opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 2107 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: A.P. Shah Committee on MAT
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: JANARDAN MISHRA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF FINANCE

## DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 2107

TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE 29 th   JULY, 2016

7, SRAVANA, 1938 (SAKA)

## A.P. SHAH COMMITTEE ON MAT

## 2107. SHRI JANARDAN MISHRA:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has accepted the recommendations of A.P. Shah Committee on Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT);
- (b) the objectives of these recommendations thereof;
- (c) the effect of these decisions on foreign investors; and
- (d) the benefits likely to accrue on the economy of the country?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

- (a) The Government has accepted the recommendation of the Committee (b) Objective  of  this  recommendations  was  to  examine  the  issue  of  applicability  of Minimum  Alternate  Tax  (MAT)  on  Foreign  Institutional  Investors  (FII)/Foreign  Portfolio Investors  (FPIs)  for  the  period  prior  to  01.04.2015.In  line  with  the  recommendation  of  the committee, Finance Act, 2016 has amended Income-tax Act, 1961 with retrospective effect from 01.04.2001 to clarify that MAT will not be applicable to foreign companies not having a place of business/permanent establishment in India. to(d)  This will bring clarity and certainty on the issue of applicability of MAT to foreign

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

- (c) companies.
Lok Sabha Question No. 2105 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: PG Dental Students
Ministry: HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Asked by: RAMACHANDRAN MULLAPPALLY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTION NO. 2105 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29 TH JULY, 2016

## PG DENTAL STUDENTS

## 2105. SHRI MULLAPPALLY RAMACHANDRAN:

Will the Minister of HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has set any guidelines for grant of stipends to Post Graduate Dental Students in the Government dental medical colleges;
- (b) if so, the details thereof alongwi ththe number of such students getting s ipends, college and State/UT - wise;
- (c) whether students of private dental colleges are also eligible for the same; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (SHRI FAGGA N SINGH KULASTE)

- (a)  to (d):The Revised MDS Course (4 th Amendment) Regulations, 2016 allowing grant of stipends  to  Post  Graduate  Dental  Students  in  the  Dental  colleges  including  private colleges  has  been  notified  vide  Gazette  Notification  dated  10.06.2016.    The  inform regarding the number of Post G raduate Dental students getting such stipends is not maintaine centrally.

…………….
Lok Sabha Question No. 2103 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Minimum Pay and Fitment Formula
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: RAKESH SINGH

Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Expenditure

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2103

TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE JULY, 2016 SHRAVANA 7, 1938 (SAKA) 29th

## MINIMUM PAY AND FITMENT FORMULA

## QUESTION

## 2103. SHRI RAKESH SINGH:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (b) whether the Government has taken the cognizance of the prevailing resentment among Central Government employees regarding minimum pay and fitment formula; if so, the details thereof;
- (a) the details of concept of minimum pay and fitment formula;
- (c) whether the Government has talked to employees associations in this regard;
- (e) if so, the details thereof?
- (d) whether the Government has taken any decision in this regard; and

## ANSWER

## (SHRI ARJUN RAMMEGHWALL

- (a) The minimum pay is the lowest pay admissible to the lowest rung of Central Government employees. The Seventh Central Commission has recommended, as accepted by the Government; for the minimum pay of Rs: 18,000 pm in place of the pre-revised minimum pay of Rs.7,000 pm keeping in view all relevant factors. The fitment factor is the multiple for fixing the revised pay in the revised Matrix: The fitment factor, as recommended by the 7lh Central Commission and as accepted by the Government is the multiple of 2.57 . Pay Pay Pay
- (b) to (e): The National Joint Council of Action, which represents the Staff Side of the Joint Consultative Machinery submitted a Charter of Demands, including on the issues of minimum pay and fitment factor. Considering that the recommendations of the Central Commission on these issues are based on its detailed analysis of the relevant factors , the Government has accepted the same. 7th Pay
Lok Sabha Question No. 2100 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Foreign Exchange Reserve
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY

- (a) the foreign exchange reserve available with the Government during each of the last three years and the current year; and
- (b) the steps taken to boost foreign exchange reserve in near future?

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)

- (a) The details of India's foreign exchange reserves (FER) during each of the last three years and current year are given below:
- (b)  The  level  of  foreign  exchange  reserves  particularly  foreign  currency  assets  is largely the outcome of Reserve Bank of India's intervention in the foreign exchange market to stabilise the rupee value. The Government and the RBI do not target any level  of  foreign  exchange  reserves.  The  lower  trade  and  current  account  deficits (CAD) also contributed to increase in foreign exchange reserves in 2013-14, 201415 and 2015-16.

| Date (As on)   |   FER (US$ billion) |
|----------------|---------------------|
| 31.03.2014     |               304.2 |
| 31.03.2015     |               341.6 |
| 31.03.2016     |               360.2 |
| 15.07.2016     |               363.4 |

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2099 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Public Access for Darshan of Akshay Vat
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2099

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 29 TH  JULY, 2016

## PUBLIC  ACCESS  FOR  DARSHAN  OF  AKSHAY  VAT

2099.  SHRI  SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA:

Will the Minister of DEFENCE j{kk ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has received representations from public representatives to allow free access to public / pilgrims inside the Ordnance Depot of the Allahabad fort for darshan of Akshay Vat;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the action taken by the Government thereon?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF DEFENCE                                      (SHRI MANOHAR PARRIKAR)

j{kk ea=h

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(a) & (b): Yes,  Madam.    In  recent  past,  representations  have  been received  from  public  representatives  Shri  Shyama  Charan  Gupta  and Shri Keshav Prasad Maurya.

- (c) References received from Hon'ble MPs have been replied intimating that 'Akshay Vat Dham Mandir' located in Patalpuri temple in Fort  premises  is  open  to  public.    However,  free  access  to  public  / pilgrims in other 'Akshay Vat Mandir' located inside the Ordnance Depot Fort premises is not allowed due to security reasons.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 2098 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Channel Frequency
Ministry: INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING
Asked by: DHARAM VIRA GANDHI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF INFORMATION & BROADCASTING

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 2098 (TO BE ANSWERED ON 29.07.2016)

## CHANNEL FREQUENCY 2098.  SHRI DHARAM VIRA: Will the Minister of INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING be pleased to state:

(a)    whether the Government has reduced the channel frequency spacing to 400 KHz and introduced additional players into the market;

(b)    if so, the details thereof;

(c)    whether  the  Government  has  taken  steps  to  strengthen  infrastructure  in Chennai, Hyderabad and Delhi for implementation of the said frequency; and

(d)    if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING {COL RAJYAVARDHAN RATHORE (Retd.)}

(a) to (d) No Sir. Does not arise.

- ******
Lok Sabha Question No. 2097 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Virus in Cerival Cells
Ministry: HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Asked by: PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTION NO. 2097 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29 TH JULY, 2016

## VIRUS IN CERIVAL CEL LS

## 2097. SHRI PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL:

Will the Minister of HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has formulated any scheme to bring down the HPV DNA test to detect the presence of oncogenic strain of virus in cerival cells, if so, the details thereof; and
- (b) whether the Cent ral Drug Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) is working to provide an optimum cervical cancer screening alternative at the lower rates, if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (SHRI FAGGA N SINGH KULASTE)

- (a): HPV DNA Test has not been approved for detecting presence of oncogenic strain of vir by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
- (b): No such proposal is being considered by Central Drugs Standard Control Organisati (CDSCO).

………………..
Lok Sabha Question No. 2096 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Yoga for Cancer Patients
Ministry: AYURVEDA,YOGA & NATUROPATHY,UNANI,SIDDHA AND HOMEOPATHY (AYUSH)
Asked by: M. UDHAYAKUMAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH)

LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2096 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29 TH JULY, 2016

## YOGA FOR CANCER PATI ENTS

## 2096. ADV. M.UDHAYAKUMAR:

Will the Minister of AYURVEDA,YOGA AND NATUROPATHY, UNANI,SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH) be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is con idering to validate the application of Yoga in improving quality of life in cancer patients;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) w hether the Government is also considering research proposals from many cancer institutes for the same;
- (d) if so, the details of the proposals received from such institutions in this regard; and
- (e) the response of the Government thereon?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE (IC) OF THE MINISTRY OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (SHRI SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK)

- (a)& (b): The  Central  Council  for  Research  in  Yoga  and  Naturopathy  (CCRYN),  an autonomous organization under Ministry of AY USH had considered and taken up two research projects  in  collaboration  with  Swami  Vivekananda  Yoga  Research  Foundation,  Bangalore  o application of Yoga in improving quality of life in cancer patients. The details of the p itsfindings are as u nder:
- (i)  Integrated approach of Yoga Therapy in the Management of cancer: The study show better coping response; decreased distress, reduced side effects; increased natural k counts, increased pain threshold etc..
- (ii)  Effect of integrated approach of yoga therapy for metastatic breast cancer patients an study of DNA repair mechanisms relevant to cancer: The study showed significant decre in anxiety, depression, perceived stress, pain, insomnia fatigue. It also showed impr in nat ural cell killer counts and early morning cortisol level.
- (c): Ministry of AYUSH has invited project proposals from both public and private resea institutes under its Extra Mural Research(EMR) scheme for specific diseases including  Can
- (d)  &( e): Five  research  project  proposals  on  cancer      have  been  received  from  as  ma institutes.  Preliminary evaluation of the project proposals have been initiated.

………………
Lok Sabha Question No. 2095 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Drug Testing Lab
Ministry: HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Asked by: SISIR KUMAR ADHIKARI, B. SREERAMULU

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTION NO. 2095 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29 TH JULY, 2016

## DRUG TESTING LAB

## 2095. SHRI SISIR KUMAR ADHIKARI: SHRI B. SRIRAMU LU:

Will the Minister of HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government proposes to revamp and establish new drug testing laboratory across the country;
- (b) if so, the details thereof, State/UT - wise along with the funds allocated during the last three years and the current year; and
- (c) the further steps taken/being taken by the Government to revamp the drug testing laboratories?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (SHRI FAGGEN SINGH KULASTE)

- (a): The Government has approved a proposal for strengthening of drug regulatory system the Country, both at the Central and State levels at a cost of Rs.1750 crore. Out of thi crore is for strengthening of Central regulatory struc tures while Rs. 850 crore has been approved as  the  Central  Government's  contribution  for  upgrading  and  strengthening  the  States'  Drug Regulatory  System.  One  of  the  major  components  of  the  Scheme  is  to  enhance  the  test capacity  of  laboratories,  both  at  t he  Central  and  State  level,  in  terms  of  infrastructure  a manpower as well as establishment of new laboratories.
- (b): As this is a new scheme, proposals have been asked for from the States. Proposals h far been received from 19 States, others ar e b ing eminded. No funds have so far been allotted to States.
- (c): All  the  existing  drug  testing  laboratories  under  Central  Drugs  Standard  Co Organisation (CDSCO) have been provided with new equipment and have since been accredite by National Ac creditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL).

…………….
Lok Sabha Question No. 2091 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Apache and Chinook Helicopters
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: RAGHAV LAKHANPAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2091

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 29 TH  JULY, 2016

## APACHE AND CHINOOK HELICOPTERS

2091.  SHRI  RAGHAV  LAKHANPAL:

Will the Minister of DEFENCE j{kk ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  finalized  its  order  with  Boeing  for  production, training and support of Apache and Chinook Helicopters;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the  time by which Apache attack helicopters and Chinook heavy lift helicopters are likely to be delivered to India along with the cost of the acquisition?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF DEFENCE                                      (SHRI MANOHAR PARRIKAR)

j{kk ea=h

¼Jh euksgj ijhZdj½

(a) to (c): The  Contract  for  Apache  Attack  Helicopters  has  been  signed with  US  Government  and  Boeing  on  28 th September,  2015  at  a  cost  of Rs.13,951.57 Crore.  The contract for  Chinook Heavy Lift Helicopters  has been  signed  on  28 th September,  2015  with  Boeing,  USA  at  a  cost  of Rs.8047.85 Crore.

The  delivery  of  Apache  helicopters  will  commence  from  July,  2019 and will be completed by March, 2020.  The delivery of Chinook helicopters will start from March, 2019 and will be completed by March, 2020.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 2088 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Bank Bonds to Electricity Boards
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: ELUMALAI VELLAIGOUNDER

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2088

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 29 th  July, 2016/ Shravana 7, 1938 (SAKA)

## Bank Bonds to Electricity Boards QUESTION

## 2088. SHRI V. ELUMALAI:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state: (a) whether  the  Reserve  Bank  of  India  (RBI)  has  provided  some  relief  to  banks holding bonds of debt ridden State Electricity Boards that were issued to them as part of the cleaning up exercise of these power utilities; (b) if so, the details thereof; (c) whether the banks have been allowed to keep Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) scheme bonds under the held-to-maturity category; and

- (d)     if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## The Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a) to (d):   Reserve Bank of India has, vide its letter dated March 17, 2016 captioned 'UDAY  (Ujwal  Discom  Assurance  Yojana)  Scheme  for  Operational  and  Financial Turnaround  of  Power  Distribution  Companies  (Discoms)'  advised  banks  that  the bonds  issued  under  the  scheme  will  be  allowed  to  be  classified  under  held  to maturity (HTM) category.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 2087 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Children's Film
Ministry: INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING
Asked by: BALASUBRAMANIAM SENGUTTUVAN

## GOVERNMENT  OF INDIA MINISTRY  OF INFORMATION  & BROADCASTING

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTTON NO. 2087 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29.07.2fJ16

CHILDREN'S  FILM

2087: SHRI B. SENGUTTUVAN

Will the Minister of INFORMATION  AND BROADCASTING

be oleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is aware that the children's  film jungle  book has been issued U/A certificate by the Censor Board; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons  for issue of U/A certification for a children's film?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BRoADCASTING  [cOL RAIYAVARDHAN RATHORE  ( Retd.)  ]  :

(a) & (b): Central  Board  of Film Certification (CBFC)  certifies  films for  pubtic exhibition in  accordance with Cinematograph Act, 1952, Cinematograph (Ceftification)  Rules, 1983 and guidelines issued thereunder. CBFC issues certificates under the categories'U', 'UA', 'A' or'S' as applicable  in accordance with Section 5A of the Cinematograph Act. The film "Jungle Book" (3D) (English) was examined by CBFC in accordance  with the provisions of the Act & Rules.  The film was judged  in its entirety  from the viewpoint of its overall impact.  The film was in 3D technology and hence it was felt by the Examining  Committee that some of the visuals and sound effects could be scary for children  below 12 years. Therefore,  the film was recommended for "UA" certificate,  i.e. universal  viewing with parental  guidance for children  below 12 years. Similar  grading was given for this film, i.e. "Parental Guidance" in countries like Australia, Canada, USA, UK, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, Philippines.
Lok Sabha Question No. 2085 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Service Related Cases of Defence Personnel
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: MAJ. GEN. (RETD) BHUWAN CHANDRA KHANDURI AVSM

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2085

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 29 TH  JULY, 2016

## SERVICE RELATED CASES OF DEFENCE PERSONNEL

2085.  MAJ. GEN. B.C. KHANDURI AVSM (Retd.):

j{kk ea=h

Will the Minister of DEFENCE be pleased to state:

- (a) the number of service related cases of defence personnel lying pending in various High Courts, Armed Forces Tribunals (AFTs) and the Supreme Court as on January 31, 2016;
- (b) the  number  of  cases  in  which  the  Government  has  moved  High  Courts  or  the Supreme Court against the verdict of the Armed Forces Tribunal, year-wise;
- (c) the number of cases in which the High Courts or the Supreme Court have declined to interfere in the decisions given by the AFTs;
- (d) whether the Government has since decided to make any alternate arrangement to dispose of these cases expeditiously; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof and the time by which the new arrangement to dispose the cases expeditiously is likely to come in force?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF DEFENCE                                      (SHRI MANOHAR PARRIKAR)

j{kk ea=h

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## (a) Information is as follows:

| Court         |   No. of Cases |
|---------------|----------------|
| AFT           |           8678 |
| High Court    |           3920 |
| Supreme Court |            597 |
| Total:        |          13193 |

:  2  :

- (b) Information is as follows:

|   Year |   No. of Cases |
|--------|----------------|
|   2014 |            994 |
|   2015 |            333 |

(c)

|   Year |   No. of Cases |
|--------|----------------|
|   2014 |            949 |
|   2015 |            446 |

(d) As  per  the  existing  mechanism,  chairperson,  AFT  is  empowered under Rule 3 of the AFT (Financial & Administrative Powers) Rules, 2008 to hold its sitting in circuit  benches  wherever necessary  as an alternative arrangement in any place.  In addition to this, new Benches are being set up wherever necessary. New bench of AFT at Jabalpur has been notified with effect from 09.05.2016 which shall have jurisdiction within Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.    Further,  a  regional  bench  of  AFT,  Srinagar  is  being  notified

*******

(e) soon in due course.
Lok Sabha Question No. 2083 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-07-29
Subject: Growth Rate of Economy
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: SAKSHI SWAMI MAHARAJ

- (a) the growth rate of the Indian economy during the first half of 2016-17;
- (b) the growth rate of the economy in comparison to the growth rate achieved during the same time period in 2015-16; and
- (c) the details of the measures taken to augment the economic growth?

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)

(a)  and  (b):  The  Central  Statistics  Office  has  not,  so  far,  made  any  estimate  of  the growth rate of the Indian economy for the first half of 2016-17. The growth rate of the economy, measured by the growth in Gross Domestic Product at constant (2011-12) market prices, for the first half (April-September) of 2015-16 was 7.5 per cent.

(c):  Undertaking measures to promote economic growth is high on the agenda of the Government.  The Government of India has taken various initiatives to boost the growth of  the  economy  which, inter  alia ,  include;  fillip  to  manufacturing  and  infrastructure through fiscal incentives and concrete measures for transport, power, and other urban and rural infrastructure; substantive reforms and liberalization of foreign direct investment in major sectors; measures to debottleneck the supply of key raw materials; Skill  India  and  Digital  India  initiatives;  and,  'Make  in  India'  initiative  along  with  the attendant facilitatory measures for a more conducive environment for investment. The other  measures  like:  the  new  insolvency  and  bankruptcy  related  legislation;  Start-up India Initiative to boost entrepreneurship and creation of jobs; 'Stand Up India Scheme' to  promote  entrepreneurship  among  SC/ST  and  women  entrepreneurs;  boost  to agricultural sector with focus on micro irrigation, watershed development, soil conservation and credit; and, various measures to improve clarity and transparency in economic policy-making are also likely to promote growth.

******