Lok Sabha Question No. 2476 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-12-10
Subject: Migration of People
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Shri Balabhadra Majhi, Smt. Rachna Banerjee

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2476 ANSWERED ON 10/12/2024

## MIGRATION OF PEOPLE

## 2476. SHRI BALABHADRA MAJHI: SMT. RACHNA BANERJEE:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENTbe pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has taken any action to stop migration of rural people in search of better livelihood;
- (b)
- if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the  manner  in  which  rural  development  is  used  as  a  tool  to address the challenges of ruralto-urban migration  and  ensure better opportunities at home;
- (d) the details of measures taken to ensure that rural youth remain in  their  communities,  contributing  to  local  economies  and helping to combat urban overcrowding; and
- (e) whether  MGNREGS  is  helpful  to  stop  migration,  if  so,  the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SHRI KAMLESH PASWAN)

(a)  to  (d):  Checking  the  migration  of  rural  people  towards  urban areas  are  sought  to  be  addressed  through  multi-dimensional course  of  action  such  as  provision  of  improved  infrastructural facilities,  equitable  dispersal  of  resources  to  remove  regional disparities, employment generation, imparting of skills, encouraging  entrepreneurial  activity,  undertaking  land  reforms, enhancing literacy, and providing easy access to financial assistance & credit facilities etc.

So far as the Ministry of Rural Development is concerned, it is implementing  various  rural  development  schemes  for  creating employment  opportunities  and  rural  infrastructure. All these

measures  encourage  people  to  stay  in  rural  areas,  earn  their livelihood  and  raise  their  quality  of  life  near  their  places  of residence and hence act as a deterrent to distress migration of rural  population  to  cities.  Some  of  the  schemes  that  have  a positive impact on reducing migration are:

- i. Under  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS), guaranteed wage employment of 100 days in a financial year is provided to a rural household whose adult members are willing to take up manual work.  Further,  an  additional  50  days  of  wage  employment  is provided  over  and  above  100  days  in  the  notified  drought affected areas or natural calamity affected areas in the country on  recommendation  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Farmers Welfare.
- ii. Pradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojana (PMGSY) is aimed at providing  connectivity  by  way  of  single  all-weather  road  to eligible  unconnected  habitations  in  rural  areas  so  that  these habitations can have access to basic health services, education and markets  for their produce. It has positive impact  on education, access to health care facilities, employment generation, better farm prices etc. PMGSY have provided new on farm and off farm opportunities of employment like employment in  nearby  urban  areas  where  people  could  commute  daily. Hence, PMGSY has been able to arrest the pace of migration to some extent.
- iii. Pradhan  MantriAwaasYojana-Gramin  (PMAY-G)w.e.f.  1st  April, 2016  to  provide  assistance  to  eligible  rural  households  for construction  of  pucca  houses  with  basic  amenities  to  achieve the objective of 'Housing for All' in rural areas of country. The total target under the PMAY-G  was construction of 4.95 crorepucca  houses  with  basic  amenities  by  March,  2029.  The construction  activities  under  PMAY-G  focuses  on  provision  of houses  to  the  eligible  beneficiaries  and  also  contributes  in reducing  push  factors  for  migration  through  direct  and  indirect employment  generation  in  rural  areas  of  the  country.Under PMAY-G,  there  is  a  provision  of  90/95  persondays  of  un-skilled wage labour under MGNREGS for construction of house, over and above  the  unit  assistance.  Further,  under  the  Rural  Mason Training  program  of  PMAY-G  so  far  approx  3  lakh  mason  have been  trained.  Under  PMAY-G,  the  indirect  employment  is  also

- generated through the production of building materials and their transportation for the house construction.
- iv. DeendayalAntyodayaYojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) mobilizes rural poor and vulnerable households into SHGs and link them to sustainable livelihoods opportunities by building their skills and enabling them to access formal sources of  finance,  entitlements  and  services  from  both  public  and private sectors. It is envisaged that the intensive and continuous capacity  building  of  rural  poor  women  will  ensure  their  social and  economic  upliftment.  The  Mission  seeks  to  achieve  its objective  through  investing  in  four  core  components  viz.,  (a) social  mobilization  and  promotion  of  sustainable  community institutions of the rural poor; (b) financial inclusion of the rural poor; (c) sustainable livelihoods; and (d) social inclusion, development, and convergence.
- v. Rural  Self  Employment  Training  Institutes  (RSETIs)  provides entrepreneurship and skill development training to rural unemployed youth aged 18-45 years, empowering them to pursue self  employment.  There  are  64  approved  courses  in  which RSETIs  impart  training  based  on  the  specific  demands  of  the respective states significantly reducing rural youth migration.
- vi. Department of Land Resources (DoLR) is implementing Watershed Development Component (WDC) of the Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana (WDC-PMKSY), which provides employment  opportunities  through  community  engagement  in soil and water conservation, rainwater harvesting, afforestation, horticulture, pasture development, and livelihood support, thereby  providing  sustainable  income  opportunities  and  skill development.

(e): MGNREGS is a demand-driven wage employment Scheme that provides for the enhancement  of  livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year  to  every  household  whose  adult  members  volunteer  to  do unskilled manual  work.  It offers rural households  fall  back livelihood  options  when  better  employment  opportunities  are unavailable. From the FY2019-20 to 2024-25 (as on 06.12.2024), a total of 1813.26crore persondays have been generated and a total of  412.09 durable assets have beencreated on rural areas under this scheme.

Several  initiatives  have  been  taken  to  provide  employment opportunity  to  rural  household  under  Mahatma  Gandhi  NREGS which include:

-  Initiating appropriate Information Education and Communication  (IEC)  campaigns  including  wall  paintings  for the  wide  dissemination  of  the  provisions  of  the  Mahatma Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Act  (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA), 2005
-  Expanding scope and coverage of demand registration system to ensure that demand for work under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA does not go unregistered,
-  Prepare plans in a participatory mode and approve them in the Gram Sabha.
-  Organization of 'Rozgar Diwas'.
-  Creation  of  productive  assets  at  individual  and  community level for sustained income of the beneficiaries

Details  of  person  days  generated  and  number  of  durable  assets created on rural areas under Mahatma Gandhi NREGS for the last five  financial  years from  2019-20  to  2023-24  and  in  the  current financial year 2024-25 (as on 06.12.2024) are as under:

| Financial year   |   Person days generated (in crore) |   No. of durable assets created |
|------------------|------------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| 2019-20          |                             265.35 |                           74.67 |
| 2020-21          |                             389.09 |                           84.35 |
| 2021-22          |                             363.19 |                           89.96 |
| 2022-23          |                             293.7  |                           94.45 |
| 2023-24          |                             308.91 |                           84.24 |
| 2024-25          |                             193.02 |                           59.09 |
| Total            |                            1813.26 |                          412.09 |

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