Lok Sabha Question No. 1170 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-09
Subject: Eroding Coastlines
Ministry: EARTH SCIENCES
Asked by: Nalin Kumar Kateel

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION  No. 1170 TO BE ANSWERED ON 9 th  FEBRUARY 2022

## ERODING COASTLINES

## 1170.      SHRI NALIN KUMAR KATEEL

## Will the Minister of EARTH SCIENCES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is aware that  coastlines of the country have suffered severely due to natural causes and human activities;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government proposes to undertake any survey and mapping using scientific methodology  to  identify  coastline  stretches    prone  to  suffer  due  to  natural  causes  and human activities;
- (d) if so, the details thereof;
- (e) whether the Government has identified such  stretches for restoration; and
- (f) if so, the details along with the action plan for restoration of heavily eroded coastline?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF MINSTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) & (b) Yes, Sir. National Centre for Coastal Research, (NCCR), Chennai, an attached office of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) has studied the shoreline changes along Indian coast using 28 years (1990-2018) satellite and field surveyed data and mapped the 6,632 km long shoreline covering entire Indian mainland coast. The study counts more than a dozen reasons for the shoreline change, categorizing them as natural and anthropogenic causes. It is identified that, actions due to sea storm surges to sea level rise as natural causes and construction of structures at the coast like harbours, beach mining and building of dams on rivers as the main anthropogenic causes for shoreline changes.
- (c) & (d) Yes,  Sir.  NCCR  is  monitoring  the  shoreline  changes  for  entire  Indian  coastline  using Multi-spectral satellite images along with field-surveyed data for the period of 28 years (1990-2018).It was reported that 34% of the Indian coastline was vulnerable to erosion, 27% was accretion (growing) and 39% was in stable state.  Data findings of shoreline changes for 1990-2018 for Indian coast and results are given in the Annex 1.The National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management  (NCSCM),  Chennai  of  Ministry of Environment  Forest  and  Climate  Change  (MoEF&CC)  has  also  conducted  Shoreline changes studies along the coastal areas and identified the villages/ areas/ hotspots, which have seen significant Net Shoreline Movement and are severely affected by erosion.
- (e) & (f) Yes, Sir. The following specific proposals /  projects, among others, covering the coastal areas  are  under  the  consideration  of  the  Government,  under  the  ENCORE  (Enhancing Coastal and Ocean Resource Efficiency) project of Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) to be funded by the World Bank.
- i. Integrated  Coastal  Zone  Management  Plans  for  all  coastal  States/UTs,  including preparation of Shoreline Management plans.
- ii. River Bank protection plans for River Haldi, PurbaMednipur District and DakshinHazipur, West Bengal.
- iii. Coastal Protection Measures near Ramayapatna and Mangala River in Puri district, Odisha.
- iv. Close monitoring of the inlet of Chilika lagoon, Odisha, to assess its stability in the face of climate change.
- v. Casuarina Plantation to prevent the coastal villages in Odisha from severe Cyclone/ Storm surge and saline ingress.
- vi. Coastal  process  study  to  design  coastal  protection  structures  in  inhabited  and uninhabited islands of Lakshadweep Islands

Annex 1

| Sl No   | State      |                | Coast   | Coast length (in Km)   | Coast length (in Km)   | Coast length (in Km)   | Coast length (in Km)   | Coast length (in Km)   | Coast length (in Km)   |
|---------|------------|----------------|---------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|
|         |            |                | Length  | Erosion                | Erosion                | Stable                 | Stable                 | Accretion              | Accretion              |
|         |            |                | (in km) | Km                     | %                      | Km                     | %                      | Km                     | %                      |
| 1       | West Coast | Gujarat        | 1945.6  | 537.5                  | 27.6                   | 1030.9                 | 53                     | 377.2                  | 19.4                   |
| 2       |            | Daman & Diu    | 31.83   | 11.02                  | 34.6                   | 17.09                  | 53.7                   | 3.72                   | 11.7                   |
| 3       |            | Maharashtra    | 739.57  | 188.26                 | 25.5                   | 477.69                 | 64.6                   | 73.62                  | 10                     |
| 4       |            | Goa            | 139.64  | 26.82                  | 19.2                   | 93.72                  | 67.1                   | 19.1                   | 13.7                   |
| 5       |            | Karnataka      | 313.02  | 74.34                  | 23.7                   | 156.78                 | 50.1                   | 81.9                   | 26.2                   |
| 6       |            | Kerala         | 592.96  | 275.33                 | 46.4                   | 182.64                 | 30.8                   | 134.99                 | 22.8                   |
| 7       |            | Tamil Nadu     | 991.47  | 422.94                 | 42.7                   | 332.69                 | 33.6                   | 235.85                 | 23.8                   |
| 8       |            | Puducherry     | 41.66   | 23.42                  | 56.2                   | 13.82                  | 33.2                   | 4.42                   | 10.6                   |
| 9       | East Coast | Andhra Pradesh | 1027.58 | 294.89                 | 28.7                   | 223.36                 | 21.7                   | 509.33                 | 49.6                   |
| 10      |            | Odisha         | 549.5   | 140.72                 | 25.6                   | 128.77                 | 23.4                   | 280.02                 | 51                     |
| 11      |            | West Bengal    | 534.35  | 323.07                 | 60.5                   | 76.4                   | 14.3                   | 134.88                 | 25.2                   |
| Total   | Total      | Total          | 6907.18 | 2318.31                | 2318.31                | 2733.86                | 2733.86                | 1855.03                | 1855.03                |
| %       | %          | %              | %       | 33.6                   | 33.6                   | 39.6                   | 39.6                   | 26.9                   | 26.9                   |