Effectiveness of Visual-Behavioral Approach and Predictive Factors in Dental Exams for Children With Autism
NCT Number: NCT06470724
Status: COMPLETED
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Autism Spectrum Disorder
Interventions: BEHAVIORAL: Structural visual approach
Sponsor: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Sex: ALL
Age: CHILD, ADULT
Enrollment: 37
Study Design: Allocation: NA|Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP|Masking: NONE|Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
Start Date: 2021-10-04
Completion Date: 2022-05-01
Locations: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Dental Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55252, Indonesia

Summary:
The objective of the study are:

1. Evaluating the effectiveness of the structural-visual model of behavioral approach on the compliance and cooperativity of children with ASD in dental examinations.
2. Analyzing the association between the predicting factors and compliance in the step of dental examination.
3. Analyzing the association between the predicting factors and cooperativity in dental examinations.

This study tested two hypotheses:

1. Evaluating the effectiveness of the structural-visual model of behavioral approach on the compliance
2. Evaluating the effectiveness of the structural-visual model of behavioral approach on cooperativity of children with ASD in dental examinations.

The participants will undergo the structural visual approach intervention, and the investigator will measure its effectiveness through four assessments: one pre-test and three post-tests.

Primary Outcome Measures: Compliance of dental step of examination, Compliance with dental step examination

These steps (a) through (j) were given scores from 1 to 10:

1. Going into the dental room (score 1):
2. Sitting down (score 2):
3. Lying back in the dentist chair (score 3)
4. Tolerating direct light on the face (score 4
5. Mouth open wide and teeth showing (score 5)
6. Being able to handle having your mouth touched with gloves on (score 6)
7. Looking at yourself in the mirror (score 7)
8. Check over with tooth explorer (score 8)
9. Exam with bathroom mirror and tooth probe (score 9)
10. Tooth blockage (score 10), The duration of the research process spanned a period of 3 months. 1. The initial visit was pre-tested to assess the degree of cooperativity. 2. The second through sixth visits were conducted with a one-week gap. This is a visit for intervention, l|Cooperativity, During pre- and post-tests, the Frankl Behavior Scale was used to measure how cooperative the kids were. According to Frankl (1962) and Klein (1999), the scale was split into four groups:

1. Definitely Not Good The patient doesn't want to get treatment, cries, is scared, fights, and is very negative.
2. Negative: Not wanting to get dental care, not following through, and having a negative attitude, but not too much.
3. Good news The patients are willing to go to the doctor, don't mind any treatment, follow directions, and work together.
4. Definitely positive Gets along well with the dentist, is interested in treatments, smiles, and seems to enjoy the situation., The duration of the research process spanned a period of 3 months. 1. The initial visit was pre-tested to assess the degree of cooperativity. The second through sixth visits were conducted with a one-week gap. This is a visit for intervention, last