Lok Sabha Question No. 268 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-04-26
Subject: Pollution in Two-Tier Cities
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: RAJESHBHAI NARANBHAI CHUDASAMA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 268

TO BE ANSWERED ON 26.04.2016

## Pollution in Two-Tier Cities

## 268. SHRI RAJESHBHAI CHUDASAMA:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) the names of two-tier cities in the country which are facing serious problem of pollution;
- (b) the mechanism  for coordination between the Union  Government  and  the State Governments for meeting these challenges;
- (c) the details of success achieved vis-a-vis gravity of challenge; and
- (d) the anticipated expenditure required during the next five years to meet the challenge?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  (INDEPENDENT  CHARGE)  FOR  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

(a) The  Central  Pollution  Control  Board  (CPCB)  is  monitoring  ambient  air  quality  in  74 Tier-II cities. The ambient air quality data for the period 2015 pertaining to two-tier cities in the country given at Annexure. Analysis of data shows that 41 cities exceed the ambient air quality  standard.  In  addition  these  cities  are  also  facing  problem  of  water  pollution  due  to discharges of untreated sewage. CPCB estimated the sewage generation from Class II towns as 2696.70 MLD and treatment capacity 233.7 MLD, leaving a wide gap of approximately 2463  MLD.  Also,  water  quality  monitoring  indicates  that  the  rivers  are  polluted  in downstream  of  major  urban  centers  due  to  large  scale  water  abstraction  and  discharge  of untreated / partially treated wastewater and not meeting the criteria. Municipal corporations are largely not able to handle the entire sewage generated from the towns with the existing infrastructure.

(b) &  (c)  CPCB  along  with  State  Pollution  Control  Boards  (SPCBs)  /  Pollution  Control Committee (PCC) are assessing the status  of  pollution  in  cities  /  town  under  National  Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) and National Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NWQMP) with a network of 612 stations and 2500 locations respectively. The main sources of pollution include emission from automobiles, suspension of dust, construction activities, industrial emissions and disposal of untreated and partially treated sewage etc. Some of the major steps taken by the government to curb pollution in Indian cities inter alia include the following:-

- (i) Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards envisaging 12 pollutants;
- (ii) Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes;
- (iii) Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air and water quality;
- (iv) Introduction of cleaner / alternate fuels like gaseous fuel (CNG, LPG etc.), ethanol blend etc.;
- (v) Promotion of cleaner production processes.
- (vi) Preparation of action plan for sewage management and restoration of water quality in aquatic resources by State Governments;

Taking  note  of  the  gravity  of  pollution,  the  Government  has  taken  some  more  measures which include:

- (i) Launched National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015;
- (ii) Implementation of Bharat Stage IV (BS-IV) norms in 63 selected cities including some of Tier-II cities and universalization of BS-IV by 2017;
- (iii) Decision  taken  to  leapfrog  directly  from  BS-IV  to  BS-VI  fuel  standards  by  1st April, 2020;
- (iv) Action to comply with effluent standards is taken by SPCBs / PCCs to improve the water quality of the rivers;
- (v) Comprehensive amendments  to various Waste  Management  Rules including Municipal Solid  Waste,  Plastic  Waste,  Hazardous  Waste,  Bio-medical  Waste  and Electronic Waste notified;
- (vi) Notification of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules.
- (vii) Ban on burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste;
- (viii) Promotion of public transport network of metro, buses, e-rickshaws and promotion of car pooling, Pollution Under Control, lane discipline, vehicle maintenance;
- (ix) Financial  assistance  for  installation  of  Common  Effluent  Treatment  Plants  for cluster of Small Scale Industrial units;
- (x) Revision of existing environmental standards and formulation of new standards for prevention and control of pollution from industries;
- (xi) Regular co-ordination meetings at official and ministerial level with Delhi and other State Governments within the NCR;
- (xii) Issuance of directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and under Section 18(1)(b) of  Water  (Prevention  and  Control  of  Pollution)  Act,  1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
- (xiii) Issuance of directions for Zero Liquid Discharge / water conservation;
- (xiv) Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries.
- (xv) Implementation of National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) and National Wetland Conservation Programme (NWCP) for conservation and management of identified lakes and wetlands in the country which have been merged in February, 2013 into an  integrated  scheme  of  National  Plan  for  Conservation  of  Aquatic  Eco-systems (NPCA) to undertake various conservation activities including interception, diversion  and  treatment  of  waste  water,  pollution  abatement,  lake  beautification, biodiversity conservation, education and awareness creation, community participation etc.

The above mentioned steps have contributed in reducing pollution in Indian cities. But for the various  steps  taken  by  Central  Government,  State  Governments  and  Union  Territories  and other agencies the level of pollution would have been worse.

(d) The allocation / anticipated allocation of funds under the heads 'Central Pollution Control Board' and 'Pollution Abatement' during the period 2016-17 to 2020-21 is given below:

|   Sl. No. | Financial Year   |   Anticipated allocation (Rs. in Crore) |
|-----------|------------------|-----------------------------------------|
|         1 | 2016-17          |                                   70    |
|         2 | 2017-18          |                                   94    |
|         3 | 2018-19          |                                  109.9  |
|         4 | 2019-20          |                                  128.68 |
|         5 | 2020-21          |                                  150.91 |

Annexure

ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARA  (a)  OF  THE  LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 268 DUE FOR REPLY ON 26.04.2016 REGARDING  POLLUTION  IN TWO-TIER CITIES BY SHRI  RAJESHBHAI CHUDASAMA, HON'BLE MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT

Ambient Air Quality in Tier-II cities during 2015

| State                | Sl. No.   | City                       | SO 2 Annual       | NO 2 Annual average   | PM 10 Annual (µg/m 3 )   |
|----------------------|-----------|----------------------------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------|
| State                | Sl. No.   | City                       | average (µg/m 3 ) | (µg/m 3 )             | average                  |
| Arunachal Pradesh    | 1.        | Itananagar                 | 4                 | 7                     | 91                       |
| Assam                | 2.        | Bongaigaon                 | 7                 | 14                    | 41                       |
| Assam                | 3.        | Tezpur                     | 7                 | 14                    | 134                      |
| Assam                | 4.        | Golaghat                   | 8                 | 14                    | 126                      |
| Assam                | 5.        | Daranga                    | 7                 | 14                    | 98                       |
| Assam                | 6.        | Margheita                  | 8                 | 14                    | 113                      |
| Assam                | 7.        | North Lakhimpur            | 6                 | 14                    | 104                      |
| Assam                | 8.        | Tinsukhia                  | 8                 | 15                    | 117                      |
| Assam                | 9.        | Nalbari                    | 7                 | 15                    | 128                      |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli | 10.       | Silvassa                   | 16                | 28                    | 30                       |
| Daman & Diu          | 11.       | Daman                      | 15                | 26                    | 28                       |
| Goa                  | 12.       | Panaji                     | 5                 | 13                    | 52                       |
|                      | 13.       | Marmagao                   | 6                 | 9                     | 74                       |
|                      | 14. 15.   | Vasco Curchorem            | 8 4               | 15 9                  | 50 31                    |
|                      | 16.       | Codli                      | 4                 | 8                     |                          |
|                      | 17.       | Honda                      | 4                 | 9                     | 49 48                    |
|                      | 18.       | Bicholim                   | 4                 | 9                     | 53                       |
|                      | 19.       | Amona                      | 4                 | 9                     | 62                       |
|                      | 20.       | Assanora                   | 4                 | 9                     | 51                       |
|                      | 21.       | Usgao                      | 4                 |                       |                          |
|                      | 22.       | Margao                     | 4                 | 9 9                   | 51                       |
|                      | 23.       | Tilamol                    | 4                 | 9                     | 58 53                    |
|                      | 24.       | Mapusa                     | 9                 | 10                    | 56                       |
|                      | 25.       | Sanguem                    | 4                 | 9                     | 47                       |
|                      | 26.       | cuncolim                   | 4                 | 9                     | 58                       |
|                      | 27.       | Ponda                      | 4                 | 9                     | 50                       |
|                      | 28.       | Kundaim                    | 4                 | 10                    | 37                       |
| Gujarat              | 29.       | Ankaleshwar                | 15                | 21                    | 88                       |
|                      | 30.       | Vapi                       | 13                | 21                    | 88                       |
| Himachal Pradesh     | 31.       | Baddi                      | 2                 | 20 15                 | 96 102                   |
|                      | 32.       | Damtal                     | 2                 |                       |                          |
|                      | 33.       | Kala Amb                   | 3                 | 15                    | 118                      |
|                      | 34. 35.   | Nalagarh Dharamshala       | 2                 | 10                    | 81                       |
|                      |           |                            | 2                 | 22                    | 31                       |
|                      | 36.       | Parwanoo                   | 2                 | 11                    | 52                       |
|                      | 37.       | Paonta Sahib               | 3                 | 15                    | 117                      |
|                      | 38. 39.   | Shimla Una                 | 4 2               | 13 6                  | 55 79                    |
|                      | 40.       | Sunder Nagar Manali        | 2 2               | 11 10                 | 83 46                    |
|                      | 41.       |                            |                   |                       |                          |
|                      | 42.       | Jharia                     | 13                | 40                    | 231                      |
| Jharkand             | 43. 44.   | Sindri Saraikela-Kharsawan | 12 36             | 37 45                 | 75 142                   |

## Annexure (Contd..)

| State         |         | City                                   | SO 2           | NO 2           | PM 10          |
|---------------|---------|----------------------------------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
| State         | No.     | City                                   | Annual average | Annual average | Annual average |
| State         |         |                                        | (µg/m 3 )      | (µg/m 3 )      | (µg/m 3 )      |
|               | 45.     | West Singhbhum                         | 18             | 23             | 111            |
|               | 46.     | Kottayam                               | 5              | 21             | 60             |
| Kerala        | 47. 48. | Pathanamthitta Kakkanchery,Mallappuram | 2              | 14             | 25             |
|               |         |                                        | 2              | 14             | 44             |
| Maharashtra   | 49.     | Lote                                   | 11             | 11             | 163            |
|               | 50.     | Sangli                                 | 11             | 40             | 72             |
| Meghalaya     | 51. 52. | Dwaki                                  | 2              | 11             | 36             |
| Meghalaya     |         | Ri-Bhoi, Brynihat                      | 25             | 13             | 122            |
| Meghalaya     | 53.     | Tura                                   | 2              | 5              | 30             |
| Meghalaya     | 54.     | Nongstoin                              | 2              | 10             | 26             |
| Meghalaya     | 55.     | Khlihriat                              | 2              | 5              | 36             |
| Nagaland      | 56.     | Kohima                                 | 2              | 5              | 34             |
| Orissa        | 57.     | Rayagada                               | 4              | 21             | 50             |
| Orissa        | 58.     | Talcher                                | 10             | 25             | 169            |
| Orissa        | 59.     | Angul                                  | 11             | 24             | 102            |
| Orissa        | 60.     | Balasore                               | 4              | 12             | 82             |
| Orissa        | 61.     | Kalinga Nagar                          | 2              | 10             | 100            |
| Orissa        | 62.     | Konark                                 | 2              | 13             | 82             |
| Punjab        | 63.     | Gobindgarh                             | 7              | 36             | 130            |
| Punjab        | 64.     | NayaNangal                             | 5              | 12             | 83             |
| Punjab        | 65.     | DerraBassi                             | 5              | 15             | 96             |
| Punjab        | 66.     | Sangrur                                | 5              | 13             | 100            |
| Punjab        | 67.     | Faridkot                               | 5              | 13             | 90             |
| Puducherry    | 68.     | Karaikal                               | 13             | 9              | 35             |
|               | 69.     | Tuticorin                              | 14             | 18             | 91             |
| Tamilnadu     | 70.     | Mettur                                 | 8              | 25             | 50             |
| Telangana     | 71.     | Patencheru                             | 5              | 23             | 88             |
| Uttar Pradesh | 72.     | Gajroula                               | 16             | 31             | 177            |
| Uttaranchal   | 73.     | Rishikesh                              | 25             | 29             | 120            |
| West Bengal   | 74.     | South Suburban                         | 3              | 37             | 90             |

## Note:

Source: Data as reported by CPCB/SPCBs/PCCs/NEERI.

Data as reported in monthly summary sheet\Environmental Data Bank/Hard copy available as on date.

National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Residential, Industrial, Rural and others Areas (Annual average) for SO2 = 50 µg/m 3 , NO2 = 40 µg/m 3 and PM10 = 60 µg/m 3 and for Ecologically sensitive area (Annual average) for SO2 = µg/m 3 , NO2 = 30 µgm 3 and PM10 = 60 µg/m 3 .

All values are in microgram per meter cube (µg/m 3 ) and annual average concentration.