Title: Guardian: Decoupling Exploration from Safety in Reinforcement Learning
Primary area: reinforcement learning
Keywords: Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning, Safe Reinforcement Learning, Exploration–Safety Trade-off

Abstract: Hybrid offline-online reinforcement learning (O2O RL) promises both sample efficiency and robust exploration, but suffers from instability due to distribution shift between offline and online data. We introduce RLPD-GX, a framework that decouples policy optimization from safety enforcement: a reward-seeking Learner explores freely, while a projection-based Guardian guarantees rule-consistent execution and safe value backups. This design preserves the exploratory value of online interactions without collapsing to conservative policies. To further stabilize training, we propose dynamic curricula that gradually extend temporal horizons and anneal offline–online data mixing. We prove convergence via a contraction property of the Guarded Bellman Operator, and empirically show state-of-the-art performance on Atari-100k, achieving a normalized mean score of 3.02 (+45\% over prior hybrid methods) with stronger safety and stability. Beyond Atari, ablations demonstrate consistent gains across safety-critical and long-horizon tasks, underscoring the generality of our design. Taken together, our results highlight decoupled safety enforcement as a simple yet principled route to robust O2O RL, suggesting a broader paradigm for reconciling exploration and safety in reinforcement learning.

TL;DR: We present a novel framework for offline-to-online reinforcement learning