Lok Sabha Question No. 1325 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-07-27
Subject: Steps to check Migration of Rural People
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Ramesh Bidhuri

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1325

ANSWERED ON 27/07/2021

## STEPS TO CHECK MIGRATION OF RURAL PEOPLE

## 1325.   SHRI RAMESH BIDHURI:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the steps taken by the Government to stop migration of rural people to cities in search of better livelihood;
- (b) whether the Government has conducted any study/survey in this regard, if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the details of schemes/programmes other than MGNREGA introduced by Government to stop migration of rural people?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SADHVI NIRANJAN JYOTI)

(a) & (c): The Ministry addresses the issue of migration from rural areas to cities through a multi dimensional approach by creating avenues for employment and livelihood for rural people.  In this  regard,  the  Government  is  implementing  various  schemes/  programmes  to  bring  about overall  improvement  in  the  quality  of  life  of  the  people  in  rural  areas  through  employment generation,  strengthening  of  livelihood  opportunities,  promoting  self-employment,  skilling  of rural youths, provision of social assistance and other basic amenities. The details of the schemes/ programmes implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development are given below:-

- i. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS): The principal objective of the scheme is to provide for the enhancement of  livelihood security  of  the  households  by  providing  at  least  one  hundred  days  of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer  to  do  unskilled  manual  work.  It  stresses  on  creation  of  durable  and sustainable assets to make the beneficiaries self-dependent.
- ii. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): The  Ministry  is  implementing  DAY-NRLM  to  tackle  the  problem  of  unemployment, especially among women, in a mission mode with the objective of organizing the rural poor women into Self Help Groups (SHGs) and continuously nurturing and supporting them to take up economic activities till they attain appreciable increase in income over a period of time  to  improve  their  quality  of  life  and  come  out  of  abject  poverty.  Besides, Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP), the sub-scheme under DAYNRLM, has the objective  of  helping  Self  Help  Group  (SHG)  and  their  family  members  to set-up  small enterprises in the non-farm sector.
- iii. Deen  Dayal  Upadhyaya  Grameen  KaushalyaYojana  (DDU-GKY)  and  Rural  Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs ): The Ministry is implementing two Skill

development  initiatives  for  rural  poor  youth  under  National  Rural  Livelihood  Mission (NRLM) to improve the economic condition of the rural population, namely, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana (DDU-GKY), a placement linked skill development scheme for rural poor and Skill development through Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETI), which provides skilling, thereby enabling the trainee to take bank credit and  start  his/her  own  Micro-enterprise.  Some  of  such  trainees  may  also  seek  regular salaried jobs.

- iv. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G): PMAY-G aims to provide a pucca house  with  basic  amenities  to  all  rural  houseless  households  and  households  living  in kutcha and dilapidated houses in rural areas. The target under PMAY-G is to construct 2.95 crore houses.
- v. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): PMGSY was started in the year 2000 with  the  objective  to  provide  all-weather  road  connectivity  to  eligible  unconnected habitations. The mandate of the scheme was subsequently widened and new interventions viz.  PMGSY-II  and  PMGSY-III  were  added  for  upgradation  of  the  existing  rural  road network which connect habitations to the various facilities and services. The implementation  of  the  ongoing  PMGSY  has  helped  immensely  in  lifting  the  socioeconomic conditions of rural masses by providing them access to the various services and facilities, market place and employment opportunities in various forms.
- vi. Shyama  Prasad  Mukherjee  Rurban  Mission  (SPMRM): Shyama  Prasad  Mukherji Rurban Mission was launched on 21 st February 2016 with an attempt to make the selected rural  areas  in  the  form  of  the  cluster,  socially,  economically  and  physically  sustainable regions  by  providing  economic,  social  and  infrastructure  amenities,  thus  leading  to sustainable and balanced regional development in the country. 300 Rurban Clusters with thematic economic growth points are proposed to be developed across the country under this  innovative  Mission.  The  Mission  aims  for  holistic  development  of  the  clusters  and once  these  clusters  are  developed,  the  augmentation  of  economic  activities  and  basic amenities take place.
- vii. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP): It is a social welfare programme for the aged, widows, disabled and in the cases of death of the primary breadwinner belonging to Below  Poverty  Line  (BPL)  Households.  It  is  100%  centrally  funded  Central  Sponsored Schemes (CSS) implemented in the entire country including rural and remote areas.

All these measures encourage people in rural areas to earn their livelihood and raise their quality of life near their places of residence and hence, act as a deterrent to migration of rural population to cities.

- (b)    Ministry  of  Rural  Development  has  not  conducted  any  survey  in  this  regard.  As  per  the information received from National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), according to NSSO survey on 'Employment & Unemployment and Migration Particulars' conducted during 2007 - 08, the estimates of migration rate at all India level was 28.5%. The rural-tourban migration constituted 19.5 per cent of the total internal migrants. There is no specific data about migration post 2008 available in this Ministry.

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