Lok Sabha Question No. 2827 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-12-20
Subject: Leakages and Corruption in PDS
Ministry: CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
Asked by: Raju Bista

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

## DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2827 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20TH DECEMBER, 2023

## LEAKAGES AND CORRUPTION IN PDS

## 2827.  SHRI RAJU BISTA:

Will the Minister of CONSUMER  AFFAIRS, FOOD  AND PUBLIC

DISTRIBUTION w+tnt  wa, wu  BiR RT&dtv f#7wr Ht  be pleased  to state:

- (a)  the details of measures initiated by the Government to  mitigate
- leakages and corruption in PDS in the last five years;
- (b) whether the Government has been able to  identify duplicate/fake ration cards or cases of impersonation;
- (c) if so, the details thereof, State-wise;
- (d) whether any action has been taken against people involved in irregularities and corruption in PDS; and
- (e) if  so, the details  in this  regard?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (SADHVI NIRANJAN JYOTI)

(a) to (c): With a view to address challenges such as leakages and corruption of foodgrains, inclusion/exclusion errors, duplicate ration cards, Government has implemented a scherne on mEnd-to-End Computerization of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) Operations". The scheme comprises digitization of  ration cards/beneficiary and other databases, online allocation, computerization of supply-chain management, setting up of  transparency portal and grievance redressal mechanisms. Besides, Central Govt. has also asked States/UTs to install  electronic  Point of Sale (ePoS) device in  all  the Fair Price Shops (FPSs) for  authentication of beneficiaries and electronic capturing of transactions. So far, around 5.41 lakh FPSs out of 5.43 lakh have been autornatec1 across the country by installing ePoS devices for  Aadhaar authenticated distribution. As a result of use of technology  in PDS operations,  the  State/UT Governments  are able to delete/cancel a total  Of 2.09 Crore duplicate ration cards during 20182022. State-wise report of deleted/cancelled ration cards last five years is at An nexure uI u

Besides proper  monitoring and  maintaining transparency in  PDS operations in all States/UTs, this Department has developed a national portals i.e. annavitran.nic.in for  monitoring of foodgrains distribution, and nfsa.gov.in for monitoring of other PDS operations.

- (d) & (e):  Statement showing results of action taken by the State/ UT Governments under relevant clause of  the TPDS (Control) Order, 2015, upto 30.,06..2023 is at Annexure-II.

88888

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO  IN REPLY TO PART (a) TO (c)  OF THE UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2827 FOR ANSWER ON 20.12.2023 IN THE LOK SABHA.

## State-wise report of deleted/cancelled ration cards last five years 2018 to 2022

| S. No.   | State/UT           | Total      |
|----------|--------------------|------------|
|          | Andhra Pradesh     | 65,622     |
|          | Andaman& Nicobar   | 1 ,1 63    |
| 3.       | Arunachal Pradesh  | 0          |
| 4.       | Assam              | 1 ,90,073  |
| 5.       | Bihar              | 8,41 ,1 06 |
|          | Chandigarh         | 0          |
|          | Chhattisgarh       | 6,08,260   |
|          | DNHand Daman & Diu | 1 7 ,573   |
|          | Delhi              | 2,59l240   |
| 1 Oa     | Goa                | 3,607      |
|          | W t                | 5,37l847   |
|          | Haryana            | 2,91 1926  |
|          | Himachal Pradesh   | 64,1 39    |
| 1 4.     | Jammu & Kashmir    | 69l319     |
| 1 5.     | Jharkhand          | 2,07,961   |
| 16.      | Karnataka          | 2,57,298   |
| 1 7.     | Kerela             | W,843      |
| 18.      | Ladakh             | 614        |
|          | Lakshadweep        | 51         |
|          | Madhya Pradesh     | 1 4l46l603 |
|          | Maharashtra        | 21 103l704 |
| 22.      | Wtipur             | 81l814     |
|          | Wghalaya           | 1 3ll 99   |
|          | Mizoram            | 3,34§      |
| 25.      | Nagaland           | 33,579     |
| 26.      | Odisha             | 0          |
|          | I                  | 9,238      |
|          | Punjab             | 3,1 2,1 45 |
|          | Na asthan          | 7,95,81 6  |
|          | Sikkim             | 1 5,980    |
| 31 .     | Tamil Nadu         | 3l14l242   |
|          | He angana          | 55l939     |
|          | Tripura            | 22l956     |
|          | Uttar Pradesh      | 19,74,688  |
| 35.      | Uttarakhand        | 3,33,1 99  |
| 36.      | West Bengal        | 8,07,029   |
|          | Grand Total        | 19,02,1 16 |

## ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO IN REPLY TO PART (d) & (e) OF  THE UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2827  FOR ANSWER ON 20.12.2023  IN THE LOK SABHA.

(Compilation  of information  received  from  States/UTs by 30.06.2023)

Statement showing results of action taken by the State/UT Governments  under relevant clauses of the PDS/TPDS  (Control)  Orders from  January 2015 to June, 2023.

| Sl. No.   | I Name of the 1 State/UT   |   1Year | Number of Inspections   | Number of raids conducted   | Nur persons arrested/prosec uted convicted   | I Licenses I suspended/Cancelle 1d/Show cause notices issued/FIR Lodged   |
|-----------|----------------------------|---------|-------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| r         |                            |    2015 | 11803                   | 2072                        | 5                                            |                                                                           |
| r         |                            |    2016 | 2889                    | 832                         | +                                            | +                                                                         |
| r         |                            |    2017 | 25519                   | 9774                        | 8                                            | 811                                                                       |
| r         |                            |    2018 | 27189                   | 10831                       | 13                                           | 576                                                                       |
| r         |                            |    2019 | 2616                    | 1160                        | 51                                           | 849                                                                       |
| r         |                            |    2020 | 4378                    | 1653                        | 66                                           | 438                                                                       |
| r         | Pradesh                    |    2015 | 8                       | 8                           | 8                                            | +                                                                         |
| r         | Pradesh                    |    2016 | #                       | #                           | +                                            | +                                                                         |
| r         | Pradesh                    |    2017 | #                       | +                           | +                                            | #                                                                         |
| r         | Pradesh                    |    2018 | &                       | #                           | #                                            | #                                                                         |
| r         | Pradesh                    |    2019 | +                       | +                           | #                                            | +                                                                         |
| r         | Pradesh                    |    2020 | 8                       | 8                           | &                                            | #                                                                         |
| S         |                            |    2015 | 1352                    | 849                         | 8                                            | 124                                                                       |
| S         |                            |    2016 | 772                     | 272                         | 8                                            | 36                                                                        |
| S         |                            |    2017 | 902                     | 441                         | 4                                            | 76                                                                        |
| S         |                            |    2018 | 8                       | #                           | 8                                            | +                                                                         |
| S         |                            |    2019 | 3497                    | 1197                        | +                                            | 82                                                                        |
| S         |                            |    2020 | 8                       | 8                           | +                                            | 8                                                                         |
| S         |                            |    2022 | 1917                    | 130                         | 8                                            | 17                                                                        |
| l         |                            |    2015 | $                       | #                           | +                                            | $                                                                         |
| l         |                            |    2016 | &                       | +                           | 8                                            | 8                                                                         |
| l         |                            |    2017 | &                       | +                           | +                                            | &                                                                         |
| l         |                            |    2018 | 8                       |                             | &                                            | 8                                                                         |
| l         |                            |    2019 | #                       | 8                           | 8                                            | 8                                                                         |
| l         |                            |    2020 |                         | +                           | 8                                            | q:                                                                        |

| 5   | 1 Chhattisgarh   | 2015   | 4811   | 561   | 8   |   149 |
|-----|------------------|--------|--------|-------|-----|-------|
|     |                  | 2016   | 6050   | 647   | 2   |   122 |
|     |                  | 2017   | 5702   | 443   | 31  |   225 |
|     |                  | 2018   | 6658   | 1161  | 4   |    60 |
|     |                  | 2019   | 6144   | 934   | 8   |    50 |
|     |                  | 2020   | 2453   | 390   | 7   |    12 |
|     |                  | 202 1  | 8      | 8     | 8   |     8 |
|     |                  | 2022   | +      | +     | +   |     2 |
| He  |                  | 2015   | 1381   | 149   | 8   |   755 |
|     |                  | 2016   | 2026   | 14    | 7   |   741 |
|     |                  | 2017   | 390    | 60    | 8   |    24 |
|     |                  | 2018   | 6534   | 66    | 1   |   522 |
|     |                  | 2019   | 9013   | 93    | 0   |   220 |
|     |                  | 2020   | 9425   | 109   | 1   |   276 |
|     |                  | 2021   | 9854   | 111   | 0   |   337 |
|     |                  | 2022   | 6872   | 56    | 0   |   156 |
| no  |                  | 2015   | 145    | 3     | 8   |    25 |
|     |                  | 2016   | 985    | 15    | $   |    83 |
|     |                  | 2017   | 1088   | 18    | $   |   182 |
|     |                  | 2018   | 385    | 35    | 8   |    21 |
|     |                  | 2019   | 341    | +     | 8   |     5 |
|     |                  | 2020   | 1190   | 8     | 8   |   208 |
|     |                  | 2021   | 8      | +     | 8   |     8 |
|     |                  | 2022   | $      | 8     | $   |     8 |
|     |                  | 2023   | 390    | 85    | 8   |     6 |
| I   |                  | 2015   | 6958   | &     | 11  |   284 |
|     |                  | 2016   | 5959   | $     | 3   |   370 |
|     |                  | 2017   | 5704   | #     | I   |   197 |
|     |                  | 2018   | 7802   | +     | 33  |   221 |
|     |                  | 2019   | 5563   | 8     | 2   |   280 |
|     |                  | 2020   | 4374   | #     | 8   |    97 |
|     |                  | 2021   | 3283   | +     | +   |    69 |
|     |                  | 2022   | 9557   | #     | $   |   103 |

| 9   | 1 Haryana   |   2015 | 8     | 8   | 8   | #    |
|-----|-------------|--------|-------|-----|-----|------|
|     |             |   2016 | 1481  | 105 | 4   | 919  |
|     |             |   2017 | 8     | $   | 8   | 8    |
|     |             |   2018 | 8     | $   | 8   | 8    |
|     |             |   2019 | 8     | #   | 8   | +    |
|     |             |   2020 | +     | +   | #   | 8    |
| r   |             |   2015 | 3138  | #   | $   | 325  |
|     |             |   2016 | 4322  | 8   | 8   | 1026 |
|     |             |   2017 | 10983 | $   | 8   | 523  |
|     |             |   2018 | 16975 | +   | #   | 1017 |
|     |             |   2019 | 15301 | 8   | 8   | 699  |
|     |             |   2020 | 9767  |     |     | 1005 |
| a   |             |   2015 | 8     | 8   | +   | 8    |
|     | Kashmir     |   2016 | #     | 8   | 8   | $    |
|     |             |   2017 | 8     | +   | +   | #    |
|     |             |   2018 | 8     | 8   | #   | 8    |
|     |             |   2019 | #     | 8   | 8   | 8    |
|     |             |   2020 | 8     | 8   | +   | 8    |
| l   |             |   2015 | 417   | 4   | 9   | 66   |
|     |             |   2016 | 438   | 18  | 32  | 107  |
|     |             |   2017 | 8     | $   | 8   | +    |
|     |             |   2018 | #     | #   | +   | #    |
|     |             |   2019 | $     | 8   | 8   | +    |
|     |             |   2020 | &     | $   | +   | 8    |
| a   |             |   2015 | 61078 | 614 | 145 | 520  |
|     |             |   2016 | 29620 | 372 | 33  | 202  |
|     |             |   2017 | 11516 | 207 | 8   | 296  |
|     |             |   2018 | 11622 | 198 | 4   | 149  |
|     |             |   2019 | 14410 | 322 | 62  | 181  |
|     |             |   2020 | 8     | 8   | 8   |      |

| 14   | 1Kerala   | 2015   | 78505   | 18269   | 33   | 108   |
|------|-----------|--------|---------|---------|------|-------|
|      |           | 2016   | 93502   | 24646   | 8    | 136   |
|      |           | 2017   | 55781   | 4579    | 5    | 215   |
|      |           | 2018   | 34538   | 2088    | 1    | 3139  |
|      |           | 2019   | #       | 8       | &    | 8     |
|      |           | 2020   | 8       | +       | 8    | 8     |
| a    | Pradesh   | 2015   | 32108   | 1008    | 162  | 657   |
|      |           | 2016   | 32978   | 1156    | 166  | 699   |
|      |           | 2017   | 36776   | 1195    | 260  | 713   |
|      |           | 2018   | 37442   | 1207    | 177  | 847   |
|      |           | 2019   | 38296   | 1408    | 200  | 1223  |
|      |           | 2020   | 32822   | 1328    | 216  | 1255  |
| a    |           | 2015   | 86979   | $       | 200  | 792   |
|      |           | 2016   | 97067   | 8       | 177  | 818   |
|      |           | 2017   | 43394   | 8       | 80   | 257   |
|      |           | 2018   | 8       | 8       | 8    | 8     |
|      |           | 2019   | 8       | q:      | 8    | 8     |
|      |           | 2020   | 8       | 8       | $    |       |
| a    |           | 2015   | 54      | 20      | 8    | #     |
|      |           | 2016   | 6       | 3       | 8    | 8     |
|      |           | 2017   | $       | 8       | 8    | 8     |
|      |           | 2018   | 8       | &       | &    | 8     |
|      |           | no     | 8       | 8       | 8    | 8     |
|      |           | 2020   | 8       | 8       | &    | :k    |

546 1

| 18   | 1 Meghalaya   | 2015                         | 546   | 13    | #   | 8   |
|------|---------------|------------------------------|-------|-------|-----|-----|
|      |               | 2016 (April to August 20 16) | 2     |       | #   | #   |
|      |               | 2017                         | 8     | +     | 8   | #   |
|      |               | 2018                         | +     | #     | 8   | +   |
|      |               | 2019                         | 8     | 8     | 8   | 8   |
|      |               | 2020                         | 8     | #     | +   | 8   |
|      |               | 202 1                        | 2573  | 12    | +   | 8   |
|      |               | 2022                         | 525   | 6     | +   | $   |
| z    |               | 2015                         | 166   | 103   | 2   | 8   |
|      |               | 2016                         | 124   | 68    | +   | 8   |
|      |               | 2017                         | 108   | 49    | 8   | 8   |
|      |               | 2018                         | 91    | 43    | 8   | #   |
|      |               | 2019                         | 100   | 216   | 8   | 8   |
|      |               | 2020                         | 90    | 19    | &   | 8   |
| 0    |               | 2015                         | 221   | 8     | 8   | #   |
|      |               | 2016                         | 76    | 12    | 3   | 2   |
|      |               | 2017                         | $     | &     | 8   | &   |
|      |               | 2018                         | $     | +     | #   | 8   |
|      |               | 2019                         | 8     | $     | 8   | 8   |
|      |               | 2020                         | 8     | #     | $   | 8   |
| c    |               | 2015                         | 9200  | 10325 | 8   | 553 |
|      |               | 2016                         | 8350  | 8634  | 8   | 152 |
|      |               | 2017                         | 12899 | 3402  | 1   | 215 |
|      |               | 2018                         | 22481 | 178   | +   | 206 |
|      |               | 2019                         | 20343 | 197   | 8   | 242 |
|      |               | 2020                         | 8     | 20540 | 6   | 116 |
|      |               | 2021                         | 22557 | 250   | +   | 130 |
|      |               | 2022                         | 15160 | 312   | 3   | 138 |

| 22   | 1 Punjab   |   2015 | 57422   | 1453   | 2      | 1451   |
|------|------------|--------|---------|--------|--------|--------|
|      |            |   2016 | 8       | #      | 8      | 8      |
|      |            |   2017 | 8       | +      | 8      | 8      |
|      |            |   2018 | 8       | 8      | 8      | 8      |
|      |            |   2019 | #       | 8      | $      | +      |
|      |            |   2020 | 8       | 8      | +      | $      |
| a    |            |   2015 | 16895   | 1895   | 763    | 5272   |
|      |            |   2016 | 24293   | 2183   | 668    | 7733   |
|      |            |   2017 | 16299   | 1636   | 320    | 8601   |
|      |            |   2018 | 15112   | 910    | 354    | 2484   |
|      |            |   2019 | 19462   | 1542   | 309    | 4381   |
|      |            |   2020 | 22537   | 876    | 791    | 3029   |
|      |            |   2021 | 8       | 8      | +      | 8      |
|      |            |   2022 | 143750  | 15245  | 5778   | 36087  |
| £    |            |   2015 | 260     | 28     | $      | &      |
|      |            |   2016 | 475     | 65     | 8      | 8      |
|      |            |   2017 | 616     | 24     | 8      | &      |
|      |            |   2018 | 1339    | 28     | 8      | 8      |
|      |            |   2019 | 2688    | 44     | #      | 8      |
|      |            |   2020 | 1987    | 30     | #      | 8      |
|      |            |   2021 | 2038    | 18     | &      | $      |
|      |            |   2022 | 839     | 15     | 8      | +      |
|      |            |   2023 | +       | +      | 8      | 8      |
| a    |            |   2015 | 180520  | 7700   | 25     | &      |
|      |            |   2016 | 194599  | 21337  | 1025 1 | 8      |
|      |            |   2017 | 119481  | 14709  | 6787   | 8      |
|      |            |   2018 | 44702   | 4732   | 1717   | 8      |
|      |            |   2019 | 84432   | 10379  | 4373   | 8      |
|      |            |   2020 | 54247   | 4930   | 1322   | 8      |
|      |            |   2021 | 45280   | 4954   | 2480   | +      |
|      |            |   2022 | 2365 12 | 17430  | 12041  | $      |

| 26   | 1 Telangana   | 2015                        | $      | 8     | 8    | 8    |
|------|---------------|-----------------------------|--------|-------|------|------|
|      |               | 2016                        | 8      | +     | 8    | 8    |
|      |               | 2017                        | 8      | +     | +    | 8    |
|      |               | 2018                        | 8      | #     | +    | #    |
|      |               | 2019                        | 3423 1 | 13485 | 729  | 4849 |
|      |               | 2020                        | 15056  | 8352  | 1429 | 1118 |
|      |               | 2021                        | 18278  | 6471  | 2042 | 1327 |
|      |               | 2022                        | 10559  | 2246  | 815  | 557  |
|      |               | 2023                        | 5626   | 1179  | 2    | 67   |
| r    |               | 2015                        | 11249  | 363   | 2    | 340  |
|      |               | 2016                        | 11436  | 503   | 0    | 385  |
|      |               | 2017                        | 10795  | 377   | 0    | 243  |
|      |               | 2018                        | 8665   | 446   | 0    | 290  |
|      |               | 2019                        | 12984  | 465   | 0    | 406  |
|      |               | 2020                        | 11097  | 1123  | 8    | 581  |
|      |               | 2021                        | 1480   | 77    | 2    | 87   |
| a    |               | 2015                        | 8      | &     | 8    | 8    |
|      |               | 2016                        | 8      | +     | 8    | 8    |
|      |               | 2017                        | 8      | +     | $    | 8    |
|      |               | 2018                        | #      | 8     | 8    | 8    |
|      |               | 2019                        | $      | 8     | +    | +    |
|      |               | 2020                        | 8      | +     | #    | 8    |
| a    |               | 2015                        | 45376  | $     | 1009 | 6665 |
|      |               | 2016                        | 62322  | 6961  | 887  | 6545 |
|      |               | 2017                        | 29804  | 3141  | 557  | 2461 |
|      |               | 2018 (April 18 - March, 19) | 138302 | 8     | 3385 | 9419 |
|      |               | 2019-20                     | 150970 | 2343  | 1086 | 6404 |
|      |               | 2020-21                     | 153393 | 14329 | 1199 | 6506 |
|      |               | 2021 -22                    | 116734 | 11207 | 573  | 5026 |
|      |               | 2022-23                     | 108662 | 10312 | 716  | 4245 |

| 30   | 1West Bengal   |   2015 | 7680   | 52   | 8   | 462   |
|------|----------------|--------|--------|------|-----|-------|
|      |                |   2016 | 19619  | 233  | &   | 41    |
|      |                |   2017 | 36146  | 655  | 17  | 1841  |
|      |                |   2018 | 43 127 | 2057 | 19  | 2829  |
|      |                |   2019 | 35378  | 581  | 15  | 2648  |
|      |                |   2020 | 42840  | 222  | 57  | 3263  |
|      |                |   2021 | 28994  | 156  | 42  | 4810  |
|      |                |   2022 | 21326  | 56   | 24  | 2834  |
| s    |                |   2015 | 369    | 8    | 8   | 15    |
|      |                |   2016 | 8      | &    | &   | 8     |
|      |                |   2017 | 144    | 8    | +   |       |
|      |                |   2018 | 8      | 8    | 8   | :B    |
|      |                |   2019 | 8      | 8    | 8   | &     |
|      |                |   2020 | 266    | $    | &   |       |
| l    |                |   2015 | 410    | 8    | &   |       |
|      |                |   2016 | 8      | #    | #   | +     |
|      |                |   2017 | 8      | +    | 8   | 8     |
|      |                |   2018 | 8      | 8    | 8   | &     |
|      |                |   2019 | #      | 8    | $   | +     |
|      |                |   2020 | +      | +    | $   | &     |
|      |                |   2021 | #      | 8    | +   | 8     |
|      |                |   2022 | $      | +    | 8   | +     |
|      |                |   2023 | 8      | 8    | 8   | 8     |

| 33   | 1D&N Haveli   |   2015 | 10   | 1   |    |    |
|------|---------------|--------|------|-----|----|----|
|      |               |   2016 | 8    | #   |    |    |
|      |               |   2017 | +    | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2018 | #    | #   |    |    |
|      |               |   2019 | 8    | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2020 | 8    | 8   |    |    |
|      |               |   2021 | 63   | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2022 | 63   | +   |    |    |
| a    |               |   2015 | #    | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2016 | $    | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2017 | +    | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2018 | #    | #   |    |    |
|      |               |   2019 | 8    | +   |    |    |
|      |               |   2020 | 8    | #   |    |    |
|      |               |   2021 | 51   | 1   |    |    |
|      |               |   2022 | 51   | +   | +  |    |
| a    |               |   2015 | 8    | #   | +  | &  |
|      |               |   2016 | 8    | 8   | +  | 8  |
|      |               |   2017 | #    | 8   | +  | 8  |
|      |               |   2018 | 8    | 8   | +  | 8  |
|      |               |   2019 | $    | #   | +  | &  |
|      |               |   2020 | +    | +   | +  | #  |

......10/-

| 36                                              | 1 Puducherry                                    | ,CV 1 J                                         | £O£J   | 7 IJ   | +     | 7      |
|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|--------|--------|-------|--------|
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 8      |        | +     | 2      |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 1      |        | 8     | 8      |
|                                                 |                                                 | O                                               | 8      |        | 8     | 8      |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 8      |        | &     | 8      |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               |        |        | +     | +      |
| Total                                           |                                                 | 0                                               | 8      |        | 2424  | 21105  |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 4      |        | 12241 | 20119  |
|                                                 |                                                 | O                                               | 2      |        | 8079  | 16805  |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 8      |        | 5708  | 21780  |
|                                                 |                                                 | O                                               | 4      |        | 6827  | 22519  |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 9      |        | 5102  | 17904  |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 8      |        | 5139  | 11787  |
|                                                 |                                                 | 2                                               | 8      |        | 19377 | 44139  |
|                                                 |                                                 | 0                                               | 0      |        | 2     | 73     |
| r 2015+2016+2017+2018+2019+ 2020+2021+2022+2023 | r 2015+2016+2017+2018+2019+ 2020+2021+2022+2023 | r 2015+2016+2017+2018+2019+ 2020+2021+2022+2023 |        |        | 64899 | 176231 |

+++++