opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 1364 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Adoption of Villages
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: GEETHA KOTHAPALLI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1364 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## ADOPTION OF VILLAGES

## 1364. SHRIMATI KOTHAPALLI GEETHA:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has asked Universities such as Indian Institute of Technology to adopt villages; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the response received so far along with the present status thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a) to (b) : Yes, Madam. Ministry of Human Resource Development has launched the Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) on 11 th November, 2014 to enable Higher Educational Institutions  to  work  with  the  people  of  rural  India  in  identifying  development challenges  and  evolving  appropriate  solutions  for  accelerating  sustainable  growth. The Government has asked all the Higher Educational Institutions which are funded by the Central/State Government and all Institutions which are under approval by the regulatory  bodies  to  adopt  cluster  of  backward  Gram  Panchayats/  villages  in  their vicinity and apply their knowledge and expertise to improving the infrastructure in the Gram  Panchayats  under  their  supervision.  The  details  regarding  the  UBA  can  be accessed  at  http://unnat.iitd.ac.in.  So  far,  128  villages  have  been  identified  for intervention by Institutions of Higher Education.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1362 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Revamping of UGC
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: RAYAPATI SAMBASIVA RAO

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1362 TO BE ANSWERED ON. 07.12.2015

## Revamping of UGC

## 1362. SHRI RAYAPATI SAMBASIVA RAO:

Will  the  Minister  of  HUMAN  RESOURCE  DEVELOPMENT  be  pleased  to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  any  proposal  for  revamping  of  University  Grants Commission (UGC);
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the time by which it is likely to be implemented?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

- (a)  & (b): The Government had constituted a Review Committee headed by Dr. Hari Gautam,  former  Chairman,  University  Grants  Commission  (UGC)  to  review  the working of the UGC. The Committee has recommended that instead of undertaking amendments in the UGC Act, 1956, the 'National Higher Education Authority' Act be set up to repeal the existing UGC  Act,  1956. The  Committee  has  further recommended that the National Higher Education Authority be invested with powers to  reward  and  punish  the  quality  or  its  absence  as  the  case  may  be  in  higher educational institutions including the power to derecognize and/or debar the erring institutions from functioning. The Authority is recommended to have three Boards to independently  look  after  various  functions  of  Authority  in  coordination  with  each other,  namely:  'Regulatory  Board'  to  look  after  academics,  research  and  the Regulatory  Functions;  'Funding  Board'  to  evolve  the  norms  and  parameters  for allocation  and  be  responsible  for  disbursement  of  grants  including  their  effective utilization;  and  'Higher  Education  Councils'  Coordination  Board'  to  coordinate activities of different councils of Higher Education. The Committee has also recommended to revamp and remodel the UGC into a changed organization, through executive orders, till enactment of the new Act. (c): The report is being examined, in its entirety, in consultation with the Niti Aayog.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 1359 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Indian History
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: J.C. DIVAKAR REDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

## DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1359 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## Indian History

1359. DR. J.C. DIVAKAR REDDY:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is contemplating to draft in some new persons to rewrite certain of Indian history; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof;

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

- (a) & (b)  No, Madam. As per information received from the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR), there is no proposal to draft in some new persons to rewrite certain aspects of Indian history.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 1358 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Risk Allowance to Workers
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: MD. BADARIDDOZA KHAN

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1358 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## RISK ALLOWANCE TO WORKERS

1358. SHRI MD. BADARUDDOZA KHAN:

Will  the  Minister  of  LABOUR  AND  EMPLOYMENT  be  pleased  to state:

- (a)whether  any  risk  allowance  is  given  to  the  workers  including contract  workers  of  hazardous  industries/factories  in  the  country particularly to workers of Coal India Limited;
- (b)if so, the details thereof; and
- (c)if  not,  the  reasons  therefor  along  with  the  proposal,  if  any,  under consideration of the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (IC) FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI BANDARU DATTATREYA)

- (a)  to (c):  The risk allowance is not being paid to the workers of Coal India Limited and its Subsidiary Companies. Rather, it is being paid as Difficulties Allowance.

The  details  of  Difficulties  Allowance  which  is  agreed  in  Bi-partite forum under National Coal Wage Agreement-IX (NCWA-IX) is as under:

Thin Seam Allowance:

Considering the special difficulties of piece-rated and time rated/monthly rated workers in the face underground in thin seams the following payment shall be made w.e.f. 01.02.2012:

## Rate of Payment :

- (i) Seams above 1.5m thickness - Nil
- (i)
- Seams of 1 meter to 1.5 meters thickness-

- (a) An amount equal to 5% of revised basic for basket loading and 2.5% of revised basic for shoveling on to conveyor.
- (b) An  amount  equal  to  2%  of  revised  basic  for  time  rated, monthly rated and other piece-rated workers required to work at a place where height is between 1 to 1.5 m.

## Travelling over Steep Gradients:

Where travelling  over  steep  gradients  exceeds  1000  meters  and  the average gradient is in excess of 1 in 3, an allowance of Rs.8.18 per shift  will  be  paid  to  each  of  the  workers  working  in  such  a  mine  or district  or  section  with  effect  from  01-02-2012.  Where  such  traveling exceeds 2000 meters, this allowance will be Rs.16.35 per attendance with effect from 01-02-2012.

NOTE:    For  this  purpose,  the  average  gradient  means  the  level difference  between  bottom  of  pit  or  incline  mouth  to  the  relevant working place divided by the plan distance between the two places.

Underground Allowance: Underground allowance is also being paid to all employees working in underground mines and Assam allowance is being paid to employees working in the mines in the state of Assam.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 1356 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Scheme in Higher Education
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: VISHNU DAYAL RAM

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1356 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## SCHEME IN HIGHER EDUCATION †1356. SHRI VISHNU DAYAL RAM:

- Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state: (a)  whether  the  Government  has  signed  an  agreement  with  America  to  initiate  a  new programme entitled Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN) in higher education; (b) if so, the details thereof; (c)  the  details  of  programmes  initiated  by  the  America  and  other  countries  to  strengthen scientific and technological capabilities under 'GIAN'; (d) whether the Government proposes to link GIAN with 'Skill India' campaign; and (e)  if  so,  the  names  of  higher  education  institutes  proposed  to  be  brought  under  the  said
- programme?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a) to (b) No, Madam. (c) The Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN) has been launched to bring high

- quality foreign faculty from all countries to teach in higher education institutes in India. It covers thirteen broad disciplines in science, engineering, humanities, management and law. As on date 352 proposals, involving faculty from 38 countries have either been approved or under consideration. Each teaching module is a one week (12 to 14 hours) or two week (24 to  28  hours)  course  which  is  taught  by  a  faculty  from  abroad  in  an  Indian  academic

Institution, sometimes jointly with the Indian host faculty. Students and faculty of Indian institutions as well as members of industry, research institutions can participate and attend these courses.

(d) to (e) No, Madam.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1354 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Export of Flowers
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: B. S. YEDDYURAPPA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1354 TO BE ANSWERED ON 7 TH  DECEMBER, 2015

## EXPORT OF FLOWERS

## 1354. SHRI B.S. YEDIYURAPPA:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE & INDUSTRY ( वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री ) be pleased to state:

- a) whether India's export of flowers has decreased as compared to previous year and if so, the details thereof;
- b) whether the Government has made any study to find out the factors responsible for the decline in export of flowers;
- c) if so, the details thereof and the outcome thereof; and
- d) the measures taken/proposed to be taken by the Government to increase the export of flowers?

## ANSWER

वाणिज् य एवं उद्योग राज् य मंत्री )श्रीमती निममला सीतारमि((स्वतंत्र प्रभार ) THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) (SMT. NIRMALA SITHARAMAN)

- (a) Details of India's exports of floriculture products, during the past three years and the current year are as under:

| Year                  |   2012-13 |   2013-14 |   2014-15 |   2015-16 (Apr-Oct) |   2014-15 (Apr-Oct) |
|-----------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|---------------------|---------------------|
| Value (In Rs. crores) |    423.45 |     455.9 |     460.8 |              278.82 |              268.84 |

As  indicated  above,  exports  of  floriculture  products  from  India  has increased  steadily  over  the  years.  Even  during  the  current  year,  the exports during the period April - October are higher as compared to the corresponding period of the previous year.

(b&c) Does not arise in view of (a) above.

- (d) Encouraging  exports  of  agricultural  products,  including  flowers,  is  a continuous  process.  Agricultural  and  Processed  Food  Products  Export

Development Authority (APEDA)  provides financial assistance to exporters  of  horticulture  produce,  including  flowers,  through  various components of its Plan Scheme viz. Infrastructure Development, Market Promotion, Quality Development and Transport Assistance. Besides these measures, the Ministry of Commerce & Industry has put in place various schemes namely Market Development Assistance (MDA), Market Assistance  Initiative  (MAI)  and  Merchandise  Export  Incentive  Scheme (MEIS) etc. to provide assistance to encourage exports.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 1350 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Educational Degrees
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: AJAY (TENI) MISRA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO . 1350 TO BE ANSWERED ON 7 TH  DECEMBER, 2015

## Educational Degrees

†1350 . SHRI AJAY MISRA TENI:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  taken  note  of  the  cases  of  possession  of  fake educational degrees by the people particularly by teachers in the country;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the steps taken by the Government to resolve the problem;
- (d)  whether  the  existing  laws  are  adequate  to  resolve  the  problem  related  to issuance and receipt of fake educational degrees; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a) to (c):  Each year the University Grants Commission (UGC) publishes a 'Public Notice' containing a list of fake universities and self-styled unrecognized institutions for  awareness  of  general  public  and  students  on  its  website  www.ugc.ac.in  .  The Ministry  of  Human Resource Development has requested the Chief Secretaries of State  Governments,  where  these  fake  universities /  institutions  are  situated,  to investigate  the  matter  and  register  complaints  with  the  police.    The  UGC  too  has written to all the Chief Secretaries, Home Secretaries and Education Secretaries of all  States/Union  Territories  to  initiate  a  drive  against  institutions  offering  degrees without approval of the statutory authorities.

Universities  are  autonomous  entities,  created  by  both  Central  and  State Governments  and  the  data  regarding  fake  degrees  is  not  centrally  maintained.

Universities have powers to lay down rules of admissions through ordinances and initiate action against officials involved in such cases. (d) & (e):  Specific instances of fake educational degrees can be proceeded against on the basis of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC).  However, in order to detect and deter instances of issue of fake degrees, this  Ministry  is  in  the  process  of  consideration  of  a  National  Academic  Depository which envisages online storage, verification and authentication of academic awards in the depository.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1347 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Funds For ESIC
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: SURESH KODIKUNNIL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1347 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## FUNDS FOR ESIC

1347. SHRI KODIKUNNIL SURESH:

Will  the  Minister  of  LABOUR  AND  EMPLOYMENT  be  pleased  to state:

- (a)whether  the  Employees  State  Insurance  (ESIC)  Corporation  has received  any  proposal  from  State  Insurance  service  from  some States including Kerala for more allocation of money; (b)if  so,  the  amount of allocation that has been sought from ESIC by
- various States, State/UT-wise; and (c)the status thereon as on date, State/UT-wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (IC) FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI BANDARU DATTATREYA)

(a) to (c): The Employees' State Insurance Corporation has not received any proposal from Kerala State Insurance Services for more allocation  of  money.  However,  one  proposal  from  Tripura,  State insurance services for additional allocation of Rs. 59,33,053/- has been received, which is under process.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 1344 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Udyog Aadhar
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: SULTAN  AHMED

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY

## DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY & PROMOTION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1344. TO BE ANSWERED ON MONDAY, THE 7 TH  DECEMBER, 2015.

## UDYOG AADHAR

## 1344. SHRI SULTAN AHMED:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

be pleased to state: वाणिज् यवव द्यग ं ्री

- (a) the steps taken by the Government to accelerate the "start up and stand up";
- (b) whether the Government proposes to introduce "Udyog  Aadhar";
- (c) if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) the funds allocated for start up and stand up and its utilization, State-wise?

## ANSWER

## वाणिज् यवव द्यग ााज् यं ्रीस् वतं ््रभााा(स्रींतंरीिरंमलााीरीतंाांि( THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRIMATI NIRMALA SITHARAMAN)

- (a): A  team  has  been  constituted  to  suggest  policy  recommendations  for creation of a conducive eco-system for start-ups.  A consulting agency has been appointed to assist the team in its work.

(b)&(c): To enable ease of registration of MSMEs, Government has notified a simple  one-page  registration  Form  'Udyog  Aadhar  Memorandum'  on 18 th September  2015.    The  Udyog  Aadhar  Memorandum  provides hassle-free instant registration of MSMEs after filing a one page online form.   The  one  page  Udyog  Aadhar  Memorandum  constitute  a  selfdeclaration format under which the MSME will self-certify its existence, bank account details, promoter/owner Aadhar details and other related information. The Udyog Aadhar envisages a business friendly environment with easy entry procedures to encourage entrepreneurial activity for setting up business.

- (d): No  funds  are  allocated  to  States  for  'startup  India,  Standup  India' initiative.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 1343 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Scholarships to North Eastern Students
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: RAM PRASAD SARMAH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1343 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## Scholarships to North Eastern Students

## 1343. SHRI  RAM  PRASAD SARMAH:

Will the Minister of   HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the  details  of  the  scholarships  given  to  the  students  in  schools  and  colleges  in  North Eastern Region during the last three years, State-wise;
- (b) the  details  of  school/college  students'  scholarship  awarded  to  SC/ST  students  during  the said period;
- (c) whether the Government proposes to start any special scholarship scheme for North Eastern Region students; and
- (d) if so, the details  thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a) & (b) : The Ministries / Departments of Social Justice and Empowerment, Empowerment of  Persons with Disabilities, Tribal Affairs, School Education and Literacy, Higher Education and Minority Affairs have awarded the following scholarships during last three years in North Eastern Region:

| State             |   Total Number of Beneficiaries |     SC |     ST |
|-------------------|---------------------------------|--------|--------|
| Arunachal Pradesh |                           36487 |      0 |  36438 |
| Assam             |                          634927 | 136218 | 326357 |
| Manipur           |                          309207 |  17629 | 263834 |
| Meghalaya         |                          276162 |    593 | 251898 |
| Mizoram           |                          327651 |     20 | 186021 |
| Nagaland          |                          162695 |     27 | 118443 |
| Sikkim            |                           15950 |   1373 |   9756 |
| Tripura           |                          378551 | 153736 | 213496 |

(c) & (d) : The Ministry has launched the 'ISHAN UDAY'  Scheme in 2014 for promoting higher education in the North Eastern Region.
Lok Sabha Question No. 1341 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: Discrimination Against Tribals
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: RAGHAV LAKHANPAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1341

TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

## DISCRIMINATION AGAINST TRIBALS

## 1341. SHRI RAGHAV LAKHANPAL:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of complaints received by the Government regarding discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (ST) students in schools and other educational institutions in the last one year and the current year, State/UT-wise along with the action taken/being taken by the Government thereon; and
- (b) the details of the measures taken by the Government in the last one year along with the directions issued to the State/UTs to curb discrimination against ST students?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SHRI MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA)

- (a) to (b):    The running of schools and educational institutions is a state matter hence database on discrimination against tribal students is not maintained in the Ministry. While the National Commission for ST has been set up to look into grievances / complaints of harassment of the tribal  people,  complaints,  if  any,  on  discrimination  in  schools  and  educational  institutions received in the Ministry are sent to the State Governments/UT Administrations for redressal.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1337 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-07
Subject: DA for Pensioners under PF
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: K. MARAGATHAM, A. ARUNMOZHITHEVAN, C.S. PUTTARAJU

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1337

TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.12.2015

DA FOR PENSIONERS UNDER PF

1337. SHRIMATI K. MARAGATHAM:

SHRI A. ARUNMOZHITHEVAN:

SHRI C.S. PUTTA RAJU:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state: (a)whether  the  Government  has  implemented  the  decision  to  increase  the minimum pension under Employees Provident Fund (EPF) Pensions;

- (b)if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;
- (c)whether  the  Government  proposes  to  make  proportional  increase  to  the pensioners who are getting more than Rs. 1000;
- (d)if so, the details thereof; and
- (e)whether the Government has also any proposal to pay pensions with Dearness  Allowance  (DA)  to  pensioners  under  EPS  1995  and  if  so,  the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (IC) FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI BANDARU DATTATREYA)

- (a): No,  Madam.   The minimum pension for pensioners under  Employees' Pension Scheme (EPS), 1995 remains at Rs. 1000/- per month.
- (b): The  Union  Cabinet  in  its  meeting  held  on  29.04.2015  has  approved continuation  of  minimum  pension  of  Rs.  1000/-  per  month  under  EPS,  1995 beyond 2014-15 in perpetuity with certain conditionalities. The deductions on account of benefits availed by pensioners on the basis of choice exercised at the  time  of  making  claim  like  Commutation,  Return  of  Capital  and  Short Service  Pension  are  continued  to  be  applied  on  the  minimum  pension amount.
- (c): No, Madam.
- (d): Does not arise in view of reply to part (c) of the Question above.
- (e): There  is  no  proposal  under  consideration  at  present  for  providing inflation-linked  Dearness Allowance (DA) to pensioners of EPS, 1995.   The issue of index-linking of pension by fully neutralizing inflation was considered by the Expert Committee constituted by the Government in the year 2009 for review of EPS, 1995 and the same was found not feasible in the case of a funded scheme like EPS,1995. In EPS, 1995, the contribution of the employer and  Government  is  at  a  fixed  rate  of  8.33  per  cent  and  1.16  per  cent respectively.  Therefore, the  value  of  benefits  cannot  be left  open-ended  by linking it with inflation which is variable.

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