Title: Humanoid-LLA: Open-Vocabulary Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Large Language Action Model
Primary area: applications to robotics, autonomy, planning
Keywords: Language-guided motion generation, Physic-based humanoid control

Abstract: Enabling humanoid robots to follow open-vocabulary language instructions is critical for seamless human-robot interaction, collaborative task execution, and general-purpose embodied intelligence. While recent advances have improved low-level humanoid locomotion and robot manipulation, language-conditioned whole-body control remains a significant challenge. Existing methods often fail on compositional instructions and sacrifice either motion diversity or physical plausibility. To address this, we introduce \textbf{Humanoid-LLA}, a Large Language Action Model that maps natural language commands to physically executable whole-body motions for humanoid robots. Our approach integrates three core components: a unified motion vocabulary that aligns human and humanoid motion primitives into a shared discrete space; a vocabulary-directed controller distilled from a privileged policy to ensure physical feasibility; and a physics-informed fine-tuning stage using reinforcement learning with dynamics-aware rewards to enhance robustness and stability. Extensive evaluations in simulation and on a real humanoid platform show that Humanoid-LLA delivers strong open-vocabulary generalization while maintaining high physical fidelity, outperforming existing language-conditioned controllers in motion naturalness, stability, and execution success.