Lok Sabha Question No. 2597 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-03-17
Subject: Domestic and International Climate Finance
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Shri Mahesh Kashyap

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2597

TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2025

## Domestic and International Climate Finance

## 2597.   SHRI MAHESH KASHYAP:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the manner in which domestic and international climate finance is used to achieve the results outlined in the Fourth Biennial Update Report (BUR); and
- (b) the details of the sectors Contributing the most to GHG (Green House Gases) reductions and the specific policies or initiatives that have driven this performance?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)

(a) India is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). To fulfil its reporting obligations under the UNFCCC, India periodically submits its National Communications and Biennial Update Reports (BURs) to the UNFCCC on a periodic basis. These reports inter-alia, include information on international finance, technology, and capacitybuilding support needed and received by India for climate action.

The latest report i.e Fourth Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December 2024 to the UNFCCC contains details of the development finance associated with projects approved by  multilateral  channels  in  the  calendar  years  2021  and  2022  across  all  sectors.  It  covers multilateral climate funds such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF); and multilateral development banks (MDBs) such as Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).

(b)  As per the BUR-4, India's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in 2020 were 2,958 million tonnes  of  carbon  dioxide  equivalent  without  Land  Use,  Land  Use  Change  and  Forestry (LULUCF). The energy sector contributed the most to overall emissions, 75.66 percent, followed by the agriculture sector with 13.72 percent, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) with 8.06 percent, and Waste with 2.56 percent. The LULUCF sector remained a net sink removing 22 percent of the country's carbon dioxide emissions.

It is pertinent to note that climate change is a global collective action problem mainly precipitated by excessive historical and current emissions of the developed countries. India's share of historical cumulative emissions from 1850 to 2019 amount to less than 4 percent of global cumulative carbon dioxide emissions despite being home to more than 17% of the world's population. India is an emerging economy where Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are set to increase, albeit from a low base, in pursuit of its development and poverty eradication goals. India's responsibility for global warming thus has been minimal; even today, its annual per capita emissions are only about one-third of the global average. Despite this, India is committed to addressing climate change with firm adherence to multilateralism and based on the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), as enshrined in the UNFCCC.

The government is combating climate change through several programs and schemes. This includes the implementation of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), which comprises missions in specific areas of solar energy, energy efficiency, water, agriculture, the  Himalayan  ecosystem,  sustainable  habitat,  green  India,  strategic  knowledge  on  climate change,  and  human  health.  The  NAPCC  provides  an  overarching  framework  for  all  climate actions.  Thirty-four  States/Union  Territories  (UTs)  have  prepared  their  State  Action  Plan  on Climate Change (SAPCC) in line with NAPCC, considering the state-specific issues relating to climate change. These SAPCCs outline sector-specific and cross-sectoral priority actions.

India  submitted  its  first  Nationally  Determined  Contribution  (NDC)  under  the  Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC in 2015 and updated its first NDC in August 2022. As per the updated NDC, India has an enhanced target to reduce emissions intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030 from 2005 level and achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. The other targets are to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by  2030;  propagate  sustainable  lifestyles  through  a  mass  movement  of  'LIFE'  (Lifestyle  for Environment) as a key to combating climate change; to better adapt to climate change; adopt climate friendly and cleaner development path; mobilize domestic, new and additional funds and capacity building.

Further,  at  the  26 th Conference  of  Parties  to  the  UNFCCC  in  November  2021,  India announced its target to achieve net zero by 2070. In pursuance thereof, India formulated and submitted its Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS) to the UNFCCC in November 2022, which reaffirms the goal of reaching net-zero by 2070. These include i) lowcarbon development of electricity systems consistent with development, ii) develop an integrated, efficient and inclusive transport system, iii) promote adaptation in urban design, energy  and  material  efficiency  in  buildings,  and  sustainable  urbanisation,  iv)  promoting economy-wide decoupling of growth from emissions and development of an efficient, innovative low  emission  industrial  system,  v)  development  of  carbon  dioxide  removal  and  related engineering solutions, vi) enhancing forest and vegetation cover consistent with socio-economic and ecological considerations and vii) economic and financial needs of low-carbon development.

India  has  been  at  the  forefront  of  global  climate  action,  actively  participating  in  and leading various international initiatives to combat climate change which inter-alia include Global

Biofuels Alliance, International Solar Alliance, One Sun One World One Grid, Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, Infrastructure for Resilient Island States, Leadership Group for Industry Transition, and Mission Innovation.

Additionally, several initiatives have been taken up for climate change mitigation in the power,  industry,  transport,  agriculture,  residential  and  buildings,  waste,  water,  and  forestry sectors  which  inter-alia  include  Deen  Dayal  Upadhyaya  Gram  Jyoti  Yojana,  Unnat  Jyoti  by Affordable  LEDs  for  All,  PM  -  Surya  Ghar:  Muft  Bijli  Yojana,  National  Green  Hydrogen Mission;  Perform,  Achieve  and  Trade,  Corporate  Average  Fuel  Economy;  Ethanol  Blended Petrol Programme;  Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban  Transformation, Energy Conservation  Building  Code,    Pradhan  Mantri  Ujjwala  Yojana;  Compensatory  Afforestation Fund  and  Compensatory  Afforestation  Management  and  Planning  Authority,    National Afforestation Programme,  Nagar Van Yojana; Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam, Jal Jeevan Mission, etc.

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