Lok Sabha Question No. 1755 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-07-31
Subject: Literacy Rate in Tribal
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: Guman Singh Damor

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- †1755

TO BE ANSWERED ON- 31/07/2023

## LITERACY RATE IN TRIBAL

## †1755. SHRI GUMAN SINGH DAMOR:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a) the male and female literacy rate in tribal dominated districts of the country;

(b) the main reasons for the lower average literacy rate in tribal areas as compared to the national average literacy rate;

(c) the measures being taken by the Government to bridge the gap;

(d) the average annual per capita income at the national level as well as in tribal dominated districts;

(e) the efforts being made to increase the average annual income of tribal dominated areas equivalent to the National average annual income;

(f)  the  voluntary  organizations/non-governmental  organizations  working  for  the  welfare  of  Scheduled Tribes and the institution which monitors the functioning of these organizations; and

(g) the details of grant-in-aid provided to these Organisations during the last 9 years, year-wise, State-wise and Voluntary Organisation/NGO-wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SMT. RENUKA SINGH SARUTA)

(a) to (b): The male and female literacy rate in tribal priority districts (≥ 50% Scheduled Tribes population) of  the  country  as  per  Census  2011 is  given at Annexure. As  per  the  figures  obtained  through  Periodic Labour Force Survey, there has been significant increase in literacy level among STs, both male and female since the Census 2011. However, mainly due to the remoteness and difficult terrain in tribal areas, there continue to be some gaps in literacy rate in districts with major tribal population compared to the national average.

(c): In order to bridge this gap in literacy, the Department of School Education and Literacy launched an integrated Centrally Sponsored Scheme for school education i.e. 'Samagra Shiksha' with effect from the FY 2018-19. The scheme subsumes the three erstwhile Centrally Sponsored Schemes viz. 'SarvaShiksh Abhiyan' (SSA), 'Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan' (RMSA) and 'Teacher Education'. It envisages 'school' as a continuum from pre-school, primary, upper primary, secondary to senior secondary levels. The States/Union Territories are assisted by the Central Government to implement the Samagra Shiksha as a programme  for  providing  universal  access  and  retention,  bridging  the  gender  and  social  category  in education and enhancement of learning level of children at all levels of school education including in tribal areas. The scheme is in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for Education and is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 i.e. to ensure inclusive and equitable,quality and holistic school education. The scheme was initially approved from FY 2018-19 to FY 2020-21 and extended upto FY 2025-26.

The Government of India has approved a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme, namely - Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram (New India Literacy Programme -NILP) to align with the National Education Policy 2020 and to support all the States and Union Territories in promoting literacy among non-literates.

Further, Ministry of Tribal Affairs is implementing some schemes exclusively for the educational upliftment of tribal population in India namely, Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), Pre-Matric Scholarships to ST students, Post-Matric Scholarship to ST students,  National Overseas Scholarships for ST Candidates for Studying Abroad and National Fellowship & Scholarship for Higher Education of ST students. Funds are also provided by the Ministry to Voluntary Organizations working for the welfare of STs in the field of education.

Ministry of Tribal Affairs has set the target of establishing 740 EMRSs across the country and has sanctioned 694 EMRSs, out of which 401 are reported to be functional. During the academic year 2022-23, around 113275 students have enrolled in EMRSs nationwide.

Ministry of Tribal Affairs has made about 60 % of its total expenditure during the year 2022-23 under its schemes  for  the  upliftment  of  STs  in  education  sector.    Further,  under  Development  Action  Plan  for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST), Rs. 6824.04 crore has been allocated by the Department of School Education & Literacy during 2023-24 for the upliftment of STs.

(d) to (e): Per Capita Net National Income (NNI) at Current Price and Constant (2011-12) Prices from for the year 2020-21 to 2022-23 as provided by Ministry of Statistics &Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is as given below:

|                   | Per Capita Net National Income (NNI) (In Rs.)   | Per Capita Net National Income (NNI) (In Rs.)   |
|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| Years             | At Current Prices                               | At Constant (2011-12) Prices                    |
| 2020-21 (2 nd RE) | 1,27,065                                        | 86,054                                          |
| 2021-22 (1 st RE) | 1,48,524                                        | 92,583                                          |
| 2022-23(PE)       | 1,72,276                                        | 98,374                                          |

RE-Revised Estimates, PE- Provisional Estimates.

MoSPI has informed that Per capita Income on district level is not compiled by them.

Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs  is  implementing  the  schemes  of  'Pradhan  Mantri  Janjatiya  Vikas  Mission (PMJVM)' and 'Marketing and Logistics Development for Promoting Tribal Products from North -Eastern Region' for the economic upliftment if STs. Further, National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) an apex organisation is  set up exclusively for economic development of Scheduled Tribes.  The  Corporation  provides  financial  assistance  for  income  generation  activities  and  marketing support assistance for  economic  upliftment  of  Scheduled Tribes  all  over  the  country  under  its  different schemes.

Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs  also  provides  funds  to  the  State  Governments  based  on  their  proposals  for economic  upliftment  of tribals by undertaking various livelihood activities including agriculture, horticulture,  animal  husbandry,  fisheries  and  other  non-farm-based  livelihood  activities  etc.  under  the schemes/programmes 'Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)' and 'Grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution'.

Apart from the above under Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST) other Ministries / Departments are also implementing several schemes/programmes aimed for the economic upliftment of

STs  including  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Act  (MGNREGA),  Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G), Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission  (DAY-NRLM),  National  Social  Assistance  Programme  (NSAP)  of  Ministry  of  Rural Development,  Formation  and  Promotion  of10,000  FPOs,  PM-KISAN,  AtmaNirbhar  Bharat  Rozgar Yojana of Ministry of Labour& Employment, Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Atal Pension Yojana (APY), etc.

(f) to (g): The Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) / Voluntary Organizations (VOs) funded under the scheme 'Grant-in-Aid to Voluntary Organizations working for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes' are monitored as per the following schematic procedures:

1. Annual inspection and recommendation by District Authorities.
2. Scrutiny and recommendation by State Government /UT Administration.
3. Mandatory submission of annual audited accounts and utilization certificate by NGOs/VOs.
4. Inspection by Officers of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs from time to
5. time.
5.  Filing  of  expenditure  by  aided  NGOs  /  VOs  on  PFMS  using  Receipt  Expenditure  Advance &Transfer (REAT) module.
6. Provision for Third-party monitoring by an independent agency appointed by the Ministry.

The  voluntary  organizations/non-governmental  organizations  working  for  the  welfare  of  Scheduled Tribes and details of grant-in-aid provided to these Organisations during the last 9 years is available in the Annual Reports (2015-16 to 2022-23) of Ministry of Tribal Affairs available at the link given below:

https://tribal.nic.in/KnowledgeHub.aspx .

Annexure referred to in reply to part (a) to (c) of Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. †1755 for 31.07.2023 regarding 'Literacy Rate in Tribal'

Male and female literacy rate in tribal priority districts (≥ 50% Scheduled Tribes population) of the country as per Census 2011

(in percentage)

| Sl. No.   | State/UT          | District (≥ 50% Scheduled Tribes population)   | Literacy Rate   | Literacy Rate   | Literacy Rate   |
|-----------|-------------------|------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|
| Sl. No.   | State/UT          | District (≥ 50% Scheduled Tribes population)   | Total           | Male            | Female          |
| 1.        | Himachal Pradesh  | Lahul&Spiti                                    | 76.81           | 85.69           | 66.84           |
| 2.        |                   | Kinnaur                                        | 80.00           | 87.27           | 70.96           |
| 3.        | Rajasthan         | Dungarpur                                      | 59.46           | 72.88           | 46.16           |
| 4.        |                   | Banswara                                       | 56.33           | 69.48           | 43.06           |
| 5.        |                   | Pratapgarh                                     | 55.97           | 69.50           | 42.35           |
| 6.        | Sikkim            | North District                                 | 78.01           | 83.30           | 70.97           |
| 7.        | Arunachal Pradesh | Tawang                                         | 59.00           | 67.54           | 46.53           |
| 8.        |                   | West Kameng                                    | 67.07           | 73.45           | 59.05           |
| 9.        |                   | East Kameng                                    | 60.02           | 68.65           | 51.69           |
| 10.       |                   | Papum Pare                                     | 79.95           | 86.06           | 73.72           |
| 11.       |                   | Upper Subansiri                                | 63.80           | 70.02           | 57.59           |
| 12.       |                   | West Siang                                     | 66.46           | 72.81           | 59.63           |
| 13.       |                   | East Siang                                     | 72.54           | 78.47           | 66.49           |
| 14.       |                   | Upper Siang                                    | 59.99           | 66.45           | 52.63           |
| 15.       |                   | Tirap                                          | 52.19           | 61.87           | 41.89           |
| 16.       |                   | Lower Subansiri                                | 74.35           | 80.53           | 68.08           |
| 17.       |                   | KurungKumey                                    | 48.75           | 55.12           | 42.64           |
| 18.       |                   | Dibang Valley                                  | 64.10           | 68.07           | 59.16           |
| 19.       |                   | Anjaw                                          | 56.46           | 66.81           | 43.71           |
| 20.       | Nagaland          | Mon                                            | 56.99           | 60.94           | 52.58           |
| 21.       |                   | Mokokchung                                     | 91.62           | 92.18           | 91.01           |

|   22. |           | Zunheboto        |   85.26 |   87.85 |   82.62 |
|-------|-----------|------------------|---------|---------|---------|
|    23 |           | Wokha            |   87.69 |   90.81 |   84.48 |
|    24 |           | Dimapur          |   84.79 |   87.54 |   81.77 |
|    25 |           | Phek             |   78.05 |   83.66 |   72.21 |
|    26 |           | Tuensang         |   73.08 |   76.31 |   69.59 |
|    27 |           | Longleng         |   72.17 |   74.48 |   69.63 |
|    28 |           | Kiphire          |   69.54 |   74.88 |   63.96 |
|    29 |           | Kohima           |   85.23 |   88.69 |   81.48 |
|    30 |           | Peren            |   77.95 |   82.84 |   72.58 |
|    31 | Manipur   | Senapati         |   63.6  |   69.21 |   57.67 |
|    32 |           | Tamenglong       |   70.05 |   76.09 |   63.69 |
|    33 |           | Churachandpur    |   82.78 |   86.97 |   78.5  |
|    34 |           | Ukhrul           |   81.35 |   85.52 |   76.95 |
|    35 |           | Chandel          |   71.11 |   77.78 |   63.96 |
|    36 | Mizoram   | Mamit            |   84.93 |   89.13 |   80.35 |
|    37 |           | Kolasib          |   93.5  |   94.57 |   92.38 |
|    38 |           | Aizawl           |   97.89 |   98.11 |   97.67 |
|    39 |           | Champhai         |   95.91 |   97.21 |   94.59 |
|    40 |           | Serchhip         |   97.91 |   98.28 |   97.53 |
|    41 |           | Lunglei          |   88.86 |   92.04 |   85.49 |
|    42 |           | Lawngtlai        |   65.88 |   74.12 |   57.12 |
|    43 |           | Saiha            |   90.01 |   92.64 |   87.34 |
|    44 | Tripura   | Dhalai           |   85.72 |   91.31 |   79.79 |
|    45 | Meghalaya | West Garo Hills  |   67.58 |   72.39 |   62.7  |
|    46 |           | East Garo Hills  |   73.95 |   77.72 |   70.05 |
|    47 |           | South Garo Hills |   71.72 |   76.23 |   66.9  |
|    48 |           | West Khasi Hills |   77.87 |   78.53 |   77.19 |

|   49. |                | Ribhoi                   |   75.67 |   76.79 |   74.49 |
|-------|----------------|--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|
|    50 |                | East Khasi Hills         |   84.15 |   84.51 |   83.81 |
|    51 |                | Jaintia Hills            |   61.64 |   58.14 |   65.06 |
|    52 | Assam          | KarbiAnglong             |   69.25 |   76.14 |   62    |
|    53 |                | Dima Hasao               |   77.54 |   83.29 |   71.33 |
|    54 | Jharkhand      | Lohardaga                |   67.61 |   77.41 |   57.69 |
|    55 |                | Khunti                   |   63.86 |   74.08 |   53.69 |
|    56 |                | Gumla                    |   65.73 |   75.55 |   55.9  |
|    57 |                | Simdega                  |   67.99 |   76.08 |   59.92 |
|    58 |                | PashchimiSinghbhum       |   58.63 |   71.13 |   46.25 |
|    59 | Odisha         | Sundargarh               |   73.34 |   81.01 |   65.48 |
|    60 |                | Mayurbhanj               |   63.17 |   73.76 |   52.71 |
|    61 |                | Gajapati                 |   53.49 |   64.38 |   43.18 |
|    62 |                | Kandhamal                |   64.13 |   76.93 |   51.94 |
|    63 |                | Rayagada                 |   49.76 |   61.04 |   39.19 |
|    64 |                | Nabarangapur             |   46.43 |   57.31 |   35.8  |
|    65 |                | Koraput                  |   49.21 |   60.32 |   38.55 |
|    66 |                | Malkangiri               |   48.54 |   59.07 |   38.28 |
|    67 | Chhattisgarh   | Surguja                  |   60.01 |   69.53 |   50.32 |
|    68 |                | Jashpur                  |   67.92 |   77.32 |   58.61 |
|    69 |                | Uttar Bastar Kanker      |   70.29 |   80.03 |   60.64 |
|    70 |                | Bastar                   |   54.4  |   64.82 |   44.26 |
|    71 |                | Narayanpur               |   48.62 |   57.31 |   39.88 |
|    72 |                | Dakshin Bastar Dantewada |   42.12 |   51.92 |   32.54 |
|    73 |                | Bijapur                  |   40.86 |   50.46 |   31.11 |
|    74 | Madhya Pradesh | Dhar                     |   59    |   68.95 |   48.77 |
|    75 |                | Barwani                  |  649.08 |   55.7  |   42.39 |

|   76. |                          | Dindori             |   63.90 |   75.47 |   52.41 |
|-------|--------------------------|---------------------|---------|---------|---------|
|    77 |                          | Mandla              |   66.87 |   77.52 |   56.39 |
|    78 |                          | Jhabua              |   43.3  |   52.85 |   33.77 |
|    79 |                          | Alirajpur           |   36.1  |   42.02 |   30.29 |
|    80 | Gujarat                  | Dohad               |   58.82 |   70.01 |   47.65 |
|    81 |                          | Narmada             |   72.31 |   81.19 |   63.09 |
|    82 |                          | The Dangs           |   75.16 |   83.06 |   67.38 |
|    83 |                          | Valsad              |   78.55 |   84.55 |   72.06 |
|    84 |                          | Tapi                |   68.26 |   75.44 |   61.16 |
|    85 | Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | Dadra &Nagar Haveli |   76.24 |   85.17 |   64.32 |
|    86 | Maharashtra              | Nandurbar           |   64.38 |   72.17 |   56.47 |
|    87 | Lakshadweep              | Lakshadweep         |   91.85 |   95.56 |   87.95 |
|    88 | Andaman &Nicobar Islands | Nicobars            |   78.06 |   83.36 |   71.06 |
|    89 | Jammu &Kashmir *         | Leh(Ladakh)         |   77.2  |   86.31 |   63.56 |
|    90 |                          | Kargil              |   71.34 |   83.15 |   56.3  |

Source: Census 2011

* Erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir State. Districts Now in Ladakh UT.

*****