Lok Sabha Question No. 910 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-02-07
Subject: Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index
Ministry: PLANNING
Asked by: Prataprao  Jadhav, Sudheer Gupta, Shrirang Appa Barne, Sambhajirao Mane Dhairyasheel, Sanjay Sadashivrao Mandlik

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PLANNING LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 910 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2024

## MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX

910. SHRI PRATAPRAO JADHAV: SHRI SUDHEER GUPTA: SHRI SHRIRANG APPA BARNE: SHRI DHAIRYASHEEL SAMBHAJIRAO MANE: SHRI SANJAY SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK:

Will the Minister of PLANNING be pleased to state:

- (a) whether as per a report of NITI Aayog 24.12 crore people have come out of Multidimensional  Poverty  in  India  (MPI)  during  the  last  five  years  and  if  so,  the  details thereof;
- (b) the  details  of  parameters  set  by  the  NITI  Aayog  to  determine  the  multi-dimensional poverty in the country;
- (c) the  extent  to  which  various  welfare  schemes  launched  by  the  Government  for  poor people was helpful in pulling citizens out of multi-dimensional poverty in the country;
- (d) whether the Government has set a target to provide facilities to all the citizens under multidimensional poverty by the year 2030; and
- (e) if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  steps  taken/  being  taken  by  the  Government  in  this regard?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION; MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS

## (RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

- (a) NITI Aayog has released two editions of the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) based  on  the  data  from  National  Family  Health  Surveys  (NFHS).  The  first  edition  titled 'National Multidimensional Poverty Index: Baseline Report' was released in November 2021, and was followed by the report titled 'National Multidimensional Poverty  Index: A Progress Review 2023' released in July 2023.  These were based on data from NFHS-4 (2015-16) and

NFHS-5 (2019-21). Building on the findings of the National MPI 2023 report, NITI Aayog has recently  released  a  discussion  paper  titled  'Multidimensional  Poverty  in  India  since  the  year 2005-06.' The discussion paper focuses on the prevalence of multidimensional poverty in India from 2005-06 to 2022-23, utilizing both  NFHS  data and projection methods for  years when NFHS  data  was  unavailable.  According  to  the  discussion  paper,  India's  multidimensional poverty has declined sharply from 29.17% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23, resulting in 24.82 crore individuals escaping multidimensional poverty during the 9-year period.

- (b)  The  Global  Multidimensional  Poverty  Index  (MPI),  developed  by  the  Oxford  Poverty  and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is  a  globally  recognized  measure  that  captures  poverty  across  various  dimensions  using  the Alkire  and  Foster  (AF)  methodology.  The  national  MPI  brought  out  by  NITI  Aayog  in collaboration with OPHI and UNDP follows same methodology with a difference that national MPI has 12 indicators while the global MPI has 10 indicators. These 12 indicators across 3 dimensions of health, education and standard of living are given below:
- (c)  to  (e)  A  number  of  schemes  are  being  implemented  by  Government  of  India  to  address  each dimension of multidimensional poverty and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target  1.2  of  halving  poverty  by  2030.  These  include  initiatives/  schemes  like  National  Food Security  Act,  Mission  Poshan,  Saksham  Anganwadi,  National  Education  Mission,  Ujjwala

| Dimension          | Indicator                         |
|--------------------|-----------------------------------|
| Health             | 1. Nutrition                      |
| Health             | 2. Child and Adolescent Mortality |
| Health             | 3. Maternal Health                |
| Education          | 4. School Attendance              |
| Education          | 5. Years of Schooling             |
| Standard of Living | 6. Cooking Fuel                   |
| Standard of Living | 7. Sanitation                     |
| Standard of Living | 8. Housing                        |
| Standard of Living | 9. Drinking Water                 |
| Standard of Living | 10. Assets                        |
| Standard of Living | 11. Bank Account                  |
| Standard of Living | 12. Electricity                   |

Yojana, Saubhagya, Swachh Bharat Mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, etc. Each scheme is designed and implemented by respective Ministries/Departments with its unique goals and targets to address specific dimensions of multidimensional poverty so as to facilitate the achievement of SDGs by 2030.

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