EDUCATION, ENGLAND AND WALES PART I General Citation and commencement 1 These Regulations may be cited as the Education (Mandatory Awards) Regulations 1991 and shall come into force on 1st September 1991. Definitions 2 In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires– “academic authority” means, in relation to an establishment, the governing body, or other body having the functions of a governing body and includes a person acting with the authority of that body; “authority” means a local education authority; “award” includes either a fees only award or a full award bestowed under these Regulations and any award bestowed under previous Awards Regulations ; “ British Islands ” means the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; “ Certificate in Education ” includes a Teacher’s Certificate; “course”, “designated course”, “sandwich course” and other qualified references to courses have the meanings respectively assigned to them by Regulation 4; “dependent” means wholly or mainly financially dependent; “employment” means full-time employment or part-time employment which, in a normal week, involves a significant number of hours of work and “employed” shall be construed accordingly, and for the purposes hereof the references to employment include references to the holding of any office and to any occupation for gain; “European student” means a person who is a national of a member state of the European Community or the child of such a national and has been ordinarily resident within the relevant territory (excluding the British Islands) throughout the period of three years before the commencement of his course, but who is not entitled to a full award by virtue of Regulation 7; “establishment” means a university or establishment of higher education in the United Kingdom, and “establishment of further education” excludes a university but includes an establishment which also provides higher education; “European Community” means the area comprised by the member states of the European Community (including the United Kingdom) as constituted from time to time; “fees only award” means an award bestowed only in respect of fees described in Schedule 1; “full award” means an award bestowed in respect of both fees described in Schedule 1 and a maintenance grant; “highest-cost country” means Denmark, Finland, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Taiwan; “higher-cost country” means Australia, Austria, Belgium, Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea; “high-cost country” means Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, the USSR and the United States of America; “independent student” has the meaning assigned to it by Regulation 3; “maintenance grant” has the meaning assigned to it by Regulation 17; “periods of experience”, “prescribed proportion” and “sandwich year”, in relation to a sandwich course, have the meanings respectively assigned to them by paragraph 1 of Schedule 5; “previous Awards Regulations” means Regulations made under section 1 of the Education Act 1962 and revoked either by regulation 6 or before the coming into force of these Regulations; “refugee” means a person who is recognised by Her Majesty’s government as a refugee within the meaning of the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees done at Geneva on 28th July 1951 as extended by the Protocol thereto which entered into force on 4th October 1967 or a person who enjoys asylum in the United Kingdom in pursuance of a decision of Her Majesty’s government though not so recognised, and any reference to the child of a refugee includes a reference to a person adopted in pursuance of adoption proceedings and a step-child; “relevant territory” means the territory comprising the European Community and, as respects any period prior to the unification of the Federal Republic of Germany, the former German Democratic Republic; “statutory award” means any award bestowed or grant paid by virtue of the Education Act 1962 or any comparable award or grant which is paid out of moneys provided by Parliament; “student” means a person upon whom an award has been bestowed under these Regulations or previous Awards Regulations; “university” means a university in the United Kingdom and includes a university college and a constituent college, school or hall of a university; “year”, in relation to a course, means the period of twelve months beginning on 1st January, 1st April, 1st July or 1st September according as the academic year of the course in question begins in the winter , the spring, the summer or the autumn respectively; and references to the first year of a designated course shall be construed accordingly. References to independent students 3 1 In these Regulations “independent student” means a student who– a has attained the age of 25 years before the beginning of the year for which payments in pursuance of his award fall to be made; or b has supported himself out of his earnings for periods before the first year of his course aggregating not less than three years; or c has been married for at least two years before the beginning of the year for which payments in pursuance of his award fall to be made whether or not the marriage is still subsisting; or d has no parent living. 2 For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b) a student shall be treated as having supported himself out of his earnings for any period or periods for which– a the student was in receipt of training in pursuance of the Training Opportunities Programme, the Youth Opportunities Programme, the Youth Training Scheme of the Manpower Services Commission or the Training Commission as the case may be or any scheme run by the Training and Enterprise Councils; or b the student was in receipt of unemployment benefit under section 14(1)(a) of the Social Security Act 1975 ; or c before 24th November 1980 (when Schedule 2 to the Social Security Act 1980 came into force), the student was registered for employment; or d on and after that date but before 18th October 1982, the student was registered and available for employment; or e on and after 18th October 1982, the student was available for employment and, if under the age of 18 years, registered for employment; or f he student held a State Studentship or comparable award; or g the student received sickness benefit, invalidity pension, maternity allowance or severe disablement allowance under section 14(1)(b), 15(1)(b), 22(1) or 36(1) of the Social Security Act 1975 as originally enacted or as amended or statutory sick pay under Part I of the Social Security and Housing Benefits Act 1982 or statutory maternity pay under Part V of the Social Security Act 1986 ; or h the student could not reasonably have been expected to support himself out of his earnings because he had the care of a person under the age of 18 years who was dependent upon him. 3 In this regulation– a any reference to a person registered or available for employment is a reference to his being so registered or available for the purposes of section 5 of the Supplementary Benefits Act 1976 or section 20 of the Social Security Act 1986 ; b any reference to an enactment contained in the Supplementary Benefits Act 1976 or the Social Security Act 1975 is a reference to that enactment as from time to time in force and includes, in relation to a period before the coming into force of the enactment in question, a reference to the corresponding enactment then in force; c “parent” shall have the same meaning as in Part II of Schedule 3 to these Regulations. References to courses 4 1 In these Regulations any reference to a designated course shall be construed as a reference to a course designated by or under regulation 10 and, in relation to any person, any reference to such a course (otherwise unqualified) shall, as the context requires, be construed as a reference to a designated course which the person in question attends or has applied to attend; and, in relation to any designated course except one designated under regulation 10(1)(d)(ii) or (iii), any reference to a course shall be construed as a reference to either a course of full-time study or a sandwich course. 2 In these Regulations any reference to a first degree course, a Dip HE course, a course of initial training for teachers, or a course comparable to a first degree course shall be construed in accordance with regulation 10. 3 In these Regulations any reference to a sandwich course shall be construed as a reference to such a course within the meaning of paragraph 1 of Schedule 5. 4 a In the case of a student who began his course before 1st April 1989 any reference to a course of higher education is a reference to a course listed in paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 to the Education (Schools and Further Education) Regulations 1981 as in force on 31st March 1989; b In the case of a student who begins his course on or after 1st April 1989, any reference in these Regulations to a course of higher education shall be construed in accordance with section 120(1) of the Education Reform Act 1988 . General construction and interpretation 5 1 In these Regulations, references to payments made to a student include references to payments made to the academic authority in respect of the student by virtue of regulation 24(2). 2 In calculating a person’s income for any year any reduction for income tax is to be made by calculating the tax payable on the income received in that year as if the year were a year of assessment within the meaning of the Income Tax Acts (the necessary apportionment being made in any case where the relevant provisions of those Acts change during the year). 3 For the purposes of these Regulations a person’s marriage is to be treated as having been terminated, not only by the death of the other spouse or the annulment or dissolution of the marriage by an order of a court of competent jurisdiction, but also by virtue of the parties to the marriage ceasing ordinarily to live together, whether or not an order for their separation has been made by any court. 4 A person shall be treated, for the purposes of regulation 13 as ordinarily resident in England and Wales, in the British Islands or in the relevant territory , if the authority are satisfied that he would have been so resident at the relevant time but for the fact that he, his spouse or his parent, guardian or any other person having actual custody of him during his minority, is, or was, temporarily employed outside England and Wales, outside the British Islands or, as the case may be, outside the relevant territory and paragraph (1)(b) of regulation 13 shall not apply in the case of such a person. 5 Except where the context otherwise requires, in these Regulations any reference to a regulation or a schedule is a reference to a regulation contained herein or a schedule hereto; and a reference in a regulation or a schedule to a paragraph is a reference to a paragraph of that regulation or schedule, and a reference in a paragraph to a subparagraph is a reference to a sub-paragraph thereof. Revocations and transitional provisions 6 1 The Education (Mandatory Awards) Regulations 1990 and the Education (Mandatory Awards) (Amendment) Regulations 1991 are hereby revoked. 2 Subject to paragraph (7) and without prejudice to section 17(2)(b) of the Interpretation Act 1978 and the definition of “award” in regulation 2, an award bestowed in pursuance of previous Awards Regulations before the coming into force of these Regulations, in so far as it could have been bestowed in pursuance of these Regulations, shall, for the purposes thereof, be treated as having been so bestowed. 3 Subject to paragraph (4) , where the current academic year of a student’s course began in the winter or spring of 1991 then, notwithstanding anything in these Regulations, payments in pursuance of his award in respect of the year beginning on 1st January or, as the case may be, 1st April 1991 shall be the aggregate of– a two-thirds or, as the case may be, one-third of the payments which would have fallen to be made in respect of that year under the Education (Mandatory Awards) Regulations 1990 had they not been revoked, and b one-third or, as the case may be, two-thirds of the payments which would have fallen to be made in respect of the year beginning on 1st September 1991 under these Regulations had the academic year of his course begun in the autumn of 1991. 4 In the case of a course at the University of Buckingham beginning in the winter, spring or summer of 1991 then, notwithstanding anything in these Regulations, payments in pursuance of an award in respect of the year beginning on 1st January, 1st April or 1st July (as the case may be) shall be the aggregate of– a three-quarters, one-half or one-quarter (as the case may be) of the payments which would have fallen to be made in respect of that year under the Education (Mandatory Awards) Regulations 1990 had they not been revoked, and b one-quarter, one-half or three-quarters (as the case may be) of the payments which would have fallen to be made in respect of the year beginning on 1st September 1991 under these Regulations had the academic year of the course begun in the autumn of 1991. 5 Where an award was bestowed on a student under section 2 of the Education Act 1962 (“the discretionary award”) in respect of a course to which section 1 of that Act did not then apply but the course becomes or has become a designated course and an award within the meaning of these Regulations is or has been bestowed on the student in respect of that course (“the mandatory award”) then, if the discretionary award continues to be payable it shall be disregarded in calculating the student’s income for the purposes of regulation 18(1)(b) and for the purposes of regulation 23; but payments on account of the mandatory award in respect of fees and in respect of maintenance for any period shall be respectively reduced or extinguished by those on account of the corresponding element of the discretionary award. 6 The Education (Students' Dependants Allowances) Regulations 1983 revoked by the Education (Mandatory Awards) Regulations 1987 shall continue to have effect in relation to an allowance payable or paid thereunder in respect of a period falling before 1st September 1987. 7 An award bestowed under previous Awards Regulations upon a person mentioned in regulation 9(2)(b) or (c) of the Education (Mandatory Awards) Regulations 1987 but not mentioned in regulation 9 of these Regulations shall, in so far as it could otherwise have been bestowed in pursuance of these Regulations, for the purposes thereof, be treated as having been so bestowed. PART II Awards Duty to bestow an award 7 In pursuance of section 1(1) of the Education Act 1962 it shall be the duty of an authority, subject to the conditions and exceptions hereinafter provided, to bestow– 1 a full award in respect of a person’s attendance at a designated course within the meaning of these Regulations during an academic year beginning after 31st August 1991 if the person concerned is ordinarily resident in the authority’s area within the meaning of section 1 of the said Act of 1962 and Schedule 1 thereto, read with these Regulations; 2 where paragraph (1) does not apply, a fees only award in respect of a person’s attendance at a designated course at an establishment in England or Wales during an academic year beginning after the 31st August 1991 if the person is a European student— a in respect of whose fees Essex local education authority has made a payment otherwise than pursuant to previous Awards Regulations or section 1(6) of the Education Act 1962, and the establishment at which he attends his course is within the area of the authority; or b who resided in the area of the authority on the last day of the month of October, February, April or June (according as the academic year of the course begins in the winter, the spring, the summer or the autumn respectively) preceding the beginning of the course, or if he was not resident in England or Wales on that date, if the establishment at which he attends his course is in the area of the authority. Modification of provisions for determining ordinary residence 8 1 This regulation shall have effect for modifying paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 to the Education Act 1962 in the case of a person who, apart from this regulation, would be treated by virtue of that paragraph as having been ordinarily resident in the area of more than one authority within the period of twelve months ending with the date of the beginning of the course. 2 Any such person as is described in paragraph (1) shall be treated as being ordinarily resident in the area of the authority in which he was so resident on the last day of the month of October, February, April , or June (according as the academic year of the course begins in the winter , the spring, the summer or the autumn respectively) preceding the beginning of the course. No area students 9 1 Subject to paragraph (2), a person– a who is entitled to the payment of an award by virtue of Article 7(2) or (3) or Article 12 of Council Regulation ( EEC ) No. 1612/68 on freedom of movement for workers within the Community , or b who is mentioned in paragraph (3)(a) or (3)(b)(i) of regulation 13, but c who, apart from this regulation, would by virtue of paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 to the Education Act 1962 fall to be treated for the purposes of section 1 of that Act as not being ordinarily resident in the area of any authority shall be treated for the purposes of that section as ordinary resident in the area of the authority in which the establishment providing his course is situated. 2 A person on whom an award was bestowed before 1st September 1991 shall be treated as belonging to the area of the authority by whom the award was bestowed so long as he attends the course in question. Designated courses 10 1 The following courses are hereby designated– a a first degree course, that is to say– i a course provided by an establishment for a first degree of a university or for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine or an equivalent degree; ii a course provided by an establishment of further education for a first degree of the Council for National Academic Awards; iii a course provided either by the Cranfield Institute of Technology or by the Cranfield Information Technology Institute for a first degree of the former; iv an international course, that is to say a course provided by an establishment in the United Kingdom in conjunction with a university, college or other institution in another country for a first degree of a university or of the Council for National Academic Awards; b a Dip HE course, that is to say– i a course provided by an establishment for the Diploma of Higher Education; or ii a course provided by an establishment for the Diploma of Higher Education or a first degree as the student may elect after the commencement of the course; iii a course for the Diploma of Higher Education which is for the time being designated for the purposes of this provision by the Secretary of State; c a course provided by an establishment or an establishment of further education for the Higher National Diploma or the Higher National Diploma of the Business & Technician Education Council; d a course of initial training for teachers, that is to say– i a course for the initial training of teachers (other than a course for the degree of Bachelor of Education) provided by an establishment; ii a part-time course of teacher training, involving not less than 3 days' attendance a week during the course, for the time being designated for the purposes of this provision by the Secretary of State; iii any other course of teacher training, whether part-time or partly full-time and partly part-time, for the time being so designated; e a course comparable to a first degree course, that is to say– i a course of at least 3 academic years' duration provided by a university for a certificate, diploma or other academic award; or ii a course for the time being designated for the purposes of this provision by the Secretary of State. 2 In this regulation references to an establishment and an establishment of further education do not include references to establishments of further education which are neither maintained nor assisted by recurrent grants out of public funds. Conditions 11 1 Subject to paragraph (2), the duty of an authority to bestow an award shall be subject to the conditions that– a an application in writing reaches the authority before the end of the term in which the student commences his course; and b the applicant gives the authority a written undertaking that, where any provisional or other payments made in pursuance of the award in respect of a year exceed (for whatever reason) the grant payable in respect of that year, he will, if called upon to do so, repay the excess amount. 2 For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a), an application shall be treated as having reached the authority as there mentioned– a where, to the knowledge of the authority, an application has so reached some other authority; b where, before the end of the term in which the student commenced his course, it has not become a designated course and the application reaches the authority before the end of the first term after it becomes a designated course; c in the case of a refugee, or the spouse or child of a refugee, where the application reaches the authority before the end of the term of his course first beginning after the date on which the refugee was recognised as a refugee or was accorded asylum; or d in the case of a student who before commencing his course was resident in the former German Democratic Republic, or who has previously attended one or more courses of higher education the aggregate duration of which does not exceed two academic years (a part-time course being treated as its full-time equivalent), where the application reached the authority before 31st August 1991; e where, having regard to the circumstances of the particular case, the authority consider that it should be so treated. 3 If the applicant is a minor, paragraph (1)(b) shall have effect, with the necessary modifications, as if the references to the applicant were references to the applicant or his parent. Exceptions relating to attendance at previous courses 12 1 An authority shall not bestow an award on a person in respect of his attendance at a course if it is their duty under regulation 14 to transfer an award already bestowed on him so that it is held in respect of his attendance at that course. 2 Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), an authority shall not be under a duty to bestow an award on any person where he has previously attended one or more courses of higher education the aggregate duration of which (ignoring any periods of unpaid service or research or of practice undertaken as part of the student’s course of the kind mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (g) of paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 5 and, in the case of a sandwich course, periods of experience) exceeds two academic years (a part-time course being treated as its full-time equivalent). 3 A previous course shall be disregarded for the purposes of paragraph (2) if it was provided by a college providing long term residential courses of full-time education for adults which is specified in regulation 7 of the State Awards Regulations 1978 . 4 Nothing in paragraph (2) shall affect the duty of an authority to bestow an award on a person– a in respect of his attendance at a course for the post-graduate Certificate in Education, the Art Teacher’s Certificate or the Art Teacher’s Diploma (or for a qualification comparable with any such certificate or diploma) unless he has previously attended such a course or successfully completed a course which– i was for the degree of Bachelor of Education or a comparable academic award of either a university in the United Kingdom or the Council for National Academic Awards, and ii was approved as a course for the initial training of teachers for the purposes of regulation 16(2)(a) of the Schools Regulations 1959 or of any corresponding provision of regulations from time to time in force under section 27 of the Education Act 1980 or section 218 of the Education Reform Act 1988 ; b in respect of his attendance at any full-time course of initial training as a teacher of one academic year’s duration, or a comparable part-time course, not within sub-paragraph (a) above, unless he has for more than three years held a statutory award in respect of his attendance at a full-time course of higher education or a comparable course outside England and Wales; c in respect of his attendance at a course which– i does not exceed two years' duration; ii is for the degree of Bachelor of Education or a comparable academic award of either a university in the United Kingdom or the Council for National Academic Awards, and iii is approved as a course for the initial training of teachers for the purpose of regulations from time to time in force under section 27 of the Education Act 1980 or section 218 of the Education Reform Act 1988, unless he has previously attended i a course for the postgraduate Certificate in Education, the Art Teacher’s Certificate or the Art Teacher’s Diploma (or for a qualification comparable with any such certificate or diploma), or ii a course (of any length) such as is described in sub-paragraphs (a)(i) and (ii) above. 5 For the purposes of this regulation a person shall not be treated as having previously attended a course by reason only of his having attended from its beginning the course to which his application for an award relates. 6 For the purposes of this regulation a person shall only be treated as having attended a course if he has both attended and held a statutory award in respect of either more than one course or one course for more than one term and seven weeks of a second term; and it is hereby declared that any reference to a person having attended a course shall be construed as a reference to his having done so before or after the coming into force of these Regulations. Other exceptions 13 1 An authority shall not be under a duty to bestow an award in respect of a person’s attendance at a course– a upon a person who has not been ordinarily resident, throughout the three years preceding the first year of the course in question, in the British Islands or, in the case of a European student or of such a person as is mentioned in regulation 9(1)(a), has not been so resident in the relevant territory ; or b upon a person whose residence in the British Islands or, in the case of a European student or of such a person as is mentioned in regulation 9(1)(a), in the relevant territory , has during any part of the period referred to in subparagraph (a) been wholly or mainly for the purposes of receiving full-time education; or c upon a person who has, in the opinion of the authority, shown himself by his conduct to be unfitted to receive an award. 2 Sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a refugee, ordinarily resident in the British Islands, who has not ceased to be so ordinarily resident since he was recognised as a refugee or was granted asylum, in the case of the spouse or child of such a refugee, or in the case of a person mentioned in paragraph (3). 3 That person is a person who is a British citizen within the meaning of the British Nationality Act 1981 – a who was not ordinarily resident in the British Islands throughout the three years preceding the first year of the course in question only because he was ordinarily resident for the purposes of employment in the relevant territory during every part of that period in which he was not ordinarily resident in the British Islands; or b i who was not so resident throughout that period only because his parent is such a person as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a), and ii whose parent is ordinarily resident in England and Wales on the relevant day 4 In paragraph (3), “parent” includes a guardian or any other person having actual custody of a minor; and “relevant day” means the last day of the month of October, February, April, or June (according as the academic year of the course begins in the winter, the spring, the summer or the autumn respectively) preceding the beginning of the course; Transfer of awards 14 1 An award shall be transferred by the authority at the request of a student so as to be held in respect of attendance at a course other than that in respect of which it is held in any case where– a subject to paragraph (2), on the recommendation of the academic authority the student commences to attend another course (“the new course”) at the establishment; b subject to paragraph (2), with the written consent of the academic authorities of both establishments concerned, given on educational grounds, the student commences to attend a course (“the new course”) at another establishment; c subject to paragraph (4), after commencing a course for the Certificate in Education, the student is, on or before the completion of that course, admitted to a course for the degree of Bachelor of Education; d subject to paragraph (4), after commencing a course for the degree (other than an honours degree) of Bachelor of Education, the student is, on or before the completion of that course, admitted to a course for the honours degree of Bachelor of Education. 2 An award shall not be transferred in pursuance of paragraph (1)(a) or (b) unless either– a the requisite recommendation or consent is given before the expiry of four months after the end of the first year of the course in respect of which the award was originally bestowed; or b the authority is satisfied, after consulting the academic authority or authorities concerned, that the fact that the requisite recommendation or consent is given after the expiry of the period specified in paragraph (a) is due only to the need to apply through a clearing admissions system; or c the authority, after consulting the academic authority or authorities concerned, are satisfied that the period which the student in question will ordinarily require for the completion of the new course will expire not later than the period which he would now so require for the completion of the course in respect of which the award is held, ignoring– i in each case, periods of experience which are part of a sandwich course; and ii in the case of the course in respect of which the award is held, any period during which the student would now be required by the academic authority concerned to repeat part of the course, if the authority would not make any payment for maintenance in respect of that period under regulation 25(1). 3 An authority may, after consulting the academic authority concerned, refuse the transfer of an award in pursuance of paragraph (1)(a) or (d) if they are satisfied that when the student applied for it he did not intend to complete the course to which his application related. 4 An award shall not be transferred in pursuance of paragraph (1)(c) or (d) so as to be held in respect of his attendance at a course for the degree of Bachelor of Education if the period which the student in question would ordinarily require for the completion of that course, when aggregated with the period for which the student has already pursued a course in respect of which the award was held, exceeds– a five years where the award would be held in respect of a course for the honours degree of Bachelor of Education; or b four years where the award would be held in respect of a course for that degree not being an honours degree; so, however, that where the student has pursued a part-time course, for the purposes hereof account shall only be taken of that proportion of the period for which he pursued that course which the period ordinarily required to complete the full-time course equivalent to the part-time course bears to the period so required to complete the part-time course. 5 For the purposes of the duty of an authority to transfer an award in pursuance of paragraph (1)(c) or (d) it shall be immaterial whether or not the two courses are provided by the same establishment. Termination of awards 15 1 An award shall terminate on the expiry of the period ordinarily required for the completion of the course: Provided that– if the academic authority refuse to allow the student to complete the course, the authority shall terminate the award forthwith; if the student does not complete the course within the period ordinarily required, the authority– may extend the award until the student has completed the course; and shall extend it for a period equivalent to any period in respect of which they have made any payment under regulation 25(1). 2 The authority may, after consultation with the academic authority, terminate the award if they are satisfied that the student has either– a abandoned the course in respect of which it is held and the award does not fall to be transferred in pursuance of regulation 14; or b shown himself by his conduct to be unfitted to hold the award. Supplementary provisions 16 The authority may require the student to provide from time to time such information as they consider necessary for the exercise of their functions under this Part, and if in the case of any student the authority are satisfied that he has wilfully failed to comply with any such requirement or has provided information which he knows to be false in a material particular or has recklessly provided information which is false in a material particular, they may terminate the award or withhold any payments due under it as they see fit. PART III Payments Payments 17 Subject to regulations 16, 22, 23, 25 and 26, the authority shall in respect of each year pay in pursuance of the award– a in respect of fees, a sum equal to the aggregate of any such fees payable in respect of the student as are described in Schedule 1; b in respect of maintenance– i except in a case in which regulation 20, 21 or 22 applies, a grant calculated in accordance with regulation 18 (in these Regulations called “the maintenance grant”); ii in a case in which one of those regulations applies (subject to regulation 20(2)) a sum or grant determined in accordance with the regulation in question; and so much of the sum or grant referred to in sub-paragraph (b) as appears to the authority to be appropriate shall be treated as being in respect of the Easter and Christmas vacations. Calculation of maintenance grant 18 1 The maintenance grant in respect of any year shall be the amount by which the student’s resources fall short of his requirements and for the purposes of ascertaining that amount– a the requirements of the student shall be taken to be the aggregate of such of the amounts specified in Schedule 2 as are applicable in his case; b the resources of the student shall be taken to be the aggregate of his income for the year calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 3 and any contribution applicable in his case by virtue of Part II or III of that Schedule. 2 This regulation and Schedules 2 and 3 shall have effect– a in the case of such a student as is mentioned in Schedule 4, subject to the provisions thereof; b where regulation 20 applies, subject as therein provided. Assessment of requirements and resources 19 The requirements and resources of a student shall be assessed by the authority and, for the purpose of the exercise of their function under this regulation, the authority shall require the student to provide from time to time such information as they consider necessary as to the resources of any person whose means are relevant to the assessment of his requirements and resources. Sandwich courses 20 1 This regulation shall apply where the course is a sandwich course unless the student is a member of a religious order and regulation 21 applies. 2 For the purpose of calculating payments in respect of maintenance under regulation 17(b) in respect of a sandwich year, that regulation and Schedules 2 and 3 shall have effect subject to the provisions of Schedule 5; but no such payments shall be made in respect of a year in which there are no periods of full-time study. Members of religious orders 21 1 This regulation shall apply where the student is a member of a religious order (“the Order”) unless the course is a course of teacher training designated under regulation 10(1)(d)(iii) and regulation 22 applies. 2 Subject to paragraph (5), the payment in respect of maintenance under regulation 17(b) shall be the sum specified as appropriate in the case of the student in paragraph (3) or (4): Provided that– where the course is a sandwich course, the payment in respect of a sandwich year shall be the prescribed proportion of the sum so specified and no payment shall be made in respect of a year which includes no periods of full-time study; where the course is a part-time course of teacher training designated under regulation 10(1)(d)(ii), the payment shall be three-quarters of the sum so specified. 3 In the case of a student who resides at his parents' home or in a house of the Order, the appropriate sum shall be £905. 4 In the case of any other student, the appropriate sum shall be £1,235 except that, where he is attending a course– a at the University of London, or b at an establishment within the area comprising the City of London and the Metropolitan Police District it shall be £1,550 and where he is attending a course in a country outside the United Kingdom it shall be– £1,890 if that country is a highest-cost country; £1,670 if that country is a higher-cost country; £1,455 if that country is a high-cost country; and £1,235 in any other case. 5 The payment in respect of maintenance, determined as aforesaid, shall, in the case of any student who is attending such a course as is mentioned in paragraph 10(1) of Part II of Schedule 2 and for the purposes thereof necessarily incurs expenditure in the purchase of special equipment, be increased by so much of that expenditure as does not during the course exceed £90. Courses of teacher training 22 1 This regulation shall apply– a where the course is a part-time course of teacher training designated under subparagraph (d)(ii) or (d)(iii) of regulation 10(1); or b where it is a partly full-time and partly part-time one designated under the said sub-paragraph (d)(iii), unless the student is a member of a religious order, the course is a part-time course of teacher training designated under the said sub-paragraph (d)(ii) and regulation 21 applies. 2 Where the course is designated under the said sub-paragraph (d)(ii), the payment in respect of maintenance under regulation 17(b) shall be a grant equal to three-quarters of the maintenance grant. 3 Subject to the following paragraphs, where the course is designated under the said sub-paragraph (d)(iii), the said payment under regulation 17(b) shall be– a in a year in which the student’s periods of study are all periods of full-time study or in which his aggregate period of full-time study is 30 weeks or more, the maintenance grant; b in a year in which the student’s periods of study are all periods of part-time study, the sum of £325; c in any other year, a sum equal to the aggregate of– i the proportion of the maintenance grant which the student’s aggregate period of full-time study in the year, expressed in weeks, bears to 30, and ii the proportion of £325 which the difference between the said aggregate period and 30 weeks bears to 30. 4 In relation to a student employed full-time as a teacher, paragraph (3) shall have effect, except in such a year as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) thereof, as if it provided that the said payment under regulation 17(b) should be £90. 5 In relation to a student attending a course provided at the University of Oxford or Cambridge, sub-paragraphs (a) and (c) of paragraph (3) shall have effect as if any reference therein to– a a period of 30 weeks were a reference to a period of 25 weeks; and b the proportion which a period expressed in weeks bears to 30 were a reference to the proportion which that period bears to 25. 6 For the purposes of this regulation a day shall be reckoned as a seventh of a week. Assisted students 23 1 Notwithstanding anything in the preceding provisions of these Regulations, no payment under regulation 17(a) or (b) shall be made to a person in respect of any year in respect whereof he receives such payments as are mentioned in paragraph (2) amounting to not less than the aggregate of– a such fees payable in respect of him as are described in Schedule 1; and b his requirements for maintenance ascertained in accordance with– i Part I of Schedule 2, ii paragraphs 5 and 6 of Part II of that Schedule, and iii Parts III and IV of that Schedule irrespective of whether any maintenance grant would be payable in his case by virtue of any other provision in these Regulations. 2 The payments referred to in paragraph (1) are the aggregate payments received by the person– a in pursuance of any scholarship, studentship, exhibition or award of similar description bestowed on him in respect of the course (otherwise than in pursuance of section 1 of the Education Act 1962, or by way of a loan under the Education (Student Loans) Act 1990 , or out of access funds held by the establishment at which he attends his course whether those funds were received by the establishment under the Education (Further and Higher Education Institutions Access Funds) Regulations 1990 or by way of grant from the Universities Funding Council or the Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council); and b if he is in gainful employment, by way of remuneration (reduced by income tax and social security contributions) paid in respect of any period for which he has leave of absence or is relieved of his normal duties for the purpose of attending the course; except that, if the person’s course is a part-time course of teacher training designated under regulation 10(1)(d)(iii), and some or all of his periods of study are periods of parttime study, any payments by way of remuneration shall be disregarded. 3 Notwithstanding anything in the preceding provisions of these Regulations, no payment under regulation 17(a) or (b) shall be made to a person in respect of any year in respect whereof he receives any payment in pursuance of any bursary or award of similar description bestowed on him in pursuance of section 63 of the Health Services and Public Health Act 1968 in respect of a course in nursing, occupational therapy, orthoptics, physiotherapy or radiography, or in pursuance of arrangements made by a local education authority for the training of teachers known as the “Articled Teachers' Scheme” in respect of the Postgraduate Certificate in Education or in pursuance of any bursary bestowed on him under the Bursary Scheme for “Part 2” Architecture course students. Method of payment 24 1 Subject to paragraph (2), the authority shall make any payment due under these Regulations in such instalments (if any) and at such times as they consider appropriate: and in the exercise of their functions under this paragraph the authority may in particular make provisional payments pending the final calculation of the award. 2 The authority shall pay such fees as are described in paragraph (a) (excepting subparagraph (iii)) or (b) of Schedule 1 in termly instalments promptly ( and in any event by the date specified in paragraph (4)) when both a valid request for payment in respect thereof has been received and the appropriate term has commenced provided that no payment shall be due when the student has ceased to attend his course (whether or not the authority has been so notified) but has not completed it. Payment of such instalments and of the fees described in paragraphs (a)(iii) and (c) of Schedule 1 may be made to the academic authority but subject thereto all payments shall be made to the student. 3 Without prejudice to regulation 26 or the recovery of an over-payment by way of a deduction from a subsequent payment, any over-payment or under-payment made in pursuance of this regulation shall be adjusted by payment between the student or, as the case may be, the academic authority and the authority. 4 In the case of a course with three terms in each academic year, the authority shall make payment pursuant to paragraph (2) on or before 30th November in the case of the first term, on or before 31st January in the case of the second term and on or before 30th April in the case of the third term or within one month of the receipt by the authority of a valid request for payment, whichever is the later. Discretionary payments 25 1 In respect of any period during which the student repeats any part of his course, the authority shall not be required to make any payments under regulation 17(a) or (b) but may pay in pursuance of the award such sums (if any) as they consider appropriate, being sums not exceeding the amount of any payments that would, apart from this regulation, be payable to that student in respect of that period. 2 Subject to paragraph (3), paragraph (4) shall apply in the case of a student who– a has previously attended a course of higher education being– i a course of up to two academic years' duration, in the case of one designated by or under regulation 10(1); or ii a course of two academic years' duration, in the case of one not so designated (ignoring any periods of unpaid service or research or of practice, undertaken as part of the course of the kind mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (g) in the definition of “periods of experience” in paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 5 and, in the case of a sandwich course, periods of experience) or has previously successfully completed a part-time course corresponding to such a course as is mentioned above “the previous course”); and b holds an award bestowed so as to be held, in respect of a course designated by or under regulation 10(1)(a), (d) or (e) being a course ordinarily of more than one year’s duration (“the current course”). 3 Paragraph (4) shall not apply if the current course is for the degree of Bachelor of Education and a subject thereof is– a physics, chemistry or mathematics (or a combination of those subjects); or b craft, design and technology; or c business studies; or d some other subject the study of which the authority are satisfied fits a person to teach in schools any of the above-mentioned subjects. 4 Where this paragraph applies, the authority shall only be required to make payments under regulation 17(a) or (b) in pursuance of the award in respect of the current course– a where that course is ordinarily of not more than two years' duration, in respect of the final year of the student’s course which, in the case of a sandwich course, includes periods of full-time study; b where that course is ordinarily of a greater number of years' duration, in respect of that number less two of the final years of the student’s course which, in the case of a sandwich course, includes periods of full-time study; but, in respect of any other year of the student’s current course, they may make such payments as they consider appropriate not exceeding those which would, apart from this regulation, have been payable under regulation 17(a) or (b) as aforesaid. 5 In this regulation any reference– a to the ordinary duration of a course is a reference to the period ordinarily required for its completion by a student who is not excused part of the course on account of his having attended a previous course (ignoring any periods of unpaid service or research or of practice undertaken as part of the course of the kind mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (g) in the definition of “periods of experience” in paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 5 and, in the case of a sandwich course, periods of experience); b to the final year or years of a student’s course is, in the case of a student so excused part of the course, a reference thereto after taking account of the consequential reduction in the duration of his course; c to a person’s having attended a course shall be construed as provided in regulation 12(6). Withholding and reduction of payments 26 1 Without prejudice to regulation 16, in the case of any student who is for the time being in default of any requirement to provide such information as is described in regulation 19, the authority may withhold, in part, any payment due to him in respect of maintenance and calculated or determined in accordance with regulation 18, 20, 21 or 22. 2 In respect of any period– a after the termination of an award; b during which a student is excluded from attendance at the course by the academic authority; or c during which a student is absent from his course without leave, any payment otherwise due in pursuance of the award shall be reduced by the aggregate sum mentioned in paragraph (4). 3 In respect of any other period being– a a period during which a student is absent from his course (other than a period of not more than 28 days due to illness); b where an award held in respect of one course is transferred in pursuance of regulation 14 so as to be held in respect of another course, a period during which the student is not required to attend either course (other than the period of a single vacation); or c a period during which the student is detained in pursuance of an order made by any court, the authority may reduce any payment otherwise due in pursuance of the award by such amount, not exceeding the aggregate sum mentioned in paragraph (4), as having regard to all relevant circumstances they consider appropriate. 4 The sum referred to in paragraphs (2) and (3) is the aggregate of– a fees otherwise due that are not payable by reason of the student’s non-attendance; and b the appropriate proportion of the balance of any payments in respect of maintenance payable in pursuance of regulation 17(b).