Lok Sabha Question No. 5317 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-04-03
Subject: Waste to Energy Projects
Ministry: HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Asked by: Dr. K Sudhakar, Dr. Hemant Vishnu Savara, Smt. Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah, Shri Malvinder Singh Kang, Shri Captain Brijesh Chowta

## MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 5317 TO BE ANSWERED ON APRIL 03, 2025 WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS

NO. 5317.  DR. K SUDHAKAR: SMT. MALA RAJYA LAXMI SHAH: SHRI CAPTAIN BRIJESH CHOWTA: SHRI MALVINDER SINGH KANG: DR. HEMANT VISHNU SAVARA:

Will the Minister for HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether it is a fact that a large quantity of garbage is dumped every day and also sometimes it gets piled up in the colonies thereby polluting the areas;
- (b) if so, whether the Government has taken steps to address the disposal of bio-degradable  waste  or  proposes  to  process  the  waste/garbage  and produce electricity and biogas therefrom and if so, the details thereof along with initiatives taken in this regard;
- (c) the financial assistance provided to various States for bio-degradable waste management during the last five years and the current year;
- (d) the number of biogas plants existing in various cities across the country along with the steps being taken to encourage biogas plants;
- (e) whether the Government has taken steps to install biogas plants in rural areas across the country and if so, the details of biogas plants set up during the last five years and the current year, State-wise; and
- (f) whether the Government has notified any guidelines for the development of bio-energy projects in the country and if so, the details thereof along with the  quantum  of  financial  assistance  provided/to  be  provided  for  the  said purpose?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS (SHRI TOKHAN SAHU)

(a) to (e) :  The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, provide the statutory framework for the management of solid waste in the country. As per the Rules,  the  local  authorities  and  village  panchayats  of  census  towns  and urban agglomerations, shall allow only the non-usable, non-recyclable, nonbiodegradable,   non-combustible   and   non-reactive   inert   waste and pre-

processing rejects and residues from waste processing facilities to go to sanitary landfill sites. The rules further stipulate that every effort shall be made to recycle or reuse the rejects to achieve the desired objective of zero waste  going  to  landfill.  Further,  all  old  open  dumpsites  and  existing operational  dumpsites  are  to  be  investigated  and  analysed  by  local authorities and village panchayats for their potential of biomining and bioremediation and wheresoever, feasible, take necessary actions to bio-mine or bio-remediate the sites.

Local bodies are also mandated to facilitate construction, operation and maintenance of solid waste processing facilities and associated infrastructure using suitable technology including the following technologies  and  adhering  to  the  guidelines  issued  by  the  Ministry  of Housing and Urban Affairs from time to time and standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board. Model Procurement Documents have been prepared by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and shared with all States to expedite the bidding process. A public dashboard also captures live data at https://swachhurban.org for transparency and project monitoring.  Preference  shall  be  given  to  decentralized  processing  to minimize transportation cost and environmental impacts such as:

- (i) bio-methanation, microbial composting, vermi-composting, anaerobic  digestion  or  any  other  appropriate  processing  for  biostabilisation of biodegradable wastes; and
- (ii)  waste  to  energy  processes  including  refused  derived  fuel  for combustible fraction of waste or supply as feedstock to solid waste based power plants or cement kilns

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM-U) 2.0 has been launched on October 1, 2021 for a period of five years with a vision of achieving safe sanitation, scientific management of all fractions of waste including bio-degradable waste and remediation of legacy dumpsites. Legacy dumpsites have been created over decades and pose a very challenging task.  For the first time, the task of knocking down these garbage-dumps has been taken up at a national scale under Swachh Bharat Mission.

As reported by States/UTs on Swachhattam portal, a total of 1,61,157 ton per day (TPD) of Municipal Solid Waste is generated in the urban areas of the country. Out of which 1,29,708 TPD is processed. i.e. against 16% waste processing  in  2014,  the  current  processing  capacity  has  increased  to 80.49%  by  setting  up  of  waste  processing  facilities  such  as  Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs), transfer stations, composting plants, Construction and Demolition (C&D) and waste to energy plants including waste to electricity, bio-methanation plants etc. State-wise waste processing facilities are available on website at https://sbmurban.org/swachh-bharat-mission-progess

States/Union  Territories  prepare  and  submit  the  City  Solid  Waste  Action Plan (CSWAP) for management of solid waste to claim funds.  Under Solid Waste  Management  (SWM)  component  of  SBM-U  2.0,  Central  Financial Assistance (CFA) is provided for setting up of waste processing facilities such as Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs), composting plants, Construction and Demolition (C&D) and waste to energy plants including waste to electricity, bio-methanation plants etc. to States/UTs on the basis of  their  needs  decide  suitable  types  of  SWM  plants.  Separate  details  of financial  assistance  provided  for  waste  to  electricity  and  biogas  are  not maintained. Under SWM component of SBM-U, projects including waste to energy and waste to biogas worth Rs. 23549.42 crore having central share of Rs. 8662.28 crore has been approved and central share of Rs. 1970.92 crore has been released from 2020-21 to 2025-26.

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affair (MoHUA) provides support under SBMUrban for setting up of municipal solid waste based CBG plants in Urban Area. As per the budget announcement 2023-24, 500 new 'Waste to Wealth' plants  under  GOBARdhan  are  to  be  established  for  promoting  circular economy. These will include 200 compressed biogas (CBG) plants, including 75 plants in urban areas.

Under  Phase-II  of  Swachh  Bharat  Mission-  Grameen  (SBM-G),  financial assistance of up to Rs. 50.00 lakh per district is available for the complete programme period from 2020-21 to 2025-26 for setting up of Community level biogas plant under GOBARdhan.   As on date, States/UTs have reported 895 functional community biogas plants with minimum capacity of 5 cum/day on GOBARdhan portal.    Details  of  the  State/UT  wise  Functional  Community Biogas Plants under SBM-G is given in Annexure - I.

(f) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has issued new guidelines regarding Waste to Energy Programme (Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial,  Agricultural  Wastes/  Residues)  on  02.11.2022.  Under  new guidelines of the programme for the period of 2020-21 to 2025-26, Central Financial Assistance shall be made available to projects for setting up of large Biogas, BioCNG and Power plants (excluding MSW to Power projects). State-wise  details  provided  by  Ministry  of  New  and  Renewable  Energy regarding Bio-methanation projects alongwith financial assistance provide for establishment of the Bio-methanation plants during the last five years and the current year are at Annexure -II.

*****

Statement  referred  to  the  reply  of  the  part  (a)  to  (e)  of  the  Lok  Sabha Unstarred  Question  No.  5317  for  03.04.2025  regarding  'Waste  to  Energy Projects'

## State/UT wise Functional Community Biogas Plants under SBM-G

| S. No.   | State Name         | Number of Functional Community   |
|----------|--------------------|----------------------------------|
| 1.       | Assam              | 20                               |
| 2.       | Bihar              | 17                               |
| 3.       | Chhattisgarh       | 281                              |
| 4.       | Gujarat            | 33                               |
| 5.       | Haryana            | 8                                |
| 6.       | Himachal Pradesh 7 |                                  |
| 7.       | Jammu & Kashmir 11 |                                  |
| 8.       | Jharkhand 33       |                                  |
| 9.       | Karnataka          | 64                               |
| 10.      | Kerala 24          |                                  |
| 11.      | Madhya Pradesh 115 |                                  |
| 12.      | Maharashtra        | 8                                |
| 13.      | Puducherry 2       |                                  |
| 14.      | Punjab             | 20                               |
| 15.      | Rajasthan          | 14                               |
| 16.      | Tamil Nadu         | 78                               |
| 17.      | Tripura            | 16                               |
| 18.      | Uttar Pradesh 111  |                                  |
| 19.      | Uttarakhand        | 19                               |
| 20.      | West Bengal        | 14                               |
|          | Total              | 895                              |

Annexure - II

Statement referred to the reply of the part (f) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 5317 for 03.04.2025 regarding 'Waste to Energy Projects'

State-wise  details  of  CFA  provided  to  bio-methanation  (Biogas/BioCNG/ Biogas to power) plants supported under the Waste to Energy programme during last five years and the current year:

| States         |   No. of projects |   Installed Capacity (in MWeq) |   Total CFA including Service charges (in Rs. Crores) |
|----------------|-------------------|--------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| Andhra Pradesh |                 6 |                           1.83 |                                                  4.38 |
| Goa            |                 1 |                           1    |                                                  3.03 |
| Gujarat        |                 9 |                           7.46 |                                                 23.12 |
| Haryana        |                 5 |                           4.52 |                                                 16.12 |
| Karnataka      |                 3 |                           5.35 |                                                 14.02 |
| Madhya Pradesh |                 2 |                           4.85 |                                                 11.04 |
| Maharashtra    |                 7 |                           9.58 |                                                 15.77 |
| Tamil Nadu     |                 3 |                           5.92 |                                                 17.54 |
| Telangana      |                 5 |                           4.58 |                                                  7.72 |
| Uttar Pradesh  |                 8 |                           8.63 |                                                 33.4  |
| Uttarakhand    |                 1 |                           0.09 |                                                  0.2  |
| Total          |                50 |                          53.8  |                                                146.34 |