Lok Sabha Question No. 1318 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-07-27
Subject: Erosion by Gandak River
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Sunil Kumar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI

## DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1318

## ANSWERED ON 27.07.2023

## EROSION BY GANDAK RIVER

## †1318. SHRI SUNIL KUMAR

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  is  aware  of  the  threat  of  displacement  being  felt  by  the  people  of  urban  area because of the erosion by Gandak river flowing in Valmiki Nagar Parliamentary Constituency;

(b) if so, whether the Government has conducted any review of the erosion caused by Gandak river;

(c) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and

(d) the steps taken by the Government for resolving the issue?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI

## ( SHRI BISHWESWAR TUDU )

(a)  to  (c) Erosion, movement and deposition of sediment in a river are natural regulating functions of a river. Rivers tend to maintain a balance between the silt load carried & silt load deposited, maintaining a river regime. Soil erosion caused by heavy floods is a matter of concern as it leads to several associated problems like  changes  in  river  course,  causing  loss  of  land,  etc.  Flood  management  including  erosion  control  falls within  the  purview  of  the  States.  Flood  management  and  anti-erosion  schemes  are  formulated  and implemented by concerned State Governments as per their priority. The Union Government supplements the efforts of the States  by providing  technical guidance  and  also  promotional  financial assistance for management of floods in critical areas. The Government of India has been making continuous efforts to assist the State Governments in effective flood management and erosion control. Morphological Studies by various IITs  and  NITs  have  been  carried  out  for  major  rivers  like  Brahmaputra,  Ganga,  Sharda,  Rapti,  Subansari, Krishna, Tungbhadra, Mahanadi, Mahananda, etc. These Studies play an important role in knowing the nature of  rivers  in  a  comprehensive  manner  and  provide  assessment  of  decadal  bank-line  movement,  erosion  & deposition  in  different  reaches  in  respect  of  base  year,  derivation  of  reach-wise  morphological  indices  and identification of critical reaches.The Morphological Study of River Gandak from India-Nepal border upto the confluence with river Ganga has been conducted by Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune utilizing satellite data for the years1988,1994,1999&2004 and maps of Survey of India. The entire study reach has been divided into seven zones from A to G.  As per the study, the minimum rate of change in right bank is ranging from 4 m/year to 176 m/year and maximum rate of change is varying from 44 m/year to 876 m /year.  Similarly, the  minimum  rate  of  change  in  left bank  is  ranging  from  4  m/year  to  220  m/year  and maximum rate of change is varying from 40 m/year to 1132 m /year.

(d) Water Resource Department, Government of Bihar carries out anti erosion works before every monsoon period on River Gandak as per Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of the Department. The works that have been executed by  Government of Bihar in Valmikinagar constituency in recent past to control the erosion caused by Gandak river are mentioned at Annexure. The works related to maintenance of embankments on Gandak Barrage Project on Nepal side are funded through Flood Management and Border Areas Programme (FMBAP)  of  Department  of  Water  Resources,  River  Development  and  Ganga  Rejuvenation  on  the recommendation  of  India-Nepal  Gandak  High  Level  Standing  Committee  (GHLSC).  The  operation  and maintenance  issues  of  Gandak  Barrage  and  its  appurtenant  structures  are  discussed  in  India-Nepal  Joint Committee on Kosi and Gandak Projects (JCKGP).

ANNEXURE

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (d) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1318  TO  BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  27.07.2023  REGARDING  'EROSION  BY GANDAK RIVER'

|   S. No |   Year |   No of Works | Name of Work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |   Amount (Rs. in Lakh) |
|---------|--------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
|       1 |   2012 |             1 | Bagaha town protection work with Crated Boulder (Phase-I) before flood 2012 Kalighat to Narayanapur and Shastrinagar to Goriyapatti.                                                                                                               |                9078.1  |
|       2 |   2013 |             1 | Bagaha town protection work with Crated Boulder (Phase-II) before flood 2013 Goriyapatti to Dindayalnagar and Poorhouse.                                                                                                                           |               13202.2  |
|       3 |   2016 |             1 | Bagaha town protection work with Crated Boulder (Phase-III) before flood 2016 Magalpur to Kalighat and Ratanmala to Poorhouse.                                                                                                                     |                3525.23 |
|       4 |   2017 |             1 | Anti erosion work for protection of Valmikinagar forest on the left bank of river Gandak in d/s of Valmikinagar Barrage                                                                                                                            |                2593.09 |
|       5 |   2019 |             2 | Bagaha town protection work with Crated Boulder (Phase-IV A) before flood 2019 Ratanmala to Poorhouse.                                                                                                                                             |                 750    |
|       5 |   2019 |             2 | A.E. Work for Bagaha town Protection phase IV.                                                                                                                                                                                                     |                 472.57 |
|       6 |   2020 |             4 | A.E. Work for restoration of apron at Mangalpur on the Left bank of river Gandak.                                                                                                                                                                  |                  79.17 |
|       6 |   2020 |             4 | A.E. Work at Mangalpur on the Left bank of river Gandak. (Phase IV B)                                                                                                                                                                              |                 874.87 |
|       6 |   2020 |             4 | A.E. Work for protection of Madanpur forest on the Left bank of river Gandak.                                                                                                                                                                      |                 181    |
|       6 |   2020 |             4 | A.E. Work for restoration of damaged apron at Mirzatola on the Left bank of river Gandak.                                                                                                                                                          |                 135    |
|       7 |   2021 |             2 | A.E. Work for restoration of slope and apron at Mangalpur on the Left bank of river Gandak.                                                                                                                                                        |                 147.27 |
|       7 |   2021 |             2 | A.E. Work for restoration of damaged apron at Mirzatola on the Left bank of river Gandak.                                                                                                                                                          |                  45.15 |
|       8 |   2022 |             2 | A.E. Work for restoration and protection of damaged apron, slope and E/W filling upto designed level of left guide bundh of DhanhaRatwal bridge with protection.                                                                                   |                1450.24 |
|       8 |   2022 |             2 | A.E. Work for for restoration of ten studs at left bank of river Gandak at Rajwatiyamela ground and damaged apron at Mirzatola on the Left bank of river Gandak and strengthening of Champaran embankment between 2.0 to 3.0 km and 5.0 to 7.0 km. |                 473.86 |
|       9 |   2023 |             2 | Restoration of Anti Erosion Work at Parasnagar, Anandnagar and Shastrinagar site.                                                                                                                                                                  |                 989.22 |
|       9 |   2023 |             2 | Anti Erosion Work for Restoration of damaged apron and slope of DhanahaRatwal left guide bundh.                                                                                                                                                    |                 132.24 |

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