Lok Sabha Question No. 2793 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2023-03-17
Subject: Neonatal Mortality
Ministry: HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Asked by: Badruddin Ajmal

(a) to (e):

As per  Sample  Registration  System  Report,  Neonatal  Mortality  Rate  at  National  level  has reduced from 24 per 1,000 live births in 2016 to 20 per 1,000 live births in 2020.

As  per  Cause  of  Death  Statistics  2017-19  released  by  Office  of  the  Registrar  General  & Census Commissioner, India, major causes of new-borns deaths in India are Prematurity & low birth weight (45.5), Birth asphyxia & birth trauma (15.1), Neonatal  Pneumonia (12.6), Other non-communicable diseases (8.0), Sepsis (5.2), Congenital anomalies (4.9), Ill-defined or  cause  unknown (4.5), Diarrhoeal diseases (2.1), Fever of unknown origin (1.1),  Injuries (0.6), and All Other Remaining Causes (0.4).

Details  of  State  -wise  Neonatal  Mortality  Rate  in  last  5  years  (2016  to  2020)  is  placed  at Annexure.

The  Ministry of  Health  and  Family  Welfare  (MoHFW)  supports  all  States/UTs  in implementation of Reproductive, Maternal, New-born,  Child, Adolescent health and Nutrition  (RMNCAH+N)  strategy  under  National  Health  Mission  (NHM)  based  on  the

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2793 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17 TH  MARCH 2023

## NEONATAL MORTALITY

2793: SHRI M. BADRUDDIN AJMAL:

Will the MINISTER of HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the UNICEF in its global report on neonatal mortality has revealed that nearly 6 lakh newborn die every year in India;
- (b) whether it is true that more than 80 per cent newborn die from preventable and treatable causes such as premature birth, complications during delivery and infections like sepsis and pneumonia;
- (c)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  along  with  the  kind  of  preventive  remedies  taken  by  the Government to save the life of children during last five years;
- (d)  the  details  of  schemes  being  implemented  to  protect  the  newborns  especially  in  rural areas; and
- (e) the details of newborn death, State/UT-wise and year-wise during the last five years?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

## (DR. BHARATI PRAVIN PAWAR)

Annual  Programme  Implementation  Plan  (APIP)  submitted  by  States/  UTs  to  reduce Neonatal Mortality Rate.

The details of interventions to reduce Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) are as follows:

-  Facility Based New-born Care: Sick New-born Care Units (SNCUs) are established at District Hospital and Medical College level, New-born Stabilization Units (NBSUs) are established at First Referral Units (FRUs)/ Community Health Centres (CHCs) for care of sick and small babies.
-  Community Based care of New-born and Young Children: Under Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) and Home-Based Care of Young Children (HBYC) program, home visits  are  performed by  ASHAs to improve child rearing practices and to identify sick new-born and young children in the community.
-  Mothers' Absolute Affection (MAA): Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding for first  six  months  and  appropriate  Infant  and  Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices are promoted under Mothers' Absolute Affection (MAA).
-  Social  Awareness  and  Actions  to  Neutralize  Pneumonia  Successfully  (SAANS) initiative  implemented  since  2019  for  reduction  of  childhood  morbidity  and  mortality due to Pneumonia.
-  Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is  implemented to provide vaccination to children  against  life  threatening  diseases  such  as  Tuberculosis,  Diphtheria,  Pertussis, Polio,  Tetanus,  Hepatitis  B,  Measles,  Rubella,  Pneumonia  and  Meningitis  caused  by Haemophilus  Influenzae  B.  The  Rotavirus  vaccination  has  also  been  rolled  out  in  the country for prevention of Rota-viral diarrhoea. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has been introduced in all the States and UTs.
-  Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram (RBSK): Children from 0 to 18 years of age are screened for 32 health conditions (i.e. Diseases, Deficiencies, Defects and Developmental delay)  under  Rashtriya  Bal  Swasthya  Karyakaram  (RBSK)  to  improve child survival. District Early Intervention Centres (DEICs) at district health facility level are established for confirmation and management of children screened under RBSK.
-  Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) are set up at public health facilities to treat and manage the children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) admitted with medical complications.
-  Intensified  Diarrhoea  Control  Fortnight initiative  implemented  for  promoting  ORS and Zinc use and for reducing diarrhoeal deaths.
-  Anaemia  Mukt  Bharat  (AMB)  strategy as  a  part  of  POSHAN  Abhiyan  aims  to strengthen the existing mechanisms and foster newer strategies to tackle anaemia which include testing & treatment of anaemia in school going adolescents & pregnant women, addressing  non-nutritional  causes  of  anaemia  and  a  comprehensive  communication strategy.
-  Capacity  Building: Several  capacity  building  programs  of  health  care  providers  are taken up for improving maternal and child survival and health outcomes.

| Status of Neonatal Mortality Rate   |   Status of Neonatal Mortality Rate |   Status of Neonatal Mortality Rate |   Status of Neonatal Mortality Rate |   Status of Neonatal Mortality Rate |   Status of Neonatal Mortality Rate |
|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
|                                     |                                2016 |                                2017 |                                2018 |                                2019 |                                2020 |
| India                               |                                  24 |                                  23 |                                  23 |                                  22 |                                  20 |
| Andhra Pradesh                      |                                  23 |                                  23 |                                  21 |                                  18 |                                  17 |
| Assam                               |                                  23 |                                  22 |                                  21 |                                  20 |                                  19 |
| Bihar                               |                                  27 |                                  28 |                                  25 |                                  23 |                                  21 |
| Chhattisgarh                        |                                  26 |                                  26 |                                  29 |                                  28 |                                  26 |
| Delhi                               |                                  12 |                                  14 |                                  10 |                                   8 |                                   9 |
| Gujarat                             |                                  21 |                                  21 |                                  19 |                                  17 |                                  16 |
| Haryana                             |                                  22 |                                  21 |                                  22 |                                  19 |                                  19 |
| Himachal Pradesh                    |                                  16 |                                  14 |                                  13 |                                  13 |                                  13 |
| Jammu &Kashmir                      |                                  18 |                                  17 |                                  17 |                                  15 |                                  12 |
| Jharkhand                           |                                  21 |                                  20 |                                  21 |                                  19 |                                  17 |
| Karnataka                           |                                  18 |                                  18 |                                  16 |                                  16 |                                  14 |
| Kerala                              |                                   6 |                                   5 |                                   5 |                                   5 |                                   4 |
| Madhya Pradesh                      |                                  32 |                                  33 |                                  35 |                                  33 |                                  31 |
| Maharashtra                         |                                  13 |                                  13 |                                  13 |                                  13 |                                  11 |
| Odisha                              |                                  32 |                                  32 |                                  31 |                                  30 |                                  28 |
| Punjab                              |                                  13 |                                  13 |                                  13 |                                  12 |                                  12 |
| Rajasthan                           |                                  28 |                                  27 |                                  26 |                                  25 |                                  23 |
| Tamil Nadu                          |                                  12 |                                  11 |                                  10 |                                  10 |                                   9 |
| Telangana                           |                                  21 |                                  20 |                                  19 |                                  17 |                                  15 |
| Uttar Pradesh                       |                                  30 |                                  30 |                                  32 |                                  30 |                                  28 |
| Uttarakhand                         |                                  30 |                                  24 |                                  22 |                                  19 |                                  17 |
| West Bengal                         |                                  17 |                                  17 |                                  16 |                                  15 |                                  14 |