Lok Sabha Question No. 78 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-07-18
Subject: Male and Female Participation Rate
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy, Behanan Benny, Balashowry Vallabbhaneni, Faizal P.P. Mohammed, Jaskaur Meena, Kumbakudi Sudhakaran

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.78

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 18 TH  JULY, 2022 MALE AND FEMALE PARTICIPATION RATE

78.  SHRI MAGUNTA SREENIVASULU REDDY:

SHRI BENNY BEHANAN:

SHRI BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI:

SHRI MOHAMMED FAIZAL P.P.:

SHRIMATI JASKAUR MEENA:

SHRI KUMBAKUDI SUDHAKARAN:

## Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of male and female labour participation rate in the country during the last ten years, year-wise, sector-wise and State-wise;
- (b) whether  the  Ministry  considers  that  10  crore  students  as  well  as  those engaged in unpaid activities have lost hope and dropped out of work or are not  seeking  work  for  other  reasons  if  so,  the  efforts  being  made  by  the Government to create more employment opportunities in the country;
- (c) the labour force participation rate of females in India, both rural and urban, year wise from 2014 till date;
- (d) the number of females who have left the workforce, year-wise between 201213 and 2021-22 along with the total unemployment rate among women for the last ten years  along  with  the  details  of initiatives  undertaken  by  the Government to specifically address the lack of employment opportunities for women  after  the  pandemic  and  the  estimated  extent  of  loss  to  the  GDP because of low female labour force participation;
- (e) the details of percentage of participation of women workers in work force in comparison with men; and
- (f) whether  the  percentage  of  women  workers  is  much  lower  than  the  male workers and if so, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI RAMESWAR TELI)

(a) & (b): As per the available reports of Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey conducted  by  the  Labour  Bureau,  Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment  during  the year 2011-12 to 2016-17 and Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) conducted by the Ministry  of  Statistics  &  Programme  Implementation  (MoSPI)  since  2017-18,  the State/UT-wise  estimated  Labour  Force  Participation  Rate  (LFPR)  for  male  and female on usual status for age 15 years and above for past ten years is at Annexure I and sector-wise percentage distribution of workers is at Annexure II.

As per the available data, it is evident that labour force participation rate is increasing which indicates that more and more people are joining Labour Force.

Employment generation coupled with improving employability is the priority of the Government. Accordingly, the Government of India has taken various steps for generating  employment  in  the  country.  The  Government  of  India  has  announced Aatmanirbhar Bharat package to provide stimulus to business and to mitigate the adverse impact of Covid 19. Under this package, the Government is providing fiscal stimulus of more than Rupees Twenty Seven lakh crore. This package comprises of various long term schemes/ programmes/ policies for making the country self-reliant and to create employment opportunities.

Aatmanirbhar  Bharat  Rojgar  Yojana  (ABRY)  has  been  launched  with  effect from  1st  October,  2020  as  part  of  Atmanirbhar  Bharat  package  3.0  to  incentivize employers for creation of new employment along with social security benefits and restoration  of  loss  of  employment  during  Covid-19  pandemic.  This  scheme  being implemented through the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), seeks to reduce  the  financial  burden  of  the  employers  and  encourages  them  to  hire  more workers. The terminal date for registration of beneficiaries has been extended from 30.06.2021 to 31.03.2022. Benefits have been provided to 59.53 lakh beneficiaries through 1.50 lakh establishments till 10.07.2022

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is being implemented by the Government for facilitating self-employment. Under PMMY, collateral free loans upto Rs. 10 lakh, are extended to micro/small business enterprises and to individuals to enable  them  to  setup  or  expand  their  business  activities.  Upto  08.07.2022,  35.94 crore loans were sanctioned under the scheme.

PM  GatiShakti  is  a  transformative  approach  for  economic  growth  and sustainable development. The approach is driven by seven engines, namely, Roads, Railways, Airports, Ports, Mass Transport, Waterways and Logistics Infrastructure. This approach is powered by Clean Energy and Sabka Prayas leading to huge job and entrepreneurial opportunities for all.

The Government has put emphasis on railways, roads, urban transport, power, telecom,  textiles  and  affordable  housing  amid  continued  focus  on  the  National Infrastructure Pipeline. Budget 2021-22 launched Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, with an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore, for a period of 5 years starting from 2021-22. All these initiatives are expected to collectively generate employment and boost output in the medium to long term through multiplier-effects.

The Government of India is encouraging various projects involving substantial investment  and  public  expenditure  on  schemes  like  Prime  Minister's  Employment Generation  Programme  (PMEGP),  Pt.  Deen  Dayal  Upadhyaya  Grameen  Kaushalya Yojana  (DDU-GKY)  and  Deen  Dayal  Antodaya  Yojana-National  Urban  Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) etc for employment generation.

Further,  the  Ministry  of  Skill  Development  and  Entrepreneurship  (MSDE)  is implementing the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY) to enhance the employability of youth.

Besides  these  initiatives,  various  flagship  programmes  of  the  Government such  as  Make  in  India,  Start-up  India,  Stand-up  India,  Digital  India,  Smart  City Mission, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, Housing for All, Infrastructure  Development  and  Industrial  Corridors  are  also  oriented  towards generating employment opportunities.

(c):  Labour force participation rate for females of age 15 years and above both in rural and urban areas since 2013-14 is as under :

| Labour Force Participation Rate for females (in %)   | Labour Force Participation Rate for females (in %)   | Labour Force Participation Rate for females (in %)   | Labour Force Participation Rate for females (in %)   |
|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| Survey                                               | Year                                                 | Rural                                                | Urban                                                |
| Labour Bureau Survey                                 | 2013-14                                              | 36.4                                                 | 19.7                                                 |
|                                                      | 2015-16                                              | 31.7                                                 | 16.6                                                 |
|                                                      | 2016-17                                              | 29.5                                                 | 20.1                                                 |
| Periodic Labour Force                                | 2017-18                                              | 24.6                                                 | 20.4                                                 |
|                                                      | 2018-19                                              | 26.4                                                 | 20.4                                                 |
| Survey (PLFS)                                        | 2019-20                                              | 33.0                                                 | 23.3                                                 |
|                                                      | 2020-21                                              | 36.5                                                 | 23.2                                                 |

Source : PLFS, MoSPI and Labour Bureau

Results from both surveys viz. PLFS and Labour Bureau are not comparable due  to  different  sampling  methodology  and  coverage.  PLFS  covers  seasonality  of labour force as it is conducted during the period July to June (i.e. full year) whereas field  work  in  Labour  Bureau  survey  varied  from  7  to  9  months  and  therefore, complete seasonality was not covered.

(d): As per the available reports of Labour Bureau Survey and PLFS, the estimated Unemployment Rate (UR) and Worker Population Ratio (WPR) for female on usual status for age 15 years and above since 2012-13 is as under: (in %)

| Survey                              | Years   |   UR |   WPR |
|-------------------------------------|---------|------|-------|
| Labour Bureau Survey                | 2012-13 |  5.6 |  25   |
| Labour Bureau Survey                | 2013-14 |  4.9 |  29.6 |
| Labour Bureau Survey                | 2015-16 |  5.8 |  25.8 |
| Labour Bureau Survey                | 2016-17 |  6.1 |  25.2 |
| Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) | 2017-18 |  5.6 |  22   |
|                                     | 2018-19 |  5.1 |  23.3 |
|                                     | 2019-20 |  4.2 |  28.7 |
|                                     | 2020-21 |  3.5 |  31.4 |

Source : PLFS, MoSPI and Labour Bureau

The Government has taken various steps to improve women's participation in the labour force and quality of their employment. A number of protective provisions have been incorporated in the labour laws for equal opportunity and congenial work environment  for  women  workers.  The  Code  on  Social  Security,  2020  has  the provisions  for  enhancement  in  paid  maternity  leave  from  12  weeks  to  26  weeks, provision  for  mandatory  crèche  facility  in  the  establishments  having  50  or  more employees,  permitting  women  workers  in  the  night  shifts  with  adequate  safety measures, etc.

The Code on Occupational Safety, Health And Working Conditions (OSH), 2020 has  the  provisions  for  the  employment  of  women  in  the  aboveground  mines including  opencast  workings  has  been  allowed  between  7  pm  and  6  am,  and  in below  ground  working  between  6  am  and  7  pm  in  technical,  supervisory  and managerial work where continuous presence may not be required.

The Code on Wages 2019 has provisions that there shall be no discrimination in an establishment or any unit thereof among employees on the ground of gender in matters relating to wages by the same employer, in respect of the same work or work of similar nature done by any employee. Further, no employer shall make any discrimination  on  the  ground  of  sex  while  recruiting  any  employee  for  the  same work or work of similar nature in the conditions of employment, except where the employment of women in such work is prohibited or restricted by or under any law for the time being in force.

To enhance the employability of female workers, the Government is providing training to them through a network of Women Industrial Training institutes, National Vocational Training Institutes and Regional Vocational Training Institutes.

(e)  &  (f):  As  per  the  available  Annual  PLFS  Reports,  the  Worker  Population  Ratio (WPR) on usual status for age 15 years and above for both male and female is as under :

| Worker Population Ratio as per PLFS (in %)   | Worker Population Ratio as per PLFS (in %)   | Worker Population Ratio as per PLFS (in %)   |
|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| Year                                         | Male                                         | Female                                       |
| 2017-18                                      | 71.2                                         | 22.0                                         |
| 2018-19                                      | 71.0                                         | 23.3                                         |
| 2019-20                                      | 73.0                                         | 28.7                                         |
| 2020-21                                      | 73.5                                         | 31.4                                         |

Source: PLFS, MoSPI

Some studies indicate that most women work and contribute to the economy in one form or another, much of their work is not documented or accounted for in official statistics, and thus women's work tends to be under-reported. However, as on 12.07.2022, out of the total registration of the unorganized workers on e-SHRAM Portal on self-declaration basis, 52.84% are women.

******

Annexure referred to in reply of part (a) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 78 due for reply on 18.07.2022

State/UT-wise  details  of  Labour  Force  Participation  Rate  (LFPR)  for  male  and  female  of  age  15 years and above according to usual status approach

| States/UTs          | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Labour Bureau Survey   |
|---------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| States/UTs          | 2011-12                                                              | 2011-12                                                              | 2012-13                                                              | 2012-13                                                              | 2013-14                                                              | 2013-14                                                              | 2015-16                                                              | 2015-16                                                              | 2016-17                                                              | 2016-17                                                              |
| States/UTs          | Male                                                                 | Female                                                               | Male                                                                 | Female                                                               | Male                                                                 | Female                                                               | Male                                                                 | Female                                                               | Male                                                                 | Female                                                               |
| Andhra Pradesh      | 78.8                                                                 | 52.7                                                                 | 78.1                                                                 | 46.0                                                                 | 82.6                                                                 | 51.3                                                                 | 78.5                                                                 | 48.8                                                                 | 82.2                                                                 | 52.2                                                                 |
| Arunachal Pradesh   | 73.7                                                                 | 41.9                                                                 | 77.1                                                                 | 51.6                                                                 | 74.7                                                                 | 60.9                                                                 | 75.5                                                                 | 53.2                                                                 | 74.5                                                                 | 39.9                                                                 |
| Assam               | 82.0                                                                 | 29.1                                                                 | 81.4                                                                 | 29.0                                                                 | 83.8                                                                 | 36.0                                                                 | 75.3                                                                 | 26.7                                                                 | 82.4                                                                 | 39.5                                                                 |
| Bihar               | 78.8                                                                 | 22.7                                                                 | 75.5                                                                 | 11.5                                                                 | 77.7                                                                 | 18.1                                                                 | 78.1                                                                 | 18.5                                                                 | 76.3                                                                 | 10.6                                                                 |
| Chhattisgarh        | 82.6                                                                 | 54.8                                                                 | 78.6                                                                 | 45.6                                                                 | 81.3                                                                 | 52.0                                                                 | 80.9                                                                 | 54.8                                                                 | 74.3                                                                 | 39.9                                                                 |
| Delhi               | 74.3                                                                 | 15.7                                                                 | 71.1                                                                 | 13.3                                                                 | 69.0                                                                 | 11.1                                                                 | 67.0                                                                 | 12.6                                                                 | 68.7                                                                 | 14.3                                                                 |
| Goa                 | 72.3                                                                 | 28.0                                                                 | 73.1                                                                 | 26.6                                                                 | 73.8                                                                 | 30.9                                                                 | 75.0                                                                 | 25.0                                                                 | 71.7                                                                 | 26.6                                                                 |
| Gujarat             | 80.8                                                                 | 27.9                                                                 | 78.5                                                                 | 17.7                                                                 | 79.8                                                                 | 24.7                                                                 | 76.4                                                                 | 20.0                                                                 | 78.1                                                                 | 19.1                                                                 |
| Haryana             | 70.4                                                                 | 14.7                                                                 | 71.5                                                                 | 16.4                                                                 | 72.9                                                                 | 17.2                                                                 | 70.6                                                                 | 19.7                                                                 | 72.0                                                                 | 15.8                                                                 |
| Himachal Pradesh    | 81.3                                                                 | 63.1                                                                 | 78.3                                                                 | 59.3                                                                 | 78.5                                                                 | 60.4                                                                 | 72.5                                                                 | 18.0                                                                 | 69.2                                                                 | 25.2                                                                 |
| Jammu &Kashmir      | 72.2                                                                 | 17.2                                                                 | 73.9                                                                 | 15.0                                                                 | 72.3                                                                 | 19.4                                                                 | 65.6                                                                 | 10.6                                                                 | 68.9                                                                 | 11.7                                                                 |
| Jharkhand           | 82.7                                                                 | 38.9                                                                 | 80.0                                                                 | 30.5                                                                 | 83.2                                                                 | 46.5                                                                 | 82.0                                                                 | 49.0                                                                 | 75.5                                                                 | 19.6                                                                 |
| Karnataka           | 79.1                                                                 | 37.2                                                                 | 78.2                                                                 | 33.1                                                                 | 79.3                                                                 | 35.3                                                                 | 77.5                                                                 | 33.9                                                                 | 79.1                                                                 | 35.9                                                                 |
| Kerala              | 72.1                                                                 | 28.2                                                                 | 66.7                                                                 | 25.9                                                                 | 73.4                                                                 | 34.7                                                                 | 71.7                                                                 | 31.4                                                                 | 71.3                                                                 | 32.9                                                                 |
| Madhya Pradesh      | 80.5                                                                 | 33.4                                                                 | 81.8                                                                 | 32.6                                                                 | 83.5                                                                 | 34.7                                                                 | 71.2                                                                 | 18.3                                                                 | 76.8                                                                 | 23.0                                                                 |
| Maharashtra         | 76.6                                                                 | 38.1                                                                 | 74.2                                                                 | 34.1                                                                 | 75.6                                                                 | 35.4                                                                 | 71.5                                                                 | 33.4                                                                 | 75.4                                                                 | 36.9                                                                 |
| Manipur             | 70.9                                                                 | 56.7                                                                 | 72.5                                                                 | 37.7                                                                 | 73.9                                                                 | 52.6                                                                 | 76.5                                                                 | 47.7                                                                 | 73.3                                                                 | 55.3                                                                 |
| Meghalaya           | 80.0                                                                 | 58.4                                                                 | 72.2                                                                 | 49.9                                                                 | 79.3                                                                 | 61.2                                                                 | 77.0                                                                 | 53.6                                                                 | 76.8                                                                 | 56.9                                                                 |
| Mizoram             | 69.1                                                                 | 59.6                                                                 | 77.1                                                                 | 52.8                                                                 | 82.1                                                                 | 62.9                                                                 | 77.0                                                                 | 60.4                                                                 | 74.1                                                                 | 62.3                                                                 |
| Nagaland            | 70.7                                                                 | 51.5                                                                 | 63.7                                                                 | 36.8                                                                 | 67.1                                                                 | 37.5                                                                 | 74.1                                                                 | 59.6                                                                 | 66.7                                                                 | 41.1                                                                 |
| Odisha              | 78.9                                                                 | 25.4                                                                 | 81.2                                                                 | 26.9                                                                 | 80.2                                                                 | 30.1                                                                 | 78.9                                                                 | 25.4                                                                 | 75.4                                                                 | 20.5                                                                 |
| Punjab              | 72.6                                                                 | 9.8                                                                  | 73.4                                                                 | 13.8                                                                 | 72.4                                                                 | 11.4                                                                 | 71.5                                                                 | 11.6                                                                 | 73.6                                                                 | 16.9                                                                 |
| Rajasthan           | 73.8                                                                 | 30.4                                                                 | 74.2                                                                 | 28.0                                                                 | 75.2                                                                 | 34.8                                                                 | 75.4                                                                 | 32.8                                                                 | 73.2                                                                 | 27.0                                                                 |
| Sikkim              | 78.6                                                                 | 57.7                                                                 | 81.6                                                                 | 47.0                                                                 | 80.4                                                                 | 56.9                                                                 | 78.1                                                                 | 55.6                                                                 | 75.4                                                                 | 34.3                                                                 |
| Tamil Nadu          | 79.0                                                                 | 41.4                                                                 | 78.2                                                                 | 36.8                                                                 | 78.6                                                                 | 41.6                                                                 | 75.8                                                                 | 41.5                                                                 | 79.5                                                                 | 43.4                                                                 |
| Telangana           | 0.0                                                                  | 0.0                                                                  | 0.0                                                                  | 0.0                                                                  | 79.4                                                                 | 54.6                                                                 | 71.5                                                                 | 44.5                                                                 | 77.9                                                                 | 53.5                                                                 |
| Tripura             | 84.6                                                                 | 43.5                                                                 | 77.6                                                                 | 37.7                                                                 | 82.3                                                                 | 34.9                                                                 | 83.3                                                                 | 54.4                                                                 | 83.1                                                                 | 53.0                                                                 |
| Uttarakhand         | 71.9                                                                 | 23.5                                                                 | 71.0                                                                 | 22.2                                                                 | 70.6                                                                 | 28.6                                                                 | 70.7                                                                 | 22.5                                                                 | 67.9                                                                 | 22.5                                                                 |
| Uttar Pradesh       | 76.9                                                                 | 12.6                                                                 | 77.6                                                                 | 12.3                                                                 | 64.7                                                                 | 15.5                                                                 | 75.0                                                                 | 14.0                                                                 | 77.2                                                                 | 15.4                                                                 |
| West Bengal         | 80.2                                                                 | 24.6                                                                 | 80.8                                                                 | 22.8                                                                 | 80.6                                                                 | 18.7                                                                 | 81.3                                                                 | 22.0                                                                 | 80.7                                                                 | 20.7                                                                 |
| A &NIslands         | 78.6                                                                 | 33.7                                                                 | 58.7                                                                 | 24.7                                                                 | 78.2                                                                 | 42.2                                                                 | 85.2                                                                 | 36.2                                                                 | 79.5                                                                 | 26.9                                                                 |
| Chandigarh          | 76.1                                                                 | 11.3                                                                 | 67.2                                                                 | 13.4                                                                 | 66.3                                                                 | 12.4                                                                 | 63.2                                                                 | 8.2                                                                  | 69.1                                                                 | 6.1                                                                  |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli | 85.9                                                                 | 23.3                                                                 | 79.3                                                                 | 16.8                                                                 | 72.0                                                                 | 13.5                                                                 | 71.0                                                                 | 17.4                                                                 | 76.0                                                                 | 14.3                                                                 |
| Daman &Diu          | 78.0                                                                 | 20.1                                                                 | 82.0                                                                 | 8.8                                                                  | 72.8                                                                 | 3.4                                                                  | 81.2                                                                 | 15.5                                                                 | 80.4                                                                 | 19.7                                                                 |
| Lakshadweep         | 70.9                                                                 | 12.2                                                                 | 75.7                                                                 | 12.4                                                                 | 70.6                                                                 | 25.2                                                                 | 58.3                                                                 | 16.9                                                                 | 74.2                                                                 | 31.8                                                                 |
| Puducherry          | 79.1                                                                 | 29.2                                                                 | 77.9                                                                 | 26.4                                                                 | 70.6                                                                 | 27.9                                                                 | 77.3                                                                 | 31.3                                                                 | 74.6                                                                 | 30.1                                                                 |
| All India           | 77.9                                                                 | 30.0                                                                 | 77.2                                                                 | 26.5                                                                 | 75.7                                                                 | 31.1                                                                 | 75.5                                                                 | 27.4                                                                 | 76.8                                                                 | 26.9                                                                 |

Source: Annual Employment Unemployment Surveys, Labour Bureau, M/o Labour& Employment

## Annexure referred to in reply of part (a) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 78 due for reply on 18.07.2022

## State/UT-wise details of Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) for both male and female of age 15 years and above according to usual status approach

| States/UTs          | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   | Labour Force Participation Rate (in %) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey   |
|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| States/UTs          | 2017-18                                                                      | 2017-18                                                                      | 2018-19                                                                      | 2018-19                                                                      | 2019-20                                                                      | 2019-20                                                                      | 2020-21                                                                      | 2020-21                                                                      |
| States/UTs          | Male                                                                         | Female                                                                       | Male                                                                         | Female                                                                       | Male                                                                         | Female                                                                       | Male                                                                         | Female                                                                       |
| Andhra Pradesh      | 79.1                                                                         | 42.5                                                                         | 76.2                                                                         | 40.3                                                                         | 78.1                                                                         | 39.2                                                                         | 77.6                                                                         | 45.1                                                                         |
| Arunachal Pradesh   | 69.8                                                                         | 14.7                                                                         | 66.2                                                                         | 17.1                                                                         | 68.8                                                                         | 22.9                                                                         | 73.0                                                                         | 27.6                                                                         |
| Assam               | 80.3                                                                         | 12.7                                                                         | 77.6                                                                         | 12.7                                                                         | 77.0                                                                         | 16.4                                                                         | 79.2                                                                         | 24.6                                                                         |
| Bihar               | 68.6                                                                         | 4.1                                                                          | 73.1                                                                         | 4.3                                                                          | 73.0                                                                         | 9.5                                                                          | 71.0                                                                         | 10.7                                                                         |
| Chhattisgarh        | 79.2                                                                         | 49.3                                                                         | 76.7                                                                         | 48.4                                                                         | 82.3                                                                         | 53.1                                                                         | 76.2                                                                         | 53.9                                                                         |
| Delhi               | 75.0                                                                         | 14.3                                                                         | 75.2                                                                         | 17.8                                                                         | 73.5                                                                         | 16.1                                                                         | 72.3                                                                         | 13.8                                                                         |
| Goa                 | 70.0                                                                         | 30.9                                                                         | 72.4                                                                         | 29.9                                                                         | 75.7                                                                         | 28.2                                                                         | 68.7                                                                         | 27.3                                                                         |
| Gujarat             | 77.8                                                                         | 19.9                                                                         | 79.3                                                                         | 21.5                                                                         | 79.4                                                                         | 31.1                                                                         | 78.4                                                                         | 33.1                                                                         |
| Haryana             | 74.3                                                                         | 14.3                                                                         | 74.4                                                                         | 15.3                                                                         | 73.7                                                                         | 15.7                                                                         | 72.4                                                                         | 19.1                                                                         |
| Himachal Pradesh    | 75.8                                                                         | 49.6                                                                         | 75.8                                                                         | 59.2                                                                         | 82.0                                                                         | 65.0                                                                         | 81.7                                                                         | 62.6                                                                         |
| Jharkhand           | 73.9                                                                         | 15.4                                                                         | 76.4                                                                         | 20.7                                                                         | 76.9                                                                         | 35.7                                                                         | 78.9                                                                         | 43.9                                                                         |
| Karnataka           | 77.8                                                                         | 26.0                                                                         | 76.5                                                                         | 24.9                                                                         | 77.4                                                                         | 33.8                                                                         | 78.4                                                                         | 35.9                                                                         |
| Kerala              | 70.1                                                                         | 26.5                                                                         | 71.2                                                                         | 30.6                                                                         | 71.7                                                                         | 31.9                                                                         | 72.2                                                                         | 33.2                                                                         |
| Madhya Pradesh      | 80.0                                                                         | 31.7                                                                         | 78.8                                                                         | 27.9                                                                         | 80.0                                                                         | 37.7                                                                         | 81.4                                                                         | 40.5                                                                         |
| Maharashtra         | 74.9                                                                         | 30.8                                                                         | 73.8                                                                         | 31.6                                                                         | 75.6                                                                         | 38.7                                                                         | 75.4                                                                         | 36.0                                                                         |
| Manipur             | 71.3                                                                         | 23.5                                                                         | 72.0                                                                         | 26.3                                                                         | 70.9                                                                         | 29.9                                                                         | 65.4                                                                         | 21.4                                                                         |
| Meghalaya           | 76.4                                                                         | 51.2                                                                         | 76.2                                                                         | 51.2                                                                         | 75.3                                                                         | 45.7                                                                         | 75.4                                                                         | 51.6                                                                         |
| Mizoram             | 73.6                                                                         | 30.0                                                                         | 68.7                                                                         | 29.2                                                                         | 69.8                                                                         | 37.0                                                                         | 70.3                                                                         | 41.7                                                                         |
| Nagaland            | 64.8                                                                         | 16.7                                                                         | 69.1                                                                         | 22.7                                                                         | 76.0                                                                         | 43.0                                                                         | 74.1                                                                         | 47.6                                                                         |
| Odisha              | 78.6                                                                         | 19.5                                                                         | 79.0                                                                         | 24.4                                                                         | 78.3                                                                         | 33.1                                                                         | 80.1                                                                         | 33.2                                                                         |
| Punjab              | 74.9                                                                         | 15.5                                                                         | 73.9                                                                         | 19.1                                                                         | 77.2                                                                         | 23.7                                                                         | 77.2                                                                         | 23.1                                                                         |
| Rajasthan           | 73.5                                                                         | 27.0                                                                         | 74.5                                                                         | 31.4                                                                         | 76.2                                                                         | 38.6                                                                         | 75.7                                                                         | 39.9                                                                         |
| Sikkim              | 76.0                                                                         | 43.9                                                                         | 73.9                                                                         | 50.3                                                                         | 79.8                                                                         | 59.4                                                                         | 82.5                                                                         | 61.1                                                                         |
| Tamil Nadu          | 77.7                                                                         | 33.7                                                                         | 74.8                                                                         | 37.0                                                                         | 77.9                                                                         | 40.2                                                                         | 78.5                                                                         | 43.0                                                                         |
| Telangana           | 74.9                                                                         | 32.6                                                                         | 72.4                                                                         | 38.3                                                                         | 75.7                                                                         | 44.3                                                                         | 76.0                                                                         | 45.4                                                                         |
| Tripura             | 75.0                                                                         | 12.5                                                                         | 75.6                                                                         | 16.6                                                                         | 78.1                                                                         | 24.2                                                                         | 80.6                                                                         | 30.8                                                                         |
| Uttarakhand         | 69.8                                                                         | 18.1                                                                         | 71.7                                                                         | 19.4                                                                         | 74.6                                                                         | 31.8                                                                         | 72.5                                                                         | 31.5                                                                         |
| Uttar Pradesh       | 75.1                                                                         | 13.5                                                                         | 73.1                                                                         | 13.6                                                                         | 76.0                                                                         | 17.7                                                                         | 77.3                                                                         | 22.6                                                                         |
| West Bengal         | 79.3                                                                         | 20.8                                                                         | 81.1                                                                         | 22.2                                                                         | 80.0                                                                         | 24.0                                                                         | 81.7                                                                         | 28.7                                                                         |
| Andaman &N. Island  | 80.7                                                                         | 33.5                                                                         | 81.2                                                                         | 31.2                                                                         | 75.9                                                                         | 35.9                                                                         | 80.9                                                                         | 46.1                                                                         |
| Chandigarh          | 78.0                                                                         | 25.2                                                                         | 74.4                                                                         | 24.7                                                                         | 77.3                                                                         | 20.4                                                                         | 68.7                                                                         | 24.1                                                                         |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli | 87.3                                                                         | 39.7                                                                         | 87.2                                                                         | 43.0                                                                         | 89.5                                                                         | 52.3                                                                         | 76.9                                                                         | 30.6                                                                         |
| Daman &Diu          | 88.4                                                                         | 24.9                                                                         | 86.8                                                                         | 18.1                                                                         | 87.9                                                                         | 35.8                                                                         |                                                                              |                                                                              |
| Jammu &Kashmir      | 75.9                                                                         | 30.2                                                                         | 76.6                                                                         | 33.8                                                                         | 74.3                                                                         | 37.4                                                                         | 74.0                                                                         | 43.4                                                                         |
| Ladakh              | -                                                                            | -                                                                            | -                                                                            | -                                                                            | 72.8                                                                         | 51.1                                                                         | 72.4                                                                         | 69.6                                                                         |
| Lakshadweep         | 74.9                                                                         | 18.4                                                                         | 71.7                                                                         | 17.8                                                                         | 81.2                                                                         | 29.7                                                                         | 74.5                                                                         | 19.4                                                                         |
| Puducherry          | 69.4                                                                         | 17.1                                                                         | 76.7                                                                         | 31.2                                                                         | 71.6                                                                         | 31.6                                                                         | 76.9                                                                         | 29.3                                                                         |
| All India           | 75.8                                                                         | 23.3                                                                         | 75.5                                                                         | 24.5                                                                         | 76.8                                                                         | 30.0                                                                         | 77.0                                                                         | 32.5                                                                         |

Source : Annual report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), M/o Statistics and Programme Implementation Note: For comparability, the results of above mentioned surveys i.e. Labour Bureau and PLFS need to be understood in the context with which the survey methodology and sample selection has been designed.

## Annexure referred to in reply of part (a) of the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 78 due for reply on 18.07.2022

## Sector-wise Percentage distribution of workers according to usual status approach

| Survey                             | Years   |   Primary sector |   Secondary sector |   Tertiary sector |
|------------------------------------|---------|------------------|--------------------|-------------------|
| Labour Bureau Survey               | 2011-12 |             53.8 |               19.3 |              26.9 |
| Labour Bureau Survey               | 2012-13 |             50.8 |               20.8 |              28.4 |
| Labour Bureau Survey               | 2013-14 |             48.3 |               22.4 |              29.3 |
| Labour Bureau Survey               | 2015-16 |             47.3 |               21.9 |              31   |
| Labour Bureau Survey               | 2016-17 |             63.8 |               23   |              13.1 |
| Periodic Labour Force Survey(PLFS) | 2017-18 |             44.1 |               24.8 |              31.1 |
| Periodic Labour Force Survey(PLFS) | 2018-19 |             42.5 |               25.2 |              32.3 |
| Periodic Labour Force Survey(PLFS) | 2019-20 |             45.6 |               23.7 |              30.7 |
| Periodic Labour Force Survey(PLFS) | 2020-21 |             46.5 |               23.9 |              29.6 |

Note: For comparability, the results of above mentioned surveys i.e. Labour Bureau and PLFS need to be understood in the context with which the survey methodology and sample selection has been designed.