opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 1135 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Production of Honey
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Sajda Ahmed

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- 1135

ANSWERED ON- 8 th  FEBRUARY, 2022

## PRODUCTION OF HONEY

1135. SHRIMATI SAJDA AHMED:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE कृ िष और कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:-

- (a) the details of steps taken by the Government to increase the production of quality honey;
- (b) the details of the technology intervention in honey production and to prevent diseases of bee colonies;
- (c) whether the Government has launched mobile honey processing units; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof ?

## ASNWER

MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE कृ िष और कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a): National Bee Board (NBB), Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare is implementing a central sector scheme entitled ' National Beekeeping & Honey Mission (NBHM) under Aatma  Nirbhar  Bharat  Announcement for  overall  promotion  and development of scientific beekeeping & to achieve the goal of 'Sweet Revolution' .

Main objective of NBHM is promoting scientific beekeeping for holistic growth of beekeeping industry  for  income  &  employment  generation,  providing  livelihood  support  to  farm  and  nonfarm  households,  to  enhance  agriculture/  horticulture  production,  developing  infrastructural facilities & promoting latest technologies in beekeeping.

- (b): Promotion  of  new  global  technology  for  promotion  and  development  of  scientific beekeeping  and  establishment  of  Honeybee  Disease  Diagnostic  labs  are  supported  under NBHM for technology intervention in honey production and to prevent diseases of bee colonies.

For  technology  intervention  in  increasing  the  Honey  Production,  Indian  Council  of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Honey Bees and Pollinators has developed package of practices for seasonal management of honeybees. Further, for management of bee pests and diseases, IACR is also working for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) measures in honeybees.

- (c)  &  (d):    Government  is  giving  assistance  for  Honey  Processing  Lab/Unit  under  NBHM  for quality  Honey.  The  detail  of  assistance  given  for  establishment  of  Honey  Processing  Unit  is given as under:

(Rs. In lakhs)

| Components                                             |   Total Cost per unit/ project |   Rate of Assistance (Maximum per unit /project) |
|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| Honey & other beehive products Processing Units/Plants |                            500 |                                              300 |

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1133 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Cooperative Movement
Ministry: COOPERATION
Asked by: Rattan Lal Kataria

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COOPERATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1133

TO BE ANSWERED ON 8 TH  FEBRUARY, 2021

## COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT

1133.    SHRI RATTAN LAL KATARIA:

Will the Minister of COOPERATION सहकारता मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  cooperative  movement  in  Gujarat  has  been  a  successful experiment  and  whether  the  Government  has  announced  the  implementation  of cooperative policies in certain Ministries, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether  the  Government  proposes  to  implement  the  cooperative  policy  in India on the lines of Israel and Japan, if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) whether the Government sees cooperatives as an alternative to socialism and capitalism and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF COOPERATION

सहकारता मंी

(SHRI  AMIT SHAH)

- (a) Many states in the country, including Gujarat, have successfully been implementing many cooperative based programmes. Amul, IFFCO, KRIBHCO and NAFED  are  few  examples  of  successful  experiments.  Government  intends  to prioritize co-operatives in the policies of the Ministries / Departments of Government of India.
- (b) There is no such proposal for consideration at present.
- (c)  Cooperatives  are  catalysts  for  country's  socio-economic  progress  and  are instrumental  in  achieving  the  objective  of  inclusive  growth.  These  member-driven and democratically governed people's institutions are based on the principles of selfhelp  and  mutual-aid  which  enable  them  to  achieve  the  economic  and  social objective s of their own.

******

O.I.H.
Lok Sabha Question No. 1131 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Social Audit
Ministry: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
Asked by: Reddeppa Nallakonda Gari

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.113I

## SOCIAL AUDIT

## 1131. SHRI N. REDDEPPA:

Will the Minister of SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has   selected districts which social audits will be conducted along with Social Audit Units of States for the year 2021-22;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; State-wise;
- (c) whether the Government has selected the schemes which will be subject to social audits; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI A. NARAYANASWAMY)

(a) to (d): The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has formulated a scheme, namely Information-Monitoring, Evaluation and Social Audit (I-MESA) which provides for the Social Audits of all the schemes of the Department through Social Audit Units (SAU) of the States and National Institute   for  Rural   Development and Panchayati  Raj in all the States/UTs of the

AIL schemes and programme of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment have been taken under this scheme for Social Audit
Lok Sabha Question No. 1130 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: National Youth Policy
Ministry: YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS
Asked by: Shyam Yadav Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS (DEPARTMENT OF YOUTH AFFAIRS)

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1130 TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.02.2022

National Youth Policy

1130. SHRI SHYAM SINGH YADAV:

Will the Minister of YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government intend  to bring a new National Youth Policy;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (c) the steps taken by the Government to develop leadership qualities and national consciousness among youth?

ANSWER THE MINISTER YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS { SHRI ANURAG SINGH THAKUR }

(a) to (c) The National Youth Policy (NYP), 2014 provides a holistic vision for  the  youth  of  India  which  is  'to  empower  the  youth  of  the country to achieve their full potential, and through them enable India to find its rightful place in the community of nations'. The Department of Youth Affairs runs several programmes under the umbrella scheme  'Rashtriya Yuva Sashktikaran

Karyakram'  and  National  Service  Scheme  with  a  view  to    develop leadership qualities  in  the  youth  to  enable  them  to  realize  their  full potential and to instil  social values and promote community service to strengthen nationalism in the country. The NYP 2014 is currently under review.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1128 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Relief Measures against Drought
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Rama Devi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1128

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 8 TH  FEBRUARY, 2022

## RELIEF MEASURES AGAINST DROUGHT

## 1128. SHRIMATI RAMA DEVI:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether it is a fact that the Government coordinates in necessary relief measures against drought, hailstorm and insect attacks;
- (b) the details of coordination work done for necessary relief measures during the last year and the current year, State-wise;
- (c) whether it is a fact that there was delay in providing assistance in relief works; and
- (d) the reaction of the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a)  to  (d):  The  State  Government  is  primarily  responsible  for  managing  and  undertaking necessary  relief  measures  in  the  wake  of  natural  calamities,  including  drought,  hailstorm  and pest  attack.  Government  of  India  supplements  the  efforts  of  State  Governments  with  financial assistance.    In  the  eventuality  of  notified  calamities,  State  Governments  are  empowered  to undertake  necessary  relief  measures  from  State  Disaster  Response  Fund  (SDRF),  which  is readily  available  with  the  State.  For  calamity  of  severe  nature,  additional  financial  assistance, over  and  above  SDRF,  is  considered  from  National  Disaster  Response  Fund  (NDRF),  in accordance with items and norms of assistance, upon receipt of Memorandum from the State Government.

During  last  year  i.e.  2020-21,  the  State  Governments  of  Madhya  Pradesh  and  Rajasthan submitted Memorandums seeking financial assistance from NDRF for pest attack and drought respectively. Based on the Reports of the IMCT and the recommendations of Sub-Committee of National Executive Committee (SC-NEC), the Government of India approved financial assistance of  Rs.1280.18  crore  to  Madhya  Pradesh for  pest  attack  and  Rs.113.69  crore  to  Rajasthan  for drought. During the current year i.e. 2021-22, the State Governments of Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan have submitted Memorandums seeking financial assistance from NDRF for hailstorm and drought respectively. As per the existing procedure, based on the report of the IMCT and the recommendations of the SC-NEC thereon, the Government of India approves assistance from NDRF

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1127 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: National Investigation Agency
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: L.S. Tejasvi Surya

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1127

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 08 TH  FEBRUARY, 2022/ MAGHA 19, 1943 (SAKA)

NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY

1127. SHRI L.S. TEJASVI SURYA:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  is  considering  setting  up  a  National  Investigation Agency (NIA) Permanent House in Bengaluru;
- (b)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  reasons  for  the  establishment  of  the  NIA Permanent House;
- (c)  the  details  of  the  resources  and  funds  that  will  be  made  available  for  the setting up of the NIA Permanent House in Bengaluru; and
- (d) the total number of NIA Permanent Houses in the country and the cities they are located in?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a) to  (d):    In  pursuance  of  the  policy  of  'Zero  Tolerance'  towards  terrorism,

Central Government has strengthened the institutional framework  and enhanced capacity of concerned agencies which  include provision of adequate funds.

The Central Government, on 5 th  January, 2022, sanctioned 6 new branch offices, including at Bengaluru for the National Investigation Agency (NIA). 52 posts have been sanctioned  for its newly created branch office at Bengaluru.

With the sanction of 6 more branches, the NIA, with headquarters at New Delhi, has 18 branch offices at Hyderabad, Guwahati, Imphal, Kochi, Chennai, Lucknow, Kolkata, Jammu, Raipur, Chandigarh, Ranchi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Patna, Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Bhubaneswar.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1126 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Misuse of Funds under PMAY
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Sunil Kumar Pintu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1126

ANSWERED ON 08/02/2022

## MISUSE OF FUNDS UNDER PMAY

## 1126.   SHRI SUNIL KUMAR PINTU:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  any  proposal  to  provide  houses  to  the  beneficiaries which have been built by the house construction agencies instead of providing funds to the beneficiaries under Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (PMAY) as funds are being misused and the purpose of the said scheme is being defeated;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SHRI FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE)

(a)  to  (c):    No  Sir.  Presently,  there  is  no  such  proposal  under  consideration  for  Pradhan Mantri  Awaas  Yojana-  Gramin  (PMAY-G)  and  Pradhan  Mantri  Awaas  Yojana-  Urban (PMAY-U).

To  prevent misuse  of  funds  under  PMAY-G,  the  assistance  is  provided  to  the beneficiaries  directly  into  their  bank  account/  post  office  account  through  Aadhaar  Based Payment System/Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in construction linked installments. At every fixed stage of construction of the house, the geo-referenced and time-stamped photograph of the house along with beneficiary is captured.

Similarly, PMAY-U has an inbuilt provision like Aadhaar seeding and validation of beneficiaries,  transfer  of  assistance  through  Direct  Benefit  Transfer  (DBT)/  ExpenditureAdvance-Transfer  (EAT)  module  of  Public  Financial  Management  System  (PFMS),   geotagging of houses, etc., integrated into robust  PMAY-U  MIS  System  for  ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability.

*********
Lok Sabha Question No. 1124 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Harassments by Superior officers in Paramilitary Forces
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Faizal P.P. Mohammed

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1124

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 08 TH  FEBRUARY, 2022/ MAGHA 19, 1943 (SAKA)

HARASSMENTS BY SUPERIOR OFFICERS IN PARAMILITARY FORCES

1124. SHRI MOHAMMED FAIZAL P.P.:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  is  aware  that  a  number  of  jawans  serving  in various  paramilitary  forces  are  complaining  through  social  media  about alleged abuses and harassments by their superior officers;

(b) if so, whether the Government has sought an enquiry to the matter; and

(c) if so, the details thereof?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

(SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a) to (c) : A few instances  of  complaints  on  social  media  by  Jawans  of    Central Armed Police Forces against harassment by superior officers have been reported. As per the established procedure, inquiry in the matter is conducted and based on the outcome of such inquiry, appropriate action as per rules is taken.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1122 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Census  2021
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Nama Nageswara Rao

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1122

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 08 TH  FEBRUARY, 2022/ MAGHA 19, 1943 (SAKA)

CENSUS 2021

1122. SHRI NAMA NAGESWARA RAO:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the Government has initiated the process of conduct of Census 2021;

(b) if so, the details thereof, if not, the reasons for the delay;

(c)  whether  the  Government intends to club the Census 2021 exercise with the proposed National Register of Citizens; and

(d) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

(SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a) to (d): The  intent  of  the  Government  for  conducting  Census  2021  was notified in Gazette of India on 28 th  March, 2019. However, due to outbreak of COVID-19  pandemic,  the  conduct  of  Census  2021  and  the  related  field activities have been postponed until further orders. Till now, the Government has not taken any decision to prepare National Register of Indian Citizens at the National level.

- *****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1121 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Paddy Cultivation
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Uttam Kumar Nalamada Reddy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1121

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 08 th  FEBRUARY, 2021

## PADDY CULTIVATION

## 1121.  SHRI UTTAM KUMAR REDDY NALAMADA:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ िष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether there are any restrictions by the Government on the cultivation of paddy in the upcoming Yasangi crop season, if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether  the  Government  has  issued  any restrictions  on  sowing  of crops in Telangana, if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the quantum of various agricultural crops procured at MSP in the last five years in the State of Telangana;
- (d) the quantum of paddy procured in the Kharif crop season 2021 from Telangana, the total amount spent and the quantum of paddy not procured; and
- (e) the reasons for the delay in procurement and the non-procurement of some paddy from Telangana?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ िष एवं कसान कयाण मंी

(SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a)&(b): The Government of India has not restricted sowing of paddy including other crops for the Yasangi season in Telangana.
- (c): The procurement of paddy, pulses and oilseeds at Minimum Support Price (MSP) in the state of Telangana during last five years is as under;

(In lakh Metric Tonnes)

| Year    |   Paddy | Pulses   | Oilseeds   |
|---------|---------|----------|------------|
| 2016-17 |   53.67 | -        | 1.12       |
| 2017-18 |   54    | 1417.90  | 347.95     |
| 2018-19 |   77.46 | 1197.16  | 159.86     |
| 2019-20 |  111.26 | 1051.00  | 123.51     |
| 2020-21 |  141.09 | 167.44   | -          |

- (d): As  per  1 st Advance  estimates  for  2021-22  (Kharif),  the  production  of  paddy  in Telangana is 54.27 lakh tonnes. Against, the estimated procurementof 68.66 lakh tonnes, 70.22 lakh tonnes of paddy, with a value of Rs. 13741 crore, has been procured in kharif 2021 season as on 30.01.2022 in the state of Telangana.
- (e): There  has  been  no  delay  in  paddy  procurement  in  Telangana.  There  exists  a transparent  and  Uniform  Policy  for  procurement  by  Government  agencies  across  the country.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1120 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Data of Farmers Suicides by NCRB
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Thomas Chazhikadan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1120

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 08 TH  FEBRUARY, 2022/ MAGHA 19, 1943 (SAKA)

DATA OF FARMERS SUICIDES BY NCRB

1120. SHRI THOMAS CHAZHIKADAN:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a) whether the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) maintains information regarding farmers suicides;

- (b) if so, the total number of such cases reported during the last three years; and

(c) if not, the reasons therefor?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI AJAY KUMAR MISHRA)

(a) &  (b):  National  Crime  Records  Bureau  (NCRB)  compiles  statistics  on accidental deaths and suicides from the State/Union Territories and publishes the same annually as 'Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India' (ADSI) report. The latest  ADSI  report  is  for  the  year  2020.  As  per  ADSI  reports,  details  of suicides by farmers/cultivators is as below:

|   Year |   Total number of suicides by Farmers /Cultivators |
|--------|----------------------------------------------------|
|   2018 |                                               5763 |
|   2019 |                                               5957 |
|   2020 |                                               5579 |

- (c)  Does not arise in view of reply to part (a) & (b) above

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1119 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-08
Subject: Features of PM-KMY
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Girish Chandra, Vinayak Bhaurao Raut

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1119

TO BE ANSWERED ON 8 th  FEBRUARY, 2022

## FEATURES OF PM-KMY

1119.   SHRI GIRISH CHANDRA:

SHRI VINAYAK RAUT:

Will the Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

(a)  the  salient  features  of  Pradhan  Mantri  Kisan  MaandhanYojana  (PMKMY)  and  the terms and condition for registration under the scheme;

(b)  the  total  number  of  registered  farmers  and  number  of  farmers  found  eligible  and ineligible  for  the  scheme  and  also  the  number  of  farmers  who  were  deprived  of registration in Uttar Pradesh since 2019, till date;

(c)  the  steps  being taken  by Government to include those farmers under the scheme who were deprived of registration; and

(d) the details of farmers who have received the amount under the said scheme in Uttar Pradesh till date, instalment-wise and district-wise?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) to (c): Pradhan Mantri Kisan MaanDhan Yojna (PMKMY) is being implemented in order to provide social security net for the Small and Marginal Farmers (SMF) by way of  pension.  Under this scheme, provision has been made for payment of a minimum fixed pension of Rs. 3,000/- to the eligible small and marginal farmers, subject to certain exclusion clauses, on attaining the age of 60 years.  The Scheme is a voluntary and contributory  pension  scheme,  with  entry  age  of  18  to  40  years.  Any  farmer  with  a landholding  of  up  to  2  hectares  and  between  the  age  of  18  to  40  years  can  opt  to become member of the Scheme by subscribing to a Pension Fund. The beneficiary is required to contribute Rs 100/ - per month at median entry age of 29 years. The Central Government also contributes  to  the  Pension  Fund  in  equal  amount,  managed  by  the

Life Insurance Corporation, which is also responsible for pension pay out. As on 31/01/2022, a total of 21,86,918 are enrolled in the Scheme in the country out of which 2,48,787 farmers are registered in Uttar Pradesh. (d):

Under PMKMY, provision is made for payment of a minimum fixed pension of Rs. 3,000/- to the eligible small and marginal farmers, subject to certain exclusion clauses, on  attaining  the  age  of  60  years.    As  the  Scheme  is  a  voluntary  and  contributory pension scheme, with entry age of 18 to 40 years, no beneficiary has yet attained the age of 60 to be eligible for payment.

*****