Lok Sabha Question No. 1328 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-30
Subject: Doubling the Income of Farmers
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Shri Pradeep Purohit, Shri Dharmendra Yadav, Smt. Geniben Nagaji Thakor, Smt. Mala Roy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1328

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 30 TH  JULY, 2024

## DOUBLING THE INCOME OF FARMERS

1328.   SHRI PRADEEP PUROHIT:

SHRI DHARMENDRA YADAV:

SMT. GENIBEN NAGAJI THAKOR:

SMT. MALA ROY:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ͪष और ͩकसान कãयाण मंğी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is determined or has set any target to double the income of farmers;
- (b) if so, the steps taken to realize this and the outcome thereof;
- (c) whether the said target has been achieved, if so, the year-wise details thereof and if not, the steps taken by the Government to achieve the same;
- (d)  the  States  which  have  achieved  the  target  of  doubling  the  income  of  farmers  or  are close to achieving it;

the

- (e)  whether  the  income  of  farmers  can  be  doubled  as  per  the  recommendations  of  the Swaminathan Committee and if so, the reasons for not implementing recommendations of the said committee;
- (f)  the  details  of  the  action  taken  by  the  Government  so  far  to  fulfill  the  demands  of farmers; and
- (g)  the  details  of  technical  assistance  being  provided  to  farmers  to  increase  their  crop yield?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR  AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

क ृ िष एवं िकसान कʞाण राǛ मंũी

(SHRI RAMNATH THAKUR)

(a) to (g):

Government had constituted an Inter-Ministerial Committee in April, 2016 to

examine issues relating to 'Doubling of Farmers Income (DFI)' and recommend strategies to  achieve  the  same.    The  Committee  submitted  its  final  report  to  the  Government  in September, 2018 containing the recommendations for doubling of farmers' income through various  policies,  reforms  &  programmes.    To  achieve  the  objective,  the  Committee identified following seven sources of income growth: -

- i. Increase in crop productivity
- ii. Increase in livestock productivity
- iii. Resource use efficiency - reduction in cost of production
- iv. Increase in cropping intensity
- v. Diversification to high value agriculture
- vi. Remunerative prices on farmers' produce
- vii. Shift of surplus manpower from farm to non-farm occupations

Agriculture being  a  State  Subject,  the  State  Governments  take  appropriate measures  for  development  of  agriculture  in  the  State.  However,  Government  of  India supplements the efforts of States through appropriate policy measures, budgetary support and various schemes/ programmes. The various schemes/ programmes of the Government  of  India  are  meant  for  the  welfare  of  farmers  by  increasing  production, remunerative returns  and  income support to  farmers. The Government has substantially enhanced  the  budget  allocation  of  Ministry  of  Agriculture  &  Farmers  Welfare  from  Rs. 27,662.67 crore BE during 2013-14 to Rs. 1,25,035.79 crore BE during 2023-24.

Enhanced budgetary provisions have been made to facilitate the below mentioned efforts of the Government. The various schemes/ programmes of the Government of India are meant for the welfare of farmers by increasing production, remunerative returns and income support to farmers, which include:

- i. Income support to farmers through PM KISAN
- ii. Pradhan Mantri Fasal BimaYojana (PMFBY)
- iii. Institutional credit for agriculture sector
- iv. Fixing of Minimum Support Price (MSP) at one-and-a half times the cost of production
- v. Promotion of organic farming in the country
- vi.  Per Drop More Crop
- vii.   Micro Irrigation Fund
- viii.  Promotion of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)
- ix.   National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM)
- x. Agricultural Mechanization
- xi.   Namo Drone Didi
- xii.  Providing Soil Health Cards to farmers
- xiii.  Setting up of National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) extension Platform
- xiv. Launch of the National Mission for Edible Oils - Oil Palm (NMEO-OP)
- xv.  Agri Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
- xvi. Improvement in farm produce logistics, Introduction of Kisan Rail.
- xvii.  Mission  for  Integrated  Development  of  Horticulture ( MIDH)  -  Cluster  Development Programme:
- xviii. Creation of a Start-up Eco system in agriculture and allied sector
- xix. Achievement in Export of Agri and Allied Agri- Commodities

Implementation  of  various  schemes  has  yielded  remarkable  results  towards augmenting the income of the farmers. As part of the 'Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav', Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has released a book, which contains compilation of  success  stories  of  75,000  farmers  out  of  innumerable  successful  farmers  who  have increased  their  income  more  than  two  times.  The  benefit  accruing  form  the  above schemes are annexed.

The Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) is carried out by the National Statistical Organization  (NSO)  at  certain  intervals.  The  last  available  estimates  on  income  of agricultural  household  are  based  on  the  Situation  Assessment  Survey  of  Agricultural Households  conducted  by  National  Sample  Survey  Office  (NSSO)  during  77th  round (January - December 2019).  As per the survey, estimated average monthly income per agricultural household as obtained from NSS 70th round (2012-13) and NSS 77th round (2018-19) are given in Table below:

| Table: Average monthly income (Rs.) per agricultural household (considering paid out expenses only) during 2012-13 and 2018-19 all-India level   | Table: Average monthly income (Rs.) per agricultural household (considering paid out expenses only) during 2012-13 and 2018-19 all-India level   | Table: Average monthly income (Rs.) per agricultural household (considering paid out expenses only) during 2012-13 and 2018-19 all-India level   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Level                                                                                                                                            | 70th round (January-December 2013)                                                                                                               | 77th round (January- December 2019)                                                                                                              |
| (1)                                                                                                                                              | (2)                                                                                                                                              | (3)                                                                                                                                              |
| All-India                                                                                                                                        | 6,426                                                                                                                                            | 10,218                                                                                                                                           |

## 1.     Income support to farmers through PM KISAN

Launch of PM-KISAN in 2019 -an income support scheme providing Rs. 6000 per year in 3 equal installments. More than Rs. 3.24 lakh crore has been released so far to more than 11 crore farmers as of now.

## 2.   Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)

Eight  year (Provisional) - PMFBY was launched in 2016 addressing problems of high premium rates for farmers and reduction in sum insured due to capping. In past 8 Years  of  implementation  -  62.60  crore  farmer  applications  enrolled  and  over  17.80 crore (Provisional) farmer applicants have received claims of over Rs. 1,60,838 crore. During  this  period  nearly  Rs.32,280  crore  were  paid  by  farmers  as  their  share  of premium against which claims over Rs.1,60,838 crore (Provisional) have been paid to them. Thus for every 100 rupees of premium paid by farmers, they have received about Rs. 498  as claims.

DigiClaim -  For  transparency  in  calculation  and  payment  of  claims,  Claim  Payment Module for payment of claims directly to  the farmer's  account through National  Crop Insurance Portal (NCIP) using PFMS platform has been launched for implementation from  Kharif    2022  season  claims  onwards.  All  the  claims  are  now  been  paid  by insurance companies directly to farmers through Digiclaim.

SARTHI Sandbox for Agricultural & Rural Security, Technology & Insurance : It is  an innovative stride conceived by the Government.  Its primary goal is to augment the  financial  resilience  of  farming  community  against  multifaceted  Environmental, Social  and  Governance  (ESG)  risks  they  encounter.    This  pioneering  platform  goes beyond  traditional  crop insurance, aiming  to  provide  a  comprehensive  suite  of insurance products tailored mainly for farmers and rural India.

KRPH -Krishi Rakshak Portal and Helpline has  been launched to create efficient grievance redressal mechanism for farmers under PMFBY.  A dedicated Centralized Toll  Free  Number  14447    has  been  launched  to  facilitate  query  resolution  and grievance  redressal  at  national  level.    On  registration  of  complaint,  a  unique  ticket number  is  created,  through  which  complainant  can  track  the  progress  of  their complaint.    Grievance  is  required  to  be  resolved  within  stipulated  time  frame.    It  will also help the State and Central Government to monitor the grievances.

## 3.    Institutional credit for agriculture sector

-  Institutional credit target to Agriculture has increased more than 2.5 times since 2014-15 from ₹   8 lakh crores to ₹  20 lakh crores in 2023-24.
-  Disbursement of easy and concessional crop-loan to help the farmers in accessing short-term agriculture credit from institutional sources has increased more than two times since 2014-15 from ₹ 6.4 lakh crore to ₹ 14.79 lakh crore in 2023-24.
-  Interest subsidy given to farmers through KCC has increased 2.4 times since 201415 from ₹6000 crore to ₹ 14252 crores in 2023-24.
-  The number of accounts of Small and Marginal Farmers availing agriculture loans

increased from 57% in 2014-15 to 76 % in 2023-24.

## 4. Fixing of MSP at one-and-a half times the cost of production -

- Government  has  increased  the  MSP  for  all  mandated  Kharif,  Rabi  and  other commercial  crops  with  a  return  of  at  least  50  per  cent  over  all  India  weighted average cost of production from 2018-19.
- MSP for Paddy (common) has increased to Rs. 2300 per quintal in 2023-24 from Rs. 1310 per quintal in 2013-14.
- MSP for Wheat increased from Rs. 1400 per quintal in 2013-14 to Rs. 2275 per quintal in 2023-24.

## 5.     (A) Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)

The Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) is the first comprehensive scheme launched  in  2015-16  by  the  Central  Government  as  a  centrally  sponsored programme (CSP) for promotion of organic farming in the country.

- o Total fund released Rs 2078.67 Cr since 2015-16 (as on 30.06.2024).
- o Under PKVY Scheme 38043 clusters (20 ha each) formed, 8.41 lakh ha area covered (including LAC).
- o In  addition to above under natural farming fund released for an area of 4.09 lakh ha area to 8 States and Under Namami Gange Programme funds Rs 272.85 crore  has  been  released total   9551  clusters  formed  and  1.91  lakh  ha area covered.
- o A dedicated online web portal- www.Jaivikkheti.in/ has been created to encourage, sale of organic products directly by farmers to consumers farming by directly connecting the consumers. On Jaivik-kheti portal total 6.23 lakh farmers have been registered.
- o Various  Brands  have  been  developed  by  the  State  for  marketing  of Organic Produce under the PKVY Scheme.
- o Government  has  initiated  Large  Area  Certification  (LAC)  programme since  2020-21  to  certify  large  traditional/default  organic  areas  such  as  hills, islands,  tribal  or  desert  belt  with  no  past  history  of  GMO  and  agro  chemical uses.
- o Under this programme 14,445 ha area under Car Nicobar and Nancowry group  of  islands  in  Union  Territory  of  A&N  Islands  have  been  certified  to transform entire territory of these islands to organic similar to Sikkim.
- o Proposal  of  5000  ha  area  has  been  received  from  Ladakh  under  LAC and fund Rs 11.475 lakh has been released.
- o The entire cultivable  land of  2700 ha  area of Lakshadweep have been certified organic under Large area certification.
- o Under Large area certification fund Rs 96.39 lakh has been released for 60,000 ha area to the State Government of Sikkim

## B)  Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER) Scheme

The MOVCDNER scheme aims at development of commodity specific, concentrated, certified  organic  production  clusters  in  value  chain  mode  to  link  growers  with consumers and to support the development of entire value chain starting from inputs, seeds, certification, to the creation of facilities for collection, aggregation, processing, marketing  and  brand  building  initiative  in  Northeast  Region  (Arunachal  Pradesh, Assam,  Manipur,  Meghalaya,  Mizoram,  Nagaland,  Sikkim,  and  Tripura).  The  main focus of the scheme is on export of produce. The scheme was approved with an outlay of Rs. 400 crore for three years during the year 2015-16. The scheme has completed two phases of three years each and is now moving forward in Phase III.

## Summary Achievements

- Total fund released Rs 1150.09 Cr since 2015-16 (as on 30.06.2024).
- 379 FPO/FPCs created covering 189039 farmers and 172966 ha area
- 394 Collection, Aggregation, Grading units, Custom Hiring Centres, 123 processing and  pack house entities created under FPO/FPCs and private ownership
- 145 transportation vehicles provided to FPO/FPCs
- 7 states developed their own brands
- Marketing facilitation of ginger, turmeric, pineapple and king chilli have been major success and FPCs have been supported with buyback agreements.
- The export of king chilli sauce, pineapple (canned) and ginger flakes to UK, USA,  Australia, France and Swaziland have already started
- Industry mentorship model with necessary infrastructure development with 3 FPCs
- Contract  production  of  Ginger  and  Turmeric  with  100%  buyback  assurance finalized with 3FPOs in Arunachal Pradesh with Parvata Foods
- Contract cultivation of other high value crops such as Perila, black thai ginger and Calandula flowers is under process.

## C) National Mission on Natural Farming

- I. Natural Farming is way of chemical free farming based on the livestock and locally available  resources  with  no  fertilizer  and  pesticides.  GoI  is  promoting  Natural Farming since 2019-20 through a sub-scheme 'BhartiyaPrakratikKrishiPaddhati - (BPKP)' under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojna (PKVY) in limited area.
- II. Under BPKP, 4.09 lakh ha area  has  been  covered  in  8  states  Andhra  Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
- III. Prime  Minister  at  various  platforms  has  emphasized  on  the  need  to  promote natural  farming  as  mass  movement.  Hon'ble  Finance  Minister  in  her  budget speech also, emphasized the need for promotion of agrochemical free natural farming.
- IV. Therefore,  to  achieve  the  vision  of  Hon'ble  PM  and  Budget  Announcement,  a dedicated centrally sponsored schemes 'National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)' is being launched.
- V. Committee of Secretaries  (CoS)  and  Expenditure  Finance  Committee (EFC) has recommended  the  launching  of  NMNF.  A  Cabinet  Note  to  roll  out  NMNF  is under process.

## 6.       Per Drop More Crop (PDMC)

Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) scheme launched during 2015-16 aims to increase water use  efficiency  at  the  farm  level  through  Micro  Irrigation  technologies  namely  Drip  and Sprinkler Irrigation systems to benefit the farmers in the country.

During the year 2015-16 to 2021-22, the PDMC was implemented as a component of Pradhan  Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). From the year 2022-23, the PDMC is being implemented under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). Micro Irrigation helps in water saving as well as reducing fertilizer usage through fertigation, labour expenses, other input costs and in overall income enhancement of the farmers.

Under the Scheme, financial assistance of 55% to Small & Marginal farmers and 45% to Other farmers is provided for installation of Micro Irrigation systems. From the year 2015-16 to 2022-23, an area of 78.4 lakh ha has been covered under Micro Irrigation in the Country through the scheme which is about 81% higher as compared to the Pre-PDMC eight years period.  This  is  a  significant  achievement.    Total  of  89.87  lakh  ha.  area  covered  till  march 2024.

An evaluation study of PDMC Scheme was taken up by the NITI Aayog during 2020-21, which  reveals that the scheme  is  relevant in achieving national priorities  such as substantially improving on-farm water use efficiency, enhancing crop productivity, generating employment opportunities etc.; Income of farmers has increased in the range of 10% to 69%; Water use efficiency has improved in the range of 30% to 70% and created direct & indirect employment opportunities.

## 7.    Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF)

A  Micro  Irrigation  Fund  (MIF)  of  initial  corpus  Rs  5000  crore  has  been  created  with NABARD  with major  objective  to  facilitate  the  States  in  mobilizing  the  resources  for expanding coverage of Micro Irrigation. Under the funding arrangement, NABARD lends to the States/UTs at 3% lower interest rate than the corresponding cost of fund mobilized by NABARD from the market. The interest subvention on the loan under MIF is borne by Centre under PDMC.  Projects with loans under MIF worth Rs 4724.74 crore have been approved so far. Loans amounting Rs. 3387.80 crore has been disbursed to States. The Ministry provides interest subvention on the loan availed by the States which is met from PDMC Scheme. As per the Budget Announcement of the year 2021-22, the corpus of the fund is to be doubled to Rs.10000 crores.

## 8.  Promotion of FPOs

A  new  Central  Sector  Scheme  for  Formation  &  Promotion of new  10,000  FPOs launched  by Hon'ble  Prime  Minister on 29th  February,  2020 with budget  outlay of Rs 6,865 Crore till 2027-28.

As  on 30 th   June  2024, 8,872 no. of FPOs  have  been  registered  under  new  FPO scheme.  Equity  Grant of Rs. 209.9  Crore has  been  released  to 4,135  FPOs .  Credit Guarantee Cover worth Rs. 349.28 Cr . issued to 1,542 FPOs.

## 9. The National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM) was launched in 2020 as a

part of the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, with an outlay of Rs.500.00 crores for three years  i.e.,  2020-21  to  2022-23.  The  scheme  has  been  extended  for  further  three years, i.e.,  2023-24 to 2025-26, with the remaining budget of Rs.370.00 crores from the allocated budget of Rs.500.00 crores for the overall promotion and development of scientific beekeeping and to achieve the goal of "Sweet Revolution".

## 10 . Agricultural Mechanization

Agricultural  mechanization  is  extremely  vital  to  modernize  agriculture  and  reduce drudgery  of  farming  operations.  During  the  period  from  2014-15  to  March,  2024  an amount  of  Rs.7265.00  crore  have  been  allocated  for  agricultural  mechanization. 18,16,221  numbers  of  machines  and  equipments  have  been  provided  to  farmers  on subsidy.     25,527  custom  hiring  centers,  594  high-tech  hubs  and  23,538  farm machinery banks have been established to make available agricultural machines and equipments  to  the  farmers  on  rental  basis.  During  2024-25,  Rs.69.99     Crore  have been released to States.

11. Namo  Drone  Didi: The  Government  has  also  recently  approved  Central  Sector Scheme for providing drones to the Women Self Help Groups (SHGs) with an outlay of Rs. 1261 Crores.  The  scheme aims  to  provide  drones  to  15000  selected Women  SHGs for providing  rental  services  to  farmers  for  agriculture  purpose  (application  of fertilizers  and pesticides). Of the total 15,000 drones, first 500 drones will be procured by Lead Fertilizer Companies (LFCs) in  2023-24,  using their internal  resources  for  distribution  to  selected SHGs. Remaining  14500 drones will be provided under this scheme and Central Financial Assistance  @  80%  of  the  cost  of  drone  and  accessories/ancillary  charges  up  to  a maximum of Rs. 8.0 lakhs will be provided to the women SHGs  for purchase of drones. The Cluster Level Federations (CLFs) of SHGs may raise the balance amount (total cost of procurement minus subsidy) as loan under National Agriculture Infra Financing Facility (AIF).   Interest  subvention  @  3%  on  the  AIF  loan  will  be  provided  to  the  CLFs.  The scheme  will  help  in  infusing  advance  technology  in  agriculture  for  improved  efficiency, enhanced crop yield and reduced cost of operation for the benefit of farmers. The scheme will also provide sustainable business and livelihood support to SHGs and they would be able to earn additional income of at least Rs. 1.0 lakh per annum.

## 12. Providing Soil Health Cards to farmers

Soil  Health  Card  Scheme  was  introduced  in  the  year  2014-15  to  optimize  usage  of nutrients. The following number of cards have been issued to farmers.

Cycle-I (2015 to 2017) - 10.74 crore

Cycle-II (2017 to 2019)- 12.19 crore

Model Village Programme (2019-20)- 23.71 lakh

In the year 2020-21- 14.57 lakh

In the year 2021-22 - No fund for Soil Samples were allocated to States/UTs.

In the year 2022-23 - 36.73 lakh

In the year 2023-24 - 36.76 lakh

In the year 2024-25 - 1.99 lakh

Regulations  for  promotion  of  biostimulants  is  issued.  Nano  urea  is  included  under fertilizer control order.

## 13. Setting up of E-NAM extension Platform

The Department has integrated 1389 mandis with e-NAM across 23 States &4 UTs.

As on 30 th  June 2024, 1.77 crore Farmers & 2.59 Lakh traders have been registered on e-NAM portal. Total volume of 9.94 Crore MT & 36.39 Crore numbers (bamboo, betel leaves, coconut,  lemon &  sweet corn) collectively  worth approximately  Rs. 3.59  lakh crore of trade has been recorded on e-NAM platform.

## 14. Launch of the National Mission for Edible Oils - Oil Palm

A new Centrally Sponsored Scheme namely, National Mission on Edible Oil (NMEO)Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) has been launched during August,2021 with the aim to enhance the  edible  oils  availability  in  the  country  by  harnessing  Oil  Palm  area  expansion, increasing CPO production and to reduce the import burden on edible oil. The Mission will  bring additional area of 6.5 lakh ha under Oil Palm plantation with 3.28 lakh ha in North-Eastern States and 3.22 in Rest of India with a total outlay of Rs. 11,040 crore in next 5 years from 2021-22 to 2025-26.

## 15. Agri Infrastructure Fund

A one Lakh Crore, Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) scheme was launched with an objective  to  mobilize  a  medium  -  long  term  debt  financing  facility  for  investment  in viable  projects  for  post-harvest  management  Infrastructure  and  community  farming assets  through  incentives  and  financial  support  in  order  to  improve  agriculture infrastructure  in  the  country.  Following  supports  are  being  provided  under  Agri  Infra Fund.

## 16. Improvement in farm produce logistics, Introduction of Kisan Rail.

Kisan Rail has been launched by Ministry of Railways to exclusively cater to movement  of  perishable  agrihorti  commodities.  First  Kisan  Rail  was  started  in  July 2020. Till 28 th  February, 2023, 2359 services on 167 routes have been operated.

## 17. Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) :

-  Details  of  physical  progress  under  the  major  components  of  NHM/HMNEH scheme of  MIDH from 2014-15 to 2023-24 is as under:
-  Area  Expansion:  -  An  additional  area  of  13.79  lakh  ha.  of  identified horticulture crops has been covered.
-  Nurseries:  -  905  nurseries  have  been  established  for  production  of quality planting material.
-  Rejuvenation: - An area of 1.48  lakh ha. of old and senile orchards has been rejuvenated.
-  Organic Farming: - An area of 52259 ha. been covered under organic practices.
-  Protected  Cultivation:  -  An  area  of  3.04  lakh  ha.  has  been  covered under Protected Cultivation.
-  Water  Resources:  -  54630    water-harvesting  structures  have  been created.
-  Beekeeping: - 16.30 lakh bee colonies with hives have been distributed.
-  Horticulture Mechanization: -2.73 lakh horticulture mechanization equipment have been distributed.
-  Post-Harvest Management Infrastructures: - 1.27 lakh post-harvest units have been established.
-  Market Infrastructures: - 15923 market infrastructures have been set up.
-  Training of Farmers: - Under HRD, 9.73 lakh farmers have been trained under various horticulture activities.

## 18. Creation of a Start-up Eco system in agriculture and allied sector

So far, 1708 Start-ups working in agriculture & allied sector have been selected during  FY  2019-20  to  2023-24  by  different  Knowledge Partners  (KPs)  and Agribusiness Incubators (R-ABIs).   Rs. 122.50 crore as grants-in-aid has been released in installments to the respective KPs & R-ABIs for funding to these selected start-ups under RKVY Agristartup Programme of Department of Agriculture & FW.

## 19. Achievement in Export of Agri and Allied Agri- Commodities

The  country  has  witnessed  emphatic  growth  in  export  of  agri  and  allied  commodities. The major commodities which posted significant growth as compared to previous year have been Rice Basmati 21.92% (4787.65 to 5837.13 Million USD), buffalo Meat 17.11% (3193.69 to 3740.16 Million USD), Spices12.17% (3785.36 to 4245.99 Million USD), cotton  raw  incld.  Waste 55.13%  (781.43 to 1115.49 Million  USD),  Fresh  Fruits 32.46% (864.62 to 1145.24 Million USD), misc processed items 37.88% (1421.64 to 1652.22 Million USD) etc.

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