Lok Sabha Question No. 129 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-12-01
Subject: Per Capita Debt Per Citizen
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Mr Pathan Yusuf

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.129

TO BE ANSWERED ON MONDAY, DECEMBER 1, 2025 / Agrahayana 10, 1947 (Saka)

## Per Capita Debt Per Citizen

129. Mr Pathan Yusuf: Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:
2. (a) the details of the amount of per capita debt per citizen during the last eleven years, yearwise;
3. (b)  whether it is  a  fact  that  the  number  of  borrowers has  been increasing, if so, the details thereof;
4. (c) the details of the total amount of aggregate financial liabilities of households from 2014 till 2025, year-wise; and
5. (d) the details of external debt of the country during the last eleven years, year-wise?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI PANKAJ CHAUDHARY)

- (a) & (b): As per the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), data on average debt per borrower and live unique borrowers is available from March 2018 onwards and is presented below. The data on average debt per borrower represents the debt outstanding of live unique borrowers and does not represent the average debt of an Indian citizen. According to RBI, the number of borrowers in the financial system has been increasing as per the data reported by credit institutions to Transunion CIBIL, a credit information company.

| Financial year-end   | Debt outstanding of live unique borrowers (₹ crore)   |   No. of live unique borrowers who have debt outstanding (Crore) | Average debt per borrower (₹)   |
|----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| Mar-18               | 43,61,013                                             |                                                             12.8 | 3,41,478                        |
| Mar-19               | 51,32,865                                             |                                                             14.6 | 3,52,764                        |
| Mar-20               | 57,89,464                                             |                                                             16.9 | 3,42,910                        |
| Mar-21               | 63,99,851                                             |                                                             18.7 | 3,41,408                        |
| Mar-22               | 74,79,945                                             |                                                             20.2 | 3,70,280                        |
| Mar-23               | 89,44,880                                             |                                                             22.8 | 3,92,028                        |
| Mar-24               | 1,13,31,879                                           |                                                             26.3 | 4,31,225                        |
| Mar-25               | 1,35,09,017                                           |                                                             28.3 | 4,77,583                        |

(c): According to Reserve Bank of India, the data on household financial liabilities since 2014-15 is as under:

| Year               |   2014 -15 |   2015 -16 |   2016 -17 |   2017 -18 |   2018 -19 |   2019 -20 |   2020 -21 |   2021 -22 |   2022 -23 |   2023 -24 |   2024- 25* |
|--------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|-------------|
| In ₹ lakh crore    |        3.8 |        3.9 |        4.7 |        7.5 |        7.7 |        7.7 |        7.4 |        9   |       16   |       18.8 |        15.7 |
| As per cent of GDP |        3   |        2.8 |        3   |        4.4 |        4.1 |        3.9 |        3.7 |        3.8 |        5.9 |        6.2 |         4.7 |

Source: NSO and RBI.

## (d): As per Reserve Bank of India, the data on India's external debt is as under:

| End-March     | ₹ Crore   |
|---------------|-----------|
| 2015          | 29,71,542 |
| 2016          | 32,17,563 |
| 2017          | 30,55,095 |
| 2018          | 34,41,960 |
| 2019          | 37,54,872 |
| 2020          | 41,97,652 |
| 2021          | 41,92,353 |
| 2022          | 47,00,446 |
| 2023          | 51,29,944 |
| 2024          | 55,75,456 |
| 2025          | 63,00,108 |
| End-June 2025 | 63,94,246 |

Source: Reserve Bank of India

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