owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Follicular and endocrine profiles associated with different GnRH-antagonist regimens: a randomized controlled trial.  This trial assessed the impact of early initiation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist on follicular and endocrine profiles compared with the fixed GnRH-antagonist protocol. Eighty-five oocyte donors were randomized to GnRH antagonist starting in the mid-luteal phase of the prestimulation cycle (degarelix-ML group), on stimulation day 1 (early follicular phase, degarelix-EF group) or day 6 (fixed protocol) (mid-follicular phase, ganirelix-MF group). Subjects in the degarelix-EF and ganirelix-MF groups received placebo in the prestimulation cycle. At start of stimulation, serum concentrations of FSH (4.6 ± 2.3 versus 6.0 ± 1.8IU/l), LH (2.7 ± 1.4 versus 4.7 ± 1.9IU/l) and oestradiol (87 ± 35 versus 129 ± 50pmol/l) were markedly lower (P<0.001) in the degarelix-ML group than in the placebo group. The coefficients of variation of follicle size (36.7 ± 5.5% versus 39.2 ± 9.4%) were not significantly different. No differences in endometrial histology, embryo quality and pregnancy rates in recipient cycles were observed between the regimens. In conclusion, early administration of GnRH antagonist altered the endocrine profile without modifying the follicular synchrony for the majority of subjects. Whether patients with a more heterogeneous follicle size at start of stimulation may benefit from an earlier intervention remains to be proven. Output:

conditions: Infertility, Female
interventions: Drug: Degarelix mid-luteal, 2.5 mg|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Measuring flushing symptoms with extended-release niacin using the flushing symptom questionnaire: results from a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.  Niacin is underutilised because of flushing. Lack of a quantitative tool to assess niacin-induced flushing has precluded the objective evaluation of flushing associated with extended-release (ER) niacin formulations. We developed the Flushing Symptom Questionnaire((c)) (FSQ), a quantitative tool to assess patient-reported flushing, and assessed its ability to characterise ER niacin-induced flushing. This study focused on the responses to one question in the FSQ, the Global Flushing Severity Score (GFSS), reported on a 0-10 scale (none = 0, mild = 1-3, moderate = 4-6, severe = 7-9 and extreme = 10) to assess flushing during ER niacin initiation (week 1) and maintenance (weeks 2-8). Flushing severity with ER niacin was greatest during week 1 and remained greater than placebo for the study duration. During weeks 2-8, 40% of patients on ER niacin vs. 8% of those on placebo had > 1 day/week with 'moderate or greater' GFSS. In conclusion, the GFSS component of the FSQ was a sensitive and responsive quantitative measure of ER niacin-induced flushing that will aid in the objective comparison of novel strategies intended to improve tolerability and adherence to niacin, an agent proven to reduce cardiovascular risk. Output:

conditions: Flushing
interventions: Drug: MK0524A, /Duration of Treatment : 8 Weeks|Drug: Comparator : placebo (unspecified) /Duration of Treatment : 8 Weeks
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Switching to tenofovir/emtricitabine from abacavir/lamivudine in HIV-infected adults with raised cholesterol: effect on lipid profiles.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on fasting lipid parameters of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus emtricitabine (FTC) from abacavir (ABC) plus lamivudine (3TC; both fixed-dose combinations), while maintaining ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r). This was an open-label randomized two-arm 12-week controlled study in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients with elevated cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/l). Patients stable on ABC/3TC plus LPV/r either continued treatment or switched to TDF/FTC plus LPV/r for 12 weeks. Standard efficacy and safety end points (including fasting lipids) were assessed. In total, 85 subjects were treated (n=42 ABC/FTC and n=43 TDF/3TC). A statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in the TDF/FTC group: from median (IQR) 6.22 mmol/l (5.91-6.77) at baseline to 5.75 mmol/l (5.04-6.18) at week 12 (median [IQR] change from baseline -0.73 mmol/l [-1.20- -0.18]; P<0.001). No notable change was observed for the ABC/3TC group. The difference between groups at week 12 was -0.82 mmol/l (P<0.001). For TDF/FTC (but not for ABC/3TC), statistically significant reductions (P<0.05) from baseline were observed in total, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and non-HDL cholesterol (at weeks 4 and 12). Statistically significant decreases were observed in median estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) from baseline to week 12 for patients who switched to TDF/FTC (-5.47 ml/min) versus the ABC/3TC group (-2.15 ml/min; P=0.016 between groups). Virological suppression was maintained in both groups. No new safety issues were identified. Switching to TDF/FTC from ABC/3TC was associated with rapid improvements in fasting lipid parameters and continued virological control in patients receiving LPV/r as the third component of antiretroviral therapy. The effect of these changes on clinical end points remains unclear and would need to be evaluated in a longer-term study. Output:

conditions: HIV-1
interventions: Drug: Truvada + Kaletra|Drug: Kivexa + Kaletra
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial.  To study the effects of a paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine on perceived pain during first-trimester surgical abortion. A double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of 50 women undergoing first-trimester surgical abortions (before 11 weeks of gestation) received either oral ibuprofen with a lidocaine-alone paracervical block or an oral placebo and paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine. Women completed a series of 100-mm visual analog scales (anchors: 0=none, 100 mm=worst imaginable) to measure their perceived pain (anticipated pain, pain during and after surgical abortion, and total satisfaction). Twenty-five women received preoperative oral ibuprofen followed by paracervical block with lidocaine alone, and 25 received oral placebo followed by paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine. Groups were similar with respect to sociodemographic variables. Women who received paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine reported significantly less pain after cervical dilation (59.8 compared with 74.8 mm, P<.05). The groups did not differ in perceived procedure-related or postoperative pain. There was no difference in overall satisfaction with pain control between the two groups (63.6 compared with 62.9 mm, P=.93). Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine significantly decreases perceived pain associated with cervical dilation during first-trimester surgical abortion. This analgesic mixture may be offered as an alternative pain regimen to women seeking first-trimester surgical abortion. It may also offer improved pain control in other gynecologic procedures necessitating cervical dilation. ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00617097. I. Output:

conditions: Pain|Abortion, Induced
interventions: Drug: lidocaine|Drug: ketorolac and lidocaine
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Folic acid supplementation prevents phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children.  Gingival overgrowth is an important adverse effect of phenytoin (PHT) therapy, occurring in about half of the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral folic acid supplementation (0.5 mg/day) for the prevention of PHT-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO) in children with epilepsy aged 6-15 years on PHT monotherapy for 6 months. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at a tertiary level hospital from May 2008 to June 2009. Children aged 6-15 years started on PHT monotherapy within last 1 month were eligible for inclusion. Preexisting gingival overgrowth, use of other folic acid antagonists, and macrocytic anemia were exclusion criteria. Trial subjects were randomized to receive either folic acid or placebo. The primary outcome measure was incidence of any degree of gingival overgrowth after 6 months of PHT monotherapy. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00781196). A total of 120 children were recruited, 62 and 58, respectively, in folic acid and placebo arms. The 2 arms were comparable at baseline. Twenty-one percent of patients in the folic acid arm developed PIGO, as compared with 88% receiving placebo (p < 0.001). Absolute risk reduction of PIGO by folic acid was 67% (95% confidence interval 54%-80%), and relative risk reduction was 0.76. Oral folic acid was found to decrease the incidence of PIGO in children on PHT monotherapy, in a statistically significant and clinically relevant manner. This study provides Class I evidence that folic acid supplementation, 0.5 mg/day, is associated with prevention of gingival overgrowth in children taking PHT monotherapy. Output:

conditions: Gingival Overgrowth
interventions: Drug: folic acid|Drug: placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Autologous stem cell therapy in the treatment of limb ischaemia induced chronic tissue ulcers of diabetic foot patients.  Despite improvements in surgical revascularisation, limitations like anatomical factors or atherosclerosis limit the success of revascularisation in diabetic patients with critical limb ischaemia. Stem cells were shown to improve microcirculation in published studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety, feasibility and efficacy of transplantation of bone marrow derived cellular products regarding improvement in microcirculation and lowering of amputation rate. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in comparison with expanded bone marrow cells enriched in CD90+ cells ('tissue repair cells', TRCs) were used in the treatment of diabetic ulcers to induce revascularisation. Diabetic foot patients with critical limb ischaemia without option for surgical or interventional revascularisation were eligible. Parameters examined were ABI, TcPO(2) , reactive hyperaemia and angiographic imaging before and after therapy. Of 30 patients included in this trial, 24 were randomised to receive either BMCs or TRCs. The high number of drop-outs in the control group (4 of 6) led to exclusion from evaluation. A total of 22 patients entered treatment; one patient in the TRC group and two in the BMC group did not show wound healing during follow up, one patient in each treatment group died before reaching the end of the study; one after having achieved wound healing (BMC group), the other one without having achieved wound healing (TRC group). Thus, 18 patients showed wound healing after 45 weeks. The total number of applicated cells was 3.8 times lower in the TRC group, but TRC patients received significantly higher amounts of CD90+ cells. Improvement in microvascularisation was detected in some, but not all patients by angiography, TcPO(2) improved significantly compared with baseline in both therapy groups. The transplantation of BMCs as well as TRCs proved to be safe and feasible. Improvements of microcirculation and complete wound healing were observed in the transplant groups. Output:

conditions: Diabetic Foot
interventions: Biological: tissue repair cells (TRC)|Biological: bone marrow stem cells (BMC)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy of amlodipine/olmesartan medoxomil ± HCTZ in obese patients uncontrolled on antihypertensive monotherapy.  BP-CRUSH (Blood Pressure Control in All Subgroups With Hypertension) was a phase IV, prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm, dose-titration study (N = 999). The present subgroup analysis reports the efficacy/safety of up to 20 weeks of treatment with amlodipine (AML)/olmesartan medoxomil (OM) ± hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in obese and non-obese patients with hypertension uncontrolled on antihypertensive monotherapy. Eligible obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2); n = 505) and non-obese (<30 kg/m(2); n = 494) patients were switched to AML/OM 5/20 mg and uptitrated at 4-week intervals to AML/OM 5/40 mg, AML/OM 10/40 mg, AML/OM 10/40 mg + HCTZ 12.5 mg, and AML/OM 10/40 mg + HCTZ 25 mg. Uptitration to higher doses of AML/OM was permitted if mean seated systolic BP (SeSBP) was ≥120 mmHg, or mean seated diastolic BP (SeDBP) was ≥70 mmHg. HCTZ was added if mean SeSBP was ≥125 mmHg, or mean SeDBP was ≥75 mmHg. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00791258 The primary efficacy endpoint was the cumulative proportion of patients achieving SeSBP <140 mmHg (<130 mmHg for patients with diabetes mellitus) at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included seated cuff BP (SeBP) goal rates, ambulatory BP target rates, and mean change from baseline in SeBP and ambulatory BP at weeks 12 and 20. At 12 weeks, 71.6% of obese patients (80.2% non-obese) achieved the primary endpoint of cumulative SeSBP <140 mmHg (<130 mmHg for patients with diabetes). The cumulative SeBP goal of <140/90 mmHg (<130/80 mmHg if diabetes) was achieved by 64.8% and 81.2% of obese patients by weeks 12 and 20, respectively (vs. 77.9% and 88.5% of non-obese patients, respectively). Treatment was well-tolerated, with 26.1% of obese patients (24.9% non-obese) experiencing drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). There were no serious drug-related TEAEs. An AML/OM ± HCTZ treatment regimen provided effective and safe BP control in obese patients with hypertension uncontrolled on monotherapy. Output:

conditions: Hypertension
interventions: Drug: amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil tablets|Drug: hydrochlorothiazide tablets
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Effect of fesoterodine 4 mg on bladder diary and patient-reported outcomes during the first week of treatment in subjects with overactive bladder.  To assess the onset of efficacy of fesoterodine 4 mg versus placebo in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Subjects who reported OAB symptoms for ≥ 3 months and recorded ≥ 8 micturitions and ≥ 1 urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episode per 24 hours in 3-day baseline diaries were randomized to fesoterodine 4 mg, tolterodine extended release (ER) 4 mg, or placebo. This is an analysis of first week data from a 12-week, double-blind trial. ClinicalTrials.gov unique ID: NCT00444925. Baseline to week 1 changes in 3-day bladder diary variables, Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), and Urgency Perception Scale (UPS) scores reported by subjects receiving fesoterodine 4 mg or placebo. By week 1, fesoterodine 4 mg (n = 679) was associated with significantly greater improvements compared with placebo (n = 334) in micturitions, urgency, severe urgency and UUI episodes, frequency-urgency sum, and MVV per 24 hours and 3-day diary-dry rate (all p < 0.05), but not nocturnal micturitions per 24 hours (p = 0.273). These differences were significant as early as day 5 of treatment (i.e., day 1 of the 3-day diary) for all diary endpoints except nocturnal micturitions and MVV. Changes in PPBC scores were significantly more favorable with fesoterodine 4 mg versus placebo (p = 0.0143); changes in UPS scores were not significantly different (p = 0.077). The results provide evidence that patients receiving fesoterodine 4 mg for their OAB symptoms may expect to experience a response as early as 1 week after initiating treatment. One limitation is that, although 65% of subjects had received treatment with antimuscarinics before the study, whether subjects were dissatisfied with previous treatment and reasons for dissatisfaction were not collected. This might affect the magnitude of outcome improvements. Also, it is not known whether the UPS is sensitive enough to detect treatment differences as early as week 1. Output:

conditions: Overactive Bladder
interventions: Drug: fesoterodine fumarate|Drug: placebo|Drug: tolterodine tartrate