Impact of Resistance Training Volume on Cognitive Function and Physical Performance in Cognitively Impaired Individuals
NCT Number: NCT06528951
Acronym: TRAIN4BRAIN
Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Cognitive Impairment
Interventions: OTHER: Control Phase ( 6Weeks)|OTHER: 15% increase in resistance training volume (10 Weeks)|OTHER: 30% increase in resistance training volume (10 Weeks)|OTHER: One group that performed 15% more volume and increased to 30% (10 Weeks)|OTHER: One group that performed 30% more volume and increased to 45% (10 Weeks).|OTHER: Control group ( 29 Weeks)
Sponsor: University of Beira Interior
Collaborators: Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD)
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 69
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: SINGLE (OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR)|Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
Start Date: 2023-10-28
Completion Date: 2024-09-29
Locations: University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

Summary:
This research project aims to analyze the effects of different resistance training volumes on cognitive function, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, glycemic status, muscle damage, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in cognitively impaired participants. First, the participants will perform six weeks of resistance training using the same volume for all participants (control phase). The total training volume (sets x repetitions) will be 232 repetitions in the leg press and 160 repetitions in the chest press, with relative intensities ranging from 40% to 70% of 1RM. In week 7, the participants will perform the pre-test, and the outcome measures will be cognitive function, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, glycemic status, muscle damage, hemodynamic response, and physical performance. After the pre-test, the participants will be randomly assigned into two training groups to perform a 10-week intervention. One group will increase the training volume by 15% concerning the training program performed in the control phase, while the other group will increase the volume by 30%. Participants will perform a control test one week after the intervention to assess hemodynamic parameters and physical performance. One week after the control test, the participants will perform another 10-week resistance training program, where the group that performed a volume of 15% will perform 30%, and the group that performed 30% will perform 45%. One week after the intervention, the participants will perform the post-test, and the outcome measures will be cognitive function, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, glycemic status, muscle damage, hemodynamic response, and physical performance. The investigators hypothesize that both training volumes will induce similar adaptations in cognitive function, oxidative stress, immune response, lipid profile, glycemic status, muscle damage, hemodynamics, and physical performance in cognitively impaired individuals.

Primary Outcome Measures: Short Physical Performance Battery, The SPPB will determine the overall level of functional performance through three tests: balance (feet side by side, semi-tandem, tandem), 4-meter walking, and 5-repetition sit-to-stand., Change from baseline until week 29|Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2), The DRS-2 questionnaire will be applied to analyze the overall level of cognitive function through five subscales: attention, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization, and memory., Change from baseline until week 29|Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), The BDNF protein levels will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits., Change from baseline until week 29
Secondary Outcome Measures: 1-kg Medicine Ball Throw (MBT), The MBT distance will be recorded with a tape measure., Change from baseline until week 29|Handgrip strength (HGS), The HGS will be assessed through an analogic dynamometer., Change from baseline until week 29|Ten-meters walking, The 10-meter walking time will be measured with a stopwatch., Change from baseline until week 29|1RM leg press and chest press, A progressive loading test until reaching the load (weight) that can be lifted once (i.e., the one-repetition maximum) will be assessed in the leg and chest press., Change from baseline until week 29|Six-minute walking test, Walking one distance over 6 minutes will be measured with a stopwatch as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity., Change from baseline until week 29|Load-velocity profiles in the leg press and chest press, The load-velocity profiles will be analyzed using the velocity values (recorded with a linear velocity transducer) associated with the absolute loads used during the progressive loading tests in the horizontal leg press and seated chest press machines., Change from baseline until week 29|Systolic blood pressure (SBP), In this study the SBP will be assessed through a blood pressure device., Change from baseline until week 29|Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), In this study the DBP will be assessed through a blood pressure device., Change from baseline until week 29|Heart Rate (HR), In this study the HR will be assessed through a digital equipment blood pressure device., Change from baseline until week 29|Oxidative stress, Oxidative stress markers (carbonylated proteins) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits., Change from baseline until week 29|Inflammatory markers, Inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits., Change from baseline until week 29|Lipid profile, The lipid profile (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits., Change from baseline until week 29|Glycemic status, The HbA1c will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits., Change from baseline until week 29|Muscle damage, The muscle damage (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits., Change from baseline until week 29