owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Cognitex supplementation in elderly adults with memory complaints: an uncontrolled open label trial.  The components of the nutritional supplement Cognitex have been individually shown to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. We evaluated the efficacy of the nutritional supplement in improving cognitive function in elderly with memory complaints. Thirty participants received three capsules of the nutritional supplement per day for 12 weeks in an open label study. Efficacy and safety measures, assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment, included cognitive evaluation using a computerized cognitive assessment tool, vital signs measurements, and physical examination. Twenty-six participants completed the 12-week study. A significant improvement in memory abilities (recall, recognition, and spatial short term) was observed following 2 weeks of Cognitex treatment (mean change from baseline: 11.15 ± 2.90, 8.68 ± 2.50, and 19.85 ± 6.19, respectively). Attention (sustained and focused), visual learning, and activities of daily living (executive functions and mental flexibility) were improved as well following this short supplementation period (mean change from baseline: 9.46 ± 3.80, 3.76 ± 1.50, 17.31 ± 5.33, 9.45 ± 3.73, and 9.92 ± 4.08, respectively). After 10 additional treatment weeks, activities of daily living demonstrated an additional statistically significant improvement while the beneficial effect observed for the rest of the tested parameters remained unchanged. The results indicate that the nutritional supplement may improve cognitive performance in elderly with memory complaints; however, further blinded and placebo-controlled studies are needed. Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT00719953. Output:

conditions: Elderly|Memory Impairment
interventions: Dietary Supplement: Cognitex
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Confocal laser endomicroscopy in Barrett's esophagus and endoscopically inapparent Barrett's neoplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial.  The detection of high-grade dysplasia and cancer in Barrett's esophagus (BE) can be challenging. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows in vivo visualization of mucosal histology during endoscopy. To determine whether CLE with optical biopsy and targeted mucosal biopsy improves the diagnostic yield of endoscopically inapparent, BE-associated neoplasia compared to standard endoscopy with a 4-quadrant, random biopsy protocol. Prospective, double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Single, tertiary-care academic center. This study involved patients with BE undergoing routine surveillance or referred for treatment of nonlocalized, endoscopically inapparent, BE-associated neoplasia. All participants underwent both a confocal endomicroscopy with a targeted biopsy procedure and standard endoscopy with a 4-quadrant biopsy procedure in a randomized order. Increase in diagnostic yield for neoplasia, reduction in mucosal biopsy number, final pathologic diagnosis. CLE with targeted biopsy almost doubled the diagnostic yield for neoplasia and was equivalent to the standard protocol for the final diagnosis of neoplasia. Two thirds of patients in the surveillance group did not need any mucosal biopsies at all. Single-center study. CLE with targeted biopsy significantly improves the diagnostic yield for endoscopically inapparent BE neoplasia compared to a standard endoscopy with a random-biopsy protocol. CLE with targeted biopsy also greatly reduces the number of biopsies needed per patient and allows some patients without neoplasia to completely forgo mucosal biopsy. Output:

conditions: Barrett's Esophagus|Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
interventions: Device: confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE)|Device: standard endoscopy (EGD)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A single dose of erythropoietin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.  Cardioprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) have been shown in experimental and smaller clinical studies. We performed a prospective, multicentre, randomized trial to assess the effects of a single high dose of EPO after primary coronary intervention (PCI) for an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results Patients with a successful PCI for a first STEMI were randomized to receive either standard medical care alone, or in combination with a single bolus with 60,000 IU i.v. of epoetin alfa within 3 h after PCI. Primary endpoint was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after 6 weeks, assessed by planar radionuclide ventriculography. Pre-specified secondary endpoints included enzymatic infarct size and major adverse cardiovascular events. A total of 529 patients were enrolled (EPO n = 263, control n = 266). At baseline (before EPO administration), groups were well-matched for all relevant characteristics. After a mean of 6.5 (± 2.0) weeks, LVEF was 0.53 (± 0.10) in the EPO group and 0.52 (± 0.11) in the control group (P = 0.41). Median area under the curve (inter-quartile range) after 72 h for creatinine kinase was 50 136 (28 212-76 664)U/L per 72 h in the EPO group and 53 510 (33 973-90 486)U/L per 72 h in the control group (P = 0.058). More major adverse cardiac events occurred in the control than in the EPO group (19 vs. 8; P = 0.032). Conclusion A single high dose of EPO after a successful PCI for a STEMI did not improve LVEF after 6 weeks. However, the use of EPO was related to less major adverse cardiovascular events and a favourable clinical safety profile. NCT00449488; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00449488?term=voors&rank=2. Output:

conditions: Myocardial Infarction
interventions: Drug: epoetin alfa
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine given with or without aluminum hydroxide to healthy adults: results of a phase I-II randomized clinical trial.  Dose-sparing strategies are being explored for vaccines against pandemic influenza. We evaluated the dose-sparing potential of aluminum hydroxide (AlOH) adjuvant. A total of 600 healthy subjects (age, 18-49 years) were randomized to receive 2 vaccinations 1 month apart with subvirion inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine containing 7.5, 15, or 45 microg of hemagglutinin (HA), with or without 600 microg of aluminum hydroxide (AlOH), or 3.75 microg of HA, with or without 300 microg of AlOH. Serum specimens were obtained for antibody assays before and 1 month after each vaccination. All formulations were safe. Injection site discomfort was more frequent in groups given vaccines with AlOH. Dose-related increases in antibody responses were noted after both vaccinations (P< .001) geometric mean titers of hemagglutination inhibition antibody in vaccines with and without AlOH, respectively, were 5.4 and 5.4 for subjects who received 3.75 microg of HA, 7.7 and 5.3 for those who received 7.5 microg of HA, 8.1 and 8.5 for those who received 15 microg of HA, and 14.8 and 12 for those who received 45 microg of HA. A > or =4-fold increase in titer was observed in 2% and 2% of subjects who received 3.75 microg of HA with or without AlOH, respectively; in 14% and 0% who received 7 microg of HA; in 14% and 13% who received 15 microg of HA; and in 33% and 25% who received 45 microg of HA. Addition of AlOH enhanced responses only for subjects who received 7.5 microg of HA, but responses in subjects who received 7.5 microg of HA without AlOH were unexpectedly low. Overall, a meaningful beneficial effect of AlOH adjuvant was not observed. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00296634 . Output:

conditions: Influenza
interventions: Drug: Aluminum hydroxide|Biological: Inactivated Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine (sanofi pasteur pre-adsorbed)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:0 Output:

conditions: Asthma
interventions: Drug: ipratropium bromide|Drug: placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Effect of exenatide on heart rate and blood pressure in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot study.  Cardiovascular effects of glucose-lowering agents are of increasing interest. Our aim was to assess the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects with T2DM on metformin and/or a thiazolidinedione were randomized to receive exenatide (5 microg for 4 weeks followed by 10 microg) or placebo BID for 12 weeks. Heart rate and BP were assessed with 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. The primary measure was change from baseline in mean 24-hour HR. Fifty-four subjects (28 exenatide, 26 placebo) were randomized and comprised the intent-to-treat population. Baseline values (exenatide and placebo) were (mean +/- SE) 74.4 +/- 2.1 and 74.5 +/- 1.9 beats/minute for HR, 126.4 +/- 3.2 and 119.9 +/- 2.8 mm Hg for systolic BP (SBP), and 75.2 +/- 2.1 and 70.5 +/- 2.0 mm Hg for diastolic BP (DBP). At 12 weeks, no significant change from baseline in 24-hour HR was observed with exenatide or placebo (LS mean +/- SE, 2.1 +/- 1.4 versus -0.7 +/- 1.4 beats/minute, respectively; between treatments, p = 0.16). Exenatide therapy was associated with trends toward lower 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime SBP; changes in DBP were similar between groups. No changes in daytime or nighttime rate pressure product were observed. With exenatide, body weight decreased from baseline by -1.8 +/- 0.4 kg (p < 0.0001; treatment difference -1.5 +/- 0.6 kg, p < 0.05). The most frequently reported adverse event with exenatide was mild to moderate nausea. Exenatide demonstrated no clinically meaningful effects on HR over 12 weeks of treatment in subjects with T2DM. The observed trends toward lower SBP with exenatide warrant future investigation. NCT00516074. Output:

conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
interventions: Drug: exenatide|Drug: placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Metformin should be considered in the treatment of gestational diabetes: a prospective randomised study.  To examine if oral metformin is as effective as insulin in the prevention of fetal macrosomy in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Open-label prospective randomised controlled study. Maternity outpatient clinics in a secondary and tertiary level hospital in Finland. One hundred women with GDM who did not attain euglycaemia with diet. Women were randomised to therapy with insulin (n = 50) or oral metformin (n = 50). Incidence of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants and neonatal morbidity. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of LGA (8.5 versus 10.0%, P = 0.97), mean birthweight, mean cord artery pH or neonatal morbidity between the insulin and metformin groups. Fifteen (31.9%) of the 47 women randomised to metformin needed supplemental insulin. They were more obese (with a body mass index of 36 versus 30 kg/m(2), P = 0.002), had higher fasting blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (6.1 versus 5.0 mmol/l, P = 0.001) and needed medical treatment for GDM earlier (26 versus 31 gestational weeks, P = 0.002) than women who were normoglycemic with metformin. There was a tendency to a higher rate of caesarean sections in the metformin group than in the insulin group (RR 1.9; 95% CI 0.99-3.71). Metformin seems to be suitable for the prevention of fetal macrosomy, especially in lean or moderately overweight women developing GDM in late gestation. Women with considerable obesity, high fasting blood glucose and an early need for pharmacological treatment may be more suitable for insulin therapy. Output:

conditions: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
interventions: Drug: Metformin|Drug: Insulin
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A controlled trial of sildenafil in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.  Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, may preferentially improve blood flow to well-ventilated regions of the lung in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which could result in improvements in gas exchange. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with sildenafil would improve walk distance, dyspnea, and quality of life in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, defined as a carbon monoxide diffusion capacity of less than 35% of the predicted value. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sildenafil in two periods. The first period consisted of 12 weeks of a double-blind comparison between sildenafil and a placebo control. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an increase in the 6-minute walk distance of 20% or more. Key secondary outcomes included changes in oxygenation, degree of dyspnea, and quality of life. The second period was a 12-week open-label evaluation involving all patients receiving sildenafil. A total of 180 patients were enrolled in the study. The difference in the primary outcome was not significant, with 9 of 89 patients (10%) in the sildenafil group and 6 of 91 (7%) in the placebo group having an improvement of 20% or more in the 6-minute walk distance (P=0.39). There were small but significant differences in arterial oxygenation, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, degree of dyspnea, and quality of life favoring the sildenafil group. Serious adverse events were similar in the two study groups. This study did not show a benefit for sildenafil for the primary outcome. The presence of some positive secondary outcomes creates clinical equipoise for further research. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00517933.) Output:

conditions: Pulmonary Fibrosis|Hypertension, Pulmonary
interventions: Drug: Sildenafil Citrate|Other: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:The EFFect of hIgh-dose ClopIdogrel treatmENT in patients with clopidogrel resistance (the EFFICIENT trial).  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-dose clopidogrel continuation treatment on the development of MACCE after elective PCI in patients with clopidogrel resistance. The study group consisted of 192 patients. Of these, 98 participants without resistance served as the control group (Group 1) and received 75 mg/day clopidogrel for 1 month. Ninety-four patients with resistance were randomly divided into two groups: 47 patients in the standard-dose group (Group 2) received 75 mg/day continuation therapy, whereas 47 patients in the high-dose group (Group 3) received 150 mg/day continuation therapy for 1 month. Clopidogrel resistance was evaluated with the VerifyNow P2Y12 test. Patients with a platelet inhibition value lower than 40% were classified as resistant. During the 6-month follow-up for MACCE, the event-rate in Group 2 was significantly higher than both Groups 1 and 3 (Group 1 vs Group 2; p=0.019, Group 1 vs Group 3; p=0.82, Group 2 vs Group 3; p=0.045). Total bleeding rate in all groups were similar (Group 1 vs Group 2; p=0.54, Group 1 vs Group 3; p=0.27, Group 2 vs Group 3; p=0.16). The rate of NACE was similar in all groups (Group 1 vs Group 2; p=0.08, Group 1 vs Group 3; p=0.50, Group 2 vs Group 3; p=0.39). In patients who underwent elective PCI and had clopidogrel resistance, high-dose clopidogrel continuation therapy was more efficient in preventing MACCE than the standard dose. High-dose continuation therapy did not increase the risk of bleeding complication (The EFFICIENT Trial; ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01032668). Output:

conditions: Coronary Artery Disease
interventions: Drug: Clopidogrel