Lok Sabha Question No. 356 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2015-12-01
Subject: World Bank&#39;s Report on Climate Change
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: PONGULETI SRINIVASA REDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 356 TO BE ANSWERED ON 01/12/2015

## WORLD BANK'S REPORT ON CLIMATE CHANGE

356. SHRI PONGULETI SRINIVASA REDDY:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE d`f"k vkSj d`'kd dY;k.k ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  taken  note  of  World  Bank's  report  regarding  adverse impact of climate change and global warming on agriculture and poverty in the country;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the  steps  taken  by  the  Government  to  develop  heat-tolerant  crops  for  preventing adverse consequences of climate change on food security for poor people?

## A N S W E R

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE d`f'k vkSj d`'kd dY;k.k ea=ky; esa jkT; ea=h

(DR. SANJEEV KUMAR BALYAN)

- (a) Yes, Madam.
- (b) The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics, Washington DC published a report entitled, 'Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience' for World Bank in June 2013.

A significant reduction in yield of crops especially rice and wheat due to heat extremes and  reduced  availability  of  irrigation  water  primarily  in  states  of  West  Bengal,  Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka has been reported. Further, longer dry spells in rainfed areas will make agriculture more risk prone. The summary of report related to India is presented in Annexure-I.

- (c) The  National  Agricultural  Research  System  (NARS)  comprising  ICAR,  Central Agricultural  Universities  and  SAUs  are  taking  adequate  steps  to  develop  suitable  varieties which can withstand the severe weather aberrations including high temperature and deficient rainfall/ drought. Short duration varieties have also been released to escape or overcome the vagaries of weather. The details are presented in Annexure-II.

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## Annexure-I

## [Part (b) to Lok Sabha USQ No.356 for 01/12/2015]

The  salient  points  related  to  India  in  the  World  Bank  Report  on  'Turn  Down  the  Heat:  Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience' by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics, Washington, DC.

-  Future heat extremes may pose a significant risk to production of rice and wheat crops.
-  If  temperatures  increase  beyond  the upper  temperature  for crop  development (25-31°C for rice and 2025°C for wheat, depending on  genotype), rapid  decreases  in  the  growth  and  productivity  of  crop  yields could be expected, with greater temperature increases leading to greater production losses.
-  Aggravating heat stress due to climate change is expected to affect rice crops. States of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. The situation may be aggravated by reduced water availability due to changes in precipitation levels and falling groundwater tables, as well as by droughts, floods, and other extreme events
-  Atmospheric  aerosols  and  greenhouse  gases,  reduced  incoming  radiation  and  increasing  minimum temperatures, have contributed to the recent slowdown in rice harvest growth.
-  Increasing minimum temperatures (3.4%) has caused more than half of the total rice yield decline.
-  Average rice yield in India could have been almost six percent higher without changing climatic conditions and  increasing  minimum  temperatures  may  have  a  greater  impact  on  yield  than  changing  monsoon characteristics.
-  Rice  yield  reductions  are  likely  to  be  larger  in  the  future  with  projected  increasing  temperatures  and variability in monsoon.
-  The major rice production in India, is from irrigated agriculture in the Ganges Basin. Changes in runoff patterns in the Ganges River system are projected to have adverse effects even on irrigated agriculture.
-  Wheat crop yields peaked in around 2001 and have not increased despite increasing fertilizer applications.
-  Wheat  crop  responses  to  extremely  high  temperatures  in  northern  India  may  have  significant  and substantial negative effect following exposure to temperatures above 34°C.
-  In India more than 60% of the crop area is rainfed. The rainfed agriculture for food production carries high risks, as longer dry spells may result in total crop failure.
-  Indian  agriculture  may  be  affected  due  to  the  shortage  of  surface  water  availability  in  the  2080s  as  a significant reduction in the lower parts of the Ganga, Bahamani-Baitrani, and Subarnrekha rivers and the upper parts of the Mahanadi River has been projected.
-  Total  annual  precipitation  is  projected  on  average  to  increase  over  southern  India  and  decrease  over northwestern India resulting in drought like situation.
-  Effect of the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration may counteract the negative impacts of increased temperature. For the intensive agricultural areas of northwest India, enhanced wheat and rice yields might be expected under climate change, provided that current irrigation can be maintained.
-  In the longer term CO2 fertilization effects would not be able to offset the negative impacts of increases in temperatures beyond 2°C on rice and wheat yields.
-  With a temperature increase of 2.0-2.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels, by the 2050s reduced water availability for agricultural production may result in more than 63 million people no longer being able to meet their caloric demand by production in the river basins.

## The high yielding varieties that can withstand severe change in weather pattern including deficient rainfall/drought and varieties suitable for biotic and abiotic stresses Food Crops

| Varieties                                                                                                                                 | Traits                                                                                                | Zone / State                                                                                               |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Rice                                                                                                                                      |                                                                                                       |                                                                                                            |
| Hybrid 6129                                                                                                                               | Resistant to Blast, brown spot and brown plant hopper                                                 | Irrigated areas of Punjab &Tamil Nadu                                                                      |
| Improved Samba Mahsuri                                                                                                                    | Resistant to bacterial blight                                                                         | Irrigated/shallow lowlands of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra |
| Improved Pusa Basmati 1                                                                                                                   | Resistant to blast                                                                                    | Basmati-growing areas of Delhi, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand                                     |
| SahabhagiDhan, Vandana, Anjali, Satyabhama, DRR Dhan 42,BirsaVikasDhan 203, BirsaVikasDhan 111, RajendraBhagwati,JaldiDh an 6, IR64 Drt I | Drought tolerance                                                                                     | Upland rice areas                                                                                          |
| CSR 27, CSR 30, CSR 36, NarendarUshar, Shankar Dhan 3, Lunishri                                                                           | Salinity stress tolerance                                                                             | Inland Saline areas                                                                                        |
| CR Dhan 402, CR Dhan 403                                                                                                                  | Salinity stress tolerance                                                                             | Coastal areas                                                                                              |
| Swarna Sub1, Savitri Sub1, CR Dan 401 and Chakaakhi                                                                                       | Submergence tolerance (can sustain flood and flash flood upto 7-12 days)                              | Flood prone shallow lands areas                                                                            |
| CR Dhan 500, Varshadhan, Hanseswari, CR Dhan 505, Jayantidhan, Jalamani and Durga                                                         | Waterlogging condition upto 75 - 100 cm                                                               | Flood prone shallow lands areas                                                                            |
| CR Dhan 201                                                                                                                               | Moderately resistant to leaf blast, sheath rot, stem borer, leaf folder, whorl maggot and rice thrips | Chhattisgarh &Bihar under aerobic condition                                                                |
| CR Dhan 202                                                                                                                               | Moderately resistant to stem borer, leaf folder, whorl maggot and rice thrips                         | Jharkhand and Odisha under aerobic condition                                                               |
| CR Dhan 407                                                                                                                               | Moderate resistance to BLB, Leaf Blast                                                                | Odisha and West Bengal under rainfed shallow lowlands                                                      |
| CR Dhan 505                                                                                                                               | Moderately resistant to leaf blast, sheath rot, sheath blight &rice tungro virus.                     | Odisha and Assam under deep water condition                                                                |
| Pusa Basmati 1509                                                                                                                         | Improved short duration basmati                                                                       | Western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi under irrigated transplanted condition                                     |

| Wheat                                                                                            |                                                                               |                                                                                                              |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| PBW550                                                                                           | Resistant to yellow rust                                                      | Punjab, Haryana, West Uttar Pradesh (except Jhansi division)                                                 |
| VL 892                                                                                           | Medium fertility and restricted irrigation condition                          | Hills of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand                                                                    |
| H1 1544                                                                                          | High fertility and irrigated conditions                                       | Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan (Kota and Udaipur divisions) and Gujarat                                           |
| PBW 527                                                                                          | Drought tolerance                                                             | North west plains                                                                                            |
| HI 1531, HI 1500, HI 8627                                                                        | Drought tolerance                                                             | Central Zone                                                                                                 |
| HD 2888                                                                                          | Drought tolerance                                                             | Eastern India                                                                                                |
| HPW 349, PBW 644,WH 1080, HD 3043, PBW 396, K 9465, K 8962, MP 3288, HD 4672, NIAW 1415, HD 2987 | Drought tolerance                                                             | Northern and central wheat growing areas                                                                     |
| NIAW 34                                                                                          | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | Peninsular zone late sown conditions                                                                         |
| Raj 3765                                                                                         | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | North western plain for late sown conditions                                                                 |
| Raj 4037                                                                                         | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | Peninsular India for normal sown conditions                                                                  |
| KRL 14, KRL 19, KRL 210, KRL 213                                                                 | Salinity stress tolerance                                                     | Inland saline areas                                                                                          |
| HD 2967                                                                                          | Rusts resistance                                                              | North Western Plain Zone and North Eastern Plain Zone                                                        |
| Narendra Wheat 4018                                                                              | Resistant to brown rust and leaf blight                                       | Uttar Pradesh                                                                                                |
| Maize                                                                                            | Maize                                                                         | Maize                                                                                                        |
| QPM Hybrid HQPM7                                                                                 | Quality protein single-cross hybrids                                          | Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra                                                        |
| QPM Vivek 9                                                                                      | Early maturing and quality protein                                            | Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh                                             |
| Buland                                                                                           | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | Northern parts of India                                                                                      |
| PMH 1                                                                                            | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | Irrigated areas of Punjab                                                                                    |
| PMH 3                                                                                            | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | Northern parts of India                                                                                      |
| HM9                                                                                              | High temperature stress tolerance                                             | Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa                                                                                     |
| Pusa hybrid Makka 1                                                                              | Drought tolerance                                                             | Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh                                                                           |
| HM4                                                                                              | Drought tolerance                                                             | Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Goa                              |
| Pusa hybrid Makka 5                                                                              | Drought tolerance                                                             | Whole of India                                                                                               |
| DHM121 (BH 41009)                                                                                | Medium maturity, yellow, semi-dent and tolerant to moisture stress conditions | Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal , Gujarat, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in kharif season |

| HM-5, Seed Tech-2324, HM-10, PMH-2                                                                                                                                | Deep water/submergence/water logging tolerance   | Maize growing areas                                                |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Sorghum                                                                                                                                                           |                                                  |                                                                    |
| CSH 25                                                                                                                                                            | Dual purpose and tolerant to grain mold diseases | Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Gujarat |
| CSH 19 R, CSV 18                                                                                                                                                  | Drought tolerance                                | All rabi sorghum area                                              |
| CSH 15 R                                                                                                                                                          | Drought tolerance                                | Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu              |
| Millets                                                                                                                                                           |                                                  |                                                                    |
| (i) Pearl Millet HHB 67 improved, GHB 757, GHB 538, GHB 719, Dhanshakti, HHB 234, MandorBajra Composite 2, HHB-226, RHB-177, Pusa Composite 443                   | Drought tolerance                                | All dry areas of Western Rajasthan and Gujarat                     |
| (ii) Finger Millet GPU 67, DHRS 1, PRM-2, KMr-301, VL Mandua 347, Indira Ragi-1, Dapoli safed-1, HIMA,KMR 204, VL Mandua-352 (VL352), Phule Nachani-1 (KOPN- 235) | Drought tolerance                                | Millets growing dry regions                                        |
| (iii) Foxtail Millet Sia 3085, SiA 3156                                                                                                                           | Drought tolerance                                | Millets growing dry regions                                        |
| (iv) Barnyard Millet CO(KV)2                                                                                                                                      | Drought tolerance                                | Millets growing dry regions                                        |
| (v) Kodo Millet Indira Kodo-1                                                                                                                                     | Drought tolerance                                | Millets growing dry regions                                        |
| Barley                                                                                                                                                            |                                                  |                                                                    |
| RD 2660, K603                                                                                                                                                     | Drought tolerance                                | North west plains region                                           |

## Pulses

| Variety                                  | Trait                     | Zone                  |
|------------------------------------------|---------------------------|-----------------------|
| Chickpea                                 | Chickpea                  | Chickpea              |
| Karnal Chana                             | Tolerance to salinity     | North West Plain Zone |
| CO1, ICCV 10                             | Drought tolerance         | Southern Zone         |
| Vijay, Vikas                             | Drought tolerance         | Central Zone          |
| RSG 14 , RSG 888                         | Drought tolerance         | North West Plain Zone |
| PKV Kabuli 4, IPCK 2004-29, Phule G 0517 | Extra large seeded Kabuli | Central Zone          |
| MNK1                                     | Extra large seeded Kabuli | South Zone            |
| JG 6, JG 14                              | Resistance to wilt        | Central Zone          |
| DCP 92-3                                 | Lodging tolerance         | Central Zone          |
| GNG 16                                   | Lodging tolerance         | North West Plain Zone |

| Pigeonpea                                  | Pigeonpea                                            | Pigeonpea                                       |
|--------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| BSMR 736, BSMR 175, Asha                   | Wilt/Sterility mosaic disease tolerance              | Central Zone                                    |
| NDA 1, MAL13                               | Wilt/Sterility mosaic disease tolerance              | North East Plain Zone                           |
| Pusa 992, PA 291, PAU 881                  | Short duration suitable for multiple cropping        | North west plain Zone                           |
| Mungbean                                   |                                                      |                                                 |
| HUM1                                       | Yellow mosaic virus tolerance                        | Central and Southern Zone                       |
| CO6                                        | Yellow mosaic virus tolerance                        | South Zone                                      |
| IPM 02-3                                   | Yellow mosaic virus tolerance                        | North East Plain Zone                           |
| Samrat, IPM 2-3, Meha, SML 668             | Early maturing suitable for spring/summer            | North west plain zone and North East Plain zone |
| IPM2-14, TM96-2, LGG 460, LGG 410          | Resistant to powdery mildew suitable for rabi/spring | South Zone                                      |
| Urdbean                                    |                                                      |                                                 |
| WBU109, PantU31, Azad Urd 1                | Short duration suitable for multiple cropping        | North East Plain zone                           |
| IPU-02-43, LBG 625, Vamban 4, WBG26        | Resistant to powdery mildew suitable for rabi/spring | South Zone                                      |
| Lentil                                     |                                                      |                                                 |
| HUL57,KLS218,PL8                           | Resistance to rust                                   | North East Plain Zone                           |
| DPL 62, PL 6, PL7, IPL 406, IPL 315,IPL316 | Large seeded                                         | Central Zone and North Western plain Zone       |

## Oilseeds

| Variety                                        | Trait                                            | Zone                                |
|------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| Castor                                         |                                                  |                                     |
| DCH 519                                        | Resistance to wilt and leaf hoppers              | All castor growing zones            |
| GC 3                                           | Resistant to wilt                                | Gujarat                             |
| Jwala                                          | Tolerance to salinity and resistance to wilt     | All castor growing zones            |
| Rapeseed Mustard                               |                                                  |                                     |
| NRCDR2                                         | High temperature tolerance                       | North West Plain Zone               |
| LET-18, Pusa Mustard 21, Pusa Mustard 24, RLC1 | Low erucic acid                                  | North West Plain Zone               |
| NRCDR 601                                      | High temperature and salinity tolerance          | North West Plain Zone               |
| VL toria 3                                     | Tolerance to cold                                | North Hill Zone                     |
| Soybean                                        |                                                  |                                     |
| JS97-52                                        | Resistance to Yellow mosaic virus and collar rot | Central Zone and North Eastern Zone |
| NRC7                                           | Pod shattering resistance                        | All soybean growing zones           |
| SL668, JS 97-52                                | Yellow mosaic resistance                         | All soybean growing zones           |
| NRC-7, JS 71-05                                | Pod shattering and drought tolerance             | All soybean growing zones           |

| NARI 38, SSF 658                                   | Resistant to wilt                       | All castor growing zones   |
|----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| JS 97-52, JS 20-38 and PK 472                      | Suitable for water logging condition.   | Soybean growing zones      |
| NRC 7, JS 95-60                                    | Drought tolerance                       | Soybean growing zones      |
| Groundnut                                          |                                         |                            |
| Ajiya, Girnar1, TAG-24, GG20, Kadiri 6, ICGV 91114 | Drought Tolerance                       | Central and South zone     |
| Girnar2, Kadiri9, Kadiri,Haritandhra, Greeshma     | Short duration suitable for rabi/spring | South Zone                 |

## Commercial Crops

| Variety/Hybrid                                                                     | Traits                                                                                  | Zone                                                                          |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cotton                                                                             |                                                                                         |                                                                               |
| HD 324                                                                             | Tolerance to Fusarium wilt and Leaf curl virus                                          | North Zone                                                                    |
| Hybrid Kalyan                                                                      | Tolerant to Cotton Leaf curl virus                                                      | North zone                                                                    |
| G.Cot.Hy 12                                                                        | Tolerant to aphids and jassids                                                          | Central Zone                                                                  |
| LRA 5166                                                                           | Tolerance to drought                                                                    | Central Zone                                                                  |
| KC 3                                                                               | Tolerance to drought                                                                    | South Zone                                                                    |
| Kanchana, L - 604                                                                  | Resistance to whitefly                                                                  | South Zone                                                                    |
| MCU5VT, Surabhi                                                                    | Resistance to verticillium wilt                                                         | South zone                                                                    |
| Suraj                                                                              | Long staple with jassid tolerance                                                       | South and Central zone irrigated conditions                                   |
| HD 324, CICR-1, Raj DH 7, Jawahar Tapti, PratapKapi, Suraj, Surabhi, Veena, AK 235 | Drought Tolerant                                                                        | Cotton growing areas                                                          |
| Sugarcane                                                                          |                                                                                         |                                                                               |
| Co 94008 (Shyama)                                                                  | Tolerant to drought and salinity                                                        | Peninsular Zone                                                               |
| Co 2001-3 (Sulabh)                                                                 | Moderately resistant to red rot, smut and wilt                                          | Peninsular Zone                                                               |
| Co 98014 (Karan-1)                                                                 | Tolerant to drought, water-logging                                                      | North West Zone                                                               |
| CoS 96268 (Mithas)                                                                 | Moderately resistant to red rot and good ratooner                                       | North West Zone                                                               |
| CoSe 6436 (Jalpari)                                                                | Tolerant to water-logging and good ratooner                                             | North Central Zone                                                            |
| Co 0233(Kosi)                                                                      | Moderately resistant to red rot and smut                                                | North Central Zone                                                            |
| CoC 01061                                                                          | Moderately resistant to red rot.                                                        | East Cost Zone                                                                |
| CoLk 94184 (Birendra)                                                              | Tolerant to drought and waterlogging with good rationing                                | North Central Zone                                                            |
| Co 0118                                                                            | High sucrose content and resistant to red rot, wilt and smut, tolerant to water logging | Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Central and Western Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand |

| Co 0239, Co 0238, Co 06927, Co 0403, Co 86032                                               | Tolerant to drought                              | Southern and central zone                            |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| Jute                                                                                        |                                                  |                                                      |
| JRO 204 (Suren), JBO-2003-H (IRA)                                                           | Early sowing suitability with fine fibre quality | Tossa jute belt                                      |
| JRC-532 (Sashi)                                                                             | Very fine fibre fineness white jute              | White jute belt                                      |
| JRC 80 (Mitali)                                                                             | Premature flowering resistance                   | White jute belt                                      |
| JBO 1 (Sudhangsu)                                                                           | Drought tolerance                                | Tossa jute belt of West Bengal, Assam, Bihar &Orissa |
| S19, Tarun, JRO 7835, JRO 524, JRO 878, JRC 321, JRC 7447, JRC 532, JRC 517, Bidhan Pat - 1 | Suitable for water logging condition.            | Jute growing belts                                   |

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