Lok Sabha Question No. 1223 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-07-28
Subject: Implementation of Reforms under NEP 2020
Ministry: EDUCATION
Asked by: Shri Sanatan Pandey

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1223 ANSWERED ON 28.07.2025

## Implementation of Reforms under NEP 2020

†1223. Shri Sanatan Pandey:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

(a) whether the implementation of reforms proposed under NEP 2020 is uneven across States;

(b) whether the shortage of teachers, inadequacy of infrastructure and lack of financial resources are hindering the achievement of the goals of the policy; and

(c) if so, the steps taken by the Government to address these challenges and their current status?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (DR. SUKANTA MAJUMDAR)

(a) to (c): The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) announced on 29.07.2020 is the first education  policy  of  the  21st  century  and  aims  to  address  the  many  growing  developmental imperatives of our country. NEP 2020 stipulates a number of reforms for its implementation across all States through joint monitoring and collaborative efforts between the Centre and the States.

NEP 2020 provides different timelines as well as principles and methodology for its implementation. Education being in the concurrent list of Constitution, Centre and States are equally responsible for providing  quality  education  to  all.  Accordingly,  Ministry  of  Education,  State  Governments, education-related Ministries, the regulatory and implementing bodies of school and higher education such as University Grants Commission, All India Council for Technical Education, National Council for Teacher Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training, Central Board of Secondary Education, Universities/Colleges/Schools etc. have taken initiatives for implementation of NEP 2020.

Department of School Education & Literacy is implementing a Samagra Shiksha scheme. Under the scheme,  financial  assistance  is  provided  to  all  states  and  UTs  for  different  interventions  like composite school grant to every school for providing a conducive learning environment, grants for library, sports and physical activities, to maintain appropriate Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) for various levels of schooling, free uniform and text books to eligible students, support for Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan, ICT and digital initiatives, School Leadership development programme, remedial teaching for academically weaker students, etc.

The Department of Higher Education has launched the third phase of Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) as Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) in June 2023 with an outlay  of  Rs.  12926.10  crore  for  the  period  2023-24  to  2025-26  aimed  at  funding  specific  State government universities and colleges.

Education being a subject in the Concurrent List of the Constitution, an overwhelming majority of the  schools  and  HEIs  in  the  country  comes  under  the  administrative  control  of  States/UTs.  The recruitment  and  rational  deployment  of  teachers  come  under  the  purview  of  the  respective  State Governments/UT Administrations. As per the UDISE+ 23-24 report, the total number of in-position teachers in secondary and higher secondary school are 46,42,759.

Also, teacher capacity building has been addressed through NISHTHA (National Initiative for School Heads'  and  Teachers'  Holistic  Advancement),  extended  to  cover  all  stages  of  school  education including Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).

As per AISHE 2022-23 (provisional), total number of Universities / University Level Institutions and Colleges has increased to 1213 and 46624 respectively. Also, the total number of in-position Faculty / Teaching Staff is around 16.64 lakh.

In Higher Education, to address issues related to faculty and their professional development, a Central Sector Scheme 'Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program' has been launched. Under the scheme, various  Capacity  Building  Programs  for  faculty  are  conducted  by  across  144  Malviya  Mission Teacher Training Centres on various components such as Nurturing Future Leadership Program; Specific Learning Disabilities; Design  and  Entrepreneurship; Mental  Health, Resilience  & Wellbeing, AI & Cyber Security, STEM, Science communication for STEM Faculty etc.

Various schemes/ projects /programmes run by Ministry of Education have been aligned with NEP 2020. Budget allocation of Ministry of Education has increased from Rs. 93,224.31 Crore for the year 2021-22, to Rs. 1,04,277.72 Crore for the year 2022-23, to Rs. 1,12,899.47 Cr. for the year 2023-24, to Rs. 1,21,117.77 Crore for the year 2024-25 and Rs. 1,28,650.05 Crore for the year 202526.

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