user: Question: Information:  - Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains or roots and used to make many different foods. Cereal flour is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many cultures, making the availability of adequate supplies of flour a major economic and political issue at various times throughout history. Wheat flour is one of the most important ingredients in Oceanic, European, South American, North American, Middle Eastern, North Indian and North African cultures, and is the defining ingredient in their styles of breads and pastries.  - GRAIN (initially the International Coalition for Development Action or ICDA) is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems.  - Dough is a thick, malleable, sometimes elastic, paste made out of any grains, leguminous or chestnut crops. Dough is typically made by mixing flour with a small amount of water and/or other liquid, and sometimes includes yeast or other leavening agents as well as other ingredients such as various fats or flavorings.  - The chestnut group is a genus (Castanea) of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.  - Noodles are a staple food in many cultures made from unleavened dough which is stretched , extruded , or rolled flat and cut into one of a variety of shapes . A single noodle can be made , eaten , or extracted from a serving of noodles , but it is far more common to serve and eat many at once , and thus more common to see the plural form of the word . While long , thin strips may be the most common , many varieties of noodles are cut into waves , helices , tubes , strings , or shells , or folded over , or cut into other shapes . Noodles are usually cooked in boiling water , sometimes with cooking oil or salt added . They are often pan-fried or deep - fried . Noodles are often served with an accompanying sauce or in a soup . Noodles can be refrigerated for short - term storage , or dried and stored for future use . The material composition or geocultural origin must be specified when discussing noodles . The word derives from the German word Nudel . The oldest evidence of noodle consumption , from 4,000 years ago , has been found in China .  - Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein. Fats, also known as triglycerides, are esters of three fatty acid chains and the alcohol glycerol.  - A leaven , often called a leavening agent (and also known as a raising agent), is any one of a number of substances used in doughs and batters that cause a foaming action (gas bubbles) that lightens and softens. An alternative or supplement to leavening agents is a mechanical action by which air is incorporated. Leavening agents can be biological or synthetic chemical compounds. The gas produced is often carbon dioxide, or occasionally hydrogen, or another.     What entity does 'noodle' has the relation 'has part' with?
Answer: leavening agent


input: Please answer the following: Information:  - On February 21 , 2008 , in the midst of John McCain 's campaign in the 2008 Republican presidential primaries , both The New York Times and the Washington Post published articles detailing rumors of an improper relationship between John McCain and lobbyist Vicki Iseman . According to the New York Times story , McCain , who was a member of the Senate Commerce Committee during the period when Iseman was lobbying the committee , developed a close personal relationship with Iseman . The New York Times came under intense criticism for the article because of its use of anonymous sources and its timing . In December 2008 , Iseman filed a US $ 27 million defamation lawsuit against The New York Times , alleging that the paper falsely communicated an illicit romantic relationship between her and McCain . The Times said they `` fully stood behind the article '' and the story was `` true and accurate '' . The lawsuit was settled in February 2009 with no money changing hands between the parties . However , as a condition of the settlement the New York Times printed an unusual `` Note to Readers '' stating that the Times had not intended to allege any affair .  - The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated to NYT) is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18, 1851, by The New York Times Company. "The New York Times" has won 117 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other news organization.  - Vicki L. Iseman (born 1967) is a Washington, D.C.-based lobbyist working for the firm Alcalde & Fay. She gained national media attention in February 2008, due to her involvement in the John McCain lobbyist controversy.  - The New York Times Company is an American media company which publishes its namesake, "The New York Times". Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., has served as chairman since 1997. It is headquartered in Manhattan, New York.  - The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.  - John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is an American politican who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee for the 2008 United States presidential election.  - In United States politics and government, the term presidential nominee has two different meanings:  - Arizona (O'odham: "Al onak" [ai onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.  - Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as "Washington", "the District", or simply "D.C.", is the capital of the United States.    What entity does 'john mccain lobbyist controversy' has the relation 'instance of' with?
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output:

assistant: controversy