Title: Binding Visual Features Point by Point
Primary area: applications to neuroscience & cognitive science
Keywords: cognitive science, binding, sequential processing, vision language models

Abstract: Despite success on standard benchmarks, vision language models display persistent failures on tasks involving processing of multi-object scenes, including many tasks that are relatively easy for humans. Recent work has found that these failures may stem from a basic inability to accurately bind object features in-context, a challenge that is referred to as the ‘binding problem' in cognitive science and neuroscience. The human visual system is thought to solve this binding problem via serial processing, attending to individual objects one at a time so as to avoid interference from other objects. Here, we investigate `pointing' -- the use of explicit spatial coordinates to refer to objects -- as an analogous solution for vision language models. We find that learning to point-via-text induces an internal visual search routine, and we characterize the mechanisms that support this procedure. We also find that pointing behavior can be generalized to new tasks via fine-tuning, and that doing so eliminates binding errors and enables compositional generalization. These results provide a proof-of-principle that serial processing can solve the binding problem for vision language models just as it does for biological vision.