Lok Sabha Question No. 3111 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-03-11
Subject: Zoonotic Diseases
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Smt. Manju Sharma

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3111 ANSWERED ON 11.03.2026

## Zoonotic Diseases

## 3111. Smt. Manju Sharma:

## Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the onset of zoonotic diseases has suddenly increased in the country during the last few years;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor;
- (c) whether the new diseases affecting humans are primarily originating from zoonotic diseases or the animal products;
- (d) if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) the department-wise details of the efforts being made by the Government for the development of vaccines in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY & EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- a), b), c) and d). The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India has launched Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP), to enhance early warning and prompt response

to disease outbreaks across the country. Some of the common zoonotic diseases reported under IDSP are Scrub typhus, Leptospirosis, Human Rabies, Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), Nipah Virus Disease, and West Nile Fever.

The year wise details of KFD, Leptospirosis and Scrub Typhus cases reported by the States/UTs on  L-  form  under  IDSP-IHIP(Integrated  Disease  Surveillance  Program  -  Integrated  Health Information Platform) is annexed as Annexure-I .

State/UTs  wise  details  of  cases  reported  during  outbreaks  of  West  Nile  Fever,  Nipah  Virus Disease, CCHF and Human Rabies since 2022 is annexed as Annexure-II .

Possible reasons for increase (if any) in animal- borne diseases in the country may be because of enhanced capacity building, better trained health workers, strengthened diagnostic facilities, and expanded  awareness  campaigns  that  have  led  to  better  detection  and  reporting  of  cases. Additionally, factors such as the expanding human-wildlife interfaces, rapid urbanization, and climate variability continue to drive these increasing trends.

## e). The details of the efforts being made by the Government, for the development of vaccines in this regard is given below.

| Department/Ministry                                           | Initiatives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology | 1. BRIC-Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram is exploring the potency of the innate immune response to limit rabies virus and alongside exploring strategies to target rabies virus both from a vaccine angle and also from a therapeutic point. 2. BRIC-RGCB is also working on advanced multi-antigenic DNA and circular RNA (circRNA)-based vaccines for dengue and Zika viruses. 3. BRIC- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (BRIC-THSTI) and BRIC- RGCB are jointly working on Monoclonal Antibodies Against Nipah Virus and have filed provisional patent in India (Application No.: 202411037094 filed on |

|                                                                                 | May 10, 2024) and Bangladesh (Application No. 167/2025 12 May, 2025). 4. The BRIC-National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), is advancing the development of two next-generation, fully indigenous vaccine candidates for Japanese encephalitis and dengue. 5. The BRIC-National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII) is also working with EU research groups in a collaboration to develop two next-generation influenza vaccines: (i). Computationally optimised broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) vaccine, and (ii). Antigen- presenting cell targeting DNA (APC-mix) vaccine. These universal next-generation vaccines will be able to provide protection to humans from any emerging strains of the influenza virus, including strains emerging from pigs or birds. 6. BRIC-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (BRIC-NIAB) is carrying out research towards the identification of potential vaccine candidates against animal-borne diseases such as brucellosis,leptospirosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and rabies, primarily for use in animals. 7. BRIC-National Centre for Cell Science (BRIC-NCCS) along with IISER Bhopal has been working on Nipah vaccine candidate and testing its efficacy in murine models. Additionally they have also generated chimeric antibodies against Nipah proteins for diagnostic application   |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology | The CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB) is working on highly pathogenic avian influenza. While these viruses cause high mortality in poultry and pose a zoonotic risk to humans, there have been no human outbreaks or spikes in cases reported over the past year.To strengthen public health preparedness, the institute                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |

| has established standardized environmental surveillance protocols for detecting the virus in wastewater, lakes, poultry farm perimeters, and migratory bird habitats. These sustainable monitoring frameworks are designed to provide early warnings to government authorities, enabling proactive measures to prevent large-scale outbreaks.   |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

In addition to these efforts, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) facilitates innovation-driven research through Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), its non-profit Public Sector Enterprise. BIRAC provides critical funding for healthcare R&D, with a specific focus on animal-borne disease vaccines via the following mechanisms:

Biotechnology  Ignition  Grant  (BIG):  This  program  funds  diverse  biotechnology  projects, including those focused on pathogens of animal origin.

List of BIG-supported projects related to vaccine development for animal-borne disease:

|   S. No. | Start-up / Grantee Name                                        | Project Title                                                                                               |
|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|        1 | GenironBiolabs Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India    | Bicistronic self-replicating DNA vaccine for rabies and immunocontraception in stray dogs                   |
|        2 | Pentavalent Bio Sciences Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka | PentaFluVac: An indigenous replication- incompetent viral vaccine for avian, swine and human influenza      |
|        3 | Amaterasu Lifesciences LLP, Mumbai, Maharashtra                | Innovative single dose injection therapy for treatment of malaria- SiDMI Single Dose Anti-Malaria Injection |
|        4 | Dr. Swetha Raghavan, Bengaluru, Karnataka                      | Development of an mRNA-LNP based vaccine against Dengue                                                     |
|        5 | Muffin Health and Lifestyle Private Limited, Chandigarh        | Chemo attenuated Blood Stage Malaria Vaccine                                                                |

| 6   | Mr. Arun Sankaradoss, Bengaluru, Karnataka   | Novel AdjuvantedNanoplasmid based DNA vaccine development for dengue viruses: Opportunities to expand the platform for emerging infectious diseases and one health   |
|-----|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

IND-Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)Tasked with developing vaccines for  emerging  infectious  diseases  (EIDs),  Ind-CEPI  operates  in  alignment  with  global  CEPI priorities.  Under  a  tripartite  Engagement  Strategy  formalized  in  September  2025,  the  DBT, BIRAC, and CEPI have established a five-year cooperative framework to bolster India's vaccine development competencies against potential outbreaks.

## Annexure-I

| Cases of Selected Zoonotic diseases reported in India during 2022-2026* on the IDSP- IHIP portal, based on L form.   | Cases of Selected Zoonotic diseases reported in India during 2022-2026* on the IDSP- IHIP portal, based on L form.   | Cases of Selected Zoonotic diseases reported in India during 2022-2026* on the IDSP- IHIP portal, based on L form.   | Cases of Selected Zoonotic diseases reported in India during 2022-2026* on the IDSP- IHIP portal, based on L form.   |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Year                                                                                                                 | Kyasanur Forest Disease                                                                                              | Leptospirosis                                                                                                        | Scrub Typhus                                                                                                         |
| Year                                                                                                                 | Cases                                                                                                                | Cases                                                                                                                | Cases                                                                                                                |
| 2022                                                                                                                 | 54                                                                                                                   | 10191                                                                                                                | 32364                                                                                                                |
| 2023                                                                                                                 | 23                                                                                                                   | 14217                                                                                                                | 55077                                                                                                                |
| 2024                                                                                                                 | 373                                                                                                                  | 18997                                                                                                                | 70366                                                                                                                |
| 2025                                                                                                                 | 197                                                                                                                  | 19073                                                                                                                | 86895                                                                                                                |
| 2026*                                                                                                                | 80                                                                                                                   | 2306                                                                                                                 | 10861                                                                                                                |
| Grand Total                                                                                                          | 727                                                                                                                  | 64784                                                                                                                | 255563                                                                                                               |
| Data extraction from IDSP -IHIP portal as on date 06/03/2026 at 3:25 PM *For Year 2025, till 6th Mar 2026.           | Data extraction from IDSP -IHIP portal as on date 06/03/2026 at 3:25 PM *For Year 2025, till 6th Mar 2026.           | Data extraction from IDSP -IHIP portal as on date 06/03/2026 at 3:25 PM *For Year 2025, till 6th Mar 2026.           | Data extraction from IDSP -IHIP portal as on date 06/03/2026 at 3:25 PM *For Year 2025, till 6th Mar 2026.           |

## Annexure-II

| Name of Disease     | State/UT          | 2022   | 2023   | 2024   | 2025   | 2026*   |
|---------------------|-------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|---------|
| West Nile Fever     | Kerala            | 2      | 9      | 5      | 6      | -       |
| Nipah Virus Disease | Kerala            | -      | 6      | 2      | 4      | -       |
| Nipah Virus Disease | West Bengal       | -      | -      | -      | -      | 2       |
| CCHF                | Gujarat           | 4      | 6      | -      | 3      | 2       |
| CCHF                | Rajasthan         | -      | -      | 1      | -      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Arunachal Pradesh | -      | 2      | 4      | 3      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Assam             | 1      | 12     | 14     | 6      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Jammu &Kashmir    | -      | 1      | 3      | 6      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Jharkhand         | -      | -      | 2      | -      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Karnataka         | 10     | 21     | 5      | -      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Madhya Pradesh    | -      | -      | 1      | 7      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Maharashtra       | -      | -      | 1      | 1      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Manipur           | -      | -      | 4      | 3      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Meghalaya         | -      | 9      | 13     | 10     | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Nagaland          | -      | -      | 1      | 4      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Tamil Nadu        | -      | -      | 2      | 1      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | Uttar Pradesh     | -      | -      | -      | 3      | -       |
| Human Rabies        | West Bengal       | -      | -      | -      | 1      | -       |

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