Lok Sabha Question No. 1869 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-02-11
Subject: Balancing Domestic Coal Production and Import
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: Shri Rajesh Verma, Smt. Shambhavi, Dr. Lata Wankhede

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1869 ANSWERED ON 11.02.2026

## BALANCING DOMESTIC COAL PRODUCTION AND IMPORT

## 1869.   Shri Rajesh Verma:

Smt. Shambhavi:

Dr. Lata Wankhede:

Will the Minister of COAL be pleased to state:

(a) whether the Government has any updated policies to manage the balance between domestic coal  production  and  imports  amid  global  energy  market  fluctuations  and  if  so,  the  details thereof;

(b) the details of coal imports during the current financial year as compared to previous years, volume and source-wise;

- (c)  the  manner  in  which  the  Government  is  supporting  coal  supply  to  power  plants  and industries to prevent shortages and price volatility;

(d)  whether  any  new  initiatives  are  underway  to  align  coal  sector  operations  with  India's renewable energy transition goals and if so, the details thereof; and

(e) the manner in which the Government plans to facilitate the gradual reduction of carbon footprint from coal use while ensuring energy security?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF COAL AND MINES (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

(a): The  Government  has  taken  the  following  measures  to  increase  coal  production  in  the country:

- i. Regular reviews by Ministry of Coal to expedite the development of coal blocks.
- ii. Enactment of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021 [MMDR Act] for enabling captive mine owners (other than atomic minerals) to sell up to 50% of their annual mineral (including coal) production in the open market after meeting the requirement of the end use plant linked with the mine.
- iii. Single Window Clearance portal for the coal sector to speed up operationalization of coal mines.
- iv. Project Management Unit (PMU) for handholding of coal block allottees for obtaining various approvals/ clearances for early operationalization of coal mines.

- v. Auction of commercial mining on revenue sharing basis was launched in 2020. Under commercial  mining  scheme,  rebate  of  50%  on  final  offer  has  been  allowed  for  the quantity of coal that is produced earlier than scheduled date of production. Further, incentives on coal gasification or liquefaction (rebate of 50% on final offer) have been granted.
- vi. Terms and conditions of commercial coal mining are very liberal with no restriction on utilization  of  coal,  allowing  new  companies  to  participate  in  the  bidding  process, reduced  upfront  amount,  adjustment  of  upfront  amount  against  monthly  payment, liberal efficiency parameters to encourage flexibility to operationalize the coal mines, transparent bidding process, 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) through automatic route and revenue sharing model based on the National Coal Index.

Most of the requirement of coal in the country is met through indigenous production / supply. The focus of the Government is on increasing the domestic production of coal and to eliminate non-essential import of coal in the country. The efforts made by the Government to encourage use of domestically produced coal and to reduce coal import dependency are as under:

- i. The  Annual  Contracted  Quantity  (ACQ)  has  been  increased  upto  100%  of  the normative  requirement,  in  the  cases  where  the  ACQ  was  either  reduced  to  90%  of normative requirement (non-coastal power plants) or where the ACQ was reduced to 70% of normative requirement (coastal power plants). Increase in the ACQ would result in more domestic coal supplies, thereby, reducing the import dependency.
- ii. Vide amendment to the Non-Regulated Sector (NRS) linkage auction policy introduced in 2020, the tenure of coking coal linkages in the NRS linkage auction has been revised for a period upto 30 years. Increase in tenure of coking coal linkages in the NRS linkage auction for a period upto 30 years is expected to have a positive impact towards coal imports substitution.
- iii. Government decided in 2022 that coal to meet the full Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) requirement of all the existing linkage holders of Power Sector shall be made available by the coal companies irrespective of the trigger level and ACQ levels. This decision of the Government of meeting the full PPA requirement of the linkage holders of the Power Sector is expected to reduce dependence on imports.
- iv. Efforts are being made on a continuous basis to ensure more domestic supplies of coal. Thus, the entire substitutable imported coal is expected to be met by the country and no import, other than the very essential should happen.
- v. A new sub-sector 'Steel using Coking coal through WDO route' has been created in March, 2024 under the NRS linkage auctions which will lead to increase in the domestic coking coal consumption and also increase availability of washed coking coal in the country, thereby, reducing coking coal imports.
- vi. Coking Coal Mission has been launched to enhance coking coal supply to the Steel Sector to reduce imports of coking coal. Initiatives have been taken to enhance coking coal production.

- vii. Imported Coal Based (ICB) Plants have been allowed to secure coal under the Revised SHAKTI  Policy,  2025.  The  coal  availability  for  ICB  Plants  under  this  Policy  is expected to reduce dependence of these ICB plants on imported coal.
- viii. Existing Fuel Supply Agreement (FSA) holders have been allowed to secure coal under the  Revised  SHAKTI  Policy,  2025  after  procuring  100%  of  the  ACQ  coal  under existing FSA. Coal availability beyond the ACQ to existing FSA holders will benefit the power producers to meet the full requirement of the power plants.

(b): The quantity of coal imported from different countries of the world to India during the current financial year (till November, 2025) as compared to same period of last year is as under:

[Figures in Million Tonnes]

| Country wise import of coal to India   | Country wise import of coal to India   | Country wise import of coal to India   |
|----------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
| Country                                | FY 2025-26 (till November, 2025)       | FY 2024-25 (till November, 2024)       |
| AUSTRALIA                              | 24.781                                 | 23.477                                 |
| BAHARAIN IS                            | 0.002                                  | 0.003                                  |
| CANADA                                 | 1.146                                  | 1.343                                  |
| CHINA P RP                             | 0.145                                  | 0.263                                  |
| COLOMBIA                               | 1.259                                  | 1.630                                  |
| HONG KONG                              | 0.342                                  | 0.486                                  |
| INDONESIA                              | 66.331                                 | 74.260                                 |
| MOROCCO                                | -                                      | 0.017                                  |
| MOZAMBIQUE                             | 6.284                                  | 6.084                                  |
| NETHERLAND                             | -                                      | 0.072                                  |
| NEW ZEALAND                            | 0.200                                  | 0.136                                  |
| OMAN                                   | 0.000                                  | 0.001                                  |
| PERU                                   | 0.001                                  | -                                      |
| PHILIPPINES                            | 0.073                                  | -                                      |
| RUSSIA                                 | 20.081                                 | 15.605                                 |
| SAUDI ARAB                             | 0.008                                  | 0.006                                  |
| SINGAPORE                              | 8.825                                  | 7.425                                  |
| SOUTH AFRICA                           | 21.103                                 | 19.255                                 |
| SRI LANKA DSR                          | 0.001                                  | -                                      |
| SWEDEN                                 | 0.001                                  | -                                      |
| SWITZERLAND                            | 0.727                                  | 1.377                                  |
| TANZANIA REP                           | 0.434                                  | 0.136                                  |
| TURKEY                                 | 0.002                                  | 0.003                                  |
| U ARAB EMTS                            | 3.182                                  | 2.298                                  |
| U S A                                  | 15.335                                 | 14.089                                 |
| VIETNAM SOC REP                        | 0.023                                  | 0.000                                  |

(c): The supply of coal to the power plants is a continuous process. Coal supply is continuously monitored by the coal companies, power companies and by an Inter-Ministerial Sub-Group comprising of representatives from Ministry of Power, Ministry of Coal, Ministry of Railways,

Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Coal India Limited and Singareni Collieries Company Limited which meets regularly to take various operational decisions to enhance supply of coal to  Thermal  Power  Plants.  The  meetings  of  the  Sub-Group  Committee  are  attended  by  the representatives  of  the  power  plants.  Based  on  the  requirement  and  the  coal  stock  position, allocation of rakes is recommended by the Sub-Group. The Sub-Group closely monitors rake allocation  and  movement  to  maintain  supply  continuity.  Logistical  interventions  by  coal companies and the Sub-Group, undertaken in collaboration with Railways, ensure allocation of sufficient railway rakes to the power plants, as well as faster coal movement from coal mines to its power plants, thereby reducing transit delays & ensuring steady plant operations.

(d): The extent of renewable energy capacity developed by coal PSUs and the plan for the year 2030 are as under:

- i. CIL has set a target of installing 9437 MW of Renewable Energy (Solar power capacity) by FY 2029-30, out of which installed capacity is 241.79 MW.
- ii. NLCIL has planned to establish 10,110 MW of Renewable Energy capacity by 2030, out of which the commissioned capacity is 1781 MW.
- iii. SCCL  has  planned  to  establish  504.50  MW  of  Renewable  Energy  (Solar  power capacity) by 2030, out of which the commissioned capacity is 245.50 MW.

(e): The Government has taken the following steps to facilitate the gradual reduction of carbon footprint from coal use while ensuring energy security:

- i. Improving  the  efficiency  of  Thermal  Power  Plants:  Thermal  power  plants  capacity addition is being promoted by Ministry of Power through more efficient technologies like Super-critical/ Ultra Super-Critical thermal units over sub-critical thermal units.
- ii. Biomass co-firing in Thermal Power Plants: Ministry of Power in November, 2017 had issued a policy on 'Biomass Utilization for Power Generation through co-firing in Coalbased power plants', as revised from time to time.
- iii. Carbon  Capture,  Utilization  and  Storage  (CCUS)  is  one  of  the  emerging  areas  for Research  and  Development  in  Power  Sector.  NTPC  Limited,  a  CPSE  under  the administrative control of Ministry of Power have been taken up two pilot projects for CO2 capture and utilization. A carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) project has also approved by Coal India Limited has been started with the support of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR),  Bangalore, as principal implementing agency.

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