Lok Sabha Question No. 1162 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-07-27
Subject: Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Dhanush M Kumar, Gautham Sigamani Pon, Ganesan Selvam, Gajanan Chandrakant Kirtikar, C.N. Annadurai, Arvind Ganpat Sawant

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1162

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 27 TH  JULY, 2021

## INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH

1162.  SHRI DHANUSH M. KUMAR:

SHRI GAUTHAM SIGAMANI PON:

SHRI SELVAM G.:

SHRI GAJANAN KIRTIKAR:

SHRI C.N. ANNADURAI:

SHRI ARVIND GANPAT SAWANT:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ षि और ककसान कल्याण मंत्री be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Indian  Institute  of  Horticultural  Research  which  was  set  up  to  conduct research on various aspects of horticulture has achieved the objective for which it was setup;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the steps taken by the Government in this regard;
- (c) the  steps  taken  by  the  Government  for  the  purpose  of  horticultural  research  in  the country;
- (d) whether any advances/achievements in horticulture  technology  have  been made  by Indian Institute of Horticultural Research;
- (e) if so, the details thereof during each of the last three years and the current year;
- (f) whether these advances/achievements have been adopted by farmers in the country and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons for the same; and
- (g) the  other  steps  taken  by  the  Government  to  boost  horticulture  cultivation  in  the country?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF AGRICUTLRURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ षि और ककसान कल्याण मंत्री

(

SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR )

- (a) Yes, Sir.  ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (ICAR-IIHR), Bengaluru which was set up to conduct research on various aspects of horticulture has achieved the objective for which it was set up.
- (b) The details of research works undertaken by ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru and its achievements are given in Annexure-I
- (c) The  steps  taken  by  the  Government  for  the  purpose  of  Horticulture  research  is detailed at Annexure-II.

(d)  &  (e): Yes,  Sir.    The  advances/achievements  in  horticulture  technology  made by IIHR during last three years and the current year are as under:

- Varieties/hybrids developed : In fruit crops, a total of 31 hybrids/varieties in fruit crops have been developed and released for commercial cultivation.
- In  vegetable crops ,  improvement and production work is carried out in 30 different crops. So far 120 varieties have been released.
- Ornamental crops: A total of 94 hybrids/varieties in ornamental crops, 9 hybrids/varieties  in medicinal  plants and  3  varieties  in aromatic  crops have  also been released.
- Germplasm : A total of 23 numbers of germplasm on different crops registered.
- IC numbers :  A number of 480 IC numbers of germplasm were obtained on different crops.
- Gene sequence :  A total of 1557 Gene sequence database were submitted in public database.
- Seeds: A total of 16851 kg (2017-18), 23112 kg (2018-19) and 16624 kg (2019-20) of quality seed of various fruits, vegetables, flowers, medicinal plants, loose flowers and bulbs were supplied to the farmers.
- Planting Material :  A  total  of  62000  kg,  51664  kg and 48538 kg planting material of fruits were supplied during 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively.
- Seed programme in 2020-21 : 11557.985 kg of seeds was produced during kharif in 67  vegetable  varieties/  hybrids.  The  seed  production  program  in  Rabi  season  was 25000 kg seeds of 60 vegetable varieties/hybrids. 239795 kg of planting material and 20420  kg  of  seeds  of  ornamental  crops  were  produced.  Through  sale  of  planting material of fruit crops, Rs.5286621 was realized in 2020-21.
- Patents: A total of 8 patents were applied out of which 4 got approved till now. A total of 14 registrations were done in PPVFRA.

.

- Publications: ICAR-IIHR has uploaded 815 recent publications, two data inventories, 109  videos  and  51  variety  registrations  of  the  institute  in  ICAR  Central  Repository ' Krishi Portal ' https://krishi.icar.gov.in/dashboard/.
- Programmes  organised :  A  number  of  programmes  organised/conducted  towards capacity building during the last four years wherein more than one lakh persons were trained on different aspects of horticultural production and cultivation.
- (f) Yes, Sir.  The details are given at Annexure-III.

(g) Following steps are taken by the Government to boost horticulture cultivation in the country:

## ➢ Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)

- Mission  for  Integrated  Development  of  Horticulture  (MIDH),  a  centrally  sponsored scheme has been launched in 2014-15 for holistic development of horticulture sector in  the  country  through  area  based  regionally  differentiated  strategies  which  includes research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and marketing in consonance with comparative advantage of each state/region.
- Under MIDH, Government of India contributes 60% of the total outlay for developmental  programmes  in  all  the  states  (except North  Eastern  and  Himalayan states where GOI contributes 90%) and 40% is contributed by State governments.
- It has following five major schemes on horticulture:
- National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
- Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH)
- National Horticulture Board (NHB)
- Coconut Development Board (CDB) &
- Central Institute of Horticulture (CIH), Nagaland

.

## ➢ National Horticulture Board (NHB)

- It  was  set  up in  1984 on  the  basis  of  recommendations  of  the "Group  on  Perishable Agricultural Commodities" headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan.
- Objective is to improve integrated development of Horticulture industry and to help in coordinating, sustaining the production and processing of fruits and vegetables.

****************

## [Part (b) of Lok Sabha U.S.Q.No.1162 dated 27/07/2021]

- ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru conducts research on various aspects of horticultural crops viz. fruits,  vegetables,  ornamentals  and  medicinal  plants  for  improving  their  productivity, quality and utility. In addition,IIHR has three regional stations viz; Central Horticultural Experiment  Stations  at  Chettalli  in  Kodagu  district  of  Karnataka,  Bhubaneshwar  in Orissa  and  Hirehalli  in  Tumkur  district  of  Karnataka  as  well  as  two  Krishi  Vigyan Kendras at Gonikoppal in Kodagu and Hirehalli.
- The  ICAR-IIHR  has  been  mother  to  two  National  Institutes  viz.  Central  Institute  for Subtropical  Horticulture,  Lucknow  and  Central  Citrus  Research  Institute,  Nagpur; fostered three NRC's  viz. National Research Centre for Banana, National Research Centre  for  Pomegranate,  Solapur,  National  Research  Centre  for  Grapes,  Pune  and one Directorate viz. Medicinal and Aromatic plants, Anand. This institute has provided the  initial  nurturing  for  CISH,  Lucknow  and  NRC  Citrus,  Nagpur, which  were  initially the regional stations of IIHR. Two more regional stations viz. CHES, Godhra in Gujarat and CHES, Ranchi in Bihar were transferred as regional stations to Central Institute for Arid  Horticulture,  Bikaner  and  Directorate  of  Water  Management  Research,  Bihar respectively after establishing and fostering them successfully.
- With  the  emergence  of  new  challenges  in  horticulture,  emphasis  is  now  given  to breeding hybrids/varieties for biotic and abiotic stresses, developing integrated water and  nutrient  management  protocols,  pests  and  disease  management  technologies, efficient  post-harvest  management  practices  and  conducting  frontier  research  in  the areas like hi-tech horticulture, precision farming, information technology and biotechnological interventions.
- Since  inception,  IIHR  has  been  actively  collaborating  with  national  and  international organizations on research, education and training. The Institute has a large contingent of one hundred and fifty trained scientists with expertise on major areas of horticultural research.

## Some of the important contributions of the institute in the recent past are:

## Varieties/hybrids

- In  fruit  crops,  a  total  of  31  hybrids/varieties  in  fruit  crops  have  been  developed  and released  for  commercial  cultivation  of  which  the  varieties  such  as  Arka  Udaya (mango),  Arka  Kiran  and  Arka  Mridula  (guava),  Arka  Surya  and  Arka  Prabhath (papaya), Arka Sahan (custard apple) have become popular among the farmers.
- In  vegetable  crops,  improvement  and  production  work  is  carried  out  in  30  different crops. So far 120 varieties have been released of which hybrids/varieties such as Arka Samrat and Arka Rakshak (tomato), Arka Anandh (brinjal), Arka Anamika (okra), Ark Kyathi  and  Arka  Meghana  (chilli),  Arka  Manik  (water  melon),  Arka  Suvidha,  Arka Komal  and  Arka  Anoop  (French  Bean),  Garden  Pea  (Arka  Ajit),  Arka  Garima (cowpea),  Arka  Jay  and  Arka  Vijay  (dolichos  bean),  Arka  Kalyan  and  Arka  Bheem (onion, Arka Bahar (bottle gourd), Arka Harit (bitter gourd) and Arka Sujat and Arka Sumeet (ridge gourd) are very popular among vegetable growers.
- A  total  of  94  hybrids/varieties  in  ornamental  crops,  9  hybrids/varieties  in  medicinal plants  and  3  varieties  in  aromatic  crops  have  also  been  released.  Among  them  the varieties, viz. Arka Prajwal (tube rose), Arka Bangara and Arka Agni (marigold), Violet

Cushions  and  Poornima  (China  aster)  and  Arka  Alankar  (crossandra)  are  popular among farmers.

## Ex-situ Conservation

- The IIHR is a National Active Germplasm Sites (NAGs) for various horticultural crops of great significance.
- The ex-situ field gene bank has over 3000 collections including tree species.
- A  pollen  cryobank  established  in  1983  facilitates  conservation  of  nuclear  genetic diversity and caters to the needs of crop breeders.
- At present, nearly 645 collections of different horticultural crops are cryopreserved.

## Farmer-Friendly Technologies

The  institute  has  developed  and  commercialized  several  farmers-friendly  technologies  for enhancing the yield and quality of various horticultural crops.

- Process for the production of organic formulation of bio-pesticide bioagent ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ) developed.
- Methyl eugenol pheromone traps for mango and guava fruit fly developed.
- Cuelure pheromone trap for cucurbit fruit fly developed.
- Neem and Pongamia soap as repellents developed.
- Use of neem cake for the management of insect pests of vegetables recommended.
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM) modules for major pests of fruits, vegetables and flower crops developed.
- Integrated Disease Management  (IDM)  modules  for major diseases of fruits, vegetables and flower cropsdeveloped.
- 'Dogridge', a salt and drought tolerant rootstock for grapes developed and recommended.
- Crop  specific  micronutrient  formulations  (specials)  for  banana,  citrus,  mango  and vegetables developed and commercialized.
- Nutrient feeding of banana bunches by delivering through nutrient blended cow dung developed.
- Arka microbial consortium for fruits and vegetable productiondeveloped.
- Arka cocopeat for nursery raising of fruits and vegetable seedlingsdeveloped.
- Seed pelleting of onion and tomatodeveloped.
- Technologies  for  protected  cultivation  of  tomato,  capsicum,  cucumber  and  lettuce have  been  standardized  and  transferred  to  State  Agri/Hort.  Departments  of  many states.
- Production of RTS beverages and flavoured wine from Muscat grapes to Coimbatore grape growers association, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu developed.
- Long term preservation of raw mango slices for pickling developed.
- Short term preservation of vegetable baby corn developed.
- Production of osmotically dehydrated fruits like mango, pineapple, papaya and aonla and mango fruit bar.
- Preparation of beverages of mango, pineapple and aonla was transferred.
- Hot water treatment of mango for uniform ripening developed.
- Low temperature storage of pineapples for long distance transport  developed.
- Ready to pluck (RTP) mushroom packs developed.

## Technology Spread

- The institute has released a number of improved varieties/ hybrids and technologies for  the  farmers  and  agrientrepreneurs  for  enhancing  the  income  and  livelihood support.
- In fruit  crops,  the  varieties  such  as  Dogridge  rootstock  (it  occupies  80% area of the grape growing areas), guava varieties (152 ha), papaya varieties (512 ha) and custard apple variety Arka Sahan (>500ha) have spread across the country.
- There are more than 120 varieties/hybrids released from IIHR of which the varieties in okra (Arka Anamika), tomato (Arka Rakshak), watermelon (Arka Manik), French Bean (Arka Komal), Pumpkin (Arka Chandan and Arka Suryamuki) are very popular among farmers.

## Extension

- The  institute realizing the  importance  of horticulture in livelihood security  and diversification of crops, has worked relentlessly towards the research in extension as well as the transfer  of  technology  through  'On  Farm  Trials-OFTs,  Front  Line Demonstrations (FLDs) and Lab to Land Programme and training for human resource development.
- The salient achievements includes 'Participatory Rural Appraisal' (PRA) for assessing the research needs in fruits, vegetables, flowers, medicinal and aromatic crops, seed science and technology, hybrid seed production in vegetable and ornamental crops, PHT, organic farming and marketing of horticultural crops.
- The activities  such  as  'Impact  Analysis  of  IIHR  Technologies',  'Farmer  Participation Action Research  Programme',  Organic  farming  practices  in  validation  process, Innovation Extension Methodology (mobile messaging, farmer field school, development of techno agents for promotion of sustainable horticultural activities, use of video conferencing for training and interaction with innovative farmers), Group and mass  communication  approaches  (  publications,  field  days,  exhibitions,  T.V.  and Radio, mobilization mass media support for sharing agroinformation, development of information system for IIHR technologies) are also undertaken.

## Quality Seed and Planting Material

- To meet the IIHR varieties seed and planting materials demand, the institute has a separate  vegetable  seed  unit  and  one  nursery  unit  each  for  fruits  and  ornamental crops.
- Besides,  IIHR  has  also  adopted  the  seed  village  concept  for  seed  multiplication  of IIHR  released  varieties,  which  solves  the  problem  of  isolation  in  case  of  crosspollinated crops and maintenance of genetic purity.
- This also assures availability of seed materials in the local areas as well as other parts of  the  area.  The  planting  materials  of  fruit  crops  such  as  mango,  guava,  jackfruit, annona, fig and citrus are multiplied and supplied to the needy farmers.
- On an average about 14-15 tonnes of certified seeds of different vegetable varieties hybrids  1-1.5  lakh  grafts  of  fruit  crops,  2-3  kg  hybrids  papaya  seeds  and  about  2-3 lakhs  numbers  of  planting  materials  in  ornamental  crops  are  sold  annually  to  the needy farmers.

- Improved  varieties :  Steps  taken  to  identify  suitable  varieties  and  standardization  of production  technologies.  Thrust  is  given  on  developing/breeding  improved  varieties, hybrids,  male  sterile  lines  (for  seed  production)  etc.  that  will  contribute  to  enhanced production.
- Genetic diversity : Future productivity is closely linked to conservation of genetic diversity and utilization of wild species for biotic and abiotic resistance. Conservation of fruits and vegetable genotypes form a part of this platform on biodiversity conservation.
- Protected cultivation : Research on protected cultivation for nursery production, vegetable production is underway.
- Micronutrient  formulation :  Use  of  micronutrient  formulation  and  development  of  cropspecific micronutrients in different fruits and vegetables production has been undertaken.
- Refinement :  Refinement  and  validation  of  production  and  protection  technologies  are continuous process for improvement and to boost cultivation.
- Planting material :  Multiplication of seed and planting material developed through public sector  is  carried  out  and  quality  seed  and  planting  material  is  made  available  to  the farmers.  Distribution  of  seed  and  quality  planting  materials  is  a  continuous  process  for enhanced productivity.
- Crop  Management  technologies: There  is  need  to  standardise  crop  production  and crop  protection  technologies  of  varieties  developed  and  to  develop  the  package  of practices for each and every crop.
- Post  harvest  management: Research  is  carried  out  on  post  harvest  technology  and value addition to reduce post harvest losses and bring produce under maximum utilization.
- Technologies  transfer/Commercialization/  MoUs: There is  need to transfer the technologies  developed  to  the  stakeholders  including  farmers.  Also  there  is  need  to commercialise  some  of  the  technologies.  In  every  sphere  of  technology  development through PPP mode there is need to sign MoU.
- Mobile apps and documentaries: To transfer technologies and making aware of these technologies, development of Mobile apps and production of documentaries are prerequisite and are developed.
- Custodian  farmers :  To  enhance  the  production  of  indigenous  fruits  and  vegetables, conservation  through  custodian  farmers,  documentation  and  evaluation  is  undertaken regularly.
- Scientists-farmers interface : Regular scientists-farmers interface meeting is organized on  different  crops  at  different  places  to  address  farmers'  problems  that  will  ultimately contribute to enhanced cultivation of fruits and vegetables.
- Human resource :  Today's  human resource (HR) development will contribute to future science and enhance production of fruits and vegetables. Steps are taken to impart more post graduate teaching and research to more number of students by expanding the post graduate research access to different parts of the country, eg. at IIHR, Bengaluru.
- Transfer  of  Technology : technologies are disseminated  to the farmers through AICRP/SAUs.

- Extension :  Frontline  extension  programmes  are  carried  out  to  reach  to  the  farmers. Training  and  skill  up-gradation  of  farmers  and  other  extension  officials  on  horticultural crops are also imparted.
- TSP/NEH : Besides, programmes under Tribal Sub plan (TSP) and programmes for North East Hills (NEH) are undertaken towards technology transfer and capacity building so that cultivation  and  production  of  fruits  and  vegetables  in  tribal  regions  and  in  NEH  can  be enhanced.

Further, these Institutes/Directorates/NRCs and AICRPs of ICAR under Horticultural Science Division take following steps to promote horticulture cultivation in the country:

- Organize Scientist  - farmer interface meetings, farmer's mela, exhibitions, advisory services etc.
- Reach  out  to  farming  community  through  diverse  ICT  Platforms  i.e  Mobile  Apps, Social media,
- The institute websites have 'Farmer's corner' exclusively for the farming community and Crop specific advisory services.
- Provide weekly status report on insect pest and diseases of various crops.
- Extension pamphlets in English, Hindi and other local languages, extension bulletins, Farmers advisory services, planting material availability, guide on nutritional disorders etc. are also available.
- Some Institutes have Facebook which are also utilized by many farmers for getting quick  information  about  their  queries  regarding  released  varieties,  planting  material availability and pest and diseases of crops.
- SMS service: SMS service is  also  available  to  alert  the  farmers  for  any  impending disasters or pest and disease out breaks.

[Part (f) of Lok Sabha U.S.Q.No.1162 dated 27/07/2021]

## IMPACT OF RESEARCH DURING THE LAST THREE YEARS

## 1. Varieties of Fruit Crops:

## · Rootstock, Canopy management and crop regulation of grapes

Dogridge rootstock was identified and introduced in 1997 and it is now adopted in > 90 per cent of the total grape cultivation i.e., in nearly 1,00,000 ha with the total benefit of Rs 6250 crores annually.

- In Guava ,  a pink flesh guava Arka Kiran was introduced and now spread in around 887.5  acres.  The  variety  has  been  adopted  in  10  states  of  Tamil  Nadu,  Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Pondicherry, Uttarakhand, Odisha and Kerala. Arka Kiran has also been licensed to 9 nurseries  and  KVKs  on  non-  exclusive  basis  for  further  commercialization  and generated  a  total  of  Rs.  7,08,000  lakhs  to  ICAR-  IIHR,  Bengaluru.  Generated  an estimated  income  of  Rs.  14.2  crores  from  320  ha  from  the  yielding  orchard  (since inception)  in  the  country.  Considering  the  total  area  covered  by  the  variety,  an estimated income of Rs 354 crores in the country per annum was generated during the last 5 years.

## 2. Varieties of Vegetable crops:

- In  Tomato ,  a  triple  disease  resistant  (ToLCV+BW+EB)  tomato  F1  hybrid Arka Rakshak was  introduced  in  2010  and  adopted  in  26  states  with  a  spread  of  nearly 7720 ha and the total benefit of this hybrid is about Rs. 661.5 crores per year. The income benefit of this hybrid is more than 35 per cent over other hybrids under similar situations. The parental Lines were licensed to 11 Private & public sector organizations/ companies.
- Male sterile  lines  in  Okra  and  Chilli: IIHR  is  globally  the  only  institute  to  develop GMS lines  in  Okra  and  licensed  to  over  25  companies  generating  50  lakh  rupees, covering a cropped area of around 1 lakh hectares by private sector hybrids developed using this source. Similarly, CGMS lines of chilli developed at IIHR and licensed to 11 companies and the hybrids using these lines are widely cultivated.

## 3. Varieties of flower crops

- In  Tuberose ,  ICAR-IIHR variety Arka Prajawal ,  which  was  introduced  in  2009,  has spread in more than 38 per cent of tuberose area (nearly in 2805 ha) of India and at present benefiting Rs 280.50 crores to the economy annually.
- Marigold Hybrid - Arka Bangara-2 has been accepted well across the country in the segment of Gold yellow colour and big flowers. ICAR-IIHR has also licensed the hybrid to nurserymen of Maharashtra and Karnataka for mass multiplication.

## 4. Biofertilizers and Bio pesticides:

- Arka  Microbial  Consortium  (AMC) , a product  of  ICAR-IIHR,  Bengaluru  was introduced  in  2014  and  now  applied  in  46000  acres  in  various  horticultural  crops

including pepper has helped for plant health management and benefit to these crops to the extent of Rs 138 crores.

## 5. IPM and INM Technologies:

- Crop  Specific  Foliar  Nutrient  Formulations  like  Banana  Special,  Mango  special, Vegetable special were developed and licensed to 12 companies and 38 KVKs with gross realizations of Rs720 crores. These are expected to increase 15 per cent yield and 24 per cent income per ha as per experimental data.
- Mango  fruit  fly  Pheromone  trap  and  Light-based  trap  for  Tuta  of  tomato  were developed at IIHR and these technologies are widely used in over 3 lakh ha in Mango belts of Chittor and Krishnagiri and tomato belt of Kolar helping to realise 15 to 20 % higher returns. The total benefit from these technologies is estimated to be 360 crores over last 10 years.

## 6. Vegetable Seed Villages

- A total of 41.733 tonnes of breeder seeds of 85 open pollinated varieties and 12 F1 Hybrids  from  21  vegetable  crops  have  been  distributed  to  farmers  and  other  stake holders  covering  an  area  of  14,000  ha  (OP)  and  8000  ha  (F1  Hybrids),  respectively during the last three years.

## 7. Protocols developed:

- ICAR-IIHR  has  been  involved  in  preparation  and  notification  of  DUS  guidelines  of PPVFRA  in  31  horticultural  crops.  During  the  last  5  years  DUS  test  has  been conducted for 571 entries of these crops, for grant of PPVFRA registration.

## 8. Seed Portal:

- An  online  Seed  portal  for  purchasing  seed  of  IIHR  varieties  from  any  part  of  the country has been created (https://seed.iihr.res.in/). A total of 5600 transactions valued at 47 lakh rupees was carried out during the last 6 months.

## 9. Improvement  in  productivity,  Quality  of  Produce  with  safety  and  Stakeholders 'relevance

- The Institute  has  established  a  Food  Safety  Referral  Laboratory  (FSRL)  in  the  year 2017  with  funding  by  ICAR.  The  laboratory  has  been  accredited  by  the  National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) as per ISO/IEC 17025: 2017for testing of pesticide residues, heavy metals, Sudan dyes and microbial pathogens  in  horticultural  produce  and  in  water.  It  is  a  multidisciplinary  facility  for testing  of  food  for  chemical  as  well  as  biological  contaminants.  176  samples  have been tested during the last 3 years. This is helping farmers export their produce.

## 10. Expected Increase in income of stakeholders:

## · Promotion of IIHR varieties and technologies in North Eastern India increased net income of farmers

Under  NEH  programme  of  the  institute,  many  new  varieties  and  hybrids  along  with improved production technologies and technological products were disseminated in all 8 states  of  NEH  region.  During  2018-19  and  2019-20  a  total  number  of  43  KVKs  and 8developmental departments (Horticulture and Agriculture) and 5 SAU's of these 8 states were covered with  2768 front line demonstrations in 28 crops with 40 varieties / hybrids and 8 technological products in area of 667.79 acres.

The impact of these programmes was clearly visible in all states in terms of increased yield (65 - 230% in > 20 verities), improved quality (>40 -65%), increased availability of

fresh vegetables (>8 moths/year), increased net- income (Rs.1.20 lakhs to Rs.4.80 lakhs per  acre)  with  increased  B:C  ratio  (1.65:1  to  4.51:1)  in  different  varieties  of  vegetable crops.

## 11. Contribution to Export Earnings

- Grape  is  one  of  the  important  export-oriented  fruit  crops  of  India  and  the  direct  total economic  surplus/benefits  since  adoption  of  Dogridge  rootstock  along  with  canopy management and crop regulation for raising grape crops from 1996-97 was Rs 15,212 crores (23 years) at 2018 prices. Exports of fresh grapes earned a foreign exchange of US  $  334.91  million  (Rs  2,335  crores)  while  exports  of  raisins  earned  US  $  26.217 million during 2018. Nearly 90 per cent of these exports are based on the fruits obtained from grapes cultivated on Dogridge rootstock.
- Rose onion variety Arka Bindu developed by IIHR is being cultivated in an area of 4000 ha in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka which is being exclusively exported earning foreign exchange worth Rs.320 lakhs annually.
- A total  of  100  tonnes of  tomato  (Arka  Rakshak) fruits  are  being  exported  annually  to Bangladesh and Middle East @ Rs.60/- per kg which is equivalent to Rs.600 lakhs.

## 12. Entrepreneurship and Employment generation

- A total of 15 start-ups have been incubated at IIHR during the last three years providing employment to 59 persons.

## 13. Ecosystem services

- Established a 500-micron hdpe lined water harvesting tank (25.00 Lakhs litre capacity) from  the  0.80  ha  polyhouse  area as  a  model  for  water  harvesting. IIHR  provided technical  specifications  for  such  farm  pond  lining  to  Karnataka  State  Horticulture Department to prepare subsidy schemes. This technology has spread to over 1.18lakh ponds  in  Karnataka  with  support  of  subsidy  by  State  govt  especially  to  horticultural farmers.
14. Research  Publications: A  total  of  876  research  papers,  142  technical  bulletins,  172 book  chapters,  164  popular  articles,  53  pamphlets  were  published  during  the  last  five years by IIHR.
15. Service  functions: Advisory  services  to  stakeholders/online  services  developed  and provided regularly.

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