The Effect of Recreational Games on Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Loneliness, and Somatisation in Elderly Individuals
NCT Number: NCT06505070
Status: COMPLETED
Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phases: NA
Conditions: Happiness|Life Satisfaction|Loneliness|Somatization
Interventions: BEHAVIORAL: Recreational Games
Sponsor: Duzce University
Sex: ALL
Age: OLDER_ADULT
Enrollment: 80
Study Design: Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED|Intervention Model: PARALLEL|Masking: DOUBLE (PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR)|Primary Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Start Date: 2018-01-08
Completion Date: 2020-08-10
Locations: Duzce University, Duzce, 81100, Turkey

Summary:
As per the United Nations population projections, the percentage of individuals aged 65 and older in the global population is expected to increase from 10% in 2022 to 16% by the year 2050. In response to this demographic shift, the United Nations emphasizes the importance of ageing countries establishing long-term sustainable care institutions and taking measures to ensure the adaptation of the elderly to these institutions. Recreational activities play a crucial role in supporting and encouraging elderly individuals to maintain active and productive lives in their old age while preserving their social roles.

Aim: To measure the influence of recreational games on somatisation, loneliness, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly individuals.

Primary Outcome Measures: Happiness levels, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form: The form, created by Hills and Argyle, comprises a 29-item scale utilizing a 6-point Likert-type scoring system. Its abbreviated version, containing 7 items, was translated into Turkish in 2011. The internal consistency, evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, resulted in a value of 0.74, whereas the test-retest reliability coefficient was recorded as 0.85. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 174 and the lowest score is 29. An increase in the score means an increase in the level of happiness., Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions|Satisfaction with life levels, Satisfaction with Life Scale: The scale was developed by Diener et al. (1985) to determine the satisfaction people get from life and consists of a 7-point Likert scale with unidimensional structure comprising 5 items. During its adaptation to the Turkish language, the scale underwent modification into a 5-point Likert scale. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was 0.88 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.97., Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions|Loneliness levels, De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale: The scale, crafted by Gierveld and Kamphuis (1985) to gauge the degree of loneliness among older individuals, underwent linguistic adaptation to Turkish in 2015. The scale's Cronbach alpha was 0.85. Comprising 11 items and 2 subscales, the scale encompasses six negative items evaluating emotional loneliness and 5 positive items appraising social loneliness. Employing a 3-point Likert-type scale, with five items scored inversely, the scale's minimum and maximum scores are 0 and 22, respectively., Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions|Somatisation levels, Symptom Check-List Somatisation Subscale: The scale, originally developed by Derogatis, Lipman, and Covi (1973) and subsequently adapted to the Turkish language by Kılıc (1991), is known as SCL-90-R. It is a diagnostic tool for assessing psychological concerns and identifying individual symptoms. The scale comprises nine subcategories, which encompass interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, somatisation, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, anger-hostility, anxiety, depression and phobic anxiety, utilizing a 4-point Likert type scale. The reliability coefficient for the somatisation subcategory was found to be 0.82., Before the interventions (pre-test), 1 week (post-test) and 1 month (follow-up test) after the interventions