opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 195 (STARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Re-notification of Boundaries of Shettihalli Wildlife Area
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Shri B Y Raghavendra

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 195

TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.08.2024

## Re-notification of Boundaries of Shettihalli Wildlife Area

- *195. SHRI B Y RAGHAVENDRA:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has received any proposal for re-notification of boundaries of Shettihalli Wildlife area and formation of Eco Sensitive Zone in Shimoga Constituency in the State of Karnataka;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c)     the current status of the said proposal?

## ANSWER

MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BHUPENDER YADAV)

(a) to (c) A statement is laid on the table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) TO (c) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *195 REGARDING 'RE-NOTIFICATION OF  BOUNDARIES  OF  SHETTIHALLI  WILDLIFE  AREA'  BY  SHRI  B  Y RAGHAVENDRA FOR REPLY ON 05.08.2024

- (a) to (c) The  Ministry  has  received  a  proposal  to  alter  the  boundaries  of Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary from the Government of Karnataka. The Standing Committee for the National Board for Wildlife (SCNBWL) considered and reviewed the proposal and issued recommendations to be complied with by the State Government.

The compliance to the recommendation of the SCNBWL is yet to be made by the State Government.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 186 (STARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Cess Collected on Crude Oil
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Dr. Thirumaavalavan Tholkappiyan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *186

## TO BE ANSWERED ON MONDAY, AUGUST 05, 2024

## CESS COLLECTED ON CRUDE OIL

## *186.   DR. THIRUMAAVALAVAN THOLKAPPIYAN:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any data of cess collected on crude oil for various purposes during the last five years, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the amount has been spent for the intended purposes, if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and 3
- (c) the details of the measures taken/being taken by the Government to ensure that the cess collected on crude oil is utilized effectively and transparently for the intended purposes?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF FINANCE SHRIMATI NIRMALA SITHARAMAN

(a), (b) and (c): A statement is placed on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  THE  LOK  SABHA  STARRED QUESTION  NO.  186  RAISED  BY  DR.  THIRUMAAVALAVAN  THOLKAPPIYAN FOR 5 th  AUGUST, 2024 ON CESS COLLECTED ON CRUDE OIL.

- (a),(b) & (c): The details of cess collected under Oil Industry (Development) Act, 1974 on crude  oil  and  the  major  expenditure,  excluding  secretariat  expenditure,  made  by  the government for development of oil industry including contribution to strategic oil reserves, subsidies and interest on oil bonds, during the last five years is given as under:

| Year         | Cess Amount collected (in Rs. Crore)   |   Expenditure (in Rs crore) |
|--------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| 2019-20      | 14,062                                 |                       52768 |
| 2020-21      | 10,894                                 |                       52146 |
| 2021-22      | 19,353                                 |                       15886 |
| 2022-23      | 21,497                                 |                       37715 |
| 2023-24 (RE) | 18,500                                 |                       21555 |
| Total        | 84306                                  |                      180070 |

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 184 (STARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Easy Exit of Companies
Ministry: CORPORATE AFFAIRS
Asked by: Shri Balya Mama Suresh Gopinath Mhatre, Smt. Kamaljeet Sehrawat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS

LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *184 ANSWERED ON MONDAY, AUGUST 5, 2024 14 Shravana, 1946 (Saka)

Easy Exit of Companies

## QUESTION

*184 Smt. Kamaljeet Sehrawat: Shri Balya Mama Suresh Gopinath Mhatre:

Will the Minister of CORPORATE AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has formulated any scheme to facilitate easy exit of companies;
- (b)  if  so,  the  salient  features  of  the  scheme  along  with  the  current status thereof; and
- (c)  the  details  of  the  achievements  made  so  far  under  the  said scheme?

## ANSWER

Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs (Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman)

(a) to (c): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  LOK  SABHA  STARRED QUESTION NO. *184 FOR ANSWER ON 05.08.2024.

- (a) to  (c):  In  order  to  ensure  an  easy  exit  process  for  companies seeking  voluntary  exit  u/s  248(2)  of  the  Companies  Act,  2013 and  to  improve  the  ease  of  doing  business,  in  the  Budget Announcement of  2022-23  it  was  envisioned  that  a  Centre  for Processing  Accelerated  Corporate  Exit  (C-PACE)  with  process reengineering, would be established to facilitate and speed up the voluntary corporate exit of companies from 2 years to less than  6  months.    This  was  in  line  with  the  setting  up  of  the Central Registration Centre (CRC) in 2016 under which incorporation of new companies and LLPs has been taken up on a  pan  India  basis  leading  to  an  increase  in  incorporation  from 64,395 companies and 14,682 LLPs during 2014-15 to 1,85,314 companies  and  58,990  LLPs  during  2023-24.    Presently,  the average time is being taken for incorporation of such entities, is 1-3 days.

Accordingly,  the  Ministry  established  C-PACE  vide  notification dated 17 th   March 2023 having pan-India jurisdiction to process applications for voluntary strike off of companies under Section 248(2) of the Companies Act, 2013 centrally so as to benefit the stakeholders by providing a hassle-free filing, timely and processbound  striking  off  their  company's  name  from  the Register. Before the C-PACE was operationalized on 01.05.2023, there were  more  than  10,000  applications for voluntary strike off of companies pending with various Registrars of Companies across the country. After its operationalization,  21372  number  of  companies  have  been struck off/dissolved during the period 01.05.2023 to 22.07.2024. Presently,  only  less  than  2000  such  applications  are  pending with  the  RoC,  C-PACE  at  various  stages  of  processing.  The average  time  taken  for  processing  of  such  applications  has come down to below 90 days.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 182 (STARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Death of Peacocks
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Shri Anil Yeshwant Desai

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 182

TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.08.2024

## Death of Peacocks

- *182. SHRI ANIL YESHWANT DESAI:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether it is a fact that Peacock is our National Bird and recently more than 25 Peacocks have been found dead at Air Force Station, Delhi;
- (b) if so, the reasons therefor; and
- (c) whether the Government has probed this incident and if so, the details of the enquiry and action taken against the people responsible for it?

## ANSWER

MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BHUPENDER YADAV)

- (a) to (c) A statement is laid on the table of the House

*****

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (c) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *182 REGARDING 'DEATH OF PEACOCKS' BY SHRI ANIL YESHWANT DESAI FOR REPLY ON 05.08.2024.

- (a) and (b) The Government of India had notified Peacock as 'National Bird'.  Dayto-day management of field level matters relating to Forest and Wildlife is primarily  the  responsibility  of  State  Governments  and  Union  Territory Administrations.

According to the report received from the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, peacock deaths were reported at the Air Force Station in Delhi. A series of post-mortem examinations and tests were carried out at various centers to determine the exact cause of death. The post-mortem report for one individual case identified heat stroke as the cause of death, while another case revealed that the cause of death was severe congestion and hemorrhage of lungs and internal organs leading to shock or cardiac arrest.

The viscera samples from the deceased birds were sent to the Centre for Wildlife  Conservation,  Management,  and  Disease  Surveillance  at  the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) in Bareilly for examination. The test results were negative for Avian Influenza.

- (c) A team led by the Chief Wild Life Warden of the Government of NCT of Delhi, along with other forest officials, conducted a thorough inspection of the affected areas. It was found that most of the deaths occurred in areas with tarmac or concrete surfaces, which likely contributed to heat strokes in the birds. Measures were taken to provide medicine, food, and water to the birds in the area.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2300 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Modernization of Madarsas in Bihar
Ministry: EDUCATION
Asked by: Dr. Mohammad Jawed

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2300

ANSWERED ON 05/08/2024

## Modernization of Madarsas in Bihar

2300 Dr. Mohammad Jawed:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

(a)  the  number  of  madarsas  that  have  been  modernized  in  Bihar  especially  in  Kishanganj district;

(b) the  total  funds  allocated  and  disbursed  to  madarsas  in  Bihar  especially  in  Kishanganj district; and

(c) the number of teachers trained under modern educational methods in Bihar especially in Kishanganj district?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)

(a)  to  (c)  Based  on  the  information  received  from  the  State  Government  of  Bihar,  the Department of Minority Welfare, Bihar introduced a programme called Talim-i-Naubalighan to  strengthen  the  Government  aided/affiliated  madarsas  of  Bihar.  This  programme  aims  to elevate  the  systems  of  madarsas  to  the  standards  of  other  educational  institutions.  The programme has engaged with 1921 madarsas of Bihar including 336 madarsas of Kishanganj district.

Besides, under the Scheme for Providing Quality Education in Madrasas (SPQEM) implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India, a total of 1127 aided madarsas running in different districts of Bihar including 241 madarsas of Kishanganj district have been provided one set of computer with printer.

A total fund of Rs. 20 crore has been allocated by the Minority Welfare Department, State Government of Bihar for 1921 madarsas of Bihar including 336 madarsas of Kishanganj district.

A total of 3628 teachers and 1832 Principals have been trained under modern Education method in Bihar including 533 teachers and 323 Principals in Kishanganj district.

*********
Lok Sabha Question No. 2299 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Status of Employment
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Shri Tatkare Sunil Dattatrey

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2299 TO BE ANSWERED ON 05 TH  AUGUST, 2024

## STATUS OF EMPLOYMENT

2299.     SHRI TATKARE SUNIL DATTATREY:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the unemployment rate is lowest in the country during the last five years;
- (b) the status of employment in rural areas of the country; and
- (c) the status of employment in urban areas of the country?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)

(a) to (c):  The data on Employment and Unemployment is collected through Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) which is conducted by the Ministry of Statistics  and  Programme  Implementation  (MoSPI)  since  2017-18.  The survey period is July to June every year.

As per the data available in latest Annual PLFS Reports, the estimated Unemployment Rate (UR) on usual status for persons of age 15 years and above was 5.8%, 4.8%, 4.2%, 4.1% and 3.2% during 2018-19, 2019-20, 202021, 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively. The data indicates that the unemployment rate in the country has a declining trend over the years.

Further,  the  estimated  Worker  Population  Ratio  (WPR),  indicating employment, on usual status for persons of age 15 years and above in the rural  and  urban  areas  during  the  years  2018-19  to  2022-23  are  as  follows:

(%)

| Year    |   Rural |   Urban |
|---------|---------|---------|
| 2018-19 |    48.9 |    43.9 |
| 2019-20 |    53.3 |    45.8 |
| 2020-21 |    55.5 |    45.8 |
| 2021-22 |    55.6 |    46.6 |
| 2022-23 |    59.4 |    47.7 |

Source: PLFS

The  data  indicates  that  the  employment  in  the  country  has  an increasing trend over the years.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2294 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Development of Religious Tourism Circuit
Ministry: TOURISM
Asked by: Shri Kodikunnil Suresh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2294

## ANSWERED ON 05.08.2024

## DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM CIRCUIT

## 2294 SHRI KODIKUNNIL SURESH:

Will the Minister of TOURISM be pleased to state:

- (a) the  whether the Government is intending to introduce a religious tourism circuit connecting Chakkulathkavu Temple and the Tomb of St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara;
- (b)
- if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government has received any representation from the State Government of Kerala in this regard; and
- (d)
- if so, the actions taken thereupon?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF TOURISM          (SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT)

(a) to (d): The Ministry of Tourism, through its central sector schemes of  'Pilgrimage  Rejuvenation  and  Spiritual  Heritage  Augmentation  Drive' (PRASHAD) and 'Swadesh Darshan' (SD) supports tourism infrastructure development by providing financial assistance to State Governments and Union  Territory  Administrations.  Under  these  schemes,  infrastructure interventions are carried out in consultation with the State Governments/UTs.  Ministry  of  Tourism,  from  time  to  time  receives representations/proposals  from  various  sources  regarding  development of  infrastructure  under  the  various  schemes  of  this  Ministry  and  these proposals  are  evaluated  as  per  scheme  guidelines  and  established procedures.

Ministry  of  Tourism,  has  no  proposal  under  consideration  for development of the said religious tourism circuit under both PRASHAD and Swadesh Darshan Scheme.

However,  under  PRASHAD  scheme,  the  project  "Development  of Guruvayur Temple" has been sanctioned at a cost of Rs.45.19 crore in Kerala.  Additionally,  five  theme-based  projects  under  the  Swadesh

Darshan Scheme have been sanctioned in Kerala at a combined cost of Rs.312.47  crore.  These  projects  are:  'Development  of  PathanamthittaGavi- Vagamon- Thekkady, 'Development of Sabarimala - Erumeli-PampaSannidhanam', 'Development of Sree Padmanabha Arnamula', 'Development of Malanad Malabar Cruise Tourism Project and 'Development  of  Sivagiri  Sree  Narayana  Guru  Ashram-  ArruvipuramKunnumpara Sree SubrahmaniaChembazhanthi Sree Narayana Gurukulam'. Furthermore, two destinations, Kumarakom and Kozhikode (Beypore),  have  been  identified  for  development  under  the  Swadesh Darshan  2.0  scheme  in  Kerala.  Among  these,  the  project  'Kumarakom Bird  Sanctuary  Experience'  has  been  sanctioned  at  the  destination 'Kumarakom' at a cost of Rs.13.92 crore under the Swadesh Darshan 2.0 Scheme. Additionally, two destinations, 'Varkala' and 'Thalassery,' have been  identified  for  development  in  Kerala  under  the  Challenge  Based Destination Development (CBDD) sub-scheme of Swadesh Darshan 2.0.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 2293 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Development of Archaeological Importance Places
Ministry: CULTURE
Asked by: Shri Ummeda Ram Beniwal

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO-†2293

## TO BE ANSWERED ON - 05/08/2024

## DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE PLACES

## †2293.  SHRI UMMEDA RAM BENIWAL:

Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  any  action  plan  for  the  development  of  places  of archaeological importance in Rajasthan State; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF CULTURE AND TOURISM (SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT)

- (a) Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) takes up conservation and maintenance
- & work  of  protected  monuments  and  sites  including  provision  of  facilities  like
- (b) drinking  water,  toilet  blocks,  pathways  and  landscaping  etc.  throughout  the country, including 163 in the state of Rajasthan. Conservation and maintenance of monuments and archaeological sites is a continuous process and is taken up as per the need of monuments and availability of resources.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2292 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Status of STCs and DPSs
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Shri Pradyut Bordoloi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2292 TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.08.2024

## STATUS OF STCS AND DPSS

## 2292. SHRI PRADYUT BORDOLOI:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)whether  there  are  any  Special  Training  Centres  (STCs)  still  in
- operation and if so, the details thereof;
- (b)the details of STCs and District Project Societies (DPSs) under the National Child Labour Project (NCLP) following the merger of the NCLP with the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan; and
- (c)the details of Government Department or other body to take over the task of uploading information on rescued children on PENCIL Portal, awareness generation, facilitating vocational training and conducting  baseline  surveys  to  identify  child  labour  in  the absence of DPSs?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)

(a) to (c):  The  National  Child  Labour  Project  (NCLP)  scheme  has been subsumed with Samagara Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a Scheme of Ministry of Education with effect from 01.04.2021.  Therefore, as on 31.07.2024,  no  Special  Training  Centre  under  NCLP  scheme  is operational.

The complaints related to child labourer are registered on PENCIL  (Platform  for  Effective  Enforcement  for  No  Child  Labour) portal  which  are  dealt  by  District  Nodal  Officer  of  the  respective district. The data of rescued child labourer is uploaded by the District

Nodal Officer.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2283 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: Surplus Workers
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Thiru Dr. S Jagathratchakan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2283 TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.08.2024

## SURPLUS WORKERS

## 2283. SHRI S JAGATHRATCHAKAN:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)whether it has been brought to the notice of the Government that developed  countries  are  currently  experiencing  a  shortage  of workers;
- (b)if so, the details thereof; and
- (c)the steps taken/proposed to be taken by the Government keeping in mind that the country can leverage this opportunity by sending its surplus young workforce to these countries?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)

(a) to (c): Government  of  India  has  entered  into  various  mobility agreements,  such  as  Labour  Mobility  Agreements,  Labour  Welfare Agreements  and  more  recently  Migration  &  Mobility  Partnership arrangements to facilitate the mobility of skilled workers, students, professionals,  researchers  and  business  people  according  to  the identified  needs  of  the  host  country's  labour  market,  thereby providing employment opportunities for Indian workers and professionals.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2281 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-05
Subject: List of Fauna in the Country
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Dr. Shrikant Eknath Shinde, Shri Naresh Ganpat Mhaske, Shri Praveen Patel

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2281

TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.08.2024

## List of Fauna in the Country

2281.   DR. SHRIKANT EKNATH SHINDE: SHRI PRAVEEN PATEL: SHRI NARESH GANPAT MHASKE:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of expenditure incurred for preparation and publication of the comprehensive list of fauna in the country including the total number of species catalogued;
- (b) the key objectives and significance of creating a complete list of Indian fauna, and the manner in which it contributes to biodiversity conservation efforts;
- (c) the  methodologies and technologies used in compiling the list including collaborations with research institutions and experts;
- (d) the details of impact of having a complete fauna list on policy-making and conservation strategies, supported by relevant examples and case studies; and
- (e) the future plans for maintaining and updating the said list and any initiatives to promote public awareness and involvement in biodiversity conservation?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)

- (a) to (e) : Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) is a  premier research institution on animal taxonomy  in  India  under  the  Ministry  of  Environment,  Forest  and  Climate  Change, Government of India working to promote survey, exploration, research and documentation of fauna in the country. The preparation of comprehensive checklist of fauna of India has been completed by the Scientists of Zoological Survey of India (ZSI). A total of 1,01,369 faunal species have been catalogued up to December, 2023.

India is one of the global mega biodiversity countries with four global biodiversity hotspots within its geographical limits. Towards this goal, ZSI has been publishing details of fauna at various spatial scales (e.g. Protected Areas, RAMASAR sites, States and Union Territories etc.). As part of this ongoing exercise, ZSI recently published faunal diversity of all the ten biogeographic zones of India. Biodiversity documentation at multiple spatial scales are essential for developing strategies and action plans for long term conservation plans.

The  comprehensive  list  of  fauna  of  India  has  been  compiled  by  subject  experts (taxonomists)  after extensive  consultation of published  literature including online databases.

The  published  comprehensive  fauna  list  also  tabulate  State  and  Union  Territory level faunal diversity. With the publication of this list, the statistics on faunal diversity of States  and  Union  Territories  is  updated.  Information  of  endemic,  threatened  species is important  to  set  priorities  for  conservation  of  species  and  habitats  and  is  done  on  a continuous basis, including the future action plans of ZSI.

*****