owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Evaluation of painful sensory symptoms in restless legs syndrome: experience from two clinical trials.  Although "uncomfortable and unpleasant" limb sensations are a core symptom of restless legs syndrome (RLS), change in sensory symptomatology is usually not evaluated as a treatment outcome. In two double-blind trials, patients with idiopathic RLS (n=357 in trial 615 and 398 in trial 604) were randomized to placebo or pramipexole (optimized at 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 mg/day). For entry, trial 604 also required at least moderate mood disturbance. In both trials, 12-week change in RLS-related limb pain was assessed using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). At baseline, approximately 75% of patients had limb-pain scores >30. Treatment with pramipexole yielded significant score reduction as early as day 5. At week 12, median score reduction for pramipexole relative to placebo was -33.5 vs. -11.0 (p<0.0001) in trial 615 and -31.0 vs. -11.0 (p<0.0001) in trial 604. Painful sensations may be more frequent in RLS than has previously been appreciated, and their amelioration may be a facet of pramipexole's benefit even in patients with concurrent mood disturbance. Limb pain assessment, e.g., by a VAS, is a useful measure of change in RLS symptom severity. Output:

conditions: Restless Legs Syndrome
interventions: Drug: Pramipexole
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and immunogenicity of a modified process hepatitis B vaccine in healthy infants.  A modified process hepatitis B vaccine (mpHBV) uses higher phosphate content in the manufacturing process relative to the current product, Recombivax-HB. The higher phosphate is thought to improve antigen presentation, and thereby, increase antibody production. The mpHBV was previously shown to be well tolerated and immunogenic in adults. The current study tested a 2-, 4-, 6-month vaccination schedule and a higher dose formulation (10 μg mpHBV) in healthy infants. In a randomized, double-blind study, healthy infants (N = 1718), approximately 2 months of age, received a 0.5-mL intramuscular dose of 5-μg mpHBV, Recombivax-HB (5 μg), 10-μg mpHBV, or Engerix-B (10 μg) at day 1, month 2, and month 4 (2, 4, 6 months of age). Serum antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was analyzed at month 7. The geometric mean titer (GMT) and seroprotection rate (SPR; % subjects with anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 mIU/mL) were determined 1 month after the third dose. Month 7 SPRs were 99.3% (402/405, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.3, 100) in the 5 μg mpHBV group, 100.0% (398/398, 95% CI: 99.9, 100) in the 10 μg mpHBV group, 98.5% (400/406, 95% CI: 97.2, 99.8) in the Recombivax-HB group, and 99.5% (398/400, 95% CI: 98.7, 100) in the Engerix-B group. Month 7 GMTs (mIU/mL) were 748.2 (95% CI: 672.0, 833.1) in the 5 μg mpHBV group, 981.5 (95% CI: 891.0, 1081.2) in the 10 μg mpHBV group, 376.8 (95% CI: 331.4, 428.5) in the Recombivax-HB group, and 556.6 (95% CI: 491.8, 629.9) in the Engerix-B group. The percentages of subjects reporting injection-site or systemic adverse events were similar across the vaccination groups. All 4 hepatitis B vaccines elicited high anti-HBs SPRs. After dose 3, anti-HBs GMT were highest in the 10 μg mpHBV group, but did not meet the predefined criteria for superiority. All vaccines were well tolerated. Output:

conditions: Hepatitis B
interventions: Biological: Modified Process Hepatitis B Vaccine (Experimental)|Biological: Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)|Biological: Comparator: ENGERIX-B
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:The efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with plaque psoriasis who had an inadequate response to etanercept: results of a prospective, multicenter, open-label study.  In patients with psoriasis and inadequate response (IR) to tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist treatment, the incremental benefit of switching to another tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist is unknown. We sought to evaluate the clinical response to an etanercept-to-infliximab switch in patients with psoriasis and IR to etanercept. Adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and IR to etanercept (≥ 4 months) were eligible for this open-label study (called PSUNRISE). Patients had a Physician Global Assessment (PGA) score of at least 2 (mild) on a 5-point scale with etanercept, with or without concomitant oral systemic methotrexate or cyclosporine at baseline and during the study. Patients received intravenous infusions of infliximab 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14, and 22. PGA was used to evaluate efficacy at week 10 (primary end point) and week 26 (durability). Safety was evaluated through the end of the study. Of 215 patients, only 10 received concomitant immunomodulators. At week 10, 65.4% of patients (138 of 211; 95% confidence interval 58.6%-71.8%) achieved a PGA score of clear (0) or minimal (1) (primary end point). This response was durable through week 26, at which time 61.3% (122 of 199; 95% confidence interval 54.2%-68.1%) achieved a PGA score of clear (0) or minimal (1). There were no unexpected side effects or safety concerns. This was an open-label, 26-week study; an incremental change of 1 PGA point, even mild to minimal, was considered clinically significant, as most psoriasis practitioners seek to achieve minimal psoriasis or clear skin. After switching to infliximab, a substantial proportion of patients with psoriasis and IR to etanercept experienced rapid and durable improvement. Output:

conditions: Psoriasis
interventions: Biological: infliximab
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Phase II study of tight glycaemic control in COPD patients with exacerbations admitted to the acute medical unit.  Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glycaemic control could improve outcomes by reducing infection, inflammation and myopathy. Most patients with COPD are managed on the acute medical unit (AMU) outside intensive care (ICU). To determine the feasibility, safety and efficacy of tight glycaemic control in patients on an AMU. Prospective, non-randomised, phase II, single-arm study of tight glycaemic control in COPD patients with acute exacerbations and hyperglycaemia admitted to the AMU. Participants received intravenous, then subcutaneous, insulin to control blood glucose to 4.4-6.5 mmol/l. Tight glycaemic control was evaluated: feasibility, protocol adherence; acceptability, patient questionnaire; safety, frequency of hypoglycaemia (capillary blood glucose (CBG) <2.2 mmol/l and 2.2-3.3 mmol/l); efficacy, median CBG, fasting CBG, proportion of measurements/time in target range, glycaemic variability. were compared with 25 published ICU studies. Results 20 patients (10 females, age 71 ± 9 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 41 ± 16% predicted) were recruited. Tight glycaemic control was feasible (78% CBG measurements and 89% of insulin-dose adjustments were adherent to protocol) and acceptable to patients. 0.2% CBG measurements were <2.2 mmol/l and 4.1% measurements 2.2-3.3 mmol/l. The study CBG and proportion of measurements/time in target range were similar to that of ICU studies, whereas the fasting CBG was lower, and the glycaemic variability was greater. Tight glycaemic control is feasible and has similar safety and efficacy on AMU to ICU. However, as more recent ICU studies have shown no benefit and possible harm from tight glycaemic control, alternative strategies for blood glucose control in COPD exacerbations should now be explored. Trial registration number ISRCTN: 42412334. http://Clinical.Trials.gov NCT00764556. Output:

conditions: COPD|Hyperglycemia
interventions: Drug: Insulin
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Prevention of postoperative hypocalcemia with routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy plus central neck dissection.  Routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation may prevent hypocalcemic crisis, but its efficacy has not been studied in patients undergoing thyroidectomy plus central neck dissection (CND). The authors therefore prospectively evaluated the clinical usefulness of routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation for prevention of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and CND. Of 197 patients with differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma, 49 underwent total thyroidectomy alone, and 148 underwent total thyroidectomy plus CND. The latter were randomized to oral calcium (3 g/day) plus vitamin D (1 mg/day) (Group A, n=49), calcium alone (Group B, n=49), or no supplements (Group C, n=50). Hypocalcemic symptoms, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were compared among the groups. Group C had significantly higher incidences of symptomatic (26.0% vs 6.1%; P<.015) and laboratory (44.0% vs 14.3%; P<.015) hypocalcemia than the group without CND. The incidences of symptomatic and laboratory hypocalcemia were significantly decreased in Groups A (2.0% and 8.2%, respectively) and B (12.2% and 24.5%, respectively) (P<.05). Serum calcium levels decreased in most patients after surgery, but recovered earliest in Group A. Hypercalcemia and PTH inhibition did not occur in gs A and B. Compared with total thyroidectomy alone, CND significantly increases the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia, which can be prevented by routine postoperative supplementation with oral calcium and vitamin D. Output:

conditions: Hypocalcemia
interventions: Dietary Supplement: Oral calcium plus vitamin D|Dietary Supplement: Oral calcium alone
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Antibody response to insulin in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.  To compare levels of insulin antibodies in children and adolescents after initiation of insulin therapy using either insulin aspart (IAsp) or human insulin (HI) in combination with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, and to investigate the relationships between insulin antibodies and HbA(1c) and insulin dose. IAsp-specific antibodies (IAsp-Ab) and antibodies cross-reacting with HI and IAsp (HI-cross-Ab) were analysed by radioimmunoassay at diagnosis of diabetes and every 3-6 months for 30 months. Seventy-two patients (HI = 30, IAsp = 42) with Type 1 diabetes, aged 2-17 years were included. Data on HbA(1c), insulin dose and serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected retrospectively. IAsp-Ab levels remained low throughout the study. After 9 months, the level of HI-cross-Ab increased [mean (SD) HI, 48.8% (21.53); IAsp, 40.2% (17.92)] and remained elevated. Repeated measurement analysis of HI-cross-Ab levels showed no significant difference between treatments (P = 0.16). HI-cross-Ab were significantly associated with total insulin dose (U/kg) (P = 0.001) and time (P < 0.0001), but not with HbA(1c) (P = 0.24). Mean (+/- SD) HbA(1c) was similar at diagnosis (HI 9.5 +/- 1.97%; IAsp 9.6 +/- 1.62%); HbA(1c) then decreased and stabilized to about 6.0% in both groups. Few SAEs were reported, the majority being hypoglycaemic episodes. Treatment with IAsp and with HI was associated with an increase in HI-cross-Ab in insulin-naive children, but this did not influence treatment efficacy or safety. These results support the safe use of IAsp in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Output:

conditions: Diabetes|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
interventions: Drug: soluble human insulin|Drug: isophane human insulin|Drug: insulin aspart
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Outcome after anterior vaginal prolapse repair: a randomized controlled trial.  To report 1-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial comparing polypropylene mesh-reinforced anterior vaginal prolapse repair with anterior colporrhaphy. Seventy-six patients with stage II or greater anterior vaginal prolapse were randomly assigned to either colporrhaphy or polypropylene mesh repair. The primary outcome was recurrent stage II anterior vaginal prolapse, and secondary outcomes were effects on quality of life and sexual symptom scores, operative time, blood loss, length of hospitalization, and adverse events. Thirty-eight women had anterior colporrhaphy, and 37 had polypropylene mesh repair. One patient allocated to mesh repair withdrew from the study before surgery. Clinical and demographic data did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups. One year after surgery, optimal and satisfactory anterior vaginal support were obtained in 21 of 38 (55%) of the colporrhaphy group and 33 of 38 (87%) of the mesh group (P=.005). Patients in both groups reported less bother after surgery in both prolapse and urinary symptoms. The rates of de novo dyspareunia were 4 of 26 (16%) and 2 of 23 (9%) in the colporrhaphy and mesh groups, respectively. Two of 37 (5%) patients had vaginal mesh extrusion. Nine anterior colporrhaphy patients would have to have recurrent anterior vaginal prolapse to prevent one vaginal mesh extrusion. Neither serious adverse events nor deaths occurred in either group. Anterior vaginal prolapse repair with polypropylene mesh reinforcement offers lower anatomic recurrence than anterior colporrhaphy at one year. However, quality of life and sexual symptoms scores improved in both groups. Output:

conditions: Cystocele|Uterine Prolapse|Urinary Incontinence
interventions: Device: grafted anterior prolapse repair|Procedure: sutured anterior vaginal prolapse repair
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Performance of a new leadless implantable cardiac monitor in detecting and quantifying atrial fibrillation: Results of the XPECT trial.  Current methods for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) have limited diagnostic yield. Continuous monitoring with automatic arrhythmia detection and classification may improve detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic AF and subsequent patient treatment. The study purpose was to quantify the performance of the first implantable leadless cardiac monitor (ICM) with dedicated AF detection capabilities. Patients (n=247) with an implanted ICM (Reveal XT, Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) who were likely to present with paroxysmal AF were selected. A special Holter device stored 46 hours of subcutaneously recorded ECG, ICM markers, and 2 surface ECG leads. The ICM automatic arrhythmia classification was compared with the core laboratory classification of the surface ECG. Of the 206 analyzable Holter recordings collected, 76 (37%) contained at least 1 episode of core laboratory classified AF. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for identifying patients with any AF were 96.1%, 85.4%, 79.3%, and 97.4%, respectively. The AF burden measured with the ICM was very well correlated with the reference value derived from the Holter (Pearson coefficient=0.97). The overall accuracy of the ICM for detecting AF was 98.5%. In this ICM validation study, the dedicated AF detection algorithm reliably detected the presence or absence of AF and the AF burden was accurately quantified. The ICM is a promising new diagnostic and monitoring tool for the clinician to treat AF patients independently of symptoms. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefits of the technology. Output:

conditions: Atrial Fibrillation|Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias
interventions: Other: 46 hrs Holter ECG recording