user: (Question)
Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word "chuck". Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make.Now scientists have translated some of their squirrel-speak. Hare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels' alarm calls.The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture their reponses.Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became.Alert .Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves. "In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say 'there's an enemy of average threat that's here', and whistles without chucks say 'there's an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere', while pure chirps say, 'I'm hiding here because there's an immediate danger.' " Hare told.Discovery News. Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds arc part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems. Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the caller's social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls. In fact, another Canadian study found that deep-voiced, black-capped chickadees have their own language too.According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees' calls, such as directing fellows' activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms. While chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests . Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide "hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and... The text mainly talks about A) the study on the language of squirrels B) the comparison between squirrels and chickadees C) the calling for the protection of squirrels D) the ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies
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A


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It seems hard to watch someone yawn  and not to yawn ourselves. Even reading about yawning can make you do it. Now, a new study has found why yawning has such a powerful force. Yawning when others yawn, the study suggests, is a sign of pity and a form of social connection. Kids don't develop this deeply rooted behavior until around age four, the study found. Kids with autism   are less likely to catch yawns. In the most serious cases, they never do. Yawning might help doctors to see whether the children are developing rightly. The work could also lead to a better understanding of the ways that people communicate and connect. "Emotional infection seems to be a born thing that connects us together," said Molly Helt, a graduate student in psychology at the University of Connecticut. "Yawning may be part of that." Inspiration for her study came when she tried to get her own autistic son to clear his ears on an airplane. She repeatedly yawned at him, hoping he would yawn back. He never did. "The fact that autistic kids don't do it might mean they're really missing out on that emotional connection with people around them," she said. "The biggest thing people try to figure out after birth is how we become humans and understand that humans have minds that are different from others'," she added. "Autistic people never seem to understand that." Like infectious  laughter and crying, scientists have found that yawning is a shared experience that promotes social connection. Helt said it could fight stress after a period of being nervous and spread a feeling of calm through a group. According to Molly Helt,   _  . A) humans differ from animals because they communicate with others B) yawning is a kind of emotional connection among humans C) emotions are infectious, but yawning is not D) yawning helps clear ears on planes
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B


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Here in Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were passed to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply. A wolf naturally lives on animals in the deer family. People there also hunt deer for food. Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the plant life there. When the deer can't find enough food, they die. If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, the deer will disappear some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must change the life cycles there. If we killed more wolves, we would save them from starving. We also save deer and some farm animals. In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the United States government to send a team of scientists to study the problem. They believe it is necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small population. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A) Some wolves in some areas must be killed, which others should be protected. B) Wolves should be protected, for there's a small population of it on earth. C) All wolves should be protected, for they eat deer, cows and chicken. D) It is necessary for scientists to protect wolves, or the cycle of life will be changed
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assistant: A