Lok Sabha Question No. 261 (STARRED), answered on 2026-03-11
Subject: Digital Exclusion in Rural and Low-income Households
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Smt. Pratima Mondal

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *261

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 11.03.2026

## DIGITAL EXCLUSION IN RURAL AND LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS

## *261.  SMT. PRATIMA MONDAL:

Will the Minister of ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) the manner in which the Government addresses persistent digital exclusion in rural and lowincome households particularly  in  States  like  West  Bengal  where  central  digital  infrastructure funds have reportedly lagged;
- (b)  the  manner  in  which  the  Government  is  addressing  anti-competitive  practices  of  dominant digital platforms while ensuring innovation and consumer protection; and
- (c) whether the Government has assessed the economic and reputational costs of frequent internet shutdowns on the country's digital economy ambitions and if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

MINISTER FOR ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (c):  A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN THE REPLY TO LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *261 FOR 11.03.2026 REGARDING DIGITAL EXCLUSION IN RURAL AND LOWINCOME HOUSEHOLDS

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(a) to (c): In line with Hon'ble Prime Minister's vision to democratize technology and empower citizens, the Government of India had launched the Digital India programme in July, 2015.

Through this programme, Bharat has bridged the digital divide using a three-pronged strategy: Increasing access to internet, making internet affordable and providing digital public infrastructure. This has resulted in inclusive digital growth.

Today,  Bharat  is uniquely placed  among  the  large  economies  which  have  successfully implemented  digital  public  infrastructure.  In  fact,  in  the  recent  AI  Impact  Summit,  President Macron of France stated that India has built something that no other country in the world has built. Steps taken by Government of India  are as below:

## A. Increasing access to internet:

Internet access has increased multifold in the last decade.

| Year                  | 2014     | 2025      |
|-----------------------|----------|-----------|
| Internet connectivity | 25 Crore | 103 Crore |

(Source: TRAI)

Rapid expansion of 4G and 5G networks, vast network of optical fiber cables, and focus on digital infrastructure has resulted in this massive increase in access to internet.

## B. Making internet affordable:

India has among the lowest data tariffs in the world.  The table compares the tariffs as available on various public sources:

| Country        | Approx. Cost per 1 GB (USD)   |
|----------------|-------------------------------|
| India          | ~ 0.08 - 0.10 (lowest)        |
| Bangladesh     | ~ 0.23-0.34                   |
| Nepal          | ~ 0.27-0.43                   |
| Sri Lanka      | ~ 0.25-0.35                   |
| Pakistan       | ~ 0.12-0.18                   |
| France         | ~ 0.16-0.20                   |
| Germany        | ~ 2.14                        |
| Global Average | ~ 2.59                        |

As evident from above, India's telecom tariffs are 25 times less than the global average. This has been made possible because of the transparency in telecom sector brought by the Hon'ble Prime Minister.

## C. Providing digital public infrastructure:

India has developed a unique digital public infrastructure which has enabled large scale digital solutions for our people.

Aadhaar: Over 1.43+ billion Aadhaar numbers have been generated, providing a universal digital identity. This has enabled access to welfare schemes and financial inclusion.

Through  Aadhaar-linked  Direct  Benefit  Transfers  (DBT),  cash  benefits  from  various  welfare schemes (328 Schemes of 56 Ministries) are directly transferred into beneficiaries' bank accounts. This  has  done  with  the  requirement  of  multiple  documents  and  eliminated  duplicate  or  fake beneficiaries.

More than 16,600 crore authentications have been carried out by various organizations in order to avail various services. 10.67+ Crore Aadhaar IDs have been generated in the state of West Bengal.

Unified Payments Interface (UPI): UPI has enabled large-scale digital payment adoption with over  460  million  users and  billions  of  transactions  monthly.  This  platform  serves  6.5  crore merchants, and connects 685 banks on one platform, making it the world's largest digital payment system.

UPI powers 81% of India's digital payments and nearly 49% of global real -time digital payments. Therefore, the three pronged strategy has resulted in inclusive digital growth in the last decade in our country.

## Safeguards for public safety and public order

The Central Government and State Governments are empowered to issue orders for temporary suspension of internet to address the public emergency and public safety concerns. This is done as per the Telecommunication (Temporary suspension of Services) Rules, 2024 and the Guidelines of Supreme court in this regard.

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