owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and moxifloxacin in human conjunctiva and aqueous humor during and after the approved dosing regimens.  To evaluate the ocular pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and moxifloxacin in human conjunctiva and aqueous humor in subjects undergoing cataract surgery. Multicenter, open-label, randomized study. Subjects scheduled for routine cataract surgery and with normal-appearing conjunctiva were eligible. One conjunctival biopsy sample and 1 aqueous humor sample were obtained from subjects randomly assigned to 1 of 10 prespecified time points (1 to 312 hours) after treatment initiation of azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% or moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5%. Samples were assayed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Azithromycin 1% provided high concentrations (peak level, 559.7 μg/g) in human conjunctiva that were sustained at levels 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of moxifloxacin 0.5% throughout the 7-day dosing period and for at least 7 days thereafter. Azithromycin also showed an extended half-life (65.7 hours) in conjunctiva relative to that of moxifloxacin (28.6 hours). Accordingly, the concentration of azithromycin was maintained well above the minimum inhibitory concentration required for inhibition of growth of 90% of tested bacterial isolates for at least 7 days, whereas moxifloxacin conjunctival levels fell to levels at or less than the minimum inhibitory concentration required for inhibition of growth of 90% of tested bacterial isolates approximately 24 hours after the last dose. Peak aqueous humor concentration of moxifloxacin was higher (0.77 μg/mL) than that of azithromycin (0.053 μg/mL). No clinically relevant safety findings were observed. Azithromycin 1% demonstrated high, therapeutic levels in the conjunctiva that were maintained up to 7 days after completion of a 1-week dosing regimen. Aqueous humor levels, however, were subtherapeutic with this dosing regimen. In comparison, moxifloxacin achieved lower conjunctival tissue levels, but higher aqueous humor levels. Output:

conditions: Bacterial Infections|Eye Infections|Cataract Extraction
interventions: Drug: AzaSite Eye Drops|Drug: Vigamox Eye Drops
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Long-term sequential deferiprone-deferoxamine versus deferiprone alone for thalassaemia major patients: a randomized clinical trial.  A multicentre randomized open-label trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of long-term sequential deferiprone-deferoxamine (DFO-DFP) versus DFP alone to treat thalassaemia major (TM). DFP at 75 mg/kg, divided into three oral daily doses, for 4 d/week and DFO by subcutaneous infusion (8-12 h) at 50 mg/kg per day for the remaining 3 d/week was compared with DFP alone at 75 mg/kg, administered 7 d/week during a 5-year follow-up. The main outcome measures were differences between multiple observations of serum ferritin concentrations. Secondary outcomes were survival analysis, adverse events, and costs. Consecutive thalassaemia patients (275) were assessed for eligibility; 213 of these were randomized and underwent intention-to-treat analysis. The decrease of serum ferritin levels during the treatment period was statistically significant higher in sequential DFP-DFO patients compared with DFP-alone patients (P = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the two chelation treatments did not show any statistically significant differences (long-rank test, P = 0.3145). Adverse events and costs were comparable between the groups. The trial results show that sequential DFP-DFO treatment compared with DFP alone significantly decreased serum ferritin concentration during treatment for 5 years without significant differences regarding survival, adverse events, or costs. Output:

conditions: Beta-Thalassemia|Thalassemia Major
interventions: Drug: Deferiprone (DFP) and Deferoxamine (DFO)|Drug: Deferiprone (DFP)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on biochemical markers and neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing elective cervical decompression surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial.  Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may protect the spinal cord from ischemic injury. This randomized clinical trial was designed to assess whether a large clinical trial testing the effect of RIPC on neurologic outcome in patients undergoing spine surgery is warranted. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00778323. Forty adult cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients undergoing elective decompression surgery were randomly assigned to either the RIPC group (n=20) or the control group (n=20). Limb RIPC consisted of three 5-minutes cycles of upper right limb ischemia with intervening 5-minute periods of reperfusion. Neuron-specific enolase and S-100B levels were measured in serum at set time points. Median nerve somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were also recorded. Neurologic recovery rate was evaluated using a Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale. RIPC significantly reduced serum S-100B release at 6 hours and 1 day after surgery, and reduced neuron-specific enolase release at 6 hours, and then at 1, 3, and 5 days after surgery. No differences were observed in SEP measurements or the incidence of SEP changes during surgery between the control and RIPC groups. Recovery rate at 7 days, and at 1 and 3 months after surgery was higher in the RIPC group than in the control group (P<0.05). Our results for markers of neuronal ischemic injury and rate of recovery suggest that a clinical trial with sufficient statistical power to detect an effect of RIPC on the incidence of neurologic complications (paresis, palsy, etc) due to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury after spine surgery is warranted [corrected]. Output:

conditions: Cervical Compression Myelopathy|Ischemia|Reperfusion Injury|Spinal Cord Injury
interventions: Procedure: limb remote ischemic preconditioning (LRIPC)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Short- and long-term treatment of dilutional hyponatraemia with satavaptan, a selective arginine vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist: the DILIPO study.  Arginine vasopressin (AVP) V(2) receptor antagonism is a new approach to the management of hyponatraemia in congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of satavaptan, an oral AVP V(2)-receptor antagonist, in patients with dilutional hyponatraemia. A total of 118 patients (90 with CHF) with dilutional hyponatraemia (serum sodium 115-132 mmol/L) were randomized to double-blind treatment with placebo or to 25 or 50 mg/day of satavaptan for 4 days, followed by non-comparative open-label satavaptan therapy for up to 343 days. The response rate (sodium ≥ 135 mmol/L and/or an increase in ≥ 5 mmol/L above baseline) was significantly higher with satavaptan 50 mg than with placebo (61.0 vs. 26.8%; P= 0.0035), with a trend towards significance with satavaptan 25 mg (48.6%, P= 0.0599). Median times to response were 3.30 and 2.79 days with satavaptan 25 and 50 mg/day, respectively, both shorter than placebo (>4 days; P= 0.0278 and P= 0.0004, respectively). Satavaptan therapy was effective in CHF patients, with response rates higher with both satavaptan 25 mg/day (53.6%) and 50 mg/day (57.1%) than with placebo (23.5%; P= 0.019 and P= 0.009, respectively). Sodium responses were maintained during open-label therapy after a temporary study drug discontinuation period. Higher rates of adverse events occurred with the 50 mg/day dose, including rapid correction of hyponatraemia. In patients with dilutional hyponatraemia, V(2) receptor antagonism with satavaptan was effective in increasing serum sodium concentrations. The long-term open-label treatment results demonstrate sustained efficacy of satavaptan in maintaining normal sodium levels. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00274326. Output:

conditions: Congestive Heart Failure
interventions: Drug: SR121463B
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating plan affects C-reactive protein, coagulation abnormalities, and hepatic function tests among type 2 diabetic patients.  Few studies exist regarding the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on novel cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients. We evaluated the effects of the DASH eating pattern on C-reactive protein (CRP) level, coagulation abnormalities, and hepatic function tests in type 2 diabetic patients. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, 31 type 2 diabetic patients consumed a control diet or the DASH diet for 8 wk. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/d sodium. The control diet was a standard diet for diabetic patients. There was a 4-wk washout between the 2 trial phases. The main outcome measures were CRP level, coagulation indices, and hepatic function tests. The mean percent change for plasma CRP level was -26.9 ± 3.5% after the DASH diet period and -5.1 ± 3.8% after the control diet period (P = 0.02). Decreases in both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were greater after consuming the DASH diet compared with the control diet (-14.8 ± 3.0% vs -6.6 ± 3.4%; P = 0.001; -29.4 ± 3.7% vs -5.9 ± 1.4%; P = 0.001, respectively). The decrease in the plasma fibrinogen level during the DASH diet period (-11.4 ± 3.6%) was greater than that during the control diet (0.5 ± 3.4%) (P = 0.03). Among diabetic patients, the DASH diet can play an important role in reducing inflammation, plasma levels of fibrinogen, and liver aminotransferases. Future longer term studies are recommended. Output:

conditions: Type 2 Diabetic Patients
interventions: Dietary Supplement: DASH diet|Dietary Supplement: a usual diabetic diet
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Preliminary assessment of the safety and efficacy of tanezumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled study.  To investigate the use of tanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits nerve growth factor, for the treatment of moderate to severe osteoarthritis in Japanese patients. Patients received tanezumab 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/kg, or placebo and were followed for 92 or 120 days. Endpoints included the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and the change from baseline to week 8 in pain intensity and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) subscales. Patients (n = 83) were 69% female, age 44-73 years, with a Kellgren-Lawrence X-ray grade of 2-4. At week 8, compared with placebo, tanezumab 25, 100, and 200 μg/kg improved index knee pain during walking (-18.5, -14.3, and -27.6, respectively), index knee pain in the past 24 h (-19.1, -14.6, and -24.2, respectively), current index knee pain (-16.5, -10.9, and -22.8, respectively), and the WOMAC pain (-11.5, -9.6, and -18.8, respectively), physical function (-8.7, -9.5, and -17.6, respectively), and stiffness (-20.4, -11.2, and -10.2, respectively) subscales. Overall, seven patients reported AEs of abnormal peripheral sensation: allodynia (two in the tanezumab 200 μg/kg group); paresthesia (two in the tanezumab 200 μg/kg group), dysesthesia (one in the tanezumab 200 μg/kg group); thermohypoesthesia (one in the tanezumab 100 μg/kg group), and decreased vibratory sense (one in the placebo group). All of these AEs were mild to moderate in severity and transient in nature. Tanezumab was safe and generally well tolerated and may improve pain symptoms in Japanese patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the knee. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00669409. Output:

conditions: Osteoarthritis, Knee
interventions: Drug: PF-04383119 (tanezumab)|Drug: PF-04383119 (tanezumab)|Drug: PF-04383119 (tanezumab)|Drug: PF-04383119 (tanezumab)|Drug: PF-04383119 (tanezumab)|Drug: PF-04383119 (tanezumab)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Apixaban or enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement.  The optimal strategy for thromboprophylaxis after major joint replacement has not been established. Low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin predominantly target factor Xa but to some extent also inhibit thrombin. Apixaban, a specific factor Xa inhibitor, may provide effective thromboprophylaxis with a low risk of bleeding and improved ease of use. In a double-blind, double-dummy study, we randomly assigned patients undergoing total knee replacement to receive 2.5 mg of apixaban orally twice daily or 30 mg of enoxaparin subcutaneously every 12 hours. Both medications were started 12 to 24 hours after surgery and continued for 10 to 14 days. Bilateral venography was then performed. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic and symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, and death from any cause during treatment. Patients were followed for 60 days after anticoagulation therapy was stopped. A total of 3195 patients underwent randomization, with 1599 assigned to the apixaban group and 1596 to the enoxaparin group; 908 subjects were not eligible for the efficacy analysis. The overall rate of primary events was much lower than anticipated. The rate of the primary efficacy outcome was 9.0% with apixaban as compared with 8.8% with enoxaparin (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.32). The composite incidence of major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding was 2.9% with apixaban and 4.3% with enoxaparin (P=0.03). As compared with enoxaparin for efficacy of thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement, apixaban did not meet the prespecified statistical criteria for noninferiority, but its use was associated with lower rates of clinically relevant bleeding and it had a similar adverse-event profile. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00371683.) Output:

conditions: Deep Vein Thrombosis|Pulmonary Embolism
interventions: Drug: Enoxaparin + Placebo|Drug: Apixaban + Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency--results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a red-vine-leaf extract (AS195, Antistax(®), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany) on the volume of the leg and clinical symptoms in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). A multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was carried out with 720 mg AS195 per day over 12 weeks in CVI patients (CEAP Grades 3-4a) and moderate-to-severe clinical symptoms. Efficacy endpoints were changes in limb volume determined by water displacement volumetry, clinical CVI symptoms assessed on a 10-cm visual analogue scale and global efficacy evaluations. The full-analysis set included 248 patients (placebo: n = 122; AS195: n = 126). After 12 weeks, AS195 significantly reduced lower limb volume by a mean of 19.9 standard error (SE) 8.9 ml over placebo (95% confidence interval (CI): -37.5, -2.3; p = 0.0268; analysis of covariance, ANCOVA). The standardised effect size of 0.28 for volume reduction indicates a clinically relevant effect. On Day 84, the symptom of 'pain in the legs' assessed by visual analogue scale decreased in the AS195 group compared with the placebo group: mean difference -6.6 SD 3.3 mm (95% CI: -13.1,-0.1; p = 0.047). Other symptoms showed no significant change. The tolerability of AS195 was similar to that of placebo. AS195 treatment for 84 days resulted in an approximately 20 ml reduction of limb volume in the active treatment group compared with the placebo group. Patients reported subjective improvement following treatment with AS195 compared with placebo. However, patients' overall rating of efficacy did not correlate well with measured reductions in limb volume. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00855179. Output:

conditions: Venous Insufficiency
interventions: Drug: Red vine leaf extract (AS 195)|Drug: Placebo