Lok Sabha Question No. 2398 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-01
Subject: Various Tribal Schemes
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: Parvesh Sahib Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- 2398

TO BE ANSWERED ON- 01/08/2022

## VARIOUS TRIBAL SCHEMES

2398. SHRI PARVESH SAHIB SINGH VERMA:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  is  taking  any  steps  to  preserve  and  sustain  tribal  knowledge systems in India and if so details thereof;
- (b) the steps taken by the Government with regard to Tribal healthcare in recent years;
- (c) the steps taken by the Government with regard to Tribal Education in recent years;
- (d)  the  list  of  existing  schemes/programs/initiatives/  policies  with  regard  to  tribal  welfare  in India?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SMT. RENUKA SINGH SARUTA)

- (a): Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs  is  implementing  the  schemes  of  'Support  of  Tribal  Research Institute'  and  'Tribal  Research,  Information,  Education,  Communication  and  Events  (TRIECE)',    under which various activities are undertaken to preserve and sustain tribal knowledge systems as enumerated below:
- (i)  Research studies/publication of books/documentation including audio visual documentaries on promotion of rich tribal cultural heritage.
- (ii) Tribal cultural exchange programmes
- (iii) Research  and  documentation  of  Indigenous  practices  by  tribal  healers   and  medicinal plants, Adivasi  Languages,  agriculture  system,  dances  and  paintings,  organization  of  literary festivals, publication of books written by tribal writers/ authors, translation  works and literature competitions, etc.
- (iv).  To  acknowledge the heroic and patriotic deeds of tribal people, Ministry has sanctioned setting  up  10  Tribal  Freedom  Fighters  Museum.  These  museum  will  also  exhibit  rich  tribal cultural heritage of the region.

(v).  To preserve and promote  rich tribal cultural heritage and also to create awareness among others,  searchable  digital  repositories  has  been  developed  where  all  research  papers,  books, reports  and  documents,  folks  songs,  photos/videos  are  uploaded  The  repository  currently  has more than 10,000 photographs, videos and publications which are mostly done by TRIs. The repositories can be visited at https://repository.tribal.gov.in/ (Tribal Digital Document Repository) and https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ (Tribal Repository).

(vi). Ministry  gives funding to TRIFED for organizing Adi Mahotsav festival at National level and  State  level.   State  level  festivals  like  Hornbill  festival  of  Nagaland,  Medaram  Jatra  of Telangana are funded through TRI scheme.

(vii) TRIFED organizes Tribal Artisan Melas (TAMs) to   identify   new   artisans   and   new products   at   the sourcing level in States/Districts/Villages for expanding the tribal producers base.

Sample list of studies to preserve and sustain tribal knowledge systems undertaken by Tribal Research Institutes are at Annexure-I .

(b): Government   has  taken  /  is  taking  various  measures  for  providing  better  health  services across country including tribals. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna (PMJAY) Ayushman Bharat, with its two components of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) and Pradhan Mantri Jan  Arogya  Yojana  (PMJAY),  addresses  disparity  in  access  and  reduces  out  of  pocket expenditure  for  secondary  and  tertiary  care  hospitalization  for  40%  of  India's  population. National Health Mission (NHM) is creating a network of 1,50,000 HWCs by upgrading existing Sub  Centres  (SCs)  and  Primary  Health  Centres  (PHCs)  to  provide  Comprehensive  Primary Health Care (CPHC), which is universal and free to all those who access public health facilities. Further, Government implements Anganwadi Services Scheme, POSHAN Abhiyaan, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana and Scheme for Adolescent Girls under the Umbrella Integrated Child  Development  Services  Scheme  (ICDS)  as  targeted  interventions  for  Children  under  6 years, Pregnant Women  and  Lactating Mothers and Adolescent Girls, throughout the country.MoTA  does  not  have  any  dedicated  and  specific  scheme  for  tribal  health.  However, grants  are  given  to  states  under  Grants  under  Article  275(1)  based  on  the  demand  of  the State/UT and tto Voluntary Organizations to fill the critical gaps as per Annexure-II .

(c)  &  (d): Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs  is  the  nodal  Ministry  for  overall  policy,  planning  and coordination  of  programmes  for  development  of  STs.This  Ministry  has  been  implementing several  schemes  relating  to  welfare  including   education  of  Scheduled  Tribes  like  Pre-Matric Scholarship, Post Matric Scholarship, National Fellowship & Scholarship for Higher Education and  National  Overseas  Scholarships  for  ST  Candidates  for  Studying  Abroad  to  enable  ST students & scholars in their education from 9th class to PhD in India and abroad.

The details of schemes being implemented by Ministry for welfare including of tribals are as under:

- I. Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS) : It is a central sector scheme introduced in the year 1997-98 to provide quality education to Scheduled Tribes (ST) students (Class 6th to 12th) in remote areas through residential schools.  Ministry has revamped Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS) in 2018 and has decided to establish EMRSs in every block with more than 50% ST population and at least 20,000 tribal persons. As on date, 684 schools have been sanctioned by the Ministry, out of which 378 are functional.
- II. Pre-  Matric  Scholarship: Pre-Matric  Scholarship  Scheme  is  a  Centrally  Sponsored Scheme under which financial assistance is provided to ST students studying in classes IX and X.
- III. Post  Matric  Scholarship :  Post-Matric  Scholarship  Scheme  is  a  Centrally  Sponsored Scheme under  which  financial  assistance  is  provided  to  ST  students  studying  beyond class X.
- IV. National  Fellowship  and  Scholarship  for  Higher  Education  of  ST  Students: The scheme provides financial assistance  or pursuing MPhil and PhD in Universities and for perusing graduate and post graduate  courses in top 246 Institutes like IIT/AIIMS etc .
- V. National  Overseas  Scholarship  (NOS)  to  the  ST  Students  for  Studies  Abroad: Under  the  Scheme,  financial  assistance  is  provided  to  20  ST  students  every  year  for pursuing higher studies abroad.( The funds allocated under the schemes exclusively for educational development of STs during the past three years are at Annexure-III .)
- VI. Support to Tribal Research Institute (TRI): This scheme aims to strengthen TRIs to carry out research, documentation, training and capacity building activities and serve as a  knowledge  hub  catering  to  overall  tribal  development.  Tribal  museums  are  also established under this scheme.
- VII. Tribal Research, Information, Education, Communication and Events (TRI-ECE) : The  purpose  of  scheme  is  to  create  replicable  models  in  areas  of  education,  health, livelihood,  digital  governance  etc.   Under  the  scheme  reputed  organizations,  research institutes,  universities  where  expertise  exist  and  which  have  already  made  a  mark  by carrying out pioneering research in their respective field are provided financial support in critical areas. Scheme also has provision for organizing tribal festivals.
- VIII. Grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution of India :  Under this scheme, funds are released to States to enable them to meet the cost of such schemes of development as may  be  undertaken  by  the  State  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  welfare  of  Scheduled Tribes in that State or raising the level of administration of Scheduled Areas therein to that of the administration of the rest of the areas of that State.
- IX. Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojna (PMAAGY): 'Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram  Yojna  (PMAAGY)',   aims  at  providing  Basic  Infrastructure  in  36428  villages with significant tribal population having at least 50% tribal population and 500 STs in convergence with Central STC and State TSP funds.
- X. Aid  to  Voluntary  Organizations  working  for  the  welfare  of  Scheduled  Tribes: Ministry has been funding Voluntary Organizations (VOs) including NonGovernmental  Voluntary  Organizations  (NGOs)  working  in  tribal  Hilly,  remote  and border areas for projects in Education, Health and Livelihood. .
- XI. Venture  Capital  Fund  (VCF)  for  Scheduled  Tribes: From  the  year  2021-22,  the scheme of 'Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Tribes' (VCF-ST) has been taken up by the Ministry with a corpus fund of ₹50.00 crore for a period of five years for promoting entrepreneurship/start-up projects by ST youth.
- XII. Pradhan  Mantri  Jan  Jatiya  Vikas  Mission  (PMJVM): This  scheme  has  been conceptualized  with  the  merger  of  two  schemes  i.e.  (i)  'Mechanism  for  Marketing  of Minor  Forest  Produce  through  Minimum  Support  Price  and  Development  of  Value Chain  for  MFP  (MSP  for  MFP)'  and  (ii)  'Institutional  Support  for  Development  and Marketing  of  Tribal  Products'.  PMJVM  seeks  to  achieve  livelihood  driven  tribal development through quality input, technology, credit and better marketing access etc.
- XIII. Development  of  Particularly  Vulnerable  Tribal  Groups  (PVTGs): This  scheme adopts  a  habitat  level  development  approach  to  improve  the  quality  of  life  through intervention  in  housing,  drinking  water,  education  and  health  services,  livelihood support, and cultural aspects.

## Annexure-I referred to in reply to part (a) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.2398 for answer on 01.08.2022

Sample list of studies to preserve tribal knowledge system undertaken by State Tribal Research Institutes

|   S. No. | State          | Details of research study                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
|----------|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|        1 | Telangana      | Research studies on the ethnographic profiles of Lambadis, Kondareddis and Nayak tribes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|        2 | Andhra Pradesh | 13 Ethnographic studies have been completed on tribal communities namely Bagata, Gadaba, Konda Kapus, Goudu, Kotia, Rona/Rena, Bhil, Malis, Parangiporja, Kattunayakan, Dhulia, Yanadis and Porja.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
|        3 | Odisha         | i. 'Indigenous Knowledge on Selection, Sustainable Utilization of Local Flora and Fauna for Food by Tribes (PTG) Of Odisha: A Potential Resource for Food and Environmental Security' covering Juang, Hill Kharia, Mankirdia, DangriaKandha and LanjiaSaora PVTG communities in JDA,Gonasika,Banspal Block, Keonjhar district, HKMDA,Jashipur block, Mayurbhanj district, DKDA, Parsali, Kalyansingpur Block, Rayagada district and LSDA, Seranga, Guma Block, Gajapati district. ii. 'Indigenous knowledge for management of land and water resources of the Tribes of south Odisha and Andhra Pradesh' covering Lanjia Saora and Dongaria Kondh of Odisha and Koda PVTG of Andhra Pradesh in DKDA, Chatikona, Rayagada district, LSDA, Puttasing, Rayagada District and Pateru Mandal, Paderu ITDA iii. 'Indigenous ethno-medicinal practices among the Kandha and Santal of Odisha' covering Kandha and Santhala Communities of Odisha in Kandhamal, Rayagada, Mayurbhanj & Keonjhar districts of Odisha. |
|        4 | Gujarat        | i. Bhils of the Dang ii. Nayak - Nayakadas of Gujarat iii. Chaudhari Tribe of Gujarat iv. Gamit - A Cultural Study v. Dhanka Tribe - In the ages of changes vi. The Siddis of Gujarat vii. Kotwaliya - Socio - Anthropological Study viii. Pateliaya - Socioeconomic Study ix. Paradhi - Socioeconomic Study x. Vasava of Gujara                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |

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|   5. | Rajasthan    | i. "Dakshini Rajasthan Ki Bhil Janjati ki Sanskritik Parampara mein Sangeet Aur Vivechan" ii. Customary Laws of Marriage in Bhil and Garasiya tribe iii. "Garasia Paramparik Sansthayein evam Badalte Huye Parivesh" iv. "Bhilon me Bhagat Parampara": Ek Adhyan v. "Garasia Janjati mein Kala evan Hast Shilp " vi. Social and cultural status of the Saharias vii. The Sahariyas: A primitive Schedule Tribe viii. Garasia: Social Structure and Social Movement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
|------|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|    6 | Chhattisgarh | A. Following anthropological studies on tribal communities across the State of Chhattisgarh: i. Oraon, Dhanwar, Saunta, Nagwanshi, Binjhwar, Bharia, Bhaina, Kanwar, Hill Korwa, Biyar, Majhwar, Majhi, Birhor in Northern Chhattisgarh ii. Pardhi, Rajgond, Kandra, Kondh, Baiga, Kamar, Bhunjia, Pardhi in Central Chhattisgarh iii. Dhurwa, Dorla, Gond, Abujh Maria in Southern Chhattisgarh B. Monographs on cultural aspects on tribal communities across the State of Chhattisgarh: i. Oraon, Hill Korwa, Binjhwar, Majhwar, Khairwar, Kharia in Northern Chhattisgarh ii. Baiga, Bhunjia, Kamar in Central Chhattisgarh iii. Gond, Halba in Southern Chhattisgarh C. Research reports on arts, paintings of tribal communities across the State of Chhattisgarh: i. Hill Korwa, Korwa, Nagesia, Munda, Khairwar, Oraon, Birhor, Kanwar, Bharia, Binjhwar, Dhanwar, Pando, Bhaina in Northern Chhattisgarh ii. Baiga, Kol, Kandra, Agariya, Kamar, Bhunjia, Sawara, Kondh, Pardhi, Rajgond in Central Chhattisgarh iii. Dandami Maria, Dorla, Dhurwa, Parja, Pardhan, Halba, Gond, Muria, Abujh Maria, Bhattra in Southern Chhattisgarh |

## Annexure-II

## Annexure-II referred to in reply to part (b) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.2398 for answer on 01.08.2022

Fund approved/released for Health and Nutrition under Article 275(1):

| Health &Nutrition   | Health &Nutrition           |
|---------------------|-----------------------------|
| Years               | Fund Approved (Rs. In lakh) |
| 2018-19             | 11563.86                    |
| 2019-20             | 9945.12                     |
| 2022-21             | 10611.61                    |
| 2021-22             | 7692.02                     |

Funds given to NGOs for Project of Mobile Dispensary / 10 or more bedded hospitals

| Years   | Fund Released (Rs. in Cr.) No. of NGOs No of Projects   |
|---------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| 2019-20 | 14.64 46 73                                             |
| 2020-21 | 12.24 42 56                                             |
| 2021-22 | 12.95 25 79                                             |

## Annexure-III referred to in reply to part (c) & (d) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.2398 for answer on 01.08.2022

The funds allocated under the schemes exclusively for educational development of STs during the past three years are as under:

(Rs. in crores)

| S.   | Scheme                                                          | Allocation of Fund (BE)   | Allocation of Fund (BE)   | Allocation of Fund (BE)   |
|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------|
| No.  |                                                                 | 2019-20                   | 2020-21                   | 2021-22                   |
| 1.   | Model Residential School (EMRS) 2662.55*                        | 1200.00                   | 1418.04                   | Eklavya                   |
| 2.   | National Fellowship and Scholarship for Higher 100.00           |                           | 120.00 150.00             | Education of ST Students  |
| 3.   | National Overseas Scholarship (NOS) to the ST Students for 2.00 | 4.76                      | 3.00                      | Studies Abroad            |
| 4.   | 340.00                                                          | 250.00                    | 400.00                    | Pre- Matric Scholarship   |
| 5.   | Post Matric Scholarship                                         | 1613.50                   | 1833.00 1993.00           |                           |

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