Title: TritonRL: Training LLMs to Think and Code Triton Without Cheating
Primary area: foundation or frontier models, including LLMs
Keywords: Reinforcement Learning, Large Language Models, Kernel, Triton

Abstract: With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), the demand for automated, high-performance system kernels has emerged as a key enabler for accelerating development and deployment. We introduce TritonRL, a domain-specialized LLM for Triton kernel generation, trained with a novel reinforcement learning (RL) framework that enables robust and automated kernel synthesis. Unlike CUDA, which benefits from abundant programming data, high-performance Triton kernels are scarce and typically require costly crawling or manual authoring. Furthermore, reliable evaluation methods for validating Triton kernels remain underdeveloped and even hinder proper diagnosis of base model performance. Our approach addresses these challenges end-to-end with a fully open-source recipe: we curate datasets from KernelBook, enhance solution quality via DeepSeek-assisted distillation, and fine-tune Qwen3-8B to retain both reasoning ability and Triton-specific correctness. We further introduce hierarchical reward decomposition and data mixing to enhance RL training. With correct re-evaluations of existing models, our experiments on KernelBench demonstrate that TritonRL achieves state-of-the-art correctness and speedup, surpassing all other Triton-specific models and underscoring the effectiveness of our RL-based training paradigm.