Lok Sabha Question No. 249 (STARRED), answered on 2022-03-21
Subject: Increasing Air Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Sunita Duggal, Chandra Sekhar Sahu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 249

TO BE ANSWERED ON 21.03.2022

## Increasing Air Pollution

## 249. SHRIMATI SUNITA DUGGAL: SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  had  monitored  the  factors  and  quantum  of  reduction  of  air pollution levels during the COVID lockdown;
- (b) if  so,  whether the Government had studied the same in depth to understand the various factors which contribute to pollution and the proportion of their contribution along with the  steps  taken  by  the  Government  to  convert  the  findings  of  the  study  into  evidencebased policy measure;
- (c) the  names  of  the  cities  or  regions  in  the  country  where  air  pollution  reportedly  has increased during the last two years along with the main reasons for deterioration in air quality therein;
- (d) whether the Environment Pollution Control and Prevention Authority has been implementing  the  graded  action  plan  to  tackle  pollution  level  in  various  cities  of  the country and if so, the details in this regard;and
- (e) whether the Government proposes any action plan to maintain the air quality in the cities which have major public health concerns and if so, the details thereof along with the steps taken or proposed to be taken by the Government to implement the aforesaid action plan in the country?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BHUPENDER YADAV)

- (a) to (e): Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARAS (a) TO (e) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  249  DUE  FOR  REPLY  ON  21.03.2022  REGRADING 'INCREASING  AIR  POLLUTION'RAISED  BY  SHRIMATI  SUNITA  DUGGAL  AND SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU, HON'BLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT

(a)

It has been reported that COVID-19 related lockdown has resulted in temporary improvement of  air  quality  in  many  cities  due  to  closure  of  industries,  reduction  in  number  of  vehicles plying  and  lack  of  construction  activities  etc.The  comparative  details  of  the  Air  Quality Index(AQI) for major cities in India is annexed as Annexure-I .

(b)

Major sources of pollution in Urban Settlement are vehicular emission, road dust, burning of biomass/  crop/  garbage/  Municipal  Solid  Waste,  landfills,  construction  activities,  industrial emission, etc.

Ministry  under  National  Clean  Air  Programme  (NCAP)  has  identified  132  Non-attainment cities (NACs). Source apportionment (SA) and Emission Inventory (EI) are part of the city specific action plan prepared forthe improvement of air quality in these NACs. Such scientific field-based  studies  are  carried  out  by  Institutions  of  Repute  andare  at  various  stages  of completion. The findings of these studies would assist in the formulation of evidence-based policy measures.

(c)

Analysis of ambient air quality data of Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) of 132 nonattainment / metropolitan cities indicated that PM10 concentration increased in 31 cities in 2020-2021  as  compared  to  2019-2020,  whereas  96  cities  showed  a  decrease  of  PM10 concentration (i.e. improvement  in  air  quality) and  04  cities revealed  no change  in concentration. The afore-mentioneddetails is annexed at Annexure-II .

(d)

'The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and Adjoining Areas'has been  constituted  under  "The  Commission  for  Air  Quality  Management  in  National  Capital Region  and Adjoining  Areas Act, 2021"  {29  of 2021}.  The  Environment  Pollution (Prevention  and  Control)  Authority  for  the  NationalCapital  Region  (EPCA)was  constituted under  section  3  of  the  Environment  (Protection)  Act,  1986  and  Ministry  vide  notification dated the 29th January, 1998 had entrusted the mandate to implement the Graded Response Action  (GRAP)  to  EPCA  for  NCR  Delhi.  EPCA  has  been  dissolved  after  constitution  of CAQM. Presently, GRAP in Delhi-NCR region is implemented by CAQM.

GRAP has been prepared in 117 cities and is implemented by City Level Committee.

## (e)6

The Government has launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 2019 as a nationallevel  strategy  to  maintain  air  quality  in  the  non-attainment  cities  i.e.  cities  where  the  air quality  has  been  consistently  worse  than  the  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards

(NAAQS)  for  the  past  5  years  i.e.  below  NAAQS  for  PM10(Particulate  matter  that  is  10 microns or less in diameter) or NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide)concentrations.

The  Government  has  taken  several  steps  for  mitigation  of  air  pollution  which  include  the introduction of BS-VI norms for fuel and vehicles since April, 2020, promotion of E-vehicles, expansion of network of Metro rails for public transport, cleaner fuel such as PNG, stringent emission  norms  for  industries  including  coal  based  Thermal  Power  Plants  (TPPs),  zig-zag technology for brick kilns, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for plastic and e-waste management,  real-time  monitoring  of  major  industrial  sectors,  etc.  Measures  taken  for  Air Quality Management is annexed as Annexure-III .

***

ANNEXURE-I ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 249 DUE FOR ANSWER ON 21.03.2022 REGARDING 'INCREASING AIR POLLUTION' RAISED BY SHRIMATI SUNITA DUGGAL AND SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU, HON'BLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT

Comparative AQI during 25 th March to 3 rd May of 2019& 2020 (first two phases of lockdown during 2020) for major cities in India

| City name   |   No. of days in Good- Satisfactory AQI |   No. of days in Good- Satisfactory AQI |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| City name   |                                    2019 |                                    2020 |
| Delhi       |                                       1 |                                      22 |
| Faridabad   |                                       0 |                                      13 |
| Ghaziabad   |                                       0 |                                      16 |
| Gurugram    |                                       2 |                                      19 |
| Noida       |                                       2 |                                      25 |
| Mumbai      |                                      34 |                                      40 |
| Kolkata     |                                      30 |                                      31 |
| Bengaluru   |                                       5 |                                      40 |
| Patna       |                                       5 |                                      17 |
| Chennai     |                                      35 |                                      40 |

ANNEXURE-II

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (c) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 249 DUE FOR ANSWER ON 21.03.2022 REGARDING 'INCREASING AIR POLLUTION' RAISED BY SHRIMATI SUNITA DUGGAL AND SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU, HON'BLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT

## Cities showing decreased concentration (96 cities) of PM10  - 2019-2020 & 2020-2021

| States / UTs     |     | Cities           | 2019-2020                                       | 2020-2021                                       |
|------------------|-----|------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| States / UTs     |     |                  | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 1.  | Vijayawada       | 57                                              | 56                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 2.  | Anantpur         | 60                                              | 58                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 3.  | Chittur          | 51                                              | 41                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 4.  | Eluru            | 64                                              | 58                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 5.  | Guntur           | 58                                              | 56                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 6.  | Kurnool          | 56                                              | 52                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 7.  | Nellore          | 67                                              | 56                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 8.  | Ongole           | 59                                              | 49                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 9.  | Vizhianagaram    | 68                                              | 63                                              |
| Assam            | 10. | Nagaon           | 92                                              | 90                                              |
| Assam            | 11. | Nalbari          | 75                                              | 57                                              |
| Assam            | 12. | Silchar          | 45                                              | 43                                              |
| Assam            | 13. | Sivasagar        | 55                                              | 48                                              |
| Bihar            | 14. | Patna            | 170                                             | 143                                             |
| Bihar            | 15. | Gaya             | 76                                              | 71                                              |
| Chandigarh       | 16. | Chandigarh       | 92                                              | 90                                              |
| Chhattisgarh     | 17. | Korba            | 54                                              | 46                                              |
| Chhattisgarh     | 18. | Durg Bhilainagar | 75                                              | 56                                              |
| Chhattisgarh     | 19. | Raipur           | 63                                              | 55                                              |
| Gujarat          | 20. | Rajkot           | 113                                             | 94                                              |
| Gujarat          | 21. | Surat            | 109                                             | 93                                              |
| Gujarat          | 22. | Vadodara         | 108                                             | 95                                              |
| Himachal Pradesh | 23. | Baddi            | 133                                             | 123                                             |
| Himachal Pradesh | 24. | Kala Amb         | 95                                              | 64                                              |
| Himachal Pradesh | 25. | Nalagarh         | 113                                             | 90                                              |
| Himachal Pradesh | 26. | Paonta Sahib     | 98                                              | 78                                              |
| Himachal Pradesh | 27. | Parwanoo         | 60                                              | 44                                              |
| Himachal Pradesh | 28. | Sunder Nagar     | 69                                              | 63                                              |
| Jharkhand        | 29. | Dhanbad          | 211                                             | 198                                             |
| Jharkhand        | 30. | Jamshedpur       | 138                                             | 96                                              |
| Jharkhand        | 31. | Ranchi           | 108                                             | 105                                             |
| Karnataka        | 32. | Bengaluru        | 73                                              | 62                                              |
| Karnataka        | 33. | Hubli-Dharwad    | 78                                              | 69                                              |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 34. | Bhopal           | 141                                             | 114                                             |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 35. | Gwalior          | 136                                             | 125                                             |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 36. | Jabalpur         | 111                                             | 106                                             |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 37. | Sagar            | 71                                              | 64                                              |

| States / UTs   |    | Cities          |   2019-2020 Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |   2020-2021 Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
|----------------|----|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Maharashtra    | 38 | Aurangabad      |                                                          76 |                                                          65 |
| Maharashtra    | 39 | Greater Mumbai  |                                                         106 |                                                          98 |
| Maharashtra    | 40 | Nagpur          |                                                          80 |                                                          68 |
| Maharashtra    | 41 | Nashik          |                                                          57 |                                                          51 |
| Maharashtra    | 42 | Pune            |                                                          81 |                                                          69 |
| Maharashtra    | 43 | Vasai virar     |                                                          99 |                                                          43 |
| Maharashtra    | 44 | Akola           |                                                          66 |                                                          54 |
| Maharashtra    | 45 | Amravati        |                                                          89 |                                                          58 |
| Maharashtra    | 46 | Badlapur        |                                                          88 |                                                          67 |
| Maharashtra    | 47 | Jalgaon         |                                                          57 |                                                          53 |
| Maharashtra    | 48 | Jalna           |                                                          95 |                                                          86 |
| Maharashtra    | 49 | Kolhapur        |                                                          95 |                                                          83 |
| Maharashtra    | 50 | Latur           |                                                          84 |                                                          54 |
| Maharashtra    | 51 | Navi Mumbai     |                                                          54 |                                                          52 |
| Maharashtra    | 52 | Solapur         |                                                          90 |                                                          79 |
| Maharashtra    | 53 | Ulhasnagar      |                                                          83 |                                                          66 |
| Odisha         | 54 | Angul           |                                                          95 |                                                          88 |
| Odisha         | 55 | Balasore        |                                                          86 |                                                          78 |
| Odisha         | 56 | Bhubneshwar     |                                                         103 |                                                          78 |
| Odisha         | 57 | Cuttack         |                                                         104 |                                                          86 |
| Odisha         | 58 | Kalinga Nagar   |                                                         113 |                                                         104 |
| Odisha         | 59 | Rourkela        |                                                         112 |                                                          96 |
| Odisha         | 60 | Talcher         |                                                         122 |                                                          98 |
| Punjab         | 61 | Dera Baba Nanak |                                                          68 |                                                          66 |
| Punjab         | 62 | Khanna          |                                                         113 |                                                         101 |
| Punjab         | 63 | NayaNangal      |                                                          98 |                                                          95 |
| Punjab         | 64 | Patiala         |                                                         107 |                                                         102 |
| Rajasthan      | 65 | Jaipur          |                                                         124 |                                                         112 |
| Rajasthan      | 66 | Jodhpur         |                                                         167 |                                                         155 |
| Rajasthan      | 67 | Kota            |                                                         102 |                                                         100 |
| Rajasthan      | 68 | Alwar           |                                                         126 |                                                         110 |
| Rajasthan      | 69 | Udaipur         |                                                         136 |                                                         109 |
| Tamilnadu      | 70 | Madurai         |                                                          66 |                                                          57 |
| Tamilnadu      | 71 | Trichy          |                                                          58 |                                                          40 |
| Tamilnadu      | 72 | Patencheru      |                                                          87 |                                                          77 |
| Tamilnadu      | 73 | Sangareddy      |                                                          87 |                                                          77 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 74 | Allahabad       |                                                         219 |                                                         184 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 75 | Kanpur          |                                                         200 |                                                         169 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 76 | Lucknow         |                                                         216 |                                                         209 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 77 | Meerut          |                                                         203 |                                                         200 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 78 | Varanasi        |                                                         180 |                                                         168 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 79 | Anpara          |                                                         169 |                                                         142 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 80 | Firozabad       |                                                         213 |                                                         186 |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 81 | Gajraula        |                                                         217 |                                                         168 |

| States / UTs   |     | Cities      | 2019-2020                                       | 2020-2021                                       |
|----------------|-----|-------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
|                |     |             | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 82. | Gorakpur    | 278                                             | 168                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 83. | Jhansi      | 102                                             | 99                                              |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 84. | Khurja      | 226                                             | 194                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 85. | Moradabad   | 243                                             | 206                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 86. | Noida       | 213                                             | 197                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh  | 87. | Raebareli   | 161                                             | 98                                              |
| Uttarakhand    | 88. | Dehradun    | 166                                             | 144                                             |
| Uttarakhand    | 89. | Kashipur    | 130                                             | 129                                             |
| Uttarakhand    | 90. | Rishikesh   | 136                                             | 77                                              |
| West Bengal    | 91. | Asansol     | 124                                             | 114                                             |
| West Bengal    | 92. | Kolkata     | 101                                             | 99                                              |
| West Bengal    | 93. | Barrackpore | 108                                             | 75                                              |
| West Bengal    | 94. | Durgapur    | 125                                             | 103                                             |
| West Bengal    | 95. | Howrah      | 144                                             | 117                                             |
| West Bengal    | 96. | Rani Ganj   | 177                                             | 107                                             |

Cities showing increased concentration (31 cities) of PM10  - 2019-2020 & 2020-2021

| States           |     | Cities               | 2019-2020                                       | 2020-2021                                       |
|------------------|-----|----------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
|                  |     |                      | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 1.  | Visakhapatnam        | 97                                              | 104                                             |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 2.  | Kadapa               | 48                                              | 50                                              |
| Andhra Pradesh   | 3.  | Rajamahendravara m   | 61                                              | 69                                              |
| Assam            | 4.  | Guwahati             | 113                                             | 114                                             |
| Bihar            | 5.  | Muzafarpur           | 138                                             | 180                                             |
| Delhi            | 6.  | Delhi                | 192                                             | 193                                             |
| Gujarat          | 7.  | Ahmedabad            | 116                                             | 120                                             |
| Himachal Pradesh | 8.  | Damtal               | 52                                              | 65                                              |
| Jammu&Kashmir    | 9.  | Jammu                | 145                                             | 186                                             |
| Jammu&Kashmir    | 10. | Srinagar             | 132                                             | 163                                             |
| Karnataka        | 11. | Devanagere           | 66                                              | 72                                              |
| Karnataka        | 12. | Gulburga / Kalaburgi | 80                                              | 92                                              |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 13. | Indore               | 91                                              | 96                                              |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 14. | Dewas                | 91                                              | 93                                              |
| Madhya Pradesh   | 15. | Ujjain               | 90                                              | 104                                             |
| Maharashtra      | 16. | Chandrapur           | 93                                              | 100                                             |
| Maharashtra      | 17. | Sangli               | 70                                              | 71                                              |
| Maharashtra      | 18. | Thane                | 79                                              | 105                                             |
| Meghalaya        | 19. | Byrnihat             | 97                                              | 127                                             |

| States        |     | Cities          | 2019-2020                                       | 2020-2021                                       |
|---------------|-----|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
|               |     |                 | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) | Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) |
| Nagaland      | 20. | Dimapur         | 84                                              | 85                                              |
| Nagaland      | 21. | Kohima          | 81                                              | 84                                              |
| Punjab        | 22. | Amritsar        | 109                                             | 113                                             |
| Punjab        | 23. | Ludhiana        | 115                                             | 129                                             |
| Punjab        | 24. | DeraBassi       | 100                                             | 105                                             |
| Punjab        | 25. | MandiGobindgarh | 130                                             | 131                                             |
| Punjab        | 26. | Jalandhar       | 121                                             | 150                                             |
| Telangana     | 27. | Hyderabad       | 86                                              | 88                                              |
| Telangana     | 28. | Nalgonda        | 59                                              | 60                                              |
| Uttar Pradesh | 29. | Agra            | 163                                             | 188                                             |
| Uttar Pradesh | 30. | Bareily         | 185                                             | 193                                             |
| West Bengal   | 31. | Haldia          | 69                                              | 93                                              |

Cities showing no change in concentration (04 cities) of PM10  - 2019-2020 & 2020-2021

| States         |    | Cities     |   2019-2020 Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM (µg/m 3 ) |   2020-2021 Average concentration (F.Y.) of PM (µg/m 3 ) |
|----------------|----|------------|----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| Andhra Pradesh |  1 | Srikakulam |                                                       66 |                                                       66 |
| Tamil Nadu     |  2 | Chennai    |                                                       60 |                                                       60 |
| Tamil Nadu     |  3 | Tuticorin  |                                                       84 |                                                       84 |
| Uttar Pradesh  |  4 | Ghaziabad  |                                                      218 |                                                      218 |

Data for Faridabad not available for FY 2019-20

## ANNEXURE-III

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (e) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 249 DUE FOR ANSWER ON 21.03.2022 REGARDING 'INCREASING AIR POLLUTION' RAISED BY SHRIMATI SUNITA DUGGAL AND SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU, HON'BLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT

## Measures taken by the Government for Air Quality Management

## Vehicular Pollution Control

-  Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI norms for fuel and vehicles since April, 2020.
-  Network of Metro rails for public transport are enhanced and more cities are covered.
-  Development of Expressway and Highways are also reducing the fuel consumption and pollution.
-  Introduction of cleaner/alternate fuels like CNG, LPG, ethanol blending in petrol.
-  Faster  Adoption  and  Manufacturing  of  Electric  Vehicles  (FAME)  -2  scheme  has  been rolled out.
-  Permit requirement for electric vehicles has been exempted.
-  Promotion of public transport and improvements in roads and building of more bridges to ease congestion on roads.

## Industrial Pollution Control

-  Stringent emission norms for Coal based Thermal Power Plants (TPPs).
-  Pet coke and furnace oil have been banned as fuel in Delhi and NCR States.
-  Shifting of industrial units to PNG.
-  Installation of online continuous  emission  monitoring  devices  in  highly  polluting industries.
-  Shifting of Brick kilns to zig-zag technology for reduction of pollution

## Waste Management

-  Notifications of 6 waste management rules covering solid waste, plastic waste, e-waste, bio-medical waste, C&D waste and hazardous waste.
-  Setting up infrastructure such as waste processing plants.
-  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for plastic and e-waste management.
-  Ban on burning of biomass/garbage.

## Crop Residue Management

-  Under Central  Sector  Scheme  on  'Promotion  of  Agricultural  Mechanization  for  in-situ management of Crop Residue in the States of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and NCT of Delhi',  agricultural  machines  and  equipment  for  in-situ  crop  residue  management  are promoted with 50% subsidy to the individual farmers and 80% subsidy for establishment of Custom Hiring Centres.
-  Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) has been launched as an initiative to set up Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) production plants and make CBG available in the market for use in automotive fuels.

## Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality

-  Expansion of air quality monitoring network of manual as well as continuous monitoring stations under programmes such as National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP).
-  Initiation  of  pilot  projects  to  assess  alternate  ambient  monitoring  technologies  such  as low-cost sensors and satellite-based monitoring.
-  Implementation of Air Quality Early Warning System for Delhi, Kanpur and Lucknow. The system provides alerts for taking timely actions.

## Several steps for implementation of NCAP

-  City Specific Clean Air Action Plans have been prepared and rolled out for implementation in 132 non-attainment and million-plus cities. These action plans focus on city  specific  short/  medium/  long  term  actions  to  control  air  pollution  from  sources such as vehicular emission, road dust, burning of biomass/ crop/ garbage/ Municipal Solid Waste, landfills, construction activities, industrial emission, etc.
-  Under NCAP, Centre level Steering Committee, Monitoring Committee and Implementation Committee has been constituted and periodic review of the implementation  progress  is  conducted.  Also  a  State  Level  Steering  Committee  and Monitoring Committee Chaired by Chief Secretary and Principal Secretary, Environment Department  respectively.  City/  District  level  Implementation  Committee  chaired  by Municipal Commissioner/ District Magistrate is constituted and periodically review the status of progress of implementation of actions under NCAP.
-  Rs. 418.60 crore have been sanctioned to non-attainment cities under NCAP for initiating actions  such  as  expansion  of  monitoring  network,  construction  and  demolition  waste management facilities, non-motorised trans port infrastructure, green buffers, mechanical street sweepers, composting units etc.
-  15th Finance Commission (XV-FC) has identified 42 Urban Agglomerations (UA) with million plus population for performance based grants based on improvement in air quality for period FY 2020-21 to 2025-26 under Million-Plus Cities Challenge Fund (MPCCF). Funds to the tune of Rs. 12,139 crore has been allocated for the said purpose. For 2021-22 funds to the tune of Rs. 2217 crore have been allocated. Rs. 4400 crore were disbursed during 2020-21 to these cities.
-  PRANA a portal for monitoring implementation of NCAP has been launched.