owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Red versus white wine as a nutritional aromatase inhibitor in premenopausal women: a pilot study.  An increased risk of breast cancer is associated with alcohol consumption; however, it is controversial whether red wine increases this risk. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) prevent the conversion of androgens to estrogen and occur naturally in grapes, grape juice, and red, but not white wine. We tested whether red wine is a nutritional AI in premenopausal women. In a cross-over design, 36 women (mean age [SD], 36 [8] years) were assigned to 8 ounces (237 mL) of red wine daily then white wine for 1 month each, or the reverse. Blood was collected twice during the menstrual cycle for measurement of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), androstenedione (A), total and free testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Red wine demonstrated higher free T vs. white wine (mean difference 0.64 pg/mL [0.2 SE], p=0.009) and lower SHBG (mean difference -5.0 nmol/L [1.9 SE], p=0.007). E2 levels were lower in red vs. white wine but not statistically significant. LH was significantly higher in red vs. white wine (mean difference 2.3 mIU/mL [1.3 SE], p=0.027); however, FSH was not. Red wine is associated with significantly higher free T and lower SHBG levels, as well as a significant higher LH level vs. white wine in healthy premenopausal women. These data suggest that red wine is a nutritional AI and may explain the observation that red wine does not appear to increase breast cancer risk. Output:

conditions: Healthy
interventions: Other: Red Wine|Other: White Wine
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Cardiopulmonary bypass does not affect plasma concentration of preoperatively administered gabapentin.  Drug effects can be unpredictable during cardiac surgery due to factors that may influence drug concentration, such as extracorporeal oxygenation and hemodilution. The primary aim of the current investigation was to determine whether plasma gabapentin concentration is altered by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Following approval from the Research Ethics Board and written informed consent, we conducted this open-label prospective cohort investigation. A convenience sample of 16 patients, who were scheduled for coronary bypass surgery, received oral gabapentin 600 mg as follows: 90 min prior to induction of anesthesia, following tracheal extubation, and then every eight hours for a total of four doses. Plasma gabapentin concentration, as well as pain and sedation scores, were documented. Plasma gabapentin concentrations were unaltered during CPB (31.9 +/- 12.7 mumol.L(-1) prior to CPB, 35.6 +/- 12.9 to 37.2 +/- 9.6 mumol.L(-1) during CPB). However, using the current protocol, drug accumulation (reflected by increased drug concentrations) was observed following the third (58.2 +/- 19.5 micromol.L(-1)) and the fourth (71.9 +/- 34.3 micromol.L(-1)) doses. Pain and sedation scores and opioid requirements were comparable with those found in other studies. Plasma gabapentin concentration is unaltered during CPB following preoperative administration. Drug accumulation following third and fourth postoperative doses suggests the need for therapeutic drug monitoring in future trials. Gabapentin is well established as an effective adjunct analgesic in a number of surgical settings. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate analgesic efficacy, optimal dosing, and adverse effects in the setting of cardiac surgery. Output:

conditions: Cardiopulmonary Bypass
interventions: Drug: Gabapentin
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Reversibility of the anti-FXa activity of idrabiotaparinux (biotinylated idraparinux) by intravenous avidin infusion.  Idraparinux is an inhibitor of activated factor X (FXa) with a long half-life allowing once-weekly dosing. Idrabiotaparinux is a biotinylated version of idraparinux; its activity can be reversed with avidin. To investigate the tolerability, safety and pharmacodynamics of avidin in healthy subjects and patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) receiving idrabiotaparinux. In a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind Phase I study, 41 healthy males received subcutaneous idrabiotaparinux before being randomized to a 30-min intravenous avidin infusion or placebo. Idrabiotaparinux plus avidin were re-administered 10-14 months later in eight subjects. In addition, in a prospective substudy of the Phase III EQUINOX trial, 55 patients who received weekly idrabiotaparinux for 6 months were randomized to receive either 100 mg avidin (n = 33) or placebo (n = 22). The primary activity outcome was anti-FXa activity calculated immediately before and after avidin infusion. Adverse events were recorded to assess safety and tolerability. Avidin rapidly reversed the anti-FXa activity of idrabiotaparinux, ranging from 66.1 to 90.3% in healthy subjects and from 67 to 97% (mean 78%) in DVT patients. Avidin was well tolerated, with a similar nature and frequency of adverse events to placebo. No venous thromboembolism recurrence occurred in the 3-month post-avidin infusion. A 30-min intravenous infusion of avidin 100 mg is well tolerated, safe, and offers immediate and specific reversibility both after single and repeated doses of idrabiotaparinux in healthy subjects, and in DVT patients following a 6-month treatment period. Output:

conditions: Deep Venous Thrombosis
interventions: Drug: SSR126517E, idraparinux, SSR29261
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Levetiracetam extended release conversion to monotherapy for the treatment of patients with partial-onset seizures: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, historical control study.  This double-blind, randomised, multicentre, conversion to monotherapy, historical control study (N01280; NCT00419094) evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of levetiracetam extended release (LEV XR) 2000mg/day once daily for the treatment of patients with partial-onset seizures compared with a historical control. Patients aged 12-75 years with 2-40 partial-onset seizures per 4 weeks, taking 1-2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and receiving a stable dosage for ≥4 weeks prior to screening were randomised in a 3:1 ratio to LEV XR 2000 or 1000 mg/day. The study comprised baseline (8 weeks), LEV XR up-titration (2 weeks), baseline AED tapering (6 weeks), LEV XR monotherapy (10 weeks), and entry into open-label follow-up study or down-titration (1 week). The primary efficacy variable was the cumulative exit rate at Day 112 due to predefined exit criteria compared with the historical control. Of the 171 patients randomised to LEV XR 2000 mg/day and 57 randomised to 1000 mg/day, 141 (82.5%) and 50 (87.7%) completed the study. The cumulative exit rate for patients on LEV XR 2000 mg/day (0.375 [95% CI 0.297, 0.453]) was significantly lower than historical control (0.653). Both LEV doses were well tolerated. The most common adverse events during the treatment period were somnolence (21.9%), headache (19.7%) and convulsion (14.9%). Output:

conditions: Epilepsy
interventions: Drug: Keppra XR|Drug: Keppra XR
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:The tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine is immunogenic with a clinically acceptable safety profile in subjects previously vaccinated with a tetravalent polysaccharide vaccine.  The immunogenicity and safety of the tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) were evaluated in subjects previously vaccinated with a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and in subjects without previous meningococcal vaccination. In this phase II, open, controlled study (NCT00661557), healthy subjects aged 4.5-34 years received one dose of MenACWY-TT at month 0. Subjects in the MPS group (n=192) had received polysaccharide vaccine in a study conducted 30-42 months earlier; age-matched subjects in the noMPS control group (n=79) had received no meningococcal vaccination within the past 10 years. Serum bactericidal activity using rabbit complement (rSBA) was measured at month 0 and month 1. At month 1, ≥97.0% of subjects had rSBA titers ≥1:128. Post-vaccination rSBA geometric mean titers (GMTs) were ≥3.9-fold higher than pre-vaccination in both treatment groups. Exploratory analyses showed no statistically significant differences between groups in percentages of subjects with rSBA titers ≥1:8 and ≥1:128, but significantly lower rSBA GMTs and vaccine response rates for each serogroup in the MPS versus the noMPS group. MenACWY-TT had an acceptable safety profile in both groups. These results suggest that MenACWY-TT could be used in vaccination programs irrespective of the pre-vaccination status with polysaccharide vaccine. Output:

conditions: Meningococcal Disease
interventions: Biological: Meningococcal vaccine GSK134612
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A randomized trial of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for acute gastric variceal bleeding: 0.5 mL versus 1.0 mL.  Endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is the preferred method to treat acute gastric variceal bleeding (GVB). However, its rebleeding rate remains high. To compare an injection containing 0.5 mL of cyanoacrylate (group A) with an injection containing 1.0 mL of cyanoacrylate (group B). A single-center, randomized, controlled trial. A tertiary referral center. Occurrence of rebleeding. Patients with acute gastric variceal bleeding. Forty-four patients in group A and 47 patients in group B were studied; their clinical characteristics were similar. The treatment stopped active bleeding in approximately 90% of cases in both groups. The rebleeding rate was 29.8% (14/47) in group B compared with 38.6% (17/44) in group A (P = .504; 95% CI, -10.592 to 28.280). On multivariate analysis, concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma, infection, and the size of the gastric varices were independent determinants of rebleeding. More patients in group B than in group A had postinjection fever (>37.5 degrees C) (23/47 vs 12/44, P = .059). Treatment failure, complications, 30-day mortality, and survival did not differ between the 2 groups. Due to the small number of study patients, a double dose of cyanoacrylate injection for GVB cannot be proven to have better hemostatic efficacy than a single dose. Multicenter studies with larger patient numbers are necessary to determine whether a double dose is in fact more efficacious. Output:

conditions: Gastric Variceal Bleeding
interventions: Procedure: Cyanoacrylate|Procedure: Cyanoacrylate
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Insulin resistance and response to telaprevir plus peginterferon α and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients infected with HCV genotype 1.  Insulin resistance is a predictor of poor response to peginterferon/ribavirin in patients infected with the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are no data on direct-acting antivirals. This exploratory analysis assessed the effect of metabolic factors and insulin resistance, measured by homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA), on virological response to telaprevir in Study C208. Overall, 161 HCV genotype 1-infected, treatment-naïve patients received 12 weeks of telaprevir plus peginterferon/ribavirin, then 12/36 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin depending on on-treatment response criteria. The prognostic significance of several factors, including HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), on virological response at weeks 4 and 12, end of treatment and 24 weeks after treatment was explored by multiple regression analysis. Baseline HOMA-IR data were available for 147 patients; baseline characteristics were consistent with the overall population. Baseline HOMA-IR <2, 2-4 and >4 was seen in 54%, 30% and 16% of patients, respectively. Neither response rates (any time point) nor week 4 viral load decline were significantly influenced by baseline HOMA-IR. In multivariate analyses, fibrosis stage and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were predictive of sustained virological response (OR 0.47 and 1.02, respectively). After the end of treatment, HOMA-IR was significantly lower in patients with sustained virological response than in those without (0.61 vs 1.34 for relapsers and 1.15 for non-responders; p<0.05). In this study, baseline HOMA-IR was not predictive of virological response to telaprevir in HCV genotype 1-infected, treatment-naïve patients, while sustained virological response was associated with improved HOMA-IR. These results suggest that metabolic factors and insulin resistance do not have a significant effect on telaprevir-based treatment efficacy. Output:

conditions: Hepatitis C, Chronic
interventions: Drug: Telaprevir
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:The Diabeo software enabling individualized insulin dose adjustments combined with telemedicine support improves HbA1c in poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients: a 6-month, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter trial (TeleDiab 1 Study).  To demonstrate that Diabeo software enabling individualized insulin dose adjustments combined with telemedicine support significantly improves HbA(1c) in poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients. In a six-month open-label parallel-group, multicenter study, adult patients (n = 180) with type 1 diabetes (>1 year), on a basal-bolus insulin regimen (>6 months), with HbA(1c) ≥ 8%, were randomized to usual quarterly follow-up (G1), home use of a smartphone recommending insulin doses with quarterly visits (G2), or use of the smartphone with short teleconsultations every 2 weeks but no visit until point end (G3). Six-month mean HbA(1c) in G3 (8.41 ± 1.04%) was lower than in G1 (9.10 ± 1.16%; P = 0.0019). G2 displayed intermediate results (8.63 ± 1.07%). The Diabeo system gave a 0.91% (0.60; 1.21) improvement in HbA(1c) over controls and a 0.67% (0.35; 0.99) reduction when used without teleconsultation. There was no difference in the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes or in medical time spent for hospital or telephone consultations. However, patients in G1 and G2 spent nearly 5 h more than G3 patients attending hospital visits. The Diabeo system gives a substantial improvement to metabolic control in chronic, poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients without requiring more medical time and at a lower overall cost for the patient than usual care. Output:

conditions: Type 1 Diabetes
interventions: Device: placebo|Device: VISITS + PDA-FIT system|Device: PDA-FIT System + telephone follow-up