pandaresiddhi/test-small-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the treatments for Miller syndrome ?
Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of Miller syndrome:  Genetic Testing Registry: Miller syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  Diagnostic Tests  Drug Therapy  Surgery and Rehabilitation  Genetic Counseling  Palliative Care
Question: What are the treatments for Cowden syndrome ?
Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of Cowden syndrome:  Gene Review: Gene Review: PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS)  Genetic Testing Registry: Cowden syndrome  Genetic Testing Registry: Cowden syndrome 1  Genetic Testing Registry: Cowden syndrome 2  National Cancer Institute: Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes  University of Iowa: Are Tests for Cowden Syndrome Available?  University of Iowa: How is Cowden Syndrome Diagnosed?  University of Iowa: What Should I Be Doing About This Condition? These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  Diagnostic Tests  Drug Therapy  Surgery and Rehabilitation  Genetic Counseling  Palliative Care
Question: What are the symptoms of Immune defect due to absence of thymus ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Immune defect due to absence of thymus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Immune defect due to absence of thymus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance  Bronchiectasis  Chronic diarrhea  Eczematoid dermatitis  Emphysema  Failure to thrive  Hepatosplenomegaly  Lymphopenia  Metaphyseal dysostosis  Pyoderma  Recurrent bronchopulmonary infections  Recurrent pneumonia  Reduced delayed hypersensitivity  The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Duane syndrome type 2 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Duane syndrome type 2? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Duane syndrome type 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Ophthalmoparesis 90% Strabismus 90% Anteverted nares 50% Blepharophimosis 50% Deeply set eye 50% Amblyopia 48% Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 7.5% Abnormal localization of kidney 7.5% Abnormality of the pupil 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the iris 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thumb 7.5% Brachydactyly syndrome 7.5% Chorioretinal coloboma 7.5% Cleft palate 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% External ear malformation 7.5% Hearing impairment 7.5% Heterochromia iridis 7.5% Microcephaly 7.5% Nystagmus 7.5% Optic atrophy 7.5% Ptosis 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Short neck 7.5% Talipes 7.5% Visual impairment 7.5% Wide nasal bridge 7.5% Autosomal dominant inheritance  Duane anomaly  The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What is (are) Heart Attack ?
Answer: Having a heart attack increases your chances of having another one. Therefore, it is very important that you and your family know how and when to seek medical attention. Talk to your doctor about making an emergency action plan, and discuss it with your family. The emergency action plan should include  warning signs or symptoms of a heart attack  instructions for accessing emergency medical services in your community, including calling 911  steps you can take while waiting for medical help to arrive, such as taking aspirin and nitroglycerin  important information to take along with you to the hospital, such as a list of medications that you take or that you are allergic to, and name and number of whom you should contact if you go to the hospital. warning signs or symptoms of a heart attack instructions for accessing emergency medical services in your community, including calling 911 steps you can take while waiting for medical help to arrive, such as taking aspirin and nitroglycerin important information to take along with you to the hospital, such as a list of medications that you take or that you are allergic to, and name and number of whom you should contact if you go to the hospital.
Question: What are the treatments for congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens ?
Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens:  Gene Review: Gene Review: CFTRRelated Disorders  Genetic Testing Registry: Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens  MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Infertility  MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pathway of sperm (image)  MedlinePlus Health Topic: Assisted Reproductive Technology These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  Diagnostic Tests  Drug Therapy  Surgery and Rehabilitation  Genetic Counseling  Palliative Care
Question: What is (are) Ewing Sarcoma ?
Answer:   Ewing sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue.  Signs and symptoms of Ewing sarcoma include swelling and pain near the tumor.  Tests that examine the bone and soft tissue are used to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma.  A biopsy is done to diagnose Ewing sarcoma.  Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).   Ewing sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms from a certain kind of cell in bone or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma may be found in the bones of the legs, arms, feet, hands, chest, pelvis, spine, or skull. Ewing sarcoma also may be found in the soft tissue of the trunk, arms, legs, head and neck, abdominal cavity, or other areas. Ewing sarcoma is most common in adolescents and young adults. Ewing sarcoma has also been called peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Askin tumor (Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall), extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (Ewing sarcoma in tissue other than bone), and Ewing sarcoma family of tumors.
Question: What is (are) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) ?
Answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS, is a devastating and complex disorder. People with CFS have overwhelming fatigue and a host of other symptoms that are not improved by bed rest and that can get worse after physical activity or mental exertion. They often function at a substantially lower level of activity than they were capable of before they became ill. Besides severe fatigue, other symptoms include muscle pain, impaired memory or mental concentration, insomnia, and postexertion malaise lasting more than 24 hours. In some cases, CFS can persist for years. Researchers have not yet identified what causes CFS, and there are no tests to diagnose CFS. Moreover, because many illnesses have fatigue as a symptom, doctors need to take care to rule out other conditions, which may be treatable.
Question: What are the genetic changes related to lysinuric protein intolerance ?
Answer: Mutations in the SLC7A7 gene cause lysinuric protein intolerance. The SLC7A7 gene provides instructions for producing a protein called y+L amino acid transporter 1 (y+LAT1), which is involved in transporting lysine, arginine, and ornithine between cells in the body. The transportation of amino acids from the small intestines and kidneys to the rest of the body is necessary for the body to be able to use proteins. Mutations in the y+LAT1 protein disrupt the transportation of amino acids, leading to a shortage of lysine, arginine, and ornithine in the body and an abnormally large amount of these amino acids in urine. A shortage of lysine, arginine, and ornithine disrupts many vital functions. Arginine and ornithine are involved in a cellular process called the urea cycle, which processes excess nitrogen (in the form of ammonia) that is generated when protein is used by the body. The lack of arginine and ornithine in the urea cycle causes elevated levels of ammonia in the blood. Lysine is particularly abundant in collagen molecules that give structure and strength to connective tissues such as skin, tendons, and ligaments. A deficiency of lysine contributes to the short stature and osteoporosis seen in people with lysinuric protein intolerance. Other features of lysinuric protein intolerance are thought to result from abnormal protein transport (such as protein deposits in the lungs) or a lack of protein that can be used by the body (protein malnutrition).
Question: What are the genetic changes related to X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 2 ?
Answer: Xlinked chondrodysplasia punctata 2 is caused by mutations in the EBP gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called 3hydroxysteroid8,7isomerase, which is responsible for one of the final steps in the production of cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is produced in the body and obtained from foods that come from animals (particularly egg yolks, meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products). Although too much cholesterol is a risk factor for heart disease, this molecule is necessary for normal embryonic development and has important functions both before and after birth. It is a structural component of cell membranes and plays a role in the production of certain hormones and digestive acids. Mutations in the EBP gene reduce the activity of 3hydroxysteroid8,7isomerase, preventing cells from producing enough cholesterol. A shortage of this enzyme also allows potentially toxic byproducts of cholesterol production to build up in the body. The combination of low cholesterol levels and an accumulation of other substances likely disrupts the growth and development of many body systems. It is not known, however, how this disturbance in cholesterol production leads to the specific features of Xlinked chondrodysplasia punctata 2.
Question: What are the treatments for adiposis dolorosa ?
Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of adiposis dolorosa:  Genetic Testing Registry: Lipomatosis dolorosa  Merck Manual Consumer Version: Lipomas These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  Diagnostic Tests  Drug Therapy  Surgery and Rehabilitation  Genetic Counseling  Palliative Care
Question: What are the symptoms of Diabetic mastopathy ?
Answer: What are the symptoms of diabetic mastopathy? Common symptoms of diabetic mastopathy include hard, irregular, easily movable, discrete, painless breast mass(es). This condition can involve one or both breasts and can affect males and females. The breast lesions may not be palpable in some patients. Patients with diabetic mastopathy who have had insulinrequiring diabetes for a long time (>15 years) commonly have other diabetes complications as well (e.g., thyroid, eye, and joint involvement).
Question: Who is at risk for Pancreatic Cancer? ?
Answer: Smoking and health history can affect the risk of pancreatic cancer. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesnt mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include the following:  Smoking.  Being very overweight.  Having a personal history of diabetes or chronic pancreatitis.  Having a family history of pancreatic cancer or pancreatitis.  Having certain hereditary conditions, such as:  Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome.  Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC; Lynch syndrome).  von HippelLindau syndrome.  PeutzJeghers syndrome.  Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.  Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome.
Question: What are the treatments for Clear cell renal cell carcinoma ?
Answer: What treatments for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma are available in North America? There are several treatments for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma available in North America. IL2 and sunitinib  as well as the medications temsirolimus, bevacizumab with interferon therapy, pazopanib, and sorafenib  are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Because a cure for this disease has yet to be discovered, the National Cancer Institute suggests that individuals with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma consider participation in a research study. IL2 is offered as a treatment for this disease in some individuals because it has been shown to cause a complete disappearance of signs of this disease (remission) in 5% of treated patients. As IL2 may cause toxic side effects, it is most appropriate for patients who are in excellent health. Sunitinib is offered because it has been shown to stabilize metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma by stopping the disease from getting worse. Individuals treated with sunitinib showed no change in their disease for an average of 11 months.
Question: What are the symptoms of Indigestion ?
Answer: Most people with indigestion experience more than one of the following symptoms:  Fullness during a meal. The person feels overly full soon after the meal starts and cannot finish the meal.  Bothersome fullness after a meal. The person feels overly full after a mealit may feel like the food is staying in the stomach too long.  Epigastric pain. The epigastric area is between the lower end of the chest bone and the navel. The person may experience epigastric pain ranging from mild to severe.  Epigastric burning. The person feels an unpleasant sensation of heat in the epigastric area. Other, less frequent symptoms that may occur with indigestion are nausea and bloatingan unpleasant tightness in the stomach. Nausea and bloating could be due to causes other than indigestion. Sometimes the term indigestion is used to describe the symptom of heartburn, but these are two different conditions. Heartburn is a painful, burning feeling in the chest that radiates toward the neck or back. Heartburn is caused by stomach acid rising into the esophagus and may be a symptom of GERD. A person can have symptoms of both indigestion and heartburn.
Question: What are the treatments for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliosis type ?
Answer: How might EhlersDanlos syndrome, kyphoscoliosis type be treated? The treatment of EhlersDanlos syndrome (EDS), kyphoscoliosis type is focused on preventing serious complications and relieving associated signs and symptoms. For example, physical therapy may be recommended in children with hypotonia and delayed motor development. This treatment can also help improve joint stability. Assistive devices such as braces may be necessary depending on the severity of joint instability. Depending on the severity of the kyphoscoliosis (kyphosis and scoliosis), surgery may be necessary. Because EDS, kyphoscoliosis type is associated with fragile skin with abnormal wound healing, affected people, especially children, may need to wear protective bandages or pads over exposed areas, such as the knees, shins, and forehead. Regular followup may be recommended to check for development or progression of abnormalities of the eyes, cardiovascular system, and other parts of the body. GeneReview's Web site offers more specific information regarding the treatment and management of EDS, kyphoscoliosis type. Please click on the link to access this resource. Please speak to your healthcare provider if you have any questions about your personal medical management plan.
Question: What are the treatments for 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency ?
Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of 3betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency:  Genetic Testing Registry: 3 betaHydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency  Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children: Cortisol Deficiency  MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ambiguous Genitalia  MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia  MedlinePlus Health Topic: Assisted Reproductive Technology  National Institutes of Health Clinical Center: Managing Adrenal Insufficiency These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  Diagnostic Tests  Drug Therapy  Surgery and Rehabilitation  Genetic Counseling  Palliative Care
Question: What are the symptoms of Muscular atrophy ataxia retinitis pigmentosa and diabetes mellitus ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Muscular atrophy ataxia retinitis pigmentosa and diabetes mellitus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Muscular atrophy ataxia retinitis pigmentosa and diabetes mellitus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 90% Incoordination 90% Myopathy 90% Type II diabetes mellitus 90% Ataxia  Autosomal dominant inheritance  Diabetes mellitus  Rodcone dystrophy  Skeletal muscle atrophy  The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What is (are) vitiligo ?
Answer: Vitiligo is a condition that causes patchy loss of skin coloring (pigmentation). The average age of onset of vitiligo is in the midtwenties, but it can appear at any age. It tends to progress over time, with larger areas of the skin losing pigment. Some people with vitiligo also have patches of pigment loss affecting the hair on their scalp or body. Researchers have identified several forms of vitiligo. Generalized vitiligo (also called nonsegmental vitiligo), which is the most common form, involves loss of pigment (depigmentation) in patches of skin all over the body. Depigmentation typically occurs on the face, neck, and scalp, and around body openings such as the mouth and genitals. Sometimes pigment is lost in mucous membranes, such as the lips. Loss of pigmentation is also frequently seen in areas that tend to experience rubbing, impact, or other trauma, such as the hands, arms, and places where bones are close to the skin surface (bony prominences). Another form called segmental vitiligo is associated with smaller patches of depigmented skin that appear on one side of the body in a limited area; this occurs in about 10 percent of affected individuals. Vitiligo is generally considered to be an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. In people with vitiligo the immune system appears to attack the pigment cells (melanocytes) in the skin. About 15 to 25 percent of people with vitiligo are also affected by at least one other autoimmune disorder, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, pernicious anemia, Addison disease, or systemic lupus erythematosus. In the absence of other autoimmune conditions, vitiligo does not affect general health or physical functioning. However, concerns about appearance and ethnic identity are significant issues for many affected individuals.
Question: What causes Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy ?
Answer: What causes juvenile myoclonic epilepsy? The exact cause of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy remains unknown. It is not associated with conditions such as head trauma, brain tumor, or encephalitis. Several families have specific mutations in various genes and a complex mode of inheritance. In individuals with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, symptoms can be precipitated by: Sleep deprivation Psychological stress Alcohol and drug use Noncompliance of medication Photic stimulation Menses Time of day  Usually mornings
Question: What are the symptoms of Reducing body myopathy ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Reducing body myopathy? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Reducing body myopathy. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Dilated cardiomyopathy 5% Areflexia  Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase  Flexion contracture  Frequent falls  Hyperlordosis  Hyporeflexia  Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter  Kyphosis  Proximal muscle weakness  Rapidly progressive  Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness  Scoliosis  Short neck  Spinal rigidity  Xlinked dominant inheritance  Xlinked inheritance  The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.