Lok Sabha Question No. 4228 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-03-27
Subject: Students went Abroad for Higher Studies
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Sumalatha Ambareesh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO - 4228

ANSWERED ON 27/03/2023

## Students went Abroad for Higher Studies

## 4228   SHRIMATI SUMALATHA AMBAREESH:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

- (a) Whether the Government has maintained any data on the number of Indian students who went  abroad  for  higher  studies  during  the  last  three  years,  if  so,  the  details  thereof, country-wise;
- (b) Whether the Government has taken note that the number of students who went abroad stayed there after completing their higher studies, if so, the details thereof;
- (c) Whether  the  Government  has  considered  the  outflow  of  bright  students  to  foreign countries  for  higher  studies  and  their  subsequent  migration  will  lead  to  a  'brain  drain' scenario in future, if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) The policy initiatives taken or proposed to be taken by the Government to prevent brain drain?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (DR. SUBHAS SARKAR)

(a) and (b): Bureau of Immigration (BoI), Ministry of Home Affairs maintains the departure and arrival data of Indians. The number of Indians, who disclosed their purpose of visit as Study/Education  while going abroad during the last three years, country-wise, is at ANNEXURE-I.

(c) and (d): National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 lays a lot of emphasis on improving the quality of education in the country and promoting India as a global study destination. In line with the NEP recommendations, several initiatives have been taken up in this regard including multidisciplinarity, flexibility of curriculum, multiple entry exit, establishment of Academic Bank of Credit, thrust on developing research and innovative ecosystems in Higher Education Institutions etc. NEP 2020 envisions that the top universities in the world will be facilitated to operate in India. For this, a legislative framework facilitating such entry will be put in place, and such universities will be given special dispensation regarding regulatory, governance, and content norms on par with other autonomous institutions of India.

University  Grants  Commission  has  prepared  draft  enabling  regulations  to  facilitate  the establishment  of  campuses  of  Foreign  Higher  Institutions  (FHEIs)  in  India.  UGC  has  also notified  regulations  permitting  academic  collaboration  between  Indian  and  FHEIs  to  offer Twinning, Joint Degree and Dual Degree Programmes.

As  announced  by  Hon'ble  Finance  Minister  in  the  Budget  Proposal  2022-23,  world-class foreign universities and institutions have been permitted in the GIFT City, Gujarat (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City).

*****

## ANNEXURE-I

ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (a)  TO  (b)  OF  LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO.  4228  FOR  ANSWER  ON  27.03.2023  ASKED  BY SHRIMATI SUMALATHA AMBAREESH REGARDING 'STUDENTS WENT ABROAD FOR HIGHER STUDIES'

## DESTINATION-WISE (COUNTRY) STATISTICSOF INDIAN NATIONALS WHO DISCLOSED THEIR

| Country              |   2020 |   2021 | 2022   |
|----------------------|--------|--------|--------|
| Afghanistan          |     10 |     10 | 27     |
| Aland Islands        |      0 |      2 | 3      |
| Albania              |      2 |    335 | 57     |
| Algeria              |      0 |      2 | 2      |
| American Samoa       |      1 |      0 | 1      |
| Andorra              |      8 |     12 | 119    |
| Angola               |      1 |      1 | 9      |
| Anguilla             |      1 |      2 | 1      |
| Antarctica           |      1 |      1 |        |
| Antigua and Barbados |     28 |      8 | 75     |
| Argentina            |      7 |     28 | 39     |
| Armenia              |    534 |   2796 | 1952   |
| Aruba                |      7 |      7 | 9      |
| Australia            |  33629 |   8950 | 59044  |
| Austria              |    192 |    353 | 466    |
| Azerbaijan           |     37 |     35 | 265    |
| Bahamas              |      8 |     19 | 19     |
| Bahrain              |     46 |     38 | 122    |
| Bangladesh           |   5479 |  10493 | 17006  |
| Barbados             |     40 |     24 | 64     |
| Belarus              |    524 |    641 | 695    |
| Belgium              |    355 |    605 | 514    |
| Belize               |     19 |     19 | 29     |
| Benin                |      0 |      7 | 1      |
| Bermuda              |      0 |      2 | 2      |
| Bhutan               |      6 |      0 | 9      |
| Bolivia              |      0 |      0 |        |
| Bosnia               |      6 |      7 | 145    |
| Botswana             |      6 |      2 | 7      |
| Bouvet Island        |      0 |      0 |        |
| Brazil               |     24 |     24 | 83     |

| British Indian Ocean Territory       |     2 |      1 |        |
|--------------------------------------|-------|--------|--------|
| Brunei                               |     8 |      1 | 26     |
| Bulgaria                             |    53 |    133 | 139    |
| Burkina Faso                         |     0 |      0 | 4      |
| Burundi                              |     0 |      0 |        |
| Cambodia                             |    54 |     42 | 116    |
| Cameroon                             |     8 |     28 | 144    |
| Canada                               | 43624 | 102688 | 185955 |
| Cape Verde Islands                   |     4 |     10 | 18     |
| Cayman Islands                       |     0 |      3 | 3      |
| Central African Republic             |     0 |      0 |        |
| Chad                                 |     0 |      1 | 6      |
| Chile                                |     6 |     10 | 52     |
| China                                |   398 |      0 | 1967   |
| Christmas Islands                    |     0 |      0 | 3      |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands              |     0 |      0 | 1      |
| Cog (Congo)                          |     2 |      2 | 5      |
| Colombia                             |     0 |      4 | 20     |
| Comoros                              |     0 |      0 |        |
| Congo (Democratic Republic of )      |     0 |      0 | 2      |
| Costa Rica                           |     3 |     14 | 9      |
| Cuba                                 |     1 |      0 |        |
| Cyprus                               |  1511 |    162 | 726    |
| Czech                                |   314 |    512 | 673    |
| Denmark                              |   253 |    341 | 488    |
| Djibouti                             |     4 |      0 | 1      |
| Dominica                             |     0 |      0 | 1      |
| Dominican Republic                   |     2 |      0 | 1      |
| East Timor (Democratic Republic of ) |     4 |      2 | 17     |
| Ecuador                              |     2 |      0 | 7      |
| Egypt                                |   188 |    519 | 424    |
| El Salvador                          |     0 |      0 | 2      |
| Eritrea                              |     0 |      5 | 4      |
| Estonia                              |    50 |     94 | 54     |
| Ethiopia                             |     4 |     38 | 14     |
| Falkland Islands (Malvines)          |     0 |      3 | 11     |
| Faroe Islands                        |     1 |      0 |        |
| Fiji                                 |     6 |      3 | 2      |
| Finland                              |    80 |    133 | 234    |
| France                               |  4333 |   5293 | 6406   |
| France Metropolitan                  |     1 |      2 | 2      |
| French Guiana                        |     0 |      0 | 1      |
| French Polynesia                     |     0 |      0 | 2      |
| Gabon                                |     6 |      3 | 16     |
| Gambia                               |     0 |      2 | 4      |

| Georgia                    | 1724   | 2599   | 5269   |
|----------------------------|--------|--------|--------|
| Germany                    | 9865   | 16259  | 20684  |
| Ghana                      | 4      | 14     | 18     |
| Gibraltar                  | 4      | 4      | 7      |
| Greece                     | 87     | 62     | 207    |
| Greenland                  | 0      | 1      |        |
| Grenada                    | 7      | 16     | 17     |
| Guadeloupe                 | 2      | 0      | 1      |
| Guatemala                  | 0      | 0      | 2      |
| Guinea                     | 8      | 3      | 10     |
| Guinea Bissau              | 0      | 0      | 1      |
| Guyana                     | 10     | 104    | 145    |
| Haiti                      | 5      | 3      | 25     |
| Heard and Mcdonald islands | 1      | 0      | 4      |
| Honduras                   | 2      | 0      | 3      |
| Hong Kong                  | 563    | 198    | 708    |
| Hungary                    | 243    | 304    | 389    |
| Iceland                    | 16     | 23     | 47     |
| Indonesia                  | 77     | 11     | 170    |
| Iran                       | 186    | 600    | 1063   |
| Iraq                       | 17     | 65     | 79     |
| Ireland                    | 3272   | 4869   | 6211   |
| Isle of man                |        |        | 5      |
| Israel                     | 460    | 639    | 1061   |
| Italy                      | 3211   | 3008   | 3507   |
| Ivory Cost                 | 1      | 2      | 2      |
| Jamaica                    | 55     | 112    | 109    |
| Japan                      | 552    | 193    | 1423   |
| Jersey                     | 0      | 0      | 9      |
| Jordan                     | 2      | 11     | 37     |
| Kazakhstan                 | 937    | 5625   | 8895   |
| Kenya                      | 40     | 155    | 250    |
| Kiribati                   | 0      | 2      | 5      |
| Korea(DPR)                 | 9      | 7      | 29     |
| Korea (Republic of )       | 526    | 631    | 1005   |
| Kuwait                     | 33     | 24     | 124    |
| Kyrghyzstan                | 865    | 15162  | 14728  |
| Laos                       | 2      | 3      | 5      |
| Latvia                     | 539    | 537    | 750    |
| Lebanon                    | 2      | 4      | 6      |
| Lesotho                    | 0      | 1      |        |
| Liberia                    | 2      | 3      | 1      |
| Libya                      | 0      | 1      |        |
| Liechtenstein              | 1      | 1      | 1      |
| Lithuania                  | 227    | 355    | 324    |

| Luxembourg                       |   21 |   53 | 46   |
|----------------------------------|------|------|------|
| Macau                            |    4 |    3 | 17   |
| Macedonia                        |    0 |    0 | 1    |
| Madagascar                       |    0 |    0 | 1    |
| Malawi                           |    4 |    7 | 27   |
| Malaysia                         | 1121 |  567 | 2453 |
| Maldives                         |   59 |  384 | 174  |
| Mali                             |    1 |    1 | 3    |
| Malta                            |  250 |  222 | 599  |
| Marshall Islands                 |    0 |    0 |      |
| Martinique                       |    0 |    0 | 1    |
| Mauritania                       |    9 |   11 | 27   |
| Mauritius                        |  956 |  827 | 1503 |
| Mayotte                          |    0 |    1 |      |
| Mexico                           |   13 | 1068 | 49   |
| Micronesia (Federated States of) |    1 |    0 |      |
| Moldova                          |  155 |  318 | 974  |
| Monaco                           |    0 |    1 | 5    |
| Mongolia                         |    1 |    1 | 4    |
| Montenegro                       |    3 |    6 | 4    |
| Morocco                          |    2 |    3 | 5    |
| Mozambique                       |    1 |    0 | 16   |
| Myanmar                          |   13 |    6 | 22   |
| Namibia                          |    7 |   10 | 100  |
| Nauru                            |    1 |    1 | 18   |
| Nepal                            |  221 |  379 | 444  |
| Netherlands                      | 1335 | 2006 | 1901 |
| Netherlands Antilles             |   18 |   20 | 15   |
| Neutral zone                     |    1 |    2 |      |
| New Caledonia                    |   19 |    0 | 11   |
| New Zealand                      | 5321 |   64 | 1605 |
| Nicaragua                        |    2 |    0 |      |
| Niger                            |    1 |    1 | 1    |
| Nigeria                          |    8 |   15 | 25   |
| Niue Island                      |    0 |    0 |      |
| Norfolk Island                   |    1 |    1 | 3    |
| Northern Mariana island          |    0 |    0 | 2    |
| Norway                           |  125 |  188 | 195  |
| Oman                             |   97 |   92 | 151  |
| Pakistan                         |  505 |   66 | 396  |
| Palau                            |    0 |    0 |      |
| Palestinian                      |    0 |    0 |      |
| Panama                           |    9 |   36 | 61   |
| Papua New Guinea                 |    3 |    0 | 4    |
| Paraguay                         |    2 |    2 | 6    |

| Peru                                     |    3 |     1 | 7     |
|------------------------------------------|------|-------|-------|
| Philippines                              | 4601 |   251 | 11261 |
| Pitcairn                                 |    2 |     0 | 3     |
| Poland                                   |  616 |  1046 | 1443  |
| Portugal                                 |   79 |   155 | 163   |
| Puerto Rico                              |    1 |     0 | 3     |
| Qatar                                    |  100 |   325 | 275   |
| Republic of china Taiwan                 |  302 |   336 | 465   |
| Republic of Croatia                      |   14 |    36 | 77    |
| Republic Slovenia                        |    6 |    12 | 53    |
| Resident of Kosovo (UNMIK)               |    0 |     1 |       |
| Reunion Islands                          |    5 |     2 | 7     |
| Romania                                  |   24 |    52 | 78    |
| Russian Federation                       | 1387 | 15814 | 19784 |
| Rwanda                                   |    4 |     4 | 4     |
| Saint Christopher and Nevis              |   10 |     6 | 42    |
| Saint Helena                             |    4 |     0 |       |
| Saint Lucia                              |   39 |    39 | 46    |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon                |    1 |     0 |       |
| Saint Vincent and The Grenadines         |    8 |     9 | 7     |
| Samoa                                    |    0 |     0 |       |
| San Marino                               |    0 |     2 | 9     |
| Sao Tome and Princip                     |    0 |     0 | 1     |
| Audi Arabia                              |  136 |   135 | 774   |
| Senegal                                  |    2 |     4 | 7     |
| Serbia                                   |   12 |   330 | 132   |
| Serbia and Montenegro                    |    0 |     0 |       |
| Seychelles                               |    7 |     4 | 18    |
| Sierra Leone                             |    2 |     1 | 19    |
| Singapore                                | 4860 |  2664 | 17085 |
| Slovak Republic                          |   48 |    85 | 93    |
| Solomon Islands                          |    0 |     0 | 1     |
| Somalia                                  |    1 |     0 |       |
| South Africa                             |  348 |   396 | 621   |
| South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands |    0 |     0 |       |
| South Sudan                              |    0 |     0 | 1     |
| Spain                                    |  840 |  1253 | 1384  |
| Sri lanka                                |  107 |    64 | 179   |
| Sudan                                    |    4 |     6 | 5     |
| Suriname                                 |    0 |     1 |       |
| Svalbard and janmayen Islands            |    0 |     0 |       |
| Swaziland                                |   75 |    81 | 153   |
| Sweden                                   |  664 |   806 | 639   |
| Switzerland                              |  566 |   754 | 870   |
| Syria                                    |    1 |     1 | 2     |

| Tanzania                            |     58 |    107 | 217    |
|-------------------------------------|--------|--------|--------|
| Tajikistan                          |   1248 |   1100 | 1112   |
| Thailand                            |    303 |     85 | 655    |
| Togo                                |      2 |      5 | 7      |
| Tokelau                             |      0 |      0 |        |
| Tonga                               |      0 |      0 |        |
| Trinidad and Tobago                 |      0 |      1 | 4      |
| Tunisia                             |      4 |      5 | 9      |
| Turkey                              |     65 |    212 | 300    |
| Turkmenistan                        |      1 |      1 |        |
| Turks and Caicos IS                 |      0 |      1 |        |
| Tuvalu                              |      0 |      0 | 2      |
| Uganda                              |    206 |    301 | 546    |
| Ukraine                             |   6723 |  18596 | 2199   |
| United Arab Emirates                |   2925 |   3427 | 5892   |
| United Kingdom                      |  44901 |  77855 | 132709 |
| United Stats Minor Outlying Islands |     11 |     21 |        |
| United States of America            |  62415 | 125115 | 190512 |
| Uruguay                             |     10 |     23 | 49     |
| Uzbekistan                          |    102 |    503 | 3430   |
| Vanuatu                             |      6 |     13 | 57     |
| Vatican City - Holy See             |      0 |      0 |        |
| Venezuela                           |      1 |      1 | 3      |
| Vietnam                             |     29 |      5 | 155    |
| Virgin Islands (British)            |      0 |      0 | 1      |
| Virgin Islands (US)                 |      0 |      0 |        |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands           |      0 |      1 | 5      |
| Yemen                               |      3 |      3 | 24     |
| Zambia                              |     23 |     46 | 133    |
| Zimbabwe                            |      0 |      2 | 3      |
| Total                               | 259655 | 444553 | 750365 |