The Alabama Chapter of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) was one of the most influential political bodies organizing poor African-Americans in the South during and after the Great Depression, it played a vital role in organizing African-Americans during a period where many activists would later become leaders of the emerging Civil Rights Movement, including which activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights", and would later commit an act of civil disobedience launching the Montgomery Bus Boycott?