Infrastructure Planning PART 1 PRELIMINARY Citation and commencement 1 This Order may be cited as the A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon Improvement Scheme Development Consent Order 2016 and comes into force on 1st June 2016. Interpretation 2 1 In this Order— “the 1961 Act” means the Land Compensation Act 1961 ; “the 1965 Act” means the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 ; “the 1980 Act” means the Highways Act 1980 ; “the 1981 Act” means the Compulsory Purchase (Vesting Declarations) Act 1981 ; “the 1984 Act” means the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 ; “the 1990 Act” means the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 ; “the 1991 Act” means the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 ; “the 2008 Act” means the Planning Act 2008 ; “address” includes any number or address for the purposes of electronic transmission; “apparatus” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1991 Act; “the authorised development” means the development and associated development described in Schedule 1 (authorised development) and any other development authorised by this Order, which is development within the meaning of section 32 (meaning of development) of the 2008 Act; “the book of reference” means the document of that description set out in Schedule 10 (documents to be certified) certified by the Secretary of State as the book of reference for the purposes of this Order; “the borrow pits” means the borrow pits shown on the engineering section drawings and the works plans; “bridleway” has the same meaning as in the 1980 Act; “building” includes any structure or erection or any part of a building, structure or erection; “carriageway” has the same meaning as in the 1980 Act; “the classification of roads plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the classification of roads plans for the purposes of this Order; “construct” includes execute, place, alter, replace, relay and remove and “construction” is to be construed accordingly; “the Crown land plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the Crown land plans for the purposes of this Order; “cycle track” has the same meaning as in section 329(1) (further provisions as to interpretation) of the 1980 Act ; “cycleway” means a way constituting or comprised in a highway, being a way over which the public have the following, but no other, rights of way, that is to say, a right of way on pedal cycles (other than pedal cycles which are motor vehicles within the meaning of the Road Traffic Act 1988) with a right of way on foot and a right of way on horseback or leading a horse; “the de-trunking plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the de-trunking plans for the purposes of this Order; “electronic transmission” means a communication transmitted— by means of an electronic communications network; or by other means but while in electronic form; “the engineering section drawings” means the documents of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the engineering section drawings for the purposes of this Order; “the environmental statement” means the documents of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the environmental statement for the purposes of this Order; “equestrian track” means a way constituting or comprised in a highway, being a way over which the public have the following, but no other, rights of way, that is to say on horseback or leading a horse; “the flood compensation areas” means the flood compensation areas shown on the engineering section drawings and the works plans; “footpath” and “footway” have the same meaning as in the 1980 Act; “the general arrangement drawings” means the drawings of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the general arrangement drawings for the purposes of this Order; “highway”, “highway authority” and “local highway authority” have the same meaning as in the 1980 Act; “the land plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the land plans for the purposes of this Order; “the limits of deviation” means the limits of deviation referred to in article 7 (limits of deviation); “maintain” includes inspect, repair, adjust, alter, remove or reconstruct and any derivative of “maintain” is to be construed accordingly; “NMU” means non-motorised user; “the Order land” means the land shown on the land plans which is within the limits of land to be acquired or used permanently or temporarily, and described in the book of reference; “the Order limits” means the limits of deviation shown on the works plans, and the limits of land to be acquired or used permanently or temporarily shown on the land plans, within which the authorised development may be carried out; “owner”, in relation to land, has the same meaning as in section 7 (interpretation) of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981 ; “the relevant planning authority” means the local planning authority for the land and matter in question, being Cambridgeshire County Council, Huntingdonshire District Council or South Cambridgeshire District Council; “the rights of way and access plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the rights of way and access plans for the purposes of this Order; “the Secretary of State” means (except where that expression appears in article 44 (appeals)) the Secretary of State for Transport; “the special category land plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the special category land plans for the purposes of this Order; “special road” means a highway which is a special road in accordance with section 16 (general provisions as to special roads) of the 1980 Act or by virtue of an order granting development consent; “statutory undertaker” means any statutory undertaker for the purposes of section 127(8) (statutory undertakers’ land) of the 2008 Act; “street” means a street within the meaning of section 48 (streets, street works and undertakers) of the 1991 Act, together with land on the verge of a street or between two carriageways, and includes part of a street; “street authority”, in relation to a street, has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1991 Act; “traffic authority” has the same meaning as in section 121A (traffic authorities) of the 1984 Act; “the traffic regulation measures plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the traffic regulation measures plans for the purposes of this Order; “the tribunal” means the Lands Chamber of the Upper Tribunal; “trunk road” means a highway which is a trunk road by virtue of— section 10 or 19(1) of the 1980 Act (provisions as to trunk roads); an order made or direction given under section 10 of that Act; an order granting development consent; or any other enactment; “the variation of special road status plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the variation of special road status plans for the purposes of this Order; “watercourse” includes all rivers, streams, ditches, drains, canals, cuts, culverts, dykes, sluices, sewers and passages through which water flows except a public sewer or drain; “the works plans” means the plans of that description set out in Schedule 10 certified by the Secretary of State as the works plans for the purposes of this Order; and “the undertaker” means Highways England Company Limited (Company No. 09346363) of Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford, Surrey, GU1 4LZ. 2 References in this Order to rights over land include references to rights to do or to place and maintain, anything in, on or under land or in the airspace above its surface and references in this Order to the imposition of restrictive covenants are references to the creation of rights over land which interfere with the interests or rights of another and are for the benefit of land which is acquired under this Order or is otherwise comprised in the Order land. 3 All distances, directions, areas and lengths referred to in this Order are approximate and distances between points on a work comprised in the authorised development are taken to be measured along that work. 4 For the purposes of this Order, all areas described in square metres in the book of reference are approximate. 5 References in this Order to points identified by letters or numbers are to be construed as references to points so lettered or numbered on the rights of way and access plans. 6 References in this Order to numbered works are references to the works as numbered in Schedule 1 (authorised development). Disapplication of legislative provisions 3 1 The following provisions do not apply in relation to the construction of any work or the carrying out of any operation required for the purpose of, or in connection with, the construction of the authorised development— a Regulation 12(1)(a) (requirement for environmental permit) of the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 in relation to the carrying on of a relevant flood risk activity for the purpose of the works; b the provisions of any byelaws made under, or having effect as if made under, paragraphs 5, 6 or 6A of Schedule 25 (byelaw-making powers of the authority) to the Water Resources Act 1991; c section 23 (prohibition of obstructions, etc. in watercourses) of the Land Drainage Act 1991 in relation to watercourses for which Cambridgeshire County Council is the drainage board concerned; d section 32 (variation of awards) of the Land Drainage Act 1991; e the provisions of any byelaws made under section 66 (powers to make byelaws) of the Land Drainage Act 1991; and f section 28E (duties in relation to sites of scientific interest) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 . 2 In paragraph (1)(a) “relevant flood risk activity” means an activity within paragraph 3(1)(a), (b) or (c) of Schedule 23ZA (flood risk activities and excluded flood risk activities) to the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010. 3 The Anglian Water Authority Act 1977 has effect subject to the provisions of this Order and sections 18 (bylaws), 27 (flood prevention) and 28 (excavation of minerals) of that Act, and any byelaws made and having effect under section 18, do not apply in relation to anything done or omitted to be done in connection with construction of the authorised development. Maintenance of drainage works 4 1 Nothing in this Order, or the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised development under it, affects any responsibility for the maintenance of any works connected with the drainage of land, whether that responsibility is imposed or allocated by or under any enactment, or otherwise, unless otherwise agreed in writing between the undertaker and the person responsible. 2 In this article “drainage” has the same meaning as in section 72 (interpretation) of the Land Drainage Act 1991. PART 2 PRINCIPAL POWERS Development consent, etc., granted by the Order 5 1 Subject to the provisions of this Order, including the requirements in Schedule 2 (requirements), the undertaker is granted development consent for the authorised development to be carried out within the Order limits. 2 Any enactment applying to land within or adjacent to the Order limits has effect subject to the provisions of this Order. 3 Nothing in this Order prevents the carrying out of operations consisting of archaeological investigations, non-intrusive investigations for the purpose of assessing ground conditions, remedial work in respect of any contamination or other adverse ground conditions, erection of any temporary means of enclosure, and the temporary display of site notices or advertisements immediately upon this Order coming into force. Maintenance of the authorised development 6 1 The undertaker may at any time maintain the authorised development, except to the extent that this Order or an agreement made under this Order provides otherwise. 2 Paragraph (1) does not extend to any maintenance works which would give rise to any materially new or materially worse environmental effects from those assessed in the environmental statement. Limits of deviation 7 In carrying out the authorised development the undertaker may— a deviate laterally from the lines or situations of the authorised development shown on the works plans to the extent of the limits of deviation shown on those plans; and b deviate vertically from the levels of the authorised development shown on the engineering section drawings— i to a maximum of 0.5 metres upwards or downwards; or ii in respect of the excavation of the borrow pits or the flood compensation areas, to a maximum of 0.5 metres downwards but to any distance upwards to ground level, except that these maximum limits of vertical deviation do not apply where it is demonstrated by the undertaker to the Secretary of State’s satisfaction and the Secretary of State, following consultation with the relevant planning authority, certifies accordingly that a deviation in excess of these limits would not give rise to any materially new or materially worse adverse environmental effects in comparison with those reported in the environmental statement. Benefit of Order 8 1 Subject to article 9 (consent to transfer benefit of Order) and paragraph (2) , the provisions of this Order conferring powers on the undertaker have effect solely for the benefit of the undertaker. 2 Paragraph (1) does not apply to the works for which the consent is granted by this Order for the express benefit of owners and occupiers of land, statutory undertakers and other persons affected by the authorised development. Consent to transfer benefit of Order 9 1 The undertaker may with the consent of the Secretary of State— a transfer to another person (“the transferee”) any or all of the benefit of the provisions of this Order and such related statutory rights as may be agreed between the undertaker and the transferee; or b grant to another person (“the lessee”) for a period agreed between the undertaker and the lessee any or all of the benefit of the provisions of this Order and such related statutory rights as may be so agreed. 2 Where an agreement has been made in accordance with paragraph (1) references in this Order to the undertaker, except in paragraph (3) , include references to the transferee or the lessee. 3 The exercise by a person of any benefits or rights conferred in accordance with any transfer or grant under paragraph (1) is subject to the same restrictions, liabilities and obligations as would apply under this Order if those benefits or rights were exercised by the undertaker. PART 3 STREETS Application of the 1991 Act 10 1 Works executed under this Order in relation to a highway which consists of or includes a carriageway are to be treated for the purposes of Part 3 (street works in England and Wales) of the 1991 Act as major highway works if— a they are of a description mentioned in any of paragraphs (a), (c) to (e), (g) and (h) of section 86(3) (which defines what highway authority works are major highway works) of that Act; or b they are works which, had they been executed by the highway authority, might have been carried out in exercise of the powers conferred by section 64 (dual carriageways and roundabouts) of the 1980 Act or section 184 (vehicle crossings over footways and verges) of that Act. 2 In Part 3 of the 1991 Act references, in relation to major highway works, to the highway authority concerned are, in relation to works which are major highway works by virtue of paragraph (1) , to be construed as references to the undertaker. 3 The following provisions of the 1991 Act do not apply in relation to any works executed under the powers conferred by this Order— section 56 (directions as to timing); section 56A (power to give directions as to placing of apparatus); section 58 (restrictions following substantial road works); section 58A (restriction on works following substantial street works); section 73A (power to require undertaker to re-surface street); section 73B (power to specify timing etc. of re-surfacing); section 73C (materials, workmanship and standard of re-surfacing); section 78A (contributions to costs of re-surfacing by undertaker); and Schedule 3A (restriction on works following substantial street works). 4 The provisions of the 1991 Act mentioned in paragraph (5) (which, together with other provisions of that Act, apply in relation to the execution of street works) and any regulations made, or code of practice issued or approved under, those provisions apply (with the necessary modifications) in relation to any stopping up, alteration or diversion of a street of a temporary nature by the undertaker under the powers conferred by article 14 (temporary stopping up and restriction of use of streets) whether or not the stopping up, alteration or diversion constitutes street works within the meaning of that Act. 5 The provisions of the 1991 Act referred to in paragraph (4) are— section 54 (advance notice of certain works), subject to paragraph (6) ; section 55 (notice of starting date of works), subject to paragraph (6) ; section 57 (notice of emergency works); section 59 (general duty of street authority to co-ordinate works); section 60 (general duty of undertakers to co-operate); section 68 (facilities to be afforded to street authority); section 69 (works likely to affect other apparatus in the street); section 75 (inspection fees); section 76 (liability for cost of temporary traffic regulation); and section 77 (liability for cost of use of alternative route), and all such other provisions as apply for the purposes of the provisions mentioned above. 6 Sections 54 and 55 of the 1991 Act as applied by paragraph (4) have effect as if references in section 57 of that Act to emergency works were a reference to a stopping up, alteration or diversion (as the case may be) required in a case of emergency. 7 Nothing in article 11 (construction and maintenance of new, altered or diverted streets and other structures)— a affects the operation of section 87 (prospectively maintainable highways) of the 1991 Act, and the undertaker is not by reason of any duty under that article to maintain a street to be taken to be the street authority in relation to that street for the purposes of Part 3 of that Act; or b has effect in relation to street works as respects which the provisions of Part 3 of the 1991 Act apply. Construction and maintenance of new, altered or diverted streets and other structures 11 1 Subject to paragraphs (6) , (7) and (8) , any highway (other than a trunk road or special road) to be constructed under this Order must be completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the local highway authority in whose area the highway lies and, unless otherwise agreed in writing with the local highway authority, the highway including any culverts or other structures laid under it must be maintained by and at the expense of the local highway authority from its completion. 2 Subject to paragraphs (3) , (6) , (7) and (8) , where a highway (other than a trunk road or special road) is altered or diverted under this Order, the altered or diverted part of the highway must be completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the local highway authority and, unless otherwise agreed in writing with the local highway authority, that part of the highway including any culverts or other structures laid under it must be maintained by and at the expense of the local highway authority from its completion. 3 Subject to paragraphs (6) , (7) and (8) , where a footpath, cycle track or bridleway is altered or diverted under this Order along a vehicular private means of access, the altered or diverted part of the highway must, when completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the highway authority and unless otherwise agreed in writing, be maintained (including any culverts or other structures laid under that part of the highway) by and at the expense of the person or persons with the benefit of the vehicular private means of access. 4 Where a street which is not and is not intended to be a public highway is constructed, altered or diverted under this Order, the street (or part of the street as the case may be) must, when completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the street authority, unless otherwise agreed in writing, be maintained by and at the expense of the undertaker for a period of 12 months from its completion and at the expiry of that period by and at the expense of the street authority. 5 Subject to paragraphs (6) , (7) and (8) , where a highway is de-trunked under this Order— a section 265 (transfer of property and liabilities upon a highway becoming or ceasing to be a trunk road) of the 1980 Act applies in respect of that highway; and b any alterations to that highway undertaken under powers conferred by this Order prior to and in connection with that de-trunking must, unless otherwise agreed in writing with the local highway authority, be maintained by and at the expense of the local highway authority from the date of de-trunking. 6 In the case of any bridge constructed under this Order to carry a highway other than a trunk road or special road over a trunk road or special road, the highway surface must from its completion be maintained by and at the expense of the local highway authority and the structure of the bridge must be maintained by and at the expense of the undertaker. 7 In the case of any bridge constructed under this Order to carry a highway (other than a trunk road or special road) over another highway which is not a trunk road or a special road, both the highway surface and structure of the bridge must be maintained by and at the expense of the local highway authority from their completion. 8 In the case of a bridge constructed under this Order to carry a private right of way (whether or not it also carries a footpath, cycle track or bridleway), the surface of the street and the structure of the bridge must be maintained by and at the expense of the undertaker. 9 In any action against the undertaker in respect of loss or damage resulting from any failure by the undertaker to maintain a street under this article, it is a defence (without affecting any other defence or the application of the law relating to contributory negligence) to prove that the undertaker had taken such care as in all the circumstances was reasonably required to secure that the part of the street to which the action relates was not dangerous to traffic. 10 For the purposes of a defence under paragraph (9) , the court must in particular have regard to the following matters— a the character of the street and the traffic which was reasonably to be expected to use it; b the standard of maintenance appropriate for a street of that character and used by such traffic; c the state of repair in which a reasonable person would have expected to find the street; d whether the undertaker knew, or could reasonably have been expected to know, that the condition of the part of the street to which the action relates was likely to cause danger to users of the street; and e where the undertaker could not reasonably have been expected to repair that part of the street before the cause of action arose, what warning notices of its condition had been displayed, but for the purposes of such a defence it is not relevant to prove that the undertaker had arranged for a competent person to carry out or supervise the maintenance of the part of the street to which the action relates unless it is also proved that the undertaker had given the competent person proper instructions with regard to the maintenance of the street and that the competent person had carried out those instructions. Classification of roads, etc. 12 1 On a date to be determined by the undertaker, and subject to compliance with the procedures in paragraph (2) , the M11 London - Cambridge Motorway (Cambridge Western Bypass Section) Scheme 1974 is varied so that in the Schedule to that Scheme, in the paragraph entitled “The Route of the Special Road”, for the words “terminating at a point on the road from Cambridge to Godmanchester (A604) about 280m south-east of its junction with C194 The Avenue, Girton.” substitute the words— terminating at a point on the road from Felixstowe to Catthorpe (A14) about 452 metres north west of the centreline of the M11 underbridge structure for A1307 Huntingdon Road (‘Bulls Close Bridge’), Girton. . 2 Before the date on which paragraph (1) is to take effect, the undertaker must publish in the London Gazette, and in one or more newspapers circulating in the vicinity of the authorised development, notification of the date on which paragraph (1) takes effect, and the general effect of that paragraph. 3 On the date on which the roads described in Part 6 (classification of roads) of Schedule 3 (classification of roads, etc.) are completed and open for traffic— a the roads described in paragraphs 1 to 20 of Part 6 of Schedule 3 are to become trunk roads as if they had become so by virtue of an order made under section 10(2) (general provision as to trunk roads) of the 1980 Act specifying that date as the date on which they were to become trunk roads; and b the road described in paragraph 21 of Part 6 of Schedule 3 is to be classified as the A141 and the road described in paragraphs 22 to 24 of Part 6 of Schedule 3 is to be classified as the A1307 and both these roads are to be— i a principal road for the purpose of any enactment or instrument which refers to highways classified as principal roads; and ii a classified road for the purpose of any enactment or instrument which refers to highways classified as classified roads, as if such classification had been made under section 12(3) (general provision as to principal and classified roads) of the 1980 Act; and c the roads described in paragraphs 25 to 35 of Part 6 of Schedule 3 are to be classified as set out in those paragraphs and are to be classified roads for the purpose of any enactment or instrument which refers to highways classified as classified roads, as if such classification had been made under section 12(3) of the 1980 Act. 4 Subject to paragraph (5) , on such day as the undertaker may determine, the roads described in Part 3 (roads to be de-trunked) of Schedule 3 are to cease to be trunk roads as if they had ceased to be trunk roads by virtue of an order made under section 10(2) of the 1980 Act specifying that date as the date on which they were to cease to be trunk roads. 5 The undertaker may only make a determination for the purposes of paragraph (4) with the consent of the Secretary of State, who must consult the local highway authority before deciding whether to give that consent. 6 From such day as the undertaker may determine no person is to drive any motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the limit in miles per hour specified in column (3) of Part 1 (speed limits) of Schedule 3 along the lengths of road identified in the corresponding row of column (2) of that Part. 7 Subject to paragraph (8) and article 16 (clearways), from such a day as the undertaker may determine, the restrictions specified in column (3) of Part 2 of Schedule 3 (classification of roads, etc. – traffic regulation measures (clearways and prohibitions)) are to apply to the lengths of road identified in the corresponding row of column (2) of that Part. 8 The restrictions provided for in paragraph (7) do not apply to an authorised vehicle where the vehicle is excepted from the restrictions in column (3) of Part 2 of Schedule 3. 9 On such day as the undertaker may determine, the orders specified in column (3) of Parts 4 (revocations and variations of existing traffic regulation orders) and 5 (weight limit variations) of Schedule 3 are to be varied or revoked as specified in the corresponding row of column (4) of those Parts in respect of the lengths of roads specified in the corresponding row of column (2) of those Parts. 10 The application of paragraphs (1) to (9) may be varied or revoked by any instrument made under any enactment which provides for the variation or revocation of such matters. 11 No speed limit imposed by this Order applies to vehicles falling within regulation 3(4) of the Road Traffic Exemptions (Special Forces) (Variation and Amendment) Regulations 2011 when used in accordance with regulation 3(5) of those regulations. 12 In this article, “authorised vehicle” means a vehicle specified by the undertaker from time to time. Permanent stopping up of streets and private means of access 13 1 Subject to the provisions of this article, the undertaker may, in connection with the carrying out of the authorised development, stop up each of the streets and private means of access specified in columns (1) and (2) of Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Schedule 4 (permanent stopping up of highways and private means of access and provision of new highways and private means of access) to the extent specified and described in column (3) of those Parts of that Schedule. 2 No street or private means of access specified in columns (1) and (2) of Parts 1 and 3 of Schedule 4 (being a street or private means of access to be stopped up for which a substitute is to be provided) is to be wholly or partly stopped up under this article unless— a the new street or private means of access to be constructed and substituted for it, which is specified in column (4) of those Parts of that Schedule, has been completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the street authority and is open for use; or b a temporary alternative route for the passage of such traffic as could have used the street or private means of access to be stopped up is first provided and subsequently maintained by the undertaker, to the reasonable satisfaction of the street authority, between the commencement and termination points for the stopping up of the street or private means of access until the completion and opening of the new street or private means of access in accordance with sub-paragraph (a) . 3 No street or private means of access specified in columns (1) and (2) of Parts 2 and 4 of Schedule 4 (being a street or private means of access to be stopped up for which no substitute is to be provided) is to be wholly or partly stopped up under this article unless the condition specified in paragraph (4) is satisfied in relation to all of the land which abuts on either side of the street or private means of access to be stopped up. 4 The condition referred to in paragraph (3) is that— a the undertaker is in possession of the land; or b there is no right of access to the land from the street or private means of access concerned; or c there is reasonably convenient access to the land otherwise than from the street or private means of access concerned; or d the owners and occupiers of the land have agreed to the stopping up. 5 Where a street or private means of access has been stopped up under this article— a all rights of way over or along the street or private means of access so stopped up are extinguished; and b the undertaker may appropriate and use for the purposes of the authorised development so much of the site of the street or private means of access as is bounded on both sides by land owned by the undertaker. 6 Any person who suffers loss by the suspension or extinguishment of any private right of way under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 7 This article is subject to article 33 (apparatus and rights of statutory undertakers in stopped up streets). Temporary stopping up and restriction of use of streets 14 1 The undertaker may, during and for the purposes of carrying out the authorised development, temporarily stop up, alter or divert any street and may for any reasonable time— a divert the traffic from the street; and b subject to paragraph (3) , prevent all persons from passing along the street. 2 Without limitation on the scope of paragraph (1) , the undertaker may use any street temporarily stopped up under the powers conferred by this article and within the Order limits as a temporary working site. 3 The undertaker must provide reasonable access for pedestrians going to or from premises abutting a street affected by the temporary stopping up, alteration or diversion of a street under this article if there would otherwise be no such access. 4 The undertaker must not temporarily stop up, alter or divert any street for which it is not the street authority without the consent of the street authority, which may attach reasonable conditions to any consent but its consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. 5 Any person who suffers loss by the suspension of any private right of way under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 6 If a street authority which has received an application for consent under paragraph (4) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision before the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which the application was made, it is deemed to have granted consent. Access to works 15 The undertaker may, for the purposes of the authorised development, form and lay out means of access, or improve existing means of access at such locations within the Order limits as the undertaker reasonably requires for the purposes of the authorised development. Clearways 16 1 From such day as the undertaker may determine, except as provided in paragraph (2) below, no person is to cause or permit any vehicle to wait on any part of the lengths of road described in column (2) of Part 2 (traffic regulation measures (clearways and prohibitions)) of Schedule 3 (classification of roads, etc.) where it is identified that such lengths of road are to become a clearway in the corresponding row of column (3) of that Part, except upon the direction of, or with the permission of, a uniformed constable or uniformed traffic officer. 2 Nothing in paragraph (1) above applies— a to render it unlawful to cause or permit a vehicle to wait on any part of a road, for so long as may be necessary to enable that vehicle to be used in connection with— i the removal of any obstruction to traffic; ii the maintenance, improvement, reconstruction or operation of the road; iii the laying, erection, inspection, maintenance, alteration, repair, renewal or removal in or near the road of any sewer, main pipe, conduit, wire, cable or other apparatus for the supply of gas, water, electricity or any telecommunications apparatus as defined in Schedule 2 (the Telecommunications Code) to the Telecommunications Act 1984 ; or iv any building operation or demolition; b in relation to a vehicle being used— i for police, ambulance, fire and rescue authority or traffic officer purposes; ii in the service of a local authority, safety camera partnership or Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency in pursuance of statutory powers or duties; iii in the service of a water or sewerage undertaker within the meaning of the Water Industry Act 1991 ; or iv by a universal service provider for the purposes of providing a universal postal service as defined by the Postal Service Act 2000 ; or c in relation to a vehicle waiting when the person in control of it is— i required by law to stop; ii obliged to stop in order to avoid an accident; or iii prevented from proceeding by circumstances outside the person’s control. 3 No person is to cause or permit any vehicle to wait on any part of the roads described in paragraph (1) for the purposes of selling, or dispensing of, goods from that vehicle, unless the goods are immediately delivered at, or taken into, premises adjacent to the land on which the vehicle stood when the goods were sold or dispensed. 4 Paragraphs (1) , (2) and (3) have effect as if made by order under the 1984 Act, and their application may be varied or revoked by an order made under that Act or any other enactment which provides for the variation or revocation of such orders. 5 In this article, “traffic officer” means an individual designated under section 2 (designation of traffic officers) of the Traffic Management Act 2004 . PART 4 SUPPLEMENTAL POWERS Discharge of water 17 1 Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4) , the undertaker may use any watercourse or any public sewer or drain for the drainage of water in connection with the carrying out or maintenance of the authorised development and for that purpose may lay down, take up and alter pipes and may, on any land within the Order limits, make openings into, and connections with, the watercourse, public sewer or drain. 2 Any dispute arising from the making of connections to or the use of a public sewer or drain by the undertaker under paragraph (1) is to be determined as if it were a dispute under section 106 (right to communicate with public sewers) of the Water Industry Act 1991 . 3 The undertaker must not discharge any water into any watercourse, public sewer or drain except with the consent of the person to whom it belongs; and such consent may be given subject to such terms and conditions as that person may reasonably impose, but must not be unreasonably withheld. 4 The undertaker must not make any opening into any public sewer or drain except— a in accordance with plans approved by the person to whom the sewer or drain belongs, but such approval must not be unreasonably withheld; and b where that person has been given the opportunity to supervise the making of the opening. 5 The undertaker must take such steps as are reasonably practicable to secure that any water discharged into a watercourse or public sewer or drain under the powers conferred by this article is as free as may be practicable from gravel, soil or other solid substance, oil or matter in suspension. 6 Nothing in this article overrides the requirement for an environmental permit under regulation 12(1)(b) (requirement for environmental permit) of the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 . 7 In this article— a “public sewer or drain” means a sewer or drain which belongs to the Homes and Communities Agency, the Environment Agency, an internal drainage board, a joint planning board, a local authority, a sewerage undertaker or an urban development corporation; and b other expressions, excluding watercourse, used both in this article and in the Water Resources Act 1991 , have the same meaning as in that Act. 8 If a person who has received an application for consent under paragraph (3) or approval under paragraph (4)(a) fails to notify the undertaker of a decision within 28 days of receiving the application, that person is deemed to have granted consent or given approval, as the case may be. Protective works to buildings 18 1 Subject to the following provisions of this article, the undertaker may at the undertaker’s own expense carry out such protective works to any building lying within the Order limits or which may be affected by the authorised development as the undertaker considers necessary or expedient. 2 Protective works may be carried out— a at any time before or during the carrying out in the vicinity of the building of any part of the authorised development; or b after the completion of that part of the authorised development in the vicinity of the building at any time up to the end of the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which that part of the authorised development is first opened for use. 3 Subject to paragraph (5) , for the purpose of determining how the functions under this article are to be exercised the undertaker may enter and survey any building falling within paragraph (1) and any land within its curtilage. 4 For the purpose of carrying out protective works to a building under this article the undertaker may (subject to paragraphs (5) and (6) )— a enter the building and any land within its curtilage; and b where the works cannot be carried out reasonably conveniently without entering land which is adjacent to the building but outside its curtilage, enter the adjacent land (but not any building erected on it). 5 Before exercising— a a right under paragraph (1) to carry out protective works to a building; b a right under paragraph (3) to enter a building and land within its curtilage; c a right under paragraph (4)(a) to enter a building and land within its curtilage; or d a right under paragraph (4)(b) to enter land, the undertaker must, except in the case of emergency, serve on the owners and occupiers of the building or land not less than 14 days’ notice of its intention to exercise that right and, in a case falling within sub-paragraph (a) or (c) , specifying the protective works proposed to be carried out. 6 Where a notice is served under paragraph (5)(a) , (5)(c) or (5)(d) , the owner or occupier of the building or land concerned may, by serving a counter-notice within the period of 10 days beginning with the day on which the notice was served, require the question of whether it is necessary or expedient to carry out the protective works or to enter the building or land to be referred to arbitration under article 43 (arbitration). 7 The undertaker must compensate the owners and occupiers of any building or land in relation to which rights under this article have been exercised for any loss or damage arising to them by reason of the exercise of those rights. 8 Where— a protective works are carried out under this article to a building; and b within the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which the part of the authorised development carried out in the vicinity of the building is first opened for use it appears that the protective works are inadequate to protect the building against damage caused by the carrying out or use of that part of the authorised development, the undertaker must compensate the owners and occupiers of the building for any loss or damage sustained by them. 9 Nothing in this article relieves the undertaker from any liability to pay compensation under section 152 of the 2008 Act (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance). 10 Any compensation payable under paragraph (7) or (8) is to be determined, in case of dispute, under Part 1 of the 1961 Act (determination of questions of disputed compensation). 11 In this article “protective works” in relation to a building means— a underpinning, strengthening and any other works the purpose of which is to prevent damage which may be caused to the building by the carrying out, maintenance or use of the authorised development; and b any works the purpose of which is to remedy any damage which has been caused to the building by the carrying out, maintenance or use of the authorised development. Authority to survey and investigate land 19 1 The undertaker may for the purposes of this Order enter on any land shown within the Order limits or which may be affected by the authorised development and— a survey or investigate the land (including any watercourses, static water bodies or vegetation on the land); b without limitation on the scope of sub-paragraph (a) , make trial holes in such positions on the land as the undertaker thinks fit to investigate the nature of the surface layer and subsoil and remove soil samples; c without limitation on the scope of sub-paragraph (a) , carry out ecological or archaeological investigations on such land, including making any excavations or trial holes on the land for such purposes; and d place on, leave on and remove from the land apparatus for use in connection with the survey and investigation of land and making of trial holes. 2 No land may be entered or equipment placed or left on or removed from the land under paragraph (1) unless at least 14 days’ notice has been served on every owner and occupier of the land. 3 Any person entering land under this article on behalf of the undertaker— a must, if so required, before or after entering the land, produce written evidence of authority to do so; and b may take onto the land such vehicles and equipment as are necessary to carry out the survey or investigation or to make the trial holes. 4 No trial holes are to be made under this article— a in land located within the highway boundary without the consent of the highway authority; or b in a private street without the consent of the street authority, but such consent must not be unreasonably withheld. 5 The undertaker must compensate the owners and occupiers of the land for any loss or damage arising by reason of the exercise of the powers conferred by this article, such compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act. 6 If either a highway authority or a street authority which has received an application for consent under paragraph (4) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision within 28 days of receiving the application, that authority is deemed to have granted the consent. PART 5 POWERS OF ACQUISITION AND POSSESSION OF LAND Compulsory acquisition of land 20 1 The undertaker may acquire compulsorily so much of the Order land as is required for the authorised development, or to facilitate or is incidental to it. 2 This article is subject to paragraph (2) of article 23 (compulsory acquisition of rights) and paragraph (8) of article 30 (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development). Compulsory acquisition of land – incorporation of the mineral code 21 Parts 2 and 3 of Schedule 2 (minerals) to the Acquisition of Land Act 1981 are incorporated into this Order subject to the modifications that— a paragraph 8(3) is not incorporated; and b for “the acquiring authority” substitute “the undertaker”. Time limit for exercise of powers to possess land temporarily or to acquire land compulsorily 22 1 After the end of the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which this Order comes into force— a no notice to treat is to be served under Part 1 of the 1965 Act; and b no declaration is to be executed under section 4 (execution of declaration) of the 1981 Act as applied by article 26 (application of the Compulsory Purchase (Vesting Declarations) Act 1981). 2 The authority conferred by article 30 (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development) ceases at the end of the period referred to in paragraph (1) , except that nothing in this paragraph prevents the undertaker from remaining in possession of land after the end of that period, if the land was entered and possession was taken before the end of that period. Compulsory acquisition of rights 23 1 Subject to paragraphs (2) to (4) , the undertaker may acquire such rights over the Order land or impose restrictive covenants affecting the land as may be required for any purpose for which that land may be acquired under article 20 (compulsory acquisition of land), by creating them as well as acquiring rights already in existence. 2 In the case of the Order land specified in column (1) of Schedule 5 (land in which only new rights etc. may be acquired) the undertaker’s powers of compulsory acquisition are limited to the acquisition of such wayleaves, easements, or new rights in the land or the imposition of restrictive covenants as may be required for the purpose specified in relation to that land in column (2) of that Schedule. 3 The power to impose restrictive covenants under paragraph (1) is exercisable only in respect of plots specified in column (1) of Schedule 5. 4 Subject to section 8 (other provisions as to divided land) of the 1965 Act, as substituted by paragraph 5 of Schedule 6 (modification of compensation and compulsory purchase enactments for creation of new rights), where the undertaker acquires a right over land or the benefit of a restrictive covenant under paragraph (1) or (2) , the undertaker is not required to acquire a greater interest in that land. 5 Schedule 6 has effect for the purpose of modifying the enactments relating to compensation and the provisions of the 1965 Act in their application in relation to the compulsory acquisition under this article of a right over land by the creation of a new right or the imposition of a restrictive covenant. Public rights of way 24 1 The public rights of way identified in columns (1) to (3) of Parts 1 and 2 of Schedule 4 (permanent stopping up of highways and private means of access and provision of new highways and private means of access) and shown on the rights of way and access plans are to be extinguished on the date of the expiry of the notice given under paragraph (2)(a) . 2 Prior to the extinguishment of each of the public rights of way identified in columns (1) to (3) of Parts 1 and 2 of Schedule 4 and shown on the rights of way and access plans the undertaker must— a erect a site notice at each end of the rights of way to be extinguished no less than 28 days prior to the extinguishment of that right of way; and b where applicable, have provided the relevant alternative section of public right of way identified in column (4) of Part 1 of Schedule 4 and shown on the rights of way and access plans. Private rights over land 25 1 Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights over land subject to compulsory acquisition under this Order are extinguished— a from the date of acquisition of the land by the undertaker, whether compulsorily or by agreement; or b on the date of entry onto the land by the undertaker under section 11(1) (powers of entry) of the 1965 Act, whichever is the earlier. 2 Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights over land subject to the compulsory acquisition of rights or the imposition of restrictive covenants under this Order are extinguished in so far as their continuance would be inconsistent with the exercise of the right or burden of the restrictive covenant— a from the date of the acquisition of the right or the benefit of the restrictive covenant by the undertaker, whether compulsorily or by agreement; or b from the date of entry onto the land by the undertaker under section 11(1) of the 1965 Act (power of entry), whichever is the earlier. 3 Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights over land owned by the undertaker which, being within the limits of land which may be acquired or used shown on the land plans, are extinguished on commencement of any activity authorised by this Order which interferes with or breaches those rights. 4 Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights over land of which the undertaker takes temporary possession under this Order are suspended and unenforceable for as long as the undertaker remains in lawful possession of the land. 5 Any person who suffers loss by the extinguishment or suspension of any private right under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 6 This article does not apply in relation to any right to which section 138 (extinguishment of rights, and removal of apparatus, of statutory undertakers etc.) of the 2008 Act or article 32 (statutory undertakers) applies. 7 Paragraphs (1) to (4) have effect subject to— a any notice given by the undertaker before— i the completion of the acquisition of the land or the acquisition of the rights or the imposition of restrictive covenants over or affecting the land; or ii the undertaker’s appropriation of it; or iii the undertaker’s entry onto it; or iv the undertaker’s taking temporary possession of it, that any or all of those paragraphs do not apply to any right specified in the notice; and b any agreement made at any time between the undertaker and the person in or to whom the right in question is vested or belongs. 8 If any such agreement as is referred to in paragraph (7)(b) — a is made with a person in or to whom the right is vested or belongs; and b is expressed to have effect also for the benefit of those deriving title from or under that person, it is effective in respect of the persons so deriving title, whether the title was derived before or after the making of the agreement. 9 References in this article to private rights over land include any trust, incident, easement, liberty, privilege, right or advantage annexed to land and adversely affecting other land, including any natural right to support and include restrictions as to the user of land arising by virtue of a contract, agreement or undertaking having that effect. Application of the 1981 Act 26 1 The 1981 Act applies as if this Order were a compulsory purchase order. 2 The 1981 Act, as applied by paragraph (1), has effect with the following modifications. 3 In section 1 (application of act) for subsection (2) substitute— 2 This section applies to any Minister, any local or other public authority or any other body or person authorised to acquire land by means of a compulsory purchase order. . 4 In section 3 (preliminary notices) for subsection (1) substitute— 1 Before making a declaration under section 4 with respect to any land which is subject to a compulsory purchase order the acquiring authority must include the particulars specified in subsection (3) in a notice which is— a given to every person with a relevant interest in the land with respect to which the declaration is to be made (other than a mortgagee who is not in possession); and b published in a local newspaper circulating in the area in which the land is situated. . 5 In that section, in subsection (2), for “(1)(b)” substitute “(1)” and after “given” insert “and published”. 6 In that section, for subsections (5) and (6) substitute— 5 For the purposes of this section, a person has a relevant interest in land if— a that person is for the time being entitled to dispose of the fee simple of the land, whether in possession or in reversion; or b that person holds, or is entitled to the rents and profits of, the land under a lease or agreement, the unexpired term of which exceeds one month. . 7 In section 5 (earliest date for execution of declaration)— a in subsection (1), after “publication” insert “in a local newspaper circulating in the area in which the land is situated”; and b omit subsection (2). 8 In section 7 (constructive notice to treat) in subsection (1)(a), omit “(as modified by section 4 of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981)”. 9 References to the 1965 Act in the 1981 Act are to be construed as references to the 1965 Act as applied by section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act to the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order. Acquisition of subsoil or airspace only 27 1 The undertaker may acquire compulsorily so much of, or such rights in, the subsoil of or the airspace over the land referred to in paragraph (1) of article 20 (compulsory acquisition of land) as may be required for any purpose for which that land may be acquired under that provision instead of acquiring the whole of the land. 2 Where the undertaker acquires any part of, or rights in, the subsoil of or the airspace over land referred to in paragraph (1) , the undertaker is not required to acquire an interest in any other part of the land. 3 Paragraph (2) does not prevent article 28 (acquisition of part of certain properties) from applying where the undertaker acquires a cellar, vault, arch or other construction forming part of a house, building or manufactory. Acquisition of part of certain properties 28 1 This article applies instead of section 8(1) (other provisions as to divided land) of the 1965 Act (as applied by section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act) where— a a notice to treat is served on a person (“the owner”) under the 1965 Act (as so applied) in respect of land forming part only of a house, building or manufactory or part only of land consisting of a house with a park or garden (“the land subject to the notice to treat”); and b a copy of this article is served on the owner with the notice to treat. 2 In such a case, the owner may, within the period of 21 days beginning with the day on which the notice was served, serve on the undertaker a counter-notice objecting to the sale of the land subject to the notice to treat and stating that the owner is willing and able to sell the whole (“the land subject to the counter-notice”). 3 If no such counter-notice is served within that period, the owner must sell the land subject to the notice to treat. 4 If such a counter-notice is served within that period, the question whether the owner must sell only the land subject to the notice to treat is, unless the undertaker agrees to take the land subject to the counter-notice, to be referred to the tribunal. 5 If on such a reference the tribunal determine that the land subject to the notice to treat can be taken— a without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice; or b where the land subject to notice to treat forms part of land consisting of a house with a park or garden, without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice and without seriously affecting the amenity and convenience of the house, the owner must sell the land subject to the notice to treat. 6 If on such a reference the tribunal determine that only part of the land subject to the notice to treat can be taken— a without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice; or b where the land subject to notice to treat forms part of land consisting of a house with a park or garden, without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice and without seriously affecting the amenity and convenience of the house, the notice to treat is deemed to be a notice to treat for that part. 7 If on such a reference the tribunal determine that— a the land subject to the notice to treat cannot be taken without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice; but b the material detriment is confined to a part of the land subject to the counter-notice, the notice to treat is deemed to be a notice to treat for the land to which the material detriment is confined in addition to the land already subject to the notice, whether or not the additional land is land which the undertaker is authorised to acquire compulsorily under this Order. 8 If the undertaker agrees to take the land subject to the counter-notice, or if the tribunal determine that— a none of the land subject to the notice to treat can be taken without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice or, as the case may be, without material detriment to the remainder of the land subject to the counter-notice and without seriously affecting the amenity and convenience of the house; and b the material detriment is not confined to a part of the land subject to the counter-notice, the notice to treat is deemed to be a notice to treat for the land subject to the counter-notice whether or not the whole of that land is land which the undertaker is authorised to acquire compulsorily under this Order. 9 Where, by reason of a determination by the tribunal under this article a notice to treat is deemed to be a notice to treat for less land or more land than that specified in the notice, the undertaker may, within the period of 6 weeks beginning with the day on which the determination is made, withdraw the notice to treat; and in that event must pay the owner compensation for any loss or expense occasioned to the owner by the giving and withdrawal of the notice, to be determined in case of dispute by the tribunal. 10 Where the owner is required under this article to sell part only of a house, building or manufactory or of land consisting of a house with a park or garden, the undertaker must pay the owner compensation for any loss sustained by the owner due to the severance of that part in addition to the value of the interest acquired. Rights under or over streets 29 1 The undertaker may enter on and appropriate so much of the subsoil of, or airspace over, any street within the Order limits as may be required for the purposes of the authorised development and may use the subsoil or airspace for those purposes or any other purpose ancillary to the authorised development. 2 Subject to paragraph (3) , the undertaker may exercise any power conferred by paragraph (1) in relation to a street without being required to acquire any part of the street or any easement or right in the street. 3 Paragraph (2) does not apply in relation to— a any subway or underground building; or b any cellar, vault, arch or other construction in, on or under a street which forms part of a building fronting onto the street. 4 Subject to paragraph (5) , any person who is an owner or occupier of land in respect of which the power of appropriation conferred by paragraph (1) is exercised without the undertaker acquiring any part of that person’s interest in the land, and who suffers loss as a result, is entitled to compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 5 Compensation is not payable under paragraph (4) to any person who is an undertaker to whom section 85 (sharing cost of necessary measures) of the 1991 Act applies in respect of measures of which the allowable costs are to be borne in accordance with that section. Temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development 30 1 The undertaker may, in connection with the carrying out of the authorised development but subject to article 22(1) (time limit for exercise of powers to possess land temporarily or to acquire land compulsorily)— a enter on and take temporary possession of— i the land specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 7 (land of which temporary possession may be taken) for the purpose specified in relation to that land in column (3) of that Schedule relating to the part of the authorised development specified in column (4) of that Schedule; and ii any other Order land in respect of which no notice of entry has been served under section 11 (powers of entry) of the 1965 Act (other than in connection with the acquisition of rights only) and no declaration has been made under section 4 (execution of declaration) of the 1981 Act; b remove any buildings and vegetation from that land; c construct temporary works (including the provision of means of access) and buildings on that land; and d construct any permanent works specified in relation to that land in column (3) of Schedule 7, or any other mitigation works. 2 Not less than 14 days before entering on and taking temporary possession of land under this article the undertaker must serve notice of the intended entry on the owners and occupiers of the land. 3 The undertaker may not, without the agreement of the owners of the land, remain in possession of any land under this article— a in the case of any land specified in paragraph (1)(a)(i) , after the end of the period of one year beginning with the date of completion of the part of the authorised development specified in relation to that land in column (4) of Schedule 7, or b in the case of any land referred to in paragraph (1)(a)(ii) , after the end of the period of one year beginning with the date of completion of the work for which temporary possession of the land was taken unless the undertaker has, by the end of that period, served a notice of entry under section 11 of the 1965 Act or made a declaration under section 4 of the 1981 Act in relation to that land. 4 Before giving up possession of land of which temporary possession has been taken under this article, the undertaker must remove all temporary works and restore the land to the reasonable satisfaction of the owners of the land; but the undertaker is not required to— a replace a building removed under this article; b restore the land on which any permanent works have been constructed under paragraph (1)(d) ; c remove any ground strengthening works which have been placed on the land to facilitate construction of the authorised development; or d remove any measures installed over or around statutory undertakers’ apparatus to protect that apparatus from the authorised development. 5 The undertaker must pay compensation to the owners and occupiers of land of which temporary possession is taken under this article for any loss or damage arising from the exercise in relation to the land of the provisions of this article. 6 Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (5) , or as to the amount of the compensation, is to be determined under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 7 Nothing in this article affects any liability to pay compensation under section 152 (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance) of the 2008 Act or under any other enactment in respect of loss or damage arising from the execution of any works, other than loss or damage for which compensation is payable under paragraph (5) . 8 The undertaker may not compulsorily acquire under this Order the land referred to in paragraph (1)(a)(i) except that the undertaker is not to be precluded from— a acquiring new rights over any part of that land under article 23 (compulsory acquisition of rights); or b acquiring any part of the subsoil of that land or rights in the subsoil or airspace over that land, under article 27 (acquisition of subsoil or airspace only). 9 Where the undertaker takes possession of land under this article, the undertaker is not required to acquire the land or any interest in it. 10 Section 13 (refusal to give possession to acquiring authority) of the 1965 Act applies to the temporary use of land under this article to the same extent as it applies to the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order by virtue of section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act. Temporary use of land for maintaining the authorised development 31 1 Subject to paragraph (2) , at any time during the maintenance period relating to any of the authorised development, the undertaker may— a enter upon and take temporary possession of any land within the Order limits if possession is reasonably required for the purpose of maintaining the authorised development; b enter on any land within the Order limits for the purpose of gaining such access as is reasonably required for the purpose of maintaining the authorised development; and c construct such temporary works (including the provision of means of access) and buildings on the land as may be reasonably necessary for that purpose. 2 Paragraph (1) does not authorise the undertaker to take temporary possession of— a any house or garden belonging to a house; or b any building (other than a house) if it is for the time being occupied. 3 Not less than 28 days before entering upon and taking temporary possession of land under this article the undertaker must serve notice of the intended entry on the owners and occupiers of the land. 4 The undertaker may only remain in possession of land under this article for so long as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the maintenance of the part of the authorised development for which possession of the land was taken. 5 Before giving up possession of land of which temporary possession has been taken under this article, the undertaker must remove all temporary works and restore the land to the reasonable satisfaction of the owners of the land. 6 The undertaker must pay compensation to the owners and occupiers of land of which temporary possession is taken under this article for any loss or damage arising from the exercise in relation to the land of the powers conferred by this article. 7 Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (6) , or as to the amount of the compensation, must be determined under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 8 Nothing in this article affects any liability to pay compensation under section 152 (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance) of the 2008 Act or under any other enactment in respect of loss or damage arising from the execution of any works, other than loss or damage for which compensation is payable under paragraph (6) . 9 Where the undertaker takes possession of land under this article, it is not required to acquire the land or any interest in it. 10 Section 13 (refusal to give possession to the acquiring authority) of the 1965 Act applies to the temporary use of land under this article to the same extent as it applies to the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order by virtue of section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act. 11 In this article “the maintenance period”, in relation to any part of the authorised development, means the period of 5 years beginning with the date on which that part of the authorised development is first opened for use. Statutory undertakers 32 1 Subject to the provisions of article 23(3) (compulsory acquisition of rights), Schedule 9 (protective provisions) and paragraph (2) , the undertaker may— a acquire compulsorily, or acquire new rights or impose restrictive covenants over any Order land belonging to statutory undertakers; and b extinguish the rights of, remove or reposition the apparatus belonging to statutory undertakers over or within the Order land. 2 Paragraph (1)(b) has no effect in relation to apparatus in respect of which the following provisions apply— a Part 3 (street works in England and Wales) of the 1991 Act; or b article 33 (apparatus and rights of statutory undertakers in stopped up streets). Apparatus and rights of statutory undertakers in stopped up streets 33 1 Where a street is stopped up under article 13 (permanent stopping up of streets and private means of access), any statutory utility whose apparatus is under, in, on, along or across the street has the same powers and rights in respect of that apparatus, subject to the provisions of this article, as if this Order had not been made. 2 Where a street is stopped up under article 13 any statutory utility whose apparatus is under, in, on, over, along or across the street may, and if reasonably requested to do so by the undertaker must— a remove the apparatus and place it or other apparatus provided in substitution for it in such other position as the utility may reasonably determine and have power to place it; or b provide other apparatus in substitution for the existing apparatus and place it in such position as described in sub-paragraph (a) . 3 Subject to the following provisions of this article, the undertaker must pay to any statutory utility an amount equal to the cost reasonably incurred by the utility in or in connection with— a the execution of the relocation works required in consequence of the stopping up of the street; and b the doing of any other work or thing rendered necessary by the execution of the relocation works. 4 If in the course of the execution of relocation works under paragraph (2) — a apparatus of a better type, of greater capacity or of greater dimensions is placed in substitution for existing apparatus; or b apparatus (whether existing apparatus or apparatus substituted for existing apparatus) is placed at a depth greater than the depth at which the existing apparatus was, and the placing of apparatus of that type or capacity or of those dimensions or the placing of apparatus at that depth, as the case may be, is not agreed by the undertaker, or, in default of agreement, is not determined by arbitration to be necessary, then, if it involves cost in the execution of the relocation works exceeding that which would have been involved if the apparatus placed had been of the existing type, capacity or dimensions, or at the existing depth, as the case may be, the amount which, apart from this paragraph, would be payable to the statutory utility by virtue of paragraph (3) is to be reduced by the amount of that excess. 5 For the purposes of paragraph (4) — a an extension of apparatus to a length greater than the length of existing apparatus is not to be treated as a placing of apparatus of greater dimensions than those of the existing apparatus; and b where the provision of a joint in a cable is agreed, or is determined to be necessary, the consequential provision of a jointing chamber or of a manhole is to be treated as if it also had been agreed or had been so determined. 6 An amount which, apart from this paragraph, would be payable to a statutory utility in respect of works by virtue of paragraph (3) (and having regard, where relevant, to paragraph (4) ) must, if the works include the placing of apparatus provided in substitution for apparatus placed more than 7 years and 6 months earlier so as to confer on the utility any financial benefit by deferment of the time for renewal of the apparatus in the ordinary course, be reduced by the amount which represents that benefit. 7 Paragraphs (3) to (6) do not apply where the authorised development constitutes major highway works, major bridge works or major transport works for the purposes of Part 3 of the 1991 Act, but instead— a the allowable costs of the relocation works are to be determined in accordance with section 85 (sharing of cost of necessary measures) of that Act and any regulations for the time being having effect under that section; and b the allowable costs are to be borne by the undertaker and the statutory utility in such proportions as may be prescribed by any such regulations. 8 In this article— “relocation works” means work executed, or apparatus provided, under paragraph (2) ; and “statutory utility” means a statutory undertaker for the purposes of the 1980 Act or a public communications provider as defined in section 151(1) of the Communications Act 2003 . Recovery of costs of new connection 34 1 Where any apparatus of a public utility undertaker or of a public communications provider is removed under article 32 (statutory undertakers) any person who is the owner or occupier of premises to which a supply was given from that apparatus is entitled to recover from the undertaker compensation in respect of expenditure reasonably incurred by that person, in consequence of the removal, for the purpose of effecting a connection between the premises and any other apparatus from which a supply is given. 2 Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of the removal of a public sewer but where such a sewer is removed under article 32 , any person who is— a the owner or occupier of premises the drains of which communicated with that sewer; or b the owner of a private sewer which communicated with that sewer, is entitled to recover from the undertaker compensation in respect of expenditure reasonably incurred by that person, in consequence of the removal, for the purpose of making the drain or sewer belonging to that person communicate with any other public sewer or with a private sewerage disposal plant. 3 This article does not have effect in relation to apparatus to which article 33 (apparatus and rights of statutory undertakers in stopped up streets) or Part 3 of the 1991 Act applies. 4 In this article— “public communications provider” has the same meaning as in section 151(1) of the Communications Act 2003; and “public utility undertaker” means a gas, water, electricity or sewerage undertaker. Special category land 35 1 Upon entry by the undertaker onto the special category land under article 20 (compulsory acquisition of land) or article 23 (compulsory acquisition of rights), so much of the special category land as is required for the purposes of the exercise by the undertaker of the order rights is discharged from all rights, trusts and incidents to which it was previously subject. 2 In this article— “the order rights” means rights exercisable over the special category land by the undertaker under article 20 (compulsory acquisition of land) or article 23 (compulsory acquisition of rights); and “the special category land” means the land identified as forming open space and registered common land and numbered 22/31, 23/2a, 23/1h, 23/1j, 23/1k, 23/7, 23/4, 34/1s, 34/31r, 34/32d and 34/34b in the book of reference and on the special category land plans. PART 6 OPERATIONS Felling or lopping of trees and removal of hedgerows 36 1 The undertaker may fell or lop any tree or shrub within or overhanging land within the Order limits, or cut back its roots, if the undertaker reasonably believes it to be necessary to do so to prevent the tree or shrub— a from obstructing or interfering with the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised development or any apparatus used in connection with the authorised development; or b from constituting a danger to persons using the authorised development. 2 In carrying out any activity authorised by paragraph (1) , the undertaker must do no unnecessary damage to any tree or shrub and must pay compensation to any person for any loss or damage arising from such activity. 3 Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (2) , or as to the amount of compensation, is to be determined under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. 4 The undertaker may, for the purposes of carrying out the authorised development but subject to paragraph (2) , remove any hedgerow within the Order limits that is required to be removed. 5 In this article “hedgerow” has the same meaning as in the Hedgerow Regulations 1997 . Trees subject to tree preservation orders 37 1 The undertaker may fell or lop any tree described in Schedule 8 (trees subject to tree preservation orders), cut back its roots or undertake such other works described in column 2 of that Schedule if it reasonably believes it to be necessary in order to do so to prevent the tree or shrub— a from obstructing or interfering with the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised development or any apparatus used in connection with the authorised development; or b from constituting a danger to persons using the authorised development. 2 In carrying out any activity authorised by paragraph (1) — a the undertaker must not cause unnecessary damage to any tree or shrub and must pay compensation to any person for any loss or damage arising from such activity; and b the duty imposed by section 206(1) of the 1990 Act (replacement of trees) does not apply. 3 The authority given by paragraph (1) constitutes a deemed consent under the relevant tree preservation order. 4 Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (2) , or as to the amount of compensation, is to be determined under Part 1 of the 1961 Act. PART 7 MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL Operational land for purposes of the 1990 Act 38 Development consent granted by this Order is to be treated as specific planning permission for the purposes of section 264(3)(a) (cases in which land is to be treated as operational land for the purposes of that Act) of the 1990 Act. Defence to proceedings in respect of statutory nuisance 39 1 Where proceedings are brought under section 82(1) (summary proceedings by person aggrieved by statutory nuisance) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 in relation to a nuisance falling within paragraph (g) of section 79(1) (noise emitted from premises so as to be prejudicial to health or a nuisance) of that Act no order is to be made, and no fine may be imposed, under section 82(2) of that Act if— a the defendant shows that the nuisance— i relates to premises used by the undertaker for the purposes of or in connection with the construction or maintenance of the authorised development and that the nuisance is attributable to the carrying out of the authorised development in accordance with a notice served under section 60 (control of noise on construction site), or a consent given under section 61 (prior consent for work on construction site) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 ; or ii is a consequence of the construction or maintenance of the authorised development and that it cannot reasonably be avoided; or b the defendant shows that the nuisance is a consequence of the use of the authorised development and that it cannot reasonably be avoided. 2 Section 61(9) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 of that Act, does not apply where the consent relates to the use of premises by the undertaker for the purposes of or in connection with the construction or maintenance of the authorised development. Protective provisions 40 Schedule 9 (protective provisions) has effect. Certification of plans, etc. 41 1 As soon as practicable after the making of this Order, the undertaker must submit copies of each of the plans and documents set out in Schedule 10 (documents to be certified) to the Secretary of State for certification as true copies of those plans and documents. 2 Where any plan or document set out in Schedule 10 requires to be amended to reflect the terms of the Secretary of State’s decision to make this Order, that plan or document in the form amended to the Secretary of State’s satisfaction is the version of the plan or document required to be certified under paragraph (1). 3 A plan or document so certified is admissible in any proceedings as evidence of the contents of the plan or document of which it is a copy. 4 The undertaker must, following certification of the plans or documents in accordance with paragraph (1) , make those plans or documents available in electronic form for inspection by members of the public. Service of notices 42 1 A notice or other document required or authorised to be served for the purposes of this Order may be served— a by post; b by delivering it to the person on whom it is to be served or to whom it is to be given or supplied; or c with the consent of the recipient and subject to paragraphs (5) to (8) by electronic transmission. 2 Where the person on whom a notice or other document to be served for the purposes of this Order is a body corporate, the notice or document is duly served if it is served on the secretary or clerk of that body. 3 For the purposes of section 7 (references to service by post) of the Interpretation Act 1978 as it applies for the purposes of this article, the proper address of any person in relation to the service on that person of a notice or document under paragraph (1) is, if that person has given an address for service, that address, and otherwise— a in the case of the secretary or clerk of a body corporate, the registered or principal office of that body; and b in any other case, the last known address of that person at the time of service. 4 Where for the purposes of this Order a notice or other document is required or authorised to be served on a person as having any interest in, or as the occupier of, land and the name or address of that person cannot be ascertained after reasonable enquiry, the notice may be served by— a addressing it to that person by name or by the description of “owner”, or as the case may be “occupier”, of the land (describing it); and b either leaving it in the hands of a person who is or appears to be resident or employed on the land or leaving it conspicuously affixed to some building or object on or near the land. 5 Where a notice or other document required to be served or sent for the purposes of this Order is served or sent by electronic transmission the requirement is taken to be fulfilled only where— a the recipient of the notice or other document to be transmitted has given consent to the use of electronic transmission in writing or by electronic transmission; b the notice or document is capable of being accessed by the recipient; c the notice or document is legible in all material respects; and d the notice or document is in a form sufficiently permanent to be used for subsequent reference. 6 Where the recipient of a notice or other document served or sent by electronic transmission notifies the sender within 7 days of receipt that the recipient requires a paper copy of all or part of that notice or other document the sender must provide such a copy as soon as reasonably practicable. 7 Any consent to the use of electronic communication given by a person may be revoked by that person in accordance with paragraph (8) . 8 Where a person is no longer willing to accept the use of electronic transmission for any of the purposes of this Order— a that person must give notice in writing or by electronic transmission revoking any consent given by that person for that purpose; and b such revocation is final and takes effect on a date specified by the person in the notice but that date must not be less than 7 days after the date on which the notice is given. 9 This article does not exclude the employment of any method of service not expressly provided for by it. 10 In this article “legible in all material respects” means that the information contained in the notice or document is available to that person to no lesser extent than it would be if served, given or supplied by means of a notice or document in printed form. Arbitration 43 Except where otherwise expressly provided for in this Order and unless otherwise agreed in writing between the parties, any difference under any provision of this Order (other than a difference which falls to be determined by the tribunal) must be referred to and settled by a single arbitrator to be agreed between the parties or, failing agreement, to be appointed on the application of either party (after giving notice in writing to the other) by the President of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Appeals 44 1 Except as otherwise provided in this Order, the undertaker may appeal in the event that a local authority issues a notice further to section 60 (control of noise on construction sites) or 61 (prior consent for work on construction sites) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974. 2 The appeal process is as follows— a any appeal by the undertaker must be made within 42 days of the date of the notice of the decision; b the undertaker must submit the appeal documentation to the Secretary of State and must on the same day provide copies of the appeal documentation to the local authority and affix a notice to a conspicuous object on or near the site of the works which are the subject of such appeal, which must give details of the decision of the local authority and notice that an appeal has been made together with the address within the locality where appeal documents may be inspected and details of the manner in which representations on the appeal may be made; c as soon as is practicable after receiving the appeal documentation, the Secretary of State must appoint a person to consider the appeal (“the appointed person”) and must notify the appeal parties of the identity of the appointed person and the address to which all correspondence for their attention should be sent; d the local authority must submit their written representations to the appointed person in respect of the appeal within 10 business days of the start date and must ensure that copies of their written representations and any other representations as sent to the appointed person are sent to each other and to the undertaker on the day on which they are submitted to the appointed person; e the appeal parties must make any counter-submissions to the appointed person within 10 business days of receipt of written representations under sub-paragraph (d) above; and f the appointed person must make a decision and notify it to the appeal parties, with reasons, as soon as reasonably practicable. 3 The appointment of the person under sub-paragraph (2)(c) may be undertaken by a person appointed by the Secretary of State for this purpose instead of by the Secretary of State. 4 In the event that the appointed person considers that further information is necessary to enable the appointed person to consider the appeal the appointed person must as soon as practicable notify the appeal parties in writing specifying the further information required, the appeal party from whom the information is sought, and the date by which the information is to be submitted. 5 Any further information required under sub-paragraph (4) must be provided by the party from whom the information is sought to the appointed person and to other appeal parties by the date specified by the appointed person. The appointed person must notify the appeal parties of the revised timetable for the appeal on or before that day. The revised timetable for the appeal must require submission of written representations to the appointed person within 10 business days of the agreed date but must otherwise be in accordance with the process and time limits set out in paragraph (2)(c) to (e) . 6 On an appeal under this paragraph, the appointed person may— a allow or dismiss the appeal; or b reverse or vary any part of the decision of the local authority (whether the appeal relates to that part of it or not), and may deal with the application as if it had been made to the appointed person in the first instance. 7 The appointed person may proceed to a decision on an appeal taking into account such written representations as have been sent within the relevant time limits and in the sole discretion of the appointed person such written representations as have been sent outside the relevant time limits. 8 The appointed person may proceed to a decision even though no written representations have been made within the relevant time limits, if it appears to the appointed person that there is sufficient material to enable a decision to be made on the merits of the case. 9 The decision of the appointed person on an appeal is final and binding on the parties, and a court may entertain proceedings for questioning the decision only if the proceedings are brought by a claim for judicial review. 10 The local authority may confirm any determination given by the appointed person in identical form in writing but a failure to give such confirmation (or a failure to give it in identical form) does not affect or invalidate the effect of the appointed person’s determination. 11 Except where a direction is given under sub-paragraph (12) requiring the costs of the appointed person to be paid by the local authority, the reasonable costs of the appointed person must be met by the undertaker. 12 On application by the local authority or the undertaker, the appointed person may give directions as to the costs of the appeal parties and as to the parties by whom the costs of the appeal are to be paid. In considering whether to make any such direction and the terms on which it must be made, the appointed person must have regard to the Planning Practice Guidance published by the Department for Communities and Local Government on 6th March 2014 or any circular or guidance which may from time to time replace it. Traffic regulation 45 1 This article applies to roads in respect of which the undertaker is not the traffic authority. 2 Subject to the provisions of this article, and the consent of the traffic authority in whose area the road concerned is situated, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld, the undertaker may, for the purposes of the authorised development— a revoke, amend or suspend in whole or in part any order made, or having effect as if made, under the 1984 Act; b permit, prohibit or restrict the stopping, waiting, loading or unloading of vehicles on any road; c authorise the use as a parking place of any road; d make provision as to the direction or priority of vehicular traffic on any road; and e permit or prohibit vehicular access to any road, either at all times or at times, on days or during such periods as may be specified by the undertaker. 3 The power conferred by paragraph (2) may be exercised at any time prior to the expiry of 12 months from the opening of the authorised development for public use but subject to paragraph (7) any prohibition, restriction or other provision made under paragraph (2) may have effect both before and after the expiry of that period. 4 The undertaker must consult the chief officer of police and the traffic authority in whose area the road is situated before complying with the provisions of paragraph (5) . 5 The undertaker must not exercise the powers conferred by paragraph (2) unless the undertaker has— a given not less than— i 12 weeks’ notice in writing of the undertaker’s intention so to do in the case of a prohibition, restriction or other provision intended to have effect permanently; or ii 4 weeks’ notice in writing of the undertaker’s intention so to do in the case of a prohibition, restriction or other provision intended to have effect temporarily, to the chief officer of police and to the traffic authority in whose area the road is situated; and b advertised the undertaker’s intention in such manner as the traffic authority may specify in writing within 28 days of its receipt of notice of the undertaker’s intention in the case of sub-paragraph (a)(i) , or within 7 days of its receipt of notice of the undertaker’s intention in the case of sub-paragraph (a)(ii) . 6 Any prohibition, restriction or other provision made by the undertaker under paragraph (2) — a has effect as if duly made by, as the case may be— i the traffic authority in whose area the road is situated, as a traffic regulation order under the 1984 Act; or ii the local authority in whose area the road is situated, as an order under section 32 (power of local authorities to provide parking spaces) of the 1984 Act, and the instrument by which it is effected may specify savings and exemptions to which the prohibition, restriction or other provision is subject; and b is deemed to be a traffic order for the purposes of Schedule 7 (road traffic contraventions subject to civil enforcement) to the Traffic Management Act 2004 . 7 Any prohibition, restriction or other provision made under this article may be suspended, varied or revoked by the undertaker from time to time by subsequent exercise of the powers conferred by paragraph (2) within a period of 24 months from the opening of the authorised development. 8 Before exercising the powers conferred by paragraph (2) the undertaker must consult such persons as the undertaker considers necessary and appropriate and must take into consideration any representations made to the undertaker by any such person. 9 Expressions used in this article and in the 1984 Act have the same meaning in this article as in that Act. 10 The powers conferred on the undertaker by this article with respect to any road have effect subject to any agreement entered into by the undertaker with any person with an interest in (or who undertakes activities in relation to) premises served by the road. 11 If a traffic authority fails to notify the undertaker of its decision within 28 days of receiving an application for consent under paragraph (2) , the traffic authority is deemed to have granted the consent. Signed by authority of the Secretary of State for Transport Martin Woods Head of the Transport and Works Act Orders Unit Department for Transport 11th May 2016