Lok Sabha Question No. 1542 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-12-09
Subject: Special Economic Zones
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: Shri Bastipati Nagaraju, Shri B K Parthasarathi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1542 ANSWERED ON 09/12/2025

## SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

## 1542.  SHRI BASTIPATI NAGARAJU: SHRI B K PARTHASARATHI:

Will  the  Minister  of COMMERCE  AND  INDUSTRY ( वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री ) be pleased to state:

- (a) the  details  regarding  the  exports,  investment  and  employment  generated  by SEZs in the country during the last five years, year and location-wise;
- (b) the list of operational SEZ units currently, and those exited or closed in the last five years;
- (c) whether the Government has taken any measures to support SEZs in light of challenges posed by US tariff pressure;
- (d) if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) the  details  regarding  the  policy  being  considered  such  as  'reverse  job  work that would allow SEZ units to serve the domestic market?

## ANSWER

वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्रालय में राज्यमंत्री ( श्री णिणिन प्रसाद )

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

(SHRI JITIN PRASADA)

- (a):  The  details  of  Exports,  Investment  and  Employment  generated  by  the  Special Economic  Zones  (SEZs)  in  the  country  during  the  last  five  years,  year-wise  and Zone-wise are at Annexure-I.
- (b):  The  Zone-wise  number  of  operational  units  as  on  01.12.2025  and  number of closed units in the last five years are at Annexure-II .
- (c) & (d): The Government continues to work to mitigate the impact of the US tariff measures on Indian exports, including exports from SEZs, through a comprehensive multi-pronged strategy encompassing intensive engagement with the US Government for a mutually beneficial India-US Bilateral Trade Agreement, immediate relief through trade relief measures of RBI, Credit Guarantee Scheme for Exporters, enhancement  of  domestic  demand  through  next  generation  GST  reforms,  Export Promotion  measures  such  as  the  new  Export  Promotion  Mission  which  provide support  and  assistance  to  our  exporters,  pursuing  Free  Trade  Agreements  (FTAs) with new partner countries and better utilization of the existing FTAs.

Details of some of the aforementioned measures are as follows:

## 1.         Export Promotion Mission

The  Mission  will  provide  a  comprehensive,  flexible,  and  digitally  driven framework for export promotion, with a total outlay of Rs.25,060 crore for FY 202526 to FY 2030-31. EPM marks a strategic shift from multiple fragmented schemes to a single, outcome-based, and adaptive mechanism that can respond swiftly to global trade challenges and evolving exporter needs.

The Mission will operate through two integrated sub-schemes:

(i) NIRYAT PROTSAHAN - focuses on improving access to affordable trade finance for  MSMEs  through  a  range  of  instruments  such  as  interest  subvention,  export factoring,  collateral  guarantees,  credit  cards  for  e-commerce  exporters,  and  credit enhancement support for diversification into new markets.

(ii)  NIRYAT  DISHA  -  focuses  on  non-financial  enablers  that  enhance  market readiness  and  competitiveness,  including  export  quality  and  compliance  support, assistance  for  international  branding,  packaging,  and  participation  in  trade  fairs, export warehousing  and  logistics, inland  transport  reimbursements,  and  trade intelligence and capacity-building initiatives.

The  Mission  is  designed  to  directly  address  structural  challenges  that  constrain Indian exports, including:

- limited and expensive trade finance access,
- high cost of compliance with international export standards,
- inadequate export branding and fragmented market access, and
- logistical disadvantages for exporters in interior and low-export-intensity regions.

Under EPM, priority support will be extended to sectors impacted by recent global tariff escalations, such as textiles, leather, gems & jewellery, engineering goods, and marine products. The interventions will help sustain export orders, protect jobs, and support diversification into new geographies.

2.  Credit  Guarantee  Scheme  for  Exporters has  also  been  approved  to  provide 100%  credit  guarantee  coverage  by  National  Credit  Guarantee  Trustee  Company Limited  (NCGTC)  to  Member  Lending  Institutions  (MLIs)  for  extending  additional collateral  free  credit  facilities  up  to  Rs.20,000  crore  to  eligible  exporters,  including MSMEs. The Scheme is expected to enhance the global competitiveness of Indian exporters  and  support  diversification  into  new  and  emerging  markets.  Enabling collateral-free credit  access will strengthen liquidity, ensure smooth  business operations, and reinforce India's progress towards achieving the USD 1 trillion export target.

3. Trade Relief Measures :The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has also initiated trade relief measures for eligible affected exporters including provision for debt repayment moratorium and extension of tenor for export credit.

4. Leveraging  Free  Trade  Agreements :-  The  Government  aims  for  promotion  of Export  Diversification  and  has  signed  15  Free  Trade  Agreements  (FTAs)  and  6 Preferential  Trade  Agreements  (PTAs)  with  its  trading  partners.  Government  is working with all stakeholders to enable our exporters to better utilize the benefits of India's  FTAs  with  major  markets  such  as  Japan,  Korea,  UAE  etc.  and  effectively utilize the opportunities that have been created with the recent concluded FTAs such as  with  the  EFTA  countries  and  the  UK.  The  Government  is  also  engaged  in negotiations for early conclusion of mutually beneficial FTAs with the EU, Peru, Chile, New Zealand, Oman etc.

The Government remains engaged with all stakeholders-including exporters, Export Promotion  Councils  (EPCs), industry  associations,  and  state  governments-to assess the evolving impact of the U.S. tariff measures.

(e)  With  a  view  to  ensure  the  effectiveness  of  SEZs  amidst  evolving  global  trade conditions,  the  Government  undertakes  various  measures  from  time  to  time  to remove  operational  challenges  in  SEZs  in  consultation  with  different  stakeholders. Such  measures  including  policy  initiatives  like  permitting  reverse  job  work  and regulatory adjustments are continuous process and introduced in the administration of SEZs as and when needed.

| Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Exports from SEZs during the last 5 years   |
|------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (Rs. in Crore)                                                   | (Rs. in Crore)                                                   | (Rs. in Crore)                                                   | (Rs. in Crore)                                                   | (Rs. in Crore)                                                   | (Rs. in Crore)                                                   | (Rs. in Crore)                                                   |
| Sl. No.                                                          | Name of the Zone                                                 | 2020-21                                                          | 2021-22                                                          | 2022-23                                                          | 2023-24                                                          | 2024-25                                                          |
| 1                                                                | CSEZ, Cochin                                                     | 151389                                                           | 189284                                                           | 240274                                                           | 254726                                                           | 277639                                                           |
| 2                                                                | FSEZ, Falta                                                      | 31725                                                            | 48536                                                            | 50658                                                            | 64475                                                            | 68371                                                            |
| 3                                                                | KASEZ, Kandla                                                    | 137229                                                           | 239190                                                           | 335836                                                           | 310283                                                           | 332892                                                           |
| 4                                                                | MEPZ SEZ, Chennai                                                | 116844                                                           | 136329                                                           | 172580                                                           | 177930                                                           | 203304                                                           |
| 5                                                                | NSEZ, Noida                                                      | 70740                                                            | 80804                                                            | 96649                                                            | 113978                                                           | 128266                                                           |
| 6                                                                | SEEPZ SEZ, Mumbai                                                | 138789                                                           | 160052                                                           | 186787                                                           | 210756                                                           | 224251                                                           |
| 7                                                                | VSEZ, Visakhapatnam                                              | 112808                                                           | 136553                                                           | 180794                                                           | 223071                                                           | 228948                                                           |
| Total                                                            | Total                                                            | 759524                                                           | 990747                                                           | 1263578                                                          | 1355220                                                          | 1463669                                                          |

| Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (Rs. in Crore)                                                    | (Rs. in Crore)                                                    | (Rs. in Crore)                                                    | (Rs. in Crore)                                                    | (Rs. in Crore)                                                    | (Rs. in Crore)                                                    | (Rs. in Crore)                                                    |
| Sl. No.                                                           | Name of the Zone                                                  | 2020- 21                                                          | 2021- 22                                                          | 2022- 23                                                          | 2023- 24                                                          | 2024-25                                                           |
| 1                                                                 | CSEZ 121523                                                       |                                                                   | 123102                                                            | 124634                                                            | 125179                                                            | 126796                                                            |
| 2                                                                 | FSEZ                                                              | 26385                                                             | 27410                                                             | 27410                                                             | 41031                                                             | 44026                                                             |
| 3                                                                 | KASEZ                                                             | 208067                                                            | 219565                                                            | 223398                                                            | 209204                                                            | 265120                                                            |
| 4                                                                 | MEPZ SEZ                                                          | 66157                                                             | 64903                                                             | 54908                                                             | 77439                                                             | 72041                                                             |
| 5                                                                 | NSEZ                                                              | 47368                                                             | 49949                                                             | 54134                                                             | 61430                                                             | 62942                                                             |
| 6                                                                 | SEEPZ SEZ                                                         | 72532                                                             | 75571                                                             | 79718                                                             | 88520                                                             | 90301                                                             |
| 7                                                                 | VSEZ                                                              | 75467                                                             | 89205                                                             | 95983                                                             | 104538                                                            | 120964                                                            |
| Total                                                             | Total                                                             | 617499                                                            | 649705                                                            | 660184                                                            | 707342                                                            | 782192                                                            |

Note: Calculated on cumulative basis .

| Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (In No. of Persons)                                               | (In No. of Persons)                                               | (In No. of Persons)                                               | (In No. of Persons)                                               | (In No. of Persons)                                               | (In No. of Persons)                                               | (In No. of Persons)                                               |
| Sl. No.                                                           | Name of the Zone                                                  | 2020-21                                                           | 2021-22                                                           | 2022-23                                                           | 2023-24                                                           | 2024-25                                                           |
| 1                                                                 | CSEZ                                                              | 454184                                                            | 481220                                                            | 487716                                                            | 513686                                                            | 513821                                                            |
| 2                                                                 | FSEZ                                                              | 81638                                                             | 94245                                                             | 87093                                                             | 99783                                                             | 104503                                                            |
| 3                                                                 | KASEZ                                                             | 96689                                                             | 105922                                                            | 112899                                                            | 126658                                                            | 174545                                                            |
| 4                                                                 | MEPZ SEZ                                                          | 479674                                                            | 523807                                                            | 591517                                                            | 728493                                                            | 607812                                                            |
| 5                                                                 | NSEZ                                                              | 338337                                                            | 385240                                                            | 447129                                                            | 471560                                                            | 526539                                                            |
| 6                                                                 | SEEPZ SEZ                                                         | 474690                                                            | 560052                                                            | 589971                                                            | 635373                                                            | 643898                                                            |
| 7                                                                 | VSEZ                                                              | 432924                                                            | 545694                                                            | 579287                                                            | 618551                                                            | 606775                                                            |
| Total                                                             | Total                                                             | 2358136                                                           | 2696180                                                           | 2895612                                                           | 3194104                                                           | 3177893                                                           |

Note: Calculated on cumulative basis .

## Annexure-II as mentioned in Part (b) in answer to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1542 for 9 th  December, 2025

## Zone-wise number of operational units as on 01.12.2025

| Name of the Zone                                             |   Number of Units |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| Cochin SEZ (CSEZ)                                            |              1227 |
| Falta SEZ (FSEZ)                                             |                98 |
| Kandla SEZ (KASEZ)                                           |              1201 |
| Madras Export Processing Zone SEZ (MEPZ SEZ)                 |               753 |
| Noida SEZ (NSEZ)                                             |               751 |
| Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone SEZ (SEEPZ SEZ) |               704 |
| Visakhapatnam SEZ (VSEZ)                                     |               547 |
| Total                                                        |              5281 |

| Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   | Zone-wise and year-wise number of closed units during the last 5 years   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Financial Year                                                           | CSEZ                                                                     | FSEZ                                                                     | KASEZ                                                                    | MEPZ                                                                     | NSEZ                                                                     | SEEPZ                                                                    | VSEZ                                                                     | Total                                                                    |
| 2020-21                                                                  | 13                                                                       | 2                                                                        | 16                                                                       | 7                                                                        | 10                                                                       | 23                                                                       | 25                                                                       | 96                                                                       |
| 2021-22                                                                  | 30                                                                       | 4                                                                        | 13                                                                       | 7                                                                        | 17                                                                       | 22                                                                       | 20                                                                       | 113                                                                      |
| 2022-23                                                                  | 11                                                                       | 4                                                                        | 16                                                                       | 12                                                                       | 4                                                                        | 13                                                                       | 17                                                                       | 77                                                                       |
| 2023-24                                                                  | 22                                                                       | 5                                                                        | 12                                                                       | 15                                                                       | 5                                                                        | 11                                                                       | 10                                                                       | 80                                                                       |
| 2024-25                                                                  | 20                                                                       | 2                                                                        | 12                                                                       | 19                                                                       | 2                                                                        | 12                                                                       | 33                                                                       | 100                                                                      |
| Total                                                                    | 96                                                                       | 17                                                                       | 69                                                                       | 60                                                                       | 38                                                                       | 81                                                                       | 105                                                                      | 466                                                                      |

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