{"pre_text": ["and penalties , resulting in a liability of $ 1 million for interest and penalties as of december 31 , 2018 .", "in 2017 , there was a net decrease in income tax expense of $ 1 million for interest and penalties , resulting in no material liability for interest and penalties as of december 31 , 2017 .", "the 2017 changes in interest and penalties related to statute of limitation expirations .", "in 2016 , there was a net decrease in income tax expense of $ 2 million for interest and penalties , resulting in a total liability of $ 1 million for interest and penalties as of december 31 , 2016 .", "the 2016 changes in interest and penalties related to reductions in prior year tax positions and settlement with a taxing authority .", "the following table summarizes the tax years that are either currently under examination or remain open under the applicable statute of limitations and subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions in which the company operates: ."], "post_text": ["virginia ( 1 ) 2011 - 2017 ( 1 ) the 2014 tax year has been closed in these jurisdictions .", "although the company believes it has adequately provided for all uncertain tax positions , amounts asserted by taxing authorities could be greater than the company's accrued position .", "accordingly , additional provisions for federal and state income tax related matters could be recorded in the future as revised estimates are made or the underlying matters are effectively settled or otherwise resolved .", "conversely , the company could settle positions with the tax authorities for amounts lower than have been accrued .", "the company believes that it is reasonably possible that during the next 12 months the company's liability for uncertain tax positions may decrease by $ 14 million due to resolution of a federal uncertain tax position .", "during 2013 the company entered into the pre-compliance assurance process with the irs for years 2011 and 2012 .", "the company is part of the irs compliance assurance process program for the 2014 through 2018 tax years .", "open tax years related to state jurisdictions remain subject to examination .", "deferred income taxes - deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for income tax purposes .", "as described above , deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated as of the balance sheet date using current tax laws and rates expected to be in effect when the deferred tax items reverse in future periods .", "as a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% ( 35 % ) to 21% ( 21 % ) under the tax act , the company revalued its net deferred tax assets as of december 31 , 2017 .", "net deferred tax assets are classified as long-term deferred tax assets in the consolidated statements of financial position. ."], "table": [["jurisdiction united states ( 1 )", "jurisdiction 2011", "jurisdiction -", "2017"], ["connecticut", "2016", "-", "2017"], ["mississippi", "2012", "-", "2017"], ["virginia ( 1 )", "2011", "-", "2017"]], "table_ori": [["Jurisdiction", "Years"], ["United States<sup>(1)</sup>", "2011", "-", "2017"], ["Connecticut", "2016", "-", "2017"], ["Mississippi", "2012", "-", "2017"], ["Virginia<sup>(1)</sup>", "2011", "-", "2017"]]}

Question: what is the liability for interest and penalties as of december 31 , 2016?
Evidence:
text_3: in 2016 , there was a net decrease in income tax expense of $ 2 million for interest and penalties , resulting in a total liability of $ 1 million for interest and penalties as of december 31 , 2016 .
Program: add(1, 2), subtract(#0, 2)
Answer:
str_answer: 1
exe_answer: 1