Lok Sabha Question No. 1401 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2026-02-09
Subject: Evaluation of Major Skill Development Schemes
Ministry: SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Asked by: Shri Raja Ram Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1401

ANSWERED ON 09.02.2026

## EVALUATION OF MAJOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES

1401.  SHRI RAJA RAM SINGH:

Will the Minister of SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  conducted  any  outcome-based  evaluation  of  major  skill development  schemes,  such  as  Pradhan  Mantri  Kaushal  Vikas  Yojana  (PMKVY)  to  assess actual employment generation and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) the details of the training centres found to be non-functional or in violation of prescribed guidelines under Skill India programmes during the last three years and the current year along with the action taken against such centres;
- (c) whether the Government has mapped industry demand versus the skills imparted under various  skilling  schemes  and  if  so,  the  corrective  steps  taken/being  taken  to  address  any mismatch; and
- (d) the details of the funds allocated, released and utilised under entrepreneurship promotion schemes during the last five years and the current year along with the number of beneficiaries supported?

## ANSWER

THE  MINISTER  OF  STATE  (INDEPENDENT  CHARGE)  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

(SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)

- (a) Impact  of schemes  for  skill development are  assessed  through  their  third party independent  evaluation. The  evaluation  of  schemes  of  MSDE  have  acknowledged  their positive  outcome  and  mentioned  about  their  success  in  terms  of  placement  or  livelihood improvement of candidates trained, as indicated below:

PMKVY: MSDE's flagship scheme PMKVY was evaluated by NITI Aayog in October 2020 and as per the study, about 94 percent of the employers surveyed reported they would hire more candidates trained under PMKVY. Further, 52 percent of the candidates who were placed in full time/part time employment and oriented under the RPL component received higher salary or felt that they will get higher salary compared to their un-certified peers.

JSS :  Evaluation  study  of  JSS  scheme  conducted  in  2020  found  that  the training  nearly doubled household incomes for beneficiaries, with strong participation from women (79%) and rural communities (50.5%). The study reported significant livelihood improvements, including better employment for 73.4% of trainees, higher incomes for 89.1%, and effective beneficiary mobilization at 85.7%. It also noted that 77% of trainees shifted to new occupations, reflecting the scheme's strong focus on self -employment in line with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

NAPS :  Third-party  evaluation  study  of  NAPS  conducted  in  2021  observed  that  the scheme improved  youth  employability  by  providing  structured  on-the-job  training  and  increasing apprentices participation  across  industries.  In  the  new  version  of  the  scheme,  DBT  method has been adopted to transfer government's share directly to apprentices' bank accounts, as streamlined reimbursement process was recommended in the report.

ITIs : The final report of Tracer Study of ITI Graduates published in 2018 by MSDE mentions that  63.5%  of  total  ITI  pass-outs  got  employed  (wage+self,  out  of  which  6.7%  are  selfemployed).

- (b)    Training Centres are monitored through both physical and virtual modes. Strict legal and administrative  actions  including  filing  of  FIRs,  blacklisting,  suspension,  and  financial  recovery are  initiated  against  non-compliant  Training  Partners/  Training  Centers  (TPs/TCs)  involved  in activities such as falsification of attendance records.  As on 31.12.2025, a total of 178 Training Centres  has  been  blacklisted  under  PMKVY  4.0  for  non-adherence  to  scheme  guidelines. Further,  41  FIRs  have  already  been  registered in  matters  involving  serious  irregularities, including falsification of attendance records.
- (c)         District  Skill  Committees  (DSCs), established  across  all  States/UTs  are  mandated  with formulating District Skill Development Plans (DSDPs) to support decentralized, grassroots-level skill  planning  by  identifying  local  employment  opportunities,  skilling  demand,  and  available training  infrastructure.  Government  skill  programmes  are  then  designed  to  bridge  these identified skill gaps across sectors. The Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), led by industry experts, regularly  conduct  skill  gap  studies  to  assess  sector-wise  skill  needs  and  set  competency standards, which guide government interventions to align the workforce with industry requirements.  Additionally,  the  SANKALP  (Skill  Acquisition  and  Knowledge  Awareness  for Livelihood  Promotion)-supported  National  Skill  Gap  Study  by  National  Council  of  Applied Economic Research (NCAER) provides a standardized, data-driven framework to assess skill gaps across seven high-growth sectors. It helps MSDE to align skilling initiatives with industry demand and future workforce needs.

Further,  in  order  to  meet  skilling  requirements  for  future  workforce,  improve  the  quality  of skilling,  to  align  the  training  programs  to  market  needs  and  improve  the  employability  of trainees, the following specific steps have been taken by MSDE:

- i.    The training programs offered under the schemes of MSDE are developed in collaboration with industries, keeping in view market demands.
- ii.   Future  ready job-roles addressing the requirement of Industry 4.0, emerging sectors like Drone, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, Mechatronics, etc., have been prioritized under Pradhan  Mantri  Kaushal  Vikas  Yojana  (PMKVY)  4.0.   Also,  Under  Craftsmen  Training Scheme (CTS) in ITIs,  new  age  courses  have  been  developed  to  meet  the  demand  of futuristic job roles in emerging technologies.
- iii.  The National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET) has been set up as an overarching regulator establishing  regulations  and  standards  to  ensure quality  in  the Technical  and  Vocational  Education  and  Training  (TVET)  space.   The  Awarding  Bodies recognized  by  NCVET  are  required  to  develop  the  qualifications  as  per  the  industry demand and obtain industry validations.
- iv.  Directorate  General  of  Training  (DGT)  is  strengthening  industry-linked  training  for  ITI students through the Flexi MoU Scheme and Dual System of Training, and by partnering with  leading  tech  companies  like  IBM,  CISCO,  Future  Skill  Rights  Network,  AWS,  and Microsoft under CSR  initiatives to enhance industry exposure and relevant skill development.
- v.   Courses aligned to National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) also have components of On Job Training (OJT) and employability skills.
- vi.  Under NAPS, apprenticeship training and increasing engagement with industrial establishments for undertaking apprenticeship programs is promoted.
- vii. Trainings  of  Trainers  through  National  Skill  Training  Institutes  (NSTIs)  and  Institutes  of Training of Trainers (IToTs).
- viii.  Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH) Portal has been established as a Digital Public Infrastructure for skilling, employment, and entrepreneurship ecosystems.
- ix.  The  Cabinet  has  also  approved  The  Pradhan  Mantri  Skilling  and  Employability  through Upgraded  ITIs(PM  SETU)  scheme with  a  focus  on  upgradation  of 1,000  ITIs  through  a Hub (200) -Spoke (800) model.

(d)   The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) through its autonomous organizations, namely, National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD) and Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE) has been working for the empowerment,  upliftment and development of entrepreneurs across the country, build entrepreneurial  mindsets  and  capabilities,  support  and  provide  mentoring  and  handholding support for entrepreneurship development. The number of beneficiaries trained and the funds allocated under MSDE schemes, as well as under the skilling and entrepreneurship components of other Ministries' schemes implemented in collaboration with MSDE, from their inception up to 15.01.2026, are as follows:

|   S. No. | Name of the Scheme                                                                                                                            | No. of Beneficiaries trained   |   Funds allocated (Amount in Crores) |
|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
|        1 | Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) Project                                                                         | 91,430                         |                                24.63 |
|        2 | Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) Scheme                                                          | 88,025                         |                                68.39 |
|        3 | PM Van Dhan Yojana                                                                                                                            | 77,864                         |                                44.92 |
|        4 | PM YUVA                                                                                                                                       | 62,577                         |                                18.15 |
|        5 | Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN)                                                                                 | 38,391                         |                                23.47 |
|        6 | Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)                                                                            | 30,280                         |                                 2.49 |
|        7 | PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programme                                                                  | 26,927                         |                                75    |
|        8 | ESDP Scheme of DC-MSME                                                                                                                        | 20,063                         |                                 3.56 |
|        9 | Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan                                                                                                    | 10,838                         |                                42.34 |
|       10 | Pilot Project on Entrepreneurship Development in Holy Cities                                                                                  | 8,023                          |                                 5    |
|       11 | Establish, Develop and Manage EDC and Incubation Centers (IC) in North East Region's Educational Institution                                  | 6,164                          |                                 5.87 |
|       12 | Entrepreneurial Climate through Training of Trainers (ToTs) and Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) in Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSSs) | 5,633                          |                                 5.07 |
|       13 | Pilot Project for Entrepreneurship Development Program                                                                                        | 5,000                          |                                 2.93 |
|       14 | Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector (SAMARTH)                                                                                      | 3,140                          |                                 8.24 |
|       15 | Rastriya Udyamita Vikas Pariyojana on Pilot Basis for PM Svanidhi Beneficiaries                                                               | 1,704                          |                                 1.5  |
|       16 | Swavalambini programme                                                                                                                        | 1,487                          |                                 0.4  |
|       17 | Organising Workshops in Artisan Melas and Haats                                                                                               | 592                            |                                 0.37 |
|       18 | Entrepreneurship Development among Jail Inmates                                                                                               | 460                            |                                 1.54 |
|       19 | Capacity Building Programme for Fair Price Shop Owners                                                                                        | 315                            |                                 0.18 |

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