Lok Sabha Question No. 1306 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-02-06
Subject: Cases of Counterfeit and Spurious Drugs
Ministry: HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Asked by: Shri Naveen Jindal

## GOVERNMENTOFINDIA MINISTRYOF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENTOFHEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1306 TO BE ANSWERED ON 06 TH FEBRUARY, 2026

## CASES OF COUNTERFEIT AND SPURIOUS DRUGS

## 1306. SHRI NAVEEN JINDAL:

Will the Minister of HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE be pleased to state:

- (a) the system and measures that are in place to ensure the safety and authenticity of pharmaceuticals in the domestic and international markets;
- (b) the action taken against manufacturers and marketeers of counterfeit and spurious drugs, in each year during the last five years, year-wise;
- (c) the steps taken/proposed to be taken by the Government during the last five years and the ongoing fiscal to enhance collaboration between the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and State authorities to combat the issue of counterfeit and spurious drugs; and
- (d) the steps being taken to raise public awareness regarding the dangers of counterfeit and spurious drugs?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (SHRI PRATAPRAO JADHAV)

(a) to (d): Drugs manufactured in the country, irrespective for domestic or international market, are required to comply with the same standards as prescribed in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945 made thereunder for their quality. Additionally, for export of drugs the manufacturer is also required to comply with the requirements of the importing country.

As per information received from States/UTs Drugs Controllers, the number of drug samples tested in last five years by various States/U.Ts and status regarding number of drug samples declared Not of Standard Quality/spurious/ adulterated including enforcement actions taken is as under:

| Financial Year   | No. of drugs samples tested   | No. of drugs samples declared Not of Standard Quality   |   No. of drugs samples declared Spurious/ Adulterated |   Number of prosecution launched for manufacturing, sale and distribution of spurious/adulterated drugs |
|------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 2020-21          | 84,874                        | 2,652                                                   |                                                   263 |                                                                                                     236 |
| 2021-22          | 88,844                        | 2,545                                                   |                                                   379 |                                                                                                     592 |
| 2022-23          | 96,713                        | 3,053                                                   |                                                   424 |                                                                                                     663 |
| 2023-24          | 1,06,150                      | 2,988                                                   |                                                   282 |                                                                                                     604 |
| 2024-25          | 1,16,323                      | 3,104                                                   |                                                   245 |                                                                                                     961 |

CDSCO and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have taken following regulatory measures to ensure the import and manufacture of safe, efficacious and quality medicines across the country:

- (i) On 17.11.2022, the Drugs Rules, 1945 were amended vide G.S.R. 823(E) which has come into force from 1st of August, 2023 providing that the manufacturers of top 300 brands of drug formulation products, as specified in Schedule H2, shall print or affix Bar Code or Quick Response Code on its primary packaging label or, in case of inadequate space in primary package label, on the secondary package label that store data or information legible with software application to facilitate authentication.
- (ii) On 18.01.2022, the Drugs Rules, 1945 were amended vide G.S.R. 20 (E) providing that every Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (bulk drug) manufactured or imported in India shall bear Quick Response Code on its label at each level of packaging that store data or information readable with software application to facilitate tracking and tracing. The stored data or information shall include the minimum particulars including unique product identification code, Batch Number, Manufacturing date, Expiry Date etc.

CDSCO has made the said requirements regarding QR Codes available to the general public by publishing the notification in this regard on its website (https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/opencms/en/Notifications/Gazette-Notifications) and has also advised industry stakeholders for public awareness campaigns in this regard.

- (iii) In order to assess the regulatory compliance of drug manufacturing premises in the country, the CDSCO along with State Drugs Controllers (SDCs) have conducted Risk-Based Inspections of more than 960 premises since December, 2022 and based on findings, more than 860 actions like issuance of show cause notices, stop production order, suspension, cancellation of licenses /product licenses, warning letters have been taken by the State Licensing Authorities.
- (iv) List of drugs of various companies, which are declared Not of Standard Quality/ Spurious/ Adulterated by the Central Drugs Testing Laboratories is uploaded and available on the website of CDSCO under the heading of Drug Alert (www.cdsco.gov.in) and actions initiated as per provisions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules thereunder.
- (v) The Central Government has amended the Drugs Rules 1945 vide G.S.R. 922 (E) dated 28.12.2023 to revise the schedule M to the said rules related to Good Manufacturing Practices and requirements of premises, plant and equipment for pharmaceutical products. Revised Schedule M has become effective for the drug manufacturers with turnover > Rs. 250 crores from 29.06.2024 and for manufacturers having turnover of less than Rs. 250 Cr from 01.01.2026.
- (vi) In February 2024, CDSCO published regulatory guidelines for the sampling of drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices by Central and State Drugs Inspectors. These guidelines provide a structured approach to ensure the quality and efficacy of products available in the market through uniform drug sampling methodology.
- (vii) An online portal, SUGAM labs is in place since September 2023 for integrating the drug testing labs of the CDSCO. It automates the entire workflow for testing of Medical Products (Drugs, Vaccine, Cosmetics & Medical devices) to meet the quality specification and tracing the testing status in the laboratories.
- (viii) The Drugs Rules, 1945 have been amended making it mandatory that, in case the applicant intends to market the drug under a brand name or trade name the applicant shall furnish an undertaking in Form 51 to the licensing authority that such or similar brand name or trade name is not already in existence with respect to any drug in the country and the proposed brand name or trade name shall not lead to any confusion or deception in the market.
- (ix) Vide G.S.R. 101 (E) dated 11.02.2020, the Drugs Rules, 1945 were amended, providing that with effect from 01.03.2021 any marketer who sells or distributes any drug shall be responsible for quality of that drug as well as other regulatory compliances along with the manufacturer under these Rules.
- (x) Central regulator coordinates activities of State Drug Control Organisations and provides expert advice through the Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC) meetings held with State Drugs Controllers for uniformity in administration of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.
- (xi) Central government is providing regular residential, regional training and workshops to officials of CDSCO and State Drug Regulatory Authorities on Good Manufacturing Practices. In the Financial Year 2023-24 CDSCO has trained 22854 persons while in Financial Year 2024-25, 20551 persons have been trained.

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