Lok Sabha Question No. 1523 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-02-09
Subject: Implementation of Four Labour Codes
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Shri Karan Bhushan Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1523

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 09.02.2026

## IMPLEMENTATION OF FOUR LABOUR CODES

1523. SHRI KARAN BHUSHAN SINGH:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)  the  details  of  safeguards  provided  under  the  Labour  Codes  to prevent exploitation of women and young workers engaged in the gig  and  platform  economy  including  details  of  social  security coverage, safety provisions and grievance redressal mechanisms;
- (b) the manner in which the Government proposes to ensure effective implementation  of  the  national  floor  wage  under  the  Code  on Wages in Uttar Pradesh in view of significant rural-urban and interregional variations in the cost of living within the State;
- (c)  the  details  of  the  number  of  two-member  Industrial  Tribunals established  and  made  functional  in  Uttar  Pradesh  under  the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 till date; and
- (d) the details of the financial, technical and digital support extended by  the  Union  Government  to  the  State  Government  of  Uttar Pradesh for effective implementation of the Four Labour Codes, particularly in labour-intensive districts of the State?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)

(a): The  Code  on  Social  Security,  2020  has  come  into  force  on 21.11.2025 with the objective to consolidate and simplify the existing social  security  laws  into  a  single  framework  and  to  extend  social security coverage to all workers, including organized, unorganized, gig,  platform,  and  self-employed  workers,  by  ensuring  universal access to social security benefits, promoting portability of benefits across  employments  and  States,  enabling  the  Central  and  State Governments to frame appropriate schemes, leveraging technology for efficient delivery, and clearly defining the roles of governments, employers, and aggregators in order to provide comprehensive social protection  to  the  workforce  in  line  with  evolving  labour  market conditions.

For the first time, the definition of 'gig workers' and 'platform workers' and provisions related to the same have been provided in the Code on Social Security, 2020.

The  Code  provides  for  framing  of  suitable  social  security measures for gig workers and platform workers on matters relating to life and disability cover, accident insurance, health and maternity benefits, old age protection, etc. The Code also provides for setting up  of  a  Social  Security  Fund  for  financing  of  social  security  and welfare schemes for gig and platform workers.

The Code has provisions for setting up a toll-free call centre, or helpline  or  facilitation  centres  for  unorganised,  gig,  and  platform workers  by  the  appropriate  Government.  These  facilities  are  to disseminate  information  on available social  security  schemes, facilitate filing, processing and forwarding of application forms for registration, assist to obtain registration and facilitate the enrolment of  the  registered  unorganized  workers,  gig  workers  and  platform workers in the social security schemes.

(b): Under  the  provisions  of  the  Minimum  Wages  Act  1948,  the Central  Government  and  the  State  Governments,  as  appropriate Government,  fix,  review  and  revise  the  minimum  wages  of  the employees  employed  in  the  Scheduled  employments  under  their respective jurisdictions. Further, in order to take care of the rising prices,  the  Central  Government  revises  the  Variable  Dearness Allowance  (V.D.A)  on  basic  rates  of  minimum  wages  every  six months, effective from 1st April and 1st October of every year on the basis of Consumer Price Index for Industrial workers. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 has been subsumed in the Code on Wages, 2019 and the Code has been enforced on 21.11.2025.

The minimum wage rates are determined and revised according to the specific needs and economic conditions of each region, which results in variations across different States and sectors.

The Code on Wages, 2019 makes the floor wage as a statutory provision. Section 9 of the Code on Wages, 2019 provides for fixing of floor wage by the Central Government. Further, the Code stipulates that the minimum  rates of wages fixed by the appropriate Governments shall not be less than the floor wage.

(c): The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 has provided the appropriate Government to constitute Industrial Tribunals for adjudication of industrial disputes and related functions. For State Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and State-controlled establishments, the State Government is the appropriate Government.

(d): In order to ensure simplification of formats, ease of compliance, transparency  in  inspections  and  speedy  redressal  of  grievances, Ministry of Labour & Employment has developed two web portals viz., Shram Suvidha Portal (SSP) for online registration of units, reporting of  inspections,  submission  of  annual  returns  and  redressal  of grievances and Samadhan Portal for redressal of grievances. With reference to Information Technology (IT) preparedness of States and Union Territories (UTs), due deliberations have been held across all States and UTs including Uttar Pradesh for effective implementation of Labour Codes. These include options for the States/UTs to either fully onboard on the SSP and Samadhan Portal or integration through State  Portals  with  Application  Programming  Interface  (API).  The above integration framework is intended to ensure uniform national implementation  of  the  Labour  Codes  and  seamless  Centre-State coordination.

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