Lok Sabha Question No. 150 (STARRED), answered on 2025-12-10
Subject: Safety at Railway Tracks
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri Balwant Baswant Wankhade, Shri Vijay Kumar Hansdak

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 150 TO BE ANSWERED ON 10.12.2025

## SAFETY AT RAILWAY TRACKS

- *150.  SHRI VIJAY KUMAR HANSDAK: SHRI BALWANT BASWANT WANKHADE:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) the  number  of  deaths  reported  on  Railway  tracks  and  Railway unmanned crossings and number of death in train accidents during the last five years, year and zone-wise;
- (b) the number of railway staff including track maintenance workers who lost their lives during the last five years, zone and year-wise;
- (c) whether one of the reasons for these accidents is lack of manpower as backlog of vacant posts are not being fulfilled and if so, the details of vacant posts and recruitment done during the last ten years;
- (d) the details of the measures taken/being taken by the Government to enhance track safety for passengers/staffs and towards clearing the backlog of vacant posts in Railways; and
- (e) the  details  of  percentage  of  the  families  who  received  financial compensation  or  any  pendency  thereof  since  2020,  year  and  zonewise?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (e): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (e)  OF  LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 150TO BE ANSWERED ON 10.12.2025

(a) to (e): Safety is accorded the highest priority on Indian Railways. As a consequence of various safety measures taken over the years, there has  been  a  steep  decline  in  the  number  of  accidents.  Consequential Train Accidents have reduced from 135 in 2014-15 to 31 in 2024-25 as shown in the graph below.

It  may  be  noted  that  the  Consequential  Train  Accidents  during  the period 2004-14 was 1711 (average 171 per annum), which has declined to 31 in 2024-25 and further to 11 in 2025-26 (upto November, 2025).

The number of consequential train accidents during the last five years is depicted in the graph below:-

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Consequential Train Accidents on Indian Railways and casualties (including railway  passengers  and  railway  personnel)  therein  are  as

## follows:-

| Period             | No. of Consequential Train Accidents   |   No. of Deaths | No. of Injuries   |
|--------------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
| 2004-05 to 2013-14 | 1,711                                  |             904 | 3,155             |
| 2014-15 to 2023-24 | 678                                    |             748 | 2,087             |
| 2024-25            | 31                                     |              18 | 92                |

## The various safety measures taken to enhance safety in train operations are as under:-

1. On  Indian  Railways,  the  expenditure  on  Safety  related  activities has increased over the years as under:-
2. Electrical/Electronic Interlocking Systems with centralized operation  of  points  and  signals  have  been  provided  at  6,656 stations up to 31.10.2025 to reduce accident due to human failure.
3. Interlocking  of  Level  Crossing  (LC)  Gates  has  been  provided  at 10,098 Level Crossing Gates up to 31.10.2025 for enhancing safety at LC Gates.
4. Complete  Track  Circuiting  of stations  to  enhance  safety  by verification  of  track  occupancy  by  electrical  means  has  been provided at 6,661 stations up to 31.10.2025.
5. Kavach  is  a  highly  technology  intensive  system,  which  requires safety  certification  of  highest  order.  Kavach  was  adopted  as  a National    ATP    system   in   July   2020. Kavach    is    provided

| Expenditure/Budget on Safety related activities (Rs. in Cr.)   | Expenditure/Budget on Safety related activities (Rs. in Cr.)   | Expenditure/Budget on Safety related activities (Rs. in Cr.)   | Expenditure/Budget on Safety related activities (Rs. in Cr.)   | Expenditure/Budget on Safety related activities (Rs. in Cr.)   |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| 2013-14                                                        | 2022-23                                                        | 2023-24                                                        | 2024-25                                                        | 2025-26                                                        |
| (Act.)                                                         | (Act.)                                                         | (Act.)                                                         |                                                                |                                                                |
| 39,463                                                         | 87,327                                                         | 1,01,651                                                       | 1,14,022                                                       | 1,16,470                                                       |

progressively in phased manner. Initially, Kavach Version 3.2 was deployed on 1465 RKm of South Central Railway and 80 RKm of North  Central  Railway.  Kavach  specification  Version  4.0  was approved  by  RDSO  on  16.07.2024.  After  extensive  and  elaborate trials,  Kavach  Version  4.0has  been  successfully  commissioned onPalwal-Mathura-Kota- Nagda section (633 Rkm) on Delhi-Mumbai route  and  on  Howrah-Bardhaman  section  (105  RKm)  on  DelhiHowrah  route.  Kavach  implementation  has  been  taken  up  in balance sections of Delhi-Mumbai and Delhi-Howrah route. Further, Kavach  implementation  has  been  taken  up  on  15,512  RKm covering  all GQ,  GD,  HDN  and  identified  sections  of Indian Railways.

6. Detailed  instructions  on  issues  related  with  safety  of  Signalling, e.g.  mandatory  correspondence  check,  alteration  work  protocol, preparation of completion drawing, etc. have been issued.
7. System of disconnection and reconnection for S&T equipment as per protocol has been re-emphasized.
8. All locomotives are equipped with Vigilance Control Devices (VCD) to improve alertness of Loco Pilots.
9. Retro-reflective  sigma  boards  are  provided  on  the  mast  which  is located two OHE masts prior to the signals in electrified territories to alert the crew about the signal ahead when visibility is low due to foggy weather.
10. A GPS based Fog Safety Device (FSD) is provided to loco pilots in fog affected areas which enables loco pilots to know the distance of  the  approaching  landmarks  like  signals,  level  crossing  gates,
6. etc.

11. Modern  track  structure  consisting  of  60kg,  90  Ultimate  Tensile Strength (UTS) rails, Prestressed Concrete Sleeper (PSC) Normal/Wide  base  sleepers  with  elastic  fastening,  fan  shaped layout turnout on PSC sleepers, Steel Channel/H-beam Sleepers on girder bridges is used while carrying out primary track renewals.
12. Mechanisation  of track laying activity through use of track machines like PQRS, TRT, T-28 etc. to reduce human errors.
13. Maximizing  supply  of  130m/260m  long  rail  panels  for  increasing progress  of  rail  renewal  and  avoiding  welding  of  joints,  thereby improving safety.
14. Ultrasonic Flaw Detection (USFD) testing of rails to detect flaws and timely removal of defective rails.
15. Laying  of  longer  rails,  minimizing  the  use  of  Alumino  Thermic Welding  and  adoption  of  better  welding  technology  for  rails  i.e., Flash Butt Welding.
16. Monitoring  of  track  geometry  by  OMS  (Oscillation  Monitoring System) and TRC (Track Recording Cars).
17. Patrolling of railway tracks to look out for weld/rail fractures.
18. The  use  of  Thick  Web  Switches  and  Weldable  CMS  Crossing  in turnout renewal works.
19. Inspections  at  regular  intervals  are  carried  out  to  monitor  and educate staff for observance of safe practices.
20. Web  based  online  monitoring  system  of  track  assets  viz.  Track database and decision support system has been adopted to decide rationalized maintenance requirement and optimize inputs.
21. Detailed instructions on  issues related  with  safety  of  Track,  e.g. integrated block, corridor block, worksite safety, monsoon precautions, etc. have been issued.

22. Preventive  maintenance  of  railway  assets  (Coaches  &  Wagons)  is undertaken to ensure safe train operations.
23. Replacement of conventional ICF design  coaches  with  LHB  design
3. coaches is being done.
24. All  unmanned  level  crossings  (UMLCs)  on  Broad  Gauge  (BG)  route have been eliminated by January 2019.
25. Safety of Railway Bridges is ensured through regular inspection of Bridges. The requirement of repair/rehabilitation of Bridges is taken up based upon the conditions assessed during these inspections.
26. Indian Railways has displayed Statutory 'Fire Notices' for widespread  passenger  information  in  all  coaches.  Fire  posters  are provided  in  every  coach  so  as  to  educate  and  alert  passengers regarding  various  Do's  and  Don'ts  to  prevent  fire.  These  include messages regarding not carrying any inflammable material, explosives, prohibition of smoking inside the coaches, penalties etc.
27. Production  Units  are providing  Fire  detection  and  suppression system in newly manufactured Power Cars and Pantry Cars, Fire and Smoke detection system in newly manufactured coaches. Progressive fitment of the same  in existing coaches  is also underway by Zonal Railways in a phased manner.
8. 28.
9. Regular counselling and training of staff is undertaken.
29. Concept of Rolling Block introduced in Indian Railways (Open Lines) General  Rules  vide  Gazette  notification  dated  30.11.2023,  wherein work  of  integrated  maintenance/  repair/replacement  of  assets  is planned up to 52 weeks in advance on rolling basis and executed as per plan.

The  details  of  the  Safety  related  works  related  to  better  maintenance practices, Technological improvements, better infrastructure and rolling stock etc. undertaken by Railways are tabulated below:-

| S.N.                                    | Item                                                      | 2004-05 to 2013-14                      | 2014-15 to 2024- 25                     | 2014-25 Vs. 2004-14                     |
|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| Technological Improvements              | Technological Improvements                                | Technological Improvements              | Technological Improvements              | Technological Improvements              |
| 1.                                      | Use of high-quality rails (60 Kg) (Km)                    | 57,450 Km                               | 1.43 Lakh Km                            | More than 2 times                       |
| 2.                                      | Longer Rail Panels (260m) (Km)                            | 9,917 Km                                | 77,522 Km                               | Nearly 8 times                          |
| 3.                                      | Electronic Interlocking (Stations)                        | 837 Stations                            | 3,691 Stations                          | More than 4 times                       |
| 4.                                      | Fog Pass Safety Devices (Nos.)                            | As on 31.03.14: 90 Nos.                 | As on 31.03.25: 25,939 Nos.             | 288 times                               |
| 5.                                      | Thick Web Switches (Nos.)                                 | Nil                                     | 28,301 Nos.                             |                                         |
| Better Maintenance Practices            | Better Maintenance Practices                              | Better Maintenance Practices            | Better Maintenance Practices            | Better Maintenance Practices            |
| 1.                                      | Primary Rail Renewal (Track Km)                           | 32,260 Km                               | 49,941 Km                               | 1.5 times                               |
| 2.                                      | USFD (Ultra Sonic Flaw detection) Testing of Welds (Nos.) | 79.43 Lakh                              | 2 Crore                                 | More than 2 times                       |
| 3.                                      | Weld failures (Nos.)                                      | In 2013-14: 3699 Nos.                   | In 2024-25: 370 Nos.                    | 90 % reduction                          |
| 4.                                      | Rail fractures (Nos.)                                     | In 2013-14: 2548 Nos.                   | In 2024-25: 289 Nos.                    | More than 88% reduction                 |
| Better Infrastructure and Rolling Stock | Better Infrastructure and Rolling Stock                   | Better Infrastructure and Rolling Stock | Better Infrastructure and Rolling Stock | Better Infrastructure and Rolling Stock |
| 1.                                      | New Track KM added (Track Km)                             | 14,985 Km                               | 34,428 Km                               | More than 2 times                       |

|   2. | Flyovers (RoBs)/ Underpasses (RUBs) (Nos.)   | 4,148 Nos.            | 13,808 Nos.                                      | More than 3 times   |
|------|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------|---------------------|
|    3 | Unmanned Level crossings (Nos.) on BG        | As on 31.03.14: 8,948 | As on 31.03.24: Nil (All eliminated by 31.01.19) | Removed             |
|    4 | Manufacture of LHB Coaches (Nos.)            | 2,337 Nos.            | 42,677                                           | More than 18 times  |

Policing is a state subject under the seventh schedule of the Constitution of India and accordingly, cases of unnatural deaths over Indian Railways are registered and investigated by the concerned police authorities, such as the Government Railway Police (GRP) or the district police based on their jurisdiction. Data on all unnatural deaths on Railway tracks, Railway unmanned crossings gate and in train accidents is published by National Crime  Record  Bureau  (NCRB)  in  Accidental  Deaths  &  Suicides  in  India (ADSI).

The  following  measures  are  taken  by  the  Railways  to  prevent/minimise human deaths in untoward incidents on Railway track:

- i. Zonal Railways have constituted 'Joint Committees' comprising officers  of  Safety,  Security,  Signal  &  Engineering  departments  to  study the  causes  and  suggest  specific  measures  to  minimise  deaths  due  to untoward incidents including trespassing by humans. Accordingly, preventive  and  corrective  measures  are  taken  to  improve  and  create infrastructure to minimise casualties.
- ii. Regular announcements are made through Passenger Address System at  Railway  stations  urging  passengers  to  use  foot  over  bridges  (FOBs) and to avoid crossing of railway tracks.

iii. Various awareness campaigns are organized by Railways to sensitize passengers about the fatalities of crossing railway tracks, footboard/rooftop travelling, boarding/de-boarding running trains etc.

iv. Regular drives are conducted against trespassing, travelling on footboard, steps, roof top of trains, boarding/de-boarding running trains and the persons apprehended are prosecuted under the relevant provisions of the Railways Act, 1989.

- v. Railway Protection Force personnel are deployed on locations vulnerable for trespassing.
- vi. Erection of boundary wall/fencing at identified locations, vulnerable to trespass.

vii.  Warning  sign  boards  are  provided  at  conspicuous  places  for  the awareness of passengers.

viii. Unauthorized trespassing on Railway premises including the Railway track is a punishable offence under section 147 of the Railways Act and action against the violators is taken accordingly.

Further, following measures have been taken for the safety and welfare of track maintenance employees:

- i. Track maintainers have been equipped with essential safety gears while working in hazardous environments. The major safety equipment  like  Retro  Reflective  Safety  Jackets  (Luminous  Vests), Safety Shoes, Gloves, Safety Helmet with detachable miner's light, Tricolour Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3 cell Torch, Rain Coat, Winter Jacket etc. have been provided to them.
- ii. In order to enhance efficiency and reduce physical strain of these employees, Light Weight Tools and equipment like Spanner, Hammer, Crowbar  etc. have  been   provided. In  addition,  battery/

hydraulic  operated  machines  and  automated  systems  have  been inserting fittings, tightening bolts, lubrication of rails joints etc. to minimize devised for light maintenance  tasks  like extracting/ physical fatigue and improve productivity.

- iii. Mechanized  maintenance  of  tracks  using  various  types  of  Track Machines have been introduced for all types of strenuous jobs such as tamping, ballast cleaning, lifting & aligning of track as well as grinding, cutting, drilling of rails etc. to reduce the manual efforts. Multi  utility/  Rail  borne  vehicles  have  been  provided  for  track maintenance to mobile gangs.
- iv. To  reinforce  safety  practices,  regular  counselling  and  medical examinations are carried out. Regular training sessions are conducted to raise awareness about potential hazards. The "Personal Safety First" programme with proper safety protocols is conducted through seminars and workshops, where these employees  are  trained  on  'How  to  stay  safe  while  working  on  or near the track'.
- v. Regular training  programs  on  track  safety  rules,  use  of  machines/ tools,  first-aid  etc.  are  conducted  through  Zonal  Training  Centres (ZTC) with practical and visual training aids for better appreciation.
- vi. As  regard  to  welfare  measures  to  employees,  they  have  been provided Gang Tools cum Rest Room, Gang Huts, Toilet's facilities at  manned  level  crossing,  Water  bottle  (2  litre,  heat  insulated), family  accommodation  to  take  care  of  education  and  health  of dependents.  Further,  Risk  and  Hardship  Allowances  has  been provided according to nature of duty of the track maintainers.
- vii. Flexibility   in   duty   roaster   as   per   climatic   conditions   and

requirements are permitted. Recognition and awards for exemplary performance  in  safety  and  maintenance  of  tracks  are  done  for encouragement of track maintainers.

- viii. VHF  based  Approaching  Train  Warning  System  gives  an  advance warning to staff through handheld VHF Receiver device on changing Advance Starter Signal to Green for coming train in block section. These devices are being provided to staff working on railway track of  all  routes  for  added  safety  in  addition  to  normal  protection precautions.

As a result of the above safety measures, there has been reduction in no. of  deaths  of  railway  staff  during  track  maintenance  work  from  196  in 2013-14  to  an  average  of  67  per  year  in  the  last  5  years,  which  is  a reduction of about 66%.

## Recruitment

Occurrence and filling up of vacancies are continuous process on Indian Railways  considering  its  size,  spatial  distribution  and criticality of operation. Adequate and suitable manpower is provided to cater to the regular operations, changes in technology, mechanizations and innovative practices. The vacancies are filled up primarily by placement of indents by Railways with Recruitment agencies as per operational and technological requirements.

In the Gazetted cadre, recruitments are made annually through UPSC for the  ministry  as  a  whole.  Further,  as  compared  to  recruitment  of  4988 number of officers during 2004-2013, 7,297 number of officers have been recruited in the Organised Services during 2014-2024.

Presently recruitment against 1,20,579 vacancies of non-gazetted personnel has been taken up on Indian Railways as per Annual Calendar 2024 and 2025.

During January to December 2024, ten Centralized Employment Notifications  (CENs)  for  92,116  vacancies  were  notified  for  filling  up  of posts  of  Assistant  Loco  Pilots  (ALPs),  Technicians,  Sub-Inspectors, Constables  in  Railway  Protection  Force  (RPF),  Junior  Engineers  (JEs)/ Depot Material Superintendent (DMS)/ Chemical & Metallurgical Assistant (CMA), Paramedical Categories, Non-Technical Popular Categories (Graduate), Non-Technical Popular Categories (Under-Graduate), Ministerial & Isolated Categories and Level-1 categories such as Assistants, Track Maintainers and Pointsman.

First  stage/Single  stage  Computer  Based  Tests  (CBTs)  for  59,678  posts has been completed.  Details are as under:-

| Exam                                                                             | Candidates   |   CitiesLanguages |   CitiesLanguages |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 1 st Stage CBT for the post of ALP (18,799 vacancies)                            | 18,40,347    |               156 |                15 |
| CBT for the post of Technician (14,298 vacancies)                                | 26,99,892    |               139 |                15 |
| 1 st Stage CBT for the post of JE/DMS/CMA (7,951 vacancies)                      | 11,01,266    |               146 |                15 |
| CBT for the post of RPF-SI (452 vacancies)                                       | 15,35,635    |               143 |                15 |
| CBT for the post of RPF-Constable (4,208 vacancies)                              | 45,30,288    |               147 |                15 |
| CBT for Paramedical Categories (1,376 vacancies)                                 | 7,08,321     |               143 |                15 |
| 1 st Stage CBT for Non-Technical Popular Categories (Graduate) (8,113 vacancies) | 58,41,774    |               141 |                15 |

| 1 st Stage CBT for Non-Technical Popular Categories (Under Graduate) (3,445 vacancies)   | 63,27,473   | 157   | 15   |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|-------|------|
| CBT for Ministerial & Isolated categories (1,036 vacancies)                              | 4,46,013    | 139   | 15   |
| Total Candidates                                                                         | 2,50,31,009 |       |      |

2 nd   stage  CBTs  for  the  posts  of  ALP,  JE/DMS/CMA  and  Non-Technical Popular Categories (Graduate) has also been completed.  Details are as under: -

| Exam                                                                              | Candidates   | Cities   | Languages   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|----------|-------------|
| 2 nd Stage CBT for the post of ALP (18,799 vacancies)                             | 2,66,363     | 112      | 15          |
| 2 nd Stage CBT for the post of JE/DMS/CMA (7,951 vacancies)                       | 1,17,339     | 118      | 15          |
| 2 nd Stage CBT for Non- Technical Popular Categories (Graduate) (8,113 vacancies) | 1,21,931     | 129      | 15          |
| Total candidates                                                                  | 5,05,633     |          |             |

Computer Based Aptitude Test (CBAT) for the post of ALP has also been completed. Details are as under:-

| Exam                                        | Candidates   |   Cities |   Languages |
|---------------------------------------------|--------------|----------|-------------|
| CBAT for the post of ALP (18,799 vacancies) | 1,32,044     |       84 |           2 |

CBT for  32,438  vacancies  for  level  -1  categories  has  commenced  from 27.11.2025 in 140 cities in 15 languages. Physical efficiency Test (PET) for 4,208 vacancies of Constable (RPF) has commenced from 13.11.2025.

Panels for more than 23,000 candidates  for  various posts including the

posts  of  Technicians,  Junior  Engineers,  Paramedical  Categories,  SubInspectors (RPF) and Assistant Loco Pilots have been finalised.  Majority of them are in safety categories.

In addition, as per Annual Calendar for the year 2025, seven Centralized Employment  Notifications  (CENs)  for  28,463  vacancies  have  also  been issued. Details are as under:-

|   S. No. | CEN No.   | Post Name                                        | No. of Vacancies notified   | Month of Notification   |
|----------|-----------|--------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|-------------------------|
|        1 | 01/2025   | Assistant Loco Pilots                            | 9,970                       | March 2025              |
|        2 | 02/2025   | Technicians                                      | 6,238                       | June 2025               |
|        3 | 03/2025   | Para-Medical Categories                          | 434                         | July 2025               |
|        4 | 04/2025   | Section Controllers                              | 368                         | August 2025             |
|        5 | 05/2025   | Junior Engineers / Depot Material Superintendent | 2,585                       | October 2025            |
|        6 | 06/2025   | NTPC (Graduate)                                  | 5,810                       | October 2025            |
|        7 | 07/2025   | NTPC (Under-Graduate)                            | 3,058                       | October 2025            |

The RRB examinations are quite technical in nature entailing large scale mobilization  of  men  and  resources  and  training  of  manpower.  Railway overcame all these challenges and successfully conducted the recruitment  in  a  transparent  manner  following  all  laid  down  guidelines. No instance of paper leakage or similar malpractice has occurred during the entire process.

Recruitment done in Indian Railways during 2004-2005 to 2013-2014 visà-vis during 2014-2015 to 2024-2025 is given as under :-

| Period                 | Recruitments*   |
|------------------------|-----------------|
| 2004-2005 to 2013-2014 | 4.11 lakh       |
| 2014-2015 to 2024-2025 | 5.08 lakh       |

Further, as system improvement, the Ministry of Railways has introduced a system of publishing the annual calendar from 2024 for recruitment to various  categories  of  Group  'C'  posts.  The  introduction  of  the  annual calendar is benefitting the aspirants in the following manner:

- More opportunities for candidates;
- Opportunities to those becoming eligible every year;
- Certainty of exams;
- Faster Recruitment process, Training and Appointments

Accident  victims  are  paid  ex-gratia  relief  soon  after  an  accident  or untoward incident. Total amount of ex-gratia paid by the Railways to the next of kin of deceased individuals in train accidents during 01.01.2020 to 30.11.2025  is Rs. 32.72 Crore.

Compensation  for  death  and  injury of railway passengers  in  train accidents  and  untoward  incidents,  as  defined  under  Section  124 and Section  124-A  (read  with  Section  123)  of  the  Railways  Act,  1989,  is decided  by  Railway  Claims  Tribunal  (RCT)  on  the  basis  of  a  claim application  filed  by  the  victims/their  dependents  before  RCT  and  it disposes of  the  cases  after  following  the  due  judicial  process.  Railway Administration pays compensation when a decree is awarded by Hon'ble RCT  in  favour  of  the  claimant  and  Railways  decide  to  implement  the decree. Compensation amount is over and above the ex-gratia amount.

Total amount of compensation paid by the Railways to the next of kin of the deceased individuals in train accidents during 01.01.2020 to 30.11.2025 is Rs. 24.29 Crore.

Ex-gratia  compensation  is  a  financial  assistance  (Rs.25  lakhs  w.e.f. 01.01.2016) paid by the Railways to the family/dependants of an employee in the event of death due to accidents while performing official duty etc.

Expeditious  disbursement  of  ex  gratia  amount  depends  on  several factors such as timely submission of required documents (viz. legal heir certificate),  family  disputes/rival  claims,  verification  of  the  cause  of ex-gratia deathetc. During last 5 years, in about 98% cases, compensation has already been paid by the respective Zonal Railways.

*****