Lok Sabha Question No. 201 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-02-04
Subject: Steps to Increase Employment
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: RAJESHBHAI NARANBHAI CHUDASAMA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 201 TO BE ANSWERED ON 4TH FEBRUARY, 2019

## STEPS TO INCREASE EMPLOYMENT

201.   SHRI RAJESHBHAI CHUDASAMA:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the  measures taken by the Government to increase employment in the country during the last four years and the current year; and
- (b) the number of jobs created during the said period, State/UT-wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (IC) FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a) to (b): Employment generation coupled with improving employability is the priority concern  of  the  Government.  Government  has  taken  various  steps  for  generating employment in the country like encouraging private sector of economy, fast tracking various projects involving substantial investment and increasing public expenditure on schemes like Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) run by Ministry  of  Micro,  Small  &  Medium  Enterprises,  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural Employment  Guarantee  Scheme  (MGNREGA),  Pt.  Deen  Dayal  Upadhyaya  Grameen Kaushalya  Yojana  (DDU-GKY)  scheme  run  by  Ministry  of  Rural  Development  and Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) run by Ministry  of  Housing  &  Urban  Affairs.  Details  of  the  employment  generated  through these schemes/ programmes are given at Annexure.

Pradhan  Mantri  Mudra  Yojana  (PMMY)  has  been  initiated  by  Government  for facilitating self-employment. Under PMMY collateral free loans upto Rs. 10 lakh, are extended to small/micro business enterprises and to individuals to enable them to setup or expand their business activities. Till 25th January, 2019, total 15.59 crore loans have been sanctioned under the scheme.

Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana has been initiated by the Ministry of Labour and  Employment  in  the  year  2016-17  for  incentivizing  employers  for  employment generation. Under this scheme,  Government is paying the entire employer's contribution (12 % or as admissible) towards the EPS and EPF for all sectors w.e.f. 01.04.2018    to  all  eligible  new  employees  for  the  next  3  years  from  the  date  of registration of the new employee. Till 28th  January, 2019, benefits have been given to 1.29 lakh establishments covering 1.05 crore beneficiaries.

*****

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) to (b) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 201 FOR 04.02.2019 REGARDING STEPS TO INCREASE EMPLOYMENT

(a) Year -wise /State-wise details of  Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)

| Sl. No.   | State                     | 2015-16   | 2016-17   | 2017-18   | 2018-19 (As on 30.11.2018)   |
|-----------|---------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|------------------------------|
| 1         | Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 293       | 1398      | 1744      | 1064                         |
| 2         | Andhra Pradesh            | 7740      | 14148     | 12216     | 9008                         |
| 3         | Arunachal Pradesh         | 104       | 1984      | 1672      | 1496                         |
| 4         | Assam                     | 9026      | 31498     | 18256     | 16424                        |
| 5         | Bihar                     | 19624     | 25872     | 18456     | 10776                        |
| 6         | Chandigarh                | 323       | 376       | 360       | 128                          |
| 7         | Chhattisgarh              | 9496      | 12856     | 11704     | 11792                        |
| 8         | Delhi                     | 2048      | 952       | 920       | 384                          |
| 9         | Goa                       | 500       | 660       | 400       | 232                          |
| 10        | Gujarat*                  | 14960     | 11629     | 15008     | 14488                        |
| 11        | Haryana                   | 7232      | 11016     | 13744     | 8024                         |
| 12        | Himachal Pradesh          | 5134      | 6916      | 7088      | 5528                         |
| 13        | Jammu and Kashmir         | 12115     | 11691     | 30024     | 27752                        |
| 14        | Jharkhand                 | 12873     | 10400     | 8888      | 4472                         |
| 15        | Karnataka                 | 17284     | 30286     | 16920     | 15360                        |
| 16        | Kerala                    | 9653      | 13068     | 10776     | 9520                         |
| 17        | Lakshadweep               | -         | -         | -         | -                            |
| 18        | Madhya Pradesh            | 16497     | 15520     | 14432     | 8040                         |
| 19        | Maharashtra**             | 20161     | 17799     | 26632     | 21960                        |
| 20        | Manipur                   | 2715      | 8419      | 4800      | 4680                         |
| 21        | Meghalaya                 | 4824      | 2632      | 600       | 1472                         |
| 22        | Mizoram                   | 9072      | 3400      | 1992      | 3336                         |
| 23        | Nagaland                  | 4998      | 7783      | 7440      | 3296                         |
| 24        | Odisha                    | 17629     | 20392     | 19192     | 11808                        |
| 25        | Puducherry                | 447       | 699       | 352       | 368                          |
| 26        | Punjab                    | 7762      | 9858      | 12160     | 7288                         |
| 27        | Rajasthan                 | 14537     | 13408     | 12614     | 9616                         |
| 28        | Sikkim                    | 397       | 201       | 296       | 200                          |
| 29        | Tamil Nadu                | 20836     | 25764     | 32760     | 20344                        |
| 30        | Telangana                 | 7761      | 6445      | 9520      | 7440                         |
| 31        | Tripura                   | 5355      | 17961     | 8928      | 2904                         |
| 32        | Uttar Pradesh             | 43059     | 36315     | 43456     | 25888                        |
| 33        | Uttarakhand               | 6161      | 9890      | 12904     | 9240                         |
| 34        | West Bengal               | 12746     | 26604     | 10928     | 10528                        |
|           | Total                     | 323362    | 407840    | 387184    | 284856                       |

(b) State-wise/UT-wise  Households  provided  employment  and  Persondays  Generated under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA) (Figures in lakh)

| Sl   |                     | Households provided employment   | Households provided employment   | Households provided employment   | Households provided employment   | Persondays generated   | Persondays generated   | Persondays generated   | Persondays generated   |
|------|---------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|
| No   | States/UTs          | 2015-16                          | 2016-17                          | 2017-18                          | 2018-19*                         | 2015-16                | 2016-17                | 2017-18                | 2018-19*               |
| 1    | ANDHRA PRADESH      | 36.07                            | 39.84                            | 39.92                            | 39.81                            | 1992.10                | 2060.90                | 2120.10                | 1857.71                |
| 2    | ARUNACHAL PRADESH   | 1.81                             | 2.03                             | 1.42                             | 0.97                             | 50.45                  | 85.35                  | 42.80                  | 27.03                  |
| 3    | ASSAM               | 15.02                            | 15.71                            | 16.85                            | 10.63                            | 486.33                 | 466.09                 | 481.15                 | 258.60                 |
| 4    | BIHAR               | 14.87                            | 22.95                            | 22.49                            | 21.59                            | 670.92                 | 858.36                 | 817.67                 | 728.48                 |
| 5    | CHHATTISGARH        | 21.74                            | 21.32                            | 23.26                            | 19.92                            | 1013.96                | 885.94                 | 1199.29                | 809.43                 |
| 6    | GOA                 | 0.06                             | 0.07                             | 0.07                             | 0.01                             | 1.07                   | 1.26                   | 0.99                   | 0.08                   |
| 7    | GUJARAT             | 5.57                             | 7.16                             | 8.61                             | 6.73                             | 225.41                 | 271.06                 | 353.09                 | 250.22                 |
| 8    | HARYANA             | 1.69                             | 2.81                             | 2.73                             | 1.51                             | 48.48                  | 84.91                  | 90.34                  | 41.31                  |
| 9    | HIMACHAL PRADESH    | 4.24                             | 5.29                             | 5.11                             | 4.46                             | 177.71                 | 236.61                 | 220.06                 | 172.92                 |
| 10   | JAMMU AND KASHMIR   | 6.53                             | 6.21                             | 6.94                             | 4.08                             | 316.32                 | 315.59                 | 378.30                 | 181.47                 |
| 11   | JHARKHAND           | 11.26                            | 17.43                            | 14.45                            | 10.47                            | 585.61                 | 707.44                 | 592.75                 | 396.65                 |
| 12   | KARNATAKA           | 12.36                            | 18.18                            | 19.04                            | 14.59                            | 598.38                 | 914.06                 | 858.13                 | 538.75                 |
| 13   | KERALA              | 15.06                            | 14.57                            | 13.12                            | 12.94                            | 741.60                 | 684.48                 | 619.50                 | 493.99                 |
| 14   | PRADESH             | 27.02                            | 28.02                            | 34.81                            | 30.55                            | 1237.42                | 1130.39                | 1622.68                | 1274.29                |
| 15   | MAHARASHTRA         | 12.75                            | 14.33                            | 16.98                            | 14.11                            | 763.37                 | 708.99                 | 825.32                 | 532.26                 |
| 16   | MANIPUR             | 4.74                             | 5.16                             | 4.91                             | 4.33                             | 75.33                  | 119.03                 | 61.25                  | 44.03                  |
| 17   | MEGHALAYA           | 3.68                             | 4.15                             | 4.27                             | 3.43                             | 199.71                 | 282.54                 | 291.88                 | 153.61                 |
| 18   | MIZORAM             | 1.90                             | 1.89                             | 1.91                             | 1.94                             | 131.26                 | 168.23                 | 144.38                 | 111.22                 |
| 19   | NAGALAND            | 4.17                             | 4.18                             | 4.10                             | 3.10                             | 212.07                 | 290.71                 | 237.01                 | 53.13                  |
| 20   | ODISHA              | 19.98                            | 20.33                            | 23.07                            | 18.57                            | 894.46                 | 774.48                 | 922.17                 | 618.49                 |
| 21   | PUNJAB              | 4.74                             | 5.36                             | 6.64                             | 4.79                             | 144.34                 | 157.73                 | 223.14                 | 111.68                 |
| 22   | RAJASTHAN           | 42.21                            | 46.35                            | 45.14                            | 36.41                            | 2340.48                | 2595.93                | 2397.05                | 1469.43                |
| 23   | SIKKIM              | 0.66                             | 0.68                             | 0.64                             | 0.54                             | 43.84                  | 46.12                  | 34.61                  | 20.09                  |
| 24   | TAMIL NADU          | 60.53                            | 62.62                            | 58.15                            | 47.26                            | 3686.75                | 3999.42                | 2388.81                | 1303.66                |
| 25   | TELANGANA           | 25.65                            | 25.60                            | 25.32                            | 24.11                            | 1417.76                | 1082.19                | 1147.44                | 1045.51                |
| 26   | TRIPURA             | 5.70                             | 5.77                             | 5.23                             | 5.16                             | 538.60                 | 460.52                 | 175.97                 | 145.54                 |
| 27   | UTTAR PRADESH       | 54.35                            | 50.09                            | 48.65                            | 39.96                            | 1822.22                | 1575.01                | 1816.80                | 1322.33                |
| 28   | UTTARAKHAND         | 5.44                             | 5.44                             | 5.10                             | 3.78                             | 223.87                 | 236.71                 | 223.04                 | 127.94                 |
| 29   | WEST BENGAL         | 61.11                            | 58.25                            | 52.41                            | 38.82                            | 2864.97                | 2355.46                | 3125.57                | 2226.33                |
| 30   | ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR | 0.10                             | 0.12                             | 0.07                             | 0.04                             | 2.68                   | 4.12                   | 1.90                   | 0.94                   |
| 31   | LAKSHADWEEP         | 0.00                             | 0.00                             | 0.00                             | 0.00                             | 0.03                   | 0.00                   | 0.06                   | 0.06                   |
| 32   | PUDUCHERRY Total    | 0.33 481.32                      | 0.31 512.22                      | 0.38 511.77                      | 0.29 424.86                      | 5.62 23513.13          | 5.37 23565.01          | 7.26 23420.50          | 5.33 16322.49          |

*As on 30.11.2018 Note: All figures as per MIS (www.nrega.nic.in)

(c) Year wise and State-wise DDUGKY Physical achievement under Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushlya Yojana (DDU-GKY)

|             |                   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   | Year wise and Statewise DDU-GKY Physical achievement   |
|-------------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.     | State             | FY 15-16                                               | FY 15-16                                               | FY 16-17                                               | FY 16-17                                               | FY 17-18                                               | FY 17-18                                               | FY 18-19 till Nov '18 as on 03.12.'18 (as per MPR)     | FY 18-19 till Nov '18 as on 03.12.'18 (as per MPR)     |
|             |                   | Trained                                                | Placed                                                 | Trained                                                | Placed                                                 | Trained                                                | Placed                                                 | Trained                                                | Placed                                                 |
| 1           | Andhra Pradesh    | 4013                                                   | 1989                                                   | 12787                                                  | 18966                                                  | 17341                                                  | 10954                                                  | 18182                                                  | 20134                                                  |
| 2           | Arunachal Pradesh | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      |
| 3           | Assam             | 4258                                                   | 3022                                                   | 8202                                                   | 1479                                                   | 9936                                                   | 3464                                                   | 9320                                                   | 4487                                                   |
| 4           | Bihar             | 7722                                                   | 3685                                                   | 8608                                                   | 4216                                                   | 6972                                                   | 4859                                                   | 5799                                                   | 4267                                                   |
| 5           | Chhattisgarh      | 8434                                                   | 4463                                                   | 7355                                                   | 1987                                                   | 3111                                                   | 539                                                    | 3142                                                   | 2000                                                   |
| 6           | Gujarat           | 7892                                                   | 5083                                                   | 2254                                                   | 2075                                                   | 528                                                    | 160                                                    | 2515                                                   | 780                                                    |
| 7           | Haryana           | 13409                                                  | 8807                                                   | 10512                                                  | 586                                                    | 2281                                                   | 5832                                                   | 551                                                    | 3950                                                   |
| 8 Himachal  | Pradesh           | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | 350                                                    | -                                                      | 1748                                                   | 149                                                    |
| 9 Jammu and | Kashmir           | 18609                                                  | 16524                                                  | 7300                                                   | 6453                                                   | 1137                                                   | 1424                                                   | 1653                                                   | 152                                                    |
| 10          | Jharkhand         | 6939                                                   | 1314                                                   | 8360                                                   | 2355                                                   | 5526                                                   | 2375                                                   | 2941                                                   | 1494                                                   |
| 11          | Karnataka         | 10926                                                  | 5443                                                   | 10909                                                  | 4432                                                   | 8871                                                   | 4752                                                   | 3261                                                   | 3099                                                   |
| 12          | Kerala            | 4738                                                   | 2446                                                   | 11246                                                  | 5598                                                   | 10587                                                  | 4175                                                   | 7929                                                   | 6994                                                   |
| 13          | Madhya Pradesh    | 13089                                                  | 3954                                                   | 10974                                                  | 3546                                                   | 5353                                                   | 1823                                                   | 4679                                                   | 1504                                                   |
| 14          | Maharashtra       | -                                                      | -                                                      | 4140                                                   | 3694                                                   | 7082                                                   | 7390                                                   | 5255                                                   | 2235                                                   |
| 15          | Manipur           | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      |
| 16          | Meghalaya         | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | 440                                                    | 202                                                    |
| 17          | Mizoram           | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | 72                                                     | -                                                      |
| 18          | Nagaland          | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      |
| 19          | Odisha            | 23070                                                  | 18001                                                  | 32108                                                  | 45726                                                  | 23520                                                  | 14035                                                  | 22916                                                  | 21562                                                  |
| 20          | Punjab            | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | 4987                                                   | 563                                                    | 1499                                                   | 1273                                                   |
| 21          | Rajasthan         | 23143                                                  | 12844                                                  | 3837                                                   | 3397                                                   | 2599                                                   | 693                                                    | 4423                                                   | 2744                                                   |
| 22          | Sikkim            | 304                                                    | 205                                                    | -                                                      | 70                                                     | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      |
| 23 Tamil    | Nadu              | 20449                                                  | 9375                                                   | 113                                                    | 30780                                                  | 519                                                    | 765                                                    | 837                                                    | 121                                                    |
| 24          | Telangana         | 3554                                                   | 1830                                                   | 8969                                                   | 9150                                                   | 12470                                                  | 9048                                                   | 9527                                                   | 12541                                                  |
| 25          | Tripura           | 305                                                    | 75                                                     | 1197                                                   | 342                                                    | 1530                                                   | 526                                                    | 723                                                    | 875                                                    |
| 26          | Uttar Pradesh     | 63209                                                  | 8552                                                   | 11203                                                  | 2052                                                   | 4795                                                   | 892                                                    | 8155                                                   | 2710                                                   |
| 27          | Uttarakhand       | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | -                                                      | 369                                                    | 155                                                    |
| 28          | West Bengal       | 2408                                                   | 1900                                                   | 2512                                                   | 979                                                    | 2032                                                   | 1518                                                   | 2854                                                   | 2212                                                   |
|             | Total             | 236471                                                 | 109512                                                 | 162586                                                 | 147883                                                 | 131527                                                 | 75787                                                  | 118790                                                 | 95640                                                  |

Source: M/o Rural Development

(d) Details of no. of skill trained candidates placed under (EST&P), year wise, state-wise progress under DAY-NULM since 2014-15 till date (As on 05.12.2018).

| Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   | Number of Skill Trained Candidates Placed   |
|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| S.No .                                      | States/UTs                                  | FY 2014- 15                                 | FY 2015- 16                                 | FY 2016- 17                                 | FY 2017- 18                                 | FY 2018- 19                                 | Cumulati ve                                 |
| 1                                           | Andhra Pradesh                              | 182                                         | 3116                                        | 35882                                       | 12010                                       | 38100                                       | 89290                                       |
| Arunachal                                   | Arunachal                                   | Arunachal                                   | Arunachal                                   |                                             |                                             |                                             |                                             |
| 2                                           | Pradesh                                     | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | 113                                         | 297                                         | 410                                         |
| 3                                           | Assam                                       | -                                           | -                                           | 293                                         | 1284                                        | 258                                         | 1835                                        |
| 4                                           | Bihar                                       | -                                           | 90                                          | 176                                         | 1546                                        | 108                                         | 1920                                        |
| 5                                           | Chhattisgarh                                | 655                                         | 3513                                        | 5858                                        | 6476                                        | 2800                                        | 19302                                       |
| 6                                           | Goa                                         | -                                           | -                                           | 66                                          | 639                                         | 833                                         | 1538                                        |
| 7                                           | Gujarat                                     | -                                           | 226                                         | 3920                                        | 6388                                        | 6741                                        | 17275                                       |
| 8                                           | Haryana                                     | 282                                         | -                                           | -                                           | 685                                         | 494                                         | 1461                                        |
| 9                                           | Himachal Pradesh                            | -                                           | 196                                         | 86                                          | 100                                         | 116                                         | 498                                         |
| 10                                          | Jammu & Kashmir                             | -                                           | 254                                         | -                                           | 25                                          | 60                                          | 339                                         |
| 11                                          | Jharkhand                                   | -                                           | -                                           | 2700                                        | 20795                                       | 2093                                        | 25588                                       |
| 12                                          | Karnataka                                   | -                                           | 3527                                        | 637                                         | 898                                         | -                                           | 5062                                        |
| 13                                          | Kerala                                      | -                                           | -                                           | 443                                         | 2413                                        | 1570                                        | 4426                                        |
| 14                                          | Madhya Pradesh                              | 2337                                        | 4307                                        | 38060                                       | 3039                                        | 19936                                       | 67679                                       |
| 15                                          | Maharashtra                                 | -                                           | -                                           | 11768                                       | 6083                                        | 10656                                       | 28507                                       |
| 16                                          | Manipur                                     | -                                           | 6                                           | -                                           | -                                           | 41                                          | 47                                          |
| 17                                          | Meghalaya                                   | -                                           | -                                           | 317                                         | 111                                         | 7                                           | 435                                         |
| 18                                          | Mizoram                                     | -                                           | -                                           | 147                                         | 91                                          | 684                                         | 922                                         |
| 19                                          | Nagaland                                    | 1866                                        | 691                                         | 341                                         | 1749                                        | -                                           | 4647                                        |
| 20                                          | Odisha                                      | -                                           | -                                           | 2467                                        | 776                                         | -                                           | 3243                                        |
| 21                                          | Punjab                                      | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | 1139                                        | 893                                         | 2032                                        |
| 22                                          | Rajasthan                                   | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | 33                                          | 1345                                        | 1378                                        |
| 23                                          | Sikkim                                      | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | 187                                         | 187                                         |
| 24                                          | Tamil Nadu                                  | 52988                                       | 6262                                        | -                                           | 1156                                        | 1849                                        | 62255                                       |
| 25                                          | Telangana                                   | 2628                                        | 3718                                        | 1861                                        | 10013                                       | 4078                                        | 22298                                       |
| 26                                          | Tripura                                     | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | 2                                           | 101                                         | 103                                         |
| 27                                          | Uttar Pradesh                               | -                                           | -                                           | 42174                                       | 30058                                       | 11                                          | 72243                                       |
| 28                                          | Uttarakhand                                 | -                                           | -                                           | 1731                                        | -                                           | 663                                         | 2394                                        |
| 29                                          | West Bengal                                 | 2083                                        | 6322                                        | 2691                                        | 6919                                        | 832                                         | 18847                                       |
| 30                                          | A & N Islands                               | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           |
| 31                                          | Chandigarh                                  | 94                                          | 1436                                        | 283                                         | 875                                         | -                                           | 2688                                        |
| 32                                          | D & N Haveli                                | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           |
| 33                                          | Daman & Diu                                 | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           |
| 34                                          | Delhi                                       | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           |
| 35                                          | Puducherry                                  | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           | -                                           |
|                                             | Total                                       | 63115                                       | 33664                                       | 151901                                      | 115416                                      | 94753                                       | 458849                                      |

Source: M/o Housing and Urban Affairs