owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and immunogenicity of a novel quadrivalent meningococcal CRM-conjugate vaccine given concomitantly with routine vaccinations in infants.  In phase II studies, MenACWY-CRM elicited robust immunologic responses in young infants. We now present results from our pivotal phase III infant immunogenicity/safety study. In this open-label phase III study, we randomized full-term 2-month-old infants to 4 doses of MenACWY-CRM coadministered with routine vaccines at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age or with routine vaccines alone. We monitored for local and systemic reactions and serious adverse events among all study participants and evaluated for sufficiency of the immune responses to MenACWY-CRM through serum bactericidal activity assay with human complement. Bactericidal antibodies were present in 94% to 100% of subjects against each of the serogroups in MenACWY-CRM after the 4-dose series and were 67% to 97% after the first 3 doses. Geometric mean titers were higher after the fourth dose of MenACWY-CRM compared with a single dose of MenACWY-CRM at 12 months of age for all serogroups (range of ratios, 4.5-38). Responses to 3 doses of routine vaccines coadministered with MenACWY-CRM were noninferior to routine vaccinations alone, except for small differences in pneumococcal serotype 6B responses after dose 3 but not dose 4 and pertactin after dose 3. Inclusion of MenACWY-CRM did not affect the safety or reactogenicity profiles of the routine infant vaccine series. A 4-dose series of MenACWY-CRM was highly immunogenic and well tolerated in young infants, and it can be coadministered with routine infant vaccines. Substantial immunity was conferred after the first 3 doses administered at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Output:

conditions: Meningitis, Meningococcal
interventions: Biological: Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccine|Biological: DTaP-IPV-HBV|Biological: Hib|Biological: rotavirus|Biological: Pneumococcal 7-valent Conjugate Vaccine|Biological: HAV|Biological: MMR
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Pardoprunox in early Parkinson's disease: results from 2 large, randomized double-blind trials.  This report presents the results of 2 randomized trials-Rembrandt and Vermeer-on the efficacy and safety of pardoprunox in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Patients with Parkinson's disease with a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Motor score ≥ 10 and modified Hoehn and Yahr stage ≤ 3 were randomized to pardoprunox (fixed doses of 6 mg/day [n = 115] or 12 mg/day [n = 118] or a flexible-dose range of 12-42 mg/day [n = 116]) or placebo (n = 119) in Rembrandt and pardoprunox 12-42 mg/day (n = 108), pramipexole 1.5-4.5 mg/day (n = 116), or placebo (n = 110) in Vermeer. Pardoprunox showed a significant benefit over placebo in the primary efficacy variable, least-square mean change from baseline in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Motor score: Rembrandt-fixed doses of 6 and 12 mg/day, -6.0 and -4.7 points, respectively; flexible-dose 12-42 mg/day, -5.5 points; placebo, -2.9 points; Vermeer-flexible-dose 12-42 mg/day, -4.9 points; placebo, -2.5 points; pramipexole, -5.7 points. No minimum effective dose was established. Secondary efficacy parameters supported the results of the primary efficacy variable. Pardoprunox tolerability was dose related: flexible-dose 12-42 mg/day showed the highest dropout rate due to treatment-emergent adverse events (Rembrandt, 56.0%; Vermeer, 46.3%) and overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (Rembrandt, 97.4%; Vermeer, 92.6%), primarily due to nausea, somnolence, and dizziness. Because pardoprunox showed similar efficacy across all dose groups, these observations suggest that the 12-42 mg/day dose range was higher than therapeutically required. Furthermore, the early onset of treatment-emergent adverse events and dropouts observed for pardoprunox suggest that titration was too rapid. Pardoprunox significantly improved motor symptoms in patients with early Parkinson's disease, but further investigation into the dose and titration schedule is required to improve tolerability. Output:

conditions: Early Stage Parkinson Disease
interventions: Drug: Pardaprunox|Drug: pramipexole|Drug: Placebo Comparator
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Thigh-length versus below-knee compression elastic stockings for prevention of the postthrombotic syndrome in patients with proximal-venous thrombosis: a randomized trial.  Although below-knee compression elastic stockings (CES) are effective for the prevention of the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), a substantial number of patients with deep venous thrombosis still develop PTS. In the present open-label, randomized clinical trial, we compared thigh-length with below-knee CES for the prevention of PTS. A total of 267 patients with the first episode of proximal deep venous thrombosis were randomized to wear either thigh-length or below-knee CES for 2 years. After 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months, they were assessed for PTS manifestations according to the Villalta scale. PTS developed in 44 (32.6%) of the 135 patients randomized to thigh-length CES and in 47 (35.6%) of the 132 allocated to below-knee CES, for an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.41). Severe PTS developed in 3 patients in each group. CES-related side effects developed in 55 (40.7%) of the 135 patients allocated to thigh-length CES and in 36 (27.3%) of those randomized to the below-knee group (P = .017), and led to premature discontinuation of their use in 29 (21.5%) and 18 (13.6%) patients, respectively. We conclude that thigh-length CES do not offer a better protection against PTS than below-knee CES and are less well tolerated. Output:

conditions: Deep Vein Thrombosis
interventions: Device: Elastic stockings
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A pilot, 8-week, placebo lead-in trial of quetiapine extended release for depression in midlife women: impact on mood and menopause-related symptoms.  Perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women have shown an increased risk for developing depression (new onset or recurrent); concomitant vasomotor and other menopause-related complaints significantly affect quality of life and overall functioning. This study examined the effects of quetiapine extended release (XR) in midlife women with major depressive disorder who also reported significant menopause-related symptoms. Forty eligible women with major depressive disorder entered a 2-week, placebo lead-in phase, followed by an 8-week open trial with quetiapine XR, flexible dose, 150-300 mg/d. The primary outcome measure (depressive symptoms) was assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. Other measures included menopause symptoms (Greene Climacteric Scale total scores and subscores) and the impact of hot flashes on functioning (Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale). Weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels were monitored. Data from 24 subjects (modified intent-to-treat, last observation carried forward; quetiapine XR mean dose, 191 [SD, 55] mg/d) showed improvement in depressive and menopause-related symptoms, that is, reduction in MADRS, GCS, and Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale scores (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Seventeen subjects were considered responders (>50% reduction in MADRS scores); 15 achieved remission (MADRS<10). Main adverse effects included drowsiness and dry mouth. Based on these preliminary results, quetiapine XR should be further examined in larger, controlled trials for the management of depressed, symptomatic midlife women. Output:

conditions: Major Depressive Disorder|Insomnia|Hot Flashes
interventions: Drug: Quetiapine Extended Release
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Optimized perioperative analgesia reduces chronic phantom limb pain intensity, prevalence, and frequency: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial.  Severe preamputation pain is associated with phantom limb pain (PLP) development in limb amputees. We investigated whether optimized perioperative analgesia reduces PLP at 6-month follow-up. A total of 65 patients underwent lower-limb amputation and were assigned to five analgesic regimens: (1) Epi/Epi/Epi patients received perioperative epidural analgesia and epidural anesthesia; (2) PCA/Epi/Epi patients received preoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), postoperative epidural analgesia, and epidural anesthesia; (3) PCA/Epi/PCA patients received perioperative intravenous PCA and epidural anesthesia; (4) PCA/GA/PCA patients received perioperative intravenous PCA and general anesthesia (GA); (5) controls received conventional analgesia and GA. Epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA started 48 h preoperatively and continued 48 h postoperatively. The results of the visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were recorded perioperatively and at 1 and 6 months. At 6 months, median (minimum-maximum) PLP and P values (intervention groups vs. control group) for the visual analog scale were as follows: 0 (0-20) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P = 0.001), 0 (0-42) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.014), 20 (0-40) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.532), 0 (0-30) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.008), and 20 (0-58) for controls. The values for the McGill Pain Questionnaire were as follows: 0 (0-7) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P < 0.001), 0 (0-9) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.003), 6 (0-11) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.208), 0 (0-9) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.003), and 7 (0-15) for controls. At 6 months, PLP was present in 1 of 13 Epi/Epi/Epi, 4 of 13 PCA/Epi/Epi, and 3 of 13 PCA/GA/PCA patients versus 9 of 12 control patients (P = 0.001, P = 0.027, and P = 0.009, respectively). Residual limb pain at 6 months was insignificant. Optimized epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA, starting 48 h preoperatively and continuing for 48 h postoperatively, decreases PLP at 6 months. Output:

conditions: Phantom Limb Pain
interventions: Procedure: perioperative epidural catheter
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of paliperidone extended-release in the treatment of acute mania: a randomized, double-blind, dose-response study.  Atypical antipsychotics are effective in the treatment of bipolar I disorder. In this 3-week double-blind study, the efficacy and safety of paliperidone extended-release (ER) tablets were assessed in patients with acute mania. Patients experiencing a manic or mixed episode (Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS] total score ≥20), were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 fixed doses of once-daily paliperidone ER (3, 6, or 12-mg), or placebo (1:1:1:1 ratio). In total, 469 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with paliperidone ER 3mg (n=112), 6 mg (n=120), or 12 mg (n=115); or placebo (n=122). Mean (SD) change in YMRS total score from baseline to the 3-week endpoint (primary variable) was statistically significantly different for the paliperidone ER 12 mg group (-13.5 [9.17], p=0.025), but not the 6 mg (-11.4 [9.98], p=0.57) or 3mg (-9.1 [11.18], p=0.79) groups compared with placebo (-10.1 [10.21]). Headache was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event (17% total paliperidone ER versus 12% placebo). A statistically significant (p=0.0032) treatment-by-country interaction occurred, which confounded interpretation of study results. Paliperidone ER and placebo did not differ statistically for the primary efficacy variable among patients from the United States sites (74% of the intent-to-treat analysis set). Paliperidone ER 12 mg/day was superior to placebo in the treatment of acute mania. Change from baseline in YMRS total score increased with the dose of paliperidone ER. Paliperidone ER was generally tolerated by patients with bipolar I disorder and no new safety signal was detected. Output:

conditions: Bipolar Disorder|Mood Disorders
interventions: Drug: Paliperidone extended-release
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Sotrastaurin, a novel small molecule inhibiting protein-kinase C: randomized phase II study in renal transplant recipients.  Sotrastaurin, a selective protein-kinase-C inhibitor, blocks early T-cell activation through a calcineurin-independent mechanism. In this study, de novo renal transplant recipients with immediate graft function were randomized 1:2 to tacrolimus (control, n = 44) or sotrastaurin (300 mg b.i.d.; n = 81). All patients received basiliximab, mycophenolic acid (MPA) and steroids. The primary endpoint was the composite of treated biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), graft loss, death or lost to follow-up at month 3. The main safety assessment was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) at month 3. Composite efficacy failure at month 3 was higher for the sotrastaurin versus control regimen (25.7% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.001), driven by higher BPAR rates (23.6% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.003), which led to early study termination. Median (± standard deviation [SD]) eGFR was higher for sotrastaurin versus control at all timepoints from day 7 (month 3: 59.0 ± 22.3 vs. 49.5 ± 17.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2) , p = 0.006). The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (control: 63.6%; sotrastaurin: 88.9%) which led to study-medication discontinuation in two sotrastaurin patients. This study demonstrated a lower degree of efficacy but better renal function with the calcineurin-inhibitor-free regimen of sotrastaurin+MPA versus the tacrolimus-based control. Ongoing studies are evaluating alternative sotrastaurin regimens. Output:

conditions: Kidney Transplantation
interventions: Drug: AEB071
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Probiotic prophylaxis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a blinded, randomized, controlled trial.  Enteral administration of probiotics may modify the gastrointestinal environment in a manner that preferentially favors the growth of minimally virulent species. It is unknown whether probiotic modification of the upper aerodigestive flora can reduce nosocomial infections. To determine whether oropharyngeal and gastric administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 146 mechanically ventilated patients at high risk of developing VAP. Patients were randomly assigned to receive enteral probiotics (n = 68) or an inert inulin-based placebo (n = 70) twice a day in addition to routine care. Patients treated with Lactobacillus were significantly less likely to develop microbiologically confirmed VAP compared with patients treated with placebo (40.0 vs. 19.1%; P = 0.007). Although patients treated with probiotics had significantly less Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea than patients treated with placebo (18.6 vs. 5.8%; P = 0.02), the duration of diarrhea per episode was not different between groups (13.2 ± 7.4 vs. 9.8 ± 4.9 d; P = 0.39). Patients treated with probiotics had fewer days of antibiotics prescribed for VAP (8.6 ± 10.3 vs. 5.6 ± 7.8 d; P = 0.05) and for C. difficile-associated diarrhea (2.1 ± 4.8 SD d vs. 0.5 ± 2.3 d; P = 0.02). No adverse events related to probiotic administration were identified. These pilot data suggest that L. rhamnosus GG is safe and efficacious in preventing VAP in a select, high-risk ICU population. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00613795). Output:

conditions: Pneumonia|Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
interventions: Dietary Supplement: Lactobacillus GG|Dietary Supplement: placebo