opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 322 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: 5G Technology Services
Ministry: COMMUNICATION
Asked by: Shri Y S Avinash Reddy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 322 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27 TH  NOVEMBER, 2024

## 5G TECHNOLOGY SERVICES

## 322 SHRI Y S AVINASH REDDY:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether 5G technology has been launched in all the districts of the country including that of the State of Andhra Pradesh;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the advantages arising out of 5G technology services;
- (c) if not, the steps being taken by the Government to ensure the same; and
- (d) the total area covered under this project in the State of Andhra Pradesh?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (DR. PEMMASANI CHANDRA SEKHAR)

(a) & (b) 5G services have been launched in all the districts of State of Andhra Pradesh. Further, 5G networks have been rolled out in all States/ UTs across the country and presently 5G services are available in more than 770 districts in the country. More than 4.6 lakh 5G Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) have been installed as on 31 st  Oct 2024, including 18,730 BTSs in Andhra Pradesh.

Advantages of 5G services include higher peak data rates, lower latency and higher spectrum efficiency over the previous 4G Mobile Technology.

(c) & (d) Government has taken several initiatives for proliferation of 5G services, which, inter alia, include the following:

- i. Assignment of sufficient spectrum for mobile services through auction.
- ii. Series of financial reforms resulting in rationalization of Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR), Bank Guarantees (BGs), interest rates and penalties.
- iii. Spectrum sharing, trading and surrender has been permitted for efficient use of spectrum.
- iv. Simplification  of  Procedure  for  SACFA  (Standing  Advisory  Committee  on  Radio Frequency Allocations) clearance.
- v. Notification of Telecommunications (Right of Way) Rules and launch of PM GatiShakti Sanchar portal has resulted in streamlining of RoW permissions and expeditious clearance for installation of telecom infrastructure.
- vi. Provision has been made in RoW Rules for time-bound permission for usage of street furniture for installation of small cells and telecommunication line.

Around 18,730 5G BTSs have been installed in the State of Andhra Pradesh as on 31 st  Oct 2024. The range of 5G cell coverage is determined by number of factors including the frequency band being deployed, geographical terrain conditions, radiation power and population density of the area. Further, it is estimated that more than 90% of population in the State of Andhra Pradesh is covered by 5G mobile services.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 321 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: K. Rail Project in Kerala
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri Hibi Eden

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 321

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024

## K. RAIL PROJECT IN KERALA

## 321  SHRI HIBI EDEN:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)    whether the Government is actively considering the feasibility of the K Rail project in Kerala, as indicated by the repeated directives to the  Southern  Railway  to  engage  with  the  KRDC,  if  so,  the  details thereof;
- (b)  whether  the  Government  has  assessed  the  techno-economic feasibility and availability of resources for the said Project, if so, the details thereof;
- (c)  whether the Railway Board has directed the Southern Railway to conduct discussions with the KRDCL  in order to advance the implementation of the said project, if so, the details thereof;
- (d)  whether  the  communications  from  the  Railway  Board  to  the Southern  Railway  signify  that  the  Government  has  not  completely ruled out the proposal for the said project in Kerala; and
- (e)    if  so,  the  details  of  the  factors  being  considered in the  decisionmaking  process  for  sanctioning  the  project  and  if  not,  the  reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

- (a) to (e): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

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STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (e)  OF UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO. 321 BY SHRI HIBI EDEN TO BE ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  27.11.2024  REGARDING  K.  RAIL PROJECT IN KERALA (a)  to  (e):  Silver  Line  from  Thiruvananthapuram  to  Kasaragod in Kerala has  been  identified  by  Kerala  Rail  Development  Corporation  Limited (KRDCL), a Joint Venture company of State Government of Kerala (51%) and  Ministry  of  Railways  (49%)  for  development.    After  survey,  KRDCL has submitted Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the Project.  There are many deficiencies in the DPR.  Therefore, KRDCL has been advised by Southern Railway to address those deficiencies and prepare revised DPR as per the latest technical standards such as adoption of Broad Gauge, Integration  with  existing  IR  network  at  suitable  points,  flatter  ruling KAVACH, Electrification  with  2x25  kv,  Proper  drainage  scheme  for  yards  and sections,  addressing  environmental  concerns  during  construction  and gradient, Speed potential of 160 Kmph, provision of operation etc.  The project is not yet sanctioned.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 318 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Status of BSNL Towers
Ministry: COMMUNICATION
Asked by: Shri B Y Raghavendra

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 318 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27 TH  NOVEMBER, 2024

## STATUS OF BSNL TOWERS

## 318 SHRI B Y RAGHAVENDRA:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATION be pleased to state:

(a) the number of BSNL towers sanctioned for the Shimoga district in Karnataka, which are installed and currently functional;

(b) the total number of sanctioned towers vis-a-vis those remain incomplete and the projected timeline for their completion;

- (c) the details regarding different stages of incomplete towers: and
- (d) the specific measures that are being undertaken to expedite the installation of the remaining towers?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (DR. PEMMASANI CHANDRA SEKHAR)

(a) to (d) In  Shimoga  district  of  Karnataka,  134  mobile  towers  are  sanctioned  under  4G Saturation Scheme. As of now, 49 towers are installed out of which, 11 towers are providing services. In addition, 227 sites are planned for upgradation to 4G, out of which, 119 sites are installed and 87 sites are on Air.

Land allocation by the State Government is among the major reasons for pendency. BSNL keeps close co-ordination with the State Government for the same.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 317 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Patratu Next Generation Freight Maintenance Yard
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri Dulu Mahato

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 317

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024

## PATRATU NEXT GENERATION FREIGHT MAINTENANCE YARD

317.  SHRI DULU MAHATO:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)    whether  the  Government  has  approved  the  establishment  of  the Patratu  Next  Generation  Freight  Maintenance  Yard  and  if  so,  the details thereof;
- (b)  the current status and estimated cost of the said project;
- (c)  the key features and technological advancements planned for the said project;
- (d)  whether  the  new  freight  maintenance  yard  proposes  to  enhance freight operations and capacity in the region, if so, the details thereof;
- (e) whether any new infrastructure, equipment or facilities are planned as part of the project and if so, the details thereof; and
- (f)  whether the project has not been approved or initiated, and if so, the reasons for delay or non-initiation in this regard?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (f)  To  improve safety  in  train  operations,  improve operational

efficiency,  reduce  wagon  turnaround  time  etc., Indian Railways  has taken several steps including upgradation / augmentation / improvement of its freight maintenance facilities. During the last five years, works costing about ₹ 7000 Crore have been taken up for this initiative.

It  is  planned  to  upgrade/augment/improve  the  freight  maintenance facility at Patratu. Preparation of DPR for this project has been taken up. Some of key features of the project are as under:

-  Provision of covered shed.
-  State of the art maintenance and material handling facilities.
-  Wayside wagon diagnostic and monitoring systems.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 313 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Removal of Member from Rajasthan Public Service Commission
Ministry: PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS
Asked by: Dr. Manna Lal Rawat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL & TRAINING)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 313

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024)

## REMOVAL OF MEMBER FROM RAJASTHAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

## †313. DR. MANNA LAL RAWAT:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) whether it is a fact that the constitutional right to remove members of the Rajasthan Public Service Commission lies with the Union Government and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the Government has received any proposal for removal of any members in Rajasthan Public Service Commission recruitment scam; and
- (c) if so, the details of the case including disqualification?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a): Constitutional right to remove members of Rajasthan Public Service Commission lies with the President under Article 317 of Constitution of India.
- (b) & (c): The proposals for removal of Members in Public Service Commission, received by the President, are processed under the provisions contained in Article 317(1) and 317(3). A proposal received from Government of Rajasthan in September, 2023, in this regard, has been processed in accordance with the aforementioned provisions.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 310 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Nuclear Power Production Capacity
Ministry: ATOMIC ENERGY
Asked by: Adv. Adoor Prakash

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- 310 ANSWERED ON 27/11/2024

## NUCLEAR POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY

## 310.    ADV. ADOOR PRAKASH

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:-

- (a) the country's total nuclear power production capacity as of November 2024, including the total installed capacity;
- (b) the manner in which the Government plans to overcome the challenges encountered in the  construction  and  commissioning  of  new  nuclear  reactors,  especially  like  land acquisition;
- (c) the details of measures taken by the Government to address safety concerns associated with the expansion of nuclear power plants in the country; and
- (d) the steps taken by the Government to promote indigenous technol nuclear sector?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES & PENSIONS AND PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) As of November-2024, the country's total installed nuclear power capacity is 8180 MW, comprising of 24 nuclear power reactors.
- (b) NPCIL  is  working  closely  with  state  governments  to  expedite  land  acquisition, finalisation and implementation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) packages for the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and expeditious resolution of issues related with land acquisition and R&R.  In addition, taking up pre-project activities in advance, advance procurement  of  long  manufacturing  cycle  equipment  and  implementation  of  multipronged public awareness programme to allay the concerns of different sections of the public have been taken up to overcome the challenges.
- (c) Highest priority is accorded to safety in all aspects of nuclear power viz. siting, design, construction, commissioning and operation. Nuclear power plants are designed adopting safety principles of redundancy, diversity and provide fail-safe design features following a  defense-in-depth  approach.  The  operations  are  performed  adopting  well  laid  out procedures by highly qualified, trained and licensed personnel.

A  multi-tier  safety  review  mechanism  within  Nuclear  Power  Corporation  of  India Limited (NPCIL) by the regulatory authority (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board- AERB) is  in  place.  Based  on  these  reviews  and  operating  experience  feedback,  necessary upgrades are carried out and the nuclear power plants are maintained at state-of-the art terms of safety.

- (d) The Government sanctioned 10 indigenous 700 MW reactors to be implemented in fleet mode to promote indigenous nuclear power technologies. Further the Government in this year's budget announced partnering with the private sector for setting up Bharat Small Reactors  and  Research  &  development  of  Bharat  Small  Modular  Reactor  and  newer technologies for nuclear energy

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 309 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Allocation of Funds for Development of North Eastern Region
Ministry: DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH EASTERN REGION
Asked by: Smt. Geniben Nagaji Thakor

## Government of India

## Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.309

To be answered on

Wednesday, November 27, 2024/Agrahayana 6, 1946 (Saka)

## QUESTION Allocation of Funds for Development of North Eastern Region

## 309.  Smt. Geniben Nagaji Thakor:

Will  the  Minister  of  DEVELOPMENT  OF  NORTH  EASTERN  REGION  be pleased to State:

- a)  the details of steps being taken by the Government for the development of North Eastern Region; and
- b)  the funds allocated in this regard during the last five years?

## ANSWER

## The Minister of State of the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region [Dr. Sukanta Majumdar]

(a)  and  (b)  It  is  mandatory  for  all  the  non-exempt  Union  Ministries/Department  to earmark 10% of their annual Gross Budgetary Allocation towards development of the North Eastern Region (NER). As per available information, the earmarking of funds for NER and provisional expenditure for last five years is as under:

## (Rs. in Crores)

| Financial Year   | Budget Estimate   | Revised Estimate   | Actual Expenditure   |   %Actual Expenditure to RE |
|------------------|-------------------|--------------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|
| 2019-20          | 59,370            | 53,374             | 48,534               |                        90.9 |
| 2020-21          | 60,112            | 51,271             | 48,564               |                        94.7 |
| 2021-22          | 68,020            | 68,440             | 70,874               |                       103.6 |
| 2022-23          | 76,040            | 72,540             | 82,691               |                       113.9 |
| 2023-24          | 94,680            | 91,802             | 1,02,749             |                       111.9 |
| Total            | 3,58,222          | 3,37,427           | 3,53,412             |                       104.7 |

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 306 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Construction of ROBs and RUBs in the Country
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Smt. Poonamben Hematbhai Maadam

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION  NO. 306

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024

## CONSTRUCTION OF ROBS AND RUBS IN THE COUNTRY

306. SMT. POONAMBEN HEMATBHAI MAADAM:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  pace  of  construction  of  Road  Over  Bridges  (ROBs)  and Road Under Bridges (RUBs) has increased during the last ten years;
- (b)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  whether  the  construction  of  these  ROBs and RUBs significantly enhanced safety and mobility; and
- (c) the details of the total number of ROBs and RUBs for which target for construction  has  been  set  in  the  country  and  the  details  of  amount sanctioned and spent thereon?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a)  to  (c):    Sanctioning  of  works  of  Road  over  Bridge  (ROB)/Road  under Bridge (RUB) in lieu of Level crossings (LCs) is a continuous and dynamic process of Indian Railway. Such works are prioritised and taken up on the basis of its impact on safety in train operations, mobility of trains & impact for road users and feasibility etc.

No.  of  ROBs/RUBs constructed on Indian Railways during the period 2004-14 vis a vis 2014-24 is as under:

| Period   | ROBs/RUBs constructed     |
|----------|---------------------------|
| 2004-14  | 4148                      |
| 2014-24  | 11945 (about three times) |

As  on  01.04.2024,  3999  no.  ROBs/RUBs  are  sanctioned  at  cost  of ₹ 91,043 cr. on Indian Railways which are at various stages of planning and execution. During  the  current  year 2024-25,    (up to  Oct.  2024),  451  Nos. ROBs/RUBs  have  been  constructed  on  Indian  Railways. ₹ 3644  crores have been spent on ROB/RUB works during current year upto Oct 24.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 305 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Y - Railway Track
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Dr. Alok Kumar Suman

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 305 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024

## Y-RAILWAY TRACK

- 305 DR. ALOK KUMAR SUMAN:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether,  it  is  a  fact  that  Gopalganj-Thawe  junction  has  a proposed Y-railway track, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether, it is a fact that the work for Y-railway track of Thawe junction  had  been  started  and  left  without  completion,  if  so, the details along with the amount spent for said purpose; and
- (c) the details about the proposed/sanctioned Y-railway track near Thawe junction?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (c): Bypass line (1.1 km) at Thawe junction connecting Gopalganj  and  Sasamusa  railway  stations  has  been  sanctioned  at  a cost of ₹9.89 cr. The work has been taken up and so far an expenditure of ₹53 lakh has been incurred.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 304 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Construction of Subway in Tiruchirappalli District
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri Durai Vaiko

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION  NO. 304 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024

## CONSTRUCTION OF SUBWAY IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT

## 304. SHRI DURAI VAIKO:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) the details and target dates of construction of subways proposed to  be  constructed  by  the  Government  in  Tiruchirappalli  district, location-wise;
- (b) whether the Government proposes to construct a subway of width and  height  7.5*4.5  metres  in  M.K.  Kottai  (via  Ponmalai  Railway Colony) near Manjathidal Railway Station Kambi  Gate area, in Tiruchirappalli district, if so, the details thereof; and
- (c)  whether  the  Government  has  agreed  to  construct  the  subway  of width  and  height  4.5*3.5  metres  and  the  said  measurement  causes huge inconvenience to the public, if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

- (a) to (c): Sanctioning of works of Road over Bridge (ROB)/Road under Bridge  (RUB)  in  lieu  of  Level  crossings  (LCs)  is  a  continuous  and dynamic process of Indian Railway.

As on 01.04.24, there are 240 Nos. sanctioned works of Road Over Bridges (ROBs) / Road Under Bridges (RUBs) at cost of ₹ 5108 Cr in the state of Tamil Nadu which includes 18 Nos. ROBs/RUBs (14 Nos. RUBs and  04  Nos.  ROBs)    in  Tiruchirappalli  district.    Out  of  these  18  Nos.

ROBs/RUBs, 07 Nos. of RUBs have been completed. The remaining 11 Nos.  ROBs/RUBs  are  at  various  stages  of  planning  /  estimation  / execution  which  includes  RUB  (5.50  m  x3.66  m)  at  M.K.  Kottai  near Manjathidal Railway Station Kambi Gate area. Completion  &  commissioning  of  ROB/RUB  works  depends  on various  factors  like  cooperation  of   State  Governments  in  giving consent  for  closure  of  LC,   fixing  of  approach  alignment,  approval  of General  Arrangement  Drawing  (GAD),  land  acquisition,  removal  of encroachment, shifting of infringing utilities, statutory clearances from various  authorities,   law  and  order  situation  in  the  area  of  project  / work  sites,   duration  of  working  season  in  a  year  for  the  particular project / area  due to climatic conditions etc.  All these factors affect the completion time of the projects / works.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 303 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-11-27
Subject: Legislation to Tackle Misuse of AI
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Shri Raja A

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 303

TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.11.2024

## LEGISLATION TO TACKLE MISUSE OF AI

## 303. SHRI RAJA A:

Will the Minister of ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is proposing to bring any legislation to tackle the growing and blatant misuse of Artificial Intelligence leading to fake news, rumours and creating confusion in the minds of general public; and
- (b)  if so, the details thereof and if not, the other measures proposed to deal with this issue?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI JITIN PRASADA)

(a) and (b):  Government of India is committed to ensure that internet in India is free from any unlawful content including fake news. The Information Technology Act, 2000 ('IT Act') and  the  rules  therein  has  created  a  legal  framework  designed  to  protect  the  internet  from unlawful content.

Accordingly, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, in exercise of the powers given under the  IT  Act,  has  notified  the  Information  Technology  (Intermediary  Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 ('IT Rules, 2021').

The IT Rules, 2021 cast specific legal obligations on intermediaries, including social media intermediaries  and  platforms,  to  take  expeditious  action  towards  removal  of  the  unlawful information.  For  this  purpose,  unlawful  information  comprises  prohibited  misinformation, patently false information, untrue or misleading in nature.

An  intermediary is required to expeditiously take down  any information including information generated using AI that falls within the categories mentioned in Rule 3(1)(b) of the IT Rules, 2021, within the timelines prescribed under Rule 3(2) of the IT Rules, 2021.

In case of failure of the intermediaries to observe the legal obligations as provided in the IT Rules, 2021, they lose their safe harbour protection under section 79 of the IT Act and shall be liable for consequential action or prosecution as provided under any extant law.

Further,  to  address  the  emerging  harms  in  the  cyberspace  like  misinformation,  deepfakes powered  by  AI,  MeitY  has  conducted  multiple  consultations  with  industry  stakeholders/ social  media  platforms  and  issued  an  advisory  dated  26.12.2023  and  subsequently  issued another advisory on 15.03.2024, through which the intermediaries were reminded about their due-diligence  obligations  outlined  under  the  Rule  3(1)(b)  of  the  Information  Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules, 2021) and advised on countering unlawful content including malicious 'synthetic media' and 'deepfakes'.

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