Lok Sabha Question No. 3818 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-12-18
Subject: Mining of Critical Minerals
Ministry: MINES
Asked by: Shri Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3818

ANSWERED ON 18.12.2024

## MINING OF CRITICAL MINERALS

3818 SHRI LAVU SRI KRISHNA DEVARAYALU:

Will the Minister of MINES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether it is a fact that India is a net importer of critical minerals and if so, year-wise details thereof for the last five years;
- (b) the details of the countries from where India imports each of the 30 critical minerals listed by the Government, percentage share-wise and total quantity-wise;
- (c)  the  details of the steps the Government has taken to ensure resource security for these 30 critical minerals;
- (d)  whether  the  Government  is  aware  of  the  fact  that  many  critical  minerals  can  be recycled/reused from End-Of-Life (EOL) electronics or e-waste and battery waste and if so, the steps taken to utilize this resource stream;
- (e) whether private companies are allowed to mine critical minerals and if so, the incentive structures provided to support them; and
- (f) if not, whether the Government has any plans to incentivise critical mineral mining and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF COAL AND MINES (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

(a): Yes, Sir. Critical and Strategic minerals are listed in Part 'D', Schedule 1 of Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957 and are 24 in number. India is a net importer  in  most  of  the  critical  minerals  on  account  of  their  nil  or  limited  reserves/ production in the country. The year-wise details of net imports for the last five years is given at Annexure-I .

- (b): The details of the countries, including total quantity and percentage share, from where India imports each of the 24 critical minerals, is given at Annexure-II .
- En
- (c) & (d): The Government has, inter-alia , taken the following steps to ensure resource security for these 24 critical minerals:
-  Central Government has been empowered to exclusively auction mining lease and composite license for 24 critical minerals, with an aim to increase exploration and

mining of critical  minerals  and  ensure  self-sufficiency  in  their  supply.  24  blocks have  been  successfully  auctioned  so  far.  Moreover,  royalty  rates  of  critical minerals have been rationalized to encourage greater participation in auctions.

-  A new mineral concession namely, Exploration License has been introduced for 29 deep-seated minerals most of which are critical minerals and are difficult to explore and mine.
-  National  Mineral  Exploration  Trust  (NMET)  has  been  funding  critical  mineral exploration projects through various exploration agencies.
-  The Government has announced in the Union Budget 2024-25 the setting up of a Critical Mineral Mission for a harmonized approach in areas including domestic production, recycling, overseas acquisition of critical mineral assets, and research & development (R&D).
-  As part of the Union Budget 2024-25 announcements, import duties have been eliminated  for  most  of  the  critical  minerals  to  diversify  import  source  and  to encourage domestic refining and processing.
-  The Government has entered into bilateral Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with  the  Governments  of  mineral-rich  countries  such  as  Australia,  Argentina, Zambia, Peru, Zimbabwe, Bolivia, Morocco, Mali, Colombia, Chile, Mozambique, Malawi, Cote D'Ivoire and also international organizations such as International Energy Agency (IEA).
-  Under the aegis of Ministry of Mines, a joint venture company named Khanij Bidesh India  Ltd.  (KABIL)  has  been  incorporated  to  acquire  critical  mineral  assets overseas. KABIL has signed an Exploration and Development Agreement with M/s CAMYEN,  a  State-owned  enterprise  of  Catamarca  province  of  Argentina,  for exploration and mining of five Lithium blocks in Argentina.

(e) & (f): Yes, Sir. The private companies are allowed to mine minerals, including critical minerals, through participation in auction of mineral concessions as per the provisions of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 [MMDR, Act, 1957] and the rules made thereunder. The auction method incentivizes prospective bidders in terms of ensuring a rules-based mechanism for allocation of mineral blocks as well as a fair and transparent valuation of such blocks.

*****

## ANNEXURE-I

Annexure-I  referred  to  in  reply  to  part  (a)  of  LS  USQ  3818  answered  on  18.12.2024 regarding 'Mining of Critical Minerals'

Table: Net import of Critical Minerals for the last 5 years (Value in Rs. Crore)

| S. No.   | Critical mineral        | 2019-20   | 2020-21   | 2021-22   | 2022-23   | 2023-24   |
|----------|-------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| 1        | Beryllium               | 50        | 40        | 95        | 74        | 121       |
| 2        | Cadmium                 | 19        | 19        | 23        | 21        | 377       |
| 3        | Cobalt                  | 205       | 69        | 196       | 141       | 140       |
| 4        | Gallium                 | 0.41      | 0.005     | 4         | 0.003     | 0.01      |
| 5        | Graphite                | 315       | 437       | 664       | 1,069     | 1,104     |
| 6        | Indium                  | 0.41      | 0.005     | 4         | 0.003     | 0.01      |
| 7        | Lithium                 | 395       | 298       | 417       | 554       | 541       |
| 8        | Molybdenum              | 1,102     | 935       | 1,705     | 2,389     | 3,481     |
| 9        | Niobium                 | 36        | 8         | 47        | 21        | 8         |
| 10       | Nickel                  | 3,586     | 3,396     | 5,468     | 6,575     | 6,210     |
| 11       | Platinum Group Elements | 2,413     | 3,480     | 3,277     | 12,212    | 2,152     |
| 12       | Phosphorous             | 5,402     | 5,316     | 10,432    | 15,123    | 12,648    |
| 13-14    | Potash, Glauconite      | 24        | 40        | 79        | 214       | 219       |
| 15       | REE                     | -18       | -73       | -300      | -409      | -247      |
| 16       | Rhenium                 | 50        | 40        | 95        | 72        | 121       |
| 17       | Selenium                | 66        | 64        | 63        | 39        | 59        |
| 18       | Tantalum                | 7.4       | -0.4      | -3.4      | 3.4       | 0.6       |
| 19       | Tellurium               | 2.32      | 2         | 2         | 2.07      | 4.50      |
| 20       | Tin                     | 1,413     | 1,377     | 2,658     | 3,044     | 2,576     |
| 21       | Titanium                | -58       | -92       | -43       | 7         | 221       |
| 22       | Tungsten                | 16        | -8        | -103      | -74       | 13        |
| 23       | Vanadium                | 145       | 78        | 200       | 209       | 156       |
| 24       | Zirconium               | 607       | 699       | 1,126     | 1,515     | 1,391     |

Note:  Net  import  values  of  critical  minerals  are  that  of  its  ore,  waste  &  scrap  and unwrought metallic/ finished product forms.

## ANNEXURE II

Annexure-II referred to in  reply  to  part  (b)  of  LS  USQ  3818  answered  on  18.12.2024 regarding 'Mining of Critical Minerals'

## Table: Country-wise imports of critical minerals for FY 2023-24

|   S. No. | Critical Mineral   | HS Code with Description                                   | Countries   | Quantity (Tonnes)   |   %share |
|----------|--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|---------------------|----------|
|        1 | Beryllium          | 284190- Other salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids | Belgium     | 2,054               |     81   |
|        1 | Beryllium          | 284190- Other salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids | China       | 161                 |      6   |
|        1 | Beryllium          | 284190- Other salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids | Vietnam     | 133                 |      5   |
|        1 | Beryllium          | 284190- Other salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids | Others      | 195                 |      8   |
|        1 | Beryllium          | 284190- Other salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids | Total       | 2,543               |    100   |
|        1 | Beryllium          | 81121200- Beryllium unwrought, powders                     | Total       | 0                   |      0   |
|        1 | Beryllium          | 81121300- Beryllium, waste & scrap                         | Total       | 0                   |      0   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 28259020- Cadmium oxide                                    | Australia   | 2,421               |     48   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 28259020- Cadmium oxide                                    | Korea       | 1,798               |     36   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 28259020- Cadmium oxide                                    | China       | 390                 |      8   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 28259020- Cadmium oxide                                    | Others      | 438                 |      9   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 28259020- Cadmium oxide                                    | Total       | 5,047               |    100   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 81126910- Cadmium, unwrought; Powders                      | Korea       | 2,450               |     25   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 81126910- Cadmium, unwrought; Powders                      | China       | 1,548               |     16   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 81126910- Cadmium, unwrought; Powders                      | Japan       | 1,428               |     14   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 81126910- Cadmium, unwrought; Powders                      | Others      | 4,470               |     45   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 81126910- Cadmium, unwrought; Powders                      | Total       | 9,896               |    100   |
|        2 | Cadmium            | 81126100- Cadmium, waste & scrap                           | Total       | 0                   |      0   |
|        3 | Cobalt             | 2605- Cobalt ores and concentrates                         | UK          | 1                   |     91   |
|        3 | Cobalt             | 2605- Cobalt ores and concentrates                         | China       | 0.1                 |      9   |
|        3 | Cobalt             | 2605- Cobalt ores and concentrates                         | Total       | 1.1                 |    100   |
|        3 |                    | 28220010- Cobalt oxides                                    | Belgium     | 313                 |     93.9 |
|        3 |                    | 28220010- Cobalt oxides                                    | China       | 10                  |      3.1 |
|        3 |                    | 28220010- Cobalt oxides                                    | Finland     | 8                   |      2.4 |
|        3 |                    | 28220010- Cobalt oxides                                    | Others      | 2                   |      0.6 |
|        3 |                    | 28220010- Cobalt oxides                                    | Total       | 333                 |    100   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | Belgium     | 133                 |     62   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | China       | 45                  |     21   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | Korea       | 10                  |      5   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | Others      | 27                  |     13   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | Total       | 215                 |    100   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | China       | 25                  |     91   |
|        3 |                    | 28220020- Cobalt hydroxides                                | Germany     | 1.4                 |      5   |

|    |            | 28220030- Commercial cobalt oxides                                | France                 | 0.95     |   3 |
|----|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|----------|-----|
|    |            |                                                                   | Total                  | 27.4     | 100 |
|    |            | 81052020- Cobalt,                                                 | Belgium                | 132.8    |  42 |
|    |            | unwrought                                                         | China                  | 96.6     |  30 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Japan                  | 41       |  13 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Norway                 | 40       |  13 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Others                 | 6.5      |   2 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Total                  | 316.9    | 100 |
|    |            | 81053000- Cobalt, waste & scrap                                   | Total                  | 0        |   0 |
| 4  | Gallium    | 811292- Other:                                                    | USA                    | 0.01     | 100 |
|    |            | Unwrought; waste and scrap; powders                               | Total                  | 0.01     | 100 |
| 5  | Graphite   | 2504- Natural                                                     | Madagascar             | 24,429   |  45 |
|    |            | Graphite                                                          | China                  | 21,326   |  39 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Mozambique             | 5,548    |  10 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Others                 | 3,482    |   6 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Total                  | 54,784   | 100 |
|    |            | 3801- Artificial Graphite; colloidal                              | China                  | 67,088   |  66 |
|    |            | or semi colloidal                                                 | Germany                | 5,435    |   5 |
|    |            |                                                                   | UAE                    | 5,354    |   5 |
|    |            | graphite; preparations                                            | Others                 | 24,010   |  24 |
|    |            | based on graphite or other carbon in form of pastes, blocks, etc. | Total                  | 1,01,886 | 100 |
| 6  | Indium     | 811292- Other:                                                    | USA                    | 0.01     | 100 |
|    |            | Unwrought; waste and scrap; powders                               | Total                  | 0.01     | 100 |
| 7  | Lithium    | 28252000- Lithium                                                 | Belgium                | 384      |  33 |
|    |            | oxide and hydroxide                                               | Russia                 | 304      |  26 |
|    |            |                                                                   | China                  | 228      |  20 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Others                 | 231      |  20 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Total                  | 1,148    | 100 |
|    |            | 28369100- Lithium                                                 | Ireland                | 400      |  35 |
|    |            | carbonates                                                        | Netherland             | 200      |  17 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Belgium                | 167      |  15 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Others                 | 379      |  33 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Total                  | 1,146    | 100 |
| 8  | Molybdenum | 2613- Molybdenum                                                  | Chile                  | 5,203    |  39 |
|    |            | ores and                                                          | Thailand               | 3,190    |  24 |
|    |            | concentrates                                                      | UAE                    | 1,867    |  14 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Others                 | 3,222    |  24 |
|    |            |                                                                   | Total                  | 13,482   | 100 |
|    |            | 282570- Molybdenum USA                                            | 282570- Molybdenum USA | 6,794    |  86 |
|    |            | oxides and                                                        | Brazil                 | 312      |   4 |
|    |            | hydroxides                                                        | Germany                | 184      |   2 |

|    |         |                                                  | Others            | 641       | 8     |
|----|---------|--------------------------------------------------|-------------------|-----------|-------|
|    |         |                                                  | Total             | 7,931     | 100   |
|    |         | 810294- Unwrought molybdenum, including bars and | China             | 254.7     | 88    |
|    |         |                                                  | Hong Kong         | 17.5      | 6     |
|    |         |                                                  | Germany           | 10        | 3     |
|    |         | rods obtained simply                             | Others            | 6.8       | 2     |
|    |         | by sintering                                     | Total             | 289       | 100   |
|    |         | 810297-                                          | Bangladesh        | 0.65      | 100   |
|    |         | Molybdenum, waste & scrap                        | Total             | 0.65      | 100   |
| 9  | Niobium | 261590- Niobium ores                             | Germany           | 119       | 37    |
|    |         | and concentrates                                 | Russia            | 107       | 33    |
|    |         |                                                  | Mexico            | 43        | 13    |
|    |         |                                                  | Others            | 56        | 17    |
|    |         |                                                  | Total             | 325       | 100   |
|    |         | 811292- Other:                                   | USA               | 0.01      | 100   |
|    |         | Unwrought; waste and scrap; powders              | Total             | 0.01      | 100   |
| 10 | Nickel  | 2604- Nickel Ores and concentrates               | Total             | 0         | 0     |
|    |         | 282540-Nickel oxides                             | Australia         | 90,561.2  | 98.9  |
|    |         | and hydroxides                                   | China             | 361.6     | 0.4   |
|    |         |                                                  | Sweden            | 296       | 0.3   |
|    |         |                                                  | Others            | 345.7     | 0.4   |
|    |         |                                                  | Total             | 91,564.5  | 100   |
|    |         | 282735- Chlorides of                             | Japan             | 174       | 67    |
|    |         | Nickel                                           | Belgium           | 46        | 18    |
|    |         |                                                  | France            | 20        | 8     |
|    |         |                                                  | Others            | 18        | 7     |
|    |         |                                                  | Total             | 258       | 100   |
|    |         | 283324- Sulphates of                             | Belgium           | 810       | 53    |
|    |         | Nickel                                           | Japan             | 398       | 26    |
|    |         |                                                  | South Africa      | 181       | 12    |
|    |         |                                                  | Others            | 128       | 8     |
|    |         |                                                  | Total             | 1,517     | 100   |
|    |         | 7502- Unwrought                                  | Norway            | 5,878     | 17    |
|    |         | nickel                                           | China             | 4,942     | 15    |
|    |         |                                                  | Netherland        | 4,500     | 13    |
|    |         |                                                  | Japan             | 3,892     | 12    |
|    |         |                                                  | Canada            | 3,129     | 9     |
|    |         |                                                  | Others            | 11,392    | 34    |
|    |         |                                                  |                   |           | 100   |
|    |         |                                                  | Total             | 33,733    |       |
|    |         | 7503- Nickel waste & scrap                       | Saudia Arabia USA | 1,061 698 | 24 16 |

|     |                                |                                                       | UAE          | 593       |      14 |
|-----|--------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-----------|---------|
|     |                                |                                                       | Singapore    | 300       |   7     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Malaysia     | 222       |   5     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Others       | 1,473     |  34     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 4,346     | 100     |
| 11  | Platinum Group                 | 7110- Platinum, unwrought or in manufactured form, or | UK           | 3         |  33     |
|     |                                | semi-                                                 | UAE          | 2         |  23     |
|     | Elements                       |                                                       | South Africa | 2         |  16     |
|     |                                | in powder form                                        | Others       | 3         |  28     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 10        | 100     |
| 12  | Phosphorous25101010- Unground: | Phosphorous25101010- Unground:                        | Jordan       | 29,39,360 |  59     |
|     |                                | Natural calcium                                       | Egypt        | 8,33,366  |  17     |
|     |                                | phosphate                                             | Lebanon      | 4,85,740  |  10     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Others       | 7,13,950  |  14     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 49,72,415 | 100     |
|     |                                | 25102010- Ground:                                     | Morocco      | 10,91,648 |  29     |
|     |                                | Natural calcium                                       | Togo         | 7,83,271  |  20     |
|     |                                | phosphates                                            | Algeria      | 7,01,521  |  18     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Others       | 12,53,221 |  33     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 38,29,661 | 100     |
| 13- | Potash,                        | 281520- Potassium                                     | Korea        | 21,593    |  74     |
| 14  | Glauconite                     | hydroxide                                             | China        | 6,304     |  22     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Taiwan       | 623       |   2     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Others       | 664       |   2     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 29,184    | 100     |
|     |                                | 283421- Nitrates of                                   | China        | 1,471     |  99.86  |
|     |                                | potassium                                             | Italy        | 1.78      |   0.12  |
|     |                                |                                                       | France       | 0.15      |   0.01  |
|     |                                |                                                       | Others       | 0.06      |   0.004 |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 1,472.99  | 100     |
| 15  | REE                            | 28053000- Alkali or                                   | China        | 699       |  59     |
|     |                                | alkaline earth metals:                                | Hong Kong    | 234       |  20     |
|     |                                | Rare-earth metals,                                    | Japan        | 192       |  16     |
|     |                                | scandium and yttrium,                                 | Others       | 60        |   5     |
|     |                                | whether or not intermixed or inter                    | Total        | 1,185     | 100     |
|     |                                | 2846- Compounds,                                      | China        | 780       |  72     |
|     |                                | inorganic or organic,                                 | Japan        | 148       |  14     |
|     |                                | of rare earth metals                                  | Korea        | 90        |   8     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Others       | 68        |   6     |
|     |                                |                                                       | Total        | 1,086     | 100     |
| 16  | Rhenium                        | 284190- Other salts                                   | Belgium      | 2,054     |  81     |
|     |                                | of oxometallic or                                     | China        | 161       |   6     |
|     |                                | peroxometallic acids                                  | Vietnam      | 133       |   5     |

|    |           |                                                     | Others     | 195    |   8 |
|----|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------|--------|-----|
|    |           |                                                     | Total      | 2,543  | 100 |
|    |           | 81124110- Unwrought Rhenium                         | Total      | 0      |   0 |
|    |           | 81124120- Rhenium, waste & scrap                    | Total      | 0      |   0 |
| 17 | Selenium  | 280490- Selenium                                    | Japan      | 214    |  42 |
|    |           |                                                     | Korea      | 111    |  22 |
|    |           |                                                     | Belgium    | 84     |  17 |
|    |           |                                                     | Others     | 98     |  19 |
|    |           |                                                     | Total      | 507    | 100 |
| 18 | Tantalum  | 26159020- Niobium or tantalum ores and concentrates | Total      | 0      |   0 |
|    |           | 810320- Unwrought                                   | China      | 0.4    |  98 |
|    |           | tantalum, including                                 | USA        | 0.01   |   2 |
|    |           | bars and rods obtained simply by sintering; powders | Total      | 0.41   | 100 |
|    |           | 810330- Tantalum, waste & scrap                     | Total      | 0      |   0 |
| 19 | Tellurium | 28045020- Tellurium                                 | Japan      | 3.05   |  46 |
|    |           |                                                     | China      | 2.68   |  41 |
|    |           |                                                     | Luxembourg | 0.7    |  11 |
|    |           |                                                     | Others     | 0.15   |   2 |
|    |           |                                                     | Total      | 6.58   | 100 |
| 20 | Tin       | 2609- Tin ores and Concentrates                     | Total      | 0      |   0 |
|    |           | 8001- Unwrought Tin                                 | Indonesia  | 9,226  |  77 |
|    |           |                                                     | Singapore  | 1,161  |  10 |
|    |           |                                                     | Malaysia   | 850    |   7 |
|    |           |                                                     | Others     | 729    |   6 |
|    |           |                                                     | Total      | 11,967 | 100 |
|    |           | 8002- Tin, waste & scrap                            | Total      | 0      |   0 |
| 21 | Titanium  | 2614- Titanium Ores                                 | Mozambique | 39,946 |  44 |
|    |           | and Concentrates                                    | Malaysia   | 13,924 |  15 |
|    |           |                                                     | Netherland | 13,232 |  15 |
|    |           |                                                     | Others     | 22,819 |  25 |
|    |           |                                                     | Total      | 89,921 | 100 |
|    |           | 2823- Titanium                                      | Korea      | 6,150  |  35 |
|    |           | Oxides                                              | China      | 4,862  |  27 |
|    |           |                                                     | Japan      | 1,941  |  11 |
|    |           |                                                     | Others     | 4,835  |  27 |
|    |           |                                                     | Total      | 17,788 | 100 |

|    |           | 81082000- Unwrought                      | China      | 658    | 72   |
|----|-----------|------------------------------------------|------------|--------|------|
|    |           | titanium;                                | Kazakhstan | 180    | 20   |
|    |           | powders                                  | Russia     | 50     | 5    |
|    |           |                                          | Others     | 22     | 2    |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 910    | 100  |
|    |           | 81083000- Titanium,                      | USA        | 1,634  | 24   |
|    |           | waste & scrap                            | Japan      | 1,534  | 23   |
|    |           |                                          | Singapore  | 980    | 14   |
|    |           |                                          | Others     | 2,658  | 39   |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 6,805  | 100  |
| 22 | Tungsten  | 2611- Tungsten Ores                      | Netherland | 58     | 78   |
|    |           | and Concentrates                         | Lithuania  | 11     | 15   |
|    |           |                                          | Canada     | 5      | 7    |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 74     | 100  |
|    |           | 81019400-                                | China      | 186.74 | 90   |
|    |           | Unwrought tungsten,                      | USA        | 9.61   | 5    |
|    |           | including bars and                       | Germany    | 4.07   | 2    |
|    |           | rods obtained simply                     | Others     | 7.95   | 4    |
|    |           | by sintering                             | Total      | 208.37 | 100  |
|    |           | 81019700- Tungsten,                      | Bangladesh | 7.51   | 65.5 |
|    |           | waste & scrap                            | USA        | 3.94   | 34.4 |
|    |           |                                          | Singapore  | 0.01   | 0.1  |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 11.46  | 100  |
| 23 | Vanadium  | 26159010- Vanadium                       | Germany    | 119    | 37   |
|    |           | ores and                                 | Russia     | 107    | 33   |
|    |           | concentrates                             | Mexico     | 43     | 13   |
|    |           |                                          | Others     | 56     | 17   |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 325    | 100  |
|    |           | 282530- Vanadium                         | Mexico     | 969    | 31   |
|    |           | oxides and                               | Thailand   | 360    | 12   |
|    |           | hydroxides                               | Kuwait     | 325    | 10   |
|    |           |                                          | Others     | 1,447  | 47   |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 3,102  | 100  |
|    |           | 811292- Other:                           | USA        | 0.01   | 100  |
|    |           | Unwrought; waste and scrap; powders      | Total      | 0.01   | 100  |
| 24 | Zirconium | 26151000- Zirconium                      | Indonesia  | 29,239 | 36   |
|    |           | ores and                                 | Australia  | 15,397 | 19   |
|    |           | concentrates                             | Malaysia   | 10,639 | 13   |
|    |           |                                          | Others     | 26,982 | 33   |
|    |           |                                          | Total      | 82,257 | 100  |
|    |           | 81092100-                                | France     | 2.64   | 100  |
|    |           | Unwrought zirconium; powders, Containing |            |        | 100  |
|    |           | less than 1 part                         | Total      | 2.64   |      |

| hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight   |         |      |     |
|--------------------------------------------|---------|------|-----|
| 81092900- Zirconium,                       | Japan   | 0.36 |  77 |
| waste & scrap                              | USA     | 0.09 |  19 |
|                                            | Germany | 0.02 |   4 |
|                                            | Total   | 0.47 | 100 |