Lok Sabha Question No. 2945 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-03
Subject: Advance Warning System to Check Disasters
Ministry: EARTH SCIENCES
Asked by: Mohan Mandavi, Chunni Lal Sahu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES LOKSABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2945 TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, 3 RD AUGUST, 2022

## ADVANCE WARNING SYSTEM TO CHECK DISASTERS

- +2945. SHRI MOHAN MANDAVI: SHRI CHUNNI LAL SAHU:

Will the Minister of EARTH SCIENCES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has made an assessment of impact of en,ironm ntal and climate change on the remote and hilly areas of Chhattisgarh;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government has installed any advance warning system to prev nt the devastation which might be caused by calamities as a result thereof;
- (d) if so, the details in this regard;
- (e) whether any concrete steps have been taken in this regard;
- (t) if so, the details thereof; and
- (g) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHAR E) FO MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a)-(b) India Meteorological Department (IMD) has studied and investigated the 0 served changes of rainfall patterns and its extremes in the recent 30 years in different states fnd districts in the country including Chhattisgarh, as a part of assessment of impact Of 1 nVironmentai and climate change. 29 Reports of states and UTs on "Observed Rainfalljwaria ility and Changes" have been published by IMD in January 2020. The reports are also av ilable 0 the public on the IMD Pune website

https:llimdpune.gov.inlhydrology/rainfall%20variabilitv%20page/rain all%2 I trend.html).

The highlights of the report are given below;

1

J

- ~ Five states viz., Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Meghalaya nd N aland have shown significant decreasing trends in southwest monsoon rainfall dbring ~ e recent 30 years period (1989-2018). I
- ~ The annual rainfall over these five states along with the states of Aru achal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh also show significant decreasing trends.
- ~ Other states do not show any significant changes in southwes mon oon rainfall during the same period.
- ~ Considering district-wise rainfall, there are many districts in the c untry, which show significant changes in southwest monsoon and annual rainfall ~Uringthe recent 30 years period (1989-2018). With regard to the frequency of heavy rainf II days, significant increasing trend is observed over Saurashtra& Kutch, Southe stem parts of Rajasthan, Northern parts of Tamil Nadu, Northern parts of Andhra Pradesh an adjoining areas of Southwest Odisha, many parts of Chhattisgarh, Southwest Mad ya Pradesh, West Bengal, Manipur & Mizoram, Konkan& Goa and Uttarakhand.

The trend in Frequency of heavy rainfall days during monsoon for given in Figure below. (1989-2018) is

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- (c) - (d) IMD issues forecasts and warnings related to extreme weather Disaster Management Authorities as well as general public ~hr,("\l1('rh necessary preparedness and to support mitigation measures.

IMD follows a seamless forecasting strategy. The long-range the whole season) issued are being followed with extended range forecast issued on with a validity period of four weeks. To follow up the extended range forecast, short to medium range forecast and warnings daily valid up to next five days with an UUl,lU\.,1\_ subsequent two days. The short to medium range forecast and warning at district and level are issued by state level Meteorological Centres (MCs)/Regional Meteorological (RMCs) with a validity of next five days and are updated twice a day. The short to range forecast is followed by very short range forecast of severe weather up to three ) for all the districts and 1089 cities and towns. These nowcasts are updated every

Forecast is issued for 36 meteorological sub-divisions from Nation I Wefther Forecasting Centre, !MD HQ and is updated four times a day. The forecasts and nowcasts are issued at District Level and Station Level by State Level Meteorological centrrl s and Regional Meteorological Centres.

While issuing the warning suitable colour code is used to bring out the impact of the severe weather expected and to signal the Disaster Management about the co rse of action to be taken with respect to impending disaster weather event. Green color corresponds tl no warning hence no action is needed, yellow color corresponds to be watchful and get updated information, orange color to be alert and be prepared to take action whereas red color signal~ to ta action.

IMD started issuing Impact Based Forecast (IBF) recently which Jive d tails of what the weather will do rather than what the weather will be. It contains the derails 0 impacts expected from the severe weather elements and guidelines to general public about do'~ and don'ts while getting exposed to severe weather. These guidelines are finalised in cohaboration with National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and is already implemented IsucceJsfully for cyclone, heat wave, thunderstorm and heavy rainfall. Work is in progress to implement the same for other severe weather elements.

Meteorological Centre at Raipur provides forecast and warning fer Chhattisgarh State. It provides impact based forecast & warnings for all the 27 districts d~ilYv~lid upto next five days. It also provides location specific forecast for 19 locations. provides district level nowcast and states level nowcast for 33 locations for all severe weather

- (e) -(f) In order to enhance the weather monitoring and forecasting capabilities of the country including capacity building and upgradation of technology, various programs a~e bein implemented in IMD under the umbrella scheme "Atmosphere & Climate Research-Mo elling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS)" of the MoES. There are 4 sub-~chem~s of IMD under ACROSS namely, Atmospheric Observation Network (AON), Upgrad 1 tion o~Forecast System (UFS), Weather & Climate Services (WCS) and Commissioning I f Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radars (DWR).

## Major progress already made under ACROSS-IMD follow:

- IMD's DWR network has expanded to 33 DWRs (including DIs fro~ ISRO) across the country to support monitoring & forecasting of severe weather likl thunrrstorm, hailstorm, lightning, squall, heavy rain and cyclone etc.
- The network of upper air observatories has been enhanced and i comprise of 56 Radiosonde/ Radiowind and 62 Pilot balloon observatories at present to Ieasure the vertical profile of meteorological elements viz., temperature, wind and hu1idity.
- IMD maintains 216 Surface Observatories, 918 Automatic \}'eathe Stations (AWS) Network (inclusive of 198 Agro-AWS) and 1382 Automatic Rain Gauge Stations (ARG) Network and 34 High Wind Speed Recording systems along east a d we t coast.
- Satellite derived products are augmented with establishment 0 Mul i Mission Data Receiving and Processing System. The system was dedicated to the natio on 15th January, 2021.
- Installation of Frangible mast, Current Weather Instrument System (CWI ) and PC based display completed at 39 airports and will be extended to 72 airport in neer future. All the remaining airports and upcoming airports under UDAN scheme Iwill be equipped with fran?ible masts and CWIS in next five years to provide quality r· viation meteorological service, I"
- Advance observing systems such as Wind Lidar/Wind Profiler and ¥icr01ave Radiometers to detect and nowcast aviation hazards & weather extremes e.g., t,ick fqg, gust wind etc. and facilitate more precise management of take-off and landing OPerationsto be introduced at major airports. . . . 1 .
- About 198 Agro-AWS have been installed at District Agromet Un ts (DAMUs) 10 KrishiVigyanKendras (KVKs) premises which have soil moisture and soil temperature sensors additionally. T
- Experimental block level agromet advisories are issued for ~300~ bloc s covering ~355 districts of the country at present. Issuance of Block level weathdr fore ast and Agromet Advisory Service Bulletins is expected to increase to 5000 bloc s in 2022 and uptopanchayat level by 2024.
- Mausam and Meghdoot mobile apps launched. Using this App, ffrmers can get Weather observations and forecast, Weather based crop and livestock-sperific a rometeorological advisories in English and regional language for their districts.
- Noteworthy improvement has been made in track and intensity forec t of the tropical cyclones, due to which the loss of life due to Tropical Cyclones ~as been reduced significantly to less than 100 during recent cyclones. r I
- High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model is operationalized ip exper.imental mode for three domains (Northwest India, East &North-East India and ~outh I~eninsular India) covering the entire mainland of India. HRRR model is run with Radar Data Assimilation at 2km horizontal resolution to provide Nowcast guidance and ~rodud.: hourly forecast products for next 12 hours. I I
- Location specific Meteograms for 751 districts and 658 stations of ~ndia ~nd 491 stations of SAARC countries, 1000 National Agriculture Market (eNAM), 7000 Bl1ckS are generated along with all meteorological Sub-Division based forecasts. f
- Different customized post-processed products based on NWP mo els a e being generated specifically for different sectorial applications including hydrolo y, heflth, environment, transport, power, agriculture, cyclone, thunderstorm, heat/cold wave, fog tc.
- Web GIS Portal has been developed for real time monitoring ahd for casting of severe weather events like cyclone, heat wave, cold wave and heavy rainfJil.
- For capacity building, several trainings, workshops, seminars etc. ~re org nized on a regular basis.
- Doesn't arise.

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