opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 3683 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-18
Subject: Privatisation of Airport
Ministry: CIVIL AVIATION
Asked by: Gaurav Gogoi

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO: : 3683 (To be answered on the 18' March 2021)

## PRIVATISATION OF AIRPORT

3683.

SHRI GAURAV GOGOI

## Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION

- (2) the details %f privatisation of the six airports in India;
2. (c) if s0, the reason therefor;

be pleased to state:-

- (b\_ hether it is true that prescribed procedure %f public consultation or consultation with the State Governments which are mandatory for out AAI airports through the Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode were not followed; leasing
- derehether recommendations of Department of Economic Affairs were incorported and if not, reasons therefor; and
- (e) whether it is true that a contract to develop more than one airport was not given to the same bidder before?

ANSWER

Minister of State (IC) in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION

<!-- image -->

(Shri Hardeep Singh Puri)

Ahmedabad, Lucknow and Mangaluru airports on 15.07.2019 and in  respect of Jaipur, Guwahati and ieasing

- transaction process for PPP of airports.
- the finalized the contours of the bidding process for PPP Of six airports
- (GVK Ied consortium).
Lok Sabha Question No. 3681 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-18
Subject: Release of Payment
Ministry: ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS
Asked by: Upendra Singh Rawat, Bholanath (B.P. Saroj)

## be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is aware that NKC Projects Private Limited  company  obtained  big  contract  tender  of  national highways from the Government and entrusted work to many small companies including Jam-Jam Company Private Limited after receiving full payment from the Government but payment is not being made to these small companies which is causing  hardships  to  the  officials/workers  of  these  small companies;
- (b) if  so,  the  details  thereof  along  with  the  reaction  of  the Government thereto;
- (c) the  action    being    taken/  by  the  Government  against  such companies like NKC Projects Private Limited; and
- (d) the steps taken/being taken by the Government to ensure that the funds released to such  companies reach to the intended eligible users?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

(SHRI NITIN JAIRAM GADKARI)

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3681 ANSWERED ON 18 TH  MARCH, 2021

## RELEASE OF PAYMENT

## 3681.  SHRI UPENDRA SINGH RAWAT: SHRI BHOLANATH (B.P. SAROJ):

## Will the Minister of ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

सड़क परिवहन औि िाजमार्ग  मंत्री

(a) to (d) This  is  a  dispute  related  to  non-settlement  of  dues between M/s NKC Projects Private Limited & its contractors/small companies. NHAI has no role regarding release of payment to such small companies engaged by M/s NKC Projects Private Limited. M/s Jam-Jam  Construction  Company  can  approach  the  appropriate forum for the redressal of grievance/settlement of pending claims in accordance with the provisions of law.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 319 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Gulbarga Railway Division
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Umesh G. Jadhav

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK  SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 319 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2021

## GULBARGA RAILWAY DIVISION

*319. DR. UMESH G. JADHAV:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the    Government  has  set  up  a    Committee  to    submit  the viability/feasibility report on Gulbarga Railway Division which was announced in 2014;
- (b)  if so, the details thereof;
- (c)  whether the Committee has since submitted its report; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, COMMERCE & INDUSTRY AND CONSUMER

AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

(SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

(a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  To  (d)  OF  STARRED QUESTION  NO.319  BY  DR.  UMESH  G.  JADHAV  TO  BE  ANSWERED  IN  LOK SABHA ON 17.03.2021 REGARDING GULBARGA RAILWAY DIVISION

(a)  to  (d):  A  Committee of senior Railway officers was constituted to analyze and review afresh, the feasibility of creation of three new Divisions announced in  2014,  including  one  at  Gulbarga.    The  Committee  after  examining  all  the relevant issues from operational, financial, administrative and other aspects of railway working has submitted its report and inter-alia concluded that creation of  new  divisions,  including  Gulbarga,  may  be  dropped  for  present.  This recommendation has been accepted by the Competent Authority.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 318 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Redevelopment of Railway Stations
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Sangamlal Kadedin Gupta

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## STARRED QUESTION NO. 318 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2021

## REDEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY STATIONS

†*318.  SHRI SANGAM LAL GUPTA:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Railways proposes to hand over 50 railway stations including  Delhi  and  Mumbai  to  the  private  sector  under  Public Private Participation (PPP) model;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government proposes to levy user charges from the passengers for the redevelopment and improving facilities at major railway stations on the lines of airports; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, COMMERCE & INDUSTRY AND CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

(SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

- (a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (d)  OF STARRED  QUESTION  NO.318  BY  SHRI  SANGAM  LAL  GUPTA  TO  BE REGARDING

ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 17.03.2021 REDEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY STATIONS (a) & (b): Ministry of Railways does not intend to hand over stations to private  sector.  The  ownership  of  the  stations  will  remain  with  the Railways. Ministry of Railways  endeavours  to redevelop railway stations  through  private  sector  participation  under  Public  Private Partnership mode. Works  of  redevelopment  of  Habibganj  is  at  advanced  stage. Works  for  redevelopment  of  Gomti  Nagar  station  is  under  process. Request  for  Qualification  (RFQ)  have  been  finalized  for  08  stations viz., Nagpur,  Amritsar, Sabarmati,  Gwalior, Puducherry,  Tirupati, Nellore  and  Dehradun.    RFQ  have  been  invited  for  03  stations  viz., New  Delhi,  Chattrapati  Shivaji  Maharaj  Terminus  and  Ernakulam. Contracts  have  been  awarded  for  redevelopment  of  Safdarjung  and Ajni (Nagpur) stations. (c) & (d): In order to expedite redevelopment of fifty (50) stations on PPP  mode,  Ministry  of  Railway  constituted  a  Group  of  Secretaries (GoS).  The  GoS  has  inter-alia  suggested  the  levy  of  user  fee  for redevelopment of stations.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 317 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Construction of Pune-Nasik Railway Line
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: Sadashiv Kisan Lokhande

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 317 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2021

## CONSTRUCTION OF PUNE-NASIK RAILWAY LINE

†*317.   SHRI SADASHIV KISAN LOKHANDE:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  taken  any  steps  for  construction  of Pune-Nasik railway line in Maharashtra;
- (b) if so, the details and present status thereof; and
- (c) the time by which the said work is likely to be completed along with the amount of funds likely to be spent in this regard?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF RAILWAYS, COMMERCE & INDUSTRY AND CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

(SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

- (a) to (c)  A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (c)  OF STARRED QUESTION NO. 317 BY SHRI SADASHIV KISAN LOKHANDE TO BE ANSWERED  IN  LOK SABHA  ON  17.03.2021  REGARDING CONSTRUCTION OF PUNE-NASIK RAILWAY LINE

(a)  to  (c):    The  project  Pune-Nasik  new  double  (Semi  High  Speed) BG line  (235  Km)  has  been  taken  up  by  Maharashtra  Rail  Infrastructure Development  Corporation  Ltd.(MRIDCL),  a  Joint  Venture  company  of Ministry  of  Railway  (50%)  and  Government  of  Maharashtra  (50%),  for development at a cost of ₹ 16,039 Cr.  In Principle approval has been given  for  this  project  on  02.06.2020  for  taking  up  pre-investment activities.  Project  has  been  referred  to  State  Government  for  their support. The financial structure of the project is as under:-

Share of Ministry of Railway- ₹ 3208 Cr

Share of Government of Maharashtra- ₹ 3208 Cr

Bank Loan- ₹ 9623 Cr

The project is not  yet  sanctioned. Completion  of  any  Railway  project depends  on  various  factors  like  quick land acquisition by  State Government, forest clearance by officials of forest department, shifting of  infringing  utilities,  statutory  clearances  from  various  authorities, geological and topographical conditions of area, law and order situation  in  the  area  of  project  site,  number  of  working  months  in  a year  for  particular  project  site  due  to  climate  conditions  etc.  and  all these  factors  affect  the  completion  time  of  the  project.  As  such,  no confirmed time frame for completion of projects can be ascertained at this stage.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 316 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Keralites Stranded in Gulf
Ministry: EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: Vellalath Kochukrishnan Nair. Sreekandan

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO *316 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2021

## KERALITES STRANDED IN GULF

## * 316. SHRI V.K. SREEKANDAN:

Will the Minister of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether many Keralites were stranded in Dubai enroute to Saudi Arabia due to recently imposed air travel restrictions in the Kingdom and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether Keralites who had served 14 day quarantine in Dubai before leaving for Saudi Arabia have been affected and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Union Government has taken any steps to provide travel permits to the stranded Keralites in Dubai in consultation/ coordination with the concerned Government; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS (DR. SUBRAHMANYAM JAISHANKAR)

- (a)  to (d) A statement is laid on the T able of the House.

## PRIORITY-XVI

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (A) TO (D) OF LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *316 REGARDING 'KERALITES STRANDED IN GULF' TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2021

(a) & b) Yes, several Indian nationals, including Keralites, en route Saudi Arabia were stranded in UAE after Saudi Arabia introduced a ban on flights from UAE (which was among 20 such countries) on February 3, 2021 due to the Covid-19 situation.   It is difficult to estimate the exact number of Indians stranded in UAE.

(c) & d) Government took up the matter of Indians stranded in UAE   with   government   authorities   in   Saudi   Arabia   and   UAE, including through our Embassies and Consulates. Government has also been discussing an air bubble arrangement with Saudi Arabia so that   the   difficulties   being   faced   by   Indians   in   travelling   to   Saudi Arabia due to Covid-19 pandemic can be addressed.

An Advisory was issued by Embassy of India in Abu Dhabi and Consulate   General   of   India   in   Dubai   on   February   8   providing guidance to the stranded Indian citizens.    They also provided all assistance  to   the   stranded   Indians,   as   appropriate,   including   their repatriation to India in the eligible cases.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 314 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Challenges Faced by Armed Forces
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: Khagen Murmu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.314

TO BE ANSWERED ON 17 th  March, 2021

## CHALLENGES FACED BY ARMED FORCES

## *314. SHRI KHAGEN MURMU:

Will the Minister of DEFENCE j{kk ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  country  faces  the  challenges  of  modernising  its  ageing  military  hardware, indigenising its military hardware to ensure self-sufficiency and harmonising its combat power to ensure that it can defend its borders against security threats; (b)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  measures  being  taken  by  the  Government  to  meet  these
- challenges; and
- (c)  the  steps  taken  by  the  Government  in  regard  to  the  country's  problems  of  prioritising spending  and  getting  its  armed  forces  to  plan  to  fight  together  rather  than  coordinate  their operations in integrated theatres?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF DEFENCE                                    (SHRI RAJNATH SINGH)

(a) to (c):  A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (c)  OF  LOK  SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  NO. 314 FOR ANSWER  ON  17.03.2021  REGARDING 'CHALLENGES FACED BY ARMED FORCES'.

The desired information is strategic/sensitive in nature and its disclosure is not in the interest of National Security.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 312 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Implementation of PMGDISHA in Rajasthan
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Arjunlal Meena

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. * 312

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 17.03.2021

## IMPLEMENTATION OF PMGDISHA IN RAJASTHAN

## *312.    SHRI ARJUN LAL MEENA:

Will the Minister of Electronics & Information Technology be pleased to state:-

- (a) the  number  of  individuals  educated  and  certified  as  digitally  literate  under Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) as on date;
- (b) whether the implementation of the said scheme has been sluggish in the State of Rajasthan;
- (c) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and
- (d) the remedial steps taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI RAVI SHANKAR PRASAD)

- (a)  to (d):     A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION NO.*312  FOR 17-03-2021 REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION OF PMGDISHA IN RAJASTHAN

……..

(a): Under the PMGDISHA Scheme, as on 12.03.2021, around 4.54 Crore candidates have been enrolled, more than 3.69 Crore candidates have completed the training out of which 2.71 Crore have been certified by duly authorized 3rd party Assessment Agencies.

(b) to (d): In the state of Rajasthan, as against the stipulated target of 37,12,000, so far a total of around  22,46,741 candidates have been enrolled and 17,73,993 have been trained, out of which 13,00,509 candidates have been certified under the scheme.

Since  March  2020,  the  COVID-19  pandemic  resulted  in  widespread  impact  on  the implementation of PMGDISHA scheme across the country including the state of Rajasthan. Due to  COVID-19 and ensuing Lockdowns imposed by Central /State  Governments, the training centres had to be kept closed for around six months. After the easing of lockdown restrictions in September 2020, the enrolment, training and certification activities have been opened  up  in  a  phased  manner  while  following  the  social  distancing  norms.  Now  the Scheme  implementation  has  picked  up  across  the  country  including  in  the  state  of Rajasthan.  After  the  onset  of  pandemic,  a  total  of  90,14,374  candidates  have  been registered, 65,34,990 candidates have been trained, out of which 55,85,613 candidates have been duly certified across the country. Out of this, 4,07,541 candidates have been registered, 2,83,577 candidates have been trained and 2,20,993 candidates have been certified in the state of Rajasthan since the onset of pandemic.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 311 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: e-Commerce Companies
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: A. Ganeshamurthi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT FOR PROMOTION OF INDUSTRY AND INTERNAL TRADE

## LOK SABHA

STARRED QUESTION NO. 311. TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, THE 17 TH  MARCH, 2021.

## e-COMMERCE COMPANIES

## *311.  SHRI A. GANESHAMURTHI:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY be pleased to state: वाणिज्य  एवं उद्योग मंत्री

- (a) whether  the  All  India  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  Industry  (AICCI)  has demanded the Union Government that some big e-commerce companies be banned from operating in India due to excessive discounts, low pricing and restrictions on goods and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether it  is  true  that  the  said  e-commerce  companies  have  also  exploited loopholes in the FDI policy and foreign exchange regulations;
- (c) if  so,  the  details  thereof  including  the  action  taken/being  taken  by  the Government against these companies; and
- (d) if no action has been taken/proposed to be taken, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## वाणिज्य  एवं उद्योग मंत्री (श्री पीयूष गोयल) THE MINISTER OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRI  PIYUSH GOYAL)

(a) to (d): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

******

## STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (d)  OF  THE  LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 311 FOR ANSWER ON 17.03.2021.

- (a): No  such  representation  from  All  India  Chamber  of  Commerce  and Industry (AICCI) has been received in this Department.
- (b) & (c): The Government has received complaints against certain e-commerce companies alleging violation of FDI policy and necessary actions under the provisions of Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 have been taken for investigation by Enforcement Directorate.
- (d): Does not arise.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 308 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Definition of Poverty
Ministry: PLANNING
Asked by: Ranjeeta Koli

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PLANNING

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 308

TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.03.2021

## DEFINITION OF POVERTY

## †*308.SHRIMATI RANJEETA KOLI:

Will the Minister of PLANNING be pleased to state:

- (a) whether a committee/task force was constituted for making changes in the definition and in the criteria of poverty;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the date on which the said task force was constituted along with the date on which the task force submitted its report; and
- (d) the reasons for delay in considering the said report?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF STATISTICS & PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION

(RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

- (a) to (d):  A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

## STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) TO (d) OF LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  308*  REGARDING  'DEFINITION  OF  POVERTY' RAISED BY SHRIMATI RANJEETA KOLI.

(a)  to  (d):  Pursuant  to  the  decision  taken  in  the  first  meeting  of  the  Governing  Council  of NITI Aayog held under the Chairmanship of Hon'ble Prime Minister on 8th February, 2015, a  Task  Force  on  Elimination  of  Poverty  in  India  was  constituted  by  NITI  Aayog  on  16th March, 2015 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Arvind Panagariya, former Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog.

The Task Force submitted its Report on 11 th July,  2016.  The  Task  Force inter  alia recommended that  the  strategy  for  combating  poverty  must  rest  on  two  legs,  namely sustained rapid growth that is also employment intensive and making anti-poverty programs more effective.

Government  has  been  consistently  taking  initiatives  towards  ensuring  sustained economic growth. The Government is also implementing a number of targeted programmes for  overall  balanced  development  in  the  country  such  as  Pradhan  Mantri  Awas  Yojana (PMAY),  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Act  (MGNREGA), Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana -National Rural Livelihoods  Mission  (DAY-NRLM), Deendayal  Antyodaya  Yojana  -  National  Urban  Livelihoods  Mission  (DAY-NULM), National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban  Mission  (SPMRM),  Pradhan  Mantri  Suraksha  Bima  Yojana  (PMSBY),  Pradhan Mantri  Jeevan  Jyoti  Bima  Yojana,  Atal  Pension  Yojana,  Pradhan  Mantri  Mudra  Yojana, Stand-Up India Scheme etc.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 306 (STARRED), answered on 2021-03-17
Subject: Chandrayaan Mission
Ministry: SPACE
Asked by: Gangasandra Siddappa Basavaraj

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF SPACE LOK SABHA

## TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, MARCH 17, 2021

## STARRED QUESTION NO. 306 CHANDRAYAAN MISSION

## *306.  SHRI G.S. BASAVARAJ:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

the  present  status  of  India's  aborted  Chandrayaan  Mission which  is  considered  as  the  nation's  most  ambitious  space journey to Moon?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PG & PENSIONS AND IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH):

A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

****

STATEMENT LAID ON THE TABLE OF THE LOK SABHA IN REPLY TO STARRED QUESTION NO. 306 REGARDING 'CHANDRAYAAN MISSION' ASKED BY SHRI G.S. BASAVARAJ FOR ANSWERING ON WEDNESDAY, MARCH 17, 2021.

Chandrayaan-2  was  a  highly  complex  mission  to  develop  and demonstrate  the  key  technologies  for  end-to-end  lunar  mission capability, including soft-landing and roving on the lunar surface. It comprised of an Orbiter, Lander and Rover. But  for  achieving  soft  landing  at  the  intended  spot,  the  other objectives of the mission have been significantly attained. So much so,  that  against  an  initially  envisaged  one-year  life  of  orbiter,  we expect it to be serving for seven years. The mission has accomplished the objective of expanding the lunar scientific knowledge through detailed study of topography, mineralogy, surface chemical composition, thermo-physical characteristics and tenuous lunar atmosphere leading to a better understanding of the origin and evolution of the moon.

*****