Lok Sabha Question No. 82 (STARRED), answered on 2024-07-29
Subject: Pollution in Smaller Cities
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Shri Chandra Prakash Joshi, Shri Rodmal Nagar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 82

TO BE ANSWERED ON 29.07.2024

## Pollution in Smaller Cities

## * 82. SHRI CHANDRA PRAKASH JOSHI: SHRI RODMAL NAGAR:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the efforts made/proposed to be made by the Government to check pollution in smaller cities in the country along with the guidelines issued in this regard;
- (b) the  details  of  the  efforts  made/proposed to  be made  by  the  Government  to  make  the environment clean and to check pollution;
- (c) the details of the criteria fixed to check air, water and soil pollution; and
- (d) the details of the efforts made/proposed to be made by the Government to check pollution in industrial areas?

## ANSWER

MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BHUPENDER YADAV)

- (a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

***

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARAS (a) to (d) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  No.  82  DUE  FOR  REPLY  ON  29.07.2024  REGARDING POLLUTION IN SMALLER CITIES BY SHRI CHANDRA PRAKASH JOSHI & SHRI RODMAL NAGAR, HON'BLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.

## (a) to (d):

1. The Government of India has launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) as a national level  strategy  to  reduce  air  pollution  levels  across  the  country.  Under  NCAP  City  Specific Action Plans are prepared covering all aspects of mitigation measures for the identified 131 non-attainment cities.

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has identified Non-attainment cities (NAC) based on ambient air  quality  data levels  exceeding  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards  with respect to any one of the notified parameters consecutively for five years. These 131 cities included 48 cities with population above 10 Lakhs, 43 cities with population between 3-10 lakhs  and  40  cities  with  population  below  3  lakhs  The  list  of  131  NACs  is  enclosed  in Annexure-I .

'PRANA'  -  Portal  for  Regulation  of  Air-pollution  in  Non-Attainment  cities,  has  been developed  as  a  portal  for  monitoring  implementation  of  National  Clean  Air  Programme (NCAP) and is available on www.prana.cpcb.gov.in. PRANA endeavours to track physical as well  as  financial  progress  of  cities  under  NCAP  and  disseminate  information  about  the programme to public. Comprehensive information related to NCAP such as programme details, implementation  updates  by  city/state/national  level  agencies,  air  quality  data  and  trends, support  from  multilateral  organizations,  reference  documents,  events,  best  practices  and citizen's corner, etc., are available in public domain of PRANA.

Steering, Monitoring and Implementation committees have been constituted at central, state and city level for overseeing implementation of NCAP. Air Quality Management Cells have been  constituted  in  ULBs  of  all  131  cities  for  ground  level  implementation  of  air  quality management measures. To attain the fixed targets under NCAP, performance based funds / grants are being released under NCAP/XVFC from FY 2019-20 to FY 2025-26. Further, steps taken by Govt. to improve the air quality are enclosed as Annexure-II .

2. Under Sub-section 2 (h) of Section 16 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) has been notified on November 18, 2009 as a policy guideline that regulates the effect of human activity on the environment. CPCB along with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) and Pollution Control Committees (PCC) are monitoring ambient air quality at 963 manual stations in 419 cities covering 28 States and 7  UTs  across  the  country  under  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Monitoring  Programme (NAMP).

Under National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP), three criteria pollutants i. e. Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), along with Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), PM2.5, Benzo(a)pyrene {B(a)P}, Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) are being monitored at selected locations.

Major Objectives of National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme:

-  To determine the status and trends of ambient air quality;
-  To ascertain whether the prescribed ambient air quality standards are violated;
-  To identify non-attainment cities with respect to national standards and;
-  To obtain the knowledge and understanding necessary for developing preventive and corrective measures.
3. Efforts / measures taken by the government for prevention and control of water pollution are given below:
-  Govt. of India enacted The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and various  provisions  under  The  Environment  (Protection)  Act,  1986  for  protection  of water bodies and The Central & State Pollution Control Boards are implementing the provisions of both The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & The Environment  (Protection)  Act,  1986  to  prevent  and  control  pollution  of  aquatic resources.
-  SPCBs/PCCs have been directed under Section 18(1) (b) of The Water (Prevention & Control  of  Pollution)  Act,  1974  vide  order  dated  21.04.2015  to  direct  concerned agencies in the State/UT to develop infrastructure for sewage treatment.
-  Government of India notified General discharge standards and industry specific effluent discharge standards under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 with an aim to prevent pollution in the water bodies.

Also, CPCB in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) in the States and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in Union Territories has established a National Water Quality  Monitoring  Network  (NWMP)  in  order  to  assess  status  of  water  quality  of  water resources and to facilitate for prevention and control of pollution in water bodies. Presently under NWMP water quality of aquatic resources is monitored at 4736 locations in the country in association with the SPCBs/PCCs. State-wise details of water quality monitoring network are provided in Annexure-III.

4. Cleaning/rejuvenation of rivers and lakes is an ongoing activity. It is the responsibility of the States/UTs and local bodies to ensure required treatment of sewage and industrial effluents to the prescribed norms before discharging into rivers and other water bodies, coastal waters or land to prevent and control of pollution therein. For conservation of rivers, Ministry  of Jal Shakti supplements efforts of the States/UTs by providing financial and technical assistance for abatement of pollution in identified stretches of rivers in the country through the Central Sector  Scheme  of  Namami  Gange  for  rivers  in  Ganga  basin  and  the  Centrally  Sponsored Scheme of National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) for other rivers.

Further, as per the Provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution), Act 1974, industrial units are required to install effluent treatment plants (ETPs)  and  treat  their  effluents  to  comply  with  stipulated  environmental  standards  before discharging into rivers and water bodies. Accordingly, CPCB, State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) monitor industries with respect to effluent discharge standards and take action for non-compliance under provisions of these Acts.

5. Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change has notified Solid Waste Management Rules on 8th April, 2016 under E(P) Act, 1986.Duties and responsibility of various agencies have been stipulated in the said rules for proper and scientific management of Solid Waste. These rules shall apply to every urban local body, outgrowths in urban agglomerations, census & towns. CPCB has prepared various guidelines under SWM Rules,2016:
- I. Guidelines for management of Sanitary Wastes
- II. Guidelines for disposal of legacy waste (Old Municipal Solid Waste)
- III. Guidelines  on  the  provision  of  buffer  zone  around  waste  processing  and  disposal facilities
- IV. Guidelines for carcass disposal
- V. Guidelines for disposal of cigarette/Bidi butts

CPCB, as mandated under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, coordinates with the SPCBs/PCCs regarding implementation of the Solid Wastes Management Rules. The received information from SPCBs /PCC is compiled and Annual report has been prepared by CPCB for FY 2021-22.

As  per  the  Annual  report  of  CPCB  2021-22  total  quantity  of  solid  waste  generated  in  the country is 1,70,338 TPD, waste collected is 1,56,449 TPD (92%), waste processed or treated is 91,511 TPD (54%) and 41,455 TPD (24%) of the generated wastes are disposed through sanitary landfills. The gap in solid waste management is estimated to be 37,386 TPD, which is 22% of the total waste generated. State wise details is given as Annexure IV.

Further, following Directions under Section 5 of the E(P) Act, 1986 has been issued by CPCB to all SPCBs/PCCs for Solid waste management.

- I. For  enforcement  of  Solid  Waste  Management  Rules,  2016  regarding  bio-mining  of legacy waste vide dated 27.1.2021
- II. For fire incidents at MSW dumpsites vide dated 26.5.2022
6. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change through amendments/notifications has introduced  market  based  Extended  Producer  Responsibility  (EPR)  regulations  for  five categories of wastes i.e. plastic  packaging (notified  on 16.02.2022), waste tyre (notified on 21.07.2022), battery waste (notified on 24.08.2022), e-waste (notified on 02.11.2022) and used oil (notified on 18.09.2023).

EPR is one of the important tools to create a sustainable ecosystem for the environmentally sound  management  of  waste  products  which  provides  additional  revenues  and  promotes integration of informal recycling sector. Through the EPR regulations, the producer, importer or brand owner (PIBOs) who introduces the product in the market becomes obligated under law for its  environmentally  sound management.  EPR  regulations  mandate  recycling/ refurbishing and use of recycled content. Recyclers sell EPR certificates to producers, enabling them to fulfil EPR targets.

Introduction  of  market  based  EPR  regulation  by  MoEFCC  since  2022  in  different  waste streams has  positively contributed to  growth  of recycling  sector.  So  far,  35,547  Producers, Importers and Brand Owners (PIBOs) and 2,391 recyclers under plastic packaging waste, 5088 producers and 217 recyclers under e-waste, 2512 producers and 198 recyclers under battery waste, 153 producers and 332 recyclers under waste tyres have been registered on EPR portals of respective waste streams. These EPR portals have facilitated the recycling and generation of EPR certificates for 63 lakh tons of plastic packaging waste, 2.9 lakh tons of metals from ewaste, 3 lakh tons of metals from battery waste, and 31.5 lakh tons of waste tyres during FY 2022-23 and 2023-24.

7. The following initiatives has been taken by the Government of India to check the industrial pollution in the country, including smaller cities:
- i. The  Ministry  of  Environment  Forest  and  Climate  Change  (MoEF&CC),  notified 'Standards  for  Emission  or  Discharge  of  Environmental  Pollutants  from  various Industries'  under  Schedule-I  of  Environment  Protection  Rules,  1986.  So  far,  79 industrial specific environmental standards have been notified. The industrial sectors, for  which  specific  standards  are  not  available,  general  standards  as  notified  under Schedule-VI of Environment Protection Rules, 1986 are applicable.
- ii. The SPCBs/PCCs issue consent to establish / consent to operate and authorization to the industries in the States. SPCBs / PCCs monitor the compliance of industrial effluent according to the prescribed norms. In case of non-compliance, action against industry is taken under provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the  Air  (Prevention  and  Control  of  Pollution)  Act,  1981  and  the  Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
- iii. CPCB has directed SPCBs / PCCs to inspect Red, Orange, and Green categories of industries  at  a  minimum  inspection  frequency  of  6  months,  1  year  and  2  years respectively  for  verification  of  compliance  of  environmental  norms.  In  addition, common  waste  management  /treatment  facilities  such  as  Sewage  Treatment  Plants (STPs),  Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment  Facility  (CBMWTFs)  etc.,  and  17  categories  of  high  pollution  potential industries are to be inspected on quarterly basis by SPCBs / PCCs.
- iv. Further,  CPCB  has  directed  all  17  categories  of  high  pollution  potential  industries, Grossly  Polluting  Industries  (GPIs)  of  Ganga  basin  and  common  waste  treatment facilities  to  install  Online  Continuous  Effluent  /  Emission  Monitoring  Systems (OCEMS) for strengthening monitoring mechanism and effective compliance through self-regulatory mechanism and constant vigil on pollution levels.  Real-time values of environmental pollutants of trade effluent and emissions generated through OCEMS are transmitted online to CPCB and concerned SPCB / PCC on 24x7 basis. Central software  processes  the  data  and  in  case  of  value  of  pollutant  parameter  exceeds prescribed  environmental  norms,  an  automatic  SMS  alert  is  generated  and  sent  to industrial  unit,  SPCB  and  CPCB,  so  that  corrective  measures  can  be  taken  by  the industry immediately and appropriate action can be taken by concerned SPCB/PCC/CPCB.

***

## List of 131 cities under NCAP

## List of Cities- Population above 10 Lakhs

|   S. No. | City/ Town     | S. No.   | City/ Town     |
|----------|----------------|----------|----------------|
|        1 | Delhi          | 30       | Ludhiana       |
|        2 | Thane          | 31       | Vishakhapatnam |
|        3 | Srinagar       | 32       | Vijayawada     |
|        4 | Howrah         | 33       | Surat          |
|        5 | Chandigarh     | 34       | Ahmedabad      |
|        6 | Bangalore      | 35       | Rajkot         |
|        7 | Ranchi         | 36       | Vadodara       |
|        8 | Jamshedpur     | 37       | Trichy         |
|        9 | Dhanbad        | 38       | Chennai        |
|       10 | Patna          | 39       | Madurai        |
|       11 | Gwalior        | 40       | Asansol        |
|       12 | Bhopal         | 41       | Kolkata        |
|       13 | Indore         | 42       | Faridabad      |
|       14 | Jabalpur       | 43       | Durg Bhilai    |
|       15 | Greater Mumbai | 44       | Raipur         |
|       16 | Aurangabad     | 45       | Jodhpur        |
|       17 | Nashik         | 46       | Jaipur         |
|       18 | Pune           | 47       | Kota           |
|       19 | Nagpur         | 48       | Navi Mumbai    |
|       20 | Vasai Virar    |          |                |
|       21 | Varanasi       |          |                |

## Annexure-I

|   22 | Allahabad   |
|------|-------------|
|   23 | Kanpur      |
|   24 | Lucknow     |
|   25 | Meerut      |
|   26 | Agra        |
|   27 | Ghaziabad   |
|   28 | Hyderabad   |
|   29 | Amritsar    |

## List of cities- Population from 3 to 10 Lakhs

|   S. No. | City/ Town    |   S. No. | City/ Town   |
|----------|---------------|----------|--------------|
|        1 | Bareily       |       24 | Kadapa       |
|        2 | Guwahati      |       25 | Anantapur    |
|        3 | Solapur       |       26 | Alwar        |
|        4 | Hubli-Dharwad |       27 | Chandrapur   |
|        5 | Moradabad     |       28 | Badlapur     |
|        6 | Bhubaneswar   |       29 | Patancheruvu |
|        7 | Jalandhar     |       30 | Barrackpore  |
|        8 | Gorakhpur     |       31 | Korba        |
|        9 | Guntur        |       32 | Jammu        |
|       10 | Cuttack       |       33 | Amravati     |
|       11 | Gulburga      |       34 | Noida        |
|       12 | Ujjain        |       35 | Firozabad    |
|       13 | Ulhasnagar    |       36 | Durgapur     |
|       14 | Sangli        |       37 | Dehradun     |

|   15 | Kurnool     | 38   | Nellore     |
|------|-------------|------|-------------|
|   16 | Udaipur     | 39   | Kolhapur    |
|   17 | Gaya        | 40   | Rourkela    |
|   18 | Jalgaon     | 41   | Jhansi      |
|   19 | Patiala     | 42   | Rajahmundry |
|   20 | Devanagere  | 43   | Sagar       |
|   21 | Akola       |      |             |
|   22 | Muzaffarpur |      |             |
|   23 | Latur       |      |             |

## List of cities- Population less than 3 Lakh

|   S. No. | City/ Town    |   S. No. | City/ Town          |
|----------|---------------|----------|---------------------|
|        1 | Kohima        |       21 | Dewas               |
|        2 | Gobindgarh    |       22 | Jalna               |
|        3 | Sangareddy    |       23 | Eluru               |
|        4 | Gajraula      |       24 | Vizianagaram        |
|        5 | Sibsagar      |       25 | Thoothukudi         |
|        6 | Kalinga Nagar |       26 | Ongole              |
|        7 | Naya Nangal   |       27 | Haldia              |
|        8 | Angul         |       28 | Raebareli           |
|        9 | Talcher       |       29 | Chitoor             |
|       10 | Baddi         |       30 | Silchar             |
|       11 | Nalbari       |       31 | Pathankot/Dera Baba |
|       12 | Dera Bassi    |       32 | Nalgonda            |
|       13 | Paonta Sahib  |       33 | Nagaon              |
|       14 | Sunder Nagar  |       34 | Srikakulam          |

|   15. | Anpara   |   35 | Balasore   |
|-------|----------|------|------------|
|    16 | Nalagarh |   36 | Khurja     |
|    17 | Parwanoo |   37 | Khanna     |
|    18 | Damtal   |   38 | Dimapur    |
|    19 | Byrnihat |   39 | Kashipur   |
|    20 | Kala Amb |   40 | Rishikesh  |

## Steps for management of air quality in the Country

## 1.0  National Clean Air Programme:

-  National  Clean  Air  Programme  (NCAP)  has  been  launched  by  Ministry  of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in January 2019 with an aim to improve air quality in 131 cities (non-attainment cities and Million Plus Cities) in 24 States by engaging all stakeholders.
-  NCAP envisages reduction by 20-30% in PM concentration over baseline in year 2017 by 2024. Target has been revised to achieve reduction in PM10 level up to 40% or achievement of national standards (60 µg/m 3 ) by 2025-26.
-  City  Action  Plans  (CAPs)  have  been  prepared  by  all  131  cities  and  being implemented by Urban Local Bodies.
-  The city specific clean air action plans target city specific air polluting sources like Soil & Road Dust, Vehicles, Domestic Fuel, MSW Burning, Construction Material and Industries.
-  Performance based financial support is being provided to these131 cities for implementation of activities of City Action Plan.
-  Further,  funding  for  implementation  of  CAPs  is  being  mobilised  through convergence of resources from various schemes of Central Government such as Swachh Bharat Mission SBM (Urban), Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Smart City Mission, Sustainable Alternative towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT), Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME-II), Nagar Van Yojna, etc. and resources from State/UT Governments and its agencies such as Municipal Corporation, Urban  Development  authorities  and Industrial  development authorities etc.
-  Public Grievance Redressal Portal (PGRP)/helpline have been developed by all 131 cities to address public complaints of air pollution in timely manner.
-  Emergency  Response  System  (ERS/  GRAP)  have  been  developed  by  all 131cities for taking action in air emergencies
-  Out of 131 identified cities, decrease in PM10 concentration has been observed in 95 cities during FY 2023-24 as compared to levels during FY 2017-18. Also, there  are  16  cities  (Gulburga,  Nalgonda,  Damtal,  Ongole,  Chittur,  Nellore, Kurnool, Dera Baba Nanak, Naya Nangal, Silchar, Parwanoo, Sunder Nagar, Sivasagar, Kadapa, Trichy, Tuticorin) that  are  meeting  National Ambient Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQS)  of  annual  average  PM10  concentration  i.e.  60 µg/m3.

## 2.0  Measures for control of vehicular emissions:

-  Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards since 1st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi and from 1 st  April, 2020 for the rest of the country.
-  Introduction of BS VI compliant vehicles across the country since April, 2020.
-  Department of Heavy Industry is providing subsidy on e-vehicles under Faster Adoption and Manufacture of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME -II India) scheme.
-  Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) has been launched  as  an  initiative  to  set  up  Compressed  Bio-Gas  (CBG)  production plants and make CBG available in the market for use in automotive fuels.
-  Installation of Vapour Recovery System (VRS) in new and existing petrol pumps selling gasoline >100kl per month in million plus cities and those selling >300kl per  month  in  cities  with  population  between  1  lakh  to  1  million  to  control vehicular refuelling emissions.
-  Environment  Compensation  Charges  introduced  for  commercial  vehicles entering Delhi in compliance of Hon'ble Supreme Court order
-  Operationalization of Eastern and Western Peripheral Expressways to divert non-destined traffic from entering Delhi
-  Directions  issued  by  CAQM  to  Government  of  NCT  of  Delhi  and  State Governments of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh for migration of public transport services, especially buses in NCR to cleaner modes. All state govt. bus  services  between  Delhi  and  any  city/town  in  the  states  of  Haryana, Rajasthan  and  Uttar  Pradesh  to  be  operated  only  through  EV  /CNG/BS-VI diesel w.e.f. 01.11.2023.
-  Ban  on  15-year-old  petrol  and  10-year-old  diesel  vehicles  as  per  Hon'ble Supreme Court and Hon'ble NGT orders.
-  Installation of VRS system at 3256 petrol pumps in Delhi-NCR in compliance with orders of Hon'ble Supreme Court and Hon'ble NGT.

## 3.0  Measures for control of industrial emission:

-  For  strengthening  monitoring  mechanism  and  effective  compliance  through self-regulatory mechanism, CPCB directed all 17 categories of highly polluting industries  to  install  OCEMS.  There  are  4,315  units  under  17  categories  of industries,  out  of  which  3,734  units  have  installed  OCEMS  and  closure directions are still in-force for 581 units.
-  The  Ministry  of  Environment  Forest  and  Climate  Change  (MoEF&CC), Government  of  India  notifies  industry  specific  discharge  standards  under Schedule-I: 'Standards for Emission or Discharge of Environmental Pollutants from various Industries' of Environment Protection Act, 1986. So far, industry specific environmental standards, for 79 industrial sectors (including emission standards  for  56  sectors)  have  been  notified.  Industrial  sectors,  for  which specific  standards  are  not  available,  general  standards  as  notified  under Schedule-VI of Environment Protection Rules, 1986 shall be applicable.
-  Ban  on  use  of  imported  pet  coke  in  the  country  since  July  26,  2018,  with exception for use in permitted processes.
-  CPCB has come out  with  System  and  Procedure  for  Emission  Compliance Testing  of  Retro-fit  Emission  Control  Devices  (RECD)  for  Diesel  Power Generating Set Engines up to Gross Mechanical Power 800 kW.
-  Installation of Online Continuous Emission Monitoring System (OCEMS) in red category air polluting industries in Delhi-NCR
-  Industrial units in Delhi have shifted to PNG/cleaner fuels and, operational units in NCR have shifted to PNG/Biomass.
-  Directions issued for conversion of brick kilns to zig-zag technology in Delhi and NCR.  A  total  of  3003  out  of  4608  brick  kilns  have  converted  to  zig-zag technology including 1762 kilns in Haryana, 1024 kilns in U.P. and 217 kilns in Rajasthan. Brick kilns not converted to zig-zag technology are not permitted to operate.
-  In  order  to  control  DG  set  emissions,  CPCB  is  also  funding  retrofitment/ upgradation of DG sets in Govt. hospitals in Delhi-NCR and guidelines have been issued in this regard.
-  Ban on use of pet coke and furnace oil as fuel in NCR States since October 24, 2017 with exception for use in permitted processes.
-  An  approved  fuel  list  is  in  force  in  Delhi-NCR  w.e.f.  01.01.2023.  Industries operating on only PNG or biomass are permitted in NCR, except for specific requirement of other fuels by specific industries owing to technical, technological and process requirements. Out of 7759 fuel based industries in NCR, 7449 have been shifted to approved fuels, with the balance 310 industries under closure.
-  Stringent PM emission norms for biomass based boilers have been prescribed for compliance in NCR.

## 4.0  Measures for control of emissions from Stubble Burning in Delhi-NCR:

-  MoA&FW in 2018 launched scheme for providing subsidy for purchase of crop residue management machinery and establishment of custom hiring centres (CHCs) in NCT of Delhi and the States of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Under  the  said  scheme,  financial  assistance  is  provided  to  the  farmers  for purchase of crop residue management machinery and establishment of custom hiring centres. 50% subsidy on the cost of crop residue management machinery is  provided  to  the  individual  farmers  and  80%  subsidy  is  provided  for establishment of Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs) of crop residue management machinery. During  2018-2024, total fund  released to  Delhi  and  other states under the said scheme is Rs. 3398.56 crores using which, over 2.7 lakh crop residue machineries have been delivered to individual farmers and CHCs, and over 39,000 CHCs have been established. Further, MoA&FW in 2023 revised guidelines under the scheme to support establishment of crop residue/paddy straw  supply  chain,  by  providing  financial  assistance  on  the  capital  cost  of

machinery  and  equipment  required  for  Establishment  of  crop  residue/paddy straw supply chain.

-  CAQM has issued directions permitting use of PNG or biomass as industrial fuel in NCR except Delhi where only PNG is permitted as industrial fuel. CAQM has also issued directions for co-firing of 5-10% biomass with coal in thermal power plants located within 300 kms of Delhi, and, in captive power plants of industrial units located in NCR.
-  Directions issued by CAQM to State governments of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to strictly and effectively implement revised action plan to eliminate and control stubble burning.
-  CPCB has framed guidelines  for  providing  one-time  financial  assistance  for setting up of paddy straw based pelletization and torrefaction plants which may help in addressing the supply chain issues and the issue of open burning of paddy straw in agriculture fields in Northern Region. A corpus of Rs. 50 crores have been earmarked for utilisation through the guidelines. Under this scheme, 06 plants (Mansa- 03, Patiala- 01, Hoshiarpur- 01, Amritsar- 01) are operational with cumulative capacity of 28 TPH.

## 5.0  Air Quality Monitoring and Network:

-  National Air  Quality Index (AQI) was launched in 2015. Information is being disseminated to public through daily air quality bulletins.
-  Ambient Air Quality Network: The country has a network of 1504 ambient air quality monitoring stations (541 continuous and 963 manual) covering 519 cities in 28 states and 7 UTs.
-  A  centralized  air  quality  monitoring  portal  is  operated  by  Central  Pollution Control  Board  wherein,  tracking  of  various  information  such  as  hourly  PM concentrations, Live Air Quality Data of Monitoring stations and Live Air Quality Index is being carried out.
-  Daily  AQI  Bulletin  is  published  on  CPCB  website  giving  AQI  information  for cities across India.

## 6.0  C&D Waste :

-  CPCB published following guidelines
1.  Environmental  Management  of  Construction  &  Demolition  (C  &  D) Wastes' in March, 2017
2.  'Guidelines  on  DUST  Mitigation  Measures  in  Handling  Construction Material & C&D Wastes' in November 2017.
3.  Disposal of legacy waste by bio-mining and bio-remediation to address open burning and landfill fires
-  CPCB has issued direction to all SPCBs/ PCCs for deployment of Anti-Smog Gun and implementation of adequate dust mitigation measures at construction projects/  sites  having  area  more  than  20,000  sq.  meters. CPCB  has  issued

guidelines/  mechanism  for  use  of  anti-smog  guns  in  Construction  and Demolition projects.

-  Directions issued to DPCC and NCR SPCBs to enforce installation of anti-smog guns and other dust control measures at C&D sites.
-  Directions issued for setting up of a 'Dust Control and Management Cell' by road owning/ maintaining/ construction agencies for monitoring and effective implementation of dust control measures in the NCR.
-  Online monitoring mechanism (through web portal) introduced for monitoring compliance of dust mitigation measures for construction sites.

## 7.0 Technical Interventions in Delhi-NCR:

-  Trial study of various new technologies for control of air pollution have been got conducted by CPCB out of which encouraging results were observed in case of Dust Suppressant for control of emissions at construction sites and road dust. Advisory have been issued for use of dust suppressant by road owning and construction agencies in Delhi-NCR.

## 8.0  Close Monitoring & Ground level implementation in Delhi-NCR:

-  40 teams have been deputed by CPCB since December 2021, to assist CAQM, for conducting incognito inspections of air polluting industries, C&D sites, DG sets in Delhi- NCR to check implementation status of pollution control measures and compliance of other provisions of the Air (P&CP) Act,1981. A total of 17824 units/ entities/ projects have been inspected as on June 14, 2024. Based on these inspections, CAQM has issued Closure Directions in 977 cases and out of these resumption orders have been issued in 774 cases while 111 cases are still  under  closure  and  cases  of  92  balance  units  have  been  transferred  to SPCBs / DPCC for final decision.
-  Another  15  teams  (other  than  the  33  teams  for  Punjab  and  Haryana)  were provided to CAQM as Flying Squads for carrying out incognito inspections of units/activities in various sectors contributing to air pollution such as Industrial activities, Construction and Demolition projects, Unpaved roads, DG Sets etc.

## 9.0  Regular Stakeholder Consultation, Public & Media Outreach:

-  CPCB has developed a mobile app i.e. SAMEER, where Real-time Ambient air quality data of various parameters including AQI is also given. Sameer app also facilitates the public in lodging of air pollution related complaints in NCR region and such complaints are assigned to various local agencies.
-  Dedicated  media  corner,  Twitter  and  Facebook  accounts  have  also  been created for public outreach.
-  Complaint redressal on SAMEER app and social media platforms is monitored and redressal status is shared with respective agencies.
-  Daily AQI status is shared on social media platforms. Various campaigns as well as informative posts related to air pollution, firecrackers, vehicular pollution, stubble burning, sustainable lifestyle, etc. are also posted regularly on social media platforms.
-  CPCB  issues  a  daily  report  comprising  of  AQI  of  Delhi  and  NCR  towns, comparative AQI status, year-wise trends of PM concentration, hotspots for the day, AFE counts, contribution of stubble burning and meteorological forecast. This report is prepared based on the inputs available from various sources such as IMD, SAFAR, IARI, etc., and disseminated through CPCB website.

## 10.0 Regulatory Actions in Delhi-NCR:

-  Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) was formulated for Delhi-NCR to tackle the issue of sudden rise in air pollution levels which was notified by MoEF&CC in January 2017 on recommendation  of CPCB  for implementation. A comprehensive review of actions listed under GRAP was carried out by CPCB in  2020  based  on  actions  taken  and  improvement  observed  in  air  quality in recent  years.  Based  on  the  inputs  given  by  CPCB,  the  revised  GRAP  was published by Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and adjoining areas  (CAQM)  and  further  directions  were  issued  for  its  implementation. Actions listed for different AQI levels under GRAP are invoked from time to time by a sub-committee constituted by CAQM, having CPCB as a member.
-  For air pollution abatement and control in Delhi / NCR, the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas has devised a comprehensive  policy  for  air  pollution  abatement  in  NCR  in  July  2022, stipulating sector-specific action points quantifying targets along with timelines and  implementation  plan  by  various  agencies  in  NCR  States.  The  policy framework details sector-wise interventions, quantified targets and timelines for various sectors contributing to air pollution.
-  Directions prescribing measures for control of pollution from various sources such  as  implementation  of  RECD  system/  dual  fuel  kits  in  DG  sets,  use  of cleaner  fuels  in  industries,  shift  to  EV/  CNG/  BS  VI  diesel  fuel  in  transport sector, implementation of dust control measures at C&D sites etc., have been issued  by  CAQM,  wherein  CPCB  is  also  a  member  and  provided  technical inputs  to  CAQM.  Further,  policy  to  curb  air  pollution  in  NCR  has  also  been formulated.
-  CPCB  on  November  03,  2023  issued  Directions  under  Section  5  of  the Environment  (Protection)  Act,  1986  to  Delhi-NCR  SPCBs/  PCCs  for  strict implementation of actions prescribed under stages of GRAP invoked from time to time, in view of the deteriorated air quality situation in Delhi-NCR.

## National Water Quality Monitoring Network

## Annexure - III

| States/UTs                            | Riv er   | Lak e   | Pond   | Tan k   | Wet land   | Res erv oir   | Canal   | Beac h   | Marin e   | Coasta l   | Creek   | Se a   | Drai n   | ST P   | Water treatm ent plant (raw water)   | Grou nd wate r   | gran d total   |
|---------------------------------------|----------|---------|--------|---------|------------|---------------|---------|----------|-----------|------------|---------|--------|----------|--------|--------------------------------------|------------------|----------------|
| Andhra Pradesh                        | 45       | 16      | -      | 3 21    | 5          | 5             |         | 9        | 7         | -          | 1       | 10     | 4        | 1      | -                                    | 33               | 160            |
| Arunachal Pradesh                     | 17       | -       | -      | -       | -          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    |                  | 17             |
| Assam                                 | 110      | 34      | 24     | -       | 2          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 67               | 237            |
| Bihar                                 | 95       | 3       | 2      | -       | -          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 70               | 170            |
| Chandigarh                            | -        | 1       | -      | -       | -          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | 3        | -      | -                                    | 7                | 11             |
| Chhattisgarh                          | 29       | -       | 1      | -       | -          | 1             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 8                | 39             |
| CPCB, Delhi                           | 14       | -       | -      | -       | -          | -             | 1       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 1                | 16             |
| Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 12       | -       | -      | -       | -          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 12               | 24             |
| Delhi                                 | 7        | 3       | -      | -       | -          | -             | 2       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | 26       | -      | 6                                    | 44               | 88             |
| Goa                                   | 32       | 44      | -      | -       | -          | 2             | 3       | 20       | -         | -          | 4       | -      | -        | 1      | -                                    | 9                | 115            |
| Gujarat                               | 60       | 17      | 2      | -       | 3          | 4             | 3       | -        | -         | -          | 3       | -      | -        | 2      | -                                    | 88               | 182            |
| Haryana                               | 12       | 4       | 1      | -       | 1          | -             | 14      | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | 1        | -      | 3                                    | 29               | 65             |
| Himachal Pradesh                      | 149      | 5       | 1      | -       | -          | 1             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | 32       | -      | -                                    | 55               | 243            |
| Jammu & Kashmir                       | 58       | 33      | -      | -       | 9          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | 1        | -      | -                                    | 23               | 124            |
| Jharkhand                             | 63       | 4       | 4      | -       | -          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 3                | 74             |
| Karnataka                             | 118      | 126     | 1      | 67      | -          | 6             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | 5      | -        | -      | -                                    | 2                | 325            |
| Kerala                                | 130      | 29      | 7      | -       | -          | -             | 3       | 3        | -         | -          | -       | 2      | 1        | 1      | -                                    | 35               | 211            |
| Ladakh                                | 4        | 3       | -      | -       | 1          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | 1        | -      | -                                    | -                | 9              |
| p                                     |          | -       | 3      | -       | -          | -             | -       | -        | -         | -          | -       | -      | -        | -      | -                                    | 42               | 45             |
| Lakshadwee                            | -        |         |        |         |            |               |         |          |           |            |         |        |          |        |                                      |                  |                |

<!-- image -->

| Madhya Pradesh   | 160   | 20   | 11   | 1   | -   | 8   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 54   |   254 |
|------------------|-------|------|------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|-------|
| Maharashtra      | 156   | 1    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 20  | 15  | 10  | -   | -   | 50   |   252 |
| Manipur          | 44    | 5    | 14   | -   | -   | -   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 10   |    75 |
| Meghalaya        | 64    | 7    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 13   |    84 |
| Mizoram          | 67    | 6    | 13   | -   | -   | 9   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 26   |   121 |
| Nagaland         | 16    | 2    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 10   |    28 |
| Odisha           | 135   | 7    | 8    | -   | -   | 1   | 9   | -   | 89  | -   | 1   | -   | 3   | 3   | -   | 90   |   346 |
| Puducherry       | 6     | 3    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 3   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 22   |    34 |
| Punjab           | 58    | 17   | 6    | -   | -   | -   | 2   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 10  | 8   | -   | 46   |   147 |
| Rajasthan        | 28    | 27   | 2    | -   | -   | 7   | 4   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 131  |   199 |
| RD_Bengalur u    | 7     | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |     7 |
| RD_Bhopal        | 4     | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |     4 |
| RD_Chandig arh   | 24    | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |    24 |
| RD_Kolkata       | 9     | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |     9 |
| RD_Lucknow       | 19    | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |    19 |
| RD_Pune          | 6     | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |     6 |
| RD_Shillong      | 5     | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |     5 |
| RD_Vadodar a     | 6     | -    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |     6 |
| Sikkim           | 28    | 2    | -    | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -    |    30 |
| Tamil Nadu       | 71    | 8    | -    | 1   | 13  | -   | 2   | 2   | -   | -   | 1   | 31  | 4   | 16  | -   | 22   |   171 |
| Telangana        | 49    | 100  | 29   | 30  | -   | 7   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 2   | 8   | -   | 48   |   273 |
| Tripura          | 38    | 8    | 10   | -   | -   | -   | 7   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 57   |   120 |
| Uttar Pradesh    | 108   | 7    | 2    | -   | 3   | 1   | 1   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 2   | 39   |   163 |
| Uttarakhand      | 36    | 2    | -    | -   | 1   | -   | 3   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 19   |    61 |
| West Bengal      | 56    | 14   | -    | -   | 2   | -   | 2   | -   | 1   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | -   | 68   |   143 |
| Grand Total      | 215 5 | 558  | 141  | 102 | 56  | 52  | 63  | 34  | 97  | 3   | 30  | 63  | 98  | 40  | 11  | 1233 |  4736 |

Annexure IV

Table 1: Overall Solid Waste Management Status:

|   Sl. No . | State               | Waste generate d (TPD)   | Waste Collected (TPD)        | Waste Processed / Treated   | Waste Landfilled (TPD)**   | Gap (TPD)   |
|------------|---------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------|-------------|
|          1 | Andhra Pradesh      | 6,890 6,890              |                              | (TPD)* 1,558                | Not provided 5,332         |             |
|          2 | Andaman and Nicobar | 79                       | 78                           | 74                          | 2                          | 2           |
|          3 | Arunachal Pradesh   | 228                      | 199                          | 9                           | Not provided               | 220         |
|          4 | Assam               | 1,589                    | 1,333                        | 575                         | 744                        | 271         |
|          5 | Bihar               | 4,975                    | Not provided                 | Not                         | Not                        | 4,975       |
|          6 | Chandigarh          | 540                      | 540                          | provided 83                 | provided 486               | 0           |
|          7 | Chhattisgarh        | 1,820                    | 1,820                        | 1,790                       | 30                         | 0           |
|          8 | DNH&DD              | 267                      | 267                          | 246                         | 21                         | 0           |
|          9 | Delhi               | 11,108                   | 11,108                       | 5,280                       | 5,828                      | 0           |
|         10 | Goa                 | 211                      | 207                          | 197                         | 10                         | 4           |
|         11 | Gujarat             | 10,095                   | 10,095                       | 8,682                       | 1,003                      | 410         |
|         12 | Haryana             | 8,766                    | 6,691                        | 4,297                       | 2,218                      | 2,250       |
|         13 | Himachal Pradesh    | 383                      | 349                          | 269                         | 80                         | 34          |
|         14 | Jammu & Kashmir     | 1,550                    | 1,540                        | 606                         | 390                        | 554         |
|         15 | Jharkhand           | 2,404                    | 1,969                        | 843                         | 930                        | 631         |
|         16 | Karnataka           | 13,034                   | 11,655                       | 5,440                       | 4,198                      | 3,396       |
|         17 | Kerala              | 3,472                    | 1,283 and 1,048 decentralize | 2,691                       | -                          | 781         |
|         18 | Ladakh              | d 52                     | processing 42                | 20                          | 15                         | 17          |
|         19 | Lakshadwee          | 18                       | 18                           | 18                          | 0                          | 0           |
|         20 | Madhya Pradesh      | 7,115                    | 6,132                        | 6,059                       | 76                         | 980         |
|         21 | Maharashtra         | 23,531                   | 23,044                       | 19,980                      | 2,067                      | 1,484       |
|         22 | Manipur             | 282                      | 199                          | 133                         | 66                         | 83          |
|         23 | Meghalaya           | 165                      | 137                          | 27                          | 119                        | 19          |

| Sl. No .    | State   | Waste generate d (TPD)   | Waste Collected (TPD)   | Waste Processed / Treated   | Waste Landfilled (TPD)**   | Gap (TPD)   |
|-------------|---------|--------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------|-------------|
| Mizoram     | 374     | 313                      | (TPD)* 234              | 8                           | 132                        | 24          |
| Nagaland    | 664     | 306                      | 116                     | 299                         | 248                        | 25          |
| Odisha      | 2,103   | 2,020                    | 1,356                   | 738                         | 9                          | 26          |
| Puducherry  | 383     | 383                      | 58                      | 325                         | 0                          | 27          |
| Punjab      | 4,222   | 4,207                    | 1,471                   | 2,736                       | 0                          | 28          |
| Rajasthan   | 7,973   | 7,859                    | 1,926                   | 5,525                       | 522                        | 29          |
| Sikkim      | 66      | 66                       | 18                      | 48                          | 0                          | 30          |
| Tamil Nadu  | 14,586  | 14,471                   | 7,206                   | 6,776                       | 604                        | 31          |
| Telangana   | 11,057  | 11,057                   | 8,611                   | 1,011                       | 1,435                      | 32          |
| Tripura     | 333     | 322                      | 220                     | 15                          | 98                         | 33          |
| Uttar       | 14,710  | 14,710                   | 7,321                   | 4,389                       | 3,000                      | 34          |
| Uttarakhand | 1,585   | 1,452                    | 1,050                   | 115                         | 420                        | 35          |
| West Bengal | 13,709  | 13,687                   | 3,047                   | 1,187                       | 9,475                      | 36          |
| TOTAL       | TOTAL   | 1,70,338                 | 1,56,449                | 91,511                      | 41,455                     | 37,386      |

* Includes information only on processing and treatment of waste. Disposal through sanitary landfill is not included in the column. ** Includes information on disposal of waste through sanitary landfill only; does not include disposal of waste in dumpsites.

*****