owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Randomized controlled study of the histamine H3 inverse agonist MK-0249 in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.  It has been suggested that the histamine subtype 3 receptor inverse agonists such as MK-0249 might be effective in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We evaluated the effects of MK-0249 in adults with ADHD. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, incomplete block, 2-period crossover study of MK-0249 5-10 mg/d and osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate 54-72 mg/d (active comparator) was performed in 72 men and women aged ≥ 18 to ≤ 55 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD of either inattentive or combined subtype and who had a chronic course of behavior disorder. The study was conducted from August 2007 through April 2008 at 6 US sites. Primary efficacy was assessed by the mean change from baseline in the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) total score after 4 weeks of treatment. Change from baseline in AISRS at week 4 for MK-0249 was not different from placebo (P = .341), whereas a significant benefit was seen for OROS methylphenidate versus placebo (P < .001). Analysis of secondary end points, including the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales, showed results consistent with the AISRS. A similar percentage of patients reported adverse events for MK-0249 compared with placebo (73% versus 69%, respectively). However, a greater percentage of patients reported insomnia as an adverse event with MK-0249 treatment compared with placebo (32% versus 11%, respectively). MK-0249 10 mg/d is not effective for the treatment of adult ADHD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00475735. Output:

conditions: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
interventions: Drug: MK0249|Drug: Concerta (methylphenidate)|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by tofacitinib (CP-690,550).  Inhibitors of the JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases have demonstrated clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders; however, the precise mechanisms by which JAK inhibition improves inflammatory immune responses remain unclear. In this study, we examined the mode of action of tofacitinib (CP-690,550) on JAK/STAT signaling pathways involved in adaptive and innate immune responses. To determine the extent of inhibition of specific JAK/STAT-dependent pathways, we analyzed cytokine stimulation of mouse and human T cells in vitro. We also investigated the consequences of CP-690,550 treatment on Th cell differentiation of naive murine CD4(+) T cells. CP-690,550 inhibited IL-4-dependent Th2 cell differentiation and interestingly also interfered with Th17 cell differentiation. Expression of IL-23 receptor and the Th17 cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 were blocked when naive Th cells were stimulated with IL-6 and IL-23. In contrast, IL-17A production was enhanced when Th17 cells were differentiated in the presence of TGF-β. Moreover, CP-690,550 also prevented the activation of STAT1, induction of T-bet, and subsequent generation of Th1 cells. In a model of established arthritis, CP-690,550 rapidly improved disease by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and suppressing STAT1-dependent genes in joint tissue. Furthermore, efficacy in this disease model correlated with the inhibition of both JAK1 and JAK3 signaling pathways. CP-690,550 also modulated innate responses to LPS in vivo through a mechanism likely involving the inhibition of STAT1 signaling. Thus, CP-690,550 may improve autoimmune diseases and prevent transplant rejection by suppressing the differentiation of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells as well as innate immune cell signaling. Output:

conditions: Crohn's Disease
interventions: Drug: CP-690,550|Drug: CP-690,550|Drug: CP-690,550
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Detection of pulmonary emboli with 99mTc-labeled anti-D-dimer (DI-80B3)Fab' fragments (ThromboView).  We report a new method to diagnose acute pulmonary embolism (PE) by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) after administration of (99m)Tc-labeled anti-D-dimer (DI-80B3) monoclonal antibody Fab' fragments. This novel technique provides an additional approach to diagnosing PE in patients for whom other methods are nondiagnostic or contraindicated. We performed a prospective, multicenter study to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of (99m)Tc-DI-80B3/SPECT in patients with suspected acute PE. Subjects with a moderate to high clinical probability of PE or a positive D-dimer test underwent a PE-protocol contrast-enhanced multidetector thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan as well as (99m)Tc-DI-80B3/SPECT (0.5 mg (99m)Tc-DI-80B3 intravenously followed by a thoracic SPECT 2.5 h later). Separate and independent adjudication committees, blinded to clinical data and other test results, interpreted the (99m)Tc-DI-80B3/SPECT scans (PE detected as foci of abnormally increased (99m)Tc uptake) and the thoracic CT scans using Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II criteria. Of the 52 patients who were enrolled and completed both tests, 42 had both evaluable SPECT scans and thoracic CT scans. Using the criterion standard (thoracic CT scan) there were 21 patients with PE and 21 without. (99m)Tc-DI-80B3/SPECT had a sensitivity of 76.2% (95% confidence interval, 52.8-91.8%) and a specificity of 90.5% (95% confidence interval, 69.8-98.8%). Treatment-related serious adverse events did not occur. (99m)Tc-DI-80B3/SPECT was sensitive and specific for acute PE in subjects with moderate to high clinical probability of PE or a positive D-dimer test. (99m)Tc-DI-80B3/SPECT demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and avoids exposure to contrast. Output:

conditions: Acute Pulmonary Embolism
interventions: Other: ThromboView
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial.  Smoking cessation is a key component of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. Varenicline, a partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, is effective for smoking cessation in healthy smokers, but its efficacy and safety in smokers with cardiovascular disease are unknown. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of varenicline with placebo for smoking cessation in 714 smokers with stable cardiovascular disease. Participants received varenicline (1 mg twice daily) or placebo, along with smoking-cessation counseling, for 12 weeks. Follow-up lasted 52 weeks. The primary end point was carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rate for weeks 9 through 12 (last 4 weeks of treatment). The continuous abstinence rate was higher for varenicline than placebo during weeks 9 through 12 (47.0% versus 13.9%; odds ratio, 6.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.18 to 8.93) and weeks 9 through 52 (19.2% versus 7.2%; odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.93 to 5.11). The varenicline and placebo groups did not differ significantly in cardiovascular mortality (0.3% versus 0.6%; difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -1.3 to 0.7), all-cause mortality (0.6% versus 1.4%; difference, -0.8%; 95% CI, -2.3 to 0.6), cardiovascular events (7.1% versus 5.7%; difference, 1.4%; 95% CI, -2.3 to 5.0), or serious adverse events (6.5% and 6.0%; difference, 0.5%; 95% CI, -3.1 to 4.1). As a result of adverse events, 9.6% of varenicline and 4.3% of placebo participants discontinued study drug. Varenicline is effective for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease. It was well tolerated and did not increase cardiovascular events or mortality; however, trial size and duration limit definitive conclusions about safety. Clinical Trial Registration Information- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00282984. Unique identifier: NCT00282984. Output:

conditions: Smoking Cessation
interventions: Drug: placebo|Drug: Varenicline
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy of tramadol versus fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in neonates.  To assess, in newborn infants submitted to surgical procedures, the efficacy of two opioids-fentanyl and tramadol-regarding time to extubate, time to achieve 100 ml/kg of enteral feeding and pain in the first 72 h after surgery. Controlled, blind, randomised clinical trial. Neonatal intensive care unit. 160 newborn infants up to 28 days of life requiring major or minor surgeries. Patients were randomised to receive analgesia with fentanyl (1-2 μg/kg/h intravenously) or tramadol (0.1-0.2 mg/kg/h intravenously) in the first 72 h of the postoperative period, stratified by surgical size and by patient's gender. Pain assessed by validated neonatal scales (Crying, Requires oxygen, Increased vital signs, Expression and Sleepless Scale and the Neonatal Facial Coding System), time until extubation and time to reach 100 ml/kg enteral feeding. Statistical analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance adjusted for confounding variables and Kaplan-Meier curve adjusted by a Cox model of proportional risks. Neonatal characteristics were (mean±SD) birth weight of 2924±702 g, gestational age of 37.6±2.2 weeks and age at surgery of 199±63 h. The main indication of surgery was gastrointestinal malformation (85 newborns; 53%). Neonates who received fentanyl or tramadol were similar regarding time until extubation, time to reach 100 ml/kg of enteral feeding and pain scores in the first 72 h after surgery. Tramadol was as effective as fentanyl for postoperative pain relief in neonates but does not appear to offer advantages over fentanyl regarding the duration of mechanical ventilation and time to reach full enteral feeding. Trial registration NCT00713726. Output:

conditions: Pain|Neonatal Infections|Analgesia
interventions: Drug: FentanyL|Drug: Tramadol
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Less weight gain and hypoglycaemia with once-daily insulin detemir than NPH insulin in intensification of insulin therapy in overweight Type 2 diabetes patients: the PREDICTIVE BMI clinical trial.  To assess weight change when once-daily insulin detemir (detemir) or neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH) are used in already overweight Type 2 diabetes patients requiring intensified insulin therapy. This 26-week randomized, controlled trial included adults with Type 2 diabetes [glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 7.5-11.0%, body mass index (BMI) 25-40 kg/m(2)] who had received two daily doses of insulin (at least one a premix) for > or = 3 months. Subjects received either detemir (n = 125) or NPH (n = 146) once daily in the evening and insulin aspart at main meals. Concomitant treatment with metformin was allowed. Basal insulin was titrated to a pre-breakfast plasma glucose target of 6.1 mmol/l without unacceptable hypoglycaemia. Insulin aspart was also titrated (target, postprandial glucose < or = 10.0 mmol/l without unacceptable hypoglycaemia). At 26 weeks, weight had increased significantly less with detemir (0.4 kg) than with NPH (1.9 kg; difference 1.5 kg, P < 0.0001). BMI increase was also less with detemir than with NPH (difference 0.6 kg/m(2), P < 0.0001). HbA(1c) decreased from 8.9 to 7.8% (detemir) and from 8.8 to 7.8% (NPH; not significant for between-treatment difference). Incidence of hypoglycaemia was lower with detemir [relative risks 0.62 (all events) and 0.43 (nocturnal); P < 0.0001 for both]. PREDICTIVE BMI was the first study to examine the effect of once-daily detemir with weight as the primary endpoint in a large population of overweight Type 2 diabetes patients. Use of once-daily detemir for intensification of insulin therapy resulted in less weight gain, less hypoglycaemia and equivalent glycaemic control compared with NPH. Output:

conditions: Diabetes|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
interventions: Drug: insulin detemir|Drug: insulin NPH|Drug: insulin aspart
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Evaluation of a low-dose oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose oral contraceptives (IKH-01; 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone) for patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Clinical trial sites in Japan. One hundred fifteen patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Patients randomly assigned to receive IKH-01 or placebo for four cycles. Total dysmenorrhea score, verbal rating scale defining pain according to limited ability to work and need for analgesics, and visual analog scale (VAS). Reduction in total dysmenorrhea score and VAS before and after treatment was significantly higher in the IKH-01 group than in the placebo group. Total dysmenorrhea score and VAS in the IKH-01 group significantly decreased from cycles 2 to 5. Overall incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in the IKH-01 group. Incidence decreased over time in the IKH-01 group; it was invariable in the placebo group. No serious adverse events occurred. IKH-01 could be used as a single agent or in combination with analgesics for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Output:

conditions: Dysmenorrhea
interventions: Drug: Norethindrone,Ethinyl Estrsdiol
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Light-activated tissue bonding for excisional wound closure: a split-lesion clinical trial.  Apposition of wound edges by sutures provides a temporary scaffold and tension support for healing. We have developed a novel tissue-sealing technology, photoactivated tissue bonding (PTB), which immediately crosslinks proteins between tissue planes, thereby sealing on a molecular scale. To determine the effectiveness of PTB for superficial closure of skin excisions and to compare the results with standard epidermal suturing. A split-lesion, paired comparison study of 31 skin excisions was performed. Following deep closure with absorbable sutures, one-half of each wound was superficially closed with nonabsorbable nylon sutures while the other half was stained with Rose Bengal dye and treated with green light. Overall appearance and scar characteristics were rated at 2weeks and 6months in a blinded manner by three dermatologists viewing photographs, by two onsite physicians and by patients. At 2weeks, neither sutured nor PTB-treated segments showed dehiscence; however, PTB-sealed segments showed less erythema than sutured segments as determined by photographic (P=0·001) and onsite evaluations (P=0·005). Overall appearance after PTB was judged better than after sutures (P=0·002). At 6months, scars produced by PTB were deemed superior to scars resulting from sutures in terms of appearance (P<0·001), width (P=0·002) and healing (P=0·003). Patients were more satisfied with the appearance of the PTB-sealed wound half after 2weeks and 6months (P=0·013 and P=0·003, respectively). A novel molecular suturing technique produces effective wound sealing and less scarring than closure with nylon interrupted epidermal sutures. Comparisons with better suturing techniques are warranted. Output:

conditions: Basal Cell Carcinoma|Squamous Cell Carcinoma|Atypical Nevus
interventions: Procedure: tissue bonding|Procedure: sutures