Title: Pose-RFT: Aligning MLLMs for 3D Pose Generation via Hybrid Action Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
Primary area: applications to computer vision, audio, language, and other modalities
Keywords: Human Pose Estimation, Multimodal Large Language Model, Reinforcement Fine-Tuning

Abstract: Generating 3D human poses from multimodal inputs such as text or images requires models to capture both rich semantic and spatial correspondences. While pose-specific multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promise, their supervised fine-tuning (SFT) paradigm struggles to resolve the task's inherent ambiguity. Its reliance on objectives like SMPL parameter regression creates a critical alignment gap, compromising the model's ability to achieve the required semantic and spatial fidelity. To close the gap, we propose Pose-RFT, a framework that shifts the learning paradigm from supervised imitation to reward-driven reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT). We address the core technical challenge of this task: a 
hybrid action space requiring joint optimization of discrete language and continuous pose outputs. To this end, we introduce HyGRPO, a hybrid reinforcement learning algorithm that enables stable optimization by performing group-wise reward normalization over sampled responses. Pose-RFT incorporates task-specific reward functions to guide optimization towards spatial alignment in image-to-pose generation and semantic consistency in text-to-pose generation.
Extensive experiments on multiple pose generation benchmarks demonstrate that Pose-RFT significantly improves performance over existing pose-specific MLLMs, validating the effectiveness of our approach in closing the alignment gap for 3D pose generation.