UNITED NATIONS Citation, commencement, operation and extent 1 1 This Order may be cited as the Iraq (United Nations Sanctions) (Channel Islands) Order 2003 and shall come into force on 14th June 2003. 2 If the Security Council of the United Nations takes any decision which has the effect of cancelling or suspending the operation of the resolution adopted by it on 22nd May 2003, in whole or in part, this Order shall cease to have effect or its operation shall be suspended, in whole or in part, as the case may be, in accordance with that decision; and particulars of that decision shall be published by the Secretary of State in a notice in the London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes. 3 This Order shall extend to the Channel Islands so as to be law, respectively, in Guernsey and Jersey. 4 Articles 5, 6 and 8 shall apply to any person within the Channel Islands and to any person elsewhere who is— a a British citizen, a British overseas territories citizen, a British Overseas citizen, a British subject, a British National (Overseas) or a British protected person and is ordinarily resident in Guernsey or Jersey; or b a body incorporated or constituted under the law of any part of Guernsey or Jersey. Revocation 2 The Iraq and Kuwait (United Nations Sanctions) (Channel Islands) Order 1990 , the Iraq (United Nations) (Sequestration of Assets) (Guernsey) Order 1993 and the Iraq (United Nations) (Sequestration of Assets) (Jersey) Order 1993 are hereby revoked. Amendments 3 1 The Iraq (United Nations Sanctions) (Channel Islands) Order 2000 continues in effect and is amended as set out in Schedule 1 with effect from the date on which the committee referred to in paragraph 19 of resolution 1483 adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations on 22nd May 2003 identifies any person as an individual or entity falling within paragraph 23 of that resolution, which date shall be notified in the London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes. 2 The Afghanistan (United Nations Sanctions) (Channel Islands) Order 2001 and the Liberia (United Nations Sanctions) (Channel Islands) Order 2001 shall be amended by substituting for the words “Article 1(1) of the Banking Business (Jersey) Law 1991” which appear in the definition of “relevant institution” in article 2 of each Order, the words “Article 36(1) and the Second Schedule to the Proceeds of Crime (Jersey) Law 1999”. Interpretation 4 1 In this Order, unless the context otherwise requires— “Attorney General” means— in the application of this Order to Guernsey, the Attorney General or the Solicitor General for Guernsey; and in the application of this Order to Jersey, the Attorney General for Jersey; “Chief Revenue Officer” and “States Revenue Officer”, in the application of this Order to Guernsey, have the meanings they bear in the Customs and Excise (General Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1972 as amended; and States Revenue Officer, in the application of this Order to Jersey, means the Agent of the Impôts and any officer of the Impôts (and any person authorised by the Agent of the Impôts); “commander”, in relation to an aircraft, means the member of the flight crew designated as commander of the aircraft by the operator thereof, or, failing such a person, the person who is for the time being the pilot in command of the aircraft; “Development Fund for Iraq” means the Development Fund for Iraq referred to in resolution 1483 of the Security Council of the United Nations adopted on 22nd May 2003. “document” includes information recorded in any form, and in relation to information recorded otherwise than in legible form, references to its production include references to producing a copy of the information in legible form; “export” includes shipment as stores; “exportation” in relation to any ship, submersible vehicle or aircraft, includes the taking out of Guernsey or, as the case may be, Jersey of the ship, submersible vehicle or aircraft notwithstanding that it is conveying goods or passengers and whether or not it is moving under its own power; and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly; “Guernsey” means the Bailiwick of Guernsey; “Jersey” means the Bailiwick of Jersey; “licensing authority” means— in the case of Guernsey, the Attorney General for Guernsey; and in the case of Jersey, the Policy and Resources Committee of the States of Jersey; “master”, in relation to a ship, includes any person (other than a pilot) for the time being in charge of the ship; “operator”, in relation to an aircraft or vehicle, means the person for the time being having the management of the aircraft or vehicle; “owner”, where the owner of a ship is not the operator, means the operator and any person to whom it is chartered; “police officer” means— in relation to Guernsey, Herm and Jethou a member of the salaried police force of the Island of Guernsey, and, within the limits of his jurisdiction, a member of the special constabulary of the Island of Guernsey; in relation to Alderney, a member of the said police force, a member of any police force which may be established by the States of Guernsey and, within the limits of his jurisdiction, a member of the Alderney Special Constabulary established by section 46A of the Government of Alderney Law, 1987; in relation to Sark, the Constable, the Vingtenier and a member of the said salaried police force of the Island of Guernsey; and in relation to Jersey, a member of the Honorary Police or a member of the States of Jersey Police Force; “restricted goods” means the goods specified in Part III of Schedule 1 to the Export of Goods (Control) Order 1994 ; “ship” includes every description of vessel used in navigation; “shipment” (and cognate expressions) and “stores” shall— in the application of this Order to Guernsey have the meanings they bear in the Customs and Excise (General Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1972, as amended, and in the application of this Order to Jersey, have the meanings they bear in the Customs and Excise (Jersey) Law 1999, as amended; “the standard scale” means— in the application of this Order to Guernsey, the uniform scale specified for the time being in section 1 of the Uniform Scale of Fines (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1989, and in the application of this Order to Jersey, the standard scale of fines specified for the time being in the Schedule to the Criminal Justice (Standard Scale of Fines) (Jersey) Law 1993, as amended; “vehicle” means a land transport vehicle. 2 Any reference to an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom shall, in the case of a provision which has been extended to the Channel Islands or otherwise applies to the Channel Islands, be construed as a reference to that provision as it has effect there. RESTRICTED GOODS Supply of restricted goods 5 1 Any person who, except under the authority of a licence granted by the licensing authority under this article or article 6— a supplies or delivers; b agrees to supply or deliver; or c does any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of, restricted goods to any person in Iraq shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the goods in question were to be supplied or delivered to a person in Iraq. 2 Nothing in paragraph (1)(b) or (c) shall apply where the supply or delivery of the goods to the person concerned is authorised by a licence granted by the licensing authority under this article. Exportation of restricted goods to Iraq 6 Except under the authority of a licence granted by the licensing authority under this article, restricted goods are prohibited to be exported from any of the Channel Islands to any destination in Iraq or to any destination for the purpose of delivery, directly or indirectly, to or to the order of any person in Iraq. Use of ships, aircraft and vehicles: restricted goods 7 1 Without prejudice to the generality of article 5, and except under the authority of a licence granted by the licensing authority under this article, no ship or aircraft to which this article applies, and no vehicle within any of the Channel Islands shall be used for the carriage of restricted goods if the carriage is, or forms part of, carriage from any place outside Iraq to any destination therein. 2 This article applies to ships registered in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey, to aircraft registered in the United Kingdom and to any other ship or aircraft that is for the time being chartered to any person who is— a a British citizen, a British overseas territories citizen, a British Overseas citizen, a British subject, a British National (Overseas) or a British protected person and is ordinarily resident in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey; or b a body incorporated or constituted under the law of any part of Guernsey or Jersey. 3 If any ship, aircraft or vehicle is used in contravention of paragraph (1) then— a in the case of a ship registered in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey, or any aircraft registered in the United Kingdom, the owner and the master of the ship or, as the case may be, the operator and the commander of the aircraft; or b in the case of any other ship or aircraft, the person to whom the ship or aircraft is for the time being chartered and, if he is such a person as is referred to in sub-paragraph (a) or sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (2), the master of the ship or, as the case may be, the operator and the commander of the aircraft; or c in the case of a vehicle, the operator of the vehicle, shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the carriage of the goods in question was, or formed part of, carriage from any place outside Iraq to any destination therein. 4 Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply where the supply or delivery or exportation from Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey of the goods concerned to Iraq was authorised by a licence granted by the licensing authority under article 5 or 6. 5 Nothing in this article shall be construed so as to prejudice any other provision of law prohibiting or restricting the use of ships, aircraft or vehicles. ILLEGALLY REMOVED IRAQI CULTURAL PROPERTY Illegally removed Iraqi cultural property 8 1 The importation or exportation of any item of illegally removed Iraqi cultural property is prohibited. 2 Any person who holds or controls any item of illegally removed Iraqi cultural property must cause the transfer of that item to a police officer. Any person who fails to do so shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the item in question was illegally removed Iraqi cultural property. 3 Any person who deals in any item of illegally removed Iraqi cultural property shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the item in question was illegally removed Iraqi cultural property. 4 “Illegally removed Iraqi cultural property” means Iraqi cultural property and any other item of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance illegally removed from any location in Iraq since 6th August 1990. It is immaterial whether the removal was illegal under the law of any part of Guernsey or Jersey or of any other country or territory. 5 A person deals in an object if (and only if) he— a acquires, disposes of, imports or exports it, b agrees with another to do an act mentioned in paragraph (a), or c makes arrangements under which another person does such an act or under which another person agrees with a third person to do such an act. 6 In this article— “acquires” means buys, hires, borrows or accepts, “disposes of” means sells, lets on hire, lends or gives, and in relation to agreeing or arranging to do an act, it is immaterial whether the act is agreed or arranged to take place in the Channel Islands or elsewhere. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES Development Fund for Iraq 9 1 Except as provided for in paragraph (2), the Development Fund for Iraq, its property and assets wherever located and by whomsoever held (including any rights or obligations owed by or to the Development Fund for Iraq), shall have the like privileges and immunities as the United Nations under Part II of the United Nations and International Court of Justice (Privileges and Immunities) Order 1974 . 2 The Development Fund for Iraq shall not have immunity from suit and legal process concerning liability for damages in connection with an ecological accident, including an oil spill, which occurs after 22nd May 2003. Petroleum, petroleum products and natural gas 10 All petroleum, petroleum products and natural gas originating in Iraq shall have immunity from suit and legal process. Such immunity shall cease once title has passed to a purchaser. GENERAL Customs powers to demand evidence of destination which goods reach 11 Any exporter or any shipper of restricted goods which have been exported from Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey shall, if so required by the Chief Revenue Officer or a States Revenue Officer, furnish within such time as they may allow proof to their satisfaction that the goods have reached either— a a destination to which they were authorised to be exported by a licence granted under this Order; or b a destination to which their exportation was not prohibited by this Order, and, if he fails to do so, he shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he did not consent to or connive at the goods reaching any destination other than such a destination as aforesaid. Offences in connection with applications for licences, conditions attaching to licences, etc. 12 1 If for the purpose of obtaining any licence under this Order any person makes any statement or furnishes any document or information which to his knowledge is false in a material particular, or recklessly makes any statement or furnishes any document or information which is false in a material particular, he shall be guilty of an offence. 2 Any person who has done any act under the authority of a licence granted by the licensing authority under this Order and who fails to comply with any conditions attaching to that licence shall be guilty of an offence under this Order: Provided that no person shall be guilty of an offence under this paragraph where he proves that the condition with which he failed to comply was modified, otherwise than with his consent, by the licensing authority after the doing of the act authorised by the licence. Declaration as to goods: powers of search 13 1 Any person who is about to leave Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey shall, if he is required to do so by the Chief Revenue Officer or a States Revenue Officer— a declare whether or not he has with him any restricted goods which are destined for Iraq or for delivery, directly or indirectly, to or to the order of any person in Iraq; and b produce such goods as aforesaid which he has with him. 2 Any such officer, and any person acting under his direction, may search that person for the purpose of ascertaining whether he has with him any such goods as aforesaid: Provided that no person shall be searched in pursuance of this paragraph except by a person of the same sex. 3 Any person who without reasonable excuse refuses to make a declaration, or fails to produce any goods, or refuses to allow himself to be searched in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this article shall be guilty of an offence. 4 Any person who under the provisions of this article makes a declaration which to his knowledge is false in a material particular, or recklessly makes any declaration which is false in a material particular, shall be guilty of an offence. Investigation, etc. of suspected ships 14 1 Where any authorised officer has reason to suspect that any ship to which article 7 applies has been or is being or is about to be used in contravention of paragraph (1) of that article— a he may (either alone or accompanied and assisted by persons under his authority) board the ship and search her and, for that purpose, may use or authorise the use of reasonable force; b he may request the master of the ship to furnish such information relating to the ship and her cargo and produce for his inspection such documents so relating and such cargo as he may specify; and c in the case of a ship that is reasonably suspected of being or of being about to be used in contravention of paragraph (1) of article 7, any authorised officer (either there and then or upon consideration of any information furnished or document or cargo produced in pursuance of a request made under sub-paragraph (b)), with a view to preventing the commission (or the continued commission) of any such contravention, or in order that enquiries into the matter may be pursued, may take the further action specified in paragraph (2). 2 The further action referred to in paragraph (1)(c) is either— a to direct the master of the ship to refrain, except with the consent of any authorised officer, from landing at any port specified by the officer any part of the ship’s cargo that is so specified; or b to request the master of the ship to take any one or more of the following steps— i to cause the ship not to proceed with the voyage on which she is then engaged or about to engage until the master is notified by an authorised officer that the ship may so proceed; ii if the ship is then in port in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey, to cause her to remain there until the master is notified by an authorised officer that the ship may depart; iii if the ship is then in any other place, to take her to any such port specified by the officer and to cause her to remain there until the master is notified as mentioned in sub-paragraph (ii); and iv to take her to any other destination that may be specified by the officer in agreement with the master. 3 Without prejudice to the provisions of article 17(3), where— a a master refuses or fails to comply with a request made under paragraph 2(b); or b an authorised officer otherwise has reason to suspect that such a request that has been so made may not be complied with, any such officer may take such steps as appear to him to be necessary to secure compliance with that request and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, may for that purpose enter upon, or authorise entry upon, that ship and use, or authorise the use of, reasonable force. 4 In this article “authorised officer” means the Chief Revenue Officer or a States Revenue Officer or— a in the application of this Order to Guernsey, any officer as is referred to in section 284(1) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 as extended to Guernsey by the Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution and General Provisions) (Guernsey) Order 1998 ; and b in the application of this Order to Jersey, the Harbour Master or an officer appointed to deputise for him. Investigation, etc. of suspected aircraft 15 1 Where any authorised officer or authorised person has reason to suspect that any aircraft to which article 7 applies has been or is being or is about to be used in contravention of paragraph (1) of that article— a he may (either alone or accompanied and assisted by persons under his authority) board the aircraft and search it and, for that purpose, may use or authorise the use of reasonable force; b he may request the charterer, the operator and the commander of the aircraft or any of them to furnish such information relating to the aircraft and its cargo and produce for his inspection such documents so relating and such cargo as he may specify; and c if the aircraft is then in Guernsey or Jersey, any authorised officer or authorised person may (either there and then or upon consideration of any information furnished or document or cargo produced in pursuance of a request made under sub-paragraph (b)) further request the charterer, operator and the commander or any of them to cause the aircraft and any of its cargo to remain in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey until notified that the aircraft and its cargo may depart. 2 Without prejudice to the provisions of article 17(3), where an authorised officer or authorised person has reason to suspect that any request that has been made under paragraph (1)(c) may not be complied with, he may take such steps as appear to him to be necessary to secure compliance with that request and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, may for that purpose— a enter, or authorise entry, upon any land and upon that aircraft; b detain, or authorise the detention of, that aircraft and any of its cargo; and c use, or authorise the use of, reasonable force. 3 Before or on exercising any power conferred by this article, an authorised person shall, if requested to do so, produce evidence of his authority. 4 In this article— “authorised officer” means any States Revenue Officer and, in the application of this Order to Jersey, the Airport Director; “authorised person” means any person authorised by the Attorney General for the purpose of this article either generally or in a particular case. Investigation, etc. of suspected vehicles 16 1 Where any authorised officer or authorised person has reason to suspect that any vehicle in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey, has been or is being or is about to be used in contravention of article 7— a he may (either alone or accompanied and assisted by persons under his authority) enter the vehicle and search it and, for that purpose, may use or authorise the use of reasonable force; b he may request the operator and the driver of the vehicle or either of them to furnish such information relating to the vehicle and any goods contained in it and produce for his inspection such documents so relating and such goods as he may specify; and c any authorised officer or authorised person may (either there and then or upon consideration of any information furnished or document or goods produced in pursuance of a request made under sub-paragraph (b)) further request the operator or the driver to cause the vehicle and any goods contained in it to remain in Guernsey or as the case may be Jersey until notified that the vehicle may depart. 2 Without prejudice to the provisions of article 17(3), where any authorised officer or authorised person has reason to suspect that any request that has been made under paragraph (1)(c) may not be complied with, he may take such steps as appear to him to be necessary to secure compliance with that request and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, may for that purpose— a enter, or authorise entry, upon any land and enter, or authorise entry of, that vehicle; b detain, or authorise the detention of, that vehicle and any goods contained in it; and c use, or authorise the use of, reasonable force. 3 Before or on exercising any power conferred by this article, an authorised person shall, if requested to do so, produce evidence of his authority. 4 In this article— “authorised officer” means any States Revenue Officer; “authorised person” means any person authorised by the Attorney General for the purpose of this article either generally or in a particular case. Provisions supplementary to articles 14 to 16 17 1 No information furnished or document produced by any person in pursuance of a request made under article 14, 15 or 16 shall be disclosed except— a with the consent of the person by whom the information was furnished or the document was produced: Provided that a person who has obtained information or is in possession of a document only in his capacity as servant or agent of another person may not give consent for the purposes of this sub-paragraph but such consent may instead be given by any person who is entitled to that information or to the possession of that document in his own right; b to any person who would have been empowered under article 14, 15 or 16 to request that it be furnished or produced or to any person holding or acting in any office under or in the service of: i the Crown in respect of the Government of the United Kingdom; ii the Government of the Isle of Man; iii the States of Guernsey or Alderney or the Chief Pleas of Sark; iv the States of Jersey; or v the Government of any territory listed in Schedule 2; c on the authority of the Attorney General, to any organ of the United Nations or to any person in the service of the United Nations or of the Government of any other country for the purpose of assisting the United Nations or that Government in securing compliance with or detecting evasion of measures in relation to Iraq decided upon by the Security Council of the United Nations; or d with a view to the institution of, or otherwise for the purposes of, any proceedings— i in the Bailiwick in question, for an offence under this Order or, with respect to any of the matters regulated by this Order, for an offence relating to customs; or ii for any offence under any law making provision with respect to such matters that is in force in the other Bailiwick to which this Order applies, the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man or any territory listed in Schedule 2 to this Order. 2 Any power conferred by article 14, 15 or 16 to request the furnishing of information or the production of a document or of cargo for inspection shall include a power to specify whether the information should be furnished orally or in writing and in what form and to specify the time by which and the place in which the information should be furnished or the document or cargo produced for inspection. 3 Each of the following persons shall be guilty of an offence— a a master of a ship who disobeys any direction given under article 14(2)(a); b a master of a ship or a charterer or an operator or a commander of an aircraft or an operator or a driver of a vehicle who— i without reasonable excuse, refuses or fails within a reasonable time to comply with any request made under article 14, 15 or 16 by any person empowered to make it, or ii furnishes any document or information which to his knowledge is false in a material particular, or recklessly furnishes any document or information which is false in a material particular to such a person in response to such a request; c a master or a member of a crew of a ship or a charterer or an operator or a commander or a member of a crew of an aircraft or an operator or a driver of a vehicle who wilfully obstructs any such person (or any person acting under the authority of any such person) in the exercise of his powers under article 14, 15 or 16 . 4 Nothing in articles 14 to 17 shall be construed so as to prejudice any other provision of law conferring powers or imposing restrictions or enabling restrictions to be imposed with respect to ships, aircraft or vehicles. Obtaining of evidence and information 18 The provisions of Schedule 3 shall have effect in order to facilitate the obtaining, by or on behalf of the Attorney General, the licensing authority or, in the case of Guernsey the Chief Revenue Officer or, in the case of Jersey, a States Revenue Officer— a of evidence and information for the purpose of securing compliance with or detecting evasion of— i this Order in the Bailiwick in question; ii any law making provision with respect to any of the matters regulated by this Order that is in force in the other Bailiwick to which this Order applies, the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man or any territory listed in Schedule 2; and b of evidence of the commission of— i in the Bailiwick in question, an offence under this Order or, with respect to any of the matters regulated by this Order, an offence relating to customs; or ii with respect to any of those matters, an offence under the law of the other Bailiwick to which this Order applies, the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man or any territory listed in Schedule 2. Investigations by the Chief Revenue Officer or a States Revenue Officer 19 Where in the case of Guernsey the Chief Revenue Officer, or in the case of Jersey a States Revenue Officer investigates or proposes to investigate any matter with a view to determining— a whether there are grounds for believing that an offence under this Order has been committed; or b whether a person should be prosecuted for such an offence, the matter shall be treated as an assigned matter within the meaning (in relation to Guernsey) of section 1(1) of the Customs and Excise (General Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1972 as amended, and (in relation to Jersey) of Article 1(1) of the Customs and Excise (Jersey) Law 1999 as amended. Penalties and proceedings 20 1 Any person guilty of an offence under article 5, 7(3), 8(2) or (3) shall be liable in Guernsey— a on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years or to a fine or to both; or b on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to both; and in Jersey, on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or to a fine, or to both. 2 Any person guilty of an offence under Article 17(3)(b)(ii) or paragraph 5(b) or (d) of Schedule 3 shall be liable in Guernsey— a on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both; b on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to both; and in Jersey, on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both. 3 Any person guilty of an offence under article 12(1) or (2) or article 13(4) of this Order shall be liable in Guernsey— a on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both; b on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale; and in Jersey, on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both. 4 Any person guilty of an offence under article 17(3)(a), (b)(i) or (c), or paragraph 5(a) or (c) of Schedule 3, shall be liable— a in Guernsey, on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to both; b in Jersey, on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale or to both. 5 Any person guilty of an offence under article 11or 13(3) shall be liable— a in Guernsey, on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale; b in Jersey, on conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale. 6 Where any body corporate (and in the case of Jersey a limited liability partnership) is guilty of an offence under this Order, and that offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, any person who is a partner of the partnership, or a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, the person shall also be guilty of the offence and liable in the same manner as the said partnership or body corporate to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. 7 Proceedings against any person for an offence under this Order in its application to Guernsey may be taken before the appropriate court in the Bailiwick having jurisdiction in the place where that person is for the time being. 8 No proceedings for an offence under this Order shall be instituted except by or with the consent of the Attorney General: Provided that this paragraph shall not prevent the arrest, or the issue or execution of a warrant for the arrest, of any person in respect of such an offence, or the remand in custody or on bail of any person charged with such an offence, notwithstanding that the necessary consent to the institution of proceedings for the offence has not been obtained. Exercise of the powers of the licensing authority 21 1 The licensing authority may, to such extent and subject to such restrictions and conditions as he or it may think proper, delegate or authorise the delegation of any of his or its powers under this Order to any person, or class or description of persons, approved by him or it, and references in this Order to the licensing authority shall be construed accordingly. 2 Any licences granted under this Order shall be in writing and may be either general or special, may be subject to or without conditions, may be limited so as to expire on a specified date unless renewed and may be varied or revoked by the authority that granted them. A.K. Galloway Clerk of the Privy Council