Lok Sabha Question No. 3148 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-03-11
Subject: Public and Private Spending on R&D
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Shri Rao Rajendra Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3148 ANSWERED ON 11/03/2026

## PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPENDING ON R&D

## 3148. SHRI RAO RAJENDRA SINGH:

Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of public spending on research and development during the last five years;
- (b) whether  the  Government  is  taking  any  steps  to  encourage  public institutions to spend more on research and development in their respective domains and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) whether similar initiatives are also being taken to encourage private players to invest in research and development and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) The  public  spending  on  research  and  development  by  the  6  major scientific departments/agencies during the last five years is as below:

(Rs. Crore)

| Department                                                                                 |   2020-21 |   2021-22 |   2022-23 |   2023-24 |   2024-25* |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|------------|
| Department of Science & Technology (DST)                                                   |   4893.56 |   5140.26 |   4436.26 |   4002.67 |    5661.45 |
| Department of Scientific & Industrial Research/ Council of Scientific Research (DSIR/CSIR) |   4198.82 |   5122.99 |   5852.14 |   6088.57 |    6350.54 |
| Department of Bio- Technology (DBT)                                                        |   2259.1  |   2850.73 |   2044.74 |   1467.34 |    2460.13 |
| Department of Space (DOS)                                                                  |   9474.41 |  12473.8  |  10139.4  |  10704.1  |   11725.8  |

| Department                               |   2020-21 |   2021-22 |   2022-23 |   2023-24 |   2024-25* |
|------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|------------|
| Department of Atomic Energy (R&D Sector) |   5913.91 |   6111.46 |   7006.76 |   7337.42 |    9226.66 |
| Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)        |   1274.54 |   2184.43 |   1568.86 |   2394.56 |    3632.78 |
| Total                                    |  28014.3  |  33883.7  |  31048.2  |  31994.6  |   39057.3  |

Source: Demand for Grants of Central Government, Expenditure Budget, GoI (Various Years)

*revised estimates

(b) to (c): The  Government  is  taking  several  steps  to  encourage Research  and  Development  (R&D)  spending  and  strengthening  research capabilities in both public and private institutions across the country through enhanced funding, institutional reforms and focused mission-mode initiatives. The  key  steps  include:  successive  increase  in  allocations  for  scientific departments; financial assistance to R&D institutions to carry out basic and applied  research  in  the  frontier  and  emerging  areas  of  science  and technology;  creating  avenues  for  collaborative  research  funding  through portfolio-based funding mechanisms such as Public-Private-Partnerships and other  innovative  hybrid  funding  mechanisms;  allowing  corporate  sector  to make R&D investments under the provision of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), including support for incubators, institutional research, and national laboratories; etc. Further, some major initiatives include: launch of ₹1.0 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund to provide financial support to private industries for research and innovation in the critical areas that are vital for national development and global competitiveness; establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) with a  budgetary  provision  of  Rs.  14,000  crore  from  Central  Government  and mobilizing  additional  funding  from  non-governmental  sources;  launch  of National  Missions  such  as  National  Quantum  Missions  (budget  outlay:  Rs. 6,003.65 crore); National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (budget outlay Rs. 3,660 crore), India Semiconductor Mission (budget outlay Rs.  76,000  crore),  National  Supercomputing  Mission;  etc.  Additionally, enabling  policy  frameworks  like  the  Geospatial  Policy  2022,  Space  Policy 2023, and BioE3 Policy 2024 have been introduced to enhance spending in national R&D and drive innovation in critical areas.

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