Lok Sabha Question No. 1077 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-12-02
Subject: Multi-sectoral Intervention in the National Clean Air Programme
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Shri Yaduveer Wadiyar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1077

TO BE ANSWERED ON 02.12.2024

## Multi-sectoral Intervention in the National Clean Air Programme

## 1077.   SHRI YADUVEER WADIYAR:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) the progress made in achieving the targets set by National Clean Air Programme for 20-30% reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by 2024;
- (b) whether Government is aware that the programme is not legally binding with any specified penal action; and
- (c) if so, the details of measures taken to establish a better enforceable mandate for multisectoral intervention in the National Clean Air Programme particularly in the State of Karnataka?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)

(a) to (c) : Government has launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 2019 as a national level  strategy  to  combat  the  increasing  levels  of  air  pollution  in  targeted  130  Non-attainment Cities/ Million Plus Cities across the country through implementation of National, State and City level action plans. NCAP envisages reduction by 20-30% in PM concentration over baseline year 2017  by  2024.  Target  has  been  revised  to  achieve  reduction  in  PM10  level  up  to  40%  or achievement of national standards (60 µg/m3) by 2025-26.

The identification of non-attainment cities was based on PM10 levels. PM2.5, being a subset of PM10, also gets reduced to certain extent with actions aimed at PM10 control. Further, initiatives like BS-VI fuel norms, solid waste management under the Swachh Bharat Mission, and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework for plastic and e-waste contribute to PM2.5 reductions.

CPCB issued directions under Section 31A of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 to 24 States/UTs including Karnataka, for ground level implementation of approved city action plan for 130 non-attainment and million plus cities focused under the programme. Further, MoUs have been signed among the targeted Urban Local Body (ULB), concerned SPCBs and CPCBs in case of 82 non-attainment cities, among targeted ULBs, concerned State Govt., and

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) to implement city action plan and achieve prescribed air pollution reduction targets as part of NCAP.

As per the annual performance assessment carried out for FY 2023-24 under the Programme, 97 cities have achieved reduction in PM10 levels in 2023-24 as compared to levels of 2017-18. 55 cities have achieved reduction of 20% and above in PM10 levels in 2023-24 with respect to the levels of 2017-18. 18 cities have met National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM10 levels in 2023-24. Details of air quality improvement in cities covered under NCAP is enclosed at Annexure I .

NCAP  is  multi-sectoral  initiative  involving  the  coordinated  efforts  of  the  Central  and  State Governments, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), and other stakeholders. It emphasizes source-specific mitigation measures through city, state, and national-level clean air action plans.

In addition to this, NCAP emphasises on implementation of City Action Plans (CAPs) through the convergence  of  resources  from  various  Central  Government  schemes  such  as  Swachh  Bharat Mission (Urban), PM e-bus Sewa, AMRUT, Smart City Mission, SATAT, and Nagar Van Yojana, as  well  as  resources  from  State  Govts./  UT  administration  and  agencies  like  Municipal Corporations and Urban Development authorities.

All cities under NCAP have prepared city action plans to take measures to improve air quality as per the objectives of NCAP. Further, 24 State/UTs have prepared action plan under NCAP. An amount of Rs. 19,614 crore has been allocated to 130 cities till 2025-26 for implementation of city action plans.

The  following  committees  have  been  set  up  at  national,  state  and  city  level  for  periodical coordination, review and monitoring of progress of action plans under NCAP:

- a. National Level
2. (i) Apex Committee
3. (ii) Steering Committee
4. (iii) Monitoring Committee
5. (iv) Implementation Committee
- b. State Level
7. (i) Steering Committee
8. (ii) Implementation Committee
- c. City Level
10. (i) City level Implementation and Monitoring Committee

Further, National Knowledge Network (NKN) has been constituted with a vision to build local technical capacities and create a larger pool of institutes to support activities under the NCAP. Institute  of  Reputes  have  been  assigned  to  cities  for  providing  technical  expertise  to  ULBs  to implement city action plans. Project Management Units (PMUs) have been established to assist ULBs to execute city action plans.

MoEF&CC has launched 'PRANA' a portal for monitoring implementation of NCAP. On this portal,  action  plans  of  cities,  states  and  line  ministries  are  uploaded  and  monitored  for  their implementation status. This portal serves as a platform to track implementation of action plans, physical and financial progress of cities for air quality improvement under NCAP.

For Karnataka, Steering Committee under Chief Secretary and Air Quality Monitoring Committee (AQMC) under Principal Secretary, Environment Dept., City Level Monitoring and Implementation  Committees  for  four  cities  namely  Bengaluru,  Gulburga,  Hubli-Dharwad  and Davanagere,  have  been  constituted  for  effective  implementation  of  NCAP.  An  amount  of  Rs. 597.52 crore has been released to Karnataka State for implementation of city action plans.

Annexure - I

| Improvement in PM10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18             |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S. No.                                                                             | Cities                                                                             | PM10 concentrations in 2017-18 (µg/m3) (Annual Avg.)                               | PM10 concentrations in 2023-24 (µg/m3) (Annual Avg.)                               | Percentage reduction in PM10 concentrations in 2023- 24 with respect to the year 2017-18 (%) |
| 1.                                                                                 | Varanasi                                                                           | 230                                                                                | 73                                                                                 | 68                                                                                           |
| 2.                                                                                 | Bareilly                                                                           | 207                                                                                | 80                                                                                 | 61                                                                                           |
| 3.                                                                                 | Firozabad                                                                          | 247                                                                                | 102                                                                                | 59                                                                                           |
| 4.                                                                                 | Dehradun                                                                           | 250                                                                                | 109                                                                                | 56                                                                                           |
| 5.                                                                                 | Dhanbad                                                                            | 315                                                                                | 138                                                                                | 56                                                                                           |
| 6.                                                                                 | Tuticorin                                                                          | 123                                                                                | 57                                                                                 | 54                                                                                           |
| 7.                                                                                 | Nalagarh                                                                           | 146                                                                                | 68                                                                                 | 53                                                                                           |
| 8.                                                                                 | Moradabad                                                                          | 222                                                                                | 115                                                                                | 48                                                                                           |
| 9.                                                                                 | Khurja                                                                             | 195                                                                                | 104                                                                                | 47                                                                                           |
| 10.                                                                                | Trichy                                                                             | 88                                                                                 | 47                                                                                 | 47                                                                                           |
| 11.                                                                                | Kohima                                                                             | 127                                                                                | 68                                                                                 | 46                                                                                           |
| 12.                                                                                | Lucknow                                                                            | 253                                                                                | 137                                                                                | 46                                                                                           |
| 13.                                                                                | Kanpur                                                                             | 227                                                                                | 125                                                                                | 45                                                                                           |
| 14.                                                                                | Kadapa                                                                             | 75                                                                                 | 42                                                                                 | 44                                                                                           |
| 15.                                                                                | Sivasagar                                                                          | 73                                                                                 | 41                                                                                 | 44                                                                                           |
| 16.                                                                                | Sunder Nagar                                                                       | 78                                                                                 | 44                                                                                 | 44                                                                                           |
| 17.                                                                                | Agra                                                                               | 202                                                                                | 116                                                                                | 43                                                                                           |
| 18.                                                                                | Greater Mumbai                                                                     | 161                                                                                | 94                                                                                 | 42                                                                                           |
| 19.                                                                                | Rishikesh                                                                          | 129                                                                                | 76                                                                                 | 41                                                                                           |
| 20.                                                                                | Parwanoo                                                                           | 66                                                                                 | 39                                                                                 | 41                                                                                           |
| 21.                                                                                | Byrnihat                                                                           | 175                                                                                | 104                                                                                | 41                                                                                           |
| 22.                                                                                | Ahmedabad                                                                          | 164                                                                                | 98                                                                                 | 40                                                                                           |
| 23.                                                                                | Ghaziabad                                                                          | 285                                                                                | 172                                                                                | 40                                                                                           |
| 24.                                                                                | Rajkot                                                                             | 150                                                                                | 92                                                                                 | 39                                                                                           |
| 25.                                                                                | Jalandhar                                                                          | 178                                                                                | 111                                                                                | 38                                                                                           |
| 26.                                                                                | Raebareli                                                                          | 145                                                                                | 91                                                                                 | 37                                                                                           |
| 27.                                                                                | Amritsar                                                                           | 189                                                                                | 119                                                                                | 37                                                                                           |
| 28.                                                                                | Baddi                                                                              | 174                                                                                | 111                                                                                | 36                                                                                           |
| 29.                                                                                | Kolkata                                                                            | 147                                                                                | 94                                                                                 | 36                                                                                           |
| 30.                                                                                | Jammu                                                                              | 157                                                                                | 101                                                                                | 36                                                                                           |
| 31.                                                                                | Silchar                                                                            | 49                                                                                 | 32                                                                                 | 35                                                                                           |

|   32. | Jodhpur          | 189   |   124 |   34 |
|-------|------------------|-------|-------|------|
|    33 | Vijayawada       | 91    |    61 |   33 |
|    34 | Naya Nangal      | 87    |    59 |   32 |
|    35 | Dimapur          | 142   |    97 |   32 |
|    36 | Khanna           | 142   |   100 |   30 |
|    37 | Durgapur         | 150   |   106 |   29 |
|    38 | Kurnool          | 79    |    56 |   29 |
|    39 | Dera Baba Nanak  | 79    |    56 |   29 |
|    40 | Vadodara         | 133   |    95 |   29 |
|    41 | Allahabad        | 169   |   124 |   27 |
|    42 | Asansol          | 147   |   108 |   27 |
|    43 | Srinagar         | 132** |    96 |   27 |
|    44 | Hyderabad        | 110   |    81 |   26 |
|    45 | Gorakhpur        | 150   |   111 |   26 |
|    46 | Ananthpur        | 78    |    59 |   24 |
|    47 | Ranchi           | 141   |   107 |   24 |
|    48 | Bengaluru        | 92    |    70 |   24 |
|    49 | Akola            | 111   |    85 |   23 |
|    50 | Durg Bhilainagar | 86    |    68 |   21 |
|    51 | Surat            | 130   |   103 |   21 |
|    52 | Noida            | 229   |   182 |   21 |
|    53 | Howrah           | 139   |   111 |   20 |
|    54 | Thane            | 138   |   111 |   20 |
|    55 | Latur            | 82    |    66 |   20 |
|    56 | Nellore          | 64    |    52 |   19 |
|    57 | Gajraula         | 204   |   167 |   18 |
|    58 | Faridabad        | 229** |   190 |   17 |
|    59 | Alwar            | 152   |   127 |   16 |
|    60 | Chittur          | 70    |    59 |   16 |
|    61 | Kala Amb         | 118   |   100 |   15 |
|    62 | Mandi Gobindgarh | 148   |   126 |   15 |
|    63 | Amravati         | 102   |    87 |   15 |
|    64 | Patiala          | 106   |    91 |   14 |
|    65 | Jaipur           | 172   |   148 |   14 |
|    66 | Ongole           | 65    |    56 |   14 |
|    67 | Delhi            | 241   |   208 |   14 |
|    68 | Chandrapur       | 118   |   102 |   14 |
|    69 | Nashik           | 82    |    72 |   12 |
|    70 | Jhansi           | 109   |    96 |   12 |

|   71. | Sangli        |   87 |   77 |   11 |
|-------|---------------|------|------|------|
|    72 | Devanagere    |   74 |   66 |   11 |
|    73 | Kota          |  139 |  124 |   11 |
|    74 | Rajahmundry   |   85 |   76 |   11 |
|    75 | Hubli-Dharwad |   79 |   71 |   10 |
|    76 | Jabalpur      |  101 |   91 |   10 |
|    77 | Ujjain        |   93 |   84 |   10 |
|    78 | Guntur        |   66 |   61 |    8 |
|    79 | Kalinga Nagar |  109 |  101 |    7 |
|    80 | Meerut        |  159 |  149 |    6 |
|    81 | Nagpur        |  100 |   94 |    6 |
|    82 | Eluru         |   72 |   68 |    6 |
|    83 | Madurai       |   72 |   68 |    6 |
|    84 | Damtal        |   55 |   52 |    5 |
|    85 | Haldia        |   92 |   87 |    5 |
|    86 | Anpara        |  175 |  166 |    5 |
|    87 | Badlapur      |  160 |  152 |    5 |
|    88 | Udaipur       |  127 |  121 |    5 |
|    89 | Sangareddy    |   85 |   81 |    5 |
|    90 | Chennai       |   66 |   63 |    5 |
|    91 | Ludhiana      |  168 |  161 |    4 |
|    92 | Pune          |  102 |   98 |    4 |
|    93 | Jamshedpur    |  135 |  130 |    4 |
|    94 | Kolhapur      |   89 |   86 |    3 |
|    95 | Ulhasnagar    |  153 |  149 |    3 |
|    96 | Srikakulam    |   69 |   68 |    1 |
|    97 | Kashipur      |   99 |   98 |    1 |
|    98 | Talcher       |  113 |  113 |    0 |
|    99 | Nalgonda      |   59 |   59 |    0 |
|   100 | Bhopal        |  112 |  113 |   -1 |
|   101 | Sagar         |   73 |   74 |   -1 |
|   102 | Vizianagaram  |   72 |   73 |   -1 |
|   103 | Chandigarh    |  114 |  116 |   -2 |
|   104 | Gulbarga      |   55 |   56 |   -2 |
|   105 | Jalna         |   99 |  102 |   -3 |
|   106 | Patna         |  172 |  178 |   -3 |
|   107 | Korba         |   57 |   59 |   -4 |
|   108 | Paonta Sahib  |   84 |   90 |   -7 |
|   109 | Gwalior       |  126 |  136 |   -8 |
|   110 | Raipur        |   70 |   76 |   -9 |
|   111 | Navi Mumbai   |   88 |   98 |  -11 |

|   112. | Rourkela      |   99 |   111 |   -12 |
|--------|---------------|------|-------|-------|
|    113 | Muzaffarpur   |  147 |   168 |   -14 |
|    114 | Barrackpore   |   86 |    99 |   -15 |
|    115 | Guwahati      |  103 |   119 |   -16 |
|    116 | Dera Bassi    |   88 |   102 |   -16 |
|    117 | Solapur       |   81 |    96 |   -19 |
|    118 | Dewas         |   83 |    99 |   -19 |
|    119 | Indore        |   82 |    99 |   -21 |
|    120 | Vasai Virar   |   99 |   125 |   -26 |
|    121 | Nagaon        |   82 |   107 |   -30 |
|    122 | Aurangabad    |   75 |    98 |   -31 |
|    123 | Gaya          |   79 |   104 |   -32 |
|    124 | Bhubaneswar   |   85 |   114 |   -34 |
|    125 | Jalgaon       |   70 |    97 |   -39 |
|    126 | Cuttack       |   93 |   129 |   -39 |
|    127 | Nalbari       |   87 |   127 |   -46 |
|    128 | Balasore      |   84 |   124 |   -48 |
|    129 | Visakhapatnam |   76 |   120 |   -58 |
|    130 | Angul         |   97 |   167 |   -72 |

- ** PM10 levels in the FY 2017-18 for Faridabad and Srinagar are not available. PM10 levels of FY 2020-21 for Faridabad and PM10 levels of FY 2018-19 for Srinagar have been considered as a baseline.
* Patancheru non-attainment city has been merged with Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration and accordingly revised number of cities covered under NCAP is 130.