Repository: ethereum/eth-account

Issue:
Error prone parsing of `bool` in `encode_typed_data/encoding_and_hashing.py:encode_field`
### What happened?

The `encode_data` method which is the underlying method for EIP712 encoding uses `encode_field` to encode its fields into the underlying python type. In the case of `bool` it just uses the python `bool` method to convert values to booleans, this however leads to very counterintuitive results, with strings like `"False"`, `"false"`, or `"0"` all getting parsed to `True`

### Code that produced the error

```python
from eth_account._utils.encode_typed_data.encoding_and_hashing import encode_data

if __name__ == '__main__':
    comp = encode_data(
        'Wow',
        {
            'Wow': [
                {'name': 'nice', 'type': 'bool'}
            ]
        },
        {
            'nice': '0' # can substitute for 'False' for same result
        }
    )

    # outputs: aa6fc6f6e625657d3af464fe79175e37e32237d2b4af802593e53cf78ab9a20900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000001
    print(f'comp.hex(): {comp.hex()}')
```


### Full error output

_No response_

### Fill this section in if you know how this could or should be fixed

- Change the bool parsing approach to recognize string formatted values like `"false"` / `"False"`
- Be more explicit about parsing, either expecting the already encoded type or rejecting unrecognized versions with an actual error

### eth-account Version

0.13.4

### Python Version

3.12.4

### Operating System

osx

### Output from `pip freeze`

```shell
annotated-types==0.7.0
bitarray==2.9.2
ckzg==2.0.1
cytoolz==1.0.0
eth-abi==5.1.0
eth-account==0.13.4
eth-hash==0.7.0
eth-keyfile==0.8.1
eth-keys==0.5.1
eth-rlp==2.1.0
eth-typing==5.0.0
eth-utils==5.0.0
hexbytes==1.2.1
parsimonious==0.10.0
pycryptodome==3.21.0
pydantic==2.9.2
pydantic-core==2.23.4
regex==2024.9.11
rlp==4.0.1
toolz==1.0.0
typing-extensions==4.12.2
```

Hints from issue comments:
@pacrob: Good point, @Philogy. We'll get it in in the next breaking update cycle.

Solution patch:
diff --git a/eth_account/_utils/encode_typed_data/encoding_and_hashing.py b/eth_account/_utils/encode_typed_data/encoding_and_hashing.py
index 832af0d4..63703bb2 100644
--- a/eth_account/_utils/encode_typed_data/encoding_and_hashing.py
+++ b/eth_account/_utils/encode_typed_data/encoding_and_hashing.py
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ def encode_field(
         return ("bytes32", keccak(encode(data_types, data_hashes)))
 
     elif type_ == "bool":
-        return (type_, bool(value))
+        falsy_values = {"False", "false", "0"}
+        return (type_, False) if not value or value in falsy_values else (type_, True)
 
     # all bytes types allow hexstr and str values
     elif type_.startswith("bytes"):
diff --git a/eth_account/messages.py b/eth_account/messages.py
index 95e15dba..7459cde4 100644
--- a/eth_account/messages.py
+++ b/eth_account/messages.py
@@ -255,6 +255,10 @@ def encode_typed_data(
         - ``int`` and ``uint`` types will also accept strings. If prefixed with ``"0x"``
           , the string will be interpreted as hex. Otherwise, it will be interpreted as
           decimal.
+        - Any value for a ``bool`` type that Python considers "falsy" will be
+          interpreted as ``False``. The strings ``"False"``, ``"false"``, and ``"0"``
+          will be also interpreted as ``False``. All other values will be interpreted as
+          ``True``.
 
     Noteable differences from ``signTypedData``:
         - Custom types that are not alphanumeric will encode differently.
diff --git a/newsfragments/303.bugfix.rst b/newsfragments/303.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e32c8bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/303.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Adds logic to interpret the string values ``"False"``, ``"false"``, and ``"0"`` as ``False`` when encoding EIP712 messages.


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/core/test_encode_typed_data/test_encode_typed_data_internals.py b/tests/core/test_encode_typed_data/test_encode_typed_data_internals.py
index c387b5bf..26ca9e53 100644
--- a/tests/core/test_encode_typed_data/test_encode_typed_data_internals.py
+++ b/tests/core/test_encode_typed_data/test_encode_typed_data_internals.py
@@ -327,7 +327,16 @@ def test_get_primary_type_fail(types, expected):
             "false",
             (
                 "bool",
-                True,
+                False,
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            "a_bool",
+            "bool",
+            "False",
+            (
+                "bool",
+                False,
             ),
         ),
         (
@@ -345,7 +354,7 @@ def test_get_primary_type_fail(types, expected):
             "0",
             (
                 "bool",
-                True,
+                False,
             ),
         ),
         (
@@ -494,9 +503,10 @@ def test_get_primary_type_fail(types, expected):
         "bytes value b'\x01' for bool type returns True",
         "bytes value b'\x00' for bool type returns True",
         "string 'true' value for bool type returns True",
-        "string 'false' value for bool type returns True",
+        "string 'false' value for bool type returns False",
+        "string 'False' value for bool type returns False",
         "string '1' value for bool type returns True",
-        "string '0' value for bool type returns True",
+        "string '0' value for bool type returns False",
         "address value for address type",
         "int16 value for int16 type",
         "uint256 value for uint256 type",