Lok Sabha Question No. 735 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-07-25
Subject: Rural Migration
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Ashok Mahadeorao Nete

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 735 ANSWERED ON 25/07/2023

## RURAL MIGRATION

## 735.  SHRI ASHOK MAHADEORAO NETE:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether rural population of the country is rapidly migrating to cities;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the steps being taken by the Government to arrest the said migration?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SADHVI NIRANJAN JYOTI)

(a) to (c): Migration of workers in search of work from one place to another is a normal phenomenon. As per the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), NSS 64th Round report, migration rates rural, for the period 1983 to 2007-08, from different NSS rounds are as under:

| All-India (Rural)             | All-India (Rural)                  |
|-------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| Round(Year)                   | Migration Rates (per 1000 persons) |
| 64th (July 2007-June 2008)    | 261                                |
| 55th (July 1999-June 2000)    | 244                                |
| 49th (January- June,1993)     | 228                                |
| 43rd (July 1987- June 88)     | 232                                |
| 38th (January- December,1983) | 209                                |

The  problems  of  migration  of  rural  population  are  sought  to  be addressed  through  multi-dimensional  course  of  action  such  as provision of improved infrastructural facilities, equitable dispersal of resources  to  remove  regional  disparities,  employment  generation, imparting of skills, encouraging entrepreneurial activity, undertaking land  reforms,  enhancing  literacy,  and  providing  easy access to financial assistance & credit facilities etc.

So  far  as  the  Ministry  of  Rural  Development  is  concerned,  it  is implementing  various  rural  development  schemes  for  creating employment  opportunities and rural infrastructure. All these measures  encourage  people  to  stay  in  rural  areas,  earn  their livelihood  and  raise  their  quality  of  life  near  their  places  of residence  and  hence  act  as  a  deterrent  to  distress  migration  of rural  population  to  cities.  Some  of  the  schemes  that  have  a positive impact on reducing migration are:

- i.  Under  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), guaranteed wage employment of 100 days in a financial year is provided to a rural household whose adult members are willing to take up manual work. Further, an additional 50 days of wage  employment  is  provided  over  and  above  100  days  in  the notified drought affected areas or natural calamity affected areas in the  country  on  recommendation  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and Farmers Welfare.
- ii. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM)  is  implemented  with  the  objective  of  providing  selfemployment  to  the  women  members  of  the  rural  poor  families through mobilizing them into Self Help Groups (SHGs).
- iii. Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs) provides for skill development programme for self-employment. This training, with  access  to  Bank  loans,  helps  in  creating  self-employment opportunities at local level.
- iv.  Shyama  Prasad  Mukherji  Rurban  Mission  (SPMRM)  is  aimed  at developing 300 rural growth clusters called 'Rurban Clusters' which have  latent  potential  for  growth,  in  all  States  and  UTs.  These clusters were conceptualized with the objective to bridge the ruralurban  divide,  reduce  migration  from  rural  to  urban  areas  and eventually  facilitate  reverse  migration.   The  scheme  has  been discontinued from the Financial Year 2023-24 onwards.
- v. Pradhan  Mantri  Gram  Sadak  Yojana  (PMGSY)  is  aimed  at providing  connectivity  by  way  of  an  all-weather  road  to  eligible

unconnected habitations in rural areas so that these habitations can have  access  to  basic  health  services,  education  and  markets  for their produce. vi.  Pradhan  mantri  Awaas  Yojana-Gramin  (PMAY-G)  is  aimed  to achieve the objective "Housing for All" by providing 2.95 Crore pucca houses  by  2024,  with  basic  amenities  by  convergence  with  other schemes,  like  electricity,  clean  cooking  gas,  water  connection  and toilets  etc.,  to  all  houseless  households  and  households  living  in kutcha and dilapidated houses in rural areas.

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