FIFTH SECTIONCASE OF DIDENKO v. UKRAINE(Application no. 5800/22)      JUDGMENT STRASBOURG28 March 2024 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.In the case of Didenko v. Ukraine,The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of: Mārtiņš Mits, President, Kateřina Šimáčková, Mykola Gnatovskyy, judges,and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,Having deliberated in private on 7 March 2024,Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:PROCEDURE1.  The case originated in an application against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on 11 January 2022.2.  The applicant was represented by Ms A.Y. Guk, a lawyer practising in Kyiv.3.  Notice of the application was given to the Ukrainian Government (“the Government”).THE FACTS4.  The applicant’s details and information relevant to the application are set out in the appended table.5.  The applicant complained that he had been deprived of an opportunity to comment on the appeal lodged by the defendants in his case.THE LAWALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 OF THE CONVENTION6.  The applicant complained that the principle of equality of arms had been breached on account of the domestic courts’ failure to serve appeals on him or otherwise inform him of the appeal lodged in his case. He relied on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.7.  The Court reiterates that the general concept of a fair trial, encompassing the fundamental principle that proceedings should be adversarial (see Ruiz-Mateos v. Spain, 23 June 1993, § 63, Series A no. 262), requires that the person against whom proceedings have been initiated should be informed of this fact (see Dilipak and Karakaya v. Turkey, nos. 7942/05 and 24838/05, § 77, 4 March 2014). The principle of equality of arms requires that each party should be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present his or her case under conditions that do not place him or her at a substantial disadvantage vis-à-vis his or her opponent (see Avotiņš v. Latvia [GC], no. 17502/07, § 119, ECHR 2016, and Dombo Beheer B.V. v. the Netherlands, 27 October 1993, § 33, Series A no. 274). Each party must be given the opportunity to have knowledge of and comment on the observations filed or evidence adduced by the other party, including the other party’s appeal. What is at stake is the litigants’ confidence in the workings of justice, which is based on, inter alia, the knowledge that they have had the opportunity to express their views on every document in the file (see Beer v. Austria, no. 30428/96, §§ 17‑18, 6 February 2001).8.  It may, therefore, be incumbent on the domestic courts to ascertain that their summonses or other documents have reached the parties sufficiently in advance and, where appropriate, record their findings in the text of the judgment (see Gankin and Others v. Russia, nos. 2430/06 et al, § 36, 31 May 2016). If court documents are not duly served on a litigant, then he or she might be prevented from defending him or herself in the proceedings (see Zavodnik v. Slovenia, no. 53723/13, § 70, 21 May 2015, with further references).9.  In the leading case of Lazarenko and Others v. Ukraine (no. 70329/12 and 5 others, 27 June 2017), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.10.  Having examined all the material submitted to it and lacking any evidence of proper notification of the applicant, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case‑law on the subject, the Court finds that by proceeding to consider the appeal lodged in the applicant’s case without attempting to ascertain whether it was served on the applicant or whether the applicant was informed of the appeal by any other means, the domestic courts deprived the applicant of the opportunity to comment on the appeal lodged in his case and fell short of their obligation to respect the principle of equality of arms enshrined in Article 6 of the Convention.11.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION12.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law, the Court considers it reasonable to award the sum indicated in the appended table.FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,Declares the application admissible;Holds that this application discloses a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention concerning the unfairness of the civil proceedings;Holds(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicant, within three months, the amount indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amount at a rate equal to the rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.​Done in English, and notified in writing on 28 March 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court. Viktoriya Maradudina Mārtiņš Mits Acting Deputy Registrar President  APPENDIXApplication raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention(failure to notify the applicant of the other party’s submissions or of a hearing)Application no.Date of introductionApplicant’s nameYear of birth Representative’s name and locationNature of the disputeFirst-instance hearing/ decision dateCourtAppeal hearing/ decision dateCourtDate of the decision on cassation appeal, if applicableCourtAmount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1]5800/2211/01/2022Dmytro Mykhaylovych DIDENKO1985 Guk Alyona YuriyivnaKyivrecovery of a loan19/06/2019 Obolonskyy Local Court of Kyiv09/11/2020 Kyiv Court of Appeal06/10/2021 Supreme Court500  [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicant.