user: Problem: Article: If your toilet already has a caulk seal around the base, you’ll want to remove it rather than apply caulk directly over it. You can find dedicated caulk removal tools in home improvement stores. Run this tool along the joint between the toilet and the floor to scrape out any old caulk.  If you don’t have a caulk removal tool handy, you can also use a utility or razor knife to loosen the caulk at one end. Aim to pull it up in 1 long strip. You can make an old caulking job easier to clean up by applying commercial caulk removers before scraping. If you do, make sure to check the product’s label to prevent any possible damage to your floors or toilet. After clearing the joint of any caulk, you’ll want to get the area as clean as possible. Scoop out any debris, such as paint chips, dirt or rust. Use a general purpose bathroom cleaner and a rag to clean in and around the joint. The cleaner you can get the area, the better of a seal you’ll be able to apply. After cleaning, you can wipe the area with rubbing alcohol to disinfect it.  Press a tissue around the base of the toilet to check for moisture. If you find a leak, remove the toilet and replace the wax ring before continuing. If any water or other liquid gets in the joint, do your best to dry it. If you can’t quite reach it, make sure to allow enough time for it to dry properly. Overnight should be sufficient. Caulking over liquid will trap it, which can cause damage to your flooring. Ensure the toilet is even and tight to the floor. If it moves, tighten the bolts or use a shim to straighten it out. Don’t use the caulk to secure the toilet to the floor if it’s loose or uneven. Not only will this help you get a straighter, smoother seal, but it will prevent any caulk from getting on your floors. Put masking tape on either side of the joint, one following the toilet’s base and the other along the floor. If you’re particularly worried about your caulking abilities, you can use a second strip on either side to double the width of masking tape and protect more of your floors.  Since most toilets have a round base, you’ll probably have to use several strips of tape to properly follow the curve. Tear up pieces a few inches long, and apply them to the floor, following the curve of the toilet’s base.  Alternatively, you can also buy masking tape that comes curved and is more flexible than typical tape. This will save you some time in taping up your floor.
Summary: Remove any old caulk. Clean the base of the toilet. Apply masking tape to the floor.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: You can find these online or in test prep books. Take a few different practice tests from a few different sources to get a broad variety of questions. The more you practice taking the test, the more comfortable you will be with the format.  Start by taking a practice test before you start any other test prep. This will give you a baseline you can use to measure improvement. Then, use a different practice test every few days to check your progress. The number of practice tests you should take will ultimately depend on how long you have to prepare for your exam. Since many test takers only have a few days to prepare, they may only have time for a few practice tests. Most practices tests will help prepare you for a range of test levels from basic to advanced. Abstract reasoning tests often use predictable exercises and transformations to determine the test patterns. Sometimes, a test will use just one exercise per pattern, while other times, it may use many exercises with a pattern. Take a look at examples of the different types of patterns to better understand what kind of changes they dictate. Common exercises and transformations include:  Clockwise and counterclockwise rotations Mirroring Movement along vertical, horizontal, or diagonal axes Movement by degree intervals, such as 45, 90, 180, etc. Color alternation, generally between black and white Unlike the SATs or ACTs, there aren't a lot of books to help you study for an abstract reasoning test. Many test makers and test centers, though, offer online study guides. These guides can help you determine what you should be focusing on as you go through your test prep.  If you can, look for a guide put out by the maker of your test or your testing center. These will likely most closely mirror the test you will take. There are some books about passing diagrammatic reasoning tests, but these are generally authored by third parties and aren't put out by major publishers. If you have at least a few days to prepare, spend a little time each day doing puzzles. These could be traditional jigsaw puzzles or puzzle games like sudoku. Puzzles help engage the same types of thinking that you will need for your abstract reasoning test.  Jigsaw puzzles, for example, help you visualize geometric transformations by requiring you to fit puzzle pieces together. Puzzle games likewise call on you to use critical reasoning to find relationships and patterns.

SUMMARY: Take an abstract reasoning practice test. Learn the common types of abstract reasoning exercises. Check website study guides. Use puzzles to help you practice.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: This process requires iTunes on your computer. You will be attempting to restore your device's software without erasing your data. Use Recovery Mode when iTunes does not recognize your iPod Touch.  Press and hold the Power and Home buttons. Continue to hold when the Apple logo appears until the iTunes logo appears. Connect your iPod Touch to your computer via USB and launch iTunes. Select "Update" when prompted by iTunes. This will attempt to reinstall the iPod Touch operating system software without deleting your data. If your Home button is broken, you'll need to put your device into Recovery Mode using special software.  Download Tenorshare ReiBoot. This is a utility that will allow you to put your iPod into Recovery Mode without having to use the iPod's physical buttons. This is great for when the Home button isn't working and you need to force your iPod to reset. You can download ReiBoot from tenorshare.com/products/reiboot.html.  Connect your iPod to your computer and launch ReiBoot. Click "Enter Recovery Mode" in the ReiBoot window. Launch iTunes and click "Update" when prompted. If your iPod Touch still won't turn on after trying all of the above steps, you may need to get in touch with Apple Support. Take your iPod Touch into an Apple Store, or contact Apple by calling the support line:  USA: 1-800-275-2273 Canada: 1-800-263-3394 UK: 0800 107 6285
Summary:

assistant: Put your iPod Touch into Recovery Mode. Put your iPod Touch into Recovery Mode without a working Home button. Contact Apple Support.