Lok Sabha Question No. 2281 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Conservation of Medicinal Plants
Ministry: AYURVEDA,YOGA & NATUROPATHY,UNANI,SIDDHA AND HOMEOPATHY (AYUSH)
Asked by: KAMALBHAN SINGH MARABI, BHAVANA GAWALI (PATIL)

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH)

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2281 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29 TH JULY, 2016

## CONSERVATION OF MEDI CINAL PLANTS

## 2281. SHRI KAMALBHAN SINGH MARABI: SHRIMATI BHAVANA PUNDALIKRAO GAWALI PATIL:

Will the Minister of AYURVEDA,YOGA AND NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH) be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the medicinal plants existing in India;
- (b) whether the National Medicinal Plant Board is carrying out conservation, farming, processing and storage of all the available medicinal and aromatic plants;
- (c) if so, details thereof plant - wise;
- (d) whether several medicinal plants are becoming extinct; and
- (e) if so, the details of the medicinal and aromatic plants which are becoming extinct, State - wise including various efforts being made for their conservation?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE (IC) OF THE MINISTRY OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (SHRI SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK)

and

- (a): The Botanical Survey of India (BSI), an organization under Ministry of Environme Forests &  Climate  Change,  Government  of India has  been  carrying out survey documentation  of  all  plant  resources  of  the  countr y  including  medicinal/aromatic  plants  and herbs. As per BSI estimate more than 8,000 species of medicinal herbs and medicinal plan found in the country.
- (b) & (c): The  National  Medicinal  Plants  Board  (NMPB),  Ministry  of  AYUSH  has  been implementing f ollowing Schemes w.e.f. 2008 - 09 for overall development of the Medicinal Plants sector in the country:
- (i) Central Sector Scheme on 'Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants' aimed at providing support for survey, inventori zation, in - situ conservation, ex- situ  conservation  /  herbal  gardens,  linkage  with  Joint  Forest  Management  Committ (JFMCs), Research and Development etc.  The scheme is being implemented since 2008 and continued during the 12th Plan.

(ii) Centrally Sponsored Scheme of 'National Mission on Medicinal Plants' primarily aimed at  supporting  cultivation  of  medicinal  plants  on  private  land  with  backwards  linkag establishment of nurseries, for supply of quality planting material and forward linkages for post -harvest  management  etc.    Since  2014 -15,  the  Scheme  is  being  implemented  as  'Medicinal Plants'  component  under  National  AYUSH Mission (NAM) Scheme of  Ministry of AYUSH. Presently, under the scheme, cultivation / farming of 140 prioritized medic nal plants species are being supported by NMPB (Annexure) .

(d) & (e): According  to  BSI,  an  organization  under  Ministry  of  Environment,  Forest  & Climate Change, about 70 medicinal and aromatic plants species are threatened due to va anthropogenic activities.

The threatened medicinal and aromatic plants are as follows:

Aconitum  balfouri,  Aconitum  chasmanthum,  Aconitum  deinorrhizum,  Aconitum  falconeri  var latilobum,  Aconitum  ferox,  Aconitum  heterophyllum,  Acorus  gramineus,  Allium  str achey , Amyris balsamifera, Angelica glauca, Anogeissus sericea var. numularia, Aquilla mallaccensis,  Aquilaria  khasiana,  Aristolochia  bracteolata,  Aristolochia  indica,  Ar benthamii, Atropa acuminata, Berberis affinis, Berberis apiculata, Berberis aristata, Bergenia stracheyi,  Boronia  megastigma,  Capparis  pachyphylla,  Carum  villosum,  Cedrus  deodara, Colchicum  luteum,  Coptis  teeta,  Coscinium  fenestratum,  Dactylorhiza  hatagirea,  Diosco deltoidea, Elaeocarpus prunifolius, Ephedra gerardiana, Ferrula gummosa, Gaultheria fragrantissima,  Gentiana  kurooa,  Gloriosa  superba,  Hedychium  coronarium,  Hedychium spicatum,  Hyoscyamus  niger,  Hydnocarpus  macrocarpa,  Inula  racemosa,  Iphigenia  indica, Iphigenia pallida, Iphigenia stellata, Jurinea dolomiaea, Kolancho roseus, Madhuca insignis, Myristica  fragrans,  Myroxylon  balsamum  var.  pereirae,  Nardostachys  grandiflora,  Origanu vulgare,  Panax  pseudoginseng,  Picrorhiza  kurrooa,  Podophyllum  hexandrum,  Pogostemon cablin, Pterocarpus santalinus, Rauvolfia serpentina, R heum emodi, Santalum album, Satureja horensis,  Saussurea  bracteata,  Saussurea  costus,  Saussurea  gnaphalodes,  Swertia  chiray Taxus wallichiana, Taxocarpus kurzii, Urginea indica, Urginea maritima and Vite peduncularis.

Under NMPB's Central Sector Scheme on Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants special attention is being given to conserve endangered sp of medicinal plants in their natural habitat by way of in - situ conservation throu gh development of  Medicinal  Plants  Conservation  &  Development  Areas  (MPCDAs)  and  by  way  of ex- situ conservation through development of Herbal Gardens.

…………..

## Annexure

## List of 140 prioritized medicinal plants for cultivation under Medicinal Plants component of National AYUSH Mission (NAM) Scheme of Ministry of AYUSH

## PLANTS ELIGIBLE FOR 30% SUBSIDY

|   # | Botanical Name                                   | Common Name                                                                  | Cost per acre (In rupees)   |
|-----|--------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
|   1 | Abrus precatorius                                | Chirmati, Chinnoti, Gudumani                                                 | 22,215                      |
|   2 | Acorus calamus Linn.                             | Vach                                                                         | 30,250                      |
|   3 | Adhatoda zeylanica                               | Adusa                                                                        | 8,615                       |
|   4 | Aloe vera (Linn.) Burn.                          | Ghritkumari                                                                  | 20,570                      |
|   5 | Alpinia calcarata                                | Smaller Galangal                                                             | 27,394                      |
|   6 | Alpinia galanga                                  | Greater Galanga                                                              | 23,628                      |
|   7 | Andrographis paniculata (Linn.) Burn             | Kalmegh                                                                      | 12,100                      |
|   8 | Artemisia annua (Linn.)                          | Artemisia                                                                    | 16,113                      |
|   9 | Asparagus racemosus Willd.                       | Shatavari                                                                    | 30,250                      |
|  10 | Azadirachta indica A. Juss                       | Neem                                                                         | 18,150                      |
|  11 | Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell                     | Brahmi                                                                       | 19,360                      |
|  12 | Bergenia ciliata Stern.                          | Pashnabheda                                                                  | 33,119                      |
|  13 | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.                         | Punarnava                                                                    | 14,520                      |
|  14 | Cassia angustifolia Vahl.                        | Senna                                                                        | 12,100                      |
|  15 | Caesalpinia sappan Linn.                         | Patang                                                                       | 25,918                      |
|  16 | Catharanthus roseus                              | Sadabahar                                                                    | 12,100                      |
|  17 | Celastrus paniculatus                            | Malkangani, Jyothismathi, Bavanthi Beeja                                     | 10,744                      |
|  18 | Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban                  | Mandookparni                                                                 | 19,360                      |
|  19 | Chlorophytum borivillianum Sant.                 | Shwet Musali                                                                 | 1,51,250                    |
|  20 | Cinnamomum verum Presl C. tamala and C. camphora | Dalchini, Tejpat, Kapoor                                                     | 37,510 21,503 *             |
|  21 | Citrullus colocynthis Forsk                      | Indrayan, Colocynth, Chitraphala, Gavaksi, Kasturasa, Trapusi, Bitterm apple | *                           |
|  22 | Clerodendrum phlomoidis L.f                      | Ami                                                                          | 15,560                      |
|  23 | Clitoria ternatea L.(Blue & White veriety)       | Aparajita                                                                    | 15,560                      |
|  24 | Coleus barbatus Benth. Syn. Coleus forskholii    | Pather Chur                                                                  | 20,812                      |
|  25 | Coleus vettiveroides K.C. Jacob                  | Hrivera                                                                      | *                           |
|  26 | Convolvulus microphyllus                         | Shankhpushpi                                                                 | 16,113                      |
|  27 | Cryptolepis buchanani Roem & schult              | Krsna sariva                                                                 | 20,598                      |
|  28 | Curcuma augustifolia                             | Tikhur                                                                       | *                           |
|  29 | Dacalophis hmiltonii                             | Nannari                                                                      | *                           |
|  30 | Digitalis purpurea Linn.                         | Foxglove                                                                     | *                           |

|   31. | Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.             | Rotalu, Gethi                                                                                  | 30,250   |
|-------|---------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|
|    32 | Eclipta alba Hassk.                   | Kesuria, Bhangru, Bhangra, Kesuti, Ajagara, Bringaraj, Kesar raja, Sumilaka, Suparna, Weed yam | 11,664   |
|    33 | Embelia ribes Burm. f.                | Vai Vidang                                                                                     | 20,570   |
|    34 | Emblica officinalis Gaertn.           | Amla                                                                                           | 31,460   |
|    35 | Ephedra gerardiana Wall.              | Somlata                                                                                        | *        |
|    36 | Garcinia indica Choisy                | Kokum                                                                                          | 30,250   |
|    37 | Ginkgo biloba                         | Ginkgo                                                                                         | *        |
|    38 | Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.              | Gudmar                                                                                         | 12,100   |
|    39 | Hedychium spicatum Buch-Ham.ex Smuth  | Kapur kachari                                                                                  | 19,360   |
|    40 | Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.              | Anantmool, Indian Sarsaparilla                                                                 | 16,940   |
|    41 | Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.      | Kurchi/Kutaj                                                                                   | 8,905    |
|    42 | Hyoscyamus niger L.                   | Khurasani ajwane                                                                               | *        |
|    43 | Ipomoea mauritiana / Ipomoea digitata | Giant potato                                                                                   | *        |
|    44 | Ipomoea petaloidea Choisy             | Vrddhadaruka                                                                                   | *        |
|    45 | Ipomoea turpethum R. Br.              | Trivrit                                                                                        | 12,898   |
|    46 | Kaempferia galanga                    | Indian crocus                                                                                  | 22,070   |
|    47 | Litsea glutinosa                      | Listea                                                                                         | *        |
|    48 | Lepidum sativum Linn.                 | Chandrasur                                                                                     | 11,906   |
|    49 | Mucuna prurita Linn.                  | Konch                                                                                          | 9,680    |
|    50 | Ocimum sanctum                        | Tulsi                                                                                          | 14,520   |
|    51 | Linn. Oryza sativa cv Njavara         | Scented rice                                                                                   | *        |
|    52 | Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn.     | Bhumi amlaki                                                                                   | 13,310   |
|    53 | Piper longum Linn.                    | Pippali                                                                                        | 30,250   |
|    54 | Plantago ovata                        | Isabgol                                                                                        | 11,664   |
|    55 | Pluchea lanceolata (DC) CB Clark.     | Rasna                                                                                          | *        |
|    56 | Plumbago rosea                        | Leadwort                                                                                       | *        |
|    57 | Pseudarthria viscida                  | Moovila                                                                                        | *        |
|    58 | Psoralea corylifolia L.               | Bakuchi                                                                                        | 7,260    |
|    59 | Rubia cordifolia Linn                 | Manjishtha                                                                                     | 48,400   |
|    60 | Sida cordifolia                       | Flannel weed                                                                                   | 11,616   |
|    61 | Solanum anguivi                       | Katheli-badhi                                                                                  | 1,176    |
|    62 | Solanum nigrum Linn.                  | Makoy                                                                                          | 12,100   |
|    63 | Stevia rebaudiana                     | Madhukari                                                                                      | 1,51,250 |
|    64 | Tephrosia purpurea Pers               | Pawad, Dhamasia, Kalika, Plihari, Sharapunkha, Purple Tephrosia, Wild Indigo, Empali           | 12,003   |
|    65 | Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. & Arn.  | Arjuna                                                                                         | 21,780   |
|    66 | Terminalia bellirica Gaertn.          | Behera                                                                                         | 19,360   |
|    67 | Terminalia chebula Retz.              | Harad                                                                                          | 19,360   |
|    68 | Tinospora cordifolia Miers            | Giloe                                                                                          | 13,310   |
|    69 | Tragia involucrate                    | Barhanta                                                                                       | *        |

|   70. | Trichosanthes cucumerina         | Patol panchang      | *      |
|-------|----------------------------------|---------------------|--------|
|    71 | Valeriana hardwickii             | Tagar-ganth, Nihani | *      |
|    72 | Vitex nigundo                    | Nirgundi            | 12,100 |
|    73 | Vetiveria zizanoides             | Khas- khas grass    | *      |
|    74 | Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal | Ashwagandha         | 12,100 |
|    75 | Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.       | Dhataki             | *      |

## Plants eligible for 50% subsidy

|   # | Botanical Name                               | Common Name                                | Base cost per acre   |
|-----|----------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|----------------------|
|  76 | Abies webbiana Lindl                         | Talispatra                                 | *                    |
|  77 | Acacia catechu                               | Katha                                      | 8,615                |
|  78 | Aegle marmelos (Linn) Corr.                  | Beal                                       | 19,360               |
|  79 | Albizzia lebbeck Benth.                      | Shirish                                    | 18,150               |
|  80 | Alstonia scholaris R.Br.                     | Satvin, Saptaparna                         | 16,141               |
|  81 | Altingia excelsa Noronha                     | Silarasa                                   | *                    |
|  82 | Anacyclus pyrethrum DC.                      | Akarkara                                   | *                    |
|  83 | Atropa belledona                             | Atropa                                     | 30,250               |
|  84 | Coscinum fenastratum (Gertn) Colebr.         | Peela Chandan                              | *                    |
|  85 | Crataeva nurvala Buch - Ham.                 | Varun                                      | 8,615                |
|  86 | Curculigo orchioides                         | Kali Musali,Musli shiya                    | *                    |
|  87 | Dactylorhiza hatagirea hatagirea (D.Don) Soo | Salampanja                                 | *                    |
|  88 | Desmodium gangeticum                         | Sarivan                                    | 21,780               |
|  89 | Gloriosa superba Linn.                       | Kalihari                                   | 66,550               |
|  90 | Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.                     | Licorice Roots, Mulethi                    | 48,400               |
|  91 | Gmelina arborea Linn.                        | Gambhari                                   | 21,780               |
|  92 | Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.                   | Seabuckthorn                               | 24,200               |
|  93 | Inula racemosa Hk. f.                        | Pushkarmool                                | 18,295               |
|  94 | Juniperus cumminis Linn                      | Hapushal, Hanber, Juniper, Bethar, Hapusha | *                    |
|  95 | Jurinea macrocephala Benth.                  | Dhoop, Jari-dhoop                          | *                    |
|  96 | Leptadenia reticulate (Retz) Wt. & Arn.      | Jivanti                                    | 30,250               |
|  97 | Mesua ferrea Linn.                           | Nagakeshar                                 | 8,615                |
|  98 | Onosma hispidum Wall.ex Don                  | Ratanjot                                   | *                    |
|  99 | Panax pseudo-ginseng                         | Ginseng                                    | *                    |
| 100 | Parmelia perlata Ach.                        | Saileya                                    | *                    |
| 101 | Piper cubeba Linn. f.                        | Kababchini                                 | *                    |
| 102 | Plumbago zeylanica Linn.                     | Chitrak                                    | 14,520               |
| 103 | Pueraria tuberosa DC.                        | Vidarikand                                 | 24,200               |
| 104 | Premna integrifolia Linn.                    | Agnimanth                                  | 12,100               |
| 105 | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.                  | Beejasar                                   | 26,620               |
| 106 | Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz          | Sarpgandha                                 | 30,250               |
| 107 | Rheum emodi                                  | Archa                                      | 98,010               |
| 108 | Salacia reticulata, Salacia oblongata        | Saptachakra (Saptarangi)                   | *                    |
| 109 | Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde                | Ashok                                      | 30,250               |

|   110. | Smilax china Linn.             | Hrddhatri (Madhu snuhi), Chini Lokhandi   | Chob 24,200   |
|--------|--------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|---------------|
|    111 | Stereospermum suaveolens DC.   | Patala                                    | 8,905         |
|    112 | Symplocos racemosa Roxb        | Lodh/Pathani                              | *             |
|    113 | Tacomella undulate (Sm.) Seem. | Rohitak                                   | 8,615         |
|    114 | Tricopus zeylanicus            | Jeevani                                   | *             |
|    115 | Tylophora asthmetica           | Damabooti                                 | *             |
|    116 | Taxus wallichiana Linn.        | Thuner, Talispatra                        | *             |
|    117 | Urarea picta (Jacq.) Desv.     | Prishnaparni                              | 20,086        |
|    118 | Valeriana wallichi             | Indian Valerian                           | 29,040        |
|    119 | Vateria indica                 | Mandadhupa, Dupa                          | *             |
|    120 | Viola Odorata                  | Bunafsha                                  | *             |
|    121 | Zanthoxylum alatum             | Timoor                                    | 14,520        |

## Plants eligible for 75% subsidy

|   # | Botanical Name                        | Common Name                  | Remark   |
|-----|---------------------------------------|------------------------------|----------|
| 122 | Aconitum ferox Wall./A. balfouri      | Vatsnabh                     | 38,927   |
| 123 | Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf            | Vatsnabh(API)                | *        |
| 124 | Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle | Atees                        | 53,240   |
| 125 | Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.             | Agar                         | 16,141   |
| 126 | Berberis aristata DC.                 | Daruhaldi                    | 30,250   |
| 127 | Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari    | Guggal                       | 77,440   |
| 128 | Coptis teeta Wall.                    | Mamira                       | *        |
| 129 | Ferula foetida Regel.                 | Hing                         | *        |
| 130 | Gentiana kurroo Royle                 | Trayamana                    | *        |
| 131 | Mappia foetida Miers.                 | Ghanera                      | *        |
| 132 | Nardostachys jatamansi DC.            | Jatamansi                    | 98,010   |
| 133 | Oroxylum indicum Vent.                | Syonaka                      | 21,780   |
| 134 | Picrorhiza kurroa Benth. ex Royle     | Kutki                        | 54,450   |
| 135 | Podophyllum hexandrum Royle.          | Bankakri, Indian podophyllum | 48,400   |
| 136 | Polygonatum cirrhifolium Wall.        | Mahameda                     | *        |
| 137 | Pterocarpus santalinus                | Raktachandan, Red sanders    | 27,346   |
| 138 | Santalum album Linn.                  | Chandan                      | 23,570   |
| 139 | Saussurea costus C.B. Clarke          | Kuth, Kustha                 | 42,350   |
| 140 | Swertia chirata Buch-Ham              | Chirata, Charayatah          | 39,930   |

## Note:

* Base cost to be considered and approved by NAM Directorate.