Lok Sabha Question No. 176 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-18
Subject: National Clean Air Programme
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Vishnu Dayal Ram, Ganesan Selvam, Dhanush M Kumar, Manjulata Mandal, Gautham Sigamani Pon, C.N. Annadurai, Gajanan Chandrakant Kirtikar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 176

TO BE ANSWERED ON 18.07.2022

## National Clean Air Programme

## 176. SHRI VISHNU DAYAL RAM:

SHRI SELVAM G:

SHRI DHANUSH M. KUMAR:

SHRIMATI MANJULATA MANDAL:

DR. PON GAUTHAM SIGAMANI:

SHRI C.N. ANNADURAI:

SHRI GAJANAN KIRTIKAR:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has failed to improve the air quality in the country even after  implementing number of projects, if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor;
- (b) the purpose and scope of National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) along with the number  of  cities  in  which  the  said  programme  is  being  implemented  to  reduce pollution level along with achievement made since its inception;
- (c) whether there have been demands to include more cities under the programme and if so, the details thereof along with the action taken thereon;
- (d) whether the  Government has monitored and assessed the performance of NCAP and if so, the outcome of the assessment;
- (e) whether  the  Government  has  achieved  the  objective  for  which  NCAP  was launched and if so, the details thereof and if not, the corrective steps taken in this regard;
- (f) Whether  any  international  organisation  has  also  been  associated  with  the  said programme and if so, the details thereof; and
- (g) whether any steering Committee has also been constituted for proper running of NCAP and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE

(SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

## (a) to (g)

National  Clean  Air  Programme  (NCAP)  was  launched  by  the  Ministry  of Environment Forest &Climate Change (MoEF&CC) in January 2019 as a longterm, time-bound, national level strategy making determined efforts to deal with the  air  pollution  problem  across  the  country  in  a  comprehensive  manner.  The objective of the NCAP is comprehensive mitigation actions for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.Measures taken by the government for air quality management are at Annexure I.

Under NCAP, it has been envisaged to achieve targets of 20 to 30 % reduction in Particulate  Matter  concentration  by  2024  across  the  country.  The  NCAP  is implemented in 132 citiesin the country.

There has been an overall improvement in Particulate Matter10 (PM10) concentration in 95 citiesincluding 20 cities conforming to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard in the year 2021-22as compared to 2017.Details are provided at Annexure II.

NCAP  covers  Non-Attainment  Cities  (NACSs)  wherein  National  Ambient  Air Quality  Standard  (NAAQS) is exceeded  for  5  consecutive  years.  Under  NCAP, 124 cities identified as NACs and 8 other million plus cities ofFifteenth Finance Commission- Million Plus Cities Challenge Fund are covered.

Under  NCAP,  the  international  organizations  have  been  engaged  to  provide technical assistance. The details of cities in which international organisations are engaged for technical assistance under NCAPare provided at Annexure III.

Under NCAP, Apex Committee, Steering Committee, Monitoring Committee and Implementation  Committee  at  Central  level  have  been  constituted  for  effective implementation of NCAP. Also Steering Committee and Implementation Committee at State level, and Implementation and Monitoring Committee at City level have been constituted for monitoring of action plans.

## Measures taken by the Government for Air Quality Management

## Vehicular Emission

-  Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards since 1st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi and from 1st April, 2020 for the rest of the country.
-  Introduction  of  BS  VI  compliant  vehicles  across  the  country  since  April, 2020.
-  Development  of  Expressways  and  Highways  to  reduce  fuel  consumption and pollution.
-  Eastern  Peripheral  Expressway  &  Western  Peripheral  Expressway  have been operationalized to divert non destined traffic from Delhi.
-  Environment  Protection  Charges  (EPC)  have  been  imposed  on  diesel vehicles with engine capacity of 2000cc and above in Delhi NCR.
-  Introduction of cleaner/alternate fuels like CNG, LPG, ethanol blending in petrol.
-  Promotion of public transport and improvements in roads and building of more bridges to ease congestion on roads.
-  Network of metro rails for public transport are enhanced and more cities are covered.
-  Ban on 10-year-old diesel vehicles and 15-year-old vehicles in Delhi NCR.
-  Faster  Adoption  and  Manufacturing  of  Electric  Vehicles  (FAME)  -2 schemes has been rolled out.
-  Permit requirement for electric vehicles has been exempted.
-  Promotion of public transport and improvements in roads and building of more bridges to ease congestion on roads.

## Industrial Emission

-  Ban on use of pet coke and furnace oil in NCR, use of pet coke in processes in cement plants, lime kilns and calcium carbide manufacturing units.
-  Stringent emission norms for Coal based Thermal Power Plants (TPPs).
-  Shifting of industrial units to PNG/cleaner fuel  in Delhi
-  Installation  of  online  continuous  emission  monitoring  devices  in  highly polluting industries.
-  Shifting of brick kilns in Delhi-NCR to zigzag technology for reduction of pollution

## Air Pollution due to Dust and Burning of Waste

-  Notifications  of  6  waste  management  rules  covering  solid  waste,  plastic waste, e-waste, bio-medical waste, C&D waste and hazardous waste.
-  Setting up infrastructure such as waste processing plants.
-  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for plastic and e-waste management.
-  Ban on burning of biomass/garbage.

## Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality

-  Expansion  of air quality monitoring network  of  manual  as well as continuous  monitoring  stations  under  programmes  such  as  National  Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP).
-  Initiation of pilot projects to assess alternate ambient monitoring technologies such as low-cost sensors and satellite-based monitoring.

## Monitoring the Implementation of NCAP

-  Government  has  launched  NCAP  as  a  national  level  as  a  national-level strategy outlining the actions for reducing the levels of air pollution at city and regional scales in India. City specific air action plans have been rolled out for implementation in 132 NACs and MPCs
-  Rs.  472.06  crore  have  been  sanctioned  to  82  non-attainment  cities  under NCAP to provide support for critical gap funding. The funds are disbursed based  upon  the  performance  of  the  cities  as  per  the  NCAP  operational guidelines.
-  Further, 15th Finance Commission (XV-FC) has provided a special grant of Rs 4,400 crore to 42 million plus cities/urban agglomerations which covers 50 Non-Attainment Cities for FY 2020-21.
-  The performance based incentive grant of Rs.12,139 crore for FY 2020-21 to 2025-26 have been allocated for improvement in air quality of 42 million plus cities/urban agglomerations under Million-Plus Cities Challenge Fund (MPCCF).  MoEF&CC  is  the  nodal  agency  for  monitoring  ambient  air quality  and  recommending DoE for disbursing grants to 42 Million -plus cities.
-  For FY 2021-22 for 42 MPCs, Rs2025 Cr have been released by DoE to 42 cities/UAs on the basis of their performance assessment made by MoEF&CC.
-  City specific action plans are regularly monitored by committees at Central: Apex, Steering, Monitoring and implementation committee; at State:Steering,implementation committee and at City level Implementation and Monitoring Committee.
-  Implementation  of  Air  Quality  Early  Warning  System  for  Delhi,  Kanpur and Lucknow. The system provides alerts for taking timely actions.
-  Public  Complaints  regarding  air  pollution  issues  in  Delhi  NCR  are  taken through 'Sameer App', 'Emails' (Aircomplaints.cpcb@gov.in) and 'Social Media Networks' (Facebook and Twitter).
-  PRANA  a  portal  for  monitoring  implementation  of  NCAP  has  been launched.

## Annexure II

| States           |   Sl. No. | Cities            | Annual Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), CY; Manual data; 132 cities (2017)   |   Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), FY; Integrated data; 132 cities (2021-2022) |
|------------------|-----------|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Andhra Pradesh   |         1 | Anantpur          | 78                                                                                 |                                                                                   52 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         2 | Chittur           | 69                                                                                 |                                                                                   49 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         3 | Eluru             | 74                                                                                 |                                                                                   65 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         4 | Guntur            | 69                                                                                 |                                                                                   58 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         5 | Kadapa            | 74                                                                                 |                                                                                   54 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         6 | Kurnool           | 82                                                                                 |                                                                                   61 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         7 | Nellore           | 65                                                                                 |                                                                                   55 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         8 | Ongole            | 65                                                                                 |                                                                                   52 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |         9 | Rajamahendravaram | 65                                                                                 |                                                                                   68 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |        10 | Srikakulam        | 70                                                                                 |                                                                                   75 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |        11 | Vijayawada        | 99                                                                                 |                                                                                   67 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |        12 | Visakhapatnam     | 73                                                                                 |                                                                                   98 |
| Andhra Pradesh   |        13 | Vizhianagaram     | 72                                                                                 |                                                                                   71 |
| Assam            |        14 | Guwahati          | 106                                                                                |                                                                                  103 |
| Assam            |        15 | Nagaon            | 75                                                                                 |                                                                                  104 |
| Assam            |        16 | Nalbari           | 95                                                                                 |                                                                                   99 |
| Assam            |        17 | Silchar           | 49                                                                                 |                                                                                   45 |
| Assam            |        18 | Sivasagar         | 81                                                                                 |                                                                                   47 |
| Bihar            |        19 | Gaya              | 77                                                                                 |                                                                                   98 |
| Bihar            |        20 | Muzafarpur        | 167                                                                                |                                                                                  153 |
| Bihar            |        21 | Patna             | 156                                                                                |                                                                                  145 |
| Chandigarh       |        22 | Chandigarh        | 109                                                                                |                                                                                   97 |
| Chattisgarh      |        23 | Durg Bhilainagar  | 97                                                                                 |                                                                                   58 |
| Chattisgarh      |        24 | Korba             | 58                                                                                 |                                                                                   61 |
| Chattisgarh      |        25 | Raipur            | 103                                                                                |                                                                                   61 |
| Delhi            |        26 | Delhi             | 241                                                                                |                                                                                  196 |
| Gujarat          |        27 | Ahmedabad         | 120                                                                                |                                                                                  113 |
| Gujarat          |        28 | Rajkot            | 106                                                                                |                                                                                  116 |
| Gujarat          |        29 | Surat             | 106                                                                                |                                                                                  100 |
| Gujarat          |        30 | Vadodara          | 108                                                                                |                                                                                  121 |
| Haryana          |        31 | Faridabad         | -                                                                                  |                                                                                  209 |
| Himachal Pradesh |        32 | Baddi             | 173                                                                                |                                                                                  132 |

| States           |   Sl. No. | Cities               | Annual Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), CY; Manual data; 132 cities (2017)   |   Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), FY; Integrated data; 132 cities (2021-2022) |
|------------------|-----------|----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Himachal Pradesh |        33 | Damtal               | 62                                                                                 |                                                                                   64 |
| Himachal Pradesh |        34 | Kala Amb             | 119                                                                                |                                                                                  114 |
| Himachal Pradesh |        35 | Nalagarh             | 147                                                                                |                                                                                   84 |
| Himachal Pradesh |        36 | Paonta Sahib         | 84                                                                                 |                                                                                   90 |
| Himachal Pradesh |        37 | Parwanoo             | 65                                                                                 |                                                                                   35 |
| Himachal Pradesh |        38 | Sunder Nagar         | 73                                                                                 |                                                                                   47 |
| Jammu&Kashmir    |        39 | Jammu                | 149                                                                                |                                                                                  170 |
| Jammu&Kashmir    |        40 | Srinagar             | -                                                                                  |                                                                                  105 |
| Jharkhand        |        41 | Dhanbad              | 238                                                                                |                                                                                  235 |
| Jharkhand        |        42 | Jamshedpur           | 131                                                                                |                                                                                  110 |
| Jharkhand        |        43 | Ranchi               | 142                                                                                |                                                                                  110 |
| Karnataka        |        44 | Bengaluru            | 92                                                                                 |                                                                                   67 |
| Karnataka        |        45 | Devanagere           | 87                                                                                 |                                                                                   57 |
| Karnataka        |        46 | Gulburga / Kalaburgi | 54                                                                                 |                                                                                   84 |
| Karnataka        |        47 | Hubli-Dharwad        | 79                                                                                 |                                                                                   69 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        48 | Bhopal               | 93                                                                                 |                                                                                  116 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        49 | Dewas                | 75                                                                                 |                                                                                   81 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        50 | Gwalior              | 110                                                                                |                                                                                  109 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        51 | Indore               | 80                                                                                 |                                                                                  103 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        52 | Jabalpur             | 74                                                                                 |                                                                                  115 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        53 | Sagar                | 69                                                                                 |                                                                                   78 |
| Madhya Pradesh   |        54 | Ujjain               | 75                                                                                 |                                                                                  114 |
| Maharashtra      |        55 | Akola                | 127                                                                                |                                                                                   64 |
| Maharashtra      |        56 | Amravati             | 106                                                                                |                                                                                   66 |
| Maharashtra      |        57 | Aurangabad           | 83                                                                                 |                                                                                   85 |
| Maharashtra      |        58 | Badlapur             | 159                                                                                |                                                                                   94 |
| Maharashtra      |        59 | Chandrapur           | 146                                                                                |                                                                                  105 |
| Maharashtra      |        60 | Jalgaon              | 77                                                                                 |                                                                                   59 |
| Maharashtra      |        61 | Jalna                | 101                                                                                |                                                                                   93 |
| Maharashtra      |        62 | Kolhapur             | 90                                                                                 |                                                                                   81 |
| Maharashtra      |        63 | Latur                | 81                                                                                 |                                                                                   57 |
| Maharashtra      |        64 | Mumbai               | 151                                                                                |                                                                                  106 |

| States      |   Sl. No. | Cities          | Annual Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), CY; Manual data; 132 cities (2017)   |   Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), FY; Integrated data; 132 cities (2021-2022) |
|-------------|-----------|-----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Maharashtra |        65 | Nagpur          | 102                                                                                |                                                                                   68 |
| Maharashtra |        66 | Nashik          | 81                                                                                 |                                                                                   59 |
| Maharashtra |        67 | Navi Mumbai     | 105                                                                                |                                                                                   97 |
| Maharashtra |        68 | Pune            | 102                                                                                |                                                                                   85 |
| Maharashtra |        69 | Sangli          | 76                                                                                 |                                                                                   60 |
| Maharashtra |        70 | Solapur         | 64                                                                                 |                                                                                   60 |
| Maharashtra |        71 | Thane           | 125                                                                                |                                                                                  130 |
| Maharashtra |        72 | Ulhasnagar      | 149                                                                                |                                                                                   77 |
| Maharashtra |        73 | Vasai Virar     | -                                                                                  |                                                                                  171 |
| Meghalaya   |        74 | Byrnihat        | 174                                                                                |                                                                                  181 |
| Nagaland    |        75 | Dimapur         | 138                                                                                |                                                                                   84 |
| Nagaland    |        76 | Kohima          | 114                                                                                |                                                                                   69 |
| Odisha      |        77 | Angul           | 94                                                                                 |                                                                                   97 |
| Odisha      |        78 | Balasore        | 83                                                                                 |                                                                                   74 |
| Odisha      |        79 | Bhubneshwar     | 91                                                                                 |                                                                                   95 |
| Odisha      |        80 | Cuttack         | 86                                                                                 |                                                                                   90 |
| Odisha      |        81 | Kalinga Nagar   | 126                                                                                |                                                                                  114 |
| Odisha      |        82 | Rourkela        | 117                                                                                |                                                                                  106 |
| Odisha      |        83 | Talcher         | 96                                                                                 |                                                                                   81 |
| Punjab      |        84 | Amritsar        | 168                                                                                |                                                                                  118 |
| Punjab      |        85 | Dera Baba Nanak | 90                                                                                 |                                                                                   71 |
| Punjab      |        86 | DeraBassi       | 93                                                                                 |                                                                                   98 |
| Punjab      |        87 | Jalandhar       | 223                                                                                |                                                                                  129 |
| Punjab      |        88 | Khanna          | 139                                                                                |                                                                                  106 |
| Punjab      |        89 | Ludhiana        | 162                                                                                |                                                                                  149 |
| Punjab      |        90 | MandiGobindgarh | 136                                                                                |                                                                                  123 |
| Punjab      |        91 | NayaNangal      | 90                                                                                 |                                                                                   70 |
| Punjab      |        92 | Patiala         | 101                                                                                |                                                                                  109 |
| Rajasthan   |        93 | Alwar           | 134                                                                                |                                                                                  111 |
| Rajasthan   |        94 | Jaipur          | 177                                                                                |                                                                                  125 |
| Rajasthan   |        95 | Jodhpur         | 180                                                                                |                                                                                  161 |
| Rajasthan   |        96 | Kota            | 130                                                                                |                                                                                  112 |
| Rajasthan   |        97 | Udaipur         | 126                                                                                |                                                                                  123 |
| Tamil Nadu  |        98 | Chennai         | 62                                                                                 |                                                                                   57 |

| States        |   Sl. No. | Cities      |   Annual Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), CY; Manual data; 132 cities (2017) |   Average concentration of PM10 (µg/m3), FY; Integrated data; 132 cities (2021-2022) |
|---------------|-----------|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Tamil Nadu    |        99 | Madurai     |                                                                                 67 |                                                                                   53 |
| Tamil Nadu    |       100 | Trichy      |                                                                                 86 |                                                                                   45 |
| Tamil Nadu    |       101 | Tuticorin   |                                                                                132 |                                                                                   91 |
| Telangana     |       102 | Hyderabad   |                                                                                108 |                                                                                   88 |
| Telangana     |       103 | Nalgonda    |                                                                                 60 |                                                                                   70 |
| Telangana     |       104 | Patencheru  |                                                                                 78 |                                                                                   76 |
| Telangana     |       105 | Sangareddy  |                                                                                 79 |                                                                                   83 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       106 | Agra        |                                                                                185 |                                                                                  146 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       107 | Allahabad   |                                                                                140 |                                                                                  119 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       108 | Anpara      |                                                                                153 |                                                                                  154 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       109 | Bareily     |                                                                                195 |                                                                                  175 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       110 | Firozabad   |                                                                                221 |                                                                                  137 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       111 | Gajraula    |                                                                                206 |                                                                                  155 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       112 | Ghaziabad   |                                                                                280 |                                                                                  217 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       113 | Gorakpur    |                                                                                186 |                                                                                  122 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       114 | Jhansi      |                                                                                113 |                                                                                  112 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       115 | Kanpur      |                                                                                224 |                                                                                  170 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       116 | Khurja      |                                                                                208 |                                                                                  173 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       117 | Lucknow     |                                                                                246 |                                                                                  148 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       118 | Meerut      |                                                                                153 |                                                                                  186 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       119 | Moradabad   |                                                                                217 |                                                                                  154 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       120 | Noida       |                                                                                216 |                                                                                  203 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       121 | Raebareli   |                                                                                141 |                                                                                  112 |
| Uttar Pradesh |       122 | Varanasi    |                                                                                244 |                                                                                  114 |
| Uttarakhand   |       123 | Dehradun    |                                                                                248 |                                                                                  146 |
| Uttarakhand   |       124 | Kashipur    |                                                                                111 |                                                                                  119 |
| Uttarakhand   |       125 | Rishikesh   |                                                                                128 |                                                                                  117 |
| West Bengal   |       126 | Asansol     |                                                                                163 |                                                                                  113 |
| West Bengal   |       127 | Barrackpore |                                                                                 90 |                                                                                   85 |
| West Bengal   |       128 | Durgapur    |                                                                                154 |                                                                                  168 |
| West Bengal   |       129 | Haldia      |                                                                                 97 |                                                                                   94 |
| West Bengal   |       130 | Howrah      |                                                                                110 |                                                                                  125 |
| West Bengal   |       131 | Kolkata     |                                                                                119 |                                                                                  105 |
| West Bengal   |       132 | Raniganj    |                                                                                163 |                                                                                  132 |

## Annexure III

## The details of cities in which international organisations are engaged for technical assistance under NCAP

|   S. No. | State/UT       | Cities                                                               |
|----------|----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
|        1 | Maharashtra    | Mumbai, Pune Nasik, Nagpur, Navi Mumbai, Thane, Ulhasnagar, Badlapur |
|        2 | Bihar          | Patna, Gaya, Muzzafarpur                                             |
|        3 | Gujarat        | Surat                                                                |
|        4 | Punjab         | Amritsar                                                             |
|        5 | Uttar Pradesh  | Agra, Lucknow, Kanpur                                                |
|        6 | Madhya Pradesh | Indore                                                               |
|        7 | Delhi &NCR     | Delhi, Gurugram                                                      |
|        8 | Karnataka      | Bangalore                                                            |