owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine in flavivirus-naive infants.  A Phase I/II observer-blind, randomized, controlled trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a dengue virus (DENV) vaccine candidate in healthy Thai infants (aged 12-15 months) without measurable pre-vaccination neutralizing antibodies to DENV and Japanese encephalitis virus. Fifty-one subjects received two doses of either DENV (N = 34; four received 1/10th dose) or control vaccine (N = 17; dose 1, live varicella; dose 2, Haemophilus influenzae type b). After each vaccine dose, adverse events (AEs) were solicited for 21 days, and non-serious AEs were solicited for 30 days; serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study. Laboratory safety assessments were performed at 10 and 30 days; neutralizing antibodies were measured at 30 days. The DENV vaccine was well-tolerated without any related SAEs. After the second dose, 85.7% of full-dose DENV vaccinees developed at least trivalent and 53.6% developed tetravalent neutralizing antibodies ≥ 1:10 to DENV (control group = 0%). This vaccine candidate, therefore, warrants continued development in this age group (NCT00322049; clinicaltrials.gov). Output:

conditions: Dengue
interventions: Biological: Tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine|Biological: Varicella vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate vaccine
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, investigator-blinded study of four treatment regimens of posaconazole in adults with toenail onychomycosis.  Onychomycosis accounts for up to 50% of all onychopathies. To evaluate the efficacy of four posaconazole regimens compared with placebo in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis, to assess the safety and tolerability of posaconazole, and to estimate the relative efficacy of posaconazole against terbinafine. A phase 2B, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, investigator-blinded (double blind for placebo) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00491764). Onychomycosis patients aged 18-75years (n=218) were randomized equally to one of six treatment regimens: posaconazole (oral suspension) 100, 200 or 400mg once daily (24weeks); posaconazole 400 mg once daily (12weeks); terbinafine (tablets) 250mg once daily (12weeks); or placebo (24weeks). The primary efficacy variable was complete cure (negative mycology and 0% nail involvement) at week 48. All posaconazole treatment arms had a significantly (P≤0·012) greater proportion of patients with complete cure at week 48 compared with placebo. The proportions of patients with complete cure were numerically higher for posaconazole 200mg/24weeks (54·1%) and 400mg/24weeks (45·5%), but lower for 400mg/12weeks (20%) compared with terbinafine (37%; differences were not statistically significant). Posaconazole was well tolerated. Seven patients receiving posaconazole withdrew because of asymptomatic liver enzyme increases, as mandated by protocol discontinuation criteria. The efficacy and favourable safety profile of posaconazole suggest a potential new treatment for onychomycosis. The availability of low-cost generic terbinafine may limit posaconazole use to second-line treatment of infections refractory to, or patients intolerant of, terbinafine, or nondermatophyte mould infections. Output:

conditions: Onychomycosis
interventions: Drug: SCH 56592|Drug: SCH 56592|Drug: SCH 56592|Drug: SCH 56592|Drug: Terbinafine|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Topical treatment of hypertensive leg ulcers with platelet-derived growth factor-BB: a randomized controlled trial.  To determine the healing effect of topical becaplermin gel vs hydrogel dressing on hypertensive leg ulcers. Randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment, controlled study. Ambulatory or hospitalized patients from 17 dermatology departments. Among 64 consecutive randomized patients with 1 or more hypertensive leg ulcers who fulfilled all inclusion criteria, 59 received the allocated intervention, and findings were analyzed. Becaplermin gel (human recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB, 0.1%, in hydrogel) or hydrogel dressing was applied, both in doses of 1 cm/cm(2), once daily for 8 weeks. Follow-up continued for 4 weeks beyond the final gel application. The primary end point was complete wound closure rate after 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary end points were percentages of patients with complete wound closure at week 12; changed ulcer area after treatment vs baseline; and changed ulcer-related pain and health-related quality of life during the study. Complete wound closure rates were comparable after 8 weeks for becaplermin (5 of 28 patients) and hydrogel (3 of 31 patients) (8 percentage-point difference; 95% confidence interval, -10% to 26%). No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups for percentages of complete closure at week 12, changed ulcer area at week 8, or changed ulcer-related pain and quality of life during the study (P > .05 for all comparisons). Topical becaplermin gel is not superior to hydrogel dressing for hypertensive leg ulcer wound closure. Surgical management by grafting remains the most promising treatment strategy but requires further evaluation. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00970697. Output:

conditions: MARTORELL'S ULCER|Hypertensive Leg Ulcer|Necrotic Angiodermatitis
interventions: Drug: becaplermin gel|Drug: Duoderm Hydrogelâ„¢
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Economic evaluation of home blood pressure telemonitoring: a randomized controlled trial.  The purpose of the present study was to compare the costs of home blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring (HBPM) with the costs of conventional office BP monitoring. In a randomized controlled trial, 105 hypertensive patients performed HBPM and 118 patients received usual care with conventional office BP monitoring during 6 months. Costs were quantified from the healthcare perspective. Non-parametric simulations were performed to quantify the uncertainty around the mean estimates and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were made. Systolic and diastolic daytime and night-time ambulatory BP (ABP) were reduced in both groups. The uncertainty around the incremental cost effectiveness ratio point estimates was considerable for both systolic and diastolic ABP. For systolic ABP, the difference in cost effectiveness ratio between the two groups was 256 Danish kroner (DKK)/mmHg [95% uncertainty interval, UI -860 to 4544]. For diastolic ABP, the difference in cost effectiveness ratio between the two groups was 655 DKK/mmHg [95% UI -674 to 69315]. Medication and consultation costs were lowest in the intervention group, but were offset by the cost of the telemonitoring equipment. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that telemonitoring of home BP was more costly compared with usual monitoring of office BP. The cost-effectiveness result is surrounded with considerable uncertainty. Output:

conditions: Hypertension
interventions: Device: Telemedical blood pressure monitoring
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol vs. placebo added on to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.  Adenosine agonists produce behavioral effects similar to dopamine antagonists, hence increasing adenosine levels might improve symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by three single-site studies indicating that allopurinol, which increases adenosine levels, improved symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. We performed a multi-center, 8-week RCT of allopurinol vs. placebo added to anti-psychotic medications in 248 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Both groups showed improvement in the PANSS (effect size 1.13) and in clinical and cognitive measures. No difference was observed between groups in primary (t=0.01, p=0.992) or secondary outcome measures. These findings do not support allopurinol as a treatment for schizophrenia. Output:

conditions: Schizophrenia|Schizoaffective Disorder
interventions: Drug: Allopurinol
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Ovarian suppression in normal-weight and obese women during oral contraceptive use: a randomized controlled trial.  To assess ovarian suppression during oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use among normal-weight and obese women using two OCP doses. This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of two 21-day monophasic OCP formulations (20-microgram ethinyl estradiol [E2],/100-microgram levonorgestrel compared with 30-microgram ethinyl E2/150-microgram levonorgestrel) among normal-weight (body mass index 19.0-24.9) and obese (body mass index 30.0-39.9) women with regular menses and normal ovarian ultrasonography. Participants underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and phlebotomy twice weekly for 4 weeks during the third or fourth OCP cycle. We assessed OCP compliance using serum levonorgestrel levels. Outcomes included follicular development, endogenous E2 levels, ovulation, and self-reported bleeding patterns. Two hundred twenty-six women enrolled. One hundred eighty-one participants completed the study; we retained 150 consistent OCP users in the main analysis (96 normal weight, 54 obese). Consistent users of either OCP dose had substantial suppression of follicular development; obesity and follicular development were not related. Among the consistent OCP users, 2.7% ovulated during the study cycle (3 of 96 normal-weight and 1 of 54 obese participants). Two ovulations occurred with each OCP formulation. Inconsistent OCP use or nonuse during the study cycle was associated with more ovulation (P<.001). Normal-weight and obese participants had similar follicular development, endogenous estradiol levels, Hoogland scores, and bleeding patterns. Normal-weight and obese participants who were consistent OCP users experienced substantial and comparable ovarian suppression during OCP use. Higher OCP failure rates among obese women reported elsewhere are thus unlikely to be attributable to physiological differences in OCP effect. ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00827632. : I. Output:

conditions: Ovarian Suppression
interventions: Drug: Low dose formulation|Drug: High dose formulation
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:One-year efficacy and safety study of a 1.62% testosterone gel in hypogonadal men: results of a 182-day open-label extension of a 6-month double-blind study.  A new formulation of testosterone gel (1.62% testosterone gel) with increased viscosity and reduced volume of application has been shown to be safe and efficacious after 182 days of use in a phase 3, double-blind study in adult hypogonadal males. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 1.62% testosterone gel after daily application to the skin in a 182-day (6-month) open-label extension of the initial 182-day double-blind study. One hundred and sixty-three subjects, aged 26 to 77 years, continued on active (Continuing Active subjects) 1.62% testosterone gel for the remainder of the study (364 days total). In 28 subjects who had previously received placebo (Formerly Placebo subjects), the dose was titrated to normal levels of serum total testosterone (300-1,000 ng/dL). Dose adjustments for both groups were allowed at specific visits to maintain serum testosterone within a normal range. The main outcome measure was the percentage of subjects with serum total testosterone average concentrations (C(av) ) within the normal range at day 364. On day 364, 77.9% (95% confidence interval: 70.0, 84.6) of the Continuing Active subjects and 87.0% (66.4, 97.2) of the Formerly Placebo subjects had C(av) values within the eugonadal range. The 1.62% testosterone gel was safe and well tolerated in this study. Treatment with 1.62% testosterone gel for up to 1 year (182 days for the Formerly Placebo subjects, 364 days for the Continuing Active subjects) was safe and efficacious, resulting in >77% of treated subjects achieving normal serum testosterone levels at final visit. Output:

conditions: Hypogonadism
interventions: Drug: Testosterone (T) Gel 1.62%|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Reexamination of pharmacokinetics of oral testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men with a new self-emulsifying formulation.  Many hypogonadal men prefer oral testosterone (T) treatment. Oral T undecanoate (TU) is available in many countries, but not in the United States. We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics of oral TU in a new self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulation. Pharmacokinetics studies were conducted in 3 parts: 12 hypogonadal men were enrolled in 2 centers for a 1-day dosing study; 29 participants were enrolled from 3 centers for a 7-day dosing study; and 15 participants were enrolled from 1 center for a 28-day dosing study. Serial blood samples for serum sex hormone measurements by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were drawn for up to 36 hours after oral TU administration. Mean serum T levels (C(avg)) after oral dosing of T 200 mg as TU twice daily with food were within the adult male range in most participants in the 1-, 7-, and 28-day dosing studies but were much lower in the fasting state. The dose-proportional increase in C(avg) of serum T after oral T 300 mg twice daily resulted in more participants with supraphysiologic serum T levels. In the 28-day study, trough serum T reached a steady state at day 7. Serum dihydrotestosterone and estradiol levels tracked serum T concentration. Dihydrotestosterone-testosterone ratios increased 3-fold after oral TU administration. Oral T 200 mg twice daily as TU in a new SEDDS formulation may be a viable therapy for hypogonadal men. Output:

conditions: Hypogonadism
interventions: Drug: Testosterone undecanoate (TU)|Drug: TU + testosterone enanthate (TE)|Drug: Testosterone undecanoate (TU)|Drug: TU + testosterone enanthate (TE)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Plasma glutathione of HIV⁺ patients responded positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine or glutamine.  Patients with positivity for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV⁺) present low concentrations of antioxidant nutrients, including total glutathione (GSH) and its precursors. We investigated the responses of the sulfur-containing amino acid pathway to cysteine and glutamine (Gln) dietary supplements in patients with HIV⁺ compared with healthy controls. Twelve treated patients (six men and six women, 22-45 y old) and 20 healthy controls (10 men and 10 women, 20-59 y old) were randomly assigned to 7-d dietary supplements containing N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 1 g/d) or Gln (20 g/d), with a 7-d washout period ingesting their usual diet. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast. High-performance liquid chromatographic plasma analysis of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, homocysteine, cysteine, and taurine), GSH, oxidized GSH, and serine, glycine, glutamic acid, and Gln was carried out moments before and after 7-d supplementations. Statistical comparisons were undertaken between groups and between dietary supplements (P < 0.05). Patients with HIV⁺ showed higher oxidized GSH and lower concentrations of GSH and all amino acids except homocysteine. The HIV⁺ group responded to the NAC by increased levels of sulfur-containing amino acids and GSH and equalized taurine and GSH levels in the control group. The Gln supplements also equalized the levels of GSH, Gln, and glycine in the control group. An increase in GSH may be attained by NAC or Gln supplementation, with NAC acting by increasing cysteine levels and Gln likely acting by replenishing the glycine pool (trial registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00910442). Output:

conditions: HIV Infection
interventions: Dietary Supplement: Glutathione precursors