owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Impact of cane use on pain, function, general health and energy expenditure during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial.  To assess the impact of daily cane use during gait in relation to pain, function, general health and energy expenditure among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG). The EG used a cane every day for 2 months, whereas the CG did not use a cane in this period. The first outcome was pain and the second were function (Lequesne and WOMAC), general health (SF-36) and energy expenditure (gas analysis during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) with and without a cane). Evaluations were performed at baseline, 30 and 60 days. The groups were homogeneous for all parameters at baseline. Compared with the CG, the EG significantly improved pain (ES 0.18), function - Lequesne (ES 0.13), some domains of SF-36 (role physical, ES 0.07 and bodily pain, ES 0.08) and distance on the 6MWT with the cane (ES 0.16). At the end of the 6MWT with the cane, the EG significantly improved energy expenditure (ES 0.21), carbon dioxide production (ES 0.12) and metabolic equivalents (ES 0.15) compared with the CG. A cane can be used to diminish pain, improve function and some aspects of quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The prescription of a cane should take into account the substantial increase in energy expenditure in the first month of use, whereas energy expenditure is no longer a factor for concern by the end of the second month due to adaptation to cane use. The trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00698412). Output:

conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis
interventions: Device: Cane
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Human recombinant erythropoietin in asphyxia neonatorum: pilot trial.  The goal was to examine biochemical, neurophysiologic, anatomic, and clinical changes associated with erythropoietin administration to neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We conducted a prospective case-control study with 45 neonates in 3 groups, a normal healthy group (N = 15), a HIE-erythropoietin group (N = 15; infants with mild/moderate HIE who received human recombinant erythropoietin, 2500 IU/kg, subcutaneously, daily for 5 days), and a HIE-control group (N = 15; did not receive erythropoietin). Serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were measured at enrollment for the normal healthy neonates and at enrollment and after 2 weeks for the 2 HIE groups. The 2 HIE groups underwent electroencephalography at enrollment and at 2 to 3 weeks. Brain MRI was performed at 3 weeks. Neurologic evaluations and Denver Developmental Screening Test II assessments were performed at 6 months. Compared with normal healthy neonates, the 2 HIE groups had greater blood NO concentrations (P < .001). At enrollment, the 2 HIE groups did not differ in clinical severity, seizure incidence, NO concentrations, or electroencephalographic findings. At 2 weeks of age, electroencephalographic backgrounds improved significantly (P = .01) and NO concentrations decreased (P < .001) in the HIE-erythropoietin group, compared with the HIE-control group; MRI findings did not differ between groups. At 6 months of age, infants in the HIE-erythropoietin group had fewer neurologic (P = .03) and developmental (P = .03) abnormalities. This study demonstrates the feasibility of early administration of human recombinant erythropoietin to term neonates with HIE, to protect against encephalopathy. Output:

conditions: Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
interventions: Drug: Human recombinant erythropoietin|Procedure: EEG and Brain MRI|Biological: Nitric oxide measurement in the blood
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Effectiveness of Ischia thermal water nasal aerosol in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized and controlled study.  Allergic rhinitis is characterized by local inflammation. Nasal lavage may be a useful treatment, however, there are few studies on this topic. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Ischia thermal water nasal irrigation on allergic rhinitis symptoms and airway inflammation during the period of natural exposure to Parietaria pollen in children with allergic rhinitis and intermittent asthma. Forty allergic children were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (Group 1) practiced crenotherapy with thermal water aerosol for 15 days per month, for three consecutive months, the control group (Group 2) was treated with 0.9&#x0025; NaCl (isotonic) solution. In addition, all children were treated with cetirizine (0.5 gtt./kg/day once daily). Nasal symptom assessment, including Total Symptom Score (TSS), spirometry, and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were considered before the treatment (T0), at the end of the treatment (T1) and again 2 weeks after the end of the treatment (T2). The study was registered in the Clinical Trials.gov (NCT01326247). Thermal water significantly reduced both TSS and FeNO levels and there was a significant relationship between reduction of nasal symptoms and FeNO values at the end of treatment with thermal water. In conclusion, this study shows that nasal crenotherapy with the hypermineral chloride-sodium water of Ischia was effective in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis based on the sensitivity to Parietaria. These results demonstrate that this natural treatment may be effective in a common and debilitating disease such as the allergic rhinitis. Output:

conditions: Allergic Rhinitis (Disorder)
interventions: Other: thermal waters nasal irrigation
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and efficacy of locally manufactured pegylated interferon in hepatitis C patients.  To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of locally produced pegylated interferon-alpha2a in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. All treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C who referred to two university based outpatient clinics in Tehran from December 2007 to May 2008 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included the presence of a debilitating disease, decompensated cirrhosis, or refusal to participate in the study. Patients were treated with 180 microg pegylated interferon-alpha2a (Pegaferon) weekly and 800 - 1200 mg ribavirin daily for 24 or 48 weeks depending on genotype and weight. Viral and biochemical response and adverse drug reactions were recorded. A total of 108 patients were enrolled; 63 with genotype 1 and 45 with genotypes 2 and 3. The mean age of the patients was 39 years (range: 19 - 65). Ninety-seven patients completed the study and 76 achieved sustained viral response. The sustained viral response among patients completing the study was 67% for genotype 1 and 95% for genotypes 2 and 3. Adverse events were well tolerated and none led to discontinuation of treatment, however dose adjustment was necessitated in 16 patients. The most common adverse events were fatigue (73.5%), poor appetite (66.2%), and feverishness (57.4%). The mean hemoglobin drop was 2.9 g/dL. Locally produced PEG-IFN in Iran is safe and effective in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C. Output:

conditions: Hepatitis C
interventions: Drug: Pegaferon (pegylated interferon alpha 2a) + ribavirin
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Expanding access to triptans: assessment of clinical outcome.  To evaluate whether access to more liberal quantities of rizatriptan improves clinical outcome in patients with episodic migraine. Currently many pharmacy benefit programs limit the number of triptan tablets/injections per month based on perceived cost savings and the belief that too-frequent use of triptans may lead to medication overuse headache and headache chronification. This observer-blind, randomized, parallel-group study enrolled 197 subjects with migraine with or without aura. Subjects completed a 3-month baseline period to establish migraine frequency and then were randomly assigned to receive 9 (formulary limit [FL]) or 27 (clinical limit [CL]) tablets of 10 mg rizatriptan orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) per month for 3 months. The primary endpoint was change in the mean number of migraine days from the baseline to treatment period. There was no statistically significant difference between the FL and CL groups in mean number of migraine days (FL-CL LS mean: -0.08 [-0.39, 0.23]; P = .613). Subjects in the CL group treated attacks at lower headache severity. No CL subjects were reported to have developed chronic migraine despite utilization of greater than 10 rizatriptan ODT tablets per month. Rizatriptan was generally well tolerated by both groups. Providing a greater quantity of rizatriptan ODT 10 mg did not reduce the number of migraine days compared with providing 9 tablets per month for this population with episodic migraine with a frequency of 3-8 migraines per month. Regardless of quantity provided, rizatriptan was generally well tolerated. Output:

conditions: Migraine
interventions: Drug: rizatriptan|Drug: rizatriptan
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:24-h duration of the novel LABA vilanterol trifenatate in asthma patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids.  Current guidelines recommend adding a long-acting inhaled β(2)-agonist (LABA) to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with uncontrolled asthma. This study evaluated the novel, once-daily LABA vilanterol trifenatate (VI) in asthma patients who remained symptomatic despite existing ICS therapy. The study involved a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of VI (3, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg), administered once daily in the evening by dry powder inhaler for 28 days, in asthma patients aged ≥ 12 yrs symptomatic on current ICS therapy. The primary end-point was trough (24 h post-dose) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)); secondary end-points were weighted mean FEV(1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), symptom-/rescue-free 24-h periods, and safety. A significant relationship was observed between VI dose and improvements in trough FEV(1) (p=0.037). Statistically significant increases in mean trough FEV(1), relative to placebo, were documented for VI 12.5-50 μg (121-162 mL; p ≤ 0.016). Dose-related effects of VI were observed on weighted mean (0-24 h) FEV(1), morning/evening PEF, and symptom-/rescue-free 24-h periods. All doses of VI were well tolerated with low incidences of recognised LABA-related adverse events (tremor 0-2%; palpitations 0-2%; glucose effects 0-1%; potassium effects 0-<1%). Once-daily VI 12.5-50 μg resulted in prolonged bronchodilation of at least 24 h with good tolerability in asthma patients receiving ICS. Based on the overall efficacy and adverse event profile from this study, the optimum dose of VI appears to be 25 μg. Output:

conditions: Asthma
interventions: Drug: GW642444M|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Aldosterone synthase inhibition with LCI699: a proof-of-concept study in patients with primary aldosteronism.  We report the first administration of an orally active aldosterone synthase inhibitor, LCI699, to 14 patients with primary aldosteronism. After a 2-week placebo run-in, patients received oral LCI699 (0.5 mg BID) for 2 weeks, LCI699 (1.0 mg BID) for 2 weeks, and placebo for 1 week. We assessed changes in hormone concentrations, plasma potassium levels, and 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure and safety. The supine plasma aldosterone concentration decreased from 540 pmol/L (95% CI: 394 to 739 pmol/L) to 171 pmol/L (95% CI: 128 to 230 pmol/L) after 0.5 mg of LCI699 (-68%; P<0.0001) and to 133 pmol/L (95% CI: 100 to 177 pmol/L) after 1.0 mg of LCI699 (-75%; P<0.0001). Plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone concentrations increased by 710% after 0.5 mg of LCI699 (P<0.0001) and by 1427% after 1.0 mg of LCI699 (P<0.0001). The plasma potassium concentration increased from 3.27±0.31 to 4.03±0.33 mmol/L (P<0.0001) after only 1 week on 0.5 mg of LCI699. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure decreased by -4.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -8.1 to -0.1 mm Hg) after 4 weeks of treatment (P=0.046). Basal plasma cortisol concentrations remained unchanged, whereas plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations increased by 35% after 0.5 mg of LCI699 (P=0.08) and by 113% after 1.0 mg of LCI699 (P<0.0001), and the plasma cortisol response to an adrenocorticotropic hormone test was blunted. All of the variables except plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone concentration returned to initial levels after the placebo. LCI699 was well tolerated. In conclusion, the administration of LCI699, up to 1.0 mg BID, effectively and safely inhibits aldosterone synthase in patients with primary aldosteronism. This 4-week treatment corrected the hypokalemia and mildly decreased blood pressure. The effects on the glucocorticoid axis were consistent with a latent inhibition of cortisol synthesis. Output:

conditions: Primary Hyperaldosteronism
interventions: Drug: LCI699
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A randomized, double-blind study of 30 versus 20 mg dexmethylphenidate extended-release in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: late-day symptom control.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexmethylphenidate extended-release (d-MPH-ER) 30 versus 20 mg in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a 12-hour laboratory classroom setting. In a randomized, double-blind, 3-period × 3-treatment, crossover study, children aged 6 to 12 years with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-diagnosed ADHD previously stabilized on MPH (40-60 mg/d) or D-MPH (20-30 mg/day) [corrected] were randomized to receive D-MPH-ER 20 mg/day, 30 mg/day, [corrected] or placebo for 7 days each. Primary efficacy measurements were change in the average SKAMP-Combined [corrected] score from predose to 10, 11, and 12 hours postdose [Avg(10-12)] between 30 mg [corrected] and 20 mg D-MPH-ER. Safety was assessed by adverse events, (AEs), [corrected] vital sign monitoring, and ECGs. [corrected] A total of 165 children were randomized, and 162 included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Mean Avg (10-12) change from pre-dose [corrected] in SKAMP-Combined score was significantly greater for D-MPH-ER 30 mg (-4.47) compared with D-MPH-ER 20 mg (-2.02; P = 0.002). Most common adverse events (≥ 3% in any group) were decreased appetite (6.1%, 4.9%, and 0%), headache (4.3%, 4.3%, and 1.9%), abdominal pain (3.7%, 3.1%, and 3.1%), and tachycardia (1.2%, 3.1%, and 0.6%) for D-MPH-ER 30 mg, D-MPH-ER 20 mg, and placebo, respectively). Significantly greater improvement in ADHD symptoms was noted with D-MPH-ER 30 mg compared with D-MPH-ER 20 mg at hours 10 through 12. Tolerability was comparable between doses. Dexmethylphenidate extended-release 30-mg dose may provide further benefit to patients who do not maintain optimal symptom control later in the day with D-MPH-ER 20 mg. Output:

conditions: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
interventions: Drug: Dex-Methylphenidate hydrochloride Extended Release (FocalinÂ® XR)|Drug: Placebo