user: Part 1. Definition
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
Part 2. Example
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Answer: 1
Explanation: There is a line in the passage which say 'The aim of this study was...' which suggests that it is talking about a specific aim. Hence, the output should be 1 as this passage has a definite aim.
Part 3. Exercise
Neuropsychiatric disorders during HIV/AIDS are common although the contribution of HIV-1 infection within the brain, and in particular individual HIV-1 proteins, to the development of these brain disorders is unknown. Herein, an in vivo transgenic mouse model was generated in which the HIV-1 Nef protein was expressed in microglia cells, permitting investigation of neurobehavioral phenotypes and associated cellular and molecular properties.', 'Transgenic (Tg) mice that expressed full length HIV-1 nef under the control of the c-fms promoter and wildtype (Wt) littermates were investigated using different measures of neurobehavioral performance including locomotory, forced swim (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM) and T-maze tests. Host gene and transgene expression were assessed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, enzymatic activity and immunohistochemistry. Biogenic amine levels were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection.', 'Tg animals exhibited Nef expression in brain microglia and cultured macrophages. Tg males displayed hyperactive behaviors including augmented locomotor activity, decreased immobility in the FST and increased open-arm EPM exploration compared to Wt littermates (p<0.05). Tg animals showed increased CCL2 expression with concurrent IFN-α suppression in striatum compared with Wt littermates (p<0.05). Dopamine levels, MAO activity and the dopamine transporter (DAT) expression were reduced in the striatum of Tg animals (p<0.05).
Answer:

assistant: 0