Lok Sabha Question No. 3259 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-08-08
Subject: Challenges in Chemicals and Fertilizers Sector
Ministry: CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS
Asked by: Shri Zia Ur Rehman

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS DEPARTMENT OF FERTILIZERS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3259 TO BE ANSWERED ON : 08.08.2025 Challenges in Chemicals and Fertilizers Sector

## 3259.  SHRI ZIA UR REHMAN:

Will the Minister of CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  is  aware  of  the  challenges  being  faced  in  the chemicals and fertilizers sector, particularly high input costs, dependency on imports for  critical  raw  materials,  delay  in  modernization  of  fertilizer  plants, inadequate  availability  of  fertilizers  in  certain  regions,  and  environmental concerns related to chemical manufacturing and fertilizer usage;
- (b) if so, the steps being taken by the Government to promote self-reliance in the sector,  ensure  timely  and  affordable  availability  of  fertilizers  to  farmers, encourage domestic production, reduce import dependency, support modernization and green technologies in chemical industries, and improve the regulatory framework through various schemes and policy initiatives such as the Atmanirbhar Bharat programme and PM-PRANAM scheme; and
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS (SMT. ANUPRIYA PATEL)

(a) to (c): Urea is provided to the farmers at a statutorily notified Maximum Retail Price (MRP) of Rs. 242 per 45 Kg bag (exclusive of charges towards neem coating and taxes as applicable). The difference between the delivered cost of urea at farm gate and net market realization by the urea units is given as subsidy to the urea manufacturer/importer by the Government of India.

Further, the Government has announced New Investment Policy (NIP) - 2012 on 2nd January, 2013 and its amendment on 7 th  October, 2014 to facilitate fresh investment in

the urea sector and to make India self-sufficient in the urea sector. Total 6 new urea units have been set up under NIP-2012 which includes 4 urea units set up through Joint Venture Companies (JVC) of nominated PSUs and 2 urea units set up by the private companies. The units set up through JVC are Ramagundam urea unit of Ramagundam Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd (RFCL) in Telangana and 3 urea units namely Gorakhpur, Sindri and Barauni of Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Limited (HURL) in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar, respectively.  The  units  set  up  by  private  companies  are  Panagarh  urea  unit  of  Matix Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd. (Matix) in West Bengal; and Gadepan-III urea unit of Chambal Fertilizers  and  Chemicals  Ltd.  (CFCL)  in  Rajasthan.  Each  of  these  units  has  installed capacity of 12.7 Lakh Metric Tonne per annum (LMTPA). These new urea plants have been established with latest technology designed for much lower energy consumption, around 5.0 Gcal/MT.  Therefore,  these  units  have  together  added  urea  production  capacity  of  76.2 LMTPA, thereby total indigenous urea production capacity (Reassessed Capacity, RAC) has increased from 207.54 LMTPA during 2014-15 to 283.74 LMTPA during 2023-24. Further, an exclusive policy for the revival of Talcher unit of FCIL through JVC of nominated PSUs namely Talcher Fertilizers Limited (TFL) by setting up a new Greenfield urea plant of 12.7 LMTPA at coal  gasification  route  has  also  been  approved.  Recently,  the  Union  Cabinet has approved the proposal for setting up of a new Brownfield Ammonia-Urea Complex of 12.7  Lakh  Metric  Tonnes  (LMT)  annual  capacity  of  Urea  production  within  the  existing premises of Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited (BVFCL), Namrup, Assam.

In addition, the Government has also notified the New Urea Policy (NUP) - 2015 on 25 th   May,  2015  for  the  existing  25  gas-based  urea  units  with  one  of  the  objectives  of maximizing indigenous urea production beyond RAC.  The NUP-2015 has led to additional production  of  urea  by  20-25  LMT  as  compared  to  the  production  during  2014-15 annually. Also,  under  New Urea Policy  (NUP) - 2015, Target Energy Norms (TEN) were given to the urea units. The urea units were expected to achieve TEN for which the units have resorted to the latest technological up-gradation in the plants. Implementation of NUP2015 norms has resulted in improving energy consumption of Urea plants from 6.04 Gcal/MT during  2014-15  to  around  5.56  Gcal/MT  during  2024-25.  Above  steps  together  have facilitated increase of Urea production from level of 225 LMT to 306.67 LMT during 202425.

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In case of Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, Government has implemented Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Policy w.e.f. 01.04.2010. Under the policy, a fixed amount of subsidy,  decided  on  annual/bi-annual  basis,  is  provided  to  manufacturer  /  importer  on subsidized P&K fertilizers depending on their nutrient content i.e. Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Sulphur (S). Under NBS Scheme, P&K fertilizers are decontrolled and fertilizer companies are allowed to fix MRP as per market dynamics at reasonable level which is monitored by the Government. Under NBS policy, P&K fertilizers are covered under Open General License (OGL) and companies are free to import these fertilizers as per their business dynamics. To boost fertilizer production and make country self reliant based on the requests, the new manufacturing units or increase in manufacturing capacity of existing units have been recognized / taken on record under the NBS subsidy scheme; the number of P&K fertilizers  covered  under  NBS  policy  has been  increased  from  22  grades  in  2021  to  28 grades and Freight Subsidy on SSP, which is an indigenously manufactured fertilizer, has been approved  since Kharif, 2022 to promote SSP usage for providing Phosphatic or 'P' nutrient to the soil.

Furthermore, in order to promote self-reliance in fertilizer sector, ensure timely and affordable availability of fertilizers to farmers, encourage domestic production, reduce import dependency,  support  modernization,  Government  of  India,  under  the  Fertilizer  Control Order, 1985, has notified various Nano Nitrogen fertilizers. These include IFFCO's Nano Urea Plus containing 16% nitrogen, notified on 15 April 2024 vide Gazette Notification S.O. 1801(E); Zuari Farm Hub's Nano Urea (8%), notified on 2 March 2023 vide S.O. 1026(E); and Ray Nano & Research Centre's Nano Urea (4.4%), notified on 6 March 2023 vide S.O. 1144(Ε).

Similarly, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (DA&FW), through Gazette Notifications S.O. 1025(E) and S.O. 1026(E) dated 2nd March 2023, authorized M/s IFFCO and CIL respectively to manufacture Nano DAP. Additionally, Nano DAP developed by Zuari Farm Hub Ltd. has also been notified under the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) via Gazette Notification  S.O.  5077(E)  dated  29th  November  2023,  while  Nano  DAP  developed  by Natural  Plant  Protection  Limited  was  similarly  notified  under  the  FCO  through  Gazette Notification S.O. 1785(E) dated 22nd April 2024.

In addition to this, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), on June 28, 2023, approved the "PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness Generation,

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Nourishment,  and  Amelioration  of  Mother-Earth  (PM-PRANAM).  The  initiative  aims  to support the mass movement initiated by States and Union Territories (UTs) to preserve the health  of Mother Earth through the promotion of sustainable and balanced fertilizer use, adoption  of  alternative  fertilizers,  promotion  of  organic  farming,  and  implementation  of resource conservation technologies.

All States/UTs are covered under the PM-PRANAM scheme. Under the PM-PRANAM scheme, there is a provision to provide incentives to States/UTs for reduction of consumption of chemical fertilizers (Urea, DAP, NPK, MOP) in a given financial year, compared to the average  consumption  over  the  previous  three  years,  equivalent  to  50%  of  the  fertilizer subsidy saved."In order to ensure timely and adequate supply of fertilizers in the country, before the commencement of each cropping season, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (DA&FW), in consultation with all the State Governments, assesses the state-wise & month-wise requirement of fertilizers. On the basis of requirement projected, Department of  Fertilizers  allocates  sufficient/  adequate  quantities  of  fertilizers  to  States  by  issuing monthly supply plan and continuously monitors the availability. The movement of all major subsidized  fertilizers  is  monitored  throughout  the  country  by  an  on-line  web-based monitoring system called integrated Fertilizer Monitoring System (iFMS). Regular Weekly Video Conference is conducted jointly by DA&FW and D/o Fertilizers with State Agriculture Officials and corrective actions are taken to dispatch fertilizers as indicated by the State Governments.

To address the environmental issues due to fertilizers, the Ministry of Environment, Forest  and  Climate  Change  has  notified  effluent  and  emission  standards  for  fertilizers industries. It is mandatory for all the fertilizers industries to operate only after issuance of Consent  to  Operate  from  respective  State  Pollution  Control  Boards  Pollution  Control Committees. It is mandatory for all the hazardous waste generating fertilizers industries to obtain authorization under Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement)  Rules,  2016  from  their  concerned  State  Pollution  Control  Boards/Pollution Control Committees and dispose the hazardous wastes as per conditions stipulated in the above stated authorization.

Accordingly, fertiliser companies have employed pollution control systems from the design stage. Plants have to comply with the environmental regulations and standards as prescribed under MoEFCC Environment Protection Act 1986 or Central or State Pollution

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Control Boards. The plants, if needed, modernize their plants or adopt measures to meet the revised environmental standards.  For waste- water discharge, CPCB/SPCB prescribes standards for quality of effluent discharge from the battery limit of the fertilizer plants. The industrial effluent is treated in the effluent treatment plant before discharge.

Also, fertilizer plants have invested in revamp/retrofits to improve energy efficiency of the existing plants. Urea is the most energy intensive process.  All the naphtha and fuel oil based urea plants have switched their feedstock to natural gas, which is a cleaner fossil fuel. Only eight urea plants use coal as fuel for partial generation of steam and power. There are several other measures implemented over the years by ammonia-urea plants to improve energy efficiency. These efforts have resulted in reduction in carbon dioxide generation by 47% from ammonia production over a period of 36 years.

In  Chemicals  &  Petrochemicals  sector,  to  promote  domestic  manufacturing  and reduce dependency  on  imports, the  Government  has undertaken following policy measures:-

(i) Plastic Parks: Government implements the Scheme for Setting up of Plastic Parks. The Scheme promotes setting up of need-based Plastic Parks with requisite state-of-the-art infrastructure and enabling common facilities. The objective is to consolidate and synergize the  capacities  of  downstream  plastic  processing  industry  to  help  increase  investment, production and export in the sector as well as generate employment. 10 Plastic Parks have been approved.

(ii) Centres of Excellence: With the objective of promoting research and development efforts in the Chemical  and  Petrochemical  sector  to  develop  new  molecules  and technologies,  Government  has  formulated  a  scheme  on  setting  up  of  Centres  of Excellence(CoEs). The objective of the scheme is to provide grant-in-aid to educational and research  institutions  to  improve  existing  technology  and  promote  development  of  new applications  of  polymers,  chemicals  and  plastics.  The  emphasis  of  the  Scheme  is  on modernization and upgradation of existing manufacturing processes as well as improving the quality of products. So far, 18 CoEs have been approved under the Scheme.

(iii) Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Regions (PCPIRS): Government of India has notified the PCPIR Policy, 2007 to attract investment and for the generation  of  employment  in  the  Petroleum,  Chemical  and  Petrochemical  Investment Regions (PCPIRs). PCPIRs promote the Chemical and Petrochemical sectors in an

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Further,  Government has initiated an exercise to make BIS Standards mandatory through issuance of Quality Control Orders (QCOs) under the Bureau of Indian Standard Act, 2016. So far, QCOs for 72 chemicals and petrochemicals have been notified in the Gazette.

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