The Impact of Breath Exercise Training on Postoperative Pain, Anxiety, and Nausea-Vomiting in General Surgery Patients
NCT Number: NCT06546514
Status: COMPLETED
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Postoperative Pain, Acute|Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting|Patient Relations, Nurse
Interventions: OTHER: Breath Exercise
Sponsor: Ataturk University
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 149
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: SINGLE (PARTICIPANT)|Primary Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Start Date: 2021-08-01
Completion Date: 2024-08-01
Locations: Gamze BULUT, Erzurum, Palandöken, 25000, Turkey

Summary:
This study was conducted to determine the effect of breath exercise on post-operative anxiety level, pain, and nausea-vomiting after general surgery. This was a randomized, controlled experimental study. The sample comprised 149 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hernia (control:73; experimental:76). One day before the operation, the participants in the experimental group were given breathing exercise training, and they were applied 5 times a day for 10 repetitions until the 30th day after the operation.

Primary Outcome Measures: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, The scale consists of two parts, the 'state anxiety scale', which is created with the aim of determining the instantaneous feelings, and the 20-item 'trait anxiety scale', which was created to determine the feelings in general. It is a four degree scale ranging from 'Nothing' to 'All'. Scores range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety)., 1 day before surgery|The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), The scale consists of two parts, the 'state anxiety scale', which is created with the aim of determining the instantaneous feelings, and the 20-item 'trait anxiety scale', which was created to determine the feelings in general. It is a four degree scale ranging from 'Nothing' to 'All'. Scores range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety)., On the day of surgery|The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), The scale consists of two parts, the 'state anxiety scale', which is created with the aim of determining the instantaneous feelings, and the 20-item 'trait anxiety scale', which was created to determine the feelings in general. It is a four degree scale ranging from 'Nothing' to 'All'. Scores range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety)., 1st day after surgery|The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), The scale consists of two parts, the 'state anxiety scale', which is created with the aim of determining the instantaneous feelings, and the 20-item 'trait anxiety scale', which was created to determine the feelings in general. It is a four degree scale ranging from 'Nothing' to 'All'. Scores range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety)., 15st day after surgery|The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), The scale consists of two parts, the 'state anxiety scale', which is created with the aim of determining the instantaneous feelings, and the 20-item 'trait anxiety scale', which was created to determine the feelings in general. It is a four degree scale ranging from 'Nothing' to 'All'. Scores range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety)., 30st day after surgery|Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index, The index's alpha internal consistency coefficient is 0.98, and the alpha internal consistency coefficients for the subgroups range from 0.83 to 0.99. The adaptation of the Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index to the Turkish population was done by Genç (2010). In Genç's (2010) adaptation, the internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.95, with the alpha internal consistency for the subgroups ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. In scoring the "Nausea and Vomiting Index," items 1, 3, 6, and 7 are reverse scored. For each response, 4 indicates the highest level of distress, and 0 indicates the lowest level of distress. The patient's nausea and vomiting experiences for each of the 8 items are summed. The highest possible score is 32, indicating the most severe symptom occurrence., 1 day before surgery|Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index, The index's alpha internal consistency coefficient is 0.98, and the alpha internal consistency coefficients for the subgroups range from 0.83 to 0.99. The adaptation of the Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index to the Turkish population was done by Genç (2010). In Genç's (2010) adaptation, the internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.95, with the alpha internal consistency for the subgroups ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. In scoring the "Nausea and Vomiting Index," items 1, 3, 6, and 7 are reverse scored. For each response, 4 indicates the highest level of distress, and 0 indicates the lowest level of distress. The patient's nausea and vomiting experiences for each of the 8 items are summed. The highest possible score is 32, indicating the most severe symptom occurrence., 1st day after surgery|Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index, The index's alpha internal consistency coefficient is 0.98, and the alpha internal consistency coefficients for the subgroups range from 0.83 to 0.99. The adaptation of the Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index to the Turkish population was done by Genç (2010). In Genç's (2010) adaptation, the internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.95, with the alpha internal consistency for the subgroups ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. In scoring the "Nausea and Vomiting Index," items 1, 3, 6, and 7 are reverse scored. For each response, 4 indicates the highest level of distress, and 0 indicates the lowest level of distress. The patient's nausea and vomiting experiences for each of the 8 items are summed. The highest possible score is 32, indicating the most severe symptom occurrence., 15st day after surgery|Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index, The index's alpha internal consistency coefficient is 0.98, and the alpha internal consistency coefficients for the subgroups range from 0.83 to 0.99. The adaptation of the Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index to the Turkish population was done by Genç (2010). In Genç's (2010) adaptation, the internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.95, with the alpha internal consistency for the subgroups ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. In scoring the "Nausea and Vomiting Index," items 1, 3, 6, and 7 are reverse scored. For each response, 4 indicates the highest level of distress, and 0 indicates the lowest level of distress. The patient's nausea and vomiting experiences for each of the 8 items are summed. The highest possible score is 32, indicating the most severe symptom occurrence., 30st day after surgery|Brief Pain Inventory, The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Dicle et al. The Brief Pain Inventory, which has high validity and reliability in different patient groups, has been translated into various languages. This short, simple, and understandable inventory consists of seven items related to the severity of pain and the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities. The pain severity measurements include the worst, least, average, and current pain over the last 24 hours. Pain severity is measured using a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain). The dimensions of pain expressed by the individual measure the general activity status, emotional status, relationships with others, walking ability, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life due to pain over the past 24 hours. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.79 for pain severity and 0.80 for the impact of pain., 1 day before surgery|Brief Pain Inventory, The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Dicle et al. The Brief Pain Inventory, which has high validity and reliability in different patient groups, has been translated into various languages. This short, simple, and understandable inventory consists of seven items related to the severity of pain and the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities. The pain severity measurements include the worst, least, average, and current pain over the last 24 hours. Pain severity is measured using a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain). The dimensions of pain expressed by the individual measure the general activity status, emotional status, relationships with others, walking ability, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life due to pain over the past 24 hours. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.79 for pain severity and 0.80 for the impact of pain., On the day of surgery|Brief Pain Inventory, The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Dicle et al. The Brief Pain Inventory, which has high validity and reliability in different patient groups, has been translated into various languages. This short, simple, and understandable inventory consists of seven items related to the severity of pain and the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities. The pain severity measurements include the worst, least, average, and current pain over the last 24 hours. Pain severity is measured using a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain). The dimensions of pain expressed by the individual measure the general activity status, emotional status, relationships with others, walking ability, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life due to pain over the past 24 hours. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.79 for pain severity and 0.80 for the impact of pain., 1st day after surgery|Brief Pain Inventory, The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Dicle et al. The Brief Pain Inventory, which has high validity and reliability in different patient groups, has been translated into various languages. This short, simple, and understandable inventory consists of seven items related to the severity of pain and the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities. The pain severity measurements include the worst, least, average, and current pain over the last 24 hours. Pain severity is measured using a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain). The dimensions of pain expressed by the individual measure the general activity status, emotional status, relationships with others, walking ability, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life due to pain over the past 24 hours. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.79 for pain severity and 0.80 for the impact of pain., 15st day after surgery|Brief Pain Inventory, The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Dicle et al. The Brief Pain Inventory, which has high validity and reliability in different patient groups, has been translated into various languages. This short, simple, and understandable inventory consists of seven items related to the severity of pain and the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities. The pain severity measurements include the worst, least, average, and current pain over the last 24 hours. Pain severity is measured using a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain). The dimensions of pain expressed by the individual measure the general activity status, emotional status, relationships with others, walking ability, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life due to pain over the past 24 hours. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.79 for pain severity and 0.80 for the impact of pain., 30st day after surgery