Lok Sabha Question No. 2403 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-08-06
Subject: Post Harvest Crop Losses
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Shri Naveen Jindal

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2403

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 06 TH  AUGUST, 2024

## POST HARVEST CROP LOSSES

2403.  SHRI NAVEEN JINDAL:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ͪष एवं ͩकसान कãयाण मंğी be pleased to state:

- (a) the quantum and value of post harvest crop losses during each of the last five years in various categories namely foodgrains, fruits and vegetables, category and year-wise;
- (b) the  details  of  strategies,  programs  and  schemes  being  implemented/planned  to reduce post harvest crop losses in the country;
- (c) the physical and financial targets of each of the strategies, programs and schemes and  actual  achievements  against  the  achievements  during  each  of  the  last  five  years, category and year-wise;
- (d) whether  there  is  any  cost  and  time  over-runs  and  under  achievement  of  physical target of post harvest crop losses; and
- (e) if so, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE FOR AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ ͪष एवं ͩकसान कãयाण राÏय मंğी (SHRI RAMNATH THAKUR)

(a): As  per  the  study  commissioned  by  Ministry  of  Food  Processing  Industries  and carried out by NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS) published in 2022, the quantum of quantitative harvest and post-harvest losses in selected crops were observed to be in the range of 3.89% to 5.92% (cereals), 5.65% to 6.74% (pulses), 2.87% to 7.51% (oil seeds), 6.02% to 15.05% (fruits) and 4.87% to 11.61% (vegetables). The crop wise details are at Annexure-I .

(b) to (e): Government is implementing various schemes under which financial assistance  is  available  for  setting  up  of  cold  storage  for  perishable  horticultural  produce throughout the country.

Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare is implementing Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) under which financial assistance is provided for various horticulture  activities  including  construction/Expansion/  Modernization  of  cold  storages  of capacity up to 5000 MT in the country on the basis of Annual Action Plan (AAP) received from  States/UTs.  AAPs  are  prepared  by  the  States/UTs  based  on  their  requirement, capacity and availability of resources. The component of Cold Storage is demand/entrepreneur driven for which Government assistance in the form of credit linked back ended subsidy is available at the rate of 35% of the project cost in general areas and 50% of the project cost in hilly and scheduled areas through respective State Horticulture Missions.

Under  the  scheme,  assistance  is  available  to  individuals,  Groups  of  farmers/ growers/  consumers,  Partnership/  Proprietary  firms,  Self  Help  Groups  (SHGs),  Farmers Producer  Organization  (FPOs),  Companies,  Corporations,  Cooperatives,  Cooperative Marketing Federations, Local bodies, Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) & Marketing Boards and State Governments.

Besides,  National  Horticulture  Board  (NHB)  is  implementing  a  scheme  namely 'Capital Investment Subsidy for Construction/Expansion /Modernization of Cold Storages and  Storages  for  Horticulture  Products'.  Under  the  scheme,  credit  linked  back-ended subsidy at the rate of 35% of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 50% in case  of  North  East,  hilly  &  scheduled  areas  for  construction/expansion/modernization  of cold storage and Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage of capacity above 5000 MT and up to 10000 MT is available. In case of North East region, the units with capacity above 1000 MT are also eligible for assistance.

Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) implements a Scheme for Integrated Cold Chain, Food Processing and Preservation Infrastructure as one of the components of Pradhan  Mantri  Kisan  Sampada  Yojana  (PMKSY)  with  the  objective  of  reducing  postharvest  losses  of  horticulture  and  non-horticulture  produce  and  providing  remunerative price to farmers for their produce. Under the scheme, Ministry provides financial assistance in the form of grant-in-aid at the rate of 35% for general areas and 50% for North East and Himalayan States, ITDP areas and Islands for storage and transport infrastructure and at the  rate  of  50%  and  75%  respectively  for  value  addition  and  processing  infrastructure subject to a maximum grant-in-aid of Rs. 10.00 crore per project for setting up of integrated cold chain projects including irradiation facility. Standalone cold storages are not covered under the Scheme.

All  the  above  schemes  are  demand/entrepreneur  driven  through  commercial ventures  for  which  government  assistance  is  provided  based  on  the  proposals  received from the States/entrepreneur.

Further,  to  strengthen  agriculture  infrastructure  in  the  country,  Government  has launched Agriculture Infrastructure Funds (AIF) of Rs. 1.00 lakh crore. Under AIF, there is provision for collateral free term loan upto Rs. 2.00 crore and interest subvention of 3% on the term loan availed for creation of post-harvest infrastructure including establishment of cold storages.

State-wise details of cold storages sanctioned under MIDH scheme during last five years are at Annexure - II

## Harvest and post-harvest losses of major agricultural crops and commodities

| Sr. No   | Name of Crops/ commodities   | %average loss   |
|----------|------------------------------|-----------------|
|          | Cereals                      |                 |
| 1.       | Paddy                        | 4.77            |
| 2.       | Wheat                        | 4.17            |
| 3.       | Maize                        | 3.89            |
| 4.       | Bajra                        | 4.37            |
| 5.       | Sorghum                      | 5.92            |
|          | Pulses                       |                 |
| 6.       | Pigeon Pea                   | 5.65            |
| 7.       | Chick Pea                    | 6.74            |
| 8.       | Black Gram                   | 5.83            |
| 9.       | Green Gram                   | 6.19            |
|          | Oilseed                      |                 |
| 10.      | Mustard                      | 4.46            |
| 11.      | Cottonseed                   | 2.87            |
| 12.      | Soybean                      | 7.51            |
| 13.      | Safflower                    | 3.06            |
| 14.      | Sunflower                    | 4.38            |
| 15.      | Groundnut                    | 5.73            |
|          | Fruits                       |                 |
| 16.      | Apple                        | 9.51            |
| 17.      | Banana                       | 7.57            |
| 18.      | Citrus                       | 7.71            |
| 19.      | Grapes                       | 7.15            |
| 20.      | Guava                        | 15.05           |
| 21.      | Mango                        | 8.53            |
| 22.      | Papaya                       | 6.59            |
| 23.      | Sapota                       | 9.53            |
| 24.      | Pineapple                    | 6.02            |
| 25.      | Pomegranate                  | 6.82            |
| 26.      | Muskmelon                    | 6.83            |
|          | Vegetables                   |                 |
| 27.      | Cabbage                      | 8.15            |
| 28.      | Cauliflower                  | 7.89            |
| 29.      | Green Pea                    | 6.43            |
| 30.      | Mushroom                     | 7.20            |
| 31.      | Onion                        | 7.26            |
| 32.      | Potato                       | 5.96            |
| 33.      | Tomato                       | 11.61           |
| 34.      | Tapioca                      | 4.87            |
| 35.      | Bottle gourd                 | 7.01            |
| 36.      | Brinjal                      | 7.41            |
| 37.      | Beans                        | 7.11            |
| 38.      | Radish                       | 6.46            |
| 39.      | Capsicum                     | 5.15            |
| 40.      | Okra                         | 6.01            |
|          | Livestock Produce            |                 |
| 41.      | Egg                          | 6.03            |
| 42.      | Inland Fish                  | 4.86            |

| 43.   | Marine Fish                 | 8.76   |
|-------|-----------------------------|--------|
| 44.   | Meat                        | 2.34   |
| 45.   | Poultry Meat                | 5.63   |
| 46.   | Milk                        | 0.87   |
|       | Plantation Crops and Spices |        |
| 47.   | Arecanut                    | 4.41   |
| 48.   | Cashew nut                  | 3.72   |
| 49.   | Coconut                     | 3.86   |
| 50.   | Sugarcane                   | 7.33   |
| 51.   | Black Pepper                | 1.29   |
| 52.   | Chilli                      | 6.11   |
| 53.   | Coriander                   | 5.32   |
| 54.   | Turmeric                    | 5.36   |

Source: Study  to  determine  Post-Harvest  Losses of Agri.  Produces in  India  commissioned by  MoFPI and carried out by NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS) published in 2022.

Annexure -II State wise Cold Storages sanctioned under MIDH during last five years (2019-20 to 2023-24) (Rs. in Lakh)

| S. No.   | States                         |   No. |   Capacity (MT) |   Assistance |
|----------|--------------------------------|-------|-----------------|--------------|
| 1        | Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 2        | Andhra Pradesh & Telangana     |    56 |          435183 |     10402.5  |
| 3        | Arunachal Pradesh              |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 4        | Assam                          |     4 |           28646 |      1005.64 |
| 5        | Bihar                          |     4 |           14533 |       397.9  |
| 6        | Chandigarh (UT)                |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 7        | Chhattisgarh                   |    25 |           77401 |      2168.8  |
| 8        | Delhi                          |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 9        | Goa                            |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 10       | Gujarat                        |    59 |          244429 |      7215.87 |
| 11       | Haryana                        |    11 |           40179 |      1597.48 |
| 12       | Himachal Pradesh               |     9 |           20374 |      1100.99 |
| 13       | Jammu & Kashmir                |    27 |          131762 |     13400.6  |
| 14       | Jharkhand                      |     1 |            5975 |       227.04 |
| 15       | Karnataka                      |    43 |          255364 |      6417.08 |
| 16       | Kerala                         |     1 |             250 |         7    |
| 17       | Lakshadweep (UT)               |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 18       | Madhya Pradesh                 |     8 |           48640 |      1217.42 |
| 19       | Maharashtra                    |    33 |          153223 |      4172.1  |
| 20       | Manipur                        |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 21       | Meghalaya                      |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 22       | Mizoram                        |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 23       | Nagaland                       |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 24       | Orissa                         |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 25       | Pondicherry (UT)               |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 26       | Punjab                         |    68 |          243921 |      6514.13 |
| 27       | Rajasthan                      |     8 |           51544 |      1285.25 |
| 28       | Sikkim                         |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 29       | Tamil Nadu                     |     5 |           32396 |       784.53 |
| 30       | Telangana                      |    39 |          239793 |      5813.5  |
| 31       | Tripura                        |     0 |               0 |         0    |
| 32       | Uttar Pradesh                  |    81 |          398386 |      9501.48 |
| 33       | Uttrakhand                     |     1 |             227 |      5970    |
| 34       | West Bengal                    |     2 |            4681 |       131.06 |
| Total    |                                |   485 |         2426907 |     79330.3  |

(Source: National Horticulture Board (NHB), National Horticulture Mission (NHM), Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States (HMNEH))

*****