Lok Sabha Question No. 453 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-02-05
Subject: COP 28
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: K. Subbarayan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 453

ANSWERED ON 05/02/2024

## COP28

## 453. SHRI. SUBBARAYAN K.

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether India has attended United Nations Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP)-28 in Dubai; and
- (b) if so, the details of the subjects discussed therein and the outcome thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE

(SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

(a) Yes, an inter-ministerial delegation from India had attended the 28th Session of the UN Climate  Change  Conference  (COP  28)  held  in  Dubai,  United  Arab  Emirates  from  30th November 2023 to 13th December 2023.

(b) The subjects discussed at COP 28 included the First Global Stocktake, Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), Loss and Damage Fund, Operationalisation of work programme on Just Transition pathways, Santiago Network for Loss and Damage and matters related to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

The  First  Global  Stocktake  (GST)  decision  calls  on  Parties  to  contribute  in  a  nationally determined  manner,  taking  into  account  the  Paris  Agreement  and  their  different  national circumstances,  pathways and approaches to, inter  alia ,  transition  away  from  fossil  fuels  in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating efforts towards the phasedown of unabated coal power,  accelerating efforts globally towards net zero emission energy systems, utilizing zero- and low-carbon fuels well before or by around mid-century and to triple renewable  energy  capacity  globally  and  double  the  global  average  annual  rate  of  energy efficiency improvements by 2030. The decision commits to accelerate action on the basis of the best available  science, reflecting  equity  and the principle  of common  but  differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances. The decision recognises the need to peak global emissions by 2025, and that time frames for peaking

may be shaped by sustainable development, poverty eradication needs and equity and in line with different national circumstances. The decision stressed that Global Carbon budget is now small and rapidly depleting, and historical cumulative net carbon dioxide emissions already account for about four-fifths of the total carbon budget. The First GST also decided that any Unilateral measure should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Developed countries have been asked to provide financial resources to the Developing countries for their climate actions. They have also been urged to fulfil the commitment of USD 100 billion per year through 2025.

In line with the mandate under the Paris Agreement to develop Global Goal for Adaptation, COP28 finalised the 'Emirates Framework for Global Climate Resilience', which gave Global targets in the areas of potable water supply, climate-resilient food and health services, resilient human  settlement  and  culture.  The  targets  also  include  the  vulnerability  assessment  and establishment of multi hazard early warning systems.

The decision on the operationalization of the new funding arrangements, including a Fund, for responding to loss and damage,  promised at COP27, was adopted. The new fund is to be hosted by the World Bank for an initial period of four years. 19 countries made commitments totalling $792 million towards the fund and funding arrangements related to loss and damage.

COP28 delivered a Just Transition Work Programme. This programme will drive ambitious, equitable implementation across all pillars of the Paris Agreement. It encompasses pathways that include energy, socioeconomic, workforce and other dimensions.

On Santiago  Network  for  Loss  and  Damage,  the  consortium  of  United  Nations  Office  for Disaster  Risk  Reduction  (UNDRR)  and  the  United  Nations  Office  for  Project  Services (UNOPS) were selected for hosting of the Santiago network secretariat for an initial term of five years.

Under the Article 6 decision, development of UNFCCC web-based platform for non-market approaches  has  been  discussed.  Parties  will  undertake  identification,  development  and implementation  of  their  non-market  approaches  once  the  UNFCCC  web-based  platform becomes fully operational.

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