Lok Sabha Question No. 4337 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-22
Subject: Education in Urban and Rural Areas
Ministry: Education
Asked by: Sangamlal Kadedin Gupta

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOKSABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4337 TO BE ANSWERED ON 22.03.2021

## Education in Urban and Rural Areas

4337. SHRI SANGAM LAL GUPTA:

Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:

- (a) the latest literacy percentage in the country along with the reasons for wide disparity between rural and urban areas male and female population;
- (b) whether the condition in villages is worse than in cities and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government is planning to implement skill and knowledge based education and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (d) the initiatives taken by the Government to improve rural education and fund allocation to the rural areas state/UTs-wise, particularly in Uttar Pradesh?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF EDUCATION (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK')

(a) & (b) The literacy data in the country is collected through decennial census operation conducted by Registrar General of India. The last Census was held in 2011. As per Census 2011, the literacy rate in the country, in the age group of 7 and above, is 72.98 per cent. A statement indicating State/UT, rural/urban and gender-wise literacy population and literacy rates in the country, in the age group of 7 and above, as per Census 2011 is at Annexure-I . Various factors viz. poverty, gender and social inequities, etc. are impeding literacy in the country.

(c) The National education Policy 2020 envisages that the school curricula and pedagogy will aim for holistic development of learners by equipping them with the key 21st century skills and reduction in curricular content to enhance essential learning and critical thinking. The policy emphasises integration between vocational and academic streams in all schools and higher education Institutions in a phased manner. As per the policy, vocational education will start in school from the 6th grade and will include internship.

(d) The Department has launched the Samagra Shiksha -an overarching programme for the school education sector extending from pre-school to class XII and aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education, including rural areas, supporting States & UTs in implementation of Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE), 2009. Preference in the interventions is given to Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs), LWE affected districts, Special Focus Districts (SFDs), Border areas and the Aspirational Districts. A statement indicating details of State/UT-wise central share released under Samagra Shiksha for the years 2018-19 to 2020-21 is at Annexure-II .

*****

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) & (b) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4337 FOR 22.03.2021 ASKED BY SHRI SANGAM LAL GUPTA, HON'BLE MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT REGARDING 'EDUCATION IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS'.

State/UT and gender-wise literacy population and literacy rate in rural and urban areas of the country, in the age group of 7 and above, as per Census 2011

| India/State/ Union Territory   | Area        | Literates             | Literates           | Literates           | Literacy Rate   | Literacy Rate   | Literacy Rate   |
|--------------------------------|-------------|-----------------------|---------------------|---------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|
| India/State/ Union Territory   | Area        | Persons               | Male                | Female              | Persons         | Male            | Female          |
| India                          | Total       | 76,36,38,812          | 43,47,63,622        | 32,88,75,190        | 72.98           | 80.88           | 64.63           |
| India                          | Rural       | 48,27,93,835          | 28,13,61,374        | 20,14,32,461        | 67.77           | 77.15           | 57.93           |
| India                          | Urban       | 28,08,44,977          | 15,34,02,248        | 12,74,42,729        | 84.11           | 88.76           | 79.11           |
| 1 Andhra                       | Total       | 5,05,56,760           | 2,82,51,243         | 2,23,05,517         | 67.02           | 74.88           | 59.15           |
| 1 Andhra                       | Rural       | 3,03,51,065           | 1,73,95,600         | 1,29,55,465         | 60.45           | 69.38           | 51.54           |
| 1 Andhra                       | Urban       | 2,02,05,695           | 1,08,55,643         | 93,50,052           | 80.09           | 85.79           | 74.35           |
| 2 Arunachal                    | Total       | 7,66,005              | 4,39,868            | 3,26,137            | 65.38           | 72.55           | 57.70           |
| 2 Arunachal                    | Rural       | 5,35,902              | 3,09,390            | 2,26,512            | 59.94           | 67.44           | 52.04           |
| 2 Arunachal                    | Urban       | 2,30,103              | 1,30,478            | 99,625              | 82.93           | 88.45           | 76.66           |
| 3 Assam                        | Total       | 1,91,77,977           | 1,05,68,639         | 86,09,338           | 72.19           | 77.85           | 66.27           |
| 3 Assam                        | Rural       | 1,56,85,436           | 87,06,193           | 69,79,243           | 69.34           | 75.40           | 63.03           |
| 3 Assam                        | Urban       | 34,92,541             | 18,62,446           | 16,30,095           | 88.47           | 91.81           | 84.94           |
| 4 Bihar                        | Total       | 5,25,04,553           | 3,16,08,023         | 2,08,96,530         | 61.80           | 71.20           | 51.50           |
| 4 Bihar                        | Rural       | 4,48,12,152           | 2,72,41,830         | 1,75,70,322         | 59.78           | 69.67           | 49.00           |
|                                | Urban Total | 76,92,401 1,53,79,922 | 43,66,193 88,07,893 | 33,26,208 65,72,029 | 76.86           | 82.56           | 70.49 60.24     |
|                                | Rural       |                       |                     |                     | 70.28           | 80.27           |                 |
|                                |             | 1,10,08,956           | 64,03,012           | 46,05,944           | 65.99           | 76.98           | 55.06           |
|                                | Urban       | 43,70,966             | 24,04,881           | 19,66,085           | 84.05           | 90.58           | 77.24           |
|                                | Total       | 11,65,487             | 6,15,823            | 5,49,664            | 88.70           | 92.65           | 84.66           |
|                                | Rural       | 4,31,271              | 2,27,143            | 2,04,128            | 86.65           | 91.71           | 81.63           |
|                                | Urban       | 7,34,216              | 3,88,680            | 3,45,536            | 89.95           | 93.21           | 86.56           |
| 7 Gujarat                      | Total       | 4,10,93,358           | 2,34,74,873         | 1,76,18,485         | 78.03           | 85.75           | 69.68           |
| 7 Gujarat                      | Rural       | 2,14,20,842           | 1,24,67,643         | 89,53,199           | 71.71           | 81.61           | 61.36           |
| 7 Gujarat                      | Urban       | 1,96,72,516           | 1,10,07,230         | 86,65,286           | 86.31           | 90.98           | 81.03           |
| 8 Haryana                      | Total       | 1,65,98,988           | 97,94,067           | 68,04,921           | 75.55           | 84.06           | 65.94           |
| 8 Haryana                      | Rural       | 1,01,58,442           | 61,40,099           | 40,18,343           | 71.42           | 81.55           | 60.02           |
| 8 Haryana                      | Urban       | 64,40,546             | 36,53,968           | 27,86,578           | 83.14           | 88.63           | 76.90           |
| 9 Himachal                     | Total       | 50,39,736             | 27,52,590           | 22,87,146           | 82.80           | 89.53           | 75.93           |
| 9 Himachal                     | Rural       | 44,71,736             | 24,37,821           | 20,33,915           | 81.85           | 89.05           | 74.62           |
| 9 Himachal                     | Urban       | 5,68,000              | 3,14,769            | 2,53,231            | 91.10           | 93.42           | 88.37           |
| 10 Jammu                       | Total       | 70,67,233             | 42,64,671           | 28,02,562           | 67.16           | 76.75           | 56.43           |
| 10 Jammu                       | Rural       | 47,47,950             | 28,91,749           | 18,56,201           | 63.18           | 73.76           | 51.64           |
| 10 Jammu                       | Urban       | 23,19,283             | 13,72,922           | 9,46,361            | 77.12           | 83.92           | 69.01           |
|                                | Total       | 1,83,28,069           | 1,08,82,519         | 74,45,550           | 66.41           | 76.84           | 55.42           |
|                                | Rural       | 1,26,43,078           | 76,82,731           | 49,60,347           | 61.11           | 72.86           | 48.91           |
|                                | Urban       | 56,84,991             | 31,99,788           | 24,85,203           | 82.26           | 88.44           | 75.47           |

|                | Total   | 4,06,47,322   | 2,25,08,471             | 1,81,38,851   |   75.36 |   82.47 |   68.08 |
|----------------|---------|---------------|-------------------------|---------------|---------|---------|---------|
|                | Rural   | 2,26,49,176   | 1,28,93,437             | 97,55,739     |   68.73 |   77.61 |   59.71 |
|                | Urban   | 1,79,98,146   | 96,15,034               | 83,83,112     |   85.78 |   90.04 |   81.36 |
| 13 Kerala      | Total   | 2,81,35,824   | 1,37,04,903             | 1,44,30,921   |   94    |   96.11 |   92.07 |
| 13 Kerala      | Rural   | 1,45,49,320   | 71,32,430               | 74,16,890     |   92.98 |   95.35 |   90.81 |
| 13 Kerala      | Urban   | 1,35,86,504   | 65,72,473               | 70,14,031     |   95.11 |   96.95 |   93.44 |
| 14 Madhya      | Total   | 4,28,51,169   | 2,51,74,328             | 1,76,76,841   |   69.32 |   78.73 |   59.24 |
| 14 Madhya      | Rural   | 2,82,81,986   | 1,70,54,982             | 1,12,27,004   |   63.94 |   74.74 |   52.43 |
|                | Urban   | 1,45,69,183   | 81,19,346               | 64,49,837     |   82.85 |   88.67 |   76.52 |
| 15             | Total   | 8,15,54,290   | 4,52,57,584             | 3,62,96,706   |   82.34 |   88.38 |   75.87 |
| Maharashtra    | Rural   | 4,14,82,761   | 2,33,91,475             | 1,80,91,286   |   77.01 |   85.15 |   68.54 |
|                | Urban   | 4,00,71,529   | 2,18,66,109             | 1,82,05,420   |   88.69 |   92.12 |   84.89 |
| 16             | Total   | 19,08,476     | 10,39,858               | 8,68,618      |   76.94 |   83.58 |   70.26 |
| 16             | Rural   | 12,82,859     | 7,10,134                | 5,72,725      |   73.4  |   80.29 |   66.34 |
|                | Urban   | 6,25,617      | 3,29,724                | 2,95,893      |   85.38 |   91.68 |   79.31 |
| 17 Meghalaya   | Total   | 17,85,005     | 9,13,879                | 8,71,126      |   74.43 |   75.95 |   72.89 |
| 17 Meghalaya   | Rural   | 13,15,154     | 6,75,636                | 6,39,518      |   69.92 |   71.46 |   68.37 |
| 17 Meghalaya   | Urban   | 4,69,851      | 2,38,243                | 2,31,608      |   90.79 |   92.46 |   89.14 |
|                | Total   | 8,48,175      | 4,38,529                | 4,09,646      |   91.33 |   93.35 |   89.27 |
| 18             | Rural   | 3,63,334      | 1,95,400                | 1,67,934      |   84.1  |   88.16 |   79.81 |
|                | Urban   | 4,84,841      | 2,43,129                | 2,41,712      |   97.63 |   97.98 |   97.27 |
| 19 Nagaland    | Total   | 13,42,434     | 7,23,957                | 6,18,477      |   79.55 |   82.75 |   76.11 |
| 19 Nagaland    | Rural   | 8,96,663      | 4,84,021                | 4,12,642      |   75.35 |   78.96 |   71.51 |
|                | Urban   | 4,45,771      | 2,39,936                | 2,05,835      |   89.62 |   91.62 |   87.4  |
| 20 Odisha      | Total   | 2,67,42,595   | 1,50,89,681 1,16,52,914 |               |   72.87 |   81.59 |   64.01 |
| 20 Odisha      | Rural   | 2,13,77,915   | 1,21,54,552             | 92,23,363     |   70.22 |   79.65 |   60.74 |
|                | Urban   | 53,64,680     | 29,35,129               | 24,29,551     |   85.75 |   90.72 |   80.42 |
| 21 Punjab      | Total   | 1,87,07,137   | 1,04,36,056             | 82,71,081     |   75.84 |   80.44 |   70.73 |
|                | Rural   | 1,09,97,657   | 61,58,807               | 48,38,850     |   71.42 |   76.62 |   65.74 |
|                | Urban   | 77,09,480     | 42,77,249               | 34,32,231     |   83.18 |   86.67 |   79.21 |
| Rajasthan      | Total   | 3,82,75,282   | 2,36,88,412             | 1,45,86,870   |   66.11 |   79.19 |   52.12 |
| 22             | Rural   | 2,64,71,786   | 1,69,04,589             | 95,67,197     |   61.44 |   76.16 |   45.8  |
|                | Urban   | 1,18,03,496   | 67,83,823               | 50,19,673     |   79.68 |   87.91 |   70.73 |
| 23             | Total   | 4,44,952      | 2,51,269                | 1,93,683      |   81.42 |   86.55 |   75.61 |
| Sikkim         | Rural   | 3,21,930      | 1,84,245                | 1,37,685      |   78.95 |   84.62 |   72.45 |
|                | Urban   | 1,23,022      | 67,024                  | 55,998        |   88.71 |   92.35 |   84.7  |
|                | Total   | 5,18,37,507   | 2,80,40,491             | 2,37,97,016   |   80.09 |   86.77 |   73.44 |
| 24 Tamil       | Rural   | 2,45,02,195   | 1,36,65,839             | 1,08,36,356   |   73.54 |   82.04 |   65.05 |
|                | Urban   | 2,73,35,312   | 1,43,74,652             | 1,29,60,660   |   87.04 |   91.8  |   82.31 |
|                | Total   | 28,04,783     | 15,01,369               | 13,03,414     |   87.22 |   91.53 |   82.73 |
| 25 Tripura     | Rural   | 19,92,773     | 10,81,503               | 9,11,270      |   84.9  |   90.07 |   79.49 |
|                | Urban   | 8,12,010      | 4,19,866                | 3,92,144      |   93.47 |   95.51 |   91.38 |
| 26 Uttar       | Total   | 11,43,97,555  | 6,82,34,964             | 4,61,62,591   |   67.68 |   77.28 |   57.18 |
|                | Rural   | 8,52,84,680   | 5,17,93,688             | 3,34,90,992   |   65.46 |   76.33 |   53.65 |
|                | Urban   | 2,91,12,875   | 1,64,41,276             | 1,26,71,599   |   75.14 |   80.45 |   69.22 |
| 27 Uttarakhand | Total   | 68,80,953     | 38,63,708               | 30,17,245     |   78.82 |   87.4  |   70.01 |
|                | Rural   | 46,14,050     | 25,96,171               | 20,17,879     |   76.31 |   86.62 |   66.18 |
|                | Urban   | 22,66,903     | 12,67,537               | 9,99,366      |   84.45 |   89.05 |   79.25 |

|    |                          | Total   | 6,15,38,281   | 3,38,18,810   | 2,77,19,471   |   76.26 |   81.69 |   70.54 |
|----|--------------------------|---------|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------|---------|---------|
|    | West Bengal              | Rural   | 3,92,13,779   | 2,18,48,197   | 1,73,65,582   |   72.13 |   78.44 |   65.51 |
|    |                          | Urban   | 2,23,24,502   | 1,19,70,613   | 1,03,53,889   |   84.78 |   88.37 |   80.98 |
| 29 | Andaman &Nicobar Islands | Total   | 2,94,281      | 1,64,377      | 1,29,904      |   86.63 |   90.27 |   82.43 |
| 29 | Andaman &Nicobar Islands | Rural   | 1,78,025      | 99,960        | 78,065        |   84.5  |   88.53 |   79.85 |
| 29 | Andaman &Nicobar Islands | Urban   | 1,16,256      | 64,417        | 51,839        |   90.1  |   93.11 |   86.63 |
| 30 | Chandigarh               | Total   | 8,05,438      | 4,65,346      | 3,40,092      |   86.05 |   89.99 |   81.19 |
| 30 | Chandigarh               | Rural   | 19,961        | 12,752        | 7,209         |   80.75 |   85.77 |   73.17 |
| 30 | Chandigarh               | Urban   | 7,85,477      | 4,52,594      | 3,32,883      |   86.19 |   90.11 |   81.38 |
| 31 | Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | Total   | 2,23,230      | 1,42,521      | 80,709        |   76.24 |   85.17 |   64.32 |
| 31 | Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | Rural   | 99,142        | 64,050        | 35,092        |   64.12 |   76.4  |   49.58 |
| 31 | Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | Urban   | 1,24,088      | 78,471        | 45,617        |   89.79 |   93.99 |   83.38 |
| 32 | Daman &Diu               | Total   | 1,88,406      | 1,24,643      | 63,763        |   87.1  |   91.54 |   79.55 |
| 32 | Daman &Diu               | Rural   | 43,089        | 25,529        | 17,560        |   81.36 |   89.43 |   71.93 |
| 32 | Daman &Diu               | Urban   | 1,45,317      | 99,114        | 46,203        |   88.96 |   92.1  |   82.88 |
| 33 | NCT OF Delhi             | Total   | 1,27,37,767   | 71,94,856     | 55,42,911     |   86.21 |   90.94 |   80.76 |
| 33 | NCT OF Delhi             | Rural   | 2,96,600      | 1,74,327      | 1,22,273      |   81.86 |   89.37 |   73.1  |
| 33 | NCT OF Delhi             | Urban   | 1,24,41,167   | 70,20,529     | 54,20,638     |   86.32 |   90.98 |   80.95 |
| 34 | Lakshadweep              | Total   | 52,553        | 28,023        | 24,530        |   91.85 |   95.56 |   87.95 |
| 34 | Lakshadweep              | Rural   | 11,288        | 5,949         | 5,339         |   91.58 |   94.53 |   88.5  |
| 34 | Lakshadweep              | Urban   | 41,265        | 22,074        | 19,191        |   91.92 |   95.84 |   87.79 |
| 35 | Puducherry               | Total   | 9,57,309      | 4,97,378      | 4,59,931      |   85.85 |   91.26 |   80.67 |
| 35 | Puducherry               | Rural   | 2,80,882      | 1,50,490      | 1,30,392      |   80.1  |   87.44 |   73.02 |
| 35 | Puducherry               | Urban   | 6,76,427      | 3,46,888      | 3,29,539      |   88.49 |   93.03 |   84.17 |

## Annexure-II

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (d) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4337 FOR 22.03.2021 ASKED BY SHRI SANGAM LAL GUPTA, HON'BLE MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT REGARDING 'EDUCATION IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS'.

Status of Central Share Released under Samagra Shiksha for the years 2018-19 to 2020-21.

(Rs. in lakh)

| Sl.No.   | Name of State/UT         |          2018-19 |          2019-20 |   2020-21 (upto January 2021) |
|----------|--------------------------|------------------|------------------|-------------------------------|
| 1        | Andaman &Nicobar Islands |   2180.32        |   3093.94        |                2713.79        |
| 2        | Andhra Pradesh           |  95096.8         | 105996           |               49702.1         |
| 3        | Arunachal Pradesh        |  27644           |  34717.1         |               21688.7         |
| 4        | Assam                    | 157072           | 152100           |              113810           |
| 5        | Bihar                    | 305838           | 326693           |              197641           |
| 6        | Chandigarh               |   7689.57        |   6371.14        |                4857.44        |
| 7        | Chhattisgarh             |  88206.4         | 101323           |               24132.7         |
| 8        | Dadra &N. Haveli         |   3462.31        |   3835.33        |                 700           |
| 9        | Daman &Diu               |  13981.7         |  25698.1         |               13613.9         |
| 10       | Delhi                    |    631.22        |    924.44        |                1933.12        |
| 11       | Goa                      |   1353.03        |   1525.39        |                1358           |
| 12       | Gujarat                  |  67089.2         | 115286           |               73173.7         |
| 13       | Haryana                  |  57841.9         |  61846.6         |               49470.5         |
| 14       | Himachal Pradesh         |  43295.4         |  47315.9         |               36135.5         |
| 15       | Jammu &Kashmir           | 171776           |  74028.2         |                8807.9         |
| 16       | Jharkhand                |  68596           |  91426.7         |               66128.4         |
| 17       | Karnataka                |  62784           |  73032.7         |               45410.9         |
| 18       | Kerala                   |  25605           |  21420.3         |               17835.6         |
| 19       | Ladakh                   |      0           |   4147.17        |                3768.44        |
| 20       | Lakshadweep              |    265.07        |    728.11        |                 254.63        |
| 21       | Madhya Pradesh           | 243784           | 256145           |              192646           |
| 22       | Maharashtra              |  95051.9         |  73423.8         |               34621.3         |
| 23       | Manipur                  |  25202           |  27363.1         |               14433.9         |
| 24       | Meghalaya                |  23784.6         |  32311.1         |               21222.6         |
| 25       | Mizoram                  |  14630.4         |  16813.4         |               13265           |
| 26       | Nagaland                 |  19766.3         |  19047.6         |               13455           |
| 27       | Odisha                   | 123022           | 189289           |               94499.2         |
| 28       | Puducherry               |    804.88        |    786.54        |                 972.44        |
| 29       | Punjab                   |  44400           |  46239.3         |               38069.9         |
| 30       | Rajasthan                | 262721           | 291132           |              168456           |
| 31       | Sikkim                   |   6624.19        |  11040.5         |                5654.97        |
| 32       | Tamil Nadu               | 147444           | 176912           |              116757           |
| 33       | Telangana                |  68840.4         | 109524           |               31398.2         |
| 34       | Tripura                  |  24896.5         |  23492.4         |               23181.2         |
| 35       | Uttar Pradesh            | 462541           | 498560           |              343164           |
| 36       | Uttarakhand              |  51138.3         |  51187.8         |               11841.7         |
| 37       | West Bengal              | 108935           | 157905           |               99797.8         |
|          | Total                    |      2.92399e+06 |      3.23268e+06 |                   1.95657e+06 |