Lok Sabha Question No. 3282 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-08-08
Subject: AI in Legal System
Ministry: LAW AND JUSTICE
Asked by: Shri Ramvir Singh Bidhuri

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 3282 TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE 08 th  AUGUST, 2025

## AI IN LEGAL SYSTEM

## †3282. Shri Ramvir Singh Bidhuri:

Will the Minister of LAW AND JUSTICE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether any specific policies or guidelines are being prepared for the use of ethical AI in the legal system;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the manner in which AI is being used to reduce the pendency of cases and improve efficiency of courts in India; and
- (d) the biggest challenges being faced in implementing AI in India's legal system and the strategy being adopted by the Government to address them?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE; AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS

## (SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)

(a) to (d): As per the information provided by the eCommittee, Supreme Court of India, use of Artificial  intelligence  (AI)  is  strictly  within  the  confines  of  the  areas  outlined  in  the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of e-Courts Project Phase III. A Sub-Committee consisting of six judges of the various High Courts, assisted by the technical working group of domain experts has been constituted by the Chairperson of the eCommittee of the Supreme Court of India  to  suggest/recommend  secure  connectivity  and  authentication  mechanisms  for  data protection  in  order  to  preserve  the  right  to  privacy.  The  Sub-Committee  is  mandated  to critically assess and examine the digital infrastructure, network and service delivery solutions created under the eCourts project for giving solutions to strengthen data security and protect the privacy of citizens.

As per the information provided by the eCommittee, Supreme Court of India, Artificial Intelligence  (AI)  and  Machine  Learning  (ML)  based  tools  are  being  deployed  in  case management. These tools are being used in transcribing oral  arguments  in Constitutional

Bench matters. The AI assisted transcribed arguments can be accessed on the website of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of India is also using AI and ML based tools in close coordination  with  National  Informatics  Centre  (NIC),  in  translation  of  judgments  from English  language  to  18  Indian  languages  viz., Assamese,  Bengali,  Garo,  Gujarati,  Hindi, Kannada,  Kashmiri,  Khasi,  Konkani,  Malayali,  Marathi,  Nepali,  Odia,  Punjabi,  Santali, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The judgments can be accessed through the eSCR portal of the Supreme Court of India.

The Supreme Court of India, in close coordination with IIT Madras, has developed and deployed  AI  and  ML  based  tools  integrated  with  the  electronic  filing  software  for identification of defects. The access of the proto-type has been granted to 200 Advocates-onRecord. Further, the Supreme Court of India is testing the prototypes of AI and ML tools, for curing defects, meta data extraction in collaboration with IIT Madras. This AI and ML based tool is envisaged to be integrated with the electronic filing module and the case management software, namely Integrated Case Management & Information System (ICMIS).

An AI based tool, Supreme Court Portal Assistance in Court Efficiency (SUPACE), aimed at developing a module to understand the factual matrix of cases with an intelligent search  of  the  precedents  apart  from  identifying  the  cases,  is  in  experimental  stage  of development. The SUPACE may be deployed after procurement and deployment of graphic processing unit(s) and other latest technology-based units such as Tensor Processing Unit. However, no AI and ML based tool is being used by the Supreme Court of India in decision making process.

As per information provided by eCommittee, Supreme Court of India, the challenges in  integrating AI  into  Judicial  processes,  including  case  management,  legal  research  and translation services include potential biases in AI algorithms, language barriers, translation accuracy,  concerns  on  data  privacy  and  security.  Efforts  are  being  made  for  continuous upgrades in technology, skill upgradation and process re-engineering. Under eCourts Phase III, a sum of Rs. 208.52 crore has been earmarked for capacity building of stakeholders in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) including AI. Additionally, an amount of Rs. 53.57 crore has been earmarked for funding such future technologies and their adoption in streamlining the judicial processes.

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