Lok Sabha Question No. 857 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-02-07
Subject: Indian Science Congress
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Harish Dwivedi

## DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. † 857

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2024)

## CSIR

† 857.   SHRI HARISH DWIVEDI:

## Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the achievements made along with the new steps taken by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in the last decade;
- (b) whether the Government has put in place a mechanism to facilitate affordable and reliable medical imaging solutions keeping in mind the high cost involved and limited availability of the said resources and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the details of the progress made so far in this sector in line with the concept of Make in India- Make for the World?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

## (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) The achievements made along with the new steps taken by the Council  of  Scientific  and  Industrial  Research  (CSIR)  in  the  last decade are placed at Annexure - I.
- (b)&(c)  Yes Sir. The Ministry has established a mechanism to facilitate affordable  and  reliable  access  to  medical  imaging  solutions. Significant initiatives/measures undertaken by Council of Scientific and  Industrial  Research  (CSIR),  Department  of  Science  and Technology (DST) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in the domain are at Annexure - II.

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Annexure - I

## CSIR Significant Achievements and New Steps taken in the last Decade

CSIR recognizing that inclusive innovation in the country would be the way for  achieving  socio-economic  growth  and  competitive  advantage globally has facilitated the national endeavour of achieving faster and inclusive  growth  by  undertaking  R&D  programmes  that  focus  on innovation. The CSIR has thus been providing the S&T knowledgebase needed for the benefit of the Nation, its industries, including MSMEs and the common people. The efforts are focused at bringing in desired S&T interventions  for  enhancing  the  socio-economic  development  while improving the quality of life, removing drudgery and augmenting income of the people. The projects undertaken by CSIR have been contributing to the generation of valuable knowledgebase and S&T interventions with immense value and potential to create a niche for the country.

During  the  last  decade,  CSIR's  performance  has  been  very  imposing. Some key achievements are as follows

-  CSIR's Global Positioning as a Front Rank R&D System:  According to the prestigious Scimago Institutions Ranking World Report 2023, CSIR is ranked 61 st  among 1747 government institutions worldwide and  is  the  only  Indian  organization  among  the  top  100  global government institutions. Further, CSIR holds 7 th  rank in research and 4 th   rank  in  societal  category  in  Asia  among  384  government organizations. CSIR leads the country at the 1 st  position in overall research and societal categories among government institutions.
-  Scientific Excellence: CSIR has pursued cutting edge science and has  advanced  knowledge  frontiers.  During  the  period  2013-2022, CSIR  has  published  about  54429  papers  in  SCI  journals.  Several research  papers  were  in  high  impact  factor  journals  like  Lancet, Nature  Biotechnology,  Nature,  Chemical  Reviews,  Progress  in Materials Science, Energy & Environmental Science etc.
-  Value Generation through Intellectual Property: CSIR has been at the forefront  of  Intellectual  Property  generation  -  it  enjoys  a  unique position amongst publicly funded R&D organizations nationally and internationally.  CSIR has filed 2393 patent applications in India and 3296 patent applications abroad (in multiple countries) while it was granted 1687 Indian patents and 3019 foreign patents (in multiple countries) during 2013-14 to 2022-23. Presently, CSIR has a patent portfolio of 1,234 unique patents in force in India, out of which 263
- patents/patent applications have been licensed/assigned to industry.  CSIR  also  has  1,365  in-force  patents  granted  abroad  in multiple countries.
-  Creating and Nurturing S&T Human Resource: CSIR has focused in a significant manner on the development of S&T Human Resource and provided  the  yeoman  service.  CSIR's  support  for  creation  and nurturing  of  National  S&T  Human  Resource  transcends  diverse sectors and discipline of science and technology.  During the period 2013-14  to  2022-23,  CSIR  has  supported  91469  doctoral  and postdoctoral  fellows  including  award  of  36296  New  Doctoral  and Postdoctoral Fellowships and disbursed an amount of Rs. 3057.99 crores as fellowship during the same period.
-  Creation of  Theme based Clusters:   CSIR has put in place a R&D management strategy for planning and participative performance of R&D projects through the formation of sector specific theme based clusters.  CSIR  constituent  laboratories  across  the  Country  have been grouped under the following eight Theme based Clusters:
- (i) Aerospace, Electronics, Instrumentation & Strategic Sectors (AEISS);
- (ii) Civil, Infrastructure & Engineering (CIE);
- (iii) Ecology,  Environment  Earth  &  Ocean  Sciences  and  Water (E30W);
- (iv) Mining, Minerals, Metals and Materials (4M);
- (v)
- Chemicals (including leather) and Petrochemicals (CIP);
- (vi) Energy (Conventional & Non Conventional) and Energy Devices (EED);
- (vii)
- (viii)
- Agri., Nutrition & Biotech (ANB); and
- Healthcare (HTC)

CSIR during the current cycle of the Fifteen Finance Commission had formulated several projects through the 'Thematic approach' under new project categories, namely, CSIR-Fundamental and Innovative Research  in  Science  of  Tomorrow  (CSIR-FIRST),  Focused  Basic Research (FBR), Niche Creating Projects (NCP), Fast Track Translational  (FTT),  Fast  Track  Commercialization  (FTC),  Mission Mode, and Facility Creation Projects (FCP).  The approach was to focus on basic as well as translational research besides addressing specific  national  problems  in  mission  mode  and/or  aligning  and contributing to the national missions through mission mode projects and  the  creation  of  state-of-art  infrastructure  and  facilities  to supports R&D activities.

-  One  Week  One  Lab  (OWOL)  Campaign:  One  Week  One  Lab Campaign was  a  nationwide  theme-based  campaign  launched  by CSIR  on  6 th   January  2023,  to  showcase  the  diverse  legacies, exclusive  innovations  and  technological  breakthroughs  of  the network  of  37  CSIR  labs  situated  across  the  Nation,  working  in diversified  domains  of  S&T. The  campaign  was  a  celebration  of Science & Technologies for CSIR labs and new initiative in the Amrit Kaal, to leverage the technologies of CSIR.  CSIR-CBRI, Roorkee was the first lab to organise the OWOL campaign. Almost every week after that the campaign was organized by other CSIR laboratories and was concluded with CSIR-NAL, Bengaluru. The OWOL Campaign of CSIR culminated on 26th September 2023 during the Foundation Day Celebrations of CSIR. The initiative enabled CSIR laboratories to  showcase  not  only  the  achievements  and  their  role  in  the development of nation, but also future technologies on which CSIR labs  are  working.  The  campaign  included  interaction  with  school students, start-ups, entrepreneurs and MSMEs among others.
-  CSIR's Republic Day Tableau during 75 th  Republic Day - The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research's Republic Day Tableau highlighted the unleashing of a Purple Revolution ushered through Lavender cultivation in Jammu  &  Kashmir.  CSIR's scientific interventions  have  led  to  the  phenomenal  growth  of  lavender cultivation and development of lavender products taking lavender from lab-to-market and creating several agri-start-ups in J&K. The Tableau  also  showcased  India's  first  women  friendly,  compact, Electric Tractor developed by CSIR. The visually enchanting Tableau aligns with the Viksit Bharat theme of the Republic Day Parade 2024.
-  Scaled-up  plant  for  production  of  Hydrazine  Hydrate:  The  Hon'ble Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, inaugurated the scaled-up plant for production of Hydrazine Hydrate (HH) developed in collaboration of CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd (GACL), Gujarat on October 10 th , 2022, as an initiative towards 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'. The plant developed  is  based  on  CSIR-IICT's  and  GACL's  jointly  patented technology for  production  of  10,000  tonnes  per  year  of  Hydrazine Hydrate. The collaboration of CSIR-IICT and GACL led the process development  from  laboratory  scale  to  pilot  scale,  and  then  to  a commercial scale. The scale up ratio from pilot scale to commercial scale  has  been  up  to  100  times.  The  first  consignment  of  the developed  Hydrazine  Hydrate  (80%)  was  flagged  off  from  Dahej complex on 8 th  July 2023.
-  Contributions to  Chandrayaan-3 Mission - CSIR-NAL has played a crucial role in carrying out the wind tunnel tests of Chandrayaan-3
- launch  vehicle.  The  main  launch  vehicle,  LVM3,  that  carried  the Chandrayaan-3 module was extensively tested and characterised in the  1.2m  trisonic  wind  tunnel  of  the  CSIR-National  Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL), Bengaluru.  More than 3,000 wind tunnel tests were carried by CSIR-NAL to characterise the Launch Vehicle Mark  3  (LVM3)  which  included  force  measurements,  steady  and unsteady  pressure  measurements,  booster-load  measurements, booster misalignment studies, aero-elastic and nozzle load studies apart  from  surface  and  off-surface  flow  visualisation  studies.  All stages of LVM3 with Chandrayaan-3 payload fairing were acoustically  characterised  in  this  facility  and  cleared  for  launch, which was crucial for the mission.
-  CSIR's Indigenous E-Tractor, CSIR Prima ET11: The Hon'ble Minister of  State  (Independent Charge), Science and Technology and VicePresident, CSIR, Dr. Jitendra Singh, on August 21 st , 2023, launched the compact E-Tractor CSIR PRIMA ET11, indigenously designed and developed by CSIR-CMERI to cater to small and marginal farmers of India.
-  Improved lotus variety 'Namoh 108': CSIR-NBRI launched an improved variety of the national flower Lotus with 108 petals called 'Namoh 108' on 14 th   August  2023  during  the  inaugural  of  the  One Week, One Lab campaign of CSIR-NBRI. The Lotus variety is more weather resilient and can flower from March to December. This lotus was brought by NBRI scientists from Manipur to conduct research on it.  This  is  the  first  Lotus  variety  whose  genome  is  completely sequenced. This plant will never be extinct or endangered like many other  flowers  and  plants  have  become.  CSIR-NBRI  also  released apparels made from lotus fibre and perfume 'Frotus' developed from Lotus plants in collaboration with FFDC, Kannauj.
- Steel Slag Valorisation Technology for Conversion of Steel Slag as Road Making Aggregates: CSIR developed the steel slag valorisation technology to convert waste steel slag as road making aggregates. Processed steel slag aggregates as developed through waste steel slag has been successfully utilized in the construction of India's First Steel  Slag  Road  at  Hazira,  Surat.  Around  one  lakh  ton  processed steel  slag  aggregates  were  utilized  as  100%  substitute  of  natural aggregate  in  steel  slag  road  construction.  For  its  unique  design features  Steel  Slag  Road  built  through  CRRI  technology  has  been inducted in INDIA BOOK of Records and ASIA BOOK OF RECORDS as First Steel Slag Road.  Border Roads Organisation (BRO) using the CSIR-CRRI  technology  has  laid  a  one  km  road  in  border  area  of
-  Arunachal Pradesh.
-  CSIR's  HANSA-NG  Aircraft  Type  Certified: India  requires  large number  of  pilot  trainer  aircraft  to  cater  to  the  needs  of  the aviation sector. CSIR-NAL has indigenously designed and developed light aircraft Hansa-New Generation (NG) with advance features. Aircraft is Type Certified by the DGCA on 20 th February 2023 for DAY-VFR & NIGHT-VFR operations under JARVLA
-  CSIR-CIMAP  research lowers Nicotine content in  Tobacco plant: CSIR-CIMAP has successfully lowered Nicotine content in the Petit Havana Tobacco plant variety by using a genome editing tool  and  reduced  60-70  per  cent  Nicotine  in  it,  compared  to Nicotine content in wild-type plants. CSIR-CIMAP further plans to lower Nicotine in commercial varieties to help people quit the habit by working on tobacco plant varieties used in cigarettes, cigars, beedi.
-  CSIR  Aroma  Mission  and  Floriculture  Mission:  CSIR  launched  the CSIR-Aroma Mission in 2016 which seeks to bring about transformative change in the aroma sector through interventions in agriculture,  processing  and  product  development  for  fuelling  the growth of the aroma industry and boosting rural employment. CSIR's Aroma and Floriculture Missions have brought 27,500 hectares under cultivation of aromatic crops. CSIR has also developed entrepreneurship (110) through technologies that promote cultivation and processing of aromatic crops, value-added aromatic crops for high-end aroma chemicals and products. For the first time ever, Asafoetida (Heeng) cultivation has been introduced in India and Saffron cultivation has been widened. CSIR enabled the famed Purple Revolution by introducing Lavender Cultivation in 10 districts of J&K benefitting more than 1000 farming families. India from being one of the  importers  of  Lemongrass  essential  oil  a  few  years  back,  now becomes  one  of  the  largest  exporters  in  the  world.  Indigenous development  of  Tulip  bulb  production  in  Lahaul  &  Spiti  under  the Floriculture mission helped reduce the import of planting material.
-  CSIR's first battery recycling pilot facility commissioned in Jamshedpur: The CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) has commissioned the first Battery Recycling Pilot Facility of the CSIR at Jamshedpur  to  extract  critical  metals  such  as  Lithium,  Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt. It encompasses 1 Ton per day (TPD) battery dismantling and cathode material separation setup, apart from the integrated large-scale hydrometallurgical facility for extraction and separation of those critical metals.
-  CSIR-NAL hands over AMCA's carbon composite flaperon test box to ADA: The CSIR-NAL in collaboration with Aeronautical Development
- Agency (ADA), has successfully designed and developed a cuttingedge Flaperon Structural Assembly for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program, India's to-be 5th generation stealth fighter jet, achieving a breakthrough in composite technologies. CSIR-NAL handed  over  the  jointly  developed  IM7  carbon  composite  based flaperons for the AMCA Project to ADA. This milestone was marked by  the  completion  of  the  AMCA's  Flaperon  Test  Box  Assembly  on October 5, 2023, a significant day for the Indian aerospace industry. The  assembly  has  been  officially  handed  over,  symbolising  a milestone in this collaborative effort.
-  National Atomic Timescale and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Pranali: Hon'ble  PM,  Shri  Narendra  Modi  dedicated  the  National  Atomic Timescale and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Pranali to the Nation and laid  the  Foundation  Stone  of  National  Environmental  Standards Laboratory on 75 years of CSIR-NPL.
-  Wax Deoiling Technology at Numaligarh Refinery, BPCL: CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun, in association with the Engineers India Ltd (EIL) had won international competition to adopt the Wax Deoiling Technology developed by CSIR-IIP, at Numaligarh Refinery Ltd (NRL). The Wax  Deoiling Plant based on such indigenously developed technology was set up with an investment of ₹750 crore at NRL - a subsidiary of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) - situated in north-east part of India.  The Plant was dedicated to the Nation by Hon'ble Prime Minister in February 2016. The commercialization of indigenous technology is in line with 'Make in India' initiative taken by the Government of India.
-  Development of Dental Implants: Under the partnership of Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences ( MAIDS ) , Delhi and IIT, Delhi, an indigenous  dental  implant  has  been  designed,  developed  and successfully  validated  in  human  clinical  trial  under  CSIR -NMITLI project. The technology for Dental Implants has been transferred to M / s Innvolution Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Delhi . With this, the country has taken the first step towards 'Make in India' implants and import substituted  technology . A  dedicated  manufacturing,  cleaning  and packaging setup has been established at Faridabad . The industry has  obtained  the  manufacturing  license  in  June  2019  and  has commercialized  the  implants  in  the  name  of  'ifix'  in  India . The developed  technology  has  been  appreciated  through  a  letter  of commendation by Hon ' ble Prime Minister of India .
-  Technology for recovery of valuable Potash from spent wash: CSIRCSMCRI has developed a technology for recovery of valuable Potash from  spent  wash  generated  in  sugarcane  molasses-based  alcohol
- distillery  that  saves  foreign  exchanges  and  prevents  hazardous spent wash being discarded into the environment. Plant based on CSIR-CSMCRI spent wash technology commissioned at Aurangabad Distillery Ltd. (60 klpd), Walchandnagar, Maharashtra The effort was appreciated by Hon'ble PM, Shri Narendra Modi.
-  Traditional  Knowledge  Digital  Library  (TKDL):  Fight  against  biopiracy:  CSIR  has  played  a  major  role  in  protecting  India's  rich traditional knowledge in healthcare by creating the TKDL. The TKDL involves  documentation  of  the  traditional  knowledge  available  in public domain in the form of existing literature related to Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Yoga, in digitized format. As a prior-art database of Indian traditional knowledge, the TKDL serves to prevent wrongful grant  of  patents  on  applications  of  relevance  to  the  traditional knowledge.  The access of the TKDL database containing over 4.39 lakh formulations from ancient texts of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Sowa Rigpa and practices of Yoga, is given to patent offices worldwide that have signed Non-disclosure Access Agreements with the CSIR,  for  search  of  TKDL  evidences  in  the  context  of  patent applications  filed  with  them.  The  TKDL  database  is  currently available to 15 patent offices. Further, in addition to the use of TKDL database by patent offices for examination of patent applications, the CSIR-TKDL Unit also files third party observations and pre-grant oppositions  on  patent  applications  related  to  Indian  traditional knowledge, based on the TKDL evidences. Since 2009, 283 patent applications have been either refused, withdrawn/deemed withdrawn or amended or set aside on the basis of TKDL evidence, thus protecting Indian traditional knowledge. The TKDL is proving to be an effective deterrent against bio-piracy and is being recognized as a global leader in the area of traditional knowledge protection.
-  Widening  access  of  the  TKDL  database  to  users,  besides  patent offices: The Cabinet chaired by Hon'ble Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi approved the Widening access of the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) database to users, besides patent offices on 17 August 2022. The opening up of the TKDL database to users will drive  research  &  development,  and  innovation  based  on  India's valued heritage across diverse fields.
-  First Ever Biofuel-Powered Flight: CSIR facilitated India's First Ever Biofuel-Powered Flight paving the way for sustainable and alternative fuels when the first biofuel-powered flight was flagged off from Dehradun  to Delhi. The bio-aviation fuel  was  produced indigenously  by  CSIR-IIP  from  Jatropha  oil  and  was  based  on  the patented technology of the institute. For the first time in the country, on 26 th   January 2019, an IAF AN-32 aircraft powered with 10 percent
- blend  of  biofuel  conducted  flight  operations  at  Leh,  one  of  the
- highest airports in the world.
-  Indigenous Autoclave Technology: CSIR-NAL has successfully developed state-of-art Indigenous Autoclave Technology for processing advanced light weight composites that are integral to modern day civil and military airframes.
-  Waste Plastics to Fuels: CSIR-IIP in collocation with and GAIL (India) Ltd have developed a technology that can convert 1 tonne of plastic waste and other Polyolefin products into 850 litres of the cleanest grade of diesel.
- High Rate Biomethanation Technology: CSIR-IICT has developed and patented a high rate biomethanation technology known as anaerobic gas lift reactor (AGR) for the generation of biogas and bio manure from organic solid waste like poultry litter, food waste, press mud, cattle manure, organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), sewage  sludge  etc.  This  has  been  implemented  in  more  than  20 places  across  the  country  including  the  Bowenpally  Vegetable
-  market in Hyderabad.
-  Whole  genome  sequencing:  CSIR  has  conducted  whole  genome sequencing of 1,008 Indians from different populations across the country.  The  whole  genome  data  is  important  for  building  the knowhow, baseline data and indigenous capacity in the emerging area  of  Precision  Medicine.  This  genome  sequencing  has  enabled benchmarking the scalability of genome sequencing and computational analysis at population scale in a defined timeline.
-  Technology for Diagnostic tests:  Technology for 27 Diagnostic tests for genetic diseases was developed and transferred to Lal Path Labs by CSIR-IGIB.
-  Drishti Transmissometer: CSIR-NAL has developed and transferred the technology of Drishti Transmissometer that have been deployed in  many  airports  in  India.  The  transmissometer  is  a  visibility measuring system, useful for  safe  airport  operations  and  landing. Drishti been installed at several airports in the country and recently the  50 th   Drishti  was  installed  at  the  runway  of  Kempegowda International Airport (KIA).
-  Made  in  India  aviation  weather  monitoring  system  installed  at Bengaluru International airport: CSIR-NAL has indigenously developed Aviation Weather Monitoring System (AWMS) which has recently been installed at the  new  runway  of  Kempegowda International Airport (KIA). With this, KIA has become the first airport in the country to install indigenous AWMS technology, at both ends of the new runway.  With the web-enabled feature, the data can be accessed, and maintenance carried out from any location. The 10-

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- meter mast on which AWMS sensors are installed is a first-of-its-kind, designed by NAL, with several unique features, including being ecofriendly  and  lightweight,  with  a  life  of  over  60  years.  The  sliding mechanism enables easy maintenance - a useful feature-considering the busy traffic on the runway.
-  CSIR-NAL's Octa-Copter: CSIR-NAL has developed a medium-class BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) multi-copter UAV. The UAV is made out of a lightweight carbon fibre foldable structure for ease of transportation and has unique features like autonomous guidance through dual redundant MEMS-based digital Autopilot with advanced flight  instrumentation  systems.  DGCA,  Ministry  of  Civil  Aviation, Govt. of India has granted conditional permission to CSIR-NAL for conducting  BVLOS  flight  trials.  Subsequently,  the  NAL  drone  has completed  about  50 hrs of flying to verify the  performance parameters  and  the  report  is  being  submitted  to  MoCA  for  type approval. NAL's Octa-copter Drone is capable of carrying payload of 20  kg  for  a  duration  of  20  minutes.  These  drones  have  been configured to suit multiple applications for societal needs. The three applications envisaged are (a) Emergency Medical/ Vaccine Delivery (b) Agricultural Spraying and (c) for Geophysical Survey applications.
-  CSIR Technologies for India's First Light Combat Aircraft - TEJAS: CSIR has been Integral Partner with ADA in Design and Development of TEJAS. CSIR developed and fabricated 165 composite parts, Flyby-Wire (FBW) Control Systems and State of art training simulator.
-  Bharatiya Nirdeshak Dravya (BND 420) is India's first home grown high purity gold reference standard developed through a collaboration  among  the  India  Government  Mint  (IGM),  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), CSIR-NPL and National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials.
-  CSIR's Divya Nayan for Visually Impound: A reading device developed by CSIR-CSIO helps the visually impaired by reading the text aloud. The  advanced  reading  machine  named  'DivyaNayan'  is  a  standalone, Portable Reading Machine (PRM). The technology has been transferred to CEL Central Electronics Limited (CEL).
-  Process Technology to create Dimethyl Ether (DME) from Methanol: CSIR-NCL  has  set-up  an  indigenous  process  technology  to  create Dimethyl  Ether  (DME)  from  methanol.  DME  is  a  clean  fuel  with potential to replace diesel and will be a non-fossil additive to LPG gas. This will also help the Prime Minister UjjwalaYojana program, by reducing LPG imports.
-  Earthquake Warning System: A first of its kind Earthquake Warning System has been developed by CSIR-CSIO. The system can sense tremors, record them and generate an SMS to the concerned action
- points, in real time. It has been deployed and is operational at Delhi Metro since July 2015.
-  Development of Green crackers with less pollutant emission: CSIRNEERI developed Green Crackers in a bid to curb air pollution. These environment friendly Crackers are of new formulations for reduced emission light and sound emitting crackers with 30% reduction in particulate  matter. CSIR  has  also  successfully  developed  various environment-friendly  fireworks  such  as  sound  emitting  crackers, flowerpots, pencils, chakkar and sparklers. CSIR in developing these green crackers have signed nearly 230 MoUs and 165 Non-disclosure Agreements with  firework  manufacturers  in  order  to  deliver  the crackers. Green logo and QR coding system was also launched to track manufacture & sale of counterfeit crackers.
-  New Improved Samba Masuri (ISM): CSIR-CCMB in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Rice Research at Hyderabad has released a new variety of rice that resists pests and is also beneficial for those with diabetes. The new Improved Samba Masuri (ISM) rice variety is resistant to Bacterial Blight (BB) and at the same time has the lowest Glycemic Index (GI) at 50.9 among all major rice varieties.
-  High-Power S-band, 2.6 MW, Magnetron: Magnetron, a high-powered vacuum tube, is an essential component for Medical LINAC (Lineal accelerator), which are widely used for external radiation treatment of cancer patients. CSIR-CEERI designed and developed 2.6 MW Sband tunable pulsed Magnetron, which was successfully tested and used as a microwave source, to generate the required X-ray dose using a LINAC system for Cancer treatment. On July 14, 2020, the technology know-how for S-band Magneton was transferred to M/s Panacea  Pvt.  Ltd.,  Bangalore,  known  for  developing  advanced radiotherapy systems for Cancer treatment.
-  Fluorescent Fibers and Ink for Security: CSIR-NIIST has developed Fluorescent Fibers and Ink for Security. Invisible fluorescent fibers find  important  use  for  preventing  currency/document/  consumer goods  counterfeiting.  Fluorescent  ink  formulations  with  unique fluorescent signatures has application for security printing.
-  CSIR Cotton Mission: CSIR initiated the Cotton Mission in 2019 to develop  next  generation  transgenic  cotton  for  broad-spectrum resistance to field pests for yield protection. For the control of the devastating cotton insect pest whitefly, CSIR-NBRI has developed 33 GM cotton lines using its patented gene Tma12. These GM cotton lines show significant tolerance to whiteflies. The problem of pink bollworm (another major cotton insect pest) is being addressed by CSIR-IICT.  For  the  control  of  whitefly  vectored  viral  diseases  in vegetable and horticultural crops, CSIR-National Botanical Research
- Institute, Lucknow has developed a new GM cotton. This GM cotton attracts whiteflies and kills them. It can guard several crops against viral  diseases.  The  technology  will  enable  farmers  to  grow  crops without application of pesticides.
-  Seaweed  Cultivation  &  Processing:  CSIR  has  provided  hands  on training  on  seedling  preparation,  farming,  harvesting  and  post harvesting of biomass to more than 2500 farmers (95% women) from Tamil  Nadu,  Gujarat  and  Andhra  Pradesh  to  encourage  them  for undertaking seaweed cultivation. Scale up of Zero Liquid discharge 'ZLD' downstream processes for the production of valuable seaweed products  have  been  performed.  Seaweed  processing  plant  (0.25 tons)  has  been  handed  over  to  Department  of  Fisheries,  Govt.  of Tamil Nadu.Kappaphycus alvarezii and Red Seaweed based formulations  for  improving  productivity  and  health  of  dairy  and poultry animals (technology transferred to AquaAgri Processing (P) Ltd).
-  Technological  innovation  Energy  Storage  devices:  Under  CSIR's Innovation  Centre  for  Next  Generation  Energy  Storage  Solutions (ICeNGESS) project, CSIR-CECRI's knowhow on Lithium-Ion Battery Technology was transferred to M/s. Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mumbai. The  major  objective  of  the  project  has  been  to  develop  next generation  energy  storage  solutions  with  100  MW  Li-ion  battery production facility creation and augmentation of existing facility to 1000  cells  per  day,  the  project  also  aimed  for  IPR  &  Technology development,  scale  up  &  production  of  battery  materials,  supply chain creation & indigenisation, sustainability of Lithium from Coal and to develop Public Private Partnership (PPP).
-  Gaon Ka Pani Gaon Mein: CSIR has led a Mission mode project for developing  Village  Level  Water  Management  (VLWM)  Plans  for augmenting water resources in selected villages. Mission on HighResolution Aquifer Mapping & Management in Arid Regions of NorthWestern India has also been launched and implemented in association with the Ministry of Jal Shakti under Jal Jeevan Mission. Use of advanced Heliborne geophysical survey and other scientific studies have been initiated under the Aquifer Mapping Programme of the Mission. So far, 1 lakh Sq. Km Heliborne geophysical survey data has been collected in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat. This  survey  led  into  identification  of  water  source  at  Munjasar, Lohawat Block, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan.
-  Launch of  India's  first  indigenously  developed  Hydrogen  Fuel  Cell Bus: India's first indigenously developed bus to run on hydrogen fuel cell been designed and developed by CSIR-NCL and CSIR-CECRI in collaboration with Sentient Labs. The 32-seater bus, equipped with
- central air conditioning facility, is designed to provide a range of 450 kilometres by utilising 30 kg of Hydrogen. The bus uses hydrogen fuel cells and air to generate electricity for power and can run for 600 km without  stopping.  The  only  emission  from  the  bus  is  water,  thus, making it the most environment friendly mode of transportation. The 'Made in India' hydrogen fuel cell bus was launched on 21 August 2022, in Pune.
-  Design and development of CSIR - TechnoS Raman Spectrometers (CTR Series): CSIR developed and commercialized Raman spectrometers in a Public-Private Partnership, in a collaboration of CSIR-AMPRI,  Bhopal  and  M/S  TechnoS  Instruments,  Jaipur.  Two models of high-end commercial grade Raman Spectrometers, CTR300 and CTR-150 have been developed and approved for marketing by the industry partner, M/S TechnoS Instruments in January 2022.
-  Maiden  flight  of  HANSA-NG:  CSIR-NAL  designed  and  developed Hansa NG aircraft which is an all composite two seat light trainer aircraft to be used as an ab-initio flying training aircraft for the flying clubs in India, with significant modifications on Hansa 3 aircraft to make it more useful as a trainer aircraft. The newly developed Hansa 3 (NG) made its maiden flight on 3 rd  September 2021 after obtaining special  flight  permit  by  DGCA.  The  20-minute  sortie  saw  the  first prototype of the Hansa 3 (NG) attain a maximum altitude of 4,000 feet and a speed of 80 knots before it made a successful touch down. Further, the aircraft has successfully completed the sea level trials at Puducherry between February 19 and March 5. The aircraft was flown  to  Puducherry,  covering  140  nautical  miles  in  one  and  half hours  at  a  cruising  speed  of  155  km/hr,  on  19 th   February  2022. Further, HANSA-NG Aircraft successfully completed in-flight engine relight  test  at  DRDO's  Aeronautical  Test  Range  (ATR)  facility, Challakere  on  17 th   May,  2022.  Flight  test  was  carried  out  at  an altitude of 7000-8000 feet with the speed range of 60 to 70 knots. The  in-flight  engine  relight  test  is  most  critical  and  important milestone towards certification of the aircraft by DGCA.
-  Development of Indian National Footwear Sizing System: CSIR-CLRI conducted  a  nationwide  survey  on  foot  dimensions  of  the  Indian population using 3D Digital Imaging technique to establish the Indian Footwear  Sizing  System.  Thirty  numbers  of  3D  Foot  Scanners ordered  and  installed  during  the  last  week  of  September  2021. Synergy  Partners  were  identified,  and  MoU  signed  with  Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTI), Chennai, CFTI Agra, Government College  of  Engineering  and  Leather  Technology  (GCELT),  Kolkata and Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology (MIT), Muzaffarpur. Demographic locations (79 districts) finalized based on the
- recommendations of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). Hands on Training for 90 field staff on 3D foot scanner started on 5th October  2021.    A  total  of  1,01,880  foot  measurements  have  been carried out by the end of March 2022. The Indian National Footwear Sizing System that is being developed will help the populace to get well  fitting  shoes  that  adhere  to  the  contours  of  their  feet  thus ensuring perfect fit and comfort and also prevent foot debilitations.
- Development  of  Mechanized  Scavenging  machine:  CSIR-CMERI designed and development the Mechanized Scavenging machine for up to 5,000 people density i.e. best suitable up to 300 mm diameter and up to a 100 metre length of the sewer system. The scavenging system is very economical and it will help the manual scavengers to enhance  their  efficiency,  performance  and  also  safeguard  them against intrusive pathogens. The system was demonstrated at the premises of the CSIR-NPL, Delhi on 27 th  October 2021. The system is rigorously tested in the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, National Power Training Institute, Durgapur, DVC colony, DSP colony in  Durgapur. The technology Know how has been transferred to 2
-  MSMEs.
-  CSIR 'JIGYASA Initiative":  JIGYASA is one of the major initiatives taken  up  by  CSIR  at  national  level  to  widen  and  deepen  CSIR's Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR) by connecting school students to scientists at CSIR. CSIR has signed MoU with KendriyaVidyalayaSangathan (KVS), Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya. More than 3,00,000 students have benefitted from the programme. Recently, CSIR has engaged with Atal Tinkering Labs of Niti Aayog and  aims  to  adopt  295  Atal  Tinkering  Labs  established  by  Atal Innovation  Mission  nationwide  to  spur  STEM  based  research  and innovation  interest  in  students  leveraging  its  scientists  and  labs. India's  first  Virtual  Science  Lab  for  children  under  CSIR  Jigyasa programme  was  launched  on  22  November  2021.  More  than  170 activities such as comics, infographics, videos, simulations, games, podcast etc. are available on the Jigyasa online portal. The major objective  of  Jigyasa  2.0:  Virtual  Lab  integration  program  is  to develop  an  inspirational  science  lab  where  students  will  play, simulate, experiment, read and have fun while carrying out experiments  virtually  from  any  part  of  the  nation.  Recently  CSIRJigyasa mobile app and Indian Sign Language (ISL)-enabled astronomy lab for divyangjan students located in Karnal under the Jigyasa programme have been launched. The Jigyasa mobile app will be a game changer and school students can directly connect with CSIR scientists and interact with them to enhance their scientific
- acumen. Students will also be made aware of the latest happenings under CSIR -Jigyasa initiative from various labs of CSIR. Indian Sign Language (ISL)-enabled astronomy lab will provide an opportunity to expose divyangjan students to science and stimulate their curiosity besides promoting innovative spirit.
-  Connect global Indian Scientific Community on Digital mode: CSIR has  developed  a  virtual  platform  -  PRABHASS  (Pravasi  Bharatiya Academic and Scientific Sampark) Portal to connect with the global Indian  S&T  Diaspora  for  jointly  addressing  societal  challenges/ problems. Database of over 6000 Diasporas from 47 countries are available.
-  CSIR 'Skill India Initiative': In addition to the above, CSIR laboratories  have  been  continuously  providing  training  in  diverse areas for undergraduates, post graduates and Research students. They  are  also  engaged  in  conducting  Industry  oriented  training/ skilling programmes that have been well accepted by users. In order to  encapsulate  all  CSIR  skill/  training  programmes  under  one umbrella that envisages to cater to a diverse cross-section of people at various levels beginning with school dropouts to farmers to ITI diploma holders to graduates, CSIR has launched the programme on 'Skill India Initiative' in 2016. The emphasis is to create a robust and sustainable  identified  training  modules  of  existing  and  new  skill/ training  programmes  of  trans-disciplinary  in  nature  for  workforce generation for the industrial requirement. CSIR has already trained more than 2 lakh personnel, since the launch of the scheme, under the initiative.
-  CSIR-NAL Launches Q Plane: An All-Electric Hybrid UAV for Last Mile Delivery and  Surveillance: In a significant  step  towards advancing  the  capabilities  of  unmanned  aerial  vehicles  (UAVs)  in India, the CSIR-NAL unveiled the Q Plane - a lightweight all-electric UAV with vertical-take-off-and-landing capability. during the curtain raiser  of  One  Week,  One  Lab,  on  2 nd   August  2023.  Designed  for autonomous  flight,  the  UAV  has  a  range  of  30  kilometres  and endurance of up to 70 minutes.
-  Launch of CSIR-NAL's JALDOST airboat: JALDOST, an airboat that operates  on  water,  is  designed  and  developed  by  CSIR-NAL  to remove excess aquatic weed and floating waste from water bodies. The  JALDOST  has  a  closed  airtight  pontoon  type  hull  to  make  it inherently unsinkable. It has a hybrid propulsion system, comprising air propulsion and paddle wheel propulsion. CSIR-NAL has developed two  versions  of  the  airboat  -  JALDOST  Mark-1  and  an  upgraded version JALDOST Mark-2. The JALDOST Mark-2 has been designed on the specifications given by BBMP and can be used to clean lakes
- in Bengaluru. It was launched on 2 nd  August 2023, during the curtain raiser of One Week, One Lab, of CSIR-NAL.
-  Leather made from Mango Pulp: A company in India is producing an eco-friendly vegan alternative to synthetic leather by using mango fruits  based  on  the  technology  developed  by  CSIR-CLRI.  India produces  20  million  tons  of  mango  a  year,  making  it  the  world's largest  producer  of  mango.  In  India  up  to  40%  of  mangoes  are abandoned in the fields because they do not meet regulatory and market  standards,  so  they  can  be  used  to  produce  alternative material to leather. The new material is made of 50% mango and degrades faster than polyurethane leather.
-  Release  of Bharatiya  Nirdeshak  Dravyas  (BNDs):  CSIR-NPL  has released more than fifty BNDs since 2014 developed under the inhouse  BND  Program  of  NPL  and  also  in  collaboration  with  other agencies. A few significant ones have been the release of Gold and Silver BNDs with different purities, release of Water BNDs to make India self-sufficient in water CRMs and release & export of Cement BNDs.
-  A  new  multi-component  alloy-based  catalyst  designed  for  efficient production of Green Hydrogen: Scientists from the Centre for Nano and  Soft  Matter  Sciences  (CeNS),  Bangalore,  and  the  National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, have developed a promising catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a crucial step in water  electrolysis  for  producing  hydrogen.  This  newly  designed catalyst, a mixture of cobalt, manganese, and tin known as Co-Mn-Sn alloy, has shown  better  efficiency and  stability in generating hydrogen as compared to the individual metals or binary (Co-Mn, MnSn or Co-Sn) alloys. The presence of manganese and tin in the alloy played a synergistic role in boosting its performance. As the Co-MnSn alloy does not contain any platinum group metal it offers exciting prospects.
-  Sickle Cell Anaemia:  Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common blood related disorder in India with a high prevalence among ethnic groups  that  have  a  socio-economic  disadvantage,  such  as  tribal populations. Following directions of Hon'ble Prime Minister, CSIR is implementing a Mission Mode Project since 2017. Focusing on two states, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, CSIR mission has developed a comprehensive  screening  model  by  taking a multi-pronged approach  of  population  screening,  especially  focusing  on  schoolgoing  children,  antenatal  screening  of  pregnant  women  and  new born screening. Close to 25 lakh children have been screened in the two states and patients and carriers have been provided support. Hundreds  of  target  couples  were  identified  and  through  prenatal
- diagnosis and counselling, birth of affected kids has been prevented. With the success of the model, the same has now been extended to certain regions of Madhya Pradesh and plans are on for covering the state of Jharkhand in near future.
-  Novel Therapy for Management of Sepsis: In the partnership of M/s Cadila  Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.  and  PGI,  Chandigarh  under  a  CSIR -NMITLI  project,  a  randomized,  double  blind,  two  arms,  active comparator controlled, phase IIb clinical trial to study the safety and efficacy of Mycobacterium w in combination with standard therapy versus  standard  therapy  alone  in  sepsis  due  to  gram  negative infection was undertaken . The clinical trial report was submitted to DCGI which has approved the drug for use . With the success of the trial, Cadila Pharmaceuticals has launched the product, 'Sepsivac' which is poised to resolve the unmet medical need of the world by gram negative bacterial infections.
-  Hydrogen Standard in Steel: Certified reference material (CRM) used for  determination  of  hydrogen  in  steel  by  hot  fusion  technique  is cumbersome in terms of both cost and time as it an import product to India. CSIR-NML has developed an indigenous hydrogen standard (CRM) in steel as an import substitution. The CRM developed are cost  effective  (≈50%  reduced  cost)  compared  to  available  import standard.  CSIR-NML  is  in  advance  stage  in  commercializing  the hydrogen standard in steel as an indigenous product for the Indian customers.
-  Technology for Organic Farming: CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL),  Pune,  has  signed  a  Technology  Licensing  Agreement with Greenvention Biotech Pvt. Ltd, Pune, for integrated pest and pathogen management in agriculture using fungi and their metabolites  ,  on  12 th   June  2019.  Eco-Friendly,  integrated  pest management in agriculture approach has been developed at CSIRNCL as a technology using microorganisms such as fungi and their products. An eco-friendly, cost-effective, integrated pest management  shall  be  useful  to  the  farmers  having  small  land holdings as well as to the farmers who export agricultural produce that has no chemical residues. Greenvention Biotech Pvt. Ltd is a start-up  from  Uruli-Kanchan  (Pune)  works  on  several  agriculturerelated products.
-  Waterless Chrome Tanning Technologya Game Changing Technology: Chromium is the most sought after tanning agent with about  2.0  billion  sq.  ft.  of  leather  being  made  in  India.  About  20 thousand  tons  of  chrome  tanning  agent  is  discharged  in  the wastewater.  In  order  to  overcome  the  problem,  CSIR-CLRI  has developed  waterless  chrome  tanning  technology.  The  waterless
- tanning  technology  has  now  found  PAN  INDIA  acceptance,  with tanners in all clusters enrolling for its adoption. The technology has been put to use in about 50 tanneries in the country. This is truly a game changing technology that has emerged from the CSIR through CLRI.
-  High Grade Gelatin from and Protein Hydrolysate from Raw Hide and Skin Trimming Wastes: Gelatin is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to make capsules for drugs as well as in the food industry to make jelly candies, ice cream, and as thickening agent in cakes and  soups.Leather  processing  generates  huge  amount  of  raw trimming wastes. CSIR-CLRI has developed technology for making high grade gelatin from waste material-trimmings of raw hide. The technology developed by CSIR-CLRI is towards complete utilization of proteinous constituents present in the trimmings. This technology is  exclusively  licensed  at  a  cost  of  Rs.  One  Crore  to  M/s  Anipro Manufacturing Company for making gelatin and protein hydrolysate within India.
-  CSIR  technologies and products for Medium,  Small &  Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) -Catalysing upgradation, promotion & development: A directory of CSIR technologies (642 in number) has been  created  and  shared  with  DC,  MSME.    Technology/product demonstration and awareness raising events have been organised on Medicinal & Aromatic plants, Leather, Electrochemical Technologies and Food & Food Processing.
-  Anti-diabetes  Herbal  Drug  Launched:  Focused  efforts  towards Affordable  Healthcare  -  The  CSIR  constituent  laboratories  CSIRNational Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) and CSIR-Central Institute  for  Medicinal  and  Aromatic  Plants  (CSIR-CIMAP)  have jointly developed an anti-diabetic herbal formulation from a combination  of  natural  extracts  derived  from  six  plant  species mentioned  in  ancient  Ayurveda  texts.  The  drug,  BGR-34,  was approved by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) after it was tested on patients over  a  period  of  18  months  across  the  states  of  Delhi,  Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Karnataka. The drug, to be taken as an  add-on  or  adjuvant  to  existing  diabetes  treatment,  helps  in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, in addition to improving the immune system, releasing antioxidants and checking free radicals. About 67% patients showed normal blood sugar levels within 3-4 days of drug usage. The drug has been licensed to Delhi-based Aimil Pharamaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. for commercialization. The herbal drug costs Rs. 5 per pill, and has been launched in parts of North India.
-  Streptokinase:  From  Natural  to  Recombinant  to  Next-generation Drugs - CSIR has developed a portfolio of Streptokinase technology, a vital, life-saver injectable protein cardiovascular drug. Natural and recombinant  streptokinase  developed  by  CSIR  is  already  in  the market benefiting the people of the country. CSIR has also designed a  state-of-the-art  clot  buster  protein  (Clot  Specific  Streptokinase) which shows strong promise as a 'clot-specific' thrombolytic drug has  received  clearance  from  DCGI  and  is  currently  in  Phase  II clinical  trials.  Further,  it  has  developed  new  generation  of  clotbusters comprising clinically beneficial thrombolytic molecules with enhanced half-lives so that lower doses can be given in a single-shot bolus as well as target (fibrin/clot) specificity.
-  Vaccine against Johne's disease -Johne's disease (JD) is progressive granulomatous enteritis of ruminants characterized by untreatable, profuse, chronic diarrhoea, weight loss, and emaciation. JD may be the major cause of reduced productivity in Indian animals, which number over 200 million. JD is endemic in the ruminant population of India and has also been reported from human beings. Two formulations of vaccine i.e. JD Oil and JD Gel have been developed under the CSIR-NMITLI Scheme with M/s Biovet Private Limited,  Bengaluru.  The  vaccine  is  the  first  indigenous  vaccine against Johne's disease affecting ruminants. The Drugs Controller General  of  India  (DCGI)  has  approved  and  State  Drug  Authority, Karnataka has issued drug manufacturing license for manufacture of the vaccine developed.
-  Anti-diabetes  Herbal  Drug  Launched:  Focused  efforts  towards Affordable  Healthcare  -  The  CSIR  constituent  laboratories  CSIRNational Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) and CSIR-Central Institute  for  Medicinal  and  Aromatic  Plants  (CSIR-CIMAP)  have jointly developed an anti-diabetic herbal formulation from a combination  of  natural  extracts  derived  from  six  plant  species mentioned  in  ancient  Ayurveda  texts.  The  drug,  BGR-34,  was approved by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) after it was tested on patients over  a  period  of  18  months  across  the  states  of  Delhi,  Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Karnataka. The drug, to be taken as an  add-on  or  adjuvant  to  existing  diabetes  treatment,  helps  in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, in addition to improving the immune system, releasing antioxidants and checking free radicals. About 67% patients showed normal blood sugar levels within 3-4 days of drug usage. The drug has been licensed to Delhi-based Aimil Pharamaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. for commercialization. The herbal drug costs Rs. 5 per pill, and has been launched in parts of North India.
-  eSkIN - An in silico Platform for Skin Data Analysis - Under the CSIRNMITLI project CSIR-IGIB and CSIR-NCL in collaboration with NII, JNU  and  Persistent  Systems  Ltd.,  has  developed  and  launched 'eSkIN', a first- of- its- kind computational platform that converts large scale high-throughput omics data into biomedical knowledge. It  empowers  skin  researchers  to  predict  the  effects  of  their compounds on human skin in a cost and time - efficient manner with reduced animal testing.
-  Anaerobic digester to convert household organic kitchen waste to biogas:  Interventions  for  Swachh  Bharat  -  Biodegradable  wastes from kitchen contribute significantly  to  pollution,  which  demands immediate management and treatment. The technology for converting household organic kitchen waste to biogas was developed by CSIR-National Institute for  Interdisciplinary  Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram. Each anaerobic digester has a capacity to convert up to 3kg per day bio-degradable kitchen waste which will be converted to 400 litre biogas which can be used as fuel. In the process, it will discharge about 2.5 litres of manure which can be used for kitchen garden. The technology has been transferred to Pune based company, Mailhem Ikos Environment Pvt Ltd and will also be utilised by Thiruvananthapuram Corporation.
-  CSIR-Centre for Strategic Urban Management (C-SUM) -Interventions  for  Swachh  Bharat  -  CSIR-National  Environmental Engineering Research Institute has established a Centre for Strategic Urban Management (C-SUM), which aims to involve urban local bodies and stakeholders for building smart sustainable cities. C-SUM will provide the solutions to improve the city's environmental quality and reduce carbon footprint. It will also address the local environmental  issues  on  priority  to  better  achieve  sustainable urbanization with appropriate environmental planning, management capacity  and  policy  application.  C-SUM  will  form  a  nation-wide network for implementation of effective strategies with respect to water and waste water management, management of urban flooding, storm water and sanitation. Innovative technological solutions will be provided for the site-specific sewage and waste water treatment. C-SUM will also suggest waste management strategies for betterment of environment and health.
-  Simultaneous Production of  US  Grade  Gasoline  and  Pure Benzene from FCC C6 Heart Cut - Plant Commissioned by Industry - CSIRIndian  Institute  of  Petroleum  (CSIR-IIP),  Dehradun  carried  out substantial  experimental  and  simulation  studies  with  feedstock provided by M/s Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and demonstrated that  US  grade  gasoline  and  pure  benzene  can  be  simultaneously
- produced  from  a  FCC  C6  heart  cut  stream  using  extractive distillation  (ED)  route  with  aqueous  NMP  as  the  solvent.  The technology has been transferred to RIL which had set up 600,000 MTPA  unit  costing Rs.160.00 crore. The  unit based  on  this technology was successfully commissioned in RIL Jamnagar DTA site under J3 Expansion Project in May 2016, and is under smooth operation with design throughput.
-  Hydrofluorocarbons  Manufacturing  Technology  for  Refrigerators: Towards 'Make in India': A technology to manufacture hydrofluorocarbons  used  in  refrigeration  systems  as  a  coolant  to reduce  global  warming  has  been  developed  by  the  CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad. The technology has been denied by MNCs in the US, UK, France, Japan and China, which have vested interests of only selling the gas for a high price. The indigenous technology so developed has already  been  transferred  to  two  industries  that  have  funded  the research, with one industry already setting up a manufacturing plant producing 50 per cent of the need of the country.
-  Mobile Bridge Inspection Unit (MBIU) and Pothole Repairing Machine (PATCHFILL)  licensed  to  seven  industries  for  commercialization: The  CSIR's  technologies  are  for  unmet  needs  and  are  an  effort towards 'Make in India'. The MBIU is an electro-mechanical device mounted on a truck that provides access to intricate part of bridges within a short period and facilitates structural engineers to conduct Visual/Non-destructive testing inspection of road bridges. PATCHFILL  is  a  compact  machine  for  quick,  safe  and  economic repair of potholes using cold mix with efficiency matching to giant machines serving the same purpose.
-  E-Nose to Detect Toxic Fumes - Sensors based Innovative Solution for Monitoring Environmental Pollution: The CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) have jointly developed the first indigenous "electronic nose' that can sniff out volatile organic compounds (VOCs) potentially harmful to human life  in  a  very  short  time.  The portable instrument measures odour concentration and intensity, besides identifying individual chemicals causing the foul smell. The E-nose has been successfully put  to  use  at  Mysore  Paper  Mills,  Bhadravathi,  Karnataka,  Tamil Nadu  Newsprint  and  Paper  Mill,  Karur  and  International  Paper Private Limited, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
-  Improved Variety of Ashwagandha Released - Enhancing Livelihood of Farmers: Under the CSIR-NMITLI Scheme, a new improved high yielding variety of Ashwagandha, NMITLI-101 has been developed through  the  strong  collaborative  efforts  of  four  CSIR  laboratories namely,  CSIR-NBRI,  CSIR-CIMAP,  CSIR-CDRI  and  CSIR-IICB.  The

chemotype,  NMITLI-101  is  an  improved  variety  rich  in  major withanolides (active compounds) such as withaferin A, withanone and withanolide A. The average root yield from NMITLI-101 crop is about 25 quintal/hectare and the seed production from the variety is up to 3 quintal/ha, under optimum conditions. The roots of the variety its have excellent immunomodulation  activity responsible for medicinal properties.

##  International Collaborations

- Training  for  SAARC  countries:  CSIR  is  involved  in  training  of Researchers and government officials from SAARC Countries in the  area  of  Coastal  Zone  &  River  Basin  Management.  This  is being  sponsored  by  the  SAARC  Centre  for  Coastal  Zone Management, Maldives. CSIR has initiated a dialogue with the SAARC  Secretariat,  Kathmandu  to  take  up  socially  relevant collaborative S&T projects. CSIR is also helping some SAARC and African countries towards the human resource development (HRD)  of  their  young  scientists  through  attachment  training
- o programmes in CSIR laboratories.
- o Signing  of  MoU  with  MIDI,  Ethopia  and  Visit  of  Ethiopian Delegates:  A  letter  of  Intent  (LoI)  was  signed  between  the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India and the Metals Industry Development  Institute (MIDI), Ministry of Industry,  Federal  Democratic  Republic  of  Ethiopia  (FDRE)  on August 6, 2014.  A five-member Ethiopian Delegation led by H. E. Mr. Tadesse Haile, Hon. State Minister, Ministry of Industry visited CSIR, New Delhi and a few constituent laboratories of CSIR to enter into a new twinning arrangement with CSIR, India for  capacity  and  capability  building  of  'Ethiopian  metals  and engineering sectors' through the Metals Industry Development Institute (MIDI), Ministry of Industry, FDRE.
- o Working  programme  between  CSIR  and  Vietnam  National University:  A  'Working  Programme'  between  CSIR  and  the Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam for the years 2014-16  was  signed  for  S&T  collaboration  in  the  areas  of Chemical Science & Technology and Geosciences, Oceanography and Climate Change. This was in continuation with the MoU signed between CSIR and VNU during the state visit  of  H.  E.  Mr.  Nguyen  Phu  Trong,  General  Secretary,  the Communist Party of Vietnam on November 20, 2013.
- o Under India's G20 Presidency, CSIR organized G20 RIIG Conference on Materials for Sustainable Energy gets underway
- in Ranchi during 02-03 March 2023: CSIR organized the Research and Innovation Initiative Gathering (RIIG) Conference on 'Materials for Sustainable Energy' during 02-03 March 2023 at Ranchi under India's G20 Presidency. Various facets of 'Materials for Sustainable Energy' were discussed under three sessions,  viz.,  (i)  21st  Century  Challenges  Related  to  Energy Materials & Devices, (ii) Solar Energy Utilisation and Photovoltaic Technology, and (iii) Materials and Processes for Green  Energy.  Leading  experts  were  drawn  from  institutions such as IITs, IISERs, CSIR Labs; industries; think tanks including NITI Aayog; and Indian Energy Storage Alliance. Twenty foreign delegates  from  ten  G20  member  countries,  six  invited  guest countries and an international organisation joined the two-day conference. From India, 38 delegates and special invitees from scientific departments, research and academic institutions and industry participated in the RIIG Conference.
- o MoU  between  CSIR,  India  and  BCSIR,  Bangladesh:  In  an important  milestone  in  S&T  Cooperation  between  India  and Bangladesh,  an  MoU  between  CSIR,  India  and  Bangladesh Council  of  Scientific  and  Industrial  Research  (BCSIR)  was concluded on 6 September 2022 to establish a broad framework to promote scientific and technological cooperation. The MoU, signed by Dr. N. Kalaiselvi, DG, CSIR and Dr. Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh, Chairman, BCSIR, was exchanged at New Delhi in the presence of  Hon'ble  Prime  Minister  of  India,  Shri  Narendra  Modi  and Hon'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Ms. Sheikh Hasina.
- o MoU between CSIR, India and AMEXCID, Mexico: In a landmark milestone  in  S&T  Cooperation  between  India  and  Mexico,  an MoU on Research,  Technology  &  Innovation  cooperation  was signed  between  CSIR,  India  and  the  Mexican  Agency  for International Development Cooperation (AMEXCID) of the Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs  of  the  United  Mexican  States.  The MoU  shall  facilitate  cooperation  in  the  areas  of  research, technological development/deployment, innovation and capacity building, with an objective to expand knowledge and strengthen Intuitional capacities in both the countries.
- o MoU between CSIR, India  and  Institut  Pasteur,  France:  CSIR, India and Institut Pasteur, France signed an MoU on January 25, 2022 for  jointly  researching  and  focusing  on  emerging  and remerging  infectious  diseases  and  inherited  disorders  and enable delivery of effective and affordable healthcare solutions not only for the people of India and France but for the global good. The MoU provides for developing potential scientific and
- technological  cooperation  and  networking  in  advanced  and emerging  areas  of  Human  Health  between  scientists  and institutes/laboratories  of  CSIR  and  Institut  Pasteur  and  its
- international network.
- o Access Agreement signed with new foreign patent offices: CSIRTKDL has signed TKDL Access Agreement with Institut National de la Propriété Industrielle (National Industrial Property Institute), France and Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) on 16  Sep  2022  and  21  Feb  2023,  respectively.  With  these agreements, 16 patent offices worldwide have now access to TKDL  database  as  prior  art related to Indian traditional knowledge for the purposes of patent grant procedure.
-  CSIR's  contributions  towards  mitigation  of  SARS-CoV2  pandemic: The unprecedented situation arisen due to the COVID-19 pandemic has posed multifarious S&T challenges. CSIR has responded to the situation with a well-coordinated and integrated approach  in cooperation  with  all  relevant  stakeholders.  CSIR  extended  all possible  R&D  support  to  the  industry  and  also  aligned  to  the Government's strategy of mitigation of outbreak. Within the constraints  of  the  lockdown  in  the  country,  CSIR  took  initiatives under five verticals: Digital and Molecular Surveillance; Rapid and Economical  Diagnosis;  Development  of  new  drugs/repurposing  of drugs; Hospital Assistive Devices and PPEs; and Supply chain and logistics.  CSIR  has  developed  100+  technologies  under  these technology  verticals.  Some  of  the  significant  technologies  and processes developed by CSIR are as under:
- o CRISPR/ Cas based paper diagnostic test (FELUDA)
- o
- o
- Dry-Swab-Direct-RTPCR Diagnostic
- Clinical Trials of Ayurveda based drugs
- o CSIR-IICT assisted and helped in fulfilling 'vaccine for all' motto by developing ascalable and cost-effective synthetic process for Adjuvant  molecule  for  Covaxin  -  an  indigenously  developed vaccine for Covid-19 mitigation by Bharat Biotech International Ltd.
- o SwasthVayu Non-invasive Ventilator developed by CSIR-NAL.
- o Oxygen Plants set-up by CSIR-IIP
- o Make-Shift  Hospitals  for  Covid-19  patients  developed  by  CSIR
- labs
- o UV Disinfection Systems installed at the four sensitive locations in Parliament House Complex: LokSabha Chamber; Central Hall of Parliament; Committee Room No. 62 & 63
- o Air surveillance for SARS-CoV2 in hospitals and home settings
- o Octacopter drones for Vaccine delivery
- o PPE Coveralls developed by CSIR-NAL
- o A  cost-effective  process  of  Favipiravir  for  the  treatment  of COVID-19 patients has been developed by CSIR-IICT. CSIR-IICT developed  the  process  using  locally  available  chemicals  to synthesise  this  Active  Pharmaceutical  Ingredient  (API)  and transferred the technology to Cipla. Cipla has launched this in the market as Ciplenza.

Significant measures/ initiatives undertaken in the domain of Medical Imaging Solutions

## Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

The  CSIR  being  in  role  of  technology  provider  for  the  industry,  has operationalized desired mechanisms to boost entrepreneurship, which could lead to enhanced creation and commercialization of radical and disruptive innovations, underpinning the development of new economic sectors. CSIR continuously supports for development of technological solutions through its network of national laboratories and is also making efforts  for  development  of  medical  technologies  including  medical imaging solutions, to facilitate affordable and reliable access. Significant initiatives undertaken by CSIR in the domain are as under:

1. Vascular sclerotherapy guidance and assistance tools for clinical diagnostics and treatment of venous malformations (Vascu-Guide): Infrared imaging-based image-guided approach to map and examine the  deep  and  superficial  venous  to  pinpoint  the  treatment  point location during Vascular sclerotherapy. Imported vein visualization devices are of low resolution, having limited use for sclerotherapy. Proposed technology aims to develop AI powered, hands-free vein visualization  and  guidance  functionality  to  the  assist  vascular surgeons during the treatment of venous malformations. The unique features  of  the  technology  include  hands-free  and  non-contact visualization and guidance functionality for the vascular surgeons during the treatment of venous malformations. It is an alternative to the conventional low-resolution ultrasound imaging that limits the vascular surgeon to accurately see and treat minute veins, bifurcations or clots. It gives high-resolution vasculature information map on large-screen with assistive software tools for detection of the morphological characteristics of problematic and nonproblematic veins for clear visualization and classification useful for vascular surgeon towards treatment planning with recording facility.

Current Status: Clinical data collection, assistive software tools and algorithm  fine  tuning  towards  detection  and  visualization  of  vein morphological characteristics is in progress.

2. Thermal  imaging  based  non-invasive  technique  for  diagnosis  of musculoskeletal  disorders  (MSD):  The  technologies  used  as  gold standard for Knee OA severity prediction are X-ray (Radiography), MRI or CT scan that collects information from the target by emitting some waves, energy or radiation towards it. These approaches have certain drawbacks i.e. CT or X-ray scan uses ionizing radiations may have harmful effects if frequent scans are required. In case of MRI it cannot  be  used  if  patient  is  using  implants  pacemaker  etc.  Here thermography is used, a technique which 'captures' infrared thermal emissions from subjects. Therefore, there is no harmful radiations or energies are being used for scanning; this is a non-invasive and noncontact based system. Hence, this system can be used as the first step of diagnosis of Knee OA as an adjunctive tool.

Current  Status:  CSIR-CSIO  Chandigarh,  is  engaged  in  design  and development of a computer-aided diagnosis system utilizing thermal imaging techniques. Through collaborative efforts with PGIMER, the prototype for non-contact and noninvasive systems for the diagnosis of  knee  arthritis  and  compartment  syndrome  is  developed.  The developed system is undergoing trials with the participating hospital

PGIMER.

3. DRISTISCOPE  Surgical Microscope: Dristiscope-an operating microscope developed at CSIO, is primarily a medical instrument to assist the doctor in cataract surgery and other ophthalmic surgeries. It is used for precision surgical applications like keratoplasty, keratoprothitics, and cataract operations. The design is  on  the  principle  of  a  telescopic  magnifier  and  five  steps  of magnification. The salient features of the Dritsiscope are, five step magnification; large working distance between operation field and microscope; adequate contrast and resolution; brilliant & uniform illumination;  provision  of  blue  &  yellow  filters;  adjustable  inter binocular  distance  (56mm  to  75mm);  low  BOM  cost  i.e.  50%    as compared global bands etc.

Current Status: Two prototypes have been fabricated and demonstrated to eye surgeons, results are encouraging and Ethical clearance  is  yet  to  be  obtained  and  the  same  is  under  progress. Expression of Intrest has been raised for technology transfer and future production.

4. Image-Guided Vascular Vein Visualizer: Vein-Viz is an indigenous, affordable,  non-contact  and  portable  device  for  vascular  vein

detection  and  visualization  in  real-time  through  infrared  imaging technique  useful  for  precise  catheter  insertion  or  piercing  of peripheral veins for persons with hidden and difficult to access vein. It is useful towards finding and visualizing clinically relevant difficult to  access veins in children, obese and elderly. This device could assist  Phlebotomists  and  healthcare  workers  improve  patient experience by reducing number of sticks, lower catheter dwell time, and precise venipuncture avoiding associated complications.

Current  Status:    Prototype  is  ready,  clinical  data  acquisition  and clinical  trials  for  performance  optimization  is  under  process  at

GMCH, Chandigarh.

- Embedded  vision  based  intraoral  scanner  for  dental  diagnostics: Non-ionizing  and  portable  intraoral  scanner  device  based  upon multispectral /multi-dimensional illumination and embedded vision to detect and identify different aspects of tooth structures and its damage due to caries quantitatively. The proposed dental scanner device is ideal for children, pregnant women, and patients where Ray exposure needs to be avoided. It is convenient, inexpensive, and  rapid  way  to  evaluate  the  dental  structures,  its  anatomy,
5. X -abnormalities, and diseases.

Current Status: The Prototype is under development

6. Artificial intelligence based Automated interpretation of echocardiographic image from Hand held echocardiography (HHE) devices: Technological advancements have resulted in the emergence of miniaturized handheld echocardiography  equipment so  echo  can  be  readily  performed  at  the  point  of  care  with acceptable image quality. Though hand held echocardiography with low cost, simplicity of use, bedside availability and easy transportability has encouraged physicians to use these devices for prompt medical decision making and screening, their full potential is  still  unrealized. Despite clinical evidence supporting the use of handheld  devices  in  various  clinical  settings  and  by  different medical practitioners, proficiency in point-of-care ultrasound requires dedicated training in both performance and interpretation of echo image. Development of AI based automated echocardiography  image  interpretation  and  pathology  recognition would help a technical person to interpret the scan as abnormal and provide tertiary care referral. Thus, the facility can be extended to rural/remote  areas  where  cardiology  expertise  is  not  available,

significantly decreasing the cost of health care and allowing patient follow  up.  This  proposed  system  is  an  AI  based  Software  tool  for automatic echocardiographic image interpretation such as Quantification of Structural and Functional parameters and classification for disease detection of heart.

Current Status:  The project has been approved by ICMR-DHR and the funding will be released soon for carrying out this research work in collaboration with PGIMER, Chandigarh

7. AutoCEPH - Cephalometric Analysis Software: AutoCEPH© is a 2-D cephalometric analysis software to assist orthodontic and maxillofacial  surgeons  perform  analysis  for  their  patients.  It  has been developed by CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation,  Chandigarh,  India  in  collaboration  with  Centre  for Dental Education and Research (CDER), AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Current Status: It is  available  over  the  web  as  a  service  delivery model inspired from a cloud based architecture. AutoCEPH provides maxillofacial surgeons to perform 16 lateral analyses.

Department of Science and Technology (DST)

DST  is  running  a  programme  on  Biomedical  Device  and  Technology Development (BDTD) since year 2016 with a focus on development of devices and related technologies. The mandate of BDTD is to evolve and support projects for design & development of devices for:

- Early-Stage Prototype Development: (The integration and testing of basic components in a laboratory environment);
- Late-Stage Prototype Development (Fabrication of compact prototype for testing and validation); and
- Pilot  Scale  Testing  and  validation:  (Upon  completion  of  the technology's design, fabrication final testing with limited number of prototypes) with mandatory manufacturer industry participation.

The targeted categories include screening, diagnostic, surgical and life support equipments for clinical applications in healthcare sector. The following activities are considered:

- Evolving,  supporting  and  monitoring  R&D  projects  for  design  & development of devices
- Supporting capacity building activities such as Training Programmes, Workshops/Seminars/ Symposia, brainstorming
- ·

sessions, industry-academia interactions. Infrastructure creation to promote device development activity.

Under the  programme, the  DST  has  also  established  Biomedical-hubs which  house  sophisticated  facilities  to  assist  as  the  translational platform  used  for  technology  up-scaling  or  prototype  development  or development of devices in substantial number for market validation. The facility is available to the members striving towards a common goal on sharing basis.  At present, 3 hubs have been established at Chandigarh, Chennai & Delhi.

Department of Biotechnology (DBT)

DBT  through  its  Public  Sector  Unit  Biotechnology  Industry  Research Assistance  Council  (BIRAC)  promotes  innovation  and  research  in  the field  of  biotechnology  across  the  country  through  various  programs under its PPP schemes and encourage Make-in-India products.

DBT-THSTI (a research institution of DBT), through the Garbh-Ini cohort project,  has  developed  artificial  intelligence-based  tools  to  provide medical imaging solutions.

Under the supported projects of the Mission, the first Made in India MRI scanner by Voxelgrids Innovations Pvt Ltd. received commercial sale and manufacturing license from CDSCO, Govt of India. This is a compact, lightweight, full body 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner capable of being used in both stationary  and  mobile  configuration,  transportable  to  any  location  in India, and potentially take medical imaging to the underserved parts.

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