Lok Sabha Question No. 2620 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-08-02
Subject: Deaths due to Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2620

TO BE ANSWERED ON 02.08.2016

## Deaths due to Pollution

## 2620. SHRI JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a)  the  number of deaths across the  country recorded due to indoor and outdoor air pollution during  the  last  three  years  along  with  the  amount  spent  by  the  Government  on  air  pollution related diseases/health problems during the said period, State- wise;
- (b)  whether Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in the world and if so, the details thereof along with a comparison of Delhi's PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels with five other most polluted cities in the world;
- (c)  the  measures  taken  by  the  Government  to  check  indoor/outdoor  pollution  particularly  in Delhi; and
- (d) the budgetary allocations made therefor, State wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI ANIL MADHAV DAVE)

- (a) There are no conclusive data available across the country to establish direct correlation of death exclusively due to indoor and outdoor air pollution. The details of funds released to various monitoring agencies under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) for air pollution monitoring during  2012-2016 are given at Annexure-I.
- (b)  The  World  Health  Organization  (WHO)  in  its  report  'WHO's  Ambient  Air  Pollution database-Update 2014' which  presented ambient air pollution data for 2010-12 with regard to  particulate  matters  (PM10  and  PM2.5)  for  1600  cities  covering  91  countries  reported  that Delhi  is    among  cities  having  a  high  level  of  air  pollution.  However,  as  per  the  Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the WHO database did not cover all monitoring stations; the  PM10  &  PM2.5  data  are  interpreted  interchangeably  and  that  the  WHO  database recognized the variability of data across the cities and countries in terms of data completeness, sources, period of availability,

methods  of  measurement,  monitoring  locations,  etc.  The  ambient  air  quality  monitoring carried out by CPCB for 13 Indian cities during 2010-2015, which is given at Annexure-II, infers that WHO data  for most of the Indian cities do not match with CPCB monitored data and  keeping these factors in view, comparison among cities and ranking of cities may not be reasonable.

(c)  Steps  taken  by  the  Government  to  reduce  air  pollution  in  the  country  include  the following:-

- (i) Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards;
- (ii) Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes;
- (iii) Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air quality;
- (iv) Introduction of cleaner / alternate fuels like gaseous fuel (CNG, LPG etc.), ethanol blend etc.;
- (v) Promotion of cleaner production processes.
- (vi) Launching of National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015;
- (vii) Implementation  of  Bharat  Stage  IV  (BS-IV)  norms  in  63  selected  cities  and universalization of BS-IV by 2017;
- (viii) Decision  taken  to  leapfrog  directly  from  BS-IV  to  BS-VI  fuel  standards  by  1st April, 2020;
- (ix) Taxing polluting vehicles and incentivizing hybrid and electric vehicles;
- (x) Comprehensive  amendments  to  various  Waste  Management  Rules  including Municipal Solid Waste, Plastic Waste, Hazardous Waste, Bio-medical Waste and Electronic Waste notified;
- (xi) Notification of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules;
- (xii) Ban on burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste;
- (xiii) Promotion of public transport network of metro, buses, e-rickshaws and promotion  of  car  pooling,  Pollution  Under  Control,  lane  discipline,  vehicle maintenance;
- (xiv) Revision  of  existing  environmental  standards  and  formulation  of  new  standards for prevention and control of pollution from industries;
- (xv) Regular  co-ordination  meetings  at  official  and  ministerial  level  with  Delhi  and other State Governments within the NCR;
- (xvi) Issuance of directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and under Section 18(1)(b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
- (xvii) Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries.

(d)  The details of funds released to various monitoring agencies under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) for air pollution monitoring during  2012-2016 are given at Annexure-I.

*****

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARA (A) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2620  FOR  02.08.2016  REGARDING  DEATHS  DUE  TO  AIR  POLLUTION     RAISED  BY  SHRI JANARDAN SINGH  SIGRIWAL.

## Details of Payment Released to Various Monitoring Agencies under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) till January 2016

| S.No.   | Name of Monitoring Agency   | 2012-13 (Amount in Rs.)   | 2013-14 (Amount in Rs.)   | 2014-15 (Amount in Rs.)   | 2015-16 (Amount in Rs.) till Jan. 2016   |
|---------|-----------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|------------------------------------------|
|         | Andhra Pradesh SPCB         | 9365000                   | 8450000                   | 7666250                   | -                                        |
|         | Assam SPCB                  | 2920000                   | 8690000                   | 7842500                   | -                                        |
|         | Chandigarh PCC              | 248333                    | 1986667                   | -                         | -                                        |
|         | Chattisgarh ECB             | 1373750                   | -                         | -                         | 1526250                                  |
|         | Gujarat SPCB                | 805000                    | 3809583                   | -                         | -                                        |
|         | Goa SPCB                    | 9248000                   | 8882500                   | 7125000                   | 7789333                                  |
|         | Jharkhand SPCB              | 1960000                   | -                         | -                         | -                                        |
|         | Himachal Pradesh SEP& PCB   | 3480000                   | 5578333                   | -                         | 10128333                                 |
|         | Karnataka SPCB              | 2867500                   | -                         | 354167                    | 6749583                                  |
|         | Kerala SPCB                 | 3808333                   | -                         | 6474167                   | -                                        |
|         | Maharashtra SPCB            | 9428750                   | 7467083                   | -                         | 16316919                                 |
|         | Meghalaya SPCB              | 2496667                   | 2297500                   | -                         | 7845833                                  |
|         | Madhya Pradesh SPCB         | 5153583                   | -                         | -                         | 7984417                                  |
|         | Mizoram SPCB                | 472500                    | 5931667                   | 1765000                   | 5413333                                  |
|         | Nagaland SPCB               | 793333                    | 1360000                   | 906667                    | -                                        |
|         | Orissa SPCB                 | 3956417                   | -                         | 5734583                   | -                                        |
|         | Punjab SPCB                 | -                         | -                         | 7795417                   | -                                        |
|         | Pondicherry PCC             | 1266000                   | -                         | -                         | -                                        |
|         | Rajasthan SPCB              | 4788750                   | -                         | -                         | 4218750                                  |
|         | Tamil Nadu SPCB             | 5327000                   | 4399166                   | 2358333                   | -                                        |
|         | Uttar Pradesh SPCB          | 4150000                   | 9586667                   | -                         | 7263333                                  |
|         | Uttarakhand EP&PCB          | -                         | 3694334                   | -                         | 4085833                                  |
|         | NEERI                       | 4860000                   | -                         | 7047000                   | 10800000                                 |
|         | IIT Kanpur                  | 458366                    | 450000                    | 3709378                   | -                                        |
|         | Total =                     | 79227282                  | 72583500                  | 58778462                  | 90121917                                 |

Note:- SPCB - State Pollution Control Board, SEP&PCB - State Environment Protection & Pollution Control  Board,  EP&  PCB  -  Environment  Protection  &  Pollution  Control  Board,  PCC  -  Pollution Control Committee. NEERI is at present monitoring in 6 cities in 5 different states/Union territories namely Delhi, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARA (B) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2620 FOR 02.08.2016 REGARDING DEATHS DUE TO AIR POLLUTION    RAISED BY SHRI JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL .

## STATUS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DURING THE YEARS 2010 TO 2015 (All concentration are in µg/m 3 )

|        |                |              | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   | CPCB monitored Data WHOData   |             |             |
|--------|----------------|--------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------|-------------|
| S. No. | State          | City/station | 2010                          | 2010                          | 2011                          | 2011                          | 2012                          | 2012                          | 2013                          | 2013                          | 2014                          | 2014                          | 2015                          | 2015                          | 2010 - 2012                   | 2010 - 2012 | 2010 - 2012 |
|        |                |              | PM 10                         | PM 2.5                        | PM 10                         | PM 2.5                        | PM 10                         | PM 2.5                        | PM 10                         | PM 2.5                        | PM 10                         | PM 2.5                        | PM 10                         | PM 2.5                        | PM 10                         | PM 2.5      |             |
| 1.     | Uttar Pradesh  | Agra         | 185                           | -                             | 165                           | -                             | 196                           | -                             | 184                           | -                             | 182                           | -                             | 191                           | -                             | 200*                          | 88#         |             |
| 2.     | Gujarat        | Ahmedabad    | 95                            | -                             | 79                            | -                             | 83                            | -                             | 79                            | -                             | 85                            | 30                            | 86                            | 31                            | 67**                          | 100***      |             |
| 3.     | Uttar Pradesh  | Allahabad    | 218                           | -                             | 260                           | -                             | 317                           | -                             | 235                           | -                             | 250                           | -                             | -                             | -                             | 202*                          | 88#         |             |
| 4.     | Punjab         | Amritsar     | 219                           | -                             | 210                           | -                             | 202                           | -                             | 180                           | -                             | 187                           | -                             | 169                           | -                             | 210***                        | 92#         |             |
| 5.     | Delhi          | Delhi        | 261                           | 89                            | 222                           | 61                            | 237                           | 63                            | 221                           | 73                            | 215                           | 80                            | 221                           | 95                            | 286*                          | 153***      |             |
| 6.     | Uttar Pradesh  | Firozabad    | -                             | -                             | 371                           | -                             | 212                           | -                             | 246                           | -                             | 149                           | -                             | -                             | -                             | 219*                          | 96#         |             |
| 7.     | Madhya Pradesh | Gwalior      | 308                           | -                             | 309                           | -                             | 329                           | -                             | 285                           | -                             | 144                           | 87                            | -                             | -                             | 329***                        | 144#        |             |
| 8.     | Uttar Pradesh  | Kanpur       | 203                           | -                             | 184                           | -                             | 215                           | -                             | 201                           | -                             | 199                           | -                             | -                             | -                             | 212*                          | 93#         |             |
| 9.     | Punjab         | Khanna       | 231                           | -                             | 237                           | -                             | 213                           | -                             | 183                           | -                             | 160                           | -                             | -                             | -                             | 200***                        | 88#         |             |
| 10.    | Uttar Pradesh  | Lucknow      | 204                           | -                             | 189                           | -                             | 211                           | -                             | 192                           | -                             | 175                           | -                             | 169                           |                               | 219*                          | 96#         |             |
| 11.    | Punjab         | Ludhiana     | 214                           | -                             | 221                           | -                             | 228                           | -                             | 204                           | -                             | 152                           | -                             | 139                           | -                             | 207***                        | 91#         |             |
| 12.    | Bihar          | Patna        | 181                           | -                             | 174                           | -                             | 166                           | -                             | -                             | -                             | -                             | -                             | -                             | -                             | 164**                         | 149***      |             |
| 13.    | Chattisgarh    | Raipur       | 289                           | -                             | 293                           | -                             | 268                           | -                             | 305                           | -                             | 329                           | -                             | 186                           | -                             | 305***                        | 134#        |             |

Note: '-' Data not available; Calculation for 2015 as per data available on date;

National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Residential, Industrial, Rural and others Areas (Annual average) PM10 = 60 µg/m 3 and PM2.5 =40 µg/m 3 ;

*- WHO data for the year 2010;

**- WHO data for the year 2011;

***-WHO data for the year 2012;

#-Calculated data for PM2.5 on the basis of PM10 data (National conversion factor if available, regional conversion factor otherwise);