Lok Sabha Question No. 111 (STARRED), answered on 2016-05-02
Subject: Commercialisation of Education
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: RAKESH SINGH, BIDYUT BARAN MAHATO

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.111 TO BE ANSWERED ON 02.05.2016

Commercialization of Education

†*111. SHRI RAKESH SINGH: SHRI BIDYUT BARAN MAHATO:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  proposes  to  take  measures  to  check  the  arbitrary working of private schools and commercialization of education in the country and if so, the details thereof;

(b) whether the Government has taken cognizance of the difficulties faced by the common man due to exorbitant increase in fees charged by private schools across the country;

(c) if so, whether the Government proposes to formulate any policy or regulatory body  to  oversee  all  aspects  of  the  functioning  of  private  schools  in  the  country including  the  determination  of  the  fee  structure  and  annual  fee  hike  of  private schools and if so, the details thereof;

(d)  the  steps  taken  by  the  Government  to  ensure  admission  of  the  children belonging to the Economically Weaker Section of the society in private schools as per the prescribed quota; and

(e) the steps taken by the Government to improve the level of education in private schools in coordination with the State Governments?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a) to (e): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  THE  PARTS  (a)  TO  (e)  OF  LOK SABHA  STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  111  FOR  02.05.2016  ASKED  BY  SHRI RAKESH SINGH, SHRI BIDYUT BARAN MAHATO, HON'BLE MPs REGARDING 'COMMERCIALISATION OF EDUCATION'

(a) to  (e):Central  Board  of  Secondary  Education  (CBSE)  affiliates  schools  for  the purpose  of  examination  and  certification  at  the  end  of  Class  X  and  Class  XII. Affiliation  Bye-Laws  of  CBSE  prescribes  that  Society  Managing  the  school  shall ensure  that  the  school  is  run  as  a  community  service,  not  as    business,  no commercialization  takes  place  in  the  school  in  any  shape  whatsoever.  Society Managing the school shall also ensure that the funds accruing from the school are spent for the benefit of the school and for its expansion. Government /Governmentaided/Kendriya Vidyalayas/Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas/ Central Tibetan Schools are to follow the rules of the respective Government or Government organizations in  all  matters.  Whereas,  unaided  privately  managed  independent  schools  are expected to adhere to the provisions prescribed in the Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board. Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board inter-alia prescribe the following:

-  Fees  charges  should  be  commensurate  with  the  facilities  provided  by  the institution. Fees should normally be charged under the heads prescribed by the  Department  of  Education  of  the  State/UT  for  schools  of  different categories.
-  No capitation fee or voluntary donations for gaining admission in the schools or  for  any  other  purpose  should  be  charged/collected  in  the  name  of  the school and the school should not subject the child or his or her parents or guardians to any screening procedure.
-  In  case  of  such  malpractices,  the  Board  may  take    action  leading  to disaffiliation of the school. Further, any school or person violates the above provisions is liable for the following:
-  Receives capitation fee, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to ten times the capitation fee charged;
-  Subjects a child to screening procedure, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to twenty five thousands rupees for the first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for each subsequent contraventions.
-  In  case  a  student  leaves  the  school  for  such  compulsion  as  transfer  of parents  or  for  health  reason  or  in  case  of  death  of  the  student  before completion  of  the  session,  prorata  return  of  quarterly/term/annual  fees should be made.
-  The unaided schools should consult parents through parents representatives before revising fees.  The fee should not be revised during the mid-session.
-  CBSE  issues  Guidelines  and  Circulars  to  its  affiliated  schools  from  time  to time for strict adherence of provisions of its affiliation Bye-Laws.

Affiliation Bye-Laws of the CBSE also have the following provisions:

-  For the purpose of admission and extent of schools responsibility for free and compulsory education the school shall be governed by the provisions of the Rights  of  Children  to  Free  and  Compulsory  Education  Act,  2009  and    the amendments, made there to from time to time.
-  The  school  shall  maintain  all  relevant  records  of  the  students  applied  and admitted annually as stipulated in Section 3 (1) and (2)  of the RTE Act, 2009 and shall also follow the guidelines/instruction issued by the State in which the school is situated.
-  CBSE issued circulars in April, 2012 and November 2012 to ensure admission under RTE  Act 2009. These  circulars are available  on  CBSE  website www.cbse.nic.in.

Education being a concurrent subject, majority of private schools come under the purview of State Governments/UT Administration. Fees and admission including admission  under  Economic  Weaker  Section  (EWS)  quota  are  regulated  in  schools including private schools by the State Governments/UT Administration.

## 1.The thrust of question :

The  thrust  of  the  question  is  on  arbitrary  works  of  Private  schools,  exorbitant increases  in  fee,  regulation  for  Private  schools,  and  Economic  Weaker  Section (EWS) admission quote ion Private schools.

## 2. Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) functions under the aegis of this Ministry and is responsible for granting affiliation to schools, and conducting public examination  at  secondary  (X)  and  senior  secondary  examinations  (XII)  stage  , researching and reforming education system and training principals and teachers of the schools affiliated to it. The CBSE was constituted as a registered society under Societies Registration Act, 1860. As of now 17,349 schools are affiliated with the Board.

## 3. Major Activities and Objectives of CBSE

- To prescribe conditions of examinations and conduct public examination at the  end  of  Class  X  and  XII.  To  grant  qualifying  certificates  to  successful candidates of the affiliated schools.
- To  fulfill  the  educational  requirements  of  those  students  whose  parents were employed in   transferable jobs.
- To prescribe and update the course of instructions of examinations
- To  affiliate  institutions  for  the  purpose  of  examination  and  raise  the academic standards of the country.

## 4. The prime focus of the Board is on

- Innovations in teaching-learning methodologies by devising studentfriendly and student-centered paradigms.
- Reforms in examinations and evaluation practices.
- Regularly updating the pedagogical skills of the teachers and administrators  by  conducting  in  service  training  programmes,  workshops etc.
- Skill learning by adding job-oriented and job-linked inputs.

## 11 th Position

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  THE  PARTS  (a)  TO  (e)  OF  LOK SABHA  STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  111  FOR  02.05.2016  ASKED  BY  SHRI RAKESH SINGH, SHRI BIDYUT BARAN MAHATO, HON'BLE MPs REGARDING 'COMMERCIALISATION OF EDUCATION'

## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

5 .  The  Affiliation  Bye-laws  of  CBSE  clause 19.1.(ii) defining  the  Role  of  Society managing the school prescribes  that  ' It  shall  ensure  that  the  school  is  run  as  a community service and not as a business and that commercialization does not take place in the school in any shape whatsoever.'

Clause 19.1. (iii) further states that 'It shall ensure that the funds accruing from the school are spent for the benefit of the school and for its expansion.'

Government/ Government-aided / Kendriya Vidyalayas /Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas  /  Central  Tibetan  Schools  are  to  follow  the  rules  of  the  respective Government  or  Govt.  organizations  in  all  matters.  Whereas,  unaided  privately managed independent schools are expected to adhere to the provisions prescribed in the Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board.

Clause  11.1 of  the  Affiliation  Bye-Laws  of  the  Board  inter  alia  prescribe  the following:-

Affiliation Bye-laws states that

' Fees  charges  should  be  commensurate  with  the  facilities provided  by  the institution.  Fees  should  normally  be  charged  under  the  heads  prescribed  by  the Department of Education of the State/U.T. for schools of different categories. No capitation fee or voluntary donations for gaining admission in the school or for any other  purpose  should  be  charged  /  collected  in  the  name  of  the  school  and  the school  should  not  subject  the  child  or  his  or  her  parents  or  guardians  to  any screening  procedure.  In  case  of  such  malpractices,  the  Board  may  take  drastic action leading to disaffiliation of the school.

Further,  any  school  or  person  violates  the  above  provisions  is  liable  for  the following:-

- (i) Receives capitation fee, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to ten times the capitation fee charged;
- (ii)  Subjects  a  child  to  screening  procedure,  shall  be  punishable  with  fine  which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees for the first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for each subsequent contraventions .'

In case a student leaves the school for such compulsion as transfer of parents or for health reason or in case of death of the student before completion of the session, prorata return of quarterly/term/annual fees should be made.

The unaided schools should consult parents through parents representatives before revising the fees. The fee should not be revised during the mid-session.

Further, the Board issues Guidelines and Circulars to its affiliated schools from time to time for strict adherence of provisions of its affiliation Bye-Laws.

The Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board also have the following provisions:

Affiliation  Bye-Law  12  (ii)  For  the  purpose  of  admission  and  extent  of  schools responsibility  for  Free  and  Compulsory  Education  the school shall be  governed  by the provisions of the Right to Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and the amendments, made there to from time to time.

Affiliation  Bye-Law  12  (iii)  The  school  shall  maintain  all  relevant  records  of  the students applied and admitted annually as stipulated in Section 3 (1) and (2) of the RTE Act, 2009 and shall also follow the guidelines/instructions issued by the State in which the school is situated.

In  so  far  as  admission  under  RTE  Act  (2009)  is  concerned  the  Board  has  issued circulars No. CBSE/AFF/Circular/2012/411031 dated 18.4.2012 and CBSE/AFF/Circular  2012/496855  dated  23.11.2012  which  are  also  available  on CBSE website www.cbse.nic.in.

## 6. Curriculum prescribed by CBSE

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) prescribes curricula for examinations on  the  basis  of  National  Policy  on  Education  -1986  and  the  National  Curriculum Framework-2005.The curriculum prescribed by CBSE is based on the values, skills and competencies as envisioned in these documents. The curriculum prescribed by CBSE contributes to the development of values, social attitudes and skills, such as tolerance and respect for all, human  rights, gender equality, justice and inclusiveness and the acquisition of relevant knowledge that students need to apply in  the  context  of  their  studies,  daily  lives  and  future  vocations.  The  curriculum prescribed by CBSE also support the learner's personal growth by contributing to enhancing  their  self-reliance,  motivation  and  aspirations.  The  assessment  in  all these areas is reflected in the final certificate awarded by the Board. The e-copies of the Curriculum documents  -2016-17 are available at the following link http://cbseacademic.in/curriculum.html

## 7. Textbooks and support material published by the CBSE

It  is  an  undisputed  fact  that  textbooks  are  the  most  important  resource  that  has been playing a pivotal role in the delivery of curriculum in the schools. However the availability  of  textbooks  in  most  of  the  parts  of  India  is  not  uniform  and  people often complain about the non-shortage or availability of textbooks. This affect the quality of education adversely and in some cases leads to drop-outs which makes universalization of primary and secondary education rather difficult to achieve and maintain.

National Curriculum Framework-2005 under the section 5.5.1 (Plurality of textbooks)  mentioned  that  textbooks  may  be  made  available  on  the  web  (Public Domain) so that apart from use by various stakeholders feedback and critique may also be received for the further improvement of textbooks.

Government of India has been encouraging digitization of learning resources and set  up  National  Mission  on  Education  through  Information  and  Communication Technology (NMEICT) under the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) to drive convergence  in  the  education  sector  through Digitized  Content,  Connectivity  and Low-cost Access cum Computing Devices (LACD).

Following  the  vision  of  government  and  in  order  to  resolve  various  issue  related with availability of textbooks and heavy school bags of children, and to comply with suggestions  made  in  the  NCF-2005,  Central  Board  of  Secondary  Education  has uploaded  its  textbook  in  the  form  of  e-books  at  its  website.109  most  popular  of such books are available in digitalized form at the following link. http://cbse.nic.in/ePub/webcbse/webcbse/ab-cbse-book-7.html

## 8. Administrative Control of States -

Education being a concurrent subject, majority of private schools come under the purview  of  State  Governments/UT  Administration.  Fees  and  admission  including admission  under  Economic  Weaker  Section  (EWS)  quota  are  regulated  in  schools including private schools by the State Governments/UT Administration.

## 9.  Right of children for Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 -

The  RTE  Act-2009    recommends  that  'specified  in  sub-clauses  (iii)    a  school belonging to specified category; and (iv) an unaided school not receiving any kind of aid or grants to meet its expenses from the appropriate Government or the local authority  of clause (n) of section 2 shall admit in Class I, to the extent of at least twenty  five  per  cent  of  the  strength  of  that  class,  children  belonging  to  weaker section  and  disadvantaged  group  in  the    neighbourhood  and  provide  free  and compulsory elementary education till its completion'.

## 10. ICT Resources for Teaching Learning -

For extending access of students, teachers and other stakeholders to variety of ICT resource (teaching-learning) and henceforth improving quality of school education at  all  levels,  the  NCERT  has  already  introduced  National  Repository  of  Open Educational  Resources  (NROER)  and  e-pathshala,  a  platform  for  showcasing  and dissemination  of  all  digital  and  digitisable  resources  for  its  stakeholders.  The  eresources for students include e-books from classes I to XII, e-contents, i.e. audio, video, interactive objects, text images, maps, question banks, e-courses in various subjects,  scholarships,  events,  melas,  competitions  etc.  Similarly  the  e-resources for teacher and teacher educators shall include source books, teacher handbooks, lab  manuals,  supplementary  reading  materials,  e-courses/online  courses  under MOOCs, e-groups, blogs, etc.

## 11 TH  POSITION

RAJYA SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 111 FOR 2.05.2016 ASKED BY SHRI RAKESH  SINGH  AND  SHRI  BIDYUT  BARAN  MAHATO,  HON'BLE  MP'S REGARDING 'COMMERECIALISATION OF EDUCATION'

## Note for Supplementary

## 1.The thrust of question :

The  thrust  of  the  question  is  on  arbitrary  works  of  Private  schools,  exorbitant increases  in  fee,  regulation  for  Private  schools,  and  Economic  Weaker  Section (EWS) admission quote ion Private schools.

## 2. Examination conducted by CBSE:

Central Board of Secondary Education is an autonomous body under the Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.  CBSE conducts Class X and Class XII public examination for the students studying in its affiliated  schools.    There  are  17,349 affiliated  schools  located  within  the  country  and  199  schools  in  23  countries  in abroad as on 30/06/2015.  Besides Class X and Class XII examination, the CBSE does  conduct  number  of  other  entrance  examinations  mainly  AIPMT,  JEE,  CTET, UGC-NET, Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission in class VI entrance test, etc.  The details of the candidates appearing for the important exams is as under:

## 3. Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) functions under the aegis of this Ministry and is responsible for granting affiliation to schools, and conducting public examination  at  secondary  (X)  and  senior  secondary  examinations  (XII)  stage  , researching and reforming education system and training principals and teachers of the schools affiliated to it. The CBSE was constituted as a registered society under Societies Registration Act, 1860. As of now 17,349 schools are affiliated with the Board.

## 4. Major Activities and Objectives of CBSE

- To prescribe conditions of examinations and conduct public examination at the  end  of  Class  X  and  XII.  To  grant  qualifying  certificates  to  successful candidates of the affiliated schools.
- To  fulfill  the  educational  requirements  of  those  students  whose  parents were employed in   transferable jobs.
- To prescribe and update the course of instructions of examinations
- To  affiliate  institutions  for  the  purpose  of  examination  and  raise  the academic standards of the country.

## 5. The prime focus of the Board is on

- Innovations in teaching-learning methodologies by devising studentfriendly and student-centered paradigms.
- Reforms in examinations and evaluation practices.
- Regularly updating the pedagogical skills of the teachers and administrators  by  conducting  in  service  training  programmes,  workshops etc.
- Skill learning by adding job-oriented and job-linked inputs.

## 6. Curriculum prescribed by CBSE

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) prescribes curricula for examinations on  the  basis  of  National  Policy  on  Education  -1986  and  the  National  Curriculum Framework-2005.The curriculum prescribed by CBSE is based on the values, skills and competencies as envisioned in these documents. The curriculum prescribed by CBSE contributes to the development of values, social attitudes and skills, such as tolerance and respect for all, human  rights, gender equality, justice and inclusiveness and the acquisition of relevant knowledge that students need to apply in  the  context  of  their  studies,  daily  lives  and  future  vocations.  The  curriculum prescribed by CBSE also support the learner's personal growth by contributing to enhancing  their  self-reliance,  motivation  and  aspirations.  The  assessment  in  all these areas is reflected in the final certificate awarded by the Board. The e-copies of the Curriculum documents  -2016-17 are available at the following link http://cbseacademic.in/curriculum.html

## 7. Textbooks and support material published by the CBSE

It  is  an  undisputed  fact  that  textbooks  are  the  most  important  resource  that  has been playing a pivotal role in the delivery of curriculum in the schools. However the availability  of  textbooks  in  most  of  the  parts  of  India  is  not  uniform  and  people often complain about the non-shortage or availability of textbooks. This affect the quality of education adversely and in some cases leads to drop-outs which makes universalization of primary and secondary education rather difficult to achieve and maintain.

National Curriculum Framework-2005 under the section 5.5.1 (Plurality of textbooks)  mentioned  that  textbooks  may  be  made  available  on  the  web  (Public Domain) so that apart from use by various stakeholders feedback and critique may also be received for the further improvement of textbooks.

Government of India has been encouraging digitization of learning resources and set  up  National  Mission  on  Education  through  Information  and  Communication Technology (NMEICT) under the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) to drive convergence  in  the  education  sector  through Digitized  Content,  Connectivity  and Low-cost Access cum Computing Devices (LACD).

Following  the  vision  of  government  and  in  order  to  resolve  various  issue  related with availability of textbooks and heavy school bags of children, and to comply with suggestions  made  in  the  NCF-2005,  Central  Board  of  Secondary  Education  has uploaded  its  textbook  in  the  form  of  e-books  at  its  website.109  most  popular  of such books are available in digitalized form at the following link. http://cbse.nic.in/ePub/webcbse/webcbse/ab-cbse-book-7.html

## 8. CBSE Affiliation -

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) affiliates schools for the purpose of examination and certification at the end of Class X and Class XII. Affiliation ByeLaws  of  CBSE  prescribes  that  Society  Managing  the  school  shall  ensure  that  the school is run as a community service, not as  business, no commercialization takes place in the school in any shape whatsoever. Society Managing the school shall also ensure  that  the  funds  accruing  from  the  school  are  spent  for  the  benefit  of  the school and for its expansion. Government /Government-aided/Kendriya Vidyalayas/Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas/ Central Tibetan Schools are to follow the rules  of  the  respective  Government  or  Government  organizations  in  all  matters. Whereas, unaided privately managed independent schools are expected to adhere to the provisions prescribed in the Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board.

## 9. Administrative Control of States -

Education being a concurrent subject, majority of private schools come under the purview  of  State  Governments/UT  Administration.  Fees  and  admission  including admission  under  Economic  Weaker  Section  (EWS)  quota  are  regulated  in  schools including private schools by the State Governments/UT Administration.

## 10. Provision under RTE Act - 2009 -

The  RTE  Act-2009    recommends  that  'specified  in  sub-clauses  (iii)    a  school belonging to specified category; and (iv) an unaided school not receiving any kind of aid or grants to meet its expenses from the appropriate Government or the local authority  of clause (n) of section 2 shall admit in Class I, to the extent of at least twenty  five  per  cent  of  the  strength  of  that  class,  children  belonging  to  weaker section  and  disadvantaged  group  in  the    neighbourhood  and  provide  free  and compulsory elementary education till its completion'.

## 11. ICT Resources for Teaching Learning -

For extending access of students, teachers and other stakeholders to variety of ICT resource (teaching-learning) and henceforth improving quality of school education at  all  levels,  the  NCERT  has  already  introduced  National  Repository  of  Open Educational  Resources  (NROER)  and  e-pathshala,  a  platform  for  showcasing  and dissemination  of  all  digital  and  digitisable  resources  for  its  stakeholders.  The  e- resources for students include e-books from classes I to XII, e-contents, i.e. audio, video, interactive objects, text images, maps, question banks, e-courses in various subjects,  scholarships,  events,  melas,  competitions  etc.  Similarly  the  e-resources for teacher and teacher educators shall include source books, teacher handbooks, lab  manuals,  supplementary  reading  materials,  e-courses/online  courses  under MOOCs, e-groups, blogs, etc.

## 12. Major Provisions under CBSE Affiliation Bye-Laws -

The  Affiliation  Bye-laws  of  CBSE  clause 19.1.(ii) defining  the  Role  of  Society managing the school prescribes  that  ' It  shall  ensure  that  the  school  is  run  as  a community service and not as a business and that commercialisation does not take place in the school in any shape whatsoever.'

Clause 19.1. (iii) further states that 'It shall ensure that the funds accruing from the school are spent for the benefit of the school and for its expansion.'

Government/ Government-aided / Kendriya Vidyalayas /Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas  /  Central  Tibetan  Schools  are  to  follow  the  rules  of  the  respective Government  or  Govt.  organisations  in  all  matters.  Whereas,  unaided  privately managed independent schools are expected to adhere to the provisions prescribed in the Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board.

Clause  11.1 of  the  Affiliation  Bye-Laws  of  the  Board  inter  alia  prescribe  the following:-

Affiliation Bye-laws states that

1. ' Fees  charges  should  be  commensurate  with  the  facilities  provided  by  the institution. Fees should normally be charged under the heads prescribed by the  Department  of  Education  of  the  State/U.T.  for  schools  of  different categories. No capitation fee or voluntary donations for gaining admission in the  school  or  for  any  other  purpose  should  be  charged  /  collected  in  the name of the school and the school should not subject the child or his or her parents or guardians to any screening procedure. In case of such malpractices, the Board may take drastic action leading to disaffiliation of the school.

Further,  any  school  or  person  violates  the  above  provisions  is  liable  for  the following:-

- (i) Receives capitation fee, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to ten times the capitation fee charged;
- (ii)  Subjects  a  child  to  screening  procedure,  shall  be  punishable  with  fine  which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees for the first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for each subsequent contraventions .'
2. In case a student leaves the school for such compulsion as transfer of parents or for  health  reason  or  in  case  of  death  of  the  student  before  completion  of  the session, prorata return of quarterly/term/annual fees should be made.
3.  The  unaided  schools  should  consult  parents  through  parents  representatives before revising the fees. The fee should not be revised during the mid-session.

Further, the Board issues Guidelines and Circulars to its affiliated schools from time to time for strict adherence of provisions of its affiliation Bye-Laws.

## 13. The Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board also have the following provisions

Affiliation  Bye-Laws  12  (ii)  For  the  purpose  of  admission  and  extent  of  schools responsibility  for  Free  and  Compulsory  Education  the school shall be  governed  by the provisions of the Right to Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and the amendments, made there to from time to time.

Affiliation  Bye-Laws  12  (iii)  The  school  shall  maintain  all  relevant  records  of  the students applied and admitted annually as stipulated in Section 3 (1) and (2) of the RTE Act, 2009 and shall also follow the guidelines/instructions issued by the State in which the school is situated.

In  so  far  as  admission  under  RTE  Act  (2009)  is  concerned  the  Board  has  issued circulars No. CBSE/AFF/Circular/2012/411031 dated 18.4.2012 and CBSE/AFF/Circular  2012/496855  dated  23.11.2012  which  are  also  available  on CBSE website www.cbse.nic.in.