Lok Sabha Question No. 3785 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2025-03-24
Subject: Three Languages Formula  in Schools
Ministry: EDUCATION
Asked by: Smt. Kanimozhi Karunanidhi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3785 ANSWERED ON 24.03.2025

## Three Languages Formula in Schools

3785. Smt. Kanimozhi Karunanidhi:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

(a)  the  details  of  the  languages  taught  under  the  three-language  formula  in  different  States  across  the country, State-wise;

(b) the details of the number of students studying these languages;

(c) the details of the number of students studying non-Hindi Indian languages in the Hindi speaking States, State-wise;

(d)  the  details  of  the  number  of  Tamil,  Hindi  and  Sanskrit  faculties  currently  working  in  the  Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs) in Tamil Nadu;

(e) whether the KVs has formulated any plans/policies to teach students in their respective Mother tongues; and

(f) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)

(a)  to  (c)  The  National  Education  Policy  (NEP),  2020, inter-alia ,  at  para  4.13,  provides  that  the  threelanguage  formula  will  continue  to  be  implemented  while  keeping  in  mind  the  Constitutional  provisions, aspirations  of  the  people,  regions,  and  the  Union,  and  the  need  to  promote  multilingualism  as  well  as promote national unity. However, there will be a greater flexibility in the three-language formula, and no language  will  be  imposed  on  any  State.  The  three  languages  learned  by  children  will  be  the  choices  of States,  regions,  and  of  course  the  students  themselves,  so  long  as  at  least  two  of  the  three  languages  are native  to  India.  In  particular,  students  who  wish  to  change  one  or  more  of  the  three  languages  they  are studying  may  do  so  in  Grade  6  or  7,  as  long  as  they  are  able  to  demonstrate  basic  proficiency  in  three languages (including one language of India at the literature level) by the end of secondary school.

As a follow-up of NEP 2020, the National Curriculum Framework for School Education has been developed and it provides roadmap for implementation perspectives of NEP 2020 on Languages Education in India.

The State-wise data on number and percentage of schools offering 1, 2 & 3 languages alongwith student enrolment is annexed.

(d) to (f) Kendriya Vidyalayas are 'specified category' schools as defined in Right to Education (RTE) Act and have been established with a mandate to have a uniform scheme of education. Therefore, the sanctioned posts of language teachers are that of Hindi, English and Sanskrit. However, there is an enabling provision for  teaching  of  other  languages  for  the  willing  students  between  classes  VI  to  VIII  vide  Art  112  of  the Education  Code  for  Kendriya  Vidyalaya.  As  per  this  provision,  a  teacher  can  be  engaged  on  part  time contractual basis if 15 or more students opt for it.

The teachers engaged in Kendriya Vidyalayas on part time contractual basis for teaching of Tamil as opted by the students is 24. Additionally, learning of Tamil language in 21 KVs is being undertaken through Tamil Virtual Academy (TVA), an autonomous organization under Tamil Nadu State for the students interested in learning of the language. There are 86 Hindi and 65 Sanskrit faculty working in the state of Tamil Nadu at present.

****

Annexure referred to in reply to parts (a) to (c) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3785 Answered on 24.03.2025 asked by Smt. Kanimozhi Karunanidhi, Hon'ble MP regarding 'Three Languages Formula in Schools'.

## 1. State wise Number and Percentage of Schools offering 1 Language, 2 Languages and 3 Languages

| India/State/UT                      | Number of schools teaching   | Number of schools teaching   | Number of schools teaching   | %of schools teaching   | %of schools teaching   | %of schools teaching   |
|-------------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|
| India/State/UT                      | 1 Language                   | 2 Languages                  | 3 Languages                  | 1 Language             | 2 Languages            | 3 Languages            |
| India                               | 149065                       | 416601                       | 906225                       | 10.1                   | 28.3                   | 61.6                   |
| Andaman &Nicobar Islands            | 4                            | 188                          | 220                          | 1.0                    | 45.6                   | 53.4                   |
| Andhra Pradesh                      | 5899                         | 28778                        | 26696                        | 9.6                    | 46.9                   | 43.5                   |
| Arunachal Pradesh                   | 184                          | 3296                         | 10                           | 5.3                    | 94.4                   | 0.3                    |
| Assam                               | 4303                         | 33278                        | 19049                        | 7.6                    | 58.8                   | 33.6                   |
| Bihar                               | 22791                        | 24717                        | 47178                        | 24.1                   | 26.1                   | 49.8                   |
| Chandigarh                          | 1                            | 5                            | 224                          | 0.4                    | 2.2                    | 97.4                   |
| Chhattisgarh                        | 4015                         | 12810                        | 39790                        | 7.1                    | 22.6                   | 70.3                   |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | 3                            | 11                           | 418                          | 0.7                    | 2.5                    | 96.8                   |
| Delhi                               | 19                           | 2254                         | 3224                         | 0.3                    | 41.0                   | 58.7                   |
| Goa                                 | 20                           | 759                          | 708                          | 1.3                    | 51.0                   | 47.6                   |
| Gujarat                             | 890                          | 379                          | 52357                        | 1.7                    | 0.7                    | 97.6                   |
| Haryana                             | 371                          | 9526                         | 13620                        | 1.6                    | 40.5                   | 57.9                   |
| Himachal Pradesh                    | 1532                         | 6415                         | 9879                         | 8.6                    | 36.0                   | 55.4                   |
| Jammu &Kashmir                      | 763                          | 3804                         | 19729                        | 3.1                    | 15.7                   | 81.2                   |
| Jharkhand                           | 8432                         | 18715                        | 17328                        | 19.0                   | 42.1                   | 39.0                   |
| Karnataka                           | 3768                         | 14151                        | 57950                        | 5.0                    | 18.7                   | 76.4                   |
| Kerala                              | 523                          | 3974                         | 11367                        | 3.3                    | 25.1                   | 71.7                   |
| Ladakh                              | 12                           | 213                          | 770                          | 1.2                    | 21.4                   | 77.4                   |
| Lakshadweep                         | 0                            | 1                            | 36                           | 0.0                    | 2.7                    | 97.3                   |
| Madhya Pradesh                      | 11428                        | 43596                        | 68388                        | 9.3                    | 35.3                   | 55.4                   |
| Maharashtra                         | 3843                         | 30052                        | 74342                        | 3.6                    | 27.8                   | 68.7                   |
| Manipur                             | 1551                         | 620                          | 2475                         | 33.4                   | 13.3                   | 53.3                   |
| Meghalaya                           | 2224                         | 9612                         | 2765                         | 15.2                   | 65.8                   | 18.9                   |
| Mizoram                             | 234                          | 1405                         | 2302                         | 5.9                    | 35.7                   | 58.4                   |
| Nagaland                            | 1368                         | 1288                         | 69                           | 50.2                   | 47.3                   | 2.5                    |
| Odisha                              | 6525                         | 25599                        | 29569                        | 10.6                   | 41.5                   | 47.9                   |
| Puducherry                          | 30                           | 415                          | 290                          | 4.1                    | 56.5                   | 39.5                   |
| Punjab                              | 561                          | 477                          | 26366                        | 2.0                    | 1.7                    | 96.2                   |
| Rajasthan                           | 12146                        | 25463                        | 70148                        | 11.3                   | 23.6                   | 65.1                   |
| Sikkim                              | 19                           | 117                          | 1118                         | 1.5                    | 9.3                    | 89.2                   |
| Tamil Nadu                          | 21725                        | 35092                        | 1905                         | 37.0                   | 59.8                   | 3.2                    |
| Telangana                           | 441                          | 15632                        | 26828                        | 1.0                    | 36.4                   | 62.5                   |
| Tripura                             | 1060                         | 1141                         | 2722                         | 21.5                   | 23.2                   | 55.3                   |
| Uttar Pradesh                       | 23280                        | 20693                        | 211114                       | 9.1                    | 8.1                    | 82.8                   |
| Uttarakhand                         | 1130                         | 1717                         | 19704                        | 5.0                    | 7.6                    | 87.4                   |
| West Bengal                         | 7970                         | 40408                        | 45567                        | 8.5                    | 43.0                   | 48.5                   |

*Source: UDISE+ 2023-24

## 2. State wise Number and Percentage of Enrolments in Schools offering 1 Language, 2

| India/State/UT                      | Enrolment in school teaching   | Enrolment in school teaching   | Enrolment in school teaching   | %Enrolment in school teaching   | %Enrolment in school teaching   | %Enrolment in school teaching   |
|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| India/State/UT                      | 1 Language                     | 2 Languages                    | 3 Languages                    | 1 Language                      | 2 Languages                     | 3 Languages                     |
| India                               | 21075241                       | 41652050                       | 185318537                      | 8.5                             | 16.8                            | 74.7                            |
| Andaman &Nicobar Islands            | 2235                           | 10505                          | 59379                          | 3.1                             | 14.6                            | 82.3                            |
| Andhra Pradesh                      | 468767                         | 1652172                        | 6620946                        | 5.4                             | 18.9                            | 75.7                            |
| Arunachal Pradesh                   | 10642                          | 306881                         | 6194                           | 3.3                             | 94.8                            | 1.9                             |
| Assam                               | 347779                         | 2520139                        | 4054615                        | 5.0                             | 36.4                            | 58.6                            |
| Bihar                               | 4842814                        | 4125101                        | 12380234                       | 22.7                            | 19.3                            | 58.0                            |
| Chandigarh                          | 413                            | 3646                           | 261647                         | 0.2                             | 1.4                             | 98.5                            |
| Chhattisgarh                        | 328052                         | 849385                         | 4599111                        | 5.7                             | 14.7                            | 79.6                            |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | 239                            | 2560                           | 138483                         | 0.2                             | 1.8                             | 98.0                            |
| Delhi                               | 6041                           | 863595                         | 3636942                        | 0.1                             | 19.2                            | 80.7                            |
| Goa                                 | 2319                           | 42057                          | 260359                         | 0.8                             | 13.8                            | 85.4                            |
| Gujarat                             | 196224                         | 83498                          | 11216987                       | 1.7                             | 0.7                             | 97.6                            |
| Haryana                             | 66608                          | 1140257                        | 4392877                        | 1.2                             | 20.4                            | 78.4                            |
| Himachal Pradesh                    | 61208                          | 271179                         | 1094025                        | 4.3                             | 19.0                            | 76.7                            |
| Jammu &Kashmir                      | 66517                          | 370954                         | 2192478                        | 2.5                             | 14.1                            | 83.4                            |
| Jharkhand                           | 1073728                        | 1855203                        | 4214324                        | 15.0                            | 26.0                            | 59.0                            |
| Karnataka                           | 429307                         | 826801                         | 10670195                       | 3.6                             | 6.9                             | 89.5                            |
| Kerala                              | 109745                         | 765850                         | 5406109                        | 1.7                             | 12.2                            | 86.1                            |
| Ladakh                              | 260                            | 8604                           | 47778                          | 0.5                             | 15.2                            | 84.4                            |
| Lakshadweep                         | 0                              | 185                            | 12406                          | 0.0                             | 1.5                             | 98.5                            |
| Madhya Pradesh                      | 990592                         | 2446709                        | 11924242                       | 6.4                             | 15.9                            | 77.6                            |
| Maharashtra                         | 615271                         | 2159006                        | 18601693                       | 2.9                             | 10.1                            | 87.0                            |
| Manipur                             | 127050                         | 64678                          | 455706                         | 19.6                            | 10.0                            | 70.4                            |
| Meghalaya                           | 143686                         | 601671                         | 307527                         | 13.6                            | 57.1                            | 29.2                            |
| Mizoram                             | 11350                          | 87025                          | 195388                         | 3.9                             | 29.6                            | 66.5                            |
| Nagaland                            | 251727                         | 149064                         | 12184                          | 61.0                            | 36.1                            | 3.0                             |
| Odisha                              | 674492                         | 1709756                        | 5372662                        | 8.7                             | 22.0                            | 69.3                            |
| Puducherry                          | 5573                           | 78733                          | 160522                         | 2.3                             | 32.2                            | 65.6                            |
| Punjab                              | 76144                          | 108749                         | 5803788                        | 1.3                             | 1.8                             | 96.9                            |
| Rajasthan                           | 1209219                        | 1765128                        | 13811718                       | 7.2                             | 10.5                            | 82.3                            |
| Sikkim                              | 2369                           | 6237                           | 112789                         | 2.0                             | 5.1                             | 92.9                            |
| Tamil Nadu                          | 4083015                        | 7509693                        | 1400342                        | 31.4                            | 57.8                            | 10.8                            |
| Telangana                           | 50651                          | 732979                         | 6510014                        | 0.7                             | 10.0                            | 89.3                            |
| Tripura                             | 63470                          | 104910                         | 521028                         | 9.2                             | 15.2                            | 75.6                            |
| Uttar Pradesh                       | 3751911                        | 4152402                        | 33758481                       | 9.0                             | 10.0                            | 81.0                            |
| Uttarakhand                         | 115806                         | 290915                         | 1965679                        | 4.9                             | 12.3                            | 82.9                            |
| West Bengal                         | 890017                         | 3985823                        | 13139685                       | 4.9                             | 22.1                            | 72.9                            |

Languages and 3 Languages

*Source: UDISE+ 2023-24