Real-time Feedback in Swimming: Workout Compliance and Swimming Performance Outcomes Using Smart Swim Goggles
NCT Number: NCT06556212
Status: COMPLETED
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Effect of Real-time Visual Feedback on Participant Compliance, Motivation, and Performance in Swimming
Interventions: OTHER: Real-time feedback using smart swim goggles
Sponsor: Simon Fraser University
Collaborators: Form Athletica Inc.
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 57
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: NONE|Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
Start Date: 2023-03-27
Completion Date: 2023-12-09
Locations: St. George's Senior School, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6S 1V1, Canada

Summary:
In August of 2019 a Canadian company, Form Athletica Inc. (FORM), introduced a pair of Smart swimming goggles (FORM goggles) with a built-in see-through display. The FORM Smart Swim Goggles both track and display the following performance metrics in real time: lap time splits, distance, stroke rate, stroke count, distance per stroke, pace, auto-rest, and heart rate. The goggles are also capable of showing structured workouts from inside the goggles. To assess the FORM goggles heart rate monitor, swimmer workout compliance, and swimmer performance adaptations, a group of recreational swimmers will complete familiarization sessions using the FORM goggles, perform a baseline performance test, follow a 12-week training program, and complete a final performance test.

Primary Outcome Measures: Compliance: Workout pool length count difference, Measured as the difference (count) between prescribed pool lengths and completed pool lengths per workout., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Compliance: Interval rest time difference, Measured as the difference (seconds) between prescribed rest time and actual rest time per rest interval., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Compliance: Interval stroke type difference, Measured as a "success" (1) or "failure" (0) to complete the prescribed stroke type per swim interval., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Compliance: Interval effort difference, Measured as a "success" (1) or "failure" (0) to meet the prescribed effort (based on a participant-specific percentage of critical swim speed) per freestyle swim interval., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Compliance: Workout effort difference, Measured as the difference (count) between prescribed workout effort and participant provided workout effort. Workout effort is quantified using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) which is evaluated using the Borg Category-Ratio 10 scale. The minimum value is 0 (indicating no exertion at all) and the maximum value is 10 (indicating maximal exertion)., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Motivation: Completed workout difference, Measured as the difference (count) between prescribed workouts and completed workouts., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Motivation: Questionnaire, Evaluated after every workout (via an online questionnaire) on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree) for the following questions:

* Accomplishment - "I feel a sense of accomplishment after completing my swim workout"
* Enjoyment - "I enjoyed my swim workout today"
* Motivation - "I am motivated to complete my next swim workout"

Higher scores indicate higher motivation levels., From Week 2 of the study to the end of Week 13 (Weeks 1 to 12 of the training program).|Performance: Adaptation (Critical swim speed), Performance is measured as the difference (metres/second) between the baseline critical swim speed, measured at the end of Week 1 of the study, and the post-training critical swim speed, measured at the end of Week 13 of the study (end of Week 12 of the training program)., From the start of Week 1 of the training program to the end of week 12 of the training program.
Secondary Outcome Measures: Validity: Heart rate sensor, Is the smart swim goggles integrated photoplethysmography heart rate sensor valid and reliable when compared to an electrocardiogram sensor (Garmin HRM-Swim)?

Validity will be measured as the difference (beats per minute) between heart rate values from the Garmin HRM-Swim monitor and heart rate values from the smart swim goggles from two separate workouts in Week 1 of the study., Week 1 of the study