Lok Sabha Question No. 4386 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-03-27
Subject: Fluctuation in Hydropower Generation
Ministry: POWER
Asked by: Shri Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF POWER

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.4386 ANSWERED ON 27.03.2025

## FLUCTUATION IN HYDROPOWER GENERATION

4386.  SHRI GURMEET SINGH MEET HAYER:

Will the Minister of POWER be pleased to state:

(a) the  details  of  the  highest  recorded  peak  power  demand  and  the  corresponding peak power shortage in 2024;

(b) the  details  of  the  projected  peak  power  demand  and  potential  shortages assessed for 2025 and measures planned to address them;

- (c) the manner in which the fluctuations in hydropower generation impacted overall power  availability  in  2024  and  the  steps  taken/being  taken  by  the  Government  to mitigate similar challenges in the future; and
- (d) the  details  of  the  initiatives  that  are  in  place  to  enhance  the  integration  of renewable energy into the national grid and specific capacity addition targets set for 2025?

## A N S W E R

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF POWER

(SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK)

- (a): All  India  Peak  Demand  for  FY  2024-25  (upto  February,  2025)  was  2,49,856  MW which  occurred  on  30.05.2024.  This  peak  demand  was  successfully  met  with  only  a marginal gap of 2 MW.

(b): There  is adequate  availability of power  in the country. Present installed generation capacity of the country is 470 GW.  Government of India has addressed the critical issue of power deficiency by adding 238 GW of generation capacity since April, 2014 transforming the country from power deficit to power sufficient. Further, addition of 2,01,088 circuit kilometer (ckm) of Transmission lines, 7,78,017 MVA of Transformation capacity and 82,790 MW of Inter-Regional capacity has been done since 2014  with  capability  of  transferring  1,18,740  MW  from  one  corner  of  the  country  to another.

As per mid-term review of 20th Electric Power Survey, the All India Peak Demand of the country is expected to be 277 GW in 2025-26. The country is confident to meet this projected demand  with optimal usage of existing and under construction capacities.

Further, Government of India has taken following measures to ensure uninterrupted and reliable power supply in the country:

- (i) All the GENCOs including IPPs and Central generating stations have been advised to  generate  and  maintain full  availability  on  daily  basis  excluding  the  period  of planned maintenance or forced outage.
- (ii) Hydro based generation is being scheduled in a manner so as to conserve water for meeting demand during peak period.
- (iii) Planned maintenance of generating units is being minimized during period of high demand.
- (iv) New power generation capacity is being monitored closely for timely addition.
- (v) Steady supply of coal to all the thermal power plants is being ensured to prevent fuel shortages.
- (vi) Directions under Section 11 of Electricity Act have been issued to imported coal based plants to operate and generate power to their full capacity.
- (vii) Gas-based  power  plants  of  NTPC  as  well  as  other  generators  are  being scheduled during high power demand period.
- (viii) Government has facilitated power trading through regulatory framework whereby states  with  surplus  generation  can  sell  power  to  states  which  are  in  deficit through  three  (3)  power  exchanges  viz.  Indian  Energy  Exchange  (IEX),  Power Exchange India Ltd (PXIL) and Hindustan Power Exchange Ltd.
- (ix) Electricity  market  has  been  reformed  by  adding  the  Real  Time  Market  (RTM), Green Day Ahead Market (GDAM), Green Term Ahead Market (GTAM), High Price Day  Ahead  Market  (HPDAM)  in  Power  exchange.  Also,  there  is  DEEP  portal  for e-bidding and e-Reverse for procurement of short-Term power by DISCOMs.

(c) : The hydro generation during the year 2024-25 (April, 2024 to February, 2025) was 1,39,780 Million Units (MUs) as compared to 1,27,038 MUs during corresponding period of  2023-24,  showing  a  growth  of  10  %  in  Hydro  generation.  Any  shortfall/variation  in generation  from  RE  Sources  including  hydro  is  handled  with  corresponding  change  in thermal generation so as to adequately meet the power demand.

(d)  :  The  Government  has  taken  various  measures  to  facilitate  the  integration  of Renewable  Energy  (RE)  resources  into  the  National  Grid  to  ensure  reliability  and stability as under:

- i. Development of intra-state transmission network is being planned to keep pace with RE capacity addition. Strong inter connection of ISTS RE schemes with the intra-state  network  to  ensure  better  reliability  in  terms  of  anchoring  voltage stability, angular stability, losses reduction etc. is being done.
- ii. Central Financial Assistance (CFA) is being provided to the States for setting up Transmission infrastructure for RE integration within their State under the Green Energy Corridor Scheme. iii. Encouraging  setting up of RE  projects with storage facilities for optimal utilisation of transmission facilities. iv. Flexibilization of thermal generation is mandated to address the variability of RE generation. v. CEA (Technical Standards for Connectivity to the Grid) Regulations lay down the minimum technical requirements for the RE generating plants to ensure the safe, secure and reliable operation of the grid. The compliances to the said regulations by RE plants are verified jointly by Central Transmission Utility (CTUIL) and GridIndia/RLDCs  before  granting  connectivity/interconnection  to  the  national  grid. Robust compliances verification is done before interconnection of any new plant to the grid. vi. Indian Electricity Grid Code mandates that RE plants participate in the primary and  secondary  frequency  control  in  case  of  contingencies.  Hybrid  RE  power plants, Energy Storage Systems such as BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) and PSP (Pump Storage Project) are being promoted for mitigating variability in RE generation and provide adequate frequency support to the grid. vii. Establishment  of  dedicated  13  No.  of  Renewable  Energy  Management  Centres (REMC) in RE rich States and Regions for dedicated, monitoring, forecasting and scheduling of Solar and Wind plants. The details of capacity addition for the FY 2025-26 are given at Annexure.

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## ANNEXURE  REFERRED  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (d)  OF  UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO.  4386 ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 27.03.2025

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## The details of capacity addition for the FY2025-26 :

| Project                                               | Implementing Agency                       | Unit No.                                  | State                                     | Capacity (MW)              | Commissioning Schedule     |
|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|
| THERMAL (As on 10.03.2025)                            | THERMAL (As on 10.03.2025)                | THERMAL (As on 10.03.2025)                | THERMAL (As on 10.03.2025)                | THERMAL (As on 10.03.2025) | THERMAL (As on 10.03.2025) |
| CENTRAL SECTOR                                        | CENTRAL SECTOR                            | CENTRAL SECTOR                            | CENTRAL SECTOR                            | 4,900 MW                   | 4,900 MW                   |
| Ghatampur TPP                                         | NUPPL                                     | U-2                                       | Uttar Pradesh                             | 660                        | May-25                     |
| Buxar TPP                                             | SJVN                                      | U-1                                       | Bihar                                     | 660                        | May-25                     |
| Khurja SCTPP                                          | THDC                                      | U-2                                       | Uttar Pradesh                             | 660                        | Jun-25                     |
| Buxar TPP                                             | SJVN                                      | U-2                                       | Bihar                                     | 660                        | Sep-25                     |
| Ghatampur TPP                                         | NUPPL                                     | U-3                                       | Uttar Pradesh                             | 660                        | Oct-25                     |
| Patratu STPP                                          | PVUNL                                     | U-2                                       | Jharkhand                                 | 800                        | Dec-25                     |
| Patratu STPP                                          | PVUNL                                     | U-3                                       | Jharkhand                                 | 800                        | Mar-26                     |
| STATE SECTOR                                          | STATE SECTOR                              | STATE SECTOR                              | STATE SECTOR                              | 4,380 MW                   | 4,380 MW                   |
| Udangudi STPP St-I                                    | TANGEDCO                                  | U-1                                       | Tamil Nadu                                | 660                        | May-25                     |
| Sagardighi TPP St-III                                 | WBPDCL                                    | U-1                                       | West Bengal                               | 660                        | May-25                     |
| Yadadri TPS                                           | TSGENCO                                   | U-4                                       | Telangana                                 | 800                        | Jun-25                     |
| Yadadri TPS                                           | TSGENCO                                   | U-3                                       | Telangana                                 | 800                        | Jul-25                     |
| Udangudi STPP St-I                                    | TANGEDCO                                  | U-2                                       | Tamil Nadu                                | 660                        | Aug-25                     |
| Yadadri TPS                                           | TSGENCO                                   | U-5                                       | Telangana                                 | 800                        | Sep-25                     |
| PRIVATE SECTOR                                        | PRIVATE SECTOR                            | PRIVATE SECTOR                            | PRIVATE SECTOR                            | 0                          | 0                          |
| TOTAL THERMAL (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE)             | TOTAL THERMAL (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE) | TOTAL THERMAL (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE) | TOTAL THERMAL (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE) | 9,280                      | 9,280                      |
| HYDRO (As on 12.03.2025)                              | HYDRO (As on 12.03.2025)                  | HYDRO (As on 12.03.2025)                  | HYDRO (As on 12.03.2025)                  |                            |                            |
| CENTRAL SECTOR                                        | CENTRAL SECTOR                            | CENTRAL SECTOR                            | CENTRAL SECTOR                            | 3,170 MW                   | 3,170 MW                   |
| Parbati-II                                            | NHPC                                      | U-1 to 4                                  | Himachal Pradesh                          | 800                        | Mar-25                     |
| Rangit-IV                                             | NHPC                                      | U-1 to 3                                  | Sikkim                                    | 120                        | Dec-25                     |
| Subansiri Lower                                       | NHPC                                      | U-1 to 5                                  | Arunachal Pradesh                         | 1250                       | Dec-25                     |
| Tehri PSS                                             | THDC                                      | U-1 to 4                                  | Uttarakhand                               | 1000                       | Oct-25                     |
| STATE SECTOR                                          | STATE SECTOR                              | STATE SECTOR                              | STATE SECTOR                              | 950 MW                     | 950 MW                     |
| Uhl-III                                               | BVPCL                                     | U-1 to 3                                  | Himachal Pradesh                          | 100                        | Mar-25                     |
| Lower Sileru Extension                                | APGENCO                                   | U-1 to 2                                  | Andhra Pradesh                            | 230                        | Oct-25                     |
| Lower Kopili                                          | APGCL                                     | U-1 to 5                                  | Assam                                     | 120                        | Sep-25                     |
| Kundah Pumped Storage (Phase-I, Phase-II & Phase-III) | TANGEDCO                                  | U-1 to 4                                  | Tamil Nadu                                | 500                        | Dec-25                     |
| PRIVATE SECTOR                                        | PRIVATE SECTOR                            | PRIVATE SECTOR                            | PRIVATE SECTOR                            | 1,920 MW                   | 1,920 MW                   |
| Kutehr                                                | JSW                                       | U-1 to 3                                  | Himachal Pradesh                          | 240                        | Jul-25                     |
| Pinnapuram                                            | GREENKO                                   | U-1 to 8                                  | Andhra Pradesh                            | 1680                       | Jul-25                     |
| TOTAL HYDRO (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE)               | TOTAL HYDRO (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE)   | TOTAL HYDRO (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE)   | TOTAL HYDRO (CENTRAL + STATE + PRIVATE)   | 6,040 MW                   | 6,040 MW                   |

| NUCLEAR                               | NUCLEAR                         | NUCLEAR                         | NUCLEAR                         | NUCLEAR   | NUCLEAR   |
|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|-----------|-----------|
|                                       | CENTRAL SECTOR                  | CENTRAL SECTOR                  | CENTRAL SECTOR                  | 5,900 MW  | 5,900 MW  |
| Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant        | NPCIL                           | U-3                             | Tamil Nadu                      | 4000      | Mar-26    |
| Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) | BHAVINI                         |                                 | Tamil Nadu                      | 500       | 2025-26   |
| Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS) | NPCIL                           | U-7 to 8                        | Rajasthan                       | 1400      | 2025-26   |
| TOTAL (THERMAL + HYDRO+NUCLEAR)       | TOTAL (THERMAL + HYDRO+NUCLEAR) | TOTAL (THERMAL + HYDRO+NUCLEAR) | TOTAL (THERMAL + HYDRO+NUCLEAR) | 21,220 MW | 21,220 MW |

Renewable Energy : 1,53,920 MW Renewable Capacity including 84,310 MW of Solar, 28,280 MW of Wind and 40,890  MW  Hybrid  power  is  under  construction.    Out  of  this,  34,855  MW  RE  capacity  is likely to be added by 2025-26. Energy Storage Projects : In  energy  storage  systems,  13,050  MW/78,300  MWh  Pumped  Storage  Projects  are  under construction/concurred  and  14,970  MW/54,803  MWh  Battery  Energy  Storage  System  are currently under various stages of construction/bidding.  Out of this, 6,853 MW/ 36,592 MWh of energy storage system (3,180 MW/19,080 MWh Pumped Storage Projects and 3,673 MW/ 17,512 MWh of Battery Energy Storage System) is likely to be added by 2025-26.

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