user: Q: Proto-oncogenes are positive cell-cycle regulators but when mutated, they can become what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/p53_cancer) to learn more about the use of p53 in fighting cancer. Proto-oncogenes are positive cell-cycle regulators. When mutated, proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes and cause cancer. Overexpression of the oncogene can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. This is because oncogenes can alter transcriptional activity, stability, or protein translation of another gene that directly or indirectly controls cell growth. An example of an oncogene involved in cancer is a protein called myc. Myc is a transcription factor that is aberrantly activated in Burkett’s Lymphoma, a cancer of the lymph system. Overexpression of myc transforms normal B cells into cancerous cells that continue to grow uncontrollably. High B-cell numbers can result in tumors that can interfere with normal bodily function. Patients with Burkett’s lymphoma can develop tumors on their jaw or in their mouth that interfere with the ability to eat.   Choices:  - microbes and cause cancer  - bacteria and cause cancer  - cultigens and cause cancer  - oncogenes and cause cancer   A:
oncogenes and cause cancer


Q: Which stage of development is a period during which apoptosis is widespread and plays a crucial role?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:     Choices:  - puberty  - transgenic  - infancy  - embryonic   A:
embryonic


Q: Q: What is the hollow and muscular balloon-shaped organ that collects urine?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The urinary bladder is a hollow and muscular organ. It is shaped a little like a balloon. It is the organ that collects urine.   Choices:  - prostate  - urethra  - kidney  - urinary bladder   A:
A: urinary bladder


Question: Q: Where do biochemical reactions occer?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside living things. Two of the most important biochemical reactions are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.   Choices:  - outside organisms  - inside labs  - in the environment  - inside organisms   A:
Answer: inside organisms


*Question*
Q: Which phylum are all vertebrate organisms a member of?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  All vertebrate organisms are in the phylum Chordata. Invertebrates, which make up about 95% (or more) of the animal kingdom, are divided into over 30 different phyla, some of which are listed below ( Table below ). Numerous invertebrate phyla have just a few species; some have only one described species, yet these are classified into separate phyla because of their unique characteristics. For example, sponges, with pores throughout their body, are from the phylum Porifera. Crabs and lobsters, with jointed appendages, are from the phylum Arthropoda.   Choices:  - pylum protozoa  - phylum hominid  - phylum arthropod  - phylum chordata   A:
**Answer**
phylum chordata


(Question)
Q: Initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances are called what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  H2 + O2 → H2O This is an example of a chemical equation, which is a concise way of representing a chemical reaction. The initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances are called products. Unfortunately, it is also an incomplete chemical equation. The law of conservation of matter says that matter cannot be created or destroyed. In chemical equations, the number of atoms of each element in the reactants must be the same as the number of atoms of each element in the products. If we count the number of hydrogen atoms in the reactants and products, we find two hydrogen atoms. But if we count the number of oxygen atoms in the reactants and products, we find that there are two oxygen atoms in the reactants but only one oxygen atom in the products. What can we do? Can we change the subscripts in the formula for water so that it has two oxygen atoms in it? No; you cannot change the formulas of individual substances because the chemical formula for a given substance is characteristic of that substance. What you can do, however, is to change the number of molecules that react or are produced. We do this one element at a time, going from one side of the reaction to the other, changing the number of molecules of a substance until all elements have the same number of atoms on each side. To accommodate the two oxygen atoms as reactants, let us assume that we have two water molecules as products:.   Choices:  - exports  - imports  - reactors  - products   A:
(Answer)


assistant: products