Tokenizer Fertility and Zero-Shot Performance of Foundation Models on Ukrainian Legal Text: A Comparative Study
Paper • 2605.14890 • Published
Datasets:
model stringclasses 6
values | language stringclasses 24
values | fertility float64 1.21 5.73 ⌀ | domain stringclasses 2
values | source stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Llama 4 Maverick | Bulgarian | 1.864 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Croatian | 2.116 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Czech | 2.033 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Danish | 1.76 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Dutch | 1.551 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | English | 1.217 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Estonian | 2.537 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Finnish | 2.69 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | French | 1.402 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | German | 1.578 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Greek | 2.292 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Hungarian | 2.214 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Irish | 2.147 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Italian | 1.491 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Latvian | 2.518 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Lithuanian | 2.483 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Maltese | 3.22 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Polish | 1.879 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Portuguese | 1.379 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Slovak | 2.134 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Slovenian | 2.103 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Spanish | 1.329 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Swedish | 1.738 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 4 Maverick | Ukrainian | 2.158 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Bulgarian | 2.572 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Croatian | 2.458 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Czech | 2.09 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Danish | 1.998 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Dutch | 1.864 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | English | 1.223 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Estonian | 3.021 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Finnish | 3.361 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | French | 1.655 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | German | 1.967 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Greek | 2.524 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Hungarian | 3.073 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Irish | 2.414 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Italian | 1.835 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Latvian | 3.389 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Lithuanian | 3.328 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Maltese | 3.393 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Polish | 2.6 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Portuguese | 1.692 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Slovak | 2.545 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Slovenian | 2.44 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Spanish | 1.597 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Swedish | 2.067 | news | SIB-200 |
Llama 3.3 70B | Ukrainian | 2.317 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Bulgarian | 2.842 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Croatian | 2.582 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Czech | 2.926 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Danish | 2.038 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Dutch | 1.892 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | English | 1.251 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Estonian | 3.075 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Finnish | 3.413 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | French | 1.665 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | German | 1.98 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Greek | 5.727 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Hungarian | 3.143 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Irish | 2.472 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Italian | 1.861 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Latvian | 3.42 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Lithuanian | 3.228 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Maltese | 3.236 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Polish | 2.472 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Portuguese | 1.699 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Slovak | 2.93 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Slovenian | 2.567 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Spanish | 1.611 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Swedish | 2.108 | news | SIB-200 |
Qwen3 32B | Ukrainian | 3.617 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Bulgarian | 2.047 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Croatian | 2.236 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Czech | 2.088 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Danish | 1.732 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Dutch | 1.56 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | English | 1.232 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Estonian | 2.644 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Finnish | 2.726 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | French | 1.402 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | German | 1.549 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Greek | 2.597 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Hungarian | 2.401 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Irish | 2.26 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Italian | 1.501 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Latvian | 2.655 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Lithuanian | 2.523 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Maltese | 2.886 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Polish | 2.002 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Portuguese | 1.403 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Slovak | 2.196 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Slovenian | 2.135 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Spanish | 1.307 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Swedish | 1.739 | news | SIB-200 |
Gemma 2 27B | Ukrainian | 2.349 | news | SIB-200 |
DeepSeek V3 | Bulgarian | 2.488 | news | SIB-200 |
DeepSeek V3 | Croatian | 2.476 | news | SIB-200 |
DeepSeek V3 | Czech | 2.345 | news | SIB-200 |
DeepSeek V3 | Danish | 2 | news | SIB-200 |
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Tokenizer Fertility Map
Cross-model tokenizer fertility measurements for Ukrainian legal text and subword analysis.
Description
Fertility measures how many tokens a tokenizer produces per character of input text. Lower fertility = more efficient tokenization. This dataset compares fertility across major LLM tokenizers on Ukrainian legal text from the EDRSR corpus.
Configs
- fertility (156 rows): per-model fertility scores across languages and domains
- subword_analysis (72 rows): subword segmentation patterns for Ukrainian legal terms
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