Lok Sabha Question No. 4735 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-03-29
Subject: Study on Climate Vulnerability
Ministry: EARTH SCIENCES
Asked by: Aparajita Sarangi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4735 TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, 29 th  MARCH, 2023

## STUDY ON CLIMATE VULNERABILITY

## 4735.  SHRIMATI APARAJITA SARANGI:

Will the Minister of EARTH SCIENCES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has done any comprehensive climate vulnerability study on coastal communities, towns and ecosystems which will be affected by coastal erosion in Odisha;
- (b) if so, the details of the areas under coastal erosion in Odisha and the steps taken/likely to be taken by the Government to mitigate coastal erosion in Odisha;
- (c) the  details  of  habitat  loss,  coastal  degradation  and  coastal  erosion  due  to  climate change in the last five years; and
- (d) whether the Government has created any fund to compensate the victims of habitat loss due to coastal erosion in Odisha and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER FOR STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) Yes  Sir.  The  National  Centre  for  Coastal  Research  (NCCR),  an  attached  office  of Ministry  of  Earth  Sciences,  has  carried  out  a  National  shoreline  change  assessment mapping for Indian coast (including Odisha) using 28 years of satellite data from 1990 to  2018  to  provide  information  for coastal  management  strategy.  In addition, Indian National  Centre  for  Ocean  Information  Services  (INCOIS),  MoES  has  prepared  the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) maps for the entire coastline of India  by using 7 parameters  such  as  shoreline  change  rate,  sea-level  change  rate,  coastal  elevation, coastal slope, coastal geomorphology, significant wave height and tidal range. Further studies have been done on Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Mapping to identify potential areas  of  coastal  inundation  for  the  mainland  of  India  using  data  on  extreme  water levels, coastal erosion, sea-level change and high-resolution topography.
- (b) The district-wise statistics of coastal erosion in Odisha is as follows:

| Coastal District   | Coastal length (km)   | Erosion   | Stable   | Accretion   | Erosion   | Stable   | Accretion   |
|--------------------|-----------------------|-----------|----------|-------------|-----------|----------|-------------|
| Coastal District   | Coastal length (km)   | (In km)   | (In km)  | (In km)     | (In %)    | (In %)   | (In %)      |
| Ganjam             | 62.9                  | 15.48     | 18.32    | 29.1        | 24.6      | 29.1     | 46.3        |
| Puri               | 140.04                | 15.78     | 14.12    | 110.14      | 11.3      | 10.1     | 78.6        |
| Jagatsinghpur      | 58.72                 | 32.58     | 6.32     | 19.82       | 55.5      | 10.8     | 33.8        |

| Kendrapara   |   135.78 |     50 |   52.12 |   33.66 |   36.8 |   38.4 |   24.8 |
|--------------|----------|--------|---------|---------|--------|--------|--------|
| Bhadrak      |    59.88 |  11.1  |   10.4  |   38.38 |   18.5 |   17.4 |   64.1 |
| Baleshwar    |    92.18 |  15.79 |   27.49 |   48.9  |   17.1 |   29.8 |   53   |
| Total        |   549.5  | 140.73 |  128.77 |  280    |   25.6 |   23.4 |   51   |

A  report  on  "National  Assessment  of  Shoreline  Changes  along  Indian  Coast"  was shared  with  various  Central  and  State  Government  agencies  and  stakeholders  for implementing shoreline protection measures.

- (c) The details of habitat loss, coastal degradation and coastal erosion in Odisha are:
- (i) Loss  of  habitat  and  shifting  of  sites  of  turtle  nesting  from  Bhitarakanika  to Gahirmatha in Kendrapara district.
- (ii) Loss of vegetation and sand dunes in Pentha and Satabhaya coast.
- (iii) Loss  of  Casuarina  vegetation  in  Siali  and  adjoining  areas  of  Jagatsinghpur district
- (iv) Degradation of fishing hamlets in Ramachandi, and tourist beach in Puri town of Puri district.
- (v) Damage  to  fishing  hamlets  in  Podampeta,  Ramiyapatnam  and  Gopalpur  of Ganjam district.
- (d) Ministry of Earth Sciences through National Centre for Coastal Research and National Institute of Ocean Technology provides technical solutions to Government of Odisha in  mitigation  of  coastal  erosion  and  they  are  being implemented by  Government  of Odisha with their own funds.

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