Lok Sabha Question No. 1914 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-12-11
Subject: Preservation of Knowledge of Endangered Tribal Languages
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: Smt. Priyanka Gandhi Vadra

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1914

TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.12.2025

## PRESERVATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF ENDANGERED TRIBAL LANGUAGES

## 1914. SMT. PRIYANKA GANDHI VADRA:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  has  taken  initiatives  to  digitize,  document  and  preserve  knowledge  of endangered tribal languages, if so, the details thereof;

(b) the initiatives led by the Government to use advanced technology such as artificial intelligence tools; and

(c) whether the Government is taking initiatives to promote tribal literature and create platforms for tribal authors, if so, the details thereof especially to support emerging literary talent?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SHRI DURGADAS UIKEY)

(a) to (c): Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India under the Centrally Sponsored scheme 'Support to  Tribal  Research  Institutes  (TRIs)'  extends financial support to 29 Tribal Research  Institutes (TRIs) in States/Union Territories (UTs) on the basis of the Annual Action Plan submitted by the States/UTs subject to  the  approval  of  the  Apex  Committee  chaired  by  the  Secretary,  Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs.  Under  the scheme,  proposals  relating  to,  inter-alia  research  &  documentation  activities  and  training  &  capacity building programmes, organization of tribal festivals, yatras for promotion of unique cultural heritage and tourism  and  organisation  of  exchange  visits  by  tribals  are  organised  so  that  their  cultural  practices, languages and rituals are preserved and disseminated.  TRIs are primarily institutions under the administrative  control  of  the  State  Government/UT  Administration.  Under  the  scheme,  funds  are  also provided for/to:

- i. Publishing Varnamala, local rhymes, and stories in tribal languages.
- ii. Publishing books, journals on different tribal languages to promote tribal literature.
- iii. Translation and publication of Training module about Sickle cell Anaemia disease Awareness and Counselling  Modules  and  Diagnosis  &  Treatment  Module  and  other  Information,  Education  and Communication (IEC) material in relevant Tribal languages/Dialects.

Further, considering the urgent need to safeguard tribal languages, the Ministry developed Adi Vaani platform and launched beta version of the App on 1st September 2025 at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi for expert review and public feedback from the ground level. Adi Vaani is a pioneering, AIpowered  translation  tool  dedicated  to  the  protection,  promotion,  and  revitalization  of  India's  rich  tribal linguistic heritage and culture. Tribal languages embody rich traditions and unique worldviews but face the threat  of  extinction  due  to  limited  documentation  and  generational  transmission  gaps.  The  AI  based translation tool aims to address these challenges by leveraging technology to ensure systematic digitization, preservation,  and  promotion of these languages. Adi Vaani translation tool is an innovation developed at nearly  one-tenth  the  cost  of  commercial  platforms  by  integrating  cutting-edge  technology  with  authentic linguistic data collected by State Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs) and has been designed with a feedback system to promote continuous improvement through community participation. The Adi Vaani App will help in  preservation  of  Endangered  Languages  by  creating  a  lasting  digital  archive  for  tribal  languages, preserving  them  for  future  generations  and  research.  It  will  position  India  as  a  leader  in  AI-driven preservation of endangered languages, setting a model for other nations.

In  addition,  recognizing  tribal  literature  as  a  powerful  medium  to  amplify  the  voices  of  marginalized communities and foster inclusivity in national discourse, the Ministry has also conducted two-day National Tribal  Literary  festival  in  Delhi.  The  initiative  marked  a  continuous  effort  of  the  Ministry  toward community-driven  development  and  cultural  empowerment.  The  event  provides  a  platform  for  panel discussions,  poetry  recitations,  storytelling  sessions,  and  exhibitions  bringing  together  tribal  writers, artists, researchers, and policymakers from across the country marking a historic milestone in the ongoing journey of cultural rejuvenation and social justice.

Moreover, as informed, for the promotion of endangered/tribal languages, a project 'Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)' has been initiated by the Ministry of Education under the  Central  Institute  of  Indian  Languages  (CIIL),  Mysuru  in  2013.  The  Institute  with  the  help  of  Core Committee identified 117 languages in its first phase to work upon in step wise manner. SPPEL aims to document  the  language  &  culture  of  the  mother  tongues/languages  of  India  spoken  by  less  than  10,000 speakers  by  developing  primers,  bi/trilingual  dictionaries  (electronic  and  print  formats), grammatical sketches, pictorial glossaries and ethno-linguistic profile of the community. List of the 117 languages are attached herewith as Annexure I.

Bhasha Sanchika , the digital language repository of the CIIL, where language preservation, dissemination, and technological advancement converge in a pioneering initiative. The primary objectives of the archive portal is to provide Indian linguistic resources in diverse formats - text, image, audio, and video; Aiding in creating language technology resources, language pedagogy materials, and other language-related products and services. Kindly see Annexure II ,  the  language covered under Sanchika. The details available in the following link: https://sanchika.ciil.org/home

CIIL, in collaboration with NCERT, has developed 128 Primers for 116 Indian languages. Out of which, 119 primers for 110 Indian languages have been released by the Ministry. Kindly see Annexure III. The details are available in the following link: https://ciil.org/primers\_book.

## Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)

## List of Endangered Languages Zone-wise

|   Sl. No. | Languages / MTs       | Zone              |
|-----------|-----------------------|-------------------|
|         1 | LAMONGSE              | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         2 | LURO                  | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         3 | MOUT                  | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         4 | ONGE                  | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         5 | PU                    | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         6 | SANENYO               | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         7 | SENTILESE             | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         8 | SHOMPEN               | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|         9 | TAKAHANYILANG         | Andaman &Nicobar  |
|        10 | BHUNJIA               | East Central Zone |
|        11 | BINJHIA/BIRJIA/BRIJIA | East Central Zone |
|        12 | BIRHOR                | East Central Zone |
|        13 | BODO GADABA/ GUTOB    | East Central Zone |
|        14 | BONDO                 | East Central Zone |
|        15 | DHIMAL                | East Central Zone |
|        16 | DIDAYI / GATA         | East Central Zone |
|        17 | GORUM                 | East Central Zone |
|        18 | HOLIYA                | East Central Zone |
|        19 | MANDA                 | East Central Zone |
|        20 | MRU                   | East Central Zone |
|        21 | PARENGA               | East Central Zone |
|        22 | THARUA                | East Central Zone |
|        23 | THOTI                 | East Central Zone |
|        24 | TOTO                  | East Central Zone |
|        25 | AIMOL                 | North East Zone   |
|        26 | ATONG                 | North East Zone   |
|        27 | BAGI                  | North East Zone   |
|        28 | BAITE/ BIATE          | North East Zone   |

|   29 | BANGRO        | North East Zone   |
|------|---------------|-------------------|
|   30 | BAWM          | North East Zone   |
|   31 | CHINZ / ZYPHE | North East Zone   |
|   32 | CHIRU         | North East Zone   |
|   33 | CHOTHE        | North East Zone   |
|   34 | DARLONG       | North East Zone   |
|   35 | DIRANG MONPA  | North East Zone   |
|   36 | GURUNG        | North East Zone   |
|   37 | KAGATE        | North East Zone   |

|   Sl. No. | Languages / MTs     | Zone            |
|-----------|---------------------|-----------------|
|        38 | KAMI / KHAMI        | North East Zone |
|        39 | KHAMBA              | North East Zone |
|        40 | KHAMIYANG           | North East Zone |
|        41 | KHAMPTI             | North East Zone |
|        42 | KOIRENG             | North East Zone |
|        43 | KOMKAR              | North East Zone |
|        44 | KONGBO              | North East Zone |
|        45 | LAMGANG             | North East Zone |
|        46 | LIJU                | North East Zone |
|        47 | MARA                | North East Zone |
|        48 | MEYOR /ZAKHRING     | North East Zone |
|        49 | MOYON               | North East Zone |
|        50 | MUKHIYA/ SUNUWAR    | North East Zone |
|        51 | NAA                 | North East Zone |
|        52 | NEWAR / PRADHAN     | North East Zone |
|        53 | NEWARI              | North East Zone |
|        54 | PHAKIAL / TAI PHAKE | North East Zone |
|        55 | PUROIK / SULUNG     | North East Zone |
|        56 | PURUM               | North East Zone |
|        57 | RALTE               | North East Zone |
|        58 | RANGLONG            | North East Zone |
|        59 | SHERDUKPEN          | North East Zone |
|        60 | SIMONG              | North East Zone |
|        61 | SINGPHO             | North East Zone |
|        62 | TANGAM              | North East Zone |
|        63 | TARAO               | North East Zone |
|        64 | THAPA               | North East Zone |
|        65 | UCHAI               | North East Zone |
|        66 | YOBIN/YOBIN LIJU    | North East Zone |
|        67 | ZAKHRING            | North East Zone |
|        68 | CHINALI             | Northern Zone   |
|        69 | DARMIYA             | Northern Zone   |

|   70 | GAHRI            | Northern Zone   |
|------|------------------|-----------------|
|   71 | JAD              | Northern Zone   |
|   72 | JANGALI          | Northern Zone   |
|   73 | JANGSHUNG        | Northern Zone   |
|   74 | KANASHI / MALANI | Northern Zone   |
|   75 | RONGPO           | Northern Zone   |
|   76 | SPITI            | Northern Zone   |
|   77 | BALASTIN         | Northern Zone   |
|   78 | BATERI           | Northern Zone   |
|   79 | BEDA             | Northern Zone   |

|   Sl. No. | Languages / MTs   | Zone          |
|-----------|-------------------|---------------|
|        80 | BHADRALIAM        | Northern Zone |
|        81 | DARGARI           | Northern Zone |
|        82 | GOJAPURI          | Northern Zone |
|        83 | HASSADI           | Northern Zone |
|        84 | KHANA             | Northern Zone |
|        85 | KHASHA/KHASH      | Northern Zone |
|        86 | KUSHWAHI          | Northern Zone |
|        87 | MASIDI            | Northern Zone |
|        88 | MESHABI           | Northern Zone |
|        89 | PADDARI           | Northern Zone |
|        90 | SIAN              | Northern Zone |
|        91 | SIRAM             | Northern Zone |
|        92 | TEHGUL            | Northern Zone |
|        93 | ARANDAN           | Southern Zone |
|        94 | ERAVALLAN         | Southern Zone |
|        95 | HAKKIPIKKI        | Southern Zone |
|        96 | JENU KURUMBA      | Southern Zone |
|        97 | KADAR             | Southern Zone |
|        98 | KANIKER GOTTI     | Southern Zone |
|        99 | KUTIYA            | Southern Zone |
|       100 | MALAIMALASAR      | Southern Zone |
|       101 | MALASAR           | Southern Zone |
|       102 | MALAYAN           | Southern Zone |
|       103 | MANNAN            | Southern Zone |
|       104 | MOOPAN            | Southern Zone |
|       105 | MUDUGA            | Southern Zone |
|       106 | MUDUVAN           | Southern Zone |
|       107 | PALIYA            | Southern Zone |
|       108 | PULIYA            | Southern Zone |
|       109 | SIDDI             | Southern Zone |
|       110 | SOLIGA            | Southern Zone |
|       111 | TODA              | Southern Zone |
|       112 | URALI             | Southern Zone |

|   113 | BARADI           | West Central Zone   |
|-------|------------------|---------------------|
|   114 | BHALA            | West Central Zone   |
|   115 | BHARWAD/BHARWADI | West Central Zone   |
|   116 | DIWEHI           | West Central Zone   |
|   117 | NIHALI           | West Central Zone   |

## Bhasha Sanchika

## List of Languages

|   Sl.No. | Language       |
|----------|----------------|
|        1 | Aimol          |
|        2 | Ao Mongsen     |
|        3 | Aranadan       |
|        4 | Atong          |
|        5 | Beda           |
|        6 | Betta Kuruba   |
|        7 | Bhadralium     |
|        8 | Bharwad        |
|        9 | Bhunjia        |
|       10 | Biate          |
|       11 | Birhor         |
|       12 | Birjia         |
|       13 | Bondo          |
|       14 | Car Nicobarese |
|       15 | Chinali        |
|       16 | Chiru          |
|       17 | Chothe         |
|       18 | Darlong        |
|       19 | Darma          |
|       20 | Dhimal         |
|       21 | Didayi         |
|       22 | Dirang Monpa   |
|       23 | Eravallan      |
|       24 | Gahri          |
|       25 | Gojapuri       |
|       26 | Gutob Gadaba   |
|       27 | Gutob-Gadaba   |
|       28 | Hakkipikki     |
|       29 | Hassadi        |
|       30 | Holiya         |

Annexure II

|   31 | Jad         |
|------|-------------|
|   32 | Jenu Kuruba |
|   33 | Juang       |
|   34 | Khamba      |
|   35 | Khamiyang   |
|   36 | Khana       |
|   37 | Khash       |
|   38 | Kudiya      |
|   39 | Kui         |
|   40 | Lamkang     |
|   41 | Luro        |
|   42 | Malasar     |
|   43 | Malayan     |
|   44 | Manda       |
|   45 | Meshabi     |
|   46 | Moyon       |
|   47 | Muduga      |
|   48 | Nancowry    |
|   49 | Newari      |
|   50 | Paddari     |
|   51 | Palliyar    |
|   52 | Parenga     |
|   53 | Purum       |
|   54 | Ranglong    |
|   55 | Rongpo      |
|   56 | Saihriem    |
|   57 | Sanenyo     |
|   58 | Sherdukpen  |
|   59 | Shina       |
|   60 | Siddi       |
|   61 | Simong      |
|   62 | Singhpo     |
|   63 | Siram       |
|   64 | Soliga      |
|   65 | Sora        |
|   66 | Spiti       |

|   67 | Tai Phake          |
|------|--------------------|
|   68 | Tangkhul           |
|   69 | Thachanadan Moopan |
|   70 | Tharua             |
|   71 | Thoti              |
|   72 | Toda               |
|   73 | Toto               |
|   74 | Uchoi              |
|   75 | Urali              |
|   76 | Yimkhiung          |

Annexure III List of CIIL-NCERT Indian language primers (Language wise)

Date: Nov 12, 2025

|   SN | Primer name                   |   SN | Language name        | ISBN              |
|------|-------------------------------|------|----------------------|-------------------|
|    1 | Adi Primer                    |    1 | Adi                  | 978-81-19411-41-2 |
|    2 | Anal Primer                   |    2 | Anal                 | 978-81-970852-4-6 |
|    3 | Angami Primer                 |    3 | Angami               | 978-81-19411-37-5 |
|    4 | Ao Primer                     |    4 | Ao                   | 978-81-19411-22-1 |
|    5 | Assamese Primer               |    5 | Assamese             | 978-81-19411-72-6 |
|    6 | Balti Primer                  |    6 | Balti                | 978-81-973948-9-8 |
|    7 | Bengali Primer                |    7 | Bengali              | 978-81-970852-9-1 |
|    8 | Bhili (Vasava) Primer         |    8 | Bhili (Vasava)       | 978-81-970769-4-7 |
|    9 | Bhili (Wagdi) Primer          |    8 | Bhili (Wagdi)        | 978-81-977586-3-8 |
|   10 | Bhumij Primer                 |    9 | Bhumij               | 978-81-977442-6-6 |
|   11 | Bhutia Primer                 |   10 | Bhutia               | 978-81-19411-17-7 |
|   12 | Bishnupriya Manipuri Primer   |   11 | Bishnupriya Manipuri | 978-81-19411-59-7 |
|   13 | Bodo Primer                   |   12 | Bodo                 | 978-81-19411-97-9 |
|   14 | Chang Primer                  |   13 | Chang                | 978-81-972541-9-2 |
|   15 | Chokri Primer                 |   14 | Chokri               | 978-81-971148-1-6 |
|   16 | Deori Primer                  |   15 | Deori                | 978-81-19411-44-3 |
|   17 | Dimasa Primer                 |   16 | Dimasa               | 978-81-19411-77-1 |
|   18 | Dogri Primer                  |   17 | Dogri                | 978-81-970852-1-5 |
|   19 | Gadaba (Gutob) Primer         |   18 | Gadaba (Gutob)       | 978-81-19411-47-4 |
|   20 | Gangte Primer (Not Published) |   19 | Gangte               | 978-81-973948-6-7 |
|   21 | Garo Primer                   |   20 | Garo                 | 978-81-970769-6-1 |
|   22 | Gondi-Odia Primer             |   21 | Gondi                | 978-81-977442-7-3 |
|   23 | Gondi-Telugu Primer           |   21 | Gondi                | 978-81-977442-4-2 |
|   24 | Gujarati Primer               |   22 | Gujarati             | 978-81-970852-5-3 |
|   25 | Halabi (Halbi) Primer         |   23 | Halabi (Halbi)       | 978-81-19411-51-1 |
|   26 | Halam Primer                  |   24 | Halam                | 978-81-971106-7-2 |
|   27 | Hindi Primer                  |   25 | Hindi                | 978-81-970852-0-8 |
|   28 | Hmar Primer                   |   26 | Hmar                 | 978-81-19411-25-2 |
|   29 | Ho-Hindi Primer               |   27 | Ho                   | 978-81-977442-0-4 |
|   30 | Ho-Odia Primer                |   27 | Ho                   | 978-81-973948-8-1 |
|   31 | Idu Mishmi Primer             |   28 | Idu Mishmi           | 978-81-19411-66-5 |
|   32 | Jatapu (Kuvi) Primer          |   29 | Jatapu (Kuvi)        | 978-81-19411-27-6 |
|   33 | Juang Primer                  |   30 | Juang                | 978-81-19411-57-3 |
|   34 | Kabui (Rongmei) Primer        |   31 | Kabui (Rongmei)      | 978-81-19411-42-9 |
|   35 | Kandha (Khond) Primer         |   32 | Kandha (Khond)       | 978-81-977586-5-2 |
|   36 | Kannada Primer                |   33 | Kannada              | 978-81-970852-6-0 |

|   37. | Karbi Primer                        |   34. | Karbi             | 978-81-19411-67-2   |
|-------|-------------------------------------|-------|-------------------|---------------------|
|    38 | Kashmiri (Devanagari) Primer        |    35 | Kashmiri          | 978-81-970852-3-9   |
|    39 | Kashmiri (Perso-Arabic) Primer      |    35 | Kashmiri          | 978-81-977586-0-7   |
|    40 | Khandeshi Primer                    |    36 | Khandeshi         | 978-81-19411-86-3   |
|    41 | Kharia Primer                       |    37 | Kharia            | 978-81-19411-30-6   |
|    42 | Khasi Primer                        |    38 | Khasi             | 978-81-971148-9-2   |
|    43 | Khiamniungan Primer                 |    39 | Khiamniungan      | 978-81-972541-4-7   |
|    44 | Kinnauri Primer                     |    40 | Kinnauri          | 978-81-19411-75-7   |
|    45 | Kisan (Kunhu) Primer                |    41 | Kisan (Kunhu)     | 978-81-19411-52-8   |
|    46 | Koch Primer                         |    42 | Koch              | 978-81-19411-40-5   |
|    47 | Koda (Kora) Primer                  |    43 | Koda (Kora)       | 978-81-977442-1-1   |
|    48 | Kodava Primer                       |    44 | Kodava            | 978-81-19411-83-2   |
|    49 | Kokborok Primer (B) (Not Published) |    45 | Kokborok          | 978-81-971148-4-7   |
|    50 | Kokborok Primer (R) (Not Published) |    45 | Kokborok          | 978-81-19411-45-0   |
|    51 | Kolami Primer                       |    46 | Kolami            | 978-81-970769-0-9   |
|    52 | Kolami-Telugu Primer                |    46 | Kolami            | 978-81-977442-5-9   |
|    53 | Kom Primer                          |    47 | Kom               | 978-81-971148-7-8   |
|    54 | Konda Primer                        |    48 | Konda             | 978-81-19411-79-5   |
|    55 | Konkani Primer                      |    49 | Konkani           | 978-81-970852-2-2   |
|    56 | Konyak Primer                       |    50 | Konyak            | 978-81-972541-1-6   |
|    57 | Korku Primer                        |    51 | Korku             | 978-81-970769-9-2   |
|    58 | Korwa Primer                        |    52 | Korwa             | 978-81-970769-8-5   |
|    59 | Koya Primer                         |    53 | Koya              | 978-81-19411-65-8   |
|    60 | Kui Primer                          |    54 | Kui               | 978-81-19411-93-1   |
|    61 | Kuki Primer                         |    55 | Kuki              | 978-81-970769-3-0   |
|    62 | Kurukh Primer                       |    56 | Kurukh            | 978-81-19411-49-8   |
|    63 | Kuzhale (Khezha) Primer             |    57 | Kuzhale (Khezha)  | 978-81-19411-73-3   |
|    64 | Ladakhi Primer                      |    58 | Ladakhi           | 978-81-973948-4-3   |
|    65 | Lahauli (Pattani) Primer            |    59 | Lahauli (Pattani) | 978-81-977442-2-8   |
|    66 | Lai (Pawi) Primer                   |    60 | Lai (Pawi)        | 978-81-972541-0-9   |
|    67 | Lepcha Primer                       |    61 | Lepcha            | 978-81-19411-60-3   |
|    68 | Liangmai Primer                     |    62 | Liangmai          | 978-81-19411-46-7   |
|    69 | Limbu Primer                        |    63 | Limbu             | 978-81-19411-94-8   |
|    70 | Lotha Primer                        |    64 | Lotha             | 978-81-19411-50-4   |
|    71 | Maithili Primer                     |    65 | Maithili          | 978-81-971106-5-8   |
|    72 | Malayalam Primer                    |    66 | Malayalam         | 978-81-971106-2-7   |
|    73 | Malto Primer                        |    67 | Malto             | 978-81-977586-4-5   |
|    74 | Manipuri Primer                     |    68 | Manipuri          | 978-81-19411-24-5   |
|    75 | Mao Primer                          |    69 | Mao               | 978-81-19411-18-4   |
|    76 | Mara (Lakher) Primer                |    70 | Mara (Lakher)     | 978-81-972541-6-1   |
|    77 | Maram Primer                        |    71 | Maram             | 978-81-971148-0-9   |

|   78. | Marathi Primer                         |   72. | Marathi       | 978-81-971106-1-0   |
|-------|----------------------------------------|-------|---------------|---------------------|
|    79 | Maring Primer                          |    73 | Maring        | 978-81-971148-5-4   |
|    80 | Mising Primer                          |    74 | Mising        | 978-81-19411-68-9   |
|    81 | Mizo Primer                            |    75 | Mizo          | 978-81-19411-70-2   |
|    82 | Mogh Primer                            |    76 | Mogh          | 978-81-19411-71-9   |
|    83 | Monpa Primer                           |    77 | Monpa         | 978-81-971148-8-5   |
|    84 | Munda Primer                           |    78 | Munda         | 978-81-977586-9-0   |
|    85 | Mundari Primer                         |    79 | Mundari       | 978-81-19411-80-1   |
|    86 | Nepali Primer                          |    80 | Nepali        | 978-81-19411-82-5   |
|    87 | Nicobarese: Car Nicobarese (Pū) Primer |    81 | Nicobarese    | 978-81-977586-1-4   |
|    88 | Nicobarese: Nancowry (Mūöt) Primer     |    81 | Nicobarese    | 978-81-977586-7-6   |
|    89 | Nocte Primer                           |    82 | Nocte         | 978-81-971148-3-0   |
|    90 | Nyishi Primer                          |    83 | Nyishi        | 978-81-19411-85-6   |
|    91 | Odia Primer                            |    84 | Odia          | 978-81-971106-6-5   |
|    92 | Paite Primer (Not Published)           |    85 | Paite         | 978-81-973948-0-5   |
|    93 | Parji (Durua) Primer                   |    86 | Parji (Durua) | 978-81-977586-8-3   |
|    94 | Pashto Primer                          |    87 | Pashto        | 978-81-973948-1-2   |
|    95 | Phom primer                            |    88 | Phom          | 978-81-971148-2-3   |
|    96 | Pochury Primer                         |    89 | Pochury       | 978-81-972541-8-5   |
|    97 | Punjabi Primer                         |    90 | Punjabi       | 978-81-971106-8-9   |
|    98 | Rabha Primer                           |    91 | Rabha         | 978-81-19411-23-8   |
|    99 | Rai Primer                             |    92 | Rai           | 978-81-19411-29-0   |
|   100 | Rengma Primer                          |    93 | Rengma        | 978-81-972541-3-0   |
|   101 | Sangtam Primer                         |    94 | Sangtam       | 978-81-972541-2-3   |
|   102 | Sanskrit Primer                        |    95 | Sanskrit      | 978-81-970852-7-7   |
|   103 | Santali-Bengali Primer                 |    96 | Santali       | 978-81-970769-5-4   |
|   104 | Santali-Hindi Primer                   |    96 | Santali       | 978-81-970852-8-4   |
|   105 | Santali-Odia Primer                    |    96 | Santali       | 978-81-970769-1-6   |
|   106 | Savara (Sora) Primer                   |    97 | Savara (Sora) | 978-81-19411-81-8   |
|   107 | Sherpa Primer                          |    98 | Sherpa        | 978-81-19411-39-9   |
|   108 | Shina Primer                           |    99 | Shina         | 978-81-973948-7-4   |
|   109 | Sindhi (Devanagari) Primer             |   100 | Sindhi        | 978-81-971106-9-6   |
|   110 | Sindhi (Perso-Arabic) Primer           |   100 | Sindhi        | 978-81-971106-4-1   |
|   111 | Sümi (Sema) Primer                     |   101 | Sümi (Sema)   | 978-81-19411-69-6   |
|   112 | Tamang Primer                          |   102 | Tamang        | 978-81-19411-36-8   |
|   113 | Tamil Primer                           |   103 | Tamil         | 978-81-971106-3-4   |
|   114 | Tangkhul Primer                        |   104 | Tangkhul      | 978-81-19411-61-0   |
|   115 | Tangsa Primer                          |   105 | Tangsa        | 978-81-970769-7-8   |
|   116 | Telugu Primer                          |   106 | Telugu        | 978-81-971106-0-3   |
|   117 | Thadou-Kuki Primer (Not Published)     |   107 | Thadou-Kuki   | 978-81-972541-7-8   |
|   118 | Tibetan Primer                         |   108 | Tibetan       | 978-81-973948-3-6   |
|   119 | Tiwa (Lalung) Primer                   |   109 | Tiwa          | 978-81-19411-63-4   |

|   120. | Tulu Primer                    | 110.   | Tulu      | 978-81-19411-21-4   |
|--------|--------------------------------|--------|-----------|---------------------|
|    121 | Urdu Primer                    | 111.   | Urdu      | 978-81-970769-2-3   |
|    122 | Vaiphei Primer (Not Published) | 112.   | Vaiphei   | 978-81-973948-5-0   |
|    123 | Wancho Primer                  | 113.   | Wancho    | 978-81-19411-15-3   |
|    124 | Yimkhiung Primer               | 114.   | Yimkhiung | 978-81-971148-6-1   |
|    125 | Zeme Primer                    | 115.   | Zeme      | 978-81-972541-5-4   |
|    126 | Zeme-Manipuri Primer           | 115,   | Zeme      | ………………….            |
|    127 | Zou Primer (Not Published)     | 116.   | Zou       | 978-81-973948-2-9   |

* 127 CIIL-NCERT Primers for 116 Indian languages. ** 119 primers for 110 Indian languages published and released. *** 7 primers for 6 Indian languages developed but not published and released.

- **** Zeme-Manipuri Primer is going to be developed in a workshop from Nov 17 to 22, 2025 at CIIL, Mysuru.

****