Effect of Coffee and Agave Inulin-based Beverage on Appetite in Adults With Obesity.
NCT Number: NCT06527209
Status: ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Obesity
Interventions: OTHER: Coffee and agave inulin-based beverage (A)|OTHER: Control beverage (B)
Sponsor: University of Guadalajara
Collaborators: Hospital Civil de Guadalajara
Sex: ALL
Age: ADULT
Enrollment: 30
Study Design: Allocation: RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: CROSSOVER|Masking: DOUBLE (PARTICIPANT, CARE_PROVIDER)|Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
Start Date: 2024-06-24
Completion Date: 2025-07-31
Locations: Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico

Summary:
Nutritional treatment is key in managing obesity; however, the lack of fullness or satiety signals may affect adherence to this treatment. Coffee and inulin consumption, separately, have been shown to increase satiety and GLP-1 concentrations and reduce appetite and energy intake, but they have not been evaluated together. It is necessary to obtain scientific evidence contributing to recommendations for controlling appetite in an obesity context.

Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of coffee and agave inulin-based beverage consumption on appetite sensations, dietary intake, and ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY concentrations in adults with obesity.

For that purpose, a double-blind, randomized crossover clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of daily consumption, during two weeks, of a coffee and inulin-based beverage compared to a control beverage. Appetite sensations will be analyzed with visual analogue scales, dietary intake with a 3-day self-reporting of food intake, and appetite hormones with ELISA assays. The measurements will be performed in 6 scheduled sessions. In each session, fasting and postprandial appetite variables will be evaluated.

Primary Outcome Measures: Comparison of the subjective appetite sensations when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The subjective appetite sensations are measured with the visual analogue scales (VAS). VAS are made up of lines, usually 100 mm long, with the term "None" or "Not at all" at one end and "Yes, very much" at the other end. or "As much as I have never felt." The subject marks a point between these two extremes, and the quantification is done by measuring the distance from the left end of the line to the mark to which a score is given. These scales are validated and reproducible instruments. The VAS assesses hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, prospective consumption, and the desire for sweet, salty, fatty, and savory food., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention beverage. Basally and two weeks after taking the control beverage. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, they will be measured at times -30, 0 (beverage consumption), 30, and 60 minutes.|Comparison of acylated ghrelin concentrations when consuming the intervention drink vs. the control drink., Ghrelin is determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The kit is based on a double antibody sandwich technique. The plate wells are coated with a monoclonal antibody specific to the C-terminal region of ghrelin. This antibody will bind to any ghrelin introduced into the wells, whether standard or sample. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-Fab (Marker) conjugate that recognizes the N-terminal region of ghrelin is introduced into the wells. The two antibodies thus form a sandwich by binding to different parts of the acylated ghrelin. The AChE marker acts on the substrate solution (Ellman's reagent) to generate a yellow compound with strong absorption at 405 or 414 nm. The intensity of the color, measured spectrophotometrically, is directly proportional to the amount of acylated (human) ghrelin. For this purpose, the plate will be read on a Thermo Scientific Multiskan Sky spectrophotometer., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measure at -30 and 30 minutes after consumption of the beverage|Comparison of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The determination of GLP-1 levels is done by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit (Biovendor Cat. No. YK160). This EIA kit is used to determine human GLP-1 in plasma samples quantitatively. Its sensitive quantification and high specificity characterize the kit. In addition, it is not influenced by the other constituents in the samples.

This EIA kit for determining rat/mouse/human GLP-1 in plasma samples is based on a competitive enzyme immunoassay using a combination of highly specific antibodies to GLP-1, amide, and biotin-avidin affinity system. To the well of the plate coated with goat anti-rabbit IgG, GLP-1 standard or samples labeled antigen and GLP-1 antibodies are added for competitive immunoreaction. After incubation and plate washing, horse radish peroxidase (HRP) labeled streptoavidin (SA) is added to form HRP labeled SA-biotinylated GLP-1 - antibody complex on the surface of the wells., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured at times -30 and 30 minutes after consumption of the beverage.|Comparison of the PYY levels when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The determination of PYY levels is done by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit (Biovendor Cat. No. YK080). This EIA kit is used to determine human PYY in serum and plasma samples quantitatively. Its sensitive quantification and high specificity characterize the kit. In addition, it is not influenced by other components in samples. This determination is based on a competitive enzyme immunoassay using a combination of highly specific antibodies to the human PYY and a biotin-avidin affinity system. To the wells of plate coated with rabbit anti-human PYY antibody, standard or samples, labeled antigens are added for competitive immunoreaction. After incubation and plate washing, horse radish peroxidase (HRP) labeled streptoavidin (SA) is added to form HRP labeled streptoavidin-biotinylated antigen-antibody., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured at times -30 and 30 minutes after the beverage consumption.|Comparison of dietary intake when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., Participants will complete six 24-hour reminders: two weekend days, three weekdays, and the day before they finish the first sequence. Participants will complete six 24-hour reminders: two weekend days, three weekdays, and the day before they finish the second sequence. The diet analysis will be carried out on the Nutritionist ProTM software., 3 days, being a weekday, a weekend day, and the day before the session|Comparison of liking and wanting for specific foods when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The specific sensory satiety is measured with the visual analogue scales (VAS). VAS are made up of lines, usually 100 mm long, with the term "None" or "Not at all" at one end and "Yes, very much" at the other end. or "As much as I have never felt." The subject marks a point between these two extremes, and the quantification is done by measuring the distance from the left end of the line to the mark to which a score is given. These scales are validated and reproducible instruments. The VAS assesses liking and wanting, which is the motivational aspect of appetite or inclination to consume a specific food., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention beverage. Basally and two weeks after taking the control beverage. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, they will be measured at times -30, 0 (beverage consumption), 30, and 60 minutes.|Comparison of specific sensory desire when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The specific sensory desire is measured with the visual analogue scales (VAS). VAS are made up of lines, usually 100 mm long, with the term "None" or "Not at all" at one end and "Yes, very much" at the other end. or "As much as I have never felt." The subject marks a point between these two extremes, and the quantification is done by measuring the distance from the left end of the line to the mark to which a score is given. These scales are validated and reproducible instruments. Using these VAS, participants will be instructed to rate their desire to eat something sweet, salty, sour, bitter, fatty, and spicy., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, they will be measured at -30, 0 (beverage consumption), 30, 30 and 60 minutes.|Comparison of food choice when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The evaluation of food choice consists of serving food samples with certain sensory properties: (1) peach in syrup as sweet, (2) green apple with lemon drops as sour, (3) cracker as salty, (4) cocoa nibs as bitter, (5) jalapeño bell pepper as spicy, (6) avocado as "fatty", (7) chocolate sandwich cookie with vanilla-flavored filling as an ultra-processed sweet food, (8) cheese-flavored totopo as ultra-processed salty food, and (9) a sample of the coffee and inulin-based beverage from either the intervention or control. Participants will be instructed to choose the 3 test foods they would eat the most and the one they would eat the least at that time., Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured at 60 minutes.
Secondary Outcome Measures: Comparison of biochemical profile when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage., The concentration of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was determined with a dry chemistry analyzer Vitros 350 Chemistry (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Johnson \& Johnson Services Inc., Rochester, NY, USA). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was calculated with the Friedewald formula, except when triglyceride levels were greater than 400 mg/dL (5). Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) was calculated as total cholesterol minus the sum of LDL-c + HDL-c, Initially and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured fasting and 30 minutes after consumption of the beverage