user: Please answer this: Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.[3] There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.[1] Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.[1] Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.[1][4] Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.[1] Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.[1]  David works for a large pharmaceutical company as a research scientist. He has devised a procedure which can detect lactose intolerance in patients easily. To test his procedure he picked up four subjects form a large pool of sample. The four subjects are subject A, subject B, subject C, and subject D. Subject A has primary lactose intolerance; subject B has secondary lactose intolerance; subject C has developmental lactose intolerance; and subject D has congenital lactose intolerance.  Which subject would most porbably be older, subject A or subject C?
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Answer: subject A


Problem: Animals and some bacteria and fungi carry out lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid is a waste product of this process. Our muscles perform lactic acid fermentation during strenuous exercise, since oxygen cannot be delivered to the muscles quickly enough. The buildup of lactic acid is believed to make your muscles sore after exercise. Bacteria that produce lactic acid are used to make cheese and yogurt. The lactic acid causes the proteins in milk to thicken. Lactic acid also causes tooth decay, because bacteria use the sugars in your mouth for energy.  A group of students in biology class studied fermentation. Team A studied alcoholic fermentation, while team B learned more about lactic fermentation. They later organised a trivia contest between teams.  Which team studied less about cheese and yogurt?

A: Team A


Problem: Given the question: On Earth, the common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere).  Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood.Weather occurs primarily due to  air pressure, temperature and moisture differences between one place to another.  These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. In other words, the farther from the tropics one lies, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due the spread of the sunlight over a greater surface.   The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the large scale atmospheric circulation cells and the jet stream.  Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow (see baroclinity).  Weather systems in the tropics, such as monsoons or organized thunderstorm systems, are caused by different processes.  Two continents were separated by a large ocean. Oceania had milder weather and experienced common weather phenomena, while Lemuria experienced natural disasters.  Which continent experienced rain phenomena?
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The answer is:
Oceania


input question: HIV , or human immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS. AIDS stands for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome." It is a condition that causes death and does not have a known cure. AIDS usually develops 10 to 15 years after a person is first infected with HIV. The development of AIDS can be delayed with proper medicines. The delay can be well over 20 years with the right medicines. Today, individuals who acquire HIV after 50 years of age can expect to reach an average human life span.  Two college students both had unprotected sex with different partners. Ben got the HIV virus, while Nate was lucky and was not infected with any diseases.  Which student had a smaller chance of reaching an average human life span????
output answer: Ben


The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012.Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their waste. The rivers then empty into the ocean, often also bringing chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals in the water leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone.Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has ended up floating in a lake, sea, ocean, or waterway. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter.In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including Mars 96, Fobos-Grunt, and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.  Two old friends were both oceanographers. They were both researching the levels of marine pollution in Earth's oceans. Vic studied the Arctic Ocean, while Dan studied the Pacific Ocean.  Which friend observed fewer plastic fragments floating in the ocean?
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Answer: Vic


Q: When you go to the dentist to get a tooth pulled, you really don’t want to feel any pain. The dentist injects an anesthetic into your gum and it eventually becomes numb. One theory as to why anesthetics work deals with the movement of ions across the cell membrane. The anesthetic gets into the membrane structure and causes shifts in how ions move across the membrane. If ion movement is disrupted, nerve impulses will not be transmitted and you will not sense pain – at least not until the anesthetic wears off.  Two men, Sam and Frodo, go into the doctor's office to have the exact same procedure done to one of their arms. They won't need to be knocked out for this, but they will be given anesthetic to help with the pain. After the nurse administers the anesthetic to both men, the ions in Sam's arm continue moving across the membrane, but the ions in Frodo's arm stop moving. The doctor then comes in to begin the procedure.  Which man's nerve impulses are being transmitted?
A:

assistant: Sam