user: INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Oil-based enamels are most easily used with a compressed air sprayer, but acrylics and latex paints can also be sprayed. Adding a suitable thinner will allow more viscous paint to flow freely through the siphon tube, metering valve (fluid) assembly, and nozzle. Place a drop cloth, sheet plastic, scrap lumber or other material on the ground, floor, or any furniture. For "fixed" projects, like the one illustrated here, you will need to protect adjacent surfaces and make sure you have adequate ventilation.  Protect nearby surfaces from "over spray" with masking or painter's tape and painter's paper or newspapers; in windy, outdoor conditions, airborne paint particles may drift farther than you expect. Set your paint and thinner on a suitable surface so that spills will not damage anything. These will keep you clean and protect you from dangerous fumes and particulates. Grind, brush, or sand off rust and corrosion from metal, remove all oil, dust, or dirt, and make sure it is dry. Wash the surface: for oil-based paints, use mineral spirits; for latex or acrylic paints, use soap and water. Rinse thoroughly. You can use the sprayer to apply the primer (following the steps below as if it were paint) or apply it with a brush or roller. When you’re done, sand it smooth if needed.

SUMMARY: Select your paint and thinner. Prepare the area where you will paint. Put on a mask or respirator, safety glasses, and gloves. Prepare the surface to be painted. Prime the surface if necessary.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Unlike the multidimensional scales of pain determined by questionnaires, the VAS is considered a unidimensional measurement of pain because it just represents the pain's intensity, or in other words, how much it hurts. When using a VAS tool, people specify their level of pain by indicating a spot along a continuous line between two end-points. Usually a VAS tool looks like a slide ruler that's not numbered on the side the patient uses. It's appropriate to use for pain caused by all conditions.  On the back of most VAS instruments (where the patients can't see), there's a numbered scale typically from 1-10 where the doctor or therapist can make note of in their charts. The VAS is the quickest and probably the most sensitive single-item measure for pain levels, although it doesn't indicate the type, duration or location of pain. Many questionnaires use a VAS drawing to determine the perceived intensity of a person's pain. In a busy health clinic, time is often precious, so another quick and easy tool to use to measure pain is called the numerical rating scale. The NRS is similar to a VAS, except the scale is numbered, sometimes from 0-10 or occasionally 0-100, which is a little more specific. Zero represents no pain, whereas the highest number on the scale represents the worst pain imaginable.  The NRS can look like a slide-rule tool or it can be a printed scale on a piece of paper. The person with pain chooses the number that best represents their pain level. Like all visual or numbered scales, the NRS measurement is subjective and based on the person's perceptions. The NRS is useful for health care practitioners who want to gauge their patient's response to treatment by measuring pain levels at specific time intervals (like every week, for example).  The NRS is also used in the hospital for acute pain, and to gauge a patient's response to a specific intervention, such as administration of pain medication. Unlike the VAS, the NRS has the advantage of being administered verbally, so the patient doesn't have to move, read or write anything. The PGIC scale is helpful for describing your improvement (in terms of pain) over time or as a result of some sort of therapy. The PGIC asks you to rate your current status based on 7 choices: very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, no change, minimally worse, much worse, or very much worse. The PGIC is helpful for practitioners to understand how their patients are responding to treatment.  The PGIC can be used for a wide variety of conditions and treatments, but it lacks more descriptive language to describe pain. The PGIC is often used in conjunction with other scales or questionnaires because it provides information on changing pain levels over time, but lacks pain intensity and pain quality measurements. The Wong-Baker scale is especially useful for children and adults who might have trouble rating pain with other scales. The Wong-Baker scale uses a series of six faces to help patients identify what level of pain they feel. The scale gives patients options ranging from "no pain" to "the worst pain." The first face is smiling and a patient might point to that face to indicate that she is having no pain at all, while the last face is frowning and crying and a patient might point to that face to indicate that she is in severe pain.

SUMMARY: Measure pain with the visual analog scale (VAS). Use the numerical rating scale (NRS) instead. Use the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) to gauge pain progress. Try the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Even if the jellyfish is dead, its poisonous cells can still cause a sting. Some varieties have very long tentacles (such as the Portuguese Man-of-War, that has tentacles up to fifty feet long), so it is best to stay far away from jellyfish.  There are many different kinds and forms of jellyfish, and when they are washed ashore they may look like plastic bags or other debris. If you are not sure whether or not something is a jellyfish, it is best not to touch it at all. Tell a lifeguard or other beach authority when you spot a jellyfish on the shore, so that it can be safely removed by someone trained to handle the creature. Lifeguards are trained to help beachgoers in a variety of situations, including jellyfish attacks. They will also be able to alert you when jellyfish are spotted. If you shuffle your feet when walking in shallow water, you may disturb and drive away some jellyfish or other creatures that have the potential to sting you. Often, you can see jellyfish in the water. They may look like a plastic bag or balloon floating at the surface of the water, and may come in groups. If you see a jellyfish in the water, calmly but quickly return to shore to avoid stings. Tell a lifeguard or other beach authority when you spot a jellyfish in the water, so that a warning can be issued.

SUMMARY:

assistant: Do not touch jellyfish that have washed ashore. Swim near a lifeguard. Drive jellyfish away. Leave the water immediately if you see or suspect a jellyfish.