owkin/medical_knowledge_from_extracts huggingface dataset:
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Efficacy and safety of CE-224,535, an antagonist of P2X7 receptor, in treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately controlled by methotrexate.  To evaluate efficacy and safety of CE-224,535, a selective P2X(7) receptor antagonist, versus placebo, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX). In our phase IIA study (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00628095; A6341009), patients aged ≥ 18 years with active RA were randomized to receive either CE-224,535 (500 mg bid) or placebo for 12 weeks; all patients continued a stable background dose of ≥ 7.5 mg MTX. The American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response rate (primary efficacy endpoint) was not significantly different from placebo for CE-224,535 (34.0% vs 36.2%; p = 0.591) at Week 12, or at any timepoint over the 12-week treatment period. There was no significant difference at Week 12 for the ACR20 response rate following subgroup analyses by age, sex, baseline disease activity, baseline duration of disease, geographic region, or concomitant use of steroids. ACR50/ACR70 response rates and change from baseline in Disease Activity Score 28-joint C-reactive protein (DAS28-3-CRP) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index for CE-224,535 were not significant at Week 12 versus placebo. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AE) were reported by 62.3% (CE-224,535) and 55.3% (placebo) of patients; the most common AE were nausea (11.3%, CE-224,535; 4.3%, placebo) and diarrhea (7.5%, CE-224,535; 4.3%, placebo). The proportion of patients discontinuing due to an AE was 9.4% (CE-224,535) and 6.4% (placebo); no deaths were reported. Serious AE occurred in 3.8% (CE-224,535) and 2.1% (placebo) of patients; none was considered treatment-related. CE-224,535 was not efficacious, compared with placebo, for the treatment of RA in patients with an inadequate response to MTX. CE-224,535 demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. Output:

conditions: Arthritis, Rheumatoid
interventions: Drug: CE-224,535|Drug: Placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Feasibility and outcome of epicardial pulmonary vein isolation for lone atrial fibrillation using minimal invasive surgery and high intensity focused ultrasound.  Transvenous pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of non-pharmacological rhythm control therapy in symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Success and complications rates are, however, still not optimal. New techniques and energy sources are therefore being developed. Fifteen patients with lone AF refractory for antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) underwent PVI by minimal invasive epicardial off-pump monolateral right-sided video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) using the UltraCinch with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Primary endpoint was successful ablation defined as absence of AF or atrial flutter/tachycardia after 6 months assessed by complaints, 12 lead electrocardiogram, and 96 h Holter monitoring. Secondary endpoints were ablation success at the end of follow-up irrespective of AADs use or re-ablation and complications related to the procedure. Mean age was 47 +/- 10 years and 14 (93%) were male. Eleven (73%) had paroxysmal, and 4 (27%) patients had persistent AF. Median AF history was 5 (1-12) years. At 6 months, six (40%) patients had sinus rhythm after one epicardial PVI (four on AADs). After 1.3 +/- 0.6 years, four (27%) patients had sinus rhythm after one epicardial PVI (two on AADs) and in six (40%) patients endocardial radiofrequency re-ablation was performed, which was successful in three patients (20%). Two patients (13%) were planned for re-ablation. Three others (20%) refused re-ablation. Two major complications occurred (one late tamponade and one bleeding during surgery, necessitating sternotomy). Epicardial PVI using monolateral right-sided VATS with the UltraCinch delivering HIFU is feasible, but is associated with substantial complications. Furthermore, the success rate was low. More research is therefore warranted to assess optimal ablation techniques and energy sources to perform PVI. Output:

conditions: Atrial Fibrillation
interventions: Procedure: ablation of pulmonary veins by video assisted thoracic surgery
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Aripiprazole augmentation in clozapine-treated patients with refractory schizophrenia: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.  Inadequate response to clozapine poses a substantial problem in the pharmaco-therapy of refractory schizophrenia. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole augmentation in clozapine-treated patients with refractory schizophrenia. Patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia who had a history of treatment failure or partial response to long-term clozapine treatment were recruited. A total of 62 patients with either a baseline Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score of at least 35 or more than 2 Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) global rating item scores of at least 3 were randomly assigned to double-blind augmentation treatment with either aripiprazole (5-30 mg/day) or placebo over 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in BPRS total score from baseline. The study was conducted between December 1, 2005, and December 10, 2006. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome measure between the 2 groups. In secondary analyses, improvement was significantly greater with aripiprazole treatment than with placebo for negative symptoms assessed by both the BPRS negative symptom sub-scale and the SANS total score but not for positive symptoms. Prolactin and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the aripiprazole group than in the placebo group. No significant differences between the 2 groups were observed in adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and serum glucose levels. Although aripiprazole augmentation of clozapine did not lead to a significant improvement of total symptom severity in schizophrenia, a favorable change in the negative symptom domain was observed. Output:

conditions: Schizophrenia
interventions: Drug: aripiprazole|Drug: placebo
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01E malaria candidate vaccine when integrated in the expanded program of immunization.  The RTS,S/AS01(E) malaria candidate vaccine is being developed for immunization of African infants through the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). This phase 2, randomized, open, controlled trial conducted in Ghana, Tanzania, and Gabon evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01(E) when coadministered with EPI vaccines. Five hundred eleven infants were randomized to receive RTS,S/AS01(E) at 0, 1, and 2 months (in 3 doses with diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis conjugate [DTPw]; hepatitis B [HepB]; Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib]; and oral polio vaccine [OPV]), RTS,S/AS01(E) at 0, 1, and 7 months (2 doses with DTPwHepB/Hib+OPV and 1 dose with measles and yellow fever), or EPI vaccines only. The occurrences of serious adverse events were balanced across groups; none were vaccine-related. One child from the control group died. Mild to moderate fever and diaper dermatitis occurred more frequently in the RTS,S/AS01(E) coadministration groups. RTS,S/AS01(E) generated high anti-circumsporozoite protein and anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels. Regarding EPI vaccine responses upon coadministration when considering both immunization schedules, despite a tendency toward lower geometric mean titers to some EPI antigens, predefined noninferiority criteria were met for all EPI antigens except for polio 3 when EPI vaccines were given with RTS,S/AS01(E) at 0, 1, and 2 months. However, when antibody levels at screening were taken into account, the rates of response to polio 3 antigens were comparable between groups. RTS,S/AS01(E) integrated in the EPI showed a favorable safety and immunogenicity evaluation. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00436007 . GlaxoSmithKline study ID number: 106369 (Malaria-050). Output:

conditions: Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
interventions: Biological: GSK Malaria vaccine 257049|Biological: Tritanrix HepBâ„¢/Hiberixâ„¢|Biological: Measles vaccine|Biological: Stamarilâ„¢|Biological: Polio Sabinâ„¢
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:A diabetes-specific enteral formula improves glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.  Well-controlled studies have demonstrated that inpatient hyperglycemia is an indicator of poor clinical outcomes, but the use of diabetes-specific enteral formulas in hospitalized patients remains a topic of great debate. In two different protocols, postprandial glycemia and insulinemia were measured in 22 subjects with diabetes fed a diabetes-specific or standard formula (protocol 1). Continuous glucose monitoring was used to assess glucose levels in 12 enterally fed patients with diabetes receiving the standard formula followed by the diabetes-specific formula continuously for 5 days each (protocol 2). End points included postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, glycemic variability (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE]), mean glucose, and insulin use. In the postprandial response protocol, the diabetes-specific formula resulted in lower positive areas under the postprandial curve (P < 0.001) and peak glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.017) levels. In the protocol using continuous glucose monitoring, glycemic variability (as measured by MAGE) was lower with continuous administration of the diabetes-specific than the standard formula (64.6 +/- 6.8 mg/dL vs. 110.6 +/-15.3 mg/dL, P = 0.003). Also, administration of the diabetes-specific formula resulted in lower mean glucose concentrations during feeding (171.1 +/- 16.1 vs. 202.1 +/- 17.4 mg/dL, P = 0.024) and insulin requirements (7.8 +/- 2.3 vs. 10.9 +/- 3.3 units/day, P = 0.039) than the standard formula. Relative to the standard formula, the diabetes-specific formula reduced postprandial glycemia, mean glucose, glycemic variability, and short-acting insulin requirements. These results suggest potential clinical usefulness of a diabetes-specific enteral formula for minimizing glycemic excursions in hospitalized patients. Output:

conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
interventions: Other: enteral nutritional formula|Other: Diabetes specific enteral product
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Pertubation with lignocaine as a new treatment of dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis: a randomized controlled trial.  Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology that can cause severe dysmenorrhea. Lignocaine has anti-inflammatory properties and exerts effects on nerve endings and intra-peritoneal macrophages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pertubation with Ringer-Lignocaine on dysmenorrhea in women with endometriosis. A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried out at three sites in Stockholm, Sweden. Eligible patients had endometriosis as diagnosed by laparoscopy, dysmenorrhoic pain >VAS 50 mm (visual analogue scale) and patent Fallopian tubes. The study patients were randomized sequentially to preovulatory pertubations with placebo (n= 18) or study treatment (n= 24) during three consecutive menstrual cycles. The pertubation procedure comprised passing study solution through the uterine cavity and the Fallopian tubes via an intra-cervical balloon catheter. The effect on pain was evaluated with VAS scales before and after the treatments and up to nine menstrual cycles after the last pertubation. Success was defined as a reduction of ≥ 50% on the VAS scale after the third pertubation. The success rate between the treatment and the placebo group was compared with Fisher's exact test. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the success rate was 41.7% (10 of 24) in the treatment group compared with 16.7% (3 of 18) in the placebo group (P= 0.10, 95% CI -7.3 to 36.2%). In the per protocol analysis, the success rate in the treatment group was 45% (9 of 20) compared with 7.1% (1 of 14) in the placebo group (P= 0.024, 95% CI -2.6 to 44.8%). Of the nine patients in the lignocaine group who fulfilled the criteria for success after three pertubations, 4 (44%) had an effect persisting after nine months. The treatments were well tolerated. This small RCT indicates that pertubation with lignocaine is a non-hormonal treatment option for patients with dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01329796. Output:

conditions: Endometriosis|Dysmenorrhea
interventions: Drug: Lignocaine|Drug: Ringers Solution
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Accelerated insulin pharmacokinetics and improved postprandial glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes after coadministration of prandial insulins with hyaluronidase.  To compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of insulin lispro or regular human insulin (RHI) with or without recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) administered before a standardized meal. In this four-way, crossover study, 22 patients with type 1 diabetes received injections of individually optimized doses of lispro or RHI with and without rHuPH20 before a liquid meal. With rHuPH20 coadministration, early insulin exposure (0-60 min) increased by 54% (P = 0.0011) for lispro and 206% (P < 0.0001) for RHI compared with the respective insulin alone. Peak blood glucose decreased 26 mg/dL for lispro (P = 0.002) and 24 mg/dL for RHI (P = 0.017), reducing hyperglycemic excursions (area under the curve for blood glucose >140 mg/dL) by 79% (P = 0.09) and 85% (P = 0.049), respectively. Rates of hypoglycemia were comparable for lispro with or without rHuPH20, whereas coadministration of RHI and rHuPH20 reduced hypoglycemia. Lispro or RHI with rHuPH20 produced earlier and greater peak insulin concentrations and improved postprandial glycemic control. Output:

conditions: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
interventions: Drug: Humalog, Humulin R, rHuPH20
Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below.

```TypeScript

 { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract
 conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial
 drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial
}
```


Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags.



Input:Synthetic conjugated estrogens-B and postmenopausal nocturnal vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trial.  To evaluate two doses of oral synthetic conjugated estrogens-B tablets compared with placebo on the frequency of awakenings resulting from nocturnal vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women over a 12-week treatment period. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study enrolled a total of 157 women who were experiencing daytime vasomotor symptoms and a minimum of at least three nocturnal awakenings per night as a result of hot flushes. Participants were evenly randomized to one of three treatment groups (0.3 mg, 0.625 mg, or matching placebo) and treated for up to 12 weeks. Subjective sleep quality also was assessed. Significantly greater reductions from baseline in the weekly mean frequency of awakenings resulting from hot flushes occurred for participants randomized to either synthetic conjugated estrogens-B dose relative to placebo (mean reductions, 3.55, P=.004, and 4.65, P<.001 for 0.3 mg and 0.625 mg, respectively). In addition, a significantly greater proportion of participants at either estrogen dose had complete elimination of nocturnal awakenings (36.5% for 0.3 mg, 34% for 0.625 mg compared with 9.8% for placebo; P ≤.002) with a general finding of improved sleep based on actigraphy data. No differences were observed in measures of sleep quality or daytime sleepiness. In this symptomatic postmenopausal population of women experiencing sleep disruption resulting from nocturnal vasomotor symptoms, a daily dose of synthetic conjugated estrogens-B as low as 0.3 mg appears to be effective in treating nocturnal hot flushes that lead to unwanted awakenings. ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00592839. Output:

conditions: Nocturnal Vasomotor Symptoms
interventions: Drug: SCE-B|Drug: Placebo