Lok Sabha Question No. 866 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-07-24
Subject: Swachh Bharat Mission
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Shri Mukeshkumar Chandrakaant Dalal

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.866

ANSWERED ON 24.07.2025

## SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

## 866.   SHRI MUKESHKUMAR CHANDRAKAANT DALAL:

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a) the number of household and public toilets constructed in the country and the distribution of these facilities since the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014, State-wise;

(b) the financial expenditure on the Swachh Bharat Mission during the last ten years and the current year, year-wise and the key challenges in maintaining sanitation infrastructure across urban and rural areas;

(c)  whether  the  Government  has  conducted  a  comprehensive  impact  assessment  survey  to determine  the  effectiveness  of  SBM,  particularly  in  terms  of  reducing  open  defecation  and improving hygiene practices, if so, the details thereof;

(d)  the  steps  being  taken  by  the  Government  to  augment  waste  management  infrastructure including solid waste recycling, sewage treatment and city-wide cleanliness monitoring under SBM 2.0; and

(e) whether the Government has any future plans for sustainable sanitation and a roadmap to integrate advanced waste management technology and smart city initiatives with SBM and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI (SHRI V. SOMANNA)

(a)  State/UT-wise,  No.  of  Individual  household  latrines  (IHHLs)  and  Community  Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) constructed under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen)[SBM(G)] since 2014 are given at Annexure-1.

Under  Swachh  Bharat  Mission-Urban  [SBM-U]  and  SBM-U  2.0,  the  State-wise  details  of household and public toilets constructed is at Annexure-2.

(b) The details of Central share funds released during last 10 years and the current year under SBM(G) are as below :

(Rs. In Crore)

| Year                    |   Central share released |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| 2014-15                 |                  2849.95 |
| 2015-16                 |                  6524.53 |
| 2016-17                 |                 10509    |
| 2017-18                 |                 16942    |
| 2018-19                 |                 21629.8  |
| 2019-20                 |                 11845.7  |
| 2020-21                 |                  4947.92 |
| 2021-22                 |                  3111.37 |
| 2022-23                 |                  4925.14 |
| 2023-24                 |                  6802.58 |
| 2024-25                 |                  3622    |
| 2025-26(Upto 15.7.2025) |                   603.15 |

Under SBM(G), the key challenges in maintaining CSCs include limited awareness on regular usage  and  upkeep,  lack  of  dedicated  funds  for  maintenance,  absence  of  clear  ownership  and overall management. However, in several States, Gram Panchayats are making commendable efforts within their means-undertaking awareness activities, exploring business linkages (such as attaching a shop) etc to ensure regular maintenance and sustainability.

The details of funds released during last 10 years and the current year under SBM(U) are as below :

(Rs. In Crore)

| Year                    | Central share released   |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| 2014-15                 | 859.48                   |
| 2015-16                 | 1108.09                  |
| 2016-17                 | 2137.24                  |
| 2017-18                 | 2540.60                  |
| 2018-19                 | 2392.52                  |
| 2019-20                 | 1298.21                  |
| 2020-21                 | 1000.22                  |
| 2021-22                 | 1969.20                  |
| 2022-23                 | 1934.50                  |
| 2023-24                 | 2392.49                  |
| 2024-25                 | 1892.86                  |
| 2025-26(Upto 18.7.2025) | 165.40*                  |

Operational  Guidelines  of  SBM-U  2.0  prescribe  that  care  should  be  taken  to  ensure  that  all Community  Toilet  /Public  toilets/Urinals  being  constructed  are  built  in  tandem  with  water supply arrangements by the ULB including their operation & maintenance.

(c)  The  Department  of  Drinking  Water  and  Sanitation  (DDWS)  has  been  conducting  the Swachh  Survekshan  Grameen  (SSG)  through  an  independent  survey  agency  to  assess  the performance  of  the  States/UTs  and  Districts  on  key  quantitative  and  qualitative  Swachhata parameters.  These  parameters  include  Faecal  Sludge  Management  (FSM),  biodegradable  and non-biodegradable waste management, and Grey Water Management (GWM).  Additionally, assets like Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBARdhan) plants, Plastic Waste Management Units (PWMUs) and Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) assets were also assessed at the District/Block level by the independent survey agency.

## Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2023-24

The Survey, conducted during the period 2023-2024, covered 17,304 villages in 729 Districts across  India  and  85,901  public  places  namely  schools,  anganwadis,  public  health  centres, haat/bazaars/religious places etc. in these 17,304 villages. Around 2,60,059 Households were interviewed for their feedback on SBM(G) related issues. The main findings of SSG 2023-24 are:

- 95.1% of surveyed households have access to Toilet
- 39.9% of households reported segregating their waste into biodegradable (organic) and non-biodegradable (inorganic) categories
- 92.7% of households reported to have some  arrangement in place for the disposal  of Biodegradable (organic) Waste
- 78.7% of households had some arrangements in place for disposal of greywater
- 45.0%  of  villages  had  either  exclusive  or  shared  vehicles  for  the  collection  and transportation of solid waste
- 29.4% of villages had storage and segregation sheds
- 62.1% of villages were observed to have forward linkage for plastic waste
- 91.1% of public places had minimal stagnant water within their premises
- 76.7% of public places surveyed have access to toilets.
- 83.8% of FSTPs/STPs with urban linkage were observed to be functional out of 437 surveyed
- 61.4% of PWMUs were observed to be functional out of 1,029 surveyed
- 58.5%  of  GOBARdhan/biogas  plants  were  observed  to  be  functional  out  of  451 surveyed

Under  MoHUA.  the  comprehensive annual sanitation survey (Swachh Survekshan) is conducted since 2016 with the aim to rank cities based on their cleanliness, promote healthy competition, raise awareness, and foster citizen participation. So far, out of total 4910 ULBs, 4692  ULBs have been  certified  the  ODF  status,  4314  ULBs  certified  as  ODF+  status,  1973 ULBs certified as ODF++ and 214 ULBs  certified as Water+.

(d) and (e)  The key objective of Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen Phase II is to sustain the ODF status of villages and to improve the levels of cleanliness in rural areas through solid and liquid  waste  management  activities,  making  villages  ODF  plus.  As  per  the  operational guidelines  of  SBM (G) Phase - II,  villages  must  be  provided  with  an  adequate  number  of

individual and community compost pits for biodegradable waste including agricultural & cattle waste, and an adequate segregation and collection system for plastic waste. For this purpose, financial assistance of up to ₹60 per capita is available for villages with a population of up to 5,000,  and  ₹45  per  capita  for  those  with  a  population  above  5,000.  This  will  also  cover  the procurement of waste collection vehicles and the construction of storage and segregation sheds at the village or Gram Panchayat level.

The  operational  guidelines  also  provide  for  at  least  one  Plastic  Waste  Management  Unit (PWMU) in each block in case clustering of blocks is not possible.  A provision of up to ₹16 lakh per block has been made for the construction of a PWMU at the block level.

As per information received from MoHUA. Government of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) on October 2, 2014 with the objective Open Defecation Free (ODF) and for scientific processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in all the urban areas of the country. To carry forward the progress made, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM-U) 2.0 has been launched on October 1, 2021 for a period of five years with a vision of achieving Garbage Free Status for all cities through 100% source segregation, door to door collection and scientific management of all fractions of waste including safe disposal in scientific landfills. It also aims at  remediation  of  all  legacy  dumpsites  and  converting  them  into  green  zones.  The  Swachh Bharat  Mission  Urban  leverages  technology  to  enhance  sanitation  and  waste  management across urban India. The selection of treatment technologies is open to ULBs/State Governments, allowing them to choose any proven technology as outlined in the Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) Manual and advisories issued from time to time. As per Clause 15 (v) of Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, ULBs may adopt suitable technologies including the following technologies for management of municipal solid waste:

- bio-methanation, microbial composting, vermi-composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate processing for bio-stabilization of biodegradable wastes;
- waste  to  energy  processes  including  refused  derived  fuel  for  combustible  fraction  of waste or supply as feedstock to solid waste-based power plants or cement kilns.

Also, to promote an enabling environment for development startups and entrepreneurs in the waste  management  sector,  in  collaboration  with  Department  for  Promotion  of  Industry  and Internal Trade (DPIIT), start-ups are identified through challenge mode. A centre has been set up at Startup Incubation and Innovation Center (SIIC), IIT Kanpur for providing one year of incubation support to the shortlisted organizations

*****

## Statement referred to in part (a) of the reply to Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.866 for reply on 24.07.2025

Annexure 1

## State/UT-wise, No. of Individual household latrines (IHHLs) and Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) constructed under SBM(G) since 2014

| S.N.   | State/UT Name             | No. of IHHLs constructed   | No. of CSCs constructed   |
|--------|---------------------------|----------------------------|---------------------------|
| 1      | A &NIslands               | 23,195                     | 320                       |
| 2      | Andhra Pradesh            | 43,77,930                  | 15,167                    |
| 3      | Arunachal Pradesh         | 1,55,083                   | 3,087                     |
| 4      | Assam                     | 42,20,757                  | 4,669                     |
| 5      | Bihar                     | 1,39,37,403                | 9,364                     |
| 6      | Chhattisgarh              | 35,71,837                  | 13,947                    |
| 7      | D &NHaveli and Daman &Diu | 21,952                     | 69                        |
| 8      | Goa                       | 30,361                     | 589                       |
| 9      | Gujarat                   | 43,86,216                  | 8,094                     |
| 10     | Haryana                   | 7,29,993                   | 5,904                     |
| 11     | Himachal Pradesh          | 2,27,288                   | 6,043                     |
| 12     | Jammu &Kashmir            | 14,08,053                  | 5,520                     |
| 13     | Jharkhand                 | 41,97,259                  | 1,253                     |
| 14     | Karnataka                 | 50,50,952                  | 2,840                     |
| 15     | Kerala                    | 2,67,334                   | 1,966                     |
| 16     | Ladakh                    | 22,559                     | 433                       |
| 17     | Lakshadweep               | 10                         | 22                        |
| 18     | Madhya Pradesh            | 77,64,409                  | 19,711                    |
| 19     | Maharashtra               | 71,72,770                  | 28,830                    |
| 20     | Manipur                   | 2,77,553                   | 1,150                     |
| 21     | Meghalaya                 | 3,15,930                   | 1,282                     |
| 22     | Mizoram                   | 47,403                     | 656                       |
| 23     | Nagaland                  | 1,50,192                   | 1,438                     |
| 24     | Odisha                    | 74,65,851                  | 3,200                     |
| 25     | Puducherry                | 29,841                     | 11                        |
| 26     | Punjab                    | 5,67,595                   | 6,641                     |
| 27     | Rajasthan                 | 84,95,050                  | 25,776                    |
| 28     | Sikkim                    | 24,983                     | 715                       |
| 29     | Tamil Nadu                | 60,24,612                  | 9,091                     |
| 30     | Telangana                 | 31,33,069                  | 6,094                     |
| 31     | Tripura                   | 4,99,623                   | 615                       |
| 32     | Uttar Pradesh             | 2,54,79,144                | 62,396                    |
| 33     | Uttarakhand               | 5,44,982                   | 3,015                     |
| 34     | West Bengal               | 84,61,077                  | 10,074                    |
|        | Total:-                   | 11,90,82,266               | 2,59,982                  |

## State/UT-wise, No. of Individual household latrines (IHHLs) and Community and Public Toilets constructed under SBM(U) since 2014

| S.N.   | State/UT Name             | No. of IHHLs constructed   | No. of Community and Public Toilets (No. of Seats) constructed   |
|--------|---------------------------|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1      | Andhra Pradesh            | 2,43,764                   | 17,799                                                           |
| 2      | A &NIslands               | 336                        | 609                                                              |
| 3      | Arunachal Pradesh         | 11,606                     | 89                                                               |
| 4      | Assam                     | 78,788                     | 3,356                                                            |
| 5      | Bihar                     | 4,04,444                   | 28,677                                                           |
| 6      | Chandigarh                | 6,117                      | 2,512                                                            |
| 7      | Chhattisgarh              | 3,26,435                   | 18,832                                                           |
| 8      | D &NHaveli and Daman &Diu | 2,378                      | 615                                                              |
| 9      | Delhi                     | 779                        | 28,256                                                           |
| 10     | Goa                       | 3,801                      | 1,270                                                            |
| 11     | Gujarat                   | 5,60,046                   | 24,149                                                           |
| 12     | Haryana                   | 66,751                     | 11,374                                                           |
| 13     | Himachal Pradesh          | 6,743                      | 1,700                                                            |
| 14     | Jammu &Kashmir            | 51,246                     | 3,451                                                            |
| 15     | Jharkhand                 | 2,18,700                   | 9,643                                                            |
| 16     | Karnataka                 | 3,93,278                   | 36,556                                                           |
| 17     | Kerala                    | 37,207                     | 2,872                                                            |
| 18     | Ladakh                    | 434                        | 194                                                              |
| 19     | Madhya Pradesh            | 5,79,642                   | 29,867                                                           |
| 20     | Maharashtra               | 7,23,473                   | 1,66,465                                                         |
| 21     | Manipur                   | 40,708                     | 581                                                              |
| 22     | Meghalaya                 | 1,604                      | 152                                                              |
| 23     | Mizoram                   | 15,495                     | 1,324                                                            |
| 24     | Nagaland                  | 21,471                     | 238                                                              |
| 25     | Odisha                    | 1,67,306                   | 12,211                                                           |
| 26     | Puducherry                | 5,189                      | 836                                                              |
| 27     | Punjab                    | 1,03,683                   | 11,522                                                           |
| 28     | Rajasthan                 | 3,68,515                   | 31,300                                                           |
| 29     | Sikkim                    | 1,559                      | 268                                                              |
| 30     | Tamil Nadu                | 5,45,101                   | 92,744                                                           |
| 31     | Telangana                 | 1,57,165                   | 15,465                                                           |
| 32     | Tripura                   | 24,002                     | 1,089                                                            |
| 33     | Uttar Pradesh             | 9,00,438                   | 70,370                                                           |
| 34     | Uttarakhand               | 28,058                     | 4,694                                                            |
| 35     | West Bengal               | 2,82,542                   | 5,746                                                            |
|        | Total:-                   | 63,78,804                  | 6,36,826                                                         |