opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 1797 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Steel Development Fund
Ministry: STEEL
Asked by: Debasree Chaudhuri

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF STEEL

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1797

## FOR ANSWER ON 27/07/2022

## STEEL DEVELOPMENT FUND

1797. MS. DEBASREE CHAUDHURI:

Will the Minister of STEEL be pleased to state:

:

- (a) whether the Government is helping the steel plants in the country through Steel Development Fund (SDF) and if so, the details thereof; (b) whether the Government has granted any SDF assistance to steel plants in the State  of  West  Bengal  and  if  so,  the  details  including  the  quantum  of  assistance extended and its status thereof; and
- (c)  whether the Government would consider helping Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL)  in  West  Bengal  through  these  SDF  assistance  and  if  so,  the  details thereof?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE (SHRI FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE) MINISTRY OF STEEL

- ( a) to (c):  The character of Steel Development Fund (SDF) and the obligations of the member  steel  plants  is  sub-judice  before  the  Hon'ble  High  Court  of  Calcutta,  no assistance under SDF to steel plants are presently under consideration.
- *****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1796 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Affordable Broadband and Mobile Service
Ministry: COMMUNICATIONS
Asked by: Y. S. Avinash Reddy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1796 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27 TH  JULY, 2022

## AFFORDABLE BROADBAND AND MOBILE SERVICE

1796.   SHRI Y.S. AVINASH REDDY:

Will the Minister of Communications be pleased to state:

- (a) the steps being taken to enable affordable broadband and mobile service proliferation in rural and remote areas;
- (b) whether  five  per  cent  of  annual  collections  under  the  Universal  Service  Obligation Fund (USOF) will be allocated to promote Research and Development  (R&D)and commercialization of technologies and solutions and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the  details  of  the  contracts  for  laying  optical  fibre  in  all  villages,  including  remote areas  that  will  be  awarded  under  the  BharatNet  project  through  Public  Private  Partnership (PPP) and is expected for completion in 2025; and
- (d) the details of the progress made thereon till date?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS (SHRI DEVUSINH CHAUHAN)

- (a) Universal  Service  Obligation  Fund  (USOF)  has  taken  up  a  number  of  projects  to enable affordable broadband and mobile services proliferation in rural and remote areas. In BharatNet  projects  total  of  5,81,351  Km  of  Optical  Fibre  Cable(OFC)  has  been  laid  to connect  2,64,549  Gram  Panchayats(GPs)  and  at  present  1,77,550  GPs  are  service  ready, which includes 4394 GPs connected through satellite. Andaman & Nicobar islands has been connected  with  mainland  through  submarine  cable.  There  is  another  project  for  laying  of submarine cable to connect Lakshadweep with mainland. There are several other schemes viz. provision  of  mobile  services  in  Left  Wing  Extremism  (LWE)  affected  areas,  in  villages  of aspirational districts and in North Eastern region.
- (b) Yes, five per cent of annual collections under the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) shall be allocated to promote Research and Development (R&D) and commercialization of technologies and solutions.
- (c) & (d) Global bids were invited on 20.07.2021 for implementation under PPP model of BharatNet.  However, no response was received from any of the prospective bidders.  A revised strategy for BharatNet is accordingly being formulated.

**************
Lok Sabha Question No. 1787 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Funds Allocated and Utilised under BharatNet
Ministry: COMMUNICATIONS
Asked by: Pocha Brahmananda Reddy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1787 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27 th  JULY, 2022

## FUNDS ALLOCATED AND UTILISED UNDER BHARATNET

## 1787. SHRI POCHA BRAHMANANDA REDDY:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATIONS be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of funds allocated and utilised under the BharatNet Project during the last five years;
- (b) the  year-wise  details  of  number  of  Gram  Panchayats  (GPs)  made  service  ready  under  the BharatNet project;
- (c) whether all the GPs in the State of Andhra Pradesh are connected under the Bharatnet project and if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) the details of the number of GPs still left to be connected timeline, if any, for the completion of such works?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS (SHRI DEVUSINH CHAUHAN)

- (a) Rs.  22,676 crore has been allocated / utilized  by  Bharat  Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) during the last five years (2017-18 to 2021-22) under the BharatNet Project.
- (b) The  Year-wise  details  of  number  of  Gram  Panchayats  (GPs)  made  service  ready  under  the BharatNet Project are as under:
- (c) As on 30.06.2022, out of 13,420 GPs planned under BharatNet in Andhra Pradesh, total 2840 GPs are service ready.
- (d) Total 86,999 GPs under BharatNet is to be connected by March 2025.

|   Sl. No | As on        |   Service ready GPs including BHQ (cumulative) |
|----------|--------------|------------------------------------------------|
|        1 | August, 2014 |                                             59 |
|        2 | March, 2015  |                                            441 |
|        3 | March, 2016  |                                           6547 |
|        4 | March,2017   |                                          17931 |
|        5 | March,2018   |                                         106285 |
|        6 | March, 2019  |                                         118519 |
|        7 | March, 2020  |                                         138409 |
|        8 | March, 2021  |                                         158124 |
|        9 | March, 2022  |                                         178126 |

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1786 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Creamy Layer
Ministry: PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS
Asked by: Gowdar Mallikarjunappa Siddeshwara

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL & TRAINING)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1786

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.07.2022)

## CREAMY LAYER

## 1786. SHRI G.M. SIDDESHWAR:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is considering to make provision of creamy layer in the general category  for  Government  services  on  the  lines  of  provision  of  creamy  layer  for  the candidates in Other Backward Classes (OBCs) so that only weaker sections get benefits in Government services and if so, the details thereof?
- (b) whether  a  dual  policy  is  being  implemented  on  the  candidates  belonging  to  OBCs  by implementing the provision of a creamy layer only on Other Backward Classes;
- (c) the  details  of  income  criteria  set  for  creamy  layer  at  present  including  the  time  of  its increase; and
- (d) whether it is being increased from time to time and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

(a)  &  (b):    The  concept  of  exclusion  of  creamy  layer  from  amongst  Other  Backward  Classes (OBCs) has  been  introduced  based  on  the  directions  of  the  Hon'ble  Supreme  Court  in Indra Sawhnay Vs. UOI & Ors delivered in 1992.

(c) & (d):   The Income criteria to exclude creamy layer has been revised from time to time as follows:

- (i)      Vide  O.M.  No.  36033/3/2004-Estt.(Res),  dated  9 th March,  2004,  the  income  limit was revised from 1 lakh to Rs. 2.5 lakh per annum.
- (ii)   Vide O.M. No. 36033/3/2004-Estt.(Res), dated 14 th October, 2008, the income limit was revised from 2.5 lakh to Rs. 4.5 lakh per annum.
- (iii)    Vide  O.M.  No.  36033/1/2013-Estt.(Res),  dated  27 th May,  2013,  the  income  limit was revised from 4.5 lakh to Rs. 6 lakh per annum.
- (iv)  Vide O.M. No. 36033/1/1/2013-Estt.(Res), dated 13 th September, 2017, the income limit was revised from 6 lakh to Rs. 8 lakh per annum.

The present income limit is Rs. 8 lakh per annum.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1785 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Infrastructural Redevelopment of Railway Stations
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Nayab Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1785 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.07.2022

## INFRASTRUCUTRAL REDEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY STATIONS

†1785. SHRI NAYAB SINGH:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  the  details  of  the  infrastructural  redevelopment  of  the  railway stations in Kurukshetra Parliamentary Constituency;
- (b)  whether  the  train  no.  12311  and  12312  Netaji  Express  with passes  through  Kurukshetra  Parliamentary  Constituency  and  had stoppages  in  Kurukshetra  railway  station  and  Hathras  junction before Covid-19 and which was useful for the traders to commute between  both  the  cities  no  longer  has  stoppages  at  Hathras junction; and
- (c)  if  so,  the  time  by  which  the  stoppages  at  Hathras  junction  is likely to be resumed?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, COMMUNICATIONS AND

ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (c): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (c)  OF UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO.  1785  BY  SHRI  NAYAB  SINGH  TO  BE REGARDING

ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 27.07.2022 INFRASTRUCTURAL REDEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY STATIONS (a):  Ministry  of  Railways  through  various  agencies  is  undertaking techno-economic feasibility studies of Railway stations.  Based on the outcome of these feasibility studies, stations are planned to be taken up for development in phases. Kurukshetra Junction railway station in the  Kurukshetra  Parliamentary  Constituency  has  been  identified  for such studies. (b)  &  (c):  Indian  Railways  have  undertaken  rationalization  of  time table in a scientific manner with the assistance of IIT- Bombay. The exercise has been undertaken inter alia to provide for better passenger safety by creating maintenance corridor blocks, minimizing conflicts in existing time table etc. The exercise included rationalization of stoppages and accordingly, the stoppage of 12311/12  Howrah-Kalka  Netaji  Express  at  Hathras  station  has  been discontinued, owing to poor patronage. Provision of stoppage of the train at Hathras station is operationally and commercially not feasible, at present. However,  subject  to  operational  feasibility  and traffic justification, provision of stoppages is an on-going process on Indian Railways.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 1784 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Rajpura-Chandigarh Railway line
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Preneet Kaur

- (a)

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1784 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.07.2022

## RAJPURA-CHANDIGARH RAILWAY LINE

## 1784.  SHRIMATI PRENEET KAUR

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

the current status of connectivity of Rajpura to Chandigarh by Railway line; and

- (b) the  estimated  time  period  within  which  the  said  project  is  likely  to  be completed?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## (SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) and (b): Rajpura is connected to Chandigarh by rail line via Ambala Cantt. railway station.  However,  for  direct  connectivity  between  Rajpura  and  Chandigarh  (41.575 Km), a survey was done in 2014. As per survey report, the traffic projections were poor, as such it could not be taken forward.

Subsequently, Rajpura - Mohali New Line project (23.89 Km) was included in Budget 2016-17  subject  to  obtaining  requisite  approvals.  Accordingly,  Detailed  Project Report (DPR) was prepared by Railway. As per DPR, the traffic projections were poor and  the  project  was  unremunerative.  Therefore,  State  Government  of  Punjab  has been  requested  vide  letter  dated  24.11.2016  and  subsequently  vide  letters  on 12.12.2017  &  01.01.2018  to  form  a  Joint  Venture  company  between  Ministry  of Railways  and  State  Government  for  undertaking  such  railway  projects  or    provide land free of cost and share 50% cost of the project. Government of Punjab has not given their consent.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1783 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Transfer of Dam
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Rajan Baburao  Vichare

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1783 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.07.2022

## TRANSFER OF DAM

## †1783. SHRI RAJAN VICHARE:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Railways  proposes  to  transfer  the  dam  situated  in Ilthan  Pada  in  Navi  Mumbai  Digha  to  Navi  Mumbai  Municipal Corporation  unconditionally  to  avert  any  possibility  of  accidents occurring in future;
- (b) if  so,  the  details  thereof and the time by which it is likely to be done; and
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(SHRI ASHWINI VAISHNAW)

(a) to (c) :  Navi  Mumbai  Municipal  Corporation  (NMMC)  had  requested railways to hand over the dam situated at Ilthan Pada on lease basis. Railway advised NMMC to submit a formal proposal for the long term leasing  of  railway  land  where  dam  is  situated  at  Ilthan  Pada  as  per extant policy guidelines of Railways. However, the same is still awaited from NMMC.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1781 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Reservation in Promotion to Differently Abled
Ministry: PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS
Asked by: Nalin Kumar Kateel

## MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL & TRAINING)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1781

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.07.2022)

## RESERVATION IN PROMOTION TO DIFFERENTLY ABLED

## 1781. SHRI NALIN KUMAR KATEEL:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  made  any  provision  for  reservation  in  promotions  to  the differently-abled personnel in the jobs;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 has recommended reservation benefits to the persons with benchmark disabilities; and
- (d) if  so,  the  details  including  the  number  of  persons  benefitted  therefrom  during  the  last three years, yearwise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) & (b):  Yes, Sir. Instructions have been issued for reservation in promotion to Persons with Benchmark  Disabilities,  vide  Office  Memorandum  No.  36012/1/2020-Estt.(Res.-II),  dated 17.05.2022.
- (c) & (d):   Yes, Sir. Section 34(1) of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 has provided reservation benefits to the following categories:
- (a) blindness and low vision;
- (b) deaf and hard of hearing;
- (c) locomotor  disability  including  cerebral  palsy,  leprosy  cured,  dwarfism,  acid  attack victims and muscular dystrophy;
- (d) autism, intellectual disability, specific learning disability and mental illness;
- (e) multiple disabilities  from  amongst  persons  under clauses  (a) to  (d)  including  deafblindness in the posts identified for each disabilities.

Year-wise  details  of  Persons  with  Benchmark  Disabilities  appointed  during  the  last  three years, are as follows:

For year 2018 (as on 1.1.2019), as per data provided by 74 Ministries/Departments -2036

For year 2019 (as on 1.1.2020), as per data provided by 74 Ministries/Departments -1709

For year 2020 (as on 1.1.2021), as per data provided by 73 Ministries/Departments -1375

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1776 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Check on Provocative Posts
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Ram Kripal Yadav

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOKSABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1776

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 27.07.2022

## CHECK ON PROVOCATIVE POSTS

## 1776.   SHRI RAM KRIPAL YADAV:

Will the Minister of ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is taking any steps to put a check on provocative posts being posted on social media platforms like Twitter/Facebook; and
- (b) whether  the  Government  contemplates  to  make  provisions  for  punishing  the  one involved in such activities?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI RAJEEV CHANDRASEKHAR)

- (a): In order to address the challenges to prevent the spread of provocative post through social media platforms, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), on 25.02.2021  has  notified  the  Information  Technology  (Intermediary  Guidelines  and  Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules 2021) under the Information Technology Act (IT Act),  2000.  These  Rules  require  that  the  intermediaries  follow  certain  due  diligence  as prescribed.  Intermediaries  are  required  to  publish  privacy  policy  and  terms  of  use  of  their platform. They are also  required to inform their users not to host, display, upload, modify, publish, transmit, update or share any information that is harmful, objectionable, and unlawful in any way. In addition, they are also required to remove any unlawful information, prohibited under  any  law,  as  and  when  brought  to  their  knowledge  either  through  a  court  order  or through a notice by appropriate government or its agency.

Further, if any nodal officer sends requests for blocking of any such provocative posts that attracts the provision of section 69A of the Information Technology Act 2000, MeitY issues blocking  directions  to  block  such  provocative  post(s)  after  following  the  due  process  as envisaged in the Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguards for Blocking for Access of Information by Public) Rules, 2009.

(b): 'Police'  and  'Public  Order'  are  State  subjects  as  per  the  Seventh  Schedule  of  the Constitution  of  India.  States/UTs  are  primarily  responsible  for  the  prevention,  detection, investigation  and  prosecution  of  crimes  through  their  Law  Enforcement  Agencies  (LEAs). The LEAs take legal action as per provisions of law against the offenders.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 1772 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Suspension of Account
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Pradyut Bordoloi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOKSABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1772

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 27.07.2022

## SUSPENSION OF ACCOUNT

## 1772.   SHRI PRADYUT BORDOLOI:

Will the Minister of ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government requested Twitter to suspend any account or reduce visibility;
- (b) if so, the details of the number of the accounts suspended so far, year-wise since 2014;
- (c) whether the accounts suspended by Twitter were being handled since 2014; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof including the reasons for suspension of said accounts?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI RAJEEV CHANDRASEKHAR)

(a) to (d): Section 69A of the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 empowers Ministry of Electronics  and  Information  Technology  (MeitY)  to  block  information  in  any  computer resource in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, defence of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence relating to above. For blocking of information, MeitY follows  the  due  process  as  specified  in  the  Information  Technology  (Procedure  and Safeguards for Blocking for Access of Information by Public) Rules, 2009.

In  line  with  the  objective  of  the  Government  to  ensure  an  Open,  Safe  &  Trusted  and Accountable Internet for all its users, MeitY issued directions for blocking to Twitter to block URLs including accounts under provision of section 69A of the IT Act, 2000. MeitY does not maintain data regarding period of existence of accounts that were suspended by Twitter. The year-wise Twitter URLs blocked by MeitY is as tabulated below:

| Year       |   2014 |   2015 |   2016 |   2017 |   2018 |   2019 |   2020 |   2021 |   2022* |
|------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|---------|
| No. of RLs |      8 |     15 |    194 |    588 |    225 |   1041 |   2731 |   2851 |    1122 |

*Till June 2022

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 1771 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-27
Subject: Promotion of Data Science
Ministry: STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
Asked by: K. Muraleedharan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1771

TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.07.2022

## PROMOTION OF DATA SCIENCE

1771.  SHRI K. MURALEEDHARAN:

Will the Minister of STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has taken any measures to promote the study and application of Data s cience, a 'concept to unify statistics, data analysis,  informatics  and  their  related  methods'  in  order  to 'understand and analyze actual phenomena' with data; and
- (b)   if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF STATISTICS  AND  PROGRAMME  IMPLEMENTATION;  MINISTER  OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS [RAO INDERJIT SINGH]

- (a) &  (b)  To  promote  application  of  Data  science,  the  Ministry  of Statistics and Progarmme  Implementation (MoS&PI) undertakes continuous  capacity  development  of  the  officials  of  MoS&PI  by imparting training in emerging areas such as Machine Learning using Python, Artificial intelligence (AI), etc.  The Department of Science & Technology  (DST) under National Mission-Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical  Systems  (NMICPS),  have  established  three  Technology Innovation Hubs (TIHs) to promote the study and application of Data science. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) under

the  Ministry  of  Education  has  introduced  B.  Tech.  Course  in  Data science and Artificial Intelligence as a separate discipline in AICTE approved  institutions  and  as  an  elective  subject  option  for  other disciplines.  It  is  conducting  online  and  offline  training  programs  in new emerging areas including Data science.

- -------------------------------