Lok Sabha Question No. 1112 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-12-17
Subject: Decline in Exports
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: RAJESH PANDEY, RAM CHARITRA, T.G. VENKATESH BABU, RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY, NISHIKANT  DUBEY, SHIVKUMAR CHANABASAPPA UDASI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1112 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17 th  DECEMBER,2018

## DECLINE IN EXPORTS

1112. SHRI RAJESH PANDEY: SHRI RAM CHARITRA NISHAD: SHRI VENKATESH BABU T.G.: SHRI RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY: SHRI NISHIKANT DUBEY: SHRI SHIVKUMAR UDASI:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE & INDUSTRY ( वाͨणÏय एवं उɮयोग मंğी ) be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the country's  exports have touched an all  time low and if so, the details thereof, sector-wise and the reasons therefor along with the sector-wise details of exports made to various countries during the last three years and the current year, country-wise;
- (b) whether it is true that exports of over half of the 30 sectors closely monitored by the Government were in the negative zone for the last several months and this negative growth is primarily due to high base effect last year and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether it is also true that India's exports have been hovering around $300 billion a year since 2011-12 without substantial growth and one of the main challenges for exports is finance and if so, the details thereof;
- (d) whether  the  Government  has  convened  or  proposed  a  meeting  with  the  States Governments and Industry representatives to discuss the ways and means to boost the country's exports and if so, the details thereof along with the incentives, if any, proposed to various sectors and the targets for exports fixed for the next three years and if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (e) whether  the  Government  has  also  any  plan  to  prepare  a  new  strategy  to  make country's  exports  a  major  source  of  economic  growth  and  if  so,  the  measures proposed to be taken to boost the exports along with the details of contribution of exports to country's GDP during the last three years?

## ANSWER

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THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (SHRI C. R. CHAUDHARY)

- (a) India's  merchandise  exports  have  been  continuously  increasing  since  2016-17  after  a steady recovery from the downturn in exports seen in the face of the global slowdown in 2014-15  (-1.29%)  and  2015-16(-15.49%).  During  the  current  period  2018-19  (Apr-Nov), India's exports registered a positive growth of 11.58% over corresponding period of the previous year. The details of India's exports for last three years and the current year are as follows:

| Years              |   Value of Export (in US$ billions) | %Change   |
|--------------------|-------------------------------------|-----------|
| 2015-16            |                              262.29 | -15.49    |
| 2016-17            |                              275.85 | 5.17      |
| 2017-18            |                              303.53 | 10.03     |
| 2017-18 (Apr-Nov)  |                              194.93 | --        |
| 2018-19 (Apr-Nov)* |                              217.52 | 11.58     |

Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata (*: Quick Estimates)

The sector-wise values of exports during the last three years and the current year are given at Annexure-I. The values of exports to top 40 destinations during the last three years and the current year are given at Annexure-II.

- (b) The data given in the table at annexure-III reveals that of the 30 sectors of exports during the last eight months of the current year 2018-19 (Apr- Nov), 12 sectors show negative growth as compared with the same period of the last year 2017-18 (Apr-Nov).
- ( c )  The  details of merchandise exports since 2011-12 are as below:

| Years               |   Value in Billion USD | %change in growth   |
|---------------------|------------------------|---------------------|
| 2011-12             |                 305.96 |                     |
| 2012-13             |                 300.4  | -1.82               |
| 2013-14             |                 314.42 | 4.67                |
| 2014-15             |                 310.35 | -1.29               |
| 2015-16             |                 262.29 | -15.49              |
| 2016-17             |                 275.85 | 5.17                |
| 2017-18             |                 303.53 | 10.03               |
| 2017-18 (Apr-Nov)   |                 194.93 | --                  |
| 2018-19 (Apr-Nov))* |                 217.52 | 11.58               |

Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata  (*: Quick Estimates)

The data in the above table reveals that India's exports were hovering around $300 billion a year  during  2011-12  to  2014-15.  The  exports  continued  to  decline  till  2015-16  following global  trend  of  decline  in  growth  of  exports  due  to  economic  slowdown  leading  to  lower demand in international markets and lower commodity prices. However, India's merchandise exports have been continuously increasing since 2016-17 after a steady recovery from the downturn in exports seen in the face of the global slowdown in 2014-15 (-1.29%) and 201516(-15.49%).  During  the  current  period  2018-19  (Apr-Nov),  India's  exports  registered  a positive growth of 11.58% over corresponding period of the previous year.

- (d) To involve the States in export promotions, two meetings of the Board of Trade were held in April 2016 and June 2018 and two meetings of Councils for Trade and Investment were held  in  January  2016  and  January  2017.    The  3 rd meeting  of  the  Council  for  Trade Development  &  Promotion  was  held  on  08 th January,  2018  in  New  Delhi  under  the Chairmanship of Hon'ble Commerce & Industry Minister in which representatives from 28 States  and  4  UTs  participated,  including  13  Ministers.    The  State/UT  representatives articulated their perspective on the trade policy, the need for creating more awareness about export related issues and resolved to jointly address impediments in trade which affect  India's  exports.    The  major  issues  discussed  were  promoting  services  exports, organic farming, value addition to agricultural products including facilitation for branding,  promotion,  packing  and  developing  post-harvest  infrastructure  for  agri-horti

product  exports,  facilitation  to  exporters  and  creation  of  exports  infrastructure  at  the borders.

As per Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20, the Government aims to increase India's exports of merchandise and services from US$ 465.9 billions to approximately US$ 900 billions by 2019-20 and to raise India's share in world exports (Goods and Services) from 2% to 3.5%.

- (e) In order to promote India's exports, the Government has taken several measures through new Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 launched on 1 st April 2015, its Mid-term Review released on December 5, 2017 and other policy measures taken from time to time. The key measures include:
- i. FTP 2015-20 provides a framework for increasing exports of goods and services as well as generation of employment and increasing value addition in the country, in line with the 'Make in India', 'Digital India', 'Skills India', 'Startup India' and 'Ease of doing business' initiatives.
- ii. Facilitating Transparency through Ease of Doing Business and IT initiatives:
- (a) Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) online integrated with Customs ICEGATE.
- (b) Mandatory documents required for exports and imports reduced to 3 each.
- (c) Import Export Code (IEC) integrated with PAN and MoU signed with GSTN for complete integration.
- (d) Electronic  bank  realisation  certificate  (eBRC)  system  shared  with  14  States Governments for quick tax refunds.
- (e) MoU signed with GST Network for integration of E-BRC with GSTN.
- iii. The  main policy  objective is  to  enable  India  to  respond  to  the  challenges  of  the external  environment  keeping  in  view  the  rapidly  evolving  international  trading architecture  and  make  trade  a  major  contributor  to  the  country's  economic growth and development.
- iv. The policy provides the framework for promotion of exports through schemes of incentives on exports and duty remission/exemption on inputs for export production.
- v. The policy introduces two new schemes, namely 'Merchandise Exports from India Scheme  (MEIS)'  for  improving  export  of  specified  goods  by  merging  five  earlier schemes for better coherence and 'Services Exports from India Scheme (SEIS)' for increasing  exports  of  notified  services.  Duty  credit  scrips  issued  under  MEIS  and SEIS and the goods imported against these scrips are fully transferable. The MEIS scheme now covers 8057 tariff lines at 8 digits level to all countries.
- vi. The  policy  includes  measures  to  nudge  procurement  of  capital  goods  from indigenous  manufacturers  under  the  EPCG  scheme  by  reducing  specific  export obligation from 90 percent to 75 percent of the normal export obligation.
- vii. The  policy  provides  issue  of  Advance  Authorisation  to  allow  duty  free  import  of inputs,  which  is  physically  incorporated  in  export  product  within  a  specified timeline.
- viii. Interest  Equalization  Scheme  on  pre  and  post  shipment  rupee  export  credit  has been  introduced  from  1.4.2015  to  help  exporters  in  accessing  credit  at  reduced rates.
- ix. 'Niryat  Bandhu  Scheme'  has  been  galvanised  and  repositioned  to  achieve  the objectives of 'Skill India' and trade promotion/awareness.
- x. Trade facilitation and enhancing the ease of doing business measures have been taken with special focus on moving towards paperless working. The Government has launched a Single Window Interface for Facilitating Trade (SWIFT) clearances project with effect from 1 st April, 2016. The scheme enables the importers/exporters  to  file  a  common  electronic  'Integrated  Declaration'  on  the Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data Interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway  i.e.  ICEGATE  portal.  India  also  ratified  the  WTO  Agreement  on  Trade Facilitation (TFA) in April 2016 for enhancing trade facilitation.
- xi. A  new  scheme  called  'Trade  Infrastructure  for  Export  Scheme  (TIES)'  has  been launched  from  1 st April  2017  to  address  the  export  infrastructure  gaps  in  the country.
- xii. A  new  Logistic  Division  was  created  in  Department  of  Commerce  to  focus  on improving logistic efficiency and enhancing growth.
- xiii. The Mid-term Review of Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 launched on 5 th December 2017 provides more incentives for export promotion.

Due  to  the  above  mentioned  steps  taken  by  the  Government  over  the  few  years, country's export has been a major source of economic growth. The details of contribution of exports to country's GDP during the last three years are as follows:

| Years     | India's Overall Exports (in Rs. Crore)   |   GDP at current prices (in Rs. Crore) |   %Share of Exports in GDP |
|-----------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| 2015-2016 | 27,28,641                                |                               13764037 |                      19.82 |
| 2016-2017 | 29,46,243                                |                               15253714 |                      19.31 |
| 2017-2018 | 31,94,507                                |                               16773145 |                      19.05 |

Source: Press release, CSO, MoSPI, 31 st

May 2018.

***

Annexure-I Statement referred to in reply of part (a) of Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 1112 for answer on 17 th December 2018.

Sector-wise India's export

|                      |                                                       |           |           |           | (value in US$ million)   | (value in US$ million)   |
|----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
| S. No.               | Major Commodities                                     | 2015-16   | 2016-17   | 2017-18   | 2017-18 (Apr- Nov)       | 2018-19 (Apr- Nov)*      |
| 1                    | Engineering Goods                                     | 61949.53  | 67216.12  | 78695.69  | 50210.87                 | 53950.72                 |
| 2                    | Petroleum Products                                    | 30582.64  | 31545.26  | 37465.08  | 23136.88                 | 33931.10                 |
| 3                    | Gems And Jewellery                                    | 39284.27  | 43412.76  | 41544.44  | 28025.64                 | 27035.75                 |
| 4                    | Organic And Inorganic Chemicals                       | 13696.98  | 14476.86  | 18508.5   | 11341.49                 | 14644.77                 |
| 5                    | Drugs And Pharmaceuticals                             | 16909.49  | 16785     | 17282.81  | 11082.66                 | 12326.79                 |
| 6                    | Rmg Of All Textiles                                   | 16964.36  | 17368.15  | 16706.94  | 11040.58                 | 9976.14                  |
| 7                    | Cotton Yarn/Fabs./Madeups, Handloom Products Etc.     | 10119.36  | 9862.2    | 10260.36  | 6588.52                  | 7503.06                  |
| 8                    | Plastic And Linoleum                                  | 5764.18   | 5796.46   | 6851.13   | 4293.32                  | 5744.00                  |
| 9                    | Electronic Goods                                      | 5959.52   | 5962.93   | 6393.12   | 4091.72                  | 5475.32                  |
| 10                   | Marine Products                                       | 4767.51   | 5903.06   | 7389.22   | 5232.81                  | 4793.70                  |
| 11                   | Rice                                                  | 5846.62   | 5733.79   | 7806.15   | 4960.21                  | 4602.81                  |
| 12                   | Leather And Leather Manufactures                      | 5407.84   | 5165.6    | 5289.13   | 3512.32                  | 3452.60                  |
| 13                   | Man-Made Yarn/Fabs./Madeups Etc.                      | 4621.66   | 4557.08   | 4826.33   | 3138.16                  | 3291.99                  |
| 14                   | Meat, Dairy And Poultry Products                      | 4575.47   | 4368.79   | 4610.06   | 3117.57                  | 2941.47                  |
| 15                   | Mica, Coal And Other Ores, Minerals Including Process | 3656.04   | 3578.16   | 3776.88   | 2336.01                  | 2669.84                  |
| 16                   | Spices                                                | 2541.46   | 2851.95   | 3115.37   | 1999.59                  | 2095.89                  |
| 17                   | Ceramic Products And Glassware                        | 1712.05   | 1856.63   | 2131.78   | 1375.21                  | 1672.45                  |
| 18                   | Fruits And Vegetables                                 | 2268.81   | 2454.72   | 2513.33   | 1477.06                  | 1439.93                  |
| 19                   | Handicrafts Excl. Hand Made Carpet                    | 1648      | 1926.75   | 1823.34   | 1195.03                  | 1202.58                  |
| 20                   | Cereal Preparations And Miscellaneous Processed Item  | 1319.75   | 1270.85   | 1416.64   | 910.94                   | 1006.45                  |
| 21                   | Carpet                                                | 1440.07   | 1490.19   | 1429.82   | 953.15                   | 985.38                   |
| 22                   | Oil Meals                                             | 553.01    | 805.45    | 1093.16   | 692.05                   | 801.84                   |
| 23                   | Iron Ore                                              | 191.46    | 1533.53   | 1471.06   | 933.55                   | 787.32                   |
| 24                   | Oil Seeds                                             | 1246.89   | 1355.23   | 1174.34   | 749.81                   | 754.71                   |
| 25                   | Tobacco                                               | 982.01    | 958.69    | 934.25    | 596.03                   | 644.73                   |
| 26                   | Tea                                                   | 720.03    | 731.26    | 837.36    | 545.43                   | 534.94                   |
| 27                   | Coffee                                                | 783.87    | 842.84    | 968.57    | 642.75                   | 531.99                   |
| 28                   | Cashew                                                | 768.55    | 786.93    | 922.41    | 657.58                   | 435.29                   |
| 29                   | Other Cereals                                         | 261.18    | 212.3     | 248.59    | 145.42                   | 230.54                   |
| 30                   | Jute Mfg. Including Floor Covering                    | 295.36    | 309.95    | 335.08    | 224.73                   | 221.97                   |
| 31                   | Others                                                | 15453.12  | 14732.96  | 15705.21  | 9727.81                  | 11830.44                 |
| India's total Export | India's total Export                                  | 262291.09 | 275852.43 | 303526.16 | 194934.90                | 217516.51                |

Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata (*: Quick Estimates)

Annexure-II Statement referred to in reply of part (a) of Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 1112 for answer on 17 th December 2018.

Destination-wise India's export

| S.No.                  | COUNTRY           |   2015-16 |   2016-17 |   2017-18 |   2017-18 (Apr-Nov) |   2018-19 (Apr-Nov)* |
|------------------------|-------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|---------------------|----------------------|
| 1                      | U S A             |  40336    |  42212.3  |  47878.5  |            31089.7  |             34601.1  |
| 2                      | U Arab Emts       |  30316.5  |  31175.5  |  28146.1  |            19433.4  |             20187    |
| 3                      | China P Rp        |   9011.36 |  10171.9  |  13333.5  |             8112.8  |             11113.1  |
| 4                      | Hong Kong         |  12092.3  |  14047.2  |  14690.3  |             9928.94 |              8750.35 |
| 5                      | Singapore         |   7719.81 |   9564.58 |  10202.8  |             6849.33 |              7180.17 |
| 6                      | U K               |   8828.48 |   8530.07 |   9691.07 |             6032.06 |              6136.54 |
| 7                      | Germany           |   7092.87 |   7181.61 |   8687.8  |             5471.43 |              5833.79 |
| 8                      | Netherland        |   4725.1  |   5069.69 |   6261.14 |             3514.74 |              5803.34 |
| 9                      | Bangladesh Pr     |   6034.94 |   6820.11 |   8614.34 |             5192.34 |              5813.21 |
| 10                     | Nepal             |   3902.7  |   5453.59 |   6612.96 |             3965.77 |              5157.71 |
| 11                     | Vietnam Soc Rep   |   5265.99 |   6786.56 |   7813.08 |             5182.03 |              4509.3  |
| 12                     | Belgium           |   5027.61 |   5656.89 |   6206.88 |             3913.75 |              4659.41 |
| 13                     | Malaysia          |   3706.83 |   5224.86 |   5701.56 |             3600.41 |              4515.55 |
| 14                     | Italy             |   4217.73 |   4902.18 |   5709.85 |             3710.24 |              3617.53 |
| 15                     | Turkey            |   4140    |   4626.59 |   5090.7  |             3325.01 |              3656.18 |
| 16                     | Saudi Arab        |   6381.47 |   5110.28 |   5410.7  |             3302.83 |              3457.83 |
| 17                     | Korea Rp          |   3523.43 |   4241.42 |   4460.98 |             2844.75 |              3374.19 |
| 18                     | France            |   4633.4  |   5250.05 |   4900.27 |             3056.23 |              3258.62 |
| 19                     | Indonesia         |   2819.49 |   3488.12 |   3963.77 |             2492.36 |              3244.82 |
| 20                     | Japan             |   4662.85 |   3845.73 |   4734.22 |             3086.04 |              3054.3  |
| 21                     | Thailand          |   2987.86 |   3133.44 |   3653.83 |             2311.58 |              2986.39 |
| 22                     | South Africa      |   3588.07 |   3545.95 |   3825.21 |             2648.69 |              2930.45 |
| 23                     | Sri Lanka Dsr     |   5310.75 |   3913.15 |   4476.46 |             2768.97 |              2878.22 |
| 24                     | Mexico            |   2865.13 |   3460.98 |   3782.79 |             2509.1  |              2611.72 |
| 25                     | Spain             |   3237.11 |   3424.99 |   3995.11 |             2513.02 |              2646.67 |
| 26                     | Australia         |   3262.98 |   2957.79 |   4012.32 |             2658.48 |              2492.27 |
| 27                     | Israel            |   2821.18 |   3087.16 |   3364.05 |             2110.62 |              2583.42 |
| 28                     | Brazil            |   2650.34 |   2400.46 |   3063.49 |             2009.91 |              2494.24 |
| 29                     | Iran              |   2781.51 |   2379.61 |   2652.37 |             1844.38 |              1928.73 |
| 30                     | Egypt A Rp        |   2337.68 |   2067.35 |   2392.34 |             1615.11 |              1921.22 |
| 31                     | Canada            |   2018.42 |   2004.12 |   2506.15 |             1542.62 |              1819.78 |
| 32                     | Nigeria           |   2221.9  |   1764.11 |   2254.92 |             1363.12 |              1802.06 |
| 33                     | Taiwan            |   1425.92 |   2183.64 |   2156.67 |             1347.54 |              2143.23 |
| 34                     | Kenya             |   3025.85 |   2194.29 |   1974.57 |             1207.14 |              1476.33 |
| 35                     | Oman              |   2190.96 |   2728.3  |   2439.46 |             1713.91 |              1535.34 |
| 36                     | Russia            |   1587.81 |   1937.06 |   2113.39 |             1352.21 |              1523.25 |
| 37                     | Tanzania Rep      |   1654.64 |   1783.57 |   1618.8  |              919.19 |              1272.82 |
| 38                     | Pakistan Ir       |   2171.17 |   1821.87 |   1924.28 |              996.74 |              1414.04 |
| 39                     | Philippines       |   1353.34 |   1482.52 |   1692.83 |             1032.7  |              1116.65 |
| 40                     | Kuwait            |   1247.51 |   1497.99 |   1365.66 |              878.66 |               857.68 |
|                        | Total of above 40 | 225179    | 239128    | 263375    |           169448    |            188359    |
| %Share of above top 40 |                   |     85.85 |     86.69 |     86.77 |               86.93 |                86.6  |
| India's Total          | India's Total     | 262291    | 275852    | 303526    |           194935    |            217517    |

Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata (*: Quick Estimates)

Annexure-III Statement referred to in reply of part (b) of Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 1112 for answer on 17 th

## December 2018

Sector-wise India's exports:

| (Value in US$ million)   | (Value in US$ million)                                        | (Value in US$ million)   | (Value in US$ million)   | (Value in US$ million)   |
|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
| S. No.                   | Major Commodities                                             | 2017-18 (Apr-Nov)        | 2018-19 (Apr- Nov)*      | %Change                  |
| 1                        | Other cereals                                                 | 145.42                   | 230.54                   | 58.53                    |
| 2                        | Petroleum Products                                            | 23136.88                 | 33931.10                 | 46.65                    |
| 3                        | Electronic Goods                                              | 4091.72                  | 5475.32                  | 33.81                    |
| 4                        | Plastic & Linoleum                                            | 4293.32                  | 5744.00                  | 33.79                    |
| 5                        | Organic &Inorganic Chemicals                                  | 11341.49                 | 14644.77                 | 29.13                    |
| 6                        | Ceramic products &glassware                                   | 1375.21                  | 1672.45                  | 21.61                    |
| 7                        | Oil Meals                                                     | 692.05                   | 801.84                   | 15.86                    |
| 8                        | Mica, Coal& Other Ores, Minerals including processed minerals | 2336.01                  | 2669.84                  | 14.29                    |
| 9                        | Cotton Yarn/Fabs./made-ups, Handloom Products etc.            | 6588.52                  | 7503.06                  | 13.88                    |
| 10                       | Drugs &Pharmaceuticals                                        | 11082.66                 | 12326.79                 | 11.23                    |
| 11                       | Cereal preparations & miscellaneous processed items           | 910.94                   | 1006.45                  | 10.48                    |
| 12                       | Tobacco                                                       | 596.03                   | 644.73                   | 8.17                     |
| 13                       | Engineering Goods                                             | 50210.87                 | 53950.72                 | 7.45                     |
| 14                       | Man-made Yarn/Fabs./made-ups etc.                             | 3138.16                  | 3291.99                  | 4.90                     |
| 15                       | Spices                                                        | 1999.59                  | 2095.89                  | 4.82                     |
| 16                       | Carpet                                                        | 953.15                   | 985.38                   | 3.38                     |
| 17                       | Oil seeds                                                     | 749.81                   | 754.71                   | 0.65                     |
| 18                       | Handicrafts excl. handmade carpet                             | 1195.03                  | 1202.58                  | 0.63                     |
| 19                       | Jute Mfg. including Floor Covering                            | 224.73                   | 221.97                   | -1.23                    |
| 20                       | Leather & leather products                                    | 3512.32                  | 3452.60                  | -1.70                    |
| 21                       | Tea                                                           | 545.43                   | 534.94                   | -1.92                    |
| 22                       | Fruits & Vegetables                                           | 1477.06                  | 1439.93                  | -2.51                    |
| 23                       | Gems & Jewellery                                              | 28025.64                 | 27035.75                 | -3.53                    |
| 24                       | Meat, dairy& poultry products                                 | 3117.57                  | 2941.47                  | -5.65                    |
| 25                       | Rice                                                          | 4960.21                  | 4602.81                  | -7.21                    |
| 26                       | Marine Products                                               | 5232.81                  | 4793.70                  | -8.39                    |
| 27                       | RMGof all Textiles                                            | 11040.58                 | 9976.14                  | -9.64                    |
| 28                       | Iron Ore                                                      | 933.55                   | 787.32                   | -15.66                   |
| 29                       | Coffee                                                        | 642.75                   | 531.99                   | -17.23                   |
| 30                       | Cashew                                                        | 657.58                   | 435.29                   | -33.80                   |
| 31                       | Others                                                        | 9727.81                  | 11830.44                 | 21.61                    |
| India's total Export     | India's total Export                                          | 194934.90                | 217516.51                | 11.58                    |

Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata (*: Quick Estimates)

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