Lok Sabha Question No. 1296 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: SANJAY SHAMRAO DHOTRE, NINONG ERING, BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB, KIRTI (JHA) AZAD, JOSE K. MANI, RAGHAV LAKHANPAL, PRITAM GOPINATH MUNDE, ABHIJIT MUKHERJEE, K. C. VENUGOPAL, ELUMALAI VELLAIGOUNDER, KRISHNA RAJ, SIRAJUDDIN AJMAL, (ADV.) JOICE GEORGE, T.G. VENKATESH BABU

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION AND LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1296 TO BE ANSWERED ON 7 TH  DECEMBER, 2015

## Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

## 1296.   SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE:

SHRI NINONG ERING: SHRI BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB: SHRI KIRTI AZAD: SHRI JOSE K. MANI: SHRI RAGHAV LAKHANPAL: DR. PRITAM GOPINATH MUNDE: SHRI ABJIJIT MUKHERJEE: SHRI K.C. VENUGOPAL: SHRI ELUMALAI V.: SHRIMATI KRISHNA RAJ: SHRI SIRAJUDDIN AJMAL: ADV. JOICE GEORGE: SHRI VENKATESH BABU T.G.:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the salient features and goals of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) being implemented in the country;
- (b)  the pattern of funds sharing between the Centre and the States for the said scheme;
- (c) whether  it  is  a  fact  that  most  of  the  States  have  not  received  adequate/requisite  funds  from  the Government under SSA and the State Government are asking to raise the funds;
- (d)  if so, the details thereof during the last three years including current year, State/ UT-wise and year-wise;
- (e) whether the Government has achieved the goals/targets of SSA and if so, the details thereof along with the steps taken/being taken for successful implementation of the SSA;
- (f) the steps taken/proposed to be taken for bridging gender gaps and social category gaps in elementary education under SSA;
- (g)  whether it is a fact that the despite of implementation of SSA and education reform policies and World Bank aid to the education sector, a large number of children are not enrolled in the schools and if so, the steps taken by the Government in this regard; and
- (h)  whether the Government is also considering to provide computer education to the girls in rural areas and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a): The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme in partnership with  State  Governments  for  universalizing  elementary  education  across  the  country.  Its  overall  goals  include universal  access  and  retention,  bridging  of  gender  and  social  category  gaps  in  education  and  enhancement  of learning levels of children. SSA provides for a variety of interventions, including inter alia, opening of new schools, construction  of  schools  and  additional  classrooms,  toilets  and  drinking  water,  provisioning  for  teachers,  periodic teacher training and academic resource support, textbooks and support for learning achievement. These provisions are made in accordance with norms and standards and free entitlements as mandated by the Right of Children to Free  and  Compulsory  Education  (RTE)  Act,  2009,  which  provides  a  legal  framework  that  entitles  all  children between  the  ages  of  6  to  14  years  free  and  compulsory  admission,  attendance  and  completion  of  elementary education.

(b): The fund sharing pattern of the SSA scheme is in the ratio of 60:40 between Centre and States and 90:10 for  the  8  North-Eastern  States  viz.  Arunachal  Pradesh,  Assam,  Manipur,  Meghalaya,  Mizoram,  Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, and 3 Himalayan States viz. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh & Uttrakhand, effective from the year 2015-16.

(c) & (d): Section 7 of the RTE Act provides that the Central and State Governments have concurrent responsibility for providing funds for carrying out the provisions of the RTE Act. Allocation of outlays of the States under  SSA are made on the basis of the approved Annual Work Plans and Budgets (AWP&B) prepared by the States based on their requirements.   Funds are released to States /UTs as per the approved AWP&B for each year in two or more installments, depending on the State/UT's opening balance, release of commensurate State share, pace of expenditure, submission of audit reports and other such criteria laid down in the scheme. The releases to States and UTs under SSA have gone up from ` 19594.07 crores in 2010-11 to ` 24030.16 crores in 2014-15.  Details of State/UT-wise funds released under SSA during the last three years and the current year are at Annexure.

(e): Since  the  inception  of  SSA  in  2000-01  till  30.09.2015,  3.64  lakh  new  elementary  schools, construction of 3.11 lakh school buildings, and 18.61 lakh additional classrooms, 2.38 lakh drinking water facilities, 10.14 lakh school toilets and 19.48 lakh teacher posts have been sanctioned to States and UTs. Out of this, 3.59 lakh elementary schools have been opened, 2.85 lakh school buildings and 17.14 lakh additional classrooms have been constructed, 2.26 lakh drinking water facilities have been provided, 9.37 lakh school toilets have been constructed and 15.58 lakh teachers have been recruited.

The  Government  of  India  has  introduced  several  measures  to  facilitate  the  implementation  of  the  SSA namely (i) launching 'Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat'-a foundational programme to improve early reading and writing with comprehension and early mathematics and a focus on strengthening Science and Maths learning at the upper primary  level;  (ii)    launching  'Rashtriya  Avishkaar  Abhiyan'  -  a  convergent  framework  to  make  Science, Mathematics  and  Technology  exciting  for  children;  (iii)  sharing  an  exemplar  on  continuous  and  comprehensive evaluation in elementary education developed by the NCERT; (iv) sharing learning outcomes by class and stage of education brought out by the NCERT; (v) conducting the 3 rounds of National Achievement Surveys for Class III, V and VIII to track student learning outcomes; (vi) bringing out guidelines against discrimination in schools; and (vii) monitoring of States to set up decentralized grievance redressal systems under the RTE Act.

(f): Bridging the gender and social category gaps in elementary education is one of the goals of the SSA. The Gender Parity Index (GPI) in 2013-14 has reached 1.02 for primary level and 1.06 at upper primary level.  The SSA has  identified  61  SC,  109  ST,  and  88  minority  concentrated  districts  in  the  country.    Percentage  of  girls' enrolment has gone up from 48.12% in 2009-10 to 48.66% in 2013-14 at the elementary level. In order to ensure greater participation of girls in elementary education, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) has targeted interventions for  girls  which  include  opening  of  schools  in  the  neighbourhood  to  make  access  easier  for  girls,  appointment  of additional  teachers  including  women  teachers,  free  textbooks,  free  uniforms,  separate  toilets  for  girls,  teachers' sensitisation  programmes  to  promote  girls  participation,  gender-sensitive  teaching-learning  materials  including textbooks. In addition, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) have been opened in Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs) where the female rural literacy is below the national average to provide for residential upper primary schools for girls. 3598 KGBVs are operational in the country enrolling 3.52 lakh girls. The KGBV component of SSA scheme targets  girl's  education  for  drop  out  girl  children  particularly  from  low  literacy  habitations,  below poverty line and SC/ST/minorities population.

The Hon'ble Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech on 15 th August, 2014 emphasized the need for education of girls and made a national call for provision of separate toilets for girls and boys in every school within a  year.  Under  the  Swachh  Vidyalaya  Initiative  launched  by  this  Ministry,  4,17,796  toilets  were  constructed  in  a period of one year, thus ensuring that every single government school now has a separate toilet for girls and boys.

Percentage of enrolment of SC children, ST children and Muslim children has gone up from 19.06 to 19.72, 10.70 to 10.63 and 12.50 to 13.73, respectively from 2010-11 to 2013-14 at elementary level.

SSA also ensures that every child with special needs (CWSN), irrespective of the kind, category and degree of disability, is provided quality inclusive education. The enrolment of CWSN has gone up to 25.03 lakh as per the Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE) 2013-14 as compared to 11.71 lakh in 2003-04.

(g): The census 2011 estimated 20.78 crore children in the 6-13 age group.  As per UDISE 2013-14, enrolment in elementary schools was 19.89 crore children in 14.49 lakh elementary schools, including 13.79 lakh government and government aided schools.  There has been a significant reduction in the number of out of school children in the 6-14 years  age  group,  from  134.6  lakh  in  2005  to  81  lakh  in  2009  and  further  to  61  lakh  in  2013.  The  annual average dropout rate has come down from 6.8% (2009-10) to 4.7% (2012-13) at primary level and the dropout rate at upper primary level is 3.13%.  The transition rate from primary to upper primary has gone up from 83.53% in 2009-10 to 89.58% in 2012-13.  The Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) has improved from 32 in 2009-10 to 26 in 2013-14.

(h): Under SSA, there is a provision for Computer Aided Learning (CAL) facilities upto ` 50 lakhs per district per year at the upper primary level where electricity and appropriate infrastructure is available. The focus of CAL is to maximise coverage in Upper Primary Schools with special emphasis on Science and Mathematics. Girls enrolled at these schools whether in rural or urban areas also get to use the facility.

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ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (c)  AND  (d)  OF  LOK  SABHA  UNSTARRED  QUESTION NO. 1296 TO BE ANSWERED ON 7 TH  DECEMBER, 2015 ASKED BY SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE: SHRI NINONG ERING:  SHRI  BHARTRUHARI  MAHTAB:  SHRI  KIRTI  AZAD:  SHRI  JOSE  K.  MANI:  SHRI  RAGHAV LAKHANPAL:  DR.  PRITAM  GOPINATH  MUNDE:  SHRI  ABJIJIT  MUKHERJEE:  SHRI  K.C.  VENUGOPAL: SHRI ELUMALAI V.: SHRIMATI KRISHNA RAJ: SHRI SIRAJUDDIN AJMAL: ADV. JOICE GEORGE: SHRI VENKATESH BABU T.G. REGARDING 'SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN'

Statement showing details of State/UT-wise funds released under SSA during the last three years and current year

( ` in lakh)

|         |                          | Central release   | Central release   | Central release   | Central release            |
|---------|--------------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|----------------------------|
| Sl. No. | State/UT                 | 2012-13           | 2013-14           | 2014-15           | 2015-16 (as on 17.11.2015) |
| 1       | Andhra Pradesh           | 141049.46         | 174715.39         | 154566.68         | 44702.95                   |
| 2       | Arunachal Pradesh        | 43764.67          | 19261.85          | 33607.83          | 11549.11                   |
| 3       | Assam                    | 130881.60         | 131820.73         | 97782.17          | 61985.94                   |
| 4       | Bihar                    | 275462.25         | 261013.11         | 216336.05         | 174379.03                  |
| 5       | Chhattisgarh             | 85015.73          | 76699.64          | 92705.34          | 46851.63                   |
| 6       | Goa                      | 1013.04           | 1333.57           | 1310.38           | 560.36                     |
| 7       | Gujarat                  | 113918.08         | 80559.63          | 78476.48          | 45196.01                   |
| 8       | Haryana                  | 33810.35          | 35088.42          | 42110.65          | 26816.32                   |
| 9       | Himachal Pradesh         | 10737.30          | 11453.10          | 12547.30          | 8529.54                    |
| 10      | Jammu &Kashmir           | 50805.85          | 89143.50          | 51276.51          | 46008.43                   |
| 11      | Jharkhand                | 56183.87          | 45010.71          | 75775.18          | 38631.98                   |
| 12      | Karnataka                | 68450.58          | 65371.33          | 66213.52          | 15056.64                   |
| 13      | Kerala                   | 13449.14          | 20800.66          | 21844.02          | 6289.18                    |
| 14      | Madhya Pradesh           | 135343.30         | 200408.56         | 149094.91         | 62928.25                   |
| 15      | Maharashtra              | 106854.62         | 65653.65          | 58288.54          | 25993.98                   |
| 16      | Manipur                  | 17362.44          | 13193.93          | 21465.80          | 3526.43                    |
| 17      | Meghalaya                | 18670.78          | 28340.86          | 20404.51          | 5005.32                    |
| 18      | Mizoram                  | 15317.60          | 10657.69          | 14739.69          | 6189.83                    |
| 19      | Nagaland                 | 11231.95          | 15803.02          | 20568.72          | 0.00                       |
| 20      | Odisha                   | 104307.62         | 73956.08          | 66695.31          | 59829.94                   |
| 21      | Punjab                   | 49472.68          | 38323.72          | 36215.98          | 16931.92                   |
| 22      | Rajasthan                | 153520.11         | 242488.70         | 248041.55         | 125653.40                  |
| 23      | Sikkim                   | 2693.85           | 4195.08           | 4526.13           | 2138.81                    |
| 24      | Tamil Nadu               | 71637.13          | 96827.48          | 135819.79         | 55209.42                   |
| 25      | Telangana                |                   | -                 | 81406.88          | 5116.38                    |
| 26      | Tripura                  | - 12010.11        | 15991.09          | 19800.13          | 11389.00                   |
| 27      | Uttar Pradesh            | 375476.26         | 466698.04         | 449867.53         | 347261.98                  |
| 28      | Uttarakhand              | 17941.10          | 22043.51          | 22880.56          | 10263.48                   |
| 29      | West Bengal              | 258056.58         | 153196.42         | 97240.30          | 52202.46                   |
| 30      | Andaman& Nicobar Islands | 1089.28           | 612.35            | 147.21            | 0.00                       |
| 31      | Chandigarh               | 1772.64           | 3009.26           | 3893.53           | 1286.12                    |
| 32      | Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | 652.76            | 927.19            | 911.74            | 462.00                     |
| 33      | Daman &Diu               | 433.12            | 145.54            | 72.77             | 78.38                      |
| 34      | Delhi                    | 4293.24           | 8322.82           | 6223.73           | 3184.24                    |
| 35      | Lakshadweep              | 57.62             | 0.00              | 58.83             | 33.55                      |
| 36      | Puducherry               | 918.91            | 443.19            | 100.00            | 94.60                      |
|         | Total                    | 2383655.62        | 2473509.82        | 2403016.25        | 1321336.61                 |