Lok Sabha Question No. 71 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-07-20
Subject: Discharge of Sewage Water into Rivers
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Ajay Kumar Mandal, Rama Devi, Locket Chatterjee, Sunil Kumar Pintu, Navneet Ravi Rana

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI

## DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 71

ANSWERED ON 20.07.2023

## DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE WATER INTO RIVERS

†71.   SHRI AJAY KUMAR MANDAL

SHRIMATI RAMA DEVI

MS. LOCKET CHATTERJEE

SHRI SUNIL KUMAR PINTU

SHRIMATI NAVNEET RAVI RANA

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a) whether the norms permit sewage water to be discharged into rivers only after treatment;

(b) if so, the details of the States following such norms/Rules;

(c) the funds allocated for the cleaning of rivers and installation of water treatment plants during the last five years and the current year along with the utilisation report thereof, year-wise and State-wise;

(d)  whether  it  is  also  a  fact  that  dirty  water  is  being  discharged  into  Yamuna  and  Ganga  rivers  without treatment even today;

(e)  if  so,  the  details  of  the  districts  where  dirty  water  is  being  discharged  without  treatment  even  today, State-wise;

(f) the action taken by the Government in this regard; and

(g)  the  details  of  the  funds  allocated  and  spent  for  National  Mission  for  Clean  Ganga  (NMCG)  and renovation of ghats under Namami Gange Programme?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI

## ( SHRI BISHWESWAR TUDU )

(a)  &  (b) Government of India enacted The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and various provisions under The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for protection of water bodies. Central & State  Pollution  Control  Boards  are  implementing  the  provisions  of  these  Acts   to  prevent  and  control pollution of aquatic resources. The provisions of The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 are being implemented by the SPCBs/PCCs by consent management to regulate discharge of effluents and enforcement of standards in respect of polluting sources.

Government  of  India  has  stipulated  General  discharge  standards  and  industry  specific  effluent  discharge standards  under  Environment  (Protection)  Rules,  1986  with  an  aim  to  prevent  pollution  in  the  water bodies. General  discharge  standards  for  sewage  treatment  plants  (STPs)  have  also  been  notified  vide notification  dated  -  13.10.2017  by  Ministry  of  Environment,  Forest  and  Climate Change,  Government  of India.

These norms and standards are applicable for all States/UTs.

(c) River cleaning is a continuous process and the Central Government assists the State Governments and urban  local  bodies  through  various  schemes  viz.  'Namami  Gange'  and  National  River  Conservation  Plan (NRCP)  of  Ministry  of  Jal  Shakti  as  well  as  Atal  Mission  for  Rejuvenation  and  Urban  Transformation (AMRUT), SBM (Urban) of Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs

Namami Gange Programme was launched in 2014-15 for a period up to 31 st March, 2021 to rejuvenate River Ganga and its tributaries. The programme was subsequently extended up to 31 st March, 2026.

The details of budgetary provisions, funds released by Government of India to National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) and funds released/disbursed by NMCG to State Governments, State Missions for Clean Ganga (SMCGs) and other agencies for implementation of projects under the programme during each of the last five years and in the current year (till 30 June 2023) are as under:-

| F.Y.      | Budget Provisions (RE)   | Funds released by Government of India to NMCG   | Released/ Expenditure by NMCG*   |
|-----------|--------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
|           | (Rupees in crore)        | (Rupees in crore)                               | (Rupees in crore)                |
| 2018-19   | 2,370.00                 | 2,307.50                                        | 2,626.54                         |
| 2019-20   | 1,553.40                 | 1,553.40                                        | 2,673.09                         |
| 2020-21   | 1,300.00                 | 1,300.00                                        | 1,339.97                         |
| 2021-22   | 1900.00                  | 1,900.00                                        | 1,900.00                         |
| 2022-23   | 2,500.00                 | 2,220.00                                        | 2,258.98                         |
| 2023-24** | 4,000.00^                | 1,180.00                                        | 605.71**                         |
| Total     | 13,623.40                | 10,460.90                                       | 11,404.29                        |

(* includes expenditure incurred from the grants-in-aid carried forward from previous years)

(** till 30 June 2023) (^ Budget Estimate)

The  funds  released  by  National  Mission  for  Clean  Ganga  to  various  agencies  for  the  implementation  of various   interventions  including  of  installation  of  water  treatment  plants   and  expenditure  reported  by  the State Missions for Clean Ganga for construction of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) under Namami Gange Programme is attached as Annexure-I .

Details of State-wise and year-wise funds released to the State Governments/Union Territories during last three years, including current year, under NRCP (excluding river Ganga and its tributaries)

(Rs. in crore)

| Sl.   | State/UT         | River            | Funds Released   | Funds Released   | Funds Released   | Funds Released   | Funds Released   |
|-------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|
| No.   |                  |                  | 2018-19          | 2019-20          | 2020- 21         | 2021-22          | 2022-23          |
| A     | Budget Estimates | Budget Estimates | 150.50           | 153.00           | 100.00           | 217.68           | 450.00           |

| 1.    | Andhra Pradesh   | Godavari                 |   0 |      0 |     0 |        0 |   13.26 |
|-------|------------------|--------------------------|-----|--------|-------|----------|---------|
| 2.    | Gujarat          | Sabarmati, Mindola &Tapi |  63 |  96.89 | 27.26 | 117.45   | 208.63  |
| 3.    | Jammu& Kashmir   | Devika &Tawi             |  30 |   0    | 20    |  20      |  24.665 |
| 4.    | Mahrashtra       | Mula Mutha               |   0 |   0    |  0    |   0      | 113     |
| 5.    | Manipur          | Nambul                   |   3 |  15    | 20    |  20      |  15     |
| 6.    | Sikkim           | Rani Chu                 |  42 |  10    | 20    |  23.6785 |  58.428 |
| 7.    | Nagaland         | Diphu&Dhansiri           |   5 |  10    |  5.13 |  14.87   |   0     |
| Total | Total            |                          | 143 | 131.89 | 92.39 | 195.999  | 432.983 |

Under Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban (SBM-U) 2.0, launched on 01.10.2021, funds are released to the States/Union  Territories(UTs).  For  setting  up  of  Sewage  Treatment  Plants(STPs)/  STP-cum-FSTP,  only Urban  Local  Bodies  (ULBs)  with  population  less  than  1  Lakh  are  eligible  for  funding  under  UWM component of SBM-U 2.0. The quantum of funds has been released under UWM component of SBM-U 2.0 is Annexure-II .

Under  AMRUT,  858  Sewerage  and  Septage  Management  projects  worth  Rs.34,162  crore  grounded including  594  completed  projects  worth  Rs.14,952  crore.  Through  these  projects  3,342  MLD  Sewage treatment plant capacity developed and another 2,607 MLD Sewage treatment plant capacity is in progress.

Under AMRUT 2.0 so far, 501 Sewerage and Septage Management projects worth Rs.44,943 crore have been approved for creation of  3,591 MLD STP capacity by MoHUA.

(d) & (e): CPCB has estimated sewage generation of 3558 MLD from the 110 ganga front towns in 5 Ganga Basin States (Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal). With the interventions taken up under Namami Gange programme, at present the total treatment capacity along the towns located along main stem of river Ganga increased to 2570 MLD.  In addition, approximately 910 MLD sewage is treated through East Kolkata Wetland. Apart from the above, projects for developing 1105 MLD STP capacity in the towns along river Ganga main stem have been taken up which are at different stages of implementation.

The state wise breakup of the STP Capacity in MLD is as under:

|   Sl | State         |   Sewage Generation |   STP Capacity Created |   STP Capacity under Construction |
|------|---------------|---------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|    1 | Uttarakhand   |               239.8 |                 232.03 |                              12.8 |
|    2 | Uttar Pradesh |              1255.2 |                1348.61 |                             325.6 |
|    3 | Bihar         |               480   |                 344.5  |                             356.5 |
|    4 | Jharkhand     |                12   |                  15.5  |                               0   |
|    5 | West Bengal   |              1571.5 |                 629.14 |                             410   |
|    6 | Total         |              3558.5 |                2569.78 |                            1104.9 |

The sewerage districts where sewage is currently outflowing into river Ganga currently and STP works are in progress include Tehri Garhwal, Farrukhabad, Unnao, Mirzapur, Ghazipur, Ballia, Buxar, Chapra, Patna, Hajipur, Begusarai, Lakhi Sarai, Munger, Bhagalpur, Howrah, Kolkata, Murshidabad, South 24 Pargana, and

North 24 Pargana. The sewage treatment plants in the towns in these districts shall be completed by their schedule.

With the new habitations developing and expansion of the cities / towns, continued efforts to provide water supply  to  all  public,  the  sewage  generation  sources  kept  increasing  continuously.  Even  though  major interventions  for  treatment  of  sewage  have  been  taken  some  minor  discharges  of  the  sewage  is  still happening into river Ganga in the districts of Tehri Garhwal, Kanpur, Prayagraj, & Varanasi.

Status of STPs and capacity utilized in river Yamuna basin states/ UT:

| As per MPRs submitted by SPCBs/ PCC)           | Sewage generated (MLD)         | No of STPs (& treatment capacity)   | No of STPs under construction/ tendering (& treatment capacity)   |   Capacity utilization (MLD) | Gap in treatment capacity (MLD)    |
|------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| Uttarakhand (March, 2023) (entire State)       | 329.32 (Urban), 225.18 (Rural) | 69 (427.905 MLD)                    | 0                                                                 |                      235.822 | 126.59 *                           |
| Himachal Pradesh (March, 2023) (entire State)  | 120.95                         | 75 (122.103 MLD)                    | 52 (94.4 MLD)                                                     |                       83.26  | 1.153* (Excess treatment capacity) |
| Haryana (April, 2023) (River Yamuna catchment) | 1098                           | 59 (1075.2 MLD)                     | 18 (475.5 MLD)                                                    |                     1039     | 22.8*                              |
| Delhi (April, 2023) (entire State)             | 3491                           | 35 (2874 MLD)                       | 5 (476.7 MLD)                                                     |                     2485.74  | 618                                |
| Uttar Pradesh (April, 2023) (entire State)     | 5500                           | 122 (3860 MLD)                      | 26 (641.6 MLD)                                                    |                     2986     | 1640                               |

*excess treatment capacity created.

(f): Action taken by the Government for pollution abatement of river Ganga is as follows:

Under Namami Gange Programme, a comprehensive set of interventions such as wastewater treatment, solid waste  management,  river  front  management  (ghats  and  crematoria  development),  e-flow,  afforestation, biodiversity conservation and Public Participation etc. have been taken up for rejuvenation of river Ganga and its tributaries. So far, a total of 442 projects have been taken up at an estimated cost of Rs. 37,395.51 Crore, out of which 254 projects have been completed and made operational. Majority of the projects pertain to creation of sewage infrastructure as the untreated domestic/industrial wastewater is the main reason for pollution in the river. 193 sewerage infrastructure projects have been taken up with a cost of Rs. 30,387.24 crore  for creation  & rehabilitation of 6,029.75 Million Litres per Day (MLD) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) capacity and laying of around 5,250.98 km sewerage network.  Among these, 106 sewerage projects have been completed resulting in creation & rehabilitation of 2664.05 MLD of STP capacity and laying of 4436.26 km sewerage network.

Stringent  monitoring  and  regulation  of  industries  and  pollution  sources  is  undertaken  to  assess  the compliance status of Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs) for enforcing regulatory framework on the polluting industries.  Stringent  action  is  taken  by  Central  Pollution  Control  Board  (CPCB)/State  Pollution  Control Boards (SPCBs)/ Pollution Control Committees against the GPIs discharging into main stem of Ganga River & its tributaries which are non-complying with respect to the prescribed norms.

Industry  specific  effluent/emission  standards  are  notified  under  Schedule-I:  'Standards  for  Emission  or Discharge of Environmental Pollutants from various Industries' of Environment Protection Act, 1986. State Pollution Control Boards and Pollution Control Committees in States and Union Territories, respectively are adhered to ensure the compliance of these standards. So far, 47 industry specific effluent standards and 63 industry specific emission standards have been notified.

On the directions of NGT in respect of the 351 polluted river stretches, State Governments have constituted River  Rejuvenation  Committees,  for  preparation  of  Action  Plans  for  restoration  of  the  identified  polluted river stretches.  The same were approved by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for implementation by the States. The implementation of these Action Plans are monitored regularly by Chief Secretaries at State Level and on monthly /bimonthly basis by Central Monitoring Committee under Chairmanship of Secretary, DoWR,RD&GR, Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Further, the identification and assessment of quality and quantity of major drains joining river Ganga and its tributaries, establishment/upgradation of Wastewater Treatment Plants for the towns located on Ganga main stem and its tributaries, performance evaluation of those wastewater treatment plants are undertaken.

Directions are issued by CPCB for proper management of sewage time to time. National Mission for Clean Ganga  (NMCG)  is  also  engaged  in  monitoring  of  Wastewater  treatment  plants  located  on  the  bank  of river Ganga  and  its tributaries  and  appropriate  directions  are  issued  regarding  the  compliance  and functioning of Wastewater Treatment Plants.

(g): From  the  Financial  Year  2014-15  onwards  till  30 th June,  2023,  Government  of  India  has  released Rs.15,517.02  crore,  out  of  which,  Rs.14,865.70  crore  has  been  expended/released  under  various  projects under Namami Gange Programme. This includes amount of Rs.910.50 crore expended for construction of ghats and crematoria  from FY 2014-15 to 31 st March, 2023.

*****

## ANNEXURE-I

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (c) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 71 TO BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  20.07.2023  REGARDING  '  DISCHARGE  OF  SEWAGE WATER INTO RIVERS'.

(As on 30 June 2023) (Rs. in crore)

| State            | Releases/Disbursement by National Mission for Clean Ganga   | Releases/Disbursement by National Mission for Clean Ganga   | Releases/Disbursement by National Mission for Clean Ganga   | Releases/Disbursement by National Mission for Clean Ganga   | Releases/Disbursement by National Mission for Clean Ganga   | Releases/Disbursement by National Mission for Clean Ganga   | Total Releases from FY 2018-19 till 30 June 2023   |
|------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
|                  | 2018-19                                                     | 2019-20                                                     | 2020-21                                                     | 2021-22                                                     | 2022-23                                                     | 2023-24                                                     |                                                    |
| Uttarakhand      | 328.94                                                      | 128.20                                                      | 124.82                                                      | 148.46                                                      | 102.54                                                      | 23.10                                                       | 856.06                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh    | 823.77                                                      | 870.76                                                      | 472.46                                                      | 442.57                                                      | 722.31                                                      | 160.18                                                      | 3,492.05                                           |
| Bihar            | 673.03                                                      | 1,185.17                                                    | 194.43                                                      | 250.96                                                      | 724.95                                                      | 199.59                                                      | 3,228.13                                           |
| Jharkhand        | 86.73                                                       | 30.50                                                       | 28.03                                                       | 14.31                                                       | 3.19                                                        | 31.83                                                       | 194.59                                             |
| West Bengal      | 227.62                                                      | 70.60                                                       | 105.06                                                      | 134.44                                                      | 250.13                                                      | 27.00                                                       | 814.85                                             |
| Madhya Pradesh   | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           |                                                             | -                                                  |
| Delhi            | 310.69                                                      | 214.47                                                      | 235.00                                                      | 405.00                                                      | 30.19                                                       | 100.00                                                      | 1,295.35                                           |
| Haryana          | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                           | -                                                  |
| Rajasthan        | 1.25                                                        | -                                                           | -                                                           | 50.00                                                       | -                                                           |                                                             | 51.25                                              |
| Himachal Pradesh | -                                                           | -                                                           | 1.25                                                        | 2.50                                                        | -                                                           |                                                             | 3.75                                               |
| Total            | 2,452.03                                                    | 2,499.70                                                    | 1,161.05                                                    | 1,448.24                                                    | 1,833.31                                                    | 541.70                                                      | 9,936.03                                           |

******

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (c) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 71 TO BE  ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 20.07.2023  REGARDING '  DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE WATER INTO RIVERS'.

## SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (URBAN) 2.0 - FINANCIAL PROGRESS - FIGURES ARE IN CRORE

| S.No.   | State/UT                           | Mission    | Funds released   | Funds released   | Funds released   | Funds released   |
|---------|------------------------------------|------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|
|         |                                    | Allocation | 2021-22          | 2022-23          | 2023-24          | Total            |
| 1       | A&N Islands                        | 0.00       | 0.02             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.02             |
| 2       | Andhra Pradesh                     | 694.10     | 2.20             | 150.00           | 0.00             | 152.20           |
| 3       | Arunachal Pradesh                  | 79.30      | 0.56             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.56             |
| 4       | Assam                              | 315.70     | 1.92             | 41.00            | 0.00             | 42.92            |
| 5       | Bihar                              | 666.50     | 2.86             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 2.86             |
| 6       | Chandigarh                         | 0.00       | 0.02             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.02             |
| 7       | Chhattisgarh                       | 414.60     | 3.38             | 162.46           | 0.00             | 165.84           |
| 8       | Dadra &Nagar Haveli and Daman &Diu | 23.10      | 0.06             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.06             |
| 9       | Delhi                              | 0.00       | 0.20             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.20             |
| 10      | Goa                                | 56.90      | 0.28             | 2.87             | 0.00             | 3.15             |
| 11      | Gujarat                            | 806.90     | 3.30             | 0.00             | 10.15            | 13.45            |
| 12      | Haryana                            | 284.40     | 1.86             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 1.86             |
| 13      | Himachal Pradesh                   | 101.00     | 1.22             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 1.22             |
| 14      | Jammu &Kashmir                     | 226.40     | 3.20             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 3.20             |
| 15      | Jharkhand                          | 236.80     | 0.84             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.84             |
| 16      | Karnataka                          | 1128.60    | 5.74             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 5.74             |
| 17      | Kerala                             | 521.70     | 1.88             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 1.88             |
| 18      | Ladakh                             | 34.10      | 0.14             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.14             |
| 19      | Madhya Pradesh                     | 1229.50    | 8.24             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 8.24             |
| 20      | Maharashtra                        | 1484.80    | 8.04             | 19.56            | 0.00             | 27.60            |
| 21      | Manipur                            | 58.70      | 0.54             | 4.85             | 0.00             | 5.39             |
| 22      | Meghalaya                          | 40.80      | 0.20             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.20             |
| 23      | Mizoram                            | 48.10      | 0.46             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.46             |
| 24      | Nagaland                           | 60.30      | 0.78             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.78             |
| 25      | Odisha                             | 491.00     | 2.28             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 2.28             |
| 26      | Puducherry                         | 25.50      | 0.20             | 7.96             | 0.00             | 8.16             |
| 27      | Punjab                             | 589.00     | 3.32             | 87.42            | 0.00             | 90.74            |
| 28      | Rajasthan                          | 916.10     | 3.96             | 35.90            | 0.00             | 39.86            |
| 29      | Sikkim                             | 9.80       | 0.14             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.14             |
| 30      | Tamil Nadu                         | 1999.70    | 13.32            | 326.75           | 0.00             | 340.07           |
| 31      | Telangana                          | 463.10     | 2.82             | 182.42           | 0.00             | 185.24           |
| 32      | Tripura                            | 48.40      | 0.40             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 0.40             |
| 33      | Uttar Pradesh                      | 2117.20    | 14.48            | 0.00             | 0.00             | 14.48            |
| 34      | Uttarakhand                        | 203.00     | 2.02             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 2.02             |
| 35      | West Bengal                        | 507.90     | 2.56             | 0.00             | 0.00             | 2.56             |
|         | Total                              | 15883.00   | 93.44            | 1021.19          | 10.15            | 1124.78          |