Lok Sabha Question No. 1815 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-12-13
Subject: Accomplishments and Initiatives of CSIR
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Ranjanben Dhananjay Bhatt, Vinod Chavda, Jayant Sinha, Sanghamitra Maurya, Rajendra Dhedya  Gavit, Sanjay Jaiswal, Ramesh Chander Kaushik

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1815 ANSWERED ON 13.12.2023

## ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND INITIATIVES OF CSIR

## 1815. SHRIMATI RANJANBEN DHANANJAY BHATT:

SHRI VINOD L. CHAVDA:

SHRI JAYANT SINHA:

DR. SANGHMITRA MAURYA:

SHRI RAJENDRA DHEDYA GAVIT:

DR. SANJAY JAISWAL:

SHRI RAMESH CHANDER KAUSHIK:

Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) The details of the accomplishments and initiatives undertaken by CSIR over the past decade;
- (b) whether the Government has established a mechanism to facilitate affordable and reliable access to medical imaging solution taking into account their high cost and limited availability; and
- (c) the measures implemented and the progress achieved in this domain aligned with 'Make in India' - 'Made for World' concept?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) The  accomplishments  and  initiatives  undertaken  by  CSIR  (Council  of Scientific  and Industrial Research) over the past decade are placed at Annexure - I .
- (b) & (c) Yes, Sir. The Ministry has established a mechanism to facilitate affordable and reliable access to medical imaging solutions. Significant initiatives/measures  undertaken  by  Council  of  Scientific  and  Industrial Research  (CSIR),  Department  of  Science  and  Technology  (DST)  and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in the domain are at Annexure - II .

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## CSIR Decadal Accomplishments and Initiatives

CSIR  recognizing  that  inclusive  innovation  in  the  country  would  be  the  way  for achieving socio-economic growth and competitive advantage globally has facilitated the national endeavour of achieving faster and inclusive growth by undertaking R&D programmes that focus on innovation. The CSIR has thus been providing the S&T knowledgebase needed for the benefit of the Nation, its industries, including MSMEs and  the  common  people.  The  efforts  are  focused  at  bringing  in  desired  S&T interventions  for  enhancing  the  socio-economic  development  while  improving  the quality of life, removing drudgery and augmenting income of the people. The projects undertaken by CSIR  have been contributing to the generation of valuable knowledgebase and S&T interventions with immense value and potential to create a niche for the country.

During  the  last  decade,  CSIR's  performance  has  been  very  imposing.  Some  key achievements are as follows

-  CSIR's Global Positioning as a Front Rank R&D System: According to the prestigious Scimago Institutions Ranking World Report 2023, CSIR is ranked 61 st among  1747  government institutions worldwide and is the only Indian organization among the top 100 global government institutions. Further, CSIR holds 7 th  rank in research and 4 th  rank in societal category in Asia among 384 government organizations. CSIR leads the country at the 1 st  position in overall research and societal categories among government institutions.
-  Scientific  Excellence: CSIR  has  pursued  cutting  edge  science  and  has advanced  knowledge  frontiers. During the period  2013-2022,  CSIR  has published about 54429 papers in SCI journals. Several research papers were in high impact factor journals like Lancet, Nature Biotechnology, Nature, Chemical Reviews, Progress in Materials Science, Energy & Environmental Science etc.
-  Value  Generation  through  Intellectual  Property: CSIR  has  been  at  the forefront of Intellectual Property generation - it enjoys a unique position amongst publicly funded R&D organizations nationally and internationally.  CSIR has filed 2393 patent applications in India and 3296 patent applications abroad (in multiple countries) while it was granted 1687 Indian patents and 3019 foreign patents (in multiple  countries)  during  2013-14  to  2022-23.  Presently,  CSIR  has  a  patent portfolio of 1,234 unique patents in force in India, out of which 263 patents/patent applications have been licensed/assigned to industry. CSIR also has 1,365 inforce patents granted abroad in multiple countries.
-  Creating  and  Nurturing  S&T  Human  Resource: CSIR  has  focused  in  a significant manner on the development of S&T Human Resource and provided the yeoman service. CSIR's support for creation and nurturing of National S&T Human  Resource  transcends  diverse  sectors  and  discipline  of  science  and technology. These young budding researchers are contributing in the scientific publications, patents, technology, processes and overall development of S&T in the  country.  This  is  the  pool  of  young  researchers  which  is  being  utilized  by universities and R&D institutions for their research and development work/activities and is a precious S&T asset of the country.  During the period 2013-14  to  2022-23,  CSIR  has  supported  91469  doctoral  and  postdoctoral fellows including award of 36296 New Doctoral and Postdoctoral Fellowships and

disbursed an amount of Rs. 3057.99 crores as fellowship during the same period.

-  Scaled-up  plant  for  production  of  Hydrazine  Hydrate: The  Hon'ble  Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, inaugurated the scaled-up plant for production of Hydrazine Hydrate (HH) developed in collaboration of CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd (GACL),  Gujarat  on  October  10 th ,  2022,  as  an  initiative  towards 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' .  The  plant  developed  is  based  on  CSIR-IICT's  and  GACL's  jointly patented  technology  for  production  of  10,000  tonnes  per  year  of  Hydrazine Hydrate. The collaboration of CSIR-IICT and GACL led the process development from laboratory scale to pilot scale, and then to a commercial scale. The scale up ratio from pilot scale to commercial scale has been up to 100 times. The first consignment of the developed Hydrazine Hydrate (80%) was flagged off from Dahej complex on 8 th  July 2023.
-  National Atomic Timescale and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Pranali: Hon'ble PM, Shri Narendra Modi dedicated the National Atomic Timescale and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Pranali to the Nation and laid the Foundation Stone of National Environmental Standards Laboratory on 75 years of CSIR-NPL.
-  Wax  Deoiling  Technology  at  Numaligarh  Refinery,  BPCL :  CSIR-  Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun, in association with the Engineers India  Ltd  (EIL)  had  won  international  competition  to  adopt  the  Wax  Deoiling Technology developed by CSIR-IIP, at Numaligarh Refinery Ltd (NRL). The Wax Deoiling Plant based on such indigenously developed technology was set up with an  investment  of  ₹750  crore  at  NRL  -  a  subsidiary  of  Bharat  Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) - situated in north-east part of India.  The Plant was dedicated  to  the  Nation  by  Hon'ble  Prime  Minister  in  February  2016.  It  will produce  50,000  MMTPA  of  high  value  Paraffin  Wax  and  4,500  MTPA  of Microcrystalline Wax at the full capacity. The wax plant helped to develop smallscale  ancillaries  and  cottage  industries  in  the  nearby  areas  and  will  promote industrial development in the north-east region of India. The commercialization of  indigenous  technology  is  in  line  with  'Make  in  India'  initiative  taken  by  the Government of India.
-  Development  of  Dental  Implants: Under  the  partnership  of  Maulana  Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS), Delhi and IIT, Delhi, an indigenous dental implant  has  been  designed,  developed  and  successfully  validated  in  human clinical trial under CSIR-NMITLI project. The technology for Dental Implants has been transferred to M/s Innvolution Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Delhi . With this, the country  has  taken  the  first  step  towards  'Make  in  India'  implants  and  import substituted  technology  .A  dedicated  manufacturing,  cleaning  and  packaging setup  has  been  established  at  Faridabad  .The  industry  has  obtained  the manufacturing license in June 2019 and has commercialized the implants in the name of 'ifix' in India .The developed technology has been appreciated through a letter of commendation by Hon'ble Prime Minister of India.
-  Technology  for  recovery  of  valuable  Potash  from  spent  wash: CSIRCSMCRI has developed a technology for recovery of valuable Potash from spent wash  generated  in  sugarcane  molasses-based  alcohol  distillery  that  saves foreign exchanges and prevents hazardous spent wash being discarded into the environment. Plant based on CSIR-CSMCRI spent wash technology commissioned at Aurangabad Distillery Ltd. (60 klpd), Walchandnagar, Maharashtra The effort was appreciated by Hon'ble PM, Shri Narendra Modi.
-  Traditional  Knowledge  Digital  Library  (TKDL):  Fight  against  bio-piracy :

CSIR has played a major role in protecting India's rich traditional knowledge in healthcare  by  creating  the  TKDL.  The  TKDL  involves  documentation  of  the traditional knowledge available in public domain in the form of existing literature related to Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Yoga, in digitized format. As a prior-art database of Indian traditional knowledge, the TKDL serves to prevent wrongful grant of patents on applications of relevance to the traditional knowledge.  The access of the TKDL database containing over 4.39 lakh formulations from ancient texts  of  Ayurveda,  Unani,  Siddha, and  Sowa Rigpa and practices of Yoga, is given  to  patent  offices  world-wide  that  have  signed  Non-disclosure  Access Agreements with the CSIR, for search of TKDL evidences in the context of patent applications  filed  with  them.  The  TKDL  database  is  currently  available  to  15 patent offices. Further, in addition to the use of TKDL database by patent offices for examination of patent applications, the CSIR-TKDL Unit also files third party observations and pre-grant oppositions on patent applications related to Indian traditional knowledge, based on the TKDL evidences. Since 2009, 283 patent applications have been either refused, withdrawn/deemed withdrawn or amended or set aside on the basis of TKDL evidence, thus protecting Indian traditional knowledge. The TKDL is proving to be an effective deterrent against bio-piracy and is being recognized as a global leader in the area of traditional knowledge protection.

-  Widening access of the TKDL database to users, besides patent offices: The Cabinet chaired by Hon'ble Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi approved the  Widening  access  of  the  Traditional  Knowledge  Digital  Library  (TKDL) database to users, besides patent offices on 17 August 2022. The opening up of the TKDL database to users will drive research & development, and innovation based on India's valued heritage across diverse fields.
-  Contributions to Chandrayaan-3 Mission CSIR-NAL has played a crucial role in carrying out the wind tunnel tests of Chandrayaan-3 launch vehicle. The main  launch  vehicle,  LVM3,  that  carried  the  Chandrayaan-3  module  was extensively tested and characterised in the 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel of the CSIRNational Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL), Bengaluru.  More than 3,000 wind tunnel tests were carried by CSIR-NAL to characterise the Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3) which included force measurements, steady and unsteady pressure measurements,  booster-load  measurements,  booster  misalignment  studies, aero-elastic  and  nozzle  load  studies  apart  from  surface  and  off-surface  flow visualisation  studies.  All  stages  of  LVM3  with  Chandrayaan-3  payload  fairing were acoustically characterised in this facility and cleared for launch, which was crucial for the mission.
-  CSIR's Indigenous E-Tractor, CSIR Prima ET11: The Hon'ble Minister of State (Independent Charge), Science and Technology and Vice-President, CSIR, Dr. Jitendra  Singh,  on  August  21 st ,  2023,  launched  the  compact  E-Tractor  CSIR PRIMA ET11, indigenously designed and developed by CSIR-CMERI to cater to small and marginal farmers of India.
-  First Ever Biofuel-Powered Flight: CSIR facilitated India's First Ever BiofuelPowered Flight paving the way for sustainable and alternative fuels when the first biofuel-powered flight was flagged off from Dehradun to Delhi. The bio-aviation fuel was produced indigenously by CSIR-IIP from Jatropha oil and was based on the patented technology of the institute. For the first time in the country, on 26 th January 2019, an IAF AN-32 aircraft powered with 10 percent blend of biofuel conducted flight operations at Leh, one of the highest airports in the world.
-  Indigenous  Autoclave  Technology: CSIR-NAL  has  successfully  developed state-of-art  Indigenous  Autoclave  Technology  for  processing  advanced  light weight composites that are integral to modern day civil and military airframes.
-  Waste Plastics to Fuels: CSIR-IIP in collocation with and GAIL (India) Ltd have developed  a  technology  that  can  convert  1  tonne  of  plastic  waste  and  other Polyolefin products into 850 litres of the cleanest grade of diesel.
-  High  Rate  Biomethanation  Technology: CSIR-IICT  has  developed  and patented  a  high  rate  biomethanation  technology  known  as  anaerobic  gas  lift reactor (AGR) for the generation of biogas and bio manure from organic solid waste like poultry litter, food waste, press mud, cattle manure, organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), sewage sludge etc. This has been implemented in more than 20 places across the country including the Bowenpally Vegetable market in Hyderabad.
-  RENEU Technology : CSIR-NEERI has developed the RENEU Technology for the construction of wetlands that are sustainable wastewater treatment processes.  RENEU  was  successfully  implemented  at  Jhunsi,  Prayag  Raj,  in readiness for the Kumbh Mela of 2019, being part of the National Mission to keep the Ganges clean for the pilgrims during the holy festival.
-  Whole genome sequencing: CSIR has conducted whole genome sequencing of  1,008  Indians  from  different  populations  across  the  country.  The  whole genome data is important for building the knowhow, baseline data and indigenous capacity in the emerging area of Precision Medicine. This genome sequencing has enabled benchmarking the scalability of genome sequencing and computational analysis at population scale in a defined timeline.
-  Technology  for  Diagnostic  tests: Technology  for  27  Diagnostic  tests  for genetic diseases was developed and transferred to Lal Path Labs by CSIR-IGIB.
-  Global  Licensing  Pact with  Sun  Pharma :  CSIR-IICT  has  signed  a  Global Licensing Pact with Sun Pharma for patents on dermatology, ophthalmology and oncology. Sun Pharma will pay upfront, and milestone linked payments up to Rs 240 crore and royalties to CSIR-IICT from commercialization.
-  Zero-Wastewater Discharge Technology : CSIR-CLRI has developed a zerowastewater discharge technology based on Electro-oxidation (EO) in the pretanning phase of the leather manufacturing process.
-  Drishti  Transmissometer: CSIR-NAL  has  developed  and  transferred  the technology of Drishti Transmissometer that have been deployed in many airports in  India.  The  transmissometer is a  visibility  measuring system, useful for safe airport  operations and landing. Drishti been installed at several airports in the country and recently the 50 th  Drishti was installed at the runway of Kempegowda International Airport (KIA).
-  Made in India aviation weather monitoring system installed at Bengaluru International airport: CSIR-NAL has indigenously developed Aviation Weather Monitoring System (AWMS) which has recently been installed at the new runway of Kempegowda International Airport (KIA). With this, KIA has become the first airport in the country to install indigenous AWMS technology, at both ends of the new runway.   With  the  web-enabled  feature,  the  data  can  be  accessed,  and maintenance carried out from any location. The 10-meter mast on which AWMS sensors are installed is a first-of-its-kind, designed by NAL, with several unique features, including being eco-friendly and lightweight, with a life of over 60 years. The sliding mechanism enables easy maintenance - a useful feature-considering

Page v the busy traffic on the runway.

-  CSIR-NAL's Octa-Copter :  CSIR-NAL has developed a medium-class BVLOS (Beyond  Visual  Line  of  Sight)  multi-copter  UAV.  The  UAV  is  made  out  of  a lightweight  carbon  fibre  foldable  structure  for  ease  of  transportation  and  has unique features like autonomous guidance through dual redundant MEMS-based digital Autopilot with advanced flight instrumentation systems. DGCA, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India has granted conditional permission to CSIR-NAL for conducting  BVLOS  flight  trials.  Subsequently,  the  NAL  drone  has  completed about 50 hrs of flying to verify the performance parameters and the report is being submitted to MoCA for type approval. NAL's Octa-copter Drone is capable of carrying payload of 20 kg for a duration of 20 minutes. These drones have been configured to suit multiple applications for societal needs. The three applications envisaged are (a) Emergency Medical/ Vaccine Delivery (b) Agricultural Spraying and (c) for Geophysical Survey applications.
-  CSIR Technologies for India's First Light Combat Aircraft TEJAS: CSIR has been Integral Partner with ADA in Design and Development of TEJAS. CSIR developed  and  fabricated  165  composite  parts,  Fly-by-Wire  (FBW)  Control Systems and State of art training simulator.
-  Indigenous Process Technology for Carbon Fiber for Aerospace application: CSIR- NAL has developed standard modulus grade carbon fiber in pilot  scale  and  demonstrated  the  process  technology  to  Centre  for  Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC) & Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality  Assurance  (DGAQA).  The  developed  product  has  been  certified  by CEMILAC for aerospace application. Technology know how has been transferred to Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) on non-exclusive basis.
-  Head-Up  Display  (HUD)  for  the  Tejas  Fighter  Aircraft: The  HUD  was developed  and  deployed  by  CSIR-Central  Scientific  Instruments  Organisation (CSIR-CSIO) for Air Force Fighter, Air Force Trainer and Naval variant of the LCA. A transfer agreement for the manufacturing of a new variant of Head-Up Display (HUD) for the Tejas Fighter Aircraft for commercial production has been signed between CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).
-  Bharatiya Nirdeshak Dravya (BND 420) is India's first home grown high purity gold  reference  standard  developed  through  a  collaboration  among  the  India Government Mint (IGM), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), CSIR-NPL and National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials.
-  CSIR-NPL as the National Verification Agency :  Union environment ministry has  designated  CSIR-NPL  as  the  National  Verification  Agency for  certifying instruments  and  equipment  for  monitoring  emissions  and  ambient  air  quality, which will assist in maintaining standards of instruments and data of air quality being collected.
-  Mob Control Vehicles: Following direction of the Prime Minister's Office to CSIR and Specification formulated by the Committee, constituted by Ministry of Home Affairs,  CSIR-CMERI  has  designed  and  developed  three  categories  of  Mob Control Vehicle (MCV) prototypes (Heavy, Medium and Tractor based MCV) with 09 innovative featured technology modules. CRPF-RAF officials had participated in mock trials at CSIR-CMERI Durgapur/Ludhiana and training sessions at 103Bn and108Bn CRPF-RAF campus. All 3-Categories of MCVs had been demonstrated to the MHA Committee members at CRPF-campus Gurugram and 103 Bn CRPF-RAF campus.  DG-CRPF has approved the necessary QR/TD (Qualitative  Requirements  and  Trial  Directives)  of  all  3-  categories  of  MCVs,

based on recommendation of MHA committee.  The developed MCVs have been licensed to the Industries for commercialization.

-  Discovery of Shale Gas: CSIR-CIMFR has discovered shale gas in two areas in the Gondwana basin in Central India and Godavari basin. The total shale gas discovered so far in the country in these two basins is estimated to be about 63 Trillion  Cubic  Feet  (TCF). It  is  considered as  one of the best sources of nonconventional natural gas.
-  CSIR's Divya Nayan for Visually Impound: A reading device developed by CSIR-CSIO helps the visually impaired by reading the text aloud. The advanced reading  machine  named  'DivyaNayan'  is  a  stand-alone,  Portable  Reading Machine (PRM). The technology has been transferred to CEL Central Electronics Limited (CEL).
-  Process Technology to create Dimethyl Ether (DME) from Methanol: CSIRNCL  has  set-up  an  indigenous  process  technology  to  create  Dimethyl  Ether (DME) from methanol. DME is a clean fuel with potential to replace diesel and will  be a non-fossil additive to LPG gas. This will also help the Prime Minister UjjwalaYojana program, by reducing LPG imports.
-  Earthquake Warning System: A first of its kind Earthquake Warning System has been developed by CSIR-CSIO. The system can sense tremors, record them and generate an SMS to the concerned action points, in real time. It has been deployed and is operational at Delhi Metro since July 2015.
-  Indigenously built Research Vessel 'Sindhu Sadhana': The first indigenously built research vessel ' Sindhu Sadhana' was dedicated to the Nation in 2014 by Dr Jitendra Singh, Hon'ble Minister of State (I/C), S&T.  The multi-disciplinary research  vessel  of  CSIR-NIO  is  80  meters  long  and  17.6  m  wide  and  can accommodate 57 personnel including 29 scientists and 28 crew members. It is designed for a cruising speed of 13.5 knots and an endurance of 45 days. The research  vessel  has  10  laboratories  which  are  fitted  with  state-of-the-art equipment facilitating high precision data and sample acquisition.
-  Development of Green crackers with less pollutant emission: CSIR-NEERI developed  Green  Crackers in  a  bid  to  curb  air  pollution.  These  environment friendly Crackers are of new formulations for reduced emission light and sound emitting  crackers  with  30%  reduction  in  particulate  matter. CSIR  has  also successfully  developed  various  environment-friendly  fireworks  such  as  sound emitting crackers, flowerpots, pencils, chakkar and sparklers. CSIR in developing these  green  crackers  have  signed  nearly  230  MoUs  and  165  Non-disclosure Agreements with firework manufacturers in order to deliver the crackers. Green logo and QR coding system was also launched to track manufacture & sale of counterfeit crackers.
-  KisanSabha  App :  KisanSabha  App  has  been  developed  by  CSIR-CRRI  to connect  farmers  to  the  supply  chain  and  freight  transportation  management system. This portal  acts  as  a  one-stop  solution  for  farmers,  transporters,  and other entities engaged in the agriculture Industry. More than one lakh downloads and also available in regional languages.
-  Handheld GPS-Enabled 'Ksheer Tester'-System for detection of Adulteration in milk: 'Ksheer Tester', developed by CSIR\_CEERI, is a handheld GPS-enabled version of the Ksheer Scanner technology developed by CSIR to check adulteration in milk. It will empower the common man with a technology to tackle a national level health hazard due to adulteration in milk. The device would enable any person to track the location of the tested sample and receive the test

results through SMS on the device.

-  3D-Printed  Patient-Specific  Medical  Implants: CSIR-CSIO  developed  a technology for manufacturing patient-specific medical implants for several human body  parts.  The  technology  has  been  transferred  to  industry  for  commercial production and marketing of the product. Patient-specific implants are required in trauma, diseases like cancer, fungal infection or other reconstructive surgeries for specifically targeted patients.
-  New  Improved Samba  Masuri  (ISM): CSIR-CCMB  in  collaboration  with  the Indian Institute of Rice Research at Hyderabad has released a new variety of rice that resists pests and is also beneficial for those with diabetes. The new Improved Samba Masuri (ISM) rice variety is resistant to Bacterial Blight (BB) and at the same  time  has  the  lowest  Glycemic  Index  (GI)  at  50.9  among  all  major  rice varieties.
-  Barley-Seaweed-based  Anti-obese  supplement  'SeaSlim': CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru: The prevalence of obesity in India has increased over the past decade and it ranks third in the world. The market for anti-obese foods is getting propelled owing to rising obesity cases and side effects of the drug. In order to address the same, CSIR-CFTRI has developed Barley-Seaweed-based Anti-obese supplement 'SeaSlim' to manage obesity. The food can provide an adequate amount of energy, fat, carbohydrate, and protein. SeaSlim helps in regulating body weight by reducing food intake, plasma glucose and blood and adipose lipid level and can be used as low-glycemic index food. Food can be stored for more than  6  months  in  metallized  polypropylene  pouches.  Product  has  no  added preservative,  color, flavor,  thickening  agent, anticaking agent.  No side  effects and no heavy metals and can be consumed daily.
-  Successful Inaugural Flight of SARAS PT1N: SARAS PT1N (14 seater) light transport aircraft designed and developed by CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL)  was  flown  successfully  on  24 th   January  2018.  The primary objective of PT1N is to evaluate system performance in about 20 flights and the data collected from this shall be used to freeze the design of 19 seater production version aircraft - SARAS MkII.
-  High-Power S-band, 2.6 MW, Magnetron : Magnetron, a high-powered vacuum tube, is an essential component for Medical LINAC (Lineal accelerator), which are widely used for external radiation treatment of cancer patients. CSIR-CEERI designed and developed 2.6 MW S-band tunable pulsed Magnetron, which was successfully tested and used as a microwave source, to generate the required Xray  dose  using  a  LINAC  system for  Cancer  treatment.  On  July  14,  2020,  the technology know-how for S-band Magneton was transferred to M/s Panacea Pvt. Ltd.,  Bangalore,  known  for  developing  advanced  radiotherapy  systems  for Cancer treatment.
-  Fluorescent Fibers and Ink for Security: CSIR-NIIST has developed Fluorescent Fibers and Ink for Security. Invisible fluorescent fibers find important use for preventing currency/document/ consumer goods counterfeiting. Fluorescent ink formulations with unique fluorescent signatures has application for security printing.
-  Nutraceutical for Osteoarthritis: CSIR-CDRI have developed a standardized nano-formulation from Spinaceaoleracea (Palak) for prevention and management of osteoarthritis by preventing cartilage damage. This nutraceutical has extra health benefits for osteoarthritic joints in addition to the basic nutritional value found in Spinaceaoleracea . It imparts no toxicity and is effective at lower

doses with nano formulation. It has been launched with M/s Pharmanza Herbals Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat and its marketing partner namely, Aeran Lab (India) Pvt. Ltd., Thane for marketing, on March 13, 2018 as a Nutraceutical with brand name 'Joint fresh'.

-  Red mud-based lead free material for X-ray and CT scanner rooms: CSIRAMPRI  has  designed  joint  free  red  mud  based  radiation  shielding  tiles.  The material is tested by as per AERB norms and semi pilot plant level studies were carried  out  to  further  improve  density  and  reduce  the  thickness  of  tiles.  The technology  transferred  to  M/s  Assurays,  Noida.  Upscaling  and  installation  of developed tiles in X-Ray, CT scanner rooms and Cath-Lab has been done at M/S Saideep Healthcare Pvt Ltd Ahmednagar, Maharashtra by M/s Assurays, Noida.
-  CSIR  Aroma  Mission  and  Floriculture  Mission: CSIR  launched  the  CSIRAroma Mission in 2016 which seeks to bring about transformative change in the aroma  sector  through  interventions  in  agriculture,  processing  and  product development for  fuelling  the  growth  of  the  aroma  industry  and  boosting  rural employment.  CSIR's  Aroma  and  Floriculture  Missions  have  brought  27,500 hectares under  cultivation of aromatic crops.  CSIR  has  also developed entrepreneurship  (110)  through  technologies  that promote  cultivation  and processing of aromatic crops, value-added aromatic crops for high-end aroma chemicals and products. For the first time ever, Asafoetida ( Heeng ) cultivation has been introduced in India and Saffron cultivation has been widened. CSIR enabled the famed Purple Revolution by introducing Lavender Cultivation in 10 districts of J&K benefitting more than 1000 farming families. India from being one of the importers of Lemongrass essential oil a few years back, now becomes one of  the  largest  exporters  in  the  world.  Indigenous  development  of  Tulip  bulb production in Lahaul & Spiti under the Floriculture mission helped reduce the import of planting material.
-  CSIR Cotton Mission: CSIR initiated the Cotton Mission in 2019 to develop next generation transgenic cotton for broad-spectrum resistance to field pests for yield protection. For the control of the devastating cotton insect pest whitefly, CSIRNBRI has developed 33 GM cotton lines using its patented gene Tma12. These GM cotton  lines  show  significant  tolerance  to  whiteflies.  The  problem  of  pink bollworm (another major cotton insect pest) is being addressed by CSIR-IICT. For the control of whitefly vectored viral diseases in vegetable and horticultural crops,  CSIR-National Botanical  Research  Institute,  Lucknow  has developed a new GM cotton. This GM cotton attracts whiteflies and kills them. It can guard several crops against viral diseases. The technology will enable farmers to grow crops without application of pesticides.
-  Seaweed Cultivation & Processing: CSIR has provided hands on training on seedling preparation, farming, harvesting and post harvesting of biomass to more than 2500 farmers (95% women) from Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh to encourage them for undertaking seaweed cultivation. Scale up of Zero Liquid discharge 'ZLD' downstream processes for the production of valuable seaweed products have been performed. Seaweed processing plant (0.25 tons) has been handed  over  to  Department  of  Fisheries,  Govt.  of  Tamil  Nadu. Kappaphycus alvarezii and  Red Seaweed based formulations for improving productivity and health of dairy and  poultry animals  (technology transferred to  AquaAgri Processing (P) Ltd).
-  Technological innovation Energy Storage devices: Under CSIR's Innovation Centre  for  Next  Generation  Energy  Storage  Solutions  (ICeNGESS)  project,

CSIR-CECRI's knowhow on Lithium-Ion Battery Technology was transferred to M/s. Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mumbai. The major objective of the project has been to develop next generation energy storage solutions with 100 MW Li-ion battery production facility creation and augmentation of existing facility to 1000 cells per day,  the  project  also  aimed  for  IPR  &  Technology  development,  scale  up  & production of battery materials, supply chain creation & indigenisation, sustainability  of  Lithium  from  Coal  and  to  develop  Public  Private  Partnership (PPP).

-  Gaon Ka Pani Gaon Mein : CSIR has led a Mission mode project for developing Village Level Water Management (VLWM) Plans for augmenting water resources in selected villages. Mission on High-Resolution Aquifer Mapping & Management in Arid Regions of North-Western India has also been launched and implemented in association with the Ministry of Jal Shakti under Jal Jeevan Mission.  Use  of  advanced  Heliborne  geophysical  survey  and  other  scientific studies have been initiated under the Aquifer Mapping Programme of the Mission. So far, 1 lakh Sq. Km Heliborne geophysical survey data has been collected in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat. This survey led into identification of water source at Munjasar, Lohawat Block, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan.
-  Launch of India's  first  indigenously  developed  Hydrogen  Fuel  Cell  Bus: India's  first  indigenously  developed  bus  to  run  on  hydrogen  fuel  cell  been designed and developed by CSIR-NCL and CSIR-CECRI in collaboration with Sentient Labs. The 32-seater bus, equipped with central air conditioning facility, is designed to provide a range of 450 kilometres by utilising 30 kg of Hydrogen. The bus uses hydrogen fuel cells and air to generate electricity for power and can run for 600 km without stopping. The only emission from the bus is water, thus, making it the most environment friendly mode of transportation. The 'Made in India' hydrogen fuel cell bus was launched on 21 August 2022, in Pune.
-  Earthquake  &  natural  disasters-developed  technology  for  reducing property loss: CSIR-CBRI and CSIR-SERC have been designing structures that can withstand earthquakes, and due emphasis and importance are being given to incorporate this aspect in all designs.
-  CSIR focuses 'Waste to Wealth' technologies to supplement the efforts of Swachta Abhiyan : CSIR has developed many waste to wealth technologies and products such as spent wash from distillery, plastic waste to diesel, industrial solid waste,  brine  sludge,  e-waste,  coal-based  power  industry  waste,  biomass/agri waste,  fertilizer  industry  waste,  lime  sludge,  marble  waste,  etc.  and  these technologies are at various stages of implementation with MSMEs, industries and other partners.
-  Steel Slag Valorisation Technology for Conversion of Steel Slag as Road Making Aggregates: CSIR developed the steel slag valorisation technology to convert  waste  steel  slag  as  road  making  aggregates.  Processed  steel  slag aggregates as developed through waste steel slag has been successfully utilized in the construction of India's First Steel Slag Road at Hazira, Surat. Around one lakh  ton  processed  steel  slag  aggregates  were  utilized  as  100% substitute  of natural aggregate in steel slag road construction. For its unique design features Steel  Slag  Road  built  through  CRRI  technology  has  been  inducted  in  INDIA BOOK  of  Records  and  ASIA  BOOK  OF  RECORDS  as  First  Steel  Slag Road.  Border Roads Organisation (BRO) using the CSIR-CRRI technology has laid a one km road in border area of Arunachal Pradesh.
-  Design and development of CSIR - TechnoS Raman Spectrometers (CTR

Series): CSIR developed and commercialized Raman spectrometers in a PublicPrivate Partnership, in a collaboration of CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal and M/S TechnoS Instruments, Jaipur.  Two  models  of  high-end  commercial  grade  Raman Spectrometers, CTR-300 and CTR-150 have been developed and approved for marketing by the industry partner, M/S TechnoS Instruments in January 2022.

-  Maiden flight of HANSA-NG: CSIR-NAL designed and developed Hansa NG aircraft which is an all composite two seat light trainer aircraft to be used as an ab-initio  flying  training  aircraft  for  the  flying  clubs  in  India,  with  significant modifications on Hansa 3 aircraft to make it more useful as a trainer aircraft. The newly developed Hansa 3 (NG) made its maiden flight on 3rd September 2021 after obtaining special flight permit by DGCA. The 20-minute sortie saw the first prototype of the Hansa 3 (NG) attain a maximum altitude of 4,000 feet and a speed of 80 knots before it made a successful touch down. Further, the aircraft has successfully completed the sea level trials at Puducherry between February 19 and March 5. The aircraft was flown to Puducherry, covering 140 nautical miles in one and half hours at a cruising speed of 155 km/hr, on 19 th  February 2022. Further, HANSA-NG Aircraft successfully completed in-flight engine relight test at DRDO's Aeronautical Test Range (ATR) facility, Challakere on 17 th  May, 2022. Flight test was carried out at an altitude of 7000-8000 feet with the speed range  of  60  to  70  knots.  The  in-flight  engine  relight  test  is  most  critical  and important milestone towards certification of the aircraft by DGCA.
-  Development  of  Indian  National  Footwear  Sizing  System: CSIR-CLRI conducted a nationwide survey on foot dimensions of the Indian population using 3D Digital Imaging technique to establish the Indian Footwear Sizing System. Thirty numbers of 3D Foot Scanners ordered and installed during the last week of  September  2021.  Synergy  Partners  were  identified,  and  MoU  signed  with Central  Footwear  Training  Institute  (CFTI),  Chennai,  CFTI  Agra,  Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (GCELT), Kolkata and Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology (MIT), Muzaffarpur. Demographic locations (79 districts) finalized based on the recommendations of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). Hands on Training for 90 field staff on 3D foot scanner started on 5th October 2021.  A total of 1,01,880 foot measurements have been carried  out  by  the  end  of  March  2022.  The  Indian  National  Footwear  Sizing System that is being developed will help the populace to get well fitting shoes that adhere to the contours of their feet thus ensuring perfect fit and comfort and also prevent foot debilitations.
-  Development of Mechanized Scavenging machine: CSIR-CMERI designed and development the Mechanized Scavenging machine for up to 5,000 people density i.e. best suitable up to 300 mm diameter and up to a 100 metre length of the sewer system. The scavenging system is very economical and it will help the manual scavengers to enhance their efficiency, performance and also safeguard them against intrusive pathogens. The system was demonstrated at the premises of the CSIR-NPL, Delhi on 27 th  October 2021. The system is rigorously tested in the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, National Power Training Institute, Durgapur, DVC colony, DSP colony in Durgapur. The technology Know how has been transferred to 2 MSMEs.
-  mRNA Vaccine  Development  Platform: CSIR-CCMB  has  set-up  a  working platform  to  develop  mRNA  vaccines,  starting  with  identifying  a  candidate  for COVID-19 vaccine. The mRNA vaccines are modular. In principle, the mRNA can be inserted to make a protein of a pathogen of concern in human cells. This can

be used to train the recipient's immune system to evade the real pathogen, if it infects.

-  Technology of Nucleic Acid Staining Dye GreenR™: The dye GreenR™ has been developed by CSIR-CDRI in joint collaboration with industry partner Biotech Desk  Pvt.  Ltd  (BDPL),  Hyderabad.  The  product  GreenR™  provides  an economical  alternative  to  commercially  available  dyes  that  are  used  to  stain DNA/RNA, which are currently imported. It binds to all nucleic acids including genomic DNA, PCR products, plasmids and RNA and fluoresces under blue light or UV exposure. This dye has varied applications in molecular diagnostics and life sciences research. The chemical synthesis of GreenR™ was standardized by CDRI team and the BDPL team has studied its biological applications in real-time PCR and DNA binding. CSIR-CDRI has transferred the technology of the nucleic acid  staining  dye  GreenR™  to  GenetoProtein  Pvt.  Ltd  (GPPL),  a  Start-Up registered in Uttar Pradesh, and the company has already started sampling this product amongst researchers both in academia and industry. The development of this indigenous dye will offer the Indian researcher an alternative to expensive imported dyes and take India a step closer to ' Atmanirbhar Bharat' .
-  Medha  Plus  -  A  Novel  Polyherbal  Formulation  for  Alzheimer's  Disease: Available  synthetic  drugs  only  provide  symptomatic  reliefs  targeting  single molecule, hence, are unable to address the multi-factorial aspects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. It is imperative to develop combinatorial drugs that address  the  multiple  molecular  targets  in  AD.  CSIR-IICB  has  cconducted experimental studies on a herbal medicinal formulation 'Medha Plus' (MP) which is a unique combination of aqueous extracts of six therapeutic plants indigenous to South-East Asia and hugely propagated across India Brahmi, Mandukaparni, Sankhapusphi,  Yastimadhu,  Kokilaksha and Shunthi .  Experimental  studies performed at CSIR-IICB showed that MP is an incredible combinatorial drug that targets multiple molecular targets with exemplary neuroprotective properties. An array of behavioral studies showed that MP was able to recover AD-associated memory deficits in both sporadic and familial AD models. MP treatment reduced Amyloid plaques deposits and decreased apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus.  Enzymatic  assays  demonstrated  anti-oxidative  and  anti-acetyl cholinesterase properties of MP. An underlying improvement in synaptic plasticity was observed with MP treatment as well.
-  India's First Indigenously Developed Laser-cooled Caesium Atoms based Primary Frequency Standard: CSIR-NPL indigenously developed India's first laser-cooled Caesium (Cs) atoms based primary frequency standard NPLI-CsF1. Only a handful of (less than 10) such primary frequency standards, developed worldwide, contribute to the maintenance of international reference time UTC. Apart from international timekeeping, such accurate standard will provide selfreliance  in  the  field  of  precise  Time  and  Frequency  measurement  which  has measurable  economic  and  strategic  implications  in  the  areas  of  navigation (ISRO's NavIC), telecommunication, smart grids, financial security etc.
-  Laboratory  Scale  Facility  creation  of  3D  printing  (3DP): Extrusion-based research  scale  3D  concrete  printer,  installed  at  CSIR-SERC,  was  used  for development of 3D printable concrete mixes. About 30 trial mixes were prepared to arrive at a successful 3D printable mix which satisfies flowability, buildability, and  open  time.  Various  mixes  were  developed  using  different  industrial  byproducts (fly ash, silica fume, GGBS) and different types of fine aggregates such as standard sand, river sand and copper slag. Initial setting time and final setting

time of printed sample was less compared to companion cast-in-place samples. Grade of the concrete was achieved as M30.

-  CSIR 'JIGYASA Initiative" : JIGYASA is one of the major initiatives taken up by CSIR at national level to widen and deepen CSIR's Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR) by connecting school students to scientists at CSIR. CSIR has signed MoU with KendriyaVidyalayaSangathan (KVS), Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya. More than 3,00,000 students have benefitted from the programme. Recently, CSIR has engaged with Atal Tinkering Labs of Niti Aayog and aims to adopt 295 Atal Tinkering Labs established by Atal Innovation Mission nationwide to spur STEM based research and innovation interest in students leveraging its scientists  and  labs.  India's  first  Virtual  Science  Lab  for  children  under  CSIR Jigyasa  programme  was  launched  on  22  November  2021.  More  than  170 activities such as comics, infographics, videos, simulations, games, podcast etc. are available on the Jigyasa online portal. The major objective of Jigyasa 2.0: Virtual Lab integration program is to develop an inspirational science lab where students will play, simulate, experiment, read and have fun while carrying out experiments virtually from any part of the nation.

Recently  CSIR-Jigyasa  mobile  app  and  Indian  Sign  Language  (ISL)-enabled astronomy  lab  for  divyangjan  students  located  in  Karnal  under  the  Jigyasa programme have been launched. The Jigyasa mobile app will be a game changer and school students can directly connect with CSIR scientists and interact with them to enhance their scientific acumen. Students will also be made aware of the latest happenings under CSIR -Jigyasa initiative from various labs of CSIR. Indian Sign Language (ISL)-enabled astronomy lab will provide an opportunity to expose  divyangjan  students  to  science  and  stimulate  their  curiosity  besides promoting innovative spirit.

-  Connect  global  Indian  Scientific  Community  on  Digital  mode: CSIR  has developed a  virtual  platform  PRABHASS (Pravasi  Bharatiya  Academic  and Scientific Sampark) Portal to connect with the global Indian S&T Diaspora for jointly addressing societal challenges/ problems. Database of over 6000 Diasporas from 47 countries are available.
-  CSIR 'Skill India Initiative': In addition to the above, CSIR laboratories have been continuously providing training in diverse areas for undergraduates, post graduates and Research students. They are also engaged in conducting Industry oriented training/ skilling programmes that have been well accepted by users. In order to encapsulate all CSIR skill/ training programmes under one umbrella that envisages to cater to a diverse cross-section of people at various levels beginning with school dropouts to farmers to ITI diploma holders to graduates, CSIR has launched the programme on 'Skill India Initiative' in 2016. The initiative also aims to equip young minds with the necessary technological skills through exposure to CSIR laboratories to address the critical needs for the technical gap created by the enormous usage of advanced technology. The emphasis is to create a robust and  sustainable  identified  training  modules  of  existing  and  new  skill/  training programmes  of  trans-disciplinary  in  nature  for  workforce  generation  for  the industrial  requirement.  CSIR has already trained more than 2 lakh personnel, since the launch of the scheme, under the initiative.
-  Mission Karmayogi: With an aim to transform the training ecosystem and make

it  more  learners  focused  and  create  shared  knowledge  resources,  CSIR  has joined  hands  with  the  Capacity  Building  Commission  (CBC)  and  Mission Karmayogi,  launched  by  Department  of  Personnel  &  Training  (DoPT).  Under Mission Karmayogi. CSIR organise 'Learning Hour' in Lab/lnstt. for enhancing learning  on  topics  relevant  to  the  concerned  lab.  and  also  on  the  'Integrated Government Online Training' (iGOT)' courses.

-  Improved lotus variety 'Namoh 108': CSIR-NBRI launched an improved variety of the national flower Lotus with 108 petals called 'Namoh 108' on 14 th  August 2023 during the inaugural of the One Week, One Lab campaign of CSIR-NBRI. The  Lotus  variety  is  more  weather  resilient  and  can  flower  from  March  to December. This lotus was brought by NBRI scientists from Manipur to conduct research  on  it.  This  is  the  first  Lotus  variety  whose  genome  is  completely sequenced. This plant will never be extinct or endangered like many other flowers and plants have become. CSIR-NBRI also released apparels made from lotus fibre  and  perfume  'Frotus'  developed  from  Lotus  plants  in  collaboration  with FFDC, Kannauj.
-  CSIR-NAL Launches Q Plane: An  All-Electric  Hybrid  UAV  for  Last  -Mile Delivery  and  Surveillance: In  a  significant  step  towards  advancing  the capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in India, the CSIR-NAL unveiled the  Q  Plane  -  a  lightweight  all-electric  UAV  with  vertical-take-off-and-landing capability. during the curtain raiser of One Week, One Lab, on 2 nd  August 2023. Designed  for  autonomous  flight,  the  UAV  has  a  range  of  30  kilometres  and endurance of up to 70 minutes.
-  Launch of CSIR-NAL's JALDOST airboat: JALDOST, an airboat that operates on water, is designed and developed by CSIR-NAL to remove excess aquatic weed and floating waste from water bodies. The JALDOST has a closed airtight pontoon type hull  to make  it  inherently  unsinkable.  It  has  a  hybrid  propulsion system, comprising air propulsion and paddle wheel propulsion. CSIR-NAL has developed two versions of the airboat  - JALDOST Mark-1 and an upgraded version  JALDOST  Mark-2.  The  JALDOST  Mark-2  has  been  designed  on  the specifications given by BBMP and can be used to clean lakes in Bengaluru. It was launched on 2 nd  August 2023, during the curtain raiser of One Week, One Lab, of CSIR-NAL.
-  Leather  made  from  Mango  Pulp: A  company  in  India  is  producing  an  ecofriendly vegan alternative to synthetic leather by using mango fruits based on the technology developed by CSIR-CLRI. India produces 20 million tons of mango a year,  making  it  the  world's  largest  producer  of  mango.  In  India  up  to  40%  of mangoes are abandoned in the fields because they do not meet regulatory and market standards, so they can be used to produce alternative material to leather. The new material is made of 50% mango and degrades faster than polyurethane leather.
-  CSIR's first battery recycling pilot facility commissioned in Jamshedpur: The CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) has commissioned the first Battery  Recycling  Pilot  Facility  of  the  CSIR  at  Jamshedpur  to  extract  critical metals such as Lithium, Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt. It encompasses 1 Ton per day (TPD) battery dismantling and cathode material separation setup, apart from  the  integrated  large-scale  hydrometallurgical  facility  for  extraction  and separation of those critical metals.
-  CSIR-NIO  discover  active  submarine  volcano  in  Andaman  Sea: CSIRNational Institute of Oceanography (NIO) has discovered an active submarine

volcano (Crater Seamount) in the Andaman Sea, which has been at the epicentre of the seismic zone since it was first observed in 2007. Crater Seamount has the potential to erupt at any time leading to earthquakes and even tsunamis in the Java-Sumatra region. The timing of the eruption, however, cannot be ascertained.

-  Flag Off of "Recycling on Wheels Smart-ER" to Promote Cleanliness and Environmental Responsibility under Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign from CSIR Headquarters in Delhi: In alignment with the Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign, celebrated from September 15 th  to October 2 nd  2023, Hon'ble Minister S&T, Dr Jitendra Singh inaugurated the "Recycling on Wheels SmartER" at CSIR Headquarters in New Delhi on October 2 nd  2023. Dr Kalaiselvi, DG, CSIR and Secretary, DSIR, addressing during the inauguration of the Special Campaign  3.0  for  institutionalizing Swachhata said  that  all  the  37  CSIR  labs across the country are engaged with both physical cleaning and e-cleaning that is processing and weeding out of obsolete files.
-  Research on ongoing declines for the world's amphibians: A groundbreaking paper published in Nature on 4 th  October 2023 reveals climate change as a major driver of amphibian decline. Climate change was the primary threat for 39% of species  pushed  toward  extinction  since  2004.  Dr  Karthikeyan  Vasudevan  of CSIR-CCMB was a part of this global study. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06578-4 .
-  Oral Contraceptive Pill 'Levormeloxifene' : DGCI approved the clinical trials of an  oral  contraceptive  pill  'Levormeloxifene'  jointly  developed  by  CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) and the technology partner.
-  Biomedical  Waste  to  Soil  Additives :  CSIR-NIIST  has  developed  a  dual disinfection-solidification system that can spontaneously disinfect and immobilize pathogenic biomedical waste such as blood, urine, sputum, body parts, etc, and convert them  into value-added soil additives within minutes. Laboratory disposables, plastics, glass, etc. are disinfected and prepared for direct recycling. An  automated  equipment  has  been  developed  that  ensures  minimal  human intervention in handling biomedical waste.
-  Honey Profiling using NMR: CSIR-NCL is developing critical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based profiling methodologies and data analytics for a variety of  unifloral  and  multifloral  Indian  honey.  These  techniques  not  only  allow  for identification of premium quality honey that is suitable for exports but also enables quantification of adulteration in commercial honey.
-  CSIR-CIMAP research lowers nicotine content in Tobacco plant: The CSIRCentral  Institute  of  Medicinal  and  Aromatic  Plants  (CIMAP)  has  successfully lowered nicotine content in the Petit Havana Tobacco plant variety by using a genome  editing  tool  and  reduced  60-70  per  cent  nicotine  in  it,  compared  to nicotine content in wild-type plants. CSIR-CIMAP further plans to lower nicotine in commercial varieties to help people quit the habit by working on tobacco plant varieties used in cigarettes, cigars, beedi.
-  Technology  for  addressing  humidity  issue  of  salt :  CSIR-CSMCRI  has successfully  completed  a  project  for  Tata  Salt  that  addresses  the  issue  of yellowing of salt.
-  Release  of Bharatiya  Nirdeshak  Dravyas (BNDs): CSIR-NPL  has  released more than fifty BNDs since 2014 developed under the in-house BND Program of NPL and also in collaboration with other agencies. A few significant ones have been the release of Gold and Silver BNDs with different purities, release of Water

BNDs to make India self-sufficient in water CRMs and release & export of Cement BNDs.

-  A new multi-component alloy-based catalyst designed for efficient production of Green Hydrogen: Scientists from the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter  Sciences  (CeNS),  Bangalore,  and  the  National  Chemical  Laboratory (CSIR-NCL),  Pune,  have  developed  a  promising  catalyst  for  the  hydrogen evolution  reaction  (HER),  a  crucial  step  in  water  electrolysis  for  producing hydrogen. This newly designed catalyst, a mixture of cobalt, manganese, and tin known as Co-Mn-Sn alloy, has shown better efficiency and stability in generating hydrogen as compared to the individual metals or binary (Co-Mn, Mn-Sn or CoSn) alloys. The presence of manganese and tin in the alloy played a synergistic role  in  boosting  its  performance.  As  the  Co-Mn-Sn  alloy  does  not  contain  any platinum group metal it offers exciting prospects.
-  CHENANI-NASHRI Highway Tunnel Project: The Chenani - Nashari tunnel project was completed in March 2017 and was dedicated to the nation in April 2017  by  Hon'ble  Prime  Minister  of  India.    CSIR-CIMFR  has  contributed  in  a significant way in this Highway Tunnel Project.
-  Establishment of a National Calibration Facility for PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 Sampling Inlets: A particulate matter (PM) wind-tunnel has been established at CSIR-NPL. This is a first and unique facility in the country to test and calibrate PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 samplers. With this facility, now all the PM samplers manufactured in the country can be calibrated and certified. Also, all the imported PM  samplers  can  be  tested  for  their  suitability  under  Indian  conditions. Parameters such as cut-off size,  sharpness of  cut-off etc.  can  be tested  and calibrated  by  using  this  facility.  A  high-volume  PM2.5  sampler,  has  been developed and patented by CSIR-NPL. The technology has been transferred to M/s  Environmental  Solutions.    The  then  Hon'ble  Minister  of  S&T  and  Earth Sciences  Dr.  Harsh  Vardhan  inaugurated  the  indigenously  developed  and commercialized high-volume sampler by the M/s Environmental Solutions under the licensed technology (know-how) of CSIR-NPL patented technology.
-  State-of-the-art WHO cGMP Plant at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu: State-of-the-art WHO cGMP Plant has been set up at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu for extraction, formulation, packaging of medicinal plant based phytopharmaceutical drugs under internationally accepted GMP guidelines. This is first such national cGMP facility established in the public sector in India. The state-of-the-art facility is first of its kind in public sector in India and has been issued a manufacturing license by Drug & Food Control Organization, Jammu & Kashmir.
-  Sickle  Cell  Anaemia: Sickle  cell  anemia  (SCA)  is  the  most  common  blood related disorder in India with a high prevalence among ethnic groups that have a socio-economic disadvantage, such as tribal populations. Following directions of Hon'ble  Prime  Minister,  CSIR  is  implementing  a  Mission  Mode  Project  since 2017. Focusing on two states, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, CSIR mission has developed  a  comprehensive  screening  model  by  taking  a  multi-pronged approach of population screening, especially focusing on school-going children, antenatal screening of pregnant women and new born screening. Close to 25 lakh children have been screened in the two states and patients and carriers have been provided support.  Hundreds of  target  couples  were  identified  and through  prenatal  diagnosis  and  counselling,  birth  of  affected  kids  has  been prevented. With the success of the model, the same has now been extended to

certain regions of Madhya Pradesh and plans are on for covering the state of Jharkhand in near future.

Hydroxyurea (HU) is one of the cheapest and most commonly used alternatives for long-term management of SCA patients. Under the Mission, the CSIR-IIIM generated relevant literature and data on its utility and in association with M/s Cipla Ltd., got its approval from CDSCO/DCGI for its marketing for specific use in  SCA  children,  post  Phase-IV  studies.  This  has  now  set  the  stage  for developing paediatric HU dosages and formulations with M/s CIPLA Ltd., which will  increase  the  compliance  for  treatment.  In  addition,  CSIR-CCMB  has developed a simple, robust and economical point-of-care procedure and devices (namely  Direct  blood/dried  blood  spot-based  ARMS-PCR)  to  differentiate between  patients,  carriers  and  normal  subjects.  This  cheap  genetic  testing protocol costing about Rs 50/- per test, can obviate the need for sophisticated tests. Further, it has the potential for use in testing for several monogenic genetic disorders.  The  leads  from  the  CSIR  Sickle  Cell  Anemia  Mission  on  genome editing  technology  has  now  led  to  CSIR-IGIB  getting  a  multi-centric  5  year preclinical/clinical trial for ex vivo and in vivo gene editing approved by DST in association  with  the  Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs.  CSIR-IGIB  is  implementing  the project in collaboration with few national and International organizations.

-  Novel Therapy for Management of Sepsis: In the partnership of M/s Cadila Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.  and  PGI,  Chandigarh  under  a  CSIR-NMITLI  project,  a randomized,  double  blind,  two  arms,  active  comparator  controlled,  phase  IIb clinical trial to study the safety and efficacy of Mycobacterium w in combination with  standard  therapy  versus  standard  therapy  alone  in  sepsis  due  to  gram negative  infection  was  undertaken  .The  clinical  trial  report  was  submitted  to DCGI which has approved the drug for use. With the success of the trial, Cadila Pharmaceuticals has launched the product, 'Sepsivac' which is poised to resolve the unmet medical need of the world by gram negative bacterial infections.
-  CSIR signs MoU with Unnat Bharat Abhiyan-Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi(UBA-IITD) and Vijnana Bharti(VIBHA), New Delhi: A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) New  Delhi, Unnat Bharat Abhiyan-Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi(UBA-IITD) and Vijnana Bharti(VIBHA), New Delhi. The MoU is expected to lay the foundation for cooperation and joint action in the area of Unnat  Bharat  Abhiyan  (UBA)  for  rural  development  of  India  through  CSIR technologies and related knowledge base in tune with the people's aspirations in furtherance of the Government of India's initiatives like Vijnana Bharati(VIBHA). The Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) is a flagship national program of the Ministry of  Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, envisioning the  transformational  change  in  rural  development  processes  by  leveraging knowledge institutions to help build the architecture of an Inclusive India. The purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding is to provide access to CSIR rural technologies for Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA).
-  Indian air quality Interactive Repository or IndAIR launched: CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur launched the Indian air quality Interactive Repository or IndAIR which has archived approximately 700 scanned materials from pre-internet era (19501999), 1215 research articles, 170 reports and case studies, 100 cases and over

2,000 statues, to provide the history of air pollution research and legislation in the county. Such a repository on the subject of air pollution is one of the first in the world.

-  Aerospace Grade Autoclave Technology (Industrial and Lab Scale sizes): Autoclaves  are  used  to  manufacture  airworthy  composite  components  under suitable settings of pressure, vacuum  and  temperature.  CSIR-NAL  has successfully developed state-of-art Indigenous Autoclave Technology for processing advanced light weight composites that are integral to modern day civil and military airframes.  The size of autoclaves developed range from smaller lab scale to very large sizes up to 5m working dia and 12m working length. The operating temperatures can be as high as 425 Deg C and pressures up to 15 barg.  This will meet the requirements of    Aerospace Industry, Research and Educational  Institutes.  The  technology  has  been  transferred  to  two  private industries. In the last 7-8 years several autoclaves have been supplied to various organisations  in  the  strategic  sector  as  well  as  academic  institutions.  The autoclave technology has been largely successful in promoting the local ecosystem, mitigating imports and creating millions of employment man-hours within the country.
-  Electronics  Augmentation  on  Bullet  Resistant  Bunker  (BRB)  Vehicle: CSIR-CMERI  electronically  augment  BRB  vehicle  of  CRPF.  The  augmented features includes: Display with Wide Coverage to achieve a Wide FOV (Field of view)  over a High Range;  High Speed Video Transmission to Remote Location with Dynamic Cellular Network Assignment via Channel Bonding for High Speed Video Transmission; Public Addressing System (PAS) with Siren to help address the mob from vehicle; Search-cum-spot light  aids operations during night or low light scenarios: Range 100-150 m and GPS aided navigation & tracking system -  allows the authorities to get the locational update of  the vehicle with tracker accuracy upto  10m. The augmented vehicle was handed over to CRPF on July 18, 2019 in the presence of DG, CSIR and DG, CRPF. The vehicle was during Shri Amarnath Ji Yatra 2019.
-  Hydrogen  Standard  in  Steel: Certified  reference  material  (CRM)  used  for determination of hydrogen in steel by hot fusion technique is cumbersome in terms  of  both  cost  and  time  as  it  an  import  product  to  India.  CSIR-NML  has developed  an  indigenous  hydrogen  standard  (CRM)  in  steel  as  an  import substitution.  The  CRM  developed  are  cost  effective  (≈50%  reduced  cost) compared  to  available  import  standard.  CSIR-NML  is  in  advance  stage  in commercializing the hydrogen standard in steel as an indigenous product for the Indian customers.
-  Technology for Organic Farming: CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIRNCL), Pune, has signed a Technology Licensing Agreement with Greenvention Biotech  Pvt.  Ltd,  Pune,  for  integrated  pest  and  pathogen  management  in agriculture using fungi and their metabolites , on 12 th  June 2019. Eco-Friendly, integrated  pest  management  in  agriculture  approach  has  been  developed  at CSIR-NCL  as  a  technology  using  microorganisms  such  as  fungi  and  their products. An eco-friendly, cost-effective, integrated pest management shall be useful to the farmers having small land holdings as well as to the farmers who export agricultural produce that has no chemical residues. Greenvention Biotech Pvt. Ltd is a start-up from Uruli-Kanchan (Pune) works on several agriculturerelated products.
-  Improved  PNG (Piped Natural  Gas)  Burner: There  are  more  than  50  lakh registered domestic PNG users in India. Due to unavailability of dedicated PNG burner / stove customers are using common LPG stoves modified for PNG which is  unsafe  and  highly  inefficient.  In  view  of  this,  CSIR-IIP  has  developed  a domestic cooking burner for the efficient and safe application of Piped Natural Gas (PNG) with the financial support of PCRA, New Delhi. The developed PNG burner can save up to 25% of the precious fuel (PNG) ensuring the user safety at the same time.
-  Technology  for  effective  delivery  of  pheromones  in  fields: Pest  attack results  in  a  loss  of  food  produce  worth  US$  470  billion  globally.  Pests  are conventionally managed by spraying pesticides that could pollute soil and ground water.  Pest  control  using  sex  pheromones  is  a  revolutionary  technology  to selectively treat pests, without the use of pesticides and without harming helpful insects. CSIR-NCL has developed technology for effective delivery of pheromones in fields.
-  Salt Free Tanning Technology: Enabling the Indian leather industry for global competitiveness at reduced environmental impact, more than 10 million square feet  of  leather  processed  based  on  CSIR-Central  Leather  Research  Institute (CSIR-CLRI) developed technologies.  The UNIDO, Vienna joined hands with CSIR-CLRI to establish UNIDO-CLRI Centre for Salt Free Tanning;
-  Development  and  licensing  of  affordable  Water  Disinfection  System Oneer TM : CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow has developed technology for 'Drinking Water Disinfection System' with Trade name 'Oneer TM '. It is useful for continuous treatment of water. The technology of 'Drinking Water Disinfection System' was transferred to M/s Bluebird Water Purifiers, New Delhi. Oneer developed by CSIR-IITR will provide safe and clean drinking water at a cost of just 2 Paise / Ltr. The Community level model is of 450 LPH capacity. It can be scaled up to 5000 to 1 lakh L/day.
-  Waterless Chrome Tanning Technology- a Game Changing Technology: Chromium is the most sought after tanning agent with about 2.0 billion sq. ft. of leather being made in India. About 20 thousand tons of chrome tanning agent is discharged in the wastewater. In order to overcome the problem, CSIR-CLRI has developed waterless chrome  tanning technology. The  waterless tanning technology has now found PAN INDIA acceptance, with tanners in all clusters enrolling  for  its  adoption.  The  technology  has  been  put  to  use  in  about  50 tanneries  in  the  country.  This  is  truly  a  game  changing  technology  that  has emerged from the CSIR through CLRI.
-  High Grade Gelatin from and Protein Hydrolysate from Raw Hide and Skin Trimming  Wastes: Gelatin  is  widely  used  in  the  pharmaceutical  industry  to make capsules for drugs as well as in the food industry to make jelly candies, ice cream,  and  as  thickening  agent  in  cakes  and  soups.Leather  processing generates  huge  amount  of  raw  trimming  wastes.  CSIR-CLRI  has  developed technology for making high grade gelatin from waste material-trimmings of raw hide. The technology developed by CSIR-CLRI is towards complete utilization of proteinous constituents present in the trimmings. This technology is exclusively licensed at a cost of Rs. One Crore to M/s Anipro Manufacturing Company for making gelatin and protein hydrolysate within India.
-  Coal dust collecting and briquetting system: It is pertinent to collect the dust from mine roads and put it to alternative use not only for reducing air pollution but also for improving the health of local populace. Road dust collecting system

has been developed. CSIR-CIMFR has transferred the patented technology to M/s Tata Motors Limited, Mumbai.

-  Phytopharmaceutical  for  Glucocorticoid-induced  Osteoporosis: Globally glucocorticoid  is  the  third  biggest  cause  of  osteoporosis.  CSIR-CDRI  has developed a standardized fraction of Cassia occidentalis Linn. for the treatment of  glucocorticoid-induced  osteoporosis  and  muscular  atrophy.  Technology licensed to M/s Pharmanza Herbals Pvt Ltd., Gujarat for further development and commerciazation as a Phytopharmaceutical drug. The  product is under development in Phyto-pharmaceutical mode and would be available in Indian and the U.S. market after completing necessary studies as per the regulatory guidelines
-  Safe Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste utilising high temperature plasma: The  technology  has  been  developed  for  effective  &  eco-friendly  disposal of municipal solid waste material generated on daily basis and generation of fuel gas containing predominantly CO and H2 utilizating high temperature (>3000  o C) Plasma arc. The technology has been licensed to M/s Positronics Innovation Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, WB for commercialization on non-exclusive basis for a period of 5 years.
-  Indigenous Nano-Materials for Construction: CSIR-CBRI has developed cost effective  nano-silica  (n-SiO2)  for  high  performance  concrete  to  replace  silica fume,  an  imported  material.  The  prepared  SNPs  are  amorphous,  powdered, spherical and particle size ranges from 20-50 nm. Pilot Plant for preparation of SNPs has been installed and running successfully. The developed nano-silica will  result  in  speedy  construction  with  higher  performance  and  enhanced durability. It can be us as an admixture in cement/ concrete.
-  Salivary Fluoride Detection Kit: The indigenous salivary fluoride level detection kit and sensor station is unprecedented in its kind towards diagnosis of salivary fluoride level for the welfare and betterment of the society. It protects from Dental Caries; helps in remineralization; protects against tooth decay; and helps prevent premature  tooth  loss.  The  Technology  has  been  transferred  to  two  Indian Industries for commercialization for a period of 5 years.
-  CSIR technologies and products for Medium, Small & Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) - Catalysing upgradation, promotion & development: A directory of CSIR technologies (642 in number) has been created and shared with DC, MSME.  Technology/product demonstration and awareness raising events have been  organised  on  Medicinal  &  Aromatic  plants,  Leather,  Electrochemical Technologies and Food & Food Processing.
-  Anti-diabetes Herbal Drug Launched: Focused efforts towards Affordable Healthcare -  The  CSIR  constituent  laboratories  CSIR-National  Botanical Research Institute  (CSIR-NBRI)  and  CSIR-Central  Institute  for  Medicinal  and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) have jointly developed an anti-diabetic herbal formulation from a combination of natural extracts derived from six plant species mentioned in ancient Ayurveda texts. The drug, BGR-34, was approved by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) after it was tested on patients over a period of 18 months across the states of Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Karnataka. The drug, to be taken as an add-on or adjuvant to existing diabetes treatment, helps in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, in addition to improving the immune system, releasing antioxidants and checking free radicals. About 67% patients showed normal blood sugar levels within 3-4 days of drug usage. The drug has

been licensed to Delhi-based Aimil Pharamaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. for commercialization. The herbal drug costs Rs. 5 per pill, and has been launched in parts of North India.

-  Certification  of  Coal  used  in  Power  Plants  -  Supporting  Stakeholders  CSIR entered into an MoU with Coal Supplying Companies and Power Utilities for  quality  analysis  of  coal  being  supplied  to  power  utilities  by  coal  supplying companies. This collaboration will enhance efficiency of use of coal by power sector. The MoU was signed on June 28, 2016 at Anusandhan Bhavan, New Delhi, in the august presence of Dr. Harsh Vardhan, the then Hon'ble Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR and Mr. Piyush Goyal, the then Hon'ble Minister of State (IC) of Power, Coal and New and Renewable Energy. As a part of the MoU, CSIR-CIMFR would make use of its knowledgebase support in maintaining the quality of coal at national level for the  entire  power  sector.  The  certification  helps  power  plants  to  use  coal appropriate to the machinery and technology available in the plant and contribute to  efficient  use  and,  in  the  long  run,  reduce  emissions.  It  provides  a  robust mechanism  for  proper  inspection  of  coal  and  overtime  [and  has  led  to  an improvement in the quality of coal.
-  CSIR technologies and products for Medium, Small & Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) - Catalysing upgradation, promotion & development: A directory of CSIR technologies (642 in number) has been created and shared with DC, MSME.  Technology/product demonstration and awareness raising events have been  organised  on  Medicinal  &  Aromatic  plants,  Leather,  Electrochemical Technologies and Food & Food Processing.
-  Streptokinase: From Natural to Recombinant to Next-generation Drugs CSIR has developed a portfolio of Streptokinase technology, a vital, life-saver injectable  protein  cardiovascular  drug.  Natural  and  recombinant  streptokinase developed by CSIR is already in the market benefiting the people of the country. CSIR  has  also  designed  a  state-of-the-art  clot  buster  protein  (Clot  Specific Streptokinase) which shows strong promise as a 'clot-specific' thrombolytic drug has  received  clearance  from  DCGI  and  is  currently  in  Phase  II  clinical  trials. Further,  it  has  developed  new  generation  of  clot-busters  comprising  clinically beneficial thrombolytic molecules with enhanced half-lives so that lower doses can be given in a single-shot bolus as well as target (fibrin/clot) specificity.
-  Vaccine  against  Johne's  disease  Johne's  disease  (JD)  is  progressive granulomatous  enteritis  of  ruminants  characterized  by  untreatable,  profuse, chronic diarrhoea, weight loss, and emaciation. JD may be the major cause of reduced productivity  in  Indian  animals,  which  number  over  200  million.  JD  is endemic in the ruminant population of India and has also been reported from human beings. Two formulations of vaccine i.e. JD Oil and JD Gel have been developed  under  the  CSIR-NMITLI  Scheme  with  M/s  Biovet  Private  Limited, Bengaluru. The vaccine is the first indigenous vaccine against Johne's disease affecting ruminants. The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved and State Drug Authority, Karnataka has issued drug manufacturing license for manufacture of the vaccine developed.
-  Anti-diabetes Herbal Drug Launched: Focused efforts towards Affordable Healthcare -  The  CSIR  constituent  laboratories  CSIR-National  Botanical Research Institute  (CSIR-NBRI)  and  CSIR-Central  Institute  for  Medicinal  and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) have jointly developed an anti-diabetic herbal formulation from a combination of natural extracts derived from six plant species

mentioned in ancient Ayurveda texts. The drug, BGR-34, was approved by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) after it was tested on patients over a period of 18 months across the states of Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Karnataka. The drug, to be taken as an add-on or adjuvant to existing diabetes treatment, helps in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, in addition to improving the immune system, releasing antioxidants and checking free radicals. About 67% patients showed normal blood sugar levels within 3-4 days of drug usage. The drug has been licensed to Delhi-based Aimil Pharamaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. for commercialization. The herbal drug costs Rs. 5 per pill, and has been launched in parts of North India.

-  eSkIN -  An in  silico Platform  for  Skin  Data  Analysis  -  Under  the CSIRNMITLI  project  CSIR-IGIB  and  CSIR-NCL  in  collaboration  with  NII,  JNU  and Persistent Systems Ltd., has developed and launched 'eSkIN', a first- of- itskind computational platform that converts large scale high-throughput omics data into biomedical knowledge. It empowers skin researchers to predict the effects of  their  compounds on human skin in a cost and time  - efficient manner with reduced animal testing.
-  Mercury-free UV lamps for Water Purifiers - Green Solutions for Societal Problems  The  CSIR-Central  Electronics  Engineering  Research  Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani has developed mercury-free plasma (MFP) UV-lamp for water disinfection systems which would provide water free of environmentally and  health  hazardous  mercury.  The  developed  MFP-UV-lamp  is  a  better alternative  for  mercury-based  UV  lamps  and  has  been  well-tested  in  the household  water  purifier  systems.  This  is  a  first  of  its  kind  worldwide.  The technology  can  also  be  used  for  sterilization  of  food,  medical  equipment, surfaces, ill-skin conditions, air-conditioners and air fresheners for hospitals, etc. The technology has been transferred to two companies for its mass production.
-  Environment-friendly  process  for  conversion  of  ilmenite  to  titanium feedstock:  Niche  technologies  for  'Make  in  India'  Ilmenite  is  a  natural mineral present in the beach sands of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The environmentfriendly  process  technology  developed  by  CSIR-NIIST,  Thiruvananthapuram involves the conversion of ilmenite to beneficiated titanium feedstock, which is the base material for production of titanium metal and titanium dioxide, two critical products  used  in  the  aerospace,  automotive,  medical,  sports,  cosmetics  and paint industries. The new process developed involves a 70 per cent reduction in acid consumption and the bulk of the iron values are removed in the form of oxides  free  of  excess  acidity  and  chloride  contamination.  The  laboratory  has joined  hands  with  the  Tamil  Nadu-based  V.V.  Minerals for  demonstrating  the process at a pilot plant to be established at Gummidipoondy, near Chennai. The plant  would  produce  100  tonnes  of  beneficiated  ilmenite  per  day  for  test marketing,  consumer  feedback  and  generation  of  sufficient  engineering  and process data for the design of a commercial production unit.
-  Anaerobic digester to convert household organic kitchen waste to biogas: Interventions  for  Swachh  Bharat  Biodegradable  wastes  from  kitchen contribute significantly to pollution, which demands immediate management and treatment.  The  technology  for  converting  household  organic  kitchen  waste  to biogas was developed by CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram. Each anaerobic digester has a capacity to convert up to 3kg per day bio-degradable kitchen waste which

will be converted to 400 litre biogas which can be used as fuel. In the process, it will discharge about 2.5 litres of manure which can be used for kitchen garden. The technology has been transferred to Pune based company, Mailhem Ikos Environment Pvt Ltd and will also be utilised by Thiruvananthapuram Corporation.

-  CSIR-Centre for Strategic Urban Management (C-SUM) - Interventions for Swachh Bharat CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute has established a Centre for Strategic Urban Management (C-SUM), which aims to  involve  urban  local  bodies  and  stakeholders  for  building  smart sustainable cities.  C-SUM  will  provide  the  solutions  to  improve  the  city's  environmental quality and reduce carbon footprint. It will also address the local environmental issues  on  priority  to  better  achieve  sustainable  urbanization  with  appropriate environmental planning, management capacity and policy application. C-SUM will  form  a  nation-wide  network for implementation of effective strategies with respect to water and waste water management, management of urban flooding, storm water and sanitation. Innovative technological solutions will be provided for the site-specific sewage and waste water treatment. C-SUM will also suggest waste management strategies for betterment of environment and health.
-  Carbonated Fruit Juices as an Alternative to Soft Drinks CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI) has developed the technology for carbonation  of fruit juices. The  laboratory has  created  standardized carbonated drinks based on grape, pomegranate, sweet lime, sugarcane and neera (coconut palm sap) flavours. The fizzy fruit juice formulations, promoted as 'healthy' and 'nutritious' drinks are suitable for all age groups, and particularly suited to the carbonated preferences of the younger generation of consumers. The products have a shelf life of about 2-4 months at room temperature.
-  Broad Spectrum Confocal Microscope, A World Class 'Made in India' Highend Product based on Supercontinuum Light Source launched Under the CSIR-NMITLI Programme, CSIR has indigenously designed and developed a complex  Broadband  Confocal  Microscope  in  partnership  with  M/s  Vinvish Technologies  Pvt.  Ltd.,  Thiruvananthapuram  and  CSIR-CGCRI,  Kolkata.  The confocal microscope uses a Supercontinuum light generating source based on a patented photonic crystal fiber (PCF) technology d  eveloped by CSIR-CGCRI. Further, the system has been integrated together as a plug and play system, into the Broadband Confocal Microscope developed by the collaborating partners. This  is  a  first  of  kind  Reflective  Confocal  Microscope  based  on  its  own supercontinuum light generating source in the world.
-  Simultaneous Production of US Grade Gasoline and Pure Benzene from FCC C6 Heart Cut - Plant Commissioned by Industry CSIR-Indian Institute of  Petroleum  (CSIR-IIP),  Dehradun  carried  out  substantial  experimental  and simulation studies with feedstock provided by M/s Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)  and  demonstrated  that  US  grade  gasoline  and  pure  benzene  can  be simultaneously  produced  from  a  FCC  C6  heart  cut  stream  using  extractive distillation  (ED)  route  with  aqueous  NMP  as  the  solvent.  The  gasoline  thus produced  has  sulphur  content  <10ppm  and  benzene  <0.3%.  As  per  the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US, it is mandatory to meet an annual average gasoline benzene content standard of 0.62 volume per cent for gasoline,  both  reformulated  and  conventional.  The  technology  has  been transferred to RIL which had set up 600,000 MTPA unit costing Rs.160.00 crore. The  unit  based  on  this  technology  was  successfully  commissioned  in  RIL

Jamnagar  DTA  site  under  J3  Expansion  Project  in  May  2016,  and  is  under smooth operation with design throughput. The on specification raffinate product (less than 0.2 vol.-% Benzene) from the plant was sent to storage for blending and sales.

-  DHVANI,  a  state-of-the-art  marksmanship  training  system  approved  for induction into the Indian  Army  DHVANI - Detection and Hit Visualization using Acoustic N-wave Identification system has been developed by CSIR for perfecting marksmanship skills by accurately determining the location of bullet impact and providing real-time feedback. After rigorous field trials at Army ranges in  Bengaluru,  Secunderabad,  and  Infantry  School  Mhow,  the  well  validated training system has been approved for induction into the Indian Army in July, 2014.
-  Setting up of India's first Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamics Research Tunnel : CSIR has set up a Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamics Research Tunnel (MART) at the  CSIR-National  Aerospace  Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL)  campus,  Bengaluru. The tunnel, first of its kind in India, will be used to test the fixedwing , flappingwing and rotary-wing MAVs in the 500 mm wingspan category. The tunnel was set up under the National Programme on Micro Air Vehicles (NP-MICAV). The project is jointly  coordinated by CSIR, the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) and the Department of Science & Technology. The stateof-the-art tunnel would address all the aerodynamic, propulsion and aero-elastic issues related to MAVs.
-  Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) for Strategic  applications: CSIR-CEERI has developed five different versions of Low temperature co-fired ceramics  (LTCC)  micro-hotplates.  These  micro-hotplates  have  achieved  a temperature of 300 o C with power consumption less than 1 watt and size 3.5x3.5 mm 2 .  These  micro-hotplates  have  high  temperature  stability,  are  reliable  and ruggedized for harsh adverse environment. These are being used by Solid State Physics Laboratory (DRDO), Delhi, CSIR-CGCRI, and CSIR-CSIO for various sensor  applications.  Armament  Research  Board  of  Ministry  of  Defence, Government  of  India has issued an appreciation letter  to  CSIR-CEERI recognizing the contributions.
-  Hydrofluorocarbons Manufacturing Technology for Refrigerators: Towards 'Make  in  India': A  technology  to  manufacture  hydrofluorocarbons  used  in refrigeration systems as a coolant to reduce global warming has been developed by the CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad. The technology has been denied by MNCs in the US, UK, France, Japan and China, which have vested interests of only selling the gas for a high price. The indigenous technology so developed has already been  transferred  to  two  industries  that  have  funded  the  research,  with  one industry already setting up a manufacturing plant producing 50 per cent of the need of the country. The gas is sold to refrigerator manufacturing companies for use as a coolant.
-  Plasma  Gelsolin  Diagnostic  Kit  for  Prematurity  and  Sepsis  -  Focus  on Affordable Disease Diagnostics: Plasma gelsolin, a circulating actin-binding protein  serving  a  protective  role  against  tissue  injuries  is  fast  emerging  as  a health condition biomarker. Depletion of plasma gelsolin in systemic inflammation  contributes  to  adverse  outcomes.  Plasma  gelsolin  repletion  in compromised cases is under Phase 1 and 2 trials. CSIR-IMTECH, Chandigarh has developed two mass-production ready plate based kits to estimate plasma gelsolin levels in humans. While, most other labs including commercial set-ups

are focusing on improving bulk production of this protein, CSIR-IMTECH has developed bonsai versions of this protein by structure-based insights. Further, CSIR-IMTECH has successfully demonstrated the anti-sepsis properties of the miniaturized  versions  in  LPS-induced  sepsis  model  of  mice.  The  kits  thus developed  will  help  in  determining  a  quantitative  measure  of  sepsis.  The laboratory is also testing the kits viability in predicting cases of preterm birth. The kits come with a cell phone based application for measuring the gelsolin value and providing a prognosis on the patient status. The novel inventions have been patented.

-  Whole Genome Sequencing of Holy basil (Tulsi) - Using modern biology tools to better understand traditional knowledge: CSIR has published whole genome sequence of Ocimum sanctum, the sacred plant of Hindu tradition. The nuclear genome of Holy basil is the smallest (386 Mb) in the family Lamiaceae while the chloroplast genome (142,245 bp) is the smallest in the order Lamiales. This is the first report of complete genome sequence of the holy basil, using a composite next generation sequencing technologies. The whole  genome sequencing  of  the  species  paves  way  to  understand  and  further  unravel  its secrets so as to provide scientific validity to the traditional claims of its utility in diverse medicinal usage. All parts of this ancient herb such as dried leaf, dried seed, and dried whole plant are used in several systems of traditional medicine, including Ayurveda, Greek, Roman, Siddha, and Unani. The availability of the genome  sequence  also  opens  the  possibility  to  identify  genes  involved  in producing  therapeutic  molecules  and  to  produce  them  in  vitro.  This  will  also facilitate  identification  of  not  yet  identified  genes  involved  in  the  synthesis  of important  secondary  metabolites  in  this  plant.  In  addition,  specific  pathway related genes identified or mined in this genome could be used for the production of secondary metabolites following synthetic biology approaches.
-  Mobile  Bridge  Inspection  Unit  (MBIU)  and  Pothole  Repairing  Machine (PATCHFILL) licensed to seven industries for commercialization: The CSIR's technologies are for unmet needs and are an effort towards 'Make in India'. The MBIU is an electro-mechanical device mounted on a truck that provides access to intricate part of bridges within a short period and facilitates structural engineers to conduct Visual/Non-destructive testing inspection of road bridges. PATCHFILL is a compact machine for quick, safe and economic repair of potholes using cold mix with efficiency matching to giant machines serving the same purpose.
-  Process flow sheet for beneficiation of  low  grade  Iron  ore  sample  from Shire-Mentebteb, Ethopia : About 500 million tonnes of iron ore resources are located  in  Shire-Mentebteb  region  of  Ethiopia.  The  deposit  is  a  lean  grade goethitic ore and it is to be concentrated to a level suitable for utilization through blending with high grade concentrate for iron and steel making. CSIR-NML has developed a process flow­ sheet for beneficiation of the low grade iron ore as saying 33.17% Fe to produce concentrate with 51% Fe.
-  Exploration of natural resources for oil and gas Collaboration of CSIR and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., (ONGC) to collect geophysical data from ONGC oil fields in the Krishna Godavari basin off the east coast of India has been established.
-  Environmentally-benign Inorganic Pigments CSIR has developed non-toxic IR  reflective  blue,  yellow  and  green  inorganic  pigments  based  on  rare earths which  provide  more  than  90%  reflectance  of  heat  inducing  near  infra-red radiations  from  the  sun.  The  potential  utility  of  the  nano-pigments  as  'Cool

Pigments' was demonstrated by coating on to a building roofing material like cement  slab  and  PVC  coatings.  The  synthesized  nano-pigment  formulations were also evaluated for use in automobile and electrical cable industries. The technology of non-toxic solar heat reflecting inorganic blue pigment has been transferred to Cera Décor India Ltd., New Delhi.

-  Mobile Pilot  Plant  for  Toxic  Emission  Monitoring  for  Small  and  Medium Scale  Industries  The  developed  intervention  is  for  undertaking  flue  gas emission monitoring and control studies in various industries including Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMEs). The performance in terms of techno-economic feasibility will be checked and a system for control of emissions will be provided in the pilot scale which can be scaled up for full scale installation.
-  E-Nose to Detect Toxic Fumes - Sensors based Innovative Solution for Monitoring  Environmental  Pollution :  The  CSIR-NEERI,  Nagpur  and  the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) have jointly developed the first indigenous  "electronic nose'  that can  sniff out volatile organic compounds (VOCs) potentially harmful to human life in a very short time. The portable  instrument  measures  odour  concentration  and  intensity,  besides identifying individual chemicals causing the foul smell.  This has been the first attempt in India to develop such a product using odour sensors that make use of intelligent  software  to  identify  odorous  molecules.  The  E-nose  has  been successfully put to use at Mysore Paper Mills, Bhadravathi, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Paper Mill, Karur and International Paper Private Limited, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
-  Improved  Variety  of  Ashwagandha  Released  -  Enhancing  Livelihood  of Farmers :  Ashwagandha  ( Withania  somnifera ),  the  Indian  ginseng  or  Winter Cherry  forms  essential  constituent  or  whole  of  100  traditional  medicine formulations. Under the CSIR-NMITLI Scheme, a new improved high yielding variety of Ashwagandha, NMITLI-101 has been developed through the strong collaborative  efforts  of  four  CSIR  laboratories  namely,  CSIR-NBRI,  CSIRCIMAP, CSIR-CDRI and CSIR-IICB. The chemotype, NMITLI-101 is an improved variety  rich  in  major  withanolides  (active  compounds)  such  as  withaferin  A, withanone and withanolide A. The average root yield from NMITLI-101 crop is about 25 quintal/hectare  and  the  seed  production from  the  variety  is  up  to  3 quintal/ha, under optimum conditions. The  roots of the variety have excellent immunomodulation activity responsible for its medicinal properties. During the 73 rd   CSIR  Foundation  Day  in  September  2015,  the  variety  NMITLI-101  was released by Hon'ble Hon'ble Minister, S&T and ES. During the function, the team has also created  a  comprehensive  knowledge  resource which contains information on the genomic resources, value added germplasm, pharmacological research results and agro-technologies developed for the improved varieties of Ashwagandha. This comprehensive knowledge resource is assimilated in the form of a dedicated and interactive website.
-  Spin-offs, knowledge equity, technology incubation centres and scientific entrepreneurship : Towards boosting creation of knowledge enterprises A start-up company (BIOLMED Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) has been setup at the CSIRNCL  Venture  Center.  This  company,  developing  silk  based  scaffolds  for biological applications, has  been  selected  to receive funds through the Biotechnology Incubation Grant (BIG) administered by Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) of DBT.

##  International Collaborations

- o Training for SAARC  countries : CSIR is involved in training of Researchers and government officials from SAARC Countries in the area of Coastal Zone & River Basin Management. This is being sponsored by the  SAARC Centre for Coastal Zone Management, Maldives. CSIR has initiated  a  dialogue  with  the  SAARC  Secretariat,  Kathmandu  to  take  up socially  relevant  collaborative  S&T  projects.  Two  of  the  relevant  areas identified were arsenic free drinking water for rural masses and developing marketable products from medicinal and aromatic plants through regional value  chains.  CSIR  is  also  helping  some  SAARC  and  African  countries towards the human resource development (HRD) of their young scientists through attachment training programmes in CSIR laboratories.
- o Signing of MoU with MIDI, Ethopia and Visit of Ethiopian Delegates: A letter  of  Intent  (LoI)  was  signed  between  the  Council  of  Scientific  & Industrial  Research  (CSIR),  India  and  the  Metals  Industry  Development Institute  (MIDI),  Ministry  of  Industry,  Federal  Democratic  Republic  of Ethiopia (FDRE) on August 6, 2014.  five-member Ethiopian Delegation led by H. E. Mr. Tadesse Haile, Hon. State Minister, Ministry of Industry visited CSIR, New Delhi and a few constituent laboratories of CSIR to enter into a new  twinning  arrangement  with  CSIR,  India  for  capacity  and  capability building of 'Ethiopian metals and engineering sectors' through the Metals Industry Development Institute (MIDI), Ministry of Industry, FDRE.
- o Working programme between CSIR and Vietnam National University: A  'Working  Programme'  between  CSIR  and  the  Vietnam  National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam for the years 2014-16 was signed for S&T collaboration  in  the  areas  of  Chemical  Science  &  Technology  and Geosciences, Oceanography and Climate Change. This was in continuation with the MoU signed between CSIR and VNU during the state visit  of  H.  E.  Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong, General Secretary, the Communist Party of Vietnam on November 20, 2013.
- o Under India's G20 Presidency, CSIR organized G20 RIIG Conference on Materials for Sustainable Energy gets underway in Ranchi during 02-03 March 2023: CSIR organized the Research and Innovation Initiative Gathering (RIIG) Conference on 'Materials for Sustainable Energy' during 02-03 March 2023 at Ranchi under India's G20 Presidency. Various facets of 'Materials for Sustainable Energy' were discussed under three sessions, viz., (i) 21st Century Challenges Related to Energy Materials & Devices, (ii) Solar Energy Utilisation and Photovoltaic Technology, and (iii) Materials and Processes for Green Energy. Leading experts were drawn from institutions such  as  IITs,  IISERs,  CSIR  Labs;  industries;  think  tanks  including  NITI Aayog; and Indian Energy Storage Alliance. Twenty foreign delegates from ten G20 member countries, six invited guest countries and an international organisation joined the two-day conference. From India, 38 delegates and special  invitees  from  scientific  departments,  research  and  academic institutions and industry participated in the RIIG Conference.
- o MoU  between  CSIR,  India  and  BCSIR,  Bangladesh: In  an  important milestone  in  S&T  Cooperation  between  India  and  Bangladesh,  an  MoU between CSIR, India and Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research  (BCSIR)  was  concluded on  6  September  2022  to  establish  a

broad framework to promote scientific and technological cooperation. The MoU, signed by Dr. N. Kalaiselvi, DG, CSIR and Dr. Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh, Chairman, BCSIR, was exchanged at New Delhi in the presence of Hon'ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi and Hon'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Ms. Sheikh Hasina.

- o MoU  between  CSIR,  India  and  AMEXCID,  Mexico: In  a  landmark milestone  in  S&T  Cooperation  between  India  and  Mexico,  an  MoU  on Research,  Technology  &  Innovation  cooperation  was  signed  between CSIR,  India  and  the  Mexican  Agency  for  International  Development Cooperation  (AMEXCID)  of  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs  of  the  United Mexican  States.  The  MoU  shall  facilitate  cooperation  in  the  areas  of research, technological development/deployment, innovation and capacity building, with an objective to expand knowledge and strengthen Intuitional capacities in both the countries. The collaboration would focus in the areas of  Aerospace,  Electronics  Instrumentation  &  Strategic  Sectors;  Civil, Infrastructure & Engineering; Ecology, Environment, Earth, Ocean Sciences & Water; Mining, Minerals, Metals & Materials; Chemicals & Petrochemicals; Energy & Energy Devices; Agriculture, Nutrition & Biotechnology; and Healthcare. Special focus on technology and industry collaboration has been structured in the MoU  (supporting start-up ecosystem  and  existing  industry  through  technology  partnerships,  tailormaking each other's technologies/products and demonstration/deployment, establishing joint outreach centres and capacity building centres).
- o MoU between CSIR, India and Institut Pasteur, France: CSIR, India and Institut  Pasteur,  France  signed  an  MoU  on  January  25,  2022 for  jointly researching and focusing on emerging and remerging infectious diseases and  inherited  disorders  and  enable  delivery  of  effective  and  affordable healthcare solutions not only for the people of India and France but for the global  good.  The  MoU  provides  for  developing  potential  scientific  and technological cooperation and networking in advanced and emerging areas of Human Health between scientists and institutes/laboratories of CSIR and Institut Pasteur and its international network.
- o Access Agreement signed with new foreign patent offices : CSIR-TKDL has signed TKDL Access Agreement with Institut National de la Propriété Industrielle  (National  Industrial  Property  Institute),  France  and  Eurasian Patent  Organization  (EAPO)  on  16  Sep  2022  and  21  Feb  2023, respectively. With these agreements, 16 patent offices worldwide have now access to TKDL database as prior art related to Indian traditional knowledge for the purposes of patent grant procedure.
-  CSIR's  contributions  towards  mitigation  of  SARS-CoV2  pandemic: The unprecedented  situation  arisen  due  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  has  posed multifarious S&T challenges. CSIR has responded to the situation with a wellcoordinated and integrated approach in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders. CSIR extended all possible R&D support to the industry and also aligned  to  the  Government's  strategy  of  mitigation  of  outbreak.  Within  the constraints  of  the  lockdown  in  the  country,  CSIR  took  initiatives  under  five verticals: Digital and Molecular Surveillance; Rapid and Economical Diagnosis; Development of new drugs/repurposing of drugs; Hospital Assistive Devices and PPEs; and Supply chain and logistics. CSIR has developed 100+ technologies

under  these  technology  verticals.  Some  of  the  significant  technologies  and processes developed by CSIR are as under:

- o CRISPR/ Cas based paper diagnostic test (FELUDA)
- o Dry-Swab-Direct-RTPCR Diagnostic
- o Clinical Trials of Ayurveda based drugs
- o CSIR-IICT  assisted  and  helped  in  fulfilling 'vaccine  for  all' motto  by developing  ascalable  and  cost-effective  synthetic  process  for Adjuvant molecule for Covaxin - an indigenously developed vaccine for Covid-19 mitigation by Bharat Biotech International Ltd.
- o SwasthVayu Non-invasive Ventilator developed by CSIR-NAL.
- o Oxygen Plants set-up by CSIR-IIP
- o Make-Shift Hospitals for Covid-19 patients developed by CSIR labs
- o UV  Disinfection  Systems  installed  at the four sensitive locations in Parliament House Complex: LokSabha Chamber; Central Hall of Parliament; Committee Room No. 62 & 63
- o Air surveillance for SARS-CoV2 in hospitals and home settings
- o Octacopter drones for Vaccine delivery
- o PPE Coveralls developed by CSIR-NAL
- o A  cost-effective  process  of  Favipiravir  for  the  treatment  of  COVID-19 patients  has  been  developed  by  CSIR-IICT.  CSIR-IICT  developed  the process using locally available chemicals to synthesise this Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and transferred the technology to Cipla. Cipla has launched this in the market as Ciplenza.

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## Significant measures/ initiatives undertaken in the domain of Medical Imaging Solutions

## Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

The CSIR being in role of technology provider for the industry, has operationalized desired  mechanisms  to  boost  entrepreneurship,  which  could  lead  to  enhanced creation and commercialization of radical and disruptive innovations, underpinning the development of new economic sectors. CSIR continuously supports for development of  technological  solutions  through  its  network  of  national  laboratories  and  is  also making efforts  for  development  of  medical  technologies  including  medical  imaging solutions, to facilitate affordable and reliable access. Significant initiatives undertaken by CSIR in the domain are as under:

1. Vascular sclerotherapy guidance and assistance tools for clinical diagnostics and treatment of venous malformations (Vascu-Guide): Infrared imaging-based  image-guided  approach  to  map  and  examine  the  deep  and superficial  venous  to  pinpoint  the  treatment  point  location  during  Vascular sclerotherapy. Imported vein visualization devices are of low resolution, having limited use for sclerotherapy. Proposed technology aims to develop AI powered, hands-free vein visualization and guidance functionality to the assist vascular surgeons during the treatment of venous malformations. The unique features of the technology include hands-free and non-contact visualization and guidance functionality for the vascular surgeons during the treatment of venous malformations. It is an alternative to the conventional low-resolution ultrasound imaging that limits the vascular surgeon to accurately see and treat minute veins, bifurcations  or  clots.  It  gives  high-resolution  vasculature  information  map  on large-screen  with  assistive  software  tools  for  detection  of  the  morphological characteristics of problematic and non-problematic veins for clear visualization and classification useful for vascular surgeon towards treatment planning with recording facility.

Current Status: Clinical data collection, assistive software tools and algorithm fine tuning towards detection and visualization of vein morphological characteristics is in progress.

2. Thermal imaging based non-invasive technique for diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD): The technologies used as gold standard for Knee  OA  severity  prediction  are  X-ray  (Radiography),  MRI  or  CT  scan  that collects information from the target by emitting some waves, energy or radiation towards it. These approaches have certain drawbacks i.e. CT or X-ray scan uses ionizing radiations may have harmful effects if frequent scans are required. In case of MRI it cannot be used if patient is using implants pacemaker etc. Here thermography is used, a technique which 'captures' infrared thermal emissions from subjects. Therefore, there is no harmful radiations or energies are being

used for scanning; this is a non-invasive and non-contact based system. Hence, this system can be used as the first step of diagnosis of Knee OA as an adjunctive tool.

Current Status: CSIR-CSIO Chandigarh, is engaged in design and development of  a  computer-aided  diagnosis  system  utilizing  thermal  imaging  techniques. Through collaborative efforts with PGIMER, the prototype for non-contact and noninvasive  systems  for  the  diagnosis  of  knee  arthritis  and  compartment syndrome  is  developed.  The  developed  system  is  undergoing  trials  with  the participating hospital PGIMER.

3. DRISTISCOPE -Surgical  Microscope: Dristiscope-an operating microscope developed  at  CSIO,  is  primarily  a  medical  instrument  to  assist  the  doctor  in cataract surgery and other ophthalmic surgeries. It is used for precision surgical applications  like  keratoplasty,  keratoprothitics,  and  cataract  operations.  The design is on  the principle of a telescopic magnifier and  five steps of magnification. The salient features of the Dritsiscope are, five step magnification; large  working  distance  between  operation  field  and  microscope;  adequate contrast and resolution; brilliant & uniform illumination; provision of blue & yellow filters; adjustable inter binocular distance (56mm to 75mm); low BOM cost i.e. 50%  as compared global bands etc.

Current Status: Two prototypes have been fabricated and demonstrated to eye surgeons, results are encouraging and Ethical clearance is yet to be obtained and  the  same  is  under  progress.  Expression  of  Intrest  has  been  raised  for technology transfer and future production.

4. Image-Guided Vascular Vein Visualizer: Vein-Viz is an indigenous, affordable, non-contact and portable device for vascular vein detection and visualization in real-time through infrared imaging technique useful for precise catheter insertion or piercing of peripheral veins for persons with hidden and difficult to access vein. It  is  useful towards finding and visualizing clinically relevant difficult to access veins in children, obese and elderly. This device could assist Phlebotomists and healthcare workers improve patient experience by reducing number of sticks, lower  catheter  dwell  time,  and  precise  venipuncture  avoiding  associated complications.

Current Status: Prototype is ready, clinical data acquisition and clinical trials for performance optimization is under process at GMCH, Chandigarh.

5. Embedded  vision  based  intraoral  scanner  for  dental  diagnostics: Nonionizing and portable intraoral scanner device based upon multispectral /multidimensional  illumination  and  embedded  vision  to  detect  and  identify  different aspects  of  tooth  structures  and  its  damage  due  to  caries  quantitatively.  The proposed  dental  scanner  device  is  ideal  for  children,  pregnant  women,  and patients  where  X -Ray  exposure  needs  to  be  avoided.  It  is convenient, inexpensive,  and  rapid  way  to  evaluate  the  dental  structures,  its  anatomy, abnormalities, and diseases.
6. Artificial intelligence based Automated interpretation of echocardiographic image  from  Hand  held  echocardiography  (HHE)  devices: Technological advancements  have  resulted  in  the  emergence  of  miniaturized  handheld echocardiography equipment so echo can be readily performed at the point of care with acceptable image quality. Though hand held echocardiography with low  cost,  simplicity  of  use,  bedside  availability  and  easy  transportability  has encouraged physicians to use these devices for prompt medical decision making and  screening,  their  full  potential  is  still  unrealized.  Despite  clinical  evidence supporting  the  use  of  handheld  devices  in  various  clinical  settings  and  by different  medical  practitioners,  proficiency  in  point-of-care  ultrasound  requires dedicated  training  in  both  performance  and  interpretation  of  echo  image. Development of AI based automated echocardiography image interpretation and pathology  recognition  would  help  a  technical  person  to  interpret  the  scan  as abnormal and provide tertiary care referral. Thus, the facility can be extended to rural/remote  areas  where  cardiology  expertise  is  not  available,  significantly decreasing the cost of health care and allowing patient follow up. This proposed system  is  an  AI  based  Software  tool  for automatic  echocardiographic  image interpretation such as Quantification of Structural and Functional parameters and classification for disease detection of heart.

## Current Status:

The Prototype is under development

Current Status: The project has been approved by ICMR-DHR and the funding will  be  released  soon for carrying out this research work in collaboration with PGIMER, Chandigarh

7. AutoCEPH  -  Cephalometric  Analysis  Software: AutoCEPH©  is  a  2-D cephalometric analysis software to assist orthodontic and maxillofacial surgeons perform  analysis  for  their  patients.  It  has  been  developed  by CSIR-Central Scientific  Instruments  Organisation,  Chandigarh,  India  in  collaboration  with Centre for Dental Education and Research (CDER), AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Current Status: It is available over the web as a service delivery model inspired from a cloud based architecture. AutoCEPH provides maxillofacial surgeons to perform 16 lateral analyses.

## Department of Science and Technology (DST)

DST is  running  a  programme on Biomedical Device and Technology Development (BDTD)  since  year  2016  with  a  focus  on  development  of  devices  and  related technologies. The mandate of BDTD is to evolve and support projects for design & development of devices for:

- Early-Stage  Prototype  Development:  (The  integration  and  testing  of  basic components in a laboratory environment);
- Late-Stage  Prototype  Development  (Fabrication  of  compact  prototype  for testing and validation); and
- Pilot Scale Testing and validation: (Upon completion of the technology's design, fabrication  final  testing  with  limited  number  of  prototypes)  with  mandatory manufacturer industry participation.

The  targeted  categories  include  screening,  diagnostic,  surgical  and  life  support equipments for clinical applications in healthcare sector. The following activities are considered:

- Evolving, supporting and monitoring R&D projects for design & development of devices
- Supporting capacity building activities such as Training Programmes, Workshops/Seminars/ Symposia, brainstorming sessions,  industry-academia interactions.
- Infrastructure creation to promote device development activity.

Under the programme, the DST has also established Biomedical-hubs which house sophisticated facilities to assist as the translational platform used for technology upscaling or prototype development or development of devices in substantial number for market validation. The facility is available to the members striving towards a common goal  on  sharing  basis.   At  present,  3  hubs  have  been  established  at  Chandigarh, Chennai & Delhi.

## Department of Biotechnology (DBT)

DBT  through  its  Public  Sector  Unit  Biotechnology  Industry  Research  Assistance Council (BIRAC) promotes innovation and research in the field of biotechnology across the country through various programs under its PPP schemes and encourage Makein-India products.

DBT-THSTI (a research institution of DBT), through the Garbh-Ini cohort project, has developed artificial intelligence-based tools to provide medical imaging solutions.

Under the supported projects of the Mission, the first Made in India MRI scanner by Voxelgrids Innovations Pvt Ltd. received commercial sale and manufacturing license from CDSCO, Govt of India. This is a compact, lightweight, full body 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner  capable  of  being used  in both stationary and  mobile  configuration, transportable  to  any  location  in  India,  and  potentially  take  medical  imaging  to  the underserved parts.

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