owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Analgesic efficacy of subcutaneous local anaesthetic wound infiltration in bilateral knee arthroplasty: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.  High-volume wound local infiltration analgesia is effective in knee arthroplasty, but the analgesic efficacy of subcutaneous wound infiltration has not been evaluated. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 16 patients undergoing bilateral knee arthroplasty with high-volume local infiltration analgesia in the deeper layers, saline or ropivacaine 2 mg/ml was infiltrated into the subcutaneous part of the wound in each knee along with the placement of multi-fenestrated catheters in the subcutaneous wound layers in both knees. Pain was assessed for 6 h post-operatively and for 3 h after a bolus injection given through the catheter 24 h post-operatively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were significantly lower from the knee infiltrated with ropivacaine compared with the knee infiltrated with saline in the subcutaneous layer of the wound, at rest (P<0.02), with flexion of the knee (P<0.04) and when the leg was straight and elevated (P<0.04). Twenty-four hours post-operatively, a decline in the VAS pain scores was observed in both groups, with no statistically significant difference between injection of ropivacaine or saline in the subcutaneously placed catheters (P>0.05). As part of a total wound infiltration analgesia intraoperative subcutaneous infiltration with ropivacaine in bilateral total knee arthroplasty is effective in early post-operative pain management, while a post-operative subcutaneous bolus administration through a multiholed catheter 24 h post-operatively did not show improved analgesia compared with the administration of saline. Output:

conditions: Pain, Postoperative
interventions: Drug: ropivacaine 0.2%, 50 mL|Drug: normal saline
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Aspiration coronary thrombectomy for acute myocardial infarction increases myocardial salvage: single center randomized study.  The aim of the study was to assess if aspiration thrombectomy in high risk patients with STEMI and angiographic evidence of thrombus may improve myocardial salvage. It is unclear if thrombus aspiration before percutaneous intervention (PCI) improves myocardial salvage. The trial was a prospective randomized study. The inclusion criteria were: first STEMI within 12 hr from symptoms onset, culprit lesion in left anterior descending or right coronary artery, culprit artery TIMI flow ≤ 2 and angiographic evidence of thrombus. The primary endpoint was myocardial salvage index (MSI) as assessed by (99m) Tc-sestamibi SPECT imaging. We randomized 137 patients (98 male, mean age 64.1 ± 12.5 years) either to aspiration thrombectomy followed by standard PCI with stent implantation (n = 67) or to standard primary PCI (n = 70). Index perfusion defect was similar in both study groups: 34.2% ± 13.1% in thrombectomy group versus 37.1% ± 12.0% in primary PCI group (P = 0.2). MSI was larger in aspiration thrombectomy group than in control patients [25.4% (IQR 13.5-44) vs. 18.5% (IQR 7.7-30.3) respectively, P = 0.02]. The final infarct size was smaller in patients treated with aspiration thrombectomy (23.1% ± 13.3% vs. 28.9% ± 10.2% in the control group, P = 0.002). Aspiration thrombectomy improves myocardial salvage in high risk STEMI patients with angiographic evidence of thrombus. Output:

conditions: Acute Myocardial Infarction
interventions: Procedure: Thrombectomy|Procedure: Primary angioplasty
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Intravenous buspirone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Buspirone, a partial 5HT(1A) agonist and D₂ and D₃ antagonist, has shown promising antiemetic efficacy when given parenterally in animal models, but its efficacy for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is unknown. To study the efficacy and dose-responsiveness of intravenous buspirone for the prevention of PONV. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in adults at moderate to high PONV risk undergoing surgery with a general anaesthetic. Patients were randomised to receive an intravenous dose of buspirone (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg) or placebo at the end of surgery. The primary endpoint was the cumulative 24-h PONV incidence (i.e. any nausea and/or vomiting). Vomiting included retching. Nausea was defined as a score of ≥ 4 on an 11-point verbal rating scale running from zero (no nausea) to ten (the worst nausea imaginable). A total of 257 patients received the study drug and fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the primary efficacy and safety analyses. With placebo, the mean 24-h PONV incidence was 49.0 % (90 % confidence interval [CI] 37.5-60.5 %). With buspirone, that incidence ranged from a mean of 40.8 % (29.3-52.4 %) in the 1 mg arm to 58.0 % (46.5-69.5 %) in the 0.3 mg arm (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). There was no difference between placebo and buspirone at any dose for any other efficacy endpoint, nor in the number or severity of adverse events or any other safety measures. We were unable to show that intravenous single-dose buspirone, at the tested dose-range, was effective at preventing PONV in surgical adult patients. The present study emphasises the difficulty in extrapolating from animal models of emesis to clinical efficacy in PONV. Output:

conditions: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
interventions: Drug: APD405|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Safety and tolerability of NVA237, a once-daily long-acting muscarinic antagonist, in COPD patients.  NVA237 is a novel once-daily inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist administered via a dry powder inhaler. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety, tolerability and bronchodilator efficacy of two doses of NVA237 (100 and 200 microg), versus placebo, in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1s [FEV(1)]>or=30% and <80% predicted and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity [FVC]<0.7, 30 min after inhalation of 80 microg ipratropium bromide). After appropriate washout periods, patients were randomized to treatment with NVA237 100 microg (n=92), NVA237 200 microg (n=98) or placebo (n=91) for 28 days. The primary objective was evaluation of safety, with efficacy measures included as secondary objectives. NVA237 was generally well tolerated and associated with a frequency and distribution of adverse events similar to placebo. Serious adverse events were uncommon and there was no evidence of adverse cardiovascular effects or unexpected events. Trough FEV(1) was significantly higher in those receiving NVA237 compared with placebo. For NVA237 100 microg the differences were 131 and 161 mL on Days 1 and 28, respectively (p<0.05), and for NVA237 200 microg the differences were 146 and 151 mL on Days 1 and 28, respectively (p<0.05). Peak FEV(1), FEV(1) at all timepoints up to 24h after dosing, and FEV(1) area under the curve during 5 min-5 h post-dosing were also significantly higher in both NVA237 groups, compared with placebo. Patients receiving NVA237 required fewer daily puffs of rescue medication and had a higher percentage of days on which rescue medication was not required. Overall, the present study provides further evidence of the safety, tolerability and bronchodilator efficacy of once-daily treatment with NVA237 100 and 200 microg in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Output:

conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
interventions: Drug: NVA237 100 Âµg|Drug: Placebo|Drug: NVA237 200 Âµg
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Effects of fenoldopam infusion in complex cardiac surgical operations: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.  Fenoldopam mesylate is a short-acting dopamine-1 agonist that has been suggested to be a possible reno-protective agent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The present study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial conducted to determine the effects of fenoldopam in a population of patients undergoing complex cardiac operations. Eighty subjects undergoing complex cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned either to the fenoldopam (0.1 microg . kg-1. min-1) or the placebo group. Fenoldopam infusion started at the onset of CPB and was maintained for the first twelve postoperative hours. CPB parameters and renal outcome data were collected. Patients in the fenoldopam group had higher oxygen delivery during CPB and a significantly lower perfusion pressure, although this parameter was still within the normal range. Blood lactate concentrations during CPB were similar in the two groups. Urine output during and after CPB did not differ between groups, nor did the renal function parameters. There was a significantly higher rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the placebo group (10% vs 0%). In the subgroup of patients requiring inotropic support for more than 48 hours, renal function parameters were significantly better, the peak arterial blood lactate was significantly lower, and the major morbidity rate was significantly lower (36% vs 100%) for patients who received fenoldopam. Fenoldopam improves the quality of perfusion during CPB. In patients receiving catecholamines to treat a postoperative low cardiac output state, fenoldopam significantly improves renal function and prevents AKI and major morbidity. Output:

conditions: Cardiac Complications|Cardiopulmonary Bypass
interventions: Drug: Fenoldopam mesilate|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:No effect of epoprostenol on right ventricular diameter in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial.  Right ventricular dilatation in the setting of acute pulmonary embolism is associated with an adverse prognosis. Treatment with a pulmonary vasodilator has never been studied systematically. We evaluated the effect of epoprostenol on right ventricular diameter and function in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and right ventricular dilatation. In a randomized, single-blind study, 14 patients with acute pulmonary embolism received epoprostenol or placebo infusion for 24 hours on top of conventional treatment. Effects on right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricle fractional area change and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were assessed by serial echocardiography. Furthermore Troponin T and NT-proBNP were measured serially. Compared to placebo, epoprostenol was associated with a relative change from baseline in right ventricular end-diastolic diameter of +2% after 2.5 hours and -8% after 24 hours. Epoprostenol did not have a significant effect on systolic pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular fractional area change and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, nor on biochemical parameters. In patients with acute pulmonary embolism and right ventricular overload, treatment with epoprostenol did not improve right ventricular dilatation or any other measured variables of right ventricular overload. URL: NCT01014156Medical ethical committee: Medisch-ethische toetsingscommissie (METc) from the VUmc (free university medical centre). Output:

conditions: Acute Pulmonary Embolism
interventions: Drug: epoprostenol
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:3g mesalazine granules are superior to 9mg budesonide for achieving remission in active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised trial.  Budesonide may be an effective therapy for mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to demonstrate non-inferiority for oral 9mg budesonide once daily (OD) versus 3g mesalazine granules OD. This was an eight-week randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, multicentre study in which patients with mild-to-moderately active UC, defined as Clinical Activity Index (CAI) ≥6 and Endoscopic Index (EI) ≥4, received budesonide (Budenofalk® 3mg capsules×3) or mesalazine (Salofalk® 1000mg granules×3). The primary endpoint was clinical remission at week 8 (CAI ≤4 with stool frequency and rectal bleeding subscores of "0"). 343 patients were randomised (177 budesonide, 166 mesalazine). Fewer patients achieved the primary endpoint with budesonide versus mesalazine (70/177 [39.5%] versus 91/166 [54.8%]) with a difference in proportions of -15.3% (95% CI [-25.7%, -4.8%]; p=0.520 for non-inferiority). The median time to first resolution of symptoms was 14.0 days (budesonide) and 11.0 days (mesalazine) (hazard ratio 1.19; 95% CI [0.94, 1.51]). Mucosal healing was observed in 54/177 (30.5%) budesonide patients versus 65/166 (39.2%) mesalazine patients, a difference of -8.6% (95% CI [-18.7%, 1.4%]; p=0.093). The incidences of adverse events (budesonide 26.6%, mesalazine 25.3%) and serious adverse events (budesonide 1.7%, mesalazine 1.2%) were similar. Once-daily 3g mesalazine administered as granules is superior to 9mg budesonide OD administered as capsules for achieving remission in mild-to-moderately active UC. However, it is noteworthy that remission of UC was attained in about 40% of budesonide-treated patients with a rapid onset of resolution. Output:

conditions: Colitis, Ulcerative
interventions: Drug: budesonide|Drug: mesalazine
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy comparison of levocetirizine vs montelukast in ragweed sensitized patients.  To date, no adequate data are available on direct comparison of the efficacy of levocetirizine, a recently approved histamine1-antihistamine, with that of a leukotriene antagonist in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms. To compare the efficacy of therapeutic doses of 5 mg of levocetirizine and 10 mg of montelukast in ragweed sensitized patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted between July and October 2006. Symptomatic patients with SAR were exposed to ragweed pollen under controlled conditions in an environmental exposure chamber for 4 to 5 hours after treatment with 5 mg of levocetirizine, 10 mg of montelukast, or matched placebo on 2 consecutive days. The mean change from baseline in pollen-induced rhinitis symptoms, expressed as a major symptoms complex (MSC) score (sum of scores for rhinorrhea, itchy nose, sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, and watery eyes), in period 1 (first 5 hours after first drug intake) was the primary efficacy outcome. A total of 611 patients were screened, of whom 403 were randomized to receive treatment (102 placebo, 152 levocetirizine, and 149 montelukast). The MSC score in period 1 was progressively decreased to a significantly greater extent in the levocetirizine group compared with the montelukast and placebo groups (adjusted mean differences, -2.18 [95% confidence interval, -3.35 to -1.01; P < .001] and -2.22 [95% confidence interval, -3.51 to -0.92; P < .001] for levocetirizine vs montelukast and vs placebo, respectively). The effect of 10 mg of montelukast was not significantly different compared with placebo. Levocetirizine also achieved a significantly faster onset of action within 2.5 hours of administration. Both products were well tolerated. This study in an environmental exposure chamber confirms the therapeutic efficacy of 5 mg of levocetirizine in improving symptoms of SAR, which was superior to 10 mg of montelukast. Output:

conditions: Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
interventions: Drug: Levocetirizine