Lok Sabha Question No. 1040 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Insured Area under PMFBY
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Manish Tewari

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1040

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 13 TH  DECEMBER, 2022

## INSURED AREA UNDER PMFBY

1040  SHRI MANISH TEWARI:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE क ृ षि एवं षकसान कल्याण मंत्री be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the insured area as a percentage of the sown area has declined between 2016-17 to 2021-22 under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and if so, the details thereof, year-wise and State-wise;
- (b)  the  number  of  claims  made  (against  the  number  of  total  insured  farmers)  and average  time  for  settlement  of  the  claims  under  the  Yojana  from  January  2019  to November 2022, year-wise;
- (c) whether the Government has considered providing insurance according to the size of  landholdings  under  this  yojana  to  farmers  and  costs  of  crop  damage  due  to heatwaves, if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (d) whether the Government has conducted/ commissioned any study/report to assess crop  damage  during  the  last  one  year  (November  2021  to  November  2022)  due  to climate  change/heatwaves/uneven  rainfall,  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  if  not,  the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE क ृ षि एवं षकसान कल्याण मंत्री (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) & (b) : Since inception of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) in 201617, coverage under the scheme has been around 30% of Gross Cropped Area (GCA) in the States/UTs who are implementing the scheme.  State-wise and year-wise details of area insured against the GCA since 2016-17 to 2021-22 under the scheme is given in Annexure-I .  Technology interventions such as API based land record integration have weeded  out  the  instances  of  over-insurance  in  terms  of  area  even  when  enrollment under the scheme has grown.

Government has taken several steps to create substantial awareness about the scheme amongst beneficiaries so that they can enroll themselves voluntarily under the scheme. The  Government  has  made  provisions  to  ensure  availability  of  adequate  funds  for awareness of PMFBY. The Government has made mandatory for insurance companies to  compulsorily  spend  atleast  0.5%  of  the  total  gross  premium  collected  by  them  for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities.

The Government has actively supported the awareness activities being carried out by the  States,  implementing  Insurance  Companies,  financial  institutions,  and  Common Service  Centres  (CSCs)  network  to  disseminate  key  features  of  PMFBY  amongst farmers  and  members  of  Panchayati  Raj  Institutions  (PRIs).      Further,  structured awareness campaign 'Crop Insurance Week/Fasal Bima Saptah' has been initiated since Kharif 2021 season onwards. Along with this, Fasal Bima Pathshalas are also being organized at village/GP level for knowledge  building of farmers on various aspects of  scheme implementation.    Government  had  also  organized  a  nationwide  Doorstep  Crop  Insurance Policy/receipt  Distribution  mega  drive  -  'Meri  Policy  Mere  Haath'  to  increase  the  coverage including acreacge under the scheme.

Details of farmer applications and farmer application got claims are given in AnnexureII .

The admissible claims under the PMFBY are generally paid by the concerned insurance companies within two months of completion of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs)/harvesting period and one month of notification for invoking the risks/perils of prevented sowing, mid-season adversity and post-harvest losses subject to receipt of total  share  of  premium  subsidy  from  concerned  Government  within  time.    However, settlement  of  few  claims  in  some  States  got  delayed  due  to  reasons  like  delayed transmission of yield data by States; late release of  State share in premium subsidy, yield related disputes between insurance companies and States, non-receipt of account details of some farmers for transfer of claims to the bank account of eligible farmers and National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) related issues, erroneous/incomplete entry of individual farmers data on National Crop Insurance Portal (NCIP), delay in remittance of farmers  share  of  premium/non-remittance  of  farmers  share  of  premium  to  concerned insurance company etc.

(c) : The scheme is mainly implemented on the Area Approach basis and is  available for all farmers including sharecroppers and tenant farmer.  Any farmer growing notified crops  in  notified  areas  irrespective  of  the  size  of  holding  can  insure  themselves  by paying maximum flat premium  of 1.5% of sum insured for Rabi and 2% for Kharif food and oilseed  crops  and  5%  for  commercial/horticultural  crops.      The  scheme  not  only safeguards  against  wide  spread  yield  loss  due  to  non-preventable  natural  risks  viz. flood, heatwaves,  drought,  dry  spells, cyclone,  pests/diseases,    storm,  typhoon, tempest,  hurricane,  tornado  etc.    but    also  against  farm  level  yield  losses  due  to localized risks  of hailstorm, landslide, inundation, cloud burst and natural fire and post harvest losses due to cyclone, cyclonic/unseasonal rain and hailstorm.

(d) :   Claims under PMFBY are worked out and paid on the basis of yield data based on Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) submitted by the concerned State Government to the concerned  insurance  company.          Crop  damage  survey  for  settlement  of  claims  at individual  farm  level  for  localised  calamities  and  post  harvest  loss  is  conducted  by  a Joint Committee constituted by the State Government comprising officials of concerned State Government and insurance company. No specific study on climate change/heatwaves/uneven  rainfall  has  been  conducted  under  the  PMFBY  between November 2021 to November 2022.

## Annexure-I

| Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications, and Area Insured against Gross Cropped Area (GCA) under PMFBY   |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                                                                                            | 2016-17                                                                                                    | 2016-17                                                                                                    | 2017-18                                                                                                    | 2017-18                                                                                                    | 2018-19                                                                                                    | 2018-19                                                                                                    | 2019-20                                                                                                    | 2019-20                                                                                                    | 2020-21                                                                                                    | 2020-21                                                                                                    | GCCA (In Lakh ha.) (2016-2017)                                                                             |
| State Name                                                                                                 | Farmer Applica- tions (In Lakhs)                                                                           | Area Insured (In Lakh ha.)                                                                                 | Farmer Applica- tions (In Lakhs)                                                                           | Area Insured (In Lakh ha.)                                                                                 | Farmer Applica- tions (In Lakhs)                                                                           | Area Insured (In Lakh ha.)                                                                                 | Farmer Applica- tions (In Lakhs)                                                                           | Area Insured (In Lakh ha.)                                                                                 | Farmer Applica- tions (In Lakhs)                                                                           | Area Insured (In Lakh h.)                                                                                  | GCCA (In Lakh ha.) (2016-2017)                                                                             |
| A & N Islands                                                                                              | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.4                                                                                                        |
| Andhra Pradesh                                                                                             | 17.76                                                                                                      | 15.60                                                                                                      | 18.32                                                                                                      | 21.06                                                                                                      | 24.46                                                                                                      | 20.13                                                                                                      | 27.88                                                                                                      | 20.06                                                                                                      | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | -                                                                                                          |
| Assam                                                                                                      | 0.60                                                                                                       | 0.42                                                                                                       | 0.55                                                                                                       | 0.41                                                                                                       | 0.76                                                                                                       | 0.49                                                                                                       | 10.06                                                                                                      | 5.70                                                                                                       | 16.60                                                                                                      | 10.77                                                                                                      | 40.9                                                                                                       |
| Bihar                                                                                                      | 27.14                                                                                                      | 24.84                                                                                                      | 23.03                                                                                                      | 21.25                                                                                                      | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | -                                                                                                          |
| Chhattisgarh                                                                                               | 15.49                                                                                                      | 24.14                                                                                                      | 14.74                                                                                                      | 22.17                                                                                                      | 15.74                                                                                                      | 22.75                                                                                                      | 40.19                                                                                                      | 24.35                                                                                                      | 51.60                                                                                                      | 24.53                                                                                                      | 56.7                                                                                                       |
| Goa                                                                                                        | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 1.5                                                                                                        |
| Gujarat                                                                                                    | 19.80                                                                                                      | 30.21                                                                                                      | 17.63                                                                                                      | 26.58                                                                                                      | 21.71                                                                                                      | 26.11                                                                                                      | 24.81                                                                                                      | 29.44                                                                                                      | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         |
| Haryana                                                                                                    | 13.36                                                                                                      | 20.85                                                                                                      | 13.42                                                                                                      | 19.07                                                                                                      | 15.10                                                                                                      | 20.56                                                                                                      | 17.11                                                                                                      | 22.50                                                                                                      | 16.51                                                                                                      | 18.87                                                                                                      | 64.5                                                                                                       |
| Himachal Pradesh                                                                                           | 3.80                                                                                                       | 1.29                                                                                                       | 3.82                                                                                                       | 1.11                                                                                                       | 2.70                                                                                                       | 0.90                                                                                                       | 2.84                                                                                                       | 0.94                                                                                                       | 2.41                                                                                                       | 31.53                                                                                                      | 9.6                                                                                                        |
| Jharkhand                                                                                                  | 8.79                                                                                                       | 3.72                                                                                                       | 11.96                                                                                                      | 2.90                                                                                                       | 12.95                                                                                                      | 6.33                                                                                                       | 10.92                                                                                                      | 6.45                                                                                                       | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | -                                                                                                          |
| Karnataka                                                                                                  | 29.46                                                                                                      | 24.78                                                                                                      | 19.35                                                                                                      | 17.44                                                                                                      | 19.80                                                                                                      | 22.34                                                                                                      | 18.07                                                                                                      | 19.50                                                                                                      | 16.07                                                                                                      | 16.12                                                                                                      | 117.8                                                                                                      |
| Kerala                                                                                                     | 0.77                                                                                                       | 0.53                                                                                                       | 0.56                                                                                                       | 0.48                                                                                                       | 0.57                                                                                                       | 0.43                                                                                                       | 0.58                                                                                                       | 0.37                                                                                                       | 0.76                                                                                                       | 0.44                                                                                                       | 25.8                                                                                                       |
| Madhya Pradesh                                                                                             | 74.61                                                                                                      | 120.93                                                                                                     | 70.08                                                                                                      | 117.94                                                                                                     | 74.45                                                                                                      | 132.20                                                                                                     | 82.38                                                                                                      | 117.17                                                                                                     | 84.39                                                                                                      | 129.74                                                                                                     | 242.1                                                                                                      |
| Maharashtra                                                                                                | 118.84                                                                                                     | 72.98                                                                                                      | 102.76                                                                                                     | 55.20                                                                                                      | 148.70                                                                                                     | 88.97                                                                                                      | 145.66                                                                                                     | 79.24                                                                                                      | 124.15                                                                                                     | 68.17                                                                                                      | 239.5                                                                                                      |
| Manipur                                                                                                    | 0.08                                                                                                       | 0.09                                                                                                       | 0.09                                                                                                       | 0.19                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.03                                                                                                       | 0.03                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 4.7                                                                                                        |
| Meghalaya                                                                                                  | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.03                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 3.1                                                                                                        |
| Odisha                                                                                                     | 18.20                                                                                                      | 13.19                                                                                                      | 18.95                                                                                                      | 13.54                                                                                                      | 21.06                                                                                                      | 14.95                                                                                                      | 48.79                                                                                                      | 18.72                                                                                                      | 97.54                                                                                                      | 11.89                                                                                                      | 48.8                                                                                                       |
| Puducherry                                                                                                 | 0.09                                                                                                       | 0.07                                                                                                       | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | 0.10                                                                                                       | 0.08                                                                                                       | 0.12                                                                                                       | 0.09                                                                                                       | 0.11                                                                                                       | 0.08                                                                                                       | 0.3                                                                                                        |
| Rajasthan                                                                                                  | 93.56                                                                                                      | 104.85                                                                                                     | 91.09                                                                                                      | 100.48                                                                                                     | 72.06                                                                                                      | 77.84                                                                                                      | 86.17                                                                                                      | 98.29                                                                                                      | 107.60                                                                                                     | 113.61                                                                                                     | 260.4                                                                                                      |
| Sikkim                                                                                                     | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.01                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 1.5                                                                                                        |
| Tamil Nadu                                                                                                 | 14.63                                                                                                      | 12.41                                                                                                      | 15.07                                                                                                      | 11.37                                                                                                      | 25.74                                                                                                      | 15.22                                                                                                      | 38.94                                                                                                      | 14.24                                                                                                      | 59.31                                                                                                      | 17.28                                                                                                      | 51.3                                                                                                       |
| Telangana                                                                                                  | 7.77                                                                                                       | 6.66                                                                                                       | 10.27                                                                                                      | 9.90                                                                                                       | 7.99                                                                                                       | 9.92                                                                                                       | 10.34                                                                                                      | 11.35                                                                                                      | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | -                                                                                                          |
| Tripura                                                                                                    | 0.12                                                                                                       | 0.03                                                                                                       | 0.12                                                                                                       | 0.03                                                                                                       | 0.02                                                                                                       | 0.00                                                                                                       | 0.36                                                                                                       | 0.06                                                                                                       | 2.57                                                                                                       | 0.38                                                                                                       | 4.9                                                                                                        |
| Uttar Pradesh                                                                                              | 72.89                                                                                                      | 65.11                                                                                                      | 54.21                                                                                                      | 46.14                                                                                                      | 61.43                                                                                                      | 51.49                                                                                                      | 46.98                                                                                                      | 36.77                                                                                                      | 41.90                                                                                                      | 31.54                                                                                                      | 269.5                                                                                                      |
| Uttarakhand                                                                                                | 2.62                                                                                                       | 1.32                                                                                                       | 2.22                                                                                                       | 1.18                                                                                                       | 1.93                                                                                                       | 1.09                                                                                                       | 2.13                                                                                                       | 1.14                                                                                                       | 1.71                                                                                                       | 20.46                                                                                                      | 10.8                                                                                                       |
| West Bengal                                                                                                | 41.33                                                                                                      | 19.96                                                                                                      | 40.38                                                                                                      | 16.72                                                                                                      | 53.19                                                                                                      | 19.18                                                                                                      | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | NI                                                                                                         | -                                                                                                          |

0 due to reasons of (i) low claims/low coverage (ii) claims not reported.    NI : Not Implemented.

## Annexure-II

| Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   | Details of State wise Farmer Applications who got claims from 2019-20 to 2021-22 Year under PMFBY   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                                                                                     | 2019-20                                                                                             | 2019-20                                                                                             | 2020-21                                                                                             | 2020-21                                                                                             | 2021-22 (Provisional)                                                                               | 2021-22 (Provisional)                                                                               |
| State Name                                                                                          | Farmer Applications (In Lakhs)                                                                      | Farmers who got claims (In Lakhs)                                                                   | Farmer Applications (In Lakhs)                                                                      | Farmers who got claims (In Lakhs)                                                                   | Farmer Applications (In Lakhs)                                                                      | Farmers who got claims (In Lakhs)                                                                   |
| A &NIslands                                                                                         | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     |
| Andhra Pradesh                                                                                      | 27.88                                                                                               | 12.71                                                                                               | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Assam                                                                                               | 10.06                                                                                               | 1.78                                                                                                | 16.60                                                                                               | 2.52                                                                                                | 10.87                                                                                               | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Chhattisgarh                                                                                        | 40.19                                                                                               | 15.06                                                                                               | 51.60                                                                                               | 18.03                                                                                               | 58.38                                                                                               | 26.51                                                                                               |
| Goa                                                                                                 | 0.01                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Gujarat                                                                                             | 24.81                                                                                               | 0.93                                                                                                | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     |
| Haryana                                                                                             | 17.11                                                                                               | 5.60                                                                                                | 16.51                                                                                               | 4.64                                                                                                | 14.55                                                                                               | 3.71                                                                                                |
| Himachal Pradesh                                                                                    | 2.84                                                                                                | 1.80                                                                                                | 2.41                                                                                                | 1.32                                                                                                | 2.34                                                                                                | 0.51                                                                                                |
| Jammu &Kashmir                                                                                      | Not Implemented 0.91                                                                                | Not Implemented 0.91                                                                                | Not Implemented 0.91                                                                                | Not Implemented 0.91                                                                                | Not Implemented 0.91                                                                                | 0.27                                                                                                |
| Jharkhand                                                                                           | 10.92                                                                                               | 0.00                                                                                                | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     |
| Karnataka                                                                                           | 18.07                                                                                               | 7.03                                                                                                | 16.07                                                                                               | 6.98                                                                                                | 19.34                                                                                               | 10.38                                                                                               |
| Kerala                                                                                              | 0.58                                                                                                | 0.48                                                                                                | 0.76                                                                                                | 0.58                                                                                                | 0.99                                                                                                | 0.31                                                                                                |
| Madhya Pradesh                                                                                      | 82.38                                                                                               | 31.44                                                                                               | 84.39                                                                                               | 51.08                                                                                               | 92.60                                                                                               | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Maharashtra                                                                                         | 145.66                                                                                              | 88.29                                                                                               | 124.15                                                                                              | 14.00                                                                                               | 98.97                                                                                               | 65.32                                                                                               |
| Manipur                                                                                             | 0.03                                                                                                | 0.03                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.03                                                                                                | 0.02                                                                                                |
| Meghalaya                                                                                           | 0.01                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Odisha                                                                                              | 48.79                                                                                               | 12.09                                                                                               | 97.54                                                                                               | 16.20                                                                                               | 80.73                                                                                               | 27.78                                                                                               |
| Puducherry                                                                                          | 0.12                                                                                                | 0.10                                                                                                | 0.11                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.36                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Rajasthan                                                                                           | 86.17                                                                                               | 26.02                                                                                               | 107.60                                                                                              | 25.17                                                                                               | 344.79                                                                                              | 77.56                                                                                               |
| Sikkim                                                                                              | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                | 0.02                                                                                                | 0.01                                                                                                |
| Tamil Nadu                                                                                          | 38.94                                                                                               | 18.55                                                                                               | 59.31                                                                                               | 39.82                                                                                               | 61.54                                                                                               | 15.33                                                                                               |
| Telangana                                                                                           | 10.34                                                                                               | 3.22                                                                                                | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     | Not Implemented                                                                                     |
| Tripura                                                                                             | 0.36                                                                                                | 0.08                                                                                                | 2.57                                                                                                | 0.30                                                                                                | 3.35                                                                                                | 0.00                                                                                                |
| Uttar Pradesh                                                                                       | 46.98                                                                                               | 9.34                                                                                                | 41.90                                                                                               | 6.40                                                                                                | 40.63                                                                                               | 10.28                                                                                               |
| Uttarakhand                                                                                         | 2.13                                                                                                | 0.97                                                                                                | 1.71                                                                                                | 1.05                                                                                                | 1.82                                                                                                | 0.94                                                                                                |
| GRAND TOTAL                                                                                         | 614.37                                                                                              | 235.52                                                                                              | 623.22                                                                                              | 188.09                                                                                              | 832.23                                                                                              | 238.92                                                                                              |

0 is due to (i) applications coverage below 1000 (ii) low claims (ii) claims not reported

*****