Lok Sabha Question No. 615 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-02-06
Subject: Literacy Rate among Tribal Women
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: Dr. D Ravi Kumar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 615

TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.02.2025

## LITERACY RATE AMONG TRIBAL WOMEN

## 615. DR. D RAVI KUMAR:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a) the steps taken/being taken by the Government to address the low literacy rate among tribal women, who face multiple challenges such as geographic isolation, poverty and socio-cultural barriers;

(b) the details of targeted programmes such as women-centric literacy campaigns, establishment of residential schools for tribal girls and provision of scholarships or financial incentives to encourage their education;

(c) whether the Government has any data on the literacy rates of Scheduled Tribes (STs) including separate figures for men and women and if so, the details thereof, State-wise;

(d) the current Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of STs at the level of school education, including primary, secondary and senior secondary school levels, as well as in higher education; and

(e) whether the Government has undertaken any specific initiatives to increase the GER among STs, particularly in remote and underserved areas and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRIBAL AFFAIRS

## (SHRI DURGADAS UIKEY)

## (a) & (b) and (e):

Ministry  of  Tribal  affairs  has  taken  many  steps  to  address  the  low  literacy  and education rate among tribal women. Development of Tribal women has been a major focus of all MoTA schemes. Three PVTGs, Scholarship EMRS, emphasises on the tribal girls so that low literacy will be removed from this communities.

(i) PVTGs an PM JANMAN: There are certain groups among tribal populations which have declining or stagnant members, low level of literacy, pre-agricultural level of technology and are economically backward. These groups generally inhabit remote localities and have poor infrastructure and administrative support. 75 such groups in 18 States and one UT have been identified and categorized as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). While PVTG communities are being assisted in all the schemes of Central Government, Ministry of Tribal Affairs and the Tribal Welfare Departments of the State Governments, a dedicated scheme was started for such communities in 1998-99. This is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme exclusively for development of PVTGs and 100% funded by Central Government.

Government  has  recently  launched  Pradhan  Mantri  Janjati Adivasi  Nyaya  Maha Abhiyan (PMJANMAN) with financial outlay of around Rs.24,000 crores that aims to  saturate  PVTG  households  and  habitations  with  basic  facilities  such  as  safe housing, clean drinking water and sanitation, improved access to education, health and nutrition, road and telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.PM-JANMAN  focuses  on  11  critical  interventions  to  cover  all  the eligible PVTG beneficiaries / PVTG villages & habitations based on the existing gaps being captured through mobile app developed for the purpose.

(ii)    EMRS: The  Central  Sector  Scheme  of  Eklavya  Model  Residential  School (EMRS) was started in the year 2018-19 to provide quality education at par with Navodaya Vidyalaya to the tribal children in their own environment. Under the new scheme, Government decided to establish 440 EMRSs, one EMRS in every block having more than 50% ST population and at least 20,000 tribal persons (as per census 2011). 288 EMRS schools were initially funded under Grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution, which are being upgraded as per the new model. Accordingly, Ministry has set the target to set up total of 728 EMRSs benefiting around 3.5 lakh ST students across the country.  As on date, 718 schools have been sanctioned, out of  which  476  EMRSs  have  been  reported  to  be  functional  across  the  country benefiting about 1.36 lakh students. National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS),  an  autonomous  body  under  Ministry  of  Tribal Affairs  managing  and implementing scheme of EMRS.

(iii)  Scholarship  Division of  Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs  implements  following ongoing Schemes for providing scholarships to ST students in the country: - i. Pre-Matric Scholarship for ST students (Class IX and X) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented through State/UT administrations. The inviting of applications, processing/verification of applications and disbursement of scholarship is responsibility of State/UT.

ii.  Post  Matric  Scholarship  for  ST  students.  (Class  XI  and  above)  Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented through State/UT administrations. The inviting of applications, processing/verification of applications and disbursement of scholarship is responsibility of State/UT.

iii. National Scholarship for Higher Education for ST students (Top Class)

iv. National Fellowship for ST students (NFST). This is also central sector scheme it has two sub-schemes that is (a) national scholarship schemes for higher education schemes for STs students. It is provided for pursuing graduate post graduate courses in Top Class Institutes (b) this is for students pursing M.Phil or Ph.D in  India after completion of Master degree.

v. National Overseas Scholarship for ST students. This is also central sector scheme for which scholarship is given to ST students for pursuing higher education in Top 1000 ranked Institutes/University abroad.

(iv) NGO: Ministry of Tribal Affairs is implementing the scheme of 'Grants-in-Aid to  V oluntary  Organizations  working  for  the  welfare  of  Scheduled  Tribes'  under which the grants are provided to the Non-Governmental Organizations/ Voluntary Organizations working in the sector of Education, Health & Livelihood. The Grants are  provided  after  their  online  application,  providing  relevant  information,  duly recommended by the concerned State Government/UT Administration.

Under the scheme, for strengthening education of ST girls in low literacy districts, there is special focus where ST Population is 25% or more and ST female literacy rate is below 35% as per latest census.

(c) Yes, the Literacy figure related to Scheduled Tribes for men & women as per census 2011, State-wise is as follows:

Literacy Rates of All Population, ST Population and Gaps: Census 2011

| Sl. No   |                  | Persons   | Persons   | Persons   | Male   | Male   | Male   | Female   | Female   | Female   |
|----------|------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|--------|--------|--------|----------|----------|----------|
| Sl. No   | State / UT       | All       | ST        | Gap       | All    | ST     | Gap    | All      | ST       | Gap      |
|          | INDIA            | 73        | 59        | 14.0      | 80.9   | 68.5   | 12.4   | 64.6     | 49.4     | 15.2     |
| 1        | Jammu &Kashmir   | 67.2      | 50.6      | 16.6      | 76.8   | 60.6   | 16.2   | 56.4     | 39.7     | 16.7     |
| 2        | Himachal Pradesh | 82.8      | 73.6      | 9.2       | 89.5   | 83.2   | 6.3    | 75.9     | 64.2     | 11.7     |
| 3        | Uttarakhand      | 78.8      | 73.9      | 4.9       | 87.4   | 83.6   | 3.8    | 70       | 63.9     | 6.1      |
| 4        | Rajasthan        | 66.1      | 52.8      | 13.3      | 79.2   | 67.6   | 11.6   | 52.1     | 37.3     | 14.8     |

|   5 | Uttar Pradesh       |   67.7 |   55.7 |   12.0 |   77.3 |   67.1 |   10.2 |   57.2 |   43.7 |   13.5 |
|-----|---------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
|   6 | Bihar               |   61.8 |   51.1 |   10.7 |   71.2 |   61.3 |    9.9 |   51.5 |   40.4 |   11.1 |
|   7 | Sikkim              |   81.4 |   79.7 |    1.7 |   86.6 |   85   |    1.6 |   75.6 |   74.3 |    1.3 |
|   8 | Arunachal Pradesh   |   65.4 |   64.6 |    0.8 |   72.6 |   71.5 |    1.1 |   57.7 |   58   |   -0.3 |
|   9 | Nagaland            |   79.6 |   80   |   -0.4 |   82.8 |   83.1 |   -0.3 |   76.1 |   76.9 |   -0.8 |
|  10 | Manipur             |   76.9 |   72.6 |    4.3 |   83.6 |   77.3 |    6.3 |   70.3 |   67.8 |    2.5 |
|  11 | Mizoram             |   91.3 |   91.5 |   -0.2 |   93.3 |   93.6 |   -0.3 |   89.3 |   89.5 |   -0.2 |
|  12 | Tripura             |   87.2 |   79.1 |    8.1 |   91.5 |   86.4 |    5.1 |   82.7 |   71.6 |   11.1 |
|  13 | Meghalaya           |   74.4 |   74.5 |   -0.1 |   76   |   75.5 |    0.5 |   72.9 |   73.5 |   -0.6 |
|  14 | Assam               |   72.2 |   72.1 |    0.1 |   77.8 |   79   |   -1.2 |   66.3 |   65.1 |    1.2 |
|  15 | West Bengal         |   76.3 |   57.9 |   18.4 |   81.7 |   68.2 |   13.5 |   70.5 |   47.7 |   22.8 |
|  16 | Jharkhand           |   66.4 |   57.1 |    9.3 |   76.8 |   68.2 |    8.6 |   55.4 |   46.2 |    9.2 |
|  17 | Odisha              |   72.9 |   52.2 |   20.7 |   81.6 |   63.7 |   17.9 |   64   |   41.2 |   22.8 |
|  18 | Chhattisgarh        |   70.3 |   59.1 |   11.2 |   80.3 |   69.7 |   10.6 |   60.2 |   48.8 |   11.4 |
|  19 | Madhya Pradesh      |   69.3 |   50.6 |   18.7 |   78.7 |   59.6 |   19.1 |   59.2 |   41.5 |   17.7 |
|  20 | Gujarat             |   78   |   62.5 |   15.5 |   85.8 |   71.7 |   14.1 |   69.7 |   53.2 |   16.5 |
|  21 | Daman &Diu          |   87.1 |   78.8 |    8.3 |   91.5 |   86.2 |    5.3 |   79.5 |   71.2 |    8.3 |
|  22 | Dadra &Nagar Haveli |   76.2 |   61.9 |   14.3 |   85.2 |   73.6 |   11.6 |   64.3 |   50.3 |   14   |
|  23 | Maharashtra         |   82.3 |   65.7 |   16.6 |   88.4 |   74.3 |   14.1 |   75.9 |   57   |   18.9 |
|  24 | Telangana           |   66.5 |   49.5 |   17   |   75   |   59.5 |   15.5 |   57.9 |   39.4 |   18.5 |
|  25 | Andhra Pradesh      |   67.4 |   48.8 |   18.6 |   74.8 |   56.9 |   17.9 |   60   |   40.9 |   19.1 |
|  26 | Karnataka           |   75.4 |   62.1 |   13.3 |   82.5 |   71.1 |   11.4 |   68.1 |   53   |   15.1 |
|  27 | Goa                 |   88.7 |   79.1 |    9.6 |   92.6 |   87.2 |    5.4 |   84.7 |   71.5 |   13.2 |
|  28 | Lakshadweep         |   91.8 |   91.7 |    0.1 |   95.6 |   95.7 |   -0.1 |   87.9 |   87.8 |    0.1 |
|  29 | Kerala              |   94   |   75.8 |   18.2 |   96.1 |   80.8 |   15.3 |   92.1 |   71.1 |   21   |

|   30 | Tamil Nadu   |   80.1 |   54.3 |   25.8 |   86.8 |   61.8 |   25 |   73.4 |   46.8 |   26.6 |
|------|--------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|------|--------|--------|--------|
|   31 | A&NIslands   |   86.6 |   75.6 |     11 |   90.3 |   80.9 |  9.4 |   82.4 |   69.9 |   12.5 |

Note: No Notified Scheduled Tribes in Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, NCT of Delhi and Puducherry as in 2011

- (d) :The  current  Gross  Enrolment  Ratio  (GER)  of  STs  at  the  level  of  school  education, including  primary,  secondary  and  senior  secondary  school  levels,  as  well  as  in  higher education as per M/o Education Udise Plus 2023-24 given below:-

Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), 2023-24: Scheduled Tribes (ST)

| India/State/ UT                          | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   | Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) - Scheduled Tribes (ST)   |
|------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| India/State/ UT                          | Primary (1 to 5)                                      | Primary (1 to 5)                                      | Primary (1 to 5)                                      | Upper Primary                                         | Upper Primary                                         | Upper Primary                                         | Elementary (1 to 8)                                   | Elementary (1 to 8)                                   | Elementary (1 to 8)                                   | Secondary (9-10)                                      | Secondary (9-10)                                      | Secondary (9-10)                                      | Higher Secondary (11-12)                              | Higher Secondary (11-12)                              | Higher Secondary (11-12)                              |
| India/State/ UT                          | Boys                                                  | Girls                                                 | Total                                                 | Boys                                                  | Girls                                                 | Total                                                 | Boys                                                  | Girls                                                 | Total                                                 | Boys                                                  | Girls                                                 | Total                                                 | Boys                                                  | Girls                                                 | Total                                                 |
| (1)                                      | (2)                                                   | (3)                                                   | (4)                                                   | (5)                                                   | (6)                                                   | (7)                                                   | (8)                                                   | (9)                                                   | (10)                                                  | (11)                                                  | (12)                                                  | (13)                                                  | (14)                                                  | (15)                                                  | (16)                                                  |
| India                                    | 98.0                                                  | 98.6                                                  | 98.3                                                  | 94.8                                                  | 95.6                                                  | 95.2                                                  | 96.8                                                  | 97.4                                                  | 97.1                                                  | 75.4                                                  | 78.5                                                  | 76.9                                                  | 46.0                                                  | 51.4                                                  | 48.7                                                  |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands              | 86.3                                                  | 94.4                                                  | 90.0                                                  | 95.7                                                  | 108.0                                                 | 101.3                                                 | 89.8                                                  | 99.5                                                  | 94.3                                                  | 77.7                                                  | 90.5                                                  | 83.7                                                  | 65.3                                                  | 86.3                                                  | 75.2                                                  |
| Andhra Pradesh                           | 116.0                                                 | 121.2                                                 | 118.5                                                 | 112.5                                                 | 115.1                                                 | 113.7                                                 | 114.7                                                 | 119.0                                                 | 116.8                                                 | 96.0                                                  | 97.2                                                  | 96.6                                                  | 66.1                                                  | 72.0                                                  | 69.0                                                  |
| Arunachal Pradesh                        | 109.3                                                 | 112.8                                                 | 111.0                                                 | 83.8                                                  | 91.0                                                  | 87.4                                                  | 98.9                                                  | 103.7                                                 | 101.2                                                 | 65.6                                                  | 69.5                                                  | 67.5                                                  | 48.7                                                  | 53.2                                                  | 51.0                                                  |
| Assam                                    | 117.9                                                 | 124.3                                                 | 121.0                                                 | 99.7                                                  | 104.7                                                 | 102.1                                                 | 110.7                                                 | 116.4                                                 | 113.5                                                 | 92.5                                                  | 96.8                                                  | 94.7                                                  | 53.7                                                  | 53.0                                                  | 53.3                                                  |
| Bihar                                    | 127.5                                                 | 123.9                                                 | 125.8                                                 | 95.3                                                  | 96.8                                                  | 96.0                                                  | 115.5                                                 | 113.6                                                 | 114.6                                                 | 57.1                                                  | 60.9                                                  | 59.0                                                  | 45.9                                                  | 48.9                                                  | 47.4                                                  |
| Chandigarh                               | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     |
| Chhattisgarh                             | 87.7                                                  | 88.2                                                  | 87.9                                                  | 87.0                                                  | 87.7                                                  | 87.4                                                  | 87.5                                                  | 88.0                                                  | 87.7                                                  | 63.4                                                  | 72.4                                                  | 67.8                                                  | 39.8                                                  | 53.4                                                  | 46.6                                                  |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | 65.9                                                  | 71.4                                                  | 68.5                                                  | 64.0                                                  | 68.6                                                  | 66.2                                                  | 65.1                                                  | 70.3                                                  | 67.6                                                  | 66.0                                                  | 76.1                                                  | 70.7                                                  | 25.6                                                  | 34.9                                                  | 29.9                                                  |
| Delhi                                    | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     |
| Goa                                      | 62.7                                                  | 68.6                                                  | 65.5                                                  | 66.0                                                  | 71.0                                                  | 68.4                                                  | 64.0                                                  | 69.5                                                  | 66.6                                                  | 60.9                                                  | 71.6                                                  | 65.9                                                  | 63.2                                                  | 72.1                                                  | 67.6                                                  |
| Gujarat                                  | 81.7                                                  | 80.9                                                  | 81.3                                                  | 95.8                                                  | 94.8                                                  | 95.3                                                  | 86.8                                                  | 85.9                                                  | 86.4                                                  | 76.9                                                  | 75.9                                                  | 76.4                                                  | 36.2                                                  | 46.8                                                  | 41.3                                                  |
| Haryana                                  | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     | -                                                     |
| Himachal Pradesh                         | 97.8                                                  | 100.8                                                 | 99.2                                                  | 99.4                                                  | 100.9                                                 | 100.1                                                 | 98.4                                                  | 100.8                                                 | 99.6                                                  | 98.8                                                  | 97.6                                                  | 98.2                                                  | 79.6                                                  | 80.8                                                  | 80.2                                                  |
| Jammu and Kashmir                        | 142.6                                                 | 136.4                                                 | 139.5                                                 | 84.2                                                  | 86.6                                                  | 85.3                                                  | 117.0                                                 | 115.6                                                 | 116.3                                                 | 65.4                                                  | 62.3                                                  | 64.0                                                  | 32.1                                                  | 28.8                                                  | 30.6                                                  |

| Jharkhand      | 99.1   | 101.6   | 100.3   | 82.3   | 84.8   | 83.6   | 92.8   | 95.1   | 93.9   | 55.1   | 60.2   | 57.7   | 32.4   | 37.2   | 34.8   |
|----------------|--------|---------|---------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| Karnataka      | 105.2  | 106.0   | 105.6   | 105.3  | 103.5  | 104.4  | 105.3  | 105.0  | 105.2  | 96.0   | 98.3   | 97.2   | 47.0   | 58.0   | 52.2   |
| Kerala         | 88.7   | 91.7    | 90.2    | 94.9   | 92.1   | 93.5   | 91.1   | 91.8   | 91.5   | 103.4  | 95.7   | 99.6   | 89.9   | 100.7  | 95.2   |
| Ladakh         | 71.3   | 76.5    | 73.8    | 55.2   | 67.0   | 60.7   | 65.0   | 72.9   | 68.7   | 55.6   | 66.3   | 60.8   | 29.5   | 36.4   | 32.8   |
| Lakshadweep    | 72.4   | 74.0    | 73.1    | 59.5   | 60.3   | 60.0   | 67.6   | 68.3   | 67.9   | 52.8   | 55.7   | 54.2   | 55.1   | 48.2   | 51.5   |
| Madhya Pradesh | 80.9   | 79.4    | 80.2    | 87.8   | 83.2   | 85.5   | 83.2   | 80.7   | 82.0   | 56.1   | 56.3   | 56.2   | 30.9   | 35.0   | 32.9   |
| Maharashtra    | 101.0  | 104.7   | 102.8   | 96.9   | 100.6  | 98.6   | 99.4   | 103.2  | 101.2  | 90.7   | 91.5   | 91.1   | 54.7   | 54.4   | 54.6   |
| Manipur        | 124.0  | 131.5   | 127.5   | 66.2   | 72.1   | 69.0   | 99.5   | 106.2  | 102.7  | 50.9   | 57.0   | 53.8   | 29.7   | 32.6   | 31.2   |
| Meghalaya      | 182.1  | 185.7   | 183.9   | 106.8  | 127.7  | 117.1  | 152.0  | 162.2  | 157.0  | 73.0   | 98.0   | 85.4   | 31.9   | 47.4   | 39.6   |
| Mizoram        | 154.4  | 155.5   | 154.9   | 113.4  | 117.7  | 115.5  | 137.9  | 140.2  | 139.0  | 94.9   | 105.8  | 100.2  | 50.8   | 58.6   | 54.7   |
| Nagaland       | 85.7   | 89.5    | 87.5    | 66.4   | 72.9   | 69.5   | 77.6   | 82.6   | 80.0   | 54.8   | 64.1   | 59.3   | 36.6   | 43.4   | 40.0   |
| Odisha         | 93.6   | 92.1    | 92.8    | 107.6  | 107.4  | 107.5  | 98.5   | 97.4   | 98.0   | 84.6   | 89.6   | 87.1   | 52.0   | 58.7   | 55.3   |
| Puducherry     | -      | -       | -       | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      |
| Punjab         | -      | -       | -       | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      | -      |
| Rajasthan      | 97.8   | 98.1    | 97.9    | 98.3   | 97.1   | 97.7   | 98.0   | 97.7   | 97.9   | 80.3   | 79.4   | 79.8   | 59.1   | 57.8   | 58.5   |
| Sikkim         | 101.3  | 92.7    | 97.1    | 76.6   | 79.1   | 77.8   | 90.5   | 86.7   | 88.6   | 72.9   | 78.8   | 75.8   | 56.1   | 68.1   | 62.1   |
| Tamil Nadu     | 110.7  | 112.6   | 111.6   | 116.2  | 115.4  | 115.8  | 112.7  | 113.6  | 113.1  | 97.3   | 103.3  | 100.1  | 69.2   | 85.6   | 77.0   |
| Telangana      | 97.8   | 96.6    | 97.2    | 98.1   | 97.9   | 98.0   | 97.9   | 97.1   | 97.5   | 82.6   | 85.0   | 83.8   | 70.7   | 79.3   | 74.8   |
| Tripura        | 119.5  | 123.3   | 121.3   | 91.9   | 95.4   | 93.6   | 107.9  | 111.5  | 109.6  | 69.0   | 76.5   | 72.6   | 47.7   | 56.7   | 52.0   |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 128.6  | 125.3   | 127.0   | 134.9  | 134.5  | 134.7  | 130.7  | 128.4  | 129.6  | 136.5  | 134.8  | 135.7  | 134.5  | 131.6  | 133.1  |
| Uttarakhand    | 87.5   | 92.9    | 90.0    | 77.2   | 79.9   | 78.5   | 83.2   | 87.5   | 85.2   | 73.4   | 75.3   | 74.3   | 60.1   | 64.5   | 62.2   |
| West Bengal    | 109.0  | 110.1   | 109.6   | 104.7  | 106.8  | 105.8  | 107.4  | 108.9  | 108.1  | 100.1  | 108.1  | 104.0  | 49.8   | 63.8   | 56.7   |

Source: UDISE+2023-24

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