Psychophysiological Effects of Birdsongs VS Music
NCT Number: NCT06581445
Status: COMPLETED
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Sadness
Interventions: BEHAVIORAL: Birdsongs|BEHAVIORAL: Music
Sponsor: Zhejiang University
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT
Enrollment: 89
Study Design: Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP|Masking: SINGLE (PARTICIPANT)|Primary Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Start Date: 2023-05-16
Completion Date: 2023-12-07
Locations: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China

Summary:
The main goal of this study is to learn the psychophysiological effects of birdsongs on sadness. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. Can birdsongs alleviate sadness in a short term?
2. Can birdsongs have greater impact on sadness than music?
3. Can birdsongs alleviate sadness for both non-depressed and depressed participants?

Researchers will compare birdsongs to music (a active control) to see if birdsongs works to reduce sadness and also examined the psychophysiological effects of birdsongs in depressed and non-depressed participants.

Participants will:

go through the following stages: baseline, neutral control, 1st sadness induction, 1st intervention, calculation task, 2nd sadness induction, and 2nd intervention.

Primary Outcome Measures: Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), The SAM scale is a brief and widely used tool for assessing emotional states. The scale is a nonverbal self-report measure of emotion, using a set of cartoon-like manikins. The manikins illustrate nine intensity levels for valence (1 = unpleasant; 9 = pleasant), arousal (1 = calm, 9 = excited), and dominance (1 = controlled; 9 = controlling)., Immediately after the baseline, immediately after the neutral control, immediately after each sadness induction, and immediately after each intervention.|Revision of Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-R), The PANAS is another widely used scale to measure mood or emotion. The Chinese version of PANAS is comprised of 18 items, with 9 items measuring positive affect (e.g., joyful, inspired) and 9 items measuring negative affect (e.g., sad, fearful). Because participants were required to report their feelings repeatedly in this study, 18 items would be too long and tiresome. The 18 items plus \&#34;calmness\&#34; were used as 19 options for participants to choose. They needed to select one of the emotion words to tag their strongest emotion for the stage that they had just experienced. This revision of PANAS allowed us to capture the specific emotion type., Immediately after the baseline, immediately after the neutral control, immediately after each sadness induction, and immediately after each intervention.|Mean of Normal-to-Normal Intervals (MeanNN), MeanNN refers to the average duration between consecutive normal heartbeats, also named inter-beat interval. A higher MeanNN indicates a lower heart rate., Throughout the whole experiment, an average of 6 minutes for each stage.|Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Intervals (SDNN), SDNN measures the overall variability of heart rate. Higher SDNN values indicate greater variability., Throughout the whole experiment, an average of 6 minutes for each stage.