Intervention to Reduce Implicit Bias in Pharmacies
NCT Number: NCT06487351
Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Bias, Implicit|HIV|Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Interventions: BEHAVIORAL: The adapted PHBI|BEHAVIORAL: The NIH Implicit Bias course
Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 70
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: NONE|Primary Purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Start Date: 2027-07
Completion Date: 2029-07
Locations: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States

Summary:
This study will follow the ADAPT-ITT model to apply the Prejudice Habit Breaking Intervention (PHBI) to pharmacists who have experience with or are willing to prescribe PrEP. We will first collect qualitative data through focus group discussions guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) on determinants related to the intervention itself, pharmacists, and the community pharmacy context that may impact implementation of the PHBI. Then, we will use this information to adapt the PHBI in an iterative process involving topic experts, pharmacists, and PrEP users. We will then determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of the adapted PHBI to reduce implicit racial bias.

Primary Outcome Measures: Acceptability of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire, Acceptability will be assessed in all participants by the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), 8 weeks|Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire, Feasibility will be assessed in all participants by the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM), 8 weeks|Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Observed length of recruitment time, As a measure of feasibility, we will evaluate how many weeks are needed to recruit our desired study sample, 8 weeks|Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Self-reported video completion, As a measure of feasibility, we will measure the number strategy videos completed, 8 weeks|Feasibility of the adapted intervention-Observed retention rate, As a measure of feasibility, we will measure how many participants complete their final follow-up visit, 8 weeks
Secondary Outcome Measures: Reduction of implicit racial bias, Impact of the intervention on reducing implicit bias among pharmacy interns will be assessed by the Race Implicit Association Test (IAT). In the IAT participants respond to items that are to be categorized into four groups: two representing racial groups (White vs. Black/Latinx) and two representing valences (negative vs. positive), which are presented in pairs. The concept is that when the social group and valence mapped onto the same response are strongly associated, individuals respond more quickly than when they are weakly associated. The IAT is graded using a D score ranging from -2.0 to 2.0 (the average D score αs =0.78). Scores between -0.15 and 0.15 are considered to represent no preference for Whites, 0.16 to 0.35 and 0.36 to 0.65 slight and moderate preference, and values greater than 0.65 in absolute value strong preference, 8 weeks|Concern about discrimination, Will be measured by using the Concern about Discrimination scale which is a 4-item questionnaire to measure participants' beliefs that discrimination is a problem in society. Responses to each item are rated on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). Responses are averaged with a high score indicating high concern and vice versa., 8 weeks