Lok Sabha Question No. 1136 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-07-26
Subject: Report of All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), 2019-20
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo, Sukanta Majumdar, Rajveer (Raju Bhaiya) Singh, Bhola Singh, Raja Amareshwara Naik, Jayanta Kumar Roy, Vinod Kumar Sonkar

- (a) Yes, Sir.
- (b) India  is  ahead  of  many  countries  in  terms  of  Gross  Enrolment  Ratio  (GER)  and  is improving  its  GER  every  year.  Further,  the  Gender  Parity  Index  (GPI)  in  Higher Education  for  India  has  quite  improved  from  0.92  in  2015-16  to  1.01  in  2019-20 indicating  increased  parity  between  males  and  females  in  the  relative  access  to  higher education in the country.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1136 TO BE ANSWERED ON 26.07.2021

## Report of All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), 2019-20

## 1136.   SHRIMATI  SANGEETA KUMARI SINGH DEO:

DR. SUKANTA MAJUMDAR:

SHRI RAJVEER SINGH (RAJU BHAIYA):

SHRI BHOLA SINGH:

SHRI RAJA AMARESHWARA NAIK:

DR. JAYANTA KUMAR ROY:

SHRI VINOD KUMAR SONKAR:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  released  the  Report  of  All  India  Survey  on  Higher Education (AISHE) 2019-20;
- (b) if so, whether India is lagging behind other countries in different educational indicators like Gross Enrollment Ratio, Gender Gap Index etc.;
- (c) if so, the details thereof;
- (d) whether the Government has approved the release of Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories;
- (e) if so, the details thereof;
- (f) whether there is an urgent need for reforms in education system to improve rankings of educational institutions in various national and international indexes; and
- (g) if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  steps  taken/being  taken  by  the  Government  in  this regard?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF EDUCATION (SHRI DHARMENDRA PRADHAN)

- (c) As  far  as  the  Gross  Enrolment  Ratio  in  Higher  Education  is  concerned,  (UIS  data available at http://data.uis.unesco.org/ Sustainable Development Goals: Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education by sex), India ranks nearly in the middle of various countries in 2019,  the  latest  year  for  which  comparable  data  is  available.  A  detailed  comparison  of India  with  some  selected  countries  at  various  stages  of  development,  including  BRICS and SAARC nations is in the table below.
- (d) Yes, Sir.
- (e) The Government has approved the release of Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for  States  and  UTs  and  it  is  available  at  the  link  https://pgi.udiseplus.gov.in/PGI-State2019-20-Brochure.pdf.
- (f) Policy reforms are a continuous process that is periodically revisited to align policy with societal needs and often targeted at systemic improvements. In this direction, the National Education Policy (NEP) was unveiled in July 2020 by the Government of India and the policy is being implemented in a phased manner.
- (g) National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has identified some of the major challenges currently being faced by the higher education system in India. They include:
- i. A severely fragmented higher educational ecosystem;
- ii. Less emphasis on the development of cognitive skills and learning outcomes;
- iii. A rigid separation of disciplines, with early specialisation and streaming of students into narrow areas of study;
- iv. Limited teacher and institutional autonomy;
- v. Lesser emphasis on research at most universities and colleges, and lack of competitive peer reviewed research funding across disciplines
- vi. An ineffective regulatory system; and
- vii. Large affiliating universities resulting in low standards of undergraduate education.

| Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   | Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   | Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   | Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   | Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   | Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   | Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education   |
|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
|                                               | Year                                          | Year                                          | Year                                          | Year                                          | Year                                          | Year                                          |
| Country                                       | 2014                                          | 2015                                          | 2016                                          | 2017                                          | 2018                                          | 2019                                          |
| Afghanistan                                   | 8.2                                           | ..                                            | ..                                            | ..                                            | 9.7                                           | ..                                            |
| Pakistan                                      | 9.7                                           | 9.2                                           | 9.0                                           | 9.3                                           | 9.0                                           | ..                                            |
| Bangladesh                                    | 13.9                                          | ..                                            | 17.9                                          | 18.2                                          | 20.6                                          | 24.0                                          |
| Ghana                                         | 15.4                                          | 15.7                                          | 15.5                                          | 16                                            | 15.7                                          | 17.2                                          |
| Nepal                                         | 16.0                                          | 15.0                                          | 11.6                                          | 11.6                                          | 12.4                                          | 13.3                                          |
| Sri Lanka                                     | 19.2                                          | 19.8                                          | 18.8                                          | 19                                            | 19.6                                          | 21.1                                          |
| South Africa                                  | 19.8                                          | ..                                            | 20.9                                          | 22.4                                          | 23.8                                          | ..                                            |
| Azerbaijan                                    | 23.2                                          | 25.5                                          | 25.9                                          | 27.1                                          | 27.7                                          | 31.5                                          |
| India                                         | 25.4                                          | 26.8                                          | 26.8                                          | 27.4                                          | 28.1                                          | 28.6                                          |
| Indonesia                                     | 30.9                                          | 33.3                                          | 35.4                                          | 36.4                                          | 36.3                                          | ..                                            |
| Malaysia                                      | 39.5                                          | 45.6                                          | 46.8                                          | 43.7                                          | 45.1                                          | 43.1                                          |
| China                                         | 42.4                                          | 46.0                                          | 48.0                                          | 49.1                                          | 50.6                                          | 53.8                                          |
| Brazil                                        | 50.2                                          | 51.3                                          | 50.7                                          | 51.6                                          | 53.3                                          | ..                                            |
| United Kingdom                                | 56.6                                          | 56.5                                          | 58.4                                          | 60.0                                          | 61.4                                          | ..                                            |
| Switzerland                                   | 57.2                                          | 57.7                                          | 58.0                                          | 59.6                                          | 61.4                                          | ..                                            |
| France                                        | 61.5                                          | 62.8                                          | 64.7                                          | 65.8                                          | 67.6                                          | ..                                            |
| Italy                                         | 61.7                                          | 60.9                                          | 60.9                                          | 61.9                                          | 64.3                                          | ..                                            |
| Canada                                        | 65.6                                          | 64.8                                          | 66.4                                          | 68.9                                          | 70.1                                          | ..                                            |
| Israel                                        | 66.9                                          | 65.5                                          | 64.9                                          | 63.4                                          | 61.5                                          | ..                                            |
| Belgium                                       | 73.0                                          | 74.6                                          | 75.9                                          | 79.7                                          | 78.9                                          | ..                                            |
| Russian Federation                            | 78.5                                          | 79.9                                          | 80.6                                          | 81.9                                          | 84.6                                          | ..                                            |
| United States of America                      | 88.6                                          | 88.9                                          | 88.8                                          | 88.2                                          | 88.3                                          | ..                                            |
| Republic of Korea                             | 94.9                                          | 94.3                                          | 94.0                                          | 94.3                                          | 95.9                                          | ..                                            |

The  Department  of  Higher  Education  has  finalised  a  theme-wise  implementation  plan  of NEP 2020 for higher education with various action points to overcome the challenges faced by the system and thereby deliver high-quality higher education, with equity and inclusion. The action points include:

- i. Establishing/transforming   at least    one    HEI    into    large multidisciplinary   HEI in    or near every district
- ii. A  stage  wise  mechanism  for granting graded autonomy to colleges           through a transparent system of graded accreditation
- iii. To  end  the  fragmentation  of  higher  education  system  by  transforming  HEIs  into multidisciplinary universities.
- iv. Granting autonomy to Institutions and faculty to innovate on matters of curriculum, pedagogy,      and      assessment within   a   broad   framework   of higher education qualifications.

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), launched by the Ministry  of  Education  in  2015,  is  an  annual  exercise  that  ranks  institutions  of  higher education in India with a purpose to galvanize Indian Institutions towards a competitive environment that exists in today's world. The key parameters used in India Rankings help institutions to work sincerely towards improving their national and international ranking.

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