Repository: envoyproxy/gateway

Issue:
bug: Error when using Hugo 0.147.3+: 'no such template "_default/_markup/td-render-heading.html"'
*Description*:
When using newer versions of Hugo (0.147.3+) with the Envoy Gateway documentation site, template generation fails due to a missing template file. This affects both building the site and creating new documentation using archetypes.

*Repro steps*:
1. Upgrade Hugo versions (0.147.3+) 
2. Try to use create a doc template
`hugo new --kind task content/en/latest/tasks/your-category/your-new-task.md`

You will see the following error:
`html/template:_markup/render-heading.html:1:12: no such template "_default/_markup/td-render-heading.html"`




Hints from issue comments:

Solution patch:
diff --git a/api/v1alpha1/oidc_types.go b/api/v1alpha1/oidc_types.go
index de05eb167..11fb22051 100644
--- a/api/v1alpha1/oidc_types.go
+++ b/api/v1alpha1/oidc_types.go
@@ -102,6 +102,16 @@ type OIDC struct {
 	// Note: this field is only applicable when the "refreshToken" field is set to true.
 	// +optional
 	DefaultRefreshTokenTTL *metav1.Duration `json:"defaultRefreshTokenTTL,omitempty"`
+
+	// Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains a header that will be extracted by the JWT filter. Unless
+	// explicitly stated otherwise in the extractFrom field, this will be the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.
+	//
+	// The passThroughAuthHeader option is typically used for non-browser clients that may not be able to handle OIDC
+	// redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.
+	//
+	// If not specified, defaults to false.
+	// +optional
+	PassThroughAuthHeader *bool `json:"passThroughAuthHeader,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // OIDCProvider defines the OIDC Provider configuration.
diff --git a/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go b/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
index 87c150497..322875c03 100644
--- a/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -4419,6 +4419,11 @@ func (in *OIDC) DeepCopyInto(out *OIDC) {
 		*out = new(metav1.Duration)
 		**out = **in
 	}
+	if in.PassThroughAuthHeader != nil {
+		in, out := &in.PassThroughAuthHeader, &out.PassThroughAuthHeader
+		*out = new(bool)
+		**out = **in
+	}
 }
 
 // DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new OIDC.
diff --git a/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml b/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml
index a63bf9162..5e4f67965 100644
--- a/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml
+++ b/charts/gateway-crds-helm/templates/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml
@@ -3626,6 +3626,16 @@ spec:
 
                       If not specified, uses a default logout path "/logout"
                     type: string
+                  passThroughAuthHeader:
+                    description: |-
+                      Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains a header that will be extracted by the JWT filter. Unless
+                      explicitly stated otherwise in the extractFrom field, this will be the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.
+
+                      The passThroughAuthHeader option is typically used for non-browser clients that may not be able to handle OIDC
+                      redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.
+
+                      If not specified, defaults to false.
+                    type: boolean
                   provider:
                     description: The OIDC Provider configuration.
                     properties:
diff --git a/charts/gateway-helm/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml b/charts/gateway-helm/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml
index da26002a0..accfa3aa2 100644
--- a/charts/gateway-helm/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml
+++ b/charts/gateway-helm/crds/generated/gateway.envoyproxy.io_securitypolicies.yaml
@@ -3625,6 +3625,16 @@ spec:
 
                       If not specified, uses a default logout path "/logout"
                     type: string
+                  passThroughAuthHeader:
+                    description: |-
+                      Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains a header that will be extracted by the JWT filter. Unless
+                      explicitly stated otherwise in the extractFrom field, this will be the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.
+
+                      The passThroughAuthHeader option is typically used for non-browser clients that may not be able to handle OIDC
+                      redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.
+
+                      If not specified, defaults to false.
+                    type: boolean
                   provider:
                     description: The OIDC Provider configuration.
                     properties:
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 808c826c4..2ad40b462 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ go 1.24.2
 require (
 	fortio.org/fortio v1.69.4
 	fortio.org/log v1.17.2
-	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1
 	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.1.1
 	github.com/avast/retry-go v3.0.0+incompatible
@@ -111,6 +110,7 @@ require (
 	fortio.org/version v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 // indirect
 	github.com/Antonboom/errname v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.6.0 // indirect
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy.go b/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy.go
index e2dd18b2b..fce38a2e5 100644
--- a/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy.go
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy.go
@@ -39,11 +39,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	defaultRedirectURL        = "%REQ(x-forwarded-proto)%://%REQ(:authority)%/oauth2/callback"
-	defaultRedirectPath       = "/oauth2/callback"
-	defaultLogoutPath         = "/logout"
-	defaultForwardAccessToken = false
-	defaultRefreshToken       = false
+	defaultRedirectURL           = "%REQ(x-forwarded-proto)%://%REQ(:authority)%/oauth2/callback"
+	defaultRedirectPath          = "/oauth2/callback"
+	defaultLogoutPath            = "/logout"
+	defaultForwardAccessToken    = false
+	defaultRefreshToken          = false
+	defaultPassThroughAuthHeader = false
 
 	// nolint: gosec
 	oidcHMACSecretName = "envoy-oidc-hmac"
@@ -270,6 +271,27 @@ func validateSecurityPolicy(p *egv1a1.SecurityPolicy) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+
+	oidc := p.Spec.OIDC
+	jwt := p.Spec.JWT
+	if oidc != nil && oidc.PassThroughAuthHeader != nil && *oidc.PassThroughAuthHeader {
+		if jwt == nil {
+			return errors.New("the OIDC.PassThroughAuthHeader setting must be used in conjunction with JWT settings")
+		}
+
+		hasValidJwtExtractor := false
+		for _, provider := range jwt.Providers {
+			// When ExtractFrom is not specified it falls back to looking at the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header
+			if provider.ExtractFrom == nil || len(provider.ExtractFrom.Headers) > 0 {
+				hasValidJwtExtractor = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !hasValidJwtExtractor {
+			return errors.New("the OIDC.PassThroughAuthHeader setting must be used in conjunction with a JWT provider that is configured to read from a header")
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -843,15 +865,16 @@ func (t *Translator) buildOIDC(
 	envoyProxy *egv1a1.EnvoyProxy,
 ) (*ir.OIDC, error) {
 	var (
-		oidc               = policy.Spec.OIDC
-		provider           *ir.OIDCProvider
-		clientSecret       *corev1.Secret
-		redirectURL        = defaultRedirectURL
-		redirectPath       = defaultRedirectPath
-		logoutPath         = defaultLogoutPath
-		forwardAccessToken = defaultForwardAccessToken
-		refreshToken       = defaultRefreshToken
-		err                error
+		oidc                  = policy.Spec.OIDC
+		provider              *ir.OIDCProvider
+		clientSecret          *corev1.Secret
+		redirectURL           = defaultRedirectURL
+		redirectPath          = defaultRedirectPath
+		logoutPath            = defaultLogoutPath
+		forwardAccessToken    = defaultForwardAccessToken
+		refreshToken          = defaultRefreshToken
+		passThroughAuthHeader = defaultPassThroughAuthHeader
+		err                   error
 	)
 
 	if provider, err = t.buildOIDCProvider(policy, resources, envoyProxy); err != nil {
@@ -896,6 +919,10 @@ func (t *Translator) buildOIDC(
 		refreshToken = *oidc.RefreshToken
 	}
 
+	if oidc.PassThroughAuthHeader != nil {
+		passThroughAuthHeader = *oidc.PassThroughAuthHeader
+	}
+
 	// Generate a unique cookie suffix for oauth filters.
 	// This is to avoid cookie name collision when multiple security policies are applied
 	// to the same route.
@@ -933,6 +960,7 @@ func (t *Translator) buildOIDC(
 		CookieNameOverrides:    policy.Spec.OIDC.CookieNames,
 		CookieDomain:           policy.Spec.OIDC.CookieDomain,
 		HMACSecret:             hmacData,
+		PassThroughAuthHeader:  passThroughAuthHeader,
 	}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/ir/xds.go b/internal/ir/xds.go
index 30bd1d1fc..b3759e45f 100644
--- a/internal/ir/xds.go
+++ b/internal/ir/xds.go
@@ -1094,6 +1094,11 @@ type OIDC struct {
 
 	// CookieDomain sets the domain of the cookies set by the oauth filter.
 	CookieDomain *string `json:"cookieDomain,omitempty"`
+
+	// Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains any header that will be extracted by the JWT
+	// filter, normally "Authorization: Bearer ...". This is typically used for non-browser clients that
+	// may not be able to handle OIDC redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.
+	PassThroughAuthHeader bool `json:"passThroughAuthHeader,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // OIDCProvider defines the schema for the OIDC Provider.
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/oidc.go b/internal/xds/translator/oidc.go
index 60527be07..b5082361e 100644
--- a/internal/xds/translator/oidc.go
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/oidc.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (*oidc) patchHCM(mgr *hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager, irListener *ir.HTTPListe
 			continue
 		}
 
-		filter, err := buildHCMOAuth2Filter(route.Security.OIDC)
+		filter, err := buildHCMOAuth2Filter(route.Security)
 		if err != nil {
 			errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 			continue
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ func (*oidc) patchHCM(mgr *hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager, irListener *ir.HTTPListe
 }
 
 // buildHCMOAuth2Filter returns an OAuth2 HTTP filter from the provided IR HTTPRoute.
-func buildHCMOAuth2Filter(oidc *ir.OIDC) (*hcmv3.HttpFilter, error) {
-	oauth2Proto, err := oauth2Config(oidc)
+func buildHCMOAuth2Filter(securityFeatures *ir.SecurityFeatures) (*hcmv3.HttpFilter, error) {
+	oauth2Proto, err := oauth2Config(securityFeatures)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func buildHCMOAuth2Filter(oidc *ir.OIDC) (*hcmv3.HttpFilter, error) {
 	}
 
 	return &hcmv3.HttpFilter{
-		Name:     oauth2FilterName(oidc),
+		Name:     oauth2FilterName(securityFeatures.OIDC),
 		Disabled: true,
 		ConfigType: &hcmv3.HttpFilter_TypedConfig{
 			TypedConfig: OAuth2Any,
@@ -97,12 +97,14 @@ func oauth2FilterName(oidc *ir.OIDC) string {
 	return perRouteFilterName(egv1a1.EnvoyFilterOAuth2, oidc.Name)
 }
 
-func oauth2Config(oidc *ir.OIDC) (*oauth2v3.OAuth2, error) {
+func oauth2Config(securityFeatures *ir.SecurityFeatures) (*oauth2v3.OAuth2, error) {
 	var (
 		tokenEndpointCluster string
 		err                  error
 	)
 
+	oidc := securityFeatures.OIDC
+
 	if oidc.Provider.Destination != nil && len(oidc.Provider.Destination.Settings) > 0 {
 		tokenEndpointCluster = oidc.Provider.Destination.Name
 	} else {
@@ -221,9 +223,48 @@ func oauth2Config(oidc *ir.OIDC) (*oauth2v3.OAuth2, error) {
 		}
 		oauth2.Config.RetryPolicy = rp
 	}
+
+	if oidc.PassThroughAuthHeader {
+		oauth2.Config.PassThroughMatcher = buildHeaderMatchers(securityFeatures.JWT)
+	}
+
 	return oauth2, nil
 }
 
+func buildHeaderMatchers(jwt *ir.JWT) []*routev3.HeaderMatcher {
+	// Bypass OIDC if a header that will be handled by JWT is passed.
+	passThroughMatchers := make([]*routev3.HeaderMatcher, 0, len(jwt.Providers))
+
+	for _, provider := range jwt.Providers {
+		if provider.ExtractFrom == nil {
+			// If extractFrom is not specified, it adds "Authorization: Bearer ..." as a default
+			stringMatcher := matcherv3.StringMatcher{MatchPattern: &matcherv3.StringMatcher_Prefix{Prefix: "Bearer "}}
+			headerMatcher := routev3.HeaderMatcher{
+				Name:                 "Authorization",
+				HeaderMatchSpecifier: &routev3.HeaderMatcher_StringMatch{StringMatch: &stringMatcher},
+			}
+			passThroughMatchers = append(passThroughMatchers, &headerMatcher)
+		} else {
+			// Any matching header will be bypassed (JWT effectively OR's them).
+			for _, extractHeader := range provider.ExtractFrom.Headers {
+				if extractHeader.ValuePrefix == nil {
+					headerMatcher := routev3.HeaderMatcher{Name: extractHeader.Name}
+					passThroughMatchers = append(passThroughMatchers, &headerMatcher)
+				} else {
+					stringMatcher := matcherv3.StringMatcher{MatchPattern: &matcherv3.StringMatcher_Prefix{Prefix: *extractHeader.ValuePrefix}}
+					headerMatcher := routev3.HeaderMatcher{
+						Name:                 extractHeader.Name,
+						HeaderMatchSpecifier: &routev3.HeaderMatcher_StringMatch{StringMatch: &stringMatcher},
+					}
+					passThroughMatchers = append(passThroughMatchers, &headerMatcher)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return passThroughMatchers
+}
+
 func buildNonRouteRetryPolicy(rr *ir.Retry) (*corev3.RetryPolicy, error) {
 	rp := &corev3.RetryPolicy{
 		RetryOn: retryDefaultRetryOn,
diff --git a/release-notes/current.yaml b/release-notes/current.yaml
index 3271a4f90..818799641 100644
--- a/release-notes/current.yaml
+++ b/release-notes/current.yaml
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ security updates: |
 
 # New features or capabilities added in this release.
 new features: |
+  Added support for percentage-based request mirroring
+  Add an option to OIDC authentication to bypass it and defer to JWT when the request contains an "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.
 
 bug fixes: |
 
diff --git a/site/content/en/v1.4/api/extension_types.md b/site/content/en/v1.4/api/extension_types.md
index 4858d5b3d..9441bf08d 100644
--- a/site/content/en/v1.4/api/extension_types.md
+++ b/site/content/en/v1.4/api/extension_types.md
@@ -3146,6 +3146,7 @@ _Appears in:_
 | `defaultTokenTTL` | _[Duration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.29/#duration-v1-meta)_ |  false  |  | DefaultTokenTTL is the default lifetime of the id token and access token.<br />Please note that Envoy will always use the expiry time from the response<br />of the authorization server if it is provided. This field is only used when<br />the expiry time is not provided by the authorization.<br />If not specified, defaults to 0. In this case, the "expires_in" field in<br />the authorization response must be set by the authorization server, or the<br />OAuth flow will fail. |
 | `refreshToken` | _boolean_ |  false  |  | RefreshToken indicates whether the Envoy should automatically refresh the<br />id token and access token when they expire.<br />When set to true, the Envoy will use the refresh token to get a new id token<br />and access token when they expire.<br />If not specified, defaults to false. |
 | `defaultRefreshTokenTTL` | _[Duration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.29/#duration-v1-meta)_ |  false  |  | DefaultRefreshTokenTTL is the default lifetime of the refresh token.<br />This field is only used when the exp (expiration time) claim is omitted in<br />the refresh token or the refresh token is not JWT.<br />If not specified, defaults to 604800s (one week).<br />Note: this field is only applicable when the "refreshToken" field is set to true. |
+| `passThroughAuthHeader` | _boolean_ |  false  |  | Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains any header that will be extracted by the JWT<br />filter, normally "Authorization: Bearer ...". This is typically used for non-browser clients that<br />may not be able to handle OIDC redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.<br /><br />If not specified, defaults to false. |
 
 
 #### OIDCCookieNames
diff --git a/site/go.mod b/site/go.mod
index 1f97d802b..16f434b62 100644
--- a/site/go.mod
+++ b/site/go.mod
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ module github.com/google/docsy-example
 go 1.24.2
 
 require (
-	github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20240402185447-c0f460dca7f7 // indirect
-	github.com/google/docsy v0.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20240716171331-37eff7fa00de // indirect
+	github.com/google/docsy v0.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/docsy/dependencies v0.7.2 // indirect
-	github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.3.3+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.3.6+incompatible // indirect
 )
diff --git a/site/go.sum b/site/go.sum
index 0db3accef..a6acef5f8 100644
--- a/site/go.sum
+++ b/site/go.sum
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20230327165841-0698449d50f2 h1:Uv1z5E
 github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20230327165841-0698449d50f2/go.mod h1:IUgezN/MFpCDIlFezw3L8j83oeiIuYoj28Miwr/KUYo=
 github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20240402185447-c0f460dca7f7 h1:2aWEKCRLqQ9nPyXaz4/IYtRrDr3PzEiX0DUSUr2/EDs=
 github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20240402185447-c0f460dca7f7/go.mod h1:IUgezN/MFpCDIlFezw3L8j83oeiIuYoj28Miwr/KUYo=
+github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20240716171331-37eff7fa00de h1:JvHOfdSqvArF+7cffH9oWU8oLhn6YFYI60Pms8M/6tI=
+github.com/FortAwesome/Font-Awesome v0.0.0-20240716171331-37eff7fa00de/go.mod h1:IUgezN/MFpCDIlFezw3L8j83oeiIuYoj28Miwr/KUYo=
 github.com/google/docsy v0.5.1 h1:D/ZdFKiE29xM/gwPwQzmkyXhcbQGkReRS6aGrF7lnYk=
 github.com/google/docsy v0.5.1/go.mod h1:maoUAQU5H/d+FrZIB4xg1EVWAx7RyFMGSDJyWghm31E=
 github.com/google/docsy v0.6.0 h1:43bVF18t2JihAamelQjjGzx1vO2ljCilVrBgetCA8oI=
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ github.com/google/docsy v0.7.1 h1:DUriA7Nr3lJjNi9Ulev1SfiG1sUYmvyDeU4nTp7uDxY=
 github.com/google/docsy v0.7.1/go.mod h1:JCmE+c+izhE0Rvzv3y+AzHhz1KdwlA9Oj5YBMklJcfc=
 github.com/google/docsy v0.10.0 h1:6tMDacPwAyRWNCfvsn/9qGOZDQ8b0aRzjRZvnZPY5dg=
 github.com/google/docsy v0.10.0/go.mod h1:c0nIAqmRTOuJ01F85U/wJPQtc3Zj9N58Kea9bOT2AJc=
+github.com/google/docsy v0.11.0 h1:QnV40cc28QwS++kP9qINtrIv4hlASruhC/K3FqkHAmM=
+github.com/google/docsy v0.11.0/go.mod h1:hGGW0OjNuG5ZbH5JRtALY3yvN8ybbEP/v2iaK4bwOUI=
 github.com/google/docsy/dependencies v0.5.1/go.mod h1:EDGc2znMbGUw0RW5kWwy2oGgLt0iVXBmoq4UOqstuNE=
 github.com/google/docsy/dependencies v0.6.0/go.mod h1:EDGc2znMbGUw0RW5kWwy2oGgLt0iVXBmoq4UOqstuNE=
 github.com/google/docsy/dependencies v0.7.0/go.mod h1:gihhs5gmgeO+wuoay4FwOzob+jYJVyQbNaQOh788lD4=
@@ -28,3 +32,5 @@ github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.2.3+incompatible h1:lOmsJx587qfF7/gE7Vv4FxEofegyJlE
 github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.2.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:fZTSrkpSf0/HkL0IIJzvVspTt1r9zuf7XlZau8kpcY0=
 github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.3.3+incompatible h1:goFoqinzdHfkeegpFP7pvhbd0g+A3O2hbU3XCjuNrEQ=
 github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.3.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:fZTSrkpSf0/HkL0IIJzvVspTt1r9zuf7XlZau8kpcY0=
+github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.3.6+incompatible h1:efmXVyq839m5QQ0+JBUdQQ1TrmoBqvQ5kRhUueKsH+4=
+github.com/twbs/bootstrap v5.3.6+incompatible/go.mod h1:fZTSrkpSf0/HkL0IIJzvVspTt1r9zuf7XlZau8kpcY0=
diff --git a/site/layouts/_default/_markup/render-heading.html b/site/layouts/_default/_markup/render-heading.html
index 7f8e97424..d984a0ca1 100644
--- a/site/layouts/_default/_markup/render-heading.html
+++ b/site/layouts/_default/_markup/render-heading.html
@@ -1 +1,12 @@
+{{ define "_default/_markup/td-render-heading.html" }}
+<h{{.Level}}
+{{- range $key, $value := .Attributes -}}
+  {{printf " %s=%q" $key (string $value) | safeHTMLAttr -}}
+{{- end -}}
+>
+{{- .Text | safeHTML -}}
+<a class="td-heading-self-link" href="#{{.Anchor | safeURL}}" aria-label="Heading self-link"></a>
+</h{{.Level}}>
+{{ end }}
+
 {{ template "_default/_markup/td-render-heading.html" . }}



Test patch:
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy_test.go b/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy_test.go
index 1caeff658..2d1308dc8 100644
--- a/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy_test.go
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/securitypolicy_test.go
@@ -534,3 +534,129 @@ func Test_APIKeyAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func Test_OIDC_PassThroughAuthHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		OIDC      egv1a1.OIDC
+		JWT       *egv1a1.JWT
+		wantError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "oidc and jwt with PassThroughAuthHeader configured",
+			OIDC: egv1a1.OIDC{
+				PassThroughAuthHeader: ToPointer(true),
+			},
+			JWT: &egv1a1.JWT{
+				Providers: []egv1a1.JWTProvider{
+					{
+						Name: "test",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "jwt configured to read a non-standard header is ok",
+			OIDC: egv1a1.OIDC{
+				PassThroughAuthHeader: ToPointer(true),
+			},
+			JWT: &egv1a1.JWT{
+				Providers: []egv1a1.JWTProvider{
+					{
+						Name: "test",
+						ExtractFrom: &egv1a1.JWTExtractor{
+							Headers: []egv1a1.JWTHeaderExtractor{{Name: "SomeHeader", ValuePrefix: ToPointer("Bearer ")}},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "jwt configured to read a non-standard header without valuePrefix is ok",
+			OIDC: egv1a1.OIDC{
+				PassThroughAuthHeader: ToPointer(true),
+			},
+			JWT: &egv1a1.JWT{
+				Providers: []egv1a1.JWTProvider{
+					{
+						Name: "test",
+						ExtractFrom: &egv1a1.JWTExtractor{
+							Headers: []egv1a1.JWTHeaderExtractor{{Name: "SomeHeader", ValuePrefix: nil}},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "oidc with PassThroughAuthHeader configured requires jwt configured too",
+			OIDC: egv1a1.OIDC{
+				PassThroughAuthHeader: ToPointer(true),
+			},
+			JWT:       nil,
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "jwt configured to read cookie only is not ok",
+			OIDC: egv1a1.OIDC{
+				PassThroughAuthHeader: ToPointer(true),
+			},
+			JWT: &egv1a1.JWT{
+				Providers: []egv1a1.JWTProvider{
+					{
+						Name: "test",
+						ExtractFrom: &egv1a1.JWTExtractor{
+							Cookies: []string{"SomeCookie"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "jwt configured with multiple providers is ok",
+			OIDC: egv1a1.OIDC{
+				PassThroughAuthHeader: ToPointer(true),
+			},
+			JWT: &(egv1a1.JWT{
+				Providers: []egv1a1.JWTProvider{
+					{
+						Name: "test",
+						ExtractFrom: &egv1a1.JWTExtractor{
+							Headers: []egv1a1.JWTHeaderExtractor{{Name: "Blah"}},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "test2",
+						ExtractFrom: &egv1a1.JWTExtractor{
+							Cookies: []string{"SomeCookie"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantError: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			securityPolicy := egv1a1.SecurityPolicy{
+				Spec: egv1a1.SecurityPolicySpec{
+					OIDC: &tt.OIDC,
+					JWT:  tt.JWT,
+				},
+			}
+			err := validateSecurityPolicy(&securityPolicy)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantError {
+				t.Errorf("validateSecurityPolicy() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantError)
+				return
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func ToPointer[T any](v T) *T {
+	return &v
+}
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/securitypolicy-with-oidc-and-jwt-passthrough.in.yaml b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/securitypolicy-with-oidc-and-jwt-passthrough.in.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b95792290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/securitypolicy-with-oidc-and-jwt-passthrough.in.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+secrets:
+- apiVersion: v1
+  kind: Secret
+  metadata:
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+    name: client-secret-1
+  data:
+    client-secret: Y2xpZW50MTpzZWNyZXQK
+- apiVersion: v1
+  kind: Secret
+  metadata:
+    namespace: envoy-gateway-system
+    name: envoy-oidc-hmac
+  data:
+    hmac-secret: qrOYACHXoe7UEDI/raOjNSx+Z9ufXSc/22C3T6X/zPY=
+gateways:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: Gateway
+  metadata:
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+    name: gateway-1
+  spec:
+    gatewayClassName: envoy-gateway-class
+    listeners:
+    - name: http
+      protocol: HTTP
+      port: 80
+      allowedRoutes:
+        namespaces:
+          from: All
+httpRoutes:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: HTTPRoute
+  metadata:
+    namespace: default
+    name: httproute-1
+  spec:
+    hostnames:
+    - www.example.com
+    parentRefs:
+    - namespace: envoy-gateway
+      name: gateway-1
+      sectionName: http
+    rules:
+    - matches:
+      - path:
+          value: "/"
+      backendRefs:
+      - name: service-1
+        port: 8080
+securityPolicies:
+- apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+  kind: SecurityPolicy
+  metadata:
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+    name: security-policy-1
+    uid: b8284d0f-de82-4c65-b204-96a0d3f258a1
+  spec:
+    targetRef:
+      group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+      kind: Gateway
+      name: gateway-1
+    oidc:
+      provider:
+        issuer: "https://oauth.foo.com"
+        authorizationEndpoint: "https://oauth.foo.com/oauth2/v2/auth"
+        tokenEndpoint: "https://oauth.foo.com/token"
+      clientID: "client.oauth.foo.com"
+      clientSecret:
+        name: "client-secret-1"
+      redirectURL: "https://www.example.com/oauth2/callback"
+      passThroughAuthHeader: true
+    jwt:
+      providers:
+      - name: example1
+        issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+        remoteJWKS:
+          uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/securitypolicy-with-oidc-and-jwt-passthrough.out.yaml b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/securitypolicy-with-oidc-and-jwt-passthrough.out.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f46ebd26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/testdata/securitypolicy-with-oidc-and-jwt-passthrough.out.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+gateways:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: Gateway
+  metadata:
+    creationTimestamp: null
+    name: gateway-1
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+  spec:
+    gatewayClassName: envoy-gateway-class
+    listeners:
+    - allowedRoutes:
+        namespaces:
+          from: All
+      name: http
+      port: 80
+      protocol: HTTP
+  status:
+    listeners:
+    - attachedRoutes: 1
+      conditions:
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Sending translated listener configuration to the data plane
+        reason: Programmed
+        status: "True"
+        type: Programmed
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Listener has been successfully translated
+        reason: Accepted
+        status: "True"
+        type: Accepted
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Listener references have been resolved
+        reason: ResolvedRefs
+        status: "True"
+        type: ResolvedRefs
+      name: http
+      supportedKinds:
+      - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: HTTPRoute
+      - group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: GRPCRoute
+httpRoutes:
+- apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+  kind: HTTPRoute
+  metadata:
+    creationTimestamp: null
+    name: httproute-1
+    namespace: default
+  spec:
+    hostnames:
+    - www.example.com
+    parentRefs:
+    - name: gateway-1
+      namespace: envoy-gateway
+      sectionName: http
+    rules:
+    - backendRefs:
+      - name: service-1
+        port: 8080
+      matches:
+      - path:
+          value: /
+  status:
+    parents:
+    - conditions:
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Route is accepted
+        reason: Accepted
+        status: "True"
+        type: Accepted
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Resolved all the Object references for the Route
+        reason: ResolvedRefs
+        status: "True"
+        type: ResolvedRefs
+      controllerName: gateway.envoyproxy.io/gatewayclass-controller
+      parentRef:
+        name: gateway-1
+        namespace: envoy-gateway
+        sectionName: http
+infraIR:
+  envoy-gateway/gateway-1:
+    proxy:
+      listeners:
+      - address: null
+        name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 10080
+          name: http-80
+          protocol: HTTP
+          servicePort: 80
+      metadata:
+        labels:
+          gateway.envoyproxy.io/owning-gateway-name: gateway-1
+          gateway.envoyproxy.io/owning-gateway-namespace: envoy-gateway
+      name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1
+      namespace: envoy-gateway-system
+securityPolicies:
+- apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+  kind: SecurityPolicy
+  metadata:
+    creationTimestamp: null
+    name: security-policy-1
+    namespace: envoy-gateway
+    uid: b8284d0f-de82-4c65-b204-96a0d3f258a1
+  spec:
+    jwt:
+      providers:
+      - issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+        name: example1
+        remoteJWKS:
+          uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+    oidc:
+      clientID: client.oauth.foo.com
+      clientSecret:
+        group: null
+        kind: null
+        name: client-secret-1
+      passThroughAuthHeader: true
+      provider:
+        authorizationEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/oauth2/v2/auth
+        issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+        tokenEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/token
+      redirectURL: https://www.example.com/oauth2/callback
+    targetRef:
+      group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+      kind: Gateway
+      name: gateway-1
+  status:
+    ancestors:
+    - ancestorRef:
+        group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
+        kind: Gateway
+        name: gateway-1
+        namespace: envoy-gateway
+      conditions:
+      - lastTransitionTime: null
+        message: Policy has been accepted.
+        reason: Accepted
+        status: "True"
+        type: Accepted
+      controllerName: gateway.envoyproxy.io/gatewayclass-controller
+xdsIR:
+  envoy-gateway/gateway-1:
+    accessLog:
+      json:
+      - path: /dev/stdout
+    http:
+    - address: 0.0.0.0
+      hostnames:
+      - '*'
+      isHTTP2: false
+      metadata:
+        kind: Gateway
+        name: gateway-1
+        namespace: envoy-gateway
+        sectionName: http
+      name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+      path:
+        escapedSlashesAction: UnescapeAndRedirect
+        mergeSlashes: true
+      port: 10080
+      routes:
+      - destination:
+          name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+          settings:
+          - addressType: IP
+            endpoints:
+            - host: 7.7.7.7
+              port: 8080
+            name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/backend/0
+            protocol: HTTP
+            weight: 1
+        hostname: www.example.com
+        isHTTP2: false
+        metadata:
+          kind: HTTPRoute
+          name: httproute-1
+          namespace: default
+        name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com
+        pathMatch:
+          distinct: false
+          name: ""
+          prefix: /
+        security:
+          jwt:
+            providers:
+            - issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+              name: example1
+              remoteJWKS:
+                uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+          oidc:
+            clientID: client.oauth.foo.com
+            clientSecret: '[redacted]'
+            cookieSuffix: b0a1b740
+            hmacSecret: '[redacted]'
+            logoutPath: /logout
+            name: securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
+            passThroughAuthHeader: true
+            provider:
+              authorizationEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/oauth2/v2/auth
+              tokenEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/token
+            redirectPath: /oauth2/callback
+            redirectURL: https://www.example.com/oauth2/callback
+            scopes:
+            - openid
+    readyListener:
+      address: 0.0.0.0
+      ipFamily: IPv4
+      path: /ready
+      port: 19003
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cddbaafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+http:
+  - name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+    address: 0.0.0.0
+    port: 10080
+    hostnames:
+      - '*'
+    path:
+      escapedSlashesAction: UnescapeAndRedirect
+      mergeSlashes: true
+    routes:
+      - name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com
+        hostname: www.example.com
+        pathMatch:
+          distinct: false
+          name: ""
+          prefix: /
+        destination:
+          name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+          settings:
+            - endpoints:
+                - host: 7.7.7.7
+                  port: 8080
+              name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/backend/0
+        security:
+          jwt:
+            providers:
+              - issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                name: example1
+                remoteJWKS:
+                  uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+              - issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                name: example2
+                extractFrom:
+                  headers:
+                    - name: MyHeaderPrefixed
+                      valuePrefix: MyPrefix
+                    - name: MyHeaderNoPrefix
+                remoteJWKS:
+                  uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+              - issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                name: example3
+                extractFrom:
+                  cookies:
+                    - Cookie1
+                    - Cookie1
+                remoteJWKS:
+                  uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+              - issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                name: example4
+                extractFrom:
+                  params:
+                    - Param1
+                    - Param1
+                remoteJWKS:
+                  uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+          oidc:
+            clientID: client.oauth.foo.com
+            clientSecret: Y2xpZW50MTpzZWNyZXQK
+            cookieSuffix: b0a1b740
+            hmacSecret: qrOYACHXoe7UEDI/raOjNSx+Z9ufXSc/22C3T6X/zPY=
+            logoutPath: /logout
+            name: securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
+            passThroughAuthHeader: true
+            provider:
+              authorizationEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/oauth2/v2/auth
+              tokenEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/token
+            redirectPath: /oauth2/callback
+            redirectURL: https://www.example.com/oauth2/callback
+            scopes:
+              - openid
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.clusters.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.clusters.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19ed98a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.clusters.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+- circuitBreakers:
+    thresholds:
+    - maxRetries: 1024
+  commonLbConfig:
+    localityWeightedLbConfig: {}
+  connectTimeout: 10s
+  dnsLookupFamily: V4_PREFERRED
+  edsClusterConfig:
+    edsConfig:
+      ads: {}
+      resourceApiVersion: V3
+    serviceName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+  ignoreHealthOnHostRemoval: true
+  lbPolicy: LEAST_REQUEST
+  name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+  perConnectionBufferLimitBytes: 32768
+  type: EDS
+- circuitBreakers:
+    thresholds:
+    - maxRetries: 1024
+  commonLbConfig:
+    localityWeightedLbConfig: {}
+  connectTimeout: 10s
+  dnsLookupFamily: V4_PREFERRED
+  dnsRefreshRate: 30s
+  lbPolicy: LEAST_REQUEST
+  loadAssignment:
+    clusterName: oauth_foo_com_443
+    endpoints:
+    - lbEndpoints:
+      - endpoint:
+          address:
+            socketAddress:
+              address: oauth.foo.com
+              portValue: 443
+        loadBalancingWeight: 1
+      loadBalancingWeight: 1
+      locality:
+        region: oauth_foo_com_443/backend/-1
+  name: oauth_foo_com_443
+  perConnectionBufferLimitBytes: 32768
+  respectDnsTtl: true
+  transportSocket:
+    name: envoy.transport_sockets.tls
+    typedConfig:
+      '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.transport_sockets.tls.v3.UpstreamTlsContext
+      commonTlsContext:
+        validationContext:
+          trustedCa:
+            filename: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+      sni: oauth.foo.com
+  type: STRICT_DNS
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.endpoints.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.endpoints.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29bb6b4e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.endpoints.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+- clusterName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+  endpoints:
+  - lbEndpoints:
+    - endpoint:
+        address:
+          socketAddress:
+            address: 7.7.7.7
+            portValue: 8080
+      loadBalancingWeight: 1
+    loadBalancingWeight: 1
+    locality:
+      region: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/backend/0
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.listeners.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.listeners.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8996b15c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.listeners.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+- address:
+    socketAddress:
+      address: 0.0.0.0
+      portValue: 10080
+  defaultFilterChain:
+    filters:
+    - name: envoy.filters.network.http_connection_manager
+      typedConfig:
+        '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.network.http_connection_manager.v3.HttpConnectionManager
+        commonHttpProtocolOptions:
+          headersWithUnderscoresAction: REJECT_REQUEST
+        http2ProtocolOptions:
+          initialConnectionWindowSize: 1048576
+          initialStreamWindowSize: 65536
+          maxConcurrentStreams: 100
+        httpFilters:
+        - disabled: true
+          name: envoy.filters.http.oauth2/securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.oauth2.v3.OAuth2
+            config:
+              authScopes:
+              - openid
+              authType: BASIC_AUTH
+              authorizationEndpoint: https://oauth.foo.com/oauth2/v2/auth
+              credentials:
+                clientId: client.oauth.foo.com
+                cookieNames:
+                  bearerToken: AccessToken-b0a1b740
+                  idToken: IdToken-b0a1b740
+                  oauthExpires: OauthExpires-b0a1b740
+                  oauthHmac: OauthHMAC-b0a1b740
+                  oauthNonce: OauthNonce-b0a1b740
+                  refreshToken: RefreshToken-b0a1b740
+                hmacSecret:
+                  name: oauth2/hmac_secret/securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
+                  sdsConfig:
+                    ads: {}
+                    resourceApiVersion: V3
+                tokenSecret:
+                  name: oauth2/client_secret/securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
+                  sdsConfig:
+                    ads: {}
+                    resourceApiVersion: V3
+              passThroughMatcher:
+              - name: Authorization
+                stringMatch:
+                  prefix: 'Bearer '
+              - name: MyHeaderPrefixed
+                stringMatch:
+                  prefix: MyPrefix
+              - name: MyHeaderNoPrefix
+              preserveAuthorizationHeader: true
+              redirectPathMatcher:
+                path:
+                  exact: /oauth2/callback
+              redirectUri: https://www.example.com/oauth2/callback
+              signoutPath:
+                path:
+                  exact: /logout
+              tokenEndpoint:
+                cluster: oauth_foo_com_443
+                timeout: 10s
+                uri: https://oauth.foo.com/token
+              useRefreshToken: false
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.jwt_authn
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.jwt_authn.v3.JwtAuthentication
+            providers:
+              httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example1:
+                forward: true
+                issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                normalizePayloadInMetadata:
+                  spaceDelimitedClaims:
+                  - scope
+                payloadInMetadata: example1
+                remoteJwks:
+                  asyncFetch: {}
+                  cacheDuration: 300s
+                  httpUri:
+                    cluster: oauth_foo_com_443
+                    timeout: 10s
+                    uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+              httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example2:
+                forward: true
+                fromHeaders:
+                - name: MyHeaderPrefixed
+                  valuePrefix: MyPrefix
+                - name: MyHeaderNoPrefix
+                issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                normalizePayloadInMetadata:
+                  spaceDelimitedClaims:
+                  - scope
+                payloadInMetadata: example2
+                remoteJwks:
+                  asyncFetch: {}
+                  cacheDuration: 300s
+                  httpUri:
+                    cluster: oauth_foo_com_443
+                    timeout: 10s
+                    uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+              httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example3:
+                forward: true
+                fromCookies:
+                - Cookie1
+                - Cookie1
+                issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                normalizePayloadInMetadata:
+                  spaceDelimitedClaims:
+                  - scope
+                payloadInMetadata: example3
+                remoteJwks:
+                  asyncFetch: {}
+                  cacheDuration: 300s
+                  httpUri:
+                    cluster: oauth_foo_com_443
+                    timeout: 10s
+                    uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+              httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example4:
+                forward: true
+                fromParams:
+                - Param1
+                - Param1
+                issuer: https://oauth.foo.com
+                normalizePayloadInMetadata:
+                  spaceDelimitedClaims:
+                  - scope
+                payloadInMetadata: example4
+                remoteJwks:
+                  asyncFetch: {}
+                  cacheDuration: 300s
+                  httpUri:
+                    cluster: oauth_foo_com_443
+                    timeout: 10s
+                    uri: https://oauth.foo.com/jwt/public-key/jwks.json
+            requirementMap:
+              httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com:
+                requiresAny:
+                  requirements:
+                  - providerName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example1
+                  - providerName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example2
+                  - providerName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example3
+                  - providerName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com/example4
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.router
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.router.v3.Router
+            suppressEnvoyHeaders: true
+        mergeSlashes: true
+        normalizePath: true
+        pathWithEscapedSlashesAction: UNESCAPE_AND_REDIRECT
+        rds:
+          configSource:
+            ads: {}
+            resourceApiVersion: V3
+          routeConfigName: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+        serverHeaderTransformation: PASS_THROUGH
+        statPrefix: http-10080
+        useRemoteAddress: true
+    name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+  name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+  perConnectionBufferLimitBytes: 32768
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.routes.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.routes.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..532d7d504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.routes.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+- ignorePortInHostMatching: true
+  name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http
+  virtualHosts:
+  - domains:
+    - www.example.com
+    name: envoy-gateway/gateway-1/http/www_example_com
+    routes:
+    - match:
+        prefix: /
+      name: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com
+      route:
+        cluster: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0
+        upgradeConfigs:
+        - upgradeType: websocket
+      typedPerFilterConfig:
+        envoy.filters.http.jwt_authn:
+          '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.jwt_authn.v3.PerRouteConfig
+          requirementName: httproute/default/httproute-1/rule/0/match/0/www_example_com
+        envoy.filters.http.oauth2/securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1:
+          '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.config.route.v3.FilterConfig
+          config: {}
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.secrets.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.secrets.yaml
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc57f5e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/oidc-and-jwt-with-passthrough.secrets.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+- genericSecret:
+    secret:
+      inlineBytes: Y2xpZW50MTpzZWNyZXQK
+  name: oauth2/client_secret/securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
+- genericSecret:
+    secret:
+      inlineBytes: qrOYACHXoe7UEDI/raOjNSx+Z9ufXSc/22C3T6X/zPY=
+  name: oauth2/hmac_secret/securitypolicy/envoy-gateway/security-policy-1
diff --git a/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md b/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md
index 8e7da3240..a29c08aa5 100644
--- a/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md
+++ b/site/content/en/latest/api/extension_types.md
@@ -3146,6 +3146,7 @@ _Appears in:_
 | `defaultTokenTTL` | _[Duration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.29/#duration-v1-meta)_ |  false  |  | DefaultTokenTTL is the default lifetime of the id token and access token.<br />Please note that Envoy will always use the expiry time from the response<br />of the authorization server if it is provided. This field is only used when<br />the expiry time is not provided by the authorization.<br />If not specified, defaults to 0. In this case, the "expires_in" field in<br />the authorization response must be set by the authorization server, or the<br />OAuth flow will fail. |
 | `refreshToken` | _boolean_ |  false  |  | RefreshToken indicates whether the Envoy should automatically refresh the<br />id token and access token when they expire.<br />When set to true, the Envoy will use the refresh token to get a new id token<br />and access token when they expire.<br />If not specified, defaults to false. |
 | `defaultRefreshTokenTTL` | _[Duration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.29/#duration-v1-meta)_ |  false  |  | DefaultRefreshTokenTTL is the default lifetime of the refresh token.<br />This field is only used when the exp (expiration time) claim is omitted in<br />the refresh token or the refresh token is not JWT.<br />If not specified, defaults to 604800s (one week).<br />Note: this field is only applicable when the "refreshToken" field is set to true. |
+| `passThroughAuthHeader` | _boolean_ |  false  |  | Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains a header that will be extracted by the JWT filter. Unless<br />explicitly stated otherwise in the extractFrom field, this will be the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.<br />The passThroughAuthHeader option is typically used for non-browser clients that may not be able to handle OIDC<br />redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.<br />If not specified, defaults to false. |
 
 
 #### OIDCCookieNames
diff --git a/test/e2e/testdata/oidc-securitypolicy.yaml b/test/e2e/testdata/oidc-securitypolicy.yaml
index 0c34ab0e9..82e207929 100644
--- a/test/e2e/testdata/oidc-securitypolicy.yaml
+++ b/test/e2e/testdata/oidc-securitypolicy.yaml
@@ -77,3 +77,13 @@ spec:
       name: "oidctest-secret"
     redirectURL: "http://www.example.com/myapp/oauth2/callback"
     logoutPath: "/myapp/logout"
+    forwardAccessToken: true
+    passThroughAuthHeader: true
+  jwt:
+    providers:
+    - name: "keycloak"  # This is needed so JWTs generated through the OIDC flow can be validated
+      remoteJWKS:
+        uri: "http://keycloak.gateway-conformance-infra/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/certs"
+    - name: "example"  # This allows us to use the static JWTs in the test
+      remoteJWKS:
+        uri: "http://static-file-server.gateway-conformance-infra/jwt/jwks.json"
diff --git a/test/e2e/tests/oidc.go b/test/e2e/tests/oidc.go
index a633e4ad1..dfbaedb8c 100644
--- a/test/e2e/tests/oidc.go
+++ b/test/e2e/tests/oidc.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ var OIDCTest = suite.ConformanceTest{
 			testOIDC(t, suite, "testdata/oidc-securitypolicy.yaml")
 		})
 
-		t.Run("http route without oidc authentication", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("oidc bypass", func(t *testing.T) {
 			ns := "gateway-conformance-infra"
 
 			podInitialized := corev1.PodCondition{Type: corev1.PodInitialized, Status: corev1.ConditionTrue}
@@ -64,9 +64,10 @@ var OIDCTest = suite.ConformanceTest{
 			// Apply the security policy that configures OIDC authentication
 			suite.Applier.MustApplyWithCleanup(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, "testdata/oidc-securitypolicy.yaml", true)
 
-			routeNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-without-oidc", Namespace: ns}
+			routeWithOIDCNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-with-oidc", Namespace: ns}
+			routeWithoutOIDCNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "http-without-oidc", Namespace: ns}
 			gwNN := types.NamespacedName{Name: "same-namespace", Namespace: ns}
-			gwAddr := kubernetes.GatewayAndHTTPRoutesMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, suite.ControllerName, kubernetes.NewGatewayRef(gwNN), routeNN)
+			gwAddr := kubernetes.GatewayAndHTTPRoutesMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, suite.TimeoutConfig, suite.ControllerName, kubernetes.NewGatewayRef(gwNN), routeWithOIDCNN, routeWithoutOIDCNN)
 
 			ancestorRef := gwapiv1a2.ParentReference{
 				Group:     gatewayapi.GroupPtr(gwapiv1.GroupName),
@@ -76,25 +77,50 @@ var OIDCTest = suite.ConformanceTest{
 			}
 			SecurityPolicyMustBeAccepted(t, suite.Client, types.NamespacedName{Name: "oidc-test", Namespace: ns}, suite.ControllerName, ancestorRef)
 
-			expectedResponse := gwhttp.ExpectedResponse{
-				Request: gwhttp.Request{
-					Host: "www.example.com",
-					Path: "/public",
+			testCases := []gwhttp.ExpectedResponse{
+				{
+					TestCaseName: "http route without oidc authentication",
+					Request: gwhttp.Request{
+						Host: "www.example.com",
+						Path: "/public",
+					},
+					Response: gwhttp.Response{
+						StatusCode: 200,
+					},
+					Namespace: ns,
 				},
-				Response: gwhttp.Response{
-					StatusCode: 200,
+				{
+					TestCaseName: "oidc with jwt passthrough",
+					Request: gwhttp.Request{
+						Host: "www.example.com",
+						Path: "/myapp",
+						Headers: map[string]string{
+							"Authorization": "Bearer " + v1Token,
+						},
+					},
+					Backend: "infra-backend-v1",
+					Response: gwhttp.Response{
+						StatusCode: 200,
+					},
+					Namespace: ns,
 				},
-				Namespace: ns,
-			}
-
-			req := gwhttp.MakeRequest(t, &expectedResponse, gwAddr, "HTTP", "http")
-			cReq, cResp, err := suite.RoundTripper.CaptureRoundTrip(req)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("failed to get expected response: %v", err)
 			}
 
-			if err := gwhttp.CompareRequest(t, &req, cReq, cResp, expectedResponse); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("failed to compare request and response: %v", err)
+			for i := range testCases {
+				tc := testCases[i]
+				t.Run(tc.GetTestCaseName(i), func(t *testing.T) {
+					t.Parallel()
+
+					req := gwhttp.MakeRequest(t, &tc, gwAddr, "HTTP", "http")
+					cReq, cResp, err := suite.RoundTripper.CaptureRoundTrip(req)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Errorf("failed to get expected response: %v", err)
+					}
+
+					if err := gwhttp.CompareRequest(t, &req, cReq, cResp, tc); err != nil {
+						t.Errorf("failed to compare request and response: %v", err)
+					}
+				})
 			}
 		})
 	},
diff --git a/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/grpc_routing b/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/grpc_routing
index af3477bf7..abd6e9ce2 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/grpc_routing
+++ b/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/grpc_routing
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ spec:
             - name: com.example.Header
               value: foobar
       backendRefs:
-        - name: providedBackend
+        - name: provided-backend
           port: 9000
 ---
 apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
 kind: Backend
 metadata:
-  name: providedBackend
+  name: provided-backend
   namespace: default
 spec:
   endpoints:
diff --git a/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/http_routing b/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/http_routing
index eb6b97651..cbcc895dc 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/http_routing
+++ b/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/http_routing
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ spec:
     - "www.example.com"
   rules:
     - backendRefs:
-        - name: providedBackend
+        - name: provided-backend
           port: 8000
 ---
 apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
 kind: Backend
 metadata:
-  name: providedBackend
+  name: provided-backend
   namespace: default
 spec:
   endpoints:
diff --git a/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/udp_routing b/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/udp_routing
index 9b8642c14..ea2e1b965 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/udp_routing
+++ b/test/fuzz/testdata/FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS/udp_routing
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ spec:
 apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
 kind: Backend
 metadata:
-  name: providedBackend
+  name: provided-backend
   namespace: default
 spec:
   endpoints:
diff --git a/test/fuzz/xds_fuzz_test.go b/test/fuzz/xds_fuzz_test.go
index 38885226f..95120682f 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/xds_fuzz_test.go
+++ b/test/fuzz/xds_fuzz_test.go
@@ -9,24 +9,114 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	fuzz "github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers"
-
 	"github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/internal/cmd/egctl"
 	"github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/internal/gatewayapi/resource"
 )
 
 func FuzzGatewayAPIToXDS(f *testing.F) {
+	baseYAML := `apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: GatewayClass
+metadata:
+  name: eg
+spec:
+  controllerName: gateway.envoyproxy.io/gatewayclass-controller
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: eg
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  gatewayClassName: eg
+  listeners:
+    - name: http
+      protocol: HTTP
+      port: 80
+`
+
+	backendYAML := `---
+apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
+kind: Backend
+metadata:
+  name: provided-backend
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  endpoints:
+    - ip:
+        address: 0.0.0.0
+        port: 8000
+`
+
+	grpcRoute := `---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: GRPCRoute
+metadata:
+  name: backend
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+    - name: eg
+      sectionName: grpc
+  hostnames:
+    - "www.grpc-example.com"
+  rules:
+    - matches:
+        - method:
+            service: com.example.Things
+            method: DoThing
+          headers:
+            - name: com.example.Header
+              value: foobar
+      backendRefs:
+        - name: provided-backend
+          port: 9000
+`
+
+	httpRoute := `---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: backend
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+    - name: eg
+  hostnames:
+    - "www.example.com"
+  rules:
+    - backendRefs:
+        - name: provided-backend
+          port: 8000
+`
+
+	udpRoute := `---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
+kind: UDPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: backend
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+    - name: eg
+      sectionName: udp
+  rules:
+    - backendRefs:
+        - name: provided-backend
+          port: 3000
+`
+
+	// Add seed corpus for golang native fuzzing. OSS-Fuzz will not take these corpus into consideration.
+	f.Add([]byte(baseYAML + grpcRoute + backendYAML))
+	f.Add([]byte(baseYAML + httpRoute + backendYAML))
+	f.Add([]byte(baseYAML + udpRoute + backendYAML))
+
 	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, b []byte) {
 		rs, err := resource.LoadResourcesFromYAMLBytes(b, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		fc := fuzz.NewConsumer(b)
-		namespace, _ := fc.GetString()
-		dnsDomain, _ := fc.GetString()
-		resourceType, _ := fc.GetString()
 
-		_, err = egctl.TranslateGatewayAPIToXds(namespace, dnsDomain, resourceType, rs)
+		_, err = egctl.TranslateGatewayAPIToXds("default", "cluster.local", "all", rs)
 		if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "failed to translate xds") {
 			t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 		}
diff --git a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml
index 2612431a8..96b52c21a 100644
--- a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml
+++ b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/all.out.yaml
@@ -42006,6 +42006,16 @@ spec:
 
                       If not specified, uses a default logout path "/logout"
                     type: string
+                  passThroughAuthHeader:
+                    description: |-
+                      Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains a header that will be extracted by the JWT filter. Unless
+                      explicitly stated otherwise in the extractFrom field, this will be the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.
+
+                      The passThroughAuthHeader option is typically used for non-browser clients that may not be able to handle OIDC
+                      redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.
+
+                      If not specified, defaults to false.
+                    type: boolean
                   provider:
                     description: The OIDC Provider configuration.
                     properties:
diff --git a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml
index 9dc657ce7..6af055a91 100644
--- a/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml
+++ b/test/helm/gateway-crds-helm/envoy-gateway-crds.out.yaml
@@ -24694,6 +24694,16 @@ spec:
 
                       If not specified, uses a default logout path "/logout"
                     type: string
+                  passThroughAuthHeader:
+                    description: |-
+                      Skips OIDC authentication when the request contains a header that will be extracted by the JWT filter. Unless
+                      explicitly stated otherwise in the extractFrom field, this will be the "Authorization: Bearer ..." header.
+
+                      The passThroughAuthHeader option is typically used for non-browser clients that may not be able to handle OIDC
+                      redirects and wish to directly supply a token instead.
+
+                      If not specified, defaults to false.
+                    type: boolean
                   provider:
                     description: The OIDC Provider configuration.
                     properties: