Repository: googleapis/python-api-core

Issue:
Retry should generate sleep time after attempt
Currently our retry logic [pulls the next sleep time from the generator](https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/blob/7fbd5fda207d856b5835d0e0166df52e4819522a/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming_async.py#L114) before starting an rpc. This allows us to [immediately fail with a ValueError](https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/blob/7fbd5fda207d856b5835d0e0166df52e4819522a/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming_async.py#L192) if the generator stops providing backoff values

The downside of this approach is that the backoff is locked in before the rpc is attempted.

Bigtable [has a feature](https://github.com/googleapis/python-bigtable/issues/1064) where the server can provide a backoff value to the client for the next attempt. The design of Python's retry classes is flexible enough to allow this, except for the fact that the next backoff value is locked in early.

To support this feature, I suggest that we only call the backoff generator when we are ready for the next sleep.

Hints from issue comments:
@daniel-sanche: opened a PR: https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/pull/793

Solution patch:
diff --git a/google/api_core/retry/retry_base.py b/google/api_core/retry/retry_base.py
index 1606e0f..263b4cc 100644
--- a/google/api_core/retry/retry_base.py
+++ b/google/api_core/retry/retry_base.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import random
 import time
 
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Iterator, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import requests.exceptions
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ def build_retry_error(
 def _retry_error_helper(
     exc: Exception,
     deadline: float | None,
-    next_sleep: float,
+    sleep_iterator: Iterator[float],
     error_list: list[Exception],
     predicate_fn: Callable[[Exception], bool],
     on_error_fn: Callable[[Exception], None] | None,
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def _retry_error_helper(
         tuple[Exception, Exception | None],
     ],
     original_timeout: float | None,
-):
+) -> float:
     """
     Shared logic for handling an error for all retry implementations
 
@@ -194,13 +194,15 @@ def _retry_error_helper(
     Args:
        - exc: the exception that was raised
        - deadline: the deadline for the retry, calculated as a diff from time.monotonic()
-       - next_sleep: the next sleep interval
+       - sleep_iterator: iterator to draw the next backoff value from
        - error_list: the list of exceptions that have been raised so far
        - predicate_fn: takes `exc` and returns true if the operation should be retried
        - on_error_fn: callback to execute when a retryable error occurs
        - exc_factory_fn: callback used to build the exception to be raised on terminal failure
        - original_timeout_val: the original timeout value for the retry (in seconds),
            to be passed to the exception factory for building an error message
+    Returns:
+        - the sleep value chosen before the next attempt
     """
     error_list.append(exc)
     if not predicate_fn(exc):
@@ -212,6 +214,12 @@ def _retry_error_helper(
         raise final_exc from source_exc
     if on_error_fn is not None:
         on_error_fn(exc)
+    # next_sleep is fetched after the on_error callback, to allow clients
+    # to update sleep_iterator values dynamically in response to errors
+    try:
+        next_sleep = next(sleep_iterator)
+    except StopIteration:
+        raise ValueError("Sleep generator stopped yielding sleep values.") from exc
     if deadline is not None and time.monotonic() + next_sleep > deadline:
         final_exc, source_exc = exc_factory_fn(
             error_list,
@@ -222,6 +230,7 @@ def _retry_error_helper(
     _LOGGER.debug(
         "Retrying due to {}, sleeping {:.1f}s ...".format(error_list[-1], next_sleep)
     )
+    return next_sleep
 
 
 class _BaseRetry(object):
diff --git a/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming.py b/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming.py
index 0066684..e4474c8 100644
--- a/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming.py
+++ b/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming.py
@@ -107,8 +107,11 @@ def retry_target_stream(
         time.monotonic() + timeout if timeout is not None else None
     )
     error_list: list[Exception] = []
+    sleep_iter = iter(sleep_generator)
 
-    for sleep in sleep_generator:
+    # continue trying until an attempt completes, or a terminal exception is raised in _retry_error_helper
+    # TODO: support max_attempts argument: https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/issues/535
+    while True:
         # Start a new retry loop
         try:
             # Note: in the future, we can add a ResumptionStrategy object
@@ -121,10 +124,10 @@ def retry_target_stream(
         # This function explicitly must deal with broad exceptions.
         except Exception as exc:
             # defer to shared logic for handling errors
-            _retry_error_helper(
+            next_sleep = _retry_error_helper(
                 exc,
                 deadline,
-                sleep,
+                sleep_iter,
                 error_list,
                 predicate,
                 on_error,
@@ -132,9 +135,7 @@ def retry_target_stream(
                 timeout,
             )
             # if exception not raised, sleep before next attempt
-            time.sleep(sleep)
-
-    raise ValueError("Sleep generator stopped yielding sleep values.")
+            time.sleep(next_sleep)
 
 
 class StreamingRetry(_BaseRetry):
diff --git a/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming_async.py b/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming_async.py
index 942abf5..5e5fa24 100644
--- a/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming_async.py
+++ b/google/api_core/retry/retry_streaming_async.py
@@ -109,9 +109,12 @@ async def retry_target_stream(
     deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout if timeout else None
     # keep track of retryable exceptions we encounter to pass in to exception_factory
     error_list: list[Exception] = []
+    sleep_iter = iter(sleep_generator)
     target_is_generator: bool | None = None
 
-    for sleep in sleep_generator:
+    # continue trying until an attempt completes, or a terminal exception is raised in _retry_error_helper
+    # TODO: support max_attempts argument: https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/issues/535
+    while True:
         # Start a new retry loop
         try:
             # Note: in the future, we can add a ResumptionStrategy object
@@ -174,10 +177,10 @@ async def retry_target_stream(
         # This function explicitly must deal with broad exceptions.
         except Exception as exc:
             # defer to shared logic for handling errors
-            _retry_error_helper(
+            next_sleep = _retry_error_helper(
                 exc,
                 deadline,
-                sleep,
+                sleep_iter,
                 error_list,
                 predicate,
                 on_error,
@@ -185,11 +188,11 @@ async def retry_target_stream(
                 timeout,
             )
             # if exception not raised, sleep before next attempt
-            await asyncio.sleep(sleep)
+            await asyncio.sleep(next_sleep)
+
         finally:
             if target_is_generator and target_iterator is not None:
                 await cast(AsyncGenerator["_Y", None], target_iterator).aclose()
-    raise ValueError("Sleep generator stopped yielding sleep values.")
 
 
 class AsyncStreamingRetry(_BaseRetry):
diff --git a/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary.py b/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary.py
index d5dff66..6d36bc7 100644
--- a/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary.py
+++ b/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary.py
@@ -138,8 +138,11 @@ def retry_target(
 
     deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout if timeout is not None else None
     error_list: list[Exception] = []
+    sleep_iter = iter(sleep_generator)
 
-    for sleep in sleep_generator:
+    # continue trying until an attempt completes, or a terminal exception is raised in _retry_error_helper
+    # TODO: support max_attempts argument: https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/issues/535
+    while True:
         try:
             result = target()
             if inspect.isawaitable(result):
@@ -150,10 +153,10 @@ def retry_target(
         # This function explicitly must deal with broad exceptions.
         except Exception as exc:
             # defer to shared logic for handling errors
-            _retry_error_helper(
+            next_sleep = _retry_error_helper(
                 exc,
                 deadline,
-                sleep,
+                sleep_iter,
                 error_list,
                 predicate,
                 on_error,
@@ -161,9 +164,7 @@ def retry_target(
                 timeout,
             )
             # if exception not raised, sleep before next attempt
-            time.sleep(sleep)
-
-    raise ValueError("Sleep generator stopped yielding sleep values.")
+            time.sleep(next_sleep)
 
 
 class Retry(_BaseRetry):
diff --git a/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary_async.py b/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary_async.py
index e76a37b..1f72476 100644
--- a/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary_async.py
+++ b/google/api_core/retry/retry_unary_async.py
@@ -149,18 +149,21 @@ async def retry_target(
 
     deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout if timeout is not None else None
     error_list: list[Exception] = []
+    sleep_iter = iter(sleep_generator)
 
-    for sleep in sleep_generator:
+    # continue trying until an attempt completes, or a terminal exception is raised in _retry_error_helper
+    # TODO: support max_attempts argument: https://github.com/googleapis/python-api-core/issues/535
+    while True:
         try:
             return await target()
         # pylint: disable=broad-except
         # This function explicitly must deal with broad exceptions.
         except Exception as exc:
             # defer to shared logic for handling errors
-            _retry_error_helper(
+            next_sleep = _retry_error_helper(
                 exc,
                 deadline,
-                sleep,
+                sleep_iter,
                 error_list,
                 predicate,
                 on_error,
@@ -168,9 +171,7 @@ async def retry_target(
                 timeout,
             )
             # if exception not raised, sleep before next attempt
-            await asyncio.sleep(sleep)
-
-    raise ValueError("Sleep generator stopped yielding sleep values.")
+            await asyncio.sleep(next_sleep)
 
 
 class AsyncRetry(_BaseRetry):


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_streaming_async.py b/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_streaming_async.py
index d0fd799..e44f536 100644
--- a/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_streaming_async.py
+++ b/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_streaming_async.py
@@ -36,7 +36,36 @@ async def test_retry_streaming_target_bad_sleep_generator():
     from google.api_core.retry.retry_streaming_async import retry_target_stream
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Sleep generator"):
-        await retry_target_stream(None, None, [], None).__anext__()
+        await retry_target_stream(None, lambda x: True, [], None).__anext__()
+
+
+@mock.patch("asyncio.sleep", autospec=True)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_streaming_target_dynamic_backoff(sleep):
+    """
+    sleep_generator should be iterated after on_error, to support dynamic backoff
+    """
+    from functools import partial
+    from google.api_core.retry.retry_streaming_async import retry_target_stream
+
+    sleep.side_effect = RuntimeError("stop after sleep")
+    # start with empty sleep generator; values are added after exception in push_sleep_value
+    sleep_values = []
+    error_target = partial(TestAsyncStreamingRetry._generator_mock, error_on=0)
+    inserted_sleep = 99
+
+    def push_sleep_value(err):
+        sleep_values.append(inserted_sleep)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        await retry_target_stream(
+            error_target,
+            predicate=lambda x: True,
+            sleep_generator=sleep_values,
+            on_error=push_sleep_value,
+        ).__anext__()
+    assert sleep.call_count == 1
+    sleep.assert_called_once_with(inserted_sleep)
 
 
 class TestAsyncStreamingRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
@@ -66,8 +95,8 @@ class TestAsyncStreamingRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
             str(retry_),
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
     async def _generator_mock(
-        self,
         num=5,
         error_on=None,
         exceptions_seen=None,
@@ -87,7 +116,7 @@ class TestAsyncStreamingRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
             for i in range(num):
                 if sleep_time:
                     await asyncio.sleep(sleep_time)
-                if error_on and i == error_on:
+                if error_on is not None and i == error_on:
                     raise ValueError("generator mock error")
                 yield i
         except (Exception, BaseException, GeneratorExit) as e:
diff --git a/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_unary_async.py b/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_unary_async.py
index dc64299..e7fdc96 100644
--- a/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_unary_async.py
+++ b/tests/asyncio/retry/test_retry_unary_async.py
@@ -136,9 +136,34 @@ async def test_retry_target_timeout_exceeded(monotonic, sleep, use_deadline_arg)
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_retry_target_bad_sleep_generator():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Sleep generator"):
+        await retry_async.retry_target(mock.sentinel.target, lambda x: True, [], None)
+
+
+@mock.patch("asyncio.sleep", autospec=True)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_target_dynamic_backoff(sleep):
+    """
+    sleep_generator should be iterated after on_error, to support dynamic backoff
+    """
+    sleep.side_effect = RuntimeError("stop after sleep")
+    # start with empty sleep generator; values are added after exception in push_sleep_value
+    sleep_values = []
+    exception = ValueError("trigger retry")
+    error_target = mock.Mock(side_effect=exception)
+    inserted_sleep = 99
+
+    def push_sleep_value(err):
+        sleep_values.append(inserted_sleep)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
         await retry_async.retry_target(
-            mock.sentinel.target, mock.sentinel.predicate, [], None
+            error_target,
+            predicate=lambda x: True,
+            sleep_generator=sleep_values,
+            on_error=push_sleep_value,
         )
+    assert sleep.call_count == 1
+    sleep.assert_called_once_with(inserted_sleep)
 
 
 class TestAsyncRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
diff --git a/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_streaming.py b/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_streaming.py
index 0bc85d9..2499b2a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_streaming.py
+++ b/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_streaming.py
@@ -33,7 +33,36 @@ def test_retry_streaming_target_bad_sleep_generator():
     with pytest.raises(
         ValueError, match="Sleep generator stopped yielding sleep values"
     ):
-        next(retry_streaming.retry_target_stream(None, None, [], None))
+        next(retry_streaming.retry_target_stream(None, lambda x: True, [], None))
+
+
+@mock.patch("time.sleep", autospec=True)
+def test_retry_streaming_target_dynamic_backoff(sleep):
+    """
+    sleep_generator should be iterated after on_error, to support dynamic backoff
+    """
+    from functools import partial
+
+    sleep.side_effect = RuntimeError("stop after sleep")
+    # start with empty sleep generator; values are added after exception in push_sleep_value
+    sleep_values = []
+    error_target = partial(TestStreamingRetry._generator_mock, error_on=0)
+    inserted_sleep = 99
+
+    def push_sleep_value(err):
+        sleep_values.append(inserted_sleep)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        next(
+            retry_streaming.retry_target_stream(
+                error_target,
+                predicate=lambda x: True,
+                sleep_generator=sleep_values,
+                on_error=push_sleep_value,
+            )
+        )
+    assert sleep.call_count == 1
+    sleep.assert_called_once_with(inserted_sleep)
 
 
 class TestStreamingRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
@@ -63,8 +92,8 @@ class TestStreamingRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
             str(retry_),
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
     def _generator_mock(
-        self,
         num=5,
         error_on=None,
         return_val=None,
@@ -82,7 +111,7 @@ class TestStreamingRetry(Test_BaseRetry):
         """
         try:
             for i in range(num):
-                if error_on and i == error_on:
+                if error_on is not None and i == error_on:
                     raise ValueError("generator mock error")
                 yield i
             return return_val
diff --git a/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_unary.py b/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_unary.py
index 6851fbe..f5bbcff 100644
--- a/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_unary.py
+++ b/tests/unit/retry/test_retry_unary.py
@@ -146,7 +146,33 @@ def test_retry_target_timeout_exceeded(monotonic, sleep, use_deadline_arg):
 
 def test_retry_target_bad_sleep_generator():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Sleep generator"):
-        retry.retry_target(mock.sentinel.target, mock.sentinel.predicate, [], None)
+        retry.retry_target(mock.sentinel.target, lambda x: True, [], None)
+
+
+@mock.patch("time.sleep", autospec=True)
+def test_retry_target_dynamic_backoff(sleep):
+    """
+    sleep_generator should be iterated after on_error, to support dynamic backoff
+    """
+    sleep.side_effect = RuntimeError("stop after sleep")
+    # start with empty sleep generator; values are added after exception in push_sleep_value
+    sleep_values = []
+    exception = ValueError("trigger retry")
+    error_target = mock.Mock(side_effect=exception)
+    inserted_sleep = 99
+
+    def push_sleep_value(err):
+        sleep_values.append(inserted_sleep)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        retry.retry_target(
+            error_target,
+            predicate=lambda x: True,
+            sleep_generator=sleep_values,
+            on_error=push_sleep_value,
+        )
+    assert sleep.call_count == 1
+    sleep.assert_called_once_with(inserted_sleep)
 
 
 class TestRetry(Test_BaseRetry):