opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 3489 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Financial Assistance to Projects of Classical Languages
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Sukanta Majumdar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3489 TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## Financial Assistance to Projects of Classical Languages

## 3489.  DR. SUKANTA MAJUMDAR:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

(a)  the details of the Indian languages which have been accorded the classical language status so far; (b)  whether the Government has implemented any schemes to provide financial assistance to various projects of classical languages in the country; (c)   if so, the details thereof; (d)  the details of the funds provided for each classical language during each of the last three years and the current year, language-wise; (e) whether the Government has received any proposal regarding the classical language projects during the last two years; and

- (f)  if so, the details thereof and the reaction of the Government thereto?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (DR. SUBHAS SARKAR)

(a)  to  (d):  Six  Indian  languages  namely  Sanskrit,  Tamil,  Telugu,  Kannada, Malayalam and Odia have been accorded the status of Classical Language. The policy of the Government is to promote all Indian languages including classical languages. Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) works for the promotion of all Indian languages including four classical languages viz. Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Odia. Development and promotion of Classical Tamil is done by Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT). The Government of India is promoting Sanskrit  Language  through  three  Central  Universities.  Funds  are  provided  to these universities for teaching and research in Sanskrit   Language   leading  to

award  of  degree,  diploma,  certificate  to  students  and  no  separate  funds  are provided for undertaking any work related to classical aspect of Sanskrit.

The details of funds provided for various classical languages is given below:

(Rs. in lakhs)

| Language   | 2019-20   | 2019-20   | 2020-21   | 2020-21   | 2021-22   | 2021-22   |
|------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
|            | BE        | Exp       | BE        | Exp       | BE        | Exp       |
| Kannada    | 107.00    | 92.01     | 108.00    | 81.97     | 106.50    | 99.17     |
| Telugu     | 107.00    | 75.12     | 147.00    | 110.16    | 103.15    | 90.52     |
| Malayalam  | Nil       | Nil       | 8.00      | 7.44      | 63.97     | 10.76     |
| Tamil      | 770. 00   | 980.78    | 1200.00   | 1173.00   | 1200.00   | 1186.15   |
| Odia       | Nil       | Nil       | 8.00      | 6.40      | 58.38     | 35.10     |

(e) & (f): No other proposal has been received in respect of classical language projects.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3488 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Vacant Posts in Central/National Sanskrit University
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu, Vinayak Bhaurao Raut, Balashowry Vallabbhaneni

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3488 TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## Vacant Posts in Central/National Sanskrit University

3488. SHRI LAVU SRI KRISHNA DEVARAYALU: SHRI VINAYAK RAUT: SHRI BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

- (a)  the  details  of  the  posts  of  Associate  Professors  lying  vacant  in  Central/National Sanskrit University in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra;
- (b) whether there are five posts of Associate Professors and Assistant Professors lying vacant in Central/National Sanskrit University in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra;
- (c)  if  so,  details  thereof  along  with  the  steps  taken  or  proposed  to  be  taken  by  the Government to fill in the vacancies;
- (d) whether the University Grants Commission has made Ph.D. mandatory for any post of Assistant and Associate Professors; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (DR. SUBHAS SARKAR)

(a) to (c): National Sanskrit University (NSU), Tirupati and Central Sanskrit University (CSU), Delhi are located in Andhra Pradesh and New Delhi respectively. They are among the three Central Sanskrit Universities established under Central  Sanskrit Universities Act, 2020. Central Sanskrit University, besides its headquarters at Delhi, has 12 campuses at different parts of the country. One such campus is at Mumbai, Maharashtra called as 'Central Sanskrit University (CSU), KJ Somaiya Campus'.

Filling up of vacant posts in the Universities is a continuous process. While the vacancy position in the Central Sanskrit  University's Mumbai  campus is  NIL,  the details of Vacancy position in respect of National Sanskrit University (NSU), Tirupati is as under:

| S. No.   | Posts               |   Vacancy in NSU, Tirupati |
|----------|---------------------|----------------------------|
| 1.       | Associate Professor |                         03 |
| 2.       | Assistant Professor |                         02 |
| Total    | Total               |                         05 |

(d)  &  (e):  As  per  University  Grants  Commission  (UGC)'s  Regulations  on  Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers & Other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education, 2018, clause  3.10  amended  on  11 th   October,  2021  Ph.D.  degree  shall  be  mandatory qualification to the post of Assistant Professor in Universities w.e.f. 01/07/2023. Further, Ph.D.  is  an  essential  qualification  for  the  post  of  Associate  Professor  under  Direct Recruitment and promotion under Career Advancement Scheme  (CAS).These Regulations  are  applicable  from  the  date  of  their  notification  and  are  mandatory  in nature.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3486 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Moral Education
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Shardaben Anilbhai Patel, Mitesh Rameshbhai (Bakabhai) Patel, Jagannath Sarkar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3486 TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## Moral Education

†3486. SHRIMATI  SHARDABEN  ANILBHAI  PATEL: SHRI  MITESH  RAMESHBHAI  PATEL  (BAKABHAI): SHRI  JAGANNATH  SARKAR:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

(a) whether it is a fact that there is no defined course of Moral Education in Primary schools;

(b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and

(c) whether there is any comprehensive plan to include such subjects also in higher education and if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (SMT.  ANNPURNA  DEVI)

(a) to (c): The  National  Curriculum  Framework  (NCF),  2005,  developed  by  the  National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), which sets the guidelines and direction for  the  development  of  syllabi  and  textbooks  at  all  the  school  stages,  emphasizes  on  ethical development, inculcating the values, attitudes and skills such as human rights, justice, tolerance, co-operation, social responsibility,  non-violence  and  respect  for  cultural  diversity,  etc.  required for  living  in  harmony  with  oneself  and  with  others.  The  NCERT  textbooks,  developed  on  the basis of NCF, 2005, prescribe and integrate themes and examples related to moral conduct across the subject areas and across the various stages of school education in the syllabi and textbooks for classes I-XII. University Grants Commission (UGC) has launched a policy framework- 'Mulya Pravah  -  Guidelines  for  Inculcation  of  Human  values  and  Professional  Ethics  in  Higher Educational  Institutions'.  It  emphasizes  that  stakeholders  of  an  institution,  be  they  faculty, students, administrators or others, should be guided by the core values like integrity, dedication, trusteeship, sustainability, inclusiveness, commitment, respectfulness, harmony and belongingness.    Further,  the  National  Education  Policy  (NEP),  2020  also  provides  for  ethical reasoning, traditional Indian values and all basic human and Constitutional values such as seva, ahimsa,  swachchhata,  satya,  nishkam  karma,  shanti, sacrifice,  tolerance,  diversity,  pluralism, righteous conduct, gender sensitivity, respect for elders, respect for all people and their inherent capabilities regardless of background, etc. Moreover, education being a subject in the Concurrent list of the Constitution and majority of schools are under the jurisdiction of State/Union Territory (UT) Governments, it is for the respective State/ UT Government to take appropriate action to impart the moral education on the students of their schools.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3484 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Disclosure of Transaction of Shares
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Naba (Hira) Kumar Sarania

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UN-STARRED QUESTION NO.: 3484

## TO BE ANSWERED ON AUGUST 8, 2022/SRAVANA 17, 1944 (SAKA)

## DISCLOSURE OF TRANSACTION OF SHARES

## 3484. SHRI NABA KUMAR SARANIA:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether all Corporate Houses, Directors and their senior Executives are mandated to make disclosures with regard to their transaction of Shares to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) besides Stock Exchanges;
- (b) if so, the details of cases of non-disclosure of acquisition of shares of Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) by their top executives as per complaints filed with SEBI during the last one year; and
- (c) the action taken or proposed to be taken by SEBI for committing actionable wrong against RIL  and  their  top  Executives  and  Directors  for  not  performing  within  SEBI  (PIT) Regulation, 2015?

## ANSWER

## SHRI PANKAJ CHAUDHRY MINISTER OF STATE FOR FINANCE

(a) to (c): In terms of extant regulatory framework under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 disclosures relating to acquisition/disposal of securities by the promoter, member of the promoter group, designated persons and Directors of the company are required to be made only to Stock Exchanges.

However, SEBI had received five complaints with regards to non-disclosure of acquisition of shares of Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL), under SEBI (PIT) Regulation, 2015, during last one year and the same were forwarded to the Stock Exchanges for examination. Submissions made by the Stock Exchanges, post their examination, didn't reveal any non-compliance.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3483 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Inclusion of Fish Species into Schedule A
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: T.N. Prathapan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 3483

TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## Inclusion of Fish Species into Schedule A

## 3483. SHRI T.N. PRATHAPAN:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has decided to include certain fish species into Schedule A and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;
- (b) whether the Government propose to revisit the decision to include Channa fish species (particular fish species) into Schedule A, considering its high demand in foreign market; and
- (c) whether the Government is considering fish farming of those species in artificial ponds and tanks to preserve them from extinction?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE

(SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

- (a) to (c) There is no Schedule A in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The Wild Life (Protection) Act ,1972 has six schedules. Wild animals are listed in Schedule I to  Schedule  IV  of  the  Act.  Vermin  are  listed   in  Schedule  V,  and  plants  are listed in Schedule VI. The following species of fishes are listed in Schedule-I of

the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972:

1. Whale Shark ( Rhincodon typus )
2. Sharks and ray:
3. (i) Anoxypristis cuspidate
4. (ii) Carcharhinus hemiodon
5. (iii) Glyphis gangeticus
6. (iv) Glyphis glyphis
7. (v) Himantura fluviatilis
8. (vi) Pristis microdon
9. (vii) Pristis zijsron
10. (viii) Rhynchobatus djiddensis
11. (ix) Urogymnus asperrimus
3. Sea horse (all Sygnathidians )
4. Giant Grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatusi)

Channa fish species  is not listed in the Schedules of  the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.

Protection and management of wildlife is primarily the responsibility of State Governments/ UT Administration. The Ministry provides financial assistance to States/UTs  for  conservation  of  wildlife  under  Centrally  Sponsored  Scheme: Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 3479 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Surplus Labour
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Manne Srinivas Reddy, Komati Reddy Venkat Reddy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3479

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## SURPLUS LABOUR

3479. SHRI MANNE SRINIVAS REDDY:

SHRI KOMATI REDDY VENKAT REDDY:

Will  the  Minister  of  LABOUR  AND  EMPLOYMENT  be  pleased  to state:

(a)whether  the  country  has  lagged  in  taking  advantage  of  its  surplus labour to become a manufacturing hub and one of the reasons for this is that India's factories are too small to benefit from scale and some surveys also showed that, among the factories considered, about 50 or partnerships and engaged less than 30 people on average and it is hard

- per cent were either classified as individual proprietorships for such small firms to compete in international markets; and
- (b)if so, the details thereof, the reasons therefor and the corrective steps being taken in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI RAMESWAR TELI)

(a) & (b): The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is an important sector of the Indian economy. The share of MSME Gross Value Added (GVA) in All India Gross Domestic Product at current prices (201112) for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 were 30.5% and 30.0% respectively. The  share  of  the  MSME  manufacturing  in  All  India  manufacturing  gross value output during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 were 36.9% and 36.9% respectively.  Further,  the  share  of  export  of  to  All  India  exports  during 2019-20 and 2020-21 was 49.8% and 49.5% respectively.

The  major  policy  incentives  for  promoting  manufacturing includes  Make  in  India,  Start  Up  India,  Gati  Shakti,  enactment  of  four labour  codes,  Industrial  Corridors,  Production  Linked  Incentive  Scheme (PLI), Promoting Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) and reducing compliance burden, National Single Window System (NSWS), One District One Product (ODOP),GIS  enabled  Land  Bank,  Foreign  Direct  Investment  (FDI)  Policy Reforms, Project Monitoring Group to remove bottlenecks in setting up of major  infrastructure  projects,  Special  Packages  for  North  Eastern  and Himalayan Regions, Setting up of Industrial Park, Stand up India and Tax Incentive etc.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3478 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: External Debt
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Deepak (Dev) Adhikari

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE

## DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3478

TO BE ANSWERED ON AUGUST 08, 2022

## EXTERNAL DEBT

3478. SHRI ADHIKARI DEEPAK (DEV.):

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) the actual external debt of the country at present;
- (b) the details of external debt of the country during the last eight years, year-wise; and
- (c) whether the external debt of the country is going up and if so, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR FINANCE (SHRI PANKAJ CHAUDHARY)

(a) & (b) The outstanding external debt of India for the period of 31 st March 2015 to 31 st March 2022 are presented in the following table:

Table1:  Stock of India's External Debt

|   Sl. No. |   Year (as on 31 st March) |   Stock (US$ billion) |
|-----------|----------------------------|-----------------------|
|         1 |                       2015 |                 474.7 |
|         2 |                       2016 |                 484.8 |
|         3 |                       2017 |                 471   |
|         4 |                       2018 |                 529.3 |
|         5 |                       2019 |                 543.1 |
|         6 |                       2020 |                 558.4 |
|         7 |                       2021 |                 573.7 |
|         8 |                       2022 |                 620.7 |

Source: RBI

(c) The stock of India's external debt increased at an average annual growth rate of 4.3 per cent during the period of 31 st March 2015 to 31 st March 2022. India's external debt as a per cent of GDP has been reducing over the eight years and was 19.9 per cent as on 31 st March 2022. Foreign borrowings allow the country to take advantage of lower rate of interest abroad.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3477 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Academic Collaboration between Indian and Foreign HEIs
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Vijayakumar (alias) Vijay Vasanth

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3477 TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## Academic Collaboration between Indian and Foreign HEIs

## 3477. SHRI VIJAYAKUMAR ALIAS VIJAY VASANTH:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  University  Grants  Commission  has  any  proposal  to  have  academic collaboration between Indian and foreign Higher Education Institutions (HEIs);
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the number of foreign and Indian universities eligible for such collaborations;
- (c)  the  extent  to  which  this  proposal  would  help  in  improving  the  ranking  of  Indian universities; and
- (d) the time by which the said proposal is likely to be implemented?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (Dr. SUBHAS SARKAR)

(a) & (b): The University Grants Commission (UGC) has informed that it has notified the UGC (Academic Collaboration between Indian and Foreign Higher Educational Institutions to offer Twinning, Joint Degree and Dual Degree Programmes) Regulations, 2022. These Regulations  are  available  at  https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/4555806\_UGC-Acad-CollabRegulations.pdf?\_gl=1*70m35y*\_ga*MTE3MDExODQ5Mi4xNjQ1NTI3MTU5*\_ga\_FGHYE CNLXB*MTY1OTYxNDUxNi4yNi4xLjE2NTk2MTQ1MjYuMA.. Clause 5 of these Regulations specify the following eligibility criteria for Indian and Foreign Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) to offer Twinning, Joint Degree  and Dual  Degree programmes under these regulations:

-  Any Indian University, within the meaning of Section 2(f) or an institution deemed to be university under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956, which is accredited by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) or any other Agency authorised in this  behalf,  with  a  minimum  score  of  3.01  on  a  4-point  scale  at  the  time  of application; or which figures in the top 1000 of Times Higher Education or QS World University  ranking  at  the  time  of  application;  or  which  figures  in  the  top  100  in university category of National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) at the time of application;
-  Any  Foreign  HEI,  duly  established  or  incorporated  or  recognised  in  a  foreign country  and  offering  academic  and  research  programmes  at  the  undergraduate and/or higher levels, figuring in top 1000 of Times Higher Education or QS World University ranking at the time of application.

(c):  The  programmes  of  twinning,  joint  degree  and  dual  degree  will  lead  to  intensive academic  &  research  partnership  between  the  HEIs,  promote  exchange  of  students  & faculty  and  help  the  Indian  HEIs  to  learn  the  best  practices  of  the  top-ranked  global institutions. This will thus help to improve the global ranking of Indian Universities.

(d): These Regulations have already been notified on 02 nd  May, 2022.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3475 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Tourism Development of Idukki and Malankara Dams in Kerala
Ministry: TOURISM
Asked by: Dean Kuriakose

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3475

## ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF IDUKKI AND MALANKARA DAMS IN KERALA

## 3475. ADV. DEAN KURIAKOSE:

Will the Minister of TOURISM be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any proposal to develop and beautify the  adjoining  areas  of  Idukki  and  Malankara  Dams  in  Kerala  for promotion of tourism under any tourism project;
- (b)
- if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether  the  Union  Government  has  received  a  letter  from  the Government of Kerala regarding the completion of the said project;
- (d)
- if so, the details thereof;
- (e) whether  the  Government  has  taken  a  decision  on  the  timely completion of this Project; and
- (f) if so,  the  details  thereof  including  the  expected  timeline  of completion of the said project?

## ANSWER

(SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

THE MINISTER OF TOURISM

(a) to (f): The Ministry of Tourism under its 'Swadesh Darshan' scheme has sanctioned a project 'Development of PathanamthittaGaviVagamon- Thekkady' in the year 2015-16 for ₹76.55 crore which includes development of tourism related component in Idukki. The State Government of Kerala vide its letter No. A3/62/2022/TSM dated 04.05.2022 has informed that the project is physically complete.

The Ministry of Tourism has now revamped its Swadesh Darshan scheme as Swadesh Darshan 2.0 (SD2.0) in order to develop sustainable and responsible destinations with tourist & destination centric approach.  SD2.0  is  in  its  initial  stages  and  as  of  now  Idukki  and Malankara Dams in Kerala has not been identified for development under SD2.0 scheme guidelines.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3471 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-08
Subject: Child Safety Norms in Schools
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Vinod Chavda

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION AND LITERACY LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3471 TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.08.2022

## Child Safety Norms in Schools

†3471. SHRI VINOD L. CHAVDA:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  has  formulated  any  rules  for  those  schools  which  are  not following the Child Safety Norms in the country;

- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the rules in this regard along with the rules for punishment for non-compliance?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (SHRIMATI ANNPURNA DEVI)

(a) & (c):  Education is a subject in the concurrent list of the Constitution and therefore safety and security of the school children come under the purview of the respective States and UTs. Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education has developed Guidelines on School Safety and Security, which, interalia, contain provisions for fixing the accountability  of  the  school  management  in  the  matter  of  safety  and  security  of  children studying in Government, Government-aided and Private Schools. These guidelines have been circulated  to  all  States/UTs/Autonomous  Bodies  of  DoSEL  and  Stakeholder  Ministries  on 01.10.2021.  The  guidelines  detail  the  accountability  of  various  stakeholders  and  different departments in ensuring the safety and security of children in schools. The guidelines issued by the center are advisory in nature and States/UTs are expected to implement them and they may  incorporate  additions/modifications  to  them,  if  deemed  necessary,  according  to  their specific requirements. These guidelines are uploaded on the website of  DoSEL  at https://dsel.education.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-10/guidelines\_sss.pdf