Lok Sabha Question No. 2562 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-03-14
Subject: Gender Gap in Education
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: AJAY TAMTA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2562 TO BE ANSWERED ON 14 TH  MARCH, 2016

## Gender Gap in Education

## 2562. SHRI AJAY TAMTA:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT मानव संसाधन िवकास मंत्री be pleased to state:

(a) whether bridging gender and social category gaps in elementary education is one of the goals of Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and if so, the details thereof;

(b) whether the Government has been successful in bridging the said gap and if so, the details thereof including the measures taken by the Government in this direction

(c)  whether the Government has identified Special Focus Districts and if so, the details of the areas identified in all the States including Uttarakhand; and

(d) the details of the steps taken to improve the position so far with regard to education for girls and children belonging to disadvantaged groups in the country?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SMT. SMRITI ZUBIN IRANI)

(a) & (b):  Bridging gender and social category gaps in elementary education is one of the major goals of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). Consequently, SSA attempts to reach out to girls and children  belonging  to  Scheduled  Caste  (SC),  Scheduled  Tribes  (ST),  Muslims  and  other marginalised  communities.  SSA  has  also  given  attention  to  urban  deprived  children,  children affected by periodic migration, and children living in remote and scattered habitations.

Under the  SSA,  the  districts  with  high  concentration  of  population  of  SCs,  STs  and  Muslims have been identified as Special Focus Districts (SFDs). The criteria for identifying the SFDs in case of SCs and STs is a population of 25% and above, while for Muslims, it is 20% and above population. SFDs also include 121 districts identified by Ministry of Minority Affairs to monitor implementation  of  SSA  as  part  of  Prime  Minister's  15  Point  Programme  and  88  districts identified by Ministry of Home Affairs as districts affected with Left Wing Extremism (LWE).

Through the interventions made under SSA in SFDs, at the national level the enrolment share of SC children as per District Information System for Education (DISE), 2013-14, at elementary level is 19.72%, whereas their share in population is 16.6% (as per Census 2011). Similarly, the enrolment share of ST children at elementary level as per DISE 2013-14, is 10.63%, whereas their  share  in  population  is  8.6%  (as  per  Census  2011).  The  enrolment  of  girls  also  shows considerable improvement over the years and it increased to 48.20% in 2013-14 from 47.79% in 2005-06  at  primary  level  and  at  upper  primary  level  it  increased  to  48.66%  in  2013-14  from 48.20% in 2005-06. Participation of students at school has an impact on their learning outcomes. Four  rounds  of  National  Achievement  Surveys  (NAS)  have  been  conducted  so  far  by  the National  Council  of  Educational  Research  &  Training  for  class  V  whereas  three  rounds  have been  conducted  for  classes  III  &  VIII.  These  reveal  that  that  SC/ST  children  have  performed better than the national average in Language, Maths, Science and Social Science, in many of the States.

The drop-out rate in respect of ST children has come down to 10.16% in 2013-14 from 11.77% in  2012-13  at  primary  level.  Similarly,  in  case  of  Muslim  children  the  drop-out  rate  has decreased to 7.03% in 2013-14 from 10.70% in 2012-13 at primary level.

(c): A total of 323 districts under one or more of the above categories have been identified as SFDs. State-wise details including Uttarakhand are at Annexure.

(d):  Under  SSA,  since  its  inception  upto  31.12.2015,  92021  primary  schools,  54623  upper primary  schools  and  851473  additional  classrooms  have  been  constructed  in  SFDs.  Besides, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) has played an important role in furthering the goal of  girls'  education  in  educationally  backward  blocks  of  the  country.  A  total  of  330  KGBVs, which are upper primary residential schools for girls, have been sanctioned in the SC SFDs, out of which 326 are operational. Similarly, 508 KGBVs have been sanctioned in ST SFDs, out of which  507  are  operational.  In  ST  SFDs,  106  residential  schools  and  190  hostels  have  been sanctioned.  In  LWE  SFDs,  66  residential  schools,  93  hostels  and  913  KGBVs  have  been sanctioned.

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## ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (c)  OF  LOK  SABHA  UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2562 ASKED BY SHRI AJAY TAMTA, TO BE ANSWERED ON 14.03.2016 REGARDING 'GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION'

|   Sl. No. | State/UT                  | SFDs                                                                                                                                                                                                  |   Total |
|-----------|---------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
|         1 | Andaman & Nicobar Islands | Andaman, Nicobar                                                                                                                                                                                      |       2 |
|         2 | Andhra Pradesh            | East Godavari, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram                                                                                                                                                |       4 |
|         3 | Arunachal Pradesh         | Anjaw, Changlang, East Kameng, East Siang, Lower Subansiri, Papum Pare, Tawang, Tirap, Upper Siang, Upper Subansiri, West Kameng, West Siang                                                          |      12 |
|         4 | Assam                     | Barpeta, Bongaigaon, Cachar, Darrang, Dhubri, Goalpara, Hailkandi, Kamrup, Karbi Anglong, Karimganj, Kokrajhar, Morigaon, Nagaon, Nalbari, North Cachar Hills                                         |      15 |
|         5 | Bihar                     | Araria, Arwal, Aurangabad, Darbhanga, East Champaran, Gaya, Jamui, Jehanabad, Kaimur, Katihar, Kishanganj, Munger, Nawada, Purnea, Rohtas, Sitamarhi, West Champaran                                  |      17 |
|         6 | Chhattisgarh              | Balrampur, Bastar, Bijapur, Bilaspur, Dantewara, Gariaband, Jashpur, Kanker, Kondagaon, Korba, Koriya, Kowardha, Narayanpur, Rajnandgao, Sarguja, Sukma                                               |      16 |
|         7 | Dadra & Nagar Haveli      | Dadra &Nagar Haveli                                                                                                                                                                                   |       1 |
|         8 | Delhi                     | Central Delhi, North East                                                                                                                                                                             |       2 |
|         9 | Goa                       | South Goa                                                                                                                                                                                             |       1 |
|        10 | Gujarat                   | Bharuch, Dahod, Dangs, Kachchh, Narmada, Panchmahals, Vadodara, Valsad                                                                                                                                |       8 |
|        11 | Haryana                   | Ambala, Fatehabad, Mewat (Gurgaon), Sirsa                                                                                                                                                             |       4 |
|        12 | Himachal Pradesh          | Bilaspur, Kinnaur, Kullu, Lahaul & Spiti, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmour, Una                                                                                                                                 |       8 |
|        13 | Jammu & Kashmir           | Anantnag, Baramullah, Budgam, Doda, Kargil, Kupwara, Leh (Laddakh), Palwama, Poonch, Rajouri, Srinagar, Udhampur                                                                                      |      12 |
|        14 | Jharkhand                 | Bokaro, Chatra, Dumka, East Singhbhum, Garhwa, Giridih, Godda, Gumla, Hazaribag, Kodarma, Khunti, Latehar, Lohardagga, Pakur, Palamau, Ramgarh, Ranchi, Sahebganj, Saraikela, Simdega, West Singhbhum |      21 |
|        15 | Karnataka                 | Bidar, Dakshin Kannad, Gulbarga, Kolar                                                                                                                                                                |       4 |
|        16 | Kerala                    | Allappuzzha, Ernakulam, Iddukki, Kannur, Kasargod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Mallapuram, Palakkad, Patthanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad                                          |      14 |
|        17 | Lakshwadeep               | Lakshwadeep                                                                                                                                                                                           |       1 |

| 18.   | Madhya Pradesh   | Anoop Pur, Balaghat, Barwani, Betul, Bhopal, Chhindwara, Dhar, Dindori, East Nimar (Khandawa), Harda, Jhabua, Mandla, Ratlam, Seoni, Shahdol, Sheopur, Sidhi, Singrauli, Umaria, Vidisha, West Nimer (Khargone)                                                                                                                                                                                                |   21 |
|-------|------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| 19.   | Maharashtra      | Akola, Amravati, Aurangabad, Bhandara, Buldana, Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Gondiya, Hingoli, Mumbai, Mumbai (Suburban), Nandurbar, Parbhani, Washim                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |   15 |
| 20.   | Manipur          | Chandel, Churachandpur, Senapati (Excl. 3 sub divisions), Tamenglong, Thoubal, Ukhrul                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |    6 |
| 21.   | Meghalaya        | East Garo Hills, East Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, Ri Bhoi, South Garo Hills, West Garo Hills, West Khasi Hills                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |    7 |
| 22.   | Mizoram          | Aizawal, Champhai, Kolasib, Lawngtlai , Lunglei , Mamit, Saiha (chhimtuipui), Serchhip                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |    8 |
| 23.   | Nagaland         | Dimapur, Kiphire, Kohima, Longleng, Mokokchung, Mon, Peren, Phek, Tuensang, Wokha, Zunheboto                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |   11 |
| 24.   | Odhisa           | Bolangir, Debgarh, Gajapati, Ganjam, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Keonjhar, Koraput, Jajpur, Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nawarangpur, Nuapada, Nayagarh, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Sonapur, Sundergarh                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |   18 |
| 25.   | Punjab           | Amritsar, Bathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Nawanshahar, Sangrur                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |   12 |
| 26.   | Puducherry       | Mahe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |    1 |
| 27.   | Rajasthan        | Banswara, Dungarpur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaiselmer, Sawai Madhopur, Udaipur                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |    7 |
| 28.   | Sikkim           | East Sikkim, West Sikkim, North Sikkim, South Sikkim                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |    4 |
| 29.   | Tamil Nadu       | Cuddalore, Kancheepuram, Kannayakumari, Nagapattinam, Perambalur, The Nilgiris, Thiruvarur, Villupuram                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |    8 |
| 30.   | Telangana        | Adilabad, Hyderabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Warangal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |    5 |
| 31.   | Tripura          | Dhalai                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |    1 |
| 32.   | Uttarakhand      | Bageshwar, Haridwar (Roorkee), Udham Singh Nagar                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |    3 |
| 33.   | Uttar Pradesh    | Auraiya, Azamgarh, Badaun, Baghpat, Bahraich, Balrampur, Barabanki, Bareilly, Bijnaur, Bulandahahar, Chitrakoot, Chandauli, Fatehpur, Ghaziabad, Hardoi, Hathras, J.P. Nagar, Jalaun, Jhansi, Kaushambi, Khiri, Lucknow, Mahoba, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Pillibhit, Rae Bareilly, Rampur, Saharanpur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Shahjahanpur, Shrawasti, Sidharth Nagar, Sitapur, Sonbhadra, Unnao |   38 |
| 34.   | West Bengal      | Bankura, Bardhaman, Birbhum, Dakshin Dinajpur, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Kolkatta, Kooch Bihar, Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas, Paschim Medinipur, Purulia, South 24 Parganas, Uttar Dinajpur                                                                                                                                                                                                          |   16 |
|       |                  | Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |  323 |