opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 1084 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Malayalam FM Radio Services
Ministry: INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING
Asked by: Rajmohan Unnithan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1084

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 13.12.2022)

## MALAYALAM FM RADIO SERVICES

## 1084. SHRI RAJMOHAN UNNITHAN:

Will  the  Minister  of  INFORMATION  AND  BROADCASTING  be  pleased  to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  noticed  that  no  Frequency  Modulation (FM)  Radio  Malayalam  programmes  are  available  anywhere  in  the Kasaragod district and only Kannada FM channel is available in the northern part of the Kasaragod district and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether any steps have been taken/are being taken by the Government to increase the transmission power of the nearest Malayalam FM Radio station in Kannur FM radio to avail Malayalam FM Radio services in all parts of the district;
- (c) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (d)  the  details  of  the  progress  of  the  new  Community  Radio  Station  in Kasaragod and the number of applications approvals thereof?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING;

## AND MINISTER OF YOUTH AFFAIRS & SPORTS (SHRI ANURAG SINGH THAKUR)

(a) to (c) All India Radio has a 100 Watt FM Relay Station at Kasargod carrying AIR channel in Malayalam  for localised coverage. The broadcast follows line of sight and is not strictly bound by geographical boundaries. FM Broadcast from FM transmitters at Madikeri and Udupi in  adjacent  districts  of  Karnataka  is  also  available  in  some  parts  of Kasargod district. The  transmission  capacity  of  FM  Radio  Station  at  Kannur  has  been increased from 6 KW to 10 KW power. (d)  The  Government  of  India  has  signed  a  Grant  of  Permission Agreement with eligible organization for setting up of a community radio station in Kasargod. No application is pending for approval, for setting up of community radio station in Kasargod, in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 1083 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Terrorism Activities through Social Media
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Manoj Rajoria, Balak Nath, Ranjeeta Koli, Sumedhanand Saraswati

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1083

TO  BE  ANSWERED  ON  THE  13 TH   DECEMBER,  2022/AGRAHAYANA  22,  1944 (SAKA)

TERRORISM ACTIVITIES THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA

†1083. DR. MANOJ RAJORIA: SHRIMATI RANJEETA KOLI: SHRI BALAK NATH: SHRI SUMEDHANAND SARASWATI:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  terrorist  organizations  and  anti-national  forces  are  conducting several activities  including  terrorism  and  anti-national  activities  through  the social media and thereby impacting our culture;
- (b)  if  so,  the  efforts  being  made  by  the  Government  to  stop  the  said  antinational activities and prevent the contamination of our culture; and
- (c)  the efforts being made by the Government to suspend such social media accounts?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a): The  cyberspace  is  virtual,  borderless  and  offers  complete  anonymity. With a borderless cyberspace coupled with the possibility of instant communication and anonymity, the potential for spread of terror through the use  of  social  media  is  higher  than  ever,  posing  a  threat  to  sovereignty  and integrity of the country. The problem of terrorism in India is largely sponsored from  across  the  border.  The  Global  Terrorist  groups  and  some  foreign agencies inimical to India have been making efforts to radicalise people and spread terrorism through use of social media platforms, internet etc.

## L.S.US.Q.NO. 1083 FOR 13.12.2022

(b) & (c): The Law Enforcement Agencies keep a close watch on activities on  the  Social  Media  Platforms  and  take  suitable  action  as  per  the  legal provisions. Further, the Government under the Section 69A of the Information Technology Act 2000, blocks unlawful and malicious online content including social  media  account,  in  the  interest  of  sovereignty  and  integrity  of  India, defence of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence relating to above.

For effective and prompt investigation and prosecution of offences relating to cyber terrorism, National Investigation Agency (NIA) Act 2008 was amended in  2019  to  include  Section  66F  of  Information  Technology  Act,  2000  in  its Schedule.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 1082 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Incidents of Police Brutality
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Kumbakudi Sudhakaran

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1082

TO  BE  ANSWERED  ON  THE  13 TH   DECEMBER,  2022/AGRAHAYANA  22,  1944 (SAKA)

INCIDENTS OF POLICE BRUTALITY

1082. SHRI KUMBAKUDI SUDHAKARAN:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a) whether the Government has taken note of the recent incidents of Police brutality and human rights violations in the State of Kerala;

(b) if so, the action taken in this regard and if not, the reasons therefor; and

(c) whether the Government has taken note that custodial deaths in Kerala have increased by 100% in 2018-19, as per the records of National Human Rights  Commission  (NHRC),  if  so,  the  action  taken  in  this  regard  and  the directions given to Kerala State Police, for ensuring human rights protection?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a) to (b): 'Police' and 'Public Order' are State subjects as per the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. It is primarily the responsibility of the State  Government  concerned  to  ensure  protection  of  human  rights  of  the citizens. However, the Central government issues advisories to all States/UTs, from time to time. (c):  As  per  the  information  furnished  by  NHRC,  no  increase  in  custodial deaths in Kerala has been noticed in 2018-19.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1081 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Payment of FRP
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Sumalatha Ambareesh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1081

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 13 TH  DECEMBER 2022

## PAYMENT OF FRP

## 1081.   SHRIMATI SUMALATHA AMBAREESH:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE WELFARE कृ िष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any data regarding the Fair and Remunerative Prices (FRPs) paid to sugarcane farmers of Karnataka;
- (b) if so, the details regarding the same for farmers of Mandya;
- (c) whether the Government has observed that FRP is not being paid to farmers on time and is causing wide distress, discontent and financial difficulties for farmers of Mandya; and
- (d) if so, the details regarding the mechanism adopted to ensure that FRP is paid to sugarcane farmers on time?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ िष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a)  &  (b):      For  Sugar  Season  2021-22,  Cane  dues  payable  was  ₹  20,632  crore and  100% payment has been made to farmers. There are no dues pending in last 3 sugar seasons. Thus, no cane dues of sugarcane farmers of Mandya, Karnataka are pending.
- (c): As intimated by Cane Commissioner, Karnataka, from the last two years, all the sugar factories of Mandya District have paid the cane dues fully as per Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP).  The  payment  of  cane  arrears  is  a  continuous  process.  Therefore,  the  question  of distress, discontent and financial difficulties for farmers of Mandya does not arise.
- (d): As  per  the  Sugarcane  (Control)  Order,  1966,  the  sugar  mills  are  required  to  make payment of cane price to the farmers within 14 days of supply of cane to the concerned sugar mills, failing which interest at the rate of 15% per annum on amount due for the delayed period beyond 14 days is also payable. The powers for enforcing this provision has been delegated and  vested  with  the  State  Governments/UTs  Administrations  who  have  necessary  field formations. The Cane Commissioner Office of Karnataka is monitoring the cane price payment position of sugar factories once in every 15 days. In case of delay in payment, statutory show cause notices are issued to the concerned sugar mills for non-payment of cane bills.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1079 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Post Matric OBC Hostels
Ministry: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
Asked by: Pinaki Misra

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1079 TO BE ANSWERED ON 13.12.2022

1079. SHRI PINAKI MISRA:

## Will the Minister of SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has received proposals for construction of Post-Matric OBC Hostels under the PM-YASASVI Scheme from the State of Odisha and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the stipulated central assistance therein has been disbursed and if the details thereof; and SO,
- (c) the proposed timeline for disbursal of central assistance to the State of Odisha?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SUSHRI PRATIMA BHOUMIK)

- (a) to (c): Department of Social Justice and Empowerment has received proposals for construction of hostels for OBC and Girls from the State Government of Odisha These proposals were examined and were found incomplete. The State Government of Odisha has been informed of the deficiencies and to resubmit the complete proposals: boys

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1078 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Implementation of Muskan Yojana
Ministry: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
Asked by: Jaskaur Meena

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO: +1078 TO BE ANSWERED ON 13.12.2022

## IMPLEMENTATION OF MUSKAN YOJANA

+1078. SHRIMA TI JASKAUR MEENA:

Will the Minister of SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the salient features of the Muskan Yojana;
- (b) the funds sanctioned, allocated and utilized under this during the last three years and the current year in Rajasthan; yojana
- the targets set and achievements made under this yojana;
- (d) whether the Government is contemplating to make some amendments in this yojana; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRIA. NARAYANASWAMY)

- (a) to (e): The modalities of the implementation of the scheme namely "SMILE Support  for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise" are under consideration:

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1075 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Sale of Commodities
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Sangamlal Kadedin Gupta, P.P. Chaudhary, Pratap Chandra Sarangi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1075

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 13 TH  DECEMBER, 2022

## SALE OF COMMODITIES

1075.  SHRI SANGAM LAL GUPTA : SHRI P.P. CHAUDHARY: SHRI PRATAP CHANDRA SARANGI:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE क ृ िष एवं िकसान क  याण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government intends to increase the maximum limit for loss from 25% to 50%,  to  be  incurred  by  the  Union  Government  and  the  State  Government  on  the  sale  of commodities purchased at cost price under Market Intervention Scheme; and
- (b) if so, the time schedule for the same and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE क ृ िष एवं िकसान क  याण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) & (b):    Government implements Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) for procurement of perishable horticultural  /  agricultural  commodities  in  order  to  provide  remunerative  price  to farmers.  The objective of intervention is to protect the growers of these commodities from making distress sale in the event of a bumper crop during the peak arrival period when the prices  tend  to  fall  below  economic  levels  /  cost  of  production.  MIS  is  implemented  at  the request of a State Government / Union Territory which is ready to bear 50 percent of the loss (25  percent  in  case  of  North-Eastern  States),  if  any,  incurred  on  its  implementation.    The extent of total amount of loss to be shared on a 50:50 basis between the Central Government and the State Government is restricted to 25 percent of the total procurement value which includes  cost  of  the  commodity  procured  plus  permitted  overhead  expenses.  Under  the Scheme, in accordance with MIS guidelines, a pre-determined quantity at the fixed Market Intervention Price (MIP) is procured by the agencies designated by the State Government for a fixed period or till the prices are stabilized above the MIP whichever is earlier.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1071 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Incentives to Digital Startups
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Chandra Sekhar Bellana

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1071

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 13 Th  DECEMBER, 2022

## INCENTIVES TO DIGITAL STARTUPS

1071. SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR BELLANA:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  offers  or  plans  to  offer  any  incentives  to  digital  stores  or startups that deliver organic products from farmers directly to buyers;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the  measures  taken  by  the  Government  to  connect  organic  farmers  with  urban communities so that it can step in to support farmers by directly buying their organic produce?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) to (c): Government is  promoting  organic  farming  in  the  country  through  Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern region  (MOVCDNER)  through  cluster/  FPO  formation  since  2015-16,  in  which,  end  to  end support  is  provided  to  farmers  for  various  components  from  production  to  certification  and marketing of organic produce.

Under PKVY assistance is provided @ Rs. 15.0 lakh / 1000 ha cluster for 3 years to each clusters for direct marketing of their organic products to the buyers. In addition, assistance is  provided  @  Rs.  53.0  lakh  /1000  ha  clusters  for  3  years  for  branding,  publicity,  exhibition, trade  fairs  and  other  marketing  initiatives  to  support  direct  buying  of  organic  products  from farmers.

Under MOVCDNER, there is provision of assistance of Rs. 25.0 lakh/ FPO/FPC of 500 farmers for 3 years for marketing of certified organic  products. Under the scheme, so far 10 organic outlets have been opened in the North Eastern States.

To promote direct marketing of organic products from the farmers to the end consumers, a dedicated web portal- www.Jaivikkheti.in/  has been created as online marketing platform to get a better price for organic products. Total 6.09 lakh farmers have been registered under Jaivik Kheti portal .

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Lok Sabha Question No. 1070 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: e-NAM Portal in Gujarat
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Jaswantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1070

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 13 TH  DECEMBER,2022

## E-NAM PORTAL IN GUJARAT

1070.  SHRI JASWANT SINGH BHABHOR:

Will  the  Minister  of  AGRICULTURE  AND  FARMERS  WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

(a) the extent of progress made towards the establishment of e-Mandis in the country;

(b) the number of agricultural produce markets that have been linked to e-NAM portal in Gujarat so far; and

(c) the number of farmers and traders of the district of Dahod who are being benefitted as a result thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a): Government is implementing National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) scheme wherein online  trading  of  Agriculture  and  Horticulture  commodities  is  done  for  transparent  price discovery for farmers for their produce through competitive online bidding system.

As on 30 th   November, 2022, 1260 mandis of 22 States and 03 Union Territories (UTs)  have  been  integrated  with  e-NAM  platform.  More  than  1.74  crore  farmers  &  2.3 Lakh  traders  have  been  registered  on  e-NAM  platform.  The  agricultural  produce  trade with a value of Rs 2.34  lakh crore have been recorded on e-NAM platform.

(b): As  on  30 th   Nov  2022,  122  mandis  of  Gujarat  have  been  integrated  with  e-NAM platform.

(c): As on 30 th  Nov 2022, 59,203 farmers and 485 traders have been registered on eNAM  platform  from  Dahod  district  of  Gujarat  to  avail  various  facilities  and  assistance under e-NAM.

OIH

- *****
Lok Sabha Question No. 1068 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA)
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: D. Ravikumar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1068

TO  BE  ANSWERED  ON  THE  13 TH   DECEMBER,  2022/AGRAHAYANA  22,  1944 (SAKA)

UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES PREVENTION ACT (UAPA)

1068.  SHRI RAVIKUMAR D.:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  has  any  proposal  to  bring  crimes  of  Caste terrorism under the purview of National Investigation Agency (NIA), if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;

(b) whether the Government has any proposal to issue any advisory to State Governments  to  invoke  Unlawful  Activities  Prevention  Act  (UAPA)  for  the crimes committed against SCs and STs; and

(c) if so, the details thereof along with the reasons for the delay in declaring caste killings as terror act since more murders and rapes are committed in caste related violence every year?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a) to (b) No  such  proposal  is  under  consideration  of  Government.  All aspects  of  terrorist  acts  have  been  defined  in  the  Unlawful  Activities (Prevention)  Act,  1967  in  a  comprehensive  manner  and  all  incidents  of terrorism  are  investigated  and  prosecuted  under  the  Unlawful  Activities (Prevention)  Act,  1967  and  criminal  laws  of  the  country.  As  per  National Investigation Agency  Act, 2008, the National Investigation Agency  is mandated  to  investigate  and  prosecute  offences  of  grave  nature  affecting the  sovereignty,  security  and  integrity  of  India,  security  of State, friendly

## L.S.US.Q.NO. 1068 FOR 13.12.2022

relations with foreign States, matters relating to international treaties, etc., as specified in the Schedule to the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008, which includes Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967.

(c) As per the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of  India, subjects of 'Police'  and  'Public  Order'  are  with  the  State  Governments.  However,  to prevent  the  commission  of  atrocities  against  people  belonging  to  the 'Scheduled Castes' and 'Scheduled Tribes' of the society, the Government has enacted the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, for the speedy trial of such offences and for the relief and rehabilitation of the victims of such offences.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 1066 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Setting up of NIFTM
Ministry: FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
Asked by: Chinta Anuradha

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1066

ANSWERED ON 13 TH  DECEMBER, 2022

## SETTING UP OF NIFTEMs

## 1066. SHRIMATI CHINTA ANURADHA

Will the Minister of FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES be pleased to state that;

- (a) whether  the  Government  intends  to  set  up  more  centres  along  the  lines  of  recently inaugurated National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, especially in the State of Andhra Pradesh;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefore; and
- (c) the  details  of  other  such  measures  being  taken  by  the  Government  for  promotion  of research in food technology?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES (SHRI PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL)

- (a) & (b). There is no proposal for setting up NIFTEM in the State of Andhra Pradesh.
- (c).       Apart from two NIFTEMs, one each at Kundli and Thanjavur, the Ministry supports research in food technology under R&D sub-scheme of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY).

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 1057 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-12-13
Subject: Gram Panchayats under PESA Act
Ministry: PANCHAYATI RAJ
Asked by: Vishnu Dutt Sharma

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATI RAJ

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1057

ANSWERED ON-13.12.2022

## GRAM PANCHAYATS UNDER PESA ACT

## 1057 . SHRI VISHNU DATT SHARMA :

Will the Minister of PANCHAYATI RAJ be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any review of functioning of gram panchayats constituted under Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA) 1996, in areas under schedule 5 of the Constitution of India, so as to ascertain their performance vis-a-vis their mandate;
- (b) if  so,  the  details  of  the  outcomes  of  such  review  as  a  whole  in  general  and  for  the Madhya Pradesh; and
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR PANCHAYATI RAJ

## (SHRI KAPIL MORESHWAR PATIL)

(a) to (c) 'Panchayat', being 'Local Government', is a State Subject and part of the State List in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. Provisions of Part-IX of the Constitution, relating  to  Panchayats,  empower  States  to  make  laws  to  set  up  and  operate  Panchayats. Accordingly, Panchayats are set up and operate through the respective State Panchayati Raj Acts and rules, subject to the provisions of the Constitution. Article 243G of the Constitution envisages the panchayats as institutions of self government and provides that the legislature of a State, may by law, endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and for the preparation of plans and implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice.

In terms of Article 243M(4)(b) of the Constitution of India, the Parliament has enacted 'The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996' (PESA Act) to extend provisions of Part IX of the Constitution, relating to Panchayats, to the Fifth Schedule areas, with certain modifications and exceptions.

Functioning  and  performance  of  Panchayats,  including  Panchayats  constituted  in  Fifth Schedule Areas who enjoy powers and authorities provided by PESA Act in addition to PartIX of the Constitution, are reviewed mainly by their respective State Governments.

\_\_\_\_\_