Lok Sabha Question No. 4149 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-03-27
Subject: Migration for Education/Employment
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Rajiv Pratap Rudy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4149

TO BE ANSWERED ON 27.03.2023

## MIGRATION FOR EDUCATION/EMPLOYMENT

4149. SHRI RAJIV PRATAP RUDY:

Will  the  Minister  of  LABOUR  AND  EMPLOYMENT  be  pleased  to state:

- (a)whether  the  Government  has  any  data  regarding  the  number  of people who leave their native places to either pursue education or for employment purposes within the country;
- (b)if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  number  of  educated  individuals who had to leave their native places, State/UT-wise;
- (c)the States/UTs which have recorded the highest out-migration due to  lack  of  opportunities  for  educated/skilled  individuals,  including Bihar and cities such as Patna during the last five years;
- (d)the  States/UTs  which  have  recorded  the  highest  in-migration  of educated/skilled  individuals  in  the  country  due  to  availability  of opportunities during the last five years, State/UT-wise; and
- (e)whether  the  Government  is  planning  a  comprehensive  policy  to address the domestic outmigration of skilled/educated individuals in the  country  due  to  unequal  State/UT-wise  development  and  if  so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI RAMESWAR TELI)

- (a) to (e): As per census 2011, total 54.57 lakh   people have migrated to  pursue  education  and  as  per  this  census  total  4.14  crore  people have  migrated  for  work  &  employment  across  the  country.  The State/UT  wise  number  of  persons  who  moved  for  education  and  for work & employment is as at Annexure-I and Annexure-II, respectively.

As  per  the  Report  Migration  in  India,  2020-21,  based  on PLFS  2020-21,  released  by  Ministry  of  Statistics  and  Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the total migration rate in India was 28.9%. Out of the total migrant persons, around 10.8% persons migrated due to  employment  related  reasons.  The  employment  related  reasons include: in search of employment/better employment, for employment/ work (to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer) and loss of job/closure of unit/lack of employment opportunities.

In order to safeguard the interests of the migrant workers, the Central Government had enacted the Inter-state Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979. This Act  has  now  been  subsumed  in  the  Occupational  Safety,  Health  and the Working Conditions (OSH) Code. The OSH Code provides for decent working conditions, minimum wages, grievance redressal mechanisms, protection from abuse and exploitation, enhancement of skills and social security to all categories of workers including migrant workers.

**                                          ******

Annexure referred to in  reply to  part  (a)  to  (e)  of  Lok  Sabha  Unstarred  Question  No.  4149  for 27.03.2023 regarding  Migration for Education/Employment

| State wise Number of persons who moved in for Education as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   | State wise Number of persons who moved in for Education as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   | State wise Number of persons who moved in for Education as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.                                                                                           | Name of the States/UTs                                                                            | Persons                                                                                           |
| 1                                                                                                 | ANDAMAN&NICOBAR ISLANDS                                                                           | 4,072                                                                                             |
| 2                                                                                                 | ANDHRA PRADESH                                                                                    | 933,354                                                                                           |
| 3                                                                                                 | ARUNACHAL PRADESH                                                                                 | 27,772                                                                                            |
| 4                                                                                                 | ASSAM                                                                                             | 68,567                                                                                            |
| 5                                                                                                 | BIHAR                                                                                             | 121,765                                                                                           |
| 6                                                                                                 | CHANDIGARH                                                                                        | 23,114                                                                                            |
| 7                                                                                                 | CHHATTISGARH                                                                                      | 134,629                                                                                           |
| 8                                                                                                 | DADRA &NAGARHAVELI                                                                                | 2,430                                                                                             |
| 9                                                                                                 | DAMAN&DIU                                                                                         | 679                                                                                               |
| 10                                                                                                | GOA                                                                                               | 7,207                                                                                             |
| 11                                                                                                | GUJARAT                                                                                           | 255,821                                                                                           |
| 12                                                                                                | HARYANA                                                                                           | 70,962                                                                                            |
| 13                                                                                                | HIMACHAL PRADESH                                                                                  | 45,731                                                                                            |
| 14                                                                                                | JAMMU &KASHMIR                                                                                    | 36,932                                                                                            |
| 15                                                                                                | JHARKHAND                                                                                         | 101,001                                                                                           |
| 16                                                                                                | KARNATAKA                                                                                         | 543,804                                                                                           |
| 17                                                                                                | KERALA                                                                                            | 82,256                                                                                            |
| 18                                                                                                | LAKSHADWEEP                                                                                       | 1,026                                                                                             |
| 19                                                                                                | MADHYAPRADESH                                                                                     | 313,537                                                                                           |
| 20                                                                                                | MAHARASHTRA                                                                                       | 775,062                                                                                           |
| 21                                                                                                | MANIPUR                                                                                           | 11,529                                                                                            |
| 22                                                                                                | MEGHALAYA                                                                                         | 23,349                                                                                            |
| 23                                                                                                | MIZORAM                                                                                           | 15,107                                                                                            |
| 24                                                                                                | NAGALAND                                                                                          | 43,161                                                                                            |
| 25                                                                                                | NCT OF DELHI                                                                                      | 101,963                                                                                           |
| 26                                                                                                | ODISHA                                                                                            | 280,140                                                                                           |
| 27                                                                                                | PUDUCHERRY                                                                                        | 8,672                                                                                             |
| 28                                                                                                | PUNJAB                                                                                            | 60,935                                                                                            |
| 29                                                                                                | RAJASTHAN                                                                                         | 162,998                                                                                           |
| 30                                                                                                | SIKKIM                                                                                            | 7,816                                                                                             |
| 31                                                                                                | TAMIL NADU                                                                                        | 568,298                                                                                           |
| 32                                                                                                | TRIPURA                                                                                           | 12,294                                                                                            |
| 33                                                                                                | UTTAR PRADESH                                                                                     | 354,174                                                                                           |
| 34                                                                                                | UTTARAKHAND                                                                                       | 93,315                                                                                            |
| 35                                                                                                | WEST BENGAL                                                                                       | 164,084                                                                                           |
|                                                                                                   | INDIA                                                                                             | 54,57,556                                                                                         |

Annexure-II Annexure referred to in  reply to  part  (a)  to  (e)  of  Lok  Sabha  Unstarred  Question  No.  4149  for

27.03.2023 regarding  Migration for Education/Employment

| State wise Number of persons who moved in for work &Employment as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   | State wise Number of persons who moved in for work &Employment as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   | State wise Number of persons who moved in for work &Employment as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   | State wise Number of persons who moved in for work &Employment as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   | State wise Number of persons who moved in for work &Employment as per Census - 2011 ( Migrant Workers)   |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.                                                                                                  |                                                                                                          | Persons                                                                                                  | Males                                                                                                    | Females                                                                                                  |
| 1                                                                                                        | ANDAMAN&NICOBAR ISLANDS                                                                                  | 52,129                                                                                                   | 47,229                                                                                                   | 4,900                                                                                                    |
| 2                                                                                                        | ANDHRA PRADESH                                                                                           | 37,37,316                                                                                                | 30,51,811                                                                                                | 6,85,505                                                                                                 |
| 3                                                                                                        | ARUNACHAL PRADESH                                                                                        | 1,19,244                                                                                                 | 93,441                                                                                                   | 25,803                                                                                                   |
| 4                                                                                                        | ASSAM                                                                                                    | 5,72,064                                                                                                 | 4,93,877                                                                                                 | 78,187                                                                                                   |
| 5                                                                                                        | BIHAR                                                                                                    | 7,06,557                                                                                                 | 5,39,176                                                                                                 | 1,67,381                                                                                                 |
| 6                                                                                                        | CHANDIGARH                                                                                               | 2,06,642                                                                                                 | 1,91,668                                                                                                 | 14,974                                                                                                   |
| 7                                                                                                        | CHHATTISGARH                                                                                             | 10,21,077                                                                                                | 8,65,897                                                                                                 | 1,55,180                                                                                                 |
| 8                                                                                                        | DADRA&NAGAR HAVELI                                                                                       | 63,779                                                                                                   | 60,588                                                                                                   | 3,191                                                                                                    |
| 9                                                                                                        | DAMAN&DIU                                                                                                | 73,782                                                                                                   | 70,592                                                                                                   | 3,190                                                                                                    |
| 10                                                                                                       | GOA                                                                                                      | 1,15,870                                                                                                 | 99,913                                                                                                   | 15,957                                                                                                   |
| 11                                                                                                       | GUJARAT                                                                                                  | 30,41,779                                                                                                | 26,85,190                                                                                                | 3,56,589                                                                                                 |
| 12                                                                                                       | HARYANA                                                                                                  | 13,33,644                                                                                                | 11,47,374                                                                                                | 1,86,270                                                                                                 |
| 13                                                                                                       | HIMACHAL PRADESH                                                                                         | 2,96,268                                                                                                 | 2,36,454                                                                                                 | 59,814                                                                                                   |
| 14                                                                                                       | JAMMU &KASHMIR                                                                                           | 1,22,587                                                                                                 | 1,00,680                                                                                                 | 21,907                                                                                                   |
| 15                                                                                                       | JHARKHAND                                                                                                | 8,24,259                                                                                                 | 7,24,065                                                                                                 | 1,00,194                                                                                                 |
| 16                                                                                                       | KARNATAKA                                                                                                | 28,87,216                                                                                                | 23,67,901                                                                                                | 5,19,315                                                                                                 |
| 17                                                                                                       | KERALA                                                                                                   | 7,13,934                                                                                                 | 5,59,263                                                                                                 | 1,54,671                                                                                                 |
| 18                                                                                                       | LAKSHADWEEP                                                                                              | 6,135                                                                                                    | 5,375                                                                                                    | 760                                                                                                      |
| 19                                                                                                       | MADHYAPRADESH                                                                                            | 24,15,635                                                                                                | 20,27,884                                                                                                | 3,87,751                                                                                                 |
| 20                                                                                                       | MAHARASHTRA                                                                                              | 79,01,819                                                                                                | 68,19,915                                                                                                | 10,81,904                                                                                                |
| 21                                                                                                       | MANIPUR                                                                                                  | 22,750                                                                                                   | 16,441                                                                                                   | 6,309                                                                                                    |
| 22                                                                                                       | MEGHALAYA                                                                                                | 52,797                                                                                                   | 38,769                                                                                                   | 14,028                                                                                                   |
| 23                                                                                                       | MIZORAM                                                                                                  | 62,828                                                                                                   | 45,688                                                                                                   | 17,140                                                                                                   |
| 24                                                                                                       | NAGALAND                                                                                                 | 1,10,779                                                                                                 | 88,923                                                                                                   | 21,856                                                                                                   |
| 25                                                                                                       | NCT OF DELHI                                                                                             | 20,29,489                                                                                                | 18,98,884                                                                                                | 1,30,605                                                                                                 |
| 26                                                                                                       | ODISHA                                                                                                   | 8,51,363                                                                                                 | 7,14,603                                                                                                 | 1,36,760                                                                                                 |
| 27                                                                                                       | PUDUCHERRY                                                                                               | 70,721                                                                                                   | 60,366                                                                                                   | 10,355                                                                                                   |
| 28                                                                                                       | PUNJAB                                                                                                   | 12,44,056                                                                                                | 10,60,487                                                                                                | 1,83,569                                                                                                 |
| 29                                                                                                       | RAJASTHAN                                                                                                | 17,09,602                                                                                                | 14,45,847                                                                                                | 2,63,755                                                                                                 |
| 30                                                                                                       | SIKKIM                                                                                                   | 46,554                                                                                                   | 38,703                                                                                                   | 7,851                                                                                                    |
| 31                                                                                                       | TAMIL NADU                                                                                               | 34,87,974                                                                                                | 27,74,086                                                                                                | 7,13,888                                                                                                 |
| 32                                                                                                       | TRIPURA                                                                                                  | 92,097                                                                                                   | 74,594                                                                                                   | 17,503                                                                                                   |
| 33                                                                                                       | UTTAR PRADESH                                                                                            | 31,56,125                                                                                                | 25,91,421                                                                                                | 5,64,704                                                                                                 |
| 34                                                                                                       | UTTARAKHAND                                                                                              | 6,17,094                                                                                                 | 5,50,465                                                                                                 | 66,629                                                                                                   |
| 35                                                                                                       | WEST BENGAL                                                                                              | 16,56,952                                                                                                | 14,29,130                                                                                                | 2,27,822                                                                                                 |
|                                                                                                          | INDIA                                                                                                    | 4,14,22,917                                                                                              | 3,50,16,700                                                                                              | 64,06,217                                                                                                |

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