Lok Sabha Question No. 5 (STARRED), answered on 2023-12-04
Subject: Additional Employment Opportunities
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Vinayak Bhaurao Raut, Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA

## STARRED QUESTION NO.*5

TO BE ANSWERED ON 04 TH  DECEMBER, 2023

## ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

- *5. SHRI VINAYAK RAUT: SHRI SANJAY JADHAV:

## Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT  be pleased to state:

- (a) whether additional employment opportunities are being generated due to the development schemes being implemented in the country, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) the number of new jobs registered by the Government during the last ten years;
- (c) the  number  of  unemployed  persons  as  per  official  records  during  the last five years;
- (d) the details of the total unemployed persons in the country during the last five years;
- (e) whether  the  Government  has  formulated  any  National  Urban  Youth Employment Programme to promote employment generating opportunities in rural and urban areas if so, the details thereof;
- (f) the details of the data of unemployment in rural and urban areas since 2014 till date; and
- (g) whether  the  Government  has  launched  any  initiative  at  the  level  of rural  and  urban  local  bodies  to  promote  generation  of  employment opportunities, if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI BHUPENDER YADAV)

- (a) to (g): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

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STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) TO (g) OF LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  *5  DUE  FOR  REPLY  ON  04.12.2023  BY  SHRI VINAYAK RAUT AND SHRI SANJAY JADHAV, M.Ps., REGARDING 'ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES'

(a) to (g): Employment generation coupled with improving employability is the priority of the Government. Accordingly, the Government of India has taken  various  steps  for  generating  employment  in  the  country  including rural and urban areas.

Investments  in  Infrastructure  and  productive  capacity  have  a  large multiplier  impact  on  growth  and  employment.  The  budget  of  2023-24 proposed to increase capital investment outlay steeply for the third year in a row by 33 per cent to Rs 10 lakh crore, which would be 3.3 per cent of GDP. This substantial increase in recent years is central to the government's efforts to enhance growth potential and job creation.

The Government  of India has announced Aatmanirbhar Bharat package  to  provide  stimulus  to  business  and  to  mitigate  the  adverse impact of Covid-19. Under this package, the Government is providing fiscal stimulus  of  more  than  Rupees  Twenty  Seven  lakh  crore.  This  package comprises of  various  long  term  schemes/programmes/policies  for  making the country self-reliant and to create employment opportunities.

The  Aatmanirbhar  Bharat  Rojgar  Yojana  (ABRY)  was  launched  with effect from 1st October, 2020 to incentivise employers for creation of new employment  and  restoration of loss of  employment  during  Covid-19 pandemic. The terminal date for registration of beneficiaries was 31.03.2022. Since inception of the scheme, till 12.11.2023, benefits have been provided to 60.48 lakhs beneficiaries under the scheme.

Government is implementing Prime Minister Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi Scheme) since June 01, 2020 to facilitate collateral  free  working  capital  loan  to  street  vendors  to  restart  their businesses, which were adversely impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic. As  on  22.11.2023,  78.08  lakh  loans  have  been  sanctioned  under  the scheme.

PM Vishwakarma Scheme was launched on 17 th  September, 2023 to provide end-to-end support to artisans and crafts people of rural and urban areas  across  the  country.  The  Scheme  aims  to  strengthen  and  nurture Guru-Shishya  parampara  or  family-based  practice  of  traditional  skills  by Vishwakarmas working with their hands and tools. The prime focus of PM Vishwakarma is at improving the quality as well as the reach of products and  services  of  artisans  and  craftspeople  and  to  ensure  that  they  are integrated with the domestic and global value chains.

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched by the Government for facilitating self-employment. Under PMMY, collateral free loans upto Rs. 10 lakh, are extended to micro/small business enterprises and  to  individuals  to  enable  them  to  setup  or  expand  their  business activities. As on 17.11.2023, more than 44.41 crore loans amounting to Rs. 26.08 lakh crore have been sanctioned since launch of the scheme.

The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes is being implemented by the Government with an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore, for a period of 5 years starting from 2021-22 which have potential for creating 60 lakh new jobs.

PM GatiShakti is a transformative approach for economic growth and sustainable  development.  The  approach  is  driven  by  seven  engines, namely, Roads, Railways, Airports, Ports, Mass Transport, Waterways and Logistics  Infrastructure.  This  approach  is  powered  by  Clean  Energy  and Sabka Prayas leading to huge job and entrepreneurial opportunities for all.

The Government has been implementing various initiatives under the Startup India initiative which was launched on 16th January 2016 in order to build a strong ecosystem  for nurturing innovation, startups and encouraging investments in the startup ecosystem of the country.

Make  in  India  initiative  was  launched  on  September  25,  2014,  to facilitate investment, foster innovation, building best in class infrastructure,  and  making  India  a  hub  for  manufacturing,  design  and innovation. The development of a robust manufacturing sector continues to be a key priority of the Indian Government. Since its launch, Make in India initiative has made significant achievements and presently focuses on 27 sectors  under  Make  in  India  2.0.  which  is  implemented  across  various Ministries/Departments, Central Government and State Governments.

Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Scheme (MGNREGS)  is  a  demand  driven  wage  employment  programme  which provide  for  the  enhancement  of  livelihood  security  of  the  households  in rural  areas  of  the  country  by  providing  at  least  one  hundred  days  of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

In order to achieve the target of 'Housing for All' in rural areas, the Ministry  of  Rural  Development  (MoRD)  is  implementing  Pradhan  Mantri Awaas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G) with effect from 1st April 2016 to provide assistance to eligible rural households with overall target to construct 2.95 crore  pucca  houses  with  basic  amenities.  Rural  Mason  Training  (RMT) program  has  been  launched  under  the  Pradhan  Mantri  Awaas  YojanaGramin  (PMAY-G)  to  address  the  issue  of  insufficient  number  of  skilled masons for construction of quality PMAY-G houses. The initiative not only avails livelihood opportunities for the rural workforce but also contributes towards the availability of a skilled workforce for the construction of rural infrastructure under different schemes.

There  are  two  skill  development  programme  for  rural  youth  under DAY-NRLM,  namely,  Deen  Dayal  Upadhyaya  Grameen  Kaushalya  Yojana (DDU-GKY)  and  Rural  Self  Employment  Training  institutes  (RSETIs).  Both these  programmes  are  aimed  at  increasing  employability  of  rural  youth, either for wage employment or self employment.

Ministry  of  Skill  Development  and  Entrepreneurship  is  implementing Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) under Skill India Mission for skill  based  training  of  the  youth  across  the  country  (including  youth belonging  to  rural  areas  under  Short  Term  Training  (STT)  courses  and Recognition  of  Prior  Learning  (RPL).  Under  PMKVY,  STT  is  linked  to placement, while RPL does not mandate placements as it recognizes the existing skills of candidate. As on 04.11.2023, 24.38 lakh candidates have been reported placed under the scheme.

Ministry  of  Housing  and  Urban  Affairs  is  implementing  a  centrally sponsored scheme namely "Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban Livelihoods  Mission  (DAY-NULM)"  to  reduce  poverty  and  vulnerability  of urban poor households on a sustainable basis. Mission, inter-alia, aims to enabling  urban  poor  to  access  gainful  self-employment  and  skilled  wage employment opportunities through skill training in market oriented courses under  the  Employment  through  Skill  Training  &  Placement  (EST&P) component.  Also, financial assistance is provided to individuals/ groups/ Self Help  Groups  (SHGs)  of  urban  poor  for  setting up  gainful selfemployment ventures or micro-enterprises. The mission also aims to build strong  grass-root  level  institutions  of  the  urban  poor;  provide  shelters equipped  with  essential  services  to  the  urban  homeless  and  address livelihoods concerns of the urban street vendors by facilitating access to suitable spaces, institutional credit, social security, etc.

Besides these initiatives, various flagship programmes of the Government  such  as  Stand-up  India,  Digital  India,  etc.  are  also  oriented towards generating employment opportunities in the country.

All these initiatives are expected to collectively generate employment in the medium to long term through multiplier-effects.

The  data  on  Employment  and  Unemployment  is  collected  through Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) which is conducted by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI) since 2017-18. The survey period is July to June of next year. Prior to PLFS,  EmploymentUnemployment  Survey  (EUS)  was  conducted  by  the  Labour  Bureau, Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment for  the  years  2010-11  to  2016-17.  As per  the  results  of  these  surveys,  the  estimated  Worker  Population  Ratio (WPR) and Unemployment Rate (UR) on usual status for persons of age 15 years and above in the country during last ten years are as follows:

| Year               | Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in%   |
|--------------------|-------------------------------------|
| EUS, Labour Bureau | EUS, Labour Bureau                  |
| 2012-13            | 51.0                                |
| 2013-14            | 53.7                                |
| 2015-16            | 50.5                                |
| 2016-17            | 50.7                                |
| PLFS, MoSPI        | PLFS, MoSPI                         |
| 2017-18            | 46.8                                |
| 2018-19            | 47.3                                |
| 2019-20            | 50.9                                |
| 2020-21            | 52.6                                |
| 2021-22            | 52.9                                |
| 2022-23            | 56.0                                |

Source: PLFS, MoSPI and Labour Bureau

Unemployment Rate (UR) in %

| Year               | Rural              | Urban              | Rural+Urban        |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
| EUS, Labour Bureau | EUS, Labour Bureau | EUS, Labour Bureau | EUS, Labour Bureau |
| 2012-13            | 3.5                | 5.3                | 4.0                |
| 2013-14            | 2.9                | 4.9                | 3.4                |
| 2015-16            | 3.4                | 4.4                | 3.7                |
| 2016-17            | 3.5                | 5.3                | 3.9                |
| PLFS, MoSPI        | PLFS, MoSPI        | PLFS, MoSPI        | PLFS, MoSPI        |
| 2017-18            | 5.3                | 7.7                | 6.0                |
| 2018-19            | 5.0                | 7.6                | 5.8                |
| 2019-20            | 3.9                | 6.9                | 4.8                |
| 2020-21            | 3.3                | 6.7                | 4.2                |
| 2021-22            | 3.2                | 6.3                | 4.1                |
| 2022-23            | 2.4                | 5.4                | 3.2                |

Source: PLFS, MoSPI and Labour Bureau

Results  from  both  surveys  viz.  PLFS  and  Labour  Bureau  are  not comparable  due  to  different  sampling  methodology  and  coverage.  PLFS covers seasonality of labour force as it is conducted during the period July to June (i.e. full year) whereas field work in Labour Bureau survey varied from 7 to 9 months and therefore, complete seasonality was not covered. Further,  there  are  many  other  methodological  differences  between  these two surveys.

The PLFS data indicates that the unemployment rate in the country has  declined  to  3.2%  during  2022-23  from  6.0%  in  the  year  2017-18. Further, the estimated Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in the country has increased  from  46.8%  during  2017-18  to  56.0%  during  2022-23,  which shows that employment in the country has increasing trend.

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