Lok Sabha Question No. 38 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-12-04
Subject: Increasing levles of Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: (Dr.) Ram Shankar Katheria, Ramya  Haridas, Ramcharan Bohra

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 38

TO BE ANSWERED ON 04.12.2023

## Increasing levles of Pollution

## 38. DR. RAM SHANKAR KATHERIA:

MS. RAMYA HARIDAS:

SHRI RAMCHARAN BOHRA:

Will  the  Minister  of  ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has taken any steps to deal with the problem of pollution which is becoming serious on a day to day basis in the country including State of Rajasthan;
- (b) if  so,  the  details  of  action  plans  implemented  by  the  Government  to  overcome  the problem of pollution in the country including the State of Rajasthan;
- (c) the extent to which success has been achieved as a result thereof; and
- (d) the details of the precautionary measures taken/being taken by the Government keeping in  view  the  fact  that  children  are  more  vulnerable  to  air  pollution  and  around  6  lakh children die prematurely every year beacuse of polluted air?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

## (a) to (c)

Government has launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 2019 as a national level strategy to reduce air pollution levels across the country including Rajasthan. Non-attainment cities have been identified based on ambient air quality levels exceeding National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) which were notified to protect human health. City Specific Clean Air Action Plans have been prepared and rolled out for implementation in 131 non-attainment and  million  plus  cities  including  5  cities  of  Rajasthan  (Alwar,  Udaipur  Jodhpur,  Jaipur  and Kota). The city specific clean air action plans target city specific air polluting sources like Soil & Road Dust, Vehicles, Domestic Fuel, MSW Burning, Construction Material and Industries.

Further,  Steps  taken  by  Govt.  for  air  quality  improvement  in  India  including  Rajasthan  is attached at Annexure - I .

90 cities  out  of  131  cities  have  shown  improvement  in  air  quality  in  terms  of  annual  PM10 concentrations in FY 2022-23 with respect to the baseline of FY 2017-18. 15 cities have met National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards  (NAAQS)  for  PM10  (60  µg/m3)  in  FY  2022-23. Details of air quality of 131 cities are enclosed at Annexure-II .

(d) Many studies by different Organizations have been published from time to time, estimating mortality,  morbidity,  life  expectancy,  etc.  attributable  to  air  pollution  based  on  models  and simulations. Also these studies are based on secondary data and extrapolation of findings based on small sample size to a larger population. These estimates do not depict the actual status as there  are  no  conclusive  data  available  in  the  country  to  establish  direct  correlation  of  death/ disease  exclusively  due  to  pollution.  Health  effects  of  pollution,  including  air  pollution,  are synergistic  manifestation  of  factors  which  include  food  habits,  occupational  habits,  socioeconomic status, medical history, immunity, heredity, etc., of the individuals.

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is launched as a national level strategy to reduce air pollution levels and other steps taken by Govt. for air quality improvement in India including Rajasthan is attached at Annexure - I.

*****

## List of Steps taken for improvement of air quality

## ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

## 1.0 National Clean Air Programme:

-  National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) has been launched by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in January 2019 with an aim to improve air quality in 131 cities (non-attainment cities and Million Plus Cities) in 24 States by engaging all stakeholders.
-  NCAP envisages reduction  by 20-30% in PM 10 concentration over baseline in year 2017 by 2024. Target has been revised to achieve reduction in PM10 level up to 40% or achievement of national standards (60 µg/m 3 ) by 2025-26.
-  City Action Plans (CAPs) have been prepared by all 131 cities and being implemented by Urban Local Bodies.
-  The city specific clean air action plans target city specific air polluting sources like Soil &  Road  Dust,  Vehicles,  Domestic  Fuel,  MSW  Burning,  Construction  Material  and Industries
-  Performance based financial support is being provided to these131 cities for implementation of activities of City Action Plan.
-  Further,  funding  for  implementation  of  CAPs  is  being  mobilised  through  convergence  of resources from various schemes of Central Government such as Swachh Bharat Mission SBM (Urban),  Atal  Mission  for  Rejuvenation  and  Urban  Transformation  (AMRUT),  Smart  City Mission, Sustainable Alternative towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT), Faster Adoption and  Manufacturing  of  Hybrid  and  Electric  Vehicles  (FAME-II),  Nagar  Van  Yojna,  etc.  and resources from State/UT Governments and its agencies such as Municipal Corporation, Urban Development authorities and Industrial development authorities etc.
-  Public  Grievance  Redressal  Portal  (PGRP)/helpline  have  been  developed  by  all  131 cities to address public complaints of air pollution in timely manner.
-  Emergency Response System (ERS/ GRAP) have been developed by all 131cities for taking action in air emergencies
-  88 cities  out  of  131  cities  have  shown  improvement  in air  quality  in  terms of  annual PM10 concentrations in FY 2022-23 with respect to the baseline of FY 2017-18.

## 2.0 Measures for control of vehicular emissions:

-  Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards since 1st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi and from 1 st  April, 2020 for the rest of the country.
-  RFID  (radio-frequency  identity) system  implemented  by  South  Delhi  Municipal Corporation  (SDMC)  for  collection  of  toll  and  Environment  Compensation  Charges from commercial vehicles entering Delhi.
-  Introduction of BS VI compliant vehicles across the country since April, 2020.
-  Department  of  Heavy  Industry  is  providing  subsidy  on  e-vehicles  under Faster Adoption  and  Manufacture  of (Hybrid &) Electric  Vehicles in  India  (FAME  -II India) scheme.
-  Sustainable  Alternative  Towards  Affordable  Transportation  (SATAT) has  been launched as an initiative to set up Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) production plants and make CBG available in the market for use in automotive fuels.
-  Operationalization of Expressways & Highways to divert non-destined traffic

## 3.0 Measures for control of industrial emission:

-  Notification  regarding  SO2  and  NOx  emission  standards have  been  issued  for Thermal Power Plants.
-  Ban on use of pet coke and furnace oil as fuel in NCR States since October 24, 2017 and ban on use of imported pet coke in the country since July 26, 2018, with exception for use in permitted processes.

## 4.0 Measures for control of emissions from Stubble Burning:

-  Under Central Sector Scheme on 'Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization for in-situ management of Crop Residue in the States of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and NCT of Delhi', agricultural machines and equipment for in-situ crop residue management are promoted with 50%  subsidy to the individual farmers and 80%  subsidy for establishment  of  Custom Hiring Centers. In  2022,  the Scheme  has  been  merged  with Sub-Mission  on  Agricultural  Mechanization  (SMAM)  and  SMAM  has  been  merged with RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY).
-  The Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM) on 17.09.2021 directed the coal-based Thermal Power plants situated up to a radius of 300  Km of  Delhi  to  co-fire  biomass  based  Pellets,  Torrefied  Pellets/Briquettes  (with focus on paddy straw) with Coal (up to 5-10%).
-  Coal based captive Thermal Power Plants in NCR and adjoining areas directed to cofire  at  least  5%  biomass  pellets  by  30.09.2023  and  at  least  10%  biomass  pellets  by 31.12.2023.

## Actions taken by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

## 1.0 Air Quality Monitoring and Network

-  National  Air  Quality  Index  (AQI) was  launched  in  2015.  Information  is  being disseminated to public through daily air quality bulletins.
-  Ambient Air Quality Network : The country has a network of 1447 ambient air quality monitoring stations (516 continuous and 931 manual) covering 516 cities in 28 states and 7 UTs.
-  A  Central  Control  Room is  operated  by  Central  Pollution  Control  Board  wherein, hour  to  hour  tracking  of  various  information  such  as PM concentrations,  Live  Air Quality Data of Monitoring stations, Live Air Quality Index is available. Further, Air Quality Forecast is also available for Delhi-NCR .
-  AQI is monitored along with other parameters and is published on the website in the form of AQI Bulletin after analysis. The links for the same have been made available to CAQM for consideration and deciding on urgent actions for control of pollution in Delhi-NCR.

## 2.0 Measures for control of vehicular refueling emissions

-  Installation  of  Vapour  Recovery  System  (VRS)  in  new  and  existing  petrol  pumps selling  gasoline  >100kl  per month  in  million plus  cities  and those selling  >300kl  per month in cities with population between 1 lakh to 1 million.
-  Directions issued to M/s IOCL, M/s BPCL, M/s HPCL, M/s RIL, M/s Shell and M/s Nayara for installation of VRS as per above mentioned criteria

## 3.0 Measures for control of industrial emission

-  For  strengthening  monitoring  mechanism  and  effective  compliance  through  selfregulatory mechanism, CPCB directed all 17 categories of highly polluting industries to istall  OCEMS.  There are  4,315  units  under  17  categories  of  industries,  out  of  which 3,734 units have installed OCEMS and closure directions are still in-force for 581 units.
-  The Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India  notifies  industry  specific  discharge  standards  under  Schedule-I:  'Standards  for Emission  or  Discharge  of Environmental  Pollutants  from  various Industries' of Environment Protection Act, 1986. So far, industry specific environmental standards, for  79  industrial  sectors  (including  emission  standards  for  56  sectors)  have  been notified.  Industrial  sectors,  for  which  specific  standards  are  not  available,  general standards as notified under Schedule-VI of Environment Protection Rules,  1986 shall be applicable.
-  Installation  of Online  Continuous  Emission  Monitoring  System  (OCEMS)  in  red category air polluting industries in Delhi-NCR
-  Industrial  units  in  Delhi  have  shifted  to  PNG/cleaner  fuels  and,  operational  units  in NCR have shifted to PNG/Biomass.
-  Shifting of all operational brick kilns to zig-zag technology in Delhi and NCR.
-  CPCB has come out with System and Procedure for Emission Compliance Testing of Retro-fit Emission Control Devices (RECD) for Diesel Power Generating Set Engines up to Gross Mechanical Power 800 kW.

## 4.0 Measures for Control of Emissions from Stubble Burning

-  CPCB  framed guidelines for promoting setting up of paddy straw based pelletization and Torrefaction plants which may help in addressing the supply chain issues.  Scheme  will  address  the  issue  of  open  burning  of  paddy  straw  in  agriculture fields  in  Northern  Region.  A  corpus  of  Rs.  50  crore  has  been  sanctioned  from  EPC funds. Assuming complete utilization of the corpus, over 0.5 million metric tonnes of paddy straw based pellets are expected to be generated every year.
-  CPCB has issued an addendum under which one-time financial assistance is provided to Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and ZillaParishads of the states of Punjab, Haryana,  NCT  of  Delhi  and  NCR  districts  of  Uttar  Pradesh  and  Rajasthan,  for establishing  paddy  straw  based  briquetting  plants  for  use  of  briquettes  for  cremation purpose only.
-  Daily monitoring of Active Fire Events (AFEs) is done during stubble burning period and  reports  are  shared  with  Commission  on  Air  Quality  Management  in  National Capital Region and Adjoining areas for suitable action.

## 5.0 MSW and C&D Waste:

-  CPCB published guidelines (available on
1. Environmental Management of Construction & Demolition (C & D) Wastes' in March, 2017
2. 'Guidelines on DUST Mitigation Measures in Handling Construction Material & C&D Wastes' in November 2017.
3. Disposal  of  legacy  waste  by  bio-mining  and  bio-remediation  to  address  open burning and landfill fires
-  CPCB has issued direction to all SPCBs/ PCCs for deployment of Anti-Smog Gun and implementation  of  adequate  dust  mitigation  measures  at  construction  projects/  sites having area more than 20,000 sq. meters.
-  CPCB  has  issued  directions  under  Section  5  of  E(P)  Act  to  all  SPCBs/PCCs  for implementation  of  SWM  Rules,  2016  with  reference  to  fire  incidents  at  MSW dumpsites.
-  All these guidelines and Directions are available on CPCB website to be implemented by SPCBs/PCCs

## 6.0 Technical Interventions

-  Research  projects  are  being  carried  out  by  CPCB  in  collaboration  with  premier institutions  like  IIT,  NEERI,  etc.  under  Environment  Protection  Charge  (EPC)  funds which provide scientific inputs for  taking focused action towards  improvement  in air quality  of  Delhi  NCR.  Based  on  the  results  of  one  such  project,  advisory  has  been issued  to  State  Boards  to  use dust  suppressant, along  with  water  to  control  dust  at unpaved roads, roads with heavy traffic and construction sites, as about 30% reduction in dust concentration was observed up to 6 hours after application of dust suppressant.
-  CPCB issues a daily report comprising of AQI of Delhi and NCR towns, comparative AQI status,  year-wise  trends  of  PM  concentration,  hotspots  for  the  day, AFE  counts, contribution  of  stubble  burning  and  meteorological  forecast.  This  report  is  prepared based on the inputs available from various sources such as IMD, SAFAR, IARI, etc., and disseminated through CPCB website.

## 6.0 Close Monitoring & Ground level implementation

-  Central Pollution Control Board has been continuously deploying d edicated  CPCB's teams on the field during the winter season from 2017 onwards to check on-ground scenario of air pollution related activities and refer these to implementing agencies for necessary action.
-  03.12.2021 onwards 40 officers of CPCB have been deployed as flying squads , for conducting incognito inspection of industries, construction sites etc. in various areas of Delhi  NCR.  Based  on  CPCB  reports,  further  action  is  taken  by  Commission  on  Air Quality  Management  in  National  Capital  Region  and  Adjoining  areas  (CAQM) including issuance of closure directions.

## 7.0 Regular Stakeholder Consultation, Public & Media Outreach

-  Continuous  interactions  and  coordination  with  government  bodies,  public  agencies, urban local bodies for assessment of mitigation measures and to combat air pollution through review meetings for air quality management in Delhi-NCR. 41 review meetings convened as on date.
-  Twitter  and  Facebook  accounts  have  been  created  for  public  outreach  and complaint redressal is closely monitoring the complaints on SAMEER app and social media  platforms  (Twitter  &  Facebook).  Sameer  and  social  media  complaints  are resolved  through  enforcement  agencies  and  redressal  status  are  being  shared  with respective agencies.
-  Dedicated  media  corner on  CPCB  website  informs  latest  developments  and  actions taken.

## 8.0 Regulatory Actions

-  Directions prescribing measures for control of pollution from various sources such as implementation  of  RECD  system/  dual  fuel  kits  in  DG  sets,  use  of  cleaner  fuels  in industries, shift to EV/ CNG/ BS VI diesel fuel in transport sector, implementation of dust control measures at C&D sites etc., have been issued by CAQM, wherein CPCB is
- also  a  member  and  provided  technical  inputs  to  CAQM.  Further,  policy  to  curb  air pollution in NCR has also been formulated.
-  Graded  Response  Action  Plan  (GRAP)  was  prepared  for  implementation  under different  Air  Quality  Index  (AQI)  categories in  pursuant  to  the  Hon'ble  Supreme Court's Order dated December 02, 2016.
-  CPCB prepared a revised GRAP, based on which, a revised GRAP has been published by CAQM on 05.08.2022, which has come into effect from 01.10.2022. GRAP revised again  on  06.10.2023.  CPCB  is  also  a  member  of  the  sub-committee  responsible  for invoking various provisions under GRAP.

## 10.0 Other actions

-  In order to control road dust emissions, CPCB is funding NCR ULBs for construction/ repair  of  roads  and  procurement  of  anti-smog  guns  and  Mechanical  road  sweepers under EPC funds,
-  In order to control DG set emissions, CPCB is funding retrofitment/ upgradation of DG sets in Govt. hospitals in Delhi-NCR under EPC funds.

## Actions taken in Rajasthan under NCAP

-  There are  total  05  non-attainment cites  in  Rajasthan,  out  of  which  02  cities  Alwar and Udaipur are funded under National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) and 03 cities Jodhpur, Jaipur and Kota are funded under Fifteenth Finance Commission (XV-FC).
-  City Action Plans for improvement in air quality have been rolled out for implementation in all the 05 identified cities.
-  Public Grievance Redressal System (PGRS) and Emergency Response System (ERS) have been developed for all NACs.
-  Source Apportionment (SA) study is completed in one city i.e. Jaipur and in other four cities it is in progress. The study will help in identifying the sources and extent of their contribution in the air.
-  State Action Plan (SAP) is submitted by Rajasthan State, CPCB reviewed it and sent its comments, revised SAP is awaited.
-  It has been observed that annual average concentration of PM10 has been reduced in all  5  cities  of  Rajasthan  State  in  FY  2022-23  as  compared  to  FY  2017-18,  but increased in comparison to previous FY 21-22.
-  Under NCAP, a total amount of Rs. 47.72 Cr has been released to Rajasthan Pollution Control Board till  FY  2022-23 and total Rs. 19.20 Cr have been  utilized  (40.2%) for implementation of City action plan in 5 NAC's of Rajasthan.
-  Under 15th Finance Commission (XV-FC) grant, a total amount of Rs 489.44 Cr has been released to Jaipur, Kota and Jodhpur for air quality improvement in FY 2020-21, FY 2021-22 & FY 2022-23 and total Rs. 145.04 Cr have been utilized (29.6%).
-  Thus, so far total about Rs 529.57 Cr have been released under NCAP and XV-FC grant to NACs of Rajasthan for improvement of air quality and out of it, Rs 164.25 Cr have been utilized (about 31%).



The major significant work done for the improvement of Air Quality from Approved City Action Plan (CAP) of cities are as follows:

- a. End-to-end paving of roads along with black-topping and maintaining potholes free roads.
- b. Greening of traffic corridors, open areas, gardens, community places, schools and housing societies.
- c. Creation of public awareness on pollution source and control measures.
- d. To  create  multiple  separate  space/zones  to  handle  C&D  waste  in  the  city  and specify waste collection capacity in TPD.
- e. Lifting of solid waste generated from disilting and cleaning of municipal drains for its disposal.
- f. Regular cleaning of street surfaces and spraying of water to suppress dust.
- g. Regular collection, segregation and scientific disposal of waste
- h. Remove road dust/silt regularly by using mechanical sweepers.

Annexure-II Air quality data of 131 cities covered under National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

| States           |        | Cities            | 2017-2018                                    | 2022-2023                                    | Percentage improvement in PM10 concentrations with respect to base year 2017 - 18 (%)   |
|------------------|--------|-------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| States           | S. No. | Cities            | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) |                                                                                         |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 1      | Anantpur          | 78                                           | 57                                           | 26.92                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 2      | Chittur           | 70                                           | 52                                           | 25.71                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 3      | Eluru             | 72                                           | 66                                           | 8.33                                                                                    |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 4      | Guntur            | 66                                           | 60                                           | 9.09                                                                                    |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 5      | Kadapa            | 75                                           | 57                                           | 24.00                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 6      | Kurnool           | 79                                           | 64                                           | 18.99                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 7      | Nellore           | 64                                           | 56                                           | 12.50                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 8      | Ongole            | 65                                           | 51                                           | 21.54                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 9      | Rajamahendravaram | 85                                           | 68                                           | 20.00                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 10     | Srikakulam        | 69                                           | 71                                           | -2.90                                                                                   |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 11     | Vijayawada        | 91                                           | 90                                           | 1.10                                                                                    |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 12     | Visakhapatnam     | 76                                           | 116                                          | -52.63                                                                                  |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 13     | Vizhianagaram     | 72                                           | 75                                           | -4.17                                                                                   |
| Assam            | 14     | Guwahati          | 103                                          | 106                                          | -2.91                                                                                   |
| Assam            | 15     | Nagaon            | 82                                           | 121                                          | -47.56                                                                                  |
| Assam            | 16     | Nalbari           | 87                                           | 128                                          | -47.13                                                                                  |
| Assam            | 17     | Silchar           | 49                                           | 49                                           | 0.00                                                                                    |
| Assam            | 18     | Sivasagar         | 73                                           | 42                                           | 42.47                                                                                   |
| Bihar            | 19     | Patna             | 172                                          | 193                                          | -12.21                                                                                  |
| Bihar            | 20     | Gaya              | 79                                           | 150                                          | -89.87                                                                                  |
| Bihar            | 21     | Muzaffarpur       | 147                                          | 175                                          | -19.05                                                                                  |
| Chandi-garh      | 22     | Chandigarh        | 114                                          | 116                                          | -1.75                                                                                   |
| Chhattis- garh   | 23     | Korba             | 57                                           | 70                                           | -22.81                                                                                  |
|                  | 24     | Durg Bhilainagar  | 86                                           | 70                                           | 18.60                                                                                   |
|                  | 25     | Raipur            | 70                                           | 78                                           | -11.43                                                                                  |
| Delhi            | 26     | Delhi             | 241                                          | 209                                          | 13.28                                                                                   |
| Gujarat          | 27     | Ahmedabad         | 164                                          | 91                                           | 44.51                                                                                   |
| Gujarat          | 28     | Rajkot            | 150                                          | 92                                           | 38.67                                                                                   |
| Gujarat          | 29     | Surat             | 130                                          | 118                                          | 9.23                                                                                    |
| Gujarat          | 30     | Vadodara          | 133                                          | 104                                          | 21.80                                                                                   |
| Haryana          | 31     | Faridabad*        | 229                                          | 212                                          | 7.42                                                                                    |
| Himachal Pradesh | 32     | Baddi             | 174                                          | 145                                          | 16.67                                                                                   |
| Himachal Pradesh | 33     | Damtal            | 55                                           | 64                                           | -16.36                                                                                  |
|                  | 34     | Kala Amb          | 118                                          | 93                                           | 21.19                                                                                   |

| States         |        | Cities               | 2017-2018                                    | 2022-2023                                    | Percentage improvement in PM10 concentrations with respect to base year 2017 - 18 (%)   |
|----------------|--------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| States         | S. No. | Cities               | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) |                                                                                         |
|                | 35     | Nalagarh             | 146                                          | 78                                           | 46.58                                                                                   |
|                | 36     | Paonta Sahib         | 84                                           | 103                                          | -22.62                                                                                  |
|                | 37     | Parwanoo             | 66                                           | 47                                           | 28.79                                                                                   |
|                | 38     | Sunder Nagar         | 78                                           | 46                                           | 41.03                                                                                   |
| Jammu& Kashmir | 39     | Jammu                | 157                                          | 158                                          | -0.64                                                                                   |
| Jammu& Kashmir | 40     | Srinagar*            | 132                                          | 88                                           | 33.33                                                                                   |
|                | 41     | Dhanbad              | 315                                          | 203                                          | 35.56                                                                                   |
|                | 42     | Jamshedpur           | 135                                          | 126                                          | 6.67                                                                                    |
|                | 43     | Ranchi               | 141                                          | 107                                          | 24.11                                                                                   |
|                | 44     | Bengaluru            | 92                                           | 68                                           | 26.09                                                                                   |
|                | 45     | Devangere            | 74                                           | 61                                           | 17.57                                                                                   |
|                | 46     | Gulburga / Kalaburgi | 55                                           | 74                                           | -34.55                                                                                  |
|                | 47     | Hubli-Dharwad        | 79                                           | 76                                           | 3.80                                                                                    |
|                | 48     | Bhopal               | 112                                          | 124                                          | -10.71                                                                                  |
|                | 49     | Dewas                | 83                                           | 105                                          | -26.51                                                                                  |
|                | 50     | Gwalior              | 126                                          | 145                                          | -15.08                                                                                  |
|                | 51     | Indore               | 82                                           | 109                                          | -32.93                                                                                  |
|                | 52     | Jabalpur             | 101                                          | 125                                          | -23.76                                                                                  |
|                | 53     | Sagar                | 73                                           | 83                                           | -13.70                                                                                  |
|                | 54     | Ujjain               | 93                                           | 111                                          | -19.35                                                                                  |
|                | 55     | Aurangabad           | 75                                           | 107                                          | -42.67                                                                                  |
|                | 56     | Akola                | 111                                          | 62                                           | 44.14                                                                                   |
|                | 57     | Amravati             | 102                                          | 68                                           | 33.33                                                                                   |
|                | 58     | Badlapur             | 160                                          | 146                                          | 8.75                                                                                    |
|                | 59     | Chandrapur           | 118                                          | 121                                          | -2.54                                                                                   |
|                | 60     | Greater Mumbai       | 161                                          | 116                                          | 27.95                                                                                   |
|                | 61     | Jalgaon              | 70                                           | 66                                           | 5.71                                                                                    |
|                | 62     | Jalna                | 99                                           | 93                                           | 6.06                                                                                    |
|                | 63     | Kolhapur             | 89                                           | 80                                           | 10.11                                                                                   |
|                | 64     | Latur                | 82                                           | 53                                           | 35.37                                                                                   |
|                | 65     | Nagpur               | 100                                          | 97                                           | 3.00                                                                                    |
|                | 66     | Nashik               | 82                                           | 62                                           | 24.39                                                                                   |
|                | 67     | Navi Mumbai          | 88                                           | 102                                          | -15.91                                                                                  |
|                | 68     | Pune                 | 102                                          | 96                                           | 5.88                                                                                    |
|                | 69     | Sangli               | 87                                           | 69                                           | 20.69                                                                                   |

| States     |        | Cities              | 2017-2018                                    | 2022-2023                                    | Percentage improvement in PM10 concentrations with respect to base year 2017 - 18 (%)   |
|------------|--------|---------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| States     | S. No. | Cities              | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) |                                                                                         |
|            | 70     | Solapur             | 81                                           | 76                                           | 6.17                                                                                    |
|            | 71     | Thane               | 138                                          | 115                                          | 16.67                                                                                   |
|            | 72     | Ulhasnagar          | 153                                          | 128                                          | 16.34                                                                                   |
|            | 73     | Vasai virar*        | 99                                           | 155                                          | -56.57                                                                                  |
| Megha-laya | 74     | Byrnihat            | 175                                          | 131                                          | 25.14                                                                                   |
| Nagaland   | 75     | Dimapur             | 142                                          | 91                                           | 35.92                                                                                   |
| Nagaland   | 76     | Kohima              | 127                                          | 72                                           | 43.31                                                                                   |
| Odisha     | 77     | Angul               | 97                                           | 98                                           | -1.03                                                                                   |
| Odisha     | 78     | Balasore            | 84                                           | 82                                           | 2.38                                                                                    |
| Odisha     | 79     | Bhubneshwar         | 85                                           | 118                                          | -38.82                                                                                  |
| Odisha     | 80     | Cuttack             | 93                                           | 105                                          | -12.90                                                                                  |
| Odisha     | 81     | Kalinga Nagar       | 109                                          | 104                                          | 4.59                                                                                    |
| Odisha     | 82     | Rourkela            | 99                                           | 126                                          | -27.27                                                                                  |
| Odisha     | 83     | Talcher             | 113                                          | 93                                           | 17.70                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 84     | Amritsar            | 189                                          | 120                                          | 36.51                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 85     | Dera Baba Nanak     | 79                                           | 58                                           | 26.58                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 86     | DeraBassi           | 88                                           | 104                                          | -18.18                                                                                  |
| Punjab     | 87     | Jalandhar           | 178                                          | 126                                          | 29.21                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 88     | Khanna              | 142                                          | 103                                          | 27.46                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 89     | Ludhiana            | 168                                          | 163                                          | 2.98                                                                                    |
| Punjab     | 90     | MandiGobindgarh     | 148                                          | 131                                          | 11.49                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 91     | NayaNangal          | 87                                           | 63                                           | 27.59                                                                                   |
| Punjab     | 92     | Patiala             | 106                                          | 103                                          | 2.83                                                                                    |
| Rajasthan  | 93     | Jaipur              | 172                                          | 143                                          | 16.86                                                                                   |
| Rajasthan  | 94     | Alwar               | 152                                          | 116                                          | 23.68                                                                                   |
| Rajasthan  | 95     | Jodhpur             | 189                                          | 146                                          | 22.75                                                                                   |
| Rajasthan  | 96     | Kota Udaipur        | 139 127                                      | 128 128                                      | 7.91                                                                                    |
| Tamil Nadu | 97     | Chennai             | 66                                           | 66                                           | -0.79 0.00                                                                              |
|            | 98     | Madurai             | 72                                           | 68                                           | 5.56                                                                                    |
|            | 99     |                     |                                              |                                              | 46.59                                                                                   |
|            | 100    | Trichy              | 88                                           | 47                                           |                                                                                         |
|            | 101    | Tuticorin Hyderabad | 123                                          | 54                                           | 56.10 24.55                                                                             |
| Telan-gana | 102    |                     | 110                                          | 83                                           |                                                                                         |
| Telan-gana | 104    | Patencheru          | 74                                           | 80                                           | -8.11                                                                                   |
|            | 105    |                     |                                              |                                              |                                                                                         |
|            |        | Sangareddy          | 85                                           | 86                                           | -1.18                                                                                   |

|        | Cities      | 2017-2018                                    | 2022-2023                                    | Percentage improvement in PM10 concentrations with respect to base year 2017 - 18 (%)   |
|--------|-------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S. No. |             | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM10 (µg/m3) |                                                                                         |
| 106    | Agra        | 202                                          | 118                                          | 41.58                                                                                   |
| 107    | Allahabad   | 169                                          | 125                                          | 26.04                                                                                   |
| 108    | Ghaziabad   | 285                                          | 198                                          | 30.53                                                                                   |
| 109    | Kanpur      | 227                                          | 143                                          | 37.00                                                                                   |
| 110    | Lucknow     | 253                                          | 149                                          | 41.11                                                                                   |
| 111    | Meerut      | 159                                          | 177                                          | -11.32                                                                                  |
| 112    | Varanasi    | 230                                          | 94                                           | 59.13                                                                                   |
| 113    | Anpara      | 175                                          | 166                                          | 5.14                                                                                    |
| 114    | Bareily     | 207                                          | 110                                          | 46.86                                                                                   |
| 115    | Firozabad   | 247                                          | 106                                          | 57.09                                                                                   |
| 116    | Gajraula    | 204                                          | 194                                          | 4.90                                                                                    |
| 117    | Gorakpur    | 150                                          | 102                                          | 32.00                                                                                   |
| 118    | Jhansi      | 109                                          | 118                                          | -8.26                                                                                   |
| 119    | Khurja      | 195                                          | 150                                          | 23.08                                                                                   |
| 120    | Moradabad   | 222                                          | 116                                          | 47.75                                                                                   |
| 121    | Noida       | 229                                          | 202                                          | 11.79                                                                                   |
| 122    | Raebareli   | 145                                          | 102                                          | 29.66                                                                                   |
| 123    | Dehradun    | 250                                          | 117                                          | 53.20                                                                                   |
| 124    | Kashipur    | 99                                           | 112                                          | -13.13                                                                                  |
| 125    | Rishikesh   | 129                                          | 103                                          | 20.16                                                                                   |
| 126    | Asansol     | 147                                          | 147                                          | 0.00                                                                                    |
| 127    | Barrackpore | 86                                           | 84                                           | 2.33                                                                                    |
| 128    | Durgapur    | 150                                          | 139                                          | 7.33                                                                                    |
| 129    | Haldia      | 92                                           | 91                                           | 1.09                                                                                    |
| 130    | Howrah      | 139                                          | 125                                          | 10.07                                                                                   |
| 131    | Kolkata     | 147                                          | 97                                           | 34.01                                                                                   |

Note:  *  For  air  quality  data  of  Faridabad,  baseline  data  of  FY  2020-21  was  considered  as baseline data for FY 2017-18 was not collected.

*For air quality data of Srinagar, baseline data of FY 2018-19 was considered as baseline data for FY 2017-18 was not collected

* For air quality data of Vasai-verar, baseline is FY 2019-20 was considered as baseline data for FY 2017-18 was not collected.