Lok Sabha Question No. 271 (STARRED), answered on 2021-08-06
Subject: Research on Climate Change
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Saikia Dilip, Ramesh Chander Kaushik

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA

## STARRED QUESTION NO. 271

TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2021

## Research on Climate Change

- *271.   SHRI DILIP SAIKIA: SHRI RAMESH CHANDER KAUSHIK:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is providing financial support for research on climate change;
- (b) if so, the details of financial support provided by the Government during the period from 2015 to 2021, year-wise; and
- (c) the number of research papers funded as well as undertaken by the Government which were published during the last five years?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BHUPENDER YADAV)

- (a) to (c): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

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Statement  referred  to  in  reply  to  part  (a)  to  (c)  of  Lok  Sabha  Starred Question No. 271 due for the reply on 06.08.2021 by SHRI DILIP SAIKIA and  SHRI  RAMESH  CHANDER  KAUSHIK  regarding  Research  on Climate Change.

(a) and (b) The Government stands committed to addressing the global collective action problem of climate change through multilateralism and resolute domestic actions, including, improving  the  understanding  of  the  subject  through  various  research  endeavours.  The Government is fully aware that research and knowledge generation are critical aspects of the fight against climate change.

Climate change is a cross-cutting issue spanning various Ministries/ Departments and institutions under them. Research on climate change is mainly sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Ministry of Environment, Forest  and  Climate  Change,  Indian  Space  Research  Organisation  (ISRO),  Ministry  of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Sectoral aspects  of  climate  change  are  also  studied  by  different  Ministries/Departments  concerning sectors like agriculture, water resources, human health, power, renewable energy, transport, urban, etc. Further, a large number of Universities and government research institutions such as the Indian Institute of Technologies (IITs), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Central and State Universities and their departments also carry out climate change related research. Thus, any estimate of the funds provided for climate change research for a vast developing country like  India  can  only  be  indicative  and  not  exhaustive.  The  details  of  the  financial  support provided  by  the  Government  for  some  important  climate  change  research  endeavours  are in Annexure .

(c)    Indian Scientists are making tremendous efforts to understand various facets of climate change through research activities. As an illustrative example, during the last five years, over 1500 research papers related to climate change have been published under research sponsored by  the  Ministry  of  Science  and  Technology,  482  research  papers  under  research  in  the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), 270 research papers under MoES and 42 papers by the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE). Furthermore, India Meteorological Department (IMD) brings out publications on Climatological Normals, State Climatological Summaries, Disastrous Weather Events, Marine Climatological Summary Charts, and Climate Diagnostics Bulletin published monthly and season-wise.

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1. Department of Science and Technology The details of financial support provided by the Government during the period from 2015 to 2021 under National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem and National Mission for Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change are as under:
2. Ministry  of  Earth  Sciences  (MoES) has established  the  Centre  for  Climate  Change Research (CCCR) at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, in January 2009. The Centre is dedicated to carry out research on global and regional climate change with a particular focus on the Indian climate and the monsoons.

| Financial Year   |   Budget (Rs. in crores) |
|------------------|--------------------------|
| 2015-16          |                    15.89 |
| 2016-17          |                    43.46 |
| 2017-18          |                    49.77 |
| 2018-19          |                    33.51 |
| 2019-20          |                    40.76 |
| 2020-21          |                    28    |

|   Sr. No. | Year    |   Expenditure by CCCR (Rs. in crores) |
|-----------|---------|---------------------------------------|
|         1 | 2015-16 |                                  1.8  |
|         2 | 2016-17 |                                  1.74 |
|         3 | 2017-18 |                                  1.87 |
|         4 | 2018-19 |                                  1.95 |
|         5 | 2019-20 |                                  1.79 |
|         6 | 2020-21 |                                  0.49 |

To provide better services and improve its position, MoES has augmented its computational capacity by 6.8 Peta Flops installed at two MoES Institutes: 4.0 Peta Flops High Performance Computing (HPC) facility at IITM, Pune and 2.8 Peta Flops at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida at a cost of about Rs 440 crore. Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR) uses about 15% of the above computing resources.

To  upgrade  the  climate  services  required  for  the  country  i.e.,  Climate  Monitoring  and Analysis,  Climate  Prediction  (Seasonal  Forecasts),  Climate  Data  Management,  Climate Research  and  Climate  Applications,  various  programs  namely  Atmospheric  Observation Network, Upgradation of Forecast System, Weather & Climate Services and Commissioning of  Polarimetric  Doppler  Weather  Radars.  are  being  implemented  in  India  Meteorological Department (IMD) under the umbrella scheme 'Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS)' of the MoES. Year-wise cumulative expenditure for all 4 sub-schemes of IMD under ACROSS during the last six years is as follows:

## ( Rs. in crores )

| Name of Sub- scheme               |   Total expenditure during 2015- 16 |   Total expenditure during 2016- 17 |   Total expenditure during 2017-18 |   Total expenditure during 2018-19 |   Total expenditure during 2019- 20 |   Total expenditure during 2020- 2021 |
|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| ACROSS- IMD (AON, UFS, WCS &PDWR) |                              166.68 |                              144.08 |                             134.09 |                             175.94 |                              206.04 |                                150.33 |

## 3. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Details  of Financial Support provided by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change for research on climate change during the period from 2014-15 to 2019-20.

| Financial Year   | Name of the Institutions to whom fund released             | Funds Released (in Rupees)   |
|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|
| 2014-15          | The Energy &Research Institute, Delhi                      | ₹1,830,000                   |
| 2014-15          | Integrated Research & Action for Development, New Delhi    | ₹1,800,000                   |
| 2014-15          | Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi                    | ₹1,298,000                   |
| 2014-15          | National Law School of India University, Karnataka         | ₹2,713,736                   |
| 2015-16          | Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology-Pune, Maharashtra | ₹2,500,000                   |
| 2015-16          | Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi                    | ₹1,730,000                   |
| 2015-16          | Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe)     | ₹2,400,000                   |
| 2015-16          | The Energy and Resources Institute-[TERI], New Delhi       | ₹2,400,000                   |
| 2015-16          | National Law School of India University, Karnataka         | ₹ 606,744                    |
| 2015-16          | The Energy and Resources Institute-[TERI], New Delhi       | ₹6,201,563                   |
| 2015-16          | Tata Institute of Social Sciences-Mumbai, Maharashtra      | ₹ 373,878                    |
| 2015-16          | Centre for Environment Education, Gujarat                  | ₹ 626,800                    |
| 2015-16          | Suganthi Devadson Marine Research Institute, Tamil Nadu    | ₹4,000,000                   |
| 2015-16          | The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi              | ₹3,250,000                   |
| 2015-16          | Forest Survey Of India, Uttarakhand                        | ₹ 900,000                    |
| 2016-17          | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra         | ₹6,400,000                   |
| 2016-17          | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh       | ₹3,000,000                   |

| Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi                                | ₹3,000,000   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
| Indian Institute Of Science Education & Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh       | ₹5,000,000   |
| Indian Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu                             | ₹1,500,000   |
| National Physical Laboratory New Delhi                                         | ₹1,500,000   |
| CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Karnataka                                      | ₹1,500,000   |
| Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal                          | ₹1,500,000   |
| Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Chandigarh                 | ₹1,500,000   |
| Bose Institute Kolkata, West Bengal                                            | ₹1,500,000   |
| University of Kashmir                                                          | ₹1,500,000   |
| Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand                        | ₹1,500,000   |
| Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad                                      | ₹1,500,000   |
| North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Assam                            | ₹1,500,000   |
| Environment Planning & Coordination Organisation (EPCO), Madhya Pradesh        | ₹21,680,000  |
| Integrated Research and Action for Development [IRADe], New Delhi              | ₹ 1,800,000  |
| The Energy and Resources Institute-[TERI], New Delhi                           | ₹ 1,830,000  |
| Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra                             | ₹30,000,000  |
| Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh                           | ₹27,500,000  |
| Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi                                | ₹30,000,000  |
| Indian Institute Of Science Education & Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh       | ₹27,500,000  |
| Indian Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu                             | ₹ 5,000,000  |
| National Physical Laboratory New Delhi                                         | ₹ 5,000,000  |
| CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Karnataka                                      | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal                          | ₹ 5,000,000  |
| Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Chandigarh | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| Bose Institute Kolkata, West Bengal                                            | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| University of Kashmir                                                          | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand                        | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad                                      | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Assam                            | ₹ 2,500,000  |
| Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology-Pune,                                 | ₹ 2,500,000  |

|         | Maharashtra                                                                    |              |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
| 2017-18 | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra                             | ₹ 6,919,000  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh                           | ₹ 27,439,000 |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi                                | ₹ 21,379,000 |
|         | Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh       | ₹ 26,719,000 |
|         | Bose Institute Kolkata, West Bengal                                            | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | University of Kashmir                                                          | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand                        | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad                                      | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology-Pune, Maharashtra                     | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Assam                            | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu                             | ₹ 4,904,000  |
|         | National Physical Laboratory New Delhi                                         | ₹ 3,204,000  |
|         | Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Chandigarh | ₹ 964,000    |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra                             | ₹ 7,181,981  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh                           | ₹ 6,466,829  |
|         | Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Chandigarh | ₹ 1,823,880  |
|         | Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh       | ₹ 5,207,947  |
|         | Bose Institute Kolkata, West Bengal                                            | ₹ 1,823,880  |
|         | University of Kashmir                                                          | ₹ 1,823,880  |
|         | Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand                        | ₹ 1,823,880  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu                             | ₹ 6,229,519  |
|         | National Physical Laboratory New Delhi                                         | ₹ 3,796,267  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad                                      | ₹ 1,632,568  |
|         | Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology-Pune, Maharashtra                     | ₹ 632,568    |
|         | North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Assam                            | ₹ 1,632,568  |
|         | CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Karnataka                                      | ₹ 500,000    |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal                          | ₹ 800,000    |
|         | Suganthi Devadson Marine Research Institute, Tamil Nadu                        | ₹ 2,288,000  |
| 2018-19 | Suganthi Devadson Marine Research Institute,                                   | ₹ 268,689    |

|         | Tamil Nadu                                                               |              |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
|         | Environment Planning & Coordination Organisation, Madhya Pradesh         | ₹ 20,000,000 |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra                       | ₹ 28,500,000 |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh                     | ₹ 10,000,000 |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi                          | ₹ 19,000,000 |
|         | Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh | ₹ 3,500,000  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad                                | ₹ 640,000    |
|         | North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Assam                      | ₹ 1,500,000  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu                       | ₹ 7,000,000  |
|         | National Physical Laboratory New Delhi                                   | ₹ 5,000,000  |
|         | CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Karnataka                                | ₹ 2,000,000  |
|         | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal                    | ₹ 3,000,000  |
| 2019-20 | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra                       | ₹ 11,558,000 |
| 2019-20 | Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka                         | ₹ 5,000,000  |
| 2019-20 | Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka                         | ₹ 55,000,000 |

## 4. Indian Space Research Organisation

Financial support is being provided to National Information System for Climate and Environmental Studies (NICES) at National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO. NICES  is  providing  information  on  geophysical  variables,  relevant  to  climate  and environmental variables,  derived  from  space  and  ground  based  observations.  These include ocean, atmosphere, terrestrial and cryospheric products which are being made accessible through NICES/Bhuvan geoportal.

Financial support provided to NICES programmes:

| Financial Year   |   Expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs) |
|------------------|------------------------------|
| 2015-16          |                           81 |
| 2016-17          |                          465 |
| 2017-18          |                          327 |
| 2018-19          |                          683 |
| 2019-20          |                          375 |
| 2020-21          |                          107 |

## 5.  Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Financial assistance provided by the Government of India to States and other institutions under National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project during 2015 to 2021:

| Year                  |   2015-16 |   2016-17 |   2017-18 |   2018- 2019 |   2019- 2020 |   2020- 2021 |   Total |
|-----------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|--------------|--------------|--------------|---------|
| Budget (Rs. in Lakhs) |      6284 |      6889 |      3628 |         4161 |         4058 |         4983 |   30003 |

## 6. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Funds provided by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) from its budgetary support is as follows:

|   S. No. | Year    | Project                                                                                                                           |   Amount (Rs. in Lakhs) |
|----------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|
|        1 | 2019-20 | Estimation of Climate Change Impacts on Forests and Mangroves Ecosystem of Andamans                                               |                  350    |
|        2 | 2020-21 | Mapping of the Impacts of Climate Change (Extreme Weather Events) on Health-Water Nexus in Aspirational Districts Clusters (ADCs) |                  155.43 |

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