Repository: ipfs/kubo

Issue:
Support pebble 
## TODO

- [x] include https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble as built-in plugin (similar to badger atm)
- [x] update https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#profiles to include pebble 
  - [ ] (TBD, sounds like) do we want to allow flatfs (for blocks)+pebble for pins? if so,  we need separate profile for applying it only as leveldb replacement, and separate one for `/blocks` (blockstore) 
- [x] update https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/datastores.md to include pebble 
- [x] ~(TBD, probably a nice to have but not required) add support to https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs-ds-convert to allow conversion of existing repos?~ 
   - we've  decided to not write conversion tools, in practice to switch datastore type, people created new cluster node and transferred data to it, as it was safer and also performed GC of unpinned data for free.
- [x] find a way to deal  with ratcheting updates failing (https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues/10347#issuecomment-2457485652) See: #10789 
  - [x] expose `FormatMajorVersion` and write docs in [docs/datastores.md#pebbleds](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/datastores.md#pebbleds) ?
- [x] add warning to users running badger, nudging them to switch to flatfs or pebble 
- [ ] replace leveldb with pebble in the default settings
- [ ] soft badger deprecation
   - [ ] remove [badgerv1 profile](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#badgerds-profile), so new users won't be able to use it, unless they had preexisting config
   - [ ] detect when badgerv1 is used and refuse to start unless `KUBO_ALLOW_DEPRECATED_BADGERV1=true` is set in env – creates friction, forcing people to notice

### Description

## Summary

Include pebble as built-in plugin.
It provides meaningful alternative to leveldb as the datastore, and may be better than badger1 as well.

## Background

It is 2024, and we still only have flatfs, leveldb and necromancy-level badgerv1 (!) as datastore options. 

We got positive feedback about pebble, some examples:

https://ipfscluster.io/documentation/guides/datastore/

> 
> [Pebble](https://github.com/cockroachdb/pebble) is a high performant
> backend from Cochroachdb, used by default in Cluster:
> 
> * Proven to work well on very large pinsets.
> * Best disk-usage compared to the rest. No need to trigger GC cycles for space reclaim.
> * Performance and memory usage seems on par with Badger3, and behaves better than Badger on both counts.
> * Behaves correctly with default settings but we bump them up a bit.
> * 0-delay startup times, even with very large amounts of data.
> * Options support compression (we chose to leave it enabled by default).
> * The Pebble project is officially alive and maintained.
> * Pebble only runs on 64-bit architectures.
> * One key difference with Badger3 is that Pebble stores keys and values
>   together and any lookup for a key will also read the values, while Badger3
>   can store keys and values separately (i.e. keys only in the index, which can
>   be loaded onto memory when small enough).

https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble/issues/29:

> After changing leveldb store to pebble store, the speed of GC has increased by at least dozens of times. So it's not flatfs that's to blame for slow GC, it's leveldb. I also tried leveldb and pebble as blockstore, but the CPU and memory usage is unacceptable.

Right now, to use go-ds-pebble one needs to build external plugin.

## Proposed change

Include https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble in standard kubo build, just like we do with legacy badger1.

This will
- provide meaningful alternative to leveldb and badgerd
- allow community to use it without having to build external plugin and report back



Hints from issue comments:
@guojidan: hi, I want try implement this feature 😄 @lidel: Triage note:
- given https://ipfscluster.io/documentation/guides/datastore/ is using pebble by default these days, we are considering bringing Pebble as first-class citizen, similar to legacy badger, and remove badger over time.@lidel: Triage notes:
- we want to sunset badgerv1, will start warning people when they apply profile it is deprecated
- we want to enable pebble before removing badgerv1
- we need to figure out which pebble settings are worthy exposing via config, prior art in ipfs-cluster will likely be a good starting point
- we want to track release verion of pebble, to avoid the state we ended up with badgerv1@hsanjuan: > * we need to figure out which pebble settings are worthy exposing via config, prior art in ipfs-cluster will likely be a good starting point

Expose as much as possible because chances are defaults are never right for everyone.@gammazero: @hsanjuan [Here is the subset](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/10530/files#diff-8e2571d8da443c5699ef0c75ddb3a94e76f2582b5973bb81f9746b636293db15R141-R159) of pebble options that I decided to make configurable.

This decision is based on what CockroachDB configures as pebble defaults, and based on what pebble tuning parameters were useful for optimizing IPNI's use of pebble.  
@gammazero: @lidel I want to stop using `ipfs-ds-convert`. There should instead be a way to export all data from kubo instance and import it into another. This would free us from ever having to write a conversion for another datastore.

Maybe it could work something like this:
```
oldipfs export --repo-dir=~/.ipfs_prev --json --stdout | ipfs import --json@lidel: @gammazero replacing `ipfs-ds-convert` with `ipfs repo export|import` sounds very sensible, will be useful for people running custom datastores as well. 

FYSA filled https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs-ds-convert/issues/50 to track sunsetting  `ipfs-ds-convert` (i'll do it shortly, taking it off our plate)@hsanjuan: > @hsanjuan [Here is the subset](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/10530/files#diff-8e2571d8da443c5699ef0c75ddb3a94e76f2582b5973bb81f9746b636293db15R141-R159) of pebble options that I decided to make configurable.
> 
> This decision is based on what CockroachDB configures as pebble defaults, and based on what pebble tuning parameters were useful for optimizing IPNI's use of pebble.

I had a quick look. Pebble defaults are quite conservative but should be ok for home use. I had issues with `FormatMajorVersion` errors during pebble upgrades: https://github.com/ipfs-cluster/ipfs-cluster/pull/2019/files . When not explicit, the current default is used. Sometimes ratcheting the database after an upgrade fails if you jumped too many pebble releases in-between.@lidel: Added `FormatMajorVersion` to the TODO at the top of the issue + reopening to track next steps.@hsanjuan: So, I put a collab cluster peer on Pebble. It should pin 3.3T but after 72h it has used 1.1T, and only 300GiB seem to be useful data according to Pebble stats:

```
|                             |       |       |   ingested   |     moved    |    written   |       |    amp   |     multilevel
 level | tables  size val-bl vtables | score |   in  | tables  size | tables  size | tables  size |  read |   r   w  |    top   in  read
 ------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------+------------------
     0 |    49   43MB     0B       0 |  0.50 | 316GB |     0     0B |     0     0B |  366K  312GB |    0B |  12  1.0 |    0B    0B    0B
     1 |     0     0B     0B       0 |  0.00 |    0B |     0     0B |     0     0B |     0     0B |    0B |   0  0.0 |    0B    0B    0B
     2 |    75  260MB     0B       0 |  1.68 | 243GB |     0     0B |     0     0B |  435K  1.5TB | 1.5TB |   1  6.4 |    0B    0B    0B
     3 |   334  1.4GB     0B       0 |  1.45 | 292GB |     0     0B |   923  2.1GB |  227K  983GB | 983GB |   1  3.4 |    0B    0B    0B
     4 |   959  8.1GB     0B       0 |  1.46 | 289GB |     0     0B |  3.0K  4.4GB |  116K  849GB | 849GB |   1  2.9 |  11GB  36GB 105GB
     5 |  2.9K   46GB     0B       0 |  1.46 | 280GB |     0     0B |  2.1K  4.5GB |   61K  824GB | 824GB |   1  2.9 |  16GB  54GB 162GB
     6 |  6.3K  256GB     0B       0 |     - | 256GB |     0     0B |    71   22MB |   24K  754GB | 754GB |   1  2.9 |  17GB  62GB 181GB
 total |   11K  312GB     0B       0 |     - | 316GB |     0     0B |  6.1K   11GB |  1.2M  5.5TB | 4.8TB |  17 17.7 |  44GB 152GB 448GB
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 WAL: 1 files (3.8MB)  in: 315GB  written: 316GB (0% overhead)
 Flushes: 89210
 Compactions: 158752  estimated debt: 138GB  in progress: 1 (195MB)
              default: 152661  delete: 0  elision: 0  move: 6091  read: 0  rewrite: 0  multi-level: 7590
 MemTables: 1 (4.0MB)  zombie: 5 (20MB)
 Zombie tables: 8469 (155GB)
 Backing tables: 0 (0B)
 Virtual tables: 0 (0B)
 Block cache: 0 entries (0B)  hit rate: 0.0%
 Table cache: 1.9K entries (1.5MB)  hit rate: 87.1%
 Secondary cache: 0 entries (0B)  hit rate: 0.0%
 Snapshots: 0  earliest seq num: 0
 Table iters: 43
 Filter utility: 0.0%
 Ingestions: 0  as flushable: 0 (0B in 0 tables)
 ```
 
 So things are going... slow... and there is probably a lot of contention to write now because it is compacting tables into the lower levels. That said, this node has HDDs and they were very slow before as well, so it is not conclusive.
 
 Going forward I would like to setup another node with flatfs (blocks) + pebble (everything else).
 
 Also, always worth remembering my notes here: https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues/9678

Solution patch:
diff --git a/config/init.go b/config/init.go
index 4a86aa518..6099712f4 100644
--- a/config/init.go
+++ b/config/init.go
@@ -138,6 +138,17 @@ func DefaultDatastoreConfig() Datastore {
 	}
 }
 
+func pebbleSpec() map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":   "measure",
+		"prefix": "pebble.datastore",
+		"child": map[string]interface{}{
+			"type": "pebbleds",
+			"path": "pebbleds",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 func badgerSpec() map[string]interface{} {
 	return map[string]interface{}{
 		"type":   "measure",
diff --git a/config/profile.go b/config/profile.go
index 0ee9225be..3a4329639 100644
--- a/config/profile.go
+++ b/config/profile.go
@@ -135,7 +135,11 @@ You should use this datastore if:
 * You want to minimize memory usage.
 * You are ok with the default speed of data import, or prefer to use --nocopy.
 
-This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node.
+See configuration documentation at:
+https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/datastores.md#flatfs
+
+NOTE: This profile may only be applied when first initializing node at IPFS_PATH
+      via 'ipfs init --profile flatfs'
 `,
 
 		InitOnly: true,
@@ -144,6 +148,32 @@ This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node.
 			return nil
 		},
 	},
+	"pebbleds": {
+		Description: `Configures the node to use the pebble high-performance datastore.
+
+Pebble is a LevelDB/RocksDB inspired key-value store focused on performance
+and internal usage by CockroachDB.
+You should use this datastore if:
+
+- You need a datastore that is focused on performance.
+- You need reliability by default, but may choose to disable WAL for maximum performance when reliability is not critical.
+- This datastore is good for multi-terabyte data sets.
+- May benefit from tuning depending on read/write patterns and throughput.
+- Performance is helped significantly by running on a system with plenty of memory.
+
+See configuration documentation at:
+https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/datastores.md#pebbleds
+
+NOTE: This profile may only be applied when first initializing node at IPFS_PATH
+      via 'ipfs init --profile pebbleds'
+`,
+
+		InitOnly: true,
+		Transform: func(c *Config) error {
+			c.Datastore.Spec = pebbleSpec()
+			return nil
+		},
+	},
 	"badgerds": {
 		Description: `Configures the node to use the legacy badgerv1 datastore.
 
@@ -160,7 +190,12 @@ Other caveats:
 * Good for medium-size datastores, but may run into performance issues
   if your dataset is bigger than a terabyte.
 
-This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node.`,
+See configuration documentation at:
+https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/datastores.md#badgerds
+
+NOTE: This profile may only be applied when first initializing node at IPFS_PATH
+      via 'ipfs init --profile badgerds'
+`,
 
 		InitOnly: true,
 		Transform: func(c *Config) error {
diff --git a/docs/changelogs/v0.31.md b/docs/changelogs/v0.31.md
index 1d6501ec9..0b814ff65 100644
--- a/docs/changelogs/v0.31.md
+++ b/docs/changelogs/v0.31.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 - [Overview](#overview)
 - [🔦 Highlights](#-highlights)
+  - [Experimental Pebble Datastore](#experimental-pebble-datastore)
   - [New metrics](#new-metrics)
   - [`lowpower` profile no longer breaks DHT announcements](#lowpower-profile-no-longer-breaks-dht-announcements)
 - [📝 Changelog](#-changelog)
@@ -15,6 +16,15 @@
 
 ### 🔦 Highlights
 
+#### Experimental Pebble Datastore
+
+[Pebble](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#pebbleds-profile) provides a high-performance alternative to leveldb as the datastore, and provides a modern replacement for [legacy badgerv1](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#badgerds-profile).
+
+A fresh Kubo node can be initialized with [`pebbleds` profile](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#pebbleds-profile) via `ipfs init --profile pebbleds`.
+
+There are a number of parameters available for tuning pebble's performance to your specific needs. Default values are used for any parameters that are not configured or are set to their zero-value.
+For a description of the available tuning parameters, see [kubo/docs/datastores.md#pebbleds](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/datastores.md#pebbleds).
+
 #### New metrics
 
 - Added 3 new go metrics: `go_gc_gogc_percent`, `go_gc_gomemlimit_bytes` and `go_sched_gomaxprocs_threads` as those are [recommended by the Go team](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1559)
diff --git a/docs/config.md b/docs/config.md
index 2bcf4b0f2..bbbb94bd8 100644
--- a/docs/config.md
+++ b/docs/config.md
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ config file at runtime.
     - [`local-discovery` profile](#local-discovery-profile)
     - [`default-networking` profile](#default-networking-profile)
     - [`flatfs` profile](#flatfs-profile)
+    - [`pebbleds` profile](#pebbleds-profile)
     - [`badgerds` profile](#badgerds-profile)
     - [`lowpower` profile](#lowpower-profile)
     - [`announce-off` profile](#announce-off-profile)
@@ -524,13 +525,8 @@ Spec defines the structure of the ipfs datastore. It is a composable structure,
 where each datastore is represented by a json object. Datastores can wrap other
 datastores to provide extra functionality (eg metrics, logging, or caching).
 
-This can be changed manually, however, if you make any changes that require a
-different on-disk structure, you will need to run the [ipfs-ds-convert
-tool](https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs-ds-convert) to migrate data into the new
-structures.
-
-For more information on possible values for this configuration option, see
-[docs/datastores.md](datastores.md)
+> [!NOTE]
+> For more information on possible values for this configuration option, see [`kubo/docs/datastores.md`](datastores.md)
 
 Default:
 ```
@@ -2403,9 +2399,9 @@ Inverse profile of the test profile.
 
 ### `flatfs` profile
 
-Configures the node to use the flatfs datastore. Flatfs is the default datastore.
+Configures the node to use the flatfs datastore.
+Flatfs is the default, most battle-tested and reliable datastore.
 
-This is the most battle-tested and reliable datastore.
 You should use this datastore if:
 
 - You need a very simple and very reliable datastore, and you trust your
@@ -2416,7 +2412,30 @@ You should use this datastore if:
 - You want to minimize memory usage.
 - You are ok with the default speed of data import, or prefer to use `--nocopy`.
 
-This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node.
+> [!WARNING]
+> This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node via `ipfs init --profile flatfs`
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> See caveats and configuration options at [`datastores.md#flatfs`](datastores.md#flatfs)
+
+### `pebbleds` profile
+
+Configures the node to use the pebble high-performance datastore.
+
+Pebble is a LevelDB/RocksDB inspired key-value store focused on performance and internal usage by CockroachDB.
+You should use this datastore if:
+
+- You need a datastore that is focused on performance.
+- You need reliability by default, but may choose to disable WAL for maximum performance when reliability is not critical.
+- This datastore is good for multi-terrabyte data sets.
+- May benefit from tuning depending on read/write patterns and throughput.
+- Performance is helped significantly by running on a system with plenty of memory.
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node via `ipfs init --profile pebbleds`
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> See other caveats and configuration options at [`datastores.md#pebbleds`](datastores.md#pebbleds)
 
 ### `badgerds` profile
 
@@ -2437,7 +2456,11 @@ Also, be aware that:
 - Good for medium-size datastores, but may run into performance issues if your dataset is bigger than a terabyte.
 - The current implementation is based on old badger 1.x which is no longer supported by the upstream team.
 
-This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node.
+> [!WARNING]
+> This profile may only be applied when first initializing the node via `ipfs init --profile badgerds`
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> See other caveats and configuration options at [`datastores.md#pebbleds`](datastores.md#pebbleds)
 
 ### `lowpower` profile
 
diff --git a/docs/datastores.md b/docs/datastores.md
index c18ecb0c7..f2051b601 100644
--- a/docs/datastores.md
+++ b/docs/datastores.md
@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
 This document describes the different possible values for the `Datastore.Spec`
 field in the ipfs configuration file.
 
+- [flatfs](#flatfs)
+- [levelds](#levelds)
+- [pebbleds](#pebbleds)
+- [badgerds](#badgerds)
+- [mount](#mount)
+- [measure](#measure)
+
 ## flatfs
 
 Stores each key value pair as a file on the filesystem.
@@ -35,6 +42,35 @@ Uses a leveldb database to store key value pairs.
 }
 ```
 
+## pebbleds
+
+Uses [pebble](https://github.com/cockroachdb/pebble) as a key value store.
+
+```json
+{
+	"type": "pebbleds",
+	"path": "<location of pebble inside repo>",
+}
+```
+
+The following options are availble for tuning pebble.
+If they are not configured (or assigned their zero-valued), then default values are used.
+
+* `bytesPerSync`: int, Sync sstables periodically in order to smooth out writes to disk. (default: 512KB)
+* `bisableWAL`: true|false, Disable the write-ahead log (WAL) at expense of prohibiting crash recovery. (default: false)
+* `cacheSize`: Size of pebble's shared block cache. (default: 8MB)
+* `l0CompactionThreshold`: int, Count of L0 files necessary to trigger an L0 compaction.
+* `l0StopWritesThreshold`: int, Limit on L0 read-amplification, computed as the number of L0 sublevels.
+* `lBaseMaxBytes`: int, Maximum number of bytes for LBase. The base level is the level which L0 is compacted into.
+* `maxConcurrentCompactions`: int, Maximum number of concurrent compactions. (default: 1)
+* `memTableSize`: int, Size of a MemTable in steady state. The actual MemTable size starts at min(256KB, MemTableSize) and doubles for each subsequent MemTable up to MemTableSize (default: 4MB)
+* `memTableStopWritesThreshold`: int, Limit on the number of queued of MemTables. (default: 2)
+* `walBytesPerSync`: int: Sets the number of bytes to write to a WAL before calling Sync on it in the background. (default: 0, no background syncing)
+* `walMinSyncSeconds`: int: Sets the minimum duration between syncs of the WAL. (default: 0)
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Start using pebble with only default values and configure tuning items are needed for your needs. For a more complete description of these values, see: `https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/cockroachdb/pebble@vA.B.C#Options` (where `A.B.C` is pebble version from Kubo's `go.mod`).
+
 ## badgerds
 
 Uses [badger](https://github.com/dgraph-io/badger) as a key value store.
diff --git a/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.mod b/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.mod
index 6c0600757..6b94d3802 100644
--- a/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.mod
+++ b/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.mod
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ require (
 require (
 	bazil.org/fuse v0.0.0-20200117225306-7b5117fecadc // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
+	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5 // indirect
 	github.com/Jorropo/jsync v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20240626203959-61d1e3462e30 // indirect
 	github.com/alexbrainman/goissue34681 v0.0.0-20191006012335-3fc7a47baff5 // indirect
@@ -25,6 +26,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ceramicnetwork/go-dag-jose v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/crackcomm/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20231225121904-e25f5bc08668 // indirect
@@ -43,6 +50,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
@@ -74,6 +82,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-flatfs v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-leveldb v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-measure v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-fs-lock v0.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-blockstore v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-delay v0.0.1 // indirect
@@ -103,6 +112,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
 	github.com/koron/go-ssdp v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-cidranger v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-doh-resolver v0.4.0 // indirect
@@ -172,6 +183,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.45.2 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/webtransport-go v0.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/raulk/go-watchdog v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/samber/lo v1.46.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 // indirect
diff --git a/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.sum b/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.sum
index 2cd9a72e5..8b4c2ee8c 100644
--- a/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.sum
+++ b/docs/examples/kubo-as-a-library/go.sum
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIo
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5 h1:EndNeuB0l9syBZhut0wns3gV1hL8zX8LIu6ZiVHWLIQ=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5/go.mod h1:1jcaCB/ufaK+sKp1NBhlGmpz41jOoPQ35bpF36t7BBo=
 github.com/Jorropo/jsync v1.0.1 h1:6HgRolFZnsdfzRUj+ImB9og1JYOxQoReSywkHOGSaUU=
 github.com/Jorropo/jsync v1.0.1/go.mod h1:jCOZj3vrBCri3bSU3ErUYvevKlnbssrXeCivybS5ABQ=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
@@ -74,6 +76,20 @@ github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMn
 github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.2.0/go.mod h1:To2CFviqOWL/M0gIMsvSMlqe7em/l1ALkX1PyjrX2Qs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
+github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.3-0.20230413201302-be42291fc80f h1:otljaYPt5hWxV3MUfO5dFPFiOXg9CyG5/kCfayTqsJ4=
+github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.3-0.20230413201302-be42291fc80f/go.mod h1:a9RdTaap04u637JoCzcUoIcDmvwSUtcUFtT/C3kJlTU=
+github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3 h1:5bA+k2Y6r+oz/6Z/RFlNeVCesGARKuC6YymtcDrbC/I=
+github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3/go.mod h1:m4UIW4CDjx+R5cybPsNrRbreomiFqt8o1h1wUVazSd8=
+github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce h1:giXvy4KSc/6g/esnpM7Geqxka4WSqI1SZc7sMJFd3y4=
+github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce/go.mod h1:9/y3cnZ5GKakj/H4y9r9GTjCvAFta7KLgSHPJJYc52M=
+github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b h1:r6VH0faHjZeQy818SGhaone5OnYfxFR/+AzdY3sf5aE=
+github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b/go.mod h1:Vz9DsVWQQhf3vs21MhPMZpMGSht7O/2vFW2xusFUVOs=
+github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2 h1:CUh2IPtR4swHlEj48Rhfzw6l/d0qA31fItcIszQVIsA=
+github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2/go.mod h1:4exszw1r40423ZsmkG/09AFEG83I0uDgfujJdbL6kYU=
+github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 h1:u1PMllDkdFfPWaNGMyLD1+so+aq3uUItthCFqzwPJ30=
+github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5/go.mod h1:BVNblN9mBWFyMyqK1k3AAiSxhvhfK2oOZZ2lK+dpvRg=
+github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 h1:zuQyyAKVxetITBuuhv3BI9cMrmStnpT18zmgmTxunpo=
+github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06/go.mod h1:7nc4anLGjupUW/PeY5qiNYsdNXj7zopG+eqsS7To5IQ=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20201119153540-4cbc285b3327/go.mod h1:ZJeTFisyysqgcCdecO57Dj79RfL0LNeGiFUqLYQRYLE=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 h1:v8rEWFl6EoqHB+swVNjVoCJE8o3jX7e8nqBGPLaDFBM=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0/go.mod h1:6ppBcbh/NOOUU+dMKrykgaBnK9lCIBxHqJDGwsa1mIw=
@@ -143,10 +159,14 @@ github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 h1:8JEhPFa5W2WU7YfeZzPNqzMP6Lwt7L2715Ggo0nos
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:40Bi/Hjc2AVfZrqy+aj+yEI+/bRxZnMJyTJwOpGvigM=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.4 h1:QjV6pZ7/XZ7ryI2KuyeEDE8wnh7fHP9YnQy+R0LnH8I=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.4/go.mod h1:JwLei5XPtWdGiMFB5Pjle1oEeoSeEuJfJE+TtfvdB/s=
+github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 h1:Pv98CIbtB3LkMWmXi4Joa5OOcwbmnX88sF5qbK3r3Ps=
+github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0/go.mod h1:lc76E2QywIyW8WuBnwl8Lc4bkmQH4+w1gwTf25trprY=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.1.1/go.mod h1:U7qILu1NlMHj9FlMhZLlkCdDnU1DBEAqr0aevW3Awn0=
 github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:9ES+weclKsC9YodN5RgxqK/VD9HM9JsCSh7rNhMZE98=
 github.com/go-errors/errors v1.0.1/go.mod h1:f4zRHt4oKfwPJE5k8C9vpYG+aDHdBFUsgrm6/TyX73Q=
+github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2 h1:J6MZopCL4uSllY1OfXM374weqZFFItUbrImctkmUxIA=
+github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2/go.mod h1:sIVyrIiJhuEF+Pj9Ebtd6P/rEYROXFi3BopGUQ5a5Og=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw v0.0.0-20190409004039-e6da0acd62b1/go.mod h1:vR7hzQXu2zJy9AVAgeJqvqgH9Q5CA+iKCZ2gyEVpxRU=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20191125211704-12ad95a8df72/go.mod h1:tQ2UAYgL5IevRw8kRxooKSPJfGvJ9fJQFa0TUsXzTg8=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
@@ -301,6 +321,8 @@ github.com/ipfs/go-ds-leveldb v0.5.0 h1:s++MEBbD3ZKc9/8/njrn4flZLnCuY9I79v94gBUN
 github.com/ipfs/go-ds-leveldb v0.5.0/go.mod h1:d3XG9RUDzQ6V4SHi8+Xgj9j1XuEk1z82lquxrVbml/Q=
 github.com/ipfs/go-ds-measure v0.2.0 h1:sG4goQe0KDTccHMyT45CY1XyUbxe5VwTKpg2LjApYyQ=
 github.com/ipfs/go-ds-measure v0.2.0/go.mod h1:SEUD/rE2PwRa4IQEC5FuNAmjJCyYObZr9UvVh8V3JxE=
+github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble v0.4.0 h1:88lgFAs2ck8jCQ8lMYRBtksEg18r9BlvTxIMnNJkZaQ=
+github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble v0.4.0/go.mod h1:ZyYU+weIni+4NG/Yjva+cPkU3ghlsU1HA2R/VLHJ9sM=
 github.com/ipfs/go-fs-lock v0.0.7 h1:6BR3dajORFrFTkb5EpCUFIAypsoxpGpDSVUdFwzgL9U=
 github.com/ipfs/go-fs-lock v0.0.7/go.mod h1:Js8ka+FNYmgQRLrRXzU3CB/+Csr1BwrRilEcvYrHhhc=
 github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-blockstore v1.3.1 h1:cEI9ci7V0sRNivqaOr0elDsamxXFxJMMMy7PTTDQNsQ=
@@ -585,6 +607,8 @@ github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58/go.mod h1:DXv8WO4yhM
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.2.0/go.mod h1:5z9KED0ma1S8pY6P1sdut58dfprrGBbd/94hg7ilaic=
 github.com/petar/GoLLRB v0.0.0-20210522233825-ae3b015fd3e9 h1:1/WtZae0yGtPq+TI6+Tv1WTxkukpXeMlviSxvL7SRgk=
 github.com/petar/GoLLRB v0.0.0-20210522233825-ae3b015fd3e9/go.mod h1:x3N5drFsm2uilKKuuYo6LdyD8vZAW55sH/9w+pbo1sw=
+github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.4 h1:lFuQV/oaUMGcD2tqt+01ROSmJs75VG1ToEOkZIZ4nE4=
+github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.4/go.mod h1:Oi8TUi2kEtXXLMJk9l1cGmz20kV3TaQ0usTwv5KuLY8=
 github.com/pion/datachannel v1.5.8 h1:ph1P1NsGkazkjrvyMfhRBUAWMxugJjq2HfQifaOoSNo=
 github.com/pion/datachannel v1.5.8/go.mod h1:PgmdpoaNBLX9HNzNClmdki4DYW5JtI7Yibu8QzbL3tI=
 github.com/pion/dtls/v2 v2.2.7/go.mod h1:8WiMkebSHFD0T+dIU+UeBaoV7kDhOW5oDCzZ7WZ/F9s=
@@ -627,6 +651,7 @@ github.com/pion/turn/v2 v2.1.6 h1:Xr2niVsiPTB0FPtt+yAWKFUkU1eotQbGgpTIld4x1Gc=
 github.com/pion/turn/v2 v2.1.6/go.mod h1:huEpByKKHix2/b9kmTAM3YoX6MKP+/D//0ClgUYR2fY=
 github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.3.0 h1:Rf4u6n6U5t5sUxhYPQk/samzU/oDv7jk6BA5hyO2F9I=
 github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:hVmrDJvwhEertRWObeb1xzulzHGeVUoPlWvxdGzcfU0=
+github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
@@ -658,6 +683,7 @@ github.com/raulk/go-watchdog v1.3.0 h1:oUmdlHxdkXRJlwfG0O9omj8ukerm8MEQavSiDTEtB
 github.com/raulk/go-watchdog v1.3.0/go.mod h1:fIvOnLbF0b0ZwkB9YU4mOW9Did//4vPZtDqv66NfsMU=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M8bDsm7K2OlrFYOpmOWEs/qY81heoFRclV5y23lUDJ4=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.6.1/go.mod h1:xXDCJY+GAPziupqXw64V24skbSoqbTEfhy4qGm1nDQc=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday v1.5.2/go.mod h1:JO/DiYxRf+HjHt06OyowR9PTA263kcR/rfWxYHBV53g=
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 5f27e27a8..3a33543f4 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0
 	github.com/ceramicnetwork/go-dag-jose v0.1.0
 	github.com/cheggaaa/pb v1.0.29
+	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/elgris/jsondiff v0.0.0-20160530203242-765b5c24c302
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-flatfs v0.5.1
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-leveldb v0.5.0
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-measure v0.2.0
+	github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble v0.4.0
 	github.com/ipfs/go-fs-lock v0.0.7
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-cmds v0.13.0
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ipld-cbor v0.2.0
@@ -95,12 +97,18 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
+	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5 // indirect
 	github.com/Jorropo/jsync v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20240626203959-61d1e3462e30 // indirect
 	github.com/alexbrainman/goissue34681 v0.0.0-20191006012335-3fc7a47baff5 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/crackcomm/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20231225121904-e25f5bc08668 // indirect
 	github.com/cskr/pubsub v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -115,6 +123,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
@@ -151,6 +160,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
 	github.com/koron/go-ssdp v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-cidranger v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-flow-metrics v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -164,7 +175,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/libp2p/go-yamux/v4 v4.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/zeroconf/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/marten-seemann/tcp v0.0.0-20210406111302-dfbc87cc63fd // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.6 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20170206155736-9520e82c474b // indirect
@@ -210,6 +221,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.45.2 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/webtransport-go v0.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/raulk/go-watchdog v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/cors v1.10.1 // indirect
 	github.com/samber/lo v1.46.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 0c5e5bbd6..09a91f624 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIo
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5 h1:EndNeuB0l9syBZhut0wns3gV1hL8zX8LIu6ZiVHWLIQ=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5/go.mod h1:1jcaCB/ufaK+sKp1NBhlGmpz41jOoPQ35bpF36t7BBo=
 github.com/Jorropo/jsync v1.0.1 h1:6HgRolFZnsdfzRUj+ImB9og1JYOxQoReSywkHOGSaUU=
 github.com/Jorropo/jsync v1.0.1/go.mod h1:jCOZj3vrBCri3bSU3ErUYvevKlnbssrXeCivybS5ABQ=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2 h1:KMrpdQIwFcEqXDklaen+P1axHaj9BSKzvpUUfnHldSE=
@@ -104,6 +106,20 @@ github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMn
 github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.2.0/go.mod h1:To2CFviqOWL/M0gIMsvSMlqe7em/l1ALkX1PyjrX2Qs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
+github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.3-0.20230413201302-be42291fc80f h1:otljaYPt5hWxV3MUfO5dFPFiOXg9CyG5/kCfayTqsJ4=
+github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v1.0.3-0.20230413201302-be42291fc80f/go.mod h1:a9RdTaap04u637JoCzcUoIcDmvwSUtcUFtT/C3kJlTU=
+github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3 h1:5bA+k2Y6r+oz/6Z/RFlNeVCesGARKuC6YymtcDrbC/I=
+github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3/go.mod h1:m4UIW4CDjx+R5cybPsNrRbreomiFqt8o1h1wUVazSd8=
+github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce h1:giXvy4KSc/6g/esnpM7Geqxka4WSqI1SZc7sMJFd3y4=
+github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce/go.mod h1:9/y3cnZ5GKakj/H4y9r9GTjCvAFta7KLgSHPJJYc52M=
+github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b h1:r6VH0faHjZeQy818SGhaone5OnYfxFR/+AzdY3sf5aE=
+github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b/go.mod h1:Vz9DsVWQQhf3vs21MhPMZpMGSht7O/2vFW2xusFUVOs=
+github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2 h1:CUh2IPtR4swHlEj48Rhfzw6l/d0qA31fItcIszQVIsA=
+github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2/go.mod h1:4exszw1r40423ZsmkG/09AFEG83I0uDgfujJdbL6kYU=
+github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 h1:u1PMllDkdFfPWaNGMyLD1+so+aq3uUItthCFqzwPJ30=
+github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5/go.mod h1:BVNblN9mBWFyMyqK1k3AAiSxhvhfK2oOZZ2lK+dpvRg=
+github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 h1:zuQyyAKVxetITBuuhv3BI9cMrmStnpT18zmgmTxunpo=
+github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06/go.mod h1:7nc4anLGjupUW/PeY5qiNYsdNXj7zopG+eqsS7To5IQ=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20201119153540-4cbc285b3327/go.mod h1:ZJeTFisyysqgcCdecO57Dj79RfL0LNeGiFUqLYQRYLE=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 h1:v8rEWFl6EoqHB+swVNjVoCJE8o3jX7e8nqBGPLaDFBM=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0/go.mod h1:6ppBcbh/NOOUU+dMKrykgaBnK9lCIBxHqJDGwsa1mIw=
@@ -177,10 +193,14 @@ github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.6.0 h1:n+5WquG0fcWoWp6xPWfHdbskMCQaFnG6PfBrh1Ky4
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.6.0/go.mod h1:sl3t1tCWJFWoRz9R8WJCbQihKKwmorjAbSClcnxKAGw=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.4 h1:QjV6pZ7/XZ7ryI2KuyeEDE8wnh7fHP9YnQy+R0LnH8I=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.4/go.mod h1:JwLei5XPtWdGiMFB5Pjle1oEeoSeEuJfJE+TtfvdB/s=
+github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 h1:Pv98CIbtB3LkMWmXi4Joa5OOcwbmnX88sF5qbK3r3Ps=
+github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0/go.mod h1:lc76E2QywIyW8WuBnwl8Lc4bkmQH4+w1gwTf25trprY=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.1.1/go.mod h1:U7qILu1NlMHj9FlMhZLlkCdDnU1DBEAqr0aevW3Awn0=
 github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:9ES+weclKsC9YodN5RgxqK/VD9HM9JsCSh7rNhMZE98=
 github.com/go-errors/errors v1.0.1/go.mod h1:f4zRHt4oKfwPJE5k8C9vpYG+aDHdBFUsgrm6/TyX73Q=
+github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2 h1:J6MZopCL4uSllY1OfXM374weqZFFItUbrImctkmUxIA=
+github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2/go.mod h1:sIVyrIiJhuEF+Pj9Ebtd6P/rEYROXFi3BopGUQ5a5Og=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw v0.0.0-20190409004039-e6da0acd62b1/go.mod h1:vR7hzQXu2zJy9AVAgeJqvqgH9Q5CA+iKCZ2gyEVpxRU=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20191125211704-12ad95a8df72/go.mod h1:tQ2UAYgL5IevRw8kRxooKSPJfGvJ9fJQFa0TUsXzTg8=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20200222043503-6f7a984d4dc4/go.mod h1:tQ2UAYgL5IevRw8kRxooKSPJfGvJ9fJQFa0TUsXzTg8=
@@ -365,6 +385,8 @@ github.com/ipfs/go-ds-leveldb v0.5.0 h1:s++MEBbD3ZKc9/8/njrn4flZLnCuY9I79v94gBUN
 github.com/ipfs/go-ds-leveldb v0.5.0/go.mod h1:d3XG9RUDzQ6V4SHi8+Xgj9j1XuEk1z82lquxrVbml/Q=
 github.com/ipfs/go-ds-measure v0.2.0 h1:sG4goQe0KDTccHMyT45CY1XyUbxe5VwTKpg2LjApYyQ=
 github.com/ipfs/go-ds-measure v0.2.0/go.mod h1:SEUD/rE2PwRa4IQEC5FuNAmjJCyYObZr9UvVh8V3JxE=
+github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble v0.4.0 h1:88lgFAs2ck8jCQ8lMYRBtksEg18r9BlvTxIMnNJkZaQ=
+github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble v0.4.0/go.mod h1:ZyYU+weIni+4NG/Yjva+cPkU3ghlsU1HA2R/VLHJ9sM=
 github.com/ipfs/go-fs-lock v0.0.7 h1:6BR3dajORFrFTkb5EpCUFIAypsoxpGpDSVUdFwzgL9U=
 github.com/ipfs/go-fs-lock v0.0.7/go.mod h1:Js8ka+FNYmgQRLrRXzU3CB/+Csr1BwrRilEcvYrHhhc=
 github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-blockstore v1.3.1 h1:cEI9ci7V0sRNivqaOr0elDsamxXFxJMMMy7PTTDQNsQ=
@@ -560,15 +582,15 @@ github.com/marten-seemann/tcp v0.0.0-20210406111302-dfbc87cc63fd/go.mod h1:QuCEs
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.0.9/go.mod h1:9vuHe8Xs5qXnSaW/c/ABM9alt+Vo+STaOChaDxuIBZU=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.1/go.mod h1:FuOcm+DKB9mbwrcAfNl7/TZVBZ6rcnceauSikq3lYCQ=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.4/go.mod h1:U0ppj6V5qS13XJ6of8GYAs25YV2eR4EVcfRqFIhoBtE=
-github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.6 h1:6Su7aK7lXmJ/U79bYtBjLNaha4Fs1Rg9plHpcH+vvnE=
-github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.6/go.mod h1:u6P/XSegPjTcexA+o6vUJrdnUu04hMope9wVRipJSqc=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 h1:fFA4WZxdEF4tXPZVKMLwD8oUnCTTo08duU7wxecdEvA=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13/go.mod h1:7S9/ev0klgBDR4GtXTXX8a3vIGJpMovkB8vQcUbaXHg=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4/go.mod h1:M+lRXTBqGeGNdLjl/ufCoiOlB5xdOkqRJdNxMWT7Zi4=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.5/go.mod h1:Iq45c/XA43vh69/j3iqttzPXn0bhXyGjM0Hdxcsrc5s=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.8/go.mod h1:Iq45c/XA43vh69/j3iqttzPXn0bhXyGjM0Hdxcsrc5s=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.11/go.mod h1:PhnuNfih5lzO57/f3n+odYbM4JtupLOxQOAqxQCu2WE=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.12/go.mod h1:cbi8OIDigv2wuxKPP5vlRcQ1OAZbq2CE4Kysco4FUpU=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.13/go.mod h1:cbi8OIDigv2wuxKPP5vlRcQ1OAZbq2CE4Kysco4FUpU=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14/go.mod h1:7GGIvUiUoEMVVmxf/4nioHXj79iQHKdU27kJ6hsGG94=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16/go.mod h1:kYGgaQfpe5nmfYZH+SKPsOc2e4SrIfOl2e/yFXSvRLM=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.4 h1:2BvfKmzob6Bmd4YsL0zygOqfdFnK7GR4QL06Do4/p7Y=
@@ -685,6 +707,8 @@ github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58/go.mod h1:DXv8WO4yhM
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.2.0/go.mod h1:5z9KED0ma1S8pY6P1sdut58dfprrGBbd/94hg7ilaic=
 github.com/petar/GoLLRB v0.0.0-20210522233825-ae3b015fd3e9 h1:1/WtZae0yGtPq+TI6+Tv1WTxkukpXeMlviSxvL7SRgk=
 github.com/petar/GoLLRB v0.0.0-20210522233825-ae3b015fd3e9/go.mod h1:x3N5drFsm2uilKKuuYo6LdyD8vZAW55sH/9w+pbo1sw=
+github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.4 h1:lFuQV/oaUMGcD2tqt+01ROSmJs75VG1ToEOkZIZ4nE4=
+github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.4/go.mod h1:Oi8TUi2kEtXXLMJk9l1cGmz20kV3TaQ0usTwv5KuLY8=
 github.com/pion/datachannel v1.5.8 h1:ph1P1NsGkazkjrvyMfhRBUAWMxugJjq2HfQifaOoSNo=
 github.com/pion/datachannel v1.5.8/go.mod h1:PgmdpoaNBLX9HNzNClmdki4DYW5JtI7Yibu8QzbL3tI=
 github.com/pion/dtls/v2 v2.2.7/go.mod h1:8WiMkebSHFD0T+dIU+UeBaoV7kDhOW5oDCzZ7WZ/F9s=
@@ -727,6 +751,7 @@ github.com/pion/turn/v2 v2.1.6 h1:Xr2niVsiPTB0FPtt+yAWKFUkU1eotQbGgpTIld4x1Gc=
 github.com/pion/turn/v2 v2.1.6/go.mod h1:huEpByKKHix2/b9kmTAM3YoX6MKP+/D//0ClgUYR2fY=
 github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.3.0 h1:Rf4u6n6U5t5sUxhYPQk/samzU/oDv7jk6BA5hyO2F9I=
 github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:hVmrDJvwhEertRWObeb1xzulzHGeVUoPlWvxdGzcfU0=
+github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.0/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
@@ -785,6 +810,7 @@ github.com/raulk/go-watchdog v1.3.0 h1:oUmdlHxdkXRJlwfG0O9omj8ukerm8MEQavSiDTEtB
 github.com/raulk/go-watchdog v1.3.0/go.mod h1:fIvOnLbF0b0ZwkB9YU4mOW9Did//4vPZtDqv66NfsMU=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M8bDsm7K2OlrFYOpmOWEs/qY81heoFRclV5y23lUDJ4=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.6.1/go.mod h1:xXDCJY+GAPziupqXw64V24skbSoqbTEfhy4qGm1nDQc=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/rs/cors v1.10.1 h1:L0uuZVXIKlI1SShY2nhFfo44TYvDPQ1w4oFkUJNfhyo=
@@ -1200,6 +1226,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220114195835-da31bd327af9/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220708085239-5a0f0661e09d/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220908164124-27713097b956/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
diff --git a/plugin/loader/preload.go b/plugin/loader/preload.go
index 2ad84e594..75e21270c 100644
--- a/plugin/loader/preload.go
+++ b/plugin/loader/preload.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	pluginipldgit "github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/git"
 	pluginlevelds "github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/levelds"
 	pluginnopfs "github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/nopfs"
+	pluginpebbleds "github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/pebbleds"
 	pluginpeerlog "github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/peerlog"
 )
 
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ func init() {
 	Preload(pluginbadgerds.Plugins...)
 	Preload(pluginflatfs.Plugins...)
 	Preload(pluginlevelds.Plugins...)
+	Preload(pluginpebbleds.Plugins...)
 	Preload(pluginpeerlog.Plugins...)
 	Preload(pluginfxtest.Plugins...)
 	Preload(pluginnopfs.Plugins...)
diff --git a/plugin/loader/preload_list b/plugin/loader/preload_list
index 462a3f393..190cc65d7 100644
--- a/plugin/loader/preload_list
+++ b/plugin/loader/preload_list
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ iplddagjose github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/dagjose *
 badgerds github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/badgerds *
 flatfs github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/flatfs *
 levelds github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/levelds *
+pebbleds github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/pebbleds *
 peerlog github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/peerlog *
 fxtest github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/fxtest *
-nopfs github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/nopfs *
\ No newline at end of file
+nopfs github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin/plugins/nopfs *
diff --git a/plugin/plugins/flatfs/flatfs.go b/plugin/plugins/flatfs/flatfs.go
index 1a23dfcca..397c2656c 100644
--- a/plugin/plugins/flatfs/flatfs.go
+++ b/plugin/plugins/flatfs/flatfs.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type datastoreConfig struct {
 	syncField bool
 }
 
-// BadgerdsDatastoreConfig returns a configuration stub for a badger datastore
+// BadgerdsDatastoreConfig returns a configuration stub for a flatfs datastore
 // from the given parameters.
 func (*flatfsPlugin) DatastoreConfigParser() fsrepo.ConfigFromMap {
 	return func(params map[string]interface{}) (fsrepo.DatastoreConfig, error) {
diff --git a/plugin/plugins/levelds/levelds.go b/plugin/plugins/levelds/levelds.go
index b08872de6..78331730e 100644
--- a/plugin/plugins/levelds/levelds.go
+++ b/plugin/plugins/levelds/levelds.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type datastoreConfig struct {
 	compression ldbopts.Compression
 }
 
-// BadgerdsDatastoreConfig returns a configuration stub for a badger datastore
+// DatastoreConfigParser returns a configuration stub for a badger datastore
 // from the given parameters.
 func (*leveldsPlugin) DatastoreConfigParser() fsrepo.ConfigFromMap {
 	return func(params map[string]interface{}) (fsrepo.DatastoreConfig, error) {
diff --git a/plugin/plugins/pebbleds/pebbleds.go b/plugin/plugins/pebbleds/pebbleds.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..320fb3156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugin/plugins/pebbleds/pebbleds.go
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package pebbleds
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
+	pebbleds "github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble"
+	"github.com/ipfs/kubo/plugin"
+	"github.com/ipfs/kubo/repo"
+	"github.com/ipfs/kubo/repo/fsrepo"
+)
+
+// Plugins is exported list of plugins that will be loaded.
+var Plugins = []plugin.Plugin{
+	&pebbledsPlugin{},
+}
+
+type pebbledsPlugin struct{}
+
+var _ plugin.PluginDatastore = (*pebbledsPlugin)(nil)
+
+func (*pebbledsPlugin) Name() string {
+	return "ds-pebble"
+}
+
+func (*pebbledsPlugin) Version() string {
+	return "0.1.0"
+}
+
+func (*pebbledsPlugin) Init(_ *plugin.Environment) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*pebbledsPlugin) DatastoreTypeName() string {
+	return "pebbleds"
+}
+
+type datastoreConfig struct {
+	path      string
+	cacheSize int64
+
+	// Documentation of these values: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/cockroachdb/pebble@v1.1.2#Options
+	pebbleOpts *pebble.Options
+}
+
+// PebbleDatastoreConfig returns a configuration stub for a pebble datastore
+// from the given parameters.
+func (*pebbledsPlugin) DatastoreConfigParser() fsrepo.ConfigFromMap {
+	return func(params map[string]any) (fsrepo.DatastoreConfig, error) {
+		var c datastoreConfig
+		var ok bool
+
+		c.path, ok = params["path"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("'path' field is missing or not string")
+		}
+
+		cacheSize, err := getConfigInt("cacheSize", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		c.cacheSize = int64(cacheSize)
+
+		bytesPerSync, err := getConfigInt("bytesPerSync", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		disableWAL, err := getConfigBool("disableWAL", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		l0CompactionThreshold, err := getConfigInt("l0CompactionThreshold", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		l0StopWritesThreshold, err := getConfigInt("l0StopWritesThreshold", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		lBaseMaxBytes, err := getConfigInt("lBaseMaxBytes", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		maxConcurrentCompactions, err := getConfigInt("maxConcurrentCompactions", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		memTableSize, err := getConfigInt("memTableSize", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		memTableStopWritesThreshold, err := getConfigInt("memTableStopWritesThreshold", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		walBytesPerSync, err := getConfigInt("walBytesPerSync", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		walMinSyncSec, err := getConfigInt("walMinSyncIntervalSeconds", params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if bytesPerSync != 0 || disableWAL || l0CompactionThreshold != 0 || l0StopWritesThreshold != 0 || lBaseMaxBytes != 0 || maxConcurrentCompactions != 0 || memTableSize != 0 || memTableStopWritesThreshold != 0 || walBytesPerSync != 0 || walMinSyncSec != 0 {
+			c.pebbleOpts = &pebble.Options{
+				BytesPerSync:                bytesPerSync,
+				DisableWAL:                  disableWAL,
+				L0CompactionThreshold:       l0CompactionThreshold,
+				L0StopWritesThreshold:       l0StopWritesThreshold,
+				LBaseMaxBytes:               int64(lBaseMaxBytes),
+				MemTableSize:                uint64(memTableSize),
+				MemTableStopWritesThreshold: memTableStopWritesThreshold,
+				WALBytesPerSync:             walBytesPerSync,
+			}
+			if maxConcurrentCompactions != 0 {
+				c.pebbleOpts.MaxConcurrentCompactions = func() int { return maxConcurrentCompactions }
+			}
+			if walMinSyncSec != 0 {
+				c.pebbleOpts.WALMinSyncInterval = func() time.Duration { return time.Duration(walMinSyncSec) * time.Second }
+			}
+		}
+
+		return &c, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func getConfigBool(name string, params map[string]any) (bool, error) {
+	val, ok := params[name]
+	if ok {
+		bval, ok := val.(bool)
+		if !ok {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("%q field was not a bool", name)
+		}
+		return bval, nil
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func getConfigInt(name string, params map[string]any) (int, error) {
+	val, ok := params[name]
+	if ok {
+		// TODO: see why val may be an int or a float64.
+		ival, ok := val.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			fval, ok := val.(float64)
+			if !ok {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("%q field was not an integer or a float64", name)
+			}
+			return int(fval), nil
+		}
+		return ival, nil
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (c *datastoreConfig) DiskSpec() fsrepo.DiskSpec {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"type": "pebbleds",
+		"path": c.path,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *datastoreConfig) Create(path string) (repo.Datastore, error) {
+	p := c.path
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(p) {
+		p = filepath.Join(path, p)
+	}
+
+	if err := dirWritable(p); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pebbleds.NewDatastore(p, pebbleds.WithCacheSize(c.cacheSize), pebbleds.WithPebbleOpts(c.pebbleOpts))
+}
+
+// dirWritable checks if a directory is writable. If the directory does
+// not exist it is created with writable permission.
+func dirWritable(dir string) error {
+	if dir == "" {
+		return errors.New("directory not specified")
+	}
+	var err error
+	dir, err = expandHome(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fi, err := os.Stat(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Directory does not exist, so create it.
+			err = os.Mkdir(dir, 0775)
+			if err == nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrPermission) {
+			err = fs.ErrPermission
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("directory not writable: %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	if !fi.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a directory: %s", dir)
+	}
+
+	// Directory exists, check that a file can be written.
+	file, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, "writetest")
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrPermission) {
+			err = fs.ErrPermission
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("directory not writable: %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	file.Close()
+	return os.Remove(file.Name())
+}
+
+// expandHome expands the path to include the home directory if the path is
+// prefixed with `~`. If it isn't prefixed with `~`, the path is returned
+// as-is.
+func expandHome(path string) (string, error) {
+	if path == "" {
+		return path, nil
+	}
+
+	if path[0] != '~' {
+		return path, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(path) > 1 && path[1] != '/' && path[1] != '\\' {
+		return "", errors.New("cannot expand user-specific home dir")
+	}
+
+	dir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return filepath.Join(dir, path[1:]), nil
+}



Test patch:
diff --git a/test/sharness/t0021-config.sh b/test/sharness/t0021-config.sh
index 5264908c7..95a8a7d87 100755
--- a/test/sharness/t0021-config.sh
+++ b/test/sharness/t0021-config.sh
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ test_config_cmd() {
 
   # won't work as it changes datastore definition, which makes ipfs not launch
   # without converting first
-  # test_profile_apply_revert badgerds
+  # test_profile_apply_revert pebbleds
 
   test_expect_success "cleanup config backups" '
     find "$IPFS_PATH" -name "config-*" -exec rm {} \;
diff --git a/test/sharness/t0025-datastores.sh b/test/sharness/t0025-datastores.sh
index f0ddd4e2e..6be9eb3ed 100755
--- a/test/sharness/t0025-datastores.sh
+++ b/test/sharness/t0025-datastores.sh
@@ -4,13 +4,20 @@ test_description="Test non-standard datastores"
 
 . lib/test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success "'ipfs init --empty-repo=false --profile=badgerds' succeeds" '
-  BITS="2048" &&
-  ipfs init --empty-repo=false --profile=badgerds
-'
+profiles=("flatfs" "pebbleds" "badgerds")
+proot="$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/t0025.XXXXXX")"
 
-test_expect_success "'ipfs pin ls' works" '
-  ipfs pin ls | wc -l | grep 9
-'
+for profile in "${profiles[@]}"; do
+    test_expect_success "'ipfs init --empty-repo=false --profile=$profile' succeeds" '
+        BITS="2048" &&
+        IPFS_PATH="$proot/$profile" &&
+        ipfs init --empty-repo=false --profile=$profile
+    '
+    test_expect_success "'ipfs pin add' and 'pin ls' works with $profile" '
+        export IPFS_PATH="$proot/$profile" &&
+        echo -n "hello_$profile" | ipfs block put --pin=true > hello_cid &&
+        ipfs pin ls -t recursive "$(cat hello_cid)"
+    '
+done
 
 test_done