Lok Sabha Question No. 786 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-12-04
Subject: Preservation of Tribal Culture
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: Shri Chintamani Maharaj

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 786

TO BE ANSWERED ON 04.12.2025

## PRESERVATION OF TRIBAL CULTURE

## 786. SHRI CHINTAMANI MAHARAJ:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  formulated  any  policy  for  the  preservation  of  tribal  culture, traditions and customs and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether cultural traditions and customs are being permanently destroyed through religious conversion in tribal areas, if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether there is any proposal to take steps to preserve tribal cultural traditions and customs by banning religious conversion; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof and if not, whether it is likely to be considered?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SHRI DURGADAS UIKEY)

(a) to (d): Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India under the Centrally Sponsored scheme 'Support to Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs)' extends financial support to 29 Tribal Research Institutes  (TRIs)  in  States/Union  Territories  (UTs)  on  the  basis  of  the  Annual  Action  Plan submitted  by  the  States/UTs  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Apex  Committee  chaired  by  the Secretary, Ministry of Tribal Affairs. Under the scheme, proposals relating to, inter-alia research & documentation activities and training & capacity building programmes, organization of tribal festivals,  yatras  for  promotion  of  unique  cultural  heritage  and  tourism  and  organisation  of exchange visits by tribals are organised so that their cultural practices, languages and rituals are preserved and disseminated. TRIs are primarily institutions under the administrative control of the State Government/UT Administration. Under the scheme, funds are also provided for/to:

- i. Publishing Varnamala, local rhymes, and stories in tribal languages.
- ii. Publishing books, journals on different tribal languages to promote tribal literature.
- iii. Translation  and  publication  of  Training  module  about  Sickle  cell  Anaemia  disease Awareness  and  Counselling  Modules  and  Diagnosis  &  Treatment  Module  and  other Information, Education and Communication (IEC) material in relevant Tribal languages/Dialects.

Moreover, as informed, for the promotion of endangered/tribal languages, a project 'Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)' has been initiated by the Ministry of Education under the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysuru in 2013. The Institute with the help of Core Committee identified 117 languages in its first phase to work upon in step wise manner.

SPPEL aims to document the language & culture of the mother tongues/languages of India spoken by less than 10,000 speakers by developing primers, bi/trilingual dictionaries (electronic and print formats), grammatical sketches, pictorial glossaries and ethno-linguistic profile of the community. List of the 117 languages are attached herewith as Annexure I.

Bhasha  Sanchika , the  digital  language  repository  of  the  CIIL,  where  language  preservation, dissemination, and technological advancement converge in a pioneering initiative. The primary objectives of the archive portal is to provide Indian linguistic resources in diverse formats - text, image, audio, and video; Aiding in creating language technology resources, language pedagogy materials, and other language-related products and services. Kindly see Annexure II , the language covered under Sanchika. The details available in the following link: https://sanchika.ciil.org/home

CIIL, in collaboration with NCERT, has developed 128 Primers for 116 Indian languages. Out of which,  119  primers  for  110  Indian  languages  have  been  released  by  the  Ministry.  Kindly  see Annexure III. The details are available in the following link: https://ciil.org/primers\_book.

## Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)

## List of Endangered Languages Zone-wise

|   Sl. No. | Languages / MTs       | Zone              |
|-----------|-----------------------|-------------------|
|         1 | LAMONGSE              | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         2 | LURO                  | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         3 | MOUT                  | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         4 | ONGE                  | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         5 | PU                    | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         6 | SANENYO               | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         7 | SENTILESE             | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         8 | SHOMPEN               | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         9 | TAKAHANYILANG         | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|        10 | BHUNJIA               | East Central Zone |
|        11 | BINJHIA/BIRJIA/BRIJIA | East Central Zone |
|        12 | BIRHOR                | East Central Zone |
|        13 | BODO GADABA/ GUTOB    | East Central Zone |
|        14 | BONDO                 | East Central Zone |
|        15 | DHIMAL                | East Central Zone |
|        16 | DIDAYI / GATA         | East Central Zone |
|        17 | GORUM                 | East Central Zone |
|        18 | HOLIYA                | East Central Zone |
|        19 | MANDA                 | East Central Zone |
|        20 | MRU                   | East Central Zone |
|        21 | PARENGA               | East Central Zone |
|        22 | THARUA                | East Central Zone |
|        23 | THOTI                 | East Central Zone |
|        24 | TOTO                  | East Central Zone |
|        25 | AIMOL                 | North East Zone   |
|        26 | ATONG                 | North East Zone   |
|        27 | BAGI                  | North East Zone   |

|   28 | BAITE/ BIATE   | North East Zone   |
|------|----------------|-------------------|
|   29 | BANGRO         | North East Zone   |
|   30 | BAWM           | North East Zone   |
|   31 | CHINZ / ZYPHE  | North East Zone   |
|   32 | CHIRU          | North East Zone   |
|   33 | CHOTHE         | North East Zone   |
|   34 | DARLONG        | North East Zone   |
|   35 | DIRANG MONPA   | North East Zone   |
|   36 | GURUNG         | North East Zone   |
|   37 | KAGATE         | North East Zone   |

|   Sl. No. | Languages / MTs     | Zone            |
|-----------|---------------------|-----------------|
|        38 | KAMI / KHAMI        | North East Zone |
|        39 | KHAMBA              | North East Zone |
|        40 | KHAMIYANG           | North East Zone |
|        41 | KHAMPTI             | North East Zone |
|        42 | KOIRENG             | North East Zone |
|        43 | KOMKAR              | North East Zone |
|        44 | KONGBO              | North East Zone |
|        45 | LAMGANG             | North East Zone |
|        46 | LIJU                | North East Zone |
|        47 | MARA                | North East Zone |
|        48 | MEYOR /ZAKHRING     | North East Zone |
|        49 | MOYON               | North East Zone |
|        50 | MUKHIYA/ SUNUWAR    | North East Zone |
|        51 | NAA                 | North East Zone |
|        52 | NEWAR / PRADHAN     | North East Zone |
|        53 | NEWARI              | North East Zone |
|        54 | PHAKIAL / TAI PHAKE | North East Zone |
|        55 | PUROIK / SULUNG     | North East Zone |
|        56 | PURUM               | North East Zone |
|        57 | RALTE               | North East Zone |

|   58 | RANGLONG         | North East Zone   |
|------|------------------|-------------------|
|   59 | SHERDUKPEN       | North East Zone   |
|   60 | SIMONG           | North East Zone   |
|   61 | SINGPHO          | North East Zone   |
|   62 | TANGAM           | North East Zone   |
|   63 | TARAO            | North East Zone   |
|   64 | THAPA            | North East Zone   |
|   65 | UCHAI            | North East Zone   |
|   66 | YOBIN/YOBIN LIJU | North East Zone   |
|   67 | ZAKHRING         | North East Zone   |
|   68 | CHINALI          | Northern Zone     |
|   69 | DARMIYA          | Northern Zone     |
|   70 | GAHRI            | Northern Zone     |
|   71 | JAD              | Northern Zone     |
|   72 | JANGALI          | Northern Zone     |
|   73 | JANGSHUNG        | Northern Zone     |
|   74 | KANASHI / MALANI | Northern Zone     |
|   75 | RONGPO           | Northern Zone     |
|   76 | SPITI            | Northern Zone     |
|   77 | BALASTIN         | Northern Zone     |
|   78 | BATERI           | Northern Zone     |
|   79 | BEDA             | Northern Zone     |

|   Sl. No. | Languages / MTs   | Zone          |
|-----------|-------------------|---------------|
|        80 | BHADRALIAM        | Northern Zone |
|        81 | DARGARI           | Northern Zone |
|        82 | GOJAPURI          | Northern Zone |
|        83 | HASSADI           | Northern Zone |
|        84 | KHANA             | Northern Zone |
|        85 | KHASHA/KHASH      | Northern Zone |
|        86 | KUSHWAHI          | Northern Zone |
|        87 | MASIDI            | Northern Zone |

|   88 | MESHABI          | Northern Zone     |
|------|------------------|-------------------|
|   89 | PADDARI          | Northern Zone     |
|   90 | SIAN             | Northern Zone     |
|   91 | SIRAM            | Northern Zone     |
|   92 | TEHGUL           | Northern Zone     |
|   93 | ARANDAN          | Southern Zone     |
|   94 | ERAVALLAN        | Southern Zone     |
|   95 | HAKKIPIKKI       | Southern Zone     |
|   96 | JENUKURUMBA      | Southern Zone     |
|   97 | KADAR            | Southern Zone     |
|   98 | KANIKER GOTTI    | Southern Zone     |
|   99 | KUTIYA           | Southern Zone     |
|  100 | MALAIMALASAR     | Southern Zone     |
|  101 | MALASAR          | Southern Zone     |
|  102 | MALAYAN          | Southern Zone     |
|  103 | MANNAN           | Southern Zone     |
|  104 | MOOPAN           | Southern Zone     |
|  105 | MUDUGA           | Southern Zone     |
|  106 | MUDUVAN          | Southern Zone     |
|  107 | PALIYA           | Southern Zone     |
|  108 | PULIYA           | Southern Zone     |
|  109 | SIDDI            | Southern Zone     |
|  110 | SOLIGA           | Southern Zone     |
|  111 | TODA             | Southern Zone     |
|  112 | URALI            | Southern Zone     |
|  113 | BARADI           | West Central Zone |
|  114 | BHALA            | West Central Zone |
|  115 | BHARWAD/BHARWADI | West Central Zone |
|  116 | DIWEHI           | West Central Zone |
|  117 | NIHALI           | West Central Zone |

## Bhasha Sanchika

## List of Languages

|   Sl.No. | Language       |
|----------|----------------|
|        1 | Aimol          |
|        2 | Ao Mongsen     |
|        3 | Aranadan       |
|        4 | Atong          |
|        5 | Beda           |
|        6 | Betta Kuruba   |
|        7 | Bhadralium     |
|        8 | Bharwad        |
|        9 | Bhunjia        |
|       10 | Biate          |
|       11 | Birhor         |
|       12 | Birjia         |
|       13 | Bondo          |
|       14 | Car Nicobarese |
|       15 | Chinali        |
|       16 | Chiru          |
|       17 | Chothe         |
|       18 | Darlong        |
|       19 | Darma          |
|       20 | Dhimal         |
|       21 | Didayi         |
|       22 | Dirang Monpa   |
|       23 | Eravallan      |
|       24 | Gahri          |
|       25 | Gojapuri       |
|       26 | Gutob Gadaba   |
|       27 | Gutob-Gadaba   |
|       28 | Hakkipikki     |
|       29 | Hassadi        |
|       30 | Holiya         |

|   31 | Jad         |
|------|-------------|
|   32 | Jenu Kuruba |
|   33 | Juang       |
|   34 | Khamba      |
|   35 | Khamiyang   |
|   36 | Khana       |
|   37 | Khash       |
|   38 | Kudiya      |
|   39 | Kui         |
|   40 | Lamkang     |
|   41 | Luro        |
|   42 | Malasar     |
|   43 | Malayan     |
|   44 | Manda       |
|   45 | Meshabi     |
|   46 | Moyon       |
|   47 | Muduga      |
|   48 | Nancowry    |
|   49 | Newari      |
|   50 | Paddari     |
|   51 | Palliyar    |
|   52 | Parenga     |
|   53 | Purum       |
|   54 | Ranglong    |
|   55 | Rongpo      |
|   56 | Saihriem    |
|   57 | Sanenyo     |
|   58 | Sherdukpen  |
|   59 | Shina       |
|   60 | Siddi       |
|   61 | Simong      |
|   62 | Singhpo     |
|   63 | Siram       |
|   64 | Soliga      |
|   65 | Sora        |

|   66 | Spiti              |
|------|--------------------|
|   67 | Tai Phake          |
|   68 | Tangkhul           |
|   69 | Thachanadan Moopan |
|   70 | Tharua             |
|   71 | Thoti              |
|   72 | Toda               |
|   73 | Toto               |
|   74 | Uchoi              |
|   75 | Urali              |
|   76 | Yimkhiung          |

## Annexure III

## List of CIIL-NCERT Indian language primers (Language wise)

Date: Nov 12, 2025

|   SN | Primer name                   |   SN | Language name        | ISBN              |
|------|-------------------------------|------|----------------------|-------------------|
|    1 | Adi Primer                    |    1 | Adi                  | 978-81-19411-41-2 |
|    2 | Anal Primer                   |    2 | Anal                 | 978-81-970852-4-6 |
|    3 | Angami Primer                 |    3 | Angami               | 978-81-19411-37-5 |
|    4 | Ao Primer                     |    4 | Ao                   | 978-81-19411-22-1 |
|    5 | Assamese Primer               |    5 | Assamese             | 978-81-19411-72-6 |
|    6 | Balti Primer                  |    6 | Balti                | 978-81-973948-9-8 |
|    7 | Bengali Primer                |    7 | Bengali              | 978-81-970852-9-1 |
|    8 | Bhili (Vasava) Primer         |    8 | Bhili (Vasava)       | 978-81-970769-4-7 |
|    9 | Bhili (Wagdi) Primer          |    8 | Bhili (Wagdi)        | 978-81-977586-3-8 |
|   10 | Bhumij Primer                 |    9 | Bhumij               | 978-81-977442-6-6 |
|   11 | Bhutia Primer                 |   10 | Bhutia               | 978-81-19411-17-7 |
|   12 | Bishnupriya Manipuri Primer   |   11 | Bishnupriya Manipuri | 978-81-19411-59-7 |
|   13 | Bodo Primer                   |   12 | Bodo                 | 978-81-19411-97-9 |
|   14 | Chang Primer                  |   13 | Chang                | 978-81-972541-9-2 |
|   15 | Chokri Primer                 |   14 | Chokri               | 978-81-971148-1-6 |
|   16 | Deori Primer                  |   15 | Deori                | 978-81-19411-44-3 |
|   17 | Dimasa Primer                 |   16 | Dimasa               | 978-81-19411-77-1 |
|   18 | Dogri Primer                  |   17 | Dogri                | 978-81-970852-1-5 |
|   19 | Gadaba (Gutob) Primer         |   18 | Gadaba (Gutob)       | 978-81-19411-47-4 |
|   20 | Gangte Primer (Not Published) |   19 | Gangte               | 978-81-973948-6-7 |
|   21 | Garo Primer                   |   20 | Garo                 | 978-81-970769-6-1 |
|   22 | Gondi-Odia Primer             |   21 | Gondi                | 978-81-977442-7-3 |
|   23 | Gondi-Telugu Primer           |   21 | Gondi                | 978-81-977442-4-2 |
|   24 | Gujarati Primer               |   22 | Gujarati             | 978-81-970852-5-3 |
|   25 | Halabi (Halbi) Primer         |   23 | Halabi (Halbi)       | 978-81-19411-51-1 |
|   26 | Halam Primer                  |   24 | Halam                | 978-81-971106-7-2 |

|   27. | Hindi Primer                        |   25. | Hindi           | 978-81-970852-0-8   |
|-------|-------------------------------------|-------|-----------------|---------------------|
|    28 | Hmar Primer                         |    26 | Hmar            | 978-81-19411-25-2   |
|    29 | Ho-Hindi Primer                     |    27 | Ho              | 978-81-977442-0-4   |
|    30 | Ho-Odia Primer                      |    27 | Ho              | 978-81-973948-8-1   |
|    31 | Idu Mishmi Primer                   |    28 | Idu Mishmi      | 978-81-19411-66-5   |
|    32 | Jatapu (Kuvi) Primer                |    29 | Jatapu (Kuvi)   | 978-81-19411-27-6   |
|    33 | Juang Primer                        |    30 | Juang           | 978-81-19411-57-3   |
|    34 | Kabui (Rongmei) Primer              |    31 | Kabui (Rongmei) | 978-81-19411-42-9   |
|    35 | Kandha (Khond) Primer               |    32 | Kandha (Khond)  | 978-81-977586-5-2   |
|    36 | Kannada Primer                      |    33 | Kannada         | 978-81-970852-6-0   |
|    37 | Karbi Primer                        |    34 | Karbi           | 978-81-19411-67-2   |
|    38 | Kashmiri (Devanagari) Primer        |    35 | Kashmiri        | 978-81-970852-3-9   |
|    39 | Kashmiri (Perso-Arabic) Primer      |    35 | Kashmiri        | 978-81-977586-0-7   |
|    40 | Khandeshi Primer                    |    36 | Khandeshi       | 978-81-19411-86-3   |
|    41 | Kharia Primer                       |    37 | Kharia          | 978-81-19411-30-6   |
|    42 | Khasi Primer                        |    38 | Khasi           | 978-81-971148-9-2   |
|    43 | Khiamniungan Primer                 |    39 | Khiamniungan    | 978-81-972541-4-7   |
|    44 | Kinnauri Primer                     |    40 | Kinnauri        | 978-81-19411-75-7   |
|    45 | Kisan (Kunhu) Primer                |    41 | Kisan (Kunhu)   | 978-81-19411-52-8   |
|    46 | Koch Primer                         |    42 | Koch            | 978-81-19411-40-5   |
|    47 | Koda (Kora) Primer                  |    43 | Koda (Kora)     | 978-81-977442-1-1   |
|    48 | Kodava Primer                       |    44 | Kodava          | 978-81-19411-83-2   |
|    49 | Kokborok Primer (B) (Not Published) |    45 | Kokborok        | 978-81-971148-4-7   |
|    50 | Kokborok Primer (R) (Not Published) |    45 | Kokborok        | 978-81-19411-45-0   |
|    51 | Kolami Primer                       |    46 | Kolami          | 978-81-970769-0-9   |
|    52 | Kolami-Telugu Primer                |    46 | Kolami          | 978-81-977442-5-9   |
|    53 | Kom Primer                          |    47 | Kom             | 978-81-971148-7-8   |
|    54 | Konda Primer                        |    48 | Konda           | 978-81-19411-79-5   |
|    55 | Konkani Primer                      |    49 | Konkani         | 978-81-970852-2-2   |
|    56 | Konyak Primer                       |    50 | Konyak          | 978-81-972541-1-6   |
|    57 | Korku Primer                        |    51 | Korku           | 978-81-970769-9-2   |

|   58. | Korwa Primer                           |   52. | Korwa             | 978-81-970769-8-5   |
|-------|----------------------------------------|-------|-------------------|---------------------|
|    59 | Koya Primer                            |    53 | Koya              | 978-81-19411-65-8   |
|    60 | Kui Primer                             |    54 | Kui               | 978-81-19411-93-1   |
|    61 | Kuki Primer                            |    55 | Kuki              | 978-81-970769-3-0   |
|    62 | Kurukh Primer                          |    56 | Kurukh            | 978-81-19411-49-8   |
|    63 | Kuzhale (Khezha) Primer                |    57 | Kuzhale (Khezha)  | 978-81-19411-73-3   |
|    64 | Ladakhi Primer                         |    58 | Ladakhi           | 978-81-973948-4-3   |
|    65 | Lahauli (Pattani) Primer               |    59 | Lahauli (Pattani) | 978-81-977442-2-8   |
|    66 | Lai (Pawi) Primer                      |    60 | Lai (Pawi)        | 978-81-972541-0-9   |
|    67 | Lepcha Primer                          |    61 | Lepcha            | 978-81-19411-60-3   |
|    68 | Liangmai Primer                        |    62 | Liangmai          | 978-81-19411-46-7   |
|    69 | Limbu Primer                           |    63 | Limbu             | 978-81-19411-94-8   |
|    70 | Lotha Primer                           |    64 | Lotha             | 978-81-19411-50-4   |
|    71 | Maithili Primer                        |    65 | Maithili          | 978-81-971106-5-8   |
|    72 | Malayalam Primer                       |    66 | Malayalam         | 978-81-971106-2-7   |
|    73 | Malto Primer                           |    67 | Malto             | 978-81-977586-4-5   |
|    74 | Manipuri Primer                        |    68 | Manipuri          | 978-81-19411-24-5   |
|    75 | Mao Primer                             |    69 | Mao               | 978-81-19411-18-4   |
|    76 | Mara (Lakher) Primer                   |    70 | Mara (Lakher)     | 978-81-972541-6-1   |
|    77 | Maram Primer                           |    71 | Maram             | 978-81-971148-0-9   |
|    78 | Marathi Primer                         |    72 | Marathi           | 978-81-971106-1-0   |
|    79 | Maring Primer                          |    73 | Maring            | 978-81-971148-5-4   |
|    80 | Mising Primer                          |    74 | Mising            | 978-81-19411-68-9   |
|    81 | Mizo Primer                            |    75 | Mizo              | 978-81-19411-70-2   |
|    82 | Mogh Primer                            |    76 | Mogh              | 978-81-19411-71-9   |
|    83 | Monpa Primer                           |    77 | Monpa             | 978-81-971148-8-5   |
|    84 | Munda Primer                           |    78 | Munda             | 978-81-977586-9-0   |
|    85 | Mundari Primer                         |    79 | Mundari           | 978-81-19411-80-1   |
|    86 | Nepali Primer                          |    80 | Nepali            | 978-81-19411-82-5   |
|    87 | Nicobarese: Car Nicobarese (Pū) Primer |    81 | Nicobarese        | 978-81-977586-1-4   |

|   88. | Nicobarese: Nancowry (Mūöt) Primer   |   81. | Nicobarese    | 978-81-977586-7-6   |
|-------|--------------------------------------|-------|---------------|---------------------|
|    89 | Nocte Primer                         |    82 | Nocte         | 978-81-971148-3-0   |
|    90 | Nyishi Primer                        |    83 | Nyishi        | 978-81-19411-85-6   |
|    91 | Odia Primer                          |    84 | Odia          | 978-81-971106-6-5   |
|    92 | Paite Primer (Not Published)         |    85 | Paite         | 978-81-973948-0-5   |
|    93 | Parji (Durua) Primer                 |    86 | Parji (Durua) | 978-81-977586-8-3   |
|    94 | Pashto Primer                        |    87 | Pashto        | 978-81-973948-1-2   |
|    95 | Phom primer                          |    88 | Phom          | 978-81-971148-2-3   |
|    96 | Pochury Primer                       |    89 | Pochury       | 978-81-972541-8-5   |
|    97 | Punjabi Primer                       |    90 | Punjabi       | 978-81-971106-8-9   |
|    98 | Rabha Primer                         |    91 | Rabha         | 978-81-19411-23-8   |
|    99 | Rai Primer                           |    92 | Rai           | 978-81-19411-29-0   |
|   100 | Rengma Primer                        |    93 | Rengma        | 978-81-972541-3-0   |
|   101 | Sangtam Primer                       |    94 | Sangtam       | 978-81-972541-2-3   |
|   102 | Sanskrit Primer                      |    95 | Sanskrit      | 978-81-970852-7-7   |
|   103 | Santali-Bengali Primer               |    96 | Santali       | 978-81-970769-5-4   |
|   104 | Santali-Hindi Primer                 |    96 | Santali       | 978-81-970852-8-4   |
|   105 | Santali-Odia Primer                  |    96 | Santali       | 978-81-970769-1-6   |
|   106 | Savara (Sora) Primer                 |    97 | Savara (Sora) | 978-81-19411-81-8   |
|   107 | Sherpa Primer                        |    98 | Sherpa        | 978-81-19411-39-9   |
|   108 | Shina Primer                         |    99 | Shina         | 978-81-973948-7-4   |
|   109 | Sindhi (Devanagari) Primer           |   100 | Sindhi        | 978-81-971106-9-6   |
|   110 | Sindhi (Perso-Arabic) Primer         |   100 | Sindhi        | 978-81-971106-4-1   |
|   111 | Sümi (Sema) Primer                   |   101 | Sümi (Sema)   | 978-81-19411-69-6   |
|   112 | Tamang Primer                        |   102 | Tamang        | 978-81-19411-36-8   |
|   113 | Tamil Primer                         |   103 | Tamil         | 978-81-971106-3-4   |
|   114 | Tangkhul Primer                      |   104 | Tangkhul      | 978-81-19411-61-0   |
|   115 | Tangsa Primer                        |   105 | Tangsa        | 978-81-970769-7-8   |
|   116 | Telugu Primer                        |   106 | Telugu        | 978-81-971106-0-3   |
|   117 | Thadou-Kuki Primer (Not Published)   |   107 | Thadou-Kuki   | 978-81-972541-7-8   |
|   118 | Tibetan Primer                       |   108 | Tibetan       | 978-81-973948-3-6   |

|   119. | Tiwa (Lalung) Primer           | 109.   | Tiwa      | 978-81-19411-63-4   |
|--------|--------------------------------|--------|-----------|---------------------|
|    120 | Tulu Primer                    | 110.   | Tulu      | 978-81-19411-21-4   |
|    121 | Urdu Primer                    | 111.   | Urdu      | 978-81-970769-2-3   |
|    122 | Vaiphei Primer (Not Published) | 112.   | Vaiphei   | 978-81-973948-5-0   |
|    123 | Wancho Primer                  | 113.   | Wancho    | 978-81-19411-15-3   |
|    124 | Yimkhiung Primer               | 114.   | Yimkhiung | 978-81-971148-6-1   |
|    125 | Zeme Primer                    | 115.   | Zeme      | 978-81-972541-5-4   |
|    126 | Zeme-Manipuri Primer           | 115,   | Zeme      | ………………….            |
|    127 | Zou Primer (Not Published)     | 116.   | Zou       | 978-81-973948-2-9   |

* 127 CIIL-NCERT Primers for 116 Indian languages. ** 119 primers for 110 Indian languages published and released. *** 7 primers for 6 Indian languages developed but not published and released.

- **** Zeme-Manipuri Primer is going to be developed in a workshop from Nov 17 to 22, 2025 at CIIL, Mysuru.

*****