Lok Sabha Question No. 2930 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-12-17
Subject: Major Space Mission by ISRO
Ministry: SPACE
Asked by: Shri K Radhakrishnan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF SPACE

## LOK SABHA

## TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, 17 DECEMBER, 2025

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2930 MAJOR SPACE MISSION BY ISRO

## 2930.  SHRI K RADHAKRISHNAN:

## Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) the  details  of  numbers  of  satellite  launches  by  Indian  Space Research Organisation (ISRO) during the last five years including successful and failed missions;
- (b) whether  any  delays  or  cost  overruns  have  been  recorded  in major  space  missions  such  as  Gaganyaan,  Chandrayaan, Aditya-L1 follow-up missions and PSLV/GSLV launch programmes and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the current status of India's human spaceflight programme and the timelines fixed for crewed missions;
- (d) the details of the steps taken by the Government to strengthen indigenous capabilities in satellite manufacturing, launch vehicle technology, space research and deep-space exploration; and
- (e) whether the Government proposes to increase budget allocation  for  critical  space  infrastructure  and  Research  and Development (R&D) and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER GRIEVANCES & PENSIONS AND IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC (DR. JITENDRA SINGH):

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- (a) During the last 5 years (December 2020 to December 2025), 22 ISRO  satellites  have  been  launched.  Out  of  which  7  are  Earth Observation,  4  are  communication,  2  are  navigation,  3  are  space science and 6 are technology demonstration missions. The details of the launches are attached in Annexure-1.
- (b) There has been no cost overrun in Chandrayaan-3 and AdityaL1  satellite  projects.  However,  there  has  been  time  overrun  of  28 and 46 months  respectively for Chandrayaan-3 and Aditya-L1 satellites, mainly due to the following reasons:

Aditya-L1: Time overrun in the project is due to change in the scope, change in orbit from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Lagrangian Point (L1) calling  for  changes  in  the  satellite  configuration,  longer  cycle  for the payload development and procurement of long lead items.

Chandrayaan-3: Time overrun is due to reconfiguration of systems to incorporate suggested by Chandrayaan-2 Failure Analysis Committee, COVID-19 Pandemic, Conduct of New Special Test and New Sensor development.

Gaganyaan  Programme  aims  to  demonstrate  indigenous  human spaceflight capability to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The programme was officially  sanctioned  by  the  Government  of  India  in  January  2019 with  a  mandate  to  undertake  two  uncrewed  mission  in  identical configuration and one crewed mission with total budget approval of ₹9,023 Crore with target schedule of crewed mission launch in May 2022. Recently in October 2024, the scope of Gaganyaan programme was revised  from  three  to  eight  mission  including  additional  uncrewed mission (G1) and also four precursor missions for Bharatiya Antariksh  Station  (BAS)  with  total  revised  budget  provision  of ₹20,193Crore. The activities as per revised approval is in progress with target of first Crewed mission in year 2027-28. (c) For the Gaganyaan  programme,  ISRO is developing and realising  various  systems  for  accomplishing  the  planned  missions. Considering  the  stringent  human  rating  requirements,  extensive testing of propulsion elements, structures of Human-Rated Launch Vehicle  (HLVM3),  Service  Module  Propulsion  System  and  Crew Module  Propulsion  System,  parachute-based  deceleration  system has been completed. The critical Crew Escape System motors have also  been  developed  and  static  tests  have  been  completed.  In parallel, development of indigenous Environmental Control and Life Support Systems is in progress. Major infrastructure such as the Orbital Module Preparation Facility, Gaganyaan Control Centre, Crew training facility have been established. Second launch pad modifications have been incorporated. Precursor missions such as TV-D1 and IADT-01 have been successfully accomplished. Ground tracking networks, terrestrial links and IDRSS-1 feeder stations have been established. Crew Module Recovery plan as well as assets to be deployed have been  finalized.  For  the  first  uncrewed  mission  (G1),  all  HLVM3

stages  and  CES  motors  are  ready.  Crew  and  Service  Module systems have been realized. Assembly and integration activities are nearing completion. The first crewed mission is targeted in 2027-28.

(d) India has achieved self-reliance in space transportation systems to launch satellites up to 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and 4.2 tons to Geo-Synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) through the currently operational PSLV, GSLV and LVM3 launch vehicles. These launch vehicles have enabled independent space access to satellites  for  earth  observation,  communication,  navigation  and space exploration. In order to enhance the launch vehicle capabilities towards meeting the expanded space vision, Government  has  approved  the  development  of  a  Next  Generation Launch  Vehicle  (NGLV)  which  will  provide  a  maximum  payload capability of 30 tons to Low Earth Orbit. Towards achieving low-cost access  to  space,  reusable  launch  vehicle  technologies  are  also being developed including a partially reusable variant of NGLV with 14  tons  payload  capability  to  LEO.  Another  development  is  of  a winged body upper stage which will fly back from the orbit to the Earth and autonomously land on a runway.

With  regard  to  development  of  more  powerful  and  more  efficient propulsion  systems,  ISRO  has  undertaken  the  development  of  a high-thrust  (2000kN)  semi-cryogenic  engine  for  inducting  in  the LVM3 vehicle. An environmental friendly Methane based propulsion system for high-thrust  engine  is  also  being  conceptualized  for  the Next Generation Launch Vehicle, ensuring technology readiness for the  launch  vehicle  for  the  proposed  Crewed  Moon  Mission.  Apart from  these,  development  of  an  air-breathing  propulsion  system  is underway towards a Duel-Fuel Scramjet engine. (e) Yes, Sir. The Government proposes to increase budget allocation for critical space infrastructure and R&D projects of the Department  of  Space.  The  Space  Vision  2047  of  the  Government targets  establishment  of  the  Bharatiya  Antariksh  Station  by  2035 and landing of an Indian on Moon by 2040. Towards this, Government  has  approved  five  key  R&D  intensive  projects:  the Gaganyaan follow-on mission; the  Chandrayaan  follow-on  missions including  Chandrayaan-4  Lunar  Sample  Return  Mission  and  the Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX mission; the Venus Orbiter Mission; and the development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle. As part of the expansion of ground infrastructure for achieving the Space Vision, Government has approved two more launch pads -one at Kulasekarapattinam in Tamil Nadu and a Third Launch Pad for the next generation of Launch Vehicles.

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Annexure-1

## ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (a)  OF  LOK  SABHA  UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2930 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.12.2025

## List of satellites launched during last 5 years

|   Sl. No | Satellite              | Launch Date   | Launch Vehicle   | Status                      |
|----------|------------------------|---------------|------------------|-----------------------------|
|        1 | CMS-01                 | 17-12-2020    | PSLV-C50         | Operational                 |
|        2 | EOS-03 (GISAT-1)       | 08-12-2021    | GSLV-F10         | Launch unsuccessful         |
|        3 | EOS-04(RISAT-1A)       | 14-02-2022    | PSLV-C52         | Operational                 |
|        4 | INS-2TD                | 14-02-2022    | PSLV-C52         | Not Operational             |
|        5 | GSAT-24                | 24-06-2022    | Ariane- V(VS257) | Operational                 |
|        6 | EOS-02 (Microsat- 2A)  | 08-07-2022    | SSLV-D1          | Launch unsuccessful         |
|        7 | EOS-06 (OS-3)          | 26-11-2022    | PSLV-C54         | Operational                 |
|        8 | INDIA-BHUTAN SAT       | 26-11-2022    | PSLV-C54         | Operational                 |
|        9 | Aditya-L1              | 09-02-2023    | PSLV-C57         | Operational                 |
|       10 | NVS-01                 | 29-05-2023    | GSLV-F12         | Operational for PNT service |
|       11 | Chandrayaan-3          | 14-07-2023    | LVM3 M4          | Not Operational             |
|       12 | EOS-07 (Microsat- 2B)  | 02-10-2023    | SSLV-D2          | Operational                 |
|       13 | XPoSat                 | 01.01.2024    | PSLV-C58         | Operational                 |
|       14 | INSAT-3DS              | 18-02-2024    | GSLV-F14         | Operational                 |
|       15 | EOS-08 ( Microsat- 2C) | 16-08-2024    | SSLV-D3          | Operational                 |
|       16 | GSAT-N2                | 19-11-2024    | Falcon-9         | Operational                 |

|   Sl. No | Satellite        | Launch Date   | Launch Vehicle   | Status                |
|----------|------------------|---------------|------------------|-----------------------|
|       17 | SPADEX-A         | 30-12-2024    | PSLV C60         | Operational           |
|       18 | SPADEX-B         | 30-12-2024    | PSLV C60         | Operational           |
|       19 | NVS-02           | 29-01-2025    | GSLV-F15         | Not operational       |
|       20 | CMS-03 (GSAT-7R) | 11-02-2025    | LVM3-M5          | Being Operationalized |
|       21 | RISAT-1B         | 18-05-2025    | PSLV-C61         | Launch unsuccessful   |
|       22 | NISAR            | 30-07-2025    | GSLV-F16         | Operational           |

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