Fluid Administration in Ketoacidosis (DRINK)
NCT Number: NCT06541535
Acronym: DRINK
Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: PHASE4
Conditions: Diabetic Keto-acidosis
Interventions: DRUG: Fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline only|DRUG: Fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate
Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 300
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: QUADRUPLE (PARTICIPANT, CARE_PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR)|Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
Start Date: 2024-12
Completion Date: 2027-07
Locations: CHU NICE, Nice, France

Summary:
Management of severe diabetic ketoacidosis is based on insulin therapy, correction of metabolic disorders and fluid resuscitation. Current recommendations recommend the first-line use of isotonic saline, whose composition is unbalanced, rich in chloride and sodium compared with plasma. Administration of large volumes of isotonic saline is associated with a risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure. Balanced solutions (e.g. Ringer Lactate) are solutions with a more balanced electrolyte composition close to that of plasma. They could therefore enable diabetic ketoacidosis to be resolved more quickly than isotonic saline, due to a lower risk of hyperchloremic acidosis. Preliminary data suggest a potential benefit of balanced solutions for fluid resuscitation of patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis in terms of resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis, but no randomized controlled double-blind study to date has compared balanced solution vs. isotonic saline in this context.

Primary Outcome Measures: Resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis, Compare fluid resuscitaiton with Ringer Lactate to isotonic saline on the resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis at 24 hours from admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Resolution of ketoacidosis allowing discharge from ICU, defined as the proportion of patients with the following three criteria at 24 hours from ICU admission :

1. capillary or blood glucose \< 11 mmol/L
2. undetectable ketonemia or ketonuria
3. venous or arterial pH \> 7.35 or venous or arterial bicarbonate \> 20 mmol/L, at 24 hours
Secondary Outcome Measures: Speed of resolution of metabolic disorders, Compare fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate and isotonic saline solution on the speed of resolution of metabolic disorders in patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Proportion of patients and number of hours ("Resolution free hours") within 48 hours of ICU admission with the following three criteria:

1. capillary or blood glucose \< 11 mmol/L
2. undetectable ketonemia or ketonuria
3. venous or arterial pH \> 7.35 or venous or arterial bicarbonate \> 20 mmol/L, at 48 hours|Time of resolution of metabolic disorders, Compare fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate and isotonic saline solution on the speed of resolution of metabolic disorders in patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Time (in hours) from ICU admission to obtain one of the following three criteria:

1. capillary or blood glucose \< 11 mmol/L for at least 4 consecutive hours
2. undetectable ketonemia or ketonuria
3. venous or arterial pH \> 7.35 or venous or arterial bicarbonate \> 20 mmol/L, at 48 hours|Assess the metabolic tolerance of Ringer Lactate compared to isotonic saline solution, Assess the metabolic tolerance of Ringer Lactate compared to isotonic saline solution in patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Occurrence of serious metabolic disorders during ICU stay, defined as :

1. Kalemia \< 3 mmol/L
2. Natremia \> 145 mmol/L
3. Chloremia \> 110 mmol/L
4. Phosphoremia \< 0.70 mmol/L
5. Blood glucose \< 3.8 mmol/L (i.e. 0.80 g/L)
6. Persistent ketonemia/ketonuria 24 hours after ICU admission 2. Nature and volume (in liters) of fluid administered before inclusion and during the study period in each group 3. Protocol compliance (expressed as % of volume administered in each group), through the end of study average 24 months|Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal, neurological and cardiac complications, To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal, neurological and cardiac complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Occurrence of adverse events during ICU stay, defined as :

1. Neurological disorders (Glasgow score)
2. Acute renal failure (KDIGO classification)
3. Cardiac disorders (supraventricular and ventricular rhythm disorders, acute coronary syndrome) 2. ICU and hospital length of stay 3. ICU mortality and Day-28 mortality, at 28 days|Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on cardiac complications, To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on cardiac complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Occurrence of adverse events during ICU stay, defined as :

* Cardiac disorders (supraventricular and ventricular rhythm disorders, acute coronary syndrome)
* ICU and hospital length of stay
* ICU mortality and Day-28 mortality, at 28 days|Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal complications, To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal, complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Measure acute renal failure with KDIGO classification.

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification system stratifies acute kidney injury (AKI) into levels of severity, determined by changes in serum creatinine (SCr) / estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl), as well as changes in urine output. The strata of severity of AKI can be reached by meeting the criteria for changes in SCr / eCCl or changes in urine output. There are three levels of severity, with level 1 being the least severe and level 3 the most severe.

No cut-off for the study, at 28 days|Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on neurological complications, To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on neurological complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Measure Neurological disorders with Glasgow score. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to objectively describe the extent of impaired consciousness in all types of patients. The scale rates patients on three aspects of reactivity: eye opening, motor responses and verbal responses. It ranges from 3 (coma) to 15 (no disturbance of consciousness). No cut-off for the study., at 28 days