Lok Sabha Question No. 18 (STARRED), answered on 2024-11-25
Subject: Indian Skilled Professionals in the Global Market
Ministry: SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Asked by: Shri Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav, Shri Narayan Tatu Rane

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO -*18

ANSWERED ON - 25.11.2024

## SKILL PROFESSIONALS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET

## *18. SHRI SANJAY HARIBHAU JADHAV SHRI NARAYAN TATU RANE

Will the Minister of SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP be pleased to state:-

- (a) whether the Government is aware that the share of lndian skilled professionals in the global market has been declining continuously;
- (b) if  so,  the  reasons therefor and whether the Government has conducted any review in this regard along with the details thereof;
- (c) the  details  of  the  steps  taken/proposed  to  be  taken  by  the  Government  to increase  the  share  of  skilled  professionals  of  the  country  in  the  global workforce;
- (d) the  details  of  the  steps  taken/proposed  to  be  taken  by  the  Government  to overcome the issue of proportional skill gap in relation to the population of the country;
- (e) whether the Government proposes to focus on the non-traditional sectors of employment for the Indian workforce in the global market and if so, the details thereof; and
- (f) the steps taken/proposed to be taken by the Government  to create employment and provide social security coverage for the deprived category of people in the society?

## ANSWER

THE  MINISTER  OF  STATE  (INDEPENDENT  CHARGE)  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)

- (a) to (f) A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (A) TO (F) OF LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  *18  TO  BE  ANSWERED  ON  25.11.2024  ASKED BY SHRI  SANJAY  HARIBHAU  JADHAV  AND  SHRI  NARAYAN  TATU  RANE REGARDING SKILL PROFESSIONALS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET

- (a) As  per  information  provided  by  Ministry  of  External  Affairs,  the  data  is maintained  only  in  respect  of  Indian  workers  holding  Emigration  Check  Required (ECR) passports, proceeding for overseas employment through e-Migrate portal to any  of  the  ECR  category  countries.  The  ECR  passport  holders  are  generally unskilled or semi-skilled workers. The Emigration Clearances (ECs) granted to such workers  has  in  fact  increased  during  the  last  3  years.  The  data  for  ECs  granted during last 3 years is shown in Table 1 below.
- (b) Does not arise.
- (c) Government has been working towards establishing institutional mechanisms to  foster  the  global  mobility  of  Indian  workers  as  well  as  students,  academicians, researches, business persons etc. The government has been proactively furthering the  mobility  for  Indian  workforce  through  diverse  MoUs/  agreements  such  as, Migration and Mobility Partnerships, Labour mobility and Labour Welfare Agreements, Skill Development  and Vocational Education and Training with destination countries, which establish a robust framework for legal migration.These agreements/MoUs  seek  to  enhance  global  employment  opportunities  for  Indian workers  while  protecting  their  labour  rights,  preventing  irregular  migration  and supporting skill development. Agreements/MoUs on Migration and Mobility Partnership  have  been  signed  with  France,  UK,  Germany,  Austria,  Australia,  Italy and Denmark. Labour Mobility Agreements have been signed with Japan, Portugal, Mauritius, Israel, Taiwan and Malaysia.
- (d) In order to bridge the skill gap in relation to the population of the country, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship is delivering skill, re-skill and upskill training through an extensive network of skill development centres/colleges/institutes etc. under various schemes, viz. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas  Yojana  (PMKVY),  Jan  Sikhshan  Sansthan  (JSS),  National  Apprenticeship

Table 1: Emigration Clearances (ECs) granted to workers with ECR passport, during the last 3 years

|   Year | Number of Emigration Clearances Granted   |
|--------|-------------------------------------------|
|   2023 | 3,98,317                                  |
|   2022 | 3,73,425                                  |
|   2021 | 1,32,675                                  |

Promotion Scheme  (NAPS)  and  Craftsman Training Scheme  (CTS)  through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) across the country. The brief of these schemes is as under:

Pradhan  Mantri  Kaushal  Vikas  Yojana  (PMKVY): PMKVY Scheme is for imparting  skill  development  training  through  Short-Term  Training  (STT)  and up-skilling and re-skilling through Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) to youth across the country including rural areas.

Jan  Shikshan  Sansthan  (JSS)  Scheme: The  main  target  of  the  JSS  is  to impart  vocational  skills  to  the  non-literates,  neo-literates  and  the  persons having rudimentary level of education and school dropouts upto 12th standard in  the  age  group  of  15-45  years,  with  due  age  relaxation  in  case  of 'Divyangjan' and other deserving cases. Priority is given to Women, SC, ST, OBC and Minorities in the rural areas and urban low-income areas.

National  Apprenticeship  Promotion  Scheme  (NAPS): This  Scheme is for promoting apprenticeship training and increasing the engagement of apprentices by providing financial support for payment of stipend to apprentices.  Training  consists  of  Basic  Training  and  On-the-Job  Training  / Practical Training at workplace in the industry.

Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS): This scheme is for providing long-term training  through  Industrial  Training  Institutes  (ITIs)  across  the  country.  The ITIs offer a range of vocational/skill training courses covering a large number of  economic  sectors  with  an  objective  to  provide  skilled  workforce  to  the industry as well as self-employment of youth.

(e) Government  of  India  has  a  vision  to  make  India  Global  Skill  hub  and becoming  the  source  of  trusted  and  highly  skilled  workforce  for  various  domains across the world.

With the objective to identify skill development needs of different sectors and to meet the skilled manpower requirement of the industry both domestic and international, 36 Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), led by industry leaders in the respective sectors, have been set up by National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Courses under skill development programmes are updated on periodic intervals with inputs from SSCs to bridge identified skill gaps across sectors.

Accordingly,  under  Pradhan  Mantri  Kaushal  Vikas  Yojana  (PMKVY)  4.0,  the Government has started new age and futuristic courses such as coding, AI, robotics, mechatronics,  IOT,  3D  printing,  drones,  Cloud  Computing.Directorate  General  of Training  (DGT)  under  Ministry  of  Skill  Development  &  Entrepreneurship  is  also imparting vocational training in 29 new age/ Future Skills courses such as Drones, Artificial Intelligence, Mechatronics, Internet of Things, Cybersecurity, Semiconductor etc.

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has initiated a programme titled 'FutureSkills PRIME', jointly with NASSCOM, aimed at re-skilling/ up-skilling of candidates in new/emerging technologies, namely Artificial Intelligence, Robotic Process Automation, Augmented/Virtual Reality, Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics,  Additive  Manufacturing/  3D  Printing,  Cloud  Computing, Social  &  Mobile, Cyber Security and Blockchain.

(f) Employment generation coupled with improving employability is the priority of the Government. Accordingly, the Government of India has taken various steps for generating employment in the country.

The  various  Ministries  /  Departments  of  Government  of  India  like  the  Ministry  of Micro,  Small  and  Medium  Enterprises,  Ministry  of  Rural  Development,  Ministry  of Housing  and  Urban  Affairs,  Ministry  of  Finance,  Ministry  of  Textiles,  Ministry  of Electronics and Information Technology etc. are implementing different employment generation  schemes  like  Prime  Minister's  Employment  Generation  Programme (PMEGP),  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Scheme  (MGNREGS), Deen Dayal Upadhaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana (DDU-GKY), Rural Self Employment  and  Training  Institutes  (RSETIs),  Deendayal  Antyodaya  Yojana  National Urban Livelihood Mission (DAY-NULM), Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana etc including increase in capital expenditure to boost employment creation. The details of various employment schemes being implemented by the Government of India may be seen at https://dge.gov.in/dge/schemes\_programmes.

Further,  Government  announced  in  the  Budget  2024-25,  the  Prime  Ministers' package  of  5  schemes  and  initiatives  to  facilitate  employment,  skilling  and  other opportunities for 4.1 crore youth over a 5-year period with a central outlay of Rs. 2 lakh crore.

As  per  the  Un-organized  Workers'  Social  Security  Act,  2008,  the  Government  is mandated  to  provide  Social  Security  to  the  workers  of  unorganized  sector  by formulating suitable welfare schemes on matters relating to life and disability cover, health and maternity benefits, old age protection etc. The Life and Disability cover is provided through Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) and Pradhan Mantri  Suraksha  Bima  Yojana  (PMSBY).  The  health  and  maternity  benefits  are insured through AyushmanBharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY). Pradhan  Mantri  Shram  Yogi  Maan-dhan  Yojana  (PM  SYM)  provide  old  age protection to unorganised sector workers. Other schemes such as Public Distribution System through One Nation One Ration Card scheme under National Food Security Act,  Mahatma Gandhi  National  Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Pradhan Mantri Awas  Yojana,  PMSVANidhi,  etc.  are  also  available  for  the  unorganized  sector workers depending upon their eligibility criteria.

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