owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Capsule endoscopy versus colonoscopy for the detection of polyps and cancer.  An ingestible capsule consisting of an endoscope equipped with a video camera at both ends was designed to explore the colon. This study compared capsule endoscopy with optical colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal polyps and cancer. We performed a prospective, multicenter study comparing capsule endoscopy with optical colonoscopy (the standard for comparison) in a cohort of patients with known or suspected colonic disease for the detection of colorectal polyps or cancer. Patients underwent an adapted colon preparation, and colon cleanliness was graded from poor to excellent. We computed the sensitivity and specificity of capsule endoscopy for polyps, advanced adenoma, and cancer. A total of 328 patients (mean age, 58.6 years) were included in the study. The capsule was excreted within 10 hours after ingestion and before the end of the lifetime of the battery in 92.8% of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity of capsule endoscopy for detecting polyps that were 6 mm in size or bigger were 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59 to 72) and 84% (95% CI, 81 to 87), respectively, and for detecting advanced adenoma, the sensitivity and specificity were 73% (95% CI, 61 to 83) and 79% (95% CI, 77 to 81), respectively. Of 19 cancers detected by colonoscopy, 14 were detected by capsule endoscopy (sensitivity, 74%; 95% CI, 52 to 88). For all lesions, the sensitivity of capsule endoscopy was higher in patients with good or excellent colon cleanliness than in those with fair or poor colon cleanliness. Mild-to-moderate adverse events were reported in 26 patients (7.9%) and were mostly related to the colon preparation. The use of capsule endoscopy of the colon allows visualization of the colonic mucosa in most patients, but its sensitivity for detecting colonic lesions is low as compared with the use of optical colonoscopy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00604162.) Output:

conditions: Colonic Diseases
interventions: Device: PillCam COLON|Procedure: Standard colonoscopy
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Treatment with plerixafor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients to increase the number of peripheral blood stem cells when given a mobilizing regimen of G-CSF: implications for the heavily pretreated patient.  We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of combining granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at standard doses with plerixafor, a CXCR4 inhibitor, to mobilize stem cells in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with NHL and MM underwent mobilization with G-CSF (10 microg/kg/day) for up to 9 days and plerixafor (240 microg/kg/day), which started on the evening of day 4. Apheresis began on day 5 and continued daily until either >or= 5 x 10(6) CD34/kg were collected or to a maximum of 5 aphereses. Toxicities, increase in circulating CD34 cells/microL before and after the first dose of plerixafor, percentage of patients collecting >or= 5 x 10(6) CD34/kg, total CD34 cells/kg collected, engraftment, and exploratory efficacy analyses in heavily pretreated patients were examined. Six sites enrolled 49 patients (NHL, 23; MM, 26). All completed mobilization and 47 of 49 (96%) underwent transplant. Circulating CD34 cells/microL increased by 2.5-fold (1.3-6.0-fold) after the first plerixafor dose. The median CD34 cells/kg collected was 5.9 x 10(6) (1.5-22.5) in 2 (1-5) days of aphereses. Median days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 11 (8-16) and 14.5 (7-39) days, respectively. Adverse events primarily were mild nausea and diarrhea (n=24). Twenty-eight (57%) were identified as heavily pretreated patients. Their median fold increase in circulating CD34 cells/microL was 2.5 (1.4-5.0) after plerixafor, similar to minimally pretreated patients. Plerixafor and G-CSF increased circulating CD34 cells/microL and led to the adequate collection of stem cells for autotransplant in 96% of the patients. This combination may have particular value in heavily pretreated patients. Output:

conditions: Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin|Multiple Myeloma
interventions: Drug: G-CSF Plus Plerixafor
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and immunogenicity following administration of a live, attenuated monovalent 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine to children and adults in two randomized controlled trials.  The safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a monovalent intranasal 2009 A/H1N1 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) were evaluated in children and adults. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were completed in children (2-17 y) and adults (18-49 y). Subjects were assigned 4:1 to receive 2 doses of H1N1 LAIV or placebo 28 days apart. The primary safety endpoint was fever ≥38.3°C during days 1-8 after the first dose; the primary immunogenicity endpoint was the proportion of subjects experiencing a postdose seroresponse. Solicited symptoms and adverse events were recorded for 14 days after each dose and safety data were collected for 180 days post-final dose. In total, 326 children (H1N1 LAIV, n = 261; placebo, n = 65) and 300 adults (H1N1 LAIV, n = 240; placebo, n = 60) were enrolled. After dose 1, fever ≥38.3°C occurred in 4 (1.5%) pediatric vaccine recipients and 1 (1.5%) placebo recipient (rate difference, 0%; 95% CI: -6.4%, 3.1%). No adults experienced fever following dose 1. Seroresponse rates in children (H1N1 LAIV vs. placebo) were 11.1% vs. 6.3% after dose 1 (rate difference, 4.8%; 95% CI: -9.6%, 13.8%) and 32.0% vs. 14.5% after dose 2 (rate difference, 17.5%; 95% CI: 5.5%, 27.1%). Seroresponse rates in adults were 6.1% vs. 0% (rate difference, 6.1%; 95% CI: -5.6%, 12.6%) and 14.9% vs. 5.6% (rate difference, 9.3%; 95% CI: -0.8%, 16.3%) after dose 1 and dose 2, respectively. Solicited symptoms after dose 1 (H1N1 LAIV vs. placebo) occurred in 37.5% vs. 32.3% of children and 41.7% vs. 31.7% of adults. Solicited symptoms occurred less frequently after dose 2 in adults and children. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. In subjects aged 2 to 49 years, two doses of H1N1 LAIV have a safety and immunogenicity profile similar to other previously studied and efficacious formulations of seasonal trivalent LAIV. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00946101, NCT00945893. Output:

conditions: Healthy
interventions: Biological: MEDI3414 [Influenza A/H1N1 live attenuated, intranasal]|Other: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A randomized, parallel group, double-blind, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of Avandamet (rosiglitazone/metformin) and metformin on long-term glycaemic control and bone mineral density after 80 weeks of treatment in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate if superior glycaemic control could be achieved with Avandamet® (rosiglitazone/metformin/AVM) compared with metformin (MET) monotherapy, and if glycaemic effects attained with AVM are durable over 18 months of treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone biomarkers were evaluated in a subgroup of patients. This was a phase IV, randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study in 688, drug naÏve, male and female patients who had an established clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio either to AVM or MET. As initial therapy in patients with T2DM, AVM was superior to MET in achieving statistically significant reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (p < 0.0001) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p < 0.001), with more patients reaching recommended HbA1c and FPG targets for intensive glycaemic control. The glycaemic effects attained with AVM compared to MET monotherapy were durable over 18 months of treatment. In the bone substudy, AVM was associated with a significantly lower BMD in comparison with MET at week 80 in the lumbar spine and total hip (p < 0.0012 and p = 0.0005, respectively). Between-treatment differences were not statistically significant for distal one-third of radius BMD, femoral neck BMD or total BMD. Superior glycaemic control was achieved with AVM compared with MET monotherapy. The superior glycaemic effects were shown to be durable over 18 months of treatment. AVM was associated with a significantly reduced BMD in comparison with MET at week 80 in the lumbar spine and total hip. Output:

conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
interventions: Drug: Avandamet 6 mg/1500 mg (ttd)|Drug: Avandamet 4 mg/1000 mg (ttd)|Drug: Avandamet 2 mg/500 mg (ttd)|Drug: Avandamet 8 mg/ 2000 mg (ttd)|Drug: Metformin 500 mg (ttd)|Drug: Metformin 1000 mg (ttd)|Drug: Metformin 1500 mg (ttd)|Drug: Metformin 2000 mg (ttd)
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:p-Cresyl sulfate serum concentrations in haemodialysis patients are reduced by the prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin.  Protein-bound uraemic retention solutes, including p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate, contribute substantially to the uraemic syndrome. These and several other uraemic retention solutes originate from intestinal bacterial protein fermentation. We investigated whether the prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin reduced serum concentration of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate, through interference with intestinal generation. We performed a single centre, non-randomized, open-label phase I/II study in maintenance HD patients with a 4-week, escalating dose regimen of oligofructose-enriched inulin (ORAFTI Synergy 1, Tienen, Belgium) (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00695513). Changes in p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate serum concentrations as well as changes in p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate generation rates were analysed. Compliance with therapy was excellent. p-Cresyl sulfate serum concentrations at 4 weeks were significantly reduced by 20% (intention to treat, P = 0.01; per protocol, P = 0.03). Also p-cresyl sulfate generation rates were reduced (P = 0.007). In contrast, neither indoxyl sulfate generation rates (P = 0.9) nor serum concentrations (P = 0.4) were significantly changed. The prebiotic oligofructose-inulin significantly reduced p-cresyl sulfate generation rates and serum concentrations in haemodialysis patients. Whether reduction of p-cresyl sulfate serum concentrations, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in HD patients, will result in improved cardiovascular outcomes remains to be proven. Output:

conditions: Chronic Kidney Disease
interventions: Dietary Supplement: BENEO synergy1
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Ingenol mebutate gel for actinic keratosis.  Actinic keratosis is a common precursor to sun-related squamous-cell carcinoma. Treating actinic keratoses and the surrounding skin area (i.e., field therapy) can eradicate clinical and subclinical actinic keratoses. Topical field therapy currently requires weeks or months of treatment. We investigated the efficacy and safety of a new topical field therapy for actinic keratosis, ingenol mebutate gel (0.015% for face and scalp and 0.05% for trunk and extremities). In four multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies, we randomly assigned patients with actinic keratoses on the face or scalp or on the trunk or extremities to receive ingenol mebutate or placebo (vehicle), self-applied to a 25-cm(2) contiguous field once daily for 3 consecutive days for lesions on the face or scalp or for 2 consecutive days for the trunk or extremities. Complete clearance (primary outcome) was assessed at 57 days, and local reactions were quantitatively measured. In a pooled analysis of the two trials involving the face and scalp, the rate of complete clearance was higher with ingenol mebutate than with placebo (42.2% vs. 3.7%, P<0.001). Local reactions peaked at day 4, with a mean maximum composite score of 9.1 on the local-skin-response scale (which ranges from 0 to 4 for six types of reaction, yielding a composite score of 0 to 24, with higher numbers indicating more severe reactions), rapidly decreased by day 8, and continued to decrease, approaching baseline scores by day 29. In a pooled analysis of the two trials involving the trunk and extremities, the rate of complete clearance was also higher with ingenol mebutate than with placebo (34.1% vs. 4.7%, P<0.001). Local skin reactions peaked between days 3 and 8 and declined rapidly, approaching baseline by day 29, with a mean maximum score of 6.8. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate in intensity and resolved without sequelae. Ingenol mebutate gel applied topically for 2 to 3 days is effective for field treatment of actinic keratoses. (Funded by LEO Pharma; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00742391, NCT00916006, NCT00915551, and NCT00942604.). Output:

conditions: Actinic Keratosis
interventions: Drug: PEP005 Gel|Drug: Vehicle Gel
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Laryngeal neuromonitoring and neurostimulation versus neurostimulation alone in thyroid surgery: a randomized clinical trial.  The aim of this study was to assess a prospective, randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing neurostimulation with laryngeal palpation (NSLP) of recurrent laringeal nerve (RLN) alone with NSLP associated with laryngeal neuromonitoring (LNM) to evaluate the ability of LNM in reducing the rates of RLN palsy. In all, 250 consecutive patients scheduled to have thyroidectomy were randomized to NSLP alone (NSLP group) or NSLP with LNM (LNM group). The primary endpoint was to assess the rate of RLN palsy. The incidence of palsy was 2.7% in the LMN group and 2.6% in the NSLP group. No significant statistical difference between the groups was observed either for permanent or for transient paralysis (respectively, Fisher's Exact test: p = 1.0 and p = 1.0). This RCT shows that the use of LNM during thyroidectomy does not reduce the rates of recurrent laryngeal injuries compared with NSLP alone. Output:

conditions: Thyroidectomy
interventions: Procedure: thyroidectomy
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A randomized, controlled study of autologous therapy with bone marrow-derived aldehyde dehydrogenase bright cells in patients with critical limb ischemia.  The safety and efficacy of direct intramuscular injections of aldehyde dehydrogenase bright (ALDH(br)) cells isolated from autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (ABMMNCs) and ABMMNCs were studied in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) who were not eligible for percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Many CLI patients are not candidates for current revascularization procedures, and amputation rates are high in these patients. Cell therapy may be a viable option for CLI patients. Safety was the primary objective and was evaluated by occurrence of adverse events. Efficacy, the secondary objective, was evaluated by assessment of Rutherford category, ankle-brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO(2)), quality of life, and pain. ALDH(br) cells and ABMMNCs were successfully administered to all patients. No therapy-related serious adverse events occurred. Patients treated with ALDH(br) cells (n = 11) showed significant improvements in Rutherford category from baseline to 12 weeks (mean, 4.09 ± 0.30 to 3.46 ± 1.04; P = 0.05) and in ABI at 6 (mean, 0.22 ± 0.19 to 0.30 ± 0.24; P = 0.02), and 12 weeks (mean, 0.36 ± 0.18; P = 0.03) compared with baseline. Patients in the ABMMNC group (n = 10) showed no significant improvements at 6 or 12 weeks in Rutherford category but did show improvement in ABI from baseline to 12 weeks (0.38 ± 0.06 to 0.52 ± 0.16; P = 0.03). No significant changes from baseline were noted in ischemic ulcer grade or TcPO(2) in either group. Administration of autologous ALDH(br) cells appears to be safe and warrants further study in patients with CLI. Output:

conditions: Critical Limb Ischemia|Peripheral Arterial Disease|Peripheral Vascular Disease
interventions: Procedure: ALDH-br bone marrow cells vs. mononuclear bone marrow cells