Lok Sabha Question No. 3929 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-12-19
Subject: Access to Regular Supply of Drinking Water
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Smt. Jyotsna Charandas Mahant, Dr. M P Abdussamad Samadani, Shri K Sudhakaran

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3929

## ANSWERED ON - 19/12/2024

## ACCESS TO REGULAR SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER

## 3929. DR. M P ABDUSSAMAD SAMADANI:

## SHRI K SUDHAKARAN:

## SMT. JYOTSNA CHARANDAS MAHANT:

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a)  the  details  of  the  households  with  access  to  a  regular  supply  of  safely  managed  drinking water, State-wise;

(b) whether the Government has taken any cognizance of the fact that this figure is projected to worsen over a period of time due to an increasing population, climate change-related adversities and depleting clean water sources and if so, the details thereof;

(c) the measures taken/being taken by the Government to ensure ground water recharge in the regions with critical water levels;

(d)  whether  the  Government  is  aware  that  over-exploitation  of  ground  water  has  led  to  a substantial decline in ground water levels across the country and if so, the details thereof; and

(e) the number of districts in the country reported critical or over-exploited ground water levels, State-wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI (SHRI. V. SOMANNA)

(a) & (b) Government of India is committed to the provision of safe & potable tap water supply in  adequate  quantity,  of  prescribed  quality  and  on  a  regular  &  long-term  basis  to  all  rural households in the country. Towards this end, the Government of India launched the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), to  be implemented in  partnership  with  States/  UTs,  in  August  2019.  Drinking Water is a 'state' subject, and hence, the responsibility of planning, approval, implementation, operation,  and  maintenance  of  drinking  water  supply  schemes,  including  those  under  the  Jal

Jeevan Mission, lies with State/ UT Governments. The Government of India supports the states by providing technical and financial assistance.

The details of the households with access to a regular supply of safely managed drinking water,  State-wise  are annexed  in  Annexure-I. This  information  is  also  available  on  JJM dashboard at:

## https://ejalshakti.gov.in/jjmreport/JJMIndia.aspx

Under JJM, provisions have been made for sustainability of drinking water sources throughout the  design  period  of  the  scheme.  The  source  sustainability  plans  form  part  of  Village  Action Plans (VAPs) that are prepared for every village before implementation of the scheme. This is achieved through sustainability measures like rain water harvesting, artificial recharge, etc.

For  ground  water  based  sources,  borewell  recharge  structures  will  be  part  of  the  scheme.  For surface  water  based  Single  Village  Schemes  (SVS),  source  sustainability  measures  like watershed  management,  water  conservation,  etc.  are  to  be  ensured.  In  addition,  taking  up augmentation  and  strengthening  of  local  &  traditional  drinking  water  sources  in  convergence with other schemes at village level viz. MGNREGA, 15th Finance Commission tied grants to Rural  Local  Bodies  (RLBs),  Integrated  Watershed  Management  Programme  (IWMP),  State schemes,  District  Mineral  Development  Fund,  CSR  funds,  community  contribution,  etc.  have also been envisaged under the JJM.

- c) Water being a State subject, the aspects related to water resources including its conservation are studied, planned, funded and executed by the State Governments themselves as per their own  resources  and  priorities.  Role  of  Government  of  India  is  limited  to  being  catalytic, providing technical support and, in some cases partial financial assistance in terms with the existing  schemes  being  implemented  by  the  Department  of  Water  Resources,  River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation. However, various steps have been taken to arrest the depletion and improve the ground water in the country including regions with critical water levels are as follows :-
- Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has completed the National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) Project in the entire mappable area of about 25 Lakh sq. km. The Aquifer maps and management plans have been prepared and shared with the respective State agencies for implementation. The management plans include various water conservation measures through recharge structures.
- National Water Policy (2012) has been formulated by Department of Water Resources, RD & GR, advocates rainwater harvesting and conservation of water.
- CGWB has prepared a Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 in consultation with States/UTs which is a macro level plan indicating various structures for the different terrain conditions of the country including estimated cost.

Apart  from  this,  the  important  steps  taken  by  the  Central  Government  for  sustainable ground water management in the country can be seen at https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3a70dc40477bc2adceef4d2c90f47eb82/uploads/2024/07/2024 0716706354487.pdf

- d) CGWB monitors groundwater levels throughout the country four times in every year during the months of March/April/May, August, November and January.

In  order  to  assess  the  long  term  fluctuation  in  ground  water  level,  the  water  level  data collected by CGWB during November 2023 has been compared with the decadal mean of November  (2013-2022).  State-wise  Decadal  Water  Level  Fluctuation  with  Mean  (PostMonsoon  2013  to  2022)  and  Post-monsoon  2023  in  respect  of  Country  is  presented  in Annexure II.

However, groundwater water being replenishable resource gets recharged every year through rainfall and other sources such as return flow from irrigation, canal seepage, recharge from surface water bodies etc.

- e) The Dynamic Ground Water Resources of the country are being assessed every year from 2022  jointly  by  Central  Ground  Water  Board  (CGWB)  and  State  Governments.    This exercise  comprises  of  assessment  of Annual  Ground Water  Recharge,  Extractable  Ground Water  Resource  and  Ground  Water  Extraction.  Stage  of  ground  water  extraction  in  an assessment  unit  is  calculated  as  the  ratio  of  annual  ground  water  extraction  to  annual extractable  resource.  Based  on  this,  the  assessment  units  are  categorized  as  Safe,  Semicritical,  Critical  or Over-exploited. As per the Ground Water Resource Assessment for the year  2023,  a  total  of  357  districts  has  Over-exploited,  Critical  and  Semi-critical  (OCS) Assessment  Units.  The  State-wise  number  of  districts  having  Over-Exploited  &  Critical category as per Assessment for the Year 2023 is provided in Annexure-III.

JJM: State/ UT-wise status of tap water connections in rural households as on 16.12.2024 No. in lakh

## Annexure-1

| S. No.   | State/ UT     | Total rural HHs   | Rural HHs with tap water supply as on 15.8.2019   | Rural HHs with tap water supply as on 15.8.2019   | Rural HHs given tap water connections since 15.8.2019   | Rural HHs given tap water connections since 15.8.2019   | Rural HHs with tap water connection as on date   | Rural HHs with tap water connection as on date   |
|----------|---------------|-------------------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| S. No.   | State/ UT     | Total rural HHs   | No.                                               | %                                                 | No.                                                     | %                                                       | No.                                              | %                                                |
| 1        | A &NIslands   | 0.62              | 0.29                                              | 46.02                                             | 0.33                                                    | 53.98                                                   | 0.62                                             | 100.00                                           |
| 2        | Arunachal Pr. | 2.29              | 0.23                                              | 9.97                                              | 2.06                                                    | 90.03                                                   | 2.29                                             | 100.00                                           |
| 3        | DNH&DD        | 0.85              | 0.00                                              | 0.00                                              | 0.85                                                    | 100.00                                                  | 0.85                                             | 100.00                                           |
| 4        | Goa           | 2.64              | 1.99                                              | 75.44                                             | 0.65                                                    | 24.56                                                   | 2.64                                             | 100.00                                           |
| 5        | Gujarat       | 91.18             | 65.16                                             | 71.46                                             | 26.02                                                   | 28.54                                                   | 91.18                                            | 100.00                                           |
| 6        | Haryana       | 30.41             | 17.66                                             | 58.08                                             | 12.75                                                   | 41.92                                                   | 30.41                                            | 100.00                                           |
| 7        | Himachal Pr.  | 17.09             | 7.63                                              | 44.64                                             | 9.46                                                    | 55.36                                                   | 17.09                                            | 100.00                                           |
| 8        | Mizoram       | 1.33              | 0.09                                              | 6.91                                              | 1.24                                                    | 93.09                                                   | 1.33                                             | 100.00                                           |
| 9        | Puducherry    | 1.15              | 0.94                                              | 81.33                                             | 0.21                                                    | 18.67                                                   | 1.15                                             | 100.00                                           |
| 10       | Punjab        | 34.27             | 16.79                                             | 48.98                                             | 17.48                                                   | 51.02                                                   | 34.27                                            | 100.00                                           |
| 11       | Telangana     | 53.98             | 15.68                                             | 29.05                                             | 38.30                                                   | 70.95                                                   | 53.98                                            | 100.00                                           |
| 12       | Bihar         | 167.55            | 3.16                                              | 1.89                                              | 157.19                                                  | 93.82                                                   | 160.36                                           | 95.71                                            |
| 13       | Uttarakhand   | 14.50             | 1.30                                              | 8.99                                              | 12.77                                                   | 88.05                                                   | 14.07                                            | 97.04                                            |
| 14       | Ladakh        | 0.41              | 0.01                                              | 3.48                                              | 0.38                                                    | 92.57                                                   | 0.39                                             | 96.05                                            |
| 15       | Nagaland      | 3.64              | 0.14                                              | 3.82                                              | 3.23                                                    | 88.78                                                   | 3.37                                             | 92.59                                            |
| 16       | Lakshadweep   | 0.13              |                                                   | 0.00                                              | 0.12                                                    | 91.17                                                   | 0.12                                             | 91.17                                            |

| 17   | Sikkim         | 1.33           | 0.70   | 52.96         | 0.50     |   37.73 | 1.20     |   90.69 |
|------|----------------|----------------|--------|---------------|----------|---------|----------|---------|
| 18   | Maharashtra    | 146.81         | 48.44  | 32.99         | 80.27    |   54.68 | 128.71   |   87.67 |
| 19   | Tamil Nadu     | 125.29         | 21.76  | 17.37         | 88.52    |   70.65 | 110.28   |   88.02 |
| 20   | Uttar Pr.      | 266.96         | 5.16   | 1.93          | 226.29   |   84.77 | 231.46   |   86.7  |
| 21   | Tripura        | 7.51           | 0.25   | 3.26          | 6.10     |   81.24 | 6.34     |   84.51 |
| 22   | J&K            | 19.23          | 5.75   | 29.92         | 9.77     |   50.81 | 15.53    |   80.73 |
| 23   | Assam          | 72.12          | 1.11   | 1.54          | 57.50    |   79.73 | 58.61    |   81.28 |
| 24   | Meghalaya      | 6.51           | 0.05   | 0.70          | 5.25     |   80.66 | 5.30     |   81.36 |
| 25   | Manipur        | 4.52           | 0.26   | 5.74          | 3.34     |   73.85 | 3.59     |   79.58 |
| 26   | Chhattisgarh   | 50.05          | 3.20   | 6.39          | 36.78    |   73.49 | 39.98    |   79.88 |
| 27   | Karnataka      | 101.31         | 24.51  | 24.19         | 58.66    |   57.9  | 83.17    |   82.09 |
| 28   | Odisha         | 88.70          | 3.11   | 3.50          | 64.27    |   72.46 | 67.38    |   75.96 |
| 29   | Andhra Pr.     | 95.53          | 30.74  | 32.18         | 39.65    |   41.51 | 70.40    |   73.69 |
| 30   | Madhya Pr.     | 111.91         | 13.53  | 12.09         | 61.05    |   54.55 | 74.58    |   66.65 |
| 31   | Jharkhand      | 62.55          | 3.45   | 5.52          | 30.71    |   49.1  | 34.16    |   54.62 |
| 32   | Kerala         | 70.84          | 16.64  | 23.49         | 21.68    |   30.6  | 38.32    |   54.09 |
| 33   | Rajasthan      | 107.56         | 11.74  | 10.92         | 47.32    |   44    | 59.06    |   54.91 |
| 34   | West Bengal    | 175.40         | 2.15   | 1.22          | 92.34    |   52.65 | 94.49    |   53.87 |
|      | Total 19,36.15 | Total 19,36.15 |        | 3,23.63 16.72 | 12,13.06 |   62.65 | 15,36.69 |   79.37 |

Source: JJM-IMIS

## Annexure-II

## State-wise Decadal Water Level Decadal Fluctuation with Mean (Post-Monsoon 2013 to 2022) and post-Monsoon 2023

| Sr. No.   | State Name        | No of wells analysed   |        |      |        |      |     |      | No. of wells in different depth   | No. of wells in different depth   | No. of wells in different depth   | No. of wells in different depth   | No. of wells in different depth   | No. of wells in different depth   | Total No. of Total %of   | Total No. of Total %of   | Total No. of Total %of   |
|-----------|-------------------|------------------------|--------|------|--------|------|-----|------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
| Sr. No.   | State Name        |                        |        |      |        |      |     |      | Rise                              | Rise                              | Rise                              | Rise                              | Rise                              | Rise                              | wells wells              | wells wells              | wells wells              |
| Sr. No.   | State Name        |                        | 0 to 2 | %    | 2 to 4 | %    | > 4 | %    | 0 to 2                            | %                                 | 2 to 4                            | %                                 | > 4 %                             | Rise                              | Fall                     | Rise                     | Fall                     |
| 1         | Andhra Pradesh    | 693                    | 92     | 13.3 | 27     | 3.9  | 34  | 4.9  | 381                               | 55.0                              | 119                               | 17.2                              | 40 5.8                            | 153                               | 540                      | 22.08                    | 77.92                    |
| 2         | Arunachal Pradesh | 21                     | 3      | 14.3 | 1      | 4.8  | 0   | 0.0  | 16                                | 76.2                              | 1                                 | 4.8                               | 0 0.0                             | 4                                 | 17                       | 19.05                    | 80.95                    |
| 3         | Assam             | 209                    | 97     | 46.4 | 7      | 3.3  | 0   | 0.0  | 92                                | 44.0                              | 8                                 | 3.8 5                             | 2.4                               | 104                               | 105                      | 49.76                    | 50.24                    |
| 4         | Bihar             | 606                    | 226    | 37.3 | 27     | 4.5  | 0   | 0.0  | 327                               | 54.0                              | 21 3.5                            | 4                                 | 0.7                               | 253                               | 352                      | 41.75                    | 58.09                    |
| 5         | Chhattisgarh      | 692                    | 340    | 49.1 | 42     | 6.1  | 4   | 0.6  | 260                               | 37.6                              | 32                                | 4.6 13                            | 1.9                               | 386                               | 305                      | 55.78                    | 44.08                    |
| 6         | Goa               | 80                     | 49     | 61.3 | 3      | 3.8  | 2   | 2.5  | 24                                | 30.0                              | 0 0.0                             | 2                                 | 2.5                               | 54                                | 26                       | 67.50                    | 32.50                    |
| 7         | Gujarat           | 503                    | 193    | 38.4 | 67     | 13.3 | 47  | 9.3  | 148                               | 29.4                              | 28                                | 5.6 19                            | 3.8                               | 307                               | 195                      | 61.03                    | 38.77                    |
| 8         | Haryana           | 577                    | 170    | 29.5 | 54     | 9.4  | 33  | 5.7  | 184                               | 31.9                              | 67 11.6                           | 69                                | 12.0                              | 257                               | 320                      | 44.54                    | 55.46                    |
| 9         | Himachal Pradesh  | 52                     | 28     | 53.8 | 0      | 0.0  | 3   | 5.8  | 20                                | 38.5                              | 0 0.0                             | 1                                 | 1.9                               | 31                                | 21                       | 59.62                    | 40.38                    |
| 10        | Jharkhand         | 230                    | 90     | 39.1 | 12     | 5.2  | 3   | 1.3  | 101                               | 43.9                              | 14                                | 6.1 10                            | 4.3                               | 105                               | 125                      | 45.65                    | 54.35                    |
| 11        | Karnataka         | 1160                   | 403    | 34.7 | 69     | 5.9  | 32  | 2.8  | 501                               | 43.2                              | 116                               | 10.0 37                           | 3.2                               | 504                               | 654                      | 43.45                    | 56.38                    |
| 12        | Kerala            | 1169                   | 809    | 69.2 | 51     | 4.4  | 6   | 0.5  | 284                               | 24.3                              | 13                                | 1.1 5                             | 0.4                               | 866                               | 302                      | 74.08                    | 25.83                    |
| 13        | Madhya Pradesh    | 1060                   | 397    | 37.5 | 101    | 9.5  | 47  | 4.4  | 385                               | 36.3                              | 87                                | 8.2 43                            | 4.1                               | 545                               | 515                      | 51.42                    | 48.58                    |
| 14        | Maharashtra       | 1387                   | 549    | 39.6 | 96     | 6.9  | 37  | 2.7  | 512                               | 36.9                              | 119                               | 8.6 71                            | 5.1                               | 682                               | 702                      | 49.17                    | 50.61                    |
| 15        | Meghalaya         | 29                     | 12     | 41.4 | 0      | 0.0  | 0   | 0.0  | 17                                | 58.6                              | 0                                 | 0.0                               | 0 0.0                             | 12                                | 17                       | 41.38                    | 58.62                    |
| 16        | Nagaland          | 9                      | 3      | 33.3 | 1      | 11.1 | 0   | 0.0  | 4                                 | 44.4                              | 1                                 | 11.1 0                            | 0.0                               | 4                                 | 5                        | 44.44                    | 55.56                    |
| 17        | Odisha            | 1133                   | 576    | 50.8 | 35     | 3.1  | 8   | 0.7  | 442                               | 39.0                              | 59                                | 5.2 13                            | 1.1                               | 619                               | 514                      | 54.63                    | 45.37                    |
| 18        | Punjab            | 176                    | 47     | 26.7 | 8      | 4.5  | 6   | 3.4  | 64                                | 36.4                              | 24                                | 13.6 27                           | 15.3                              | 61                                | 115                      | 34.66                    | 65.34                    |
| 19        | Rajasthan         | 753                    | 146    | 19.4 | 69     | 9.2  | 38  | 5.0  | 223                               | 29.6                              | 121 16.1                          | 156                               | 20.7                              | 253                               | 500                      | 33.60                    | 66.40                    |
| 20        | Tamil Nadu        | 771                    | 285    | 37.0 | 154    | 20.0 | 121 | 15.7 | 163                               | 21.1                              | 34                                | 4.4 14                            |                                   | 1.8 560                           | 211                      | 72.63                    | 27.37                    |
| 21        | Telangana         |                        | 156    | 25.3 | 76     | 12.3 | 82  | 13.3 | 223                               | 36.2                              | 46                                |                                   | 33                                | 5.4                               | 302                      | 50.97                    |                          |
| 22        | Tripura           | 616                    | 20     | 31.7 | 1      | 1.6  | 0   | 0.0  |                                   | 58.7                              | 4                                 | 7.5 6.3 1                         | 1.6                               | 314 21                            | 42                       | 33.33                    | 49.03 66.67              |
|           |                   | 63                     | 275    |      | 31     | 5.1  |     |      | 37                                |                                   |                                   |                                   | 2.5                               | 315                               | 291                      |                          | 48.02                    |
| 23        | Uttar Pradesh     | 606                    |        | 45.4 |        |      | 9   | 1.5  | 229                               | 37.8                              | 47                                | 7.8                               | 15                                |                                   |                          | 51.98                    |                          |

| 24   | Uttarakhand                        |   147 |   58 |   39.5 |   20 |   13.6 |   12 |   8.2 |   43 |   29.3 |   10 |   6.8 |   4 |   2.7 |   90 |   57 |   61.22 |   38.78 |
|------|------------------------------------|-------|------|--------|------|--------|------|-------|------|--------|------|-------|-----|-------|------|------|---------|---------|
| 25   | West Bengal                        |   573 |  325 |   56.7 |   11 |    1.9 |    1 |   0.2 |  213 |   37.2 |   18 |   3.1 |   5 |   0.9 |  337 |  236 |   58.81 |   41.19 |
| 26   | Andaman and Nicobar                |   108 |   72 |   66.7 |    0 |    0   |    0 |   0   |   36 |   33.3 |    0 |   0   |   0 |   0   |   72 |   36 |   66.67 |   33.33 |
| 27   | Chandigarh                         |    12 |    6 |   50   |    0 |    0   |    0 |   0   |    1 |    8.3 |    1 |   8.3 |   4 |  33.3 |    6 |    6 |   50    |   50    |
| 28   | Daman &Diu and Dadra &Nagar Haveli |    23 |   13 |   56.5 |    0 |    0   |    0 |   0   |    8 |   34.8 |    1 |   4.3 |   1 |   4.3 |   13 |   10 |   56.52 |   43.48 |
| 29   | Delhi                              |    58 |   22 |   37.9 |   13 |   22.4 |    8 |  13.8 |    6 |   10.3 |    5 |   8.6 |   4 |   6.9 |   43 |   15 |   74.14 |   25.86 |
| 30   | Jammu and Kashmir                  |   211 |  121 |   57.3 |    3 |    1.4 |    0 |   0   |   79 |   37.4 |    7 |   3.3 |   1 |   0.5 |  124 |   87 |   58.77 |   41.23 |
| 31   | Puducherry                         |     7 |    4 |   57.1 |    1 |   14.3 |    0 |   0   |    2 |   28.6 |    0 |   0   |   0 |   0   |    5 |    2 |   71.43 |   28.57 |
|      | Total                              | 13734 | 5587 |   40.7 |  980 |    7.1 |  533 |   3.9 | 5025 |   36.6 | 1003 |   7.3 | 597 |   4.3 | 7100 | 6625 |   51.7  |   48.24 |

Annexure-III

## District wise number of assessment units falling under the Over-Exploited & Critical category in different States/UTs

| States                            |   No of Over- Exploited districts in State as per GWRA-2023 |   No of Critical districts in State as per GWRA-2023 |
|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| CHHATTISGARH                      |                                                           0 |                                                    1 |
| DADRA&NAGAR HAVELI and DAMAN &DIU |                                                           3 |                                                    0 |
| DELHI                             |                                                           5 |                                                    4 |
| GUJARAT                           |                                                           2 |                                                    2 |
| HARYANA                           |                                                          16 |                                                    1 |
| KARNATAKA                         |                                                           5 |                                                    3 |
| MADHYA PRADESH                    |                                                           5 |                                                    1 |
| MAHARASHTRA                       |                                                           0 |                                                    1 |
| PUNJAB                            |                                                          18 |                                                    2 |
| RAJASTHAN                         |                                                          29 |                                                    0 |
| TAMILNADU                         |                                                           9 |                                                    2 |
| TELANGANA                         |                                                           0 |                                                    1 |
| UTTAR PRADESH                     |                                                           6 |                                                    6 |
| Total                             |                                                          98 |                                                   24 |

*****