Title: Fine-Grained Iterative Adversarial Attacks with Limited Computation Budget
Primary area: alignment, fairness, safety, privacy, and societal considerations
Keywords: Adversarial Attack, Efficiency, Robustness

Abstract: This work tackles a critical challenge in AI safety research under limited compute: given a fixed computation budget, how can one maximize the strength of iterative adversarial attacks? Coarsely reducing the number of attack iterations lowers cost but substantially weakens effectiveness. To fulfill the attainable attack efficacy within a constrained budget, we propose a fine-grained control mechanism that selectively recomputes layer activations across both iteration-wise and layer-wise levels. Extensive experiments show that our method consistently outperforms existing baselines at equal cost. Moreover, when integrated into adversarial training, it attains comparable  performance with only 30\% of the original budget.