Lok Sabha Question No. 1044 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-02-08
Subject: Air Pollution Levels
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: KULAMANI SAMAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION N0. 1044

TO BE ANSWERED ON 08.02.2019

## Air Pollution Levels

## 1044. DR. KULAMANI SAMAL:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether a recent study by the Indian Council of Medical Research has found that 77 percent  of  country's  population  was  found  to  be  exposed  to  ambient  air  pollution levels above the national safe limit and worst hit States are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand and 26 percent premature deaths/disease burden have taken place due to air pollution;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the position in each of these aspects at the time of independence and at present, in all States and Union Territories; and
- (d) the corrective steps taken by the Government in each of these aspects?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE (DR. MAHESH SHARMA)

- (a) &  (b)  An  article  ''The  impact  of  air  pollution  on  deaths,  disease  burden,  and  life expectancy across the states of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017'' has been published in Lancet Planet Health 2018 on 6 th December 2018 funded by Bill & Melinda  Gates  Foundation  and  Indian  Council  of  Medical  Research,  Department  of Health  Research,  Ministry  of  Health  and  Family  Welfare.  According  to  the  article, 77% of India's population was exposed to mean PM2.5 more than 40 μg/m 3 and Delhi had  the  highest  annual  population-weighted  mean  PM2.5  in  2017,  followed  by  Uttar Pradesh,  Bihar,  and  Haryana  in  North  India,  all  with  mean  values  greater  than  125 μg/m³. Also as per the article, 26% of global Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years (DALYs) were attributable to air pollution.
- (c) Central  Pollution  Control  Board  (CPCB)  is  monitoring  ambient  air  quality  in  731 locations  covering  312  cities/towns  in  29  States  and  6  Union  Territories  across  the country  under National  Air Quality Monitoring  Programme (NAMP). Under NAMP three  pollutants  viz.  PM10  (Particulate  Matter  having  an  aerodynamic  diameter  less than or equal to 10 µm), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is being monitored regularly at all locations. PM2.5 (Particulate Matter having an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm) is monitored at 205 locations covering 98 cities.

The ambient air quality monitoring with respect to PM2.5 was initiated in 2014 under NAMP. The ambient air quality data for different cities of the country during 2014 and 2017 is attached at Annexure.

- (d) The measures  taken/being taken by the Government to check environmental pollution, inter alia, include; notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards; setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air quality; introduction of cleaner / alternate  fuels  like  gaseous  fuel  (CNG,  LPG  etc.),  ethanol  blending;  launching  of National Air Quality index; universalization of BS-IV from 2017; leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards since 1st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi and from 1st April,  2020  in  the  rest  of  the  country;  notification  of  Construction  and  Demolition Waste  Management  Rules;  banning  of  burning  of  biomass;  notifications  regarding mandatory implementation of dust mitigation measures for construction and demolition activities; promotion of public transport network; streamlining the issuance of Pollution Under Control Certificate; issuance of directions under Section 18(1)(b) of Air (Prevention and  Control  of Pollution) Act,  1981  and  under  Section  5  of Environment (Protection) Act, etc.

Annexure Ambient air quality in cities with respect to PM2.5during 2014 and 2017

| Sl.   | State / UT               | Sl.     | City            | Annual average ofPM 2.5 in µg/m 3   | Annual average ofPM 2.5 in µg/m 3   |
|-------|--------------------------|---------|-----------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| No.   |                          | No      |                 | 2014                                | 2017                                |
| 1.    | Bihar                    | 1.      | Begusarai       | -                                   | 68                                  |
|       |                          | 2.      | Muzaffarpur     | -                                   | 89                                  |
| 2.    | Chandigarh               | 3.      | Chandigarh      | -                                   | 64                                  |
| 3.    | Chattisgarh              | 4.      | Raigarh         | -                                   | 45                                  |
| 4.    | Dadra & Nagar Haveli Diu | 5.      | Silvassa        | -                                   | 33                                  |
| 5.    | Daman &                  | 6.      | Daman           | -                                   | 32                                  |
| 6.    | Delhi                    | 7.      | Delhi           | 81                                  | 106                                 |
| 7.    |                          | 8.      | Amona           | 22                                  | 22                                  |
| 7.    |                          | 9.      | Assanora        | 18                                  | 17                                  |
| 7.    |                          | 10. 11. | Bicholim Codli  | 18 18                               | 20 21                               |
| 7.    |                          | 12.     | Cuncolim        | 26                                  | 45                                  |
| 7.    |                          |         |                 | 18                                  | 28                                  |
| 7.    |                          | 13. 14. | Curchorem Honda | 16                                  | 27                                  |
| 7.    | Goa                      | 15.     | Kundaim         | 23                                  | 18                                  |
| 7.    |                          | 16.     | Mapusa          | 28                                  | -                                   |
| 7.    |                          | 17.     | Margao          | 20                                  | 19                                  |
| 7.    |                          | 18.     | Panaji          | -                                   | 47                                  |
| 7.    |                          | 20.     |                 | 18                                  | 29                                  |
| 7.    |                          |         | Sanguem         |                                     |                                     |
| 7.    |                          | 21.     | Tilamol Tuem    | 20 -                                | 32 18                               |
| 7.    |                          | 22. 23. | Usgao           | 19                                  | 24                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 24.     | Ahmedabad       | 29                                  | 38                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 25.     | Anklesvar       | 30                                  | 35                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 26.     | Jamnagar        | 32                                  | 36                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 27.     | Rajkot          | 30                                  | 37                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 28.     | Surat           | 31                                  | 36                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 29.     | Vadodara        | 32                                  | 36                                  |
| 8.    | Gujarat                  | 30.     | Vapi            | 31                                  | 36                                  |
| 9.    | Himachal Pradesh         | 31.     | Manali          | -                                   | 23                                  |
| 9.    | Himachal Pradesh         | 32.     | Parwanoo        | -                                   | 20                                  |
| 9.    | Himachal Pradesh         | 33.     | Sunder Nagar    | -                                   | 41                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 34.     | Bagalkote       | -                                   | 37                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 35.     | Bangalore       | -                                   | 46                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 36.     | Belgaum         | -                                   | 53                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 37.     | Bijapur         | -                                   | 39                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 38.     | Chitradurga     | -                                   | 20                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 39.     | Devanagere      | -                                   | 22                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 40.     | Hassan          | -                                   | 29                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 41.     | Hubli-Dharwad   | -                                   | 35                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 42.     | Karwar          | -                                   | 28                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 43.     | Kolar           | -                                   | 42                                  |
| 10.   | Karnataka                | 44.     | Mandya          | -                                   | 25                                  |

| Sl.   | State / UT    | Sl.   | City          | Annual average ofPM 2.5 in µg/m 3   |   Annual average ofPM 2.5 in µg/m 3 |
|-------|---------------|-------|---------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| No.   |               | No    |               | 2014                                |                                2017 |
|       |               | 45.   | Mangalore     | -                                   |                                  50 |
|       |               | 46.   | Mysore        | -                                   |                                  27 |
|       |               | 47.   | Raichur       | -                                   |                                  39 |
|       |               | 48.   | Shimaga       | -                                   |                                  17 |
|       |               | 49.   | Timukuru      | -                                   |                                  58 |
| 11.   |               | 50.   | Amlai         | -                                   |                                  30 |
|       |               | 51.   | Bhopal        | 63                                  |                                  41 |
|       |               | 52.   | Chhindwara    | -                                   |                                  41 |
|       |               | 53.   | Gwalior       | -                                   |                                  47 |
|       |               | 54.   | Indore        | -                                   |                                  43 |
|       | Madhya        | 55.   | Jabalpur      | -                                   |                                  23 |
|       | Pradesh       | 56.   | Katni         | -                                   |                                  41 |
|       |               | 57.   | Nagda         | -                                   |                                  33 |
|       |               | 58.   | Prithampur    | -                                   |                                  44 |
|       |               | 59.   | Sagar         | -                                   |                                  25 |
|       |               | 60.   | Satna         | -                                   |                                  31 |
|       |               | 61.   | Singrauli     | -                                   |                                  50 |
|       |               | 62.   | Ujjain        | -                                   |                                  37 |
| 12.   | Maharashtra   | 63.   | Mumbai        | -                                   |                                  40 |
| 13.   |               | 64.   | Angul         | -                                   |                                  45 |
|       |               | 65.   | Balasore      | -                                   |                                  45 |
|       |               | 66.   | Berhampur     | -                                   |                                  35 |
|       |               | 67.   | Bhubneshwar   | 36                                  |                                  36 |
|       |               | 68.   | Cuttack       | 50                                  |                                  43 |
|       |               | 69.   | Jharsuguda    | -                                   |                                  47 |
|       |               | 70.   | Kalinga Nagar | -                                   |                                  57 |
|       | Odisha        | 71.   | Konark        | -                                   |                                  36 |
|       |               | 72.   | Paradeep      | 35                                  |                                  40 |
|       |               | 73.   | Puri          | 36                                  |                                  25 |
|       |               | 74.   | Rayagada      | -                                   |                                  34 |
|       |               | 75.   | Rourkela      | -                                   |                                  42 |
|       |               | 76.   | Sambalpur     | -                                   |                                  46 |
|       |               | 77.   | Talcher       | -                                   |                                  45 |
| 14.   |               | 78.   | Chennai       | -                                   |                                  32 |
|       | Tamilnadu     | 79.   | Coimbatore    | -                                   |                                  34 |
|       |               | 80.   | Madurai       | -                                   |                                  30 |
| 15.   |               | 81.   | Adilabad      | -                                   |                                  31 |
|       |               | 82.   | Hyderabad     | -                                   |                                  54 |
|       |               | 83.   | Khammam       | -                                   |                                  27 |
|       | Telangana     | 84.   | Nalgonda      | -                                   |                                  36 |
|       |               | 85.   | Nizamabad     | -                                   |                                  29 |
|       |               | 86.   | Patencheru    | -                                   |                                  31 |
|       |               | 87.   | Sangareddy    | 44                                  |                                  37 |
| 16.   | Tripura       | 88.   | Agartala      | -                                   |                                  40 |
| 17.   | Uttar Pradesh | 89.   | Agra          | -                                   |                                 124 |
|       |               | 90.   | Lucknow       | -                                   |                                 102 |
| 18.   |               | 91.   | Asansol       | -                                   |                                  67 |
|       | West Bengal   | 92.   | Barrackpore   | -                                   |                                  44 |
|       |               | 93.   | Darjeeling    | -                                   |                                  21 |
|       |               | 94.   | Durgapur      | -                                   |                                  69 |

| Sl. No.   | State / UT   | Sl.   | City     | Annual average ofPM 2.5 in µg/m 3   |   Annual average ofPM 2.5 in µg/m 3 |
|-----------|--------------|-------|----------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
|           |              | No    |          | 2014                                |                                2017 |
|           |              | 95.   | Haldia   | -                                   |                                  35 |
|           |              | 96.   | Howrah   | -                                   |                                  64 |
|           |              | 97.   | Kalyani  | -                                   |                                  46 |
|           |              | 98.   | Kolkata  | -                                   |                                  71 |
|           |              | 99.   | Siliguri | -                                   |                                  24 |

NB.  '-'  Data  not  available,  Alwar  in  Rajasthan  (Aravali  Hills),  Agra,  Firozabad,  Mathura  in Uttar Pradesh  (Taj-Trapezium), Dehradun  in  Uttarakhand  (Doon  valley) are cities in Ecologically sensitive area. The rest of cities fall under Residential  / industrial / rural / other areas, NAAQS (annual): PM2.5=40 µg/m 3 ,  (Residential    /  industrial  /  rural  /  other  areas  and Ecologically sensitive area)