Lok Sabha Question No. 775 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-02-07
Subject: Poverty Eradication Schemes
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: M. P. Abdussamad Samadani

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 775 ANSWERED ON 07/02/2023

## POVERTY ERADICATION SCHEMES

## 775. DR. M.P. ABDUSSAMAD SAMADANI:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the  details  of  existing  schemes  for  poverty  eradication  being  implemented  by  the Government during the current financial year;
- (b) the details of studies conducted before implementing the said schemes; and
- (c) whether the Government considers the social economic conditions of each State while preparing the guidelines of various schemes and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SADHVI NIRANJAN JYOTI)

(a) & (b)  The following existing Schemes for poverty eradication are being implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development during the current financial year:

## i. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA)

In  order  to  provide  minimum  guarantee  employment  to  rural  poor  Mahatma  Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted in 2005 based on the  experience  gained  from  National  Rural  Employment  Programme,  Rural  Landless Employment Guarantee Programme, Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana implemented by the Central Government and experience gained under Employment Guarantee Scheme of Maharashtra.

MGNREGA is a demand driven wage employment programme which provide for the enhancement of livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. It provides livelihood security, i.e. fall back options for livelihood for the rural households, when no better employment opportunity is available.

## ii. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G)

The erstwhile rural housing scheme, Indira Awaas Yojana had been restructured  into Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G) with effect from 1 st April, 2016, to address the gaps in the previous housing schemes.

In order to achieve the target of 'Housing for All' in rural areas, the Ministry of Rural Development is implementing Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G) with effect from 1 st April, 2016 to provide assistance to eligible rural households with overall target  to  construct  2.95  crore  pucca  houses  with  basic  amenities  by  March,  2024.  The PMAY-G  aims  to  provide  assistance  to  eligible  rural  households  identification  and selection  of  those  households  is  based  on  the  housing  deprivation  parameters  and inclusion/exclusion  criteria  prescribed  under  Socio  Economic  Caste  Census  (SECC), 2011 and new survey Awaas+ 2018 conducted to identify eligible households left out of SECC 2011.

## iii.  Deendayal  Antyodaya  Yojana  -  National  Rural  Livelihoods  Mission  (DAYNRLM)

DAY-NRLM  is  a  flagship  poverty  alleviation  program  implemented  by  this  Ministry which  aims  to  reduce  poverty  by  enabling  the  poor  household  to  access  gainful  selfemployment  and  skilled  wage  employment  opportunities  resulting  in  sustainable  and diversified livelihood options for the poor. This is one of the world's largest initiatives to improve the livelihoods of the poor. The Mission seeks to achieve its objective through investing  in  four  core  components  viz.,  (i)  social  mobilization  and  promotion  and strengthening of self-managed and financially sustainable community institutions of the rural  poor  women;  (ii)  financial  inclusion;  (iii)  sustainable  livelihoods;  and  (iv)  social inclusion, social development and access to entitlements through convergence.

National  Rural  Livelihoods  Mission  was  taken  up  after  a  study  conducted  by  the Radhakrishna  Committee.  This  Ministry  constituted  a  Committee  on  Credit  Related Issues under Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in April 2008 to analyze the constraints in the adequate flow of credit to Self-Help Groups of SGSY and to suggest measures and strategies for promoting effective credit linkages to the Self-help Groups. The  Committee  recommended  the  creation  of  a  national  agency,  namely, National Rural  Livelihood Mission (NRLM) for rapid increase in the coverage of rural poor households under self-employment.  This was subsequently renamed as Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM).

## iv. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) and    Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs)

There are two skill development programmes for rural poor youth under DAY-NRLM, namely,  Deen  Dayal  Upadhyaya  Grameen  Kaushalya  Yojana(DDU-GKY)  and  Rural Self  Employment  Training  Institutes  (RSETIs).  Both  these  schemes  are  aimed  at increasing employability of rural poor youth either for wage or self-employment.

- a)  Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) which  is  a placement  linked  skill  development  program  for  wage  employment.  DDUGKY  is  a demand driven placement linked skilling initiative. The training being imparted to the youths  under  DDU-GKY  is  based  on  the  qualification  packs  approved  by  National Skills  Qualification  Committee  and  as  per  the  guidelines  of  DDUGKY.  This programme is run on public private partnership (PPP) mode through States wherein Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs), which are mostly private entities, implement DDUGKY programme in the State.  In  the  programme  training  is  imparted  for  616 different job roles. Under the programme, placement of the trained candidate is to be arranged  by  Project  Implementing  Agency  (PIA).  DDU-GKY  guidelines  mandate  a minimum of 70% placement of total trained candidates.
- b) Skill development through Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs). RSETI is a Bank led MoRD funded training institution established by the

Sponsor  Banks  in  their  Districts,  to  provide  training  for  skill  and  entrepreneurship development. MoRD extends financial support for the construction of RSETI building and also bears the cost of training the Rural Poor candidates. Any unemployed youth in the age group of 18-45 years having an aptitude to take up self-employment or wage employment  and  having  some  basic  knowledge  in  the  related  field  can  undergo training at RSETI. A trained candidate can also avail Bank credit for starting his/her own micro-enterprise. Some of such trainees may also seek regular salaried jobs.

Apart from this, this Department is also implementing the following Schemes/Programmes which also contribute in reduction of poverty:

## i. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

The Government of India, as a part of the poverty reduction strategy, launched the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) on 25th December, 2000 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to assist the states, through 'Rural Roads'.  PMGSY roads address the issues of poverty,  hunger  and  infrastructure  for  growth.  The  roads  increase  access  to  market  and livelihood  opportunities,  health  and  education  facilities . Connectivity  created  by  PMGSY roads has been able to bring about socio- economic change in the life of the poor, thereby reducing the gap as compared to other sections of the society.

## ii. Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM)

Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) was launched on 21st February 2016 with a view to organize rural areas in selected clusters which are socially, economically and physically sustainable regions by providing economic, social and infrastructure amenities, which in turn leads to sustainable and balanced regional development in the country. 300 Rurban clusters with thematic economic growth points have been approved to be developed across the country under this innovative Mission in a stipulated time period. The SPMRM is especially designed for holistic development of clusters and to ensure an optimum level of development.  Based  on  the  need  of  the  clusters,  different  activities  are  being  taken  for holistic development of clusters from the above mentioned components with a major focus on  income  generating  activities.  SPMRM  thus,  tackles  poverty  in  a  systematic  manner, providing sustainable and long lasting solutions.

(c)    In  most  of  the  schemes/porgrammes,  backwardness/deprivation  parameters  prescribed under Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC), 2011 have been taken into consideration for framing policy guidelines. While implementing the schemes and framing scheme guidelines, due preference has been given to difficult States/UTs, socially and economically backward communities. Special emphasis has been  given on coverage of vulnerable communities such as  North-Eastern  States,  Scheduled  Castes,  Scheduled  Tribes,  Minorities,  Women,  Persons with  Disabilities  (PwDs)  etc.  Wherever  feasible,  flexibility  is  provided  to  each  state  to prepare  its  annual  action  plan  based  on  its  unique  situation  and  requirements.   Enhanced Central  Share  of  funds  have  been  provided  under  various  Schemes  for  the  rural  people difficult States of North-Eastern region.

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