Lok Sabha Question No. 2379 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-08-04
Subject: Loans Written-off by PSBs
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Dr. Alok Kumar Suman, Smt. Jyotsna Charandas Mahant, Shri Benny Behanan, Shri K Sudhakaran

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- 2379

ANSWERED ON MONDAY, AUGUST 4, 2025/ SRAVANA 13, 1947 (SAKA)

## LOANS WRITTEN-OFF BY PSBs

2379. SMT. JYOTSNA CHARANDAS MAHANT: SHRI K SUDHAKARAN: DR. ALOK KUMAR SUMAN: SHRI BENNY BEHANAN:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:-

- (a) the total amount of loans written off by each public sector bank during the last five years, disaggregated by borrower category (corporate, MSME, agriculture, retail, etc.) year-wise and bank-wise including State Bank of India (SBI);
- (b) whether it is fact that largest amount of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are waive off by the SBI and if so, the details thereof;
- (c)  the  number  of  wilful  defaulters  among  the  amount  written  off  by  public  sector  banks during the above period and the total outstanding amount due to such defaulters as on date along with the measures taken by the Government to reduce the amount of NPA;
- (d) the number of loan accounts having outstanding amount more than Rs. 1 crore and more than Rs. 3 crore, written off by public sector banks during the above period, year-wise; and
- (e) whether the PSBs including SBI waived off loans for farmers and small businessmen and if  so,  the  details  thereof  along  with  the  number of wilful defaults started in the Covid and Post-Covid period?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE

## (SHRI PANKAJ CHAUDHARY)

- (a)  to  (e):  The  Reserve  Bank  of  India  (RBI)  has  apprised  that  information  regarding  nonperforming assets (NPAs) writtenoff in respect of category 'corporate' is not maintained by it. However, as per RBI data, the information on writeoffs in category 'Large Industries and Services' is collected by RBI.

Therefore,  bank-wise,  year-wise  and  category-wise  details  of  loans  written-off  by  PSBs  for domestic operations, for categories Agriculture and Allied Activities, MSME (Micro, Small, Medium  Enterprises),  Large -Industry  &  Services  and  Retail  loans,  during  the  last  five financial years are at Annex-1 .

As per the inputs received from the Public Sector Banks (PSBs), including SBI, banks have not waived-off loans given to the borrowers.

Banks  write-off  NPAs,  including, inter-alia ,  those  in  respect  of  which  full  provisioning  has been made on com pletion of four years, as per RBI guidelines and policy approved by banks' Boards. Such write-off does not result in waiver of liabilities of borrowers and therefore, it does not benefit the borrower. The borrowers continue to be liable for repayment and banks continue to pursue recovery actions initiated in these accounts.

Further,  recovery  in  written-off  loans  is  an  ongoing  process  and  banks  continue  pursuing their  recovery  actions  initiated  against  borrowers  under  the  various  recovery  mechanism available  to  them,  such  as  filing  of  a  suit  in  Civil  Courts  or  in  Debts  Recovery  Tribunals, action under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security  Interest  Act,  filing  of  cases  in  the  National  Company  Law  Tribunal  under  the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, etc.

RBI  has  apprised  that  the  number  of  wilful  defaulters  among  the  amount  written  off  by PSBs,  is  not  maintained  by  it.  However,  as  per  RBI  data  on  wilful  defaulters  (excluding overseas borrowers) reported by PSBs in Central Repository of Information on Large Credits (CRILC), the details of unique borrowers classified as wilful defaulters are as under.

| As on      | Number of Unique Borrowers classified as Wilful Defaulter   | Aggregate loan outstanding (in crore Rs.)   |
|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| 31-03-2022 | 2,280                                                       | 2,05,461                                    |
| 31-03-2023 | 2,120                                                       | 1,85,773                                    |
| 31-03-2024 | 2,153                                                       | 1,85,483                                    |
| 31-03-2025 | 2,101                                                       | 1,78,766                                    |
| 30-06-2025 | 2,104                                                       | 1,76,693                                    |

Source: RBI

Comprehensive  measures  have  been  taken  by  the  Government  and  RBI  to  recover  and reduce NPAs, enabled by which gross NPAs of PSBs have been declining during the last five financial years as shown below.

Amount in crore Rs.

| As on      | Gross NPAs   |   Gross NPA Ratio (%) |
|------------|--------------|-----------------------|
| 31.03.2021 | 6,16,616     |                  9.11 |
| 31.03.2022 | 5,40,958     |                  7.28 |
| 31.03.2023 | 4,28,197     |                  4.97 |
| 31.03.2024 | 3,39,541     |                  3.47 |
| 31.03.2025 | 2,83,650     |                  2.58 |

Source: RBI (provisional data for FY 2024-25)

Measures taken include, inter alia , the following:

- (1) Change in credit culture has been effected, with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) fundamentally changing the creditor-borrower relationship, taking away control of  the  defaulting  company  from  promoters/owners,  and  debarring  wilful  defaulters from the resolution process. To make the process more stringent, personal guarantor to corporate debtor has also been brought under the ambit of IBC.
- (2) The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 and the Recovery of Debt and Bankruptcy Act have been amended to make it more effective.
- (3) Pecuniary jurisdiction  of Debt  Recovery Tribunal (DRTs) was increased from Rs. 10 lakhs  to  Rs.  20  lakhs  to  enable  the  DRTs  to  focus  on  high  value  cases  resulting  in higher recovery for the banks and financial institutions.
- (4) Public Sector Banks have set-up specialized stressed assets management verticals and branches  for  effective  monitoring  and  focused  follow-up  of  NPA  accounts,  which facilitates  quicker  and  improved  resolution/  recoveries.  Deployment  of  Business correspondents and adoption of Feet-on-street model have also boosted the recovery trajectory of NPAs in banks.
- (5) Prudential Framework for resolution of stressed assets was issued by RBI to provide a framework for early recognition, reporting and time bound resolution of stressed assets, with a build-in incentive to lenders for early adoption of a resolution plan.

As  per  PSBs  inputs,  year-wise  number  of  loan  accounts  written-off  by  PSBs,  each  having outstanding amount of more than Rs. 1 crore and more than Rs. 3 crore, during the last five financial years, are at Annex-2 .

*****

## Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 2379, regarding Loans Written-off by PSBs Bank-wise, year-wise and category-wise NPAs written-off by PSBs

(Amounts in crore Rs.)

|                       | FY 2020-21            | FY 2020-21      | FY 2020-21   | FY 2020-21   | FY 2020-21      | FY 2020-21   | FY 2020-21   | FY 2020-21   |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Bank                  | Agriculture           | Industry        | Industry     | Industry     | Services        | Services     | Services     | Retail Loans |
|                       | and Allied Activities | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        |              |
| Bank of Baroda        | 108                   | 428             | 121          | 7,171        | 0               | 0            | 102          | 63           |
| Bank of India         | 643                   | 472             | 156          | 4,369        | 894             | 111          | 1,521        | 141          |
| Bank of Maharashtra   | 178                   | 31              | -            | 2,610        | 79              | 0            | 1,805        | 165          |
| Canara Bank           | 968                   | 252             | 251          | 2,498        | 10              | -            | 532          | 97           |
| Central Bank of India | 199                   | 46              | 1            | 4,115        | 71              | 26           | 1,483        | 51           |
| Indian Bank           | 635                   | 101             | 15           | 6,425        | 148             | 1            | 965          | 81           |
| Indian Overseas Bank  | 293                   | 66              | 13           | 3,073        | 34              | 6            | 778          | 58           |
| Punjab and Sind Bank  | 71                    | -               | -            | -            | -               | -            | -            | -            |
| Punjab National Bank  | 10                    | 4               | 0            | 14,411       | 539             | 206          | 103          | 1            |
| State Bank of India   | 3,581                 | 147             | 126          | 18,226       | 5,218           | 512          | 4,720        | 1,447        |
| UCO Bank              | 497                   | 303             | 53           | 5,181        | 243             | 3            | 151          | 570          |
| Union Bank of India   | 3,726                 | 708             | 311          | 5,229        | 247             | 217          | 5,172        | 740          |

(Amounts in crore Rs.)

|                       | FY 2021-22                        | FY 2021-22      | FY 2021-22   | FY 2021-22   | FY 2021-22      | FY 2021-22   | FY 2021-22   | FY 2021-22   |
|-----------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Bank                  |                                   | Industry        | Industry     | Industry     | Services        | Services     | Services     | Retail       |
|                       | Agriculture and Allied Activities | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Loans        |
| Bank of Baroda        | 446                               | 318             | 36           | 5,005        | 5,309           | 20           | 3,595        | 21           |
| Bank of India         | 571                               | 472             | 0            | 1,950        | 521             | 0            | 3,798        | 109          |
| Bank of Maharashtra   | 599                               | 527             | 54           | 158          | 828             | 47           | 440          | 380          |
| Canara Bank           | 278                               | 36              | 74           | 165          |                 | 51           | 259          | 86           |
| Central Bank of India | 212                               | 80              | 11           | 201          | 62              | 3            | 604          | 64           |
| Indian Bank           | 177                               | 925             | 597          | 2,480        | 422             | 567          | 360          | 1,037        |
| Indian Overseas Bank  | 219                               | 105             | 21           | 1,884        | 151             | -            | 390          | 801          |
| Punjab and Sind Bank  | 84                                | 4               | -            | 602          | 2               | -            | 16           | 17           |
| Punjab National Bank  | 342                               | 661             | 80           | 8,199        | 489             | 86           | 2,313        | 283          |
| State Bank of India   | 2,749                             | 2,410           | 409          | 4,781        | 1,878           | 41           | 5,591        | 1,300        |
| UCO Bank              | 661                               | 154             | 16           | 901          | 311             | 12           | 80           | 147          |
| Union Bank of India   | 2,366                             | 1,100           | 304          | 7,493        | 292             | 739          | 6,279        | 232          |

(Amounts in crore Rs.)

|                       | FY 2022-23            | FY 2022-23      | FY 2022-23   | FY 2022-23   | FY 2022-23      | FY 2022-23   | FY 2022-23   | FY 2022-23   |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Bank                  | Agriculture           | Industry        | Industry     | Industry     | Services        | Services     | Services     | Retail       |
|                       | and Allied Activities | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Loans        |
| Bank of Baroda        | 1,139                 | 1,118           | 429          | 4,616        | 849             | 345          | 4,017        | 396          |
| Bank of India         | 866                   | 645             | 36           | 2,168        | 377             | 7            | 1,111        | 115          |
| Bank of Maharashtra   | 597                   | 137             | 0            | 354          | 196             | 66           | -            | 141          |
| Canara Bank           | 2,525                 | 997             | 71           | 153          | 80              | 1            | 8,482        | 109          |
| Central Bank of India | 1,273                 | 700             | 225          | 5,622        | 568             | 181          | 952          | 738          |
| Indian Bank           | 688                   | 117             | 58           | 3,370        | 223             | 41           | 2,942        | 512          |
| Indian Overseas Bank  | 372                   | 372             | 20           | 1,881        | 41              | -            | 91           | 454          |
| Punjab and Sind Bank  | 48                    | 94              | 9            | 634          | 226             | 5            | 1,008        | 258          |
| Punjab National Bank  | 1,478                 | 955             | 53           | 7,495        | 1,331           | 12           | 4,384        | 154          |
| State Bank of India   | 4,777                 | 1,058           | 153          | 9,372        | 2,542           | 191          | 3,885        | 1,868        |
| UCO Bank              | 478                   | 68              | 0            | 486          | 210             | 23           | -            | 193          |
| Union Bank of India   | 1,310                 | 1,755           | 1,159        | 8,390        | 3,174           | 1,559        | 693          | 207          |

Source: RBI, domestic operations

## Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 2379, regarding Loans Written-off by PSBs Bank-wise, year-wise and category-wise NPAs written-off by PSBs

(Amounts in crore Rs.)

|                       | FY 2023-24            | FY 2023-24      | FY 2023-24   | FY 2023-24   | FY 2023-24      | FY 2023-24   | FY 2023-24   | FY 2023-24   |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Bank                  | Agriculture           | Industry        | Industry     | Industry     | Services        | Services     | Services     | Retail Loans |
|                       | and Allied Activities | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        |              |
| Bank of Baroda        | 3,056                 | 253             | 141          | 2,407        | 305             | 69           | 842          | 661          |
| Bank of India         | 17                    | 757             | 71           | 2,371        | 1,289           | 6            | 2,000        | 186          |
| Bank of Maharashtra   | 161                   | 110             | 0            | 21           | 314             | 6            | 300          | 69           |
| Canara Bank           | 351                   | 266             | 570          | 2,899        | 2,405           | 101          | 2,795        | 652          |
| Central Bank of India | 1,866                 | 418             | 45           | 2,799        | 933             | 108          | 3,051        | 781          |
| Indian Bank           | 1,486                 | 646             | 572          | 3,135        | 687             | 176          | 448          | 1,311        |
| Indian Overseas Bank  | 692                   | 451             | 167          | 3,350        | 21              | -            | 1,111        | 1,186        |
| Punjab and Sind Bank  | -                     | -               | -            | 211          | -               | -            | 585          | -            |
| Punjab National Bank  | 2,166                 | 1,438           | 36           | 10,084       | 794             | 151          | 1,821        | 191          |
| State Bank of India   | 4,575                 | 246             | 57           | 4,725        | 572             | 152          | 3,130        | 1,945        |
| UCO Bank              | 282                   | 17              | -            | 616          | 11              | -            | 189          | 156          |
| Union Bank of India   | 4,250                 | 1,178           | 235          | 5,478        | 1,743           | 479          | 3,994        | 901          |

(Amounts in crore Rs.)

|                       | FY 2024-25            | FY 2024-25      | FY 2024-25   | FY 2024-25   | FY 2024-25      | FY 2024-25   | FY 2024-25   | FY 2024-25   |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Bank                  | Agriculture           | Industry        | Industry     | Industry     | Services        | Services     | Services     | Retail Loans |
|                       | and Allied Activities | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        | Micro and Small | Medium       | Large        |              |
| Bank of Baroda        | 671                   | 552             | 342          | 575          | 618             | 81           | 1,552        | 52           |
| Bank of India         | 1,270                 | 742             | 232          | 2,042        | 1,808           | 6            | 1,179        | 586          |
| Bank of Maharashtra   | 288                   | 74              | 4            | 15           | 301             | 20           | 24           | 69           |
| Canara Bank           | 610                   | 1,755           | 442          | 3,950        | 2,967           | 372          | 1,585        | 357          |
| Central Bank of India | 135                   | 110             | 27           | 646          | 153             | 4            | 2,209        | 86           |
| Indian Bank           | 1,458                 | 422             | 49           | 1,028        | 1,036           | 0            | 289          | 635          |
| Indian Overseas Bank  | 303                   | 320             | 48           | 14           | 461             | 47           | 2,330        | 240          |
| Punjab and Sind Bank  | 0                     | 70              | 10           | 483          | 111             | 14           | 540          | 294          |
| Punjab National Bank  | 1,558                 | 163             | 36           | 4,213        | 786             | 44           | 1,280        | 1,749        |
| State Bank of India   | 4,174                 | 390             | 124          | 7,108        | 1,104           | 34           | 4,384        | 2,788        |
| UCO Bank              | 187                   | 64              | 33           | 192          | 419             | 1            | 121          | 224          |
| Union Bank of India   | 2,364                 | 1,421           | 534          | 3,037        | 1,050           | 359          | 881          | 1,113        |

Source: RBI, domestic operations

* RBI provisional data for FY 2024-25

*****

## Annex-2 Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 2379, regarding Loans Written-off by PSBs Number of written-off loan accounts by PSBs, each having outstanding amount

## of more than Rs. 1 crore and more than Rs. 3 crore

*****

(Amounts in crore Rs.)

|      |                       | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   | Number of written-off loan accounts each having outstanding amount   |
|------|-----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
|      |                       | FY 2020-21                                                           | FY 2020-21                                                           | FY 2021-22                                                           | FY 2021-22                                                           | FY 2022-23                                                           | FY 2022-23                                                           | FY 2023-24                                                           | FY 2023-24                                                           | FY 2024-25                                                           | FY 2024-25                                                           |
| S.N. | Bank                  | more than Rs. 1 crore                                                | more than Rs. 3 crore                                                | more than Rs. 1 crore                                                | more than Rs. 3 crore                                                | more than Rs. 1 crore                                                | more than Rs. 3 crore                                                | more than Rs. 1 crore                                                | more than Rs. 3 crore                                                | more than Rs. 1 crore                                                | more than Rs. 3 crore                                                |
| 1    | Bank of Baroda        | 168                                                                  | 120                                                                  | 254                                                                  | 201                                                                  | 512                                                                  | 441                                                                  | 642                                                                  | 283                                                                  | 240                                                                  | 188                                                                  |
| 2    | Bank of India         | 84                                                                   | 44                                                                   | 165                                                                  | 78                                                                   | 135                                                                  | 74                                                                   | 137                                                                  | 79                                                                   | 104                                                                  | 47                                                                   |
| 3    | Bank of Maharashtra   | 69                                                                   | 52                                                                   | 432                                                                  | 159                                                                  | 256                                                                  | 102                                                                  | 360                                                                  | 90                                                                   | 374                                                                  | 123                                                                  |
| 4    | Canara Bank           | 209                                                                  | 136                                                                  | 154                                                                  | 124                                                                  | 288                                                                  | 226                                                                  | 269                                                                  | 223                                                                  | 370                                                                  | 276                                                                  |
| 5    | Central Bank of India | 182                                                                  | 124                                                                  | 132                                                                  | 57                                                                   | 326                                                                  | 240                                                                  | 207                                                                  | 199                                                                  | 105                                                                  | 56                                                                   |
| 6    | Indian Bank           | 88                                                                   | 80                                                                   | 127                                                                  | 107                                                                  | 180                                                                  | 137                                                                  | 624                                                                  | 289                                                                  | 79                                                                   | 50                                                                   |
| 7    | Indian Overseas Bank  | 77                                                                   | 49                                                                   | 74                                                                   | 48                                                                   | 74                                                                   | 49                                                                   | 201                                                                  | 126                                                                  | 82                                                                   | 28                                                                   |
| 8    | Punjab and Sind Bank  | 0                                                                    | 0                                                                    | 24                                                                   | 21                                                                   | 118                                                                  | 52                                                                   | 14                                                                   | 14                                                                   | 39                                                                   | 34                                                                   |
| 9    | Punjab National Bank  | 28                                                                   | 13                                                                   | 87                                                                   | 68                                                                   | 1,964                                                                | 774                                                                  | 1,817                                                                | 656                                                                  | 1,456                                                                | 624                                                                  |
| 10   | State Bank of India   | 1,014                                                                | 649                                                                  | 586                                                                  | 378                                                                  | 512                                                                  | 339                                                                  | 407                                                                  | 250                                                                  | 420                                                                  | 216                                                                  |
| 11   | UCO Bank              | 228                                                                  | 136                                                                  | 190                                                                  | 79                                                                   | 79                                                                   | 46                                                                   | 63                                                                   | 43                                                                   | 128                                                                  | 38                                                                   |
| 12   | Union Bank of India   | 132                                                                  | 108                                                                  | 296                                                                  | 197                                                                  | 397                                                                  | 312                                                                  | 1,609                                                                | 827                                                                  | 434                                                                  | 235                                                                  |

Source: Banks