user: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.

Ex Input:
(CNN) The family of a Mexican national fatally shot by police in Pasco, Washington, has filed a $25 million claim against the city alleging that three officers killed the unarmed man "execution style." 
  
 Antonio Zambrano-Montes, 35, was shot by police Tuesday after he allegedly hurled rocks at vehicles and Pasco officers. 
  
 The city and the police department weren't commenting on the claim, Pasco City Manager Dave Zabell said Saturday. 
  
 The case is attracting attention because a video posted on YouTube shows Zambrano running across a street with police in pursuit before he was fatally shot. The shooting has sparked local protests and anger at what some say is another example of police brutality and excessive force against an unarmed man who is a minority. 
  
 Zambrano-Montes' widow, Teresa De Jesus Meraz Ruiz, 32, and the couple's two minor daughters accused three Pasco officers in "the murder" of Zambrano-Montes, according to the claim filed Friday. 
  
 Antonio Zambrano-Montes 
  
 One officer, Ryan Flanagan, "has a prior history of official misconduct in civil rights matters," the claim alleges. The other two officers are Adam Wright and Adrian Alaniz, the claim said. 
  
 Flanagan is a nine-year veteran; Wright, a firearms instructor with eight years' experience; and Alaniz, an officer with two years on the job, officials said. 
  
 Mexican diplomat concerned 
  
 Meanwhile, the Mexican consul in Seattle, Eduardo Baca, wrote a letter Thursday to Police Chief Robert Metzger expressing "deep concern over the unwarranted use of lethal force against an unarmed Mexican national by police officers." 
  
 JUST WATCHED Police shooting sparks outrage Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Police shooting sparks outrage 01:53 
  
 Baca asked for a thorough investigation "in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Consular Affairs provision, to which both Mexico and the United States are parties." 
  
 On Friday, Metzger wrote a letter to Baca stating that the Pasco department and other law agencies are investigating "the circumstances surrounding the incident." 
  
 When a Tri-City Special Investigations Unit completes its inquiry, the report will be forwarded to the Franklin County Prosecutor's Office, Metzger wrote. 
  
 Police have alleged that Zambrano-Montes was throwing rocks at cars and trucks when he was confronted by officers. Officers attempted "voice commands and low level force," and used a Taser, police said, but those efforts were unsuccessful. 
  
 After two officers were struck with rocks -- at least one of them as large as a softball -- police said the officers resorted to deadly force. 
  
 Didn't understand English 
  
 Zambrano-Montes's family have told reporters he wouldn't have been able to understand the commands. 
  
 "He didn't understand English and they were talking to him in English," one cousin said. "Why not get a Hispanic officer?" 
  
 The incident began, according to the claim, on Tuesday about 5 p.m. when Zambrano-Montes was suspected of throwing rocks. 
  
 A very brief encounter occurred between Zambrano-Montes and police, "during which the officers may have tried to taser" him, the claim said. 
  
 Zambrano-Montes separated from the officer and walked away from them in the crosswalk, the claim said. 
  
 "He had his back to the officers," the claim said. "At this point, the officers started shooting at Mr. Zambrano-Montes. 
  
 "After Mr. Zambrano-Montes reached the other side of the street and got on the sidewalk, he continued to walk away from the officers with his hands out where they could be seen, again showing that he had no knife, no gun or nothing else in his hands that would cause a threat to the three officers who were then lined up on the sidewalk behind ... Antonio Zambrano-Montes," the claim alleges. 
  
 "As Mr. Zambrano-Montes turned toward the officers, all three officers fired multiple rounds, killing Antonio Zambrano-Montes on the sidewalk in front of numerous businesses," the claim alleges. 
  
 "At the time that he was shot and killed, execution style, by the three officers named herein, in broad daylight, and with no knife or firearm in his hands, and for the conduct of throwing rocks at an earlier time, Mr. Zambrano-Montes posed no danger to the three officers, such that they were justified in the use of deadly force..." the claim said. 
  
 JUST WATCHED Mayor: Antonio Martin is not Michael Brown Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Mayor: Antonio Martin is not Michael Brown 04:06 
  
 The claim accuses the police of assault, battery, intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress, wrongful death and civil rights violations. 
  
 Police-involved shootings 
  
 The claim said the incident was the third fatal shooting by a Pasco officer "in a very short period of time," and accused the city of "retaining officers who had a proven history of violation of civil rights against the Latino/Hispanic community" and "allowing and fostering overt racial (animus) towards the Hispanic/Latino community within the Pasco Police Department." 
  
 Zambrano-Montes's shooting death was the fourth fatal officer-involved shooting in Pasco in the past seven months, said city spokesman Jon Funfar. One of those shootings, however, involved a deputy from Benton County, although Pasco is in Franklin County, Funfar said. According to the Tri-City Herald, officers were cleared in the other three shootings. 
  
 The coroner said his office would conduct a separate inquest in the Zambrano-Montes case with six community members, once the law enforcement investigation is complete. 
  
 The family's attorney, George Trejo, said supporters were scheduled to march Saturday from a park to City Hall and the police department. 
  
 On Wednesday, about 100 protesters marched outside Pasco City Hall, with some chanting "It was only a rock," CNN affiliate KEPR reported. 
  
 The shooting comes in a period of strained police-community relations following the police-involved deaths last summer of Eric Garner , 43, on Staten Island in New York and Michael Brown , 18, in Ferguson, Missouri. 
  
 JUST WATCHED Shooting of Tamir Rice ruled a homicide Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Shooting of Tamir Rice ruled a homicide 02:27 
  
 The medical examiner ruled Garner's July 17 death a homicide due to compression of his neck and chest when he was taken down by an officer using a chokehold. His death sparked street protests, a review of police procedures and calls for a federal civil rights investigation. A grand jury declined to prosecute Officer Daniel Pantaleo in the case. 
  
 A few weeks later, Ferguson police Officer Darren Wilson shot Brown after an altercation in the street. 
  
 The death of Brown, who was unarmed, thrust into the forefront the issue of law enforcement's use of deadly force. A grand jury declined to prosecute Wilson, a decision that led to national demonstrations. ||||| Photo Advertisement Continue reading the main story 
  
 PASCO, Wash. — A protest held here Saturday over the police killing of a Mexican-born apple picker had the air of a mournful family picnic. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 About 500 people gathered at a park to protest the death of Antonio Zambrano-Montes, 35, who was killed Tuesday after three officers chased him through a busy intersection with their guns drawn. As he turned to face them, raising his arms, he was felled by their bullets. 
  
 According to police reports, Mr. Zambrano-Montes had been throwing rocks at cars and officers. 
  
 His death was caught on video by a bystander and the footage has been widely disseminated on social media, fueling anger among the mainly Hispanic population of this quiet agricultural hub in southern Washington State, and drawing comparisons to the shooting of an unarmed black teenager, Michael Brown, in Ferguson, Mo. 
  
 “What happened could have happened to any family, to my family,” said Maria de los Angeles Perez, 42, who had come from nearby Kennewick to show her support. She began to cry softly as she signaled to her two sons, Santiago and Samuel. 
  
 Mr. Zambrano-Montes’s family has settled in the region — many came here more than a decade ago to gather apples and asparagus in local fields. Dozens of cousins, aunts and neighbors attended the event. “We cannot count on a just government,” said one cousin, Rosa Cisneros-Zambrano, 50, in an interview before the protest. “Only on a just God.” 
  
 Supporters held signs in English and Spanish, urging officers to “use your training not your guns” and calling for “protection, not intimidation.” One man, taking the microphone, yelled into the crowd “We are all Antonio.” 
  
 But the protest held less vitriol than those that roiled Ferguson in the days after Mr. Brown’s death. Leaders here called for peace and demanded that protesters remove masks. The event was capped by a performance from a man named Fermin Cruz, 42, who strummed a guitar and sang a song called “El Inmigrante,” about a man who wished he were a tree, so he would never have had to leave his homeland. As he sang, many women held each other. 
  
 Also at the protest was a group of four people who had come to show support for the Pasco police and set up folding chairs at the edge of the gathering. 
  
 The group included Kenneth Taylor, 60, a retired police officer whose partner was killed during a traffic stop. “Social media has the tendency to incite people,” he said, adding that people should wait until a full investigation had been conducted before drawing conclusions about whether the shooting was lawful. 
  
 “What’s upset me is the immediate conviction.” 
  
 Police departments in the area have been involved in four other fatal shootings in the last seven months, and this one has drawn national attention to police practices in the Tri-Cities area, a group of municipalities with a population of about 250,000. 
  
 The Pasco Police Department, in conjunction with neighboring departments, will conduct an investigation to determine whether charges should be brought against the officers. They have been placed on leave, pending the outcome. 
  
 The coroner of Franklin County has said that he will order an inquest into the killing, a rare move that will allow a jury of six to determine whether the killing was justified. 
  
 City officials chose not to participate in the demonstration — they did, however, listen to the protesters. 
  
 Mid-protest, Dave Zabell, the city manager, was standing at the border of the gathering, dressed in khaki colors. He could hear voices booming over the microphone — and he commended residents for their measured response to the killing. “They’re trusting the process,” he said. ||||| But here in Pasco, a city of 68,000 that is 56 percent Hispanic, the public killing has pierced the immigrant enclave, spurring protests that have attracted hundreds and highlighting a division between the city’s increasingly Latino populace and its power structure — the police, the city government — which remains largely white. 
  
 Advertisement Continue reading the main story 
  
 While many Hispanics have found work and stable, if not particularly affluent, lives here, the killing has drawn attention to their lack of clout. And, as with blacks in Ferguson, it has intensified feelings among Hispanics that they remain second-tier residents, despite their deep roots here, defined by the many Latino shops that now dominate the main thoroughfare, Lewis Street. 
  
 “They had him like a deer, hunting him,” said Maria Paniagua, 41, a resident with six children. “What happens when one of my kids gets in a jam and runs. Will they shoot him down?” 
  
 Photo 
  
 Though Latino workers have been here since at least the 1960s, attracted by jobs gathering fruit and asparagus in the region’s vast fields, few have moved into law enforcement or city government. Of the city’s 68 officers, 14 are Hispanic. A dozen officers speak Spanish fluently, and some residents cite language barriers that complicate interactions with the police. The City Council has one Latino member. The five-member school board, which oversees a system that is 70 percent Latino, typically has one or two Latino members, but this year has none. 
  
 “People are finally getting their feelings out through this whole Antonio issue,” said Alicia Coria, 18, a former neighbor of Mr. Zambrano-Montes’s who moderated a recent protest, guiding a sea of Latino residents through local streets, signs and fists held high. “The Hispanic community is finally trying to have the power.” 
  
 All three officers involved in last week’s shooting have been placed on paid leave. One of them, Adrian Alaniz, a Pasco native, is Hispanic. 
  
 The shooting has caused soul-searching among some city officials, who, even as they urge the residents to wait for the results of an investigation, say the protests have uncovered anger bubbling below the surface. 
  
 “This was about more than just Antonio,” said City Manager Dave Zabell, who took over the job last August. “It’s part of a community emerging,” he continued, “and frankly, it’s welcomed.” 
  
 Mr. Zambrano-Montes was raised in Michoacán, Mexico. He came to the United States about a decade ago to work in the orchards, said family members, who described him as both caring — guiding newly arrived relatives — and troubled. His wife obtained a protection order against him several years ago, they said, alleging that he had abused her. She, along with their two daughters, eventually moved to California. Mr. Zambrano-Montes was in the country illegally and did not speak English. 
  
 Advertisement Continue reading the main story 
  
 He was arrested for assaulting a police officer in January 2014. The police said he had thrown objects at officers and tried to grab an officer’s pistol. He pleaded guilty in June. 
  
 In recent months he was out of work and appeared increasingly depressed and disoriented, his aunts and cousins said, after falling from a ladder in an apple orchard and breaking both his wrists. Then, in January, he was trapped in a house fire where he was renting a room, which burned his belongings. 
  
 Video 
  
 “What I know is that he was alone, that his wife had left him, that he couldn’t see his daughters,” said his cousin Pedro Farias, 32. “I don’t know what his reasons were” for throwing rocks at the police, “but I know all of this affected him.” 
  
 There are some Hispanics who hold prominent positions in Pasco. Saul Martinez is a council member. Eight of 20 Pasco schools are headed by Latino principals. 
  
 And the Police Department said that it had worked to recruit Hispanic officers in recent years, recognizing the need to reach the group. An Explorer program is one of several recruitment efforts. Intended to train residents ages 14 to 21 in police practices, it has 15 enrollees, all but two or three of whom are Hispanic, said Capt. Ken Roske. 
  
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 Still, despite deep roots here, Hispanics have struggled to break into the city’s highest echelons. Community leaders cite several reasons, including apathy, lack of English skills and education, and the fact that many Latinos are not citizens and cannot vote. 
  
 “There are so many barriers, not only linguistic but psychological, that act like an obstacle,” said Gabriel Portugal, 61, a former vice principal who came to Pasco from Mexico in the 1970s. He is now part of a community group called Consejo Latino, which lobbies the municipality for changes that will help immigrants and their children. 
  
 The video has been a near constant presence here in recent days, played repeatedly on television news in crowded taco shops and bakeries, each time drawing the gaze of those perched over plates of pupusas or pan dulce. Reyes Juarez, 54, said that she had slept little since viewing it, imagining her own son gunned down each time she shuts her eyes. 
  
 “It’s like having the badge gives you the right to take the life of a Mexican,” she said. 
  
 The killing of Mr. Zambrano-Montes has also drawn attention to past accusations of police misconduct. One officer involved in the shooting, Ryan Flanagan, was a defendant in a 2012 lawsuit in which he was accused of using excessive force in 2009 against Maria Davila-Marquez, then 30. 
  
 According to the lawsuit, Ms. Davila-Marquez was walking to pick up her children from child care after work when Officer Flanagan stopped her, somehow confusing her with a teenage suspect. When she requested an interpreter, he refused, said her lawyer, Vito de la Cruz. Another officer arrived, he said, and Ms. Davila-Marquez’s hands were twisted behind her back and her face was shoved onto the hood of the hot car, causing burns. 
  
 Advertisement Continue reading the main story 
  
 The police chief exonerated both officers, saying their conduct was appropriate, Mr. De la Cruz said. The city settled the suit for $100,000. |||||

Ex Output:
Police in Pasco, Wash., are facing international scrutiny in the shooting of a Latino man who had been throwing rocks at officers. Video of the incident shows Antonio Zambrano-Montes fleeing from officers before being shot dead, and the event has prompted protests and reminders of Ferguson, the New York Times reports. Some 500 gathered on Saturday to protest the incident: "What happened could have happened to any family, to my family," a woman tells the Times. A mostly white police force in the 56% Hispanic town has killed three people since July; just 14 of 68 officers are Hispanic. "People are finally getting their feelings out through this whole Antonio issue," says a protest organizer. "The Hispanic community is finally trying to have the power." The city's manager sees a "community emerging … and frankly, it's welcomed." The three officers involved in the shooting, one of whom is Hispanic, are now on paid leave. But both locals and those abroad have been shocked by the video, which has faced criticism from Mexico's president. "It’s like having the badge gives you the right to take the life of a Mexican," says one local woman. Relatives have filed a $25 million claim against the city, saying Zambrano-Montes was killed "execution-style," CNN reports. Zambrano-Montes was born in Mexico and entered the US illegally as an orchard worker. He had a series of run-ins with the law and pleaded guilty to assaulting a police officer in June. His family said he had recently suffered from emotional trouble, though his reasons for throwing rocks weren't clear.


Ex Input:
A new interactive animation shows we are not alone, because Earth is surrounded by junk. 
  
 “Space junk” or orbital debris is any manmade item orbiting Earth and no longer in use, according to NASA. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network tracks anything larger than 10 centimeters. There are currently more than 500,000 pieces of debris being tracked, 20,000 pieces range from the size of a softball up to the size of a bus and moving at speeds up to 17,500 mph. 
  
 The visualization starts at the beginning of the Space Race in 1957 with the launch of Sputnik 1. Each mission thereafter created more space debris. Less than 5 years later when the first manned spacecraft launched in 1961 there were already 200 objects in orbit. 
  
 Dr Stuart Grey, UCL A graphic shows the current amount of space debris orbiting Earth. A graphic shows the current amount of space debris orbiting Earth. (Dr Stuart Grey, UCL) (Dr Stuart Grey, UCL) 
  
 In 2007, a Chinese missile test created more than 2000 pieces of debris and in 2009 two satellites collided and created another 2000 items of debris. Today more than 20,000 pieces of debris orbit the Earth. 
  
 Dr. Stuart Grey at University College London, Space Geodesy and Navigation Laboratory created the interactive graphic using data from space-track.org. According to their website space-track.org promotes spaceflight safety and the peaceful use of space. 
  
 The space debris visualization is featured in the London-based Royal Institution’s 2015 advent calendar. Each day displays a new space-themed item ranging from a video about astronaut dreams to experiments in zero gravity. 
  
 Even the smallest piece of debris can be disastrous for satellites and spacecrafts. NASA protocol is that action must be taken when debris comes within a 30 miles by 30 miles field of the spacecraft. When a debris field is determined in advance the space station can be maneuvered to avoid the collision, but if quick action is needed the crew will move to the Soyuz spacecraft. 
  
 The Department of Defence's Joint Space Operations Center is responsible for tracking NASA's spacecrafts and notifying NASA when a close approach with space debris is likely. 
  
 In July, the space station crew were forced to stay inside the Soyuz capsule for about an hour as an old Russian weather satellite quickly approached and missed the station. 
  
 If space debris orbits low enough to re-enters the Earth's atmosphere they rarely cause any harm. Californians were recently treated to a light show when a Russian SL-4 rocket body re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and burned up. 
  
 More than 100 items of known space debris have fallen from orbit this year, Capt. Nicholas Mercurio, a spokesman for the Joint Functional Component Command for Space told the Los Angeles Times. 
  
 Watch the video above to see the quick version of the graphic, visit rigb.org/docs/debris/ to see the full demonstration. 
  
 Want more space? Follow me @emspeck and like the Go For Launch Facebook page. ||||| Published on Dec 20, 2015 
  
 Almost 20,000 pieces of space debris are currently orbiting the Earth. This visualisation, created by Dr Stuart Grey, lecturer at University College London and part of the Space Geodesy and Navigation Laboratory, shows how the amount of space debris increased from 1957 to 2015, using data on the precise location of each piece of junk ( from https://www.space-track.org ). 
  
  
  
 To see the full story, visit the Royal Institution advent calendar at: http://rigb.org/christmas-lectures/ho... 
  
  
  
 Find out more at http://www.stugrey.com or http://www.twitter.com/stugrey ||||| Stuart Grey, UCL 
  
 When you look into the night sky to marvel at the stars and ponder the vast, unknown chasm that is our universe, you may not spare a thought for what else is up there. Not UFOs, of course -- space debris. 
  
 Yes -- there are currently around 20,000 fragments of space junk orbiting the Earth. Pieces of old satellites, used rocket stages and fragments from collision, erosion and disintegration -- they're all floating up there. 
  
 Closer to Earth, below 2000km, there are around 300,000 pieces, made up of rocket motors, paint flakes, frozen coolant and more. 
  
 Now, Stuart Grey, a lecturer at University College London, has created a video to show how this junk has accumulated. Starting in 1957, when Sputnik first flew, the video shows how collisions and increased space traffic have caused a rapid increase in space debris. 
  
 These loose items don't just look messy, however. Travelling around the Earth at around 17,000mph, they pose serious risk to astronauts and satellites also in orbit. Most unmanned orbits are protected by shields, preventing major damage, but low-mass impacts can cause serious damage by crafts powered by solar panels. 
  
 You may not be safe down on land, either -- according to Nasa, around one piece of debris has fallen to Earth everyday for the last fifty years. ||||| If you somehow had a way to rocket into space prior to October 4, 1957, and look back on the Earth, you would have seen that it was a planet with nothing but the vastness of space surrounding it (well, and whatever magic capsule you were in). Fast forward to today, and that look back at our planet is very different. Since the Russian satellite Sputnik launched on that October day 58 years ago, we've sent thousands of other objects into orbit around our planet, resulting in an ever-growing storm of space junk surrounding Earth. 
  
 A recent YouTube video from Stuart Grey, a lecturer at University College London, shows, in one striking minute, just how dramatically we've littered the space around Earth over the last six decades. Grey used data from Space-Track.org, a group that monitors space debris, to build his model. 
  
 According to NASA's Orbital Debris Program, there are currently over 21,000 pieces of space junk that are larger than 10 cm (about 3.9 inches) circling our planet. In the 1-10 cm (about .4-4 inches) in diameter range, there are about 500,000 pieces, while debris measuring less than 1 cm exceeds 100 million. And if you think those tiny particles are nothing to worry about, think again. The particles can travel at speeds up to 17,500 miles per hour (about 28,163 kilometers per hour), making them quite hazardous. 
  
 "Even tiny paint flecks can damage a spacecraft when traveling at these velocities," says NASA. "In fact a number of space shuttle windows have been replaced because of damage caused by material that was analyzed and shown to be paint flecks." 
  
 Space junk is getting to be so prevalent that crew members aboard the International Space Station had to seek emergency shelter in the space outpost's Soyuz capsule in July as a chunk of space debris thought to be the remains of an old Russian satellite came speeding at them at about 35,000 miles per hour (about 56,327 kilometers per hour). 
  
 Several means of cleaning up space debris have been suggested -- including a Pac-Man-like satellite, nets and lasers -- although none have been put into place as of yet. ||||| × Forgot Username 
  
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Ex Output:
More than 500,000 known objects are orbiting planet Earth, and around 20,000 of them are at least as big as a softball, reports NASA. Now a University College London professor has used data from space-track.org to create a video to help us visualize how quickly that space junk has accumulated thanks to space traffic and collisions, reports Wired UK. NASA notes that there have been few disastrous collisions, but it points to two recent ones—a Chinese missile test in 2007 and the collision of two satellites in 2009—that threw 5,000 items of debris into orbit. In his video, lecturer Stuart Grey first takes us back to 1957, with the launch of Sputnik 1 and the space race, reports the Orlando Sentinel. The few minor objects multiply rapidly, and he has to pan out to view the entire array. NASA says it works with the Department of Defense to maintain a "highly accurate satellite catalog on objects in Earth orbit that are larger than a softball," and Houston and Moscow mission controls work together to help avoid debris "encounters." So far, no practical way of cleaning up the junk has emerged, notes CNET. Meanwhile, about one piece of debris has fallen to Earth every day for the past 50 years. (Here are five weird examples of space junk returning to our planet's surface.)


Ex Input:
The iPhone 4S 
  
 This is the easiest product review I’ve ever written. The iPhone 4S is exactly what Apple says it is: just like the iPhone 4, but noticeably faster, with a significantly improved camera, and an impressive new voice-driven feature called Siri. 
  
 Siri 
  
 Siri feels like old-school Apple. Newton-esque, at least in spirit. Sculley-era Apple was obsessed with this sort of thing — natural language processing, the computer as “digital assistant”. New models of human-computer interaction. AI that works naturally. Even the startups from former Apple employees of that era worked on this sort of thing — remember General Magic? 
  
 It’s also sort of the antithesis of everything prior in iOS. iOS is explicit and visual. Everything you can do in iOS is something you can see and touch on screen. The limits are visible and obvious. Siri, on the other hand, feels limitless. It’s fuzzy, and fuzzy on purpose. There’s no way to tell what will work and what won’t. You must explore. I found it extremely fun to explore Siri — primarily because so many of the things I tried actually worked. It’s a completely different interface for interacting with your iPhone. You’re not driving or commanding the existing iPhone interface with commands. There is no syntax to memorize. You’re just, well, talking to your iPhone. 
  
 I tried the same things Scott Forstall demoed on stage. They all worked, as promised. On a whim, I asked Siri, with no other context, “When is my next haircut?” Siri answered with my appointment scheduled for later this month. I asked, “When was my last haircut?”, and it found that appointment from a month ago. I told Siri, “Play something by the Rolling Stones” and it played a random Stones song (“Gimme Shelter”, from Let It Bleed). I interrupted and said, “Play ‘Some Girls” by the Rolling Stones”, and Siri played just that song. 
  
 I was out running errands today, walking through the city. I remembered, a mile away from home, that a screw had fallen out of my wife’s favorite eyeglasses over the weekend, and that she was waiting for me to fix them. Walking down a city street, I said, “Remind me to fix Amy’s glasses when I get home.”1 Half an hour later, within a few doors of our house, the reminder went off. 
  
 Me: “Set an alarm for 9 AM.” 
  
 Siri: “It’s set for 9 AM.” 
  
 Me: “Change that to 10 AM.” 
  
 Siri: “I changed your alarm to 10 AM tomorrow.” 
  
 Me: “Cancel that alarm.” 
  
 Siri: “I deleted your 10 AM alarm.” 
  
 Me: “Thank you, Siri.” 
  
 Siri: “Your wish is my command.” 
  
 In a sense, Siri is like a second interface to iOS. The first interface is the app interface. Launch, tap, drag, slide. The Siri interface is a different world. As stated above, this new interface is in many ways the opposite of the regular one — open-ended and implicit instead of narrowly defined and explicit. I don’t mean to imply that Siri doesn’t fit in or feel right at home — it does. But Siri is indicative of an AI-focused ambition that Apple hasn’t shown since before Steve Jobs returned to the company. Prior to Siri, iOS struck me as being designed to make it easy for us to do things. Siri is designed to do things for us. 
  
 But there are parallels between Siri and the regular iPhone interface, too. The original iPhone launched in 2007 with a limited feature set and no third-party apps. 2011’s Siri is largely based on the same feature set: messages, email, phone calls, calendars, alarms, web search. But with the original iPhone, it was always obvious how Apple could allow third-party developers into the party: by allowing third-party apps. Apps are a nice clean, obvious concept. The iOS interface is fundamentally only two levels deep: the first level is the home screen, listing all available apps. The second level is when you tap an app to use it. Hit the home button to go back to the home screen. That’s it. File system sandboxing and background processing restrictions make it easy to keep apps from interfering with each other or with the system as a whole. 
  
 People are going to start clamoring for third-party Siri integration as soon as they see Siri in action. But I’m not sure what form that integration could take. Best I can think is that apps could hook up to (as yet utterly hypothetical) Siri APIs much in the same way that Mac apps can supply system-wide Services menu items. But how would they keep from stomping on one another? If Siri supported third-party apps and you said, “Schedule lunch tomorrow at noon,” what would Siri do if you have multiple Siri-enabled calendar apps installed? This is similar to the dilemma Mac OS X faces when you open a document with a file extension that multiple installed apps register support for. 
  
 Perhaps Siri is too centralized to allow for third-party integration? Where by third-party integration, I mean “any app in the App Store” integration. Siri does support two third-party services right now: Yelp and Wolfram Alpha. But it was Apple that added those two, and Apple that determines when to use them. They’re data services, not software.2 With the regular iOS interface, the central hub is very thin: a home screen of app icons. It wasn’t necessarily obvious from the get-go that Apple would allow third-party apps, but it was obvious how they could: just add those new icons to the home screen. It’s not so obvious how you could add new commands to Siri without potentially stomping on existing ones. 
  
 Here’s an example. Wolfram Alpha has terrific stock-price information and comparison features. I link to them frequently for stock info from Daring Fireball. So I tried asking Siri, “What was Apple’s stock price 10 years ago?” But once Siri groks that you’re asking about a stock price, it queries the built-in Stocks app for data, and the Stocks app doesn’t have historical data that goes back that far. “What did Apple’s stock price close at today?” works, but asking for historical data does not. But Wolfram Alpha has that data. And in fact, you can get it through Siri, by asking something like “Search Wolfram Alpha for Apple’s stock price ten years ago.” But there’s no way to tell Siri to prefer Wolfram Alpha for stock market information by default. 
  
 Even if Siri is never opened up to App Store apps, though, there’s clearly a sense when you use it that Apple is only just getting started with this. 
  
 The best sign I can think of regarding Siri’s practical utility: after a week of using this test iPhone 4S, yesterday, while using my regular iPhone 4, without thinking I held down the home button to create a new reminder for myself, and when the old Voice Control interface appeared, my mind went blank for a few seconds while I pondered what went wrong. I missed Siri already. 
  
 I wouldn’t say I can’t live without Siri. But I can say that I don’t want to. 
  
 Speech-to-Text 
  
 Alongside Siri, the digital assistant, is the straight-up speech-to-text dictation feature now available system-wide. This was my favorite feature of Android when I tested a Nexus S early this year. It’s now one of my favorite features of the iPhone 4S. I composed numerous tweets, text messages, and email replies this week using it. It’s not flawless but it is excellent. It works just as well while walking on a city street as it does while I’m sitting alone in my office. It even worked remarkably well in a crowded, busy bar. 
  
 Worth noting that you can say punctuation, like “comma”, “period”, and “question mark”. So if you say, “Try saying quote open the pod bay doors unquote”, Siri should properly interpret that as: 
  
 Try saying “open the pod bay doors” 
  
 Why Is Siri Limited to the iPhone 4S? 
  
 The cynical answer, of course, would be that Apple is withholding it from other iOS devices in order to spur additional upgrades to the iPhone 4S. 
  
 A non-cynical answer would be that Siri depends on certain hardware in the iPhone 4S that doesn’t exist on any other iOS device. But what, exactly? The iPad 2 has the same CPU (A5) and same amount of RAM (512 MB), but no Siri, no text dictation. No one at Apple has an answer for this other than to say that Siri was developed alongside and specifically for just one device: the iPhone 4S. And as good as Siri is, I get the impression that Apple is far from satisfied with where it stands today. The Newton was killed by that “egg freckles” stuff — it never recovered from the public perception that its handwriting recognition wasn’t good enough. If Siri is any less accurate on older iOS devices than it is on the 4S, Apple isn’t going to allow it. 
  
 Don’t forget that there’s a server/cloud-based backend that is required for Siri to function. I can’t help but suspect there’s some truth to this tweet from Mark Crump, speculating that Apple might be limiting Siri to the 4S simply to restrict the server load while the service is “beta”. There could be 100 million iOS 5 users by the end of this weekend; there will only be 1 or 2 million iPhone 4S users. 
  
 Camera 
  
 The most-hated sight in all of Mac OS X: the rainbow “wait” cursor, a.k.a. the spinning pizza of death. Waiting sucks. 
  
 iOS doesn’t have any cursors, let alone the spinning pizza, but it does have an equivalent: the closed iris splash screen of the Camera app. You want to snap a picture, but instead, you see the iris, and… you wait. 
  
 The most profound difference between the 4S and 4 cameras has nothing to do with image quality. It’s that you don’t have to wait nearly as long. That closed iris comes up for a moment and then it’s gone, and you’re ready to shoot. And after you shoot, the camera is ready to snap additional photos almost instantly. The difference is huge, and it’s especially nice in conjunction with iOS 5’s new lock screen shortcut to jump right into the Camera app. 
  
 I spoke to some friends familiar with the development of iOS 5 and the 4S, and word on the Cupertino street is that camera speed — time from launch to being able to snap a photo, as well as the time between subsequent photos — received an enormous amount of engineering attention during development. The stopwatches were out, and every single tenth of a second that could be shaved was shaved. 
  
 Image quality is improved, too, as promised. White balance and exposure choices look more accurate (or at least more pleasing) to my eyes, it performs noticeably better in low light, and dynamic range has been improved significantly. Here’s a small photoset I put on Flickr, showing the same scenes photographed with three different cameras: my old iPhone 4, the iPhone 4S, and my trusty Ricoh GR-D — a dedicated point-and-shoot camera I bought for $800 four years ago. 
  
 The photos were not edited, retouched, etc. I simply imported them into iPhoto and then uploaded them to Flickr. You can quibble with the exposure settings, but I snapped the photos naturally — I framed the image, tapped to choose a focus/exposure point, and snapped. (With the Ricoh, I focused first, then recomposed.) 
  
 The photos from the 4S look better than those from the 4. They don’t look as good as those from the Ricoh, but over the last year, I found myself carrying the Ricoh less and less, because the iPhone 4 was good enough — and already in my pocket. Now, I wonder if the Ricoh is going to start collecting dust. 
  
 Sprint 
  
 I asked for and received a Sprint model from Apple for testing, so that I could compare it against AT&T and Verizon. Sprint service was decent in both downtown San Francisco and at home in Philadelphia. Network benchmarks (using the Speedtest.net iPhone app) showed very similar results to those I’d gotten with the Verizon iPhone 4 earlier this year. 
  
 My tests were certainly far from extensive, but from what I’ve seen, Sprint’s service is very much comparable to Verizon’s. Compared to AT&T, Sprint and Verizon are better for voice (both in terms of audio quality and call-dropping), but worse for data (slower, often much slower). 
  
 Because I use 3G for data far more than I do for voice calls, I’m sticking with AT&T for at least another year. At whatever point in the future the iPhone adds support for LTE networking, I will definitely reconsider this decision, and likely switch. (Look at this comparison of the service plans available from AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon. Sprint’s is far simpler — the only difference between tiers is the number of monthly voice minutes. Text messages and data are unlimited on all Sprint plans.) If you live or work in an area with excellent Sprint coverage, I wouldn’t hesitate to recommend a Sprint iPhone. 
  
 Overall Snappiness 
  
 Apps launch quicker, scrolling is smoother, web pages render faster. If you used both an original iPad and and iPad 2, it’s a lot like that. If anything, the jump from iPad to iPad 2 was a little more of an improvement, though, because the iPad 2 went from 256 MB of RAM to 512. The iPhone 4 and 4S both have 512 MB of RAM. 
  
 Bottom Line 
  
 The iPhone 4 was my favorite product that Apple has ever made. The iPhone 4S has all the best features of the iPhone 4 — same look, same feel, same Retina Display — and adds several significant improvements. The one and only disappointment I have with the iPhone 4S is that the shutdown spinner animation is still low-res. That’s pretty low on the list of nits to pick. ||||| Facing increasing competition from smart phone competitors, Apple has released the iPhone 4S. After testing the phone, WSJ's Walt Mossberg finds a lot to like about it but says owners of the iPhone 4 may not need to upgrade. 
  
 Sometimes, as we all know, looks can be deceiving. While Apple's latest iPhone doesn't look different, and may not be the kind of blockbuster people expect from the late Steve Jobs's company, it thinks different, to quote one of Apple's old ad slogans. Inside its familiar-looking body there lurks a nascent artificial-intelligence system that has to be tried to be believed. 
  
 Enlarge Image Close Apple IPhone 4S's 8-megapixel camera takes the best photos seen on a phone. 
  
 Apple's fifth-generation iPhone, the $199 iPhone 4S, goes on sale Friday with a new operating system and a new cloud-synchronization service called iCloud. But, while its insides have been significantly improved, the phone's exterior design is identical to that of last year's iPhone 4, which Apple says is the best-selling smartphone in the world. 
  
 I've been testing the 4S for about a week to see how it differs from the previous model. I also evaluated the key features added by the new operating system, called iOS 5, including a new, free text-messaging service; deep integration with Twitter; and the ability to edit photos right on the phone. This new software will be available as a free upgrade for owners of the iPhone 4 and the 2009-vintage iPhone 3GS, as well as for Apple's iPad tablet and its iPod Touch. 
  
 Enlarge Image Close Apple's Siri system can answer spoken restaurant requests. 
  
 I focused on the handful of new features unique to the 4S, notably the new voice-controlled artificial-intelligence system called Siri; a brilliant new camera for stills and videos; and faster, 4G-class download speeds. The iPhone is now available from Sprint, AT&T and Verizon, but I tested the AT&T version, because it is the only one which offers the faster download speeds. 
  
 The standout feature, not available in other iPhones, or in any other phone I've seen, is Siri. It answers questions and provides information using natural language and an intelligent understanding, not just of words, but of context and colloquial phrasing. It isn't perfect, and is labeled a beta, but it has great potential and worked pretty well for me, despite some glitches. 
  
 While many of the new features in the iPhone 4S had to do with hardware tweaks, the main feature of the phone could well be "personal assistant" Siri, AllThingsD's Ina Fried says. She joins Digits to tell us how it works. 
  
 Despite Siri, the iPhone 4S isn't a dramatic game-changer like some previous iPhones. Some new features are catch-ups to competitors. I sense Apple chose to focus more on software and cloud service than on hardware. But, in my tests, the iPhone 4S performed very well. It's a better iPhone for the same $199 entry price, at a time when some competitors are pricing their flagship smartphones starting at $299. 
  
 Apple received over one million pre-order sales in a single day for the new iPhone 4S, besting the previous record of 600,000 set by the iPhone 4. Dan Gallagher has details on investor reaction to the news. 
  
 While some analysts and commentators were disappointed the new iPhone didn't offer an external redesign, consumers so far don't seem to care. Apple announced Monday that pre-orders for the iPhone 4S hit one million in the first 24 hours, a record that was 67% higher than the previous single-day high set by the iPhone 4 last year. 
  
 My advice is that owners of the iPhone 4 needn't rush to upgrade; they can get the new operating system. But owners of older iPhone models, or those with basic phones, will find this latest iPhone a pleasure and a good value. 
  
 Artificial Intelligence 
  
 Some other phones, including earlier iPhones, have rudimentary voice recognition, for limited terms and responses. But Siri does much more. It offers too much to fully describe here, but it isn't a simple voice-command system. It understands a wide variety of ways to ask a question, grasps the context, and returns useful information in a friendly way, either audibly or by displaying results on the screen. It learns your voice as it goes along. 
  
 It starts up when you either hold down the home button—even from the phone's lock screen—or when you place the phone up to your ear when you're not making a phone call. 
  
 Siri can find information in Wikipedia, Yelp and Wolfram Alpha. It successfully answered when I asked it, "Who's the president of Iran?" (though it misunderstood me the first time) and "Who stars in 'Boardwalk Empire?' " When I asked for a "French restaurant in Bethesda, Maryland," it instantly returned a list from Yelp, ranked by user reviews. 
  
 In my tests, I was able to dictate emails and text messages, even in the car over Bluetooth, without looking at the screen. Accuracy wasn't perfect—about 20% of the time I had to try twice to get all the words correct. But, in most cases, Siri didn't make more errors than I do typing on a virtual keyboard. 
  
 Siri can read incoming text messages and let you reply via voice. If the message is about a date, Siri will even consult your calendar and tell you if you're busy at that time, and then remember to return to the message reply. 
  
 The system understands multiple, colloquial forms of a question. I asked, "Will the weather get worse today?" and Siri answered, "I don't think the weather is going to get worse" and displayed a weather chart. You can check stock prices, addresses, map directions and much more. It also answers in a friendly fashion, saying things like "Coming right up" or "I'm not sure what you said, Walt." And it has some cute answers built in. When I asked it "What's the best phone?" it said, "Wait… there are other phones?" 
  
 Siri has limitations, in addition to imperfect accuracy. It can't read the contents of email. It can't provide flight information or movie times. But Apple says it intends to link Siri to more databases over time. Also, Siri can reveal private data you'd rather it didn't unless you adjust your passcode permissions. 
  
 Hardware 
  
 The iPhone 4S now comes with the same, dual-core processor found in the iPad 2. I didn't notice a dramatic speed gain, but the phone operated rapidly and surely, with smooth scrolling and swiping. 
  
 Stacey Delo talks to Walt Mossberg on The News Hub about his first impressions of Apple's new iPhone 4S and why although it looks similar to its predecessor, its a very different story under the hood. 
  
 There is now an 8-megapixel rear camera, with a greatly improved sensor, a new five-element lens and a wider aperture. Other phones boast 8-megapixel cameras, but the 4S takes the best pictures and high-definition videos I have seen on a phone. The colors were gorgeous, everything was sharp and the camera can detect up to 10 faces. Plus, it's fast, both in taking the first shot and subsequent pictures. 
  
 Also, Apple finally has matched some competitors by allowing you to quickly get to the camera, even when the phone is locked, by just pressing the home button twice; and by letting you use the volume button to snap the picture. (These features are part of the free software and aren't unique to the 4S.) 
  
 When combined with the new software feature that allows editing right on the phone, the iPhone 4S offers a camera experience I find unmatched on any other phone. 
  
 Though the 4S isn't labeled as a 4G phone, and the Verizon and Sprint models can't use those carriers' 4G networks, the AT&T model, in my tests, achieved 4G speeds in areas where AT&T has deployed its 4G network. 
  
 In numerous tests at three different locations in the Washington suburbs, I averaged download speeds of nearly 7 megabits per second—better than in prior tests on Sprint and T-Mobile 4G phones. By contrast, a colleague's tests of the Verizon version of the iPhone 4S yielded average download speeds of less than 1 mbps. 
  
 All models of the iPhone 4S are "world phones," meaning even the Verizon and Sprint versions, which use a technology rare outside the U.S., can switch to the global standard cellphone technology and be used in most other countries. 
  
 Apple claims to have improved voice-call reception in the iPhone 4S, allowing the phone to switch between two antennas to pick up the best signal. But my AT&T model dropped too many calls, just as earlier AT&T iPhones do. My colleague's Verizon iPhone 4S dropped none. 
  
 Enlarge Image Close But ask Siri about, say booking a flight from Dulles to San Francisco and Siri says 'sorry.' 
  
 In my tests, voice quality was very good, even on conference calls and over Bluetooth in the car. Apple says the 4S has as good or better battery life than the prior model. While I didn't run a formal battery test, the phone lasted all day, every day, even when I was doing heavy testing and, thus, using it more than I typically would. 
  
 Also, there is a 64-gigabyte model of the iPhone 4S, for $399. A 32 GB version is, as in the past, $299. 
  
 Software 
  
 Apple claims the new iOS 5 operating system has 200 new features. These include some catch-ups, like a pull-down panel that combines your notifications of alerts and reminders, and new messages, plus a stock ticker and weather info. Also, like some other phones, the new system will allow you to swipe on an alert and go to the content, even if the phone is locked. 
  
 You can Tweet from within many apps, like photos, maps and the Web browser. The new, free, texting system, called iMessage—similar to BlackBerry Messenger service—lets you text to anyone with an iOS5 device, and automatically detects if they have one. 
  
 A new Reminders app seems like any other task list, but, on the iPhone 4 and 4S, it allows you to use location instead of time to trigger a reminder. For instance, you can tell it to remind you to call your spouse when you leave work. If it knows your work address, it will trigger the reminder when it detects you've left. 
  
 Perhaps the nicest feature is on-phone photo editing, which allows you to crop, and auto-enhance any photo. In my tests, it worked great. 
  
 Bottom line 
  
 The iPhone 4S is one of Apple's less dramatic updates, but, when combined with the Siri, iOS 5 and iCloud features, it presents an attractive new offering to smartphone users. Some may be content to skip the new hardware and just enjoy the software and cloud features with older models. But those buying the phone will likely be happy with it. 
  
 —Find Walt Mossberg's columns and videos at walt.allthingsd.com. Email mossberg@wsj.com. |||||

Ex Output:


assistant: The iPhone 4S looks exactly like its best-selling predecessor, but it has had a major internal revamp. The big news is that the fifth-generation smartphone "thinks different," thanks to its voice-controlled artificial-intelligence system called Siri. Writing for the Wall Street Journal, Walt Mossberg decides Siri is impressive but has "imperfect accuracy"—it can't read the contents of email or give you movie times. Still, it has potential. It just isn't enough to make the iPhone 4S a game-changer. Others, however, disagree: Writing for the New York Times, David Pogue praises the "crazy good, transformative, category-redefining speech recognition." He loves Siri's voice ("uncomplaining," "calm female"), the ease in which you can use it ("you don’t even have to hold the phone up to your head"), and its smarts (when he tried to make a Thursday afternoon appointment, Siri reminded him he already had an all-day meeting scheduled). While he agrees it's not perfect, "Siri saves time, fumbling, and distraction, and profoundly changes the definition of 'phone.'" In the Washington Post, Joshua Topolsky heaps similar praise upon Siri, which he calls one of the "most meaningful updates" to grace the iPhone. And while he, too, notes that it doesn't work all the time, his assessment is that "the crazy thing about Siri is that it works ... better than you’d expect. It understands and responds to you in a way that’s so natural it can sometimes be unsettling." In a very lengthy look at Siri on Daring Fireball, John Gruber heralds it as Apple's return to an "AI-focused ambition." Before Siri, "iOS struck me [as] being designed to make it easy for us to do things. Siri is designed to do things for us." After a week spent using it, could he live without it? Yes. "But I can say that I don’t want to." (Cute sidenote, compliments of Mossberg: "When I asked it 'What's the best phone?' it said, 'Wait… there are other phones?'")