Lok Sabha Question No. 3018 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-03-20
Subject: Erosion of Sea Beaches
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Jual Oram

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3018

TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.03.2023

## Erosion of Sea Beaches

## 3018.   SHRI JUAL ORAM:

Will  the  Minister  of  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND  CLIMATE  CHANGE  be  pleased  to state:

- (a) whether the Government have identified the sea beaches and other sea sides which are facing serious erosion problems;
- (b) if so, the details thereof, Coastal/State-wise;
- (c) the damage caused to each of these sea beaches; and
- (d) the action plan drawn up to repair the damage caused by the erosion?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

(SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

(a) to (c): Some stretches of India's shoreline are subject to varying degrees of erosion due to natural causes or anthropogenic activities. The coastal erosion does impact coastal communities residing in the erosion prone areas including fishermen communities. National Centre for Coastal Research, (NCCR), an attached office of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India has  monitored  the  shoreline  changes  for  entire  Indian  coastline  using  multi-spectral  satellite images along with field-surveyed data for the period 1990-2018. It is observed that 33.6% of the Indian coastline was vulnerable to erosion, 26.9% was under accretion (growing) and 39.6% was in stable state.

Under  the  shoreline  mapping  system  undertaken  by  NCCR,  526  maps  were  prepared  for  the entire Indian mainland coast for identifying vulnerable areas to coastal erosion in 1:25000 scale, along  with  69  district  maps,  and  9  States  and  2  Union  Territory  (UT)  maps.  A  report  on "National Assessment of Shoreline Changes along Indian Coast" was released in July 2018 and the report was shared with various Central and State Government agencies and stakeholders for implementing shoreline protection measures. An updated version of Atlas, along with a digital version of the report, containing all the maps, was released on 25 th March 2022.

The study by NCCR reveals that the shoreline changes are combined effect of natural and human activities  and  the  receding  coastline  will  cause  loss  of  land/habitat  and  the  livelihood  of fishermen in terms of losing the space for parking boats, mending nets and fishing operations.

The National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) has undertaken a detailed study - Statewise, beachwise, the findings of which are given in Annexure .

(d) The Government of India is committed for taking proactive steps in combating sea erosion and  protection  of  India's  coastal  areas  and  the  coastal  communities.  Some  of  the  important measures taken are as follows:

- i. Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change has delineated the hazard line for the entire coast of the country. The hazard line is indicative of the shoreline changes, including sea level rise  due  to  climate  change.  This  line  is  to  be  used  by  agencies  in Coastal  States  as  a  tool  for  Disaster  Management  including  planning  of  adaptive  and mitigation  measures.  The  hazard  line  features  in  the  new  Coastal  Zone  Management Plans of the coastal States/Union territories approved by the MoEFCC.
- ii. MoEFCC  has  notified  Coastal  Regulation  Zone  Notification,  2019  with  a  view  to conserve and protect coastal stretches, marine areas and to ensure livelihood security to the fisher and other local communities. The coastal regulations, however, permit setting up  of  erosion  control  measures  in  the  coast.  The  notification  also  provides  for  No Development Zones (NDZ) along various categories of coastal areas to protect India's coastline from encroachment and erosion.
- iii. MoEFCC has framed a national strategy for coastal protection along with guidelines for all Coastal States and Union Territories.
- iv. The Flood Management Scheme of Ministry  of Jal Shakti, including anti-sea erosion schemes, are planned and executed by the State Governments with their own resources as  per  priorities  of  States.  Union  Government  renders  assistance  to  states  which  is technical, advisory, catalytic and promotional in nature.
- v. Considering the importance of collection of data on coastal processes towards coastal protection  measures,  a  new  component  "Coastal  Management  Information  System (CMIS)" was initiated under the Central Sector Plan Scheme "Development of Water Resources Information System". CMIS is a data collection activity carried out to collect near  shore  coastal  data  which  can  be  used  in  planning,  design,  construction  and maintenance of site specific coastal protection structures at vulnerable Coastal stretches. Establishment  of  three  sites  each  in  the  State  of  Kerala,  Tamil  Nadu  and  UT  of Puducherry has been completed.
- vi. NCCR  has  successfully demonstrated the innovative coastal erosion mitigation measures  at  Puducherry  and  Chellanam  in  Kerala,  which  helped  in  restoration  and protection  of  coastal  areas  lost  at  Puducherry  and  flooding  at  Chellanam  Fishing Village.  Technical  support  has  been  extended  to  the  coastal  States  in  the  design  of coastal protection  measures  at  vulnerable  stretches  and  preparation  of  Shoreline Management Plans.

****

## ANNEXURE WITH RESPECT TO LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3018 FOR 20.03.2023 ON EROSION OF SEA BEACHES BY SHRI JUAL ORAM

| Beach              | Status             | Area (Sq. m)       |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
| Gujarat            | Gujarat            | Gujarat            |
| Umbrat Beach       | Accretion          | 110895.32          |
| TIthal Beach       | Erosion            | 69910.56           |
| Suvalli Beach      | Erosion            | 688783.17          |
| Mandavi Beach      | Accretion          | 20471.44           |
| Dandi Beach        | Erosion            | 69434.26           |
| Dabhari Beach      | Erosion            | 1640149.52         |
| Shivrajpur Beach   | Erosion            | 32692.74           |
| Shivrajpur Beach   | Accretion          | 2396.77            |
| Daman and Diu (UT) | Daman and Diu (UT) | Daman and Diu (UT) |
| Diu Beach          | Accretion          | 2336.42            |
| Ghoghla Beach      | Erosion            | 13614.04           |
| Ghoghla Beach      | Accretion          | 3430.41            |
| Maharashtra        | Maharashtra        | Maharashtra        |
| Versova Beach      | Accretion          | 1339.07            |
| Vengurla Beach     | Erosion            | 4959.69            |
| Tarkarli Beach     | Accretion          | 1387.88            |
| Sriuvardhan Beach  | Erosion            | 45912.15           |
| Shivaji Beach      | Accretion          | 28662.60           |
| Sasawne Beach      | Erosion            | 59331.47           |
| Nagaon Beach       | Erosion            | 93944.04           |
| Murud Beach        | Erosion            | 20098.49           |
| Marve Beach        | Accretion          | 25165.11           |
| Manori Beach       | Erosion            | 17815.01           |
| Mandwa Beach       | Erosion            | 20595.14           |
| Malvan Beach       | Accretion          | 8957.17            |
| Kihim Beach        | Erosion            | 6808.47            |
| Kelwa Beach        | Erosion            | 34484.03           |
| Kelshi Beach       | Accretion          | 107785.97          |
| Kashid Beach       | Accretion          | 5795.18            |
| Juhu Beach         | Erosion            | 25855.83           |
| Harihareswar Beach | Erosion            | 31200.00           |
| Guhagar Beach      | Erosion            | 2010.86            |
| Guhagar Beach      | Accretion          | 536.72             |
| Guhagar Beach      | Erosion            | 15407.02           |

| Beach              | Status    | Area (Sq. m)   |
|--------------------|-----------|----------------|
| Ganpatipule Beach  | Erosion   | 100688.26      |
| Diveagar Beach     | Accretion | 31948.86       |
| Dahanu Beach       | Erosion   | 196831.94      |
| Bordi Beach        | Erosion   | 114128.18      |
| Awas Beach         | Erosion   | 59849.10       |
| Anjarle Beach      | Erosion   | 0.00           |
| Anjarle Beach      | Erosion   | 30341.50       |
| Alibag Beach       | Accretion | 1338.05        |
| Aksa Beach         | Accretion | 91307.51       |
| Velneshwar Beach   | Erosion   | 31409.94       |
| Bhandarpule Beach  | Erosion   | 41675.18       |
| Goa                | Goa       | Goa            |
| Agonda Beach       | Erosion   | 1716.31        |
| Agonda Beach       | Accretion | 2618.69        |
| Anjuna Beach       | Accretion | 451.84         |
| Anjuna Beach       | Erosion   | 355.49         |
| Arambol Beach      | Accretion | 2059.52        |
| Ashvem Beach       | Erosion   | 12734.77       |
| Baga Beach         | Accretion | 29080.56       |
| Baina Beach        | Accretion | 10037.84       |
| Benaulim Beach     | Accretion | 8269.15        |
| Betalbatim Beach   | Erosion   | 8310.65        |
| Betul Beach        | Accretion | 54167.73       |
| Bogmalo Beach      | Accretion | 4294.77        |
| caboderama Beach   | Accretion | 445.35         |
| Calangute Beach    | Accretion | 48192.09       |
| Canaiguinium Beach | Erosion   | 2360.52        |
| Candolim Beach     | Accretion | 2764.31        |
| Candolim Beach     | Erosion   | 5169.59        |
| Cansaulim Beach    | Erosion   | 8377.57        |
| Caranzalem Beach   | Accretion | 314284.02      |
| Cavelossim Beach   | Erosion   | 678.08         |
| Cavelossim Beach   | Accretion | 13863.45       |
| Cola Beach         | Accretion | 834.25         |
| Colva Beach        | Erosion   | 22563.76       |
| Dharvalem Beach    | Erosion   | 925.12         |
| Dharvalem Beach    | Accretion | 835.28         |
| Galginbag Beach    | Accretion | 72.18          |
| Galginbag Beach    | Erosion   | 2672.66        |
| Hansa Beach        | Accretion | 2451.44        |

| Beach              | Status    | Area (Sq. m)   |
|--------------------|-----------|----------------|
| Kakolem Beach      | Accretion | 252.30         |
| Kakolem Beach      | Erosion   | 190.02         |
| Kalacha Beach      | Accretion | 1833.60        |
| Majorda Beach      | Accretion | 5574.31        |
| Mandarim Beach     | Erosion   | 15829.25       |
| Mobor Beach        | Accretion | 6713.69        |
| Morjim Beach       | Accretion | 13764.73       |
| Ozran Beach        | Accretion | 4278.20        |
| Palolem Beach      | Accretion | 1326.79        |
| Patnem Beach       | Erosion   | 1265.84        |
| Polem Beach        | Erosion   | 232.21         |
| Polem Beach        | Accretion | 4398.47        |
| Querim Beach       | Erosion   | 10403.88       |
| Rajban Beach       | Accretion | 6135.39        |
| Sernabatim Beach   | Erosion   | 7670.26        |
| Sinquerim Beach    | Erosion   | 8339.79        |
| Talpona Beach      | Erosion   | 5659.62        |
| Utorda Beach       | Erosion   | 297.62         |
| Vagator Beach      | Accretion | 915.93         |
| Vagator Beach      | Erosion   | 753.30         |
| Varca Beach        | Accretion | 17823.41       |
| Velsao Beach       | Erosion   | 5670.13        |
| Karnataka          | Karnataka | Karnataka      |
| Apsarakonda Beach  | Erosion   | 53073.51       |
| Karwar Beach       | Accretion | 227480.88      |
| Kaup Beach         | Erosion   | 7267.24        |
| Kudle Beach        | Accretion | 35522.74       |
| Malpe Beach        | Accretion | 61125.68       |
| Maravanthe Beach   | Erosion   | 1005.29        |
| Mukka Beach        | Accretion | 30.68          |
| Mukka Beach        | Erosion   | 47005.63       |
| Murudeshwar Beach  | Erosion   | 14062.86       |
| NITK Beach         | Erosion   | 12501.36       |
| Panambur Beach     | Erosion   | 50743.44       |
| Sasihithlu Beach   | Erosion   | 17696.65       |
| Sasihithlu Beach   | Erosion   | 19078.86       |
| Someshwar Beach    | Erosion   | 317133.03      |
| Tannirubhavi Beach | Accretion | 375772.02      |
| Ullal Beach        | Erosion   | 296835.10      |
| Kasarkod Beach     | Erosion   | 67382.31       |

| Beach                 | Status     | Area (Sq. m)   |
|-----------------------|------------|----------------|
| Padubidri Beach       | Erosion    | 44380.15       |
| Kerala                | Kerala     | Kerala         |
| Allepey Beach         | Accretion  | 29444.73       |
| Allepey Beach         | Erosion    | 36851.46       |
| Chavakkad Beach       | Accretion  | 913318.17      |
| Cherai Beach          | Erosion    | 132473.85      |
| Fort Kochi Beach      | Erosion    | 81615.61       |
| Hawa Beach            | Erosion    | 5661.86        |
| Kanhangad Beach       | Erosion    | 45986.69       |
| Kappad Beach          | Accretion  | 2826.71        |
| Kappad Beach          | Erosion    | 6522.31        |
| KappilBeach           | Erosion    | 148417.30      |
| Kollam Beach          | Accretion  | 256589.82      |
| Kovalam Beach         | Erosion    | 10518.66       |
| Light House Beach     | Erosion    | 4770.73        |
| Marari Beach          | Accretion  | 166698.28      |
| Meenkunnu Beach       | Accretion  | 545923.22      |
| Muzhappilangad Beach  | Accretion  | 76451.75       |
| Payyambalam Beach     | Accretion  | 23298.40       |
| Samudra Beach         | Erosion    | 22055.28       |
| Shangumughom Beach    | Erosion    | 133403.06      |
| Snehatheeram Beach    | Erosion    | 731778.25      |
| Thirumullavaram Beach | Accretion  | 938.14         |
| Thirumullavaram Beach | Erosion    | 13235.73       |
| Tamil Nadu            | Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu     |
| Ariyaman Beach        | Accretion  | 124947.44      |
| Kovalam Beach         | Erosion    | 415480.44      |
| Dhankuskodi Beach     | Erosion    | 142770.14      |
| Eliiots beach         | Accretion  | 148692.35      |
| Golden Beach          | Accretion  | 16936.42       |
| Kanyakumari Beach     | Accretion  | 36380.83       |
| Kasimedu Beach        | Accretion  | 743.04         |
| Mahabalipuram Beach   | Erosion    | 50197.38       |
| Marina Beach          | Accretion  | 302193.70      |
| Pamban Beach          | Erosion    | 9298.59        |
| Paradise Beach        | Accretion  | 2215.20        |
| Sanguthurai Beach     | Erosion    | 7073.14        |
| Sendumal Beach        | Accretion  | 211057.91      |
| Serenity Beach        | Accretion  | 7748.95        |
| Silver Beach          | Erosion    | 468380.47      |

| Beach                   | Status          | Area (Sq. m)    |
|-------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|
| Sothavilai Beach        | Erosion         | 142462.63       |
| Thiruvanmiyur Beach     | Accretion       | 73520.99        |
| Tiruchendur Beach       | Accretion       | 75327.24        |
| Tuticorin Beach         | Accretion       | 458485.70       |
| Vattakotai Beach        | Erosion         | 29916.55        |
| Velankanni Beach        | Erosion         | 378673.22       |
| Puducherry (UT)         | Puducherry (UT) | Puducherry (UT) |
| Auroville Beach         | Erosion         | 173583.02       |
| Karaikal Beach          | Erosion         | 349227.87       |
| Promenade Beach         | Accretion       | 2504.55         |
| Eden Beach              | Accretion       | 268160.98       |
| Yanam Beach             | Erosion         | 421533.99       |
| Andhra Pradesh          | Andhra Pradesh  | Andhra Pradesh  |
| Addaripeta Beach        | Erosion         | 9496.11         |
| Alagayapalem Beach      | Accretion       | 6296.74         |
| Alone Beach             | Accretion       | 88822.57        |
| Antervedi Beach         | Erosion         | 1231329.46      |
| Balarampuram Beach      | Accretion       | 340781.79       |
| Baruva Beach            | Erosion         | 21297.99        |
| Bavapadu Beach          | Accretion       | 138802.27       |
| Bheemili Beach          | Accretion       | 1988.95         |
| Boyapadu Beach          | Accretion       | 12026.85        |
| Budagatlapalem Beach    | Accretion       | 1074003.87      |
| BVS Beach               | Accretion       | 72432.39        |
| Chackicheral Beach      | Accretion       | 127345.51       |
| Chinaganjam Beach       | Accretion       | 339666.78       |
| Chinakaragraharam Beach | Erosion         | 267724.51       |
| Chintalamori Beach      | Accretion       | 971093.66       |
| Chintapalli Beach       | Accretion       | 7832.59         |
| Chintapalli Beach       | Accretion       | 6919.50         |
| Danvaipeta Beach        | Erosion         | 125620.46       |
| Dindi Beach             | Accretion       | 2052360.94      |
| Dlpuram Beach           | Erosion         | 7959.62         |
| Dokulapadu Beach        | Accretion       | 149296.36       |
| Dragonmouth Beach       | Erosion         | 5088056.51      |
| Etthamukhala Beach      | Accretion       | 176058.88       |
| Gaddipeta Beach         | Erosion         | 417540.47       |
| Gangapatnam Beach       | Erosion         | 1321.40         |
| Gangavaram Beach        | Accretion       | 28340.74        |
| Gavandlapallem Beach    | Accretion       | 55789.17        |

| Beach                 | Status    |     Area (Sq. m) |
|-----------------------|-----------|------------------|
| Gollapalem Beach      | Accretion |      1.50533e+06 |
| Gopuvanipalem Beach   | Accretion |      1.68912e+06 |
| Gudivada Beach        | Erosion   |  23104.9         |
| Guppidipeta Beach     | Accretion | 150270           |
| Gurrajupeta Beach     | Erosion   |   9130.78        |
| Guvundlapalem Beach   | Erosion   | 137490           |
| Jeerupalem Beach      | Accretion | 214806           |
| Jodugullapalem Beach  | Accretion |   6313.45        |
| Kalingapatnam Beach   | Accretion | 349675           |
| Kanakadurga Beach     | Accretion | 336775           |
| Kanuparthi Beach      | Accretion |   3428.24        |
| Karlapalem Beach      | Erosion   |  30953.4         |
| Katamvaripalem Beach  | Accretion |  18390.1         |
| Katepalli Beach       | Erosion   |  48298.2         |
| Kaviti Beach          | Erosion   |  14366.7         |
| Kesanapalli Beach     | Accretion | 318386           |
| Kodurivaripalem Beach | Accretion | 230666           |
| Konada Beach          | Accretion |      1.06676e+06 |
| Konada Beach          | Accretion |  10807.1         |
| Konapapapeta Beach    | Erosion   | 967114           |
| Kondurpalem Beach     | Accretion | 221451           |
| Kotcherla Beach       | Accretion |  53449.6         |
| Kotharevu Beach       | Accretion | 342075           |
| Kothasathram Beach    | Accretion |   9046.33        |
| Kovvada Beach         | Accretion | 179862           |
| Krishnapatnam Beach   | Accretion |  12302.3         |
| Kudithipalem Beach    | Erosion   |   2771.44        |
| Kunduvanipeta Beach   | Accretion | 206054           |
| LN Puram Beach        | Erosion   | 124214           |
| Machilipatinam Beach  | Accretion |      2.01599e+06 |
| Moonside Beach        | Accretion | 182697           |
| Motupalli Beach       | Accretion | 213344           |
| Mypadu Beach          | Erosion   |   5185.8         |
| Nawabpet Beach        | Erosion   | 124944           |
| Nemam Beach           | Erosion   | 379182           |
| Nizampatinam Beach    | Accretion | 433529           |
| Nuvvalarevu Beach     | Accretion |  61200.6         |
| Odalarevu Beach       | Erosion   |      1.87757e+06 |
| Onturu Beach          | Accretion | 112129           |
| Pakala Beach          | Accretion | 266197           |

| Beach                        | Status    |     Area (Sq. m) |
|------------------------------|-----------|------------------|
| Pallam Beach                 | Accretion |  35035.4         |
| Pallipalem Beach             | Erosion   |  30967.2         |
| Pandurangapuram Beach        | Accretion | 302155           |
| Pedaganjam Beach             | Accretion | 183210           |
| Pedamainavanilanka Beach     | Accretion | 322841           |
| Pedapatnam Beach             | Accretion | 725942           |
| Pedaramudupalem Beach        | Accretion |   4494.05        |
| Peddapallepalem Beach        | Erosion   | 845125           |
| Pedhatheenarla Beach         | Erosion   |   2030.4         |
| Pentakota Beach              | Erosion   |  20114.1         |
| Perumallapuram Beach         | Erosion   | 425110           |
| Pinnivaripalem Beach         | Accretion |  77074.4         |
| Ponnapudi Beach              | Accretion | 411513           |
| Pothayyapeta Beach           | Accretion |  93416.4         |
| Rajarampuram Beach           | Accretion | 537657           |
| Rajupalem Beach              | Accretion |  46462.3         |
| Rajyapeta Beach              | Accretion |   6248.96        |
| Rambili Beach                | Erosion   |   3556.7         |
| Ramchandrapuram Beach        | Accretion | 131728           |
| Ramyapatnam Beach            | Accretion |  44598.3         |
| Ramyapattanam Beach          | Erosion   |  74319.9         |
| Raviguntapalem Beach         | Accretion | 167682           |
| Revupolavaram Beach          | Erosion   |  42543.9         |
| RK BEach                     | Accretion |  82099.9         |
| RP Palem Beach               | Accretion | 124245           |
| Rushikonda Beach             | Erosion   |  13338.6         |
| Sagarnagar Beach             | Accretion |   6658.28        |
| Seethapalem Beach            | Accretion |   4290.08        |
| Shankaraguptham Beach        | Accretion | 582581           |
| Shiv Beach                   | Accretion |   7978.51        |
| Shivasagar Beach             | Accretion |  47032.2         |
| ShivasatendraPrajapati Beach | Accretion |   6421.41        |
| SSR Port Beach               | Accretion |    399.5         |
| Sunrise Beach                | Accretion | 347029           |
| Tallapalem Beach             | Accretion |      1.43308e+06 |
| Tammayyapalem Beach          | Accretion |  46367.2         |
| Thanthadi Beach              | Accretion |  34113.5         |
| Thatichetla palem Beach      | Erosion   |  94118.4         |
| Thotlakonda Beach            | Erosion   |  15664.5         |
| Thummalapenta Beach          | Erosion   | 420848           |

| Beach                | Status      | Area (Sq. m)   |
|----------------------|-------------|----------------|
| Thupilipalem Beach   | Accretion   | 148877.89      |
| Tikkavanipalem Beach | Accretion   | 241948.82      |
| Turpupalem Beach     | Accretion   | 263938.90      |
| Uppada Beach         | Erosion     | 380688.53      |
| Vasalatippa Beach    | Accretion   | 202384.65      |
| Vatsavalasa Beach    | Accretion   | 630357.56      |
| Vodarevu Beach       | Accretion   | 250844.59      |
| Yarad Beach          | Accretion   | 9218.71        |
| Zard Beach           | Accretion   | 22981.46       |
| Odisha               | Odisha      | Odisha         |
| Aryapalli Beach      | Erosion     | 676471.18      |
| Astaranaga Beach     | Accretion   | 667896.55      |
| Baleswar Beach       | Erosion     | 108246.70      |
| Chandipur Beach      | Accretion   | 138066.82      |
| Chandrabaga Beach    | Accretion   | 10490.03       |
| Dagara Beach         | Accretion   | 3815427.09     |
| Dhabaleshwar Beach   | Erosion     | 76665.07       |
| Gahirmatha Beach     | Accretion   | 570899.12      |
| ganjam Beach         | Erosion     | 3467.58        |
| Gopalpur             | Accretion   | 7946.11        |
| Hukitola Beach       | Accretion   | 5651304.28     |
| Konark Beach         | Accretion   | 20579.76       |
| Paradeep Beach       | Accretion   | 684719.25      |
| Parikud Beach        | Accretion   | 40901.68       |
| Pentha Beach         | Erosion     | 3645514.06     |
| Puri                 | Accretion   | 42295.56       |
| Ramchandi Beach      | Accretion   | 184573.19      |
| Satabhaya Beach      | Erosion     | 4494576.08     |
| Satpada Beach        | Accretion   | 1190005.73     |
| Sonapur Beach        | Accretion   | 3825.56        |
| Golden Beach         | Erosion     | 379979.57      |
| West Bengal          | West Bengal | West Bengal    |
| Bankiput Beach       | Accretion   | 205519.80      |
| Digha Beach          | Accretion   | 7396.33        |
| Junput Beach         | Accretion   | 643921.07      |
| Mandarmani Beach     | Erosion     | 108815.27      |
| Shankarpur Beach     | Erosion     | 826310.08      |
| Tajpur Beach         | Erosion     | 287462.27      |
| Udayapur Beach       | Erosion     | 51357.46       |