Lok Sabha Question No. 743 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-12-07
Subject: Irrigation Efficiency
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Sudhakar Tukaram Shrangre, Saikia Dilip

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI

## DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 743

## ANSWERED ON 07.12.2023

## IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY

## 743. SHRI SUDHAKAR TUKARAM SHRANGARE SHRI DILIP SAIKIA

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a) whether the Government has any data on the irrigation efficiency and distribution of various sources of irrigation across the country;

- (b) if so, the details thereof, States/UT-wise; and
- (c) the measures taken by the Government to increase irrigation efficiency so that water may be conserved?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI

( SHRI BISHWESWAR TUDU )

(a) Yes,  the  data  on  irrigation  efficiency  for  some  of  the  canal  based  irrigation  projects  and  data  on different sources of irrigation across the country is available.

(b) The details of irrigation efficiency baseline studies completed on 17 major/medium irrigation projects through  3  premier  institutes  namely  Water  And  Land  Management  Training  And  Research  Institute (WALAMTARI), Hyderabad, Water and Land Management Institute (WALMI), Aurangabad, Centre for Water  Resources  Development  and  Management  (CWRDM),  Kozhikode  under  National  Water  Mission (NWM) is at Annexure-I . Further, the Water Use Efficiency Studies for 35 Irrigation Projects conducted by Central  Water  Commission  (CWC)  are  given  at Annexure-II .  The  States/UT-  wise  details  provided  by Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare about the extent of area irrigated through various sources of irrigation is at Annexure-III .

(c) As the subject matters of water and agriculture falls under the State List of Seventh Schedule under Constitution of India, measures for increasing irrigation efficiency are primarily taken by respective State Governments.  Central  Government  has  been  supplementing  the  efforts  of  the  State  Governments  by providing technical and financial assistance through various schemes and programmes. The measures for increasing irrigation efficiency to conserve water taken at  Government of India level are as:

- i. At  Ministry  of  Jal  Shakti  level: Modernization  of  Command  Area  Development  and  Water Management  (CADWM)  component  of  Pradhan  Mantri  Krishi  Sinchayee  Yojana  (PMKSY)  is targeted for enhancing agriculture productivity and water use efficiency. The scheme also envisages transforming  the  existing  command  (whether  rain  fed  or  gravity  based)  to  a  Pressurized  Piped Irrigation  Command  (PPIC)  by  providing  pressurized  irrigation  water  from  Established  source  to Farm  Gate  below  Minor  (Tertiary)  Level  Network  and  this  will  target  increase  in  the  water  use efficiency upto 90% at farm level ready with robust back end infrastructure using Surface Water.
- ii. At  Policy  level :  The  National  Water  Policy,  2012  has  recognized  the  importance  of  water  use efficiency and has inter-alia made many recommendations in this regard, including (A) bringing in maximum efficiency in  use  of  water  and  avoiding  wastages;  (B)  use  of  economic  incentives  and penalties  to  reduce  pollution  and  wastage;  (C)  setting  up  independent  statutory  Water  Regulatory Authority by each State after wide ranging consultation with all stakeholders for equitable access to water  for  all  and  its  fair  pricing,  for  drinking  and  other  uses  such  as  sanitation,  agricultural  and industrial; (D) water charges be determined on volumetric basis; and (E) obligation on Industries in water short regions to return treated effluent to a specified standard back to the hydrologic system.
- iii. For creating awareness :  The Ministry of Jal Shakti has circulated 'General Guidelines for Water Audit and Water Conservation" (2005) as a useful reference for undertaking water saving measures in all sectors of water use and facilitate State Governments to formulate their own region-specific, project-specific, system-specific or service-specific guidelines. Besides this, Ministry of Jal Shakti has  also  circulated  'Guidelines  for  improving  water  use  efficiency  in  irrigation,  domestic  and industrial sectors' (2014) to the States for their beneficial use. The National Water Mission (NWM) has  been  established  by  the  Government  of  India  with  the  objective  of  'conservation  of  water, minimizing  wastage  and  ensuring  its  more  equitable  distribution  both  across  and  within  States through integrated water resources development and management'. NWM manages the annual Jal Shakti Abhiyan, to create awareness about water conservation.
- iv. At implementation level : To achieve the target of improvement in water use efficiency by 20%, a dedicated organization has been set up as Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (BWUE) under Ministry of Jal Shakti during October, 2022. BWUE will act as a facilitator for promotion of improving water use  efficiency  across  various  sectors  namely  irrigation,  drinking  water  supply,  power  generation, industries,  etc.  in  the  country,  for  promotion,  regulation  and  control  of  efficient  use  of  water  in irrigation,  industrial  and  domestic  sectors.  To  take  works  of  BWUE  forward  and  to  prepare  the frame  work  for  implementation,  a  dedicated  Task  Force  has  been  constituted  to  provide  the framework document for overall management of water use efficiency in India. The Task Force has submitted its report on 14.08.2023.
- v. At  Ministry  of  Agriculture  &  Farmers  Welfare  level: The  Department  of  Agriculture  and Farmers Welfare (DA&FW) is also implementing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Per Drop More Crop  (PDMC) in the  country  from  2015-16.  From  the  year  2015-16  to  2021-22,  the  PDMC  was implemented as component of PMKSY. During the year 2022-23, the PDMC is being implemented under  the  Rashtriya  Krishi  Vikas  Yojana  (RKVY).  PDMC  focuses  on  enhancing  water  use efficiency  at  farmer's  farm  level  through  Micro  Irrigation  namely,  Drip  and  Sprinkler  Irrigation Systems.

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (b) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 743 TO

BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 07.12.2023 REGARDING 'IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY'. Details of baseline studies completed on 17 major/medium irrigation projects under NWM.

| Sl. No.   | Name of Project                                           | State          | Study conducted     | CCA (ha)   | Efficiency                   | Efficiency              | Efficiency                   | Weighted average efficiency based on CCA   |
|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------|----------------|---------------------|------------|------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
|           |                                                           |                | by                  |            | Conve- yance efficiency (Wc) | On-farm Efficiency (Wf) | Overall Efficiency (Wc x Wf) | Weighted average efficiency based on CCA   |
| 1         | Kuttyadi Medium Irrigation Project                        | Kerala         | CWRDM, WALAM- TARI, | 25490      | 70                           | 54                      | 37.80                        | 4.58                                       |
| 2         | Peechi Irrigation Project **                              | Kerala         | Kozhikode           | 10492      | 76                           | 38.64                   | 29.37                        | 1.47                                       |
| 3         | Malampuzha Irrigation Project                             | Kerala         | CWRDM, WALAM- TARI, | 22554      | 71                           | 66.2                    | 47.00                        | 5.04                                       |
| 4         | Thatipudi Medium Irrigation Project                       | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad           | 6218       | 79.78                        | 41.76                   | 33.32                        | 0.99                                       |
| 5         | Vengalarayasagaram Medium Irrigation Project              | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad           | 9996       | 69.08                        | 40.81                   | 28.19                        | 1.34                                       |
| 6         | Guntur Channel Diversion Scheme Medium Irrigation Project | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad           | 12140      | 78.64                        | 60.25                   | 47.38                        | 2.74                                       |
| 7         | Torrigadda Pumping Scheme Medium Irrigation Project       | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad           | 5380       | 82.97                        | 49.54                   | 41.10                        | 1.05                                       |
| 8         | Rallapadu Medium Irrigation Project                       | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad           | 6478       | 82.5                         | 48.24                   | 39.80                        | 1.23                                       |
| 9         | Taliperu Medium Irrigation Project                        | Telangana      | Hyderabad           | 10000      | 77.59                        | 49.96                   | 38.76                        | 1.84                                       |
| 10        | Vattivagu Medium Irrigation Project                       | Telangana      | Hyderabad           | 9919       | 69.86                        | 39.18                   | 27.37                        | 1.29                                       |
| 11        | Peddavagu Medium Irrigation Project                       | Telangana      | Hyderabad           | 6475       | 71.53                        | 39.65                   | 28.36                        | 0.87                                       |
| 12        | Sathnalla Medium Irrigation Project                       | Telangana      | Hyderabad           | 9717       | 83.21                        | 65.89                   | 54.83                        | 2.53                                       |
| 13        | Musi Medium Irrigation Project                            | Telangana      | Hyderabad           | 16923      | 77.19                        | 58.57                   | 45.21                        | 3.64                                       |
| 14        | Bor Irrigation Project                                    | Maharashtra    | WALMI,              | 24060      | 66.4                         | 52.88                   | 35.11                        | 4.02                                       |
| 15        | Arunavati Major Irrigation Project                        | Maharashtra    | Aurangabad          | 24135      | 54.32                        | 48.7                    | 26.45                        | 3.04                                       |
| 16        | Karpara Irrigation Project                                | Maharashtra    | Hyderabad           | 2862       | 80.22                        | 59.85                   | 48.01                        | 0.65                                       |
| 17        | Panzara Irrigation Project                                | Maharashtra    | Hyderabad           | 7328       | 71.67                        | 66.05                   | 47.34                        | 1.65                                       |
|           | Total                                                     |                |                     | 210166     |                              |                         |                              | 37.98                                      |

Note:  Reservoir  Efficiency  has  not  been  considered  while  calculating  Overall  Efficiency  as  it depends upon availability of Water in the catchment area and sedimentation of the Reservoir.

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (b) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 743 TO

## BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 07.12.2023 REGARDING 'IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY'.

Water Use Efficiency Studies of 35 Projects conducted by CWC (in descending order)

| Sl No                  | Name of Project                                   | Major/ Medium          | State                  | CCA in Ha              | Conveyance Efficiency (%)   | On Farm Application Efficiency (%)   | Overall Project Water Use Efficiency (%)   |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
| 1                      | KoilSagar Project                                 | Medium                 | A.P                    | 11,700                 | 83                          | 75                                   | 62                                         |
| 2                      | Bhairavanithippa Project                          | Medium                 | A.P                    | 4,856                  | 86                          | 67                                   | 58                                         |
| 3                      | Augmentation Canal Project                        | Major                  | Haryana                | 85,443                 | 79                          | 72                                   | 57                                         |
| 4                      | Matatila Dam Project                              | Major                  | U.P                    | 1,79,880               | 68                          | 80                                   | 54                                         |
| 5                      | Eastern sone canal                                | Major                  | Bihar                  | 1,26,055               | 73                          | 73                                   | 53                                         |
| 6                      | Vamsadhara Project                                | Major                  | A.P                    | 82,087                 | 91                          | 58                                   | 53                                         |
| 7                      | Durgawathi Irrigation Project                     | Major                  | Bihar                  | 21,110                 | 81                          | 65                                   | 53                                         |
| 8                      | Dholabaha Dam Project                             | Medium                 | Punjab                 | 2,600                  | 74                          | 71                                   | 53                                         |
| 9                      | Kamla Irrigation Project                          | Major                  | Bihar                  | 28,331                 | 70                          | 74                                   | 52                                         |
| 10                     | Naugarh Dam Irrigation Project                    | Major                  | U.P                    | 64,221                 | 71                          | 70                                   | 50                                         |
| 11                     | Ahraura Dam Irrigation Project                    | Medium                 | U.P                    | 14,964                 | 70                          | 70                                   | 49                                         |
| 12                     | Tungabhadra High Level Canal                      | Major                  | A.P                    | 45,800                 | 81                          | 58                                   | 47                                         |
| 13                     | Godavari Delta System (Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage) | Major                  | A.P                    | 4,10,108               | 83                          | 54                                   | 45                                         |
| 14                     | Sri Ram Sagar Project                             | Major                  | A.P                    | 3,71,054               | 78                          | 57                                   | 45                                         |
| 15                     | Rajolibanda Diversion Scheme                      | Major                  | A.P                    | 35,410                 | 82                          | 51                                   | 42                                         |
| 16                     | East Baigul Reservoir Project                     | Medium                 | U.P                    | 16,605                 | 64                          | 65                                   | 42                                         |
| 17                     | Krishna Delta System (Prakasam Barrage)           | Major                  | A.P                    | 5,29,000               | 87                          | 46                                   | 40                                         |
| 18                     | Nizamsagar Project                                | Major                  | A.P                    | 93,659                 | 87                          | 45                                   | 39                                         |
| 19                     | WalmikiSarovar Project                            | Major                  | U.P                    | 6,271                  | 62                          | 62                                   | 38                                         |
| 20                     | Pili Dam Project                                  | Medium                 | U.P                    | 4,044                  | 58                          | 65                                   | 38                                         |
| 21                     | RanjitSagar Dam Project                           | Major                  | Punjab                 | 3,00,000               | 51                          | 65                                   | 33                                         |
| 22                     | Tungabhadra Low Level Canal                       | Major                  | A.P                    | 61,163                 | 72                          | 45                                   | 32                                         |
| 23                     | Saran Canal Irrigation Project                    | Major                  | Bihar                  | 3,60,000               | 53                          | 69                                   | 30                                         |
| 24                     | Upper Morhar                                      | Major                  | Bihar                  | 5725                   | 77                          | 40                                   | 30                                         |
| 25                     | Kurnool Cuddapah Canal System                     | Major                  | A.P                    | 65,465                 | 62                          | 45                                   | 28                                         |
| 26                     | Gandipalem Project                                | Medium                 | A.P                    | 6,478                  | 73                          | 38                                   | 28                                         |
| 27                     | Gajuladinne (Sanjeevaiah Sagar Project).          | Medium                 | A.P                    | 10,300                 | 57                          | 45                                   | 26                                         |
| 28                     | Nagarjuna Sagar Project                           | Major                  | A.P                    | 8,89,000               | 56                          | 39                                   | 22                                         |
| 29                     | Somasila Project                                  | Major                  | A.P                    | 54,650                 | 56                          | 32                                   | 18                                         |
| 30                     | Kaddam Project                                    | Major                  | A.P                    | 27,519                 | 51                          | 36                                   | 18                                         |
| 31                     | Srisailam Project                                 | Major                  | A.P                    | 59,900                 | 50                          | 34                                   | 17                                         |
| 32                     | Narayanapuram Project                             | Medium                 | A.P                    | 15,855                 | 47                          | 32                                   | 15                                         |
| 33                     | Yeleru Project                                    | Major                  | A.P                    | 27,240                 | 50                          | 28                                   | 14                                         |
| 34                     | Nagal Lift Project                                | Major                  | Haryana                | 35,721                 | 48                          | 27                                   | 13                                         |
| 35                     | Upper Manair Project                              | Medium                 | A.P                    | 6,984                  | -                           | -                                    | -                                          |
| Weighted average value | Weighted average value                            | Weighted average value | Weighted average value | Weighted average value | 69                          | 55                                   | 36                                         |

## ANNEXURE-III

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (b) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 743 TO BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 07.12.2023 REGARDING 'IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY'.

## State-wise details of different sources of irrigation in the country for the year 2021-22

(in thousand hectares)

| State/ Union Territory/ Year           | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   | NET AREA IRRIGATEDFROM   |
|----------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
| State/ Union Territory/ Year           | C A N A L                | C A N A L                | S Tanks                  | S Tanks                  | WELLS                    | WELLS                    | Other                    | Net Irrigated            |
| State/ Union Territory/ Year           | GovernmentPrivate        |                          | Total                    |                          | Tube- Wells              | Other Wells              | Sources                  | Area (col. 4 to 8)       |
| (1)                                    | (2)                      | (3)                      | (4)                      | (5)                      | (6)                      | (7)                      | (8) 108                  | (9) 2952                 |
| ANDHRA PRADESH                         | 1344                     |                          | 1344                     | 310                      | 1162                     | 28                       |                          |                          |
| ARUNACHAL PRADESH                      |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          | 63                       | 63                       |
| ASSAM                                  | 101                      | 10                       | 112                      | 7                        | 105                      | 52                       | 162                      | 438                      |
| BIHAR                                  | 967                      |                          | 967                      | 53                       | 1924                     | 23                       | 116                      | 3082                     |
| CHHATTISGARH                           | 899                      | 0                        | 899                      | 25                       | 610                      | 12                       | 59                       | 1604                     |
| GOA                                    | 8                        |                          | 8                        | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        | 7                        | 15                       |
| GUJARAT                                | 1604                     |                          | 1604                     | 239                      | 1874                     | 1693                     | 386                      | 5796                     |
| HARYANA                                | 1237                     |                          | 1237                     |                          | 2342                     |                          |                          | 3579                     |
| HIMACHAL PRADESH                       | 5                        |                          | 5                        | 0                        | 28                       | 3                        | 75                       | 111                      |
| JHARKHAND                              | 4                        |                          | 4                        | 90                       | 19                       | 71                       | 94                       | 279                      |
| KARNATAKA                              | 1435                     |                          | 1435                     | 154                      | 2244                     | 321                      | 768                      | 4920                     |
| KERALA                                 | 72                       | 0                        | 73                       | 48                       | 45                       | 122                      | 116                      | 403                      |
| MADHYAPRADESH                          | 1824                     |                          | 1824                     | 512                      | 5015                     | 3056                     | 2495                     | 12903                    |
| MAHARASHTRA*                           | 1033                     |                          | 1033                     |                          | 2070                     |                          |                          | 3103                     |
| MANIPUR*                               |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          | 62                       | 62                       |
| MEGHALAYA                              | 84                       | 18                       | 102                      |                          |                          |                          |                          | 102                      |
| MIZORAM                                | 2                        | 14                       | 16                       |                          |                          |                          |                          | 16                       |
| NAGALAND                               |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          | 49                       | 49                       |
| ODISHA                                 |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          | 1238                     | 1238                     |
| PUNJAB                                 | 1160                     |                          | 1160                     |                          | 2953                     |                          |                          | 4113                     |
| RAJASTHAN                              | 2056                     |                          | 2056                     | 39                       | 4457                     | 2157                     | 215                      | 8924                     |
| SIKKIM*                                |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          | 14                       | 14                       |
| TAMIL NADU                             | 684                      | 0                        | 684                      | 410                      | 546                      | 1285                     | 5                        | 2930                     |
| TELANGANA                              | 2085                     |                          | 2085                     | 222                      | 834                      | 207                      | 29                       | 3376                     |
| TRIPURA                                | 7                        |                          | 7                        | 2                        | 8                        | 1                        | 71                       | 89                       |
| UTTARAKHAND                            | 65                       | 1                        | 66                       | 0                        | 226                      | 2                        | 21                       | 315                      |
| UTTAR PRADESH                          | 2204                     |                          | 2204                     | 85                       | 10299                    | 1269                     | 84                       | 13941                    |
| WEST BENGAL                            |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          | 3127                     | 3127                     |
| ANDAMAN &NICOBAR ISLANDS*              |                          |                          |                          | 0                        |                          | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| CHANDIGARH                             |                          |                          |                          |                          | 0                        |                          |                          | 0                        |
| DADAR AND NAGAR HAVELIANDDAMAN AND DIU | 0                        |                          | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        | 1                        | 0                        | 2                        |
| DADRA&NAGAR HAVELI                     |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |
| DAMAN&DIU                              |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |
| DELHI                                  | 2                        |                          | 2                        |                          | 18                       | 0                        | 1                        | 22                       |
| JAMMU &KASHMIR                         | 163                      | 104                      | 267                      | 10                       | 8                        | 7                        | 22                       | 315                      |
| LADAKH                                 | 3                        | 17                       | 20                       |                          |                          |                          | 0                        | 20                       |
| LAKSHADWEEP                            |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |
| PUDUCHERRY                             | 5                        |                          | 5                        |                          | 9                        |                          | 0                        | 14                       |
| ALL INDIA                              | 19054                    | 164                      | 19218                    | 2205                     | 36797                    | 10308                    | 9387                     | 77916                    |

* Provisional

Note:'0' relates to the area below 500 Hectares

Blank space denotes not available or no reporting of data from the States/UTs

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.

*****