Lok Sabha Question No. 306 (STARRED), answered on 2025-08-11
Subject: Per Capita Income of Tribals
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Shri Rajkumar Roat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *306

TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.08.2025/ Sravana 20, 1947 (Saka)

## PER CAPITA INCOME OF TRIBALS

## †*306. Shri Rajkumar Roat

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the per capita income across the country and the ideal per capita income keeping the current inflation rate under consideration, State, district and category-wise;
- (b) whether the per capita income of the tribal communities is the lowest as compared to other communities/categories;
- (c) the efforts being made by the Government to improve the per capita income of the tribal communities and reduce the margin of income with other communities/categories;
- (d) the average difference in the per capita income of the tribal communities in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra as compared to other communities/categories;
- (e) whether the Government proposes to formulate any special scheme or policy to increase the income of tribals, if so, the time by which it is likely to be formulated; and
- (f) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

THE FINANCE MINISTER

(SMT. NIRMALA SITHARAMAN)

- (a) to (f): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.  *306,  RAISED  BY  SHRI  RAJKUMAR  ROAT  FOR  11 th  AUGUST,  2025  ON  PER CAPITA INCOME OF TRIBALS

(a):  As  per  the  provisional  estimates  of  the  GDP  released  by  the  Ministry  of  Statistics  and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), per capita income (Net National Income) of the country for the  Financial  Year  2024-25  at  constant  and  current  prices  stood  at  ₹1,14,710  and  ₹2,05,324, respectively. The state-wise details  of per capita  income (Net  State  Domestic Product) for the Financial Year 2023-24 and 2024-25 are in Annexure-I. Centralized, category-wise [Scheduled Tribe  (ST),  Scheduled  Caste  (SC),  General,  etc.]  or  district-wise  per  capita  income  is  not maintained by the MoSPI, though several states (but not all) publish district-wise income data. Neither is there any officially declared 'ideal' per capita income. However, a sustained increase in per capita income after adjusting for inflation is generally seen as an indicator of improving living standards.

(b) and (d): While there exist no category-wise per capita income estimates, MoSPI collects data on household consumption expenditure, which could be treated as a proxy for income status. As per the latest household consumption expenditure survey (HCES), the all-India average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) across different social groups for the year 2023-24 (August 2023-July 2024) is as follows:

| Community/Category   | Rural (in ₹)   | Urban (in ₹)   |
|----------------------|----------------|----------------|
| Scheduled Tribe      | 3,363          | 6,030          |
| Scheduled Caste      | 3,878          | 5,775          |
| Other Backward Class | 4,206          | 6,738          |
| Others               | 4,642          | 7,832          |
| All                  | 4,122          | 6,996          |

Source: Household consumption expenditure survey 2023-24, MoSPI

Further,  the  average  MPCE  (in  ₹)  as  reported  in  the  HCES  across  different  social  groups  in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra, for the year 2023-24 (August 2023-July 2024) is as follows:

| Community/ Category   | Rajasthan   | Rajasthan   | Madhya Pradesh   | Madhya Pradesh   | Gujarat   | Gujarat   | Maharashtr a   | Maharashtr a   |
|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|------------------|------------------|-----------|-----------|----------------|----------------|
|                       | Rura l      | Urba n      | Rural            | Urban            | Rura l    | Urba n    | Rura l         | Urba n         |
| Scheduled Tribe       | 3,384       | 6,065       | 3,004            | 4,445            | 3,690     | 5,837     | 3,103          | 5,377          |
| Scheduled Caste       | 4,196       | 5,050       | 3,416            | 4,711            | 3,825     | 5,955     | 3,986          | 5,956          |
| Other Backward Class  | 4,854       | 6,051       | 3,582            | 5,221            | 4,008     | 6,415     | 4,242          | 6,580          |
| Others                | 5,238       | 8,011       | 3,964            | 6,571            | 5,137     | 7,971     | 4,599          | 8,250          |
| All                   | 4,510       | 6,574       | 3,441            | 5,538            | 4,116     | 7,175     | 4,145          | 7,363          |

Source: Household consumption expenditure survey 2023-24, MoSPI

(c) , (e) and (f): To  enhance  the  income  of  tribal  communities  and  thereby  reduce  the differential with other communities, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) has undertaken a multipronged  approach  through  various  livelihood  and  financial  empowerment  programmes.  The Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Vikas Mission (PMJVM) promotes tribal entrepreneurship by supporting value addition of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) and such non-farm produce in addition to providing Minimum Support Prices for MFPs; facilitates marketing linkages through Tribes India; and sets up  Van  Dhan  Vikas  Kendras  for  value  addition.  The  National  Scheduled  Tribes  Finance  and Development  Corporation (NSTFDC)  provides  concessional loans for income-generating activities, including special schemes for tribal women and self-help groups. The Venture Capital Fund of MoTA supports tribal  start-ups  and  enterprises  to  foster  innovation  and  self-reliance. Additionally,  the  Dharti Aaba  Janjatiya  Gram  Utkarsh Abhiyan  (DAJGUA)  addresses  service delivery  and  livelihood  gaps  in  tribal  villages,  including  support  for  homestay  tourism  and sustainable agriculture. Through the Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST), 41 ministries earmark funds for tribal welfare, while educational scholarships and interest-subsidised loans further support long-term income enhancement by improving access to higher education and employability.

Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (in ₹)

|                          | At Constant Prices   | At Constant Prices   | At Current Prices   | At Current Prices   |
|--------------------------|----------------------|----------------------|---------------------|---------------------|
| State/UT                 | 2023-24              | 2024-25              | 2023-24             | 2024-25             |
| Andhra Pradesh           | 1,31,083             | 1,41,609             | 2,37,951            | 2,66,240            |
| Arunachal Pradesh        | 1,11,107             | NA                   | 2,20,209            | NA                  |
| Assam                    | 75,938               | 81,127               | 1,39,783            | 1,54,222            |
| Bihar                    | 32,227               | NA                   | 60,180              | NA                  |
| Chhattisgarh             | 87,681               | 93,161               | 1,48,922            | 1,62,870            |
| Goa                      | 3,57,611             | NA                   | 5,85,953            | NA                  |
| Gujarat                  | 1,95,617             | NA                   | 2,97,722            | NA                  |
| Haryana                  | 1,82,816             | 1,94,285             | 3,19,363            | 3,53,182            |
| Himachal Pradesh         | 1,54,330             | 1,63,465             | 2,34,782            | 2,57,212            |
| Jharkhand                | 65,062               | NA                   | 1,05,274            | NA                  |
| Karnataka                | 1,91,970             | 2,04,605             | 3,39,813            | 3,80,906            |
| Kerala                   | 1,62,040             | NA                   | 2,79,751            | NA                  |
| Madhya Pradesh           | 67,301               | 70,434               | 1,39,713            | 1,52,615            |
| Maharashtra              | 1,66,013             | 1,76,678             | 2,78,681            | 3,09,340            |
| Manipur                  | 65,471               | NA                   | 1,28,925            | NA                  |
| Meghalaya                | 74,489               | 77,412               | 1,36,948            | 1,49,891            |
| Mizoram                  | 1,52,363             | NA                   | 2,35,823            | NA                  |
| Nagaland                 | 81,158               | NA                   | 1,58,730            | NA                  |
| Odisha                   | 99,396               | 1,06,918             | 1,65,068            | 1,82,548            |
| Punjab                   | 1,29,561             | 1,35,356             | 1,95,031            | 2,09,452            |
| Rajasthan                | 90,414               | 96,638               | 1,66,647            | 1,85,053            |
| Sikkim                   | 2,92,339             | NA                   | 5,87,743            | NA                  |
| Tamil Nadu               | 1,79,732             | 1,96,309             | 3,15,220            | 3,58,027            |
| Telangana                | 1,77,000             | 1,87,912             | 3,46,457            | 3,79,751            |
| Tripura                  | 97,250               | NA                   | 1,76,943            | NA                  |
| Uttar Pradesh            | 50,341               | NA                   | 93,422              | NA                  |
| Uttarakhand              | 1,50,931             | 1,58,819             | 2,46,178            | 2,74,064            |
| West Bengal              | 77,933               | 82,781               | 1,49,515            | 1,63,467            |
| Andaman &Nicobar Islands | 1,77,335             | NA                   | 2,75,758            | NA                  |
| Chandigarh               | 2,56,912             | NA                   | 4,30,119            | NA                  |
| Delhi                    | 2,71,490             | NA                   | 4,59,408            | NA                  |
| Jammu &Kashmir           | 76,653               | 81,774               | 1,39,880            | 1,54,703            |
| Puducherry               | 1,45,921             | 1,55,533             | 2,67,124            | 2,85,072            |

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

NA: Not Available

## Annexure-I