The Effect of Breathing Exercises on Pain, Anxiety, Dyspnea, and Insomnia in Patients Undergoing Lung Surgery.
NCT Number: NCT06460259
Status: RECRUITING
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Lung Surgery
Interventions: BEHAVIORAL: Breathing Exercise
Sponsor: KTO Karatay University
Sex: ALL
Age: CHILD, ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 80
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: TRIPLE (PARTICIPANT, CARE_PROVIDER, OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR)|Primary Purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Start Date: 2023-08-01
Completion Date: 2024-12
Locations: Konya City Hospital, Konya, 42020, Turkey

Summary:
Surgical treatment is performed with the aim of reducing, halting the progression of, or treating certain pathological conditions in the human body by removing some tissue or organs from the body. Wedge resection is considered an effective method for the treatment of lung cancer. The wedge resection method is utilized in both malignant and non-malignant pulmonary pathologies (such as bronchiectasis, aspergilloma, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, tuberculosis, fungal infections, inflammatory pseudotumors, hydatid cyst, and benign masses). Following surgical procedures such as Video-Assisted Thorascopic Surgery (VATS) and wedge resection, side effects and complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, prolonged air leakage, chylothorax, sepsis, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, empyema, bronchopleural fistula, pain, anxiety, dyspnea, fatigue, and insomnia can occur.

Non-pharmacological methods are observed to increase comfort and control in patients, thereby enhancing their quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy, hot or cold therapy, hypnosis, aromatherapy, massage, progressive relaxation exercises, deep breathing exercises, pursed lip breathing, yoga, and meditation can be employed in the management of postoperative symptoms such as pain, anxiety, dyspnea, insomnia, and fatigue. Studies involving breathing exercises have shown that they reduce anxiety and pain scores after exercise. Alternate nostril breathing, a yoga practice, is considered one of the best breathing exercises for health and fitness. It has positive effects on dyspnea, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders.

Primary Outcome Measures: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) - Pain Scale, A 10 cm ruler has been designed with painlessness on one side and the most severe pain possible on the other side. This ruler is known as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for visual comparison. In the evaluation of the scale, "0" indicates no pain, "1-3" indicates mild pain, "4-6" indicates moderate pain, and "7-10" indicates severe pain levels., First measurement on the day before surgery, second measurement on the first day after surgery, third measurement on the second day after surgery.|Visual Analog Scale (VAS) - Dyspnea Scale, The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is applied by marking with a pencil on a horizontal or vertical line of one hundred millimeters. The 0 mm point of the line indicates no dyspnea, while the 100 mm point indicates the most severe dyspnea possible. The patient marks the severity of their current respiratory distress on the scale by using these two degrees as criteria., First measurement on the day before surgery, second measurement on the first day after surgery, third measurement on the second day after surgery.|State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, he development of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was conducted by Spielberger and his colleagues (1970), and it consists of two subscales: state anxiety and trait anxiety, each comprising 20 items. The scores obtained from both scales theoretically range between 20 and 80. A large score indicates a high level of anxiety, a small score indicates a low level of anxiety., First measurement on the day before surgery, second measurement on the first day after surgery, third measurement on the second day after surgery.
Secondary Outcome Measures: Richard Campbell Sleep Scale, It is a scale consisting of 6 items that assess the depth of nighttime sleep, the time it takes to fall asleep, the frequency of awakenings, the duration of wakefulness upon awakening, the quality of sleep, and the level of noise in the environment. Scores on the scale range from "0-25" indicating very poor sleep to "76-100" indicating very good sleep. While evaluating the total score of the scale based on 5 items, the 6th item, which assesses the level of noise in the environment, is excluded from the total score assessment. As the score on the scale increases, the quality of patients' sleep also increases., First measurement on the day before surgery, second measurement on the first day after surgery, third measurement on the second day after surgery.