Title: Plan Then Action: High-Level Planning Guidance Reinforcement Learning  for LLM Reasoning
Primary area: applications to computer vision, audio, language, and other modalities
Keywords: LLM reasoning; Mathematical Reasoning; Reinforcement Learning

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities in complex tasks, often relying on Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, due to their autoregressive token-level generation, the reasoning process is largely constrained to local decision-making and lacks global planning. This limitation frequently results in redundant, incoherent, or inaccurate reasoning, which significantly degrades overall performance. Existing approaches such as tree-based algorithms and reinforcement learning (RL) attempt to address this issue but suffer from high computational costs and often fail to produce optimal reasoning trajectories.
To tackle this challenge, we propose Plan-Then-Action Enhanced Reasoning withGroup Relative Policy Optimization (PTA-GRPO), a two-stage framework designed to improve both high-level planning and fine-grained CoT reasoning. In the first stage, we leverage advanced LLMs to distill CoT into compact high-level guidance, which is then used for supervised fine-tuning (SFT). In the second stage, we introduce a guidance-aware RL method that jointly optimizes the final output and the quality of high-level guidance, thereby enhancing reasoning effectiveness.
We conduct extensive experiments on multiple mathematical reasoning benchmarks, including MATH, AIME2024, AIME2025, and AMC, across diverse base models such as Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Qwen3-8B, Qwen3-14B, and LLaMA3.2-3B. Experimental results demonstrate that PTA-GRPO consistently achieves stable and significant improvements across different models and tasks, validating its effectiveness and generalization.

TL;DR: We proposes a two-stage “plan-then-reason” framework that leverages high-level guidance and guidance-aware RL optimization to significantly improve the stability and accuracy of LLMs on mathematical reasoning tasks.