Evaluation of Two Isometric Exercises in the Reduction of the Blood Pressure in People With Resistant Hypertension
NCT Number: NCT06515795
Status: RECRUITING
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Resistant Hypertension
Interventions: OTHER: Isometric exercise
Sponsor: Universidade do Porto
Collaborators: Aveiro University
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 15
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: CROSSOVER|Masking: SINGLE (OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR)|Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
Start Date: 2024-07-11
Completion Date: 2024-09
Locations: Local Health Unit of the Aveiro Region, Aveiro, Portugal

Summary:
Hypertension remains the main preventable cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, both in Europe and globally. Resistant hypertension, a severe phenotype of hypertension, is defined as a blood pressure (BP) that remains above the management goal despite using three different antihypertensive agents of different classes at the maximum or maximum tolerated dose, or controlled BP on four or more antihypertensive medications. Hypertension remains a poorly controlled risk factor on a global scale and the prevalence of resistant hypertension is also growing - it is now estimated to be around 10-20%.

At the moment, there is robust evidence establishing the antihypertensive effects of exercise. The acute reduction of BP after a single bout of exercise is known as post-exercise hypotension.

In recent years, the number of investigations into the benefits of isometric exercise in the treatment of hypertension has increased, due to its ease of access and potential for use. In a recently published meta-analysis, the authors pointed to isometric exercise as the most effective type of exercise in reducing systolic and diastolic BP.

Given the scarceness of data regarding the safety and efficacy of isometric exercise in individuals with resistant hypertension and since the acute response to exercise may help to identify people who respond to exercise as antihypertensive therapy, the objective of this study is to analyse the acute effect on BP levels of two different isometric exercises - isometric handgrip (IHG) and isometric wall squat (IWS), regarding safety and efficacy, in people with resistant hypertension.

The aim is to analyse if isometric exercises are safe in this population, through the assessment of BP during the execution of the exercises. Besides that, the comparison of IHG and IWS with the control session and between one and another, will help to understand which form of isometric exercise is most effective and has the longest lasting impact on reducing BP.

Each participant must complete an acclimatization session, in which the procedures will be explained, data will be collected and the intensity of IHG and IWS will be assessed. Subsequently, each participant must complete three randomly assigned experimental sessions: a non-exercise control session and two exercise sessions, in which they will follow the protocols currently used in the literature (IHG at 30% of Maximum Voluntary Contraction and IWS at 95% of peak Heart Rate).

Primary Outcome Measures: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, Change from baseline values of Ambulatory Systolic and Dyastolic Blood Pressure Monitoring (in mmHg), Blood Pressure (in mmHg) will be assessed 15 minutes after the intervention and then every 20 minutes after each intervention session (exercise sessions and control session) until 12 hours after session
Secondary Outcome Measures: Office Blood Pressure, Systolic and Dyastolic blood pressure (in mmHg) will be measured using automatic oscillometric (change from baseline will be calculated), Systolic and Dyastolic BP will be measured immediately before the intervention session, during the exercise sessions (at 30 seconds and 90 seconds of each repetition of the handgrip and the wall squat) and 15 minutes after each intervention session|Adverse Events, Number and severity of adverse events that occur during or after exercise, Adverse events that occur during the intervention sessions, immediately after the intervention sessions or until 48 hours after the exercise sessions will be recorded