Lok Sabha Question No. 5628 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-04-06
Subject: Laboratories on Innovative Technologies
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Sisir Kumar Adhikari

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

## DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 5628

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.04.2022)

## LABORATORIES ON INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

## 5628. SHRI SISIR KUMAR ADHIKARI:

## Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  consults  with  the  state  Governments  to introduce  the  innovative  technologies  of  the  laboratories  in  different State programmes;
- (b)   if  so,  the  number  of  laboratories  with  CSIR  therefor  and  the  recent developments therein; and
- (c)   the  details  of  the  induction  of  innovations  on  the  projects  of  road, drainage system, medical, solar, e-wastes and other technologies in the Central and State Government programmes therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY & EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a)&(b)  Yes,  Sir.  Council  of  Scientific  and  Industrial  Research  (CSIR)  has been entering into knowledge partnership with State/UT Governments to  promote  science  and  technology-led  development  of  the  State/UT through  deployment  of  identified  technologies/  knowhow  as  per  the State/UT  requirement.    The  list  of  CSIR  constituent  laboratories  is placed at Annexure-I.
- (c) CSIR  through  its  R&D  efforts  is  contributing  to  the  various  Central Government initiatives/programmes. Some of the recent CSIR Initiatives for Central Government Programmes and CSIR S&T interventions that have been identified in consultation with the State Governments/Union Territories  for  S&T  led  development  of  State/UTs  are  placed  at Annexure-II and Annexure-III respectively.

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## Annexure-I

|   S.No. | CSIR Lab                                                                                              |
|---------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|       1 | CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal                         |
|       2 | CSIR-Central Building Research Institute (CSIR-CBRI), Roorkee                                         |
|       3 | CSIR-Centre for Cellular Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad                                     |
|       4 | CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow                                             |
|       5 | CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi                               |
|       6 | CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani                          |
|       7 | CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore                               |
|       8 | CSIR-Central Glass Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata                                   |
|       9 | CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR-CIMFR) Dhanbad                               |
|      10 | CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow                             |
|      11 | CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai                                          |
|      12 | CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CMERI), Durgapur                         |
|      13 | CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi                                           |
|      14 | CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh                              |
|      15 | CSIR-Central Salt Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar                        |
|      16 | CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi                                 |
|      17 | CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur                              |
|      18 | CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata                                        |
|      19 | CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad                                   |
|      20 | CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu                                      |
|      21 | CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun                                               |
|      22 | CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow                                     |
|      23 | CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR-IMMT), Bhubaneswar                          |
|      24 | CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh                                      |
|      25 | CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL), Bengaluru                                            |
|      26 | CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow                                       |
|      27 | CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune                                                    |
|      28 | CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur                       |
|      29 | CSIR-North - East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat                            |
|      30 | CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad                                   |
|      31 | CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram |

|   32. | CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Goa                                        |
|-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|    33 | CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR- NIScPR), New Delhi |
|    34 | CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML), Jamshedpur                                  |
|    35 | CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi                                        |
|    36 | CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR-SERC), Chennai                               |

*****

## Some of the recent CSIR Initiatives for Central Government Initiatives/ Programmes

CSIR  through  its  R&D  efforts  is  contributing  to  the  various  Central  Government initiatives/programmes.  Some  significant  technologies  developed/  S&T  interventions under these initiatives are as given below:

## Road related initiatives :

-  CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR-CIMFR), Dhanbad has been working with  Border  Road  Organization  (BRO) and providing  scientific  and technical  inputs  for  construction  of  different  strategic  border  roads  in  Arunachal, Uttarakhand,  Ladakh  and  other  states.  The  inputs  provided  by  CSIR-CIMFR enhanced the progress in construction by 30-40% at different strategic roads. BRO has acknowledged the effectiveness of CSIR-CIMFRs control blasting technique and other measures for safe and efficient rock excavation. Further, BRO has signed an agreement with CSIR-CIMFR for 'Advice on Controlled Blast Design for Excavation of Rock at BRO Road Construction Sites'; and
-  CSIR-Central  Institute  of  Mining  and  Fuel  Research  (CSIR-CIMFR),  Dhanbad provided very vital technical support to National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) for construction of the Chenani-Nashari tunnel in Jammu and Kashmir. CSIR-CIMFR was  associated  in  this  project  throughout  the  construction  period  for  continuous evaluation and design of tunnel and monitoring of the tunnel construction quality;
-  CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi has developed a cold  mix  technology  which  is  environment  friendly  and  consumes  low  energy involving use of cationic bitumen emulsions. For rural roads, it would prove not only cost-effective but also enable achievement of larger lengths due to availability of longer  working  season  particularly  in  north-east  region  and  hilly  states.  The developed Cold Mix Technology has been commercialized by an industry partner. Several States have successfully utilized this technology in both Central & State rural roads schemes; and
-  CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi  plays an unique role in the preparation of national standards and specifications, code of practices issued by Indian Roads Congress, Bureau of Indian Standards, Ministry of Roads Transport & Highways and National Rural Road Development Agency (Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India) in all road transportation related areas especially on materials, geometric and pavement design of roads, road construction maintenance management, traffic engineering, safety and socio-economic analysis.

## Drainage system related initiatives :

-  CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute  (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur has designed and developed in-situ nallah treatment technology known as RENEU - Restoration of Nallah with Ecological Units. RENEU refers to 'treatment of sewage in the running flow without displacing/disturbing the shape/structure of Nallah;  and  by  employing  physical  and  biological  operations  in  the  aerobic  and facultative  environment  to  degrade  sewage. Physical operation includes silt-trap, screening and sedimentation and biological operations include aeration, microbial

and phytoremediation. The RENEU technology has been installed at many drains in the country in different states; and

-  CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute  (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur has designed and developed Phytorid Wastewater Treatment Technology which is a self-sustainable technology for wastewater treatment that works on the principle of natural wetland for the treatment of municipal, urban, agricultural and industrial  wastewater  .  It  uses  certain  specific  plants  which  can  absorb  nutrients directly from wastewater but do not require soil. These plants act as nutrient sinker and remover. Using Phytorid Technology for the treatment of sewage, it is possible to  recover  and  reuse  the  treated  water  for  gardening  purposes.  The  Phytorid Wastewater Treatment Technology has been installed at many places in the country in different states.

## Medical/ Health related initiatives:

-  CSIR-Indian  Institute  of  Petroleum  (CSIR-IIP)  has  developed  Medical  Oxygen Concentrator plants based on Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption (PVSA) technology  and is  setting  up  120  of  them  under  PM  CARES  along  with  Defence Research  and  Development  Organization  (DRDO).  CSIR-IIP's  first  field-deployed medical  oxygen  (MO2)  plant  was  successfully  commissioned  at  Aundh  Chest Hospital,  Pune.  The  developed  technology  can  be  useful  for  providing  oxygen  to patients particularly those afflicted by COVID- 19;
-  CSIR had designed and developed UV-C disinfection technology for inactivation of virus that can be installed in air ducts in malls, movie theatres and auditoriums etc. The technology meant for mitigation of airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 was installed in the Central Hall, Lok Sabha Chamber and Committee Rooms 62 and 63 of the Parliament;
-  Whole  Genome  Sequencing  of  1000  Indians  for  Healthcare  and  Biomedical Applications completed by CSIR in 6 months' time;
-  A  product  for  management  of  sepsis  has  been  developed  due  to  gram  negative bacterial infections;
-  CSIR has set up 11 makeshift hospitals at different places in India with a total bed capacity of about 350;
-  CSIR  was  one  of  the  earliest  institutions  in  India  that  set-up  COVID-19  testing facilities as early as in March 2020. Today, thirteen CSIR laboratories have carried out over 15,00,000 tests.
-  CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi has developed a technology for FELUDA (FNCAS9 Editor-Linked Uniform Detection Assay) which is a Novel, Rapid, Simple, Affordable and Innovative COVID-19 Diagnostic. It can be used for detecting single nucleotide variants in RNA or DNA or more broadly detecting any DNA or RNA fragment, without the need for sequencing. The technology has been licensed to TATA Sons is now being manufactured and marketed as TataMD CHECK;
-  CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur has developed a technology for Dry Swab RNA Extraction Free RTPCR Method. CSIR-NEERI  has  successfully  utilised  this  method  and  tested  more  than  50,000

samples. Many industries have licensed this method and have developed kits that will enable large scale testing, which is the need of the day;

-  On the COVID-19 surveillance front, CSIR laboratories have undertaken sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 to find the type of strains present in India and to understand if the virus undergoes genetic changes while it is spreading in the country. As a part of INSACOG they have played a critical role in genomic surveillance and more than 50,000 sequences have been determined.
-  CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad has developed a technology for Process to develop imidazoquinoline molecule in larger quantities as part of the adjuvant component used in Covaxin vaccine. Covaxin is a vaccine with no sub-zero storage, no reconstitution requirement, and ready to use liquid presentation in multi-dose vials, stable at 2-8 degree;
-  CSIR-National  Aerospace  Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL),  Bengaluru  has  developed  a technology  for  Coverall.  It  can  be  used  to  ensure  safety  of  doctors,  nurses, paramedical staff and healthcare Workers. The technology has been transferred to M/s MAFL, Bengaluru;
-  CSIR has also come out with comprehensive ventilation guidelines for offices and buildings to decrease air borne transmission of virus;
-  CSIR  also  developed  a  cost-effective  process  of  Favipiravir  and  transferred  the technology  to  Cipla,  which  is  being  sold  in  the  market  as  Ciplenza.  CSIR  has undertaken many clinical trials for repurposing of drug for treatment of COVID-19;
-  The Aarogyapath and Kisan Sabha apps developed by CSIR in a short span of time ensures a national healthcare supply chain and connects farmers to the supply chain and freight transportation management system respectively; and
-  Affordable  dental  implants  for  edentulous  situations  have  been  developed  and licensed to an industry for commercialization.

## Solar power related initiatives :

-  CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CMERI), Durgapur has developed a Solar Energy based Cooking System (Solar Chulha). The institute has developed three types of solar energy based cooking systems (Solar Chulha), namely (i) Solar PV energy based electric cooking system; (ii) Hybrid solar PV and Biogas cooking system; and (iii) Solar assisted improved biomass cooking system. Technology of solar PV energy based electric cooking system has been transferred to two industries on non-exclusive basis for production and commercialization; and
-  To address the energy needs of remote areas, particularly off grid locations in the country, CSIR-National Aerospace  Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL),  Bengaluru  has developed and successfully demonstrated Wind Solar Hybrids (WiSH) systems in the range of 1 - 20 kW class. It shall pave the way for electrification by harvesting renewable energy at discrete and multiple locations in a Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) mode.

## e-waste related initiatives:

CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur has developed a process for ecological recovery of cobalt and other valuable metals from the black powder and other constituents of lithium-ion batteries. Further, laboratory has also developed a process flow  sheet  to  recover  precious  metals  and  Co  &  Au  from  e-waste.  The  processes developed have been transferred to industries for extraction of cobalt metal/ salt from black powder of lithium batteries and recovery of precious metals from e-waste.

## Other significant initiatives :

-  Under CSIR's Aroma Mission Phase-I, about 6000-hectare additional area has been brought under cultivation of economically important aromatic crops. 25 new superior varieties  of  various  aromatic  crops  and  34  agro  technologies  have  also  been developed. 231 distillation units have been installed in various clusters developed across the country enabling the distillation of 500 tons quality essential oils which helped to reduce the import of these oils. This has helped aroma industry in India especially during the long pandemic time duration. So far in Phase II of CSIR Aroma Mission, about 9500-hectare land has been brought under the cultivation of aroma crops.  Three  new  superior  varieties  have  been  developed  along  with  09  regionspecific  agro  technology's.   The  most  significant  achievement  under  CSIR  Aroma Mission  is  the  'Purple  Revolution'  in  Jammu  and  Kashmir  through  CSIR  S&T intervention  of introduction  and  promotion of  Lavender  cultivation,  processing  and marketing of its essential oil in Jammu & Kashmir;
-  CSIR initiated  a  'Floriculture  Mission'  in  2020-21  which  is  expected  to  utilize  the knowledgebase available in CSIR institutes and leverage it in an effort to help Indian Floriculture farmers and industry reposition itself to meet the import requirements in the domain by developing and deploying improved varieties. The Mission is being implemented in collaboration with Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), Tribal  Cooperative  Marketing  Development  Federation  of  India  (TRIFED),  Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Academic Institutions;
-  CSIR  has  launched  an  ambitious  mission  of  "High-Resolution  Aquifer  Mapping  & Management in Arid Regions of North-Western India which is being implemented in association  with  the  Ministry  of  Jal  Shakti.    CSIR-National  Geophysical  Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad would carry out Multi-moment Heliborne geophysical (TEM and magnetic) surveys in arid and semi-arid regions with an area of ~1 lakh sq. km in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab & Haryana States;
-  CSIR has been working with the Ministry of Jal Shakti under Jal Jeevan Mission to demonstrate  and  deploy  innovative,  cost-effective  and  smart  technologies  for measuring  and  monitoring  water  service  delivery  for  safe  and  sustainable  water resource  management  at  pilot  location  across  the  country.    Four  locations  Bairia Block,  Balia  District,  Uttar  Pradesh;  Bandikui  block,  Dausa  District,  Rajasthan; Narkhed Block, Nagpur District, Maharashtra and Choutuppal, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri District, Telangana have been identified for the purpose;
-  CSIR-Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee has played an important national role in participating in various societal mission programmes of the country such  as  'Navodya  Vidyalaya  schools",  "Indira  Awas  Yojana",  Setting  up  Building

centres  with  HUDCO,  "Sarva  Shiksha  Abhiyan",  etc.  to  improve  public  welfare  by enhancing quality and safety of buildings;

-  CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur has  contributed immensely  for  reorientation of environmental  policy  towards prevention of pollution and developed technologies for substitution of non-renewable resource  base  with  renewable  resources,  recycle  and  reuse  of  industrial  and domestic wastewater & conducted environmental impact and risk assessment studies and environmental audit of industrial and mining projects across the country;
-  CSIR -National Physical laboratory (CSIR -NPL), New Delhi has been engaged in the production of Indian Certified Reference Material (CRMs) Trademarked as BHARATIYA  NIRDESHAK  DRAVYA,  (BND®)  by  signing  a  MoU  with  NABL accredited reference material producers for the speedy production of CRMs to meet the  national  demand.  CRMs  are  widely  used  for  the  calibration  of  measuring apparatus,  for  the  evaluation  of  measurement  procedures  and  for  the  internal  or external quality control of measurements and laboratories. CSIR -NPL has initiated CRM production under 'Make in India' initiative for 'cost -effective' production. The availability  of  SI  traceable  BNDs®  is  poised  to  boost  the  'Aatmnirbhar  Bharat' initiative and harmonize the quality infrastructure in the country and equip the quality regulatory bodies of almost all the ministries;
-  CSIR  is  promoting  sea  weed  farming  in  association  with  National  Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad to get the assured income for the fisherman. M/s. Aquagri  private  limited  is  the  private  partner  offering  buyback  of  the  biomass produced by the beneficiaries from cultivation. The program has been developed with M/s. Pidilite industries where capacity building and hands on training will be imparted to the fishermen of coastal areas;
-  CSIR has devised an innovative solution to curb the high pollution caused by burning of conventional firecrackers during Diwali and other festive occasions. CSIR launched green  firecrackers  in  various  variants  (flowerpots,  pencils,  chakkar  and  sparklers) which are eco-friendly and decrease pollution at least by 30%. Over 250 MoUs and 325  non-disclosure  agreements  (NDAs)  signed  with  fireworks  manufactures  and nearly 600 emissions testing certificates issued to fireworks manufactures;
-  CSIR-National  Aerospace  Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL),  Bengaluru  has  developed indigenous  transmissometer  'Drishti'  which  is  a  visibility  measuring  system  that provides information to pilots on visibility  for  safe landing  and  take-off operations. CSIR-NAL and the India Meteorological Department (IMD) are jointly producing the Drishti system, so as to enable the deployment of 70 such systems at Indian airports. Further,  CSIR-NAL  and  Tata  Power  have  signed  the  MoU  for  the  supply  of  54 numbers of Drishti Systems which are installed in Indian Air Force Airfields under Modernisation of Air Field Infrastructure (MAFI) project of Tata Power SED with Indian Air Force;
-  An energy efficient domestic cooking burner has been designed and developed for Piped  Natural  Gas  (PNG)  by  CSIR-Indian  Institute  of  Petroleum  (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun. The improved energy efficiency of the developed PNG burner may lead to significant  reductions  in  energy  consumption  in  the  household  sector  and  enable delivery of energy to household for cooking via lower PNG supply per household for the same energy duty;
-  CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow has signed an MoU with Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to achieve Horticulture works at Amrut Biodiversity  Park,108  Hectares  area.  CSIR-NBRI  will  be  replicating  journey  of independent India through its Horticulture scheme;
-  CSIR-National  Aerospace  Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL),  Bengaluru  has  developed Indigenous AWMS (Aviation Weather Monitoring System) technology. The developed system can be used for weather monitoring. Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) - operator of Kempegowda International Airport (Bengaluru Airport) - became the  first  airport  in  India  to  install  the  indigenous  AWMS  (at  both  ends  of  the  new runway);
-  CSIR-Central  Scientific  Instruments  Organisation  (CSIR-CSIO),  Chandigarh  has developed technologies for Light Combat Aircraft Fly-By-Wire Control Systems Head Up Display and Associated Test Equipment. The developed Head-up display give pilot access to critical flight information to safely fly aircraft by overlaying flight information on forward view to provide simultaneous view of flight symbology & forward view. The technology  has  been  licenced  to  Bharat  Electronics  Limited  for  production  and manufacturing;
-  CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani  has developed a technology for Prevention of adulteration in milk- a real-time remote milk supply chain monitoring network (PRADUMN) which can be used by agencies (food inspectors) to monitor the supply chain of interest from a single point. The technology has  been  transferred  to  M/s  Rajasthan  Electronics  &  Instrument  Limited  (REIL), Jaipur;
-  In  view  of  the  high  local  emissions  from  conventional  crematoria,  CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur has developed an air pollution mitigation system for Green Crematoria.  The project was funded by Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC). The developed system has been installed at VIP Pyre 3,4,5,6 of Nigam Bodh Ghat, New Delhi.  The system comprises of Fume collection and handling, Processing/cleaning, Utilities and Waste Handling systems. Innovative and efficient design of scrubbing system results in reduced emission of smoke,  oil/grease  GHG  and  particulates  with  ease  of  recycle  and  disposal  of scrubbed liquid and solids. This technology aids in achieving the commitment under Swachh Bharat Mission.
-  CSIR-Central  Scientific  Instruments  Organisation  (CSIR-CSIO),  Chandigarh  has developed a technology for Earthquake Warning System. The developed EqWS may be utilized to safeguard vital installations such as Refineries, Nuclear establishments, Power Plants, Metro & High-Speed Railway, Airports, Hospitals etc. The technology is deployed and operational at Delhi Metro;
-  Technical  support  for  design  &  construction  of  houses  under  the Pradhan  Mantri Awaas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G) in Odisha. Design and building plans suitable for various geo-climatic zones;
-  Indigenous pilot plant scale reactor has been developed with a capacity of producing 24lit/day  of  Dimethyl  ether (DME)  along  with  stable  catalysts  for  conversion  of methanol to DME and optimized process for catalytic conversion of Methenol to DME;
-  CSIR-Central Salt Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar has developed novel seaweed-based animal feed additives formulations to enhance the productivity of animals, improving the quality of animal products, and boosting immunity;
-  India's first indigenous Flying Trainer HANSA-NG designed and developed by CSIRNational  Aerospace  Laboratories,  Bangalore  has  successfully  completed  the  sea level trials at Puducherry. The aircraft was flown to Puducherry covering 140 nautical miles in one and half hours at a cruising speed of 155 km/hr. The objectives of sea level trials were to evaluate handling qualities, climb / cruise performance, balked landing, structural performance including positive & negative G, power plant and other systems performance;
-  CSIR has collaborated with IIT, Delhi and Vijanana Bharati for contributing in Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) which is a flagship national program of the Ministry of Human Resource  Development  (MHRD)  envisioning  transformational  change  in  rural development  processes  by  leveraging  knowledge  institutions  to  help  build  the architecture of an Inclusive India. CSIR will organize webinars on CSIR technologies at regular intervals and  would  carry out live demonstration/dissemination  of technologies to promote participative-cum-partnership collaboration;
-  CSIR has launched the program on 'Skill India Initiative' which aims to equip young minds with the necessary technological skills through exposure to CSIR laboratories. CSIR has already trained more than 100000 personnel, since launch of the scheme, in the areas of Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering Sciences and Physical Sciences;
-  The  Indian  Navy  and  CSIR  signed  a  MoU  to  undertake  joint  research  and development of advanced technologies for the Indian Navy;
-  CSIR has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) to leverage the expertise available in CSIR with the effort of KVIC for promotion of honey production and also to enable wider outreach of the CSIR technologies and products;
-  To promote scientific temper amongst the school students, CSIR had launched the programme named 'JIGYASA' in collaboration with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS). The CSIR's Jigyasa program is a unique platform for bringing scientists and teachers for nurturing young minds. This program envisages opening up the national scientific  facilities  to  school  children,  enabling  CSIR  scientific  knowledgebase  and facility  to  be  utilized  by  schoolchildren.  CSIR  Laboratories  have  implemented  the programme connecting schools, benefitting about 3 lakh students during the last 5 years. Further, 295 Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) of AIM were officially adopted by CSIR across  the  country  towards  inculcating  Scientific  research  and  innovation  culture among  students.  Taking  forward  CSIR's  Jigyasa  program  to  millions  of  school students, the Jigyasa-Virtual Lab concept has been formalized in association with IITB, Mumbai. The Virtual Lab platform shall enhance the scientific temper amongst school children where the students will read, have fun and carry out experiments and materials which are presented by the CSIR scientists and other stakeholders.

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## Some of the recent CSIR Initiative and S&T interventions that have been identified by CSIR in consultation with the State Governments/Union Territories for S&T led developments

## Road related initiatives :

-  CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi in collaboration with Intel, INAI, IIIT, Hyderabad, Mahindra & Mahindra and Nagpur Municipal Corporation has launched the artificial intelligence-powered project, on a pilot basis in Nagpur City, Maharashtra.  This  project  would  help  reduce  road  accidents  and  understand  the factors responsible for these events and in engineering solutions to mitigate them. The project would focus on vehicle safety, road infrastructure safety, mobility analysis to move towards a Vision Zero, accident scenario. The use of AI to map accident spots would  help  collect  data  about  a  road  surface  condition,  marking,  signage,  signal details, type of vehicles, and models in use as well as utility assets;
-  India's first ever Steel slag road built with 100% processed steel slag aggregates in all layers of bituminous roads at Hazira, Surat, Gujrat by an Industry in collaboration with CSIR-CRRI  under  a  project  supported  by  the  Ministry  of  Steel.  The  road  was constructed utilizing waste steel slag;
-  CSIR-CRRI has developed Soil Nailing Technique for underpass construction which is a  simple,  easy,  safe,  time-saving,  economical  and  user  friendly  technique  in  live loading  condition.  Four  projects  namely  (Yamuna  Bazar  Underpass,  Delhi;  Apsara Border  Underpass,  Delhi;  Sahibabad  Underpass,  Ghazibad,  UP  and  Mahipalpur  Delhi Gurgaon Road underpass, Delhi) underpass had been successfully completed using Soil Nailing Technique with box jacking/Box pushing below live traffic;
-  Application and demonstration of CSIR sustainable technologies for flexible pavements in J&K region;
-  Plastic waste management in Jammu & Kashmir (Energy, Road, Tiles etc.); and
-  CSIR-CRRI has been providing technical and consultancy support in several roads related projects to various state government.

Drainage system and wastewater & solid waste management related initiatives:

-  CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur has been instrumental in designing and commissioning Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) for homogenous and heterogeneous industrial clusters in the country. CETPs designed  and  commissioned  by  CSIR-NEERI  at  various  industrial  clusters helped in prevention of water and soil pollution. About 30 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) have been installed in 6 different states which prevented water and soil pollution besides providing recyclable treated water;
-  Improvisation of the traditional practices of night soil composting in dry toilets (chaksa) of Ladakh using microbiological intervention;
-  Ecological mapping, mapping for natural resources, geothermal energy, and ground water, as well as earthquake hazard assessment in Ladakh;
-  Rejuvenation of lakes/water bodies in Jammu & Kashmir;
-  Drinking water purification and wastewater treatment in Jammu & Kashmir; and
-  Implementation of remunerative solid waste treatment technologies for the recovery of value added products in Jammu & Kashmir

## Medical/ Health related initiatives :

-  The Maharashtra Government has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi for SARS-CoV- 2 genome sequencing  to  better  understand  the  mutation  of  the  novel coronavirus and validate the policies implemented to contain its transmission;
-  The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd (APIIC) has entered into a  Memorandum  of  Understanding  (MoU)  with  CSIR-Indian  Institute  of  Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad as a step forward in the direction of setting up a Bulk Drug Park (BDP) under a scheme by the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers, Department of Pharmaceuticals. CSIR-IICT shall provide necessary technical support as the knowledge partner in preparing the proposal to be submitted by the Andhra Pradesh government to the Department of Pharmaceuticals;
-  CSIR  has  launched  a  drone-driven  aerial  delivery  facility  to  transport  Covid-19 vaccines and emergency medicines to inaccessible and difficult areas in a short span of time in Jammu & Kashmir and Karnataka. The Medium Multi-copter Unmanned Air Vehicle  (MMAV)  has  been  developed  indigenously  by  CSIR-National  Aerospace Laboratory (CSIR-NAL), Bengaluru for its applications in Healthcare and Agriculture sectors.  Autonomous  flight  with  MEMS  (Micro  Electro-Mechanical  System)  based digital  Autopilot  UAV  has  been  authorized  in  India  by  Ministry  of  Civil  Aviation  for BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) operations;
-  A cost effective and easy to use non-invasive ventilation device that can be used in Makeshift  hospitals,  wards  and  dispensary  has  been  developed  by  CSIR-National Aerospace  Laboratory  (CSIR-NAL),  Bengaluru.  It  has  undergone  stringent  tests  at NABL accredited labs and clinical trials on more than 100 COVID-  19 patients. It has been approved by DGHS  for use in COVID-19  patients who  need oxygen supplementation up to 35%. It has a unique 'T' coupler with a HEPA filter to  minimize dispersal  of  the  virus  into  ambient  air.  Technology  has  been  transferred  to  seven Industries. About 1200 units have been supplied to Delhi Government;
-  Under its  Mission  program  on  Sickle  cell  anemia,  CSIR  in  collaboration  with  State Medical Colleges and clinical centers are involved in  Population screening, genetic testing,  carrier  testing,  prenatal  diagnosis  and  genetic  counselling,  treatment  of identified patients. The Sickle Cell Disease is prevalent in certain weaker section of society. The activities of Mission have largely focused on two states, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra in the phase I (2017-2020) and in Phase II, it has now been extended to Madhya Pradesh using the comprehensive protocols established during phase I;
-  The  CSIR-Institute  of  Microbial  Technology  (IMTECH),  Chandigarh  has  signed  a Memorandum  of  Understanding  (MoU)  with  Punjab  Government's  Department  of Science, Technology and Environment to jointly address the issues pertaining to public health and environment under Mission Tandrust Punjab 2.0 besides working together for  making the state Research and Innovation Hub under Mission Innovate Punjab. Under the MoU, both organizations will  strive to promote Research and Innovation (R&I) ecosystem in Punjab to enhance competitiveness, boost economic growth and create quality jobs. Department of Science Technology and Environment of Punjab State  and  CSIR-IMTECH  have  jointly  identified  several  areas  in  monitoring  and analysis  of  water  quality  and  conducting  technical  studies  on  diseases  linked  with water pollution in the state.

## Solar power related initiatives:

CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CMERI) has designed  and  developed  a  'Solar  Power  Tree'  to  harness  maximum  solar  energy utilizing  minimum  land.  The  institute  has  installed  developed  solar  power  trees  at different  locations  such  as  Circuit  House,  Durgapur  Steel  Plant;  Durgapur  Steel Thermal Power Station, Andal; Bhilai Steel Plant, Chattisgarh; Baba Bhagwan Ram Ashram  Trust,  Chattisgarh,  Rajbhavan  Kolkata  through  West  Bengal  Renewable Energy  Development  Agency  (WBREDA);  Srijani  Auditorium,  Durgapur  Municipal Corporation; Different Primary Schools of West Bengal etc.

## Other significant initiatives :

-  Knowledge partner of  Uttar  Pradesh,  Manipur  and  Meghalaya  States  -  CSIR has entered  into  knowledge  partnership  with  Uttar  Pradesh,  Manipur  and  Meghalaya States Government to promote science and technology-led development of the State through deployment of identified technologies / knowhow as per the requirement. The efforts are aimed at knowledge-led development of the State in areas such as infrastructure,  water  and  water  resources,  agriculture,  healthcare,  chemicals  and petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals including biopharmaceuticals and drugs, etc;
-  CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR-CIMFR), Dhanbad has provided technical support for blast-induced ground vibration, air overpressure and optimization of  blast  design  parameters  for  Naitwar-Mori  Hydro  Electric  Project  in Uttarakhand  State.  CSIR-CIMFR  also  carried  out  Insitu  evaluation  and  provided technical advice on the present condition of track and haulage ropes of Passenger Ropeway from Bhawan to Bhairon Ghati, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir;
-  CSIR-CIMFR has been working with the Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board (MSPCB) for (i) technology development for the treatment of acid mine water for its reuse and safe  disposal; and (ii) Technical advice  for  closure  of  abandoned  coal mines using controlled blasting techniques;
-  CSIR-CIMFR has been working with the Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Limited (RSMML) for evaluation of explosives and blasting accessories to improve its quality and suggestions at Jhamarkotra Rock Phosphate Mines, RSMML;
-  Indigenous Cultivation of Heeng to reduce imports - Ferula assafoetida (Heeng) one of the top spices in India is imported from Iran, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan. CSIRInstitute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur along with ICAR-National  Bureau  of  Plant  Genetic  Resources,  has  addressed  the  lack  of planting material and agrotechnology, which were major bottlenecks in cultivation. Now  the  plants  have  been  introduced  for  cultivation  in  the  country  with  the  first

seedlings of heeng panted at Lahaul valley after the Institute successfully conducted experiments with plants and seed germination. Cold desert areas of India such as Lahaul and Spiti, Ladakh, parts of Uttarakhand and Arunachal Pradesh are suitable for cultivation of asafetida and can decrease the imports of Heeng substantially after successful cultivation;

-  A  technology  has  been  developed  by  CSIR-Central  Building  Research  Institute (CSIR-CBRI), Roorkee for recycling and utilization of Kota Stone Cutting and Slurry wastes in making tiles, paver blocks and cellular blocks. The developed items meet the requirements of Indian Standard Specifications. The utilization of high volumes of Kota stone slurry waste in lightweight concrete leads to higher strengths than that of normal lightweight blocks. The technology has been transferred to Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur for mass deployment;
-  Introduction of high value cash crops for Socio-economic upliftment of hill, remote, Schedule Tribe farming community of cold-arid Ladakh;
-  Cultivation, domestication and value addition of some non-conventional fodder plants for Pashmina goat in Ladakh;
-  Design and Development of Sea Buckthorn fruit/berry Harvester in Ladakh;
-  Cultivation,  processing  and  value  added  products  of  medicinal,  aromatic  and floriculture crops along with apiculture in Jammu & Kashmir;
-  Development of Leather Value Chain in Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir;
-  Earthquake and landslide hazard, risk preparedness and energy efficient Earthquake Resistance structures in Jammu & Kashmir;
-  CSIR-Central  Food  Technological  Research  Institute  (CSIR-CFTRI),  Mysore  has been recognized as the State Level Technical Institution for the implementation of the PM  Formalisation  of  Micro  food  processing  Enterprises  (PMFME)  Scheme  in Karnataka. The Scheme is being implemented jointly by both the Central and State govt. during 2020-25 in order to bring almost 2 lakh unorganized food processing units into the organized sector. Under this, almost 300+ FPOs / Entrepreneurs were trained under One District One Product (ODOP) across the State;
-  Implementation of Value addition food technologies for agri-horti produce of Jammu & Kashmir; and
-  CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur signed an  MoU  with  Himachal  Pradesh  Agro  Industries  Corporation  Limited,  Shimla  for strategic and implementation partnership for livelihood promotion and rural development  in  selected  districts of the state. CSIR-IHBT  will  facilitate the Corporation  in  establishment  of  soil  health  clinic,  farmers  training  centre  cum knowledge  hub,  development  of  training  materials  and  certifying  the  inputs  for recommendation  to  the  farmers.  The  institute  will  also  support  in  undertaking innovative farm income enhancement projects through the introduction of advanced technologies and cash crops.

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