owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Evaluation of stool collections to measure efficacy of PERT in subjects with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.  The standard measure of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) efficacy in treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). CFA measurement involves 72-hour stool collection, which presents a logistical challenge because, although the test may be performed on an outpatient basis in clinical practice, hospitalization is needed if assurance of complete collection and 100% compliance is required, for example, in controlled situations such as clinical trials. Our aim was to investigate sparse stool sample collection as an alternative to complete 72-hour collection for measurement of stool fat in subjects with EPI. Prospective data analysis from a previously published, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover trial in subjects ages 7 to 11 years with EPI caused by cystic fibrosis. Percentage fat (PF) data from sparse stool samples were compared with 72-hour CFA values as a dichotomous variable (<80%, ≥80%), with evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Area under the curve values were obtained from receiver operating characteristic plots of sensitivity versus 1-specificity. Twelve subjects provided samples for this analysis. Multiple-sample PF values ≤30% were greatly predictive for CFA values ≥80%, as shown by positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity values ≥0.89, with high accuracy (AUCs ≥0.93). Sparse stool sampling for PF analysis appears to be a valid, practical alternative to 72-hour CFA determination and has potential as a screening tool in clinical practice to identify both suboptimal dosing in subjects with EPI receiving PERT and substantial fat malabsorption in subjects not receiving PERT. Output:

conditions: Cystic Fibrosis|Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency
interventions: Drug: Pancrelipase Delayed Release|Drug: Placebo Comparator
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Five-year antibody persistence and safety following a booster dose of combined Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.  Booster vaccination with the combined Haemophilus influenza type b-Neisseria meningitides serogroup C-tetanus toxoid vaccine (Hib-MenC-TT) has been reported to induce different MenC antibody responses depending on the priming vaccines, with a possible impact on long-term protection. Here, the five-year persistence of immune responses induced by a booster dose of Hib-MenC-TT was evaluated in toddlers primed with either Hib-MenC-TT or MenC-TT. This is the follow-up of a phase III, open, randomized study, in which a Hib-MenC-TT booster dose was given at 13.14 months of age to toddlers primed with either 3 doses of Hib-MenC-TT or 2 doses of MenC-TT in infancy. Children in the control group had received 3 primary doses and a booster dose of MenC-CRM197. Functional antibodies against MenC were measured by a serum bactericidal assay with rabbit complement (rSBA-MenC) and antibodies against Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serious adverse events considered by the investigator to be possibly related to vaccination were to be reported throughout the study. At 66 months postbooster, rSBA-MenC titers ≥8 were retained by 82.6% of children primed with Hib-MenC-TT, 94.1% of children primed with MenC-TT, and 60.9% of children in the control group. All children who received the Hib-MenC-TT booster dose retained anti- polyribosylribitol phosphate concentrations ≥0.15 μg/mL. No serious adverse events considered possibly related to vaccination were reported. There is evidence of good antibody persistence against MenC and Hib for more than five years postbooster vaccination with Hib-MenC TT in toddlers primed with Hib-MenC-TT or MenC-TT. Output:

conditions: Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Disease|Meningococcal Serogroup C Diseases
interventions: Biological: Haemophilus influenzae type b- and meningococcal (vaccine)|Biological: Infanrixâ„¢ penta|Biological: Infanrixâ„¢ hexa|Biological: Engerix-B|Biological: NeisVac-Câ„¢|Biological: Infanrixâ„¢ IPV/HIB|Biological: Meningitecâ„¢
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Single-dose pharmacokinetics of famciclovir in infants and population pharmacokinetic analysis in infants and children.  A multicenter, open-label study evaluated the single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a pediatric oral famciclovir (prodrug of penciclovir) formulation in infants aged 1 to 12 months with suspicion or evidence of herpes simplex virus infection. Individualized single doses of famciclovir based on the infant's body weight ranged from 25 to 175 mg. Eighteen infants were enrolled (1 to <3 months old [n = 8], 3 to <6 months old [n = 5], and 6 to 12 months old [n = 5]). Seventeen infants were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis; one infant experienced immediate emesis and was excluded. Mean C(max) and AUC(0-6) values of penciclovir in infants <6 months of age were approximately 3- to 4-fold lower than those in the 6- to 12-month age group. Specifically, mean AUC(0-6) was 2.2 microg h/ml in infants aged 1 to <3 months, 3.2 microg h/ml in infants aged 3 to <6 months, and 8.8 microg h/ml in infants aged 6 to 12 months. These data suggested that the dose administered to infants <6 months was less than optimal. Eight (44.4%) infants experienced at least one adverse event with gastrointestinal events reported most commonly. An updated pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted, which incorporated the data in infants from the present study and previously published data on children 1 to 12 years of age. An eight-step dosing regimen was derived that targeted exposure in infants and children 6 months to 12 years of age to match the penciclovir AUC seen in adults after a 500-mg dose of famciclovir. Output:

conditions: Herpes Simplex
interventions: Drug: famciclovir
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Multidetector-row computed tomography-based clinical assessment of fondaparinux for treatment of acute pulmonary embolism and acute deep vein thrombosis in Japanese patients.  Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the standard drug for the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in Japan, whereas fondaparinux is the standard drug in Europe and the United States. Here, we examine the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in Japanese patients. In 2 randomized, open-label, multicenter studies, 80 Japanese patients with acute PE or DVT received either subcutaneous fondaparinux or intravenous UFH as a non-comparative reference, in a 3:1 ratio, for 5-10 days. Concomitant warfarin therapy was continued until Day 90. Multidetector-row computed tomography-based assessment showed that 57.9% and 45.9% of the patients with acute PE and acute proximal DVT had proximal DVT and PE as a complication, respectively. There was no recurrence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. In the fondaparinux group, the respective improvement rates at the end of the initial treatment and follow-up periods were 71.4% and 86.8% for 42 patients with PE, and 57.8% and 83.3% for 46 patients with DVT; similar results were noted in the UFH group. One patient in the fondaparinux group experienced major bleeding during the initial treatment, but no such episode in the UFH group. Once-daily, subcutaneous fondaparinux is as effective and safe without monitoring as adjusted-dose intravenous UFH for the initial treatment of acute PE and DVT in Japanese patients. Output:

conditions: Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism|Embolism, Pulmonary
interventions: Drug: Fondaparinux sodium|Drug: unfractionated heparin (UFH)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety of 3 different reintroduction regimens of antituberculosis drugs after development of antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity.  Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is the most common adverse drug reaction leading to interruption of antituberculosis treatment. Worldwide, different reintroduction regimens have been advocated, but no consensus guidelines are available. Reintroduction of antituberculosis drugs in patients with DIH has never been studied systematically. We aimed to compare the safety of 3 different reintroduction regimens of antituberculosis drugs in patients with antituberculosis DIH. A total of 175 patients with a diagnosis of antituberculosis DIH were randomized to receive 1 of 3 different predefined reintroduction regimens of antituberculosis drugs and were evaluated prospectively. Patients in arm I were given isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide simultaneously at full dosage from day 1. In arm II, drugs were administered in a manner similar to that recommended in the American Thoracic Society guidelines for reintroduction. In arm III, drugs were administered in accordance with British Thoracic Society guidelines. Nineteen patients (10.9%) had recurrence of DIH during follow-up. Eight, 6, and 5 patients had recurrence of hepatitis in arms I, II, and III, respectively (P = .69). Of all the clinical and laboratory parameters, pretreatment serum albumin level was the only statistically significant predictor of future recurrence of DIH on reintroduction of antituberculosis drugs (P < .01). The recurrence rate of hepatotoxicity was not significantly different between the 3 groups. According to the findings of the present study, all 3 of the potentially hepatotoxic drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide) can be reintroduced simultaneously at full dosage safely from day 1, especially for patients with bilateral extensive pulmonary tuberculosis, to halt disease transmission or to treat patients with life-threatening tuberculosis. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number: NCT00405301. Output:

conditions: Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity|Tuberculosis
interventions: Drug: Rifampicin(max dose 10 mg/kg/day), Isoniazide (max dose 5 mg/kg/day) and Pyrazinamide (max dose 25 mg/kg/day)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:LX4211, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor, improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.  Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a once-daily oral dose of placebo or 150 or 300 mg of the dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor LX4211 for 28 days. Relative to placebo, LX4211 enhanced urinary glucose excretion by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption; markedly and significantly improved multiple measures of glycemic control, including fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and HbA(1c); and significantly lowered serum triglycerides. LX4211 also mediated trends for lower weight, lower blood pressure, and higher glucagon-like peptide-1 levels. In a follow-up single-dose study in 12 patients with T2DM, LX4211 (300 mg) significantly increased glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY levels relative to pretreatment values, probably by delaying SGLT1-mediated intestinal glucose absorption. In both studies, LX4211 was well tolerated without evidence of increased gastrointestinal side effects. These data support further study of LX4211-mediated dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibition as a novel mechanism of action in the treatment of T2DM. Output:

conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
interventions: Drug: LX4211 Low Dose|Drug: LX4211 High Dose|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Pegfilgrastim versus filgrastim after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell support.  American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend the use of growth factor after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support. This randomized trial aims to demonstrate the noninferiority of pegfilgrastim (PEG) compared with filgrastim (FIL) after HDC. Eighty patients were assigned to FIL at a daily dose of 5 mug/kg or a single fixed dose of PEG (6 mg) 1 day after PBSC. The primary end point was the duration of neutropenia both in terms of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <0.5 x 10(9)/l and of days to reach an ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l. The mean duration of neutropenia was 6 and 6.2 days and the mean time to reach an ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l was 11.5 and 10.8 in the FIL and PEG group, respectively. No differences were observed in the mean time to reach an ANC >1.0 x 10(9)/l (12.2 versus 12.0 days) in the incidence of fever (62% versus 56%) and of documented infections (31% versus 25%). The mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 5.7 and 4.0 days in FIL and PEG group, respectively. PEG is not inferior to FIL in hematological reconstitution and represents an effective alternative after HDC and PBSC. Output:

conditions: Hematological Neoplasms|Tumors
interventions: Drug: Filgrastim|Drug: Pegfilgrastim
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Diurnal and nocturnal variations in aqueous humor dynamics of patients with ocular hypertension undergoing medical therapy.  To evaluate the interaction of intraocular pressure(IOP)–lowering medications with physiologic day and night changes in aqueous humor dynamics in participants with ocular hypertension. Thirty participants were enrolled in thisdouble-masked, randomized, crossover study. Each participant underwent aqueous humor dynamics measurements at baseline and at 2 weeks of dosing in random order with latanoprost in the evening and placebo in the morning, timolol maleate twice daily, and dorzolamide hydrochloride twice daily. Measurements included central corneal thickness by ultrasound pachymetry, anterior chamber depth by A-scan, seated and habitual IOP by pneumatonometry, blood pressure by sphygmomanometry,episcleral venous pressure by venomanometry,and aqueous flow by fluorophotometry. Outflow facility was assessed by fluorophotometry and by tonography. Uveoscleral outflow was mathematically calculated using the Goldmann equation. Latanoprost use significantly decreased IOP during the day and night. It increased daytime uveoscleral outflow by a mean (SD) of 0.90 (1.46) μL/min (P=.048), but a nighttime increase of 0.26 (1.10) μL/min (P=.47)did not reach statistical significance. Timolol use decreased IOP during the day by reducing aqueous flow by 25%. Dorzolamide use lowered IOP only at the noon measurement and reduced daytime aqueous flow by 16%. Neither dorzolamide nor timolol use added to the physiologic 47% reduction in nighttime aqueous flow. The daytime IOP-lowering effects of latanoprost are mediated by an increase in uveoscleral outflow,and those of timolol and dorzolamide are mediated by aqueous flow suppression. Nighttime physiologic changes in uveoscleral outflow limit the nighttime pharmacodynamic efficacy of latanoprost. Aqueous flow suppression with timolol and dorzolamide was ineffective in obtaining IOP lowering at night. Output:

conditions: Glaucoma
interventions: Drug: prostaglandin