Lok Sabha Question No. 11 (STARRED), answered on 2016-04-25
Subject: Landholding of Tribals
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: R. PARTHIPAN

## *11. SHRI R. PARTHIPAN:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the tribals in the country possess small and uneconomical landholdings and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the tribals remain chronically indebted due to variety of reasons including low crop yield and if so, the details thereof and the reaction of the Government thereto;
- (c) whether the tribals are participating in occupational activities in the secondary and tertiary sectors and if so, the details thereof, State/UT-wise; and
- (d) whether the Government has any special packages/plans for upliftment of tribals in the country including Tamil Nadu and if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS)

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.*11

TO BE ANSWERED ON 25.04.2016

## LANDHOLDINGS OF TRIBALS

MINISTER OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SHRI JUAL ORAM)

- (a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

Statement referred to in reply to parts (a) to (d) of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. *11 for 25.04.2016 by Shri R. PARTHIPAN, MP, regarding 'Landholdings of Tribals'.

- (a): Distribution of households by size category of land holdings for social groups are given below:

(in %)

| Category of holdings (land size class in ha)                                                                                                | Household Social Groups                                                                                                                     | Household Social Groups                                                                                                                     | Household Social Groups                                                                                                                     | Household Social Groups                                                                                                                     | Household Social Groups                                                                                                                     |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Category of holdings (land size class in ha)                                                                                                | ST                                                                                                                                          | SC                                                                                                                                          | OBC                                                                                                                                         | Others                                                                                                                                      | all (including N.R.)                                                                                                                        |
| (1)                                                                                                                                         | (2)                                                                                                                                         | (3)                                                                                                                                         | (4)                                                                                                                                         | (5)                                                                                                                                         | (6)                                                                                                                                         |
| Landless (<=0.002)                                                                                                                          | 9.41                                                                                                                                        | 7.18                                                                                                                                        | 6.98                                                                                                                                        | 7.40                                                                                                                                        | 7.41                                                                                                                                        |
| Marginal (0.002-1.000)                                                                                                                      | 68.83                                                                                                                                       | 85.70                                                                                                                                       | 75.25                                                                                                                                       | 70.22                                                                                                                                       | 75.42                                                                                                                                       |
| Small (1.000-2.000)                                                                                                                         | 14.64                                                                                                                                       | 4.77                                                                                                                                        | 10.43                                                                                                                                       | 11.31                                                                                                                                       | 10.00                                                                                                                                       |
| Above Small (> 2.000)                                                                                                                       | 7.13                                                                                                                                        | 2.35                                                                                                                                        | 7.34                                                                                                                                        | 11.07                                                                                                                                       | 7.18                                                                                                                                        |
| All Sizes                                                                                                                                   | 100                                                                                                                                         | 100                                                                                                                                         | 100                                                                                                                                         | 100                                                                                                                                         | 100                                                                                                                                         |
| Source: National Sample Survey (NSS) Report No. 571: Household Ownership and Operational Holdings in India ha: hectare, N.R.: Not Reported. | Source: National Sample Survey (NSS) Report No. 571: Household Ownership and Operational Holdings in India ha: hectare, N.R.: Not Reported. | Source: National Sample Survey (NSS) Report No. 571: Household Ownership and Operational Holdings in India ha: hectare, N.R.: Not Reported. | Source: National Sample Survey (NSS) Report No. 571: Household Ownership and Operational Holdings in India ha: hectare, N.R.: Not Reported. | Source: National Sample Survey (NSS) Report No. 571: Household Ownership and Operational Holdings in India ha: hectare, N.R.: Not Reported. | Source: National Sample Survey (NSS) Report No. 571: Household Ownership and Operational Holdings in India ha: hectare, N.R.: Not Reported. |

- (b): No,  Madam.  Incidence  of  Indebtedness  (IOI)  for  ST  households  in  rural  areas  has declined in 2013 as compared to 2003. Also,  IOI for STs is much lower than SCs, OBC and Others as per details given below:

Incidence of Indebtedness (IOI) by Social Group

| Social Group               |   IOI (%) rural |   IOI (%) rural |
|----------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|
|                            |          2003   |          2013   |
| Scheduled Tribe (ST)       |            17.9 |            16.9 |
| Scheduled Caste (SC)       |            27.1 |            30.9 |
| Other Backward Class (OBC) |            28.9 |            35.7 |
| Others                     |            25.7 |            31.4 |
| all                        |            26.5 |            31.4 |

Source: Key Indicators of Debt & Investment Survey 2013 & NSS report no. 503, 2003

## (c): Yes, Madam. All India position is as under:

## Per 1000 distribution of workers in usual status ( ps+ss ) by broad industry of work for each social group

|                      | all-India              | all-India              | all-India              | all-India              |
|----------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|
| Household            | Broad Industry of Work | Broad Industry of Work | Broad Industry of Work | Broad Industry of Work |
| Social Group         | Primary                | Secondary              | Tertiary               | all                    |
| (1)                  | (2)                    | (3)                    | (4)                    | (5)                    |
| Scheduled Tribe      | 704                    | 179                    | 117                    | 1000                   |
| Scheduled Caste      | 490                    | 295                    | 216                    | 1000                   |
| Other Backward Class | 506                    | 238                    | 256                    | 1000                   |
| Others               | 381                    | 236                    | 383                    | 1000                   |
| all                  | 489                    | 243                    | 268                    | 1000                   |

Source: NSS Report No.563: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Social Groups in India. ps: principal status,  ss: subsidiary status.

Per 1000 ST households distribution in different sectors for each State / UT in rural and urban areas are given at Annexure I and II , respectively.

(d): Central and State Governments, including State Government of Tamil Nadu, have been taking various initiatives under Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) Strategy to ensure that in all development programmes  tribals  get  their  due.  This  addresses  education,  health,  sanitation,  water  supply, livelihood, etc. issues to improve their economic, educational and social conditions.

Apart from above, Ministry of Tribal Affairs administers two special area programmes namely Special Central Assistance (SCA) to Tribal Sub Plan (TSP)  in 23 States and Grants under Article 275 (1) of the Constitution wherein funds are provided to 28 States (including Telangana since 2.6.2014). Van Bandhu Kalyan Yojana (VKY) has been adopted as a strategic process to ensure effective utilization of available financial resources under TSP.

Following educational schemes for STs are also being administered:

1. Umbrella Scheme (consisting of following sub-schemes)
- a. Pre - Matric Scholarships for ST students
- b. Post Matric Scholarships for ST students
- c. Constructions of Hostels for ST Boys & Girls
- d. Ashram Schools
- e. Vocational Training Centre
2. National Fellowship and Scholarship for Higher Education of ST students consisting of following sub-schemes:
- a. Top Class Education for ST students
- b. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for ST students
3. National Overseas Scholarships for ST students.
4. Following schemes are also implemented by MoTA:
12. (i) Minor Forest Produce (MFP) through Minimum  Support Price (MSP)  and Development of Value Chain for MFP.
13. (ii) Grants-in-aid  to  Voluntary  Organisations  working  for  the  welfare  of  Scheduled Tribes.
14. (iii) Strengthening Education among Scheduled Tribe Girls in Low Literacy  Districts.
15. (iv) Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
16. (v) Research Information & Mass Education, Tribal Festival and Others.

****

## Annexures I and II referred to in reply to part (c) of the Lok Sabha Starred Parliament Question No.*11 for answer on 25.04.2016.

## Annexure I

## Per 1000 distribution of ST households by household type of each State / UT

Rural

| State / UT          | Self-employed in   | Self-employed in   | Self-employed in   | Regular wage/ salary earning   | Casual labour in   | Casual labour in   | Casual labour in   | Others   | All (incl. Not Reported)   |
|---------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------|----------------------------|
| State / UT          | Agriculture        | Non- agri culture  | Sub total          |                                | Agriculture        | Non- agri culture  | Sub total          | Others   | All (incl. Not Reported)   |
| (1)                 | (2)                | (3)                | (4)                | (5)                            | (6)                | (7)                | (8)                | (9)      | (10)                       |
| Andhra Pradesh      | 342                | 82                 | 424                | 52                             | 379                | 48                 | 427                | 98       | 1000                       |
| Arunachal Pradesh   | 722                | 51                 | 774                | 136                            | 2                  | 9                  | 11                 | 79       | 1000                       |
| Assam               | 526                | 219                | 745                | 44                             | 103                | 52                 | 155                | 55       | 1000                       |
| Bihar               | 237                | 84                 | 322                | 30                             | 396                | 60                 | 457                | 192      | 1000                       |
| Chhattisgarh        | 562                | 31                 | 593                | 59                             | 246                | 37                 | 283                | 64       | 1000                       |
| Delhi               | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 1000                           | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 0        | 1000                       |
| Goa                 | 4                  | 340                | 344                | 394                            | 40                 | 223                | 263                | 0        | 1000                       |
| Gujarat             | 466                | 77                 | 543                | 58                             | 294                | 53                 | 347                | 52       | 1000                       |
| Haryana             | 149                | 163                | 313                | 90                             | 0                  | 359                | 359                | 238      | 1000                       |
| Himachal Pradesh    | 393                | 136                | 529                | 171                            | 0                  | 264                | 264                | 36       | 1000                       |
| Jammu &Kashmir      | 291                | 129                | 420                | 252                            | 39                 | 258                | 297                | 32       | 1000                       |
| Jharkhand           | 570                | 81                 | 652                | 32                             | 71                 | 167                | 238                | 79       | 1000                       |
| Karnataka           | 397                | 52                 | 450                | 64                             | 358                | 70                 | 428                | 58       | 1000                       |
| Kerala              | 132                | 89                 | 221                | 132                            | 415                | 212                | 627                | 20       | 1000                       |
| Madhya Pradesh      | 396                | 38                 | 435                | 56                             | 297                | 164                | 461                | 48       | 1000                       |
| Maharashtra         | 315                | 33                 | 348                | 54                             | 402                | 105                | 508                | 90       | 1000                       |
| Manipur             | 532                | 194                | 726                | 212                            | 27                 | 13                 | 40                 | 22       | 1000                       |
| Meghalaya           | 439                | 207                | 646                | 153                            | 112                | 52                 | 164                | 37       | 1000                       |
| Mizoram             | 698                | 108                | 807                | 153                            | 0                  | 27                 | 27                 | 14       | 1000                       |
| Nagaland            | 578                | 123                | 701                | 218                            | 0                  | 4                  | 4                  | 77       | 1000                       |
| Odisha              | 395                | 138                | 533                | 42                             | 233                | 160                | 393                | 32       | 1000                       |
| Punjab              | 0                  | 656                | 656                | 0                              | 0                  | 344                | 344                | 0        | 1000                       |
| Rajasthan           | 415                | 57                 | 473                | 37                             | 38                 | 426                | 464                | 27       | 1000                       |
| Sikkim              | 569                | 85                 | 654                | 236                            | 0                  | 74                 | 75                 | 35       | 1000                       |
| Tamil Nadu          | 306                | 8                  | 314                | 81                             | 342                | 80                 | 422                | 183      | 1000                       |
| Tripura             | 296                | 157                | 453                | 67                             | 53                 | 351                | 404                | 71       | 1000                       |
| Uttarakhand         | 350                | 381                | 731                | 69                             | 26                 | 60                 | 86                 | 114      | 1000                       |
| Uttar Pradesh       | 401                | 188                | 589                | 83                             | 97                 | 142                | 240                | 88       | 1000                       |
| West Bengal         | 193                | 78                 | 272                | 78                             | 518                | 106                | 623                | 27       | 1000                       |
| A &NIslands         | 618                | 12                 | 630                | 249                            | 49                 | 0                  | 49                 | 72       | 1000                       |
| Chandigarh          | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 1000                           | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 0        | 1000                       |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli | 255                | 59                 | 314                | 318                            | 8                  | 130                | 138                | 230      | 1000                       |
| Daman &Diu          | 69                 | 0                  | 69                 | 874                            | 56                 | 0                  | 56                 | 0        | 1000                       |
| Lakshadweep         | 30                 | 117                | 147                | 424                            |                    | 191                | 252                | 176      | 1000                       |
| Puducherry          | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 0                              | 61                 |                    |                    | 0        | 1000                       |
| All India           | 414                | 81                 | 495                | 63                             | 1000 245           | 0 139              | 1000 383           | 59       | 1000                       |

Annexure II Per 1000 distribution of ST households by household type of each State / UT

Urban

| State/UT                             | Self employed      | Regular wage / salary earning   | Casual labour       | others        | All (incl. Not Reported)   |
|--------------------------------------|--------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------|---------------|----------------------------|
| (1)                                  | (2)                | (3)                             | (4)                 | (5)           | (6)                        |
| Andhra Pradesh                       | 200                | 491                             | 142                 | 167           | 1000                       |
| Arunachal Pradesh                    | 222                | 609                             | 74                  | 95            | 1000                       |
| Assam                                | 412                | 437                             | 7                   | 144           | 1000                       |
| Bihar                                | 569                | 98                              | 333                 | 0             | 1000                       |
| Chhattisgarh                         | 211                | 330                             | 298                 | 161           | 1000                       |
| Delhi                                | 326                | 608                             | 66                  | 0             | 1000                       |
| Goa                                  | 101                | 899                             | 0                   | 0             | 1000                       |
| Gujarat                              | 219                | 454                             | 154                 | 173           | 1000                       |
| Haryana                              | 160                | 198                             | 623                 | 19            | 1000                       |
| Himachal Pradesh                     | 205                | 102                             | 0                   | 693           | 1000                       |
| Jammu &Kashmir                       | 154                | 502                             | 83                  | 261           | 1000                       |
| Jharkhand                            | 178                | 361                             | 205                 | 255           | 1000                       |
| Karnataka                            | 211                | 328                             | 264                 | 196           | 1000                       |
| Kerala                               | 96                 | 622                             | 141                 | 141           | 1000                       |
| Madhya Pradesh                       | 125                | 491                             | 230                 | 152           | 1000                       |
| Maharashtra                          | 145                | 581                             | 128                 | 147           | 1000                       |
| Manipur                              | 543                | 233                             | 33                  | 192           | 1000                       |
| Meghalaya                            | 252                | 455                             | 132                 | 161           | 1000                       |
| Mizoram                              | 348                | 520                             | 72                  | 59            | 1000                       |
| Nagaland                             | 223                | 643                             | 19                  | 115           | 1000                       |
| Odisha                               | 143                | 289                             | 389                 | 179           | 1000                       |
| Punjab                               | 370                | 630                             | 0                   | 0             | 1000                       |
| Rajasthan                            | 141                | 466                             | 214                 | 179           | 1000                       |
| Sikkim                               | 394                | 357                             | 0                   | 249           | 1000                       |
| Tamil Nadu                           | 171                | 432                             | 384                 | 13            | 1000                       |
| Tripura                              | 122                | 397                             | 9                   | 472           | 1000                       |
| Uttarakhand                          | 74                 | 288                             | 0                   | 638           | 1000                       |
| Uttar Pradesh                        | 220                | 627                             | 69                  | 84            | 1000                       |
| West Bengal                          | 100                | 518                             | 179                 | 203           | 1000                       |
| A &NIslands                          | 0                  | 825                             | 0                   | 175           | 1000                       |
| Chandigarh                           | 829                | 171                             | 0                   | 0             | 1000                       |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli                  | 243                | 663                             | 94                  | 0             | 1000                       |
| Daman &Diu                           | 0                  | 533                             | 467                 | 0             | 1000                       |
| Lakshadweep                          | 234                | 564                             | 89                  | 113           | 1000                       |
| Puducherry                           | 0                  | 1000                            | 0                   | 0             | 1000                       |
| All India Source: NSS Report No.563: | 195 Employment and | 465 unemployment                | 180 situation among | 160 groups in | 1000 2011-12               |