Lok Sabha Question No. 340 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-04-26
Subject: Agricultural Production
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY, VIRENDRA  KUMAR, RAYAPATI SAMBASIVA RAO, PRATAPRAO GANPATRAO JADHAV, P.P. CHAUDHARY, RITI PATHAK, HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM CHAVAN

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 340

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 26 TH  APRIL, 2016

## AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

340.     SHRI M. RAJA MOHAN REDDY:

DR. VIRENDRA KUMAR:

SHRI RAYAPATI SAMBASIVA RAO:

SHRI PRATAP RAO JADHAV:

SHRI P.P. CHAUDHARY:

SHRIMATI RITI PATHAK:

SHRI HARISHCHANDRA CHAVAN:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ षि एवं ककसान कल्याण मंत्री be pleased to state:

- (a) whether agricultural production and productivity in the country is lagging behind the countries  which  are  advanced  in  the  agriculture  sector,  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the reasons therefor;
- (b) the latest corrective steps taken in this regard;
- (c) whether agricultural production and avenues of employment in agriculture sector have decreased due to prevalence of droughts and floods in the country during the last three years and if so, the details thereof, State/UT-wise;
- (d) whether  the  Government  has  anticipated  better  production  of  agricultural  produce including  wheat  and  oilseeds  in  the  country  during  2016-17  and  if  so,  the  estimated production of crops vis-a-vis their domestic consumption during the period, State/UT-wise, if not, the reasons therefor and the action plan to cope with the situation; and
- (e) whether  the  Government  has  set  up  any  expert  body  to  conduct  study  to  suggest ways and means to increase the production and productivity of foodgrains in the country and if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  action  taken/proposed  to  be  taken  by  the  Government  to increase agricultural production and create better avenues of employment in the agriculture sector?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ षि एवं ककसान कल्याण मंत्राऱय में राज्य मंत्री (SHRI  MOHANBHAI  KUNDARIYA)

- (a): India has performed reasonably well in terms of agricultural production of major crops such  as  rice,  wheat,  pulses  and  sugarcane.  In  rice  and  wheat,  India  is  second  largest producer and in pulses, India is the largest producer in the world. However, the per hectare productivity of most of the agricultural crops cultivated in India is less as compared to some agriculturally advanced countries of the world.

Major reasons for low productivity of agricultural crops in India are varied agro climatic conditions, pre-dominantly rainfed agriculture, inefficient use of irrigation resources, weather extremities, fragmented land holdings, complex diseases & pests  scenario, low use of good quality  seeds  and  low  adoption  of  improved  package  of  practices,  etc.  Further,  in  above countries, the agricultural crops are largely grown in high input management conditions with long growing period and without any stress of moisture, temperature, etc.

The details of production and productivity of major agricultural crops in India vis-à-vis other agriculturally advanced countries of the world are given in Annexure-I .

(b): In  order  to  increase production and productivity of agricultural crops in the country, the  Government  of  India  is  implementing  through  State  Governments,  several  Crop Development  Schemes/Programmes  such  as  National  Food  Security  Mission  (NFSM), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI), National  Mission  on  Oilseeds  and  Oil  Palm  (NMOOP),  National  Mission  for  Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana, Soil Health Card etc.

Under these Schemes/Programmes, funds are provided to States for implementation of  State-specific  agricultural  strategies  including  incentives  to  farmers  for  use  of  quality seeds,  Integrated  Nutrient  Management  (INM),  Integrated  Pest  Management  (IPM),  farm mechanization,  etc.  The  States  are  also  provided  support  for  creation  of  agricultural infrastructure for optimal use of water and other natural resources.

(c): State-wise details of production of major agricultural crops during the last three years i.e. 2012-13 to 2014-15 are given in Annexure-II .

It  is  observed that while production of most  of the agricultural crops during 2013-14 was higher than their production during the previous years, there has been a decline in the production  during  2014-15.  The  decline  in  production  has  been  mainly  on  account  of deficit/deficient rainfall in several parts of the country during monsoon season, affecting kharif production  and  unseasonal  rains/hailstorms  during  February-March,  2015  which  severely impacted production of rabi crops.

Though, quantitative assessment of impact of droughts and floods on the avenues of employment in the agriculture sector is not available, these events normally have an adverse impact on the avenues of employment in the agriculture sector.

(d): In  an  agricultural  year  (July  to  June),  the  1 st Advance Estimates of agricultural production  (covering  Kharif crops  only) are generally available  by  the  month  of September. As per Sub-Group of the Working Group of Planning Commission for 12 th Five  Year  Plan,  the  details  of  projected  demand  of  major  agricultural  commodities  for 2016-17 are as under:

| Crop           |   Projected Demand (Million Tonnes) |
|----------------|-------------------------------------|
| Rice           |                              110.21 |
| Wheat          |                               89.06 |
| Coarse Cereals |                               36.4  |
| Pulses         |                               21.68 |
| Foodgrains     |                              257.34 |
| Oilseeds       |                               59.43 |
| Sugarcane      |                              279    |

State-wise demand of major agricultural commodities for 2016-17 has not been projected.

(e): In order to enhance production and productivity of various agricultural crops including foodgrains  in  the  country,  the  Indian  Council  of  Agricultural  Research  (ICAR)  is  having research programmes in different crops in 24 commodity/theme based research institutes. These  institutes  undertake  basic  and  strategic  research  programmes  related  to  crop improvement, crop production and protection technologies in different crops.  The technical information so developed is used by 31 crop related All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs) to develop location specific varieties and technologies for different agro-ecological needs  to  enhance  production  and  productivity.    Improved  varieties/hybrids  of  major  crops such as rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pulses etc. have been released to ensure supply of quality seed to farmers.

These  varieties  and  hybrids  are  promoted  through  Front  Line  Demonstrations  and other  promotion  programmes/  schemes  through  State  Agricultural  Universities  and  Krishi Vigyan  Kendras  (KVKs).  Besides,  integrated  nutrient,  water  and  weed  management strategies  have  been  developed  by  Crop  Institutes  of  ICAR  to  meet  location-specific requirements to achieve higher productivity.

## Annexure-I Annexure referred to in reply to part (a) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 340 due for reply on

## 26.04.2016

## Production and Productivity of major crops in India vis-à-vis major agriculturally advanced countries in the World for the year 2014 (latest available)

| Country                  | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Production (000 Tonnes)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   | Productivity (Kg/hectare)   |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|
| Country                  | Rice, Paddy               | Wheat                     | Total Cereals             | Coarse Grain              | Total Pulses              | Oilcrops Primary          | Sugarcane                 | Rice, Paddy                 | Wheat                       | Total Cereals               | Coarse Grain                | Total Pulses                | Oilcrops Primary            | Sugarcane                   |
| Argentina                | 1581.8                    | 13930.0                   | 55506.2                   | 39994.3                   | 334.3                     | 10999.2                   | 24596.9                   | 6504                        | 2810                        | 4555                        | 5726                        | 954                         | 508                         | 63632                       |
| Australia                | 819.0                     | 25303.0                   | 38412.4                   | 12290.4                   | 3070.3                    | 1627.3                    | 30518.0                   | 10920                       | 2006                        | 2137                        | 2326                        | 1408                        | 492                         | 81381                       |
| Brazil                   | 12175.6                   | 6261.9                    | 101398.2                  | 82960.7                   | 3305.9                    | 17034.1                   | 737155.7                  | 5201                        | 2209                        | 4641                        | 4975                        | 1030                        | 529                         | 70625                       |
| India*                   | 158223.2                  | 86526.6                   | 234870.6                  | 42861.9                   | 17152.3                   | 27510.8                   | 362332.8                  | 3587                        | 2750                        | 2331                        | 1703                        | 728                         | 1075                        | 71511                       |
| Russian Federation       | 1048.5                    | 59711.3                   | 103154.4                  | 42394.4                   | 2315.6                    | 4979.7                    | -                         | 5362                        | 2498                        | 2443                        | 2340                        | 1448                        | 480                         | -                           |
| United Kingdom           | -                         | 16621.0                   | 24505.0                   | 7884.0                    | 540.9                     | 948.4                     | -                         | -                           | 8585                        | 7707                        | 6340                        | 3717                        | 1375                        | -                           |
| United States of America | 10025.9                   | 55395.4                   | 442932.5                  | 377511.1                  | 2402.6                    | 21855.6                   | 28003.8                   | 8487                        | 2944                        | 7637                        | 9936                        | 1943                        | 555                         | 79511                       |
| China                    | 208239.6                  | 126212.7                  | 559312.8                  | 224860.5                  | 4514.0                    | 15692.1                   | 126153.4                  | 6746                        | 5048                        | 5888                        | 5747                        | 1550                        | 640                         | 72243                       |

Source: Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)

*Figures for India are as per official estimates for 2014-15 released by Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India

## State-wise production of Agricultural Crops during 2012-13 to 2014-15

| States            | Foodgrains   | Foodgrains   | Foodgrains   | Oilseeds   | Oilseeds   | Oilseeds   | Cotton*   | Cotton*   | Cotton*   | Sugarcane   | Sugarcane   | Sugarcane   |
|-------------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|------------|------------|------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| States            | 2012-13      | 2013-14      | 2014-15      | 2012-13    | 2013-14    | 2014-15    | 2012-13   | 2013-14   | 2014-15   | 2012-13     | 2013-14     | 2014-15     |
| Andhra Pradesh    | 10429.8      | 10522.3      | 10494.1      | 928.3      | 1414.3     | 597.2      | 2025.2    | 1411.1    | 2841.0    | 11993.0     | 12008.8     | 9987.0      |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 369.6        | 384.6        | 409.0        | 29.3       | 31.4       | 33.9       | #         | #         | #         | 30.2        | 30.4        | 29.7        |
| Assam             | 5280.6       | 5096.8       | 5458.8       | 186.8      | 186.3      | 205.7      | #         | #         | #         | 1028.2      | 1075.2      | 1099.1      |
| Bihar             | 15939.6      | 12905.8      | 13208.6      | 143.3      | 146.2      | 127.0      | #         | #         | #         | 12741.4     | 12881.8     | 14034.1     |
| Chhattisgarh      | 7643.6       | 7598.0       | 7463.1       | 215.0      | 185.4      | 174.2      | #         | #         | #         | 37.3        | 22.1        | 49.3        |
| Goa               | 131.8        | 135.5        | 128.6        | 7.5        | 6.6        | 4.3        | #         | #         | #         | 46.0        | 47.7        | 49.2        |
| Gujarat           | 7056.2       | 9179.6       | 7109.3       | 2705.0     | 6870.4     | 4886.9     | 8850.0    | 10150.0   | 10500.0   | 12690.0     | 12550.0     | 14330.0     |
| Haryana           | 16226.4      | 16974.1      | 15235.1      | 993.1      | 899.0      | 743.4      | 2500.0    | 2302.0    | 2300.0    | 7437.0      | 7499.0      | 7169.0      |
| Himachal Pradesh  | 1480.7       | 1528.4       | 1432.0       | 6.9        | 6.1        | 6.6        | #         | #         | #         | 42.0        | 35.7        | 37.6        |
| Jammu & Kashmir   | 1831.9       | 1777.9       | 1220.3       | 51.1       | 58.8       | 40.4       | #         | #         | #         | NA          | 0.0         | 2.0         |
| Jharkhand         | 4557.5       | 4285.7       | 4777.0       | 197.2      | 182.9      | 177.6      | #         | #         | #         | 461.9       | 462.8       | 469.8       |
| Karnataka         | 10863.3      | 12208.9      | 12138.0      | 919.6      | 1162.0     | 959.0      | 1255.0    | 1875.0    | 2311.0    | 35732.0     | 37905.0     | 43776.0     |
| Kerala            | 511.8        | 512.0        | 563.8        | 1.1        | 1.0        | 0.8        | #         | #         | #         | 165.7       | 221.5       | 148.5       |
| Madhya Pradesh    | 23690.4      | 22978.0      | 28687.0      | 9276.0     | 6634.9     | 7724.2     | 2200.0    | 1730.0    | 1750.0    | 2641.9      | 3173.7      | 4567.0      |
| Maharashtra       | 10973.3      | 13846.2      | 11311.9      | 5086.8     | 5293.9     | 2850.2     | 7655.0    | 8834.0    | 7000.0    | 69648.1     | 76901.0     | 84699.0     |
| Manipur           | 336.7        | 490.6        | 427.2        | 32.1       | 31.0       | 31.7       | #         | #         | #         | 311.7       | 339.3       | 339.3       |
| Meghalaya         | 265.0        | 320.0        | 353.8        | 6.9        | 14.1       | 14.9       | #         | #         | #         | 0.2         | 0.3         | 0.3         |
| Mizoram           | 41.8         | 72.8         | 75.3         | 2.2        | 2.4        | 2.4        | #         | #         | #         | 6.8         | 7.0         | 44.3        |
| Nagaland          | 600.6        | 624.6        | 649.6        | 67.5       | 67.9       | 68.1       | #         | #         | #         | 187.6       | 188.5       | 189.3       |
| Odisha            | 8008.8       | 8359.4       | 8980.5       | 170.3      | 168.8      | 141.5      | 400.0     | 299.0     | 400.0     | 952.4       | 936.5       | 722.9       |
| Punjab            | 28543.0      | 29480.4      | 26698.0      | 69.4       | 64.2       | 57.7       | 2000.0    | 1968.0    | 1600.0    | 5919.0      | 6675.0      | 7039.0      |
| Rajasthan         | 18367.7      | 17899.6      | 19621.9      | 6364.6     | 6033.8     | 5314.3     | 1400.0    | 1287.0    | 1527.0    | 401.8       | 362.9       | 408.9       |
| Sikkim            | 106.0        | 102.4        | 102.2        | 7.1        | 7.1        | 7.1        | #         | #         | #         | NA          | NA          | NA          |
| Tamil Nadu        | 5592.8       | 8783.2       | 9623.7       | 816.9      | 964.2      | 985.3      | 500.0     | 408.0     | 686.0     | 33919.2     | 32454.1     | 28092.8     |
| Telangana         | 8232.7       | 9142.9       | 7114.8       | 722.8      | 471.4      | 630.0      | 5324.8    | 5544.9    | 3800.0    | 3574.0      | 3376.2      | 3343.0      |
| Tripura           | 725.2        | 726.7        | 761.5        | 2.4        | 4.6        | 7.1        | #         | #         | #         | 45.4        | 49.6        | 0.0         |
| Uttar Pradesh     | 50745.4      | 50027.5      | 39594.0      | 1030.5     | 895.8      | 787.2      | #         | #         | #         | 132427.7    | 134688.6    | 133061.4    |
| Uttarakhand       | 1827.7       | 1776.5       | 1626.0       | 39.7       | 34.1       | 29.6       | #         | #         | #         | 6784.8      | 5939.8      | 6165.1      |
| West Bengal       | 16546.5      | 17078.9      | 16531.8      | 850.7      | 909.9      | 901.4      | #         | #         | #         | 1617.0      | 1945.0      | 2105.5      |
| A & N Islands     | 22.4         | 16.8         | 14.6         | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | #         | #         | #         |             | 7.1         | 4.0         |
| D & N Haveli      | 34.4         | 32.7         | 33.2         | 0.1        | 0.1        | 0.1        | #         | #         | #         | 53.0        | 53.2        | 52.8        |
| Delhi             | 90.3         | 122.1        | 118.1        | 8.6        | 0.0        | 0.0        | #         | #         | #         | NA          | NA          | NA          |
| Daman & Diu       | 3.8          | 4.0          | 6.3          |            |            |            | #         | #         | #         | NA          | NA          | NA          |
| Pondicherry       | 47.5         | 50.4         | 54.0         | 0.9        | 1.0        | 1.1        | #         | #         | #         | 304.5       | 304.1       | 317.0       |
| Others            | NA           | NA           | NA           | NA         | NA         | NA         | 110.0     | 93.0      | 90.0      | NA          | NA          | NA          |
| All India         | 257124.7     | 265045.2     | 252022.9     | 30939.8    | 32749.4    | 27510.8    | 34220.0   | 35902.0   | 34805.0   | 341199.7    | 352141.8    | 362332.8    |

* Production in '000 Bales of 170 kgs each.

NA: Not applicable.

# Included in others.

**************

## Annexure-II

Production ('000 Tonnes)