opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 2920 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Coal Reserves
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: Adala Prabhakara Reddy, Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2920 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.03.2020

## Coal Reserves

## 2920.   SHRI ADALA PRABHAKARA REDDY: SHRI MAGUNTA SREENIVASULU REDDY:

Will the Minister of COAL be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of quantum of coal reserves available in India, as on date;
- (b) the period for which these reserves are expected to last
- (c) the quantum of coal reserves that are present in Andhra Pradesh;
- (d) whether the country is producing less amount of coal than its potential; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS, COAL AND MINES (SHRI PRALHAD JOSHI)

- (a): The total estimated coal resources in the country is about 326495.63 million tonnes (MT) as per 'The inventory of Geological Resources of Indian Coal' (as on 01.04.2019), prepared by the Geological Survey of India.
- (b): The total coal extracted from the coalfields of India during 2018-19 is 730.35 MT and the cumulative coal extraction since 1950 upto 2018-19 is 15852.57 MT (as per Coal Controller Organization). Every year CMPDI is adding about 4000-6000 MT of proved resources in the coal  inventory  of  India.  There  is  no  threat  of  coal  resources  for  future  coal  demand  in  our country at present rate of extraction / demand.
- (c): As per 'The inventory of Geological Resources of Indian Coal' (as on 01.04.2019), about 1607.21 MT of coal resources are estimated in Andhra Pradesh.
- (d)&(e): All India raw coal production has increased from 565.77 MT in 2013-14 to 730.35 MT in 2018-19. Absolute increase in all India coal production during this period was 164.58 MT as compared to an increase of 73.01 MT achieved in the preceding five years (2008-09 to 2013-14). Coal India Limited (CIL) has also increased its production from 462.41 MT in 201314 to 606.89 MT in 2018-19, an absolute increase of 144.48 MT as compared to increase of coal production of 58.68 MT between 2008-09 and 2013-14.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2919 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Identifying Coal Mining Areas
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: Prathap Simha

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.-2919 ANSWERED ON-11.03.2020

## IDENTIFYING COAL MINING AREAS

## 2919.      SHRI PRATHAP SIMHA:

Will the MINISTER OF COAL be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has identified those coal mine areas in the country where the Coal India Ltd. has not yet started mining work;
- (b) if so, the details of such mining areas along with the States where coal areas are situated;
- (c) the quantum of coal reserves estimated to be found in these coal areas; and
- (d) the schemes formulated by the Government to start mining in these coal mining areas?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS, COAL AND MINES (SHRI PRALHAD JOSHI)

- (a) to (c) : Coal India Limited has identified 55 future projects to enhance coal production. Out of these,  there are 13 Mines, where mining work is yet to start. The details of such mines with the states and quantum of coal reserves are given below:

|   SL NO | Sub.   | STATE       | AREA     |   RESERVES (in MT) | Name of project Mine      | / Type   |
|---------|--------|-------------|----------|--------------------|---------------------------|----------|
|       1 | ECL    | WEST BENGAL | SODEPUR  |             102.94 | Dhangajore                | UG       |
|       2 | ECL    | JHARKHAND   | RAJMAHAL |             603.99 | Chuperbhita               | OC       |
|       3 | ECL    | JHARKHAND   | RAJMAHAL |             188.35 | Simlong                   | OC       |
|       4 | ECL    | WEST BENGAL | SALANPUR |             317.69 | Itapara                   | OC       |
|       5 | ECL    | JHARKHAND   | RAJMAHAL |             579.59 | Kayada-Chaudhar Gariapani | OC       |
|       6 | ECL    | JHARKHAND   | RAJMAHAL |            1928.17 | Brahmani/ Chicropastimal* | OC       |
|       7 | ECL    | JHARKHAND   | RAJMAHAL |             411.21 | Amrakonda Murgadangal*    | OC       |

|   8 | BCCL   | JHARKHAND      | VIKRAMSHILA             |   322.16 | Pirpainti               | OC   |
|-----|--------|----------------|-------------------------|----------|-------------------------|------|
|   9 | BCCL   | JHARKHAND      | VIKRAMSHILA             |   230.69 | Mandar Parvat           | OC   |
|  10 | WCL    | MADHYA PRADESH | PATHAKHERA              |    74.1  | Shaktigarh              | UG   |
|  11 | WCL    | ODISHA         | GHOGHARPALLI AND RAMPIA |   806.02 | Ghogharpalli and Rampia | OC   |
|  12 | SECL   | MADHYA PRADESH | SOHAGPUR                |    20.19 | DAMINI OC               | OC   |
|  13 | SECL   | MADHYA PRADESH | SOHAGPUR                |    11.29 | BATURA WEST EXTN        | OC   |

(d): Coal India Limited has formulated schemes for all these projects and will be implemented by 2023-24.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 2918 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Services of BSNL and MTNL
Ministry: COMMUNICATIONS
Asked by: Kaushal Kishore, Upendra Singh Rawat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2918 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11 TH  MARCH, 2020

## SERVICES OF BSNL AND MTNL

## 2918. SHRI KAUSHAL KISHORE: SHRI UPENDRA SINGH RAWAT:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATIONS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the services of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and their wi-fi/booster wi-fi have deteriorated badly in the last few years as a result of which the quality of their services, voice calls, internet connection performance, process of disconnection and connection of telephones, both mobile and landline are at all-time low as compared to their private sector counterparts particularly in New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) VIP areas;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the details of the steps taken by the Government to improve the performance of BSNL/MTNL and their wi-fi and booster wi-fi connection in the VIP areas?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE)

(a) to (c) Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) operates in metros of Delhi and Mumbai and Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) operates in rest of India. BSNL and MTNL have informed that  their  services  are  working  satisfactorily  and  in  general,  meeting  the  Quality  of  Service  (QoS) parameters prescribed by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in their respective Licensed Service Areas (LSA).  MTNL has further informed that its public Wi-Fi services in the areas of New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) including VIP areas, have improved in past few years. MTNL has signed an MoU with New Delhi Municipal Council Smart City Limited (NDMCSCL) with the objective to provide various services like Fibre to the Home (FTTH), Public Wi-Fi for making NDMC area as a SMART City. The project involves around 2000 FTTH connections and approx. 150 access points for making Connaught Place area Wi-Fi enabled.

The Government has approved the revival plan for BSNL and MTNL on 23.10.2019. The revival plan inter-alia, includes the measures to reduce the Staff cost through a Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS)  for  the  employees  of  age  50  years  and  above,  administrative  allotment  of  spectrum  to BSNL/MTNL for providing 4G services, monetisation of assets of BSNL/MTNL for repayment of debt and generating resources for CAPEX/OPEX, debt restructuring by raising of sovereign guarantee bonds and in-principle approval for merger of BSNL and MTNL. With the implementation of the revival plan, BSNL/MTNL will offer improved and competitive services to their subscribers.

**********
Lok Sabha Question No. 2915 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Regulation of Online Video Streaming Services
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Anupriya Patel

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2915

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 11.03.2020

## REGULATION OF ONLINE VIDEO STREAMING SERVICES

## 2915.  SHRIMATI ANUPRIYA PATEL:

Will the Minister of Electronics & Information Technology

- (a)  whether the Government intends to regulate online video streaming services;
- (b)  if so, the manner in which it proposes to regulate such services; and
- (c)   the manner in which it proposes to ensure the protection of freedom of expression and limit censorship while regulating these services?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE)

- (a) to (c): Government is committed to freedom of speech and expression and privacy of its  citizens  as  enshrined  in  the  constitution  of  India.    The  online  video  streaming  services providing  curated  content  are  expected  to  follow  various  content  related  domestic  laws  as applicable to them. In addition, the online video streaming services for third part content are intermediaries as defined in the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000.  They are required to follow certain due diligence as prescribed in the Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines) Rules, 2011. The intermediaries are required to publish privacy policy, Rules and regulations  and  terms  and  conditions.    They  are  also  expected  to  remove  any  unlawful content relatable to Article 19(2) of the Constitution of India as and when brought to their knowledge either through a court order or through a notice by appropriate government or its agency.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 2914 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Regulatory Mechanism for Online Video
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Feroze Varun Gandhi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2914

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 11.03.2020

## REGULATORY MECHANISM FOR ONLINE VIDEO

## 2914.   SHRI FEROZE VARUN GANDHI:

Will the Minister of Electronics & Information Technology

- (a)    whether  the  Government  has  formulated  any  mechanism  to  regulate  online  video streaming services and if so, the details thereof;
- (b)  whether  the  Government  has  conducted  any  consultation  with  online  video  streaming service providers such as Netflix, hotstar, etc. regarding the content regulation and if so, the details and the outcomes thereof; and
- (c)  whether  the  Government  is  planning  to  bring  a  self  regulatory  mechanism  rather  than regulations that are enforceable by the Government and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE)

(a):      Government  is  committed  to  freedom  of  speech  and  expression  and  privacy  of  its citizens  as  enshrined  in  the  constitution  of  India.    The  online  video  streaming  services providing curated content are expected to follow various content related domestic laws as applicable to them. In addition, the online video streaming services for third part content are  intermediaries  as  defined  in  the  Information  Technology  (IT)  Act,  2000.    They  are required  to  follow  certain  due  diligence  as  prescribed  in  the  Information  Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines) Rules, 2011. The intermediaries are required to publish privacy policy, Rules and regulations and terms and conditions.  They are also expected to remove any  unlawful  content  relatable  to  Article  19(2)  of  the  Constitution  of  India  as  and  when brought to their knowledge either through a court order or through a notice by appropriate government or its agency.

(b):   Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has not conducted any formal consultation with online video streaming service providers such as Netflix, Hotstar etc. regarding the content regulation

(c):   There is no such proposal with Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 2911 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Extension of Trains to Vizianagaram
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Chandra Sekhar Bellana

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2911 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.03.2020

## EXTENSION OF TRAINS TO VIZIANAGARAM 2911. SHRI CHANDRA SEKHAR BELLANA:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether the Government has any proposal to extend service of Godavari  Express,  Tirumala  Express  and  Ratnachal  Express  from Visakhapatnam to Vizianagaram;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the action taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF RAILWAYS AND COMMERCE & INDUSTRY

## (SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

- (a)  to  (c)  Owing  to  operational  constraints,  at  present,  there  is  no proposal to extend 12727/12728 Visakhapatnam-Hyderabad Godavari Express,17487/17488  Cuddapah  -Visakhapatnam  Tirumala  Express and 12717/12718 Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada Ratnachal Express upto  Vizianagaram.  However,  extension  of  trains  is  an  ongoing process  over  Indian  Railways  subject  to  operational  feasibility, traffic demand, availability of resources, etc.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2910 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Information to Farmers
Ministry: COMMUNICATIONS
Asked by: Ramesh Chand Bind

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2910 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11 TH  MARCH, 2020

## INFORMATION TO FARMERS

## †2910. SHRI RAMESH CHAND BIND:

Will the Minister of COMMUNICATIONS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has provided internet and Wi-Fi facilities in all the villages across the country to provide information related to the agriculture sector to farmers and update them about the new developments related to this sector; and
- (b) if so, the measures/actions taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR COMMUNICATIONS, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE)

(a) & (b) Internet is being currently accessed mainly through mobile wireless technologies, which at  present  cover  more than 95% of population of the country. As per data collected from the Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) in 2019, it is estimated that out of total 5,97,618 inhabited villages, including Gram Panchayats (as per the Census 2011) in the country, about 5,69,897 are covered by mobile services. Mobile  coverage  in  remaining  villages  is  being  provided  by  the  Telecom  Service  Providers  and  the Government in a phased manner.

BharatNet project is being implemented in a phased manner to provide broadband connectivity to all  the  Gram Panchayats (approx. 2,50,000) in the country.  As on 28.02.2020, by laying 4,24,299 km Optical Fibre Cable (OFC), a total of 1,50,029 GPs have been connected, out of which 1,34,906 Gram Panchayats  (GPs)    have  been  made  Service  Ready.  In  addition,  1787  GPs  have  been  provided connectivity through satellite media. A total of 1,36,693 Gram Panchayats (GPs)  have been made Service Ready.

As  part  of  BharatNet  project,  the  Last  Mile  Connectivity  through  Wi-Fi  or  any  other  suitable broadband access technology is to be provided in all the Gram Panchayats. In the 1.23 lakh GPs (approx.) of BharatNet Phase-I, the provisioning of Wi-Fi Services has been assigned to Government of Rajasthan, CSC e-Governance Services India Limited (a Special Purpose Vehicle under Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology), etc. In the 1407 GPs of BharatNet Phase-II, the provisioning of connectivity over satellite media, along with Wi-Fi services, has been assigned to BSNL. As of February 2020, Wi-Fi hotspots  have  been  installed  in  45,769  Gram  Panchayats  (GPs)  and  out  of  them,  services  are  being provided in 18,683 GPs.

The broadband/internet connectivity, provided under the above mentioned initiatives, can be used to  provide  information  related  to  the  agriculture  sector  to  farmers  and  to  update  them  about  the  new developments related to this sector.

**********
Lok Sabha Question No. 2907 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Re-development of Railway Stations inAndhra Pradesh
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Y. S. Avinash Reddy, Raghu Ramakrishna Raju Kanumuru

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No.2907 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.03.2020

## RE-DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY STATIONS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

2907.  SHRI Y.S. AVINASH REDDY: SHRI KANUMURU RAGHU RAMA KRISHNA RAJU:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Railways  has  taken  up  the  project of redevelopment of railway stations in the country;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the details of the railway stations selected under  this programme;
- (d)  the  details  of  the  railway  stations  selected  in  the  state  of Andhra Pradesh; and
- (e) the current status of this project?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS AND COMMERCE & INDUSTRY

(SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

(a) to (e): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (e)  OF UNSTARRED  QUESTION  NO.  2907  BY  SHRI  SHRI  Y.S.  AVINASH REDDY  AND  KANUMURU  RAGHU  RAMA  KRISHNA  RAJU  TO  BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 11.03.2020 REGARDING REDEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY STATIONS IN ANDHRA PRADESH (a)  &  (b):  Yes,  Sir.  It  is  Railway's  endeavour  to  redevelop  Railway stations by leveraging real estate potential of sparable railway land and  air  space  in  and  around  the  station,  generally  at  no  cost  to Railways.  For  this,  Railway  conducts  techno-economic  feasibility studies  of  stations  across  the  country.    Based  on  the  outcome  of these feasibility studies, stations are taken up for redevelopment in phases. (c)  &  (e):  The  work  of  redevelopment  is  in  advanced  stage  of progress at Gandhinagar and Habibganj railway stations.  Contracts have been awarded for redevelopment of Gomtinagar, Anand Vihar, Bijwasan and Chandigarh railway stations. Bids have been received for redevelopment of Safdarjung and Ajni railway stations. (d):  Detailed  Project  Report  for  redevelopment  of  Nellore  railway station in Andhra Pradesh has been prepared.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2905 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Retirement Age in Army
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: Abdul Khaleque, Suresh Kodikunnil, Ranjanben Dhananjay Bhatt

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2905

TO BE ANSWERED ON 11 th  March, 2020

## RETIREMENT AGE IN ARMY

2905. SHRI ABDUL KHALEQUE: SHRI KODIKUNNIL SURESH: SHRIMATI RANJANBEN DHANANJAY BHATT:

Will the Minister of DEFENCE j{kk ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is considering to increase the retirement age of Defence Service Personnel particularly of those below the rank of officers;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor;
- (c) whether this is for both the combat and the non-combat personnel and if so, the details thereof and its likely impact on the fitness level of the Army personnel;
- (d) whether there has been an actual decrease in the number of applicants in the Indian Army especially at the officers level; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor along with the action intended to improve the recruitment in Armed Forces?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF STATE

(SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK)

IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

रक्षा राज्य मंत्री

( श्री श्रीपाद नाईक )

<!-- image -->

- (a)  to (c): Defence Services are examining this issue; however no formal proposal has been received by the Ministry of Defence.
- (d)  &  (e):    There  has  been  no  perceptible  decrease  in  the  number  of  applications received by the Indian Army.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2904 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: Lactation Pods
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Shashi Tharoor

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2904 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.03.2020

## LACTATION PODS

## 2904.  DR. SHASHI THAROOR:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the  Ministry  has  received  a  request  letter  from  the  Women and  Child  Development  Ministry  (WCD)  to  provide  private  spaces  for lactating  mothers  travelling  with  their  infants  in  waiting  rooms  on railway stations and action taken by the Ministry in this regard;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether  the  Ministry  has  taken  note  of  the  initiatives  taken  by  the Kerala  Start  Up  Mission  (KSUM)  to  set  up  state-of-the-art  lactation pods at Thiruvananthapuram Central Railway Station for giving working mothers comfortable, secure and private space for breastfeeding during journeys and if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) whether the Ministry is willing to encourage other States to institute such appreciative moves and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF RAILWAYS AND COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

- (a)  &  (b):  Yes,  Sir.  Zonal  Railways  have  been  advised  to  provide  a segregated area within the waiting hall at important stations for feeding the babies by lactating mothers. This corner is to be provided with a small table and a chair with appropriate partition/screen around it.

(c) & (d): At Thiruvanathapuram Central Railway Station, two Lactation Pods (baby  feeding  centre)  have  been  set  up,  out  of  which,  one  available  at Platform no.2/3 was sponsored by an NGO 'I Love 9 Months' through Kerala Startup Mission.

Based on the existing guidelines issued by Ministry of Railways, Zonal Railways to take action to extend this facility at important railway stations.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2903 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-11
Subject: New Regiments
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: Pushpendra Singh Chandel

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

## DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2903

TO BE ANSWERED ON 11 th  March, 2020

## NEW REGIMENTS

2903. SHRI KUNWAR PUSHPENDRA SINGH CHANDEL:

Will the Minister of DEFENCE j{kk ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  received  any  proposal  for  setting  up  of  any  new regiment in the Army; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the action taken by the Government thereon?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

(SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK)

रक्षा राज्य मंत्री

( श्री श्रीपाद नाईक )

<!-- image -->

- (a)  & (b):   Yes, Sir.  Private Member Bills have been mentioned in the Parliament on several occasions.

As per Government policy on the subject all citizens irrespective of their class, creed,  region  or  religion  are  eligible  for  enrolment  in  the  Indian  Army.    After Independence, it has been the policy of the Government of India not to raise any new Regiment for a particular class/community/religion or region.

*****