owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Effects of a novel aldosterone synthase inhibitor for treatment of primary hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase 2 trial.  LCI699, a novel inhibitor of aldosterone synthase, reduces serum aldosterone, and may have benefit in the treatment of hypertension. We performed the first double-blind, randomized trial with LCI699 in patients with primary hypertension. We randomized 524 patients to LCI699 0.25 mg once daily (n=92), 0.5 mg once daily (n=88), 1.0 mg once daily (n=86), and 0.5 mg twice daily (n=97); eplerenone 50 mg twice daily (n=84); or placebo (n=77) for 8 weeks. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (250 μg IV) stimulation testing was performed in a subset of patients to quantify the selectivity of LCI699 for aldosterone synthase compared with 11-β-hydroxylase. Reductions in clinic diastolic blood pressure were significant for LCI699 1.0 mg (-7.1 mm Hg; P=0.0012) and eplerenone 50 mg twice daily (-7.9 mm Hg; P<0.0001) compared with placebo (-2.6 mm Hg) but not other doses of LCI699. Significant reductions in clinic systolic blood pressure were observed with all doses of LCI699 (P<0.005 or better) and eplerenone (P<0.0001). All doses of LCI699 significantly reduced 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure compared with placebo (P<0.01). Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation of cortisol was suppressed in ≈20% of subjects receiving LCI699 at a total daily dose of 1.0 mg. Safety and tolerability were similar among LCI699, placebo, and eplerenone. Aldosterone synthase inhibition with LCI699 significantly lowered clinic and ambulatory blood pressure. A minority of subjects developed blunted adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated release of cortisol. These results support additional research to evaluate use of aldosterone synthase inhibition in primary hypertension and/or patients characterized by aldosterone excess. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00758524. Output:

conditions: Essential Hypertension
interventions: Drug: LCI699|Drug: Eplerenone|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors reduce the progression of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis: 10 year follow-up.  Proteinuria is a common presentation of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). No studies are available on the long-term effect of treatment by renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors on renal outcome in MsPGN patients. This study prospectively evaluates the effects of RAS inhibitors on renal outcome in patients with low risk MsPGN followed up for 10 years using historical patients with similar features at the time of presentation as untreated controls. decrease of basal proteinuria>20% and loss>20% of basal glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) at the end of first year of observation. The patients were re-evaluated bimonthly during the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Twenty-five patients fulfilled the selection criteria. After one year follow-up 19 patients reached the endpoint of proteinuria and no patient reached the endpoint of GFR. No significant change in blood pressure levels (BP) and GFR was registered, by contrast daily proteinuria decreased significantly (p<0.001), falling by 29% at sixth month and 47% at the end of the follow-up. The historical control group consisted of 15 untreated patients seen between 1987 and 1992. The two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures showed greater values of GFR (p<0.001) and lower levels of daily proteinuria (p<0.001) in treated patients as compared to untreated controls. This 10-year follow-up study indicates that the early treatment with RAS inhibitors at low doses favourably influences the long-term renal outcome in proteinuric patients with MsPGN. Limitations were the small sample size and lack of randomization. Output:

conditions: IGA Glomerulonephritis
interventions: Drug: Ramipril or losartan
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy of combined local mechanical vibrations, continuous passive motion and thermotherapy in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.  We evaluated the efficacy of combined mechanical vibrations, continuous passive motion (CPM) and heat on the severity of pain in management of osteoarthritis of the knee (OA-K). In this controlled, double crossover study, 71 OA-K patients were randomized in Phase 1 to receive 4 weeks active treatment consisting of two 20-min sessions per day (34 patients, Group AB) or treatment with a sham device (37 patients, Group BA). This was followed by a 2-week washout period (Phase 2). In Phase 3, patients crossed over so that Group AB was treated with the sham device and Group BA received active treatment for an additional 4 weeks. Patient assessments of pain (visual analog scale, VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index were performed at baseline and at study weeks 2, 4, 6, and 10. Net treatment effects were estimated by comparing outcomes between active and sham treatment study phases. Treatment benefits were noted for both of the trial's two pre-specified primary endpoints, VAS and WOMAC. VAS was reduced at all follow-up time points for patients receiving active treatment compared to sham treatment with a net treatment effect of 14.4+/-4.1 mm (P=0.001). Similarly, the WOMAC score was reduced significantly with active treatment at all measured points with a net effect of 8.8+/-1.9 points (P<0.001). The secondary endpoints, range of motion (ROM) and treatment satisfaction, also improved with active vs sham treatment. Four weeks treatment with combined CPM, vibration and local heating significantly decreases pain, improves ROM and the quality of life in patients with OA-K (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00858416). Output:

conditions: Osteoarthritis|Knee Pain
interventions: Device: "Kineticure System" followed by sham|Device: sham followed by "Kineticure System"
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Conversion to tacrolimus once-daily from ciclosporin in stable kidney transplant recipients: a multicenter study.  This 24-week, open, single-arm, prospective, multicenter study evaluated the effects of conversion from ciclosporin to Tacrolimus QD in adult kidney transplant patients. Stable patients receiving ciclosporin were converted to Tacrolimus QD at 0.1mg/kg/day. Relative change in renal function (primary endpoint) was assessed using estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) with a noninferiority margin set at -10%. A total of 346 patients were enrolled; and 301 patients were treated per protocol (PPS) in the hyperlipidemia (n=42), hypertrichosis (n=106), hypertension (n=77) and gingival hyperplasia (n=76) groups. Relative change in eCrCl was -0.6% in all PPS patients (95% CI, -2.2; 0.9) and -5.3% in the hyperlipidemia (CI, -9.59; -0.97), 0.9% in the hypertrichosis (CI, -2.59; 4.45), -0.1% in the hypertension (CI, -3.8; 3.68), and -1% in the gingival hyperplasia groups (CI, -4.63; 2.65) (PPS), meeting noninferiority criteria. There was no acute rejection. Decreases in serum lipids and blood pressure were moderate but without meaningful change in the number of treatment medications. Substantial decreases in severity of ciclosporin-related cosmetic side effects were evident from investigator and patient self-report of symptoms. Renal function remained stable after conversion to Tacrolimus QD. The effect of conversion on cardiovascular parameters was not clinically meaningful, however, marked improvement in ciclosporin-related cosmetic side effects was observed. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00481481). Output:

conditions: Transplantation
interventions: Drug: tacrolimus
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Percutaneous coronary intervention with oral sirolimus and bare metal stents has comparable safety and efficacy to treatment with drug eluting stents, but with significant cost saving: long-term follow-up results from the randomised, controlled ORAR III (Oral Rapamycin in ARgentina) study.  Previous randomised studies have shown a significant reduction in restenosis when oral rapamycin (OR) is administered to patients undergoing bare metal stent (BMS) implantation. How this regimen compares to drug eluting stents (DES) is unknown. Two-hundred patients with de novo coronary lesions were randomised to treatment with OR plus BMS (100 pts) or with DES (100 pts). OR was given as a bolus of 10 mg per day before PCI followed by daily doses of 3 mg during following 13 days. Primary endpoints were to compare hospital, follow-up and overall cost at one, two, three and five years of follow-up. The secondary endpoints included death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and were analysed as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE). Target vessel (TVR) and target lesion revascularisation (TLR) were independently analysed. Costs included procedural resources, hospitalisation, medications, repeat revascularisation procedures and professional fees. Baseline demographic, clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar. At 18.3 +/- 7 months of follow-up, the initial strategy of OR plus BMS resulted in significant cost saving when compared to DES (p=0.0001). TLR rate was 8.2% with DES and 7.0% with OR plus BMS (p=0.84), similarly no differences in TVR rate in both groups was seen (10.6% and 10.5% in OR and DES group respectively, p=0.86). Non-inferiority testing, determined that DES therapy failed to be cost saving compared to OR in all possible cost scenarios. A strategy of OR plus BMS is cost saving compared to DES in patients undergoing PCI for de novo coronary lesions. Output:

conditions: Coronary Heart Disease|Coronary Restenosis
interventions: Drug: Oral sirolimus|Device: Drug Eluting stent
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Randomised clinical trial: a novel rabeprazole extended release 50 mg formulation vs. esomeprazole 40 mg in healing of moderate-to-severe erosive oesophagitis - the results of two double-blind studies.  Current PPIs may not achieve desired outcomes in some GERD patients due to limited duration of acid inhibition. To evaluate a novel rabeprazole extended release (ER), which provides longer duration of drug exposure and acid suppression, in healing and symptomatic resolution of moderate-severe erosive oesophagitis. Patients with LA grade C or D oesophagitis were randomised to rabeprazole-ER 50 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg once daily in two identical 8-week double-blind trials (N = 2130). Two primary endpoints were tested sequentially: (1) healing by 8 weeks [hypothesis: rabeprazole-ER non-inferior to esomeprazole (non-inferiority margin = 8%)], (2) healing by 4 weeks [hypothesis: rabeprazole-ER superior to esomeprazole (P < 0.05)]. The secondary endpoint was sustained heartburn resolution at 4 weeks. Rabeprazole-ER was non-inferior to esomeprazole in week-8 healing (80.0% vs. 75.0%; 77.5% vs. 78.4%). Week-4 healing (54.8% vs. 50.3%; 50.9% vs. 50.7%) and sustained heartburn resolution (48.3% vs. 48.2%; 53.2% vs. 52.5%) were not significantly different. Post hoc combined results for grade D revealed rabeprazole-ER vs. esomeprazole differences in week-8 healing = 10.4% (95% CI: -1.4%, 22.2%) and week-4 healing = 12.0% (P = 0.048). Rabeprazole-ER is as effective as esomeprazole in healing moderate-severe oesophagitis and achieves similar rates of heartburn resolution. Subgroup analysis suggests the possibility of benefit in severe oesophagitis, but this requires further evaluation (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00658528 and NCT00658775). Output:

conditions: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
interventions: Drug: Rabeprazole sodium|Drug: Esomeprazole
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:0 Output:

conditions: Hodgkin's Lymphoma
interventions: Drug: Obatoclax mesylate (GX15-070MS)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide single-pill combination tablets and free combination of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide.  Single-pill combinations (SPCs) of complementary antihypertensive agents provide patients with a simple and effective treatment regimen. To ensure that the efficacy and safety of an SPC is the same as that for the individual drugs administered together (free combination), SPC and free-combination formulations must be shown to be bioequivalent. Three open-label, randomized studies compared the pharmacokinetics of SPC tablets of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), at doses of 150/25, 300/12.5, and 300/25 mg, with the corresponding free combinations in healthy volunteers. Data from 2 randomized, double-blinded studies of patients with hypertension were used to assess inhibition of plasma renin activity (PRA) by the aliskiren/HCT 300/25 mg SPC and the free combination. At all dose combinations, aliskiren and HCT systemic drug exposure was similar when administered as an SPC or free combination, indicating bioequivalence. Aliskiren/HCT 300/25 mg SPC inhibited PRA to the same extent as the free combination. HCT alone increased PRA through activation of the renin-angiotensin system; aliskiren prevented this diuretic-induced increase to the same extent when administered as the free combination or as the SPC. In conclusion, aliskiren/HCT SPCs are pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically bioequivalent to aliskiren and HCT in free combination. Output:

conditions: Hypertension
interventions: Drug: Aliskiren|Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A phase II study of aflibercept in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and symptomatic malignant ascites.  The recombinant fusion protein, aflibercept binds and neutralizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, B and placental growth factor (PlGF). Aflibercept inhibits ascites formation and reduces tumor burden in an ovarian cancer model. This open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase II study assessed the efficacy and safety of aflibercept in patients with advanced chemo-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer and symptomatic malignant ascites. Patients who required ≥3 previous paracenteses at 1-4 paracenteses per month received intravenous aflibercept 4mg/kg every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was repeat paracentesis response rate (RPRR), with response defined as at least a two-fold increase in time to repeat paracentesis compared with the baseline interval. Ten out of 16 enrolled patients achieved a response; the RPRR was 62.5% (95% CI 35.4%-84.8%). Aflibercept was considered effective based on a hypothesis that the RPRR was ≥60%. Median time to repeat paracentesis was 76.0 (95% CI 64.0-178.0) days, which was 4.5 times longer than the baseline interval (16.8 days). Median progression-free survival was 59.5 (95% CI 41.0-83.0) days. Twelve patients experienced adverse events considered related to aflibercept treatment including hypertension (7 patients), headache, anorexia, and dysphonia (3 patients each). Two patients experienced Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events (Grade 3 hypertension and weight loss in one patient, Grade 3 intestinal perforation in one patient). Aflibercept 4mg/kg every 2 weeks was effective at controlling malignant ascites, reducing the interval between repeat paracenteses. The safety profile was consistent with that reported for anti-VEGF agents. Output:

conditions: Ovarian Neoplasms
interventions: Drug: AVE0005 (VEGF Trap)