Repository: juanfont/headscale

Issue:
[Bug] Invalid ACL stored in DB, crash on startup
### Is this a support request?

- [x] This is not a support request

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [x] I have searched the existing issues

### Current Behavior

I've used headscale-admin to update te the ACL, then I restarted headscale. On startup, it complained about a host referenced in the ACLs that wasn't defined (I had just deleted it thinking that it wasn't needed anymore).

On startup, it complained about the missing host:
```
handshake-headscale-1  | 2025-05-27T09:18:31Z INF Opening database database=sqlite3 path=/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite
handshake-headscale-1  | 2025-05-27T09:18:31Z FTL home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go:24 > Error initializing error="creating new headscale: loading ACL policy: creating policy manager: parsing policy: Host \"siemens-distillery\" is not defined in the Policy, please define or remove the reference to it"
```
and then exited.

I patched the database manually using sqlite3 (I basically copied an older version to the currect version in the `policies` table, and that let me start up headscale again.

This is with docker.io/headscale/headscale:v0.26.0 and docker.io/goodieshq/headscale-admin:v0.25.6. 

### Expected Behavior

Headscale should either refuse to store the broken ACL, or ignore the broken (part of the) ACLs on startup, so users can fix it through the command line or the web interface.


### Steps To Reproduce

1. Bring up headscale and headscale admin with docker-compose
2. Add a host to the policies
3. Add an ACL referencing that host
4. Save the config
5. Remove the host
6. Save the config; note that there is no error
7. Restart headscale and observe that it won't start. 

### Environment

```markdown
- OS: docker compose
- Headscale version: v0.26.0
- Tailscale version: n/a
- Headscale Admin: v0.25.6
```

### Runtime environment

- [x] Headscale is behind a (reverse) proxy
- [x] Headscale runs in a container

### Debug information

see above

Hints from issue comments:
@dulinux: Similar issue here. Was working before pulling updated image.

```
[...]
headscale        | 2025-06-01T13:03:49-03:00 INF Opening database database=sqlite3 path=/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite
headscale        | 2025-06-01T13:03:49-03:00 FTL home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go:24 > Error initializing error="creating new headscale: loading ACL policy: creating policy manager: parsing policy: parsing policy from bytes: Invalid Owner \"duli\". An alias must be one of the following types:\n- user (containing an \"@\")\n- group (starting with \"group:\")\n- tag (starting with \"tag:\")\n\nPlease check the format and try again."
[...]
```

```
duli@oc1:/opt/docker/headscale$ docker image list
REPOSITORY                           TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
headscale/headscale                  stable     d70eeb8fb774   N/A            80.8MB
[...]
```

@malosaaa: Just open the database in sqlbrowser in windows.
delete the last entry data in policy, just copy first the acls and modify. and insert it later with for example headplane UI, that works

For me the last update in acls broke everything and got annoyed to reconfigure everything.. however still having issue's

 
@bratorange: +1, my ACLs also got screwed up.@stblassitude: Another example:
```
home/runner/work/headscale/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go:24 > Error initializing error="creating new headscale: loading ACL policy: creating policy manager: parsing policy: parsing policy from bytes: Username has to contain @, got: \"foobar\"
```

Again ,since headscale fails to start up, the only way out is to either throw away the entire configuration, or try and patch the database manually.@nblock: > … the only way out is to either throw away the entire configuration, or try and patch the database manually.

Have a look at "Migration notes when the policy is stored in the database." in the Changelog.@kradalby: ok, these are the three options I have come up with, I don't care for either that much:

Let it start with an allow all policy -> security risk, also if it doesnt fail and yell, how would people know that they are now running with a wide open network without checking logs.

Let it start with a deny all policy -> UX annoyance, but people would at least notice, but not really easily, they would have to go to the logs and see it yell, after wondering "why doesnt anything work". This will break your current network the moment the nodes reconnect, which I do not think is acceptable.

Add a CLI flag that bypasses gRPC and allows you to pass the database file and policy file directly. This is kind of a "helper" to patch the database yourself. It would be a bit weird since you cant use it remote, it will be only for the server where it runs. @nblock: Maybe there could be two mutually exclusive configuration options (or cli flags) to bypass whatever policy is configured and apply "allow all" or "deny all" temporarily. This should log scary warnings when being used to make it clear that it is just a temporary measure to fixup a policy in the GUI. Maybe:

- `--bypass-policy-allow-all`
- `--bypass-policy-deny-all`@kradalby: After discussing, @nblock think the best option is to add a `--database-path` flag to `headscale policy set|get` which bypasses the gRPC/connection to the server and allows you to extract and set the policy in the database without the server running. 

This will of course only work for SQLite.

Solution patch:
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e56dd827..0fc960c2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ upstream is changed.
   - **IMPORTANT: Backup your SQLite database before upgrading**
   - Introduces safer table renaming migration strategy
   - Addresses longstanding database integrity issues
+- Add flag to directly manipulate the policy in the database
+  [#2765](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2765)
 - DERPmap update frequency default changed from 24h to 3h
   [#2741](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2741)
 - DERPmap update mechanism has been improved with retry,
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go
index 6d6476fb..e1b8e7b3 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	survey "github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
@@ -222,8 +221,6 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
@@ -290,8 +287,6 @@ var expireNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
@@ -312,8 +307,6 @@ var expireNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node expired", output)
@@ -333,8 +326,6 @@ var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
@@ -360,8 +351,6 @@ var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node renamed", output)
@@ -382,8 +371,6 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
@@ -401,8 +388,6 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				"Error getting node node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteNodeRequest{
@@ -412,16 +397,10 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		confirm := false
 		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
 		if !force {
-			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
-				Message: fmt.Sprintf(
-					"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
-					getResponse.GetNode().GetName(),
-				),
-			}
-			err = survey.AskOne(prompt, &confirm)
-			if err != nil {
-				return
-			}
+			confirm = util.YesNo(fmt.Sprintf(
+				"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
+				getResponse.GetNode().GetName(),
+			))
 		}
 
 		if confirm || force {
@@ -437,8 +416,6 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 					"Error deleting node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
 					output,
 				)
-
-				return
 			}
 			SuccessOutput(
 				map[string]string{"Result": "Node deleted"},
@@ -465,8 +442,6 @@ var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
@@ -476,8 +451,6 @@ var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
@@ -495,8 +468,6 @@ var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				"Error getting node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		moveRequest := &v1.MoveNodeRequest{
@@ -511,8 +482,6 @@ var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				"Error moving node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(moveResponse.GetNode(), "Node moved to another user", output)
@@ -535,20 +504,13 @@ If you remove IPv4 or IPv6 prefixes from the config,
 it can be run to remove the IPs that should no longer
 be assigned to nodes.`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		var err error
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
 		confirm := false
 
 		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
 		if !force {
-			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
-				Message: "Are you sure that you want to assign/remove IPs to/from nodes?",
-			}
-			err = survey.AskOne(prompt, &confirm)
-			if err != nil {
-				return
-			}
+			confirm = util.YesNo("Are you sure that you want to assign/remove IPs to/from nodes?")
 		}
 
 		if confirm || force {
@@ -563,8 +525,6 @@ be assigned to nodes.`,
 					"Error backfilling IPs: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
 					output,
 				)
-
-				return
 			}
 
 			SuccessOutput(changes, "Node IPs backfilled successfully", output)
@@ -763,8 +723,6 @@ var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 		tagsToSet, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -773,8 +731,6 @@ var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving list of tags to add to node, %v", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		// Sending tags to node
@@ -789,8 +745,6 @@ var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error while sending tags to headscale: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if resp != nil {
@@ -820,8 +774,6 @@ var approveRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 		routes, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("routes")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -830,8 +782,6 @@ var approveRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving list of routes to add to node, %v", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		// Sending routes to node
@@ -846,8 +796,6 @@ var approveRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error while sending routes to headscale: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if resp != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go
index caf9d436..b8a9a2ad 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go
@@ -6,21 +6,30 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/db"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/policy"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"tailscale.com/types/views"
 )
 
+const (
+	bypassFlag = "bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly"
+)
+
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(policyCmd)
+
+	getPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(getPolicy)
 
 	setPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
 	if err := setPolicy.MarkFlagRequired("file"); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
 	}
+	setPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(setPolicy)
 
 	checkPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
@@ -41,21 +50,58 @@ var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Aliases: []string{"show", "view", "fetch"},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
-
-		request := &v1.GetPolicyRequest{}
-
-		response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
+		var policy string
+		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
+			confirm := false
+			force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+			if !force {
+				confirm = util.YesNo("DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?")
+			}
+
+			if !confirm && !force {
+				ErrorOutput(nil, "Aborting command", output)
+				return
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading config: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(
+				cfg.Database,
+				cfg.BaseDomain,
+				nil,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open database: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			pol, err := d.GetPolicy()
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading Policy from database: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			policy = pol.Data
+		} else {
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+			defer cancel()
+			defer conn.Close()
+
+			request := &v1.GetPolicyRequest{}
+
+			response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, request)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			policy = response.GetPolicy()
 		}
 
 		// TODO(pallabpain): Maybe print this better?
 		// This does not pass output as we dont support yaml, json or json-line
 		// output for this command. It is HuJSON already.
-		SuccessOutput("", response.GetPolicy(), "")
+		SuccessOutput("", policy, "")
 	},
 }
 
@@ -81,14 +127,52 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
-		request := &v1.SetPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)}
-
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
+		_, err = policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, nil, views.Slice[types.NodeView]{})
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error parsing the policy file: %s", err), output)
+			return
+		}
 
-		if _, err := client.SetPolicy(ctx, request); err != nil {
-			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to set ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
+		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
+			confirm := false
+			force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+			if !force {
+				confirm = util.YesNo("DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?")
+			}
+
+			if !confirm && !force {
+				ErrorOutput(nil, "Aborting command", output)
+				return
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading config: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(
+				cfg.Database,
+				cfg.BaseDomain,
+				nil,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open database: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			_, err = d.SetPolicy(string(policyBytes))
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to set ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
+			}
+		} else {
+			request := &v1.SetPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)}
+
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+			defer cancel()
+			defer conn.Close()
+
+			if _, err := client.SetPolicy(ctx, request); err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to set ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
+			}
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(nil, "Policy updated.", "")
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go
index 8b32d935..9a816c78 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
 
-	survey "github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -161,16 +161,10 @@ var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		confirm := false
 		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
 		if !force {
-			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
-				Message: fmt.Sprintf(
-					"Do you want to remove the user %q (%d) and any associated preauthkeys?",
-					user.GetName(), user.GetId(),
-				),
-			}
-			err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &confirm)
-			if err != nil {
-				return
-			}
+			confirm = util.YesNo(fmt.Sprintf(
+				"Do you want to remove the user %q (%d) and any associated preauthkeys?",
+				user.GetName(), user.GetId(),
+			))
 		}
 
 		if confirm || force {
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go
index 0347c0a9..f6b5f71a 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go
@@ -169,7 +169,14 @@ func ErrorOutput(errResult error, override string, outputFormat string) {
 		Error string `json:"error"`
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", output(errOutput{errResult.Error()}, override, outputFormat))
+	var errorMessage string
+	if errResult != nil {
+		errorMessage = errResult.Error()
+	} else {
+		errorMessage = override
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", output(errOutput{errorMessage}, override, outputFormat))
 	os.Exit(1)
 }
 
diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
index 70b51c7b..60dcd088 100644
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
       overlay = _: prev: let
         pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${prev.system};
         buildGo = pkgs.buildGo124Module;
-        vendorHash = "sha256-83L2NMyOwKCHWqcowStJ7Ze/U9CJYhzleDRLrJNhX2g=";
+        vendorHash = "sha256-hIY6asY3rOIqf/5P6lFmnNCDWcqNPJaj+tqJuOvGJlo=";
       in {
         headscale = buildGo {
           pname = "headscale";
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 3af028b9..c8e22857 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 module github.com/juanfont/headscale
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.24.4
 
-toolchain go1.24.2
+toolchain go1.24.6
 
 require (
-	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7
 	github.com/arl/statsviz v0.6.0
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2
 	github.com/chasefleming/elem-go v0.30.0
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ require (
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.30.0
-	tailscale.com v1.84.3
+	tailscale.com v1.86.5
 	zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.2.0
 	zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1
 )
@@ -149,8 +148,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gookit/color v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/csrf v1.7.3 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hdevalence/ed25519consensus v0.2.0 // indirect
@@ -164,7 +161,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v1.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
@@ -177,7 +173,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.3-0.20250113171957-fbb4dce95f42 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.58 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
@@ -215,7 +210,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/tailscale/peercred v0.0.0-20250107143737-35a0c7bd7edc // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/setec v0.0.0-20250305161714-445cadbbca3d // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976 // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250304000100-91a0587fb251 // indirect
+	github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.34.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/term v0.33.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.35.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index f7774361..25ffe5d8 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
 filippo.io/mkcert v1.4.4 h1:8eVbbwfVlaqUM7OwuftKc2nuYOoTDQWqsoXmzoXZdbc=
 filippo.io/mkcert v1.4.4/go.mod h1:VyvOchVuAye3BoUsPUOOofKygVwLV2KQMVFJNRq+1dA=
-github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7 h1:6I/u8FvytdGsgonrYsVn2t8t4QiRnh6QSTqkkhIiSjQ=
-github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7/go.mod h1:xUTIdE4KCOIjsBAE1JYsUPoCqYdZ1reCfTwbto0Fduo=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c h1:pxW6RcqyfI9/kWtOwnv/G+AzdKuy2ZrqINhenH4HyNs=
@@ -31,8 +29,6 @@ github.com/MarvinJWendt/testza v0.5.2 h1:53KDo64C1z/h/d/stCYCPY69bt/OSwjq5KpFNwi
 github.com/MarvinJWendt/testza v0.5.2/go.mod h1:xu53QFE5sCdjtMCKk8YMQ2MnymimEctc4n3EjyIYvEY=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
-github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20220104043353-73e0943537d2 h1:+vx7roKuyA63nhn5WAunQHLTznkw5W8b1Xc0dNjp83s=
-github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20220104043353-73e0943537d2/go.mod h1:HBCaDeC1lPdgDeDbhX8XFpy1jqjK0IBG8W5K+xYqA0w=
 github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 h1:TngWCqHvy9oXAN6lEVMRuU21PR1EtLVZJmdB18Gu3Rw=
 github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5/go.mod h1:lmUJ/7eu/Q8D7ML55dXQrVaamCz2vxCfdQBasLZfHKk=
 github.com/akutz/memconn v0.1.0 h1:NawI0TORU4hcOMsMr11g7vwlCdkYeLKXBcxWu2W/P8A=
@@ -131,7 +127,6 @@ github.com/creachadair/mds v0.24.3/go.mod h1:0oeHt9QWu8VfnmskOL4zi2CumjEvB29Scmt
 github.com/creachadair/taskgroup v0.13.2 h1:3KyqakBuFsm3KkXi/9XIb0QcA8tEzLHLgaoidf0MdVc=
 github.com/creachadair/taskgroup v0.13.2/go.mod h1:i3V1Zx7H8RjwljUEeUWYT30Lmb9poewSb2XI1yTwD0g=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
-github.com/creack/pty v1.1.17/go.mod h1:MOBLtS5ELjhRRrroQr9kyvTxUAFNvYEK993ew/Vr4O4=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.23 h1:4M6+isWdcStXEf15G/RbrMPOQj1dZ7HPZCGwE4kOeP0=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.23/go.mod h1:08sCNb52WyoAwi2QDyzUCTgcvVFhUzewun7wtTfvcwE=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
@@ -154,8 +149,6 @@ github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 h1:USnMq7hx7gwdVZq1L49hLXaFtUdTADjXGp+uj
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0/go.mod h1:ov60Kzw0kKElRwhNs9UlUHAE/F9Fe6GLaXnqyDdmEXc=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
-github.com/dsnet/try v0.0.3 h1:ptR59SsrcFUYbT/FhAbKTV6iLkeD6O18qfIWRml2fqI=
-github.com/dsnet/try v0.0.3/go.mod h1:WBM8tRpUmnXXhY1U6/S8dt6UWdHTQ7y8A5YSkRCkq40=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/felixge/fgprof v0.9.3/go.mod h1:RdbpDgzqYVh/T9fPELJyV7EYJuHB55UTEULNun8eiPw=
@@ -226,8 +219,6 @@ github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 h1:AnCroh3fv4ZBgVIf1Iwtovgjaw/GiKJo8M8yD
 github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Kcdr2DB4koayq7X8pmAG4sNG59So17icRSOU623lUBU=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.4 h1:awZRf9FwOeTunQmHoDYSHJps3ie6f1UlhS1fOdPEt1I=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.4/go.mod h1:h9jEsEECg7gtLis0upRBQU+GhYVH6jMjrFxI8u6bVUY=
-github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 h1:xRy4A+RhZaiKjJ1bPfwQ8sedCA+YS2YcCHW6ec7JMi0=
-github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/nftables v0.2.1-0.20240414091927-5e242ec57806 h1:wG8RYIyctLhdFk6Vl1yPGtSRtwGpVkWyZww1OCil2MI=
 github.com/google/nftables v0.2.1-0.20240414091927-5e242ec57806/go.mod h1:Beg6V6zZ3oEn0JuiUQ4wqwuyqqzasOltcoXPtgLbFp4=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20211214055906-6f57359322fd/go.mod h1:KgnwoLYCZ8IQu3XUZ8Nc/bM9CCZFOyjUNOSygVozoDg=
@@ -242,12 +233,8 @@ github.com/gookit/color v1.4.2/go.mod h1:fqRyamkC1W8uxl+lxCQxOT09l/vYfZ+QeiX3rKQ
 github.com/gookit/color v1.5.0/go.mod h1:43aQb+Zerm/BWh2GnrgOQm7ffz7tvQXEKV6BFMl7wAo=
 github.com/gookit/color v1.5.4 h1:FZmqs7XOyGgCAxmWyPslpiok1k05wmY3SJTytgvYFs0=
 github.com/gookit/color v1.5.4/go.mod h1:pZJOeOS8DM43rXbp4AZo1n9zCU2qjpcRko0b6/QJi9w=
-github.com/gorilla/csrf v1.7.3 h1:BHWt6FTLZAb2HtWT5KDBf6qgpZzvtbp9QWDRKZMXJC0=
-github.com/gorilla/csrf v1.7.3/go.mod h1:F1Fj3KG23WYHE6gozCmBAezKookxbIvUJT+121wTuLk=
 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 h1:TuBL49tXwgrFYWhqrNgrUNEY92u81SPhu7sTdzQEiWY=
 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1/go.mod h1:AKf9I4AEqPTmMytcMc0KkNouC66V3BtZ4qD5fmWSiMQ=
-github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 h1:YCIWL56dvtr73r6715mJs5ZvhtnY73hBvEF8kXD8ePA=
-github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2/go.mod h1:NfCASbcHqRSY+3a8tlWJwsQap2VX5pwzwo4h3eOamfo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 h1:saDtZ6Pbx/0u+bgYQ3q96pZgCzfhKXGPqt7kZ72aNNg=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.0 h1:+epNPbD5EqgpEMm5wrl4Hqts3jZt8+kYaqUisuuIGTk=
@@ -256,8 +243,6 @@ github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 h1:5tqGy27NaOTB8yJKUZELlFAS/LTKJkrmONwQKe
 github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fltr4n8CU8Ke44wwGCBoEymUuxUHl09ZGVZPK5anwXA=
 github.com/hdevalence/ed25519consensus v0.2.0 h1:37ICyZqdyj0lAZ8P4D1d1id3HqbbG1N3iBb1Tb4rdcU=
 github.com/hdevalence/ed25519consensus v0.2.0/go.mod h1:w3BHWjwJbFU29IRHL1Iqkw3sus+7FctEyM4RqDxYNzo=
-github.com/hinshun/vt10x v0.0.0-20220119200601-820417d04eec h1:qv2VnGeEQHchGaZ/u7lxST/RaJw+cv273q79D81Xbog=
-github.com/hinshun/vt10x v0.0.0-20220119200601-820417d04eec/go.mod h1:Q48J4R4DvxnHolD5P8pOtXigYlRuPLGl6moFx3ulM68=
 github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle v0.0.0-20210905161508-09a460cdf81d/go.mod h1:aYm2/VgdVmcIU8iMfdMvDMsRAQjcfZSKFby6HOFvi/w=
 github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle v0.0.0-20230524184225-eabc099b10ab/go.mod h1:gx7rwoVhcfuVKG5uya9Hs3Sxj7EIvldVofAWIUtGouw=
 github.com/illarion/gonotify/v3 v3.0.2 h1:O7S6vcopHexutmpObkeWsnzMJt/r1hONIEogeVNmJMk=
@@ -289,8 +274,6 @@ github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath/internal/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:L3OGu8Wl2/fWfC
 github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0/go.mod h1:5DoeVV0s6jJacbCEi61lwdGj/aVlrQvzHFFd8Hwg//Y=
 github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v1.4.1 h1:JfD4jthWBqZMEffc5RjgmlzpYttAVw1sdnmiNaPO3hE=
 github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v1.4.1/go.mod h1:xJjT7t59UIZ62GLZbv6PLLo8VFrostJMPBAheR6OM8w=
-github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 h1:Z9n2FFNUXsshfwJMBgNA0RU6/i7WVaAegv3PtuIHPMs=
-github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51/go.mod h1:CzGEWj7cYgsdH8dAjBGEr58BoE7ScuLd+fwFZ44+/x8=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zttxdo=
@@ -321,11 +304,9 @@ github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9/go.mod h1:AlVN5x4E4T544tWzH6hKfbfQvm3HdbOxrmggDNAPY9o=
 github.com/lithammer/fuzzysearch v1.1.8 h1:/HIuJnjHuXS8bKaiTMeeDlW2/AyIWk2brx1V8LFgLN4=
 github.com/lithammer/fuzzysearch v1.1.8/go.mod h1:IdqeyBClc3FFqSzYq/MXESsS4S0FsZ5ajtkr5xPLts4=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7/go.mod h1:xzfreul335JAWq5oZzymOObrkdz5UnU4kGfJJLY9Nlc=
-github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.2/go.mod h1:U0ppj6V5qS13XJ6of8GYAs25YV2eR4EVcfRqFIhoBtE=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13/go.mod h1:7S9/ev0klgBDR4GtXTXX8a3vIGJpMovkB8vQcUbaXHg=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 h1:9A9LHSqF/7dyVVX6g0U9cwm9pG3kP9gSzcuIPHPsaIE=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14/go.mod h1:6LmQG8QLFO4G5z1gPvYEzlUgJ2wF+stgPZH1UqBm1s8=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.8/go.mod h1:Iq45c/XA43vh69/j3iqttzPXn0bhXyGjM0Hdxcsrc5s=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16/go.mod h1:kYGgaQfpe5nmfYZH+SKPsOc2e4SrIfOl2e/yFXSvRLM=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.19/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
@@ -341,9 +322,6 @@ github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0 h1:Ma9XeLVN/l0qpyx1tNeMSeTjCPH6NtuD6/N9XdTlQ
 github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0/go.mod h1:HQUmpM4XgYkhDLtd+Uad8ZFK1T9D5+pNxnXQjCeJlGE=
 github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.0 h1:ilICZmJcQz70vrWVes1MFera4jGiWNocSkykwwoy3XI=
 github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.0/go.mod h1:WkcBFfvyG8QENs5+hfQPl1X6Jpd2yeLIYgrGFmJiJxI=
-github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20170206155736-9520e82c474b/go.mod h1:01TrycV0kFyexm33Z7vhZRXopbI8J3TDReVlkTgMUxE=
-github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d h1:5PJl274Y63IEHC+7izoQE9x6ikvDFZS2mDVS3drnohI=
-github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d/go.mod h1:01TrycV0kFyexm33Z7vhZRXopbI8J3TDReVlkTgMUxE=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.58 h1:ca2Hdkz+cDg/7eNF6V56jjzuZ4aCAE+DbVkILdQWG/4=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.58/go.mod h1:Ypv+3b/KadlvW9vJfXOTf300O4UqaHFzFCuHz+rPkBY=
 github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 h1:i6ampVEEF4wQFF+bkYfwYgY+F/uYJDktmvLPf7qIgjc=
@@ -492,8 +470,8 @@ github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976 h1:U
 github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976/go.mod h1:agQPE6y6ldqCOui2gkIh7ZMztTkIQKH049tv8siLuNQ=
 github.com/tailscale/wf v0.0.0-20240214030419-6fbb0a674ee6 h1:l10Gi6w9jxvinoiq15g8OToDdASBni4CyJOdHY1Hr8M=
 github.com/tailscale/wf v0.0.0-20240214030419-6fbb0a674ee6/go.mod h1:ZXRML051h7o4OcI0d3AaILDIad/Xw0IkXaHM17dic1Y=
-github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250304000100-91a0587fb251 h1:h/41LFTrwMxB9Xvvug0kRdQCU5TlV1+pAMQw0ZtDE3U=
-github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250304000100-91a0587fb251/go.mod h1:BOm5fXUBFM+m9woLNBoxI9TaBXXhGNP50LX/TGIvGb4=
+github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da h1:jVRUZPRs9sqyKlYHHzHjAqKN+6e/Vog6NpHYeNPJqOw=
+github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da/go.mod h1:BOm5fXUBFM+m9woLNBoxI9TaBXXhGNP50LX/TGIvGb4=
 github.com/tailscale/xnet v0.0.0-20240729143630-8497ac4dab2e h1:zOGKqN5D5hHhiYUp091JqK7DPCqSARyUfduhGUY8Bek=
 github.com/tailscale/xnet v0.0.0-20240729143630-8497ac4dab2e/go.mod h1:orPd6JZXXRyuDusYilywte7k094d7dycXXU5YnWsrwg=
 github.com/tc-hib/winres v0.2.1 h1:YDE0FiP0VmtRaDn7+aaChp1KiF4owBiJa5l964l5ujA=
@@ -561,8 +539,8 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 h1:R84qjqJb5nVJMxqWYb3np9L5Z
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0/go.mod h1:S9Xr4PYopiDyqSyp5NjCrhFrqg6A5zA2E/iPHPhqnS8=
 golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20240314144324-c7f7c6466f7f h1:phY1HzDcf18Aq9A8KkmRtY9WvOFIxN8wgfvy6Zm1DV8=
 golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20240314144324-c7f7c6466f7f/go.mod h1:AbB0pIl9nAr9wVwH+Z2ZpaocVmF5I4GyWCDIsVjR0bk=
-golang.org/x/image v0.24.0 h1:AN7zRgVsbvmTfNyqIbbOraYL8mSwcKncEj8ofjgzcMQ=
-golang.org/x/image v0.24.0/go.mod h1:4b/ITuLfqYq1hqZcjofwctIhi7sZh2WaCjvsBNjjya8=
+golang.org/x/image v0.27.0 h1:C8gA4oWU/tKkdCfYT6T2u4faJu3MeNS5O8UPWlPF61w=
+golang.org/x/image v0.27.0/go.mod h1:xbdrClrAUway1MUTEZDq9mz/UpRwYAkFFNUslZtcB+g=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
@@ -590,7 +568,6 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.16.0 h1:ycBJEhp9p4vXvUZNszeOq0kGTPghopOL8q0fq3vstxw=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.16.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190222072716-a9d3bda3a223/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200217220822-9197077df867/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200728102440-3e129f6d46b1/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -629,14 +606,13 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.33.0/go.mod h1:s18+ql9tYWp1IfpV9DmCtQDDSRBUjKaw9M1eAv5UeF0=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.27.0 h1:4fGWRpyh641NLlecmyl4LOe6yDdfaYNrGb2zdfo4JV4=
 golang.org/x/text v0.27.0/go.mod h1:1D28KMCvyooCX9hBiosv5Tz/+YLxj0j7XhWjpSUF7CU=
-golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 h1:3usCWA8tQn0L8+hFJQNgzpWbd89begxN66o1Ojdn5L4=
-golang.org/x/time v0.10.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 h1:/bpjEDfN9tkoN/ryeYHnv5hcMlc8ncjMcM4XBk5NWV0=
+golang.org/x/time v0.11.0/go.mod h1:CDIdPxbZBQxdj6cxyCIdrNogrJKMJ7pr37NYpMcMDSg=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
@@ -712,8 +688,8 @@ modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0 h1:H2g08FrTvSFKUj+D309j1DPfk5APnIdAQAB8aEykJ5k=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Qiz0EyvDRJjjxGyUQa2cCNZn/wMyzrRJ/qcDXOQazLI=
-tailscale.com v1.84.3 h1:Ur9LMedSgicwbqpy5xn7t49G8490/s6rqAJOk5Q5AYE=
-tailscale.com v1.84.3/go.mod h1:6/S63NMAhmncYT/1zIPDJkvCuZwMw+JnUuOfSPNazpo=
+tailscale.com v1.86.5 h1:yBtWFjuLYDmxVnfnvPbZNZcKADCYgNfMd0rUAOA9XCs=
+tailscale.com v1.86.5/go.mod h1:Lm8dnzU2i/Emw15r6sl3FRNp/liSQ/nYw6ZSQvIdZ1M=
 zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.2.0 h1:K29/IPjMniZfveYE+IRXfrl11tMzHkIPuyGrfVZ2fGo=
 zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:gyCeoLVo01QjDZynjime8xUGHHMbsLiPyUTBpDGd4Gk=
 zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1 h1:aXoADQAJmZDU3+xilYVut0pHhgc0sF8ZspPW9gFNwP4=
diff --git a/hscontrol/util/prompt.go b/hscontrol/util/prompt.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..098f1979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hscontrol/util/prompt.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// YesNo takes a question and prompts the user to answer the
+// question with a yes or no. It appends a [y/n] to the message.
+// The question is written to stderr so that content can be redirected
+// without interfering with the prompt.
+func YesNo(msg string) bool {
+	fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, msg+" [y/n] ")
+
+	var resp string
+	fmt.Scanln(&resp)
+	resp = strings.ToLower(resp)
+	switch resp {
+	case "y", "yes", "sure":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}



Test patch:
diff --git a/hscontrol/util/prompt_test.go b/hscontrol/util/prompt_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d726ec60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hscontrol/util/prompt_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestYesNo(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "y answer",
+			input:    "y\n",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Y answer",
+			input:    "Y\n",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "yes answer",
+			input:    "yes\n",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "YES answer",
+			input:    "YES\n",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "sure answer",
+			input:    "sure\n",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "SURE answer",
+			input:    "SURE\n",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "n answer",
+			input:    "n\n",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no answer",
+			input:    "no\n",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty answer",
+			input:    "\n",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "invalid answer",
+			input:    "maybe\n",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "random text",
+			input:    "foobar\n",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Capture stdin
+			oldStdin := os.Stdin
+			r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+			os.Stdin = r
+
+			// Capture stderr
+			oldStderr := os.Stderr
+			stderrR, stderrW, _ := os.Pipe()
+			os.Stderr = stderrW
+
+			// Write test input
+			go func() {
+				defer w.Close()
+				w.WriteString(tt.input)
+			}()
+
+			// Call the function
+			result := YesNo("Test question")
+
+			// Restore stdin and stderr
+			os.Stdin = oldStdin
+			os.Stderr = oldStderr
+			stderrW.Close()
+
+			// Check the result
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("YesNo() = %v, want %v", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+
+			// Check that the prompt was written to stderr
+			var stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
+			io.Copy(&stderrBuf, stderrR)
+			stderrR.Close()
+
+			expectedPrompt := "Test question [y/n] "
+			actualPrompt := stderrBuf.String()
+			if actualPrompt != expectedPrompt {
+				t.Errorf("Expected prompt %q, got %q", expectedPrompt, actualPrompt)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestYesNoPromptMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	// Capture stdin
+	oldStdin := os.Stdin
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdin = r
+
+	// Capture stderr
+	oldStderr := os.Stderr
+	stderrR, stderrW, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stderr = stderrW
+
+	// Write test input
+	go func() {
+		defer w.Close()
+		w.WriteString("n\n")
+	}()
+
+	// Call the function with a custom message
+	customMessage := "Do you want to continue with this dangerous operation?"
+	YesNo(customMessage)
+
+	// Restore stdin and stderr
+	os.Stdin = oldStdin
+	os.Stderr = oldStderr
+	stderrW.Close()
+
+	// Check that the custom message was included in the prompt
+	var stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
+	io.Copy(&stderrBuf, stderrR)
+	stderrR.Close()
+
+	expectedPrompt := customMessage + " [y/n] "
+	actualPrompt := stderrBuf.String()
+	if actualPrompt != expectedPrompt {
+		t.Errorf("Expected prompt %q, got %q", expectedPrompt, actualPrompt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestYesNoCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"y\n", true},
+		{"Y\n", true},
+		{"yes\n", true},
+		{"Yes\n", true},
+		{"YES\n", true},
+		{"yEs\n", true},
+		{"sure\n", true},
+		{"Sure\n", true},
+		{"SURE\n", true},
+		{"SuRe\n", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run("input_"+strings.TrimSpace(tc.input), func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Capture stdin
+			oldStdin := os.Stdin
+			r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+			os.Stdin = r
+
+			// Capture stderr to avoid output during tests
+			oldStderr := os.Stderr
+			stderrR, stderrW, _ := os.Pipe()
+			os.Stderr = stderrW
+
+			// Write test input
+			go func() {
+				defer w.Close()
+				w.WriteString(tc.input)
+			}()
+
+			// Call the function
+			result := YesNo("Test")
+
+			// Restore stdin and stderr
+			os.Stdin = oldStdin
+			os.Stderr = oldStderr
+			stderrW.Close()
+
+			// Drain stderr
+			io.Copy(io.Discard, stderrR)
+			stderrR.Close()
+
+			if result != tc.expected {
+				t.Errorf("Input %q: expected %v, got %v", strings.TrimSpace(tc.input), tc.expected, result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}