Title: Toward Effective Tool-Integrated Reasoning via Self-Evolved Preference Learning
Primary area: foundation or frontier models, including LLMs
Keywords: reasoning model, tool-integrated reasoning, self-evolved training, information entropy

Abstract: Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) enables large language models (LLMs) to enhance their internal reasoning ability by integrating external tools. However, models with TIR often exhibit suboptimal behaviors, including insufficient tool calls, excessive tool calls, and overthinking after receiving tool call results. How to empower LLMs to perform TIR efficiently and accurately, while stabilizing the reasoning process, remains an open challenge.
In this paper, we first analyze the impact of tool calls on model reasoning from the perspective of information entropy. We find that when tool call results are provided, the information entropy of subsequent reasoning content will show a clear trend of change, and the overall information entropy of the reasoning chain will vary depending on the number of tool calls. Based on these observations, we propose Tool-Light, a framework designed to encourage LLMs to perform TIR efficiently and accurately. Our framework consists of dataset construction and multi-stage fine-tuning. For dataset construction, we use the trained model for continuous self-evolved sampling, integrating two methods: vanilla sampling and entropy-guided sampling. At the same time, during the sampling process, we design strict criteria for selecting positive-negative pairs. For the training process, we introduce a two-stage method, which includes a Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), and Self-Evolved Direct Preference Optimization (DPO).
Test results on 10 datasets reveal the effectiveness of Tool-Light, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the model in completing TIR tasks.