Repository: etcd-io/etcd

Issue:
robustness: reduce concurrency for HighTraffic scenario
### Which Github Action / Prow Jobs are flaking?

ci-etcd-robustness-main-amd64

### Which tests are flaking?

`TestRobustnessExploratoryKubernetesHighTrafficClusterOfSize1`

### Github Action / Prow Job link

https://prow.k8s.io/view/gs/kubernetes-jenkins/logs/ci-etcd-robustness-main-amd64/1803129487966081024

### Reason for failure (if possible)

Linearization validation is timing out! We should decrease the number of concurrent clients, you can see a lot of concurrent LISTs being issued:
<img width="1052" alt="Screenshot 2024-06-20 at 3 27 52 PM" src="https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/assets/12381034/fadc9dae-a2bd-4f1e-9cca-41d986cea3ae">



### Anything else we need to know?

Let's try changing concurrency to 10 here:
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/00a609751aba3e3e4c3a59b5eaa58297ed2e0b87/tests/robustness/traffic/traffic.go#L48

Hints from issue comments:
@fykaa: I understand that reducing the number of concurrent clients might help with the timeouts. I'm curious, though: Is there a specific reason we initially set the `ClientCount` to 12? Could there be potential trade-offs or impacts on the test coverage and robustness if we reduce it to 10? I'm keen to understand the broader context before making changes.@MadhavJivrajani: GREAT question @fykaa 💯

Here's my understanding of it, but I'll let @serathius chime in to provide additional context that I maybe missing. 

I think 12 was arbitrary, I don't recall there being a specific reason for it. 

I think wrt coverage we should be good in terms of the properties we want to test. It would've been a concern if we chose fail points at random per client, but we do that before we start simulating traffic, so we are good even in terms of the code we are hitting:

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/00a609751aba3e3e4c3a59b5eaa58297ed2e0b87/tests/robustness/main_test.go#L77

Having higher concurrency is beneficial because it can help us test more realistic and complex histories from a linearization perspective and how etcd handles the load, however if we can make do with 10 clients then that validation is also good enough. And plus the upside is we can get a clearer signal out of robustness tests if we can reduce the flake rate that happens because of this specific timeout. @fykaa: Thanks, @MadhavJivrajani! That makes a lot of sense. I appreciate the explanation about the trade-offs between higher concurrency and reducing flakiness.

Also, I am trying to understand, are there any other areas in the robustness tests where we might need to adjust configurations to balance between test coverage and reliability?@MadhavJivrajani: @fykaa these are most of the knobs that exist:
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/9314ef760d889dcca8eed16d4abc107e5d84daca/tests/robustness/traffic/traffic.go#L33-L51

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/9314ef760d889dcca8eed16d4abc107e5d84daca/tests/robustness/traffic/kubernetes.go#L35-L47

Feel free to assign the PR to me once you have it up. @serathius: Hey @MadhavJivrajani, I have been looking at the recent failures and found the reason for linearization for timeout. https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18214 should already help a lot (reduced linearization time from timeout to 15s on my machine). I also have a draft that should help reduce it back to 6s. If everything works well we might not need to reduce the concurrency at all.@serathius: Or based on the today's robustness test results I'm wrong. Sorry for confusion but results cannot be guaranteed until we make a change and wait a day for the CI to get confirmation.

Linearization timeout in CI in 2 tests on 5 minutes
https://prow.k8s.io/view/gs/kubernetes-jenkins/logs/ci-etcd-robustness-amd64/1805934408956383232

On my local machine it succeeded after 118s and 141s. Even with my latest ideas (https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/compare/main...serathius:etcd:robustness-history-patching) I only take improve the time for one of the cases (141s -> 1s). The other 118s is just lowered to 116s, which is still expected to timeout on CI :(

Based on the linearization results, I'm not surprized. Compaction caused watch events to not be delivered, so we don't know a lot of revisions.
![Selection_018](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/assets/5873433/e8c98db1-5698-48f0-af35-17250fec0f9d)
@serathius: Might try another approach with using full on etcd model to generate the revisions, I don't like the idea too much as if the model has a bug this will make it much harder to debug.@MadhavJivrajani: @serathius 

> full on etcd model to generate the revisions

Wouldn't this also increase the work porcupine has to do?

> model has a bug this will make it much harder to debug.

+1

@fykaa do you want to send in a PR? Maybe we can try letting that bake in the CI for a a couple of days to see how it works out and can then take a call based on if we should revert, keep it that way or change something. @serathius: One request, before me make changes in the concurrency I would like to remove all other flake sources. https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/18240

Then we can measure if we are happy with the timeout chance and if not reduce the concurrency.@fykaa: Thanks for the detailed insights, everyone! 

@MadhavJivrajani, I will go ahead and create a PR to reduce the client concurrency from 12 to 10 as discussed.

@serathius, I understand that other flake sources need to be addressed as well, I would raise the PR now, and once you've resolved the other flakes, we can re-run the tests to get a clearer picture of the impact?

Thanks again for all the guidance!@stale: This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed after 21 days if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.

Solution patch:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yaml b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
index e5df99731..1f8381408 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 8070dcf6f..9a0beb209 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@23acc5c183826b7a8a97bce3cecc52db901f8251 # v3.25.10
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
         with:
           # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
           # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ jobs:
       # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
       # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@23acc5c183826b7a8a97bce3cecc52db901f8251 # v3.25.10
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@23acc5c183826b7a8a97bce3cecc52db901f8251 # v3.25.10
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
diff --git a/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml b/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml
index 4c5a5adaf..078439777 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
index b8dd9bf30..93b6ab7ab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml
index 5cc67b06d..58d90612b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
index b6bdcd878..c9aa00e04 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
index a7659e101..83c7f37a4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
           GOARCH=amd64 CPU=4 make fuzz
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
         if: failure()
         with:
           path: "${{env.TARGET_PATH}}/testdata/fuzz/**/*"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gh-workflow-approve.yaml b/.github/workflows/gh-workflow-approve.yaml
index a13727a0a..1f9886376 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gh-workflow-approve.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gh-workflow-approve.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 name: Approve GitHub Workflows
+permissions: read-all
 
 on:
   pull_request_target:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml b/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index a09fe3645..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Go Vulnerability Checker
-on: [push, pull_request]
-permissions: read-all
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
-      - id: goversion
-        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
-        with:
-          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-      - run: date
-      - run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-
-          go install golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@latest
-
-          find -name go.mod -exec /bin/bash -c 'echo scanning $(dirname {}); govulncheck -C $(dirname {}) -show verbose ./...' \;
diff --git a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
index 36de20229..ba7a07d60 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/measure-testgrid-flakiness.yaml b/.github/workflows/measure-testgrid-flakiness.yaml
index f59d19a68..adcd336c0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/measure-testgrid-flakiness.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/measure-testgrid-flakiness.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yaml b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
index 16c0921cc..1060cb299 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - name: release
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           docker image save -o /tmp/etcd-img.tar gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd
       - name: upload-image
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
         with:
           name: etcd-img
           path: /tmp/etcd-img.tar
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: get-image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@65a9edc5881444af0b9093a5e628f2fe47ea3b2e # v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@fa0a91b85d4f404e444e00e005971372dc801d16 # v4.1.8
         with:
           name: etcd-img
           path: /tmp
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           docker load < /tmp/etcd-img.tar
       - name: trivy-scan
-        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@7c2007bcb556501da015201bcba5aa14069b74e2 # v0.23.0
+        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@6e7b7d1fd3e4fef0c5fa8cce1229c54b2c9bd0d8 # v0.24.0
         with:
           image-ref: 'gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd:v3.6.99-${{ matrix.platforms }}'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
           format: 'sarif'
           output: 'trivy-results-${{ matrix.platforms }}.sarif'
       - name: upload scan results
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@23acc5c183826b7a8a97bce3cecc52db901f8251 # v3.25.10
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-results-${{ matrix.platforms }}.sarif'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
index 5cc2a2498..6c6a698ec 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
 
       # Temporary monitoring to compare amd64 and arm64 runner performance
       # Refer: https://actuated.dev/blog/right-sizing-vms-github-actions
-      - uses: alexellis/setup-arkade@master
+      - uses: alexellis/setup-arkade@b1816384b2260cfd2c023c6798d26075786cfc7f # v3
       - name: Install vmmeter
         run: |
           sudo -E arkade oci install ghcr.io/openfaasltd/vmmeter:latest --path /usr/local/bin/
-      - uses: self-actuated/vmmeter-action@master
+      - uses: self-actuated/vmmeter-action@c7e2162e39294a810cab647cacc215ecd68a44f6 #v1
 
       - name: install-lazyfs
         if: ${{ inputs.lazyfsEnabled }}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
               exit 1
               ;;
           esac
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
         if: always()
         with:
           name: ${{ inputs.artifactName }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index 36577e760..20278a3e4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: "Run analysis"
-        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@dc50aa9510b46c811795eb24b2f1ba02a914e534 # v2.3.3
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@62b2cac7ed8198b15735ed49ab1e5cf35480ba46 # v2.4.0
         with:
           results_file: results.sarif
           results_format: sarif
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
       # format to the repository Actions tab.
       - name: "Upload artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
         with:
           name: SARIF file
           path: results.sarif
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@23acc5c183826b7a8a97bce3cecc52db901f8251 # v3.25.10
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
index 5d48eb4d4..b1ee6ab0b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - id: goversion
         run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
               exit 1
               ;;
           esac
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
         if: always()
         with:
           name: "${{ matrix.target }}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
index b6d743b23..3bf39ccb9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
@@ -3,11 +3,6 @@ name: Tests
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  amd64:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
-    with:
-      arch: amd64
-      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
   arm64:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
     with:
diff --git a/.go-version b/.go-version
index 2a0ba77cc..da9594fd6 100644
--- a/.go-version
+++ b/.go-version
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.22.4
+1.22.5
diff --git a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md
index ffbeb6381..6db91be08 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ Previous change logs can be found at [CHANGELOG-3.3](https://github.com/etcd-io/
 
 ## v3.4.34 (TBD)
 
+### Package clientv3
+- [Print gRPC metadata in guaranteed order using the official go fmt pkg](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18311).
+
+### Dependencies
+- Compile binaries using go [1.21.12](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18272).
+
 <hr>
 
 ## v3.4.33 (2024-06-13)
diff --git a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md
index b1273ccb9..8f0f1f6a3 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md
@@ -4,14 +4,23 @@ Previous change logs can be found at [CHANGELOG-3.4](https://github.com/etcd-io/
 
 <hr>
 
-## v3.5.15 (TBD)
+## v3.5.16 (TBC)
+
+<hr>
+
+## v3.5.15 (2024-07-19)
 
 ### etcd server
 - Fix [add prometheus metric registration for metric `etcd_disk_wal_write_duration_seconds`](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18174).
 - Add [Support multiple values for allowed client and peer TLS identities](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18160)
+- Fix [noisy logs from simple auth token expiration by reducing log level to debug](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18245)
+- [Differentiate the warning message for rejected client and peer connections](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18319)
+
+### Package clientv3
+- [Print gRPC metadata in guaranteed order using the official go fmt pkg](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18312).
 
 ### Dependencies
-- Compile binaries using [go 1.21.11](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18129).
+- Compile binaries using [go 1.21.12](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18271).
 - [Fully address CVE-2023-45288 and fix govulncheck CI check](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18170)
 
 ## v3.5.14 (2024-05-29)
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index de2cc98cf..14a489465 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ARG ARCH=amd64
-FROM --platform=linux/${ARCH} gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12@sha256:41972110a1c1a5c0b6adb283e8aa092c43c31f7c5d79b8656fbffff2c3e61f05
+FROM --platform=linux/${ARCH} gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12@sha256:ce46866b3a5170db3b49364900fb3168dc0833dfb46c26da5c77f22abb01d8c3
 
 ADD etcd /usr/local/bin/
 ADD etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
diff --git a/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md b/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md
index 138fa2a74..d2bf1b31b 100644
--- a/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md
+++ b/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ which don't need to be executed before releasing each version.
 4. Authenticate the image registry, refer to [Authentication methods](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/advanced-authentication).
    - `gcloud auth login`
    - `gcloud auth configure-docker`
+5. Ensure there is at least 500MB of free space on your Linux machine.
 
 ### Release steps
 
@@ -79,13 +80,14 @@ which don't need to be executed before releasing each version.
    under project `etcd-development`, and images are pushed to `quay.io` and `gcr.io`.
 5. Publish the release page on GitHub
    - Set the release title as the version name
+   - Choose the correct release tag (generated from step #4)
    - Follow the format of previous release pages
    - Attach the generated binaries and signature file
    - Select whether it's a pre-release
    - Publish the release
 6. Announce to the etcd-dev googlegroup
 
-   Follow the format of previous release emails sent to etcd-dev@googlegroups.com, see an example below,
+   Follow the format of previous release emails sent to etcd-dev@googlegroups.com, see an example below. After sending out the email, ask one of the mailing list maintainers to approve the email from the pending list.
 ```
 Hello,
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f783fa0fb..eefafb9b9 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 [![Godoc](http://img.shields.io/badge/go-documentation-blue.svg?style=flat-square)](https://godoc.org/github.com/etcd-io/etcd)
 [![Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/release/etcd-io/etcd/all.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases)
 [![LICENSE](https://img.shields.io/github/license/etcd-io/etcd.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/LICENSE)
-[![OpenSSF Scorecard](https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/etcd-io/etcd/badge)](https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/etcd-io/etcd)
+[![OpenSSF Scorecard](https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/etcd-io/etcd/badge)](https://scorecard.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/etcd-io/etcd)
 <a href="https://actuated.dev/"><img alt="Arm CI sponsored by Actuated" src="https://docs.actuated.dev/images/actuated-badge.png" width="120px"></img></a>
 
 **Note**: The `main` branch may be in an *unstable or even broken state* during development. For stable versions, see [releases][github-release].
diff --git a/api/etcdserverpb/gw/rpc.pb.gw.go b/api/etcdserverpb/gw/rpc.pb.gw.go
index 38f3ddf98..6f7b578f5 100644
--- a/api/etcdserverpb/gw/rpc.pb.gw.go
+++ b/api/etcdserverpb/gw/rpc.pb.gw.go
@@ -1211,6 +1211,7 @@ func local_request_Auth_RoleRevokePermission_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler ru
 // UnaryRPC     :call etcdserverpb.KVServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterKVHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterKVHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server etcdserverpb.KVServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_KV_Range_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -1345,6 +1346,7 @@ func RegisterKVHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server
 // UnaryRPC     :call etcdserverpb.WatchServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterWatchHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterWatchHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server etcdserverpb.WatchServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Watch_Watch_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -1361,6 +1363,7 @@ func RegisterWatchHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, serv
 // UnaryRPC     :call etcdserverpb.LeaseServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterLeaseHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterLeaseHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server etcdserverpb.LeaseServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Lease_LeaseGrant_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -1552,6 +1555,7 @@ func RegisterLeaseHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, serv
 // UnaryRPC     :call etcdserverpb.ClusterServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterClusterHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterClusterHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server etcdserverpb.ClusterServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Cluster_MemberAdd_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -1686,6 +1690,7 @@ func RegisterClusterHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, se
 // UnaryRPC     :call etcdserverpb.MaintenanceServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterMaintenanceHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterMaintenanceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server etcdserverpb.MaintenanceServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Maintenance_Alarm_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -1877,6 +1882,7 @@ func RegisterMaintenanceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux
 // UnaryRPC     :call etcdserverpb.AuthServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterAuthHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterAuthHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server etcdserverpb.AuthServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Auth_AuthEnable_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -2342,7 +2348,7 @@ func RegisterKVHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *grpc.Cl
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "KVClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "KVClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "KVClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "KVClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterKVHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client etcdserverpb.KVClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_KV_Range_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -2517,7 +2523,7 @@ func RegisterWatchHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *grpc
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "WatchClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "WatchClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "WatchClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "WatchClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterWatchHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client etcdserverpb.WatchClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Watch_Watch_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -2591,7 +2597,7 @@ func RegisterLeaseHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *grpc
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "LeaseClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "LeaseClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "LeaseClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "LeaseClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterLeaseHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client etcdserverpb.LeaseClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Lease_LeaseGrant_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -2847,7 +2853,7 @@ func RegisterClusterHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *gr
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "ClusterClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "ClusterClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "ClusterClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "ClusterClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterClusterHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client etcdserverpb.ClusterClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Cluster_MemberAdd_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -3022,7 +3028,7 @@ func RegisterMaintenanceHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "MaintenanceClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "MaintenanceClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "MaintenanceClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "MaintenanceClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterMaintenanceHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client etcdserverpb.MaintenanceClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Maintenance_Alarm_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -3278,7 +3284,7 @@ func RegisterAuthHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *grpc.
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "AuthClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "AuthClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "AuthClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "AuthClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterAuthHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client etcdserverpb.AuthClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Auth_AuthEnable_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
diff --git a/api/go.mod b/api/go.mod
index 080c0060e..0cb2f99d2 100644
--- a/api/go.mod
+++ b/api/go.mod
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 )
 
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
 
diff --git a/api/go.sum b/api/go.sum
index db34d005e..4d7d1f5cb 100644
--- a/api/go.sum
+++ b/api/go.sum
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 h1:cWPaGQEPrBb5/AsnsZesgZZ9yb1OQ+GOISoDNXVBh4M=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0/go.mod h1:ddIwULY96R17DhadqLgMfk9H9tvdUzkipdSkR5nkCZA=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
@@ -34,16 +34,16 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/bill-of-materials.json b/bill-of-materials.json
index 6ee3d36af..4e4579d79 100644
--- a/bill-of-materials.json
+++ b/bill-of-materials.json
@@ -188,6 +188,15 @@
 			}
 		]
 	},
+	{
+		"project": "github.com/google/uuid",
+		"licenses": [
+			{
+				"type": "BSD 3-clause \"New\" or \"Revised\" License",
+				"confidence": 0.9663865546218487
+			}
+		]
+	},
 	{
 		"project": "github.com/gorilla/websocket",
 		"licenses": [
@@ -269,6 +278,15 @@
 			}
 		]
 	},
+	{
+		"project": "github.com/munnerz/goautoneg",
+		"licenses": [
+			{
+				"type": "BSD 3-clause \"New\" or \"Revised\" License",
+				"confidence": 0.9794238683127572
+			}
+		]
+	},
 	{
 		"project": "github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter",
 		"licenses": [
diff --git a/client/internal/v2/go.mod b/client/internal/v2/go.mod
index b236ad748..d14ada084 100644
--- a/client/internal/v2/go.mod
+++ b/client/internal/v2/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
 
diff --git a/client/internal/v2/go.sum b/client/internal/v2/go.sum
index 0e528c86c..68402500e 100644
--- a/client/internal/v2/go.sum
+++ b/client/internal/v2/go.sum
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1/go.mod h1:irMmmIw/7yzSRPWryHsK7EYSg09caPQL03VsM8rvUec=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1 h1:Fmg33tUaq4/8ym9TJN1x7sLJnHVwhP33CNkpYV/7rwI=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
-github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
-github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/client/pkg/fileutil/purge.go b/client/pkg/fileutil/purge.go
index b314e068f..026ea0323 100644
--- a/client/pkg/fileutil/purge.go
+++ b/client/pkg/fileutil/purge.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ package fileutil
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -58,21 +57,14 @@ func purgeFile(lg *zap.Logger, dirname string, suffix string, max uint, interval
 			defer close(donec)
 		}
 		for {
-			fnames, err := ReadDir(dirname)
+			fnamesWithSuffix, err := readDirWithSuffix(dirname, suffix)
 			if err != nil {
 				errC <- err
 				return
 			}
-			newfnames := make([]string, 0)
-			for _, fname := range fnames {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(fname, suffix) {
-					newfnames = append(newfnames, fname)
-				}
-			}
-			sort.Strings(newfnames)
-			fnames = newfnames
-			for len(newfnames) > int(max) {
-				f := filepath.Join(dirname, newfnames[0])
+			nPurged := 0
+			for nPurged < len(fnamesWithSuffix)-int(max) {
+				f := filepath.Join(dirname, fnamesWithSuffix[nPurged])
 				var l *LockedFile
 				if flock {
 					l, err = TryLockFile(f, os.O_WRONLY, PrivateFileMode)
@@ -94,11 +86,12 @@ func purgeFile(lg *zap.Logger, dirname string, suffix string, max uint, interval
 					}
 				}
 				lg.Info("purged", zap.String("path", f))
-				newfnames = newfnames[1:]
+				nPurged++
 			}
+
 			if purgec != nil {
-				for i := 0; i < len(fnames)-len(newfnames); i++ {
-					purgec <- fnames[i]
+				for i := 0; i < nPurged; i++ {
+					purgec <- fnamesWithSuffix[i]
 				}
 			}
 			select {
@@ -110,3 +103,18 @@ func purgeFile(lg *zap.Logger, dirname string, suffix string, max uint, interval
 	}()
 	return errC
 }
+
+func readDirWithSuffix(dirname string, suffix string) ([]string, error) {
+	fnames, err := ReadDir(dirname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// filter in place (ref. https://go.dev/wiki/SliceTricks#filtering-without-allocating)
+	fnamesWithSuffix := fnames[:0]
+	for _, fname := range fnames {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(fname, suffix) {
+			fnamesWithSuffix = append(fnamesWithSuffix, fname)
+		}
+	}
+	return fnamesWithSuffix, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/pkg/go.mod b/client/pkg/go.mod
index 94f202394..972b5e21f 100644
--- a/client/pkg/go.mod
+++ b/client/pkg/go.mod
@@ -2,18 +2,21 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/client/pkg/go.sum b/client/pkg/go.sum
index 4e0940a1b..f0c3d875d 100644
--- a/client/pkg/go.sum
+++ b/client/pkg/go.sum
@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
+github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
+github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
+github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
@@ -13,9 +25,10 @@ go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
diff --git a/client/v3/auth.go b/client/v3/auth.go
index ae85ec9a9..382172b21 100644
--- a/client/v3/auth.go
+++ b/client/v3/auth.go
@@ -135,67 +135,67 @@ func NewAuthFromAuthClient(remote pb.AuthClient, c *Client) Auth {
 
 func (auth *authClient) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, name string, password string) (*AuthenticateResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.Authenticate(ctx, &pb.AuthenticateRequest{Name: name, Password: password}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthenticateResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthenticateResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) AuthEnable(ctx context.Context) (*AuthEnableResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.AuthEnable(ctx, &pb.AuthEnableRequest{}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthEnableResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthEnableResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) AuthDisable(ctx context.Context) (*AuthDisableResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.AuthDisable(ctx, &pb.AuthDisableRequest{}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthDisableResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthDisableResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) AuthStatus(ctx context.Context) (*AuthStatusResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.AuthStatus(ctx, &pb.AuthStatusRequest{}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthStatusResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthStatusResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserAdd(ctx context.Context, name string, password string) (*AuthUserAddResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserAdd(ctx, &pb.AuthUserAddRequest{Name: name, Password: password, Options: &authpb.UserAddOptions{NoPassword: false}}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserAddResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserAddResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserAddWithOptions(ctx context.Context, name string, password string, options *UserAddOptions) (*AuthUserAddResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserAdd(ctx, &pb.AuthUserAddRequest{Name: name, Password: password, Options: (*authpb.UserAddOptions)(options)}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserAddResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserAddResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserDelete(ctx context.Context, name string) (*AuthUserDeleteResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserDelete(ctx, &pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest{Name: name}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserDeleteResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserDeleteResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserChangePassword(ctx context.Context, name string, password string) (*AuthUserChangePasswordResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserChangePassword(ctx, &pb.AuthUserChangePasswordRequest{Name: name, Password: password}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserChangePasswordResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserChangePasswordResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserGrantRole(ctx context.Context, user string, role string) (*AuthUserGrantRoleResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserGrantRole(ctx, &pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest{User: user, Role: role}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserGrantRoleResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserGrantRoleResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserGet(ctx context.Context, name string) (*AuthUserGetResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserGet(ctx, &pb.AuthUserGetRequest{Name: name}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserGetResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserGetResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserList(ctx context.Context) (*AuthUserListResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserList(ctx, &pb.AuthUserListRequest{}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserListResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserListResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) UserRevokeRole(ctx context.Context, name string, role string) (*AuthUserRevokeRoleResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.UserRevokeRole(ctx, &pb.AuthUserRevokeRoleRequest{Name: name, Role: role}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthUserRevokeRoleResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthUserRevokeRoleResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) RoleAdd(ctx context.Context, name string) (*AuthRoleAddResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.RoleAdd(ctx, &pb.AuthRoleAddRequest{Name: name}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthRoleAddResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthRoleAddResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) RoleGrantPermission(ctx context.Context, name string, key, rangeEnd string, permType PermissionType) (*AuthRoleGrantPermissionResponse, error) {
@@ -205,27 +205,27 @@ func (auth *authClient) RoleGrantPermission(ctx context.Context, name string, ke
 		PermType: authpb.Permission_Type(permType),
 	}
 	resp, err := auth.remote.RoleGrantPermission(ctx, &pb.AuthRoleGrantPermissionRequest{Name: name, Perm: perm}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthRoleGrantPermissionResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthRoleGrantPermissionResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) RoleGet(ctx context.Context, role string) (*AuthRoleGetResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.RoleGet(ctx, &pb.AuthRoleGetRequest{Role: role}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthRoleGetResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthRoleGetResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) RoleList(ctx context.Context) (*AuthRoleListResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.RoleList(ctx, &pb.AuthRoleListRequest{}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthRoleListResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthRoleListResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) RoleRevokePermission(ctx context.Context, role string, key, rangeEnd string) (*AuthRoleRevokePermissionResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.RoleRevokePermission(ctx, &pb.AuthRoleRevokePermissionRequest{Role: role, Key: []byte(key), RangeEnd: []byte(rangeEnd)}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthRoleRevokePermissionResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthRoleRevokePermissionResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (auth *authClient) RoleDelete(ctx context.Context, role string) (*AuthRoleDeleteResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := auth.remote.RoleDelete(ctx, &pb.AuthRoleDeleteRequest{Role: role}, auth.callOpts...)
-	return (*AuthRoleDeleteResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*AuthRoleDeleteResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func StrToPermissionType(s string) (PermissionType, error) {
diff --git a/client/v3/client.go b/client/v3/client.go
index 79654db9b..8789acb38 100644
--- a/client/v3/client.go
+++ b/client/v3/client.go
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func (c *Client) Close() error {
 		c.Lease.Close()
 	}
 	if c.conn != nil {
-		return toErr(c.ctx, c.conn.Close())
+		return ContextError(c.ctx, c.conn.Close())
 	}
 	return c.ctx.Err()
 }
@@ -598,7 +598,9 @@ func isUnavailableErr(ctx context.Context, err error) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func toErr(ctx context.Context, err error) error {
+// ContextError converts the error into an EtcdError if the error message matches one of
+// the defined messages; otherwise, it tries to retrieve the context error.
+func ContextError(ctx context.Context, err error) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
diff --git a/client/v3/cluster.go b/client/v3/cluster.go
index faab2a1ad..1b7e83375 100644
--- a/client/v3/cluster.go
+++ b/client/v3/cluster.go
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func (c *cluster) memberAdd(ctx context.Context, peerAddrs []string, isLearner b
 	}
 	resp, err := c.remote.MemberAdd(ctx, r, c.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*MemberAddResponse)(resp), nil
 }
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (c *cluster) MemberRemove(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*MemberRemoveRes
 	r := &pb.MemberRemoveRequest{ID: id}
 	resp, err := c.remote.MemberRemove(ctx, r, c.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*MemberRemoveResponse)(resp), nil
 }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (c *cluster) MemberUpdate(ctx context.Context, id uint64, peerAddrs []strin
 	if err == nil {
 		return (*MemberUpdateResponse)(resp), nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (c *cluster) MemberList(ctx context.Context, opts ...OpOption) (*MemberListResponse, error) {
@@ -128,14 +128,14 @@ func (c *cluster) MemberList(ctx context.Context, opts ...OpOption) (*MemberList
 	if err == nil {
 		return (*MemberListResponse)(resp), nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (c *cluster) MemberPromote(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*MemberPromoteResponse, error) {
 	r := &pb.MemberPromoteRequest{ID: id}
 	resp, err := c.remote.MemberPromote(ctx, r, c.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*MemberPromoteResponse)(resp), nil
 }
diff --git a/client/v3/go.mod b/client/v3/go.mod
index fcf68278d..1a167dbcc 100644
--- a/client/v3/go.mod
+++ b/client/v3/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
@@ -13,28 +13,29 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/client/v3/go.sum b/client/v3/go.sum
index 62a7352c9..67a9373f7 100644
--- a/client/v3/go.sum
+++ b/client/v3/go.sum
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr4=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1/go.mod h1:irMmmIw/7yzSRPWryHsK7EYSg09caPQL03VsM8rvUec=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
@@ -20,26 +20,28 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92BcuyuQ/YW4NSIpoGtfXNho=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 h1:wZWJDwK+NameRJuPGDhlnFgx8e8HN3XHQeLaYJFJBOE=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJLZUq1hoULYBAYBw1Ho=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 h1:cWPaGQEPrBb5/AsnsZesgZZ9yb1OQ+GOISoDNXVBh4M=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0/go.mod h1:ddIwULY96R17DhadqLgMfk9H9tvdUzkipdSkR5nkCZA=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
@@ -59,16 +61,16 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -81,12 +83,12 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/client/v3/kubernetes/client.go b/client/v3/kubernetes/client.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ca0e5fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/v3/kubernetes/client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	pb "go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/mvccpb"
+	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+)
+
+// New creates Client from config.
+// Caller is responsible to call Close() to clean up client.
+func New(cfg clientv3.Config) (*Client, error) {
+	c, err := clientv3.New(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kc := &Client{
+		Client: c,
+		kv:     clientv3.RetryKVClient(c),
+	}
+	kc.Kubernetes = kc
+	return kc, nil
+}
+
+type Client struct {
+	*clientv3.Client
+	Kubernetes Interface
+	kv         pb.KVClient
+}
+
+var _ Interface = (*Client)(nil)
+
+func (k Client) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts GetOptions) (resp GetResponse, err error) {
+	rangeResp, err := k.kv.Range(ctx, getRequest(key, opts.Revision))
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, clientv3.ContextError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	resp.Revision = rangeResp.Header.Revision
+	if len(rangeResp.Kvs) == 1 {
+		resp.KV = rangeResp.Kvs[0]
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (k Client) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string, opts ListOptions) (resp ListResponse, err error) {
+	rangeStart := prefix + opts.Continue
+	rangeEnd := clientv3.GetPrefixRangeEnd(prefix)
+
+	rangeResp, err := k.kv.Range(ctx, &pb.RangeRequest{
+		Key:      []byte(rangeStart),
+		RangeEnd: []byte(rangeEnd),
+		Limit:    opts.Limit,
+		Revision: opts.Revision,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, clientv3.ContextError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	resp.Kvs = rangeResp.Kvs
+	resp.Count = rangeResp.Count
+	resp.Revision = rangeResp.Header.Revision
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (k Client) Count(ctx context.Context, prefix string, _ CountOptions) (int64, error) {
+	resp, err := k.kv.Range(ctx, &pb.RangeRequest{
+		Key:       []byte(prefix),
+		RangeEnd:  []byte(clientv3.GetPrefixRangeEnd(prefix)),
+		CountOnly: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, clientv3.ContextError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	return resp.Count, nil
+}
+
+func (k Client) OptimisticPut(ctx context.Context, key string, value []byte, expectedRevision int64, opts PutOptions) (resp PutResponse, err error) {
+	onSuccess := &pb.RequestOp{Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestPut{RequestPut: &pb.PutRequest{Key: []byte(key), Value: value, Lease: int64(opts.LeaseID)}}}
+
+	var onFailure *pb.RequestOp
+	if opts.GetOnFailure {
+		onFailure = &pb.RequestOp{Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestRange{RequestRange: getRequest(key, 0)}}
+	}
+
+	txnResp, err := k.optimisticTxn(ctx, key, expectedRevision, onSuccess, onFailure)
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, clientv3.ContextError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	resp.Succeeded = txnResp.Succeeded
+	resp.Revision = txnResp.Header.Revision
+	if opts.GetOnFailure && !txnResp.Succeeded {
+		resp.KV = kvFromTxnResponse(txnResp.Responses[0])
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (k Client) OptimisticDelete(ctx context.Context, key string, expectedRevision int64, opts DeleteOptions) (resp DeleteResponse, err error) {
+	onSuccess := &pb.RequestOp{Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestDeleteRange{RequestDeleteRange: &pb.DeleteRangeRequest{Key: []byte(key)}}}
+
+	var onFailure *pb.RequestOp
+	if opts.GetOnFailure {
+		onFailure = &pb.RequestOp{Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestRange{RequestRange: getRequest(key, 0)}}
+	}
+
+	txnResp, err := k.optimisticTxn(ctx, key, expectedRevision, onSuccess, onFailure)
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, clientv3.ContextError(ctx, err)
+	}
+	resp.Succeeded = txnResp.Succeeded
+	resp.Revision = txnResp.Header.Revision
+	if opts.GetOnFailure && !txnResp.Succeeded {
+		resp.KV = kvFromTxnResponse(txnResp.Responses[0])
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (k Client) optimisticTxn(ctx context.Context, key string, expectedRevision int64, onSuccess, onFailure *pb.RequestOp) (*pb.TxnResponse, error) {
+	txn := &pb.TxnRequest{
+		Compare: []*pb.Compare{
+			{
+				Result:      pb.Compare_EQUAL,
+				Target:      pb.Compare_MOD,
+				Key:         []byte(key),
+				TargetUnion: &pb.Compare_ModRevision{ModRevision: expectedRevision},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if onSuccess != nil {
+		txn.Success = []*pb.RequestOp{onSuccess}
+	}
+	if onFailure != nil {
+		txn.Failure = []*pb.RequestOp{onFailure}
+	}
+	return k.kv.Txn(ctx, txn)
+}
+
+func getRequest(key string, revision int64) *pb.RangeRequest {
+	return &pb.RangeRequest{
+		Key:      []byte(key),
+		Revision: revision,
+		Limit:    1,
+	}
+}
+
+func kvFromTxnResponse(resp *pb.ResponseOp) *mvccpb.KeyValue {
+	getResponse := resp.GetResponseRange()
+	if len(getResponse.Kvs) == 1 {
+		return getResponse.Kvs[0]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/v3/kubernetes/interface.go b/client/v3/kubernetes/interface.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19b82a629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/v3/kubernetes/interface.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/mvccpb"
+	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+)
+
+// Interface defines the minimal client-side interface that Kubernetes requires
+// to interact with etcd. Methods below are standard etcd operations with
+// semantics adjusted to better suit Kubernetes' needs.
+type Interface interface {
+	// Get retrieves a single key-value pair from etcd.
+	//
+	// If opts.Revision is set to a non-zero value, the key-value pair is retrieved at the specified revision.
+	// If the required revision has been compacted, the request will fail with ErrCompacted.
+	Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts GetOptions) (GetResponse, error)
+
+	// List retrieves key-value pairs with the specified prefix, ordered lexicographically by key.
+	//
+	// If opts.Revision is non-zero, the key-value pairs are retrieved at the specified revision.
+	// If the required revision has been compacted, the request will fail with ErrCompacted.
+	// If opts.Limit is greater than zero, the number of returned key-value pairs is bounded by the limit.
+	// If opts.Continue is not empty, the listing will start from the key immediately after the one specified by Continue.
+	// The Continue value should be the last key returned in a previous paginated ListResponse.
+	List(ctx context.Context, prefix string, opts ListOptions) (ListResponse, error)
+
+	// Count returns the number of keys with the specified prefix.
+	//
+	// Currently, there are no options for the Count operation. However, a placeholder options struct (CountOptions)
+	// is provided for future extensibility in case options become necessary.
+	Count(ctx context.Context, prefix string, opts CountOptions) (int64, error)
+
+	// OptimisticPut creates or updates a key-value pair if the key has not been modified or created
+	// since the revision specified in expectedRevision.
+	//
+	// An OptimisticPut fails if the key has been modified since expectedRevision.
+	OptimisticPut(ctx context.Context, key string, value []byte, expectedRevision int64, opts PutOptions) (PutResponse, error)
+
+	// OptimisticDelete deletes the key-value pair if it hasn't been modified since the revision
+	// specified in expectedRevision.
+	//
+	// An OptimisticDelete fails if the key has been modified since expectedRevision.
+	OptimisticDelete(ctx context.Context, key string, expectedRevision int64, opts DeleteOptions) (DeleteResponse, error)
+}
+
+type GetOptions struct {
+	// Revision is the point-in-time of the etcd key-value store to use for the Get operation.
+	// If Revision is 0, it gets the latest value.
+	Revision int64
+}
+
+type ListOptions struct {
+	// Revision is the point-in-time of the etcd key-value store to use for the List operation.
+	// If Revision is 0, it gets the latest values.
+	Revision int64
+
+	// Limit is the maximum number of keys to return for a List operation.
+	// 0 means no limitation.
+	Limit int64
+
+	// Continue is a key from which to resume the List operation, excluding the given key.
+	// It should be set to the last key from a previous ListResponse when paginating.
+	Continue string
+}
+
+// CountOptions is a placeholder for potential future options for the Count operation.
+type CountOptions struct{}
+
+type PutOptions struct {
+	// GetOnFailure specifies whether to return the modified key-value pair if the Put operation fails due to a revision mismatch.
+	GetOnFailure bool
+
+	// LeaseID is the ID of a lease to associate with the key allowing for automatic deletion after lease expires after it's TTL (time to live).
+	// Deprecated: Should be replaced with TTL when Interface starts using one lease per object.
+	LeaseID clientv3.LeaseID
+}
+
+type DeleteOptions struct {
+	// GetOnFailure specifies whether to return the modified key-value pair if the Delete operation fails due to a revision mismatch.
+	GetOnFailure bool
+}
+
+type GetResponse struct {
+	// KV is the key-value pair retrieved from etcd.
+	KV *mvccpb.KeyValue
+
+	// Revision is the revision of the key-value store at the time of the Get operation.
+	Revision int64
+}
+
+type ListResponse struct {
+	// Kvs is the list of key-value pairs retrieved from etcd, ordered lexicographically by key.
+	Kvs []*mvccpb.KeyValue
+
+	// Count is the total number of keys with the specified prefix, even if not all were returned due to a limit.
+	Count int64
+
+	// Revision is the revision of the key-value store at the time of the List operation.
+	Revision int64
+}
+
+type PutResponse struct {
+	// KV is the created or updated key-value pair. If the Put operation failed and GetOnFailure was true, this
+	// will be the modified key-value pair that caused the failure.
+	KV *mvccpb.KeyValue
+
+	// Succeeded indicates whether the Put operation was successful.
+	Succeeded bool
+
+	// Revision is the revision of the key-value store after the Put operation.
+	Revision int64
+}
+
+type DeleteResponse struct {
+	// KV is the deleted key-value pair. If the Delete operation failed and GetOnFailure was true, this
+	// will be the modified key-value pair that caused the failure.
+	KV *mvccpb.KeyValue
+
+	// Succeeded indicates whether the Delete operation was successful.
+	Succeeded bool
+
+	// Revision is the revision of the key-value store after the Delete operation.
+	Revision int64
+}
diff --git a/client/v3/kv.go b/client/v3/kv.go
index f50f9595c..8fa8d56c2 100644
--- a/client/v3/kv.go
+++ b/client/v3/kv.go
@@ -113,23 +113,23 @@ func NewKVFromKVClient(remote pb.KVClient, c *Client) KV {
 
 func (kv *kv) Put(ctx context.Context, key, val string, opts ...OpOption) (*PutResponse, error) {
 	r, err := kv.Do(ctx, OpPut(key, val, opts...))
-	return r.put, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return r.put, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (kv *kv) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...OpOption) (*GetResponse, error) {
 	r, err := kv.Do(ctx, OpGet(key, opts...))
-	return r.get, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return r.get, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (kv *kv) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...OpOption) (*DeleteResponse, error) {
 	r, err := kv.Do(ctx, OpDelete(key, opts...))
-	return r.del, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return r.del, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (kv *kv) Compact(ctx context.Context, rev int64, opts ...CompactOption) (*CompactResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := kv.remote.Compact(ctx, OpCompact(rev, opts...).toRequest(), kv.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*CompactResponse)(resp), err
 }
@@ -178,5 +178,5 @@ func (kv *kv) Do(ctx context.Context, op Op) (OpResponse, error) {
 	default:
 		panic("Unknown op")
 	}
-	return OpResponse{}, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return OpResponse{}, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
diff --git a/client/v3/lease.go b/client/v3/lease.go
index bd067c630..0f0c57a95 100644
--- a/client/v3/lease.go
+++ b/client/v3/lease.go
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func (l *lessor) Grant(ctx context.Context, ttl int64) (*LeaseGrantResponse, err
 		}
 		return gresp, nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (l *lessor) Revoke(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (*LeaseRevokeResponse, error) {
@@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ func (l *lessor) Revoke(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (*LeaseRevokeResponse,
 	if err == nil {
 		return (*LeaseRevokeResponse)(resp), nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (l *lessor) TimeToLive(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID, opts ...LeaseOption) (*LeaseTimeToLiveResponse, error) {
 	r := toLeaseTimeToLiveRequest(id, opts...)
 	resp, err := l.remote.LeaseTimeToLive(ctx, r, l.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	gresp := &LeaseTimeToLiveResponse{
 		ResponseHeader: resp.GetHeader(),
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func (l *lessor) Leases(ctx context.Context) (*LeaseLeasesResponse, error) {
 		}
 		return &LeaseLeasesResponse{ResponseHeader: resp.GetHeader(), Leases: leases}, nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (l *lessor) KeepAlive(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (<-chan *LeaseKeepAliveResponse, error) {
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func (l *lessor) KeepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (*LeaseKeepAlive
 			return resp, err
 		}
 		if isHaltErr(ctx, err) {
-			return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+			return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -405,13 +405,13 @@ func (l *lessor) keepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (karesp *LeaseKe
 
 	stream, err := l.remote.LeaseKeepAlive(cctx, l.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 
 	defer func() {
 		if cerr := stream.CloseSend(); cerr != nil {
 			if ferr == nil {
-				ferr = toErr(ctx, cerr)
+				ferr = ContextError(ctx, cerr)
 			}
 			return
 		}
@@ -419,12 +419,12 @@ func (l *lessor) keepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (karesp *LeaseKe
 
 	err = stream.Send(&pb.LeaseKeepAliveRequest{ID: int64(id)})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 
 	resp, rerr := stream.Recv()
 	if rerr != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, rerr)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, rerr)
 	}
 
 	karesp = &LeaseKeepAliveResponse{
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ func (l *lessor) recvKeepAliveLoop() (gerr error) {
 						return err
 					}
 
-					if toErr(l.stopCtx, err) == rpctypes.ErrNoLeader {
+					if ContextError(l.stopCtx, err) == rpctypes.ErrNoLeader {
 						l.closeRequireLeader()
 					}
 					break
diff --git a/client/v3/maintenance.go b/client/v3/maintenance.go
index d8cd13717..f290f7ce1 100644
--- a/client/v3/maintenance.go
+++ b/client/v3/maintenance.go
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (m *maintenance) AlarmList(ctx context.Context) (*AlarmResponse, error) {
 	if err == nil {
 		return (*AlarmResponse)(resp), nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (m *maintenance) AlarmDisarm(ctx context.Context, am *AlarmMember) (*AlarmResponse, error) {
@@ -168,13 +168,13 @@ func (m *maintenance) AlarmDisarm(ctx context.Context, am *AlarmMember) (*AlarmR
 	if req.MemberID == 0 && req.Alarm == pb.AlarmType_NONE {
 		ar, err := m.AlarmList(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+			return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 		}
 		ret := AlarmResponse{}
 		for _, am := range ar.Alarms {
 			dresp, derr := m.AlarmDisarm(ctx, (*AlarmMember)(am))
 			if derr != nil {
-				return nil, toErr(ctx, derr)
+				return nil, ContextError(ctx, derr)
 			}
 			ret.Alarms = append(ret.Alarms, dresp.Alarms...)
 		}
@@ -185,18 +185,18 @@ func (m *maintenance) AlarmDisarm(ctx context.Context, am *AlarmMember) (*AlarmR
 	if err == nil {
 		return (*AlarmResponse)(resp), nil
 	}
-	return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+	return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (m *maintenance) Defragment(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (*DefragmentResponse, error) {
 	remote, cancel, err := m.dial(endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	defer cancel()
 	resp, err := remote.Defragment(ctx, &pb.DefragmentRequest{}, m.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*DefragmentResponse)(resp), nil
 }
@@ -204,12 +204,12 @@ func (m *maintenance) Defragment(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (*Defragm
 func (m *maintenance) Status(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (*StatusResponse, error) {
 	remote, cancel, err := m.dial(endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	defer cancel()
 	resp, err := remote.Status(ctx, &pb.StatusRequest{}, m.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*StatusResponse)(resp), nil
 }
@@ -218,12 +218,12 @@ func (m *maintenance) HashKV(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, rev int64) (*
 	remote, cancel, err := m.dial(endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	defer cancel()
 	resp, err := remote.HashKV(ctx, &pb.HashKVRequest{Revision: rev}, m.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*HashKVResponse)(resp), nil
 }
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func (m *maintenance) HashKV(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, rev int64) (*
 func (m *maintenance) SnapshotWithVersion(ctx context.Context) (*SnapshotResponse, error) {
 	ss, err := m.remote.Snapshot(ctx, &pb.SnapshotRequest{}, append(m.callOpts, withMax(defaultStreamMaxRetries))...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 
 	m.lg.Info("opened snapshot stream; downloading")
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ func (m *maintenance) SnapshotWithVersion(ctx context.Context) (*SnapshotRespons
 func (m *maintenance) Snapshot(ctx context.Context) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
 	ss, err := m.remote.Snapshot(ctx, &pb.SnapshotRequest{}, append(m.callOpts, withMax(defaultStreamMaxRetries))...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(ctx, err)
 	}
 
 	m.lg.Info("opened snapshot stream; downloading")
@@ -326,12 +326,12 @@ type snapshotReadCloser struct {
 
 func (rc *snapshotReadCloser) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	n, err = rc.ReadCloser.Read(p)
-	return n, toErr(rc.ctx, err)
+	return n, ContextError(rc.ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (m *maintenance) MoveLeader(ctx context.Context, transfereeID uint64) (*MoveLeaderResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := m.remote.MoveLeader(ctx, &pb.MoveLeaderRequest{TargetID: transfereeID}, m.callOpts...)
-	return (*MoveLeaderResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*MoveLeaderResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (m *maintenance) Downgrade(ctx context.Context, action DowngradeAction, version string) (*DowngradeResponse, error) {
@@ -347,5 +347,5 @@ func (m *maintenance) Downgrade(ctx context.Context, action DowngradeAction, ver
 		return nil, errors.New("etcdclient: unknown downgrade action")
 	}
 	resp, err := m.remote.Downgrade(ctx, &pb.DowngradeRequest{Action: actionType, Version: version}, m.callOpts...)
-	return (*DowngradeResponse)(resp), toErr(ctx, err)
+	return (*DowngradeResponse)(resp), ContextError(ctx, err)
 }
diff --git a/client/v3/txn.go b/client/v3/txn.go
index a4e3706fa..0a57332ac 100644
--- a/client/v3/txn.go
+++ b/client/v3/txn.go
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (txn *txn) Commit() (*TxnResponse, error) {
 	var err error
 	resp, err = txn.kv.remote.Txn(txn.ctx, r, txn.callOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, toErr(txn.ctx, err)
+		return nil, ContextError(txn.ctx, err)
 	}
 	return (*TxnResponse)(resp), nil
 }
diff --git a/client/v3/watch.go b/client/v3/watch.go
index 14ddcb920..bfa753cfd 100644
--- a/client/v3/watch.go
+++ b/client/v3/watch.go
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ func (w *watchGRPCStream) close() (err error) {
 	case err = <-w.errc:
 	default:
 	}
-	return toErr(w.ctx, err)
+	return ContextError(w.ctx, err)
 }
 
 func (w *watcher) closeStream(wgs *watchGRPCStream) {
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ func (w *watchGRPCStream) run() {
 
 		// watch client failed on Recv; spawn another if possible
 		case err := <-w.errc:
-			if isHaltErr(w.ctx, err) || toErr(w.ctx, err) == v3rpc.ErrNoLeader {
+			if isHaltErr(w.ctx, err) || ContextError(w.ctx, err) == v3rpc.ErrNoLeader {
 				closeErr = err
 				return
 			}
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ func (pr *progressRequest) toPB() *pb.WatchRequest {
 
 func streamKeyFromCtx(ctx context.Context) string {
 	if md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx); ok {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%+v", md)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%+v", map[string][]string(md))
 	}
 	return ""
 }
diff --git a/etcdctl/README.md b/etcdctl/README.md
index 1a9ce3ebd..40e93c4d1 100644
--- a/etcdctl/README.md
+++ b/etcdctl/README.md
@@ -125,6 +125,14 @@ RPC: Range
 
 - keys-only -- Get only the keys
 
+- max-create-revision -- restrict results to kvs with create revision lower or equal than the supplied revision
+
+- min-create-revision -- restrict results to kvs with create revision greater or equal than the supplied revision
+
+- max-mod-revision -- restrict results to kvs with modified revision lower or equal than the supplied revision
+
+- min-mod-revision -- restrict results to kvs with modified revision greater or equal than the supplied revision
+
 #### Output
 Prints the data in format below,
 ```
diff --git a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/get_command.go b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/get_command.go
index 86f281177..7d687aa5c 100644
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/get_command.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/get_command.go
@@ -25,16 +25,20 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	getConsistency string
-	getLimit       int64
-	getSortOrder   string
-	getSortTarget  string
-	getPrefix      bool
-	getFromKey     bool
-	getRev         int64
-	getKeysOnly    bool
-	getCountOnly   bool
-	printValueOnly bool
+	getConsistency  string
+	getLimit        int64
+	getSortOrder    string
+	getSortTarget   string
+	getPrefix       bool
+	getFromKey      bool
+	getRev          int64
+	getKeysOnly     bool
+	getCountOnly    bool
+	printValueOnly  bool
+	getMinCreateRev int64
+	getMaxCreateRev int64
+	getMinModRev    int64
+	getMaxModRev    int64
 )
 
 // NewGetCommand returns the cobra command for "get".
@@ -55,6 +59,10 @@ func NewGetCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&getKeysOnly, "keys-only", false, "Get only the keys")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&getCountOnly, "count-only", false, "Get only the count")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&printValueOnly, "print-value-only", false, `Only write values when using the "simple" output format`)
+	cmd.Flags().Int64Var(&getMinCreateRev, "min-create-rev", 0, "Minimum create revision")
+	cmd.Flags().Int64Var(&getMaxCreateRev, "max-create-rev", 0, "Maximum create revision")
+	cmd.Flags().Int64Var(&getMinModRev, "min-mod-rev", 0, "Minimum modification revision")
+	cmd.Flags().Int64Var(&getMaxModRev, "max-mod-rev", 0, "Maximum modification revision")
 
 	cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("consistency", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		return []string{"l", "s"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
@@ -184,5 +192,29 @@ func getGetOp(args []string) (string, []clientv3.OpOption) {
 		opts = append(opts, clientv3.WithCountOnly())
 	}
 
+	if getMinCreateRev > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, clientv3.WithMinCreateRev(getMinCreateRev))
+	}
+
+	if getMaxCreateRev > 0 {
+		if getMinCreateRev > getMaxCreateRev {
+			cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitBadFeature,
+				fmt.Errorf("getMinCreateRev(=%v) > getMaxCreateRev(=%v)", getMinCreateRev, getMaxCreateRev))
+		}
+		opts = append(opts, clientv3.WithMaxCreateRev(getMaxCreateRev))
+	}
+
+	if getMinModRev > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, clientv3.WithMinModRev(getMinModRev))
+	}
+
+	if getMaxModRev > 0 {
+		if getMinModRev > getMaxModRev {
+			cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitBadFeature,
+				fmt.Errorf("getMinModRev(=%v) > getMaxModRev(=%v)", getMinModRev, getMaxModRev))
+		}
+		opts = append(opts, clientv3.WithMaxModRev(getMaxModRev))
+	}
+
 	return key, opts
 }
diff --git a/etcdctl/go.mod b/etcdctl/go.mod
index 3fb9e09be..4ad680b82 100644
--- a/etcdctl/go.mod
+++ b/etcdctl/go.mod
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdctl/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
-	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0
+	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0
 	github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 )
 
 require (
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 )
 
diff --git a/etcdctl/go.sum b/etcdctl/go.sum
index 34c8058e0..b1a879203 100644
--- a/etcdctl/go.sum
+++ b/etcdctl/go.sum
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 h1:f58SaIzcDXrSy3kWaHNvuJgJ3Nmz59Zji6XoJR/q1o
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0/go.mod h1:nz4BbCtbLyFDeC9SUHbtcT5644juEuWfUAUnGx7j5l4=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0 h1:ByYyxL9InA1OWqxJqqp2A5pYHUrCiAL6K3J+LKSsQkY=
-github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0 h1:tgObeVOf8WAvtuAX6DhJ4xks4CFNwPDZiqzGqIHE51E=
+github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5 h1:QuuUzeM2WsAqG2gMqtzaWithDJv0i+i6UlnwSCI4QLk=
 github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5/go.mod h1:CrxkeghYTXi1lQBEI7jSn+3svI3cuc19haAj6jM60XI=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr4=
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92BcuyuQ/YW4NSIpoGtfXNho=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9/go.mod h1:H031xJmbD/WCDINGzjvQ9THkh0rPKHF+m2gUSrubnMI=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 h1:UNAjwbU9l54TA3KzvqLGxwWjHmMgBUVhBiTjelZgg3U=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 h1:P2Ga83D34wi1o9J6Wh1mRuqd4mF/x/lgBS7N7AbDhec=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5/go.mod h1:hPp6KlRPjbx+hW8ykQs1w3UBbZlj6HuIJcUGPhkA7kY=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
@@ -50,10 +52,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 h1:wZWJDwK+NameRJuPGDhlnFgx8e8HN3XHQ
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJLZUq1hoULYBAYBw1Ho=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
@@ -81,8 +83,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -91,8 +93,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -107,12 +109,12 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/etcdutl/go.mod b/etcdutl/go.mod
index 585d91aa8..9dde173a7 100644
--- a/etcdutl/go.mod
+++ b/etcdutl/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 replace (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 => ../api
@@ -40,27 +40,29 @@ require (
 require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/soheilhy/cmux v0.1.5 // indirect
@@ -68,23 +70,23 @@ require (
 	github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy v0.0.0-20201229170055-e5319fda7802 // indirect
 	github.com/xiang90/probing v0.0.0-20190116061207-43a291ad63a2 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.306.0-alpha.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
diff --git a/etcdutl/go.sum b/etcdutl/go.sum
index c5dc462d5..edda6fa89 100644
--- a/etcdutl/go.sum
+++ b/etcdutl/go.sum
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.2 h1:H9MtNqVoVhvd9nCBwOyDjUEdZCREqbIdCJD93PBm/jA=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.2/go.mod h1:a9RdTaap04u637JoCzcUoIcDmvwSUtcUFtT/C3kJlTU=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr4=
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 h1:pKouT5E8xu9zeFC39JXRDukb6JFQPXM5p5I91188VAQ=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
@@ -33,12 +33,14 @@ github.com/google/btree v1.1.2/go.mod h1:qOPhT0dTNdNzV6Z/lhRX0YXUafgPLFUh+gZMl76
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 h1:+/TMaTYc4QFitKJxsQ7Yye35DkWvkdLcvGKqM+x0Ufc=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92BcuyuQ/YW4NSIpoGtfXNho=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 h1:p4Cf1aMWXnXAUh8lVfewRBx1zaTSYKrKMF2g3ST4RZ4=
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9/go.mod h1:H031xJmbD/WCDINGzjvQ9THkh0rPKHF+m2gUSrubnMI=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 h1:UNAjwbU9l54TA3KzvqLGxwWjHmMgBUVhBiTjelZgg3U=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 h1:P2Ga83D34wi1o9J6Wh1mRuqd4mF/x/lgBS7N7AbDhec=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5/go.mod h1:hPp6KlRPjbx+hW8ykQs1w3UBbZlj6HuIJcUGPhkA7kY=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
@@ -60,10 +64,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 h1:wZWJDwK+NameRJuPGDhlnFgx8e8HN3XHQ
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJLZUq1hoULYBAYBw1Ho=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
@@ -92,20 +96,20 @@ go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.0-alpha.1 h1:3yrqQzbRRPFPdOMWS/QQIVxVnzSkAZQYeWlZFv1kbj4=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.0-alpha.1/go.mod h1:S/Z/Nm3iuOnyO1W4XuFfPci51Gj6F1Hv0z8hisyYYOw=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0 h1:cMmjAEjCKMGiQPowjSWM43Y5ZnBEeNP8RSYcm3ewtns=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0/go.mod h1:QpxpKeYmocQQFHP75LxNrdJTukZmqQig9lotwYLsUJY=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0 h1:vS1Ao/R55RNV4O7TA2Qopok8yN+X0LIP6RVWLFkprck=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0/go.mod h1:BMsdeOxN04K0L5FNUBfjFdvwWGNe/rkmSwH4Aelu/X0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0 h1:9BZoF3yMK/O1AafMiQTVu0YDj5Ea4hPhxCs7sGva+cg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0/go.mod h1:DMpAK8fzYRzs+bi3rS5REupisuqTheUlSZJ1WnZaPAQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 h1:9G6E0TXzGFVfTnawRzrPl83iHOAV7L8NJiR8RSGYV1g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0/go.mod h1:azvtTADFQJA8mX80jIH/akaE7h+dbm/sVuaHqN13w74=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0 h1:/SqNcYk+idO0CxKEUOtKQClMK/MimZihKYMruSMViUo=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0/go.mod h1:q68ijF8Fc8CnMHKyzqL6akLO46ePnjkgfIMIjUIX9z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 h1:R9DE4kQ4k+YtfLI2ULwX82VtNQ2J8yZmA7ZIF/D+7Mc=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:OQFyQVrDlbe+R7xrEyDr/2Wr67Ol0hRUgsfA+V5A95s=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 h1:qFffATk0X+HD+f1Z8lswGiOQYKHRlzfmdJm0wEaVrFA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:MOiCmryaYtc+V0Ei+Tx9o5S1ZjA7kzLucuVuyzBZloQ=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 h1:hvj3vdEKyeCi4YaYfNjv2NUje8FqKqUY8IlF0FxV/ik=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0/go.mod h1:mVFgmRlhljgBiuk/MP/oKylr4hs85GZAylncepAX/ak=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0 h1:mlk+/Y1gLPLn84U4tI8d3GNJmGT/eXe3ZuOXN9kTWmI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0/go.mod h1:Ha9vbLwJE6W86YstIywK2xFfPjbWlCuwPtMkKdz/Y4A=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 h1:IqYb813p7cmbHk0a5y6pD5JPakbVfftRXABGt5/Rscw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:6RiD1hkAprV4/q+yd2ln1HG9GoPx39SuvvstaLBl+l4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 h1:f0HGvSl1KRAU1DLgLGFjrwVyismPlnuU6JD6bOeuA5Q=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0/go.mod h1:Fb1eVBFZmLVTMb6PPohq3TO9IIhUisDsbJoL/+uQW4s=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0 h1:b9d7hIry8yZsgtbmM0DKyPWMMUMlK9NEKuIG4aBqWyE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0/go.mod h1:oYj7ClPUA7Iw3m+r7GeEjz0qckQRJK2B8zjcZEfu7Pg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 h1:GhQ9cUuQGmNDd5BTCP2dAvv75RdMxEfTmYejp+lkx9g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0/go.mod h1:jPyXzNPg6da9+38HEwElrQiHlVMTnVfM3/yv2OlIHaI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1/go.mod h1:0X1WI4de4ZsLrrJNLAQbFeLCm3T7yBkR0XqQ7niQU+8=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
@@ -117,8 +121,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
@@ -126,8 +130,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -137,8 +141,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5h
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -153,12 +157,12 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index dae768dc1..81e749e47 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 replace (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 => ./api
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ replace (
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0
+	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0
 	github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 )
 
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
@@ -56,21 +56,23 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/soheilhy/cmux v0.1.5 // indirect
@@ -78,21 +80,21 @@ require (
 	github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy v0.0.0-20201229170055-e5319fda7802 // indirect
 	github.com/xiang90/probing v0.0.0-20190116061207-43a291ad63a2 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211020170558-c049b76a60c6 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index cab28330b..15363c1c4 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 h1:f58SaIzcDXrSy3kWaHNvuJgJ3Nmz59Zji6XoJR/q1o
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0/go.mod h1:nz4BbCtbLyFDeC9SUHbtcT5644juEuWfUAUnGx7j5l4=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0 h1:ByYyxL9InA1OWqxJqqp2A5pYHUrCiAL6K3J+LKSsQkY=
-github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
+github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0 h1:tgObeVOf8WAvtuAX6DhJ4xks4CFNwPDZiqzGqIHE51E=
+github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5 h1:QuuUzeM2WsAqG2gMqtzaWithDJv0i+i6UlnwSCI4QLk=
 github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5/go.mod h1:CrxkeghYTXi1lQBEI7jSn+3svI3cuc19haAj6jM60XI=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0/go.mod h1:YZ7TlrGPkiz6ku9fK3TLD/pl3CpsiFyu8N92HLg
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 h1:pKouT5E8xu9zeFC39JXRDukb6JFQPXM5p5I91188VAQ=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0/go.mod h1:v0f6uXyyMGvRgIKkXu+yp6POWl0qKG85gN/melR3HDY=
@@ -61,14 +61,16 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5a
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 h1:+/TMaTYc4QFitKJxsQ7Yye35DkWvkdLcvGKqM+x0Ufc=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0 h1:+9834+KizmvFV7pXQGSXQTsaWhq2GjuNUt0aUU0YBYw=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0/go.mod h1:z0ButlSOZa5vEBq9m2m2hlwIgKw+rp3sdCBRoJY+30Y=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92BcuyuQ/YW4NSIpoGtfXNho=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 h1:p4Cf1aMWXnXAUh8lVfewRBx1zaTSYKrKMF2g3ST4RZ4=
@@ -89,6 +91,8 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9/go.mod h1:H031xJmbD/WCDINGzjvQ9THkh0rPKHF+m2gUSrubnMI=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 h1:UNAjwbU9l54TA3KzvqLGxwWjHmMgBUVhBiTjelZgg3U=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 h1:P2Ga83D34wi1o9J6Wh1mRuqd4mF/x/lgBS7N7AbDhec=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5/go.mod h1:hPp6KlRPjbx+hW8ykQs1w3UBbZlj6HuIJcUGPhkA7kY=
 github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UkNAQd3GIcIGf0SeVgPpRdFStlNbqXla1AfSYxPUl2o=
@@ -100,10 +104,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJL
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
@@ -138,20 +142,20 @@ go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0 h1:p19drv16FKK345a09a1iubchlw/vmRuksmRzgBIGjcA=
 go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0/go.mod h1:nL3ILMGfkXTekKI3clMBNazKnjUZjYLKmBHzsVAnC1o=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0 h1:cMmjAEjCKMGiQPowjSWM43Y5ZnBEeNP8RSYcm3ewtns=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0/go.mod h1:QpxpKeYmocQQFHP75LxNrdJTukZmqQig9lotwYLsUJY=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0 h1:vS1Ao/R55RNV4O7TA2Qopok8yN+X0LIP6RVWLFkprck=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0/go.mod h1:BMsdeOxN04K0L5FNUBfjFdvwWGNe/rkmSwH4Aelu/X0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0 h1:9BZoF3yMK/O1AafMiQTVu0YDj5Ea4hPhxCs7sGva+cg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0/go.mod h1:DMpAK8fzYRzs+bi3rS5REupisuqTheUlSZJ1WnZaPAQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 h1:9G6E0TXzGFVfTnawRzrPl83iHOAV7L8NJiR8RSGYV1g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0/go.mod h1:azvtTADFQJA8mX80jIH/akaE7h+dbm/sVuaHqN13w74=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0 h1:/SqNcYk+idO0CxKEUOtKQClMK/MimZihKYMruSMViUo=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0/go.mod h1:q68ijF8Fc8CnMHKyzqL6akLO46ePnjkgfIMIjUIX9z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 h1:R9DE4kQ4k+YtfLI2ULwX82VtNQ2J8yZmA7ZIF/D+7Mc=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:OQFyQVrDlbe+R7xrEyDr/2Wr67Ol0hRUgsfA+V5A95s=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 h1:qFffATk0X+HD+f1Z8lswGiOQYKHRlzfmdJm0wEaVrFA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:MOiCmryaYtc+V0Ei+Tx9o5S1ZjA7kzLucuVuyzBZloQ=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 h1:hvj3vdEKyeCi4YaYfNjv2NUje8FqKqUY8IlF0FxV/ik=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0/go.mod h1:mVFgmRlhljgBiuk/MP/oKylr4hs85GZAylncepAX/ak=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0 h1:mlk+/Y1gLPLn84U4tI8d3GNJmGT/eXe3ZuOXN9kTWmI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0/go.mod h1:Ha9vbLwJE6W86YstIywK2xFfPjbWlCuwPtMkKdz/Y4A=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 h1:IqYb813p7cmbHk0a5y6pD5JPakbVfftRXABGt5/Rscw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:6RiD1hkAprV4/q+yd2ln1HG9GoPx39SuvvstaLBl+l4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 h1:f0HGvSl1KRAU1DLgLGFjrwVyismPlnuU6JD6bOeuA5Q=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0/go.mod h1:Fb1eVBFZmLVTMb6PPohq3TO9IIhUisDsbJoL/+uQW4s=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0 h1:b9d7hIry8yZsgtbmM0DKyPWMMUMlK9NEKuIG4aBqWyE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0/go.mod h1:oYj7ClPUA7Iw3m+r7GeEjz0qckQRJK2B8zjcZEfu7Pg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 h1:GhQ9cUuQGmNDd5BTCP2dAvv75RdMxEfTmYejp+lkx9g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0/go.mod h1:jPyXzNPg6da9+38HEwElrQiHlVMTnVfM3/yv2OlIHaI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1/go.mod h1:0X1WI4de4ZsLrrJNLAQbFeLCm3T7yBkR0XqQ7niQU+8=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
@@ -166,8 +170,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -183,8 +187,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -201,8 +205,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -226,17 +230,17 @@ google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200423170343-7949de9c1215/go.mod h1:55QSHmfGQM9UVYDPBsyGGes0y52j32PQ3BqQfXhyH3c=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate.go b/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate.go
index 60c2ab114..cdc4ca727 100644
--- a/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate.go
+++ b/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 package featuregate
 
 import (
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 type Feature string
 
 const (
-	flagName = "feature-gates"
+	defaultFlagName = "feature-gates"
 
 	// allAlphaGate is a global toggle for alpha features. Per-feature key
 	// values override the default set by allAlphaGate. Examples:
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ type MutableFeatureGate interface {
 	FeatureGate
 
 	// AddFlag adds a flag for setting global feature gates to the specified FlagSet.
-	AddFlag(fs *pflag.FlagSet)
+	AddFlag(fs *flag.FlagSet, flagName string)
 	// Set parses and stores flag gates for known features
 	// from a string like feature1=true,feature2=false,...
 	Set(value string) error
@@ -165,6 +166,9 @@ func setUnsetBetaGates(known map[Feature]FeatureSpec, enabled map[Feature]bool,
 var _ pflag.Value = &featureGate{}
 
 func New(name string, lg *zap.Logger) *featureGate {
+	if lg == nil {
+		lg = zap.NewNop()
+	}
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
 	for k, v := range defaultFeatures {
 		known[k] = v
@@ -349,7 +353,10 @@ func (f *featureGate) Enabled(key Feature) bool {
 }
 
 // AddFlag adds a flag for setting global feature gates to the specified FlagSet.
-func (f *featureGate) AddFlag(fs *pflag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *featureGate) AddFlag(fs *flag.FlagSet, flagName string) {
+	if flagName == "" {
+		flagName = defaultFlagName
+	}
 	f.lock.Lock()
 	// TODO(mtaufen): Shouldn't we just close it on the first Set/SetFromMap instead?
 	// Not all components expose a feature gates flag using this AddFlag method, and
diff --git a/pkg/go.mod b/pkg/go.mod
index d01284056..14e0d4593 100644
--- a/pkg/go.mod
+++ b/pkg/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.18
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 )
 
 require (
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/pkg/go.sum b/pkg/go.sum
index 1f8f18220..be4636b4f 100644
--- a/pkg/go.sum
+++ b/pkg/go.sum
@@ -12,8 +12,14 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1 h1:e5/vxKd/rZsfSJMUX1agtjeTDf+qv1/JdBF8gg5k9ZM=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1/go.mod h1:wHxEcudfqmLYa8iTfL+OuZPbBZkmvliBWKIezN3kD9Y=
@@ -27,19 +33,20 @@ go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
diff --git a/pkg/wait/wait_time.go b/pkg/wait/wait_time.go
index 297e48a47..131788959 100644
--- a/pkg/wait/wait_time.go
+++ b/pkg/wait/wait_time.go
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ import "sync"
 type WaitTime interface {
 	// Wait returns a chan that waits on the given logical deadline.
 	// The chan will be triggered when Trigger is called with a
-	// deadline that is later than the one it is waiting for.
+	// deadline that is later than or equal to the one it is waiting for.
 	Wait(deadline uint64) <-chan struct{}
-	// Trigger triggers all the waiting chans with an earlier logical deadline.
+	// Trigger triggers all the waiting chans with an equal or earlier logical deadline.
 	Trigger(deadline uint64)
 }
 
diff --git a/scripts/install-marker.sh b/scripts/install-marker.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index b0f3f984d..000000000
--- a/scripts/install-marker.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -euo pipefail
-
-ARCH=${1:-}
-
-if [ -z "$ARCH" ]; then
-    echo "Usage: ${0} [amd64 or darwin], defaulting to 'amd64'" >> /dev/stderr
-    ARCH=amd64
-fi
-
-MARKER_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/etcd/test-binaries/marker-v0.4.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
-if [ "${ARCH}" == "darwin" ]; then
-    MARKER_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/etcd/test-binaries/marker-v0.4.0-x86_64-apple-darwin"
-fi
-
-echo "Installing marker"
-curl -L "${MARKER_URL}" -o "${GOPATH}"/bin/marker
-chmod 755 "${GOPATH}"/bin/marker
-
-"${GOPATH}"/bin/marker --version
diff --git a/scripts/release.sh b/scripts/release.sh
index 82ff55f7b..7c457e41d 100755
--- a/scripts/release.sh
+++ b/scripts/release.sh
@@ -280,9 +280,6 @@ main() {
 
     log_callout "Pushing container manifest list to gcr.io ${RELEASE_VERSION}"
     maybe_run docker manifest push "gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd:${RELEASE_VERSION}"
-
-    log_callout "Setting permissions using gsutil..."
-    maybe_run gsutil -m acl ch -u allUsers:R -r gs://artifacts.etcd-development.appspot.com
   fi
 
   ### Release validation
diff --git a/scripts/test.sh b/scripts/test.sh
index d142dd21c..cb35af673 100755
--- a/scripts/test.sh
+++ b/scripts/test.sh
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ PASSES=${PASSES:-"gofmt bom dep build unit"}
 KEEP_GOING_SUITE=${KEEP_GOING_SUITE:-false}
 PKG=${PKG:-}
 SHELLCHECK_VERSION=${SHELLCHECK_VERSION:-"v0.10.0"}
+MARKDOWN_MARKER_VERSION=${MARKDOWN_MARKER_VERSION:="v0.10.0"}
 
 if [ -z "${GOARCH:-}" ]; then
   GOARCH=$(go env GOARCH);
@@ -360,10 +361,17 @@ function shellws_pass {
 }
 
 function markdown_marker_pass {
+  local marker="marker"
   # TODO: check other markdown files when marker handles headers with '[]'
-  if tool_exists "marker" "https://crates.io/crates/marker"; then
-    generic_checker run marker --skip-http --allow-absolute-paths --root "${ETCD_ROOT_DIR}" -e ./CHANGELOG -e ./etcdctl -e etcdutl -e ./tools 2>&1
+  if ! tool_exists "$marker" "https://crates.io/crates/marker"; then
+    log_callout "Installing markdown marker $MARKDOWN_MARKER_VERSION"
+    wget -qO- "https://github.com/crawford/marker/releases/download/${MARKDOWN_MARKER_VERSION}/marker-${MARKDOWN_MARKER_VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz" | tar -xzv -C /tmp/ --strip-components=1 >/dev/null
+    mkdir -p ./bin
+    mv /tmp/marker ./bin/
+    marker=./bin/marker
   fi
+
+  generic_checker run "${marker}" --skip-http --allow-absolute-paths --root "${ETCD_ROOT_DIR}" -e ./CHANGELOG -e ./etcdctl -e etcdutl -e ./tools 2>&1
 }
 
 function govuln_pass {
@@ -541,7 +549,14 @@ function dump_deps_of_module() {
 # Checks whether dependencies are consistent across modules
 function dep_pass {
   local all_dependencies
+  local tools_mod_dependencies
   all_dependencies=$(run_for_modules dump_deps_of_module | sort) || return 2
+  # tools/mod is a special case. It is a module that is not included in the
+  # module list from test_lib.sh. However, we need to ensure that the
+  # dependency versions match the rest of the project. Therefore, explicitly
+  # execute the command for tools/mod, and append its dependencies to the list.
+  tools_mod_dependencies=$(run_for_module "tools/mod" dump_deps_of_module "./...") || return 2
+  all_dependencies="${all_dependencies}"$'\n'"${tools_mod_dependencies}"
 
   local duplicates
   duplicates=$(echo "${all_dependencies}" | cut -d ',' -f 1,2 | sort | uniq | cut -d ',' -f 1 | sort | uniq -d) || return 2
diff --git a/server/auth/simple_token.go b/server/auth/simple_token.go
index fb9485b4f..f8272b185 100644
--- a/server/auth/simple_token.go
+++ b/server/auth/simple_token.go
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func (t *tokenSimple) enable() {
 
 	delf := func(tk string) {
 		if username, ok := t.simpleTokens[tk]; ok {
-			t.lg.Info(
+			t.lg.Debug(
 				"deleted a simple token",
 				zap.String("user-name", username),
 				zap.String("token", tk),
diff --git a/server/embed/config.go b/server/embed/config.go
index 04f4ca0fa..f54a8a443 100644
--- a/server/embed/config.go
+++ b/server/embed/config.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/transport"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/types"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/featuregate"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/flags"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/netutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/config"
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/rafthttp"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3compactor"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3discovery"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/features"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -108,6 +110,8 @@ const (
 	maxElectionMs = 50000
 	// backend freelist map type
 	freelistArrayType = "array"
+
+	ServerFeatureGateFlagName = "feature-gates"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -455,6 +459,9 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	// V2Deprecation describes phase of API & Storage V2 support
 	V2Deprecation config.V2DeprecationEnum `json:"v2-deprecation"`
+
+	// ServerFeatureGate is a server level feature gate
+	ServerFeatureGate featuregate.FeatureGate
 }
 
 // configYAML holds the config suitable for yaml parsing
@@ -476,6 +483,8 @@ type configJSON struct {
 
 	ClientSecurityJSON securityConfig `json:"client-transport-security"`
 	PeerSecurityJSON   securityConfig `json:"peer-transport-security"`
+
+	ServerFeatureGatesJSON string `json:"feature-gates"`
 }
 
 type securityConfig struct {
@@ -576,6 +585,7 @@ func NewConfig() *Config {
 		},
 
 		AutoCompactionMode: DefaultAutoCompactionMode,
+		ServerFeatureGate:  features.NewDefaultServerFeatureGate(DefaultName, nil),
 	}
 	cfg.InitialCluster = cfg.InitialClusterFromName(cfg.Name)
 	return cfg
@@ -762,6 +772,9 @@ func (cfg *Config) AddFlags(fs *flag.FlagSet) {
 	// unsafe
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.UnsafeNoFsync, "unsafe-no-fsync", false, "Disables fsync, unsafe, will cause data loss.")
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.ForceNewCluster, "force-new-cluster", false, "Force to create a new one member cluster.")
+
+	// featuregate
+	cfg.ServerFeatureGate.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).AddFlag(fs, ServerFeatureGateFlagName)
 }
 
 func ConfigFromFile(path string) (*Config, error) {
@@ -785,6 +798,13 @@ func (cfg *configYAML) configFromFile(path string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if cfg.configJSON.ServerFeatureGatesJSON != "" {
+		err = cfg.Config.ServerFeatureGate.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).Set(cfg.configJSON.ServerFeatureGatesJSON)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
 	if cfg.configJSON.ListenPeerURLs != "" {
 		u, err := types.NewURLs(strings.Split(cfg.configJSON.ListenPeerURLs, ","))
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/server/embed/config_logging.go b/server/embed/config_logging.go
index 432b7c89d..3ec40b432 100644
--- a/server/embed/config_logging.go
+++ b/server/embed/config_logging.go
@@ -165,35 +165,38 @@ func (cfg *Config) setupLogging() error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		logTLSHandshakeFailure := func(conn *tls.Conn, err error) {
-			state := conn.ConnectionState()
-			remoteAddr := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
-			serverName := state.ServerName
-			if len(state.PeerCertificates) > 0 {
-				cert := state.PeerCertificates[0]
-				ips := make([]string, len(cert.IPAddresses))
-				for i := range cert.IPAddresses {
-					ips[i] = cert.IPAddresses[i].String()
+		logTLSHandshakeFailureFunc := func(msg string) func(conn *tls.Conn, err error) {
+			return func(conn *tls.Conn, err error) {
+				state := conn.ConnectionState()
+				remoteAddr := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
+				serverName := state.ServerName
+				if len(state.PeerCertificates) > 0 {
+					cert := state.PeerCertificates[0]
+					ips := make([]string, len(cert.IPAddresses))
+					for i := range cert.IPAddresses {
+						ips[i] = cert.IPAddresses[i].String()
+					}
+					cfg.logger.Warn(
+						msg,
+						zap.String("remote-addr", remoteAddr),
+						zap.String("server-name", serverName),
+						zap.Strings("ip-addresses", ips),
+						zap.Strings("dns-names", cert.DNSNames),
+						zap.Error(err),
+					)
+				} else {
+					cfg.logger.Warn(
+						msg,
+						zap.String("remote-addr", remoteAddr),
+						zap.String("server-name", serverName),
+						zap.Error(err),
+					)
 				}
-				cfg.logger.Warn(
-					"rejected connection",
-					zap.String("remote-addr", remoteAddr),
-					zap.String("server-name", serverName),
-					zap.Strings("ip-addresses", ips),
-					zap.Strings("dns-names", cert.DNSNames),
-					zap.Error(err),
-				)
-			} else {
-				cfg.logger.Warn(
-					"rejected connection",
-					zap.String("remote-addr", remoteAddr),
-					zap.String("server-name", serverName),
-					zap.Error(err),
-				)
 			}
 		}
-		cfg.ClientTLSInfo.HandshakeFailure = logTLSHandshakeFailure
-		cfg.PeerTLSInfo.HandshakeFailure = logTLSHandshakeFailure
+
+		cfg.ClientTLSInfo.HandshakeFailure = logTLSHandshakeFailureFunc("rejected connection on client endpoint")
+		cfg.PeerTLSInfo.HandshakeFailure = logTLSHandshakeFailureFunc("rejected connection on peer endpoint")
 
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unknown logger option %q", cfg.Logger)
diff --git a/server/embed/etcd.go b/server/embed/etcd.go
index 110636b59..a82e21c79 100644
--- a/server/embed/etcd.go
+++ b/server/embed/etcd.go
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {
 		ExperimentalMaxLearners:                       cfg.ExperimentalMaxLearners,
 		V2Deprecation:                                 cfg.V2DeprecationEffective(),
 		ExperimentalLocalAddress:                      cfg.InferLocalAddr(),
+		ServerFeatureGate:                             cfg.ServerFeatureGate,
 	}
 
 	if srvcfg.ExperimentalEnableDistributedTracing {
diff --git a/server/etcdmain/help.go b/server/etcdmain/help.go
index d9bb14525..a4fe80cea 100644
--- a/server/etcdmain/help.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/help.go
@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ package etcdmain
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 
 	cconfig "go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/config"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/embed"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/rafthttp"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/features"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -103,6 +105,8 @@ Member:
     Read timeout set on each rafthttp connection
   --raft-write-timeout '` + rafthttp.DefaultConnWriteTimeout.String() + `'
     Write timeout set on each rafthttp connection
+  --feature-gates ''
+    A set of key=value pairs that describe server level feature gates for alpha/experimental features. Options are:` + "\n    " + strings.Join(features.NewDefaultServerFeatureGate("", nil).KnownFeatures(), "\n    ") + `
 
 Clustering:
   --initial-advertise-peer-urls 'http://localhost:2380'
diff --git a/server/etcdserver/api/v3election/v3electionpb/gw/v3election.pb.gw.go b/server/etcdserver/api/v3election/v3electionpb/gw/v3election.pb.gw.go
index 0d7a0e5cb..9c0ae68d0 100644
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3election/v3electionpb/gw/v3election.pb.gw.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3election/v3electionpb/gw/v3election.pb.gw.go
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ func local_request_Election_Resign_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Mars
 // UnaryRPC     :call v3electionpb.ElectionServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterElectionHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterElectionHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server v3electionpb.ElectionServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Election_Campaign_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ func RegisterElectionHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *g
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "ElectionClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "ElectionClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "ElectionClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "ElectionClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterElectionHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client v3electionpb.ElectionClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Election_Campaign_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
diff --git a/server/etcdserver/api/v3lock/v3lockpb/gw/v3lock.pb.gw.go b/server/etcdserver/api/v3lock/v3lockpb/gw/v3lock.pb.gw.go
index ad29b3a4d..2437489ee 100644
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3lock/v3lockpb/gw/v3lock.pb.gw.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3lock/v3lockpb/gw/v3lock.pb.gw.go
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ func local_request_Lock_Unlock_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshale
 // UnaryRPC     :call v3lockpb.LockServer directly.
 // StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
 // Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterLockHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
 func RegisterLockHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server v3lockpb.LockServer) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Lock_Lock_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func RegisterLockHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *grpc.
 // to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "LockClient".
 // Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "LockClient"
 // doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
-// "LockClient" to call the correct interceptors.
+// "LockClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
 func RegisterLockHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client v3lockpb.LockClient) error {
 
 	mux.Handle("POST", pattern_Lock_Lock_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
diff --git a/server/etcdserver/server.go b/server/etcdserver/server.go
index a6f25548c..6708f71bf 100644
--- a/server/etcdserver/server.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/server.go
@@ -2126,65 +2126,63 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) snapshot(snapi uint64, confState raftpb.ConfState) {
 	// the go routine created below.
 	s.KV().Commit()
 
-	s.GoAttach(func() {
-		lg := s.Logger()
+	lg := s.Logger()
 
-		// For backward compatibility, generate v2 snapshot from v3 state.
-		snap, err := s.r.raftStorage.CreateSnapshot(snapi, &confState, d)
-		if err != nil {
-			// the snapshot was done asynchronously with the progress of raft.
-			// raft might have already got a newer snapshot.
-			if err == raft.ErrSnapOutOfDate {
-				return
-			}
-			lg.Panic("failed to create snapshot", zap.Error(err))
+	// For backward compatibility, generate v2 snapshot from v3 state.
+	snap, err := s.r.raftStorage.CreateSnapshot(snapi, &confState, d)
+	if err != nil {
+		// the snapshot was done asynchronously with the progress of raft.
+		// raft might have already got a newer snapshot.
+		if err == raft.ErrSnapOutOfDate {
+			return
 		}
+		lg.Panic("failed to create snapshot", zap.Error(err))
+	}
 
-		verifyConsistentIndexIsLatest(lg, snap, s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex())
+	verifyConsistentIndexIsLatest(lg, snap, s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex())
 
-		// SaveSnap saves the snapshot to file and appends the corresponding WAL entry.
-		if err = s.r.storage.SaveSnap(snap); err != nil {
-			lg.Panic("failed to save snapshot", zap.Error(err))
-		}
-		if err = s.r.storage.Release(snap); err != nil {
-			lg.Panic("failed to release wal", zap.Error(err))
-		}
+	// SaveSnap saves the snapshot to file and appends the corresponding WAL entry.
+	if err = s.r.storage.SaveSnap(snap); err != nil {
+		lg.Panic("failed to save snapshot", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	if err = s.r.storage.Release(snap); err != nil {
+		lg.Panic("failed to release wal", zap.Error(err))
+	}
 
-		lg.Info(
-			"saved snapshot",
-			zap.Uint64("snapshot-index", snap.Metadata.Index),
-		)
+	lg.Info(
+		"saved snapshot",
+		zap.Uint64("snapshot-index", snap.Metadata.Index),
+	)
 
-		// When sending a snapshot, etcd will pause compaction.
-		// After receives a snapshot, the slow follower needs to get all the entries right after
-		// the snapshot sent to catch up. If we do not pause compaction, the log entries right after
-		// the snapshot sent might already be compacted. It happens when the snapshot takes long time
-		// to send and save. Pausing compaction avoids triggering a snapshot sending cycle.
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&s.inflightSnapshots) != 0 {
-			lg.Info("skip compaction since there is an inflight snapshot")
-			return
-		}
+	// When sending a snapshot, etcd will pause compaction.
+	// After receives a snapshot, the slow follower needs to get all the entries right after
+	// the snapshot sent to catch up. If we do not pause compaction, the log entries right after
+	// the snapshot sent might already be compacted. It happens when the snapshot takes long time
+	// to send and save. Pausing compaction avoids triggering a snapshot sending cycle.
+	if atomic.LoadInt64(&s.inflightSnapshots) != 0 {
+		lg.Info("skip compaction since there is an inflight snapshot")
+		return
+	}
 
-		// keep some in memory log entries for slow followers.
-		compacti := uint64(1)
-		if snapi > s.Cfg.SnapshotCatchUpEntries {
-			compacti = snapi - s.Cfg.SnapshotCatchUpEntries
-		}
+	// keep some in memory log entries for slow followers.
+	compacti := uint64(1)
+	if snapi > s.Cfg.SnapshotCatchUpEntries {
+		compacti = snapi - s.Cfg.SnapshotCatchUpEntries
+	}
 
-		err = s.r.raftStorage.Compact(compacti)
-		if err != nil {
-			// the compaction was done asynchronously with the progress of raft.
-			// raft log might already been compact.
-			if err == raft.ErrCompacted {
-				return
-			}
-			lg.Panic("failed to compact", zap.Error(err))
+	err = s.r.raftStorage.Compact(compacti)
+	if err != nil {
+		// the compaction was done asynchronously with the progress of raft.
+		// raft log might already been compact.
+		if err == raft.ErrCompacted {
+			return
 		}
-		lg.Info(
-			"compacted Raft logs",
-			zap.Uint64("compact-index", compacti),
-		)
-	})
+		lg.Panic("failed to compact", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	lg.Info(
+		"compacted Raft logs",
+		zap.Uint64("compact-index", compacti),
+	)
 }
 
 // CutPeer drops messages to the specified peer.
diff --git a/server/features/etcd_features.go b/server/features/etcd_features.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28db2aaa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/features/etcd_features.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package features
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/featuregate"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Every feature gate should add method here following this template:
+	//
+	// // owner: @username
+	// // kep: https://kep.k8s.io/NNN (or issue: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/NNN, or main PR: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/NNN)
+	// // alpha: v3.X
+	// MyFeature featuregate.Feature = "MyFeature"
+	//
+	// Feature gates should be listed in alphabetical, case-sensitive
+	// (upper before any lower case character) order. This reduces the risk
+	// of code conflicts because changes are more likely to be scattered
+	// across the file.
+
+	// DistributedTracing enables experimental distributed  tracing using OpenTelemetry Tracing.
+	// owner: @dashpole
+	// alpha: v3.5
+	// issue: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/12460
+	DistributedTracing featuregate.Feature = "DistributedTracing"
+	// StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag enables etcd gRPC service to stop serving client requests on defragmentation.
+	// owner: @chaochn47
+	// alpha: v3.6
+	// main PR: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18279
+	StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag featuregate.Feature = "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag"
+)
+
+var (
+	DefaultEtcdServerFeatureGates = map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		DistributedTracing:      {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+		StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	}
+)
+
+func NewDefaultServerFeatureGate(name string, lg *zap.Logger) featuregate.FeatureGate {
+	fg := featuregate.New(fmt.Sprintf("%sServerFeatureGate", name), lg)
+	if err := fg.Add(DefaultEtcdServerFeatureGates); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return fg
+}
diff --git a/server/go.mod b/server/go.mod
index a2f173642..a6440409a 100644
--- a/server/go.mod
+++ b/server/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1
@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
@@ -50,25 +50,27 @@ require (
 require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211020170558-c049b76a60c6 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/server/go.sum b/server/go.sum
index faeec121c..4b1a5c986 100644
--- a/server/go.sum
+++ b/server/go.sum
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6r
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.2 h1:H9MtNqVoVhvd9nCBwOyDjUEdZCREqbIdCJD93PBm/jA=
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 h1:pKouT5E8xu9zeFC39JXRDukb6JFQPXM5p5I91188VAQ=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0/go.mod h1:v0f6uXyyMGvRgIKkXu+yp6POWl0qKG85gN/melR3HDY=
@@ -53,14 +53,16 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5a
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 h1:+/TMaTYc4QFitKJxsQ7Yye35DkWvkdLcvGKqM+x0Ufc=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0 h1:+9834+KizmvFV7pXQGSXQTsaWhq2GjuNUt0aUU0YBYw=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0/go.mod h1:z0ButlSOZa5vEBq9m2m2hlwIgKw+rp3sdCBRoJY+30Y=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92BcuyuQ/YW4NSIpoGtfXNho=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 h1:p4Cf1aMWXnXAUh8lVfewRBx1zaTSYKrKMF2g3ST4RZ4=
@@ -73,6 +75,8 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UkNAQd3GIcIGf0SeVgPpRdFStlNbqXla1AfSYxPUl2o=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
@@ -82,10 +86,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJL
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
@@ -115,20 +119,20 @@ go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.0-alpha.1 h1:3yrqQzbRRPFPdOMWS/QQIVxVnzSkAZQYeWlZFv1kbj4=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.0-alpha.1/go.mod h1:S/Z/Nm3iuOnyO1W4XuFfPci51Gj6F1Hv0z8hisyYYOw=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0 h1:cMmjAEjCKMGiQPowjSWM43Y5ZnBEeNP8RSYcm3ewtns=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0/go.mod h1:QpxpKeYmocQQFHP75LxNrdJTukZmqQig9lotwYLsUJY=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0 h1:vS1Ao/R55RNV4O7TA2Qopok8yN+X0LIP6RVWLFkprck=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0/go.mod h1:BMsdeOxN04K0L5FNUBfjFdvwWGNe/rkmSwH4Aelu/X0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0 h1:9BZoF3yMK/O1AafMiQTVu0YDj5Ea4hPhxCs7sGva+cg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0/go.mod h1:DMpAK8fzYRzs+bi3rS5REupisuqTheUlSZJ1WnZaPAQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 h1:9G6E0TXzGFVfTnawRzrPl83iHOAV7L8NJiR8RSGYV1g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0/go.mod h1:azvtTADFQJA8mX80jIH/akaE7h+dbm/sVuaHqN13w74=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0 h1:/SqNcYk+idO0CxKEUOtKQClMK/MimZihKYMruSMViUo=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0/go.mod h1:q68ijF8Fc8CnMHKyzqL6akLO46ePnjkgfIMIjUIX9z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 h1:R9DE4kQ4k+YtfLI2ULwX82VtNQ2J8yZmA7ZIF/D+7Mc=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:OQFyQVrDlbe+R7xrEyDr/2Wr67Ol0hRUgsfA+V5A95s=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 h1:qFffATk0X+HD+f1Z8lswGiOQYKHRlzfmdJm0wEaVrFA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:MOiCmryaYtc+V0Ei+Tx9o5S1ZjA7kzLucuVuyzBZloQ=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 h1:hvj3vdEKyeCi4YaYfNjv2NUje8FqKqUY8IlF0FxV/ik=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0/go.mod h1:mVFgmRlhljgBiuk/MP/oKylr4hs85GZAylncepAX/ak=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0 h1:mlk+/Y1gLPLn84U4tI8d3GNJmGT/eXe3ZuOXN9kTWmI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0/go.mod h1:Ha9vbLwJE6W86YstIywK2xFfPjbWlCuwPtMkKdz/Y4A=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 h1:IqYb813p7cmbHk0a5y6pD5JPakbVfftRXABGt5/Rscw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:6RiD1hkAprV4/q+yd2ln1HG9GoPx39SuvvstaLBl+l4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 h1:f0HGvSl1KRAU1DLgLGFjrwVyismPlnuU6JD6bOeuA5Q=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0/go.mod h1:Fb1eVBFZmLVTMb6PPohq3TO9IIhUisDsbJoL/+uQW4s=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0 h1:b9d7hIry8yZsgtbmM0DKyPWMMUMlK9NEKuIG4aBqWyE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0/go.mod h1:oYj7ClPUA7Iw3m+r7GeEjz0qckQRJK2B8zjcZEfu7Pg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 h1:GhQ9cUuQGmNDd5BTCP2dAvv75RdMxEfTmYejp+lkx9g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0/go.mod h1:jPyXzNPg6da9+38HEwElrQiHlVMTnVfM3/yv2OlIHaI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1/go.mod h1:0X1WI4de4ZsLrrJNLAQbFeLCm3T7yBkR0XqQ7niQU+8=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
@@ -143,8 +147,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -160,8 +164,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -176,8 +180,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190422165155-953cdadca894/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -201,17 +205,17 @@ google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200423170343-7949de9c1215/go.mod h1:55QSHmfGQM9UVYDPBsyGGes0y52j32PQ3BqQfXhyH3c=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/tools/mod/go.mod b/tools/mod/go.mod
index 79bee34ec..69a3ec9d8 100644
--- a/tools/mod/go.mod
+++ b/tools/mod/go.mod
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 module go.etcd.io/etcd/tools/v3
 
-go 1.22
+go 1.22.4
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
-	github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.8
+	github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.9
 	github.com/appscodelabs/license-bill-of-materials v0.0.0-20220707232035-6018e0c5287c
 	github.com/chzchzchz/goword v0.0.0-20170907005317-a9744cb52b03
 	github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v1.6.5
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint v1.59.1
 	github.com/google/addlicense v1.1.1
 	github.com/google/yamlfmt v0.13.0
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0
 	go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0
 	go.etcd.io/protodoc v0.0.0-20180829002748-484ab544e116
 	go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
-	gotest.tools/gotestsum v1.11.0
+	gotest.tools/gotestsum v1.12.0
 	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1
 	honnef.co/go/tools v0.4.7
 )
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/ashanbrown/forbidigo v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bitfield/gotestdox v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bitfield/gotestdox v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/blizzy78/varnamelen v0.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4 v4.6.0 // indirect
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/butuzov/mirror v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ccojocar/zxcvbn-go v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/charithe/durationcheck v0.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ckaznocha/intrange v0.1.2 // indirect
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/structtag v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/firefart/nonamedreturns v1.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fzipp/gocyclo v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.6 // indirect
 	github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.11.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcast v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcopy v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moricho/tparallel v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/nakabonne/nestif v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/nishanths/exhaustive v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/nishanths/predeclared v0.2.2 // indirect
@@ -152,8 +153,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/polyfloyd/go-errorlint v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard v0.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard/dsl v0.3.22 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/gogrep v0.5.0 // indirect
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/shazow/go-diff v0.0.0-20160112020656-b6b7b6733b8c // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/sivchari/containedctx v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
@@ -209,19 +210,19 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20240314144324-c7f7c6466f7f // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240513163218-0867130af1f8 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
diff --git a/tools/mod/go.sum b/tools/mod/go.sum
index a10309bbe..ac524e128 100644
--- a/tools/mod/go.sum
+++ b/tools/mod/go.sum
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4 h1:WCvlB3l5Vq5dZQTFmodqL2g68uHiSww
 github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4/go.mod h1:WyYPfhfkdhyrdaligV6svFopZV8Lqdzn5pyVBaV6jhQ=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0 h1:GhI2A8MACjfegCPVq9f1FLvIBS+DrQ2KQBFZP1iFzXc=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
-github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.8 h1:Ulve8gcZJTmxijuXg4xTyXVlZHUscQLlx2RdbTxkg+s=
-github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.8/go.mod h1:1sBw8iVh0P23Q52Z0eArvQOHNM2hONyyLnymJe+U0gc=
+github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.9 h1:rOmXAZyG3T2qDCCjXIoX8LyN43SYkMMtaT0UgOSE4Jc=
+github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.9/go.mod h1:KWyXCwCMBAxD0u9Nh5Y/7qcuDyi+akwLFIX2V3iexiA=
 github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4 h1:yZuKmjqGi0pSmjGpOC016LtPJysIL0WEUiaXW5SUnNg=
 github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:bF5i0zF2Wo2o4X4USt9ntUWve6JbFv02Ff4vlkmS/VU=
 github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0 h1:Hbq0/3fJPQhNkN0dR95AVrr6R7tou91y0uHG5pOcUuw=
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1 h1:iCQ87C0V0vSyO+M9E/FZYbu65auqH0lnsOkf5Fc
 github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1/go.mod h1:i1bJLCRSCHOcOa9Y6MyF2FTfMZMFdHvxKHxgO5Z1axI=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/bitfield/gotestdox v0.2.1 h1:Zj8IMLAO5/oiAKoMmtN96eyFiPZraJRTH2p0zDgtxc0=
-github.com/bitfield/gotestdox v0.2.1/go.mod h1:D+gwtS0urjBrzguAkTM2wodsTQYFHdpx8eqRJ3N+9pY=
+github.com/bitfield/gotestdox v0.2.2 h1:x6RcPAbBbErKLnapz1QeAlf3ospg8efBsedU93CDsnE=
+github.com/bitfield/gotestdox v0.2.2/go.mod h1:D+gwtS0urjBrzguAkTM2wodsTQYFHdpx8eqRJ3N+9pY=
 github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.1 h1:AeF71HZDob1P2/pRm1so9cd1alZnrpyc4q2uP2l0gJY=
 github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.1/go.mod h1:K/dT/M0FPAiYjBgQGau7tz+3TMh4FWAEqlMhzFWCrgM=
 github.com/blizzy78/varnamelen v0.8.0 h1:oqSblyuQvFsW1hbBHh1zfwrKe3kcSj0rnXkKzsQ089M=
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.7.1 h1:PGW5G/Kxn+YrN04cRAZKC+ZuvlVwolYMrIyy
 github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.7.1/go.mod h1:/wclWYompEyjUD2FuIIDVKNkqz7IgBIWXIH3V0Zol50=
 github.com/ccojocar/zxcvbn-go v1.0.2 h1:na/czXU8RrhXO4EZme6eQJLR4PzcGsahsBOAwU6I3Vg=
 github.com/ccojocar/zxcvbn-go v1.0.2/go.mod h1:g1qkXtUSvHP8lhHp5GrSmTz6uWALGRMQdw6Qnz/hi60=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/charithe/durationcheck v0.0.10 h1:wgw73BiocdBDQPik+zcEoBG/ob8uyBHf2iyoHGPf5w4=
 github.com/charithe/durationcheck v0.0.10/go.mod h1:bCWXb7gYRysD1CU3C+u4ceO49LoGOY1C1L6uouGNreQ=
 github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0 h1:2JHa3hbYf5D9dsgseMKAmc/MZ109otzgNFk5s87H9Pc=
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ github.com/dnephin/pflag v1.0.7/go.mod h1:uxE91IoWURlOiTUIA8Mq5ZZkAv3dPUfZNaT80Z
 github.com/ettle/strcase v0.2.0 h1:fGNiVF21fHXpX1niBgk0aROov1LagYsOwV/xqKDKR/Q=
 github.com/ettle/strcase v0.2.0/go.mod h1:DajmHElDSaX76ITe3/VHVyMin4LWSJN5Z909Wp+ED1A=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.15.0/go.mod h1:0h5ZqXfHYED7Bhv2ZJamyIOUej9KtShiJESRwBDUSsw=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0/go.mod h1:fL2Sau1YI5c0pdGEVCbKQbLXB6edEj1ZgiY4NijnWvE=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 h1:GlRw1BRJxkpqUCBKzKOw098ed57fEsKeNjpTe3cSjK4=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0/go.mod h1:YZ7TlrGPkiz6ku9fK3TLD/pl3CpsiFyu8N92HLgmosI=
 github.com/fatih/structtag v1.2.0 h1:/OdNE99OxoI/PqaW/SuSK9uxxT3f/tcSZgon/ssNSx4=
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@ github.com/firefart/nonamedreturns v1.0.5 h1:tM+Me2ZaXs8tfdDw3X6DOX++wMCOqzYUho6
 github.com/firefart/nonamedreturns v1.0.5/go.mod h1:gHJjDqhGM4WyPt639SOZs+G89Ko7QKH5R5BhnO6xJhw=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
-github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 h1:jRbGcIw6P2Meqdwuo0H1p6JVLbL5DHKAKlYndzMwVZI=
-github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4/go.mod h1:OVB6XrOHzAwXMpEM7uPOzcehqUV2UqJxmVXmkdnm1bU=
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 h1:8JEhPFa5W2WU7YfeZzPNqzMP6Lwt7L2715Ggo0nosvA=
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:40Bi/Hjc2AVfZrqy+aj+yEI+/bRxZnMJyTJwOpGvigM=
 github.com/fzipp/gocyclo v0.6.0 h1:lsblElZG7d3ALtGMx9fmxeTKZaLLpU8mET09yN4BBLo=
 github.com/fzipp/gocyclo v0.6.0/go.mod h1:rXPyn8fnlpa0R2csP/31uerbiVBugk5whMdlyaLkLoA=
 github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.6 h1:R7qEWaSgFCsy20yYHNIJsU9ZOb8TziSRRxuAOTVKeOk=
@@ -119,8 +120,8 @@ github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.6/go.mod h1:7lpeDnEJ1ZjL/YtyoN99ljO4z0pd3H0
 github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.11.4 h1:O7kGOCx0NDIni4czrkRIXTnit0mkyKOCePh3My6OyEU=
 github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.11.4/go.mod h1:2QAdo4iuLik5S9YG0rT4wcZ8QxwHYkrr6/2MWAiv/vc=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 h1:pKouT5E8xu9zeFC39JXRDukb6JFQPXM5p5I91188VAQ=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.6.0/go.mod h1:DCzpHaOWr8IXmIStZouvnhqoel9Qv2LBy8hT2VhHyBg=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1 h1:lUIinVbN1DY0xBg0eMOzmmtGoHwWBbvnWubQUrtU8EI=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1/go.mod h1:OXbVy3sEdcQ2Doequ6Z5BW6fXNQTmx+9S1MCJN5yJMI=
@@ -180,7 +181,6 @@ github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.7/go.mod h1:FSSBo8fyMVgqptbfF
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.1/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.4/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.8/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ github.com/gostaticanalysis/nilerr v0.1.1/go.mod h1:wZYb6YI5YAxxq0i1+VJbY0s2YONW
 github.com/gostaticanalysis/testutil v0.3.1-0.20210208050101-bfb5c8eec0e4/go.mod h1:D+FIZ+7OahH3ePw/izIEeH5I06eKs1IKI4Xr64/Am3M=
 github.com/gostaticanalysis/testutil v0.4.0 h1:nhdCmubdmDF6VEatUNjgUZBJKWRqugoISdUv3PPQgHY=
 github.com/gostaticanalysis/testutil v0.4.0/go.mod h1:bLIoPefWXrRi/ssLFWX1dx7Repi5x3CuviD3dgAZaBU=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.2.1/go.mod h1:fltr4n8CU8Ke44wwGCBoEymUuxUHl09ZGVZPK5anwXA=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 h1:5tqGy27NaOTB8yJKUZELlFAS/LTKJkrmONwQKeRZfjY=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fltr4n8CU8Ke44wwGCBoEymUuxUHl09ZGVZPK5anwXA=
@@ -306,6 +306,8 @@ github.com/moricho/tparallel v0.3.1 h1:fQKD4U1wRMAYNngDonW5XupoB/ZGJHdpzrWqgyg9k
 github.com/moricho/tparallel v0.3.1/go.mod h1:leENX2cUv7Sv2qDgdi0D0fCftN8fRC67Bcn8pqzeYNI=
 github.com/mreiferson/go-httpclient v0.0.0-20160630210159-31f0106b4474/go.mod h1:OQA4XLvDbMgS8P0CevmM4m9Q3Jq4phKUzcocxuGJ5m8=
 github.com/mreiferson/go-httpclient v0.0.0-20201222173833-5e475fde3a4d/go.mod h1:OQA4XLvDbMgS8P0CevmM4m9Q3Jq4phKUzcocxuGJ5m8=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/nakabonne/nestif v0.3.1 h1:wm28nZjhQY5HyYPx+weN3Q65k6ilSBxDb8v5S81B81U=
 github.com/nakabonne/nestif v0.3.1/go.mod h1:9EtoZochLn5iUprVDmDjqGKPofoUEBL8U4Ngq6aY7OE=
 github.com/nishanths/exhaustive v0.12.0 h1:vIY9sALmw6T/yxiASewa4TQcFsVYZQQRUQJhKRf3Swg=
@@ -342,10 +344,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 h1:wZWJDwK+NameRJuPGDhlnFgx8e8HN3XHQ
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJLZUq1hoULYBAYBw1Ho=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard v0.4.2 h1:htXcXDK6/rO12kiTHKfHuqR4kr3Y4M0J0rOL6CH/BYs=
 github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard v0.4.2/go.mod h1:GJLgqsLeo4qgavUoL8JeGFNS7qcisx3awV/w9eWTmNI=
 github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard/dsl v0.3.22 h1:wd8zkOhSNr+I+8Qeciml08ivDt1pSXe60+5DqOpCjPE=
@@ -390,8 +392,8 @@ github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVsIT4qYEQ=
 github.com/sivchari/containedctx v1.0.3 h1:x+etemjbsh2fB5ewm5FeLNi5bUjK0V8n0RB+Wwfd0XE=
 github.com/sivchari/containedctx v1.0.3/go.mod h1:c1RDvCbnJLtH4lLcYD/GqwiBSSf4F5Qk0xld2rBqzJ4=
-github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.7.1 h1:PSpuD4bu6fSmtWMxSGWcvqUUgIn7k3yOJhOIzVWn8Ak=
-github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.7.1/go.mod h1:64yStXKSOxDfX47NlhVwND4dHwfZDdbp2Lyl018Icvg=
+github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.10.0 h1:g/hzMA+dBCKqGXgW8AV/1xIWhAvDrx0zFKNR48NFMg0=
+github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.10.0/go.mod h1:tdY24masnVoZFxYrHv/nD6Tc8FbkEtAQEEziXpyMgqY=
 github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.0.2 h1:L7Dz4De2zDQhW8S0t+KUjY0MAQJd6SgVwhzNIc4ok00=
 github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.0.2/go.mod h1:kzFz+CzWSjQ2OzIm46uJZoXuBpa2+0y3T36U18dWqIo=
 github.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.7.0 h1:9uLlrd5T46OXs5qpp8L/MTltk0zikUGi0sNNyCpA8G0=
@@ -404,7 +406,6 @@ github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1 h1:e5/vxKd/rZsfSJMUX1agtjeTDf+qv1/JdBF8gg5k9ZM=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1/go.mod h1:wHxEcudfqmLYa8iTfL+OuZPbBZkmvliBWKIezN3kD9Y=
 github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.1.0 h1:ue6voC5bR5F8YxI5S67j9i582FU4Qvo2bmqnqMYADFk=
 github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.1.0/go.mod h1:aNWZUN0dPAAO/Ljvb5BEdw96iTZ0EXowPYD95IqWIGo=
-github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3/go.mod h1:DYY7MBk1bdzusC3SYhjObp+wFpr4gzcvqqNjLnInEg4=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/spf13/viper v1.12.0 h1:CZ7eSOd3kZoaYDLbXnmzgQI5RlciuXBMA+18HwHRfZQ=
@@ -521,8 +522,11 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5y
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RecgLatLF4+eUMCP1PoPZQb+cVrJcOPbHkTkbkB9sbw=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pYwdfH91IfpZVANVyUOhSIPZaFoJGxTFbZhFTx+dXZU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0/go.mod h1:xgJhtzW8F9jGdVFWZESrid1U1bjeNy4zgy5cRr/CIio=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0/go.mod h1:0BP7YvVV9gBbVKyeTG0Gyn+gZm94bibOW5BjDEYAOMs=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc h1:ao2WRsKSzW6KuUY9IWPwWahcHCgR0s52IfwutMfEbdM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc/go.mod h1:iRJReGqOEeBhDZGkGbynYwcHlctCvnjTYIamk7uXpHI=
 golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20220428152302-39d4317da171/go.mod h1:AbB0pIl9nAr9wVwH+Z2ZpaocVmF5I4GyWCDIsVjR0bk=
@@ -541,6 +545,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.7.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.9.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.16.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 h1:5+9lSbEzPSdWkH32vYPBwEpX8KwDbM52Ud9xBUvNlb0=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190311183353-d8887717615a/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
@@ -564,8 +570,11 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.7.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
 golang.org/x/net v0.8.0/go.mod h1:QVkue5JL9kW//ek3r6jTKnTFis1tRmNAW2P1shuFdJc=
 golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.12.0/go.mod h1:zEVYFnQC7m/vmpQFELhcD1EWkZlX69l4oqgmer6hfKA=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
+golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
+golang.org/x/net v0.22.0/go.mod h1:JKghWKKOSdJwpW2GEx0Ja7fmaKnMsbu+MWVZTokSYmg=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20200625203802-6e8e738ad208/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -574,6 +583,7 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -592,7 +602,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211019181941-9d821ace8654/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211105183446-c75c47738b0c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220412211240-33da011f77ad/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220702020025-31831981b65f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@@ -605,8 +614,13 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
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 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -617,8 +631,11 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
 golang.org/x/term v0.6.0/go.mod h1:m6U89DPEgQRMq3DNkDClhWw02AUbt2daBVO4cn4Hv9U=
 golang.org/x/term v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xPskH00ivmX89bAKVGSKKtLOWNx2+17Eiy94tnKShWo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.10.0/go.mod h1:lpqdcUyK/oCiQxvxVrppt5ggO2KCZ5QblwqPnfZ6d5o=
-golang.org/x/term v0.21.0 h1:WVXCp+/EBEHOj53Rvu+7KiT/iElMrO8ACK16SMZ3jaA=
-golang.org/x/term v0.21.0/go.mod h1:ooXLefLobQVslOqselCNF4SxFAaoS6KujMbsGzSDmX0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.12.0/go.mod h1:owVbMEjm3cBLCHdkQu9b1opXd4ETQWc3BhuQGKgXgvU=
+golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
+golang.org/x/term v0.18.0/go.mod h1:ILwASektA3OnRv7amZ1xhE/KTR+u50pbXfZ03+6Nx58=
+golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 h1:BbsgPEJULsl2fV/AT3v15Mjva5yXKQDyKf+TbDz7QJk=
+golang.org/x/term v0.22.0/go.mod h1:F3qCibpT5AMpCRfhfT53vVJwhLtIVHhB9XDjfFvnMI4=
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 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -631,6 +648,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.8.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
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 golang.org/x/text v0.11.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
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 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -659,18 +678,20 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.3.0/go.mod h1:/rWhSS2+zyEVwoJf8YAX6L2f0ntZ7Kn/mGgAWcipA5k=
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+golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
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-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240513163218-0867130af1f8 h1:mxSlqyb8ZAHsYDCfiXN1EDdNTdvjUJSLY+OnAUtYNYA=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240513163218-0867130af1f8/go.mod h1:I7Y+G38R2bu5j1aLzfFmQfTcU/WnFuqDwLZAbvKTKpM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
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+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
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@@ -686,9 +707,8 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
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-gotest.tools/gotestsum v1.11.0 h1:A88/QWw7acMjZH1dMe6KZFhw32odUOIjCiAU/Q4n3mI=
-gotest.tools/gotestsum v1.11.0/go.mod h1:cUOKgFEvWAP0twchmiOvdzX0SBZX0UI58bGRpRIu4xs=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:Mcr9QNxkg0uMvy/YElmo4SpXgJKWgQvYrT7Kw5RzJ1A=
+gotest.tools/gotestsum v1.12.0 h1:CmwtaGDkHxrZm4Ib0Vob89MTfpc3GrEFMJKovliPwGk=
+gotest.tools/gotestsum v1.12.0/go.mod h1:fAvqkSptospfSbQw26CTYzNwnsE/ztqLeyhP0h67ARY=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1/go.mod h1:isy3WKz7GK6uNw/sbHzfKBLvlvXwUyV06n6brMxxopU=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.4.7 h1:9MDAWxMoSnB6QoSqiVr7P5mtkT9pOc1kSxchzPCnqJs=
diff --git a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod
index af98caa91..155c63f46 100644
--- a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod
+++ b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/tools/rw-heatmaps/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/image v0.11.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/image v0.18.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum
index 3eb4d60d5..7abdff25f 100644
--- a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum
+++ b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum
@@ -33,52 +33,30 @@ github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1/go.mod h1:wHxEcudfqmLYa8iTfL+OuZPbBZkmvliBWKIezN3k
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
-github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230801115018-d63ba01acd4b h1:r+vk0EmXNmekl0S0BascoeeoHk/L7wmaW2QF90K+kYI=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230801115018-d63ba01acd4b/go.mod h1:FXUEEKJgO7OQYeo8N01OfiKP8RXMtf6e8aTskBGqWdc=
-golang.org/x/image v0.11.0 h1:ds2RoQvBvYTiJkwpSFDwCcDFNX7DqjL2WsUgTNk0Ooo=
-golang.org/x/image v0.11.0/go.mod h1:bglhjqbqVuEb9e9+eNR45Jfu7D+T4Qan+NhQk8Ck2P8=
+golang.org/x/image v0.18.0 h1:jGzIakQa/ZXI1I0Fxvaa9W7yP25TqT6cHIHn+6CqvSQ=
+golang.org/x/image v0.18.0/go.mod h1:4yyo5vMFQjVjUcVk4jEQcU9MGy/rulF5WvUILseCM2E=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.6.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.12.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0/go.mod h1:xkSsbof2nBLbhDlRMhhhyNLN/zl3eTqcnHD5viDpcZ0=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
diff --git a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod
index 8b182d686..c58e8d2f1 100644
--- a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod
+++ b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/tools/testgrid-analysis/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/testgrid v0.0.173
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum
index 971c1eaa5..6b9dafc42 100644
--- a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum
+++ b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum
@@ -1315,8 +1315,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.8.0/go.mod h1:QVkue5JL9kW//ek3r6jTKnTFis1tRmNAW2P1shuFdJc=
 golang.org/x/net v0.9.0/go.mod h1:d48xBJpPfHeWQsugry2m+kC02ZBRGRgulfHnEXEuWns=
 golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.12.0/go.mod h1:zEVYFnQC7m/vmpQFELhcD1EWkZlX69l4oqgmer6hfKA=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@@ -1463,8 +1463,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.7.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.9.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.1.0/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -1820,8 +1820,8 @@ google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20230706204954-ccb25ca9f130/go.
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20230720185612-659f7aaaa771/go.mod h1:TUfxEVdsvPg18p6AslUXFoLdpED4oBnGwyqk3dV1XzM=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20230731190214-cbb8c96f2d6d/go.mod h1:TUfxEVdsvPg18p6AslUXFoLdpED4oBnGwyqk3dV1XzM=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20230731193218-e0aa005b6bdf/go.mod h1:zBEcrKX2ZOcEkHWxBPAIvYUWOKKMIhYcmNiUIu2ji3I=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.1/go.mod h1:10oTOabMzJvdu6/UiuZezV6QK5dSlG84ov/aaiqXj38=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.1/go.mod h1:oYelfM1adQP15Ek0mdvEgi9Df8B9CZIaU1084ijfRaM=
@@ -1867,8 +1867,8 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.55.0/go.mod h1:iYEXKGkEBhg1PjZQvoYEVPTDkHo1/bjTnfwTeGO
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.56.1/go.mod h1:I9bI3vqKfayGqPUAwGdOSu7kt6oIJLixfffKrpXqQ9s=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.56.2/go.mod h1:I9bI3vqKfayGqPUAwGdOSu7kt6oIJLixfffKrpXqQ9s=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.57.0/go.mod h1:Sd+9RMTACXwmub0zcNY2c4arhtrbBYD1AUHI/dt16Mo=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.1.0/go.mod h1:6Kw0yEErY5E/yWrBtf03jp27GLLJujG4z/JK95pnjjw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=



Test patch:
diff --git a/client/pkg/testutil/leak.go b/client/pkg/testutil/leak.go
index bf5aecd62..185b8b7ad 100644
--- a/client/pkg/testutil/leak.go
+++ b/client/pkg/testutil/leak.go
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ func interestingGoroutines() (gs []string) {
 				"rcrypto/internal/boring.(*PublicKeyRSA).finalize",
 				"net.(*netFD).Close(",
 				"testing.(*T).Run",
+				"crypto/tls.(*certCache).evict",
 			}
 			for _, msg := range uninterestingMsgs {
 				if strings.Contains(stack, msg) {
diff --git a/client/v3/watch_test.go b/client/v3/watch_test.go
index 2a56ca4a9..721fc4a8a 100644
--- a/client/v3/watch_test.go
+++ b/client/v3/watch_test.go
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@
 package clientv3
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/mvccpb"
 )
 
@@ -53,3 +56,53 @@ func TestEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestStreamKeyFromCtx tests the streamKeyFromCtx function to ensure it correctly
+// formats metadata as a map[string][]string when extracting metadata from the context.
+//
+// The fmt package in Go guarantees that maps are printed in a consistent order,
+// sorted by the keys. This test verifies that the streamKeyFromCtx function
+// produces the expected formatted string representation of metadata maps when called with
+// various context scenarios.
+func TestStreamKeyFromCtx(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		ctx      context.Context
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "multiple keys",
+			ctx: metadata.NewOutgoingContext(context.Background(), metadata.MD{
+				"key1": []string{"value1"},
+				"key2": []string{"value2a", "value2b"},
+			}),
+			expected: "map[key1:[value1] key2:[value2a value2b]]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no keys",
+			ctx:      metadata.NewOutgoingContext(context.Background(), metadata.MD{}),
+			expected: "map[]",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "only one key",
+			ctx: metadata.NewOutgoingContext(context.Background(), metadata.MD{
+				"key1": []string{"value1", "value1a"},
+			}),
+			expected: "map[key1:[value1 value1a]]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no metadata",
+			ctx:      context.Background(),
+			expected: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			actual := streamKeyFromCtx(tt.ctx)
+			if actual != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("streamKeyFromCtx() = %v, expected %v", actual, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate_test.go b/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate_test.go
index a5bdcf8bd..198149671 100644
--- a/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate_test.go
+++ b/pkg/featuregate/feature_gate_test.go
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 package featuregate
 
 import (
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zaptest"
 )
@@ -203,15 +203,15 @@ func TestFeatureGateFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for i, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.arg, func(t *testing.T) {
-			fs := pflag.NewFlagSet("testfeaturegateflag", pflag.ContinueOnError)
+			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("testfeaturegateflag", flag.ContinueOnError)
 			f := New("test", zaptest.NewLogger(t))
 			f.Add(map[Feature]FeatureSpec{
 				testAlphaGate: {Default: false, PreRelease: Alpha},
 				testBetaGate:  {Default: false, PreRelease: Beta},
 			})
-			f.AddFlag(fs)
+			f.AddFlag(fs, defaultFlagName)
 
-			err := fs.Parse([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--%s=%s", flagName, test.arg)})
+			err := fs.Parse([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--%s=%s", defaultFlagName, test.arg)})
 			if test.parseError != "" {
 				if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.parseError) {
 					t.Errorf("%d: Parse() Expected %v, Got %v", i, test.parseError, err)
@@ -603,8 +603,8 @@ func TestFeatureGateOverrideDefault(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("returns error if already added to flag set", func(t *testing.T) {
 		f := New("test", zaptest.NewLogger(t))
-		fs := pflag.NewFlagSet("test", pflag.ContinueOnError)
-		f.AddFlag(fs)
+		fs := flag.NewFlagSet("test", flag.ContinueOnError)
+		f.AddFlag(fs, defaultFlagName)
 
 		if err := f.OverrideDefault("TestFeature", true); err == nil {
 			t.Error("expected a non-nil error to be returned")
diff --git a/pkg/wait/wait_time_test.go b/pkg/wait/wait_time_test.go
index 26164c4ac..204755828 100644
--- a/pkg/wait/wait_time_test.go
+++ b/pkg/wait/wait_time_test.go
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ func TestWaitTime(t *testing.T) {
 func TestWaitTestStress(t *testing.T) {
 	chs := make([]<-chan struct{}, 0)
 	wt := NewTimeList()
-	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
+	for i := 0; i <= 10000; i++ {
 		chs = append(chs, wt.Wait(uint64(i)))
 	}
-	wt.Trigger(10000 + 1)
+	wt.Trigger(10000)
 
 	for _, ch := range chs {
 		select {
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ func BenchmarkWaitTime(b *testing.B) {
 func BenchmarkTriggerAnd10KWaitTime(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		wt := NewTimeList()
-		for j := 0; j < 10000; j++ {
+		for j := 0; j <= 10000; j++ {
 			wt.Wait(uint64(j))
 		}
-		wt.Trigger(10000 + 1)
+		wt.Trigger(10000)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/server/embed/config_test.go b/server/embed/config_test.go
index 9153feb06..3e76b35b1 100644
--- a/server/embed/config_test.go
+++ b/server/embed/config_test.go
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/srv"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/transport"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/types"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/featuregate"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/features"
 )
 
 func notFoundErr(service, domain string) error {
@@ -89,6 +91,78 @@ func TestConfigFileOtherFields(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, false, cfg.SocketOpts.ReuseAddress, "ReuseAddress does not match")
 }
 
+func TestConfigFileFeatureGates(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                   string
+		serverFeatureGatesJSON string
+		expectErr              bool
+		expectedFeatures       map[featuregate.Feature]bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "default",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "set StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag to true",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "set both features to true",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "DistributedTracing=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.DistributedTracing:      true,
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "error setting unrecognized feature",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "DistributedTracing=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefragExp=true",
+			expectErr:              true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			yc := struct {
+				ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag *bool  `json:"experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag,omitempty"`
+				ServerFeatureGatesJSON              string `json:"feature-gates"`
+			}{
+				ServerFeatureGatesJSON: tc.serverFeatureGatesJSON,
+			}
+
+			b, err := yaml.Marshal(&yc)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			tmpfile := mustCreateCfgFile(t, b)
+			defer os.Remove(tmpfile.Name())
+
+			cfg, err := ConfigFromFile(tmpfile.Name())
+			if tc.expectErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatal("expect parse error")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			for k, v := range tc.expectedFeatures {
+				if cfg.ServerFeatureGate.Enabled(k) != v {
+					t.Errorf("expected feature gate %s=%v, got %v", k, v, cfg.ServerFeatureGate.Enabled(k))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // TestUpdateDefaultClusterFromName ensures that etcd can start with 'etcd --name=abc'.
 func TestUpdateDefaultClusterFromName(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := NewConfig()
diff --git a/server/etcdmain/config_test.go b/server/etcdmain/config_test.go
index a49dbb4d9..b4aa39b2a 100644
--- a/server/etcdmain/config_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/config_test.go
@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@ import (
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/featuregate"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/flags"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/embed"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/features"
 )
 
 func TestConfigParsingMemberFlags(t *testing.T) {
@@ -395,6 +397,55 @@ func TestFlagsPresentInHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestParseFeatureGateFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name             string
+		args             []string
+		expectErr        bool
+		expectedFeatures map[featuregate.Feature]bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "default",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "can set feature gate flag",
+			args: []string{
+				"--experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag=false",
+				fmt.Sprintf("--%s=DistributedTracing=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true", embed.ServerFeatureGateFlagName),
+			},
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.DistributedTracing:      true,
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := newConfig()
+			err := cfg.parse(tc.args)
+			if tc.expectErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatal("expect parse error")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			for k, v := range tc.expectedFeatures {
+				if cfg.ec.ServerFeatureGate.Enabled(k) != v {
+					t.Errorf("expected feature gate %s=%v, got %v", k, v, cfg.ec.ServerFeatureGate.Enabled(k))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func mustCreateCfgFile(t *testing.T, b []byte) *os.File {
 	tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "servercfg")
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/server/storage/mvcc/key_index_test.go b/server/storage/mvcc/key_index_test.go
index d607ec091..6a8adb911 100644
--- a/server/storage/mvcc/key_index_test.go
+++ b/server/storage/mvcc/key_index_test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexGet(t *testing.T) {
 	// modified: 16
 	// generations:
 	//    {empty}
-	//    {{14, 0}[1], {14, 1}[2], {16, 0}(t)[3]}
+	//    {{14, 0}[1], {15, 1}[2], {16, 0}(t)[3]}
 	//    {{8, 0}[1], {10, 0}[2], {12, 0}(t)[3]}
 	//    {{2, 0}[1], {4, 0}[2], {6, 0}(t)[3]}
 	ki := newTestKeyIndex(zaptest.NewLogger(t))
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ func TestKeyIndexGet(t *testing.T) {
 		{16, Revision{}, Revision{}, 0, ErrRevisionNotFound},
 
 		// get on generation 3
-		{15, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 14}, 2, nil},
-		{14, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 14}, 2, nil},
+		{15, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 14}, 2, nil},
+		{14, Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14}, 1, nil},
 
 		{13, Revision{}, Revision{}, 0, ErrRevisionNotFound},
 		{12, Revision{}, Revision{}, 0, ErrRevisionNotFound},
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ func TestKeyIndexSince(t *testing.T) {
 		Revision{Main: 8},
 		Revision{Main: 10},
 		Revision{Main: 12},
-		Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1},
+		Revision{Main: 14},
+		Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1},
 		Revision{Main: 16},
 	}
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexSince(t *testing.T) {
 		wrevs []Revision
 	}{
 		{17, nil},
-		{16, allRevs[6:]},
+		{16, allRevs[7:]},
 		{15, allRevs[6:]},
 		{14, allRevs[5:]},
 		{13, allRevs[5:]},
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 2}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 2}, Revision{Main: 4}, Revision{Main: 6}}},
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 2}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 2}, Revision{Main: 4}, Revision{Main: 6}}},
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 2}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 2}, Revision{Main: 4}, Revision{Main: 6}}},
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 2}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 4}, Revision{Main: 6}}},
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -293,7 +294,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 2}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 4}, Revision{Main: 6}}},
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 8}, Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
 					{created: Revision{Main: 8}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 10}, Revision{Main: 12}}},
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				key:      []byte("foo"),
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -405,7 +406,7 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				key:      []byte("foo"),
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
@@ -417,12 +418,12 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				key:      []byte("foo"),
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14}, Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
 			map[Revision]struct{}{
-				Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}: {},
+				Revision{Main: 14}: {},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -431,12 +432,12 @@ func TestKeyIndexCompactAndKeep(t *testing.T) {
 				key:      []byte("foo"),
 				modified: Revision{Main: 16},
 				generations: []generation{
-					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
+					{created: Revision{Main: 14}, ver: 3, revs: []Revision{Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}, Revision{Main: 16}}},
 					{},
 				},
 			},
 			map[Revision]struct{}{
-				Revision{Main: 14, Sub: 1}: {},
+				Revision{Main: 15, Sub: 1}: {},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -692,7 +693,7 @@ func newTestKeyIndex(lg *zap.Logger) *keyIndex {
 	// modified: 16
 	// generations:
 	//    {empty}
-	//    {{14, 0}[1], {14, 1}[2], {16, 0}(t)[3]}
+	//    {{14, 0}[1], {15, 1}[2], {16, 0}(t)[3]}
 	//    {{8, 0}[1], {10, 0}[2], {12, 0}(t)[3]}
 	//    {{2, 0}[1], {4, 0}[2], {6, 0}(t)[3]}
 
@@ -704,7 +705,7 @@ func newTestKeyIndex(lg *zap.Logger) *keyIndex {
 	ki.put(lg, 10, 0)
 	ki.tombstone(lg, 12, 0)
 	ki.put(lg, 14, 0)
-	ki.put(lg, 14, 1)
+	ki.put(lg, 15, 1)
 	ki.tombstone(lg, 16, 0)
 	return ki
 }
diff --git a/tests/Dockerfile b/tests/Dockerfile
deleted file mode 100644
index 091398fe3..000000000
--- a/tests/Dockerfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-FROM ubuntu:21.10
-
-RUN rm /bin/sh && ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh
-RUN echo 'debconf debconf/frontend select Noninteractive' | debconf-set-selections
-
-RUN apt-get -y update \
-  && apt-get -y install \
-  build-essential \
-  gcc \
-  apt-utils \
-  pkg-config \
-  software-properties-common \
-  apt-transport-https \
-  libssl-dev \
-  sudo \
-  bash \
-  curl \
-  wget \
-  tar \
-  git \
-  netcat \
-  libaspell-dev \
-  libhunspell-dev \
-  hunspell-en-us \
-  aspell-en \
-  shellcheck \
-  && apt-get -y update \
-  && apt-get -y upgrade \
-  && apt-get -y autoremove \
-  && apt-get -y autoclean
-
-ENV GOROOT /usr/local/go
-ENV GOPATH /go
-ENV PATH ${GOPATH}/bin:${GOROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-ENV GO_VERSION REPLACE_ME_GO_VERSION
-ENV GO_DOWNLOAD_URL https://storage.googleapis.com/golang
-RUN rm -rf ${GOROOT} \
-  && curl -s ${GO_DOWNLOAD_URL}/go${GO_VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -v -C /usr/local/ -xz \
-  && mkdir -p ${GOPATH}/src ${GOPATH}/bin \
-  && go version
-
-RUN mkdir -p ${GOPATH}/src/go.etcd.io/etcd
-WORKDIR ${GOPATH}/src/go.etcd.io/etcd
-
-ADD ./scripts/install-marker.sh /tmp/install-marker.sh
-
-RUN /tmp/install-marker.sh amd64 \
-  && rm -f /tmp/install-marker.sh \
-  && curl -s https://codecov.io/bash >/codecov \
-  && chmod 700 /codecov
diff --git a/tests/e2e/ctl_v3_kv_test.go b/tests/e2e/ctl_v3_kv_test.go
index b0a3fa491..89d8412d0 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/ctl_v3_kv_test.go
+++ b/tests/e2e/ctl_v3_kv_test.go
@@ -37,10 +37,11 @@ func TestCtlV3PutIgnoreLease(t *testing.T) { testCtl(t, putTestIgnoreLease) }
 
 func TestCtlV3GetTimeout(t *testing.T) { testCtl(t, getTest, withDefaultDialTimeout()) }
 
-func TestCtlV3GetFormat(t *testing.T)    { testCtl(t, getFormatTest) }
-func TestCtlV3GetRev(t *testing.T)       { testCtl(t, getRevTest) }
-func TestCtlV3GetKeysOnly(t *testing.T)  { testCtl(t, getKeysOnlyTest) }
-func TestCtlV3GetCountOnly(t *testing.T) { testCtl(t, getCountOnlyTest) }
+func TestCtlV3GetFormat(t *testing.T)             { testCtl(t, getFormatTest) }
+func TestCtlV3GetRev(t *testing.T)                { testCtl(t, getRevTest) }
+func TestCtlV3GetMinMaxCreateModRev(t *testing.T) { testCtl(t, getMinMaxCreateModRevTest) }
+func TestCtlV3GetKeysOnly(t *testing.T)           { testCtl(t, getKeysOnlyTest) }
+func TestCtlV3GetCountOnly(t *testing.T)          { testCtl(t, getCountOnlyTest) }
 
 func TestCtlV3DelTimeout(t *testing.T) { testCtl(t, delTest, withDefaultDialTimeout()) }
 
@@ -216,6 +217,39 @@ func getRevTest(cx ctlCtx) {
 	}
 }
 
+func getMinMaxCreateModRevTest(cx ctlCtx) {
+	var (
+		kvs = []kv{ //     revision:   store | key create | key modify
+			{"key1", "val1"}, //     2         2           2
+			{"key2", "val2"}, //     3         3           3
+			{"key1", "val3"}, //     4         2           4
+			{"key4", "val4"}, //     5         5           5
+		}
+	)
+	for i := range kvs {
+		if err := ctlV3Put(cx, kvs[i].key, kvs[i].val, ""); err != nil {
+			cx.t.Fatalf("getRevTest #%d: ctlV3Put error (%v)", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		args []string
+
+		wkv []kv
+	}{
+		{[]string{"key", "--prefix", "--max-create-rev", "3"}, []kv{kvs[1], kvs[2]}},
+		{[]string{"key", "--prefix", "--min-create-rev", "3"}, []kv{kvs[1], kvs[3]}},
+		{[]string{"key", "--prefix", "--max-mod-rev", "3"}, []kv{kvs[1]}},
+		{[]string{"key", "--prefix", "--min-mod-rev", "4"}, kvs[2:]},
+	}
+
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		if err := ctlV3Get(cx, tt.args, tt.wkv...); err != nil {
+			cx.t.Errorf("getMinModRevTest #%d: ctlV3Get error (%v)", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func getKeysOnlyTest(cx ctlCtx) {
 	if err := ctlV3Put(cx, "key", "val", ""); err != nil {
 		cx.t.Fatal(err)
diff --git a/tests/e2e/hashkv_test.go b/tests/e2e/hashkv_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e48fca323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/hashkv_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !cluster_proxy
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/fileutil"
+	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/framework/config"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/framework/e2e"
+)
+
+func TestVerifyHashKVAfterCompact(t *testing.T) {
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		clusterVersion e2e.ClusterVersion
+		keys           []string // used for data generators
+	}{
+		{
+			clusterVersion: e2e.CurrentVersion,
+			keys:           []string{"key0"},
+		},
+		{
+			clusterVersion: e2e.CurrentVersion,
+			keys:           []string{"key0", "key1"},
+		},
+		{
+			clusterVersion: e2e.QuorumLastVersion,
+			keys:           []string{"key0"},
+		},
+		{
+			clusterVersion: e2e.QuorumLastVersion,
+			keys:           []string{"key0", "key1"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, compactedOnTombstoneRev := range []bool{false, true} {
+		for _, scenario := range scenarios {
+			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("compactedOnTombstone=%v - %s - Keys=%v", compactedOnTombstoneRev, scenario.clusterVersion, scenario.keys), func(t *testing.T) {
+				e2e.BeforeTest(t)
+
+				if scenario.clusterVersion != e2e.CurrentVersion {
+					if !fileutil.Exist(e2e.BinPath.EtcdLastRelease) {
+						t.Skipf("%q does not exist", e2e.BinPath.EtcdLastRelease)
+					}
+				}
+
+				ctx := context.Background()
+
+				cfg := e2e.NewConfigClientTLS()
+				clus, err := e2e.NewEtcdProcessCluster(ctx, t,
+					e2e.WithConfig(cfg),
+					e2e.WithClusterSize(3),
+					e2e.WithVersion(scenario.clusterVersion))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				t.Cleanup(func() { clus.Close() })
+
+				tombstoneRevs, lastestRev := populateDataForHashKV(t, clus, cfg.Client, scenario.keys)
+
+				compactedOnRev := tombstoneRevs[0]
+
+				// If compaction revision isn't a tombstone, select a revision in the middle of two tombstones.
+				if !compactedOnTombstoneRev {
+					compactedOnRev = (tombstoneRevs[0] + tombstoneRevs[1]) / 2
+					require.Greater(t, tombstoneRevs[1], compactedOnRev)
+				}
+
+				cli, err := e2e.NewEtcdctl(cfg.Client, clus.EndpointsGRPC())
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				t.Logf("COMPACT on rev=%d", compactedOnRev)
+				_, err = cli.Compact(ctx, compactedOnRev, config.CompactOption{Physical: true})
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				for rev := compactedOnRev; rev <= lastestRev; rev++ {
+					verifyConsistentHashKVAcrossAllMembers(t, cli, rev)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVerifyHashKVAfterTwoCompactionsOnTombstone_MixVersions(t *testing.T) {
+	e2e.BeforeTest(t)
+
+	if !fileutil.Exist(e2e.BinPath.EtcdLastRelease) {
+		t.Skipf("%q does not exist", e2e.BinPath.EtcdLastRelease)
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cfg := e2e.NewConfigClientTLS()
+	clus, err := e2e.NewEtcdProcessCluster(ctx, t,
+		e2e.WithConfig(cfg),
+		e2e.WithClusterSize(3),
+		e2e.WithVersion(e2e.QuorumLastVersion))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { clus.Close() })
+
+	tombstoneRevs, lastestRev := populateDataForHashKV(t, clus, cfg.Client, []string{"key0"})
+
+	cli, err := e2e.NewEtcdctl(cfg.Client, clus.EndpointsGRPC())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	firstCompactOnRev := tombstoneRevs[0]
+	t.Logf("COMPACT rev=%d", firstCompactOnRev)
+	_, err = cli.Compact(ctx, firstCompactOnRev, config.CompactOption{Physical: true})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	secondCompactOnRev := tombstoneRevs[1]
+	t.Logf("COMPACT rev=%d", secondCompactOnRev)
+	_, err = cli.Compact(ctx, secondCompactOnRev, config.CompactOption{Physical: true})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for rev := secondCompactOnRev; rev <= lastestRev; rev++ {
+		verifyConsistentHashKVAcrossAllMembers(t, cli, rev)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVerifyHashKVAfterCompactionOnLastTombstone_MixVersions(t *testing.T) {
+	e2e.BeforeTest(t)
+
+	if !fileutil.Exist(e2e.BinPath.EtcdLastRelease) {
+		t.Skipf("%q does not exist", e2e.BinPath.EtcdLastRelease)
+	}
+
+	for _, keys := range [][]string{
+		[]string{"key0"},
+		[]string{"key0", "key1"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("#%v", keys), func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			cfg := e2e.NewConfigClientTLS()
+			clus, err := e2e.NewEtcdProcessCluster(ctx, t,
+				e2e.WithConfig(cfg),
+				e2e.WithClusterSize(3),
+				e2e.WithVersion(e2e.QuorumLastVersion))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { clus.Close() })
+
+			tombstoneRevs, lastestRev := populateDataForHashKV(t, clus, cfg.Client, keys)
+
+			cli, err := e2e.NewEtcdctl(cfg.Client, clus.EndpointsGRPC())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			compactOnRev := tombstoneRevs[len(tombstoneRevs)-1]
+			t.Logf("COMPACT rev=%d", compactOnRev)
+			_, err = cli.Compact(ctx, compactOnRev, config.CompactOption{Physical: true})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			for rev := compactOnRev; rev <= lastestRev; rev++ {
+				verifyConsistentHashKVAcrossAllMembers(t, cli, rev)
+			}
+
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// populateDataForHashKV populates some sample data, and return a slice of tombstone
+// revisions and the latest revision
+func populateDataForHashKV(t *testing.T, clus *e2e.EtcdProcessCluster, clientCfg e2e.ClientConfig, keys []string) ([]int64, int64) {
+	c := newClient(t, clus.EndpointsGRPC(), clientCfg)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	totalOperations := 40
+
+	var (
+		tombStoneRevs []int64
+		latestRev     int64
+	)
+
+	deleteStep := 10 // submit a delete operation on every 10 operations
+	for i := 1; i <= totalOperations; i++ {
+		if i%deleteStep == 0 {
+			t.Logf("Deleting key=%s", keys[0]) // Only delete the first key for simplicity
+			resp, derr := c.Delete(ctx, keys[0])
+			require.NoError(t, derr)
+			latestRev = resp.Header.Revision
+			tombStoneRevs = append(tombStoneRevs, resp.Header.Revision)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		value := fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+		var ops []clientv3.Op
+		for _, key := range keys {
+			ops = append(ops, clientv3.OpPut(key, value))
+		}
+
+		t.Logf("Writing keys: %v, value: %s", keys, value)
+		resp, terr := c.Txn(ctx).Then(ops...).Commit()
+		require.NoError(t, terr)
+		require.True(t, resp.Succeeded)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Responses, len(ops))
+		latestRev = resp.Header.Revision
+	}
+	return tombStoneRevs, latestRev
+}
+
+func verifyConsistentHashKVAcrossAllMembers(t *testing.T, cli *e2e.EtcdctlV3, hashKVOnRev int64) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	t.Logf("HashKV on rev=%d", hashKVOnRev)
+	resp, err := cli.HashKV(ctx, hashKVOnRev)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Greater(t, len(resp), 1)
+	require.True(t, resp[0].Hash != 0)
+	t.Logf("One Hash value is %d", resp[0].Hash)
+
+	for i := 1; i < len(resp); i++ {
+		require.Equal(t, resp[0].Hash, resp[i].Hash)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/zap_logging_test.go b/tests/e2e/zap_logging_test.go
index 668311ba9..d2598fad5 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/zap_logging_test.go
+++ b/tests/e2e/zap_logging_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/framework/e2e"
 )
 
@@ -73,3 +75,84 @@ type logEntry struct {
 	Caller    string `json:"caller"`
 	Message   string `json:"msg"`
 }
+
+func TestConnectionRejectMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	e2e.SkipInShortMode(t)
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name           string
+		url            string
+		expectedErrMsg string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "reject client connection",
+			url:            "https://127.0.0.1:2379/version",
+			expectedErrMsg: "rejected connection on client endpoint",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "reject peer connection",
+			url:            "https://127.0.0.1:2380/members",
+			expectedErrMsg: "rejected connection on peer endpoint",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			commonArgs := []string{
+				e2e.BinPath.Etcd,
+				"--name", "etcd1",
+				"--listen-client-urls", "https://127.0.0.1:2379",
+				"--advertise-client-urls", "https://127.0.0.1:2379",
+				"--cert-file", e2e.CertPath,
+				"--key-file", e2e.PrivateKeyPath,
+				"--trusted-ca-file", e2e.CaPath,
+				"--listen-peer-urls", "https://127.0.0.1:2380",
+				"--initial-advertise-peer-urls", "https://127.0.0.1:2380",
+				"--initial-cluster", "etcd1=https://127.0.0.1:2380",
+				"--peer-cert-file", e2e.CertPath,
+				"--peer-key-file", e2e.PrivateKeyPath,
+				"--peer-trusted-ca-file", e2e.CaPath,
+			}
+
+			t.Log("Starting an etcd process and wait for it to get ready.")
+			p, err := e2e.SpawnCmd(commonArgs, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			err = e2e.WaitReadyExpectProc(context.TODO(), p, e2e.EtcdServerReadyLines)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer func() {
+				p.Stop()
+				p.Close()
+			}()
+
+			t.Log("Starting a separate goroutine to verify the expected output.")
+			startedCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+			doneCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+			go func() {
+				startedCh <- struct{}{}
+				verr := e2e.WaitReadyExpectProc(context.TODO(), p, []string{tc.expectedErrMsg})
+				require.NoError(t, verr)
+				doneCh <- struct{}{}
+			}()
+
+			// wait for the goroutine to get started
+			<-startedCh
+
+			t.Log("Running curl command to trigger the corresponding warning message.")
+			curlCmdArgs := []string{"curl", "--connect-timeout", "1", "-k", tc.url}
+			curlCmd, err := e2e.SpawnCmd(curlCmdArgs, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			defer func() {
+				curlCmd.Stop()
+				curlCmd.Close()
+			}()
+
+			t.Log("Waiting for the result.")
+			select {
+			case <-doneCh:
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("Timed out waiting for the result")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/go.mod b/tests/go.mod
index 8fc1d067c..f34b1a0f7 100644
--- a/tests/go.mod
+++ b/tests/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.4
+toolchain go1.22.5
 
 replace (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 => ../api
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0
 	github.com/soheilhy/cmux v0.1.5
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
@@ -37,47 +37,49 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0
 	go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.18 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1 // indirect
@@ -87,13 +89,13 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.0-alpha.1 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211020170558-c049b76a60c6 // indirect
diff --git a/tests/go.sum b/tests/go.sum
index bb5fb7560..b5400cb4e 100644
--- a/tests/go.sum
+++ b/tests/go.sum
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ github.com/anishathalye/porcupine v0.1.4 h1:rRekB2jH1mbtLPEzuqyMHp4scU52Bcc1jgkP
 github.com/anishathalye/porcupine v0.1.4/go.mod h1:/X9OQYnVb7DzfKCQVO4tI1Aq+o56UJW+RvN/5U4EuZA=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0 h1:ByYyxL9InA1OWqxJqqp2A5pYHUrCiAL6K3J+LKSsQkY=
-github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
+github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0 h1:tgObeVOf8WAvtuAX6DhJ4xks4CFNwPDZiqzGqIHE51E=
+github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5 h1:QuuUzeM2WsAqG2gMqtzaWithDJv0i+i6UlnwSCI4QLk=
 github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3 v3.1.5/go.mod h1:CrxkeghYTXi1lQBEI7jSn+3svI3cuc19haAj6jM60XI=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0/go.mod h1:YZ7TlrGPkiz6ku9fK3TLD/pl3CpsiFyu8N92HLg
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 h1:pKouT5E8xu9zeFC39JXRDukb6JFQPXM5p5I91188VAQ=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0/go.mod h1:v0f6uXyyMGvRgIKkXu+yp6POWl0qKG85gN/melR3HDY=
@@ -65,14 +65,16 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5a
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 h1:+/TMaTYc4QFitKJxsQ7Yye35DkWvkdLcvGKqM+x0Ufc=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0 h1:+9834+KizmvFV7pXQGSXQTsaWhq2GjuNUt0aUU0YBYw=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0/go.mod h1:z0ButlSOZa5vEBq9m2m2hlwIgKw+rp3sdCBRoJY+30Y=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92BcuyuQ/YW4NSIpoGtfXNho=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0 h1:CWyXh/jylQWp2dtiV33mY4iSSp6yf4lmn+c7/tN+ObI=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:nCLIt0w3Ept2NwF8ThLmrppXsfT07oC8k0XNDxd8sVU=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.4.0 h1:p4Cf1aMWXnXAUh8lVfewRBx1zaTSYKrKMF2g3ST4RZ4=
@@ -93,6 +95,8 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9/go.mod h1:H031xJmbD/WCDINGzjvQ9THkh0rPKHF+m2gUSrubnMI=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 h1:UNAjwbU9l54TA3KzvqLGxwWjHmMgBUVhBiTjelZgg3U=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
+github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 h1:P2Ga83D34wi1o9J6Wh1mRuqd4mF/x/lgBS7N7AbDhec=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5/go.mod h1:hPp6KlRPjbx+hW8ykQs1w3UBbZlj6HuIJcUGPhkA7kY=
 github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UkNAQd3GIcIGf0SeVgPpRdFStlNbqXla1AfSYxPUl2o=
@@ -104,10 +108,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJL
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0 h1:ZlZy0BgJhTwVZUn7dLOkwCZHUkrAqd3WYtcFCWnM1D8=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.54.0/go.mod h1:/TQgMJP5CuVYveyT7n/0Ix8yLNNXy9yRSkhnLTHPDIQ=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
@@ -142,20 +146,20 @@ go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0 h1:p19drv16FKK345a09a1iubchlw/vmRuksmRzgBIGjcA=
 go.etcd.io/gofail v0.2.0/go.mod h1:nL3ILMGfkXTekKI3clMBNazKnjUZjYLKmBHzsVAnC1o=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0 h1:cMmjAEjCKMGiQPowjSWM43Y5ZnBEeNP8RSYcm3ewtns=
 go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0/go.mod h1:QpxpKeYmocQQFHP75LxNrdJTukZmqQig9lotwYLsUJY=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0 h1:vS1Ao/R55RNV4O7TA2Qopok8yN+X0LIP6RVWLFkprck=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.52.0/go.mod h1:BMsdeOxN04K0L5FNUBfjFdvwWGNe/rkmSwH4Aelu/X0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0 h1:9BZoF3yMK/O1AafMiQTVu0YDj5Ea4hPhxCs7sGva+cg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.27.0/go.mod h1:DMpAK8fzYRzs+bi3rS5REupisuqTheUlSZJ1WnZaPAQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 h1:9G6E0TXzGFVfTnawRzrPl83iHOAV7L8NJiR8RSGYV1g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0/go.mod h1:azvtTADFQJA8mX80jIH/akaE7h+dbm/sVuaHqN13w74=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0 h1:/SqNcYk+idO0CxKEUOtKQClMK/MimZihKYMruSMViUo=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.28.0/go.mod h1:q68ijF8Fc8CnMHKyzqL6akLO46ePnjkgfIMIjUIX9z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0 h1:R9DE4kQ4k+YtfLI2ULwX82VtNQ2J8yZmA7ZIF/D+7Mc=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:OQFyQVrDlbe+R7xrEyDr/2Wr67Ol0hRUgsfA+V5A95s=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 h1:qFffATk0X+HD+f1Z8lswGiOQYKHRlzfmdJm0wEaVrFA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:MOiCmryaYtc+V0Ei+Tx9o5S1ZjA7kzLucuVuyzBZloQ=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0 h1:hvj3vdEKyeCi4YaYfNjv2NUje8FqKqUY8IlF0FxV/ik=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.27.0/go.mod h1:mVFgmRlhljgBiuk/MP/oKylr4hs85GZAylncepAX/ak=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0 h1:mlk+/Y1gLPLn84U4tI8d3GNJmGT/eXe3ZuOXN9kTWmI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.27.0/go.mod h1:Ha9vbLwJE6W86YstIywK2xFfPjbWlCuwPtMkKdz/Y4A=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 h1:IqYb813p7cmbHk0a5y6pD5JPakbVfftRXABGt5/Rscw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0/go.mod h1:6RiD1hkAprV4/q+yd2ln1HG9GoPx39SuvvstaLBl+l4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 h1:f0HGvSl1KRAU1DLgLGFjrwVyismPlnuU6JD6bOeuA5Q=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0/go.mod h1:Fb1eVBFZmLVTMb6PPohq3TO9IIhUisDsbJoL/+uQW4s=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0 h1:b9d7hIry8yZsgtbmM0DKyPWMMUMlK9NEKuIG4aBqWyE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0/go.mod h1:oYj7ClPUA7Iw3m+r7GeEjz0qckQRJK2B8zjcZEfu7Pg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 h1:GhQ9cUuQGmNDd5BTCP2dAvv75RdMxEfTmYejp+lkx9g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0/go.mod h1:jPyXzNPg6da9+38HEwElrQiHlVMTnVfM3/yv2OlIHaI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 h1:TrMUixzpM0yuc/znrFTP9MMRh8trP93mkCiDVeXrui0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1/go.mod h1:0X1WI4de4ZsLrrJNLAQbFeLCm3T7yBkR0XqQ7niQU+8=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
@@ -170,8 +174,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -187,8 +191,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -205,8 +209,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
@@ -230,17 +234,17 @@ google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200423170343-7949de9c1215/go.mod h1:55QSHmfGQM9UVYDPBsyGGes0y52j32PQ3BqQfXhyH3c=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:P8OJ/WCl/Xo4E4zoe4/bifHpSmmKwARqyqE4nW6J2GQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:RGnPtTG7r4i8sPlNyDeikXF99hMM+hN6QMm4ooG9g2g=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5 h1:Q2RxlXqh1cgzzUgV261vBO2jI5R/3DD1J2pM0nI4NhU=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240520151616-dc85e6b867a5/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:YIa/rzVqMEokBkPtydCkx1VLmv3An1Uw7w1P1m6EhOY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/tests/robustness/traffic/traffic.go b/tests/robustness/traffic/traffic.go
index 92d7a5c66..7f8610963 100644
--- a/tests/robustness/traffic/traffic.go
+++ b/tests/robustness/traffic/traffic.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var (
 	HighTrafficProfile = Profile{
 		MinimalQPS:                     200,
 		MaximalQPS:                     1000,
-		ClientCount:                    12,
+		ClientCount:                    10,
 		MaxNonUniqueRequestConcurrency: 3,
 	}
 )
diff --git a/tests/robustness/watch.go b/tests/robustness/watch.go
index 45869446f..3da853f00 100644
--- a/tests/robustness/watch.go
+++ b/tests/robustness/watch.go
@@ -129,13 +129,11 @@ func validateGotAtLeastOneProgressNotify(t *testing.T, reports []report.ClientRe
 external:
 	for _, r := range reports {
 		for _, op := range r.Watch {
-			var lastHeadRevision int64 = 1
 			for _, resp := range op.Responses {
-				if resp.IsProgressNotify && resp.Revision == lastHeadRevision {
+				if resp.IsProgressNotify {
 					gotProgressNotify = true
 					break external
 				}
-				lastHeadRevision = resp.Revision
 			}
 		}
 	}