Lok Sabha Question No. 790 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-21
Subject: Ground Water in Cities
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Badruddin Ajmal

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI,

## DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 790

ANSWERED ON 21.07.2022

## GROUND WATER IN CITIES

## 790 SHRI M. BADRUDDIN AJMAL

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state: -

- (a) whether according to NITI Ayog report, around twenty-one cities are likely to run out of ground water in near future and face severe water crisis;
- (b) if so, the measures taken by the Government to overcome this problem;
- (c) whether three-quarters of the Indian population is affected by contaminated water;
- (d) if so, the steps taken by the Government in this regard;
- (e) whether according to several reports, every year around two lakh people die due to drinking unclean water; and
- (f) if so, the preventive measures taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI

## ( SHRI BISHWESWAR TUDU )

- (a)  & (b) Yes, Sir. A NITI Aayog, in its report of 2018, had mentioned that 21 major cities may run out of groundwater which was based on the estimates of annual groundwater replenishment/its extraction and did not consider the available groundwater in the deeper aquifers. Further, no such severe water crisis has been reported from any of the mentioned cities in the past.

In  addition,  the  Dynamic  Ground  Water  Resources of the  country  are  being  periodically  assessed  jointly  by Central  Ground  Water  Board  (CGWB)  and  State  Governments.  As  per  the  2020  assessment,  the  State-wise details of ground water resources are given in Annexure I .

Further, though water being a State subject, the Central Government has taken a number of steps for sustainable water  management  in  the  country  including  augmentation  and  conservation  of  ground  water,  which  are available at the following URL: http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/sites/default/files /Steps%20taken%20by%20the%20Central%20Govt%20for%20water\_depletion\_july2022.pdf

- (c)  &  (d)  Water  being  State  subject,  groundwater  quality  monitoring  and  its  remediation  falls  under  States' mandate, however, Central Ground Water Board generates ground water quality data on a regional scale during various scientific studies and ground water quality monitoring throughout the country. These studies indicate the  occurrence  of  Fluoride,  Arsenic,  Nitrate,  Iron  and  Heavy  Metals  beyond  the  BIS  permissible  limits  in isolated pockets in certain parts of the country. State-wise details of contamination of ground water are given at Annexure II.

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in association with State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees (SPCBs/PCCs) is implementing the provisions of The Water (Prevention & Control) Act, 1974 & The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to prevent and control pollution.

Government of India in partnership with States is implementing Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) - Har Ghar Jal since August, 2019 to make provision of potable tap water supply in adequate quantity, of prescribed quality and on regular & long-term basis to every rural household by 2024. In addition, under JJM, while allocating the funds to  States/  UTs,  10%  weightage  is  given  to  the  population  residing  in  habitations  affected  by  chemical contaminants including  heavy  metals  and  while  planning  for  potable  water  supply  to  household  through  tap connection, priority is to be given to quality-affected habitations. Further, National Water Quality Sub-Mission (NWQSM)  was  launched  on  22 nd March,  2017  as  a  part  of  National  Rural  Drinking  Water  Programme (NRDWP), which has now been subsumed under JJM, to provide safe drinking water to 27,544 arsenic/fluoride affected rural habitations in the country.

(e)  &  (f)  No  such  reports  have  been  received  in  this  Department.  However,  Central  government  is implementing Jal Jeevan Mission in collaboration with States, since 2019, to make available potable tap water in adequate quantity of prescribed quality to rural population of the country in a time bound manner.

***

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) & (b) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 790  TO  BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  21.07.2022  REGARDING  'GROUND  WATER  IN CITIES'.

STATE-WISE GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA, 2020 (in bcm)

| S. No.   | States / Union Territories   | Total Annual Ground   | Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource   | Current Annual Ground Water Extraction   | Current Annual Ground Water Extraction   | Current Annual Ground Water Extraction   | Stage of Ground Extraction (%)   |
|----------|------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| S. No.   | States / Union Territories   | Water                 |                                            | Irrigation                               | Industrial& Domestic                     | Total                                    | Water                            |
| 1        | Andhra Pradesh               | Recharge 24.15        | 22.94                                      | 6.60                                     | 1.03                                     | 7.63                                     | 33.26                            |
| 2        | Arunachal Pradesh            | 3.19                  | 2.92                                       | 0.003                                    | 0.01                                     | 0.01                                     | 0.36                             |
| 3        | Assam                        | 27.05                 | 21.97                                      | 1.97                                     | 0.60                                     | 2.58                                     | 11.73                            |
| 4        | Bihar                        | 28.05                 | 25.46                                      | 10.33                                    | 2.69                                     | 13.02                                    | 51.14                            |
| 5        | Chhattisgarh                 | 12.65                 | 11.55                                      | 4.53                                     | 0.82                                     | 5.35                                     | 46.34                            |
| 6        | Delhi                        | 0.32                  | 0.29                                       | 0.07                                     | 0.22                                     | 0.29                                     | 101.40                           |
| 7        | Goa                          | 0.40                  | 0.32                                       | 0.02                                     | 0.05                                     | 0.08                                     | 23.48                            |
| 8        | Gujarat                      | 26.81                 | 24.91                                      | 12.65                                    | 0.64                                     | 13.30                                    | 53.39                            |
| 9        | Haryana                      | 9.53                  | 8.63                                       | 10.47                                    | 1.15                                     | 11.61                                    | 134.56                           |
| 10       | Himachal Pradesh             | 1.07                  | 0.97                                       | 0.20                                     | 0.16                                     | 0.36                                     | 36.83                            |
| 11       | Jharkhand                    | 6.15                  | 5.64                                       | 0.93                                     | 0.72                                     | 1.64                                     | 29.13                            |
| 12       | Karnataka                    | 18.16                 | 16.40                                      | 9.60                                     | 1.03                                     | 10.63                                    | 64.85                            |
| 13       | Kerala                       | 5.65                  | 5.12                                       | 1.16                                     | 1.48                                     | 2.65                                     | 51.68                            |
| 14       | Madhya Pradesh               | 36.16                 | 33.38                                      | 17.33                                    | 1.64                                     | 18.97                                    | 56.82                            |
| 15       | Maharashtra                  | 32.01                 | 30.25                                      | 15.29                                    | 1.34                                     | 16.63                                    | 54.99                            |
| 16       | Manipur                      | 0.51                  | 0.46                                       | 0.003                                    | 0.02                                     | 0.02                                     | 5.12                             |
| 17       | Meghalaya                    | 2.04                  | 1.82                                       | 0.03                                     | 0.05                                     | 0.08                                     | 4.22                             |
| 18       | Mizoram                      | 0.22                  | 0.20                                       | 0.00                                     | 0.01                                     | 0.01                                     | 3.81                             |
| 19       | Nagaland                     | 2.17                  | 1.95                                       | 0.002                                    | 0.02                                     | 0.02                                     | 1.04                             |
| 20       | Odisha                       | 17.08                 | 15.71                                      | 5.50                                     | 1.36                                     | 6.86                                     | 43.65                            |
| 21       | Punjab                       | 22.80                 | 20.59                                      | 32.80                                    | 1.05                                     | 33.85                                    | 164.42                           |
| 22       | Rajasthan                    | 12.24                 | 11.07                                      | 14.37                                    | 2.27                                     | 16.63                                    | 150.22                           |
| 23       | Sikkim                       | 0.96                  | 0.86                                       | 0.00                                     | 0.01                                     | 0.01                                     | 0.86                             |
| 24       | Tamil Nadu                   | 19.59                 | 17.69                                      | 13.52                                    | 1.15                                     | 14.67                                    | 82.93                            |
| 25       | Telangana                    | 16.63                 | 15.03                                      | 7.13                                     | 0.88                                     | 8.01                                     | 53.32                            |
| 26       | Tripura                      | 1.47                  | 1.24                                       | 0.02                                     | 0.08                                     | 0.10                                     | 7.94                             |
| 27       | Uttar Pradesh                | 72.20                 | 66.88                                      | 41.29                                    | 4.74                                     | 46.03                                    | 68.83                            |
| 28       | Uttarakhand                  | 2.02                  | 1.85                                       | 0.63                                     | 0.24                                     | 0.87                                     | 46.80                            |
| 29       | West Bengal*                 | 29.33                 | 26.56                                      | 10.84                                    | 1.00                                     | 11.84                                    | 44.60                            |
| 30       | Andaman and Nicobar          | 0.32                  | 0.28                                       | 0.0001                                   | 0.01                                     | 0.01                                     | 2.60                             |
| 31       | Chandigarh                   | 0.06                  | 0.06                                       | 0.01                                     | 0.04                                     | 0.05                                     | 80.60                            |
| 32       | Dadra &Nagar Haveli          | 0.07                  | 0.07                                       | 0.01                                     | 0.02                                     | 0.03                                     | 45.99                            |
|          | Daman &Diu                   | 0.03                  | 0.03                                       | 0.003                                    | 0.03                                     | 0.03                                     | 113.38                           |
| 33       | Jammu and Kashmir            | 4.68                  | 4.22                                       | 0.20                                     | 0.69                                     | 0.89                                     | 21.03                            |
| 34       | Ladakh                       | 0.12                  | 0.11                                       | 0.001                                    | 0.02                                     | 0.02                                     | 17.90                            |
| 35       | Lakshadweep                  | 0.01                  | 0.005                                      | 0.00                                     | 0.003                                    | 0.003                                    | 58.47                            |
| 36       | Puducherry                   | 0.22                  | 0.20                                       | 0.10                                     | 0.05                                     | 0.15                                     | 74.27                            |
|          | Grand Total                  | 436.15                | 397.62                                     | 217.61                                   | 27.30                                    | 244.92                                   | 61.60                            |

NOTE- The Ground Water resources assessment as on 2013 has been considered for the state of West Bengal.

## ANNEXURE II

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (c) & (d) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 790 TO BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 21.07.2022 REGARDING 'GROUND WATER IN CITIES'.

## States Wise Number of Partly Affected Districts with different Contaminants in Ground Water of India

| S.No.   | State/ UT         | Salinity (EC above 3000 micro mhos/ cm) (EC : Electrical Conductivity)   | Fluoride (above 1.5 mg/l)                | Nitrate (above 45 mg/l)                  | Arsenic (above 0.01 mg/l)                | Iron (above 1mg/l )                     | Lead (above 0.01 mg/l)                    | Cadmium (above 0.003 mg/l)              | Chromium (above 0.05 mg/l)               |
|---------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| 1       | Andhra Pradesh    | 12                                                                       | 12                                       | 13                                       | 7                                        | 12                                      | 2                                         |                                         | 1                                        |
| 2       | Telangana         | 9                                                                        | 10                                       | 10                                       | 1                                        | 9                                       | 4                                         | 1                                       | 1                                        |
| 3       | Assam             |                                                                          | 17                                       |                                          | 20                                       | 22                                      | 5                                         |                                         | 1                                        |
| 4       | Arunachal Pradesh |                                                                          |                                          |                                          |                                          | 5                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 5       | Bihar             | 1                                                                        | 13                                       | 27                                       | 27                                       | 35                                      | 6                                         |                                         |                                          |
| 6       | Chhattisgarh      | 1                                                                        | 22                                       | 23                                       | 4                                        | 22                                      | 5                                         | 1                                       | 1                                        |
| 7       | Delhi             | 8                                                                        | 7                                        | 8                                        | 3                                        | 1                                       | 3                                         | 2                                       | 5                                        |
| 8       | Goa               |                                                                          |                                          |                                          |                                          | 2                                       |                                           |                                         | 1                                        |
| 9       | Gujarat           | 23                                                                       | 24                                       | 26                                       | 12                                       | 11                                      | 1                                         |                                         |                                          |
| 10      | Haryana           | 18                                                                       | 21                                       | 21                                       | 16                                       | 19                                      | 17                                        | 8                                       | 3                                        |
| 11      | Himachal Pradesh  |                                                                          | 1                                        | 7                                        | 1                                        | 5                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 12      | Jammu &Kashmir    |                                                                          | 2                                        | 6                                        | 3                                        | 10                                      | 3                                         | 1                                       | 1                                        |
| 13      | Jharkhand         |                                                                          | 16                                       | 23                                       | 2                                        | 23                                      | 25                                        |                                         |                                          |
| 14      | Karnataka         | 29                                                                       | 30                                       | 29                                       | 3                                        | 22                                      | 1                                         |                                         | 7                                        |
| 15      | Kerala            | 4                                                                        | 5                                        | 12                                       | 1                                        | 15                                      | 4                                         |                                         | 1                                        |
| 16      | Madhya Pradesh    | 19                                                                       | 44                                       | 51                                       | 9                                        | 47                                      | 16                                        | 2                                       |                                          |
| 17      | Maharashtra       | 28                                                                       | 20                                       | 30                                       |                                          | 24                                      | 20                                        | 1                                       |                                          |
| 18      | Manipur           |                                                                          | 1                                        |                                          | 2                                        | 4                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 19      | Meghalaya         |                                                                          | 4                                        |                                          |                                          | 7                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 20      | Nagaland          |                                                                          | 3                                        |                                          |                                          | 5                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 21      | Odisha            | 18                                                                       | 26                                       | 28                                       | 5                                        | 31                                      | 4                                         |                                         | 2                                        |
| 22      | Punjab            | 12                                                                       | 19                                       | 23                                       | 16                                       | 13                                      | 10                                        | 8                                       | 10                                       |
| 23      | Rajasthan         | 30                                                                       | 33                                       | 33                                       | 10                                       | 33                                      | 14                                        |                                         |                                          |
| 24      | Tamil Nadu        | 29                                                                       | 27                                       | 33                                       | 12                                       | 16                                      | 6                                         | 1                                       | 7                                        |
| 25      | Tripura           |                                                                          | 3                                        |                                          | 3                                        | 8                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 26      | Uttar Pradesh     | 14                                                                       | 39                                       | 62                                       | 36                                       | 58                                      | 16                                        | 2                                       | 17                                       |
| 27      | Uttarakhand       |                                                                          | 1                                        | 4                                        | 3                                        | 8                                       | 7                                         |                                         | 1                                        |
| 28      | West Bengal       | 9                                                                        | 9                                        | 14                                       | 11                                       | 21                                      | 7                                         | 2                                       | 3                                        |
| 29      | Andaman &Nicobar  | 1                                                                        |                                          |                                          |                                          | 3                                       |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 30      | Daman &Diu        | 1                                                                        |                                          | 2                                        | 1                                        |                                         |                                           |                                         |                                          |
| 31      | Puducherry        |                                                                          |                                          | 2                                        | 1                                        |                                         |                                           |                                         |                                          |
|         | Total             | Parts of 266 districts in 19 states &UTs                                 | Parts of 409 districts in 26 states &UTs | Parts of 487 districts in 23 states &UTs | Parts of 209 districts in 25 states &UTs | Parts of 491districts in 29 states &UTs | Pb in parts of 176 districts in 21 states | Cd in parts of 29 districts in 11states | Cr in parts of 62 districts in 16 states |

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