Lok Sabha Question No. 9 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2022-02-02
Subject: Expenditure on Scientific R&D
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Krishna Pal Singh Yadav, Unmesh Bhaiyyasaheb Patil, Shrikant Eknath Shinde, Aparupa  Poddar, Rajendra Dhedya  Gavit, Sujay Radhakrishna Vikhepatil, Heena Vijaykumar Gavit

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 9 TO BE ANSWERED ON 02/02/2022

## EXPENDITURE ON SCIENTIFIC R&D

9. DR. KRISHNA PAL SINGH YADAV:

SHRI UNMESH BHAIYYASAHEB PATIL:

DR. SHRIKANT EKNATH SHINDE:

SHRIMATI APARUPA PODDAR:

SHRI RAJENDRA DHEDYA GAVIT:

DR. SUJAY RADHAKRISHNA VIKHE PATIL:

DR. HEENA GAVIT:

Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ǒव£ान और Ĥौƭोिगकȧ मंğी be pleased to state:-

- (a) the  details  of  the  annual  Government  expenditure  on  scientific Research/Development (R&D) of Science and Technology in the country and its percentage share of GDP;
- (b) the comparative details of other developing and developed countries in terms of expenditure being made towards this end;
- (c) the steps being taken by the Government to increase allocation in the field of Science and Technology;
- the  frequency of  audit  performed  on  the  research  outcomes  by  the
- (d) Government; and
- (e) the problem of plagiarism in research encountered by the Government along with the remedial action taken/being taken in this regard?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

ǒव£ान और Ĥौƭोिगकȧ तथा पृØवी ǒव£ान मंğालय क े राÏय मंğी ( èवतंğ Ĥभार) ( डॉ. ǔजतɅġ िसंह )

(a) & (b) As per the latest available  R&D  statistics,  the  National  Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in S&T sector during the years 2015-16 to 2017-18 was Rs. 95452.44 crore, Rs. 103099.26 crore and Rs. 113825.03 crore respectively. It is estimated to be of the order of Rs. 123847.71 crore for the year 2018-19. However, India's GERD as percentage share of GDP, has been 0.7% during last 3 years. The corresponding figures for  some  developed  and  developing  countries  include,  Israel  (4.9),  South Korea (4.5), Japan (3.3), Germany (3.1), USA (2.8), France (2.2), China (2.1), UK (1.7), Canada (1.5), Brazil (1.2), Russia (1.0) and South Africa (0.8).

(c) The Government has taken various initiatives to increase allocation in the field of Science and Technology such as successive increase in plan allocations  for  scientific  departments,  setting  up  of  new  institutions  for science  education  and  research,  creation  of  Centres  of  Excellence  and facilities in emerging and frontline areas of S&T in academic and national institutions,  supporting  Mega  Facilities  for  Basic  Research,  launching  of new fellowships, substantial grant to potential scientists through extramural research funding, scaled up funding in the new areas such as Clean Energy and Water including Energy Efficiency, Clean Coal Technology, Smart  Grids,  Methanol,  Desalination,  Genome  Engineering  Technology, climate change research, National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), National Mission on interdisciplinary Cyber Physical System (ICPS) etc., promotion of innovation, entrepreneurship and start-ups grant for young scientists, Funds for  Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST), encouraging public-private partnerships,  fiscal  incentives  and  support  measures  for  enhancing  the participation of industry in R&D, etc.

(d) The audit on research outcomes in various scientific departments and research organisations is carried out annually. In addition, the compliance audit and performance audit are conducted at periodic intervals. Various scientific  research  schemes are also  audited through a third party audit mechanism at mid-term and five yearly periods.

(e) The  Government  has  encountered  the  problem  of  plagiarism  in research  and  a  Regulation  on  "Promotion  of  Academic  Integrity  and Prevention of Plagiarism in Higher Education Institutions, 2018" has been brought out by University Grants Commission (UGC) to address this issue in the  country.  In  addition,  various  scientific  research  organisations  have constituted Ethics Committees to check plagiarism.

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