Lok Sabha Question No. 946 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2024-12-02
Subject: Air Pollution in Urban Centres
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Shri Yogender Chandolia, Shri Ramvir Singh Bidhuri, Smt. Kamaljeet Sehrawat, Dr. Bhola Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 946 TO BE ANSWERED ON 02.12.2024

## Air Pollution in Urban Centres

## 946. DR. BHOLA SINGH:

SHRI YOGENDER CHANDOLIA:

SHRI RAMVIR SINGH BIDHURI:

SMT. KAMALJEET SEHRAWAT:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has taken recent initiatives to address air pollution in urban centres specially in Delhi NCR area and if so, the details thereof and the effectiveness of these measures in improving air quality;
- (b) whether the  Government is considering new policies to  encourage  electric  vehicle adoption and reduce vehicular emissions;
- (c) the steps taken by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) to improve air quality in the National Capital Region and adjoining areas;
- (d) the goals set by the Commission and the present status thereof;
- (e) the current progress of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) and its impact on air quality levels in major cities; and
- (f) the  details  of  future  targets  and  steps  to  strengthen  environmental  protection  and mitigate climate change impacts across the country?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

(SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)

## (a), (e) & (f):

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) was launched by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in January 2019 with an aim to improve air quality in 130 cities (nonattainment cities and Million Plus Cities in 24 States/UTs through implementation of National, State and City level clean air action plans. NCAP envisages reduction in PM10 level up to 40% or achievement of national standards (60 microgram/cubic meter) by 2025-26.

In addition to this, NCAP emphasises on implementation of City Action Plans (CAPs) through the convergence  of  resources  from  various  Central  Government  schemes  such  as  Swachh  Bharat Mission (Urban), PM e-bus Sewa, AMRUT, Smart City Mission, SATAT, and Nagar Van Yojana, as  well  as  resources  from  State  Govts./  UT  administration  and  agencies  like  Municipal Corporations and Urban Development authorities.

06 Non-attainment cites (NACs) in Delhi NCR, namely Delhi, Alwar, Noida, Ghaziabad, Meerut and  Faridabad  are  covered  under  National  Clean  Air  Programme  (NCAP)  to  achieve  the  air pollution reduction targets through implementation of city action plans. So far, an amount of Rs. 476.04 crore have been provided for implementing air quality improvement measures in these cities.  Further,  19  cities  which  are  part  of  NCR  have  also  been  allocated  Rs.  150  crore  under Environmental Protection Charge (EPC) for implementation of city action plans. All these cities have prepared city action plans.

Measures taken for improvement in air quality including CAQM in Delhi-NCR are enclosed at Annexure I .

India as part of updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), committed to the following for addressing the impacts of climate change:

- (i) To adopt a climate friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.
- (ii) To reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level.
- (iii) To achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF).
- (iv) To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.

India has also prepared its Long-Term Low Carbon Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) to achieve net-zero by 2070.

Apart from the steps taken by CAQM, some of the key steps taken by the Central Government are enclosed at Annexure II .

As per the annual performance assessment carried out for 2023-24, 97 cities out of 130 cities have shown improvement in air quality in terms of PM10 concentrations in FY 2023-24 as compared to base levels of 2017-18. 55 cities have achieved reduction of 20% and above in PM10 levels in 2023-24 with respect to the levels of 2017-18. Further, 18 cities conform to national ambient air quality standards in terms of Particular Matter concentrations during FY 2023-24. Delhi has shown reduction of 14% in PM10 concentrations in 2023-24 as against the levels of 2017-18. Details of air quality improvement of 130 cities are enclosed at Annexure-III.

## (b) :

To  address  vehicular  emission,  Government  of  India  introduced  stringent  fuel  standards  leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards since 1 st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi and 1st April, 2020 for the rest of the country.

To promote electric mobility in public transport, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched PM e-bus Sewa which provides financial support for deployment of 10,000 e-buses in 169 eligible cities including development or upgradation of bus depot infrastructure and behindthe-metre infrastructure.

Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) launched PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) Scheme on 29 th  September, 2024 for promotion of electric mobility in  country  with  an  outlay  of  Rs.  10,900  crore  for  2  years  which  provides  subsidies  /  Demand incentives  for  e-  2  Wheelers,  e-3Wheelers,  e-ambulance,  e-  trucks  and  other  emerging    EVs, procurement of E- buses by public transport agencies and installing fast chargers for EVs. Further, Ministry  of  Heavy  Industries  (MHI)  has  notified  PM  e-Bus  Sewa-PSM  (Payment  Security Mechanism)  Scheme  through  Gazette  notification  S.O.  4711(E)  on  October  28,  2024.  has  an allocated budget of Rs. 3,435.33 crore to support deployment of more than 38,000 electric buses in the country.

Ministry of Finance provided the exemption of Customs duty for import of specified capital goods and machinery required for manufacture of lithium-ion cells for batteries used in electric vehicles.

## (c) & (d):

For  air  pollution  abatement  and  control  in  Delhi  NCR,  the  Commission  for  Air  Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM), has devised a comprehensive policy for air pollution  abatement in NCR in July 2022, stipulating sector-specific  action points quantifying targets  along with timelines and implementation plan by various agencies in NCR States. The policy framework details sector-wise interventions, quantified targets and timelines for various sectors contributing to air pollution.

Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for Delhi-NCR to tackle the issue of sudden rise in air pollution levels was revised and published by CAQM. Actions listed for different AQI levels under GRAP are invoked from time to time by CAQM.

In view of the incidences of parali burning and its severe impact on Delhi/NCR air quality, the Central  Government  has  recently  revised  the  rate  of  Environmental  compensation  for  stubble burning. In this regard, the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas (Imposition, Collection and Utilization of Environmental Compensation for Stubble Burning) Amendment Rules, 2024 have been notified vide G.S.R. 690 (E) dated 6-112024.

***

## Measures taken for improvement in air quality including CAQM in Delhi-NCR

-  Environment Compensation Charges introduced for commercial vehicles entering Delhi in compliance of Hon'ble Supreme Court order
-  Operationalization of Eastern and Western Peripheral Expressways to divert non-destined traffic from entering Delhi
-  Ban on 15-year-old petrol and 10-year-old diesel vehicles as per Hon'ble Supreme Court and Hon'ble NGT orders.
-  Installation of VRS system at 3256 petrol pumps in Delhi-NCR in compliance with orders of Hon'ble Supreme Court and Hon'ble NGT.
-  Installation of Online Continuous Emission Monitoring System (OCEMS) in red category air polluting industries in Delhi-NCR
-  Industrial units in Delhi have shifted to PNG/cleaner fuels and, operational units in NCR have shifted to PNG/Biomass.
-  Directions issued for conversion of brick kilns to zig-zag technology in Delhi and NCR. A total of 3003 out of 4608 brick kilns have converted to zig-zag technology including 1762 kilns in Haryana, 1024 kilns in U.P. and 217 kilns in Rajasthan. Brick kilns not converted to zig-zag technology are not permitted to operate.
-  In order to control DG set emissions, CPCB provided funds for retrofitment/ upgradation of DG sets in Govt. hospitals in Delhi-NCR and guidelines have been issued in this regard.
-  Ban on use of pet coke and furnace oil as fuel in NCR States since October 24, 2017.
-  An approved fuel list is in force in Delhi-NCR w.e.f. 01.01.2023. Industries operating on only PNG or biomass are permitted in NCR, except for specific requirement of other fuels by specific industries owing to technical, technological and process requirements. Out of 7759 fuel based industries in NCR, 7449 have been shifted to approved fuels, with the balance 310 industries under closure.
-  Stringent  PM  emission  norms  for  biomass  based  boilers  have  been  prescribed  for compliance in NCR.
-  Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare (MoA&FW) in 2018 launched scheme for providing subsidy for purchase of crop residue management machinery and establishment of custom hiring centers (CHCs) in NCT of Delhi and the States of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Under the said scheme, financial assistance is provided to the farmers for purchase  of  crop  residue  management  machinery  and  establishment  of  custom  hiring centers. During 2018-2024, total fund released to Delhi and other states under the said scheme is Rs. 3398.56 crores using which, over 2.7 lakh crop residue machineries have been  delivered  to  individual  farmers  and  CHCs,  and  over  39,000  CHCs  have  been established.
-  CPCB has framed guidelines for promoting setting up of paddy straw based palletization and Torre faction plants to address the supply chain issues. CPCB has sanctioned 15 plants with capacity of 57.5 TPH.
-  Directions issued to DPCC and NCR SPCBs to enforce installation of anti-smog guns and other dust control measures at C&D sites.
-  Directions issued for setting up of a 'Dust Control and Management Cell' by road owning/ maintaining/ construction agencies for monitoring and effective implementation of dust control measures in the NCR.
-  Online monitoring mechanism (through web portal) introduced for monitoring compliance of dust mitigation measures for construction sites.
-  Directions under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 have been issued by CPCB to SPCBs/ PCCs for strict implementation of actions prescribed under stages of GRAP invoked from time to time in view of the deteriorated air quality situation in DelhiNCR. CPCB has also issued directions under Section 18 (1)(b) of the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 on  18.10.2024  to  NCR  SPCBs  &  DPCC  for implementation of actions prescribed under GRAP, pertaining to them and other agencies, and submit Action taken report to CPCB.
-  Monitoring  and  enforcement  of  regulated  use  of  DG  sets  in  Delhi-NCR,  only  with stipulated  emission  control  devices/systems,  as  per  CAQM's  Direction  No.  76  dated 29.09.2023 read with addendum dated 22.02.2024. Constant vigil on use of only approved fuels in Delhi-NCR across all sectors, including monitoring & enforcement of compliance of emission norms through inspections and monitoring by CPCB and NCR State PCBs/ DPCC.
-  An approved fuel list is in force in Delhi-NCR w.e.f. 01.01.2023. Industries operating on only PNG or biomass are permitted in NCR, except for specific requirement of other fuels by specific industries owing to technical, technological and process requirements.
-  Implementation of CAQM's Direction No. 78 dated 19.10.2023 for migration of public transport services especially intercity bus services, to Delhi-NCR, to cleaner modes.
-  Completely phasing out diesel auto-rickshaws from the districts of Faridabad, Gurugram, Ghaziabad and GB Nagar latest by 31.12.2024 and to ensure plying of only CNG/ E-Auto in such areas.
-  CAQM's Direction No. 79 dated 13.02.2024 was issued to all agencies for issuance of completion certificates / occupancy certificates for C&D projects only after ensuring that no closure order has been issued or in force for the site so as to ensure compliance of dust control/ abatement measures.
-  CAQM's Advisory No. 12 dated 14.02.2024 has been issued to all Municipal bodies/ ULBs and all related departments / bodies of the NCR State Govts. / NCT of Delhi to ensure that all prescribed measures towards effective mitigation of dust from C&D projects, which are highly vulnerable to the dust emissions, are incorporated in all the contract documents, agreements etc., including in road construction and maintenance projects.
-  Strict  implementation  of  directions  related  to  mandatory  registration  of  construction  / demolition projects on plot area >500 sq mtr. on the respective web-portal of the NCR State,  besides  deployment  of  anti-smog  guns  in  proportion  to  the  site/area.  Punitive measures, including closure directions for non-compliances in this regard.
-  CAQM has deputed 40 teams of CPCB officers since December 2021 to conduct incognito inspections  of  air-polluting  industries,  C&D  sites,  DG  sets  in  Delhi-NCR  to  check  the implementation status of pollution control measures and compliance of other provisions of the Air (P&CP) Act, 1981. A total of 17824 units/ entities/ projects have been inspected. Based on these inspections, CAQM has issued Closure Directions in 977 cases and out of these  resumption  orders  have  been  issued  in  769  cases  while  116  cases  are  still  under closure and cases of 92 balance units have been transferred to SPCBs / DPCC for final decision
-  Since October 2023, Flying Squads are conducting inspection of DG  sets in Commercial/Industrial/Residential areas in compliance of CAQM Direction no. 76. As on

07.06.2024, directions for sealing of DG-Sets have been issued for 390 entities against a total of 602 DG sets.

-  Directions for control of pollution from various sources such as implementation of RECD system/ dual fuel kits in DG sets, use of cleaner fuels in industries, shift to EV/ CNG/ BS VI diesel fuel in transport sector, implementation of dust control measures at C&D sites etc., have been issued by CAQM.
-  Directions issued by CAQM to Government of NCT of Delhi and State Governments of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh for migration of public transport services, especially buses  in  NCR  to  cleaner  modes.  All  state  Govt.  bus  services  between  Delhi  and  any city/town in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh to be operated only through EV /CNG/BS-VI diesel w.e.f. 01.11.2023.
-  During stubble burning season of 2024, 26 teams of CPCB have been deployed as flying squads for assisting CAQM in NCR and adjoining areas for intensifying monitoring and enforcement actions towards prevention of paddy stubble burning incidents Punjab and Haryana.
-  CAQM has issued directions for co-firing of 5-10% biomass with coal in thermal power plants located within 300 kms of Delhi, and, in captive power plants of industrial units located in NCR.
-  Directions issued by CAQM to State governments of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to strictly and effectively implement revised action plan to eliminate and control stubble burning.

## Key steps taken by the Central Government to control pollution:

- i. Emission  standards  for  more  than  80  industries  have  been  notified  under  Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986
- ii. Emission standards recently notified/revised:
- a) Thermal power plants
- b) Diesel/petrol/CNG generator sets
- c) Industrial boilers
- d) Lime Kilns
- e) Brick kilns and conversion of zig-zag technology
- f) Calcinated petcoke industry
- g) Hot mix plants
- iii. Leapfrogging to Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI) emissions norms from 1st April 2020
- iv. Vehicle Scrapping Policy, Rules for Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities and Automated Testing Stations by MoRTH
- v. Waste  management  rules  for  solid  waste,  plastic  waste,  hazardous  waste,  e-waste,  battery waste, biomedical waste, 100% ash utilisation by Thermal Power Plants
- vi. Market-based  Extended  Producer  Responsibility  (EPR)  regulations  introduced  for  waste categories, viz. plastic packaging, e-waste, battery waste, waste tyres & used oil
- vii. 12 identified Single-Use Plastics (SUP) having high littering potential and low utility were banned from 1st July, 2022
- viii. Mandate for utilisation of minimum 5% of crop residue along with coal (pellets/briquettes) in thermal power plants in NCR and adjoining areas
- ix. Categorization  of  industrial  areas  as  Critically  and  Severely  Polluted  Areas  (CPAs/SPAs) based on Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI).

Annexure-III

| Improvement in PM 10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM 10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM 10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM 10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18   | Improvement in PM 10 concentrations of 130 Cities in FY 2023-24 w.r.t. FY 2017-18            |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S. No.                                                                              | Cities                                                                              | PM 10 concentrations in 2017-18 (µg/m3) (Annual Avg.)                               | PM 10 concentrations in 2023-24 (µg/m3) (Annual Avg.)                               | Percentage reduction inPM 10 concentrations in 2023-24 with respect to the year 2017- 18 (%) |
| 1.                                                                                  | Varanasi*                                                                           | 230                                                                                 | 73                                                                                  | 68                                                                                           |
| 2.                                                                                  | Bareily                                                                             | 207                                                                                 | 80                                                                                  | 61                                                                                           |
| 3.                                                                                  | Firozabad                                                                           | 247                                                                                 | 102                                                                                 | 59                                                                                           |
| 4.                                                                                  | Dehradun                                                                            | 250                                                                                 | 109                                                                                 | 56                                                                                           |
| 5.                                                                                  | Dhanbad*                                                                            | 315                                                                                 | 138                                                                                 | 56                                                                                           |
| 6.                                                                                  | Thoothukudi                                                                         | 123                                                                                 | 57                                                                                  | 54                                                                                           |
| 7.                                                                                  | Nalagarh                                                                            | 146                                                                                 | 68                                                                                  | 53                                                                                           |
| 8.                                                                                  | Moradabad                                                                           | 222                                                                                 | 115                                                                                 | 48                                                                                           |
| 9.                                                                                  | Khurja                                                                              | 195                                                                                 | 104                                                                                 | 47                                                                                           |
| 10.                                                                                 | Trichy*                                                                             | 88                                                                                  | 47                                                                                  | 47                                                                                           |
| 11.                                                                                 | Kohima                                                                              | 127                                                                                 | 68                                                                                  | 46                                                                                           |
| 12.                                                                                 | Lucknow*                                                                            | 253                                                                                 | 137                                                                                 | 46                                                                                           |
| 13.                                                                                 | Kanpur*                                                                             | 227                                                                                 | 125                                                                                 | 45                                                                                           |
| 14.                                                                                 | Kadapa                                                                              | 75                                                                                  | 42                                                                                  | 44                                                                                           |
| 15.                                                                                 | Sibsagar                                                                            | 73                                                                                  | 41                                                                                  | 44                                                                                           |
| 16.                                                                                 | Sunder Nagar                                                                        | 78                                                                                  | 44                                                                                  | 44                                                                                           |
| 17.                                                                                 | Agra*                                                                               | 202                                                                                 | 116                                                                                 | 43                                                                                           |
| 18.                                                                                 | Mumbai*                                                                             | 161                                                                                 | 94                                                                                  | 42                                                                                           |
| 19.                                                                                 | Rishikesh                                                                           | 129                                                                                 | 76                                                                                  | 41                                                                                           |
| 20.                                                                                 | Parwanoo                                                                            | 66                                                                                  | 39                                                                                  | 41                                                                                           |
| 21.                                                                                 | Byrnihat                                                                            | 175                                                                                 | 104                                                                                 | 41                                                                                           |
| 22.                                                                                 | Ahmedabad*                                                                          | 164                                                                                 | 98                                                                                  | 40                                                                                           |
| 23.                                                                                 | Ghaziabad*                                                                          | 285                                                                                 | 172                                                                                 | 40                                                                                           |
| 24.                                                                                 | Rajkot*                                                                             | 150                                                                                 | 92                                                                                  | 39                                                                                           |
| 25.                                                                                 | Jalandhar                                                                           | 178                                                                                 | 111                                                                                 | 38                                                                                           |
| 26.                                                                                 | Raebareli                                                                           | 145                                                                                 | 91                                                                                  | 37                                                                                           |
| 27.                                                                                 | Amritsar*                                                                           | 189                                                                                 | 119                                                                                 | 37                                                                                           |
| 28.                                                                                 | Baddi                                                                               | 174                                                                                 | 111                                                                                 | 36                                                                                           |
| 29.                                                                                 | Kolkata*                                                                            | 147                                                                                 | 94                                                                                  | 36                                                                                           |
| 30.                                                                                 | Jammu                                                                               | 157                                                                                 | 101                                                                                 | 36                                                                                           |
| 31.                                                                                 | Silchar                                                                             | 49                                                                                  | 32                                                                                  | 35                                                                                           |
| 32.                                                                                 | Jodhpur*                                                                            | 189                                                                                 | 124                                                                                 | 34                                                                                           |

|   33. | Vijayawada*         | 91    |   61 |   33 |
|-------|---------------------|-------|------|------|
|    34 | Naya Nangal         | 87    |   59 |   32 |
|    35 | Dimapur             | 142   |   97 |   32 |
|    36 | Khanna              | 142   |  100 |   30 |
|    37 | Durgapur            | 150   |  106 |   29 |
|    38 | Kurnool             | 79    |   56 |   29 |
|    39 | Pathankot/Dera Baba | 79    |   56 |   29 |
|    40 | Vadodara*           | 133   |   95 |   29 |
|    41 | Allahabad*          | 169   |  124 |   27 |
|    42 | Asansol*            | 147   |  108 |   27 |
|    43 | Srinagar            | 132** |   96 |   27 |
|    44 | Hyderabad*          | 110   |   81 |   26 |
|    45 | Gorakhpur           | 150   |  111 |   26 |
|    46 | Anantapur           | 78    |   59 |   24 |
|    47 | Ranchi*             | 141   |  107 |   24 |
|    48 | Bangalore*          | 92    |   70 |   24 |
|    49 | Akola               | 111   |   85 |   23 |
|    50 | Bhilai*             | 86    |   68 |   21 |
|    51 | Surat*              | 130   |  103 |   21 |
|    52 | Noida               | 229   |  182 |   21 |
|    53 | Howrah              | 139   |  111 |   20 |
|    54 | Thane               | 138   |  111 |   20 |
|    55 | Latur               | 82    |   66 |   20 |
|    56 | Nellore             | 64    |   52 |   19 |
|    57 | Gajraula            | 204   |  167 |   18 |
|    58 | Faridabad*          | 229** |  190 |   17 |
|    59 | Alwar               | 152   |  127 |   16 |
|    60 | Chittoor            | 70    |   59 |   16 |
|    61 | Kala Amb            | 118   |  100 |   15 |
|    62 | Gobindgarh          | 148   |  126 |   15 |
|    63 | Amravati            | 102   |   87 |   15 |
|    64 | Patiala             | 106   |   91 |   14 |
|    65 | Jaipur*             | 172   |  148 |   14 |
|    66 | Ongole              | 65    |   56 |   14 |
|    67 | Delhi               | 241   |  208 |   14 |
|    68 | Chandrapur          | 118   |  102 |   14 |
|    69 | Nashik*             | 82    |   72 |   12 |
|    70 | Jhansi              | 109   |   96 |   12 |
|    71 | Sangli              | 87    |   77 |   11 |
|    72 | Devanagere          | 74    |   66 |   11 |
|    73 | Kota*               | 139   |  124 |   11 |

|   74. | Rajahmundry   |   85 |   76 |   11 |
|-------|---------------|------|------|------|
|    75 | Hubli-Dharwad |   79 |   71 |   10 |
|    76 | Jabalpur*     |  101 |   91 |   10 |
|    77 | Ujjain        |   93 |   84 |   10 |
|    78 | Guntur        |   66 |   61 |    8 |
|    79 | Kalinga Nagar |  109 |  101 |    7 |
|    80 | Meerut*       |  159 |  149 |    6 |
|    81 | Nagpur*       |  100 |   94 |    6 |
|    82 | Eluru         |   72 |   68 |    6 |
|    83 | Madurai*      |   72 |   68 |    6 |
|    84 | Damtal        |   55 |   52 |    5 |
|    85 | Haldia        |   92 |   87 |    5 |
|    86 | Anpara        |  175 |  166 |    5 |
|    87 | Badlapur      |  160 |  152 |    5 |
|    88 | Udaipur       |  127 |  121 |    5 |
|    89 | Sangareddy    |   85 |   81 |    5 |
|    90 | Chennai*      |   66 |   63 |    5 |
|    91 | Ludhiana*     |  168 |  161 |    4 |
|    92 | Pune*         |  102 |   98 |    4 |
|    93 | Jamshedpur*   |  135 |  130 |    4 |
|    94 | Kolhapur      |   89 |   86 |    3 |
|    95 | Ulhasnagar    |  153 |  149 |    3 |
|    96 | Srikakulam    |   69 |   68 |    1 |
|    97 | Kashipur      |   99 |   98 |    1 |
|    98 | Talcher       |  113 |  113 |    0 |
|    99 | Nalgonda      |   59 |   59 |    0 |
|   100 | Bhopal*       |  112 |  113 |   -1 |
|   101 | Sagar         |   73 |   74 |   -1 |
|   102 | Vizianagaram  |   72 |   73 |   -1 |
|   103 | Chandigarh    |  114 |  116 |   -2 |
|   104 | Gulburga      |   55 |   56 |   -2 |
|   105 | Jalna         |   99 |  102 |   -3 |
|   106 | Patna*        |  172 |  178 |   -3 |
|   107 | Korba         |   57 |   59 |   -4 |
|   108 | Paonta Sahib  |   84 |   90 |   -7 |
|   109 | Gwalior*      |  126 |  136 |   -8 |
|   110 | Raipur*       |   70 |   76 |   -9 |
|   111 | Navi Mumbai   |   88 |   98 |  -11 |
|   112 | Rourkela      |   99 |  111 |  -12 |
|   113 | Muzaffarpur   |  147 |  168 |  -14 |
|   114 | Barrackpore   |   86 |   99 |  -15 |
|   115 | Guwahati      |  103 |  119 |  -16 |

|   116. | Dera Bassi     |   88 |   102 |   -16 |
|--------|----------------|------|-------|-------|
|    117 | Solapur        |   81 |    96 |   -19 |
|    118 | Dewas          |   83 |    99 |   -19 |
|    119 | Indore*        |   82 |    99 |   -21 |
|    120 | Vasai-Virar*   |   99 |   125 |   -26 |
|    121 | Nagaon         |   82 |   107 |   -30 |
|    122 | Aurangabad*    |   75 |    98 |   -31 |
|    123 | Gaya           |   79 |   104 |   -32 |
|    124 | Bhubaneswar    |   85 |   114 |   -34 |
|    125 | Jalgaon        |   70 |    97 |   -39 |
|    126 | Cuttack        |   93 |   129 |   -39 |
|    127 | Nalbari        |   87 |   127 |   -46 |
|    128 | Balasore       |   84 |   124 |   -48 |
|    129 | Visakhapatnam* |   76 |   120 |   -58 |
|    130 | Angul          |   97 |   167 |   -72 |

Note: Patancheru non-attainment city has been merged with Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration and accordingly revised number of cities covered under NCAP is 130.

***