[content] train_lam.py (python)
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
import os

import einops
from flax.training import orbax_utils
from flax.training.train_state import TrainState
from jax.sharding import Mesh, PartitionSpec, NamedSharding
from jax.experimental.mesh_utils import create_device_mesh
import optax
import orbax.checkpoint as ocp
import numpy as np
import dm_pix as pix
import jax
import jax.numpy as jnp
import tyro
import wandb
import grain
import flax.nnx as nnx

from models.lam import LatentActionModel
from utils.dataloader import get_dataloader
from utils.lr_utils import get_lr_schedule
from utils.parameter_utils import count_parameters_by_component


@dataclass
class Args:
    # Experiment
    num_steps: int = 200_000
    seed: int = 0
    seq_len: int = 16
    image_channels: int = 3
    image_height: int = 90
    image_width: int = 160
    data_dir: str = ""
    save_ckpt: bool = False
    restore_ckpt: bool = False
    # Optimization
    batch_size: int = 36
    vq_beta: float = 0.25
    init_lr: float = 0.0
    max_lr: float = 3e-5
    decay_end: float = 0.0
    wsd_decay_steps: int = 10000 # NOTE: wsd_decay_steps will only be used when using a wsd-schedule
    warmup_steps: int = 5000
    lr_schedule : str = "wsd" # supported options: wsd, cos
    vq_reset_thresh: int = 50
    # LAM
    model_dim: int = 512
    ffn_dim: int = 2048
    latent_dim: int = 32
    num_latents: int = 6
    patch_size: int = 16
    num_blocks: int = 4
    num_heads: int = 8
    dropout: float = 0.0
    codebook_dropout: float = 0.0
    param_dtype: jnp.dtype = jnp.float32
    dtype: jnp.dtype = jnp.bfloat16
    # Logging
    log: bool = False
    entity: str = ""
    project: str = ""
    name: str = "train_lam"
    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=lambda: ["lam"])
    log_interval: int = 5
    log_image_interval: int = 250
    ckpt_dir: str = ""
    log_checkpoint_interval: int = 10000
    log_checkpoint_keep_period: int = 20000
    wandb_id: str = ""
    use_flash_attention: bool = True


args = tyro.cli(Args)


def lam_loss_fn(model, inputs):
    # --- Compute loss ---
    inputs["videos"] = inputs["videos"].astype(args.dtype) / 255.0
    model.train()
    outputs = model(inputs, training=True)
    gt_future_frames = inputs["videos"][:, 1:]
    mse = jnp.square(gt_future_frames - outputs["recon"]).mean()
    q_loss = jnp.square(jax.lax.stop_gradient(outputs["emb"]) - outputs["z"]).mean()
    commitment_loss = jnp.square(
        outputs["emb"] - jax.lax.stop_gradient(outputs["z"])
    ).mean()
    loss = mse + q_loss + args.vq_beta * commitment_loss

    # --- Compute validation metrics ---
    gt = gt_future_frames.clip(0, 1).reshape(-1, *gt_future_frames.shape[2:])
    recon = outputs["recon"].clip(0, 1).reshape(-1, *outputs["recon"].shape[2:])
    psnr = pix.psnr(gt, recon).mean()  # type: ignore
    ssim = pix.ssim(gt, recon).mean()  # type: ignore
    count_fn = jax.vmap(lambda i: (outputs["indices"] == i).sum())
    index_counts = count_fn(jnp.arange(args.num_latents))
    metrics = dict(
        loss=loss,
        mse=mse,
        q_loss=q_loss,
        commitment_loss=commitment_loss,
        psnr=psnr,
        ssim=ssim,
        codebook_usage=(index_counts != 0).mean(),
    )
    return loss, (outputs["recon"], metrics)


@nnx.jit
def train_step(lam, optimizer, inputs, action_last_active, rng):
    def loss_fn(model):
        return lam_loss_fn(model, inputs)
    
    # --- Update model ---
    (loss, (recon, metrics)), grads = nnx.value_and_grad(loss_fn, has_aux=True)(lam)
    optimizer.update(grads)

    # --- Reset inactive latent actions ---
    # Get the current model outputs to check codebook usage
    outputs = lam(inputs, training=False)
    count_fn = jax.vmap(lambda i: (outputs["indices"] == i).sum())
    index_counts = count_fn(jnp.arange(args.num_latents))
    
    # Get codebook from the model
    _, params, _ = nnx.split(lam, nnx.Param, ...)
    codebook = params["vq"]["codebook"]
    num_codes = len(codebook)
    active_codes = index_counts != 0.0
    
    # Update action_last_active tracking
    action_last_active = jnp.where(active_codes, 0, action_last_active + 1)
    
    # Calculate reset probabilities
    p_code = active_codes / (active_codes.sum() + 1e-8)  # Add small epsilon to avoid division by zero
    
    # Generate reset indices
    rng, reset_rng = jax.random.split(rng)
    reset_idxs = jax.random.choice(reset_rng, num_codes, shape=(num_codes,), p=p_code)
    
    # Determine which codes to reset
    do_reset = action_last_active >= args.vq_reset_thresh
    
    # Apply reset
    new_codebook = jnp.where(
        jnp.expand_dims(do_reset, -1), codebook[reset_idxs], codebook
    )
    
    # Update the model's codebook
    new_params = params.copy()
    new_params["vq"]["codebook"] = new_codebook
    nnx.update(lam, nnx.merge(lam.graphdef, new_params, lam.state))
    
    # Reset action_last_active for codes that were reset
    action_last_active = jnp.where(do_reset, 0, action_last_active)
    
    return loss, recon, action_last_active, metrics, rng


if __name__ == "__main__":
    jax.distributed.initialize()
    num_devices = jax.device_count()
    if num_devices == 0:
        raise ValueError("No JAX devices found.")
    print(f"Running on {num_devices} devices.")

    if args.batch_size % num_devices != 0:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Global batch size {args.batch_size} must be divisible by "
            f"number of devices {num_devices}."
        )

    per_device_batch_size_for_init = args.batch_size // num_devices

    rng = jax.random.PRNGKey(args.seed)

    # --- Initialize model ---
    rng, _rng = jax.random.split(rng)
    rngs = nnx.Rngs(_rng)
    lam = LatentActionModel(
        in_dim=args.image_channels,
        model_dim=args.model_dim,
        ffn_dim=args.ffn_dim,
        latent_dim=args.latent_dim,
        num_latents=args.num_latents,
        patch_size=args.patch_size,
        num_blocks=args.num_blocks,
        num_heads=args.num_heads,
        dropout=args.dropout,
        codebook_dropout=args.codebook_dropout,
        param_dtype=args.param_dtype,
        dtype=args.dtype,
        use_flash_attention=args.use_flash_attention,
        rngs=rngs,
    )

    # Count parameters
    _, params, _ = nnx.split(lam, nnx.Param, ...)
    param_counts = count_parameters_by_component(params)

    if args.log and jax.process_index() == 0:
        wandb_init_kwargs = {
            "entity": args.entity,
            "project": args.project,
            "name": args.name,
            "tags": args.tags,
            "group": "debug",
            "config": args,
        }

        if args.wandb_id:
            wandb_init_kwargs.update(
                {
                    "id": args.wandb_id,
                    "resume": "allow",
                }
            )
        wandb.init(**wandb_init_kwargs)

        wandb.config.update({"model_param_count": param_counts})

    print("Parameter counts:")
    print(param_counts)

    # --- Initialize optimizer ---
    lr_schedule = get_lr_schedule(args.lr_schedule, 
                                  args.init_lr, 
                                  args.max_lr, 
                                  args.decay_end, 
                                  args.num_steps, 
                                  args.warmup_steps, 
                                  args.wsd_decay_steps)
    tx = optax.adamw(learning_rate=lr_schedule, b1=0.9, b2=0.9, weight_decay=1e-4, mu_dtype=args.dtype)
    optimizer = nnx.Optimizer(lam, tx)

    # FIXME: switch to create_hybrid_device_mesh for runs spanning multiple nodes
    device_mesh_arr = create_device_mesh((num_devices,))
    mesh = Mesh(devices=device_mesh_arr, axis_names=("data",))

    replicated_sharding = NamedSharding(mesh, PartitionSpec())
    videos_sharding = NamedSharding(mesh, PartitionSpec("data", None, None, None, None))
    optimizer = jax.device_put(optimizer, replicated_sharding)

    # --- Initialize checkpoint manager ---
    step = 0
    handler_registry = ocp.handlers.DefaultCheckpointHandlerRegistry()
    handler_registry.add(
        "model_state", ocp.args.StandardSave, ocp.handlers.StandardCheckpointHandler
    )
    handler_registry.add(
        "model_state", ocp.args.StandardRestore, ocp.handlers.StandardCheckpointHandler
    )
    handler_registry.add("dataloader_state", grain.checkpoint.CheckpointSave, grain.checkpoint.CheckpointHandler)  # type: ignore
    handler_registry.add("dataloader_state", grain.checkpoint.CheckpointRestore, grain.checkpoint.CheckpointHandler)  # type: ignore

    checkpoint_options = ocp.CheckpointManagerOptions(
        save_interval_steps=args.log_checkpoint_interval,
        max_to_keep=3,
        keep_period=args.log_checkpoint_keep_period,
        step_format_fixed_length=6,
        cleanup_tmp_directories=True,
    )

    checkpoint_manager = ocp.CheckpointManager(
        args.ckpt_dir,
        options=checkpoint_options,
        handler_registry=handler_registry,
    )

    # --- Create DataLoaderIterator from dataloader ---
    image_shape = (args.image_height, args.image_width, args.image_channels)
    array_record_files = [
        os.path.join(args.data_dir, x)
        for x in os.listdir(args.data_dir)
        if x.endswith(".array_record")
    ]
    grain_dataloader = get_dataloader(
        array_record_files,
        args.seq_len,
        # NOTE: We deliberately pass the global batch size
        # The dataloader shards the dataset across all processes
        args.batch_size,
        *image_shape,
        num_workers=8,
        prefetch_buffer_size=1,
        seed=args.seed,
    )
    initial_state = grain_dataloader._create_initial_state()
    grain_iterator = grain.DataLoaderIterator(grain_dataloader, initial_state)

    # --- Restore checkpoint ---
    if args.restore_ckpt:
        abstract_train_state = jax.tree_util.tree_map(
            ocp.utils.to_shape_dtype_struct, optimizer
        )
        restored = checkpoint_manager.restore(
            checkpoint_manager.latest_step(),
            args=ocp.args.Composite(
                model_state=ocp.args.StandardRestore(abstract_train_state),
                dataloader_state=grain.checkpoint.CheckpointRestore(grain_iterator),
            ),
        )
        optimizer = restored["model_state"]
        grain_iterator = restored["dataloader_state"]
        step = checkpoint_manager.latest_step() or 0
        print(f"Restored dataloader and model state from step {step}")

    # --- TRAIN LOOP ---
    dataloader = (jax.make_array_from_process_local_data(videos_sharding, elem) for elem in grain_iterator)  # type: ignore
    print(f"Starting training from step {step}...")
    action_last_active = jnp.zeros(args.num_latents, dtype=jnp.int32)
    while step < args.num_steps:
        for videos in dataloader:
            # --- Train step ---
            rng, _rng = jax.random.split(rng)

            inputs = dict(videos=videos, rng=_rng)
            loss, recon, action_last_active, metrics, rng = train_step(lam, optimizer, inputs, action_last_active, rng)
            metrics["lr"] = lr_schedule(step)
            print(f"Step {step}, loss: {loss}")
            step += 1

            # --- Logging ---
            if args.log:
                if step % args.log_interval == 0 and jax.process_index() == 0:
                    wandb.log(
                        {
                            "loss": loss,
                            "step": step,
                            **metrics,
                        }
                    )
                if step % args.log_image_interval == 0:
                    gt_seq = inputs["videos"][0, 1:].astype(jnp.float32) / 255.0
                    recon_seq = recon[0].clip(0, 1)
                    comparison_seq = jnp.concatenate((gt_seq, recon_seq), axis=1)
                    comparison_seq = einops.rearrange(
                        comparison_seq * 255, "t h w c -> h (t w) c"
                    )
                    # NOTE: Process-dependent control flow deliberately happens
                    # after indexing operation since it must not contain code
                    # sections that lead to cross-accelerator communication.
                    if jax.process_index() == 0:
                        log_images = dict(
                            image=wandb.Image(np.asarray(gt_seq[0])),
                            recon=wandb.Image(np.asarray(recon_seq[0])),
                            true_vs_recon=wandb.Image(
                                np.asarray(comparison_seq.astype(np.uint8))
                            ),
                        )
                        wandb.log(log_images)
            # --- Checkpointing ---
            if args.save_ckpt and step % args.log_checkpoint_interval == 0:
                checkpoint_manager.save(
                    step,
                    args=ocp.args.Composite(
                        model_state=ocp.args.StandardSave(optimizer),
                        dataloader_state=grain.checkpoint.CheckpointSave(
                            grain_iterator
                        ),
                    ),
                )
                print(f"Saved checkpoint at step {step}")
            if step >= args.num_steps:
                break

    checkpoint_manager.close()