Lok Sabha Question No. 663 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-07-23
Subject: Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) testbeds
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Dr. Sanjay Jaiswal, Shri Dineshbhai Makwana

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 663 ANSWERED ON 23/07/2025

## CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILISATION (CCU) TESTBEDS

## 663.  SHRI DINESHBHAI MAKWANA:

DR. SANJAY JAISWAL:

Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) the objectives and significance of establishing five CCU testbeds in the cement sector and manner in which this initiative  supports India's  net-zero target by 2070;
- (b) the  details  of  institutions  and  industry  partners  involved  in  the  CCU testbeds and the distinct technological solutions being developed at each site;
- and
- (c) the  expected  impact  of  these  CCU  testbeds  on  CO ₂ reduction  in  the cement industry and their potential for scaling to other hard-to-abate sectors?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी तथा पृ थ्िी विज्ञान मंत्रालय क े राज्य मंत्री ( स्ितंत्र प्रभार) ( डॉ. जितेंद्र स ंह )

- (a) The  Department  of  Science  &  Technology  (DST)  is  in  the  process  of considering the recommendation of the Expert Panel for five Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) testbeds in the Cement sector in different parts of the country. The objectives of these CCU testbeds are to capture Carbon Dioxide (CO ₂ )  emission  from  cement  manufacturing  and  convert  it  into  value-added products like synthetic fuels, urea, soda ash, concrete aggregates, and foodgrade CO ₂ .  These testbeds are going to act as a platform for validating and demonstrating  CCU  technologies  at  small  scale  in  real  industrial  settings through Industry-Academia  collaborations. This initiative has  significant relevance  to  enable  Industrial  decarbonisation  in  the  country  with  special focus on emissions-intensive sectors like Cement by promoting circular carbon economy, thereby aligning well with India's overarching target of net-zero by
- 2070.
- (b) The  Expert  Panel  constituted  by  DST  has  recommended  five  CCU testbeds, and the Department is in the process of considering the recommendations  of  the  Expert  Panel  for  further  processing  and  financial sanctions. The site-wise details of Institutions and Industry partners involved

## in  these  recommended  CCU  testbeds  along  with  proposed  technological solutions to be deployed, are given below:

|   Sl. No. | Site location            | Institutions                                                                                                                       | Industry Partner            | Technological Solutions                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
|-----------|--------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|         1 | Chittorgarh, Rajasthan   | National Council for Cement and Building Material, Ballabhgarh and Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee                         | JK Cement Limited           | Oxygen-based Calcination to capture 2TPD (Tonnes Per Day) of CO 2 and its utilization (0.4 TPD) in lightweight concrete products and olefins.                                                                            |
|         2 | Sundergarh, Odisha       | Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur                                                                                             | JSW Cement Limited          | Carbon-negative using solvent-based carbon capture technology at a scale of 1 TPD and utilizing captured CO 2 for mineralisation into concrete using ICCM (Integrated Carbon Capture and Mineralization)                 |
|         3 | Rajganjpur, Odisha       | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai                                                                                      | Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. | Water-based catalyst - driven CO 2 capture process, at a scale of 2 TPD, designed for integration within a live cement plant, enabling conversion of captured CO 2 into calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and formic |
|         4 | Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh  | CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Indian Institute of Technology, Tirupati, and Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru | JSW Cement Limited          | Vacuum Swing Adsorption Process for CO 2 capture (1 TPD) from Cement Kiln Gas and its utilization within the construction material value chain.                                                                          |
|         5 | Reddipalayam, Tamil Nadu | Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Goa                             | Ultratech Cement Ltd.       | New kiln burning technology based on oxygen-enriched burning, capture using adsorption/absorption, and mineralization of captured CO 2 (2 TPD) using concrete blocks, waste concrete fines and concrete plant sludge.    |

- (c) The Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) testbeds are expected to lower Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions within India's cement sector, which constitutes approximately  7-8%  of  the  Nation's  industrial  carbon  emissions.  These recommended CCU testbeds are envisaged to demonstrate the carbon capture and utilization at small scale i.e. up to 02 TPD (Tonnes Per Day).  Apart from reduction in CO2 emissions, these testbeds are expected to generate valuable by-products, such as synthetic fuels and construction materials, and thereby contributing to the circular carbon economy.

Further, the successful implementation of testbeds is going to enable Indian industries to adopt the technologies and scale up them to a full commercial level. These modular solutions have the potential to replicate in other hard-toabate  sectors,  including  power,  iron  &  steel,  oil  &  natural  gas,  chemical industry,  etc.,  through  customized  engineering  into  pre-existing  industrial frameworks.

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