Lok Sabha Question No. 2683 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-12-16
Subject: Status and Performance of Special Economic Zones
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: Shri Appalanaidu Kalisetti, Dr. Byreddy Shabari

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2683 ANSWERED ON 16/12/2025

## STATUS AND PERFORMANCE OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

## 2683. SHRI APPALANAIDU KALISETTI: DR. BYREDDY SHABARI:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री ) be pleased to state:

- (a) the  total  number  of  SEZs  in  the  country,  including  the  number  of  formally approved, notified, operational and non-operational SEZs, State-wise;
- (b) the  details  of  land  allocated  versus  land  utilised,  approved  versus  actual investments,  approved  versus  actual  employment  and export  targets  versus actual exports from SEZs over the past five years, State-wise;
- (c) the number of SEZs that have remained non-operational or under-utilised (less than  50%  capacity  utilisation)  for  more  than  five  years  and  whether  the Government has conducted any formal review or assessment of the reasons for such under performance;
- (d) whether the Government proposes to revamp, repurpose or denotify underperforming  SEZs  to  align  with  emerging  sectors  such  as  electronics, renewable  energy,  semiconductors  and  green  manufacturing  and  if  so,  the details thereof; and
- (e) the timeline for implementation of such policy reforms, including the proposed amendments to the SEZ Act, 2005 or other enabling legislation?

## ANSWER

वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्रालय में राज्यमंत्री (श्री णिणिन प्रसाद) THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (SHRI JITIN PRASADA)

- (a) The State/Union Territory (UT)-wise details of the number of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) formally approved, notified, operational and non-operational are at Annexure-I.
- (b)  The  State/UT-wise  and  year-wise  details  of  land  area  notified,  land  area  utilised, investment, employment and exports from SEZs during the last five years are at AnnexureII.

(c) The Zone-wise number of SEZs that have remained non-operational or under-utilized for more than five years is at Annexure-III .

The time taken in operationalizing the SEZs could be due to several reasons including time taken for getting approvals from the Statutory/State Government bodies, adverse business climate due to shifts in global economic scenario, changes in fiscal incentives, etc. Under the  overall  supervision  of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  the  office  of  the  respective Development Commissioners review the status of all SEZs under their jurisdictions and engage  with  the  concerned  State  Governments  and  Developers  on  a  regular  basis  to provide necessary facilitation, as and when required.

(d)  &  (e) With  a  view  to  ensure  the  effectiveness of  the  SEZs  and their alignment with emerging  sectors,  the  Government  undertakes  various  measures  from  time  to  time  to remove operational challenges in SEZs in consultation with different stakeholders. Such measures or reforms including policy initiatives are a continuous process and inherent in the administration of SEZs. So far as de-notification is concerned, it is undertaken as per the extant provisions under the SEZ Act and Rules.

## Annexure-I as mentioned in Part (a) in answer to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2683 for 16 th  December, 2025

| States/UTs        |   Formally Approved |   Total Notified SEZs |   Total Operational SEZs |   Non-Operational SEZs |
|-------------------|---------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------|------------------------|
| Andhra Pradesh    |                  35 |                    30 |                       25 |                      5 |
| Arunachal Pradesh |                   1 |                     1 |                        0 |                      1 |
| Bihar             |                   2 |                     2 |                        0 |                      2 |
| Chandigarh        |                   2 |                     2 |                        2 |                      0 |
| Chhattisgarh      |                   3 |                     2 |                        1 |                      1 |
| Delhi             |                   2 |                     0 |                        0 |                      0 |
| Goa               |                   7 |                     3 |                        0 |                      3 |
| Gujarat           |                  31 |                    27 |                       22 |                      5 |
| Haryana           |                  25 |                    22 |                        8 |                     14 |
| Jharkhand         |                   2 |                     2 |                        1 |                      1 |
| Karnataka         |                  61 |                    50 |                       38 |                     12 |
| Kerala            |                  24 |                    20 |                       19 |                      1 |
| Madhya Pradesh    |                  13 |                     8 |                        6 |                      2 |
| Maharashtra       |                  47 |                    41 |                       36 |                      5 |
| Manipur           |                   1 |                     1 |                        0 |                      1 |
| Nagaland          |                   2 |                     2 |                        0 |                      2 |
| Odisha            |                   7 |                     5 |                        5 |                      0 |
| Puducherry        |                   1 |                     0 |                        0 |                      0 |
| Punjab            |                   5 |                     3 |                        3 |                      0 |
| Rajasthan         |                   7 |                     6 |                        3 |                      3 |
| Sikkim            |                   1 |                     0 |                        0 |                      0 |
| Tamil Nadu        |                  60 |                    58 |                       49 |                      9 |
| Telangana         |                  58 |                    53 |                       37 |                     16 |
| Tripura           |                   1 |                     1 |                        0 |                      1 |
| Uttar Pradesh     |                  26 |                    23 |                       14 |                      9 |
| West Bengal       |                  10 |                     8 |                        7 |                      1 |
| Grand Total       |                 434 |                   370 |                      276 |                     94 |

| State/UT-wise details of land area notified and utilized during last five years (in Hectare)   | State/UT-wise details of land area notified and utilized during last five years (in Hectare)   | State/UT-wise details of land area notified and utilized during last five years (in Hectare)   |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| States/UTs                                                                                     | Total Notified Area                                                                            | Total operational SEZ Area                                                                     |
| Andhra Pradesh                                                                                 | 167.12                                                                                         | 0.00                                                                                           |
| Bihar                                                                                          | 101.782                                                                                        | 0.000                                                                                          |
| Haryana                                                                                        | 59.94                                                                                          | 0.00                                                                                           |
| Karnataka                                                                                      | 8.02                                                                                           | 4.99                                                                                           |
| Maharashtra                                                                                    | 53.41                                                                                          | 2.10                                                                                           |
| Tamil Nadu                                                                                     | 282.32                                                                                         | 42.04                                                                                          |
| Telangana                                                                                      | 89.41                                                                                          | 28.92                                                                                          |
| Total                                                                                          | 762.00                                                                                         | 78.04                                                                                          |

| Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5 years   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (₹ in Crore)                                                                            | (₹ in Crore)                                                                            | (₹ in Crore)                                                                            | (₹ in Crore)                                                                            | (₹ in Crore)                                                                            | (₹ in Crore)                                                                            | (₹ in Crore)                                                                            |
| S. No.                                                                                  | State                                                                                   | 2020-21                                                                                 | 2021-22                                                                                 | 2022-23                                                                                 | 2023-24                                                                                 | 2024-25                                                                                 |
| 1                                                                                       | Andhra Pradesh                                                                          | 28112                                                                                   | 31029                                                                                   | 40420                                                                                   | 44984                                                                                   | 55247                                                                                   |
| 2                                                                                       | Chandigarh                                                                              | 2575                                                                                    | 2605                                                                                    | 3022                                                                                    | 3200                                                                                    | 3085                                                                                    |
| 3                                                                                       | Chhattisgarh                                                                            | 0                                                                                       | 0                                                                                       | 0                                                                                       | 0                                                                                       | 0                                                                                       |
| 4                                                                                       | Gujarat                                                                                 | 137229                                                                                  | 239190                                                                                  | 335836                                                                                  | 310283                                                                                  | 332892                                                                                  |
| 5                                                                                       | Haryana                                                                                 | 25030                                                                                   | 25907                                                                                   | 32740                                                                                   | 36774                                                                                   | 43199                                                                                   |
| 6                                                                                       | Jharkhand                                                                               | 0                                                                                       | 0                                                                                       | 364                                                                                     | 6326                                                                                    | 6856                                                                                    |
| 7                                                                                       | Karnataka                                                                               | 132110                                                                                  | 167311                                                                                  | 218773                                                                                  | 228952                                                                                  | 248839                                                                                  |
| 8                                                                                       | Kerala                                                                                  | 19279                                                                                   | 21972                                                                                   | 21501                                                                                   | 25774                                                                                   | 28800                                                                                   |
| 9                                                                                       | Madhya Pradesh                                                                          | 11176                                                                                   | 12571                                                                                   | 12859                                                                                   | 16027                                                                                   | 14847                                                                                   |
| 10                                                                                      | Maharashtra                                                                             | 138789                                                                                  | 160052                                                                                  | 186787                                                                                  | 210756                                                                                  | 224251                                                                                  |
| 11                                                                                      | Odisha                                                                                  | 13454                                                                                   | 26367                                                                                   | 27166                                                                                   | 31332                                                                                   | 29695                                                                                   |
| 12                                                                                      | Punjab                                                                                  | 1845                                                                                    | 2127                                                                                    | 2685                                                                                    | 3132                                                                                    | 2361                                                                                    |
| 13                                                                                      | Rajasthan                                                                               | 3534                                                                                    | 4578                                                                                    | 5507                                                                                    | 7141                                                                                    | 13636                                                                                   |

| 14   | Tamil Nadu    |   116844 |   136329 |   172580 |   177930 |   203304 |
|------|---------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| 15   | Telangana     |    84696 |   105524 |   140373 |   178086 |   173701 |
| 16   | Uttar Pradesh |    26580 |    33015 |    39836 |    47704 |    51138 |
| 17   | West Bengal   |    18272 |    22169 |    23129 |    26817 |    31820 |
|      | Total         |   759524 |   990747 |  1263578 |  1355220 |  1463669 |

| Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years   |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (₹ in Crore)                                                                        | (₹ in Crore)                                                                        | (₹ in Crore)                                                                        | (₹ in Crore)                                                                        | (₹ in Crore)                                                                        | (₹ in Crore)                                                                        | (₹ in Crore)                                                                        |
| S. No.                                                                              | States/UTs                                                                          | 2020-21                                                                             | 2021-22                                                                             | 2022-23                                                                             | 2023-24                                                                             | 2024-25                                                                             |
| 1                                                                                   | Andhra Pradesh                                                                      | 31174                                                                               | 39470                                                                               | 41738                                                                               | 42363                                                                               | 42742                                                                               |
| 2                                                                                   | Chandigarh                                                                          | 398                                                                                 | 438                                                                                 | 552                                                                                 | 513                                                                                 | 530                                                                                 |
| 3                                                                                   | Chhattisgarh                                                                        | 1635                                                                                | 1635                                                                                | 1635                                                                                | 1635                                                                                | 1635                                                                                |
| 4                                                                                   | Goa                                                                                 | 297                                                                                 | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   |
| 5                                                                                   | Gujarat                                                                             | 208067                                                                              | 219565                                                                              | 223398                                                                              | 209204                                                                              | 265120                                                                              |
| 6                                                                                   | Haryana                                                                             | 14319                                                                               | 14287                                                                               | 14616                                                                               | 15579                                                                               | 16858                                                                               |
| 7                                                                                   | Jharkhand                                                                           | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 13622                                                                               | 13676                                                                               |
| 8                                                                                   | Karnataka                                                                           | 104489                                                                              | 105911                                                                              | 106650                                                                              | 107159                                                                              | 108776                                                                              |
| 9                                                                                   | Kerala                                                                              | 17034                                                                               | 17192                                                                               | 17984                                                                               | 18020                                                                               | 18020                                                                               |
| 10                                                                                  | Madhya Pradesh                                                                      | 7291                                                                                | 7350                                                                                | 7612                                                                                | 7658                                                                                | 7724                                                                                |
| 11                                                                                  | Maharashtra                                                                         | 72235                                                                               | 75571                                                                               | 79718                                                                               | 88520                                                                               | 90301                                                                               |
| 12                                                                                  | Odisha                                                                              | 20434                                                                               | 20444                                                                               | 20444                                                                               | 20444                                                                               | 22829                                                                               |
| 13                                                                                  | Punjab                                                                              | 940                                                                                 | 961                                                                                 | 983                                                                                 | 1022                                                                                | 662                                                                                 |
| 14                                                                                  | Rajasthan                                                                           | 2315                                                                                | 2505                                                                                | 2611                                                                                | 2899                                                                                | 2978                                                                                |
| 15                                                                                  | Tamil Nadu                                                                          | 66157                                                                               | 64903                                                                               | 54908                                                                               | 77439                                                                               | 72041                                                                               |
| 16                                                                                  | Telangana                                                                           | 42658                                                                               | 48100                                                                               | 52610                                                                               | 60540                                                                               | 76587                                                                               |
| 17                                                                                  | Uttar Pradesh                                                                       | 22105                                                                               | 24408                                                                               | 27759                                                                               | 33760                                                                               | 34191                                                                               |
| 18                                                                                  | West Bengal                                                                         | 5951                                                                                | 6966                                                                                | 6966                                                                                | 6966                                                                                | 7521                                                                                |
| Total                                                                               | Total                                                                               | 617499                                                                              | 649705                                                                              | 660184                                                                              | 707342                                                                              | 782192                                                                              |

Note: Calculated on cumulative basis .

| Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   | Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years   |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (In No. of person)                                                                  | (In No. of person)                                                                  | (In No. of person)                                                                  | (In No. of person)                                                                  | (In No. of person)                                                                  | (In No. of person)                                                                  | (In No. of person)                                                                  |
| Sl. No.                                                                             | States/UTs                                                                          | 2020-21                                                                             | 2021-22                                                                             | 2022-23                                                                             | 2023-24                                                                             | 2024-25                                                                             |
| 1                                                                                   | Andhra Pradesh                                                                      | 70121                                                                               | 75907                                                                               | 78866                                                                               | 79831                                                                               | 79523                                                                               |
| 2                                                                                   | Chandigarh                                                                          | 7883                                                                                | 8972                                                                                | 10784                                                                               | 9475                                                                                | 8562                                                                                |
| 3                                                                                   | Chhattisgarh                                                                        | 6                                                                                   | 6                                                                                   | 6                                                                                   | 6                                                                                   | 6                                                                                   |
| 4                                                                                   | Goa                                                                                 | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   |
| 5                                                                                   | Gujarat                                                                             | 96689                                                                               | 105922                                                                              | 112899                                                                              | 126658                                                                              | 174545                                                                              |
| 6                                                                                   | Haryana                                                                             | 135092                                                                              | 150482                                                                              | 178413                                                                              | 182783                                                                              | 198668                                                                              |
| 7                                                                                   | Jharkhand                                                                           | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 0                                                                                   | 79                                                                                  | 69                                                                                  |
| 8                                                                                   | Karnataka                                                                           | 374890                                                                              | 398580                                                                              | 401232                                                                              | 424497                                                                              | 424715                                                                              |
| 9                                                                                   | Kerala                                                                              | 79294                                                                               | 82640                                                                               | 86484                                                                               | 89189                                                                               | 89106                                                                               |
| 10                                                                                  | Madhya Pradesh                                                                      | 27354                                                                               | 31127                                                                               | 36401                                                                               | 35955                                                                               | 35316                                                                               |
| 11                                                                                  | Maharashtra                                                                         | 474690                                                                              | 560052                                                                              | 589971                                                                              | 635373                                                                              | 643898                                                                              |
| 12                                                                                  | Odisha                                                                              | 8261                                                                                | 8222                                                                                | 13538                                                                               | 14513                                                                               | 13133                                                                               |
| 13                                                                                  | Punjab                                                                              | 8187                                                                                | 9545                                                                                | 12079                                                                               | 11216                                                                               | 11801                                                                               |
| 14                                                                                  | Rajasthan                                                                           | 22341                                                                               | 23402                                                                               | 24581                                                                               | 35469                                                                               | 48886                                                                               |
| 15                                                                                  | Tamil Nadu                                                                          | 479674                                                                              | 523807                                                                              | 591517                                                                              | 728493                                                                              | 607812                                                                              |
| 16                                                                                  | Telangana                                                                           | 362797                                                                              | 469781                                                                              | 500415                                                                              | 538714                                                                              | 527246                                                                              |
| 17                                                                                  | Uttar Pradesh                                                                       | 137480                                                                              | 161712                                                                              | 184871                                                                              | 196662                                                                              | 223306                                                                              |
| 18                                                                                  | West Bengal                                                                         | 73377                                                                               | 86023                                                                               | 73555                                                                               | 85191                                                                               | 91301                                                                               |
| Total                                                                               | Total                                                                               | 2358136                                                                             | 2696180                                                                             | 2895612                                                                             | 3194104                                                                             | 3177893                                                                             |

Note: Calculated on cumulative basis

.

## Annexure-III as mentioned in Part (c) in answer to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2683  for 16 th  December, 2025

| S. No.   | Name of the Zonal SEZs                                       |   Number of non-operational or under-utilised* SEZs for more than 5 years |
|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1.       | Cochin SEZ (CSEZ)                                            |                                                                        15 |
| 2.       | Falta SEZ (FSEZ)                                             |                                                                         3 |
| 3.       | Kandla SEZ (KASEZ)                                           |                                                                         9 |
| 4.       | Madras Export Processing Zone SEZ (MEPZ SEZ)                 |                                                                        21 |
| 5.       | Noida SEZ (NSEZ)                                             |                                                                        31 |
| 6.       | Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone SEZ (SEEPZ SEZ) |                                                                         9 |
| 7.       | Visakhapatnam SEZ (VSEZ)                                     |                                                                        34 |
| Total    | Total                                                        |                                                                       122 |

* Less than 50% of land utilisation in the SEZ.

*****