user: Problem: I read this background article the other day: Animals and some bacteria and fungi carry out lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid is a waste product of this process. Our muscles perform lactic acid fermentation during strenuous exercise, since oxygen cannot be delivered to the muscles quickly enough. The buildup of lactic acid is believed to make your muscles sore after exercise. Bacteria that produce lactic acid are used to make cheese and yogurt. The lactic acid causes the proteins in milk to thicken. Lactic acid also causes tooth decay, because bacteria use the sugars in your mouth for energy.  I am facing a new situation today: Two groups of microbiology students studied about the fermentation process. Group A studied about alcoholic and acetic fermentation, while group B studied about lactic fermentation.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which group learned less about proteins in milk thickening?

A: Group A
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Specific humidity (or moisture content) is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of the moist air parcel.[13] Specific humidity is approximately equal to the mixing ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor in an air parcel to the mass of dry air for the same parcel. As temperature decreases, the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation also decreases. As the temperature of a parcel of air becomes lower it will eventually reach the point of saturation without adding or losing water mass.  I am facing a new situation today: Tho towns located on opposite banks of a river, had a humid season, but Bend town had a cooler air at night. Bank town on the other hand, had warmer nights because it was situated on a south facing hill.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which town experienced a higher specific humidity?
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The answer is:
Bend
input question: I read this background article the other day: A mycorrhiza (Greek for "fungus roots") is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells, or by growing around the root cells. This association provides the fungus with relatively constant and direct access to glucose, which the plant produces by photosynthesis. The mycelia of the fungi increase the surface area of the plant’s root system. The larger surface area improves water and mineral nutrient absorption from the soil.  I am facing a new situation today: Two mycologists were studying fungi. Jim studied more about wood eating mushrooms and gourmet mushrooms, while George decided to study more about mycorrhiza, and its benefits for humans.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which mycologist learned more about how fungi increase the surface area of the plant’s root system????
output answer: George
I read this background article the other day: A paradox is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to an apparently-self-contradictory or logically unacceptable conclusion.[1][2] A paradox involves contradictory-yet-interrelated elements that exist simultaneously and persist over time.[3][4][5]  I am facing a new situation today: In ancient Greece King Juno asked two of his court philosophers, philosopher A and philosopher B, to come up with two interesting problems. Philosopher A devised a clever paradox and presented it before the court. He called the  paradox Problem A. But philosopher B didn't come up with a paradox. He too presented a clever problem which was not a paradox - he called it problem B.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which problem's elements would persist over time?
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Answer: Problem A
Q: I read this background article the other day: The epidermis also contains melanocytes , which are cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the brownish pigment that gives skin much of its color. Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes, but the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin. The amount of melanin produced is determined by heredity and exposure to UV light, which increases melanin output. Exposure to UV light also stimulates the skin to produce vitamin D . Because melanin blocks UV light from penetrating the skin, people with darker skin may be at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency.  I am facing a new situation today: An anthropologist gathered observations for two native tribes from southern Africa.  He noticed that both tribes spend the majority of the day outside, and therefore they are both exposed to fairly high amounts of UV light. He also quickly realized that one key difference between the tribes was that members of tribe A had dark skin, while members of tribe B had light skin.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Members of which tribe will produce less melanin?
A: tribe B
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Beginning in September 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require larger, more prominent cigarette health warnings on all cigarette packaging and advertisements in the United States. These warnings are a significant advancement in communicating the dangers of smoking. These new cigarette health warnings contains nine different warnings that will increase awareness of the specific health risks associated with smoking, such as death, addiction, lung disease, cancer, stroke and heart disease. These warnings include:  I am facing a new situation today: David collects cigarette packs of different years. He found that two of his packs, pack A and pack B, are very different. Pack A is from before September 2012, and pack B is from after September 2012. He started searching on the internet to find out why the packs were different.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which pack's health warning would be more visible, pack A or pack B?
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[A]:

assistant: pack B