Lok Sabha Question No. 3075 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-08-06
Subject: Death due to Air Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Pritam Gopinath Munde, Rahul Ramesh Shewale, Ashok Kumar Rawat, Girish Bhalchandra Bapat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3075

TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2021

## Death due to Air Pollution

3075.   DR. PRITAM GOPINATHRAO MUNDE: SHRI RAHUL RAMESH SHEWALE: SHRI ASHOK KUMAR RAWAT:

SHRI GIRISH BHALCHANDRA BAPAT:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether about 1.5 million people in India die annually due to air pollution, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the Government has conducted any survey in this regard, if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether  the  National  Green  Tribunal  has  formed  an  eight-member  National  Task Force (NTF) to monitor remedial steps to improve air quality and if so, the details thereof and the measures suggested by the NTF for the same;
- (d) the  names  of  the  cities  where  air  quality  does  not  meet  the  National  Ambient  Air Quality Standards, State-wise, particularly in Maharashtra;
- (e) whether the Government has formulated National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) as a medium-term  national  level  strategy  to  tackle  the  increasing  air  pollution  problem; and
- (f) if so, the extent to which the pollution level has been reduced after the implementation of NCAP, State/ UT-wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

(a ) &  (b) Air pollution is one of the triggering factors for respiratory ailments and associated diseases,  however,  there  are  no  conclusive  data  available  in  the  country  to  establish  direct correlation of  death/ disease exclusively due to air  pollution. Health effects of air pollution are synergistic manifestation of factors which include food habits, occupational habits, socioeconomic status, medical history, immunity, heredity, etc., of the individuals.

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare along with Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) and Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has conducted the study 'India State-level Disease Burden Initiative'. The report, titled 'India: Health of the Nation's States - The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative'  was published in 2017. The study report provided the distribution of diseases and risk factors across all states of the country from 1990 to 2016. The five leading risk factors for Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in 2016 includes child and maternal malnutrition, air pollution, dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, and high fasting plasma glucose.

(c ) The  Hon'ble  National  Green  Tribunal  vide  order  dated  8 th April  2021  directed  for constitution of an eight-member National Task Force (NTF) to be headed and coordinated by the  Secretary,  Ministry  of  Environment,  Forest  and  Climate  Change  with  nominees  of Ministries  from  Housing  and  Urban    Development,  Road  Transport,  Petroleum,  Power, Agriculture, Health and Chairman, CPCB with a view to monitor remedial steps to improve the status of air quality in Non -attainment Cities .

In compliance, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has reconstituted a  Steering  Committee  vide  Office  Order  dated  20.05.2021  under  the  Chairmanship  of Secretary,  Environment  Forest  and  Climate  Change    in  agreement  with  the  objectives  of National  Clean  Air  Programme  (NCAP)  .  The  Committee inter  alia provided  overall guidance  and directions for effective implementation of NCAP, discharge functions assigned to  NTF,  evolve  and  oversee  parameters  for  ranking  of  success  of  remedial  action  for  124 Non-Attainment Cities (NACs)   covered by  NCAP, 42 million plus cities covered by 15 th Finance Commission Grants and other air polluted areas, etc.

(d) A list of cities (State-wise) where air quality does not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards is at Annexure - I .

(e ) & (f)  The Government of India has been implementing  NCAP  since 2019 as a nationallevel  strategy,    outlining  the  actions  for  reducing  the  levels  of  air  pollution  at  city  and regional  scales  in  India.  The  NCAP  targets  to  achieve  20  to  30  per  cent  reduction  in Particulate Matter by 2024 across the country. The long term goal of NCAP is to meet the prescribed annual average ambient air quality standards at all locations in the country in a stipulated timeframe. The cities which have shown improvement in air quality under NCAP programme are at Annexure II.

Annexure I referred in reply to part (d) of  the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3075 due for answer on 06.08.2021  regarding 'Death due to Air Pollution'

List of cities not meeting  the  National Ambient Air Quality Standards

|   S. No. | State            | Cities under NCAP   |
|----------|------------------|---------------------|
|        1 | Andhra Pradesh   | Rajahmundry         |
|        2 | Andhra Pradesh   | Srikakulam          |
|        3 | Andhra Pradesh   | Vishakhapatnam      |
|        4 | Andhra Pradesh   | Vizianagaram        |
|        5 | Assam            | Guwahati            |
|        6 | Assam            | Nagaon              |
|        7 | Bihar            | Gaya                |
|        8 | Bihar            | Muzzaffarpur        |
|        9 | Bihar            | Patna               |
|       10 | Chandigarh       | Chandigarh          |
|       11 | Delhi            | Delhi               |
|       12 | Gujarat          | Ahmedabad           |
|       13 | Gujarat          | Surat               |
|       14 | Gujarat          | Vadodara            |
|       15 | Gujarat          | Rajkot              |
|       16 | Himachal Pradesh | Baddi               |
|       17 | Himachal Pradesh | Damtal              |
|       18 | Himachal Pradesh | Kala Amb            |
|       19 | Himachal Pradesh | Nalagarh            |
|       20 | Himachal Pradesh | Parwanoo            |
|       21 | Himachal Pradesh | Sunder Nagar        |
|       22 | Jammu &Kashmir   | Jammu               |
|       23 | Jammu &Kashmir   | Srinagar            |
|       24 | Jharkhand        | Dhanbad             |
|       25 | Jharkhand        | Jamshedpur          |
|       26 | Jharkhand        | Ranchi              |
|       27 | Karnataka        | Bangalore           |
|       28 | Karnataka        | Devangere           |
|       29 | Karnataka        | Gulburga            |
|       30 | Karnataka        | Hubli-Dharwad       |
|       31 | Madhya Pradesh   | Bhopal              |
|       32 | Madhya Pradesh   | Dewas               |
|       33 | Madhya Pradesh   | Gwalior             |
|       34 | Madhya Pradesh   | Indore              |
|       35 | Madhya Pradesh   | Jabalpur            |
|       36 | Madhya Pradesh   | Sagar               |
|       37 | Madhya Pradesh   | Ujjain              |
|       38 | Maharashtra      | Aurangabad          |
|       39 | Maharashtra      | Badlapur            |

|   40. |               | Chandrapur      |
|-------|---------------|-----------------|
|    41 |               | Jalna           |
|    42 |               | Kolhapur        |
|    43 |               | Mumbai          |
|    44 |               | Nagpur          |
|    45 |               | Pune            |
|    46 |               | Sangli          |
|    47 |               | Solapur         |
|    48 |               | Thane           |
|    49 |               | Ulhasnagar      |
|    50 | Meghalaya     | Byrnihat        |
|    51 | Nagaland      | Dimapur         |
|    52 |               | Kohima          |
|    53 | Orissa        | Angul           |
|    54 |               | Balasore        |
|    55 |               | Bhubneshwar     |
|    56 |               | Cuttack         |
|    57 |               | Kalinga Nagar   |
|    58 |               | Rourkela        |
|    59 |               | Talcher         |
|    60 | Punjab        | Amritsar        |
|    61 |               | Dera Baba Nanak |
|    62 |               | DeraBassi       |
|    63 |               | Gobindgarh      |
|    64 |               | Jalandhar       |
|    65 |               | Khanna          |
|    66 |               | Ludhiana        |
|    67 |               | NayaNangal      |
|    68 |               | Patiala         |
|    69 | Rajasthan     | Alwar           |
|    70 |               | Jaipur          |
|    71 |               | Jodhpur         |
|    72 |               | Kota            |
|    73 |               | Udaipur         |
|    74 | Tamil Nadu    | Tuticorin       |
|    75 | Telangana     | Hyderabad       |
|    76 |               | Patencheru      |
|    77 |               | Sangareddy      |
|    78 | Uttar Pradesh | Agra            |
|    79 |               | Allahabad       |
|    80 |               | Anpara          |
|    81 |               | Bareily         |
|    82 |               | Firozabad       |
|    83 |               | Gajraula        |
|    84 |               | Ghaziabad       |
|    85 |               | Gorakhpur       |

|   86. |             | Jhansi      |
|-------|-------------|-------------|
|    87 |             | Kanpur      |
|    88 |             | Khurja      |
|    89 |             | Lucknow     |
|    90 |             | Moradabad   |
|    91 |             | Noida       |
|    92 |             | Raebareli   |
|    93 |             | Varanasi    |
|    94 |             | Meerut      |
|    95 | Uttarakhand | Dehradun    |
|    96 |             | Kashipur    |
|    97 |             | Rishikesh   |
|    98 | West Bengal | Asansol     |
|    99 |             | Barrackpore |
|   100 |             | Durgapur*   |
|   101 |             | Haldia      |
|   102 |             | Howrah      |
|   103 |             | Kolkata     |
|   104 |             | Raniganj    |
|   105 | Haryana     | Faridabad   |

## Annexure II referred in reply to  part (e)  & (f)  of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3075  due for answer on 06.08.2021  regarding 'Death due to Air Pollution'

## List of Cities that have shown decreased concentration of PM10 - 2019-2020 & 2020-2021

| Sl. No.   | States / UTs     | Cities           | 2019-2020 Average concentration of PM 10 (µg/m 3 )   |   2020-2021 Average concentration of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
|-----------|------------------|------------------|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| 1.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Vijayawada       | 57                                                   |                                                   56 |
| 2.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Anantpur         | 60                                                   |                                                   58 |
| 3.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Chittur          | 51                                                   |                                                   41 |
| 4.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Eluru            | 64                                                   |                                                   58 |
| 5.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Guntur           | 58                                                   |                                                   56 |
| 6.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Kurnool          | 56                                                   |                                                   52 |
| 7.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Nellore          | 67                                                   |                                                   56 |
| 8.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Ongole           | 59                                                   |                                                   49 |
| 9.        | Andhra Pradesh   | Vizhianagaram    | 68                                                   |                                                   63 |
| 10.       | Andhra Pradesh   | Nagaon           | 92                                                   |                                                   90 |
| 11.       | Assam            | Nalbari          | 75                                                   |                                                   57 |
| 12.       | Andhra Pradesh   | Silchar          | 45                                                   |                                                   43 |
| 13.       | Andhra Pradesh   | Sivasagar        | 55                                                   |                                                   48 |
| 14.       |                  | Patna            | 170                                                  |                                                  143 |
| 15.       | Bihar            | Gaya             | 76                                                   |                                                   71 |
| 16.       | Chandigarh       | Chandigarh       | 92                                                   |                                                   90 |
| 17.       | Chhattisgarh     | Korba            | 54                                                   |                                                   46 |
| 18.       | Chhattisgarh     | Durg Bhilainagar | 75                                                   |                                                   56 |
| 19.       | Chhattisgarh     | Raipur           | 63                                                   |                                                   55 |
| 20.       | Gujarat          | Rajkot           | 113                                                  |                                                   94 |
| 21.       | Gujarat          | Surat            | 109                                                  |                                                   93 |
| 22.       | Gujarat          | Vadodara         | 108                                                  |                                                   95 |
| 23.       | Gujarat          | Baddi            | 133                                                  |                                                  123 |
| 24.       | Himachal Pradesh | Kala Amb         | 95                                                   |                                                   64 |
| 25.       | Himachal Pradesh | Nalagarh         | 113                                                  |                                                   90 |
| 26.       | Himachal Pradesh | Paonta Sahib     | 98                                                   |                                                   78 |
| 27.       | Himachal Pradesh | Parwanoo         | 60                                                   |                                                   44 |
| 28.       | Himachal Pradesh | Sunder Nagar     | 69                                                   |                                                   63 |
| 29.       | Jharkhand        | Dhanbad          | 211                                                  |                                                  198 |
| 30.       | Jharkhand        | Jamshedpur       | 138                                                  |                                                   96 |
| 31.       | Jharkhand        | Ranchi           | 108                                                  |                                                  105 |
| 32.       | Karnataka        | Bengaluru        | 73                                                   |                                                   62 |
| 33.       | Madhya Pradesh   | Hubli-Dharwad    | 78                                                   |                                                   69 |
| 34.       |                  | Bhopal           | 141                                                  |                                                  114 |
| 35.       |                  | Gwalior          | 136                                                  |                                                  125 |
| 36.       |                  | Jabalpur         | 111                                                  |                                                  106 |
| 37.       |                  | Sagar            | 71                                                   |                                                   64 |
| 38.       |                  | Aurangabad       | 76                                                   |                                                   65 |
| 39.       |                  | Greater Mumbai   | 106                                                  |                                                   98 |
| 40.       |                  | Nagpur           | 80                                                   |                                                   68 |
| 41.       |                  | Nashik           | 57                                                   |                                                   51 |
| 42.       |                  | Pune             | 81                                                   |                                                   69 |
| 43.       | Maharashtra      | Vasai virar      | 99                                                   |                                                   43 |
| 44.       |                  | Akola            | 66                                                   |                                                   54 |
| 45.       |                  | Amravati         | 89                                                   |                                                   58 |
| 46.       |                  | Badlapur         | 88                                                   |                                                   67 |
| 47. 48.   |                  | Jalgaon Jalna    | 57                                                   |                                                   53 |
|           |                  | Kolhapur         | 95 95                                                |                                                   86 |
| 49.       |                  |                  |                                                      |                                                   83 |
| 50.       | Maharashtra      | Latur            | 84                                                   |                                                   54 |

|   Sl. No. | Cities          | 2019-2020 Average concentration of PM (µg/m 3 )   |   2020-2021 Average concentration of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
|-----------|-----------------|---------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
|        51 | Navi Mumbai     | 10 54                                             |                                                   52 |
|        52 | Solapur         | 90                                                |                                                   79 |
|        53 | Ulhasnagar      | 83                                                |                                                   66 |
|        54 | Angul           | 95                                                |                                                   88 |
|        55 | Balasore        | 86                                                |                                                   78 |
|        56 | Bhubneshwar     | 103                                               |                                                   78 |
|        57 | Cuttack         | 104                                               |                                                   86 |
|        58 | Kalinga Nagar   | 113                                               |                                                  104 |
|        59 | Rourkela        | 112                                               |                                                   96 |
|        60 | Talcher         | 122                                               |                                                   98 |
|        61 | Dera Baba Nanak | 68                                                |                                                   66 |
|        62 | Khanna          | 113                                               |                                                  101 |
|        63 | Naya Nangal     | 98                                                |                                                   95 |
|        64 | Patiala         | 107                                               |                                                  102 |
|        65 | Jaipur          | 124                                               |                                                  112 |
|        66 | Jodhpur         | 167                                               |                                                  155 |
|        67 | Kota            | 102                                               |                                                  100 |
|        68 | Alwar           | 126                                               |                                                  110 |
|        69 | Udaipur         | 136                                               |                                                  109 |
|        70 | Madurai         | 66                                                |                                                   57 |
|        71 | Trichy          | 58                                                |                                                   40 |
|        72 | Patencheru      | 87                                                |                                                   77 |
|        73 | Sangareddy      | 87                                                |                                                   77 |
|        74 | Allahabad       | 219                                               |                                                  184 |
|        75 | Kanpur          | 200                                               |                                                  169 |
|        76 | Lucknow         | 216                                               |                                                  209 |
|        77 | Meerut          | 203                                               |                                                  200 |
|        78 | Varanasi        | 180                                               |                                                  168 |
|        79 | Anpara          | 169                                               |                                                  142 |
|        80 | Firozabad       | 213                                               |                                                  186 |
|        81 | Gajraula        | 217                                               |                                                  168 |
|        82 | Gorakpur        | 278                                               |                                                  168 |
|        83 | Jhansi          | 102                                               |                                                   99 |
|        84 | Khurja          | 226                                               |                                                  194 |
|        85 | Moradabad       | 243                                               |                                                  206 |
|        86 | Noida           | 213                                               |                                                  197 |
|        87 | Raebareli       | 161                                               |                                                   98 |
|        88 | Dehradun        | 166                                               |                                                  144 |
|        89 | Kashipur        | 130                                               |                                                  129 |
|        90 | Rishikesh       | 136                                               |                                                   77 |
|        91 | Asansol         | 124                                               |                                                  114 |
|        92 | Kolkata         | 101                                               |                                                   99 |
|        93 | Barrackpore     | 108                                               |                                                   75 |
|        94 | Durgapur        | 125                                               |                                                  103 |
|        95 | Howrah          | 144                                               |                                                  117 |
|        96 | Raniganj        | 177                                               |                                                  107 |

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