Lok Sabha Question No. 4524 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-08-20
Subject: Technologies for Recycling Non-organic Solid Waste
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Shri Kesineni Sivanath, Shri Daggumalla Prasada Rao

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4524 ANSWERED ON 20/08/2025

## TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECYCLING NON-ORGANIC SOLID WASTE

## 4524. SHRI KESINENI SIVANATH:

SHRI DAGGUMALLA PRASADA RAO:

Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- the  details  of  all  technologies  developed  and  currently  being developed  for  the  recycling  and  repurposing  of  non-organic  solid waste, including glass, plastics, e-waste, metals and other materials,
- (a) along with the entities involved;
- (b) the details of the funds allocated, released, and disbursed by the Government  for  these  projects  and  for the  research  and development of new technologies for recycling and repurposing of non-organic solid waste;
- (c) the details of the amount of revenue generated so far and the estimated revenue to be generated in future through the commercialization and large-scale adoption of recycled non-organic solid materials;
- (d) whether the Government has undertaken or plans to undertake pilot  projects  or  demonstration  plants  to  test  and  validate  these recycling technologies; and
- (e)
- if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी तथा पृ थ्िी विज्ञान मंत्रालय क े राज्य मंत्री ( स्ितंत्र प्रभार) ( डॉ. जितेंद्र स ंह )

- (a) With support from various departments of Government of India, several advanced technologies have been developed for the recycling and repurposing of non-organic solid waste including glass, plastics, e-waste,  metals,  and  other  materials.  These  technologies  aim  to promote sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and facilitate the efficient management of waste resources. A detailed list of the developed technologies is provided in Annexure-I.

(b) to (c): Under the Waste Management Technologies (WMT) programme, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) has supported  numerous  projects  in  key  focus  areas  such  as  e-waste management,  plastic  waste  recycling, processing of industrial hazardous & non-hazardous waste, and utilization of urban and rural solid waste. A total allocation of ₹44.72 crore has been made under this  programme, out  of which ₹40.09 crore has been released and disbursed to implementing agencies for technology development in the domain of non-organic solid waste management.

Council  of  Scientific  and  Industrial  Research  (CSIR)  has  allocated ₹71.12 crore to its constituent laboratories for the development of innovative  technologies  aimed  at  recycling  and  repurposing  nonorganic solid waste.

As  part  of  the  Circular  Economy  Action  Plan,  the  Ministry  of Electronics  and  Information  Technology  (MeitY)  has  sanctioned projects worth ₹165.28 crore under a public-private partnership (PPP) model. These initiatives include:

- Establishment  of  a  Centre  of  Excellence  (CoE)  on  E-waste
-  Management at C-MET, Hyderabad.
-  Development of pilot-scale facilities for processing and recovery of rare earth materials (Neodymium, Praseodymium) from  spent  magnets,  including  preparation  of  Nd,  Pr  metals, NdFeB alloy, and magnets.
-  Implementation  of  a  project  on  Informal  Sector  Capacity Building and Upgradation, including the formation of recycling
- clusters under the MSME scheme.

Against the sanctioned outlay, MeitY has released ₹46.06 crore to respective implementing agencies.

In terms of commercialisation, constituent laboratories under CSIR have  generated  ₹12.72  crore,  and  MeitY-supported  projects  have realised ₹16.50 crore in revenue through the deployment and sale of technologies related to the recycling of non-organic solid materials. Many of the developed technologies are currently at the pilot or pre-commercialisation stage.

The  technologies  for  recycling  of  non-organic  solid  waste  have potential  to  significantly   contribute  to  the  national  goals  of Viksit Bharat and Atmanirbhar Bharat by fostering domestic R&D, promoting resource recovery, and enabling sustainable waste management practices.

(d) to (e): Yes, Sir. The Government has supported and continues to support  the  establishment  of  pilot-scale  demonstration  plants  to validate and commercialize innovative recycling technologies. Details of some key initiatives are provided below:

-  Thermochemical Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste: A solar pre-heated pilot plant with a processing capacity of 5 tonnes per day (TPD) has been commissioned at Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya  (formerly  National  Rail  and  Transportation Institute), Vadodara. The plant facilitates the thermochemical conversion  of  mixed  municipal  solid  waste  into  high-quality plasto-fuels, suitable for transportation and industrial heating applications.
-  Plastic-to-Fuel Conversion Technology (Vehicle-Mounted): A mobile,  vehicle-mounted  pilot-scale  demonstration  unit  has been developed at the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai.  This  system  processes  up  to  100  kg/day  of  plastic waste to produce Poly Urja Oil, a potential alternative fuel.
-  Zero-Discharge E-Waste Recovery Plant: A zero-discharge pilot plant has been commissioned at IIT Madras for processing up to 100 kg of printed circuit boards (PCBs) with funding support from  the  Department  of  Science  and  Technology  (DST).  The facility enables the recovery of valuable metals such as lead, tin, and copper.
-  Recycling  of  Lithium  Iron  Phosphate  (LFP)  Batteries: CSIRNational Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML) has commissioned a pilot plant for the recycling of spent/discarded LFP batteries. The facility focuses on the recovery of critical materials, including lithium, iron, and phosphorus.
-  Plastic Waste to Diesel: A 1 TPD pilot-scale facility, equipped with essential pre-treatment systems, has been established at CSIR-Indian  Institute  of  Petroleum  (CSIR-IIP),  Dehradun.  The plant is designed  for the  chemical recycling of  plastic waste into diesel fuel.
-  Steel Slag Utilization in Road Construction: CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) is actively supporting both pilot-scale and commercial road construction initiatives using steel slag. This  work  is  being  undertaken  in  collaboration  with  leading steel industries (TATA Steel, JSW, AMNS India, RINL) and public infrastructure agencies such as NHAI and BRO, with a focus on sustainable infrastructure development.

## ANNEXURE-I

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4524 FOR ANSWER ON 20.08.2025

| S. No.                                                                                                                        | Name of Technology                                                             | Entity Involved                       |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| 1 Geopolymer Concrete form ingredients                                                                                        | solid CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal | using for construction                |
| 2 Eco-friendly red mud-based X-ray radiation shielding panels                                                                 | solid CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal |                                       |
| 3 Plant Residue development of a new                                                                                          | the wall                                                                       | (ZLDR) for class of                   |
| 4 High volume composite Plaster                                                                                               | CSIR- Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee                      | fly ash- Gypsum                       |
| 5 industrial and domestic conversion to armor                                                                                 | and and CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi     | waste grade SiC                       |
| 6 Extraction of and metal from such as Fe-Cr slag                                                                             | Chloride sources                                                               | Magnesium secondary and agro waste    |
| 7 porous from building                                                                                                        | Foam CSIR-Central Glass Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata            | Light-weight Glass Bricks glass waste |
| Waste material utilization technology for road and allied construction using plastics and steel slag as aggregate substitutes | CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi                    | 8                                     |
| 9 ECOFIX Technology pothole repair mix steel slag aggregates                                                                  | and                                                                            | - a ready-to-use based on iron        |
| 10 technology for construction using                                                                                          | Mud,                                                                           | embankment Jarofix, Red               |

| S. No.                                                                                         | Name of Technology                                                                                                                              | Entity Involved                                                                                             |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 11                                                                                             | Technology for converting polyethylene and polypropylene type waste plastics into fuels and chemicals like gasoline, diesel, toluene and xylene | CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun in collaboration with Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) |
| Utilisation of aluminium dross for the production of Alum                                      | CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT), Bhubaneswar                                                                         | 12                                                                                                          |
| Development of a process for recovery of valuable materials from End-of-Life Solar Panel waste | CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur                                                                 | 13                                                                                                          |
| Flux bonded flyash technology developed by CSIR-NIIST for making clay tiles and bricks         | CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram                                                | 14                                                                                                          |
| 15 Yellow Tungsten Oxide and Tungsten metal powder from heavy alloy scraps                     | CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur                                                                                        |                                                                                                             |
| 16 purity Monodispersed from waste Chloride                                                    | Oxide Liquor                                                                                                                                    | Iron Pickle                                                                                                 |
| 17 Recovery of Lead residue                                                                    | Plant                                                                                                                                           | from Zinc                                                                                                   |
| 18 Recovery of Nickel Nickel Catalyst                                                          | Spent                                                                                                                                           | from                                                                                                        |
| 19 magnetite using                                                                             | CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur                                                                                        | Compressed                                                                                                  |
| 20 meta-vanadate and pentoxide from spent                                                      | vanadium acid                                                                                                                                   | sulfuric                                                                                                    |

| S. No.                                                                    | Name of Technology                                                                                                                                                                                       | Entity Involved                                                                 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 21                                                                        | Hot-stage engineering technology for recovery of Iron from Copper Smelter Slag and utilization of residual slag in blended cement                                                                        |                                                                                 |
| Technology for Holistic Recycling of Variable-grade Zinc Dross to Recover | Pyro-hydrometallurgical Scale-up Zinc Metal and Salts                                                                                                                                                    | 22                                                                              |
| and redox action based advanced anti- corrosion coating materials         | CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi                                                                                                                                                       | 23 Waste Derived Self-healing                                                   |
| 24                                                                        | Eco-friendly recycling technology for plastics and metallic components from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) CIPET- Odisha                                                               | Bhubaneswar,                                                                    |
| 25                                                                        | Petroleum Pitch-based Anode Technology for High-Temperature Electrolysis                                                                                                                                 | Anna University, Chennai                                                        |
| 26                                                                        | Marble slurry waste utilization technology for Flue Gas Desulfurization and production of Plaster of Paris or Cement National of Technology,                                                             | Malviya Institute Jaipur, Rajasthan                                             |
| 27                                                                        | Production of high purity Copper Oxide nanoparticles from depopulated Printed Circuit Boards (e-waste) using novel Cu-selective ligand grafted polymeric resins, for recycling of e-waste. Bhabha Atomic | Research Centre (BARC), a constituent unit of Department of Atomic energy (DAE) |
| 28                                                                        | Geopolymer-based precast building product technology using Fly Ash and GGBS SRM University Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu                                                                                    |                                                                                 |
| 29 Circuit Boards (PCBs)                                                  | Zero-discharge pilot plant technology for processing Printed recover IIT-Madras                                                                                                                          | to                                                                              |

|   S. No. | Name of Technology                                                                                                                                                    | Entity Involved                                                                              |
|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|       30 | Black powder utilization technology for manufacturing radiation shielding materials from E-waste recycling                                                            | Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, New Delhi                                         |
|       31 | Solar pre-heated thermochemical conversion technology for municipal mixed solid waste to produce high- quality plasto-fuels for transportation and industrial heating | Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (Erstwhile National Rail and Transportation Institute), Vadodara |
|       32 | ICT-Poly Urja mobile plant technology for converting plastic waste into fuel - Pilot-Scale demonstration                                                              | ICT Mumbai                                                                                   |
|       33 | Applying mobile Modular solutions to Rejuvenate the Indian landscape by Treating plastic wAste. (AMRITA)                                                              | Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind, Pune                                           |
|       34 | Recycled PET and plastic waste- based filament technology for 3D printing and other applications                                                                      | Canara engineering college, Karnataka                                                        |
|       35 | Automobile industry grinding waste utilization technology for sustainable construction materials                                                                      | Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai                                          |
|       36 | Assorted alluminium alloy scrap recycling technology for producing 1 TPD aluminium alloy ingots suitable for SMEs                                                     | Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore                                              |
|       37 | Industrial waste utilization technology for Dense and Gap- graded Asphalt Mixes as fillers                                                                            | Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh                                 |
|       38 | Sustainable Green Technology for recovery of rare earths from Phosphor materials of electronic display and lighting products                                          | CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad                                                                         |

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