Lok Sabha Question No. 2568 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-10
Subject: Human Development Index
Ministry: PLANNING
Asked by: Amol Ramsing Kolhe, Sunil Dattatray Tatkare, Supriya Sadanand Sule, Subhash Ramrao Bhamre, Kuldeep Rai Sharma, DNV Senthilkumar. S.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PLANNING

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2568 TO BE ANSWERED ON 10.03.2021

## HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

2568:  DR. AMOL RAMSING KOLHE:

SHRI SUNIL DATTATRAY TATKARE:

SHRIMATI SUPRIYA SULE:

DR. SUBHASH RAMRAO BHAMRE:

SHRI KULDEEP RAI SHARMA:

DR. DNV SENTHILKUMAR S.:

Will the Minister of PLANNING be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  United  Nations  Development  Programme  (UNDP)  makes  any  ranking  of  various countries on the count of Human Development Index and if so,  the details of India's ranking in the UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI) for 2020;
- (b) the key features of the HDR, 2020 with respect to India and reaction of the Government thereto;
- (c) whether the Government has taken steps to improve the growth in terms of human  development in the country and if so, the details thereof and  the challenges faced by the Government in this regard; and
- (d) the measures taken/being taken by the Government to improve the human development status in the country?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF STATISTICS & PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION

(RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

- (a) Yes Sir, United Nations development Programme (UNDP) makes ranking of various countries on the count of Human Development Index (HDI). As per the UNDP's Human Development Report  2020,  India  is  ranked  131  out  of  189  countries  (Human  Development  Report  2020  is available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf). (The ranking of the countries is available at page no. 351 of the Human Development Report 2020)
- (b) Human Development Index (HDI) ranks countries by HDI Values. The HDI has three domains, namely, Health (Life expectancy at birth), Education (Expected years of schooling, Mean years of  schooling)  and  Finance  [Gross  National  Income  (GNI)  per  capita  (PPP  $)].  Each  of  these three  domains,  namely,  Health,  Education  and  Finance  has  equal  weightage  of  33%  in  HDI. Therefore,  overall  performance  of  HDI  depends  on  the  performance  of  each  of  these  three domains.  Overall score of India in the HDI has improved over the years, which is summarised below:

| Component                                      | 2010   | 2014   | 2015   | 2017   | 2018   | 2019   |
|------------------------------------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| HDI rank                                       | 134    | 130    | 131    | 130    | 129    | 131    |
| HDI score                                      | 0.579  | 0.616  | 0.624  | 0.640  | 0.642  | 0.645  |
| Life expectancy at birth (years)               | 65.4   | 68.0   | 68.3   | 68.8   | 69.4   | 69.7   |
| Expected years of schooling (years)            | 10.3   | 11.7   | 11.7   | 12.3   | 12.3   | 12.2   |
| Mean years of schooling (years)                | 4.4    | 5.4    | 6.3    | 6.4    | 6.5    | 6.5    |
| Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (PPP $) | 3,468  | 5,497  | 5,663  | 6,353  | 6,829  | 6,681  |

To monitor the performance of selected Global Indices to drive reforms and growth with special reference  to  Human  Development  Index,  Committee  of  Secretaries  headed  by  the  Cabinet Secretariat is monitoring and reviewing the measures taken by all the line Ministries namely, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry  of  Women  &  Child  Development  and  the  Ministry  of  Skill  Development  & Entrepreneurship.

- (c) & (d) To improve the growth in terms of human development in the country, Government has taken various steps.  Actions initiated by the line Ministries are as follows:

## Ministry of Education

## Department of School Education and Literacy

- i. Universalization of Pre-Primary Education by 2030
- ii. Improving enrolment in primary classes
- iii. Curtailing Dropout Rates and Ensuring Universal Access to Education at all Levels
- iv. Identifying gaps and bridging availability of teachers at school level
- v. Improving adult literacy
- vi. Increase internet access to schools and promote digital schools
- vii. The Samagra Shiksha Scheme has been aligned with the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 for further extension up to year 2025-26 and the reform agenda in the NEP and Samagra Shiksha has  been  discussed  extensively  with  the  States/UTs.  PGI  has  been  evolved  with  extensive discussion with the States/ UTs.

## Department of Higher Education

- i. Half of eligible population attending higher education by 2035
- ii. Curtailing  dropout  rates  in  higher  education  and  ensuring  equity  and  equal  access  to  Higher Education to all
- iii. Reforms in laws/ policies/ rules

## Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

- i. Amendment in Apprentices Act 1961 in 2014 and Apprenticeship Rules 1992 in 2015
- ii. Setting  up  of  Unified  Regulator  of  the  Skilling  ecosystem  National  Council  for  Vocational Education and Training (NCVET)
- iii. Launch of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY 1.0 and 2.0) and New PMKVY 3.0
- iv. Reforms in ITI eco-system
- v. Making Skill Aspirational

- vi. Rejuvenation and expansion of ITI eco-system through DAKSHATA (Deepening of Aptitude, Knowledge, Skill, Handiness & Ability of ITI Trainees)
- vii. PM Udyami Mitra for Excellence in Entrepreneurship Development (PM-UMEED)

## Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

To have long and healthy life, to improve Life expectancy at Birth a targeted interventions have been taken up through the following measures in the National Health Programmes:

- i. Reduce the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) the target is to bring it down from 113 per lakh in 2020-21 to 70 per lakh in 2030
- ii. Reduce Neonatal Mortality Rate from 23 per thousand in 2020-21 to 16 per thousand by 2025;
- iii. Reduce Under 5 Mortality Rate from 36 per thousand in 2020-21 to 23 per thousand by 2025;
- iv. Reduce Annual TB Incidence Rate from 199 per lakh in 2020-21 to 44 per lakh by 2025.

## Ministry of Finance

To improve Gross National Income per capita the following reform actions have been taken :

- i. Increase  in  investment:  Investment  in  National  Infrastructure  Pipeline-Outlay/  Spending  in  8 Core  Sectors  viz;  Energy,  Railways,  Roads,  Ports,  Airports,  Urban,  Digital  Communication, Social Infrastructure-Higher Education
- ii. Ease of Doing Business (EODB): Improvement in Business Environment and  Improvement in Ranking in State EODB Index
- iii. Land market: Computerization of Land records to improve the transparency and service delivery
- iv. Digital Services: Optical fiber connectivity to Gram Panchayats is being provided to improve income generation potential and bring a host of digital services to entire rural population.

Challenges identified along with proposed measures are as follows:

*****

|   Sl. No. | Key challenges                                                                   | Proposed measures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
|-----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|         1 | 100% access to Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)                         |  Introduction of 1 year of Balavatika in existing Primary schools under Samagra Shiksha                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
|         2 | High Drop out at Secondary Level at 18.1%                                        |  Opening of new/upgraded secondary Schools  Separate toilets for boys, girls and Children With Special Needs (CWSN)  Financial assistance for children of age group 16-19 belong to Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs) for enrolling in National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)  Residential Schools/Hostels  Transport/Escort Facilities  Vocational Education |
|         3 | Low transition rate among Girls, SC, ST & Minorities students at Secondary Level |  Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBVs)  Separate Girls Toilets  Rani Laxmibai Atma Raksha Prashikshan (Self defence training)  Installation of sanitary pad vending machine and incinerators, etc.  Life skill and adolescent education programmes for emotional, mental and physical well being of children.                                                                  |