user: [Q]: Information:  - The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. It includes planets, moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. The size of the entire Universe is unknown.  - A laboratory (CommE or , AmE ; informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.  - In chemical synthesis , `` click '' chemistry is a class of biocompatible reactions intended primarily to join substrates of choice with specific biomolecules . Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction , but describes a way of generating products that follows examples in nature , which also generates substances by joining small modular units . In general , click reactions usually join a biomolecule and a reporter molecule . Click chemistry is not limited to biological conditions : the concept of a `` click '' reaction has been used in pharmacological and various biomimetic applications . However , they have been made notably useful in the detection , localization and qualification of biomolecules . Click reactions occur in one pot , are not disturbed by water , generate minimal and inoffensive byproducts , and are `` spring - loaded '' -- characterized by a high thermodynamic driving force that drives it quickly and irreversibly to high yield of a single reaction product , with high reaction specificity ( in some cases , with both regio - and stereo - specificity ) . These qualities make click reactions particularly suitable to the problem of isolating and targeting molecules in complex biological environments . In such environments , products accordingly need to be physiologically stable and any byproducts need to be non-toxic ( for in vivo systems ) . By developing specific and controllable bioorthogonal reactions , scientists have opened up the possibility of hitting particular targets in complex cell lysates . Recently , scientists have adapted click chemistry for use in live cells , for example using small molecule probes that find and attach to their targets by click reactions . Despite challenges of cell permeability , bioorthogonality , background labeling , and reaction efficiency , click reactions have already proven useful in a new generation of pulldown experiments ( in which particular targets can be isolated using , for instance , reporter molecules which bind to a certain column ) ,...  - A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes may occur.  - Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, reliable, and established to work in multiple laboratories.   - Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'subclass of'.
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[A]: click chemistry , chemical reaction


[Q]: Information:  - The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.  - A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts. The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust, and emerges as lava, creating new crust upon cooling. A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates, and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary.  - Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. A large number of submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate movement, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over 1 million, of which some 75 000 rise more than 1 km above the seabed.  - Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It constitutes an autonomous Region of Italy, along with surrounding minor islands, officially referred to as "Regione Siciliana" (in Italian, Sicilian Region).  - Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia is a field of submarine volcanoes located south - west of Sicily . It includes the vent of Ferdinandea , otherwise known as Graham Island , which erupted and emerged above sea level in 1831 , and encompasses a larger volcano known as Empedocles . The last recorded eruption was in 1867 , from a vent named Pinne . There was mild seismic unrest at Ferdinandea in 2000 - 2002 . At its highest , Campi Flegrei comes to 8 meters ( 26 feet ) below sea level .    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'instance of'.
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[A]:

assistant: campi flegrei mar sicilia , mountain