Lok Sabha Question No. 648 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-02-06
Subject: Rising Level of Contaminants in Groundwater
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Shri Kaushalendra Kumar, Shri  Selvaganapathi T.M., Prof. Sougata Ray, Shri Asaduddin Owaisi, Shri Ramprit Mandal, Shri Dinesh Chandra Yadav

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI

## DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 648

ANSWERED ON 06.02.2025

## RISING LEVEL OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER

648.

SHRI RAMPRIT MANDAL

SHRI DINESH CHANDRA YADAV

PROF. SOUGATA RAY

SHRI KAUSHALENDRA KUMAR

SHRI ASADUDDIN OWAISI

SHRI SELVAGANAPATHI T.M.

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a)  whether it is  a  fact  that  according  to  the  report  of  the  Central  Ground  Water  Board,  excessive  traces  of nitrates  in  groundwater  found  at  alarming  level  in  440  districts  of  the  country  and  if  so,  the  details  thereof State-wise as of 2017 and 2023 along with the reasons therefor;

(b) whether it is also a fact that nitrate in groundwater has been rapidly increasing in other districts as only 359 districts were reported in the year 2017 and if so, the details thereof;

(c) whether it is true that about 56 per cent of the country's districts have excessive nitrates and if so, the details thereof;

(d) whether it is also true that central and southern parts of the country are reporting an increasing trend of nitrates provoking worry and if so, the details thereof;

(e) whether the fluoride level in groundwater has also been found beyond the safe limit and if so, the details thereof; and

(f) whether the Government has assessed the adverse impact on human health and crops associated with such high levels of nitrates and fluoride and if so, the details thereof along with the measures taken/being taken by the Government in this regard to provide potable drinking water to the people?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI

## ( SHRI RAJ BHUSHAN CHOUDHARY )

(a)  &  (b) The  Annual  Groundwater  Quality  Report  2024  prepared  by  the  Central  Ground  Water  Board (CGWB) is based on the ground water sampling and analysis from 15,259 monitoring locations spread across the country. As per the report, localized occurrences of nitrate beyond the prescribed limits for drinking were reported in groundwater samples collected from some isolated spots, which are spread across 440 districts in India.  The  State-wise  lists  of  districts  wherein  nitrate  beyond  permissible  limit  has  been  reported  in  one  or more isolated locations for the year 2023 and 2017 are presented in Annexure-I & Annexure-II respectively.

Although the number of districts wherein nitrate beyond permissible limit has been reported in one or more isolated  locations  have  increased  from  359  in  2017  to  440  in  2023,  however  there  is  no  evidence  to establish its spread from  one  district to another. Nitrate contamination  in groundwater  is primarily Anthropogenic  in  nature,  influenced  by  various  factors  such  as  the  excessive  use  of  fertilizers,  agricultural runoff, improper wastewater management etc. Further, the increase in the number of affected districts is also attributed to enhanced sampling frequency and expanded groundwater quality monitoring in the proximity of reportedly affected areas as per updated SoP. This can be observed from the fact that despite the rise in the number of districts where contamination was reported, there has been a slight decline in the overall proportion of samples exceeding permissible nitrate levels, decreasing from 21.6% to 19.8% from 2017 to 2023.

(c) Out  of  788  total  districts  in  India,  nitrate  beyond  permissible  limit  has  been  reported  in  one  or  more isolated spots of 440 districts in 2023.

(d) As can be seen from Annexure- I & Annexure -II ,  in  central  and  Southern  parts  of  the country,  the number of districts  wherein  nitrate  has  been  reported  beyond  permissible  limit  in  isolated  pockets  between 2017 to 2023, have remained constant in Karnataka and Maharashtra, shown decline in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh and shown increase in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu respectively.

(e) As per the Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024, presence of Fluoride beyond the prescribed limits for drinking was reported in groundwater samples from some of the isolated parts of 263 districts in India.

(f) Drinking water having Fluoride or nitrates above the permissible limits over a sustained period is known to cause several adverse health effects. As per the available research and literature, long-term consumption of water contaminated with of Fluoride in drinking water may expose people to risks of crippling skeletal and/ or dental fluorosis. Likewise, nitrate contamination may cause birth defects in infants, thyroid complications and certain types of cancers.

Further, Water is a state subject and the responsibility of ground water management, including taking initiatives  for  improving  ground  water  quality  and  mitigate  the  contamination  issue,  lies  primarily  with  the state  governments.  However,  several  steps  have  been  taken  by  the  Central  Government  in  the  direction  of improving groundwater quality. Some of the important ones are mentioned below:-

- i. Data on ground water quality available with CGWB are made available in public domain through reports as well as through the web site (http://www.cgwb.gov.in) for use by various stakeholders. Further, half-yearly Bulletins, carrying the gist of findings are also circulated after every round of ground water quality monitoring.
- ii. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has entered into an MoU with Geological Survey of India (GSI)  in  2022  for  the  study  of  Uranium,  Lead,  Arsenic,  Fluoride  and  Mercury  contamination  of

groundwater  in  parts  of  Punjab,  Haryana,  Andhra  Pradesh,  Uttar  Pradesh,  Bihar,  Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Assam States.

- iii. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in association with State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees (SPCBs/PCCs) is implementing the provisions of the Water (Prevention  &  Control)  Act,  1974  and  the  Environment  (Protection)  Act,  1986  to  prevent  and control  pollution  in  water.  CPCB  has  made  a  comprehensive  programme  on  water  pollution  for controlling  point  sources  by  developing  industry  specific  standards  and  general  standards  for discharge  of  effluents.  As  per  the  directives  of  CPCB,  Online  Continuous  Effluent  Monitoring Systems  (OCEMS)  are  installed  by  the  industrial  units  in  the  country  for  getting  real  time information on the effluent quality.
- iv. To make provision of potable tap water supply in adequate quantity, of prescribed quality and on regular & long-term basis to every rural household by 2024, since August, 2019, Government of India in partnership with States, is implementing Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) - Har Ghar Jal.
3.  Under the JJM, Bureau of Indian Standards' BIS:10500 standards have been adopted as prescribed norms for quality of tap water service delivery.
4.  While allocating the  funds to States/ UTs, 10%  weightage is  given to the population residing in habitations affected by chemical contaminants.
5.  More than 2000 water quality-testing laboratories have been set up in the country. Besides this, five persons,  preferably  women  are  identified  and  trained  from  every  village  for  testing  the  water samples through Field Test Kits (FTKs).
6.  Under JJM, while planning for potable water supply to household through tap water connection, priority is given to quality-affected habitations. Since, planning, implementation and commissioning of piped water supply scheme based on a safe water source takes time, purely as an interim  measure,  States/  UTs  have  been  advised  to  install  community  water  purification  plants (CWPPs) especially in Arsenic and Fluoride affected habitations.

***

## ANNEXURE-I

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) & (b), (d) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 648  TO  BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  06.02.2025  REGARDING  'RISING  LEVEL  OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER'.

## The State-Wise Details of Nitrate Contamination in Ground Water for Year 2023

|   S.No. | State            |   No. of districts having NO3 >45 mg/L | Parts of districts having Nitrate > 45 mg/L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
|---------|------------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|       1 | Andhra Pradesh   |                                     25 | Alluri Sita Rama Raju, Anakapalli, Ananthapur, Annamayya, Bapatla, Chittoor, East Godavari, Eluru, Guntur, Kakinada, Konaseema, Krishna, Kurnool, Nandyal, Nellore, NTR, Palnadu, Parvathipuram Manyam, Prakasham, Sri Satya Saisrikakulam, Tirupathi, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, West Godavari, YSR Kadapa                                 |
|       2 | Bihar            |                                     15 | Arwal, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Jehanabad, Kaimur, Katihar, Madhepura, Madhubani, Muzzafarpur, Patna, Saharsa, Samastipur, Sheohar, Sitamarhi                                                                                                                                                                                               |
|       3 | Chhattisgarh     |                                     20 | Balod, Balodabazar, Bemetara, Bilaspur, Dhamtari, Durg, Gariyabandh, Janjgir Champa, Jashpur, Kanker, Kawardha, Korba, Koriya, Mahasamund, Mungeli, Raigarh, Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Surajpur, Surguja                                                                                                                                           |
|       4 | Delhi            |                                      7 | New Delhi, North, North West, South, South East, South West, West                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
|       5 | Gujarat          |                                     23 | Ahmedabad, Amreli, Anand, Arvalli, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Chhota Udepur, Dahod, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kheda, Morbi, Panchmahal, Porbandar, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, Tapi, Vadodara, Valsad                                                                                                            |
|       6 | Haryana          |                                     21 | Ambala, Bhiwani, Faridabad, Fatehabad, Gurugram, Hisar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Mahendragarh, Mewat, Palwal, Panchkula, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Sirsa, Sonipat, Yamunanagar                                                                                                                                             |
|       7 | Himachal Pradesh |                                      6 | Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Mandi, Sirmour, Solan, Una                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
|       8 | Jammu &Kashmir   |                                      6 | Baramulla, Jammu, Kathua, Kupwara, Rajouri, Samba                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
|       9 | Jharkhand        |                                      9 | Chatra, Garhwa, Gumla, Hazaribagh, Latehar, Loherdaga, Palamu, Ranchi, Simdega                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
|      10 | Karnataka        |                                     27 | Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bellary, Bengaluru Rural, Bidar, Bijapur, Chamarajanagara, Chikballapur, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Dharwad, Gadag, Gulbarga, Hassan, Haveri, Kodagu, Kolar, Koppal, Mandya, Mysore, Raichur, Ramanagara, Shivmoga, Tumkur, Uttara Kannada, Vijayanagara, Yadgir                                                             |
|      11 | Kerala           |                                     10 | Alappuzha, Idukki, Kannur, Kollam, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthita, Thrissur, Trivandrum                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|      12 | Madhya Pradesh   |                                     39 | Agar Malwa, Anuppur, Balaghat, Barwani, Bhind, Burhanpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Datia, Dewas, Dhar, Guna, Gwalior, Harda, Indore, Jabalpur, Jhabua, Katni, Khandwa, Khargone, Mandla, Mandsaur, Morena, Narsinghpur, Neemuch, Panna, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Rewa, Sagar, Satna, Shahdol, Shajapur, Sheopur, Shivpuri, Sidhi, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Umaria |

|   13 | Maharashtra   |   32 | Ahmednagar, Akola, Amravati, Aurangabad, Beed, Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Hingoli, Jalgaon, Jalna, Kolhapur, Latur, Nagpur, Nanded, Nandurbar, Nashik, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Pune, Raigad, Sangli, Satara, Sindudurg, Solapur, Thane, Wardha, Washim, Yavatmal                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
|------|---------------|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|   14 | Odisha        |   15 | Anugul, Balangir, Bargarh, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Kendujhar, Khordha, Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Nayagarh, Nuapada, Puri, Sambalpur, Sonapur, Sundargarh                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
|   15 | Pondicherry   |    1 | Pondicherry                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
|   16 | Punjab        |   20 | Amritsar, Barnala, Bathinda, Faridkot, Fazilka, Ferozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Nawanshahr, Pathankot, Patiala, Rupnagar, Sangrur, Sas Nagar, Tarn Taran                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|   17 | Rajasthan     |   30 | Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara, Baran, Barmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Bikaner, Bundi, Chittaurgarh, Churu, Dausa, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Karauli, Nagaur, Pali, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Sawai Madhopur, Sikar, Sirohi, Tonk, Udaipur                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|   18 | Tamil Nadu    |   31 | Ariyalur, Chennai, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Erode, Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Karur, Krishnagiri, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Namakkal, Nilgiris, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivaganga, Thanjavur, Theni, Thiruvannamalai, Tirunelveli, Tiruvallur, Tiruvarur, Trichy, Tuticorin, Vellore, Villupuram, Virudhunagar                                                                                                                                                     |
|   19 | Telangana     |   32 | Adilabad, B.Kothagudem, Hanamkonda, J.Bhupalapally, Jagtial, Jangaon, Jogulamba, Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Kb Asifabad, Khammam, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar, Mancherial, Medak, Medchal Malkanjgiri, Mulugu, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Narayanpet, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Pedapalle, R. Sircilla, Rangareddy, Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri                                                                                                                    |
|   20 | Tripura       |    2 | North Tripura, West Tripura                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
|   21 | Uttar Pradesh |   48 | Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad/ Prayagraj, Amethi, Amroha, Auraiya, Baghpat, Balrampur, Banda, Budaun, Bulandshahar, Chitrakoot, Etah, Etawah, Fatehpur, Firozabad, G.B. Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Gorakhpur, Hamirpur, Hapur, Hathras, Jalaun, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar, Kasganj, Kaushambi, Lalitpur, Lucknow, Mahoba, Mainpuri, Mathura, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Pilibhit, Rampur, Sambhal, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Shahjahanpur, Shrawasti, Siddharth Nagar, Sonbhadra, Unnao, Varanasi |
|   22 | Uttarakhand   |    5 | Almora, Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, Udham Singh Nagar                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|   23 | West Bengal   |   18 | Alipurduar, Bankura, Birbhum, Cooch Behar, Dakshin Dinajpur, Darjeeling, Hooghly, Jalpaiguri, Jhargram, Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas, Paschim Bardhaman, Paschim Medinipur, Purulia, South 24 Parganas, Uttar Dinajpur                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |

## ANNEXURE-II

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) & (b), (d) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 648  TO  BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  06.02.2025  REGARDING  'RISING  LEVEL  OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER'.

## The State-Wise Details of Nitrate Contamination in Ground Water for Year 2017

|   S.No. | State            |   No. of districts having NO3 >45 mg/L | Parts of districts having Nitrate > 45 mg/L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
|---------|------------------|----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|       1 | Andhra Pradesh   |                                     13 | Anantapur, Chittoor, East Godavari, Guntur, Kadapa, Krishna, Kurnool, Nellore, Prakasam, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, West Godavari                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
|       2 | Bihar            |                                     20 | Arwal, Aurangabad, Begusarai, Bhabhua, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Gaya, Jehanabad, Khagaria, Madhubani, Muzaffarpur, Nalanda, Nawada, Patna, Rohtas, Samastipur, Sheikhpura, Supaul, West Champaran                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
|       3 | Goa              |                                      2 | North Goa, South Goa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|       4 | Gujarat          |                                     30 | Ahmedabad, Amreli, Anand, Arvalli, Banas Kantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Botad, Chhota Udaipur, Dahod, Devbhumi Dwarka, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kheda, Mahesana, Mahisagar, Morbi, Narmada, Navsari, Panch Mahals, Patan, Porbandar, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendra Nagar, The Dangs, Vadodara                                                                                                                       |
|       5 | Haryana          |                                     18 | Ambala, Bhiwani, Faridabad, Fatehabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jhajjar, Kaithal, Karnal, Mahendragarh, Mewat, Palwal, Panchkula, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Sirsa, Yamunanagar                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|       6 | Himachal Pradesh |                                      1 | Solan                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
|       7 | Jammu &Kashmir   |                                      6 | Reasi, Jammu, Kathua, Rajouri, Samba, Udhampur.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
|       8 | Jharkhand        |                                     17 | Bokaro, Deoghar, Dhanbad, Dumka, E. Singhbhum, Giridih, Gumla, Jamtara, Khunti, Koderma, Lohardaga, Pakur, Ranchi, Sahibganj, Saraikela, Simdega, W. Singhbhum                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
|       9 | Karnataka        |                                     27 | Bagalkot, Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban, Belgaum, Bellary, Bidar, Bijapur, Chamarajanagar, Chickballapur, Chickmagalur, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Dharwad, Gadag, Gulbarga, Hassan, Haveri, Kodagu, Kolar, Koppal, Mandya, Mysore, Raichur, Shimoga, Tumkur, Udipi, Yadgir                                                                                                                                                             |
|      10 | Kerala           |                                     13 | Ernakulam, Idukki, Kannur, Kasargod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thrissur, Trivandrum, Wayanad                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
|      11 | Madhya Pradesh   |                                     48 | Agar Malwa, Alirajpur, Ashok Nagar, Balaghat, Barwani, Betul, Bhind, Bhopal, Burhanpur, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Datia, Dewas, Dhar, Guna, Gwalior, Harda, Hoshangabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jhabua, Katni, Khandwa, Khargone, Mandla, Mandsaur, Morena, Narsinghpur, Neemuch, Panna, Raisen, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Rewa, Sagar, Satna, Sehore, Seoni, Shahdol, Shajapur, Sheopur, Shivpuri, Singrauli, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Umaria, Vidisha |
|      12 | Maharashtra      |                                     32 | Ahmednagar, Akola, Amravati, Aurangabad, Beed, Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Hingoli, Jalgaon,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |

|    |               |    | Jalna, Kolhapur, Latur, Nagpur, Nanded, Nandurbar, Nashik, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Pune, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Sindhudurg, Solapur, Thane, Wardha, Washim, Yavatmal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|----|---------------|----|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 13 | Punjab        | 17 | Bathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Fazilka, Ferozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Mansa, Muktsar, Nawanshahr, Pathankot, Patiala, Rupnagar, Sangrur, SAS Nagar                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| 14 | Rajasthan     | 31 | Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara, Baran, Barmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Bundi, Chittaurgarh, Churu, Dholpur, Dungarpur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Karauli, Kota, Nagaur, Pali, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Sawai Madhopur, Sikar, Sirohi, Tonk, Udaipur                                                                                                                                               |
| 15 | Tamil Nadu    | 20 | Chennai, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Erode, Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Karur, Krishnagiri, Namakkal, Perambalur, Salem, Thiruvannamalai, Tirunelveli, Tiruppur, Tiruvallur, Trichy, Tuticorin, Villupuram, Virudhunagar                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| 16 | Telangana     | 10 | Adilabad, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Ranga Reddy, Warangal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| 17 | Uttar Pradesh | 42 | Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Baghpat, Ballia, Balrampur, Banda, Budaun, Chandawali, Chitrakoot, Etah, Faizabad, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur, Firozabad, Gaziabad, Gonda, Hamirpur, Hathras, J P Nagar, Jalaun, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar, Kashiramnagar (Kasganj), Kaushambi, Lalitpur, Lucknow, Mahoba, Mathura, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Pilibhit, Saharanpur, Shrawasti, Sitapur, Sonbhadra, Unnao, Varanasi. |
| 18 | West Bengal   | 12 | Bankura, Birbhum, Cooch Behar, Dakshin Dinajpur, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Jhargram, Malda, Paschim Bardhaman, Paschim Medinipur, Purba Bardhaman, Purulia.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |

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