opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 1597 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Mobile Network in Barmer-Jaisalmer
Ministry: COMMUNICATION
Asked by: Shri Ummeda Ram Beniwal

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1597 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31 ST  JULY, 2024

## MOBILE NETWORK IN BARMER-JAISALMER

## †1597  SHRI UMMEDA RAM BENIWAL:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATION be pleased to state:

(a) whether  the  Government  is  aware  that  many  villages  and  hamlets  of  Barmer-Jaisalmer Parlimentary Constituency are still deprived of mobile network;

(b) if so, the steps proposed to be taken by the Government to connect such villages with mobile connectivity network immediately along with the details thereof; and

(c) whether the Government has formed the TAC committee under the Chairmanship of MPs and if so, the time by which the said committee is likely to be reconstituted in Barmer-Jaisalmer Parliamentary Constituency and the main objective of forming the said committee along with the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (DR. PEMMASANI CHANDRA SEKHAR)

(a) & (b) In Barmer-Jaisalmer Parliamentary Constituency, out of 3,624 villages, 3,267 villages are covered with mobile connectivity.

Government through funding from Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) is implementing  various  schemes,  including  4G  Saturation  Scheme,  for  providing  mobile  network coverage in all uncovered villages in the country.

(c) The Department of Telecommunications has constituted the Telephone Advisory Committee (TAC) under the chairmanship of Hon'ble MPs throughout the country, including Barmer-Jaisalmer Parliamentary  constituency,  with  effect  from  14.07.2024  for  a  period  of  two  years  i.e.  from 14.07.2024 to 13.07.2026.

The main objectives of forming the TAC are as follows:

-  TAC works as an interface between telephone service consumers and BSNL.
-  It gives the public a confidence that their aspirations relating to telecom services are properly represented and taken care of.
-  To educate the  public/bring  awareness among  the  telephone service consumers about  the various services provided by BSNL.
-  To suggest measures for improving telecom services and efficiency.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1594 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Vande Bharat Train between kollam Madirai Sengottai
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri Kodikunnil Suresh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1594 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## VANDE BHARAT TRAIN BETWEEN KOLLAM MADIRAI SENGOTTAI

## 1594 SHRI KODIKUNNIL SURESH:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is proposing to introduce a Vande Bharat Tain service on Kollam - Madurai -Sengottai route beneficial to the commuters of the said sectors;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c)  whether  any  study  is  being  conducted  by  the  Government  to commission the same; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (d)  As on 24th July, 2024, 102 Vande Bharat train services are operating  on  the  Indian  Railways  network,  which  include  4  Vande Bharat services catering to the passengers of Kollam and 2 Vande Bharat  services  catering  to  the    passengers  of  Madurai.  Further, Kollam-Sengottai-Madurai sector is being served by 2 pairs of trains. Besides,  introduction  of  train  services,  including  Vande  Bharat services,  is  an  on-going  process  subject  to  traffic  justification, operational feasibility, resource availability, etc.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1590 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Survey under BNR
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Smt. Malvika Devi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1590 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## SURVEY UNDER BNR

1590. SMT. MALVIKA DEVI:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  is  making  any  plans  for  starting  new railway lines which are feasible and were surveyed under BNR;
- (b) whether the railway connectivity is the cheapest form of transport for villagers and scheme to ensure to connect maximum villagers by train and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) plans to restore the train stoppages revoked during Covid times in India, especially in Kalahandi and Nuapada; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

- (a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (d)  OF UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO.  1590  BY  SMT.  MALVIKA  DEVI  TO  BE ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  31.07.2024  REGARDING  SURVEY UNDER BNR

(a)  and  (b): The  Railway  projects  are  surveyed/  sanctioned/executed Zonal Railway wise and not State-wise/ village wise as the Railways' projects may span across state boundaries.

Railway Infrastructure Projects are taken up on the basis of remunerativeness, last mile connectivity, missing links and alternate routes,  augmentation  of  congested/saturated  lines,  socio-economic considerations  including  connectivity  to  cities,  towns  and  villages, enhancing connectivity to tourist  and  cultural  places  etc.  depending upon  liabilities  of  ongoing  projects,  overall  availability  of  funds  and competing demands.

Presently,  651  no.  of  surveys  (New  line,  Gauge  Conversion  and Doubling) having a total length of 49,983 km have been taken up on Indian  Railways  in  various  Zonal  Railways  including  South  Eastern Railway  (erstwhile  BNR)  under  PM  Gati  Shakti  National  Master  Plan (NMP) for the development of multimodal connectivity infrastructure to various Economic Zones with an objective to have integrated planning, enhanced logistics efficiency and remove gaps for seamless movement  of  people,  goods  and  services  including  connectivity  to industrial clusters, ports, mines, power plants, villages etc.

(c) and (d): Indian  Railways  have  undertaken  rationalization  of  time table, including stoppages,  in a scientific manner with the assistance of IIT-Bombay. The exercise has been undertaken, inter alia, to provide for  better passenger safety by creating maintenance corridor blocks, minimizing conflicts in existing time table, etc.  Since November-2021, Mail/express  train  services  are  being  operated  as  per  rationalized timetable  and  stoppages.  However,    provision  of  stoppage  of  train services  is  an  ongoing  process  on  Indian  Railways  subject  to  traffic justification, operational feasibility etc.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 1588 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Bharat Net Project
Ministry: COMMUNICATION
Asked by: Shri Khalilur Rahaman

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1588 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31 ST  JULY, 2024

## BHARAT NET PROJECT

## 1588   SHRI KHALILUR RAHAMAN:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATION be pleased to state:

- (a) the current status regarding the implementation of Bharat Net projects.
- (b) the number of rural bodies that have been connected so far and the total number which still remain to be connected; and
- (c) the time by which all Gram Panchayats will be connected by internet and broadband?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (DR. PEMMASANI CHANDRA SEKHAR)

(a) to (c) BharatNet project is being implemented in a phased manner to provide broadband connectivity to all the 2.6 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) in the country. As on 30.06.2024, 2,13,398 GPs (82.1%)  have  been  made  service  ready.  The  Union  Cabinet  has  approved  (04.08.2023)  the Amended BharatNet Program for strengthening the network and connecting the 2.6 lakh GPs. The construction phase for network under Amended BharatNet Program is three years from award of project.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1586 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Process of Coal Auction
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: Shri Dharmendra Yadav

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. †1586

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## Process of Coal Auction

## †1586 Shri Dharmendra Yadav:

## Will the Minister of Coal be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has proposed to amend the process of coal auction to enable small businesses to get uninterrupted and long-term supply of fossil fuels and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) the facts thereof along with the proposed changes in this regard;
- (c)  the  names  of  small  businesses  of  the  sectors  that  are  likely  to  be  benefitted  from  such changes;
- (d) whether the Government proposes to set up a separate window e-auction of long-term coal linkages without 'end use restrictions' stipulating for use of coal; and
- (e)  the  extent  to  which  the  proposed  separate  e-auction  window  is  likely  to  benefit  small consumers?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF COAL AND MINES (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

- (a) to (e): The coal supplies from Coal India Limited (CIL) and Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is broadly made either through coal linkages or through e-auctions conducted by  these  coal  companies.  New  coal  linkages  to  the  Power  Sector  are  granted  under  the provisions of the SHAKTI Policy, 2017 (and amendments in 2019 and 2023). Coal linkages to the Non-Regulated Sector (NRS) are granted under the Policy of 2016 (and amendment in 2020) for auction of linkages for the NRS.

Coal is also supplied by CIL / SCCL against the coal linkages granted under the erstwhile regimes as per the contractual terms and conditions entered with the coal consumers. Coal linkages to the Power Sector / NRS under the aforesaid mechanisms are for specified end users only.  SHAKTI  Policy  and  the  Policy  for  auction  of  linkages  for  the  NRS  have  not  been amended further to allow for removal of end-use restrictions.

Apart from the above, coal is also distributed to the Small / Medium / Tiny coal consuming units, whose requirement is less than 10,000 Tonnes per annum, through the State Nominating Agencies (SNAs) notified by the State Governments.

Coal is also sold by the coal companies under the Single Window e-auctions, which caters to all the sectors without any end use restrictions. The modalities for the conducting of e-auctions are decided by the coal companies.
Lok Sabha Question No. 1585 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Internet Facilites in Rajasthan
Ministry: COMMUNICATION
Asked by: Shri Dushyant Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1585 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31 ST  JULY, 2024

## INTERNET FACILITES IN RAJASTHAN

## 1585   SHRI DUSHYANT SINGH:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether a large number of people in the Rajasthan are not being able to use internet and are unable to get various internet-based facilities, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the Government proposes to provide internet connectivity to those people who have no access to internet facility in the State of Rajasthan and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the details of the steps taken by the Government to ensure net neutrality in India; and
- (d) whether the Government has issued directions to monitor net neutrality in their network, if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (DR. PEMMASANI CHANDRA SEKHAR)

(a) All  urban  areas  of  Rajasthan  have  4G  coverage.  Further,  there  are  46,077  villages  in Rajasthan, out of which 44,269 villages (as of June 2024) are covered with internet connectivity.

- (b) Government and Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) provide telecom connectivity in a phased manner.  Government  through  funding  from  Universal  Service  Obligation  Fund  (USOF)  is implementing various projects such as BharatNet, Aspirational District Project and 4G saturation Project to enhance internet connectivity in the rural and remote areas of Rajasthan. As of June 2024, 8776 Gram Panchayats (GPs) planned under Phase-I and Phase-II of Bharatnet Project have been made service ready.
- (c) Directives on Net Neutrality, incorporating the principles of non-discriminatory treatment of content were issued by Department of Telecommunications (DoT) in July 2018. Subsequently, DoT amended the Unified License for Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) and Unified License (Virtual Network Operators) and Unified Access Service License Agreement to incorporate the principles of non-discriminatory treatment of content in Sept. 2018 and issued an amendment in Internet Service Provider License for Regulatory Framework on 'Net Neutrality' in May 2019.

(d) Technical  audit  of  Telecom  Service  Providers  (TSPs)  is  carried  out  as  per  the  License Agreement and includes the provisions related to net neutrality.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1584 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Coal Gasification Projects in Andhra Pradesh
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: Shri Sribharat Mathukumilli

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1584

TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## Coal Gasification Projects in Andhra Pradesh

## 1584. SHRI SRIBHARAT MATHUKUMILLI:

Will the Minister of Coal be pleased to state:

- (a)     the specific allocation of funds earmarked for coal gasification projects in Andhra Pradesh from the recently approved Rs. 8,500 crore incentive scheme;
- (b)     whether the Government has identified any specific sites or locations in Andhra Pradesh for setting up coal gasification projects under the scheme and if so, the details of these locations and the criteria used for their selection under the scheme;
- (c)      the  timeline  for  the  implementation  of  coal  gasification  projects  in  Andhra  Pradesh including key milestones and expected completion date;
- (d)       the  challenges  encountered/anticipated  in  implementing  coal  gasification  projects  in Andhra Pradesh and the measures being undertaken to mitigate these challenges effectively; and
- (e)     whether any collaboration with local industries and stakeholders in Andhra Pradesh is planned to enhance the effectiveness of these projects, if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF COAL AND MINES (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

- (a):      The  Government  has  recently  approved   ₹8500  crore  incentive  scheme  to  provide viability gap funding (VGF) to promote Coal/Lignite Gasification Projects for both PSUs and the private sector. The approved scheme covers projects under following three categories -
- Category I, with  a  provision  of  ₹4050  crores,  is  for  Government  PSUs.  They  can submit  proposals  for  funding  assistance,  and  three  selected  projects  will  receive  a maximum grant of ₹1350 crores or 15% of project cost, whichever is lower as VGF.
- Category II ,  with  ₹3850 crores, is  available to  both private sector and  government PSUs with a maximum grant of Rs. 1000 cr or 15% of project cost, whichever is lower as VGF.
- Category  III, with  ₹600  crores  for  demonstration  or  small-scale  projects  with maximum outlay per project of Rs. 100 cr or 15% of project cost, whichever is lower as VGF.

Under the above scheme, funds are to be given to projects, not to States. As such, no fund has been earmarked for any state, including Andhra Pradesh.

- (b) to (e):    Till date, no specific sites or location  proposal has been received for setting up of Coal/Lignite  Gasification  projects  in  the  state  of  Andhra  Pradesh  from  any  PSUs,  Private Sectors, local industries or stakeholders. Stakeholders' consultations have been conducted in various parts of the country, including Hyderabad.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1583 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023
Ministry: INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING
Asked by: Shri Jugal Kishore, Shri Dilip Saikia, Shri P P Chaudhary, Shri Chavda Vinod Lakhamshi, Shri Shankar Lalwani, Shri Manoj Tiwari

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1583 (TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024)

DIGITAL ADVERTISEMENT POLICY, 2023

## 1583.  SHRI MANOJ TIWARI:

SHRI CHAVDA VINOD LAKHAMSHI:

SHRI P P CHAUDHARY:

SHRI SHANKAR LALWANI:

SHRI DILIP SAIKIA:

SHRI JUGAL KISHORE:

Will the Minister of INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  is  aware  of  the  status  of  implementation  of  the  Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023;
- (b) if so, the details thereof along with the percentage of Government schemes allocated for advertisement via the new policy;
- (c) whether  the  Government  has  fixed  any  criteria  for  inviting  and  selecting  the  digital platforms for advertisement; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof;

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  FOR  INFORMATION  AND  BROADCASTING;  AND PARLIAMNTARY AFFAIRS {Dr. L. MURUGAN}

(a ) to  (d):  The Central Bureau of Communication (CBC), under the Ministry of Information and  Broadcasting,  undertakes  awareness  and  publicity  campaigns  for  various  Government schemes, programmes and initiatives through various media platforms, including digital media, on the basis of  the nature of messaging, target audience, availability of budget, etc. indicated by the client Ministries/Departments of Government of India.

CBC has notified the Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023 on 09 th November, 2023. This policy specifies the empanelment process and the criteria for selection of digital media platforms such as OTT, podcasts, internet websites, mobile applications etc. and the release of awareness/publicity campaigns on such platforms.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 1582 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Railway Division in Gulbarga District
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri  Radhakrishna

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1582

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## RAILWAY DIVISION IN GULBARGA DISTRICT

1582. SHRI RADHAKRISHNA:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether it is a fact that despite the sanctioning of the Railway Division  in  Gulbarga  district  and  land  acquisition  by  the  State Government, the work on the project has not commenced;
- (b)   if so, the details thereof;
- (c)  the reasons for the delay in the commencement and completion of the project; and
- (d) the steps taken to expedite the commencement of the construction?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

[

- (a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (d)  OF UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO.1582  BY  SHRI  RADHAKRISHNA  TO  BE ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  31.07.2024  REGARDING  RAILWAY DIVISION IN GULBARGA DISTRICT

(a) to (d): No work/project for establishing a railway division at Gulbarga (Kalaburagi) has been sanctioned. A committee of senior railway officers was constituted to analyze and review  the  feasibility  of  creation  of  3  divisions,  including  Gulbarga (Kalaburagi),  announced  during  the  presentation  of  interim  railway budget  of  2014-15.  The  Committee,  after  examining  all  the  relevant issues  from  operational,  financial,  administrative  and  other  aspects  of railway  working,  did  not  find  the  creation  of  these  3  new  divisions justified. Based on findings of the committee, the proposal of creation of new division was not taken forward. *****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1580 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Underpasses on Gangapur City Rail Route
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shri Murari Lal Meena

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION  NO. 1580

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## UNDERPASSES ON GANGAPUR CITY RAIL ROUTE

†1580 SHRI MURARI LAL MEENA:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of number of underpasses on Dausa-Gangapur city rail route, location-wise;
- (b)  the  steps  taken/being  taken  by  the  Government  to  provide  relief from  blockade  of  road  caused  by  underpass  flooding  on  the  said route;
- (c) whether the Government is planning to construct a new underpass in  Dungerpur(Lalsot)  area  keeping  in  view  the  problems  of  the people; and
- (d) if so, the time by which it is likely to be constructed and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (d): Presently, total 66 Nos. of Road Under Bridge (RUB)/Underpass  exist  on Dausa-Gangapur city rail  line.

Railways have taken several remedial measures to mitigate the problem of water logging in subways. Adequate drainage arrangement has been made as integral part of planning of new Road Under Bridge (RUB)/Subways.  In  existing  RUBs/subways  remedial  measures  like water flow diversion to nearby bridge and nallahs/drains, provision of cover  shed  on  approach  roads,  provision  of  hump  at  entry  to  Road under  Bridge  (RUB),  provision  of  cross  drains,  sealing  of  joints  etc. have been made as per feasibility, suitability  and  site  requirements. Pumping  arrangement  has  also  been  made  for  identified  RUBs,  to drain out water expeditiously. In addition, Manning of vulnerable LHS in

are also being done with provision to stop road traffic exceptional/unusual rainfall situation for safety of road users. At  Dungerpur  (Lalsot)  the  work  of  construction  of    01  No.  RUB /Underpass between Deedwana-Lalsot on Dosa-Gangapur section has been sanctioned. Completion  &  commissioning  of  ROB/RUB  works  depends  on various  factors  like  cooperation  of    State  Governments  in  giving consent for closure of LC,  fixing of approach alignment, approval of General  Arrangement  Drawing  (GAD),  land  acquisition,  removal  of encroachment,  shifting  of  infringing  utilities,  statutory  clearances from various authorities,  law and order situation in the area of project /  work sites,  duration of working season in a year for the particular project / area  due to climatic conditions etc.  All these factors affect the completion time of the projects / works.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1578 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-07-31
Subject: Twin Trains to Ease Rush
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Adv. Adoor Prakash

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1578 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.07.2024

## TWIN TRAINS TO EASE RUSH

1578 ADV. ADOOR PRAKASH:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether the Government is planning to run twins of popular trains in busy routes;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether sectors and trains have been identified for the same; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, INFORMATION & BROADCASTING AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

- (a)  to  (d)  Indian  Railways  (IR)  keeps  a  close  watch  on  the occupancy and waitlist position of the train services. To cater to the needs of busy sectors, IR, subject to operational feasibility, resource availability etc., operates Special trains including Clone trains and also undertakes augmentation, both on temporary and permanent  basis.  These  are  on-going  processes.  During  2024, 12919 trips of Summer Special trains  have been operated.

*****