Lok Sabha Question No. 76 (STARRED), answered on 2016-03-01
Subject: Agricultural Universities
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: RAVNEET SINGH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 76 TO BE ANSWERED ON 01/03/2016

## AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES

## *76.  SHRI RAVNEET SINGH:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE d`f'k vkSj d`'kd dY;k.k ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has reviewed the performance of ICAR's Institutes/Agricultural Universities and if so, the outcome thereof;
- (b) the funds sanctioned and utilised by various agricultural universities including Punjab Agriculture University during each of the last three years;
- (c) the major researches undertaken by these universities during the said period;
- (d) the outcome of these researches and the number of new technologies/seeds etc.  evolved  successfully  and  used in  the fields  by  the  farmers  during  the  above period; and
- (e) the steps taken for the development and promotion of agricultural universities in the country?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE d`f'k vkSj d`'kd dY;k.k ea=h (SHRI RADHA MOHAN SINGH)

(a) to (e)

: A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

********

## STATEMENT IN RESPECT OF PARTS (a) to (e) OF LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 76 TO BE ANSWERED ON 01/03/2016 REGARDING 'AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES'

## (a) Yes, Madam.

Robust  monitoring  and  review  system  for  Agricultural  Universities  is  in  place  and monitoring is done regularly by following mechanisms:

- 1) West and Central Zone have been constituted with the approval of the competent authority to review and assess the impact of XII Plan scheme
- 2) DARE/ICAR has in-built system of undertaking appraisal and corrective measures Annual reports highlighting the achievements from the Universities
- 3) Regular visits of agricultural universities by ICAR officials
- 4) ICAR Nominee in Board of Management
- 5) Annual Vice Chancellors' Conference
- 6) Periodic Meetings of Deans
- 7) Periodic meets of the Comptrollers
- 8) Annual review Meetings of Niche Area of Excellence
- 9) Dynamic data management by National Information System on Agricultural Education Network in India (NISAGENET)
- 10) Oversight Committee visit and monitoring of special grants
- 11) Evaluation of effectiveness of training under capacity building Programmes.
- 12) Accreditation of the Universities for Quality Assurance and maintenance of standards.
- 13) Further, external independent committee constituted to review the progress of the utilization of the grants.

Five committees, one each for North, South, East for the implementation of the various research programmes/schemes under its umbrella.

The  performance  of  the  Research  Institutes  and  Projects  is  regularly  monitored  and assessed through monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports (technical and financial). The monitoring  of  research  programmes  carried  out  in  different  institutes/research  centers  is  also done  by  Quinquennial  Review  Team  (QRT)  constituted  by  ICAR  after  every  five  years, Research Advisory Council (RAC) and Institute Research Council (IRC) annually. These bodies evaluate the performance and suggest need based changes for the infrastructure development and thrust areas for research. The report of QRT is placed in the Governing body for approval. The report of RAC is approved by the DG, ICAR and the report of IRC is approved by the respective Director  of  the  Institutes.    More  recently  (2010  onwards)  the  Results  Framework  Document (RFD) system has also been introduced to effectively monitor the progress of various Institutes on the basis of assigned targets for the financial year. Based on the composite scores, they are rated  from  average  to  excellent.  All  the  Institutes  also  have  one  Planning  Monitoring  and Evaluation (PME) Cell to prioritize, monitor and evaluate various projects of the Institutes. The Institutes also have their own Citizens' Charters for transparency and delivery to the public and stakeholders.

The review mechanism has indicated following focused areas for strengthening.

- 1) Development of Infrastructure.
- 2) Need  to  have  centralized  admissions,  through  All  India  Entrance  examination,  at  UG (15%) & PG (25%) level to encourage overall merit and national integration.
- 3) Providing fellowships to attract talented students.
- 4) Promotion of cutting edge research in the Agricultural Universities through funding.
- 5) Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) at the UG level encouraged to gain rural life work experience.
- 6) Higher  provision  for  international  fellowships  for  Ph.D  for  research  in  reputed  global laboratories
- 7) Provision  for  faculty  exchange  and  adjunct  faculty  to  address  the  faculty  shortage  in Agricultural Universities.
- 8) Need to encouraged participation of girls in agricultural education and ensuring gender mainstreaming
- 9) To provide much-needed skill and developing entrepreneurship and building confidence among UG  students, Experiential Learning modules established in Agricultural Universities.

For  maintaining  and  upgrading  quality  and  relevance  of  higher  agricultural  education,  a centrally  sponsored  plan  scheme  'Strengthening  and  Development  of  Higher  Agricultural Education in India', is being implemented. The Scheme strives to plan, undertake, aid, promote and  coordinate  agricultural  education  in  the  country  with  an  aim  to  enhance  the  quality  and relevance of higher agricultural education to address the emerging challenges in the agriculture sector for which catalytic financial support is provided to agricultural universities (AUs), under various components.  To improve the quality of research and for attaining excellence in specific strategic  areas  in  education  and  research  and  capacity  building  the  universities  are  being supported in specific niche areas under the XII Plan Scheme 'Strengthening and Development of Higher Agricultural Education in India'.

(b) As such Central Government does not sanction any funds for SAUs as these are under the administrative control of respective State Government except two Central Agricultural Universities. However, funds are provided under a centrally sponsored plan scheme 'Strengthening and Development of Higher Agricultural Education in India'. During XII Plan, total  outlay  of  Rs.  2900  Crore  including  PAU has been made out of which, an amount of Rs. 533.48, 385.59 and 376.07 have been released during the years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 respectively.  The  Scheme  strives  to  plan,  undertake,  aid,  promote  and  coordinate  agricultural education in the country with an aim to enhance the quality and relevance of higher agricultural education  to  address  the  emerging  challenges  in  the  agriculture  sector  for  which  catalytic financial  support  is  provided  to  agricultural  universities  (AUs),  under  various  components. Further,  an amount of  Rs. 10 Crore each was released for setting up of new Universities viz. Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana) and Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) during 2014-15 and amount of Rs. 37.5 crore each during 2015-16.  Also funds were released for infrastructural development to various Agricultural Universities in the Country.

Moreover,  to  improve  the  quality  of  research  and  for  attaining  excellence  in  specific strategic areas in education and research and capacity building the universities are also supported

in specific niche areas under the XII Plan Scheme 'Strengthening and Development of Higher Agricultural Education in India'. The funds released for Niche Area of Excellence (NAE) during last three years including Punjab are given hereunder.

Table: Funds allocated to Agricultural Universities and PAU by ICAR during each of the previous three years (2012-13 upto 2014-15)

| Name of the Scheme                                     | 2012-13   |   2013-14 |   2014-15 |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| Development Grant                                      | 533.48    |    385.59 |    376.07 |
| Niche Area of Excellence                               | 31.21     |     18.94 |     20.94 |
| AICRP                                                  | 531.87    |    530.64 |    599.7  |
| KVK                                                    | 345.39    |    527.25 |    533.61 |
| Total allocation                                       | 1441.95   |   1462.42 |   1530.32 |
| Allocation to PAU Ludhiana during corresponding period | --        |     41.92 |     39.02 |

(c) The major research programmes that are under operation, funded by ICAR in niche areas for last three years at SAUs with ICAR are given as Annexure-I. Besides these ICAR has various commodity  based  79  All  India  Coordinated  Research  Projects  and  Network  Projects  in collaborative  mode  with  State  Agricultural  Universities  (SAUs)to  develop  location-specific varieties/breeds and technologies as per the agro-ecological needs for enhancing the production and productivity.

(d) The outcome of these researches and the number of new technologies/seeds etc. evolved successfully and used in the fields by the farmers during the above period are given in Annexure II.  The  details  of  the  crop  varieties  developed  is  given  in  Annexure  III  and  the  details  of  the breeders seed production figure in Annexure IV. The details of the ICAR funding from ICAR, major research programmes being run and the major research achievements in respect of PAU Ludhiana during past three years figures in Annexure V.

(e) For  the  development  and  promotion  of  agricultural  university  a  Need  based  limited funding to Agricultural Universities (AUs) is done.

In this regard, a central sector Plan Scheme 'Strengthening and Development of Higher Agricultural Education in India, with total approved outlay of 2900 crore 'is being implemented to  strengthen  the  agricultural  universities.  Need  based  limited  part  funding  to  Agricultural Universities (AUs), is done for strengthening of infrastructure and student amenities, strengthening  and up-gradation of teaching and  learning resources  and excellence in teaching, research  and  capacity  building  through    Niche  Area  of  Excellence,  instilling  confidence Experiential  Learning,  Rural  Awareness  Work  Experience,  capacity  building  of  teachers, fellowships    curriculum  delivery  and  holistic  development  etc.  Important  issues  recently addressed  include;  establishing  new  Universities/  colleges  ,  providing  central  assistance  for strengthening  higher  Agricultural  Education,    defining  UG  &  PG  degree  for  general  market needs and for specialized jobs and uniformity, restructuring UG practical for increased practical and practice contents, guidelines for assessing the training needs and performance of teaching faculty and the reforms in Governance in SAUs. Salient details are given as follows.

## New Infrastructure Developed:

-  New  Agricultural  Universities/  Colleges  have  been  established  in  states/regions where  such  strengthening  was  required.  In  this  direction  new  IARI  like  institutes have been established in Jharkhand and Assam and new Agricultural and Horticultural  Universities  have  been  established  in  Andhra  Pradesh  and  Telangana respectively.  Six  new  agriculture  colleges  have  also  been  started  under  Central Agriculture University, Imphal.

## Human Resource Development

-  Centralized admissions, through All India Entrance examination, at UG (15%) & PG (25%) level to encourage overall merit and national integration.
-  Awarding  Junior  Research  Fellowships  (JRF)  and  Senior  Research  Fellowships  to attract talented students.
-  Capacity  building  of  faculty  of  National  Agricultural  Research  System  (NARS)  in Cutting-edge-areas through Centers of Advanced Faculty Training (CAFT)/SummerWinter  Schools  (SWS).  Incentive  for  quality  teaching  given  in  the  form  of  best teacher award.
-  Promoting  excellence  and  novel  school  of  thought  by  National  Professors  and National Fellows.
-  Superannuated scientists engaged in addressing key issues through Emeritus Scientist scheme.
-  Rural  Agricultural  Work  Experience  (RAWE)  at  the  UG  level  encouraged  to  gain rural life work experience.
-  International fellowships for Ph.D for research in reputed global laboratories with an objective  to  developed  competent  human  resource  and  showcasing  the  strengths  of ICAR-AUs System.
-  Catalytic  support  for  faculty  exchange  and  adjunct  faculty  is  being  provided  to address the faculty shortage in Agricultural Universities.

## Educational Planning

-  Strengthening and development of infrastructure of Agricultural Universities
-  Encouraged  and  facilitated  participation of girls in agricultural  education  and ensuring  gender  mainstreaming  by  supporting  girls'  hostels.  In  addition,  support  is also provided for boys' hostels in Agricultural Universities.
-  Creation  of  educational  museums  in  Agricultural  Universities  for  showcasing  of technologies.
-  Support  for  modernizing  and  strengthening  of  academic  facilities,  laboratories, computer labs, internet connectivity, faculty improvement, course curriculum delivery, preparation of practical manuals, career placement and alumni interaction, smart  classrooms  for  enhancing  the  quality  of  teaching,  educational  tours  and contingency for practical learnings leading to improved/upgraded academic environment in Agricultural Universities.
-  Holistic  Development  of  students  encouraged  by  providing  funds  to  Agricultural Universities  with  focus  on  overall  personality  development  and  counseling  with emphasis on extracurricular activities and refinement of soft skills.

-  For excellence in teaching, research, consultancy and capacity building, niche area of excellence supported in specific cutting edge areas.
-  To provide much-needed skill and developing entrepreneurship and building confidence  among  UG  students,  Experiential  Learning  modules  established  in Agricultural Universities.
-  To  enhance  learning  resources  including  writing  of  text  books  and  preparation  of quality instructional material and e-facilities, the libraries of Agricultural Universities and that of their constituent colleges strengthened benefiting the students across the country, leading to improved quality of postgraduate education and research.

## Educational Quality Assurance and Reforms

-  For improving educational standards and assuring an acceptable institutional quality, the  accreditation  of  AUs  and  their  constituent  colleges  is  being  done  at  regular intervals  by  an  Accreditation  Board  established  by  the  Council  with  well  defined objectives and functions.
-  To ensure uniformity of structure, governance and efficiency of the AUs the Model Act for AUs was prepared and has been revised in 2009.
-  To keep pace with the ever changing scenario in agriculture the norms, standards and course  curricula  are  updated  and  revised  as  per  need  by  constitution  of  Dean's Committees from time to time.
-  Research and instructional capabilities of farms are being strengthened by providing support for modernization of farms of the Agricultural Universities.

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## List of ICAR sponsored major research programmes undertaken at different SAUs/DUs during XII plan including those based in Punjab.

|   S.No | Name University/Institute   | Title                                                                                                                               |
|--------|-----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|      1 | IARI, New Delhi             | Pilot scale processes for coarse Cereal Based Functional Foods through Extrusion Processing                                         |
|      2 | AAU, Anand                  | Metagenomic Analysis of Ruminal Microbes                                                                                            |
|      3 | IVRI, Izatnagar             | Development of Bio-Sensors for Diagnosis of Pest des petites ruminants (PPR) and Brucellosis                                        |
|      4 | UAS, Bangalore              | Capacity Building in Taxonomy of Insects and Mites                                                                                  |
|      5 | PAU, Ludhiana               | Creation of novel genetic resources through alien and exotic introgression for high productivit6y and resistance in wheat and rice  |
|      6 | PAU, Ludhiana               | Genetic improvement of Kinnow mandarin for fruit quality biotic and abiotic stress tolerance                                        |
|      7 | PAU, Ludhiana               | Genetic improvement of Kinnow mandarin for fruit quality biotic and abiotic stress tolerance                                        |
|      8 | GADVASU, Ludhiana           | Animal Disease registry and tissue bank                                                                                             |
|      9 | GADVASU, Ludhiana           | Inland Aquaculture in Punjab                                                                                                        |
|     10 | CSKHPKV, Palampur           | Production and protection technologies for potential vegetables and pulses under organic farming                                    |
|     11 | WBUAFS, Kolkata             | Animal Disease registry and tissue bank                                                                                             |
|     12 | CSAUA&T, Kanpur             | Exploration and exploitation of Trichoderma as antagonist against soil borne pathogens                                              |
|     13 | TNVASU, Chennai             | Improved and expanded vaccines for immunological understanding of avian viruses                                                     |
|     14 | UAS, Dharwad                | Exploitation of Microbial and a Genomic Resources for Plant Disease Management                                                      |
|     15 | WBUAFS, Kolkata             | Surveillance of Diseases of Aquaculture Finfish and Shellfish in West Bengal and Development of Disease Management Strategies       |
|     16 | DUVASU, Mathura             | Toxic dynamic studies on impact of environmental pollutants on bovine reproduction with particular reference to regulatory pathways |
|     17 | Dr PDKV, Akola              | Rainwater management in rainfed agriculture                                                                                         |
|     18 | KVAFSU, Bidar               | Innovative methods for diagnosis of diseases in animals                                                                             |
|     19 | SKUAS&T, Srinagar           | Pollination management research in apples and other fruits in Kashmir Valley                                                        |
|     20 | IGKV, Raipur                | Farm Mechanization in rainfed agriculture                                                                                           |
|     21 | GBPUA&T, Pantnagar          | Geo-informatics for natural resource management and precision farming                                                               |
|     22 | RSKVV, Gwalior              | Management of soil health and degraded land for sustainable agriculture                                                             |
|     23 | UAS , Bangalore             | Integrated Centre for drought research Genetic enhancement of crops by molecular approaches and phenol typing                       |
|     24 | NDPCVV, Jabalpur            | Wildlife Forensic and Health                                                                                                        |
|     25 | NAARM, Hyderabad            | Technical Enhanced Learning in Agriculture Education                                                                                |
|     26 | NDRI, Karnal                | 7 Spore based sensor for monitoring pesticide residues in milk                                                                      |

|   27. | IVRI, Izatnagar   | Nutrition and Gut Health: Probiotics, Prebiotics and phytogenics as Functional to Augment Gut Health of Dogs      |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|    28 | TNFU, Thoothukudi | Fish safety and quality assurance                                                                                 |
|    29 | MAFSU, Nagpur     | Centre for Zoonosis                                                                                               |
|    30 | SKAUST, Srinagar  | Study of Clostridium Perfringens and Dichelobacter nodosus (Anaerobic Bacteriology)                               |
|    31 | ANGRAU, Hyderabad | Molecular Breeding and Genetic Manipulation of Rice, Maize and Pulse crops                                        |
|    32 | BHU, Varanasi     | Molecular breeding for improvement of major crops of eastern Indo-Gangetic plains                                 |
|    33 | BSKVV, Dapoli     | Crop regulation for increasing productivity of Alphonso mango under changing climatic conditions in Konkan region |
|    34 | SKUAST-Srinagar   | Study of Clostridium perfringens and Dichelobacter nodosus                                                        |

## [Part (d) to Lok Sabha SQ No.76 for 01-03-2016]

## The outcome of the research and new technologies developed seeds during last three years (2013-2015)

During  the  last  three  years  (2013-15)  total  261  high  yielding  varieties/hybrids  of different crops including 116 of cereals, 39 of oilseeds, 28 of pulses, 6 of fibres, 13 of forages and 9 of sugarcane with fair degree of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses have been released after multilocational trials undertaken in various Agricultural Universities in collaboration with nodal  ICAR  Institutes  for  cultivation  by  the  farmers  during  the  last  three  years  (2013-2015) . The structured science and development programmes of ICAR led to production of 2.27 lakh q breeder seeds of different crops during the last six years (2013 upto 2015) that were supplied to different seed producing agencies so that quality seeds of improved varieties/hybrids could be made available to the farmers for cultivation and boost the productivity and production in major crops .

## Improved varieties/hybrids of different crops released during the last five years and the current year

| Crop-group   |   2013 |   2014 |   2015 |   Total |
|--------------|--------|--------|--------|---------|
| Cereals      |     70 |     47 |     49 |     116 |
| Oilseeds     |     15 |      8 |     16 |      39 |
| Pulses       |      8 |     12 |      8 |      28 |
| Fibre crops  |      3 |      0 |      3 |       6 |
| Forage crops |      4 |      5 |      4 |      13 |
| Sugar crops  |      6 |      2 |      1 |       9 |
| Grand Total  |    106 |     74 |     81 |     261 |

## Breeds seeds production during the last three years

| Crop         | 2013   | 2014   | 2015   | Total    |
|--------------|--------|--------|--------|----------|
| Cereals      | 40,315 | 37,194 | 33,501 | 1,11,010 |
| Oilseeds     | 33,235 | 22,398 | 20,030 | 75,663   |
| Pulses       | 14,429 | 12,128 | 10,817 | 37,374   |
| Forage Crops | 1336   | 823    | 762    | 2,921    |
| Fibre Crops  | 121    | 55     | 70     | 246      |
| Grand Total  | 89,437 | 72,598 | 65,180 | 2,27,215 |

-  As a result of cooperative research  efforts  in  NARS system,  India has become the second largest producer of wheat and rice and is also amongst the top exporters of rice.
-  Development  and  adoption  of  new  varieties  of  oilseeds  and  complementary  technologies significantly improved oilseeds production.
-  India is first in the world to develop hybrid cultivars of grain pearl millet, pigeon pea, castor and safflower, and second to develop hybrid cultivars of rice and sorghum. Hybrid cotton is a landmark achievement in hybrid research.
-  The  improved  varieties  played  a  catalytic  role  in  the  adoption  of  improved  technology package, such as fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation water
-  Incorporation  of  resistance  to  pests  and  tolerance  to  abiotic  stresses  in  high  yielding background have enabled insulation of crop plants against these stresses and thus provided stability in food production and food security.

-  Development  of  short  duration  varieties  of  rice,  sorghum,  cotton,  pigeon  pea,  chickpea, greengram,  blackgram  etc.  has  opened  up  awareness  for  multiple  cropping  systems  and helped in enhancing cropping intensity.
-  Spectacular success has been achieved in introduction and improvement of new crops, such as soybean and sunflower. India is now the fifth largest producer of soybean in the world.
-  Improved  varieties  of  sugarcane,  wheat,  rice,  maize,  sorghum,  groundnut,  mustard  etc. Developed, have been used for commercial cultivation in many other countries. Developed experimental transgenics in cotton and rice by incorporating genes for insect resistance. Also developed protocols for micro propagation.
-  The etiology, epidemiology and the management of major diseases/ insects pests have been worked out, facilitating the forecasting system and in developing location-specific integrated pest management (IPM) modules for sustainable crop production.
-  Protocols have been developed for mass multiplication and release of biocontrol agents.
-  Adoption of  Integrated  Pest  Management  modules  has  helped  in  lowering  the  quantum  of pesticide requirements and promoting non-chemical eco-friendly approaches.
-  About  0.20  million  accessions  have  been  conserved  in  the  National  Gene  Bank  at  the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi It is one of the World's leading gene banks, for long-term storage of seed and other planting materials.
-  Steady increase in breeder seed production resulting in enhanced supply of quality seeds to the  farmers.  About  25,000  q.  of  breeder  seed  is  being  produced  annually  and  supplied  for production of foundation seed and in turn certified seed.
-  Hybrid seed production technologies for various crops refined

## Production Technologies developed:

-  Wheat crop grown on ridge with fertilizer application of 150: 75: 50 NPK/ ha and 10 kg/ha Zinc sulphate as basal dose was found the best integrated approach for enhancing seed yield & seed quality parameters.
-  In DRRH-3 hybrid seed production, SRI method resulted in 16.05% improved seed yield.
-  Unique SSR markers for rice hybrids DRRH3 (RM 228), KRH-2 (RM9310, RM9106) and KRH-4 (RM81057, RM10103, RM9a2) were identified to assess purity of parental lines.
-  Under drip irrigation soil moisture depletion was high in the first 30 cm and thereafter the depletion declined with depth.
-  Two seed quality enhancement technologies developed and four management practices for the control of seed borne diseases and storage pests evaluated.
-  Two seed testing methods and two varietal purity testing protocols were standardized.
-  Reniform and root-knot nematode have been found to be key nematode pests associated with vegetable, horticultural and pulse crops.
-  Apismellifera was the most efficient pollinator of sesame, mango and litchi bloom.
-  Research  development  popularization  and  increase  in  uptake  of  bio-control  technologies among the farming community.
-  Developed  effective  management  tools  for  the  management  of  birds  in  various  crops  in different agro-climates.
-  Utilized techniques to exploit insectivorous birds through ecosystem management.
-  Effective  management tools  developed  for  the  management  of  rodents  in  various  crops  in different agro-climates and human habitation.

-  For the management of white grub in groundnut, seed treatment with imidacloprid was found significantly superior and hence recommended to farmers.
-  CAU-R1' a semi glutinous medium duration (130 days) high yielding rice variety    (5.5 - 6.0 MT/ha) for wetland rice ecosystem of Manipur and similar situations of N.E.H. Region.
-  CAU-R3' a very early (100 days) high yielding rice variety (4.0 - 4.5 MT/ha) as contingency rice crop of Manipur and similar situations of N.E.H. Region.
-  CAU-R4'  a  medium  long  duration  (145  days)  semi-glutinous  high  yielding  rice  variety (4.5 - 5.0 MT/ha) for semi-deep water rice growing situations of Manipur valley and similar situations of N.E.H. Region.
-  Front line demonstrations were conducted for Uttara, PL-4, rachana varieties in farmers field demonstration the production technologies.
-  Standardized rain water harvesting and cultivation technologies of rabi pulses and oilseeds in rice fallow of Manipur Valley and similar situation of N.E.H. Region were demonstrated.
-  Standardized Agro-Horti-Sylvicultural farming system for sustainable production in Manipur hills were demonstrated in farmer's field.
-  Standardized drying systems of spices and vegetables using forced convection solar dryer for small farmers and households in N.E.H. region.
-  Standardised orchid cut flower packing technology for increased shelf life up to 20 days for long distance marketing.
-  Medium  maturing  red  hybrid  2001-P-55  is  recommended  for  release  for  eastern  plains because  it  yielded  higher  than  Kufri  Lalima  the  local  check  and  has  moderate  level  of resistance to late blight and better keeping quality over Kufri Lalima.
-  A white cream skin and oval tuber, high yielding medium maturing advanced hybrid, MS/51543 having moderate resistance to late blight with good keeping quality is recommended for cultivation in Indo-Gangetic (Northern and Eastern) plains of India.
-  Black  gram-potato-green  gram  crop  sequence  is  recommended  for  high  yield  as  well  as returns in Kanpur region of central part of Uttar Pradesh.
-  In  potato-rice-rice  cropping  system  at  Kalyani  in  West  Bengal,  potato  crop  (Variety KufriJyoti) should be fertilized with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (200 kg N +  150  kg  P2O5  +  150  kg  K2O  /ha)  for  getting  higher  tuber  yield  and  higher  return.  Other rotational crops (kharif and boro paddy) should also be fertilized with their respective RDF (60 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O /ha for kharif paddy and 120 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K2O /ha for boro paddy).
-  Application of 80 kg Ca/ha at the time of planting is recommended for higher tuber yield, net returns and B:C ratio. Calcium application also decreases the number of skin damaged tubers and improved the dry matter content at Kalyani (Hooghly District) in West Bengal and Jorhat in Assam.
-  Potato cultivars KufriPukhraj, KufriBahar and KufriAshoka should be fertilized with 125% recommended  dose  of  N+100%  P  and  K  (250  kg  N+150  kg  P2O5  +150  kg  K2O  /ha)  in Kalyani (Hooghly District)  of West Bengal.
-  Irrigation through micro sprinkler at 10mm CPE is recommended for higher yield and WUE especially in early planted crop in Western Haryana region.
-  At Chhindwara, in medium black soils low in N, Medium in P & K fertility status and neutral pH,  incorporation  of  soybean  crop  residue  sprayed  with  2%  spray  of  sodium  chloride  @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with biofertilizers (1:1 ratio of Azotobacter and Phosphobacteria) @ 5g/kg seed tubers + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha as soil application before planting gave yields

comparable  to  that  under  fertilization  with  120:100:100  of  N,  P2O5  and  K2O  respectively through inorganic fertilizers. Hence this schedule is recommended for Satpura region.

-  At Pantnagar, KufriSadabahar and Kufri Surya, varieties produced significantly high yields upto 150 kg N/ha and is recommended for Tarai region.
-  At  Pune,  Kufri  Surya,  produced  significantly  high  yield  upto  150  kg  N/ha  and  hence  this dose is recommended for light textured black soils of Pune region.
-  At Jorhat, KufriHimalini gave significantly higher yield over control with 225 kg N/ha while KufriGirdhari and KufriJyoti produced significantly higher yield over control at 150 kg N/ha, hence application of 225 kg N/ha for K. Himalini and 150 kg N/ha for  KufriGirdhari and KufriJyoti is recommended.
-  Kufri  Surya  at  Deesa  responded  significantly  to  N  application  upto  150  kg  N/ha.  The  net returns were also in favour of application of 150 kg N/ha, hence application of 150 kg N/ha for Kufri Surya is recommended.
-  Significantly  higher  potato  tuber  yield  was  recorded  with  mulching.  Irrigations  at  20  mm CPE  mulching  with  paddy  straw  @  5  t/ha  gave  highest  yield  which  was  at  par  with irrigations at 25 and 30 mm CPE under mulching conditions. WUE and net returns were also higher with this treatment. Hence, application of paddy straw mulch @ 5 t/ha and irrigation at 30 mm CPE is recommended for Dohli.
-  Model  for  predicting  first  appearance  of  late  blight  in  Kalyani,  West  Bengal  has  been developed for both rainy and non-rainy years. The model specifies that if 7 day moving sum of ≥ 90% RH prevails for ≥105 hrs and 7day moving congenial temp (7.2 to 26.6 o C) for ≥150 hrs, blight would appear within 14 days. For rainy years, if 5 day moving sum of ≥ 90 RH% prevails for ≥65 hrs with 5 day moving congenial temp. (7.2 to 26.6 o C) for ≥105 hrs and sum of two consecutive rainfall events is ≥ 2.5 mm, blight would appear within 14 days.
-  Late blight forecasting model developed for Pantnagar specifies that if 7 day moving sum of ≥ 85% Relative Humidity prevails for ≥85 hrs and 7day moving average congenial temp. (7.2 to 26.6 o C) for ≥135 hrs, blight would appear within 14 days.
-  Use of yellow sticky traps (12 no./ha) and seed treatment with imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.04% (4ml/10ltr) for 10 minutes dip followed by foliar spray with imidacloprid @ 60 gm a.i./ha at emergence and second spray with thiamethoxam (25 WG) @ 100 g a.i./ha after 15 days of first  spray  is  recommended for the management of whiteflies and aphids in Kalyani, West Bengal.
-  Foliar spray of spiromesifen 240SC at emergence @ 96 gm a.i./ha (400ml/ha) followed by second spray with thiamethoxam (25 WG) @ 100 gm a.i./ha after 15 days of first spray and third spray of spiromesifen 240SC @ 96 gm a.i./ha (400ml/ha) after 15 days of second spray is recommended for the management of all sucking pests for Pune region of Maharashtra.
-  Prophylactic  spray  with  mancozeb  @  0.2%,  followed  by  second  spray  of  (fenamidone  + mancozeb) @ 0.3% after seven days and a third spray with mancozeb @ 0.2% after seven days of the second spray is recommended for the control of late blight in West Bengal and Eastern Uttar Pradesh under moderate disease pressure.
-  Biofumigation by incorporating one month old Indian Mustard crop (seed rate 5 kg/ ha) just before  the  planting  of  potato  crop  is  recommended  for  management  of  black  scurf  and common scab in Central and Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
-  Prophylactic  spray  with  mancozeb  @0.2%  followed  by  second  spray  of  (fenamidone  + mancozeb) @0.3% after seven days  and  a  third  spray  with  mancozeb  @0.2%  after  seven

days  of  the  second  spray  is  recommended  for  the  control  of  late  blight  in  Hassan  and Pantnagar.

-  Prophylactic  spray  with  mancozeb  @0.2%  followed  by  second  spray  of  (cymoxanil  + mancozeb) @0.3% after seven days  and  a  third  spray  with  mancozeb  @0.2%  after  seven days of the second spray is recommended for the control of late blight in Patna.
-  Two  high  yielding  single  spore  selections  of  white  button  mushroom  (DMR-button-03, DMR-button-06) for controlled environment units, two high yielding strains of paddy straw mushroom, two high yielding strains of shiitake mushroom, one strain each of Macrocybe and  milky  mushroom  were  released  in  the  year  2013.  Two  non-browning  high  yielding hybrids of button mushroom were released in 2015. A total of 10 new varieties of different mushroom were released and are being used by the farmers.
-  Zero energy poly tunnel technology was developed for  button  mushroom  compost preparation.
-  Method  for  Indoor  method  of  compost  preparation  was  developed  and  standardized  for pollution free composting method for white button mushroom
-  Intercropping  of  Kalmegh  ( Andrographispaniculata )  +  pigeon  pea  at  row  proportion  3:1 recorded  highest  dry  foliage  and  andrographolide  yield,  Kalmegh  equivalent  yield,  land equivalent ratio, gross return, net return and B:C ratio.  Also, intercropping of Safed musli ( Chlorophytumborivilianum ) + pigeon pea at row proportion 3:1 produced highest number of roots, length, girth, saponin content, fresh and dry root yield, Safed musli equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, net return and B:C ratio followed by sole Safed musli.
-  Fertigation  technology  for  turmeric  -  Application  of  100%  RDF  with  urea  and  potash  as straight  fertilizers  and  P  as  water  soluble  fertilizer  weekly  once.  Standardization  of  water requirement of turmeric through drip irrigation - Application of water through drip system at 80% pan evaporation (once in a day for 45 minutes).Rapid multiplication of turmeric through single bud rhizome in portray. Nutrient supplementation through organic manure in coriander - Application of FYM 50% + vermicompost 50%.
-  Standardization  of  water  requirement  for  turmeric  through  drip  irrigation  -  Application  of water through drip once in two days at 80% pan evaporation with 4 l/hr
-  Nutrient supplementation through organic manure in coriander - Application of FYM 50% + vermicompost 50%
-  Nutrient management in off season coriander cultivation - Application of NPK @ 30:40:20 kg per ha along with spraying of GA @ 15 ppm at 20 DAS.
-  Use of micronutrients in coriander - For saline soils with Zn deficiency (< 2 ppm) spraying 0.5% Zinc sulphate twice at 45 and 60 DAS.
-  Control  of  rhizome  rot  of  ginger  by  biofumigation  -  Incorporation  of  crop  residues  of mustard  and  cabbage  in  soil  (Biofumigation)    and  rhizome  treatment  with  Metalaxyl  + Mancozeb 1.25 g/litre of water for 15-20 minutes
-  Micro irrigation  management in fennel - Application of irrigation water by drip at 0.8% IW/ CPE  ratio  on  alternate  days  with  paired  row  planting,  saves  19%  irrigation  water  in comparison to surface irrigation
-  Micro irrigation management in fenugreek - Application of irrigation water by drip at 0.6% IW/  CPE  ratio  on  alternate  days  with  paired  row  planting,  saves  35%  irrigation  water  in comparison to surface irrigation
-  Technology  for  application  of  PGPR  in  Fenugreek,  Coriander  and  Fennel  -  In  fenugreek, coriander and fennel, seed pelletizing with IISR PGPR strains either FK-14

( Pseudomonasputida )  or  FL-18  ( Macrobacteriumparaoxydans )  or  combination  of  both  is found as effective as talc formulation @ 1.5 kg/ha seed treatment.

-  Nutrient  supplementation  through  organic  manure  in  ginger  -  For  integrated  nutrient management in ginger the recommended fertilizer dosage is FYM @ 30t/ha + NPK 80:50:50 kg/ ha under Bihar conditions.
-  Use  of  bio-fertlizer in turmeric -soil  application  of  inorganic  N  @  150  kg/ha  + Azospirillum @ 1.5 kg/ha + FYM @ 5 t/ha
-  Integrated nutrient management in coriander - Soil application of inorganic N @ 33 kg/ha + Azospirillum @ 1.5 kg/ha + FYM @ 5 t/ha.

## Improved Engineering devices developed:

-  Sugarcane bud chipping equipment
-  Rotary assisted raised bed former-cum-seeder
-  Tractor drawn turmeric rhizome planter
-  Women friendly three row rice transplanter
-  Spraying safety kit
-  Pomegranate spraying system based on ultrasonic sensors
-  Improved ladder for apple harvesting in Himachal Pradesh
-  Personal protective equipment for women workers in fish processing units
-  Generation of bio-char from crop residues
-  Axial flow multi-crop thresher for hilly region
-  Compact fruit grader
-  Wood apple Pulper machine
-  Insect Net for Net House for Vegetables Production
-  Potential of fruit varieties of ber, Ziziphusmauritiana, for lac production
-  Single-row tractor front mounted hydraulic operated sorghum harvester.
-  Instrumentation system for measuring tractor implements performance in real field
-  Solar power plant of 25 kWp installed with power output between 75-115 kWh/day.

## Year wise and crop wise list of varieties/hybrids released during 2013-2015

|         |              | 2013                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 2014                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 2015                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|---------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cereals | Cereals      | Cereals :70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Cereals :47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Cereals :49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| 1.      | Rice         | Total: 28 CO4 (Hybrid), Sheethal, Siddhi, CNR 2, CR Sugandh Dhan 907, CSR 43, US 305, Ankur 7434, PAC 807, JKRH 401, SHIATS Dhan- 1, VNR 2375 Plus, DRR Dhan-40, Arize Dhani, Malviya Basmati Dhan 10-9, Vallabh Basmati-21, NP 218, NP 124-8, NP 209, US 314, 27P52, 27P63, KPH 199, KPH 371, GAR-1, Pratap-1, Pusa Basmati-1509, Pusa-6 | Total: 16 CR Dhan 300;CR Dhan 303; ARB 6; CR Dhan 201; CR Dhan 202;CR Dhan 305; CR Dhan 505; CR Dhan 304; CR Dhan 407; Gangavati Sona; Gontra Bindhan-3; Shobhini; VL Dhan 68; VL Dhan 157 ; NP 107-5; PAC 801 (Hybrid)                                    | Total: 21 Arize 6444 Gold, INH97288, RC Maniphou 12, Indira Aerobic-1, Basmati 564, 6129 (BS-129), BNKR-1, Pushpa, Vallabh Basmai-24, IR-64 Drt I (IET 22836), DRR Dhan 41,CO 51, Birsa Vikas Dhan-111, Samba Sub-1 (IET 21248), Birsa Vikas Dhan- 203, Vallach Basmati 23, Sabour Shree (RAU 724-48-33), PR-124 (IET 22767), Shalimar Rice-2, Shalimar Rice-3, SAVA 127 |
| 2.      | Maize        | Total: 15 CMH 08-282, Shalimar Maize Composite-3, KDM-438, Pant Shankar Makka-1, Pratap QPM Hybrid-1, P1864, Sun Vaaman, NSCH-12, NMH 1242, LG 32-81, BIO 605, KDMH 017, BIO 9544, S 6217, Bisco 97 Gold                                                                                                                                  | Total: 10 P3522 (X35A019); CoH (M) 9 (CMH 08-350); CoH (M)7 (CMH 08-287); CoH (M)8 (CMH 08-292); DHM 121 (BH 41009); Vivek Maize Hybrid 47 (FH 3513); Vivek Maize Hybrid 53 (FH 3556); Vivek Maize Hybrid 51 (FH 3554); KMH-25K45 (2700) (BUMPER); GH 0727 | Total: 6 CoH (M) 10 CMH 08-433, HM-13 (HKH-317), PMH 6 (JH 31292) Hybrid, NMH-713,P-3580 (X-35A180), PHM- 12 (JPMH-4)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| 3.      | Wheat        | Total: 13 HPW 349, WH 1105, HI 8713 (Pusa Mangal) (d), HW 5216 (Pusa Thenmalai), DBW 71, UAS 304, MP 3336, DBW 90, DBW 88, HD 3086, HD 3090, Narendra Wheat 4018, K0402 (Mahi)                                                                                                                                                            | Total: 08 WHD 948; SHIATS-W6 (AAI-W6); K0607; WH1124; K 1006 (Shekhar New); NW- 5054; MACS 6478; HD 2967;                                                                                                                                                  | Total:11 Nilgiri Khapli, Pusa Kiran (HS-542), RSP 561, DBW 110, DBW 107, Pusa Vatsala (HD 3118), Pusa Anmol (HI 8737), Shalimar Wheat-2 (SKW-355), DBW 93, UAS 446,                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| 4.      | Pearl Millet | Total: 06 KBH 108 , GHB 905, MPMH 17, HHB 234, Nandi 72, 86M89,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Total :02 Dhanashakti (ICTP 8203 Fe 10-2); NBH 5061 (MH 1812)                                                                                                                                                                                              | WH1142 Total:3 NBH 5767, 86M88 (MH-1816), 86M01 (MH-1790),                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| 5.      | Sorghum      | Total: 03 CSH 30, CSH 31R, Wani 11/6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Total :02 HJ 541; CSH 32 (SPH 1674/DJ 2004)                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Total : 04 SPH 1635, Phule Suchitra (RSV 1098), NSH 55 (SPH 1703), CSV 32F (SPV 2128)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |

| 6.       | Barley            | Total: 03 DWRB 91, RD 2786, NDB 1445                                                                             | Total: 05 HUB 113 (Mahamana); Pusa Sheetal (BHS 400); BH 946; VL Jau 118 (VLB 118); DWRB-92            | Total : 02 DWRB 101, BH 959                                                        |
|----------|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 7.       | Finger Millet     | Total: 01 HIMA                                                                                                   | Total: 03 KMR 204; VL Mandua- 352 (VL 352); Phule Nachani-1 (KOPN-235)                                 | -                                                                                  |
| 8.       | Oat               | -                                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | Total:2 JO-03-93, OS-377                                                           |
| 9.       | Grain Amaranth    | -                                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | -                                                                                  |
| 10.      | Foxtail Millet    | Total: 01 SiA 3085                                                                                               | Total: 01 SiA 3156                                                                                     | -                                                                                  |
| 11.      | Barnyard Millet   | -                                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | -                                                                                  |
| 12.      | Kodo Millet       | -                                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | -                                                                                  |
| Oilseeds | Oilseeds          | Oilseeds (15)                                                                                                    | Oilseeds (08)                                                                                          | Oilseeds (16)                                                                      |
| 13.      | Rapeseed- Mustard | Total: 08 DRMRIJ 31, RH 0406, Raj Vijay Mustard-2 , RH 0749, Pusa Mustard 29, Pusa Mustard 30, RRN 573, Divya-33 | -                                                                                                      | Total :4 Gujarat Dantiwada Mustard-4, Albeli-1, RSPN 25, GSC 7 (GSC 101)           |
| 14.      | Groundnut         | Total: 01 Dharani                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | Total :3 Gujarat Junagadh GNut-18, Raj Mungfali-2 (RG-578), Phule Bharati (JL 776) |
| 15.      | Sesame            | Total: 01 HT-9713                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | Total : 02 Smarak (OSC 560), Subhra (OSC 207),                                     |
| 16.      | Soybean           | Total: 03 Soybean 19 (PS 1368), MACS 1188, Pratap Soya 45 (RKS                                                   | Total : 06 JS 20-29; JS 20-34; Raj Vijay Soybean 2001-04(RVS 2001-4); MAUS-2 (Pooja); MAUS-162; DSb-21 | Total : 04 NRC 86 (Ahilya 6), KDS 344(Phule Agrani), Pusa 12 (DS 12-13), DSB 21    |
| 17.      | Sunflower         | Total: 01                                                                                                        | -                                                                                                      | -                                                                                  |
| 18.      | Castor            | -                                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | -                                                                                  |
| 19.      | Linseed           | -                                                                                                                | -                                                                                                      | Total :2 Pratap Alsi-2, Tiara (JRF-2)                                              |
| 20.      | Niger             | -                                                                                                                | Total : 01 DNS 4                                                                                       | -                                                                                  |
| 21.      | Safflower         | Total: 01 PKV Pink                                                                                               | Total : 01 NARI-H-23                                                                                   | Total :1 NARI-57                                                                   |
| Pulses   | Pulses            | Pulses (8)                                                                                                       | Pulses (12)                                                                                            | Pulses (08)                                                                        |

| 23.          | Mungbean            | Total: 01 SML 832                          | Total: 03 MH 421; DGGV-2; BGS-9 (Somnath)     | Total:2 CO 8, Shalimar Moong-2 (SKUAM -300)   |
|--------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| 24.          | Urdbean             | Total: 01 Pratap Urd-1                     | Total: 01 DBGV-5                              | Total:1 Vallabh Urd-1,                        |
| 25.          | Pigeon pea          | Total: 03 Rajeshwari, Rudreshwar, PKV TARA | Total: 02 BRG-4 (BRG 10-2); ICPH 2671(Hybrid) | -                                             |
| 26.          | Lentil              | -                                          | Total: 01 Raj Vijay Lentil 31 (JL 31)         | Total:1 Shalimar Masoor-2 (SKUA-L9)           |
| 27.          | Field pea           | -                                          | Total: 02 IPFD 10-12; HFP 715                 | Total:1 Shalimar Pea-1 (SKUA-P-8)             |
| 28.          | Cowpea              | -                                          | Total: 01 DCS 47-1                            | -                                             |
| 29.          | Cluster bean        | -                                          | -                                             | -                                             |
| 30.          | Horse gram          | -                                          | Total: 01 CRIDAHARSHA (CRHG 19)               | -                                             |
| 31.          | Rajmash             | -                                          | -                                             | -                                             |
| Fibre crops  | Fibre crops         | Fibre crops (3)                            | Fibre crops (3)                               | Fibre crops (3)                               |
| 32.          | Cotton              | Total: 02 CSHG 1862 , RG 542               | -                                             | Total :1 Nirmal-18 (NACH- 18)                 |
| 33.          | Jute                |                                            | -                                             | Total:1 Rithika (JROG-1)                      |
| 34.          | Mesta               | Total: 01 JBM 71 (Shanti)                  | -                                             |                                               |
| 35.          | Sun hemp            | -                                          | -                                             | Total:1 Prankur (JRJ-610)                     |
| Forage crops | Forage crops        | Forage crops (04)                          | Forage crops (05)                             | Forage crops (04)                             |
| 36.          | Forage Bajra        | -                                          | Total: 01 Nutrifeed (PAC-981)                 | -                                             |
| 37.          | Forage oat          | Total: 02 Shalimar Fodder Oats-1, NDO-2    | -                                             | Total:1 Shalimar Fodder Oats-4(SKO-108)       |
| 38.          | Forage Sorghum      | -                                          | Total: 01 CSV 30F                             | -                                             |
| 39.          | Napier Bajra Hybrid | -                                          | Total: 01 CO (BN)5 (TNCN 074)                 | Total: 01 BNH 10 (BAIF Napier Hybrid 10)      |
| 40.          | Marvel Grass        | -                                          | -                                             | Total :1 Phule Marvel 06- 40                  |
| 41.          | Guinea Grass        | -                                          | Total: 1 CO (GG) 3 (TNGG 062)                 | -                                             |
| 42.          | Anjan Grass         | -                                          | -                                             | -                                             |
| 43.          | Setaria grass       | Total: 01: Palam Setaria-1                 | -                                             | -                                             |
| 44.          | Rice bean           | Total: 01: Him Shakti                      | -                                             | -                                             |
| 45.          | Berseem             | -                                          | Total: 01 Hisar Berseem 2 (HB 2)              | -                                             |
| 46.          | Lucerne             | -                                          | -                                             | Total:1 CO 2                                  |

|   Sugar crops | Sugar crops   | Sugar crops (06)                                                                                 | Sugar crops (02)                                                       | Sugar crops (01)   |
|---------------|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
|            47 | Sugarcane     | Total: 06 Co 06027, Co 06030, Co 05009 (Karan-10), Uttara, Kanakamahalakshmi, Imarti (CoSe01421) | Total: 02 Sankeshwar 049 (Co Snk 05103); Sankeshwar 814 (Co Snk 05104) | Total:1 CoP 2061   |

## Breeder Seed Production by selected Universities/ Institutes including PAU Ludhiana during last three years

(Figures in quintals)

| Sl.   |                       | 2012-13   | 2012-13    | 2013-14   | 2013-14    | 2014-15   | 2014-15    |
|-------|-----------------------|-----------|------------|-----------|------------|-----------|------------|
| No    | Centre                | Indent    | Production | Indent    | Production | Indent    | Production |
| 1     | SKUA &T, Srinagar     | 67.75     | 112.80     | 66.75     | 118.50     | 76.58     | 108.29     |
| 2     | CSHHPKV, Palampur     | 235.29    | 732.12     | 566.30    | 907.66     | 602.85    | 749.00     |
| 3     | PAU, Ludhiana         | 3573.25   | 3896.51    | 3500.09   | 4721.76    | 4048.16   | 5369.20    |
| 4     | CCSHAU, Hisar         | 2326.43   | 2162.82    | 2073.59   | 1967.88    | 1045.40   | 2641.17    |
| 5     | GBPUAT, Pantnagar     | 5662.15   | 5482.06    | 4232.87   | 3999.79    | 4982.99   | 6641.50    |
| 6     | NDUA&T, Faizabad      | 1835.80   | 2260.72    | 954.50    | 1155.20    | 919.46    | 1228.06    |
| 7     | CSAUA&T, Kanpur       | 3528.84   | 3930.19    | 3619.90   | 3400.38    | 1831.35   | 1808.22    |
| 8     | BHU, Varanasi         | 258.95    | 503.80     | 138.80    | 248.12     | 251.20    | 374.57     |
| 9     | AAU, Jorhat           | 146.50    | 454.89     | 195.00    | 354.41     | 205.00    | 376.98     |
| 10    | BAU, Ranchi           | 214.76    | 103.73     | 280.50    | 129.50     | 175.50    | 183.08     |
| 11    | RAU, Dholi            | 938.60    | 946.28     | 668.38    | 906.32     | 1153.10   | 1111.11    |
| 12    | OUA&T, Bhubaneswar    | 2054.90   | 1306.65    | 870.93    | 1460.66    | 1023.15   | 1783.63    |
| 13    | MAF,AU, Kota          | 2331.30   | 3304.06    | 2450.90   | 2729.88    | 1810.30   | 2678.67    |
| 14    | RAU, Bikaner          | 3883.45   | 3497.03    | 3374.17   | 3765.95    | 4663.50   | 5599.74    |
| 15    | SDAU, S.K.Nagar       | 2014.54   | 2200.22    | 1841.74   | 2393.06    | 2358.31   | 2775.19    |
| 16    | AAU, Anand            | 0.00      | 0.00       | 146.25    | 258.31     | 978.84    | 1073.26    |
| 17    | JAU, Jamnagar         | 0.00      | 0.00       | 1.91      | 22.57      | 2483.50   | 2630.19    |
| 18    | IGKV, Raipur          | 1634.94   | 1827.53    | 1295.19   | 1500.38    | 1682.35   | 1859.32    |
| 19    | JNKVV, Jabalpur       | 28884.60  | 14841.26   | 18880.59  | 15239.03   | 51465.28  | 53221.87   |
| 20    | MPKV, Rahuri          | 2358.11   | 2504.45    | 2213.30   | 2461.94    | 2050.75   | 2345.88    |
| 21    | PDKV, Akola           | 1719.31   | 1812.03    | 1440.51   | 1124.22    | 1047.81   | 1222.34    |
| 22    | MAU, Parbhani         | 1512.14   | 3773.68    | 1341.15   | 2903.55    | 3844.77   | 2461.27    |
| 23    | UAS, Bangalore        | 795.40    | 1301.20    | 777.40    | 1082.43    | 765.29    | 1201.82    |
| 24    | UAS, Dharwad          | 13708.55  | 17490.72   | 12313.70  | 12800.10   | 0.00      | 0.00       |
| 25    | ANGRAU, Hyderabad     | 12210.51  | 13257.05   | 8798.71   | 9762.08    | 9424.40   | 10623.37   |
| 26    | TNAU, Coimbatore      | 897.08    | 551.50     | 775.33    | 467.43     | 1264.48   | 1410.51    |
| 27    | KAU, Pattambi         | 47.49     | 96.08      | 37.21     | 87.52      | 9.21      | 62.40      |
| 28    | PAJANCOA&RI, Karaikal | 7.85      | 23.98      | 5.35      | 31.10      | 0.00      | 0.00       |
| 29    | KKV, Dapoli           | 43.23     | 181.66     | 35.93     | 184.70     | 69.23     | 186.13     |
| 30    | UAS, Raichur          | 0.00      | 0.00       | 382.00    | 663.49     | 280.00    | 561.64     |
| 31    | NAU, Navsari          | 0.00      | 0.00       | 0.00      | 0.00       | 88.55     | 174.65     |
|       | Total SAUs            | 92891.72  | 88555.02   | 73278.95  | 76847.92   | 100601.31 | 112463.06  |

| ICAR, Institute   | ICAR, Institute      |   ICAR, Institute |   ICAR, Institute |   ICAR, Institute |   ICAR, Institute |   ICAR, Institute |   ICAR, Institute |
|-------------------|----------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 32                | VPKAS, Almora        |            213.35 |            215.4  |            141.48 |            179.75 |             65.53 |            120.3  |
| 33                | IIPR, Kanpur         |            314.15 |            416.26 |            267.07 |            404.03 |            246.2  |            592.6  |
| 34                | IGFRI, Jhansi        |            141.65 |            157.35 |            259.55 |            192.05 |             63.8  |            105.25 |
| 35                | CRIJAF, Barrackpore  |             17.4  |             18.54 |             17.4  |             18.54 |             10.87 |             11.9  |
| 36                | CAZRI, Jodhpur       |              4    |              6.47 |              4    |              0    |              4    |              0    |
| 37                | CRRI, Cuttack        |            496.8  |            433.6  |            519.6  |            517.4  |            623.3  |            682.9  |
| 38                | DRR, Hyderabad       |            100.5  |            190    |             86.5  |            160    |             87.3  |            160.82 |
| 39                | DSR, Hyderabad       |             18.13 |             56.98 |             11.3  |             49.5  |            449.4  |            731.45 |
| 40                | CICR, Nagpur         |              0.94 |              0.94 |              0.42 |              1.9  |              0    |              0    |
| 41                | IARI, Karnal         |           1267.79 |           1225.05 |           1294.55 |           1405.26 |           1469.58 |           1605.1  |
| 42                | IARI, New Delhi      |           3332.15 |           3735.98 |            630    |            689.1  |            622.4  |           2896.02 |
| 43                | ICAR RC NEH, Manipur |              0    |              0    |             54.3  |            113.7  |              0    |              0    |
| 44                | ICAR RC NEH, Tripura |              0    |              0    |           2853    |           2853    |              0    |              0    |
| 45                | CAU, Imphal          |              0    |              0    |              0    |              0    |             16    |             15.3  |
| 46                | ICAR-DSR, Mau        |              0    |              0    |              0    |              0    |             78    |             82.5  |
| 47                | DRMR, Bharatpur      |              0    |              0    |              0    |              0    |              8.81 |              9.82 |
|                   | Total ICAR Institute |           5906.86 |           6456.57 |           6139.17 |           6584.23 |           3653.89 |           6853.14 |
|                   | Total (SAU + ICAR)   |          98798.6  |          95011.6  |          79418.1  |          83432.1  |         104255    |         119316    |

## Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

The point-wise reply to the queries is given below:

## (b) The funds released by ICAR and utilized by the Punjab Agricultural University during the last three years

| Year    |   Funds (Rs. In lakhs) |
|---------|------------------------|
| 2013-14 |                5673.98 |
| 2014-15 |                5979.36 |
| 2015-16 |                5160.28 |

## (c) Major Researches undertaken by Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana

-  The major research emphasis of the university is to develop improved varieties/hybrids having high yield, resistance to diseases and insect pests and acceptable quality in field and horticultural crops using conventional as well as biotechnological tools (Marker Assisted Selection)
-  The  university  conducting  research  for  efficientmanagement  of  soil  and  water  resources  for sustainable agriculture, increasing input use efficiency, use of biofertilizers, integrated management of pests, diseases and  weeds developing farm  machinery for precision and costeffective agriculture including field and horticultural crops, agro/food processing particularly of vegetables and fruits for value addition, and producing high quality seed and plant saplings of fruits and forest trees.

## (d) The outcome of these researches

The concerted efforts have resulted in the development and release of the following varieties of different field and horticultural crops with matching production and protection technologies.

New Varieties/ hybrids developed/ released

## 2013-14

## I. Field Crops

| Crop               | Variety         | Year   | Remarks                         |
|--------------------|-----------------|--------|---------------------------------|
| Rice               | PR 123          | 2013   | Excellent cooking quality       |
| Wheat              | PBW 658         | -do-   |                                 |
| Soybean            | SL 958          | -do-   |                                 |
| Pearl Millet       | PHB 2884        | -do-   |                                 |
| Rice               | PR 124          | 2014   | Also released at national level |
| Wheat              | PBW 660         | -do-   |                                 |
| Maize              | PMH 9 PMH 10    | -do-   |                                 |
| Canola GobhiSarson | GSC 7           | -do-   | Also released at national level |
| Raya               | PBR 357         | -do-   |                                 |
| Sesame             | PbTil No. 2     | -do-   |                                 |
| Chickpea           | PBG 7           | -do-   |                                 |
| Sorghum            | PSC 4           | -do-   |                                 |
| Oats               | OL 10           | -do-   |                                 |
| Wheat              | PBW 677 PBW 725 | 2015   |                                 |
| Raya               | RLC 3           | -do-   |                                 |
| Sunflower          | PSH 1962        | -do-   |                                 |
| Napier Bajra       | PBN 346         | -do-   |                                 |

## II. Horticulture Crops

| Crop            | Variety             | Year   | Remarks                                                |
|-----------------|---------------------|--------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| Papaya          | Red Lady 786        | 2013   | For protected cultivation                              |
| Pomegranate     | Bhagwa              | -do-   |                                                        |
| Fig             | Brown turkey        | -do-   |                                                        |
| Bottlegourd     | Punjab Barkat       | -do-   |                                                        |
| Chinese cabbage | SaagSarson          | -do-   |                                                        |
| Carrot          | Punjab Black Beauty | -do-   | Contains high anthocyanin content                      |
|                 | Punjab Red Carrot   | -do-   |                                                        |
| KasuriMethi     | Kasuri supreme      | -do-   |                                                        |
| Peas            | Mater Ageta 7       | -do-   |                                                        |
| Chilli          | CH 27               | 2014   |                                                        |
| Tomato          | Pb. VarkhaBahar 4   | -do-   |                                                        |
| Muskmelon       | MH27                | -do-   |                                                        |
| Broccoli        | PalamSamridhi       | -do-   |                                                        |
| Raddish         | RB 21               | -do-   |                                                        |
| Kinnow          | PAU Kinnow 1        | -do-   |                                                        |
| Tomato          | Punjab Gaurav       | 2015   | Suitable for protected cultivation under polynet house |
|                 | Punjab Sartaj       | -do-   | Suitable for protected cultivation under polynet house |
|                 | Punjab Red Cherry   | -do-   | Suitable for protected cultivation under polynet house |
| Brinjal         | PBH 4               | -do-   |                                                        |
| Garlic          | PG 18               | -do-   |                                                        |
| Pumpkin         | PPH 1               | -do-   | Small and round fruits                                 |
|                 | PPH 2               | -do-   | Small and round fruits                                 |
| Chrysanthemum   | Punjab Shyamli      | -do-   |                                                        |

## Crop Production Technologies  (2013-14)

-  Organic  farming  for  fodder  production  in  maize-berseem-bajra  and  maize-berseemmaize+cowpea cropping system has been recommended.
-  Application  of  new  native  isolate Bradyrhizobium sp.  (LSBR  3)  culture  enhanced soybean grain yield by 4-8 per cent.
-  Application of Rhizobium culture as biofertilizer in pigeonpea improved yield by 5-7 per cent.
-  Foliar application of zinc heptahydrate (0.5% solution) at anthesis and early milk stage enhanced zinc content in wheat grains.
-  Two  sprays  of  magnesium  sulphate  @  1.0  per  cent  were  recommended  for  the management of leaf reddening in cotton.
-  Bed planting and furrow irrigation in spring maize saved 33 per cent irrigation water as compared to flood irrigation with flat sowing.
-  First  irrigation  to  spring  maize  should  be  applied  at  25-30  days  after  sowing.  The subsequent  irrigations  should  be  applied  at  2  weeks  interval  upto  10th  April  and thereafter at one week interval upto maturity.
-  Drip irrigation schedule has been given for spring maize which saved 40 per cent water and resulted in 20-25 per cent higher yield as compared to flood irrigation.

-  Apply nitrogen in  three  equal  splits  at  3,  6  and  9  weeks  after  sowing  in  direct  seeded basmati rice.
-  Nitrogen application to direct-seeded rice should be made in three splits at 2, 5, and 9 weeks after seeding.
-  Phosphorus  (P)  application  to  direct-seeded  rice  should  be  omitted  wherein  previous wheat has received recommended P dose.
-  Application of 10 t ha -1 rice  husk  ash and bagasse ash to wheat saved 30 kg P2O5 ha -1 without affecting system productivity.
-  Sub-soiling in sugarcane improved cane yield by 16% over check where no sub soiling is done.
-  Intercropping  of  three  rows  of  garlicin  between  two  rows  of  autumn  sugarcanewere recommended to get higher returns.

## Plant Protection Technologies (2013-14)

-  Large scale demonstration of temperature tolerant strain of Trichogrammachilonis and T. chilonis insugarcaneover an area of 4500 acres for the management of early shoot borer, Chiloinfuscatellus and  stalk  borer, Chiloauricilius revealed  reduction  of  its  incidence. Large scale demonstration on efficiency of T. japonicum against top borer, S. excerptalis over an area of 1020 acresreduced the incidence of top borer.
-  The large scale demonstrationof biological control of maize stem borer, C hilopartellus using T. chilonis @ 1, 00, 000/ ha brought down level of leaf injury and dead hearts.
-  Large scale demonstration of biocontrol based IPM in basmati r iceover an area of 10 ha each  with  7  releases  of T.  chilonis and T.  japonicum each  @  1,  00,000/  ha  proved  as effective for the management of leaf folder and stem borer.
-  Treatment of wheat seed with Vitavax Power 75WS (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5%) @ 3g/kg of seed for management of loose smut, flag smut and black point.
-  Soaking of rice seed in 10 litres of water containing 20 g Bavistin 50WP (carbendazim) and 1 g Streptocycline (streptomycin+tetracycline) for 8 to 10 hours before sowingfor the management of seed borne diseases of rice.
-  Spray the rice crop as soon as the disease is noticed at boot stage with Lusture 37.5 SE (flusilazole12.5% + carbendazim) @ 320 ml/acrefor control of sheath blight.
-  Spray Mortar 75SG (cartap hydrochloride) @ 170 g/ acre for the control of stem borers and leaf folder in Basmati and non- Basmati rice.
-  Post-emergence application of Parimaze 10 SL (imazethapyr) @ 750 ml/ha at 15-20 days after sowing for weed control in soybean
-  Spray Diafenthiuron 50WP @ 200 g/acre and Spiromesifen 240SC @ 200 ml/acre for the control of whitefly on cotton.
-  Adoption of cropping sequence of cauliflower-onion-okra proved effective in managing root knot nematodes and significantly reduced root knot soil index in infested soils.
-  Paddy straw mulch at 6.0 t/ha for weed control in autumn potato served as an alternate to herbicides.
-  New  formulations  of  mancozeb,  Mass  M-45  and  Markzeb  75  WP  and  a  copper oxychloride, Markcopper 50% WP, proved effective for the management of late blight of potato.
-  Application of new fungicide Revus 250SC (Mandipropamid 23.4%) for control of late blight of potato.

-  Pre-emergence application of either of Goal 23.5 EC (oxyfluorfen) 2400 ml/acre applied within  one  week  of  planting  garlic  or  Stomp  30  EC  (pendimethalin)  @  1.0  litre/acre applied within two days of planting garlic gave effective control of annual weeds.
-  Pre-emergence  application  of  Goal  23.5  EC  (oxyfluorfen)  at  200  ml/acre,  within  two days  of  sowing,  provided  effective  control  of  annual  grasses  and  broadleaf  weeds  in carrot.

## Post Harvest Technologies

-  Technology for the preparation, packaging and preservation of paste and slurry (puree) of onion
-  Juice/pulp extraction and preservation were standardized for kinnow, guava, peach, pear, grape, lime, mango and plum.
-  Technology has been given for the ripening of physiologically matured fruits of winter guava cv . Sardar.
-  Grapes  packed  in  low  density  polyethylene  (LDPE)  bag  with  single  sheet  of  sulphur dioxide generating pad and kept in corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes can be stored for 30  days  at  0-2 ○ C  temperature  and  90-95  per  cent  relative  humidity  with  acceptable quality.

## Crop Production Technologies (2014-15)

-  Green manuring has been recommended in basmati to omit urea application.
-  Application of consortium culture o f Rhizobium (LLR 12) and Rhizobacterium (RB 2) as biofertilizer in lentil enhances grain yield.
-  Intercrop one row of maize or cowpea as fodder and summer moong as grain crop in Bt cotton.
-  Intercrop one row of cowpea or maize as fodder and groundnut for pods in maize sown at row to row spacing of 60 cm.
-  Sow the kharif mungbean crop in the second fortnight of July for obtaining higher grain yield.
-  Application  of  Biozyme  @  8kg/acre  at  the  time  of  sowing  and  again  at  the  time  of earthing up, followed by its foliar spray @ 200 ml/acre, improves the yield of potato.
-  To  improve  germination  of  bittergourd  seeds  soak  seed  in  Potassium  dihydrogen orthophosphate 10 -1 M (13.6g/ litre of water) for 24 hr and then keep the seeds in moist gunny bags for 48 hr.
-  In  turmeric,  apply  5  tonnes/acre  FYM  before  planting  and  25  kg  N/acre  in  two  equal splits at 75 and 100 days after planting.
-  Two sprays of 15 g NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) in 500 litres of water once in second fortnight of October and again in second fortnight of November reduces the physiological fruit drop in 'Umran' ber.
-  To rejuvenate  senile  guava  trees  (15  years  old),head  back  the  trees  at  1.5  m  from  the ground level in the month of March leaving 2-3 primary scaffolds. Apply Bordeaux paste on the cut ends.  In August, thin out the crowded and intermingled shoots and prune 50% portion  of  the  newly  emerged  shoots  from  the  top.  This  promotes  to  flowering  and fruiting in winter season crop.
-  To rejuvenate senile mango trees (30 years old) head back the trees at the height of 2 m from the crotch angle in first week of January by retaining four to five outward growing branches. Apply Bordeaux paste on the cut ends and exposed branches should be white washed. In June, retain 3-4 healthy outward growing shoots on each stub. Trees will start bearing fruits after three years of rejuvenation.

## Plant Protection Technologies

-  Large scale demonstration of biological control of maize stemborer using Trichogrammachilonis in an area of 202 acres gave effective control of maize stem borer.
-  Large scale demonstration of biocontrol based IPM in organic basmati rice over an area of 50 acres resulted in lower incidence of yellow stem borer and leaf folder.
-  Application of Fame 480 SC (flubendiamide) @ 20 ml/acre was effective for the control of stem borer and leaf folder in rice and basmati rice.
-  Application  of  Marktriazo  40  EC  (triazophos)  @  350  ml/acre  was  found  effective  for control of stem borer and leaf folder in rice.
-  Application of Marktriazo 40EC (triazophos) @ 600 ml/acre provided effective control of whitefly in cotton.
-  Application  of  Nativo  75WP  @  80g  in  200  litres  of  water/acre  provided  the  effective control of sheath blight and brown spot in rice.
-  Spray  of  Indoxacarb  14.5  SC  @  200  ml  or  Spinosad  45  SC  @  60  ml/acre  at  flower initiation stage was effective for the management of spotted pod borer in pigeonpea.
-  Application of Bumper 25EC (propiconazole) and Orius 25.9 EC (tebuconazole) @ 200 ml/acre were effective for the management of sheath blight rice.
-  For effective weed control in Napier Bajra, two hoeings should be done at 21 and 42 days after planting.
-  Post  emergence  application  of  Parimaze  10  SL  (imazethapyr)  @  180  ml/ha  provided effective for the control of mixed weeds flora including grasses, broadleaves and sedges in soybean.
-  Application of new brand formulations of Pendimethalin (Penda 30 EC @ 1litre /acre, Markpendi 30 EC@ 1litre /acre),  Sulfosulfuron  (Markosulfo  75  WG@  13g  /acre)  and Clodinafop (Markclodina 15 WP@ 160 g /acre, Columbus 15 WP@ 160g /acre) were found  effective  for  the  control  of Phalaris  minor and  of  Sulfosulfuron  +  Metsulfuron (Markpower  75  WG@  16g  /acre)  for  the  control  of  joint  infestation  of P.  minor and broadleaf weeds in wheat.
-  Application of  100 q/ha paddy straw mulch at the time of planting and if needed, one hand weeding at 3 months after planting was found effective for management of weeds in organic  turmeric  without  straw  mulch  three  hand  weedings  at  1,  2  and  3  months  after planting are required.
-  Application of Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 200 ml/acre provided effective for the control of tomato fruit borer.

## Post Harvest Technologies

-  Packaging of bell pepper fruits in paper moulded trays followed by wrapping with heat shrinkable  film  or  cling  film  improves  shelf  life,  maintains  quality  and  enhances consumer appeal under super market and ordinary market conditions for 10 and 7 days, respectively,  as  against  5  and  2  days  with  unpacked.  This  minimizes  the  postharvest losses of bell pepper during retail marketing.
-  Winter  season  tomatoes,  free  from  bruises  and  diseases,  packed  in  plastic  crates  lined with  newspaper  can  be  ripened  in  7-10  days  in  ventilated  polyhouse  conditions  or ripening chamber (20 o C temperature and 85-90% RH). The fruit attains uniform colour and quality during ripening.
-  A bioprocess for production of debittered citrus juices and beverages using naringinase enzyme (α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase), produced by yeast Clavisporalusitaniae, was developed.
-  Scale up studies on grape (var. Perlette) vinegar at 50L revealed vinegar production in 27 days with a volatile acidity of 5.1% (w/v) and a recovery of 68%.
-  Button mushrooms were efficiently processed into paste, which can be packed in plastic containers and polypropylene bags.

## Crop Production Technologies( 2015-16)

-  Real time nitrogen scheduling using leaf color chart (LCC) saved 12 kg N /acre in maize, and 6-20 kg/acre in wheat.
-  Use of bio-fertilizers containing Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi improved wheat yield.
-  Application  of  consortium  culture  of Rhizobium (LSMR-1)  and  Rhizobacterium  (RB  3)  as biofertilizer in summer mungbean enhances grain yield.
-  Drip irrigation in pea results in saving of 30% water over conventional method of irrigation. Fertigation  helps  save  20%  fertilizer.  30  %  higher  yield  with  drip  irrigation  system  as compared with conventional irrigation system.
-  Drip irrigation with plastic mulch in brinjal results in saving of 50% water over conventional method  of  irrigation.  Fertigation  helps  save  20%  fertilizer.  40%  higher  yield  with  drip irrigation system as compared with conventional irrigation system.
-  Use  of  consortium  biofertilizers  for  maize  and  wheat  was  recommended  @1.25  Kg/ha  for seed  treatment  and  for  turmeric,  onion  and  potato  @10  Kg/ha  as  soil  application  for enhancing yield and improving health of soil.
-  Sow the crop in the second fortnight of July for obtaining high grain yield.
-  Raised bed planting of kharif mungbean and pigeonpea not only saves irrigation water but also saves the crop from adverse effect of heavy rains.
-  The  application  of  biozyme  @  8kg/acre  at  the  time  of  sowing  and  again  at  the  time  of earlthing up followed by its foliar spray @ 200 ml/acre improves the yield of potato.
-  To improve the germination of bittergourd seeds under optimal and suboptimal temperature, it should be soaked for 24 hour in Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate 10 -1 M(13.6g/ litre of water) and then keep the seeds in moist gunny bags for 48 hours.
-  Bud forcing is a technique to induce early scion bud break and faster growth of nursery of Kinnow and Kagzi lime and provides early saleable nursery plants.
-  Mango can be propagated through wedge grafting from end-July to end-August on rootstock of same or greater diameter than the bud stick under open field or protected conditions.
-  Wheat  variety  WH  1105  should  be  preferred  over  other  varieties  for  sowing  in  poplar plantations. This should be sown  in first fortnight of November  for  getting higher productivity.
-  The fertilizer dose, timing and its method of application to plantations of clonal eucalyptus during  different  growth  years  were  standardized  for  obtaining  higher  productivity  from plantations.

## Plant Protection Technologies

-  Cotton IPM technology was disseminated in 47 villages of different districts of Punjab viz. Fazilka, Sri Mukatsar Sahib, Abohar and Mansa. The scouts from these adopted villages were trained in various aspects of IPM technology. Surveillance was also carried out on whitefly incidence in the cotton growing areas of Punjab.
-  Large  scale  demonstration  of  temperature  tolerant  strain  of Trichogrammachilonis ,  eight releases of T. japonicum and biocontrol based IPM technology for the management of early shoot borer, stalk borer and top borer in sugarcane , reduced their incidence by 54.1 to 60.2 ; 55.2 to 59.6 per cent and 52.31 to 54.4 per cent, respectively.
-  Large scale demonstration of biological control of maize stem borer using T. chilonis rendered net returns over control of Rs. 8630/- as compared to Rs.10978/- in farmers' practice.
-  Large scale demonstration of biocontrol based IPM in organic basmati rice resulted in lower incidence of yellow stem borer and leaf folder with higher cost: benefit ratio.

-  The  biocontrol  based  IPM  module  proved  effective  in  minimizing  the  population  of Pierisbrassicae on cauliflower and also enhanced the population build up of natural enemies in the field.
-  MAK Bharat Petroleum Horticultural mineral oil @ 1.25% has been recommended against citrus psylla and citrus aphid on kinnow.
-  Two  sprays  (first  at  boot  stage  and  second  after  15  days  interval)  with  Nativo  75  WG (Tebuconazole+Trifloxistrobin)  @  80  g  in 200  litre of water per acre are effective formanagement of sheath blight and brown spot of rice
-  Indoxacarb  14.5  SC  @  500  ml/ha  has  been  recommended  against  tomato  fruit  borer  in tomato.
-  Spray of indoxacarb 14.5 SC or spinosad 45 SC at flower initiation stage helps in effective management of spotted pod borer in pigeonpea.
-  Eco-friendly management of fruit flies in mango orchards can be done by fixing PAU fruit fly traps @ 16 traps per acre in the 3 rd week of May
-  Yellow rust of wheat has emerged as a serious disease problem in the state, its occurrence and development during different months has been investigated and found that it initially appears in  sub  mountainous areas of the Punjab during  December and January and then spreads to other areas in February. Management of yellow (stripe) and brown rust of wheat with sprays of Stilt 25 EC @ 200 ml in 200 litres of water per acre
-  Bumper 25EC and Orius 25EC have been recommended for the management of sheath blight of rice; Compass 25EC and Markzole 25EC have been recommended for the management of yellow and brown rusts of wheat; Raxil60FS and Seedex 2DS have been recommended for the management of loose and flag smuts of wheat
-  A potent  isolate  of Trichoderma bioagent  has  also  been  identified  for  managing  muskmelon wilt and Phytophthora foot rot of kinnow
-  Application of sulfosulfuron at 24.4 g/ha as early post emergence (14-21 days after sowing), before first irrigation, provides effective control of P. minor in wheat.
-  Application  of  bispyribac-sodium  at  25  g./ha  at  15-  20  days  after  nursery  sowing  of  rice provides effective control of mixed weed flora.
-  Early post emergence application of Granite 240 SC (penoxsulam) at 25g a.i./ha applied at 10-12 DAT for effective control of weeds in transplanted rice.
-  Post emergence application of Ricestar 6.7 EC (fenoxaprop) at 67.0 g a.i. / ha applied at 20-25 DAT for effective control of Leptochloa and Ischaemum weeds in transplanted rice.
-  Post emergence application of Ricestar 6.7 EC (fenoxaprop) at 67.0 g a.i. / ha applied at 20 DAS  for effective control of Leptochloa , Dactyloctenium, Eragrostis, Digitaria and Echinochloa weeds in direct seeded rice.
-  Post-emergence  application  of  sulfosulfuron  25  g,  metsulfuron    5  g,  sulfosulfuron  + metsulfuron 30  g,  pinoxaden  50  g,  mesosulfuron  +  iodosulfuron  14.4  g  and  carfentrazoneethyl 20 g /ha, based on weed flora in the field, at 30-35 days after sowing wheat in autumn sugarcane-wheat intercropping system effective for control of annual weeds.

## Post-Harvest Technologies

-  For advance marketing of summer crop, Baramasilemon  can be degreened in 6-7 days at room temperature by dipping in 1250 ppm ethephon solution for 5 minutes.
-  Mango fruits of Dusehri and Langra packed in CFB boxes with paper lining can be ripened at 25 o C, five and four days after harvesting, respectively
-  Punjab soft pear fruits dipped in calcium chloride (2%) for five minutes can be stored for 60 days at 0-1 o C and  90-95% RH.
-  Packaging  of  bell  pepper  fruits  in  paper  moulded  trays  followed  by  wrapping  with  heat shrinkable film or cling film seems to hold promise in improving shelf life and maintaining the  quality  and  enhancing  the  consumer  appeal  under  super  market  and  ordinary  market

conditions  for  10  and  7  days  respectively  as  against  5  and  2  days  in  case  of  control (unpacked).

-  Winter season tomatoes, free from bruises and diseases, packed in plastic crates lined with newspaper  can  be  ripened  in  7-10  days  in  ventilated  polyhouse  conditions  or  ripening chamber (20 o C temperature and 85-90 % RH). The fruit attains uniform colour and quality during ripening.

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