Lok Sabha Question No. 865 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-07-23
Subject: Air Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Rodmal Nagar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 865

TO BE ANSWERED ON 23.07.2021

## Air Pollution

## 865 SHRI RODMAL NAGAR:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) the names of cities in the country which are mostpolluted in respect of air pollution;
- (b) whether the Government has conducted any study to ascertain the number of untimely deaths being caused by air pollution in various parts of countryduring the last three years;
- (c) if so, the year-wise and State-wise details thereofand if not, the reasons therefor;
- (d) whether  intensity  of  air  pollution  has  furtherincreased  in  various  polluted  cities  of  the country;
- (e) if so, the city-wise details of such pollution in the cities during the last three years along with thereasons therefor; and
- (f) the corrective measures taken by the Governmentin this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)

## (a)

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has identified 124 Non-attainment citiesbased on air pollution  levels  exceeding  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards  continuously  for  five years (2014-19).

## (b) and (c)

There  is  no  conclusive  data  available  to  establish  a  direct  correlation  of  death/disease exclusively due to air pollution. Air pollution is one of the many factors affecting respiratory ailments and associated diseases. Health is impacted by a number of factors which includes food habits, occupational habits, socio-economic status, medical history, immunity, heredity, etc., of the individuals apart from the environment.

## (d) to (f)

The analysis of Air Quality data of non-attainment cities indicate that majority of cities shows overall  improvement  of  Air  Quality  in  2020  compared  to  2018.  The  city-wise  annualAir Quality data is annexed.

The  Government  has  taken  several  steps  for  mitigation  of  air  pollution  which  interalia includes the following:

- a) Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI norms for fuel and vehicles from 1 st April, 2020.
- b) Network of Metro rails for public transport are enhanced and more cities are covered.
- c) Development of Expressway and Highways  are  also  reducing  the  fuel  consumption and pollution.
- d) Introduction of cleaner/alternate fuels like CNG, LPG, ethanol blending in petrol.
- e) Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) -2 scheme has been rolled out.
- f) Shifting of Brick kilns to zig-zag technology for reduction of pollution.
- g) Industrial units shifting to PNG.
- h) Pradhan MantriUjjwalaYojanais promoting use of cleaner household cooking fuels.
- i) A new initiative,'Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT), is launched to set up 5000 Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) production plants and make CBG available in the market for use in automotive fuels.
- j) Installation of on-line continuous monitoring devices in highly polluting industries.
- k) Setting up infrastructure such as waste processing plants.
- l) Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for plastic and e-waste management.
- m) Ban on burning of biomass/garbage.
- n) Under Central Sector Scheme on 'Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization for in-situ management  of  Crop  Residue  in  the  States  of  Punjab,  Haryana,  Uttar  Pradesh  and NCT  of  Delhi', agricultural machines  and  equipment  for  in-situ crop residue management  are  promoted  with  50%  subsidy  to  the  individual  farmers  and  80% subsidy for establishment of Custom Hiring Centres.
- o) The Central Government launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) as a longterm, time-bound, national level strategy to tackle the air pollution problem across the country in a comprehensive manner with targets to achieve 20 % to 30 % reduction in Particulate Matter concentrations by 2024.
- p) ₹  376.5  crores  have  been  sanctioned  to  non-attainment  cities  under  NCAP  for initiating actions such as expansion of monitoring network, construction and demolition waste management facilities, non-motorised transport infrastructure, green buffers, mechanical street sweepers, composting units etc.
- q) As per the Fifteenth Finance commission recommendations ₹4400 crores have been released  in  the  Budget  of  FY  2020-21  to  tackle  the  burgeoning  problem  of  air pollution for 42 urban centres with a million-plus population. Further, an amount of ₹12,139 crores has been allocated for improvement of air quality for the award period FY 2021-26.
- r) City  Specific  Action  plans  for  improvement  of  air  quality  has  been  prepared  and approved for implementation.
- s) Implementation of the city specific action plans are regularly monitored by Committees  at  Central  and  State  level  namely  Steering  Committee,  Monitoring Committee and Implementation Committee.
- t) Technical  and  scientific  institutes  of  repute  are  working  as  knowledge  partners  to NCAP

****

## Ambient Air Quality data of 124 Non-attainment cities for 2018-2020

| City/Town/Village     | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   |
|-----------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
|                       | 2018                               | 2019                               | 2020                               |
| Anantapur             | 71                                 | 67                                 | 59                                 |
| Chitoor               | 62                                 | 54                                 | 43                                 |
| Eluru                 | 67                                 | 63                                 | 61                                 |
| Guntur                | 49                                 | 53                                 | 60                                 |
| Kadapa                | 61                                 | 53                                 | 46                                 |
| Kurnool               | 66                                 | 61                                 | 53                                 |
| Nellore               | 63                                 | 66                                 | 57                                 |
| Ongole                | 66                                 | 59                                 | 49                                 |
| Rajahmundry           | 94                                 | 62                                 | 63                                 |
| Srikakulam            | 71                                 | 67                                 | 61                                 |
| Vijaywada             | 77                                 | 73                                 | 56                                 |
| Vishakhapatnam        | 77                                 | 76                                 | 78                                 |
| Vizianagaram          | 65                                 | 67                                 | 61                                 |
| Guwahati Nagaon       | 112                                | 97                                 | 86                                 |
|                       | 96                                 | 105                                | 74                                 |
| Nalbari               | 97                                 | 87                                 | 54                                 |
| Silchar               | 49                                 | 46                                 | 43                                 |
| Gaya                  | 89                                 | 71                                 | 63*                                |
| Muzaffarpur           | 139                                | 152                                | -                                  |
| Patna                 | 207                                | 237                                | 146                                |
| Chandigarh            | 102                                | 97                                 | 92                                 |
| Durg-Bhillainagar     | 84                                 | 79                                 | 60                                 |
| Korba                 | 59                                 | 58                                 |                                    |
| Raipur                | 65                                 | 69                                 | 46 53                              |
| Delhi                 | 243*                               | 218*                               | 181*                               |
| Surat                 | 176                                | 128                                |                                    |
|                       |                                    |                                    | 100                                |
| Vadodara              | 188                                | 131                                | 91                                 |
| Baddi                 | 164                                | 148                                | 126                                |
| Damtal                | 62                                 | 49                                 | 59                                 |
| Kala Amb              | 104                                | 101                                | 76                                 |
|                       | 88                                 |                                    |                                    |
| Nalagarh              | 148                                | 125                                | 86                                 |
| Paonta Sahib Parwanoo | 63                                 | 83 64                              | 74 45                              |
| Sunder Nagar          | 84                                 | 72                                 | 48                                 |
| Jammu                 | 165                                | 139                                | 167                                |
| Srinagar              | 153                                | 132                                | 155                                |
| Dhanbad Bangalore     | 264 90                             | 237                                | 182 66                             |
| Devanagere            | 44                                 | 74                                 |                                    |
| Gulburga              |                                    | 70                                 | 68                                 |
|                       | 55                                 | 87                                 | 81                                 |
| Hubli-Dharwad         | 75                                 | 69                                 | 52                                 |
| Bhopal                | 134 68                             | 161 79                             | 172                                |
| Dewas                 |                                    |                                    | 67                                 |
| Gwalior               | 134                                | 139                                | 142                                |
| Indore                | 88                                 | 77                                 | 75                                 |
| Sagar                 | 75                                 | 72                                 | 64 78                              |
| Ujjain Akola          | 83 73                              | 78 68                              | 56                                 |
|                       |                                    | 89                                 | 64                                 |
| Amravati              | 104                                |                                    | 74                                 |
| Aurangabad            | 70                                 | 74                                 |                                    |
| Badlapur              | 144                                | 108                                | 64                                 |
| Chandrapur            | 149                                | 133                                | 135                                |

| State / UT    | City/Town/Village   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   |
|---------------|---------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| State / UT    | City/Town/Village   | 2018                               | 2019                               | 2020                               |
|               | Jalgaon Jalna       | 74 103                             | 60 97                              | 51 82                              |
|               | Kolhapur            | 90                                 | 85                                 | 87                                 |
|               | Latur               | 95                                 | 86                                 | 58                                 |
|               | Mumbai              | 166                                | 125                                | 92*                                |
|               | Nagpur              | 103                                | 101                                | 78                                 |
|               | Nashik              | 85                                 | 63                                 | 38                                 |
|               | Navi Mumbai         | 71                                 | 54                                 | 50                                 |
|               | Pune                | 106                                | 143                                | 106                                |
|               | Sangli              | 84                                 | 67                                 | 71                                 |
|               | Solapur             | 71                                 | 74                                 | 60                                 |
|               | Thane               | 108                                | 128                                | 83                                 |
|               | Ulhasnagar          | 122                                | 94                                 | 64                                 |
| Meghalaya     | Byrnihat            | 166                                | 103                                | 113                                |
|               | Dimapur             | 134                                | 77                                 | 78                                 |
| Nagaland      | Kohima              | 104                                | 94                                 | 86                                 |
| Odisha        | Angul               | 101                                | 99                                 | 88                                 |
|               | Balasore            | 86                                 | 86                                 | 78                                 |
|               | Bhubneshwar         | 99                                 | 99                                 | 86                                 |
|               | Cuttack             | 114                                | 106                                | 111                                |
|               | Kalinga Nagar       | 118                                | 118                                | 112                                |
|               | Rourkela            | 108                                | 123                                | 90                                 |
|               | Talcher Amritsar    | 110 177                            | 106 170                            | 94 166                             |
| Punjab        | Dera Baba Nanak     | 81                                 | 70                                 | 68                                 |
|               | DeraBassi           | 95                                 | 97                                 | 102                                |
|               | Gobindgarh          | 121                                | 142                                | 109                                |
|               | Jalandhar           | 153                                | 137                                | 165                                |
|               | Khanna              | 135                                | 165                                | 145                                |
|               | Ludhiana            | 162                                | 153                                | 161                                |
|               | NayaNangal          | 91                                 | 90                                 | 99                                 |
|               | Patiala             | 98                                 | 102                                | 101                                |
| Rajasthan     | Alwar               | 182                                | 172                                | 162                                |
|               | Jaipur              | 165                                | 141                                | 132                                |
|               | Jodhpur             | 223                                | 240                                | 160                                |
|               | Kota                | 152                                | 129                                | 102                                |
|               | Udaipur             | 147                                | 156                                | 139                                |
| Tamilnadu     | Madurai             | 84 110                             | 79 73                              | 57 41                              |
|               | Trichy Tuticorin    | 102                                | 86                                 | 73                                 |
| Telangana     | Hyderabad           | 105                                | 99                                 | 80                                 |
|               | Nalgonda            | 60                                 | 59                                 | 55                                 |
|               | Patencheru          | 81                                 | 83                                 | 80                                 |
|               | Sangareddy          | 81                                 | 87                                 | 77                                 |
|               | Agra                | 209 231                            | 186 222                            | 174 180                            |
|               | Allahabad           |                                    |                                    |                                    |
|               | Anpara              | 191                                | 171                                | 146                                |
|               | Bareily             | 233                                | 200                                | 176                                |
|               | Firozabad           | 226                                | 214                                | 180                                |
|               | Gajraula            | 224                                | 229 208                            | 165                                |
|               | Ghaziabad           | 245                                |                                    | 203 181                            |
| Uttar Pradesh | Gorakpur            | 218                                | 294                                |                                    |
|               | Jhansi              | 96 210                             | 96 198                             | 97 201                             |
|               | Kanpur              | 214                                | 195                                | 203                                |
|               | Khurja              | 217                                | 208                                | 187                                |
|               | Lucknow Moradabad   |                                    | 240                                | 217                                |
|               | Noida               | 227 264                            | 212                                | 207 110                            |
|               | Raebareli           | 141                                | 163                                |                                    |

| State / UT            | City/Town/Village     | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 10 in µg/m 3   |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| State / UT            | City/Town/Village     | 2018                               | 2019                               | 2020                               |
|                       | Dehradun              | 217                                | 167                                | 138                                |
|                       | Kashipur              | 105                                | 132                                | 121                                |
|                       | Rishikesh             | 133                                | 137                                | 112                                |
|                       | Asansol               | 146                                | 184                                | 114                                |
|                       | Barrackpore           | 108                                | 115                                | 79                                 |
|                       | Durgapur              | 141                                | 173                                | 107                                |
|                       | Haldia                | 99                                 | 86                                 | 87                                 |
|                       | Howrah                | 179                                | 174                                | 125                                |
|                       | Kolkata               | 148                                | 104                                | 116                                |
|                       | Raniganj              | 147                                | 186                                | 114                                |
| Note: '*' CAAQMs data | Note: '*' CAAQMs data | Note: '*' CAAQMs data              | Note: '*' CAAQMs data              | Note: '*' CAAQMs data              |

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