Lok Sabha Question No. 2071 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-03-10
Subject: Fossil Fuel Reserves
Ministry: POWER
Asked by: M. CHANDRAKASI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF POWER

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2071 TO BE ANSWERED ON 10.03.2016

## FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES

2071.  SHRI M. CHANDRAKASI:

Will the Minister of POWER be pleased to state:

(a) the present  level of fossil fuel  reserves  in  the  country  and  expected period/year by which the same will be exhausted;

(b) the  details  of  new  alternate  energy  sources  which  have  been  identified  for exploration and use in future especially after exhausting fossil fuel reserves; and

(c) the  details  of  R&D  works  undertaken  in  the  country  and  the  world  over  to meet future energy needs after exhausting fossil fuels?

## A N S W E R

THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR POWER, COAL AND NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY

( SHRI  PIYUSH GOYAL )

(a) : As  per  the  information  available  with  Central  Electricity  Authority (CEA), the present level of coal reserves are 301.5 billion tonnes and may last for around  100  years.  There  are  47  trillion  cubic  ft.  of  natural  gas  reserves  and  800 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of oil reserves. These reserves are expected to last for 30-40 years. Further, lignite reserves of 44,114.24 Million Tonnes (MT) are available in the country. However, based on the present techno commercial viability of lignite mining,  the  mineable  reserve  in  the  country  is  estimated  at  4326  MT.  The  lignite reserves is expected to last for around 85 years.

(b) : Renewable Energy  Sources (RES) like  Solar,  Wind  (including  off-shore wind),  Bio-mass,  Tidal,  Geo-Thermal  &  small  hydro  etc.  have  been  identified  for development, which would replace fossil fuels.

(c) : The  details  of  R&D  Projects  on  RES,  undertaken  under  the  R&D Schemes of the Ministry of Power, are given in the Annex.

The world over,  R&D  efforts  are  directed  towards  improving  RES  and allied energy storage and addressing issues related to grid integration of RES.

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## ANNEX REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (c) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.  2071 TO BE ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 10.03.2016.

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## DETAILS OF R & D PROJECTS RELATED TO 'RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES' COMPLETED PROJECTS

| SI.   | Title                                                                                       | Institute/ Organization       |
|-------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| No.   |                                                                                             |                               |
| 1     | A Study on Stability & Reliability of the power system with large penetration of Wind Power | CPRI ( Power System Division) |

## ON-GOING PROJECTS

|   Sl. No. | Title                                                                                                                    | Institute/ Organization                                                            |
|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|         1 | Application of intelligent control to hybrid wind diesel-solar power system                                              | NIT, Hazratbal, Srinagar                                                           |
|         2 | FPGA Based Development of Different MPPT Algorithms for a Stand-Alone Photo Voltaic System using Artificial Intelligence | National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka |
|         3 | Hydrogen Fuel Generation by Splitting of Water using Nano sized Metal Doped Layered Titanates for Fuel Cell Applications | Alagappa College of Technology(A.C. Tech) Campus, Anna University                  |

## PROJECTS APPROVED

|   Sl No. | Title                                                                                                                                                                              | Institute/ Organization                                     |
|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|        1 | Effect of harmonic due to large scale penetration of Rooftop SPV Power Plant                                                                                                       | DSD, CPRI                                                   |
|        2 | Development of Control Strategies for Grid Connected PV System utilizing the MPPT and Reactive Power Capability                                                                    | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur                       |
|        3 | Investigation on the operation and control of multiple distributed generation sources in micro grid (Phase-II)                                                                     | National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal |
|        4 | Day Ahead Solar Power Forecasting for Indian Climatic Zone                                                                                                                         | Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore                 |
|        5 | Design, development and deployment of grid interfaced power conversion unit for solar -wind power generation system                                                                | Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai                  |
|        6 | Development of Smart Grid, Controllers for Hybrid Renewable Distributed Generator for a Stand - alone and Grid-connected Operation Addressing Reliability and Power Quality Issues | National Institute of Technology Puducherry                 |
|        7 | Development of solid state transformer as a wind power interfacing device                                                                                                          | National Institute of Technology Calicut                    |
|        8 | Development and demonstration of 1 k W soluble lead redox flow battery system for solar energy and retrieval                                                                       | EATD, CPRI                                                  |

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