Lok Sabha Question No. 156 (STARRED), answered on 2016-03-08
Subject: Air Quality
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: MUTHAMSETTI SRINIVASA RAO (AVNTHI)

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK  SABHA STARRED QUESTION N0. 156

TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.03.2016

## Air Quality

- *156. SHRI MUTHAMSETTI SRINIVASA RAO (AVANTHI):

Will  the  Minister  of  ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS  AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a)   whether air quality in metropolitan cities including Mumbai has deteriorated in the recent past;
- (b)  if so, the details thereof, city-wise and the reaction of the Government thereto; and;
- (c)   the  steps  taken/proposed  to  be  taken  by  the  Government  to  mitigate  air  pollution  and improve air quality in the metropolitan cities of the country?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

- (a) to (c): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

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Statement  referred  to  in  reply  to  Lok  Sabha  Starred  Question  No.  156  due  for reply  on  08.03.2016  regarding  'Air  Quality'  by  SHRI  MUTHAMSETTI  SRINIVASA RAO (AVANTHI), Hon'ble Member of Parliament

(a)  & (b) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) are monitoring ambient air quality across the  country  under  National  Air  Quality  Monitoring  Programme  (NAMP).  Three  air pollutants  viz.,  Sulphur  Dioxide  (SO2),  Nitrogen  Dioxide  (NO2)  and  Particulate  Matter size  equal  to  or  less  than  10  micron  (PM10),  are  monitored  at  all  the  612  operating monitoring stations located in 254 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 union territories across the country. The ambient air quality data of the million plus cities including Mumbai is annexed .

Out of the 46 million plus cities, ambient air quality data collected during 2015 available for 41 cities indicate that the values of SO2 are within the NAAQS of 50 µg/m 3 (annual standard).  The  value  of  NO2  in  9  cities  (namely  Delhi,  Faridabad,  Howrah,  Kalyan Dombovali, Kolkata, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune, Navi Mumbai and Thane) exceeded the NAAQS of 40 µg/m 3   (annual  standard);  while  the  value  of    PM10,  in  38  cities  do  not comply  with  the  NAAQS  of  60  µg/m 3 (annual  standard).  The  PM10  value  in  3  cities (namely  Chennai, Coimbatore  and  Vishakhapatnam)  complies  with  the  National Standard of 60 µg/m 3 (annual standard). The analysis of three year data also revealed that  SO2  &  NO2 levels  at  Mumbai  are  within  the  NAAQS.  However,  the  level  of  PM10 exceeds  the  NAAQS  of  60  µg/m 3 (annual  standard)  and  shows  decreasing  trend  in 2014 and 2015 compared to 2013.

(c) The steps taken by the Government to mitigate air pollution in metropolitan cities including Mumbai in the country include the following:-

- (i) Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards envisaging 12 pollutants;
- (ii) Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes;
- (iii) Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air quality;
- (iv) Introduction  of  cleaner  /  alternate  fuels  like  gaseous  fuel,  ethanol  blend  etc. replacing petrol and diesel;
- (v) Promotion of cleaner production processes;

Taking  note  of  the  gravity  of  Air  Pollution,  the  Government  has  taken  some  more measures which include:

- (i) Launched National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015 starting with 14 cities and now extended to 22 cities;
- (ii) Implementation  of  Bharat  Stage  IV  (BS-IV)  norms  in  63  selected  cities  and universalization of BS-IV by 2017;
- (iii) Decision  taken  to  leapfrog  directly  from  BS-IV  to  BS-VI  fuel  standards  by  1 st April, 2020;
- (iv) Comprehensive  review  of  all  Waste  Management  Rules  including  Municipal Solid Waste, Plastic Waste, Hazardous  Waste,  Bio-medical  Waste  and Electronic Waste.
- (v) Ban on burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste;
- (vi) Promotion  of  public  transport  network  of  metro,  buses,  e-rickshaws  and promotion  of  car  pooling,  Pollution  Under  Control,  lane  discipline,  vehicle maintenance;
- (vii) Revision of existing environmental standards and formulation of new standards for prevention and control of pollution from industries.
- (viii) Regular co-ordination  meetings  at  official  and  ministerial  level  with  Delhi  and other State Governments within the NCR.
- (ix) Issuance of directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and under Section 18(1)(b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
- (x) Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries.

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## Annexure

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARA (a) & (b) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 156 DUE FOR REPLY ON 08.03.2016 REGARDING AIR QUALITY BY SHRI MUTHAMSETTI  SRINIVASA  RAO  (AVANTHI),  HON'BLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT

Air quality status of million plus cities for 2013, 2014 and 2015 (Annual average (µg/m 3 )

| S.      | City             | State                   | 2013   | 2013    | 2013     | 2014   | 2014    | 2014      | 2015   | 2015    | 2015    |
|---------|------------------|-------------------------|--------|---------|----------|--------|---------|-----------|--------|---------|---------|
| No.     |                  |                         | SO 2   | NO 2    | PM 10    | SO 2   | NO 2    | PM 10     | SO 2   | NO 2    | PM 10   |
| 1.      | Agra             | Uttar Pradesh           | 5      | 21      | 184*     | 8      | 12      | 182*      | 8      | 15      | 192*    |
| 2.      | Ahmedabad        | Gujarat                 | 12     | 17      | 79*      | 13     | 20      | 85*       | 13     | 20      | 86*     |
| 3.      | Allahabad        | Uttar Pradesh           | 5      | 29      | 235*     | 4      | 28      | 250*      | 3      | 28      | 249*    |
| 4.      | Amritsar         | Punjab                  | 13     | 40      | 180*     | 14     | 42*     | 187*      | 12     | 34      | 169*    |
| 5.      | Aurangabad       | Maharashtra             | 10     | 37      | 84*      | 12     | 39      | 85*       | 12     | 40      | 82*     |
| 6.      | Bangalore        | Karnataka               | 13     | 26      | 113*     | 13     | 30      | 140*      | 5      | 20      | 131*    |
| 7.      | Bhopal           | Madhya Pradesh          | 3      | 26      | 220*     | 2      | 20      | 156*      | 3      | 23      | 168*    |
| 8.      | Chennai          | Tamilnadu               | 14     | 22      | 75*      | 13     | 22      | 59        | 13     | 20      | 56      |
| 9.      | Coimbatore       | Tamilnadu               | 4      | 24      | 56       | 5      | 25      | 48        | 4      | 25      | 47      |
| 10.     | Delhi (DMC)      | Delhi                   | 4      | 66*     | 221*     | 5      | 61*     | 215*      | 5      | 59*     | 221*    |
| 11.     | Dhanbad          | Jharkhand               | 16     | 40      | 151*     | 14     | 37      | 162*      | 12     | 37      | 168*    |
| 12.     | Faridabad        | Haryana                 | 12     | 26      | 196*     | 13     | 25      | 197*      | 15     | 73*     | 105*    |
| 13.     | Ghaziabad        | Uttar Pradesh           | 26     | 34      | 285*     | 26     | 39      | 246*      | 23     | 37      | 247*    |
| 14.     | Gwalior          | Madhya Pradesh          | 13     | 27      | 197*     | 11     | 17      | 148*      | 10     | 14      | 127*    |
| 15.     | Howrah           | West Bengal             | 11     | 45*     | 187*     | 9      | 35      | 111       | 15     | 43*     | 123*    |
| 16.     | Hyderabad        | Telangana               | 5      | 24      | 90*      | 5      | 24      | 98*       | 5      | 25      | 94*     |
| 17.     | Indore           | Madhya Pradesh          | 11     | 19      | 156*     | 11     | 20      | 144*      | 11     | 20      | 95*     |
| 18.     | Jabalpur         | Madhya Pradesh          | 2      | 23      | 69*      | 2      | 23      | 69*       | 9      | 26      | 88*     |
| 19.     | Jaipur           | Rajasthan               | 7      | 40      | 160*     | 7      | 41*     | 154*      | 7      | 35      | 167*    |
| 20.     | Jodhpur          | Rajasthan               | 5      | 23      | 176*     | 7      | 31      | 189*      | 6      | 24      | 151*    |
| 21.     | Kalyan Dombivali | Maharashtra             | 25     | 54*     | 91*      | 40     | 77*     | 141*      | 17     | 47*     | 94*     |
| 22.     | Kanpur           | Uttar Pradesh           | 7      | 31      | 201*     | 5      | 34      | 199*      | 6      | 35      | 200*    |
| 23.     | Kolkata          | West Bengal             | 11     | 70*     | 159*     | 15     | IA      | 107*      | 6      | 53*     | 108*    |
| 24.     | Kota             | Rajasthan               | 7      | 33      | 122*     | 7      | 35      | 128*      | 6      | 33      | 115*    |
| 25.     | Lucknow          | Uttar Pradesh           | 8      | 29      | 192*     | 8      | 28      | 175*      | 8      | 28      | 172*    |
| 26.     | Ludhiana         | Punjab                  | 11     | 26      | 204*     | 10     | 26      | 152*      | 11     | 27      | 139*    |
| 27.     | Madurai          | Tamilnadu               | 14     | 22      | 41       | 13     | 26      | 45        | 13     | 26      | 65*     |
| 28.     | Meerut           | Uttar Pradesh           | 5      | 39 13   | 134*     | 8      | 48*     | 154*      | - 3    | -       | -       |
| 29.     | Mumbai           | Maharashtra             | 3      |         | 117*     | 4      | 20      | 95*       |        | 23      | 90*     |
| 30. 31. | Nagpur Nashik    | Maharashtra Maharashtra | 8 28   | 27      | 89*      | 10 25  | 25 26   | 93* 73*   | 10 19  | 29 22   | 85* 78* |
|         | Navi Mumbai      | Maharashtra             |        | 29      | 85* 137* | 18     | 40      | 151*      | 18     | 43*     |         |
|         |                  |                         | 17     | 44*     |          |        |         |           |        |         |         |
| 32.     |                  | Maharashtra             |        |         | -        | -      |         | 93*       | 19     | -       | 137*    |
| 33.     | Patna            | Bihar                   | -      | -       |          |        | -       | -         | -      |         | -       |
| 34.     | Pimpri Chinchwad | Maharashtra             | 20     | 43*     | 86* 88*  | 22 23  | 41* 45* | 92*       | 20     | 53* 59* | 98* 96* |
| 35.     | Pune             |                         | 20     | 41* 41* | 305*     |        |         |           | 13     | 36      | 186*    |
| 37.     | Rajkot           | Gujarat                 | 12     | 17      | 87*      | 13     | 19      | 82*       | 13     |         | 83*     |
| 36. 38. | Raipur$ Ranchi   | Chattisgarh Jharkhand   | 15 19  | 36      | 177*     | 16 18  | 41* 34  | 329* 197* | -      | 19 -    | -       |

|   39. | Shrinagar             | Jammu &Kashmir   | @   | @   | @    | @   | @   | @    | @   | @   | @    |
|-------|-----------------------|------------------|-----|-----|------|-----|-----|------|-----|-----|------|
|    40 | Surat                 | Gujarat          | 13  | 20  | 88*  | 15  | 20  | 89*  | 14  | 20  | 89*  |
|    41 | Thane                 | Maharashtra      | 17  | 32  | 110* | 18  | 60* | 109* | 28  | 58* | 116* |
|    42 | Vadodara              | Gujarat          | 14  | 19  | 89*  | 15  | 21  | 87*  | 14  | 21  | 89*  |
|    43 | Varanasi              | Uttar Pradesh    | 19  | 28  | 145* | 19  | 32  | 139* | 19  | 36  | 174* |
|    44 | Vasai-virar           | Maharashtra      | NA  | NA  | NA   | NA  | NA  | NA   | NA  | NA  | NA   |
|    45 | Vijaywada             | Andhra Pradesh   | 5   | 19  | 104* | 5   | 24  | 100* | 5   | 34  | 107* |
|    46 | Vishakhapatnam (GVMC) | Andhra Pradesh   | 13  | 18  | 67*  | 13  | 20  | 64*  | 8   | 18  | 60*  |

NB.  NA-  no  monitoring  station  in  the  city,  @  -monitoring  station  sanctioned  but  not  yet  operational,  '-'  data  not received, IA  inadequate data, $ -there are three operating station in Raipur, however during 2013,2014 only one station is in operation and for 2015 two monitoring stations are operating, *Concentration exceeding NAAQS of 50 µg/m3 for SO2, 40 µg/m3 for NO2, 60 µg/m3 for PM10, and 40 µg/m3 for PM2.5 for Residential/ industrial / other area & 20 µg/m3 for SO2, 30 µg/m3 for NO2, and 60 µg/m3 for Ecologically sensitive area. The data furnished in the table for year 2015 is as available on date.

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