Lok Sabha Question No. 3188 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-08-04
Subject: Water Shortage in Cities
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Thomas Chazhikadan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI,

## DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3188

ANSWERED ON 04.08.2022

## WATER SHORTAGE IN CITIES

## 3188 SHRI THOMAS CHAZHIKADAN

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the cities in the country that are facing problems of water shortage;
- (b) the details of the cities facing the water shortage problem due to irregular rain;
- (c) whether the Government has taken any steps to solve the problem; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI

## ( SHRI BISHWESWAR TUDU )

(a) Central  Ground  Water  Board  (CGWB)  periodically  monitors  the  ground  water  levels  thought  out  the country including urban areas through monitoring wells. Comparison of water level data during November, 2021 with the decadal mean water level of November (2011-2020) in urban areas indicates that about 34.6% of the wells monitored have registered decline in ground water mostly in the range of 0-2 meter.  Decline of more than 4.0 metre has also been observed in some of the cities. Rise in groundwater level have also been observed  in  65.4%  analysed  wells.  The  details  in  this  regard  are  given  in Annexure-I. CGWB has also prepared a report titled 'Groundwater Situations in Select Cities in India.' The report provides the demand and  water  supply  information  collected  from  respective  water  supply  departments  in  the  cities  and  also analyses the groundwater situation in these cities.

(b) Problem  of  water  shortage  in  cities  does  not  dependent  directly  on  the  rainfall  pattern  is  particular city/areas. The factors which also contribute to shortage of water in a city include extent of urbanization, amount of extraction of ground water, availability of measures of rain water harvesting, existence of water management plans, ground water flows within the aquifers and other anthropogenic activities.

(c) & (d) Water is a state subject and the Central Government supplements the efforts of the states on water conservation and recharge through technical and financial support. The details of major steps taken by the Government to solve the problem water shortage, particularly in cities, are at Annexure-II .

*******

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3188 TO BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 04.08.2022 REGARDING 'WATER SHORTAGE IN CITIES'

## Decadal Water Level Fluctuation with Mean [NOVEMBER (2011 to 2020] and NOVEMBER 2021

in Urban Areas of the Country

| S. No.   | Name of the City              | No. of wells Analys ed   | Rise >4m   | Rise >4m   | Rise >4m   | Rise >4m   | Rise >4m   | Rise >4m   | Fall 2-4m >4m   | Fall 2-4m >4m   | Fall 2-4m >4m   | Fall 2-4m >4m   | Fall 2-4m >4m   | Fall 2-4m >4m   | Rise Fall   | Rise Fall   | Rise Fall        |                   |            |            |            |            |
|----------|-------------------------------|--------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|-------------|-------------|------------------|-------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
| S. No.   | Name of the City              | No. of wells Analys ed   | 0-2m No    | %          | No         | 2-4m %     | No         | %          | No              | 0-2m %          | No              | %               | No              | %               | No          |             | No               | %                 | %          | %          | %          | %          |
| 1        | Mumbai City                   | 6                        | 4          | 66.7       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 16.7            | 1               | 16.7            | 0               | 4               |             | 66.7        | 2                | 33.3              | 33.3       | 33.3       | 33.3       | 33.3       |
| 2        | Mumbai Suburban               | 17                       | 9          | 52.9       | 1          | 5.9        | 0          | 0.0        | 5               | 29.4            | 2               | 11.8            | 0               | 0.0 0.0         | 10          | 58.8        | 7                | 41.2              | 41.2       | 41.2       | 41.2       | 41.2       |
| 3        | Delhi                         | 86                       | 29         | 33.7       | 21         | 24.4       | 15         | 17.4       | 12              | 14.0            | 3               |                 | 3.5             | 6 7.0           | 65          | 75.6        | 21               | 24.4              | 24.4       | 24.4       | 24.4       | 24.4       |
| 4        | Kolkata(Confined)             | 25                       | 16         | 64.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 1          | 4.0        | 7               | 28.0            | 1               |                 | 4.0             | 0.0             | 17          | 68.0        | 8                | 32.0              | 32.0       | 32.0       | 32.0       | 32.0       |
| 5        | Chennai                       | 21                       | 12         | 57.1       | 7          | 33.3       | 2          | 9.5        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0 0             | 0.0             | 21          | 100.0       | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 6        | Bangalore                     | 18                       | 12         | 66.7       | 2          | 11.1       | 1          | 5.6        | 3               | 16.7            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 15          | 83.3        | 3                | 16.7              | 16.7       | 16.7       | 16.7       | 16.7       |
| 7        | Hyderabad                     | 36                       | 18         | 50.0       | 6          | 16.7       | 9          | 25.0       | 3               | 8.3             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 33          | 91.7        | 3                | 8.3               | 8.3        | 8.3        | 8.3        | 8.3        |
|          | Ahmedabad (phreatic)          | 3                        | 0          | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 3               | 100.0           | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0           | 0.0         | 3                | 100.0             | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      |
| 8        | Ahmedabad (Confined)          | 1                        | 1          | 100.0      | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1           | 100.0       | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 9        | Nagpur                        | 67                       | 37         | 55.2       | 3          | 4.5        | 0          | 0.0        | 26              | 38.8            | 1               | 1.5             | 0               | 0.0             | 40          | 59.7        | 27               | 40.3              | 40.3       | 40.3       | 40.3       | 40.3       |
| 10       | Nashik                        | 4                        | 1          | 25.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 3               | 75.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1           | 25.0        | 3                | 75.0              | 75.0       | 75.0       | 75.0       | 75.0       |
| 11       | Pune                          | 3                        | 1          | 33.3       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 2               | 66.7            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1           | 33.3        | 2                | 66.7              | 66.7       | 66.7       | 66.7       | 66.7       |
| 12       | Vasai Virar                   | 2                        | 1          | 50.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 50.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1           | 50.0        | 1                | 50.0              | 50.0       | 50.0       | 50.0       | 50.0       |
| 13       | Aurangabad                    | 6                        | 3          | 50.0       | 3          | 50.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 6           | 100.0       | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 14       | Kannur                        | 3                        | 1          | 33.3       | 2          | 66.7       | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 3           | 100.0       | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 15       | Kochi                         | 1                        | 1          | 100.0      | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1           | 100.0       | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 16       | Kollam                        | 4                        | 3          | 75.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 25.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 3           | 75.0        | 1                | 25.0              | 25.0       | 25.0       | 25.0       | 25.0       |
| 17       | Kozhikode                     | 12                       | 11         | 91.7       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 8.3             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 11          | 91.7        | 1 1              | 8.3               | 8.3        | 8.3        | 8.3        | 8.3        |
| 18       | Malappuram Thiruvananthapuram | 5 6                      | 4 3        | 80.0 50.0  | 0 3        | 0.0 50.0   | 0 0        | 0.0 0.0    | 1               | 20.0 0.0        | 0 0             | 0.0 0.0         | 0 0             | 0.0 0.0         | 4 6         | 80.0 100.0  | 0                | 20.0 0.0          | 20.0 0.0   | 20.0 0.0   | 20.0 0.0   | 20.0 0.0   |
| 19 20    | Thrissur                      | 11                       | 5          | 45.5       |            | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 6               | 54.5            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 5           | 45.5        | 6                | 54.5              | 54.5       | 54.5       | 54.5       | 54.5       |
| 21       | Patna                         | 6                        | 4          | 66.7       | 1          | 16.7       | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 16.7            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 5           | 83.3        | 1                | 16.7              | 16.7       | 16.7       | 16.7       | 16.7       |
| 22       | Ranchi                        | 11                       | 10         | 90.9       | 1          | 9.1        | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 11          |             | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 23       | Dhanbad                       | 4                        | 1          | 25.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 25.0            | 2               | 50.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 1           | 100.0 25.0  | 3                | 75.0              | 75.0       | 75.0       | 75.0       | 75.0       |
| 24       | Jamshedpur                    | 1                        | 1          | 100.0      | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1           |             | 0                | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 25       | Bhopal                        | 14                       | 9          | 64.3       | 2          | 14.3       | 0          | 0.0        | 2               | 14.3            | 1               | 7.1             | 0               | 0.0             |             | 78.6 78.6   | 3                | 21.4              | 21.4       | 21.4       | 21.4       | 21.4       |
| 26       | Indore                        | 14                       | 9          | 64.3       | 2          | 14.3       | 0          | 0.0        | 3               | 21.4            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               |                 | 0.0         | 11 11       | 3                | 21.4              | 21.4       | 21.4       | 21.4       | 21.4       |
| 27       | Jabalpur                      | 16                       | 6          | 37.5       | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 8               | 50.0            | 2               | 12.5            | 0               | 0.0             | 6           | 37.5        | 10               | 62.5              | 62.5       | 62.5       | 62.5       | 62.5       |
| 28       | Gwalior                       | 1                        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 1               | 100.0           | 0           | 0.0         | 1                | 100.0             | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      |
| 29       | Guwahati                      | 31                       | 13         | 41.9       | 2          | 6.5        | 0          | 0.0        | 11              | 35.5            | 5               | 16.1            | 0               | 0.0             | 15          | 48.4        | 51.6             | 51.6              | 51.6       | 51.6       | 51.6       | 51.6       |
| 30       | Ludhiana                      | 2                        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 50.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 1               | 50.0            | 0           | 0.0         | 2                | 100.0             | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      |
| 31       | Amritsar                      | 4                        | 2          | 50.0       | 1          | 25.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 25.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 3           |             | 1                | 25.0              | 25.0       | 25.0       | 25.0       | 25.0       |
| 32 33    | Faridabad                     | 2                        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 50.0            | 1               | 50.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 0           |             | 0.0              | 2 7               | 100.0 53.8 | 100.0 53.8 | 100.0 53.8 | 100.0 53.8 |
|          | Chandigarh-UT Coimbatore      | 13                       | 4 0        | 30.8       | 1          | 7.7        | 1          | 7.7        | 5               | 38.5            | 1               | 7.7             | 1               | 7.7             | 6           | 4           | 46.2 66.7        |                   |            |            |            |            |
| 34 35    |                               | 6                        | 1          | 0.0        | 2          | 33.3       | 2          | 33.3       | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 2               | 33.3 0.0        | 100.0       | 2 0         | 33.3             | 33.3              | 33.3       | 33.3       | 33.3       | 33.3       |
| 36       | Thiruchirapalli Madurai       | 6 12                     | 5          | 16.7 41.7  | 4          | 66.7       | 1 3        | 16.7       | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0 0.0         | 0 0             | 0.0             | 6 11        | 91.7        | 0.0 8.3          | 0.0 8.3           | 0.0 8.3    | 0.0 8.3    | 0.0 8.3    | 0.0 8.3    |
| 37       | Vijayawada                    | 8                        | 2          | 25.0       | 3 0        | 25.0 0.0   | 0          | 25.0 0.0   | 1 2             | 8.3 25.0        | 0 2             | 25.0            | 2               | 25.0            | 6           | 25.0        | 2                |                   | 1 75.0     | 1 75.0     | 1 75.0     | 1 75.0     |
| 38       | Vishakapatnam                 | 27                       | 13         | 48.1       | 2          | 7.4        | 0          | 0.0        | 8               | 29.6            | 1               | 3.7             | 3               | 15              |             | 55.6        | 12               | 44.4              | 44.4       | 44.4       | 44.4       | 44.4       |
| 39       | Rajkot                        | 1                        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 1               | 100.0           | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 11.1 0.0        |             | 0.0         | 0                | 100.0             | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      | 100.0      |
| 40       | Surat                         | 1                        | 1          | 100.0      | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 1               |             | 100.0       | 0.0              | 0.0               | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        | 0.0        |
| 41       | Vadodara Jaipur               | 4                        |            | 0.0        | 1          | 25.0       | 3          | 75.0       | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 6               |             | 0.0 32.1    | 4                |                   |            | 100.0      | 0 0        | 0.0        |
| 42       | 28                            | 2                        | 7.1        |            | 2          | 7.1        | 7          | 25.0       |                 | 7.1             | 21.4            |                 | 9               |                 |             | 11 4        | 17 1             |                   |            | 39.3       | 60.7       | 60.7       |
| 43       | Jodhpur                       | 5 2                      | 3          | 60.0       | 0          | 0.0        | 1          | 20.0       | 2 1             | 20.0            | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 80.0        | 2           | 20.0             | 20.0              | 20.0       | 20.0       | 20.0       | 20.0       |
| 44       |                               |                          | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 0          | 0.0        | 2               | 100.0           | 0               | 0.0             | 0               | 0.0             | 0 22        |             |                  |                   |            |            |            |            |
| 45       | Kota Bhubanneswar Agra        | 39                       | 18         | 46.2       | 4 0        | 10.3 0.0   | 0 0        | 0.0        | 16              | 41.0            | 1 0             | 2.6 0.0         | 0 0             | 0.0             |             | 17 1        | 100.0 43.6 100.0 | 0.0 56.4 0.0 75.0 | 0.0        |            |            |            |
| 46 47    | 1 Allahabad 4                 |                          | 0 1        | 0.0 25.0   | 2          | 50.0       | 0          | 0.0 0.0    | 1 0             | 100.0 0.0       | 1               | 25.0            |                 | 0               | 0 3         |             |                  |                   | 0.0        |            | 1          | 25.0       |

|        |                  | No. of wells   | Rise   | Rise   | Rise   | Rise   | Rise   | Rise   | Fall   | Fall   | Fall   | Fall   | Fall   | Fall   |      |      |      |      |
|--------|------------------|----------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|------|------|------|------|
| S. No. | Name of the City |                | 0-2m   | 0-2m   | 2-4m   | 2-4m   | >4m    | >4m    | 0-2m   | 0-2m   | 2-4m   | 2-4m   | >4m    | >4m    | Rise | Rise | Fall | Fall |
|        |                  | Analys ed      | No     | %      | No     | %      | No     | %      | No     | %      | No     | %      | No     | %      | No   | %    | No   | %    |
| 54     | Bhilai           | 6              | 2      | 33.3   | 1      | 16.7   | 0      | 0.0    | 2      | 33.3   | 1      | 16.7   | 0      | 0.0    | 3    | 50.0 | 3    | 50.0 |
| 55     | Dehradun         | 45             | 18     | 40.0   | 5      | 11.1   | 3      | 6.7    | 15     | 33.3   | 4      | 8.9    | 0      | 0.0    | 26   | 57.8 | 19   | 42.2 |
| TOTAL  | TOTAL            | 670            | 304    | 45.4   | 85     | 12.7   | 49     | 7.3    | 168    | 25.1   | 37     | 5.5    | 27     | 4.0    | 438  | 65.4 | 232  | 34.6 |

Source: Central Groud Water Board

***

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (c) & (d) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3188 TO  BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  04.08.2022  REGARDING  'WATER  SHORTAGE  IN CITIES'

## Details  of  steps  taken  by  the  Government  to  address  the  problem  water  shortage  in  the  country particularly in cities/ urban areas

I. The Government initiated 'Jal Shakti Abhiyan' (JSA) in 1592 blocks of 256 water-stressed districts of the country during July  to  November  2019  to  address  the  problem  of  water  scarcity/shortage.   The  second  in  the  series  was  'Jal  Shakti Abhiyan: Catch The Rain' (JSA:CTR) from 22 nd March, 2021 to 30 November, 2021 in all districts of the country and third in the series of JSA, 'Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch The Rain' has been  taken up in the current year from 29 March, 2022 to 30 November, 2022, the pre-monsoon and monsoon period in the country, in all districts (rural as well as urban areas) of the country with the main theme 'Catch the Rain, where it falls, when it falls'.

II.  Marking 75 years of Independence this year.  It has been decided that,  75 water bodies are created or rejuvenated in every district. These are called Amrit Sarovars.  The creation/rejuvenation of the Amrit Sarovars are a special effort under JSA-CTR 2022. Efforts in this direction have been already initiated and concerned stakeholders-State Governments, NGOs etc. are mobilised to take up this activity under the campaign.

III. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has formulated guidelines for the States to adopt measures suitable to local conditions, such as Unified Building Bye Laws (UBBL) of Delhi, 2016, Model Building Bye Laws (MBBL), 2016 and Urban and Regional Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines, 2014 with adequate focus on requirement of rainwater harvesting and water conservation measures.  500 cities and towns have been identified across India under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). AMRUT 2.0 focuses on making these cities 'self-reliant and water secure' by promoting circular economy of water. Under the Smart Cities Mission, 48 cities have reported water management projects under convergence with AMRUT.

IV. Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) grants No Objection Certificates (NOCs) for ground water abstraction to Industries, Infrastructure units and Mining projects in feasible areas in certain States/UTs where regulation is not being done by the respective State/UTs. The latest guidelines for control and regulation of groundwater extraction with pan-India applicability was notified by the Ministry on 24 September 2020  which envisages that the proponents shall install roof top rain water harvesting & recharge systems in the project area in order to obtain NOC.

V. Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 has been prepared by CGWB in consultation with States/UTs which  is  a  macro  level  plan  indicating  various  structures  for  the  different  terrain  conditions  of  the  country  including estimated cost. The Master Plan envisages construction of about 1.42 crore rain water harvesting and artificial recharge structures in the Country to harness 185 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) of monsoon rainfall.

VI. A Model Bill has been circulated to all the States/UTs to enable them to enact suitable ground water legislation for regulation of its development, which includes provision of rainwater harvesting structures feasible in urban areas. So far, 19 States/UTs have adopted and implemented the ground water legislation.

VII. A nationwide programme of 'National Aquifer Mapping and Management (NAQUIM)' for mapping of aquifers, their characterization and development of aquifer management facilitate sustainable development of ground water resources.

VIII. National Water Policy (2012) has been formulated by the Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation which inter-alia advocates rain water harvesting and conservation of water and highlights the need for augmenting the availability of water.

IX.  Besides the above, mass awareness programmes like trainings, seminars, workshops, exhibitions, etc. are conducted from time to time each year under the Information, Education & Communication (IEC) Scheme in various parts of the country to promote rainwater harvesting, reuse and recycle of water and artificial recharge of groundwater.