Lok Sabha Question No. 352 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-07-22
Subject: CSIR Laboratories and Outreach Centres
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: PRATHAP SIMHA, SHIVKUMAR CHANABASAPPA UDASI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

**MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY**

## DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

**LOK SABHA**

**UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 352**

**(TO BE ANSWERED ON 22.07.2015)**

**CSIR LABORATORIES AND OUTREACH CENTRES**

**352.  SHRI PRATAP SIMHA:**

**SHRI SHIVKUMAR UDASI:**

**Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:**

1. **the details the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories and Outreach Centres in the country, location-wise:**

1. **the achievements of the said laboratories during each of the last three years and the current year;**
2. **whether the Government proposes to set up more laboratories in the country; and**
3. **if so, the details thereof, State-wise including Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana States?**

### 1 ANSWER

**MINISTER OF STATE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND MINISTER OF STATE OF EARTH SCIENCES**

**(SHRI Y.S. CHOWDARY)**

(a)	List of Laboratories and Outreach Centres of the **Council of 	Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), location-wise, is given in 	Annexure-I ;**

(b)	The achievements of CSIR laboratories during each of the last 	three 	years are given in Annexures as detailed below:

| Annexure-II   | Significant Achievements during 2012-13                        |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Annexure-III  | Significant Achievements during 2013-14                        |
| Annexure-IV   | Significant Achievements during 2014-15                        |
| Annexure-V    | Significant Achievements during 2015-16 till 16  th  July 2015 |

(c)	No Madam.

(d)	Does not arise.

********

Annexure-I

**State-wise CSIR Laboratories**

| Assam                          | CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat                                 |
|--------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Goa                            | CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula                                       |
| Gujarat                        | CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar                        |
| Jammu & Kashmir                | CSIR-Indian Institute of  Integrative Medicine, Jammu                                     |
| Jharkhand                      | CSIR-Central Institute of Mining  & Fuel Research, Dhanbad                                |
| Jharkhand                      | CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur                                        |
| Himachal Pradesh               | CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur                              |
| Karnataka                      | CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore                                |
| Karnataka                      | CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bengaluru                                           |
| Karnataka                      | CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bengaluru                                                 |
| Kerala                         | CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary  Science and Technology,  Thiruvananthapuram |
| Madhya Pradesh                 | CSIR-Advanced Materials & Process Research Institute, Bhopal                              |
| Maharashtra                    | CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune                                                   |
| Maharashtra                    | CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur                        |
| Odisha                         | CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology , Bhubaneswar                           |
| Rajasthan                      | CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani                           |
| Tamil Nadu                     | CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi                                |
| Tamil Nadu                     | CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai                                          |
| Tamil Nadu                     | CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai                                      |
| Telangana                      | CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad                                   |
| Telangana                      | CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad                                   |
| Telangana                      | CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad                                   |
| Uttar Pradesh                  | CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh                  | CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow                          |
| Uttar Pradesh                  | CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow                                     |
| Uttar Pradesh                  | CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow                                       |
| Uttarakhand                    | CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee                                         |
| Uttarakhand                    | CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun                                              |
| West Bengal                    | CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata                                  |
| West Bengal                    | CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur                          |
| West Bengal                    | CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical  Biology, Kolkata                                       |
| Union Territory of  Delhi- NCT | CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi                                           |
| Union Territory of  Delhi- NCT | CSIR-Institute of Genomic & Integrative Biology, New Delhi                                |
| Union Territory of  Delhi- NCT | CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi     |
| Union Territory of  Delhi- NCT | CSIR-National Institute of Science, Technology and Development  Studies, New Delhi        |
| Union Territory of  Delhi- NCT | CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi                                              |
| Union Territory of  Chandigarh | CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh                              |
| Union Territory of  Chandigarh | CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh                                        |

Annexure-I

**State-wise Outreach Centre of CSIR Laboratories**

| **S. No.**   | **Laboratory**   | **Outreach centre**   |
|--------------|------------------|-----------------------|
|              | CSIR-CBRI        | New Delhi             |
|              | CSIR-CECRI       | Chennai               |
|              | CSIR-CECRI       | Mandapam              |
|              | CSIR-CECRI       | Tuticorin             |
|              | CSIR-CEERI       | Chennai               |
|              | CSIR-CFTRI       | Hyderabad             |
|              | CSIR-CFTRI       | Lucknow               |
|              | CSIR-CFTRI       | Mumbai                |
|              | CSIR-CGCRI       | Ahmedabad             |
|              | CSIR-CGCRI       | Khurja                |
|              | CSIR-CIMAP       | Bengaluru             |
|              | CSIR-CIMAP       | Hyderabad             |
|              | CSIR-CIMAP       | Pantnagar             |
|              | CSIR-CIMAP       | Purara                |
|              | CSIR-CIMFR       | Bilaspur              |
|              | CSIR-CIMFR       | Nagpur                |
|              | CSIR-CIMFR       | Ranchi                |
|              | CSIR-CIMFR       | Roorkee               |
|              | CSIR-CLRI        | Ahmedabad             |
|              | CSIR-CLRI        | Jalandhar             |
|              | CSIR-CLRI        | Kanpur                |
|              | CSIR-CLRI        | Kolkata               |
|              | CSIR-CMERI       | Ludhiana              |
|              | CSIR-CSIO        | Chennai               |
|              | CSIR-CSIO        | New Delhi             |
|              | CSIR Hqs.        | CSEU, Pune            |
|              | CSIR-CSMCRI      | Mandapam              |
|              | CSIR-IIIM        | Srinagar              |
|              | CSIR-NEERI       | Chennai               |
|              | CSIR-CSIR-NEERI  | New Delhi             |
|              | CSIR-NEERI       | Hyderabad             |
|              | CSIR-NEERI       | Kolkata               |
|              | CSIR-NEERI       | Mumbai                |
|              | CSIR-NEIST       | Imphal                |
|              | CSIR-NEIST       | Itanagar              |
|              | CSIR-NIO         | Kochi                 |
|              | CSIR-NIO         | Mumbai                |
|              | CSIR-NIO         | Visakhapatnam         |
|              | CSIR-NML         | Chennai               |

**Annexure-II**

Significant Achievements of CSIR during 2012-13

The year saw the beginning of the 12 th Five Year Plan. CSIR’s 12 th Five Year Plan aims for Prosperity of People while Protecting the Planet.  It thus has people centric approach with focus on Scientific & Technological Developments & Interventions for Economic and Social Empowerment through organizational, leadership and national focus. Concerted R&D efforts are being pursued in the domains of: (i) Affordable Healthcare; (ii) Agri-food technologies; (iii) Sustainable Energy; (iv) Chemistry and Environment (v) Smart and Functional materials; (vi) Engineering Structures/ design and Electronics; (vii) Civil Aviation; (viii) Climate Change and Earth System Sciences; (ix) CSIR 800; and (x) Scientific Entrepreneurship. During the year, CSIR’s performance was very imposing.

1.1	CSIR’s Global Positioning

Ranked at 81st among 2740 institutions worldwide, CSIR is the only Indian organization among the top 100 global institutions, according to the SCImago Institutions Ranking World Report 2013. CSIR holds the 16th rank in Asia and leads the country at the first position. CSIR’s average output per scientist is not far behind in comparison to the other leading publicly funded organizations in the world. With a budget of about 4.34 Billion USD, CNRS, France average output per scientist is about 10.99, RIKEN, Japan with 1.07 Billion USD at 5.11 and CSIR with only 0.61 Billion USD is at an admirable 4.71.

1.2	Scientific Excellence

- CSIR has published 5006 research papers during 2012 with an average impact factor per paper as 2.673 in SCI journals of national and international repute contributing to 10% of Indian R&D literature.
- Several research papers were in high impact factor journals like ‘Chemical Reviews’ (IF 41.298), ‘Lancet’ (IF 38.278), ‘Nature’ (IF 38.597), ‘Science’ (IF 31.20), ‘Chemical Society Reviews’ (IF 28.76) etc. Following Graphs show the trend of research publications by CSIR over the last few years.
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- Some of the Research Articles from CSIR appeared on the cover page of the journals.
| <!-- image -->  ‘Synthesis of tetrazole–isoxazoline hybrids as a new class of tubulinpolymerization inhibitors’ CSIR-IICT                                                         | <!-- image -->  ‘Recent progress of core-substituted naphthalenediimides’  CSIR-IICT                                                                                                                                                        | <!-- image -->  ‘Glu121-Lys319 salt bridge between catalytic and N-terminal domains is pivotal for the activity and stability of scherichia coli aminopeptidase N’ CSIR-IICT   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <!-- image -->  ‘Mixotrophic operation of photo-bioelectrocatalytic fuel cell under anoxygenic microenvironment enhances the light dependent bioelectrogenic activity’  CSIR-IICT | <!-- image -->  ‘Porphyrin having high quantum yields of triplet and singlet oxygen. It exhibits apoptosis mediated photodynamic activity in cancer cells and acts as a probe for NIR fluorescence imaging of live cell nucleus’  CSIR-CCMB | <!-- image -->  ‘Thermally assisted photonic inversion of supramolecular handedness’ CSIR-NIIST                                                                                |
| <!-- image -->  ‘Oligo(p-phenylene-ethynylene)-Derived Super-π-Gelators with Tunable Emission and Self-Assembled Polymorphic Structures’  CSIR-NIIST                              | <!-- image -->  ‘Aza-BODIPY Derivatives: Enhanced Quantum Yields of Triplet Excited States and the Generation of Singlet Oxygen and their Role as Facile Sustainable Photooxygenation Catalysts’ CSIR-NIIST                                 | <!-- image -->  ‘High quality NMP exfoliated graphene nanosheet–SnO  2  composite anode material for lithium ion battery’  CSIR-CECRI                                          |

1.3	Value Generation through Intellectual Property

CSIR has filed 381 patents abroad and 199 patents in India during 2012-13. It is maintaining a portfolio of 2767 patents abroad and 1746 patents in India as on 31.03.2013 with 13.86% utilization as on 20.09.2012. The following charts provide data on patents filed and patents granted over the last few years.

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1.4	Creating and Nurturing S&T Human Resource

CSIR has been systematically creating and nurturing highly qualified S&T manpower in the country. It is presently supporting more than 9000 Research fellows, 169 Senior Research Associates and more than 1200 research schemes to various universities.

1.5	CSIR Scientists in Frontier of Science

CSIR scientists are well recognized and are awarded prestigious fellowships and conferred awards regularly. A glimpse of these recognitions is given below:

| **Shanti SwarupBhatnagar Prize 2012**   |                                    |
|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| <!-- image -->                          | <!-- image -->                     |
| Dr. Shantanu Chowdhury, CSIR-IGIB       | Dr. Gangadhar J Sanjayan, CSIR-NCL |
| **Infosys Foundation Award-2012**       |                                    |
| <!-- image -->                          | <!-- image -->                     |
| Dr. A. Ajayaghosh, CSIR-NIIST           | Dr. Ashish Lele, CSIR-NCL          |

| **INSA Fellows 2013**          |                                   |                                 |                              |
|--------------------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------|------------------------------|
| <!-- image -->                 | <!-- image -->                    |                                 | <!-- image -->               |
| Dr. P. S. Ahuja,CSIR-IHBT      | Prof. Gautam Biswas, CSIR-CMERI   | Prof. Gautam Biswas, CSIR-CMERI | Dr. MadhuDikshit,  CSIR-CDRI |
| <!-- image -->                 | <!-- image -->                    | <!-- image -->                  |                              |
| Dr. Yogendra Singh,  CSIR-IGIB | Dr. R. Sankaranarayanan CSIR-CCMB | Dr. A. K. Giri  CSIR-IICB       |                              |
| <!-- image -->                 | <!-- image -->                    | <!-- image -->                  |                              |
| Dr. G. Parthasarthy CSIR-NGRI  | Dr. A. Ajayaghosh  CSIR-NIIST     | Dr. S. K. Krishna  CSIR-NIO     |                              |

2.0	Some noteworthy accomplishments

2.1	CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Institute

CSIR has repositioned its unit namely CSIR-Centre for Mathematical Modelling & Computer Simulation (CSIR-CMMACS) as CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR-4PI) in order to empower high end computational and data intensive scientific research. CSIR-4PI operates in a hub and spoke model. The hub is located in Bengaluru and the spokes are located in Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Nagpur, and Pune, each focusing on a specific domain/cluster to support the planned objectives of CSIR-4PI. CSIR has setup a High Computing facility (360 TFOPS peak with 304 TFLOPS sustained on LINPACK). Access to this computing facility, is through National Knowledge Network.

2.2	Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and National Innovation Council (NInC) Partnership on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Cluster Innovation Programme

CSIR &NInC have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance the innovation capability and capacity of 26 million MSMEs of the country, through establishment of ‘Cluster Innovation Centres’ at 150 identified MSME clusters. The initiative is creating enabling frameworks for technological interventions / innovations, which will in turn contribute to enhanced productivity and competitiveness of MSMEs.  Six Pilot Clusters have been made operational namely: (i) Mango Cluster, Krishnagiri; (ii) Brass Cluster, Moradabad; (iii) Bamboo Cluster, Agartala; (iv) Auto Cluster, Faridabad; (v) Ayurveda Cluster, Thrissur; and (vi) Life Sciences Cluster, Ahmedabad. As a part of this focused effort, CSIR scientists have developed: protocols for Mango Cluster for enhancing the storage life of Krishnagiri mangoes from 7 days to 35 days; for the Brass Cluster Moradabad, a lacquer has been developed to give more shine to Moradabad Brass artifacts vis-à-vis Chinese Products and an efficient furnace has been developed and handed over for commercial use; and at Agartala Bamboo Cluster, cheaper alternative to Jiget binding material for making Agarbatties has been developed. CSIR has also decided to take up additional 62 MSME Clusters for seeding innovations.

2.3	DHVANI for Indian Army

CSIR-NAL has developed an indigenous system for Detection and Hit Visualization using Acoustic N-wave Identification (DHVANI) for locating bullet hits on targets for the Indian Army. This involved the deployment of an array of acoustic sensors under the general flight path of such projectiles, acquiring and analyzing the signal in real-time and instantaneous display of results in a graphical form at the shooter’s end. The system is cost effective and reduces training time.

2.4	Drishti Systems at Main Runway 28-10 of IGI Airport

Based on the excellent performance of Drishti installed at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi in December 2011, Indian Meteorological Department requested CSIR-NAL to install three more systems on a priority basis at the main Runway 28 of IGI Airport. The systems were needed to handle the urgent requirement of the winter season of 2012-13. In a record time of three weeks, three systems were fabricated and installed at the touchdown, mid and take-off points of runway 28 in the first week of January 2013. Presently there are five Drishti systems at IGI airport, the only Cat III B airport in the country wherein aircrafts have to land under conditions of lowest visibility of 50 meters. Drishti system is capable of measuring visibility down to 5 meters and meets all the stipulations of International Civil Aviation Organisation& World Meteorological Organisation. In December 2012, one more system was installed in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata. The systems have been awarded International Class I certification. As on today, seven latest state of the art Drishti systems are working in three international airports viz., Lucknow, New Delhi and Kolkata.

2.5	CSIR-NCL technology on BrahMos to save huge foreign exchange

The country will now be able to save huge amount of foreign exchange by developing the BrahMos supersonic missile system indigenously, thanks to a polyimide resin technology by CSIR-NCL. This technology is critical for ensuring highly durable airframes of BrahMos missile system in high temperature Indian conditions. The BrahMos supersonic missile technology is a joint venture projects between India and Russia. The key, critical non-metallic components, polymerisable monomeric reactant (PMR) type polymide resin, and 14 other chemicals were successfully developed by CSIR-NCL.  These are critical for ensuring highly durable airframes of BrahMos missile system in high temperature conditions. The non-metallic components to be used in the BrahMos system are from 200 different materials. The key composites were successfully prepared and cleared all the tests. For this endeavours CSIR-NCL has been adjudged 'Best Laboratory Award' by DRDO.

**2.6	Simultaneous Production of US Grade Gasoline and Pure Benzene from FCC C6 Heart Cut**

CSIR-IIP carried out substantial experimental and simulation studies with feedstock provided by M/s Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and demonstrated that US grade gasoline and pure benzene can be simultaneously produced from a FCC C6 heart cut stream using extractive distillation (ED) route with aqueous NMP as the solvent. The gasoline thus produced has sulphur content <10ppm and benzene <0.3%. The technology has been transferred to RIL which is setting up 600,000 MTPA unit costing Rs. 160.00 crore. The annual gasoline production from this unit would equal to a prospective export monetary value of around 682 Million USD per annum with an additional profit of around 102 Million USD per annum from the sales of the recovered high purity benzene (Current market Value of Gasoline and Benzene ~ 1400 US $/ MT).

**2.7	Advanced Soaker Visbreaking Technology**

CSIR-IIP developed advanced soaker visbreaking technology has been transferred to M/s Hindustan Petrochemicals Limited (HPCL) and M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL). Test run has successfully been carried out at HPCL and IOCL. It is expected to increase the profit of HPCL by Rs. 935 lakh per annum and that of IOCL by Rs. 845 lakh per annum. CSIR has earned a fee of Rs. 270 lakh.

3.0	Cluster-wise significant achievements

Some significant achievements are presented below.

**3.1	Biological Sciences Cluster**

3.1.1	Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT)

In a joint effort with CSIR-NIIST, CSIR-CCMB has developed a photo dynamic therapy agent which is about two times more potent (in *in vitro* investigations) than the currently available FDA approved PDT drug. Considering the potential of this molecule a patent has been filed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used as a treatment against cancer where cells are first exposed to a photosensitizer molecule followed by exposure to near-infrared light, resulting in the release of ROS leading to sub-cellular damage and ultimately cell death. Scientists of CSIR-CCMB and CSIR-NIIST have evaluated several indigenously developed photosensitizers, including derivatives of porphyrins and chlorins as potential PDT molecules and found that two molecules, BMR102 and SJR103, showed a better photo-toxic effect on several cancer cell lines when compared to the US-FDA approved and commercially available drug - Photofrin. The phototoxic efficacy of BMR102 on a human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 were also studied. The effect of this photosensitizer was investigated by measuring SKOV3 cell viability by MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis and annexin V-FITC staining. The studies on efficacy of BMR102 *in vivo* using a SKOV3-xenografted nude mouse model have demonstrated a potent photodynamic anti-tumor effect of BMR102. In addition, it has also been observed negligible tumour regrowth post-treatment.

3.1.2	Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India

CSIR-CCMB’s recent study indicated that most of the ethno-linguistic groups in India descend from a mixture of two divergent ancestral populations: Ancestral North Indians (ANI) related to West Eurasians, and Ancestral South Indians (ASI) related (distantly) to indigenous Andaman Islanders. While genetic studies and other lines of evidence are consistent in pointing to mixture of distinct groups in Indian history, the dates are unknown. To estimate the date of admixture, the genome-wide analysis of 73 groups from the Indian subcontinent was performed and analyze linkage disequilibrium and estimated that the ANI-ASI mixture dates ranging from about 1900-4200 years ago. In a subset of groups, 100% of the mixture is consistent with having occurred during this period. These results show that India experienced a demographic transformation several thousand years ago, from a region in which major population mixture was common, to one in which mixture even between closely related groups became rare because of a shift to endogamy.

3.1.3	Wnt Signaling Stimulates Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is a primary defense program orchestrated by monocytes/ macrophages. But, unregulated phagocytosis can lead to pathological conditions. CSIR-IICB has shown that Wnt5a stimulates phagocytosis of bacteria and associated cell activation.  Wnt5a mediated augmentation in phagocytosis may result in uncontrolled inflammation and sustained infection. The results have been published in Proceedings of National Academy of  Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS).

3.1.4	Plant Derived Single Molecule (K058) from CSIR-CDRI as Rapid Fracture Healing Oral Drug

CSIR-CDRI has isolated a novel lead molecule K058 from a plant source and found rapid bone fracture healing anabolic activity that represents a new strategy in addressing primary and secondary osteoporosis.

CSIR-CDRI has signed a Research and licensing agreement on 28 th September, 2012 with M/s Kemxtree LLC, USA (a Nostrum Group company) during ‘CSIR 70 year celebrations’ at CSIR-IGIB campus, New Delhi for further development of the molecule as a novel candidate drug for the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture healing.

3.1.5	Licensing of L-PAC, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine technology

L-PAC, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine technology developed earlier by CSIR-CDRI was licensed to M/s BVM Pharma Ltd., Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh on 11 th March, 2013. An amount of Rs. 24,26,600.00 inclusive of service tax received  towards licensing of the above technology on “As is Where is Basis”.

3.1.6	Development of cosmaceutical products

- **Herbal colour for cosmetics** : Lipophilic strawberry red colour has been isolated from the plant NBR-R1 and standardized along with safety studies for application in lip balm. This technology has been licensed to M/s Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru.

- **Natural Lip-Balm:** CSIR-NBRI and CSIR-CIMAP jointly developed technology for natural lip balm. Herbal colour and natural ingredients used in lip balm protect the lips and leaves the lips hydrated and nourished by preventing moisture loss. Natural lip balm is non-toxic. Technology transferred has been to M/s Chiara Herbals Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
- **Technology developed for yellow colour:** Lipophilic yellow colour was also isolated from the plant NBR-Y for its application in lip butter/balm. Mango flavoured, vitamin-E enriched yellow lip balm developed jointly with CSIR-CIMAP. It keeps the lips healthy and colour is safe.

**3.2	Chemical Sciences Cluster**

3.2.1	Synthetic Aviation Lubricants

India is totally dependent on developed countries for its aviation lubricant requirements which are of immense strategic importance in the Defence-preparedness of our country necessitating self-reliance in this field. A Task Force involving CSIR-IICT as Nodal Agency, CSIR-NAL, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), and The Center for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC) has been formed for developing indigenous capabilities in aviation lubricants. The Task Force shortlisted lubricants OX-27, meeting MIL PRF-23699F and OX-38 meeting DEF STAN 91-98 specifications, for development.

CSIR-IICT has developed two lubricants, SVS11 and SVS21. A specialized bench & pilot scale facility, and a sophisticated analytical testing facility were established at CSIR-IICT. The Rolling Element Bearing Test Facility, a first of its kind in India, was established at CSIR-NAL. The developed lubricants have passed all the mandatory tests. With this landmark development, India has joined the select group of countries having capabilities in aviation lubricant technologies. Provisional Certificates for Airworthiness Approval has been granted by CEMILAC for SVS11 and SVS21 lubricants, which is essential for their commercial exploitation.

3.2.2	Solvent De-oiling plant at Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL)

Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) - a subsidiary of BPCL is setting up a wax deoiling plant using updated CSIR-IIP & Engineers India Ltd (EIL) process know-how at a capital outlay of Rs. 753.72 crores including a foreign component of ₹86.49 crores for specialized patented equipment like Scraped Surface DP Chillers and Rotary Vacuum Filters. This facility will produce 50,000 tons per annum of different grades of petroleum waxes by processing waxy streams available at NRL. The design of the unit is based on indigenous technology developed at CSIR-IIP.

3.2.3	High Energy Density Fuel Production

CSIR-IIP has developed a process for the production of high energy density fuel similar to the Russian origin T-6 fuel as per GOST 12308-89. Various blends of different kerosene range cuts were made and analysed for obtaining the desired characteristics and requirements. The optimized blend thus obtained was then dehydrogenated at high pressure and temperatures to obtain product similar to that of T-6 fuel specifications. The product has been characterized for GOST 12308-89 standard and then around 100 liters of fuel was supplied to DRDL, Hyderabad for testing performance at their facility. The fuel supplied by CSIR-IIP is found similar in performance to the T-6 fuel and also met the desired standards as per GOST 12308-89.

3.2.4	Indian Standards for North East Ginger

CSIR-NIIST has developed a database of oil content and physico-chemical composition of various fresh ginger cultivars grown in seven states of North East (NE) and to arrive at a revised IS specification for NE ginger and its value added products. Three sets of major cultivars of fresh ginger samples were collected at different stages of maturity from seven North East states and to determine the physico chemical characteristics of all the cultivar samples. The variation in the essential oil composition and oleoresin and [6]-gingerol content in  different fresh ginger cultivars harvested at 6 to 9-month maturity from five different states of NE has been investigated. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and citral composition in the essential oil isolated were evaluated to ascertain their variation during the stages of maturity.  Except for Mizoram Thinglaidum, Mizoram Thingria, Nagaland Nadia, and Tripura I ginger cultivars, all other cultivars showed an increase in the citral content during the maturity. HPLC profiling of all the cultivars for screening major bioactives like gingerols and shoagols were also conducted. The database developed provide valuable information for farmers and entrepreneurs in identifying superior varieties of ginger for cultivation and processing which will yield higher volatile oil and oleoresin.

3.2.5	Economical utilization of solid wastes from tanning industry

CSIR-CSMCRI has developed to a process for the preparation of a novel ketene oligomer. The process is patented. The process is simple and the raw materials for process can be sourced from solid wastes generated by different processing industries including tanning industry. Due to its unique properties, it also has a potential for application in pharmaceutical industries as a delivery system through microencapsulation.

**3.3	Engineering Sciences Cluster**

**3.3.1	Iron ore beneficiation**

- **Commercial plant of Brahmani River Pellets Ltd.**

Iron ore beneficiation plant was set up by Brahmani River Pellets Ltd. (BRPL) at Barbil, Odisha on the process flowsheet developed at CSIR-IMMT, to operate 6 million tonnes of low grade iron ore to produce 4.5 million tonnes of iron ore concentrate. This concentrate is to be transported through pipeline to their pellet plant which is situated at a distance of 250 km. The plant has been commissioned after getting the environmental clearance.

- **Commercial plant of Essar Steel India Ltd.**

Iron ore beneficiation plant was set up by Essar Steel India Ltd. on the process flowsheet developed at CSIR-IMMT. The plant is located at Barbil, Odisha to process 16 million tonnes of low grade iron ore to produce 12 million tonnes of iron ore concentrate.  This concentrate is to be transported through pipeline to their pellet plant which is situated on the coast at Paradeep at a distance of 260 km.

**3.3.2	Treatment and safe disposal of effluent**

CSIR-NEERI has provided a technological solution to M/s Mahindra Vehicle Manufactures Limited (MVML), Pune for treatment and safe disposal of its effluent using high rate transpiration system. The designed HRTS model was implemented in the field at M/s MVML, Pune. The HRTS design consists of filter media which provides more surface area for interaction of pollutants and also removes the suspended solids present in the wastewater was prepared.

**3.3.3	CETP scale electro oxidation plant**

The first ever CETP scale electro oxidation plant has been designed in India for treatment of highly recalcitrant chemical industry effluents, based on the technology developed by CSIR-NEERI. This technology helps to meet the effluent discharge norms (COD of 250 mg/l) with low foot print area (4m x 4 m per reactor) and is easy to install, operate and cost-effective.

**3.3.4	Construction technologies and materials**

CSIR-CBRI has developed construction technologies and materials  like Concrete Masonry Blocks, Precast Roofing Components for Roofs and Under Reamed Pile Foundation in Black Cotton Soil are repeatedly being used in construction of thousands of houses by NGOs, Central and State Government Departments and private builders at various rural and urban locations of the country. Several Building Centres and Rural Building Centres are in regular production of precast concrete/ferro cement components by engaging local artisans and labour. CSIR-CBRI licensees at Yamuna Nagar and Ahmedabad are regularly manufacturing CSIR-CBRI designed clay brick extrusion machines of 2500 to 4000 bricks per hour.  Fixed Chimney Brick Kilns and Gravity settlement chamber have been adopted by more than 30,000 brick manufactures to reduce consumption of fuel and environmental pollution. CSIR-CBRI is providing technical guidance in the design and construction of 1000 low cost houses in Bur-kina Faso, Africa.

**3.3.5	Mine plan and EMP for Karwar project of Indian Navy**

Indian Navy has constructed a naval base at Karwar in the western coast near Panaji. The mine plan and the EMP were provided by CSIR-CIMFR for the same. It was proposed to make available the various sized material for the construction purpose by mining the nearby hills.

**3.3.6	Setting up an Industrial scale Column (2.5 m dia.) at Andhra BaryteCorpn. Pvt. Ltd, Cuddapah**

CSIR-NML has developed and provided process, technological and engineering inputs in designing, fabrication, commissioning and stabilization of industrial flotation column to M/s Andhra Baryte Corporation Pvt Ltd. Chennai for the beneficiation of low-grade barytes of Mangampet, Cuddapah, Andhra Pradesh. A 2.5 m diameter flotation column has been fabricated and erected and related instruments have been installed.

**3.4	Information Sciences Cluster**

**3.4.1	High Performance Supercomputing Facility**

CSIR-4PI has established 360 Tera Flop (peak) High Performance Supercomputing facility which is the largest CPU based installation in the country and 82 nd in the world as per the November 2012 list. The systems, riding over the National Knowledge Network, will provide the much needed boost to the computational scientists of CSIR in all the disciplines. It is a CSIR central facility catering to more than 200 computational scientists across all CSIR laboratories.

**3.4.2	Increase in Impact Factor of CSIR Journals**

CSIR-NISCAIR has been providing scholarly research communication links to the scientific community through its 19 journals of international repute, covering all major disciplines of science and technology. CSIR-NISCAIR journals notched up an increase of >41% in Impact Factor (IF) over that from the previous year, according to the Journal Citation Reports 2011. Two journals, viz. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology and Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics have even crossed an Impact Factor of 1.0 – a rarity for Indian Journals.

**3.4.3	Popularization of Science**

Building up on its aim of science popularization through its well-acclaimed popular science magazines (Science Reporter, VigyanPragati& Science kiDuniya), and promotion of Scientific Temper, CSIR-NISCAIR took up the cause further by organizing an international conference on 'VaigyanikDrishtikonTathaChetnaJagane Mein Sanchar MadhyamonkiBhumika par AntarrashtriyaSammelan' in May 2012 in New Delhi. This was on lines of the National Workshop and International Conference held earlier. CSIR-NISCAIR launched two new facilities during the year – Data Information Resource Facility (DIRF) and Video Recording Studio at Science Communication through Multi-Media Division.

**3.5	Physical Sciences Cluster**

**3.5.1	First reporting of Native Gold Grains from the chromitites of Nuggihalli Schist Belt, South India**

Occurrence of native gold in ultramafic (high magnesium rich) rocks is rare. CSIR-NGRI reported, to the best of knowledge of institute, for the first time, occurrence of native gold from the chromitite samples from the MesoarchaeanTagadur Mines of the Nuggihalli Schist Belt (NSB), Southern India. The findings are based on Electron probe micro-analyser (EPMA) analysis of the thin sections of some rock samples. Distinct spectra of native gold grains, silver, copper, iron and tin as well as Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu alloys has been observed. These TagadurChromitites extend along a strike length ~1-2 km north of Tagadur Mines in a narrow zone of 50-90 m.  The current findings warrant a re-evaluation of the economic potential of chromitite ores by mapping lateral and depth extent of this formation by detailed geophysical and geochemical exploration.

**3.5.2	Scientific drilling near Koyna reveals the thickness of Deccan Traps and nature of underlying basement rocks**

CSIR-NGRI has been carrying out scientific drilling at two sites, Rasati (near Koyna; borehole KBH-1) and Udgiri (south of Warna; borehole KBH-2), broadly marking the northern and southern limits of the seismic zone. Both the boreholes were targeted to go through the Deccan basalt pile and penetrate the underlying basement rocks for the first time in the region. Geological core logging, carried out by scientists from CSIR-NGRI, Atomic Minerals Directorate (AMD) and Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited (MECL) indicate that the flood basalt pile comprises multiple lava flows of varying thicknesses, with each flow consisting typically of a massive lower part and vesicular / amygdaloidal middle-upper part, occasionally flow top breccia and inter-trappean sediments. A number of sheared and/or crushed zones were observed in cores both from the basalt pile as well as the granitic basement. Geophysical logs obtained in the borehole column revealed the distribution of physical properties of the basalt pile as well as the granitic basement rocks.  Drilling in borehole KBH-2 progressed amidst heavy water loss conditions and frequent occurrences of thick clay zones and/or fractured horizons at multiple depths that are prone to caving.

3.5.3	Integrated Geophysical Techniques and Numerical Modelling for mapping mineralization zones

Two dimensional electrical resistivity and Time Domain Induced Polarization datasets were collected by CSIR-NGRI along a 3.8 km line in Betul-Chindwara belt Madhya Pradesh, Central India. These data shows clear indication of sulphide mineralization, iron oxide, iron carbonate, oxidized sulphide (Gossan), volcanic massive sulphide deposits are preserved within the host rock.  Models obtained from inversion clearly reflect  presence of large sulphide (conducting) ore body. The integration of geological and geophysical methods helped in pinpointing the massive and disseminated sulphide mineralization leading to the delineation of base metals which are vital for industrial applications.

3.5.4	Study of estuarine systems

Extensive multidisciplinary measurements made at different time and spatial scales in Mandovi and Zuari estuarine systems in Goa, Gautami-Godavari system in Andhra Pradesh, and Backwaters of Kochi in Kerala by CSIR-NIO. The studies suggest that the monsoon driven estuaries of India do not reach steady state with respect to water and salt balances. The Indian estuarine systems experience very strong short-term and small-spatial scale variations that are driven by strong seasonality driven by monsoon regimes.

3.5.5	Extraction of Nano-diamonds from waste materials

Nano diamonds (NDs) are nontoxic materials and have potential applications in Bioimaging, drug delivery, biomedical sensing and lubrication. NDs were extracted from a novel source by CSIR-CSIO. These fluorescent nanomaterials were synthesized from waste material deposits of Indian villages. The raw material was purified by acid and thermal treatment.  The purified material was characterized by various techniques like Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM, Confocal, PL measurements etc.

3.5.6	Head-up displays for Aircraft variants: Tejas-Navy light combat aircraft

To meet the requirements of Tejas-Navy light combat aircraft, CSIR-CSIO in collaboration with Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) has developed Head-up display (HUD) technology. The HUD for the naval version is a further development of the HUD produced earlier for the Air Force version of the Tejas. The Air Force version has already been integrated into the cockpit and several units have been installed in the Tejas aircraft. HUD for the naval version is technologically more advanced and has different technical specifications than the air force version and its operating parameters, cockpit configuration and the pilot’s field of vision are different. After completion of qualification test as per MIL STDs 704D, 461C and 810D, first two airworthy units are extensively being evaluated. The custom built bore sighting tool for harmonizing the HUD in the LCA-Navy Aircraft along with dedicated simulator-cum-test setup has also been approved by CEMILAC-RCMA for harmonizing, testing and formal evaluation of these HUD systems.

3.5.7	New developments in Carbon Nano Tubes

An invention relating to the development of light weight carbon nanotubes (CNT) reinforced polymer composites in the form of composite for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications has been filed by CSIR-NPL for securing IP. The technique enables up to 50 wt% of CNTs to be uniformly dispersed in the polymer. This makes these CNT-polymer composites more advantageous than metals and other carbon-based polymer composite materials as EMI shielding materials in range 8.2-18 GHz covering X and Ku band of the electromagnetic spectra.

- 3.6. **CSIR 800**

3.6.1	CSIR-CIMAP Vetiver (Khus) bio-village for rural income enhancement

The roots of Vetiver, commonly known as Khus, are the source of high value essential oil used in perfumery, cosmetics and flavour industries. Vetiver is normally cultivated as 18-20 months crop. CSIR-CIMAP has developed a new variety CIM-Vridhi with reduced growth cycle of 10-12 months as compared to 18-20 months. With a root yield of about 18 quintals/ha and oil content of 1.69%, the crop gives an yield of about 30 kg/ha of  essential oil enabling a farmer to earn about Rs. 1,50,000 as net profit per hectare. Reduction in cropping duration has provided flexibility to CIM-Vridhi to be accommodated in various kinds of crop-rotations (rice-vetiver; rice-wheat and vetiver; maize-potato-vetiver) as well as its co- cultivation with food (wheat and lentil) and medicinal aromatic crops (mints and Ocimum) which ultimately led to increased profits/ unit area over a period of time. Thus, it has provided a new dimension to diversification in agriculture (suitable to agro-forestry too) as well income augmentation of the farming community.

The demand of the crop has increased so high that participating farmers also started getting additional benefits by the sale of planting material. A farmer from Barabanki district could sell around 5,00,000 slips of this variety to other farmers interested in cultivation of vetiver (khus). CSIR-CIMAP’s technological interventions through development of short duration (annual-12 months) and high yielding cultivar CIM-Vridhi with quality oil and potential to grow over a vast varying agro-climatic conditions, has attracted large number of farmers and has become popular among the farmers of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Orissa state in last couple of years. Farmers of Vidarbha, Assam, Meghalaya and Nagaland have shown keen interest in cultivation of Khus and have started cultivating Khus for higher incomes.

Efforts are being made to popularize the cultivation technology of vetiver crop variety CIM-Vridhi through bio-village mode, extending to more than 10000 ha area of the country and about 22000 numbers of farmers are engaged in cultivation of this crop in U.P., Bihar, Karnataka etc. It is estimated that about 115000 kg good quality oil is being produced per annum based on the technology and variety developed by CSIR-CIMAP which is valued at about Rs. 150 crore with an employment generation of about 15,00,000 mandays.

3.6.2	Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in Jammu and Kashmir: S&T interventions by CSIR-IIIM

**i.	Srinagar**

CSIR-IIIM has been responsible to introduce cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants such as Rose, Lavender, Clarysage, Rosemary and Geranium in Kashmir region.  Improved varieties of these plants have been developed which find use in pharma, aroma, flavor and fragrance industry. Seven companies have come up in Kashmir region to cultivate aromatic plants as an industry and more than 40 farmers have been roped in as contract farmers of these plant varieties. The value added products isolated from these plant varieties find good market outside India that fetches them premium prices. The cultivation of these varieties has provided self-employment to many rural and underprivileged farmers.

**ii.	Gurez**

Gurez valley remains snow bound for six months. Field demonstration centre have been established in the Gurez area for providing planting material to the farmers for medicinal and aromatic plants generating employment and revenue. Mint, lavender, *Rosa demascena* and *Monardacitriodora* are best suited crops for this area and were successfully introduced.

**iii.	Pahalgam**

Lavender Park has been developed in Pahalgam in collaboration with Pahalgam Development Authority where it has shown profuse growth. The area which is thronged by a very large number of domestic and international tourists, Lavender park has resulted in popularizing Kashmir lavender as a brand in the International Market.

**iv.	Bhaderwah, Jammu**

Medicinal and Aromatic plant garden was developed in village Dardu (Bhaderwah) in collaboration with Bhaderwah Development Authority and local farmers. Field demonstration and Training programmes and kissanmelas were held in collaboration with KVK Bhaderwah. *Lavendulaofficinalisand Rosemarianusofficinalis* crops which are alternative high income crops, are slowly replacing traditional low income crops in the area by rural farmers for their self-employment and additional revenue.

3.6.3 Setting up of RO desalination Plants in Rajasthan

CSIR-CSMCRI has set up many RO plants in Rajasthan for desalination of water and thus enhancing the potability of water. Based on the high order performance of the RO plants in Rajasthan and the quality of back-up support extended, CSIR-CSMCRI received from Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of Rajasthan, a request for setting up 50 RO plants. The distinguishing feature of the RO plants is the high recovery of product water and management of fluoride in reject stream.

Annexure-III

Significant Achievements during 2013-14

1.0	The Performance- A Summary

CSIR recognizing that inclusive innovation in the country would be the way for achieving socio-economic growth and competitive advantage globally has facilitated the national endeavour of achieving faster and inclusive growth by undertaking R&D programmes that focus on innovation. The CSIR has thus been providing the S&T knowledgebase needed for the benefit of the Nation, its industries, including MSMEs and the common people. The efforts are focused at bringing in desired S&T interventions for enhancing the socio-economic development while improving the quality of life, removing drudgery and augmenting income of the people. The projects undertaken by CSIR have been contributing to the generation of valuable knowledgebase and S&T interventions with immense value and potential to create a niche for the country. During the year, CSIR’s performance was very imposing.

1.1	CSIR’s Global Positioning

CSIR today is globally benchmarked organization. According to the Scimago Institutions ranking World Report 2014, CSIR is ranked at 84 th among 4851 institutions world-wide and is the only Indian Organization among the top 100 global institutions. CSIR holds 17 th rank in Asia and leads the country at the first position.

1.2	Scientific Excellence

CSIR has published 5086 research papers during 2013 with an average impact factor per paper as 2.86 in SCI journals of national and international repute contributing to 8.72% of Indian R&D literature.Several research papers were in high impact factor journals like Chemical Reviews’ (IF 45.661), ‘Nature Review Immunology’ (IF 33.836), ‘Science’ (IF 31.477), ‘Chemical Society Reviews’ (IF 30.425) ‘ Nature Genetics (IF 29.648) etc. Following Graphs show the trend of research over the last five years.

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1.3	Value Generation through Intellectual Property

CSIR has filed 349 patents abroad and 263 patents in India during 2013-14,granted 373 patents abroad and 92 patents in India. It is maintaining a portfolio of 2971 patents abroad and 1592 patents in India as on 31.03.2014. The following graphs provide data on patents filed and patents granted over the last five years.

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1.4	Creating and Nurturing S&T Human Resource

CSIR has been systematically creating and nurturing highly qualified S&T manpower in the country. It is presently supporting more than 8000 Research fellows, 159 Senior Research Associates and more than 1000 research schemes to various universities.

1.5	CSIR Scientists in Frontier of Science

CSIR scientists are well recognized and are awarded prestigious fellowships and conferred awards regularly. A glimpse of these recognitions is given below:

| <!-- image -->  Padma Vibhushan 2014  Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, Former DG,CSIR   | <!-- image -->  Padma Bhushan 2014,  Dr. T. Ramasami, Former DG,CSIR   | <!-- image -->  Infosys Foundation Award 2014  Dr.Srivari Chandrasekhar  CSIR-IICT   |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

#### 1.1 Shanti SwarupBhatnagar Prize 2014

| <!-- image -->  Dr. S.Venkata Mohan  CSIR-IICT   | <!-- image -->  Dr.Anurag Agrawal  CSIR-IGIB   | <!-- image -->  Dr.Souvik Maiti  CSIR-IGIB   |
|--------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|

#### 1.2 

#### 1.3 INSA Fellows (w.e.f. 1.1.2014)

| <!-- image -->  Dr. Uday Bandyopadhyay  CSIR-IICB   | <!-- image -->  Dr.Syamal Roy  CSIR-IICB   | <!-- image -->  Dr.Rajesh.S.Gokhale  CSIR-IGIB   |
|-----------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| <!-- image -->  Dr. M.Lakshmi Kantam  CSIR-IICT     | <!-- image -->  Dr.C.S.Nautiyal  CSIR-NBRI | <!-- image -->  Dr.Anuradha Dube  CSIR-CDRI      |

2.0	Some noteworthy accomplishments

2.1	Contributions to Space Programmes

CSIR-NAL has played a crucial role in the acoustic qualification of subsystems for the indigenous cryogenic stage used in GSLV–D5 for the Department of Space. These tests helped in the first successful flight (January 5, 2014) of the GSLV MarkII using the indigenously developed cryogenic engine, the CE-7.5 by ISRO. The LH2 Vent and Relief line along with the vent valve and the Protection plate in the Inter-Tank Truss region were crucial subsystems of the indigenous cryo stage which underwent acoustic qualification at CSIR-NAL. Complete aerodynamic re-characterization of the LVM 3 vehicle with fully simulated wind tunnel model has been carried out at National Trisonic Aerodynamics Facilities (NTAF) of CSIR-NAL. The major challenge was to design, manufacture and test models for force measurements, steady and unsteady pressure measurements in a very short time frame. The acoustic qualification of ISRO’s successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) satellite has been carried out at the new ATF facility at ISITE (ISRO Bengaluru) designed, built and commissioned by CSIR-NAL. Scientists of CSIR-NAL were closely associated with these acoustic qualification tests. CSIR is proud to be associated with the successes of ISRO’s GSLV-D5 and Mars Orbiter Mission programmes.

**2.2	Contributions to Strategic area**

CSIR-CEERI has developed five different versions of Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) micro-hotplates. These micro-hotplates have achieved a temperature of 300oC with power consumption less than 1 watt and size 3.5x3.5 mm2. These micro-hotplates have high temperature stability, are reliable and ruggedized for harsh adverse environment. These are being used by Solid State Physics Laboratory (DRDO), Delhi, CSIR-CGCRI, and CSIR-CSIO for various sensor applications. Armament Research Board of Ministry of Defence, Government of India has issued an appreciation letter to CSIR-CEERI recognizing the contributions.

**2.3	Simultaneous Production of US Grade Gasoline and Pure Benzene from FCC C6 Heart Cut**

CSIR-IIP carried out substantial experimental and simulation studies with feedstock provided by M/s Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and demonstrated that US grade gasoline and pure benzene can be simultaneously produced from a FCC C6 heart cut stream using extractive distillation (ED) route with aqueous NMP as the solvent. The gasoline thus produced has sulphur content <10ppm and benzene <0.3%. The technology has been transferred to RIL which is setting up 600,000 MTPA unit costing Rs.160.00 crore. The annual gasoline production from this unit would equal to a prospective export monetary value of around 682 Million USD per annum with an additional profit of around 102 Million USD per annum from the sales of the recovered high purity benzene (Current market Value of Gasoline and Benzene ~ 1400 US $/ MT).

**2.4	Supercontinuum Light Source Launched**

India's first Supercontinuum light source designed and developed under CSIR’s New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiatives Scheme jointly executed by CSIR-CGCRI and M/s Vinvish Technologies, Thiruvananthapuram. The product was launched by Shri S Jaipal Reddy, the then Hon'ble Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences on 26th September 2013 at New Delhi. CSIR-CGCRI has contributed the Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) medium to the development of commercial grade SC source. During Supercontinuum light generation, an intense laser pulse is passed through PCF medium that generates white light of stabilized high output power. The said Supercontinuum light source covers a broad wavelength range of 400 to 2450 nm and emits white light spectrum of 1.5W average power.

**2.5	nonClonableID technology, an effective anti-counterfeit platform for medical product authentication**

One of key challenges facing India in the pharmaceutical space, both in domestic and export sectors, is that of counterfeit drugs with dire implications to not only the pharmaceutical companies but also government authorities and the general public. Towards addressing the problem of counterfeit medicines through a holistic approach, the CSIR and Bilcare Ltd., partnered to demonstrate the ability of a novel nonClonableID (nCiD) technology to address the unmet needs in medical product authentication and patient compliance. The nCiD tags on medical product packaging function as unique identification tags, to establish product accountability. Through the CSIR-NMITLI endeavor, the nCiD technology has been demonstrated as a versatile technology for addressing the problems of counterfeit medicines through a secured track & trace system that provide product accountability, from the point of origin to the point of dispensation, along with its e-pedigree records.

**2.6	Contributions to affordable healthcare**

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from either insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction.  Type II diabetes is the more common form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Therefore, considering the prevalence and emergence of herbal drugs based on traditional knowledge, CSIR-NBRI and CSIR- CIMAP jointly developed a novel, safe poly-herbal formulation NBRMAP-DB as a safe hypoglycaemic agent for management of diabetes conditions.

An assay system has been developed by CSIR-IMTECH for the detection of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin fractions in the diagnosis of diabetic patients. The innovation is based on affinity separation of the non-glycated and glycated fractions in the sample. The innovation could be extended to measurement of percentage of glycation of other glycated proteins in a sample.

CSIR-IMTECH has discovered two novel mutant uricases having better enzymatic efficiency (2 to 3 times fold higher) compared to that of the wild type uricase enzyme. This enzyme can be used in clinical diagnosis kits to measure the serum uric acid levels and for their use as a potential drug.

**2.7	New Agri-technologies**

Early Mint Technology- A novel agro-system for minimizing cost of production of Menthol mint oil CSIR-CIMAP has introduced an ‘Early mint technology’ which involves improved method the production of planting material (suckers/roots), withdrawing irrigation for about 10-15 days before harvest and using improved method of distillation. The technology advances the production by about 20-30 days and minimizes expenditure on land, labour, water and fuel by about 20-25% with 15-20% increase in productivity. This technology has been adopted very well by the farmers.

CSIR-CIMAP has developed a new variety ‘CIM-Jyoti’ of Ocimum through intensive breeding efforts for high yield of herb and essential oil with desirable quality of higher citral (68-75%). This variety will produce citral in a short duration of 70-80 days. It also fits in crop rotation/intercropping between wheat and paddy and with other vegetable crops of small farmers. Leaves of this variety can also be used in lemon tea.

**2.8	Metals, Minerals and Mining – Novel technologies**

Process flow sheet for beneficiation of low grade Iron ore sample from Shire-Mentebteb, Ethopia: About 500 million tonnes of iron ore resources are located in Shire-Mentebteb region of Ethiopia. The deposit is a lean grade goethitic ore and it is to be concentrated to a level suitable for utilization through blending with high grade concentrate for iron and steel making. CSIR-NML has developed a process flow sheet for beneficiation of the low grade iron ore as saying 33.17% Fe to produce concentrate with 51% Fe.

Processes for recovery of Cobalt from discarded Li-ion- batteries of mobile phone: In recent years generation of electronic waste (E-Waste) or waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) has posed a new environmental challenge. Mobile phone batteries constitute a major fraction of e-waste, which contain rare and strategic metals such as cobalt, lithium, nickel etc. that can be recovered in an eco-friendly manner following the zero waste concept. CSIR-NML has developed a cost effective process which to helps in reduction of e-waste and its inefficient recycling and dissolution of metals. The process has been transferred to M/s Adv. Metal Combine Ltd.

**2.9	Technology Transfers from CSIR-AMPRI**

CSIR-AMPRI has transferred technologies for ‘Hammer Tips for Sugar Mills’ and ‘Cement-free green cement to M/s Asugar Engineering Services, Kawadi and M/s Jindal Steel & Power Limited, Raigarh respectively.

Hammer tips, mostly imported, are the most essential components of a fibrizer unit of a sugar mill used for fibrizing the sugar cane. There is a requirement of around 1.50 Lakh of hammer tips by all the sugar mills in the country every year. CSIR-AMPRI has fabricated using the developed materials and joined by brazing technology with mild steel substrate. Field trial analysis indicated that the developed hammer tips perform 1.2 times better than the conventional imported ones. The developed components would be cheaper by around 50% as compared to the conventional (imported ones) ones with improved performance thereby leading to a substantial monetary savings to the sugar mills in the country.

A novel process has been developed for making advanced geopolymeric functional materials possessing very broad application spectrum ranging from cementitious materials to advanced functional materials. The process has led to the development of “Hybrid inorganic - organic frame work” which has contributed to the formation of homogeneous geopolymeric matrix with improved characteristics.

The above technology/knowhow transfer will lead to improvement of the economy as these knowhow are environment and user friendly besides giving a boost in the economy for the industry partners.

**2.10	Contributions to the Uttarakhand Flood Relief**

CSIR-IIP, being closest to the Uttarakhand hills, was made the Nodal Laboratory to coordinate with the state-level Disaster Management team on behalf of CSIR Headquarters and its laboratories. CSIR-CFTRI provided mathi (60 cartons), roti (15 Cartons), tomato sauce (1 carton), murmure (300 bags), energy powder (200 bags), high-protein rusks (63 cartons), BissiBeleBhaath (South Indian Khichadi – 189 cartons), imlipoha (56 cartons), ORS (153 cartons) and bread (4 cartons). CSIR-NCL, came forward with Water Filtration Unit (20 boxes) and hand pumps (20 boxes); CSIR-IMMT provided water filters (500 units); CSIR-CLRI had footwear (2000 pairs) to offer and CSIR-NEERI donated NEERI-ZAR, a Water Filter Unit (100 units), while CSIR-CSMCRI came forward with two large capacity RO units at Rishikesh and Srinagar (Garhwal) to ensure supply of pure drinking water, with a capacity of approximately 30000 lt/day. CSIR-IIP had offered: raincoats (1000 nos.), tarpaulins (100 nos.), stainless steel utensil sets (200 nos.), plastic tags (200 nos.), candles (44 pkts of 968 pieces each) and match-boxes (63 pkts of 900 pieces each).

3.0	Cluster-wise Specific Significant Achievements

**3.1	Biological Sciences Cluster**

3.1.1	CSIR-developed Clot Specific Streptokinase Enters into 	Phase-II Human Clinical Trials

The Clot Specific Streptokinase (CSSK), a novel patented thrombolytic biopharmaceutical therapeutic protein drug licensed from CSIR-IMTECH, has received permission from the Drugs Controller General of India (DGCI) in February 2013 for Phase-II human clinical trial to test the efficacy of CSSK in the patients of heart attack, a condition known as Acute Myocardial Infarction. M/s Symmetrix Biotech Pvt. Ltd. has been carrying out the clinical development of CSSK, also known as SMRX-11.

3.1.2	Naturally occurring plant based anti-cancer compound-Activity-Target database

Plant derived molecules have been highly valued by biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies for developing drugs, as they are thought to be optimized during evolution. CSIR-IMTECH has collected and compiled a central resource Naturally Occurring Plant-based Anti-cancer Compound-Activity-Target database (NPACT, http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/npact/) relates to experimentally validated plant-derived natural compounds exhibiting anti-cancerous activity ( *in vitro and in vivo* ), to complement the other databases. It currently contains 1574 compound entries, and each record provides information on their structure, manually curated published data on *in vitro* and *in vivo* experiments along with reference for users referral, inhibitory values (IC(50)/ED(50)/EC(50)/GI(50)), properties (physical, elemental and topological), cancer types, cell lines, protein targets, commercial suppliers and drug likeness of compounds. NPACT can easily be browsed or queried using various options, and an online similarity tool has also been made available. To facilitate retrieval of existing data, each record is hyperlinked to similar databases like Super Natural, Herbal Ingredients' Targets, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, PubChem and NCI-60 GI(50) data.

3.1.3	New processes for food products for commercial exploitation

CSIR-CFTRI has developed new processes for seven food products for commercial exploitation which include: Annatto seed separator; Fruit jam slices; Shelf-stable convenience mix: A cooking base; Shelf-stable varieties of curry pastes for vegetarian and non-vegetarian traditional cuisines; A device for continuous forming and frying of boondi; Production of turmeric powder from fresh turmeric rhizome; and Low fat expanded green snack using moringa leaves.

3.1.4	Breath analyzer for diabetes and sensor for asthma

Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and to date there is no non-invasive, cost-effective, user friendly, portable device available for detection of diabetes. CSIR-CGCRI has developed prototype of a breath analyser for detection and monitoring of diabetes based on γ-Fe 2 O 3 sensor material with different dopants and tested its sensitivity/selectivity at laboratory level. In case of humidity, sensor for asthma showed a response time of 2-4 sec for 6% moisture sensing which is aimed to reduce to 1-2 sec.

3.1.5	MicroPCR

A battery operated hand held MicroPCR for diagnosis of various diseases was launched by the Hon’ble Minister for Science & Technology in august presence of the Hon’ble President of India on Technology Day 2013. The diseases which can be diagnosed are: Tuberculosis, Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Hepatitis B and H1N1. This is a global product which has been patented in over 100 countries. The device is currently expected to cost a tenth of a conventional real-time PCR and a fifth of existing NAAT tests in the market and these can further come down with scale and early adoption by governmental programs. The product is available in Indian and global market.

**3.2	Chemical Sciences Cluster**

3.2.1	CSIR Research work on Cover page of Journals

During the year many research findings of CSIR laboratories were chosen by International Journals to appear on its cover page. Following table gives details of such excellent scientific endeavours.

| <!-- image -->  Total synthesis and structure Confirmation of Cryptocaryol’  CSIR-IICT                                                                                 | <!-- image -->  ‘  ‘The first total synthesis of nhatrangin’’  CSIR-IICT                                                                                                             |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <!-- image -->  ‘Supramolecular Chemistry of Protoporphyrin IX and Its Derivatives;  CSIR-IICT                                                                         | <!-- image -->  ‘A phosphonic acid appended naphthalene Diimide motif for self-assembly into tunable nanostructures through molecular recognition with arginine in water’  CSIR-IICT |
| <!-- image -->  Back Cover: ‘A Pyridyl-Monoannulated Naphthalene Diimide Motif Self-Assembles into Tuneable Nanostructures by Means of Solvophobic Control’  CSIR-IICT | <!-- image -->  ‘Imidazopyridine-oxindole conjugate with  β chain aminoacids of tubulin ChemMedChem: A Journal of ChemPubSoc, Europe’  CSIR-IICT                                     |
| <!-- image -->  ‘An Efficient Synthesis of Dibenzo [b,f] oxepins by Ring Closing’  CSIR-IICT                                                                           | <!-- image -->  ‘Ultrasound stimulated nucleation and growth of adye assembly into extended gel nano-structures’  CSIR-NIIST                                                         |
| <!-- image -->  ‘A supramolecular model made of a multiphyrinic array constructed around a C60 core and C60-imidazole derivative Chemistry’  CSIR-NIIST                |                                                                                                                                                                                      |

3.2.2	Addressing the burning issue of saline waste streams

Saline waste streams of industries create environment hazards. The recovery of value added chemicals from these streams not only mitigates the environment pollution but also helps in creation of wealth. CSIR-CSMCRI has developed process know-how for recovery of value added chemicals. The recovery of salts was >99% with a purity of higher than 99.5%. The final left out liquor after separation of value added salts was subjected to evaporation for recovery of high purity NaNO 3 . The know-how of the process has been transferred.

3.2.3	Commercial farming and Method of cultivation of economically important seaweed *Gracilaria dura*

*Gracilaria dura* occurring in Indian waters has been reported to be potential sources of agarose (US Patent 2005/0267296A1). The scanty biomass and restricted occurrence at the bottom of deep tide pools along few locations of the north western coast of India limited its exploitation for industrial utilization. An innovative, cost effective and green method has been developed by CSIR-CSMCRI to obtain high quality agarose from dry algal biomass. The holistic cultivation approach has been developed at MARS, Mandapam. The process has been transferred to M/s. Aquagri Processing Ltd., New Delhi.

3.2.4	Commercialization of Thin Film Composite (TFC) Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane manufacturing technology

CSIR-CSMCRI has developed and transferred technology for thin film composite RO membrane manufacturing. TFC RO membrane manufacturing is a multistage process. In the first stage polyester non-woven fabric supported polysulphone based microfiltration membrane (120-130 micron thickness) is manufactured according to phase inversion process at a rate of 500-600 sq. m/h. In the second stage, an ultrathin polyamide layer (0.15-0.20 micron thickness) is prepared on top of the microfiltration membrane according to in situ interfacial polymerization process between a diamine and a multifunctional carboxylic acid chloride at a rate of 25-50 sq.m/h. The nascent TFC membrane is subjected to various chemical treatment processes. Subsequently, spiral modules of different sizes are made from the membrane.  The technology has been transferred to M/s Uniqflux Membranes LLP, Pune.

3.2.5	Absorption of SO 2 by Regenerative Solvents

CSIR-IIP, in collaboration with the Engineers India Limited (EIL), New Delhi, has developed a process for removal of SO 2 from flue gas streams. The process is based on conventional absorption/regeneration which involves counter-current absorption into a novel solvent developed by CSIR-IIP, followed by regeneration of the SO 2 -rich solvent at higher temperatures in the regenerator to collect the pure stream of SO 2 . In order to meet the stringent environmental regulations it became essential for Numaligarh Refineries Limited (NRL) to increase the recovery efficiency of the existing SRU from 96% to 99.9%. The EIL and the CSIR-IIP proposed SO 2 recycle process (SOR) to increase the sulphur recovery efficiency of the existing SRU. Since this process has been developed on bench-scale and needs commercial demonstration for successful implementation, the EIL and the CSIR-IIP demonstrated the process at their site. The NRL, the CSIR-IIP and the EIL signed an MOU to work jointly and technology thus evolved will be known as an IIP-EIL-NRL joint technology for future commercialization in other industries.

3.2.6	Bio-fuels

In the area of hydroprocessing, CSIR-IIP has developed a process and catalyst for conversion of *Jatropha* oildirectly to aviation fuel (drop-in). Drop-in fuels are those fuels which do not require any changes and hence can be used as such or as a blend with refinery-based fuels. The process is a novel single-step catalytic process for conversion of plant-derived non-edible, waste, low-cost oils to produce drop-in biofuels for air-transport purposes. Plant-derived oils (soya, *Jatropha, Karanj* , algal) are deoxygenated, selectively cracked and isomerized over a single catalyst to produce aviation fuel with 35-55% yield and with properties and compositions exactly the same as those required for aviation fuels. Approximately 3000 litres of *Jatropha* oil were processed and 600 litres of bio-jet were produced. The plant is running in continuous mode for life analysis.

Further, CSIR-IIP has come out with Technology Information Package (TIP) for revamping the naphtha hydrotreater at the BPCL-Kochi Refinery into a bio-jet fuel production facility. This testifies to CSIR-IIP proprietary and patent-protected process, catalyst and technology as having commercial viability for production of renewable aviation fuel which will eventually lead to a niche market of energy. The TIP has been submitted to the BPCL for economic evaluation.

3.2.7	Glycerol-based Carbon Acid and Base Catalysts

CSIR-IICT has developed heterogeneous acid and base carbon catalysts from crude glycerol (by-product of biodiesel process) and also from glycerol pitch (waste product from fat splitting industry). Both the catalysts were successfully employed for the production of biodiesel by replacing traditionally used homogeneous sulfuric acid and alkali catalysts, thus making the biodiesel process green with more profitability. In addition, the glycerol-based carbon acid catalyst has been successfully employed as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in a wide variety of synthetic methodologies, showing its versatility as a green catalyst and also a potential replacement to sulphuric acid. These catalyst based reactions may lead to cleaner industrial processes in several areas like oleochemicals, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, lubricants, agrochemicals etc., by reducing liquid effluents.  This innovation has been bestowed with International award of American Oil Chemists’ Society’s (AOCS) - ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation Award-2013 and IGCW-Green Innovation Award –2013.

3.2.8	High rate biomethanation technology for the generation of Biogas and bio-manure from poultry litter

CSIR-IICT has developed a novel high rate biomethanation technology called the “ANAEROBIC GAS LIFT REACTOR (AGR)” for the generation of biogas and bio-manure from poultry litter. This technology provides a remunerative option for farmer in terms of bio-energy and bio-manure. Installation the technology would ensure sustainable financial dividends to farm owners by offsetting their power requirements, besides addressing issues related to hygiene and waste treatment in poultry farms. This technology is superior to other such technologies in terms of biogas generation and bio-manure production, as it incorporates novel pre and post processing technologies required for the biomethanation of poultry litter and it was licensed to M/s Ahuja Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd., Secunderabad for commercialization.

**3.3	Engineering Sciences Cluster**

3.3.1	Contributions to LCA (Tejas) Programme

CSIR-NAL led National Control Law Team (CLAW) played a crucial role in Tejas flight envelope expansion and up-gradation of control laws for obtaining the aircraft Initial Operation Clearance. On 20th December 2013, Tejas received the second of three levels of operational clearance (IOC-2). Also, the Air Data System (ADS) calibration was carried out using the flight data from high AOA PID test experiments. This process has led to the successful clearance of Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) version of the Air Data System. Using IOC standard Air Data System as the baseline, ADS for the Naval and two seater Air Force (Trainer) variants have been developed. After successful ground testing, Naval ADS version is integrated onto the aircraft. As a part of LCA series production, new production standard tools were designed and fabricated in association with the production partner M/s TATA Advanced Materials Ltd. Two sets of components were fabricated and First Article Inspection (FAI) was successfully carried out on composite products. The first set of components was also cleared by the Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance) for aircraft assembly.

3.3.2	Deployment of electronic nose for monitoring of obnoxious odour constituents generated from pulp and paper industries

An electronic nose (e-nose) system jointly developed by CSIR-NEERI and C-DAC, has been deployed at sites of two industries - M/s Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Karur, Tamil Nadu and M/s Mysore Paper Mills, Bhadravati, Karnataka. The e-nose system consists of three units: sampling unit, sensor unit and purging unit. CSIR-NEERI imparted training to the industry personnel for operating the e-nose system and sample collection from various source points. The data generated from these industries is regularly monitored by CSIR-NEERI and C-DAC teams. The samples were collected from the digester, work environment and evaporator points from both the industries. Application of this e-nose system in tanneries and distilleries is being further explored for monitoring of obnoxious odors.

3.3.3	Lab Scale Aerospace Grade Autoclave

An affordable lab scale aerospace grade autoclave has been conceived and designed by CSIR-NAL with the state-of-the-art features to meet the growing need of the academia and R&D institutions. The first order was received from IIT Kanpur.  It was indeed a proud moment as the first aerospace grade lab scale autoclave was formally handed over to IIT-Kanpur on 25 th March 2014. The compact lab scale autoclave (0.9m diameter and 1.0m length work space) provides all the features of a large industry standard autoclave.The lab scale autoclave was delivered by the CSIR-NAL led PPP consortium consisting of M/s Unique Chemo Plant Equipments, Mumbai and M/s Datasol India Private Ltd.

3.3.4	CSIR-CGCRI Glass Lining Technology goes into Production

CSIR-CGCRI has developed a suitable composition for a special type of impervious glass lining coating material and a process of application of the same on metallic substrates. Following an Agreement for Licensing of Know-how signed by CSIR-CGCRI with M/s Standard Glass Lined Equipments Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad, the company initially assimilated the technology on a small scale but subsequently established a full scale industrial manufacturing unit of 30,000 liters capacity.

3.3.5	Production of green steel by hydrogen plasma smelting process

CSIR-IMMT has developed a novel environmental friendly technology to produce steel without any polluting effluent gas. Unlike the conventional iron extraction process which requires multiple stages of processing in coke oven plant, sintering plant and blast furnace, the hydrogen plasma smelting would involve only one step process. The reduction reactions involving hydrogen and iron oxide will also eliminate the emission of CO/CO 2 , thereby greatly minimizing the air pollution. It has been possible to produce pure iron containing more than 99.54 % Fe by hydrogen plasma smelting process in one kg scale.

3.3.6	Virtual Casting Technology and development of new modules

CSIR-NIIST had developed and transferred technology for virtual casting Technology to 3D Foundry Tech Pvt. Ltd., Later on Virtual Casting solver code was completely redesigned for efficient memory management and a better shrinkage prediction algorithm and was integrated into the upgraded version Auto CAST X1 as FLOW+module. The commercial release of AutoCast X1 was made during IFEX-2013. During the year 3DFT has transferred around 12 licenses.  In addition, 3DFT now has a reseller, Taiwan Control Valves inTaiwan. AutoCast X1 is now available in Chinese and also has a website in Chinese [www.autocast.tw](http://www.autocast.tw/) . A new gas and venting module which can predict the occurrence of blowholes during filling of the casting has been developed and transferred to 3DFT in January 2014.  This module was showcased during IFEX 2014.

**3.4	Physical Sciences Cluster**

3.4.1	New chapter in Groundwater Hydrology from Heliborne Geophysical Investigations

CSIR-NGRI has carried out 13,800 line km of helicopter borne Time domain Electromagnetic (HeliTEM) and Magnetic (HeliMAG) surveys- the globally acclaimed state-of-the-art geophysical technique on an experimental basis in six hydrogeologically representative pilot areas in the states of Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Kanataka and Tamil Nadu to delineate the principal aquifers at 1:50,000 scale. These studies helped to identify the principal aquifers in diverse hydro geological provinces of India, viz., in Gangetic alluvium, Tertiary-sediments underlying the Thar Desert, Deccan basalts and the Gondwana sediments, weathered and fractured granite gneisses and schists and the Coastal alluvium and Tertiary sediments. The study also helped in identifying the subsurface structures controlling the groundwater conditions, the regional continuity of principal aquifers, the variations in lithological character of aquifers and the quality of water in terms of salinity.

3.4.2	CSIR-NGRI Research Attracts Global Media

New research by CSIR-NGRI suggests that a vast area in southeast India measuring more than 200,000 sq km is conducive for diamond stability and needs to be explored for kimbelite and lamproite rocks. The method proposed hinges on a suitable and cost-effective reconnaissance technique for diamond prospecting that uses passive seismological data generated at carefully chosen seismic stations and can be deployed as a quick-search tool over large areas. This research was published in the August 2013 issue of ‘Lithosphere’, a peer-reviewed journal of the Geological Society of America. This paper also featured in the "Most-Read Articles" during August 2013 and attracted global media coverage.

3.4.3	Chronic kidney disease in two coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India: role of drinking water

A number of people from some coastal regions of Srikakulam district and Chimakurthy mandal (30 to 40 km away from the coast) in the Prakasham district of Andhra Pradesh, India are suffering from Chronic kidney disease (CKD).  Some medical experts and the local population have apprehensions that the drinking water is the sole reason for this disease in these areas. As the source of drinking water for these two regions is only groundwater, CSIR-NGRI has measured major ions and trace elements on waters from different sources to identify the causative elements(s), if any. Comparison of hydrochemical data of both the areas indicates that groundwater in Srikakulam coastal region is less mineralized than that of the Prakasham region, which may be due to geological, hydrological and climatic reasons. The concentrations of various inorganic chemicals such as Cl, F and NO 3 are within the permissible limits and are thus not expected to lead to any deleterious effects on human health, including any effect on the kidneys. Though the concentration of most of the chemical constituents is relatively higher in Chimakurthy area, the renal problems are much more severe in the Uddanam area (Srikakulam dist). Thus, it is doubtful whether drinking water quality has any bearing on CKD and it is unlikely that the inorganic chemicals cause ill health, including CKD, in the study areas. However, as there is a continuing suspicion that the kidney damage in people living in the study areas is due to chemicals in drinking water, it is necessary to investigate for other organic and inorganic chemicals known to be associated with kidney damage.

3.4.4	Anode Material for lithium ion batteries

With increasing global energy demands and ill effects of using hydrocarbon fuels, electrochemical cells/ batteries acts as a convenient form of energy storage that provide portability for chemical energy storage and its conversion to electrical energy by electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions which occur at the electrodes. Li-ion batteries (LIB) are preferred over other systems because of long cycle life, broad temperature range of operation, low self-discharge rate high performance in terms of capacity and energy density. Anode is the most critical in the proper functioning of the cells & acts as a host for the Li ions. CSIR-NPL has synthesized MWCNT based paper (20 cm X 20 cm) and used successfully as anode material for Li-ion Batteries. Using these anode materials, cells have been prepared and lighting of solar lantern and LED in solar hut has been demonstrated.

3.4.5	Enhanced Green Florescent Protein Arsenometer

CSIR-CEERI, jointly with Birla Institute of Technology and Science, has developed a portable, easy-to-use, cheap, and non-toxic field test system to monitor the levels of arsenic in drinking water wells. This battery-operated and low cost per test novel bio-electronic system based on fluorometric method display numerically the concentration of arsenic in water. Such numerical display of arsenic concentration has been done for the first time. In this method, Enhanced Green Florescent Protein (EGFP), known as bio-sensor, emits green florescence of 520 nm wavelength when excited by blue light of 480nm wavelength. The intensity of the green light increases with the increase in the content of arsenic present in water. The system comprises of light-tight fluorescence collecting device made of black nylon material, LED source, optical filter, light-to-voltage converter, arsenic collection cuvette, electronic circuitry on a small PCB, 9 volt battery and LCD. The dimension of the device is 514 cm 3 (height= 5.5 cm, width=8.5 cm and length is 11 cm).

**4.0	CSIR 800**

4.1	Training on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants

To introduce medicinal and aromatic crops in new areas three training- cum-awareness programmes were organized by CSIR-CIMAP. 150 persons were trained on the cultivation and processing aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants. About 50 demonstrations of menthol mint were organized on tribal farmers’ fields in different parts of India. The CSIR knowhow for cultivation of menthol mint, artemisia, lemongrass, vetiver, kalmegh, satavar, etc.,have been adopted by farmers of the villages through focused dissemination efforts of the laboratory. Technology of mentha oil distillation was adopted by many farmers.

Introduction of mentha, lemongrass, palmarosa, kalmegh and basil in farmers’ fields belonging to SC & Sahariya tribal communities in  different villages in Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur  and Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh. 280 farmers have been trained for commercial cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops under rain-fed conditions of Bundelkhand. Farmers have started commercial cultivation of lemongrass, palmarosa and basil. Tribal communities of Sahariya of district Lalitpurin, U.P. have also started cultivation of palmarosa.

4.2	Development and Deployment of Improved Samba Mahsuri

Bacterial blight (BB) is a serious disease of rice that is caused by the bacterial pathogen, *Xanthomonas oryzae* pv. oryzae (Xoo). Effective chemicals are not available for controlling yield losses due to BB. During the last few years, several rice varieties and some hybrids have been developed that carry multiple genes for resistance against bacterial blight. One of these bacterial blight resistant rice varieties that has been jointly developed by the CSIR-CCMB and the Directorate of Rice Research (DRR) using the Marker Assisted Selection methodology is Improved Samba Mahsuri. This is one of the first rice varieties developed through the use of biotechnology and released for commercial cultivation in India. It is not a transgenic plant. This variety has become a boon for rice farmers in bacterial blight endemic areas of the country. In particular, during the last few years in the Nandhyal area of Kurnool district, the variety was found to be resistant during epidemics of bacterial blight and very much appreciated by farmers in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. To reach all the farmers in need, CSIR-CCMB and DRR have started a program to provide 10 kg seeds of Improved Samba Mahsuri, free of cost, to each of many rice farming households.

4.3	Free food-related technologies from CSIR-CFTRI

A few of the selected technologies developed at CSIR-CFTRI were offered free in terms of technology dossiers that can be downloaded from the Institute website for the manufacture of such products to generate employment, entrepreneurship and effective utilization of raw material. The technologies include: Amla Candy, Composite Ragi Bread, Curing and Polishing –Turmeric, Dosa Batter in Retail Packs, Idli Batter in Retail Packs, Fruit Spread, Ginger Dehydration, Green Chilli Sauce and Protein Enriched Buns. More than 1000 downloads of technical dossier have been recorded so far.Under CSIR-800 initiatives, large number of awareness programs for the benefit of farmers was held at different locations of Karnataka. These include interactive programs arranged at Haradanahalli, Kollegal, Chamarajanagar, Gundulpet, Udupi, Mala, Jadkal, Kolar and Shimoga. Demonstrations were also held at CSIR-CFTRI on technologies such as virgin coconut oil, energy food, turmeric processing and processing of fruits and vegetables. An MoU was signed for the transfer of turmeric processing and maize processing with various farmers clusters. The first high end super resolution gated confocal microscope of the country was procured by CSIR-CFTRI this year. Genome wide screening of yeast deletion mutants for lipid droplets using Confocal Microscopy was undertaken. More than 100 deletion strains of the budding yeast, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* were grown under rich and minimal media until stationary phase, to study the pattern of lipid droplet formation within the cells.  Variations were observed between strains and also between media types, pertaining to number and size of lipid droplets. Further, in-house training programmes for research students on operation and sample analysis with various instruments were organized.

4.4	Dissemination of high purity solar salt technologies and establishment of model salt farms across the country

In continuation to CSIR-CSMCRI’s effort in disseminating high purity solar salt technologies to grass root level across the country, marginal salt producers in the Santhalpur and Adesar region of Gujarat have been trained for good quality salt production and recovery of marine chemicals. Novel methodologies of high purity salt production developed at CSIR-CSMCRI also percolated to masses. Model Salt Farm at Marakkanam of Vellupuram District in Tamil Nadu has been established. Scientists during monitoring visits conducted training programs for the small scale salt producers to produce good quality salt with improved yield and demonstrated salt manufacturers of Marakkanam Society the knowhow for good quality salt manufacture in the model salt farm.

**Annexure-IV**

**Significant Achievements during 2014-15**

1.0	The Performance- A Summary

CSIR recognizing that inclusive innovation in the country would be the way for achieving socio-economic growth and competitive advantage globally has facilitated the national endeavour of achieving faster and inclusive growth by undertaking R&D programmes that focus on innovation. The CSIR has thus been providing the S&T knowledgebase needed for the benefit of the Nation, its industries, including MSMEs and the common people. The efforts are focused at bringing in desired S&T interventions for enhancing the socio-economic development while improving the quality of life, removing drudgery and augmenting income of the people. The projects undertaken by CSIR have been contributing to the generation of valuable knowledgebase and S&T interventions with immense value and potential to create a niche for the country. During the year, CSIR’s performance was very striking.

1.1	CSIR’s Global Positioning

CSIR today is globally benchmarked organization. According to the SCImago Institutions ranking World Report 2014, CSIR is ranked at 84 th among 4851 institutions world-wide and is the only Indian Organization among the top 100 global institutions. CSIR holds 17 th rank in Asia and leads the country at the first position.

1.2	Scientific Excellence

CSIR has published 5745 research papers during 2014 in SCI journals of national and international repute. Following Graphs show the trend of research over the last five years.

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1.3	Value Generation through Intellectual Property

CSIR has filed 392 patents abroad and 308 patents in India during 2014-15, granted 282 patents abroad and 64 patents in India.Following graphs provide data on patents filed and patents granted over the last five years.

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1.4	Creating and Nurturing S&T Human Resource

CSIR has been systematically creating and nurturing highly qualified S&T manpower in the country. It is presently supporting around 8500 Research fellows, awarded 2252 Junior Research Fellowships and 36 Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship. CSIR is supporting more than 1000 research schemes to various universities.

2.0	Some noteworthy accomplishments

**2.1	First indigenously built Research Vessel ‘Sindhu Sadhana’ dedicated to Nation**

Dr.Jitendra Singh, the then Vice President, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Honorable Minister of State for Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Earth Sciences (Independent charge), PMO, Personnel Grievances and Pensions, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space dedicated first indigenously built multi-disciplinary research vessel to the Nation on 12 th July, 2014.

The ship is 80 meters long and 17.6 m wide and can accommodate 57 personnel including 29 Scientists and 28 crew members. She is designed for a cruising speed of 13.5 knots and an endurance of 45 days. The research vessel has 10 laboratories which are fitted with state-of-the-art equipment facilitating high precision data and sample acquisition. The ship is equipped with a number of laboratories for on-line data collection and data processing from single beam and multi beam echo sounders, water column and sub-bottom profiler, gravimeter, magnetometer, acoustic doppler current profiler, conductivity-temperature-depth profiler, autonomous weather station, air quality monitors as well as sampling gears such as A-frame, Gamma frame, and deep sea winches with supporting cranes. The vessel is also equipped with dynamic positioning system that allows holding the vessel at a point for sampling including 24 meter long sediment cores. It also facilitates precise deployment of instrumented moorings, towing of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs).

**2.2	Contributions BrahMos Programme**

CSIR-NAL has made notable contributions especially to the strategic sector which has brought both honour and pride. A drop test of stores from a SU-30MKI aircraft model in NAL’s 1.5m low speed (M<0.3) wind tunnel using Froude scaling principles has been carried out. The study provided the ideal conditions for the stores release at actual flight Mach numbers including the deflection setting angles for the fore and aft fins. The software developed allowed tracking of the time-resolved displacement, velocity, acceleration and Eulerangles. Wind tunnel tests were also carried out on a scaled isolated store model in the 0.6 m trisonic wind tunnel to obtain the aerodynamic loads. The same store model was attached to a scaled SU-30MKI aircraft model and aerodynamic loads on the complete configuration were determined in the 1.2m wind tunnel. Tests were carried out in the Mach number range 0.55 to 1.2 at various angles of attack and sideslip to ascertain installation effects, store load in carriage position and in aircraft interference flow-field. For this breakthrough technology development and associated outstanding contributions, CSIR-NAL has been conferred with “Best Laboratory Award 2014” by BrahMos. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, former President of India, presented the ‘Best Laboratory Award 2014’ to CSIR-NAL during the celebration of BrahMos Day in New Delhi on 12 th June 2014.

**2.3	Catalyst Export**

CSIR-IIP developed and transferred technology for state-of-the-art catalyst which is used fo reduce sulphur in LPG to M/s Lona Industries. The company has received an export order of 600 kg from Sohar Refinery, Oman.

**2.4	Confocal microscope**

CSIR under the New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (CSIR-NMITLI) Programme has indigenously designed and developed the complex Broadband Confocal Microscope in partnership with M/s Vinvish Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Thiruvananthapuram and one of the CSIR constituent laboratories namely CSIR-CGCRI, Kolkata. The confocal microscope uses a Supercontinuum light generating source based on a patented photonic crystal fiber (PCF) technology developed by CSIR-CGCRI. The confocal microscope based on developed supercontinuum light source was launched by Hon’ble Minister Science and Technology on 7th October 2014.

**2.5	Strategic partnership established**

CSIR has reached an understanding with Border Road Organization to jointly work for providing niche knowledge and technology base for building and sustainably maintaining the border roads. A technology conclave was organized on June 16, 2014 at CSIR-CRRI, New Delhi to brainstorm the issues involved and develop an action plan.

**2.6	Unique public private partnership**

Unique public private partnership established for exploration of natural resources for oil and gas – collaboration of CSIR and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., (ONGC) to collect geophysical data from ONGC oil fields in the Krishna Godvari basin off the east coast of India has been established.

2.7 **CSIR-IMTECH won the National Intellectual Property Award 2014 and adjudged the “Top R&D Institution in Healthcare**

**3.0	Cluster-wise Significant Achievements**

**3.1	Biological Sciences Cluster**

**3.1.1	Development of the process of Misoprostol-a drug useful for medical abortion**

CSIR-IICT has developed a process of Misoprostol-a drug useful for medical abortion. Misoprostol is an important prostaglandin based drug declared by the WHO as an essential medicine to induce labour. The drug is also used in combination with pain killers as an anti-ulcer agent. The technology was transferred to M/s Avra Laboratories, which has successfully commercialised the technology. The CSIR-IICT technology has successfully reduced the cost of production of the drug making it affordable for the common people in the country.

**3.1.2	Technology for Production of Multi-utility Enzyme**

The technology for the production of a multi-utility enzyme, discovered CSIR-IHBT, has been transferred to M/s Phyto Biotech, Kolkata. Discovered during a survey at an altitude of over 10,000 feet in the Western Himalayan region from the *Potentillaastrosanguinea* plant growing under snow cover, the Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme finds use in anti-ageing creams, extending shelf life of fruits and vegetables and during cryo-surgery and preservation of organelles. Owing to its high antioxidant properties and multiple uses, SOD is in heavy demand and hence commands a high price in the global market. A protocol has been developed to clone the gene in *E. coli* and it was further engineered by mutation of a single amino acid to increase its consistency and thermo-stability. SOD is highly stable and functional in a wide range of temperatures from sub-zero to more than 40 degrees centigrade.

**3.1.3	New Molecule Isolated by CSIR-IIIM; Promise against Arthritis**

CSIR-IIIM has isolated a new molecule found in a Himalayan plant with anti-arthritic properties. The molecule found in the plant locally known as *patalbheda (Bergeniaciliata),* is a promising candidate for a drug against rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis, common in the elderly, is characterised by morning stiffness and inflammation of the joints. The drug developed by scientists of CSIR-IIIM has been found to prevent inflammation and reduce pain. Current drugs against rheumatoid arthritis have serious side effects, like osteoporosis, weight gain, tuberculosis and increased susceptibility to infections. However, the new molecule has been found to be safe in animal studies.

**3.2	Chemical Sciences Cluster**

**3.2.1	Plastic to fuel**

Plastics consumption in India is reported to be around ~10 MMT (2010) while plastic wastes in India are ~15,000 TPD amounting to high environmental pollution. As a potential solution to address the growing menace of plastic usage and the associated waste generation in the country, CSIR-IIP has developed a facile process for the conversion of waste plastics (polyolefins) to value added hydrocarbons e.g. gasoline, diesel and aromatics. The salient features of the technology are that the process provides for exclusive production of either gasoline or diesel or aromatics along with LPG from polyolefinic wastes (e.g. HDPE, LDPE, PP etc) and the liquid fuel meets Euro III specifications. Further, the process is simple, pollution free and environment friendly. The estimated payback period for a 30 TPD plant is about ~ 3 years.

**3.2.2	Heat-resistant Shoe Sole from CSIR-CLRI**

CSIR-CLRI has developed a shoe sole that can withstand temperatures up to 250 degrees Celsius.  The technology would enable indigenous production of safety shoes which are currently being imported.  Of great use for safety workers who enter fire and hazard zones, the fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) sole is made from glass and carbon fibre coated with phosphorous based adhesives. Glass and carbon fibre can withstand high temperatures as their melting point is 1200 degrees Celsius and 3500 degrees Celsius respectively. To make the material flexible and suitable for functioning as a shoe sole, certain chemicals have been added.  Hundreds are killed and thousands injured across the country in fire accidents.  The heat-resistant shoe soles developed at CSIR-CLRI will give sufficient time for a person to escape. And shoe soles made with this material will also come in handy for safety workers. Besides, apart from safety shoes, the lightweight and elastic soles can also be used in regular shoes.

**3.2.3	Rechargeable Magnesium Battery**

A rechargeable battery with initial applications best suited to stationery devices like a UPS and inverters has been developed the CSIR-IICT. The magnesium metal battery with a natural graphite cathode can also be an efficient substitute to the commonly used lead battery. The technology for a rechargeable magnesium batter is not available for commercialization in any part of the world. The eco-friendly materials used in the battery are magnesium (anode), modified natural graphite (cathode) and ionic liquid electrolyte, which are safe and easily available.

- 3.3. **Engineering Sciences Cluster**

**3.3.1	Mobile Pilot Plant for Toxic Emission Monitoring and Control**

A Mobile Pilot Plant for Toxic Emission Monitoring and Control has been developed by CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur for undertaking flue gas emission monitoring and control studies in various industries including Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMEs). Flue gas comprising of dust of different sizes and gases of varying concentrations representing different small scale industries such as ceramic kilns, hot mix plants, other small scale industries etc. will be monitored for its emission characterization. Part of the gas will be fed into the different control systems and their collection efficiencies will be measured with respect to time, temperature, flow etc. The performance in terms of techno-economic feasibility will be checked and a system for control of emissions will be provided in the pilot scale which can be scaled up for full scale installation.

**3.3.2	Seabed Resident Event driven Profiling System**

Seabed Resident Event driven Profiling System for use in Coastal Waters: Seabed Resident Event-driven Profiling System for use in Coastal Waters is an autonomous robotic system that is located on the seabed of the coast. The movable component of this system consists of a re-configured inverted version of the thruster driven profiler. The present thruster driven inverted profiler (named iAVP) is positively buoyant but carries an acoustic transponder and standard oceanographic sensors on its hull to measure water column properties in its upward ascent from the seabed to the sea surface. The fixed component of the system is a sea winch ensconced within an anchored truncated conical framework residing on the seabed, and connected to the iAVP by a neutrally buoyant monofilament line. The development throws open novel applications in environmental monitoring of monsoon processes, and also the strategic long term surveillance in coastal waters.

**3.3.3	Mud banks of Kerala**

CSIR has also launched a new research initiative to work on the causes for the formation of mud banks of Kerala, in collaboration with CMFRI, Kochi. A weekly multidisciplinary – physical, chemical, biological & geological, – time series observation has been embarked upon to understand the process of mud bank formation during this year. While the general hydrographic parameters including water/sediment quality, planktonic studies are done by CSIR, CMFRI is carrying out experimental trawling (in mud bank and non-mud bank areas), distribution, taxonomy, size and sex of different fishes in the area.

**3.3.4 	Novel Sewage Treatment System at Nagpur Ordnance Factory**

To cope with water shortages in urban areas, particularly in Nagpur, CSIR-NEERI has initiated a radical shift from conventional end-of-pipe water management to an integrated approach. The Ordnance Factory at Ambajhari in Nagpur has been selected to demonstrate and install a techno-economic natural sewage treatment system developed by CSIR-NEERI.  The treatment system consists of a high rate upflow anaerobic filter, which helps in removal of organic pollutants from sewage. Subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands remove the remaining pollutants including nitrogen and phosphorous. This treated effluent then passes through pressure sand filter and activated carbon columns, which remove non-biodegradable organic matter called recalcitrant organics. Finally, the treated effluent is disinfected using chlorination or ultra violet (UV) rays, and utilised for all non-potable purposes. Sludge management through constructed wetlands called “Sludge Drying Reed Beds (SDRB)” is being demonstrated for the first time in the country. This treatment system will treat and manage sewage generated by a population of 1000 and would treat 1 lakh litre sewage per day. The treated effluent will be utilized for maintaining multi-purpose lawn spread in 1.5-acre area and irrigating Mango Orchids at the Ordnance Factory, Ambajhari, Nagpur.

- 3.3. **Physical Sciences Cluster**

**3.4.1	Touch based finger gesture controlled wheel-chair**

A prototype of Touch based finger gesture controlled wheel-chair has been developed which can be used by subjects who have motor disability and their weak limbs does not allow them to hold the joystick of the powered wheelchair. The control signals for manoeuvring the wheel chair are generated by sliding the finger on the capacitive touch screen. The control signals after proper conditioning are used to control the direction and speed of the patient cart.

**3.4.2	Machine Vision (Camera) based Head/Neck movement controlled wheel-chair**

Prototype of a Camera based head/neck movement controlled wheel-chair has been developed which can be used by quadriplegic people having neck/head movements only. The control signals for manoeuvring the customized wheelchair are generated by detecting the Head/Neck movements using machine vision system. These control signals are sent to the motion controller to control the movements of the motors of the wheelchair. The direction and speed control of the wheelchair is implemented by neck movements such as the Roll and Pitch.The motion control developed using microcontroller and motor drivers is being tested on the commercially available powered wheelchair.

**3.4.3	Optical time division reflectometery**

An optical time division reflectometery (OTDR) field technique has been developed and demonstrated for monitor on site landslide activity. It is inexpensive, less time consuming over the traditional methods and is for remote monitoring at multiple locations. Technology for disaster resistant shelters has been established.

**3.4.4	Bio ceramic grinding & polishing technology**

A bio ceramic grinding & polishing technology has been developed and equipment fabricated based on novel design. Exceedingly difficult to make Super elastic NiTi shape memory alloy wires have been developed and fabricated for orthopedic implants applications.

- 3.1. **CSIR-800**

**3.5.1	CSIR-Centre for High Altitude Biology (CSIR-CeHAB)**

CSIR has set up the CSIR-Centre for High Altitude Biology (CSIR-CeHAB) in the remote tribal region of Lahaul and Spiti which focuses on studies pertaining to bio-systems at high altitude vis-à-vis the climate change, conserving bio-resource and transferring knowledge to local communities for inclusive growth. A food processing unit has been set up at the CSIR-CeHAB. Recently, the CSIR knowhow related to food & agri-processing was showcased at the Tribal Fair at Keylong and training organized for the benefit of progressive farmers in making novel products from Buckwheat and also brining of the peas and cauliflower, major crops of the region

**3.5.2	New range of leather products for North East**

CSIR has introduced aesthetic appeal, standardization and new range of leather products in North East for higher profits to leather artisans. The handbags and other leather products crafted and designed with the ethnic designs and materials of the North east based ornaments, Dresses &Artifacts adorned by tribal folks of North East India.