Lok Sabha Question No. 133 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-01-29
Subject: Procurement of Electricity via Energy Exchanges
Ministry: POWER
Asked by: Shri Dushyant Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF POWER

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.133 ANSWERED ON 29.01.2026

## PROCUREMENT OF ELECTRICITY VIA ENERGY EXCHANGES

## 133.   SHRI DUSHYANT SINGH:

Will the Minister of POWER be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the mechanism through which power is traded via exchanges in the country along with the process followed for price discovery and the total volume of electricity procured through power exchanges;
- (b) the  details  of  the  average  price  at  which  power  has  been  purchased  through major power exchanges such as Indian Energy Exchange Ltd. (IEX), Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL) and Hindustan Power Exchange Ltd. (HPX) during the last five years, along with a breakdown for both day-time and night-time rates; and
- (c) whether  the  Government  has  envisaged  any  special  incentives,  concessional tariffs or schemes to support emerging industries such as homestays, hospitality units and  MSMEs  with  the  objective  of  reducing  their  energy  costs  and  if  so,  the  details thereof?

## A N S W E R

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF POWER

## (SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK)

- (a) :   Power Exchanges are electronic platforms that facilitate sale and purchase of electricity  in  transparent,  competitive,  and  regulated  manner.  Power  Exchanges  are regulated by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), and the principles governing  price  discovery  for  various  types  of  contracts  are  laid  down  in  the  CERC Power Market Regulations, 2021 as amended from time to time. During FY 2024-25, the total electricity procured through these exchanges was 143.75 Billion Units. The trading on exchanges is done by using different types of contracts using various mechanisms and price discovery processes. Details of the mechanism through which power is traded in exchanges in India, along with the process followed for price discovery, are given at Annexure-I.
- (b) : Details of the weighted average power  purchase prices through  Power Exchanges, along with the corresponding total volumes for the last five years, including a separate break-up of prices for peak and non-peak hours, are provided at Annexure-II.
- (c) : As per the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, the determination of tariffs for various categories of consumers vests with the respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions  (SERCs).  Tariffs  are  determined  after  due  consideration  of  relevant factors, including the protection of consumer interests and the reasonable recovery of the cost of electricity. Further, in accordance with Section 65 of the Electricity Act, 2003, State Governments are empowered to grant subsidies to any class of consumers, to reduce cost of electricity for such consumers.

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ANNEXURE-I ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 133 ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 29.01.2026

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The price discovery process for different types of Contracts are as follows:

| Contract Type                                            | Contract Type                                            | Matching Mechanism for Price Discovery   | Matching Mechanism for Price Discovery   | Matching Mechanism for Price Discovery   |
|----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Integrated-Day Ahead Market                              | Integrated-Day Ahead Market                              | Double-Sided Closed                      | Auction                                  | with                                     |
| Real-Time Market                                         | Real-Time Market                                         | Uniform Price                            |                                          |                                          |
| Intra-Day                                                | Intra-Day                                                | Continuous Matching                      |                                          |                                          |
| Day Ahead Contingency                                    | Day Ahead Contingency                                    |                                          |                                          |                                          |
| Term Ahead Market* - Daily                               |                                                          | Uniform Price Step Auction               |                                          |                                          |
| Term Ahead Market* - Weekly Term Ahead Market* - Monthly | Term Ahead Market* - Weekly Term Ahead Market* - Monthly |                                          |                                          |                                          |
| Term Ahead Market* - Any Day Contracts (ADSS)            | Single Sided                                             | Reverse Auction                          |                                          |                                          |

*Including Green & High Price Term Ahead Market

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ANNEXURE-II

ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY TO PART (b) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 133 ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 29.01.2026

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- i. Details of Price (in Rs. per kWh) in different market segments with total volume for all 3 Power Exchanges (During the Day (24 Hrs.))
- ii. Details of Price (in Rs. per kWh) in different market segments for all 3 Power Exchanges (During the Peak Hours)

| Year                      |   Day Ahead Market |   Green Day Ahead Market | High Price Day Ahead Market   |   Real Time Market |   Term Ahead Market |   Green Term Ahead Market | High Price Term Ahead Market   |   Total Volume (in Billion Units) |
|---------------------------|--------------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------|---------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| 2021-22                   |               4.39 |                     5.29 | -                             |               4.19 |                4.48 |                      4.65 | -                              |                            101.45 |
| 2022-23                   |               5.96 |                     6.5  | -                             |               5.66 |                6.91 |                      6.28 | -                              |                            102.95 |
| 2023-24                   |               5.25 |                     5.81 | 14.41                         |               5.05 |                7.04 |                      5.56 | 14.70                          |                            121.49 |
| 2024-25                   |               4.48 |                     4.09 | 8.81                          |               4.25 |                7.15 |                      4.78 | 15.97                          |                            143.75 |
| 2025-26 (up to Dec- 2025) |               3.89 |                     3.57 | 13.15                         |               3.58 |                6.01 |                      5.03 | 15.44                          |                            124.1  |

| Year                        |   Day Ahead Market |   Green Day Ahead Market | High Price Day Ahead Market   |   Real Time Market |   Term Ahead Market |   Green Term Ahead Market | High Price Term Ahead Market   |
|-----------------------------|--------------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------|---------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|
| 2021- 22*                   |               5.76 |                     6.55 | -                             |               5.4  |                4.55 |                      4.89 | -                              |
| 2022- 23*                   |               7.74 |                     8.29 | -                             |               7.06 |                7.52 |                      6.33 | -                              |
| 2023- 24*                   |               6.81 |                     7.36 | 14.34                         |               6.39 |                7.67 |                      5.72 | 15.09                          |
| 2024- 25#                   |               6.74 |                     6.93 | 8.57                          |               6.06 |                7.88 |                      5.75 | 16.17                          |
| 2025- 26# (up to Dec- 2025) |               6.77 |                     7.17 | 14.40                         |               5.66 |                7.13 |                      5.86 | 15.46                          |

*Peak hours: 17:00 to 23:00 hrs

#Peak hours: 18:00 to 23:00 hrs

iii. Details of Price (in Rs. per kWh) in different market segments for all 3 Power Exchanges (During the Non-Peak Hours)

| Year                      |   Day Ahead Market |   Green Day Ahead Market | High Price Day Ahead Market   |   Real Time Market |   Term Ahead Market |   Green Term Ahead Market | High Price Term Ahead Market   |
|---------------------------|--------------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------|---------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|
| 2021-22*                  |               3.93 |                     4.87 | -                             |               3.78 |                4.17 |                      4.52 | -                              |
| 2022-23*                  |               5.36 |                     5.9  | -                             |               5.19 |                6.55 |                      5.98 | -                              |
| 2023-24*                  |               4.73 |                     5.29 | 14.69                         |               4.6  |                6.9  |                      5.58 | 14.35                          |
| 2024-25#                  |               3.88 |                     3.7  | 8.69                          |               3.83 |                6.69 |                      4.6  | 15.77                          |
| 2025-26# (up to Dec-2025) |               3.11 |                     3.03 | 13.81                         |               3.04 |                5.4  |                      6.16 | 16.36                          |

*Non-peak hours: 00:00 to 17:00 hrs and 23:00 to 24:00 hrs

#Non-peak hours: 00:00 to 18:00 hrs and 23:00 to 24:00 hrs

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