Lok Sabha Question No. 4407 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-23
Subject: Schemes to Reduce Agricultural Costs
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Girish Bhalchandra Bapat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4407

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 rd  MARCH, 2021

## SCHEMES TO REDUCE AGRICULTURAL COSTS

## 4407. SHRI GIRISH BHALCHANDRA BAPAT

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ िष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to State:

- (a)  the  names  of  schemes  being  implemented  by  the  Government  to  reduce  the agricultural cost along with the details thereof;
- (b) the amount of budget allocated for the said schemes and the amount spent thereon during the last five years;
- (c)  the  number  of  farmers  who  have  benefited  from  the  said  schemes  along  with  the details thereof;
- (d)    the  reduction  in  cost  of  agriculture  per  hectare  by  implementation  of  the  schemes and the amount of increase in the income of farmers, the details thereof for the last five years; and
- (e) whether the Government proposes to reduce the rate of GST on necessary resources for agriculture, if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ िष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a) & (b): Agriculture  is  a  State  Subject.  Government  of  India  facilitates  the  State Governments to reduce agricultural cost through many Centrally Sponsored and Central Sector  Schemes  like  Sub-Mission  on  Seeds  and  Planting  Material  (SMSP),  National Project  on  Management  of  Soil  Health  and  Fertility,  Pradhan  Mantri  Krishi  Sinchayee Yojana-  Per  Drop  More  Crop  (PMKSY-PDMC),  Paramparagat  Krishi  Vikas  Yojana (PKVY),  Sub  Mission  on  Agricultural  Mechanization  (SMSP)  etc.  A  statement  on  the amount allocated and spent thereon during the last five years is given as Annexure-I.
- (c) : Details of farmers benefited under Centrally Sponsored schemes are maintained mainly by State Governments. Number of farmers benefited under some of the schemes aimed at reducing agricultural costs are given in Annexure-II.
- (d): While a comprehensive study regarding these issues is not available, summary of evaluation carried out in respect of some schemes is given in Annexure-III.
- (e): GST rates  on  most  of  the  raw  agricultural  items  are  at  0%  (zero  per  cent)  and processed agriculture items (secondary or tertiary) are 5%. Apart from this, most of the agricultural  activities  and  services  are  also  exempted  from  imposition  of  GST.  For agricultural inputs, Department of Revenue has been requested to reduce the rates from time to time.

Annexure-I

| Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   | Budget Estimates 2015-2016 to 2017- 2018 (Plan+Non- Plan) (Net of recoveries) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &Farmers Welfare   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S. No.                                                                                                                                  | Name of Mission/Scheme                                                                                                                  | 2015-16                                                                                                                                 | 2015-16                                                                                                                                 | 2016-17                                                                                                                                 | 2016-17                                                                                                                                 | 2017-18                                                                                                                                 | 2017-18                                                                                                                                 | 2018-19                                                                                                                                 | 2018-19                                                                                                                                 | 2019-20                                                                                                                                 | 2019-20                                                                                                                                 | 2020-21                                                                                                                                 | 2020-21                                                                                                                                 |
| S. No.                                                                                                                                  | Name of Mission/Scheme                                                                                                                  | BE                                                                                                                                      | Actual                                                                                                                                  | BE                                                                                                                                      | Actual                                                                                                                                  | BE                                                                                                                                      | Actual                                                                                                                                  | BE                                                                                                                                      | Actual                                                                                                                                  | BE                                                                                                                                      | Actual                                                                                                                                  | BE                                                                                                                                      | Actual (upto February)                                                                                                                  |
| 1                                                                                                                                       | Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna - Per Drop More Crop PMKSY                                                                          | 1850.00                                                                                                                                 | 1555.94                                                                                                                                 | 2340.00                                                                                                                                 | 1991.25                                                                                                                                 | 3400.00                                                                                                                                 | 2819.24                                                                                                                                 | 4000.00                                                                                                                                 | 2918.37                                                                                                                                 | 3500.00                                                                                                                                 | 2700.04                                                                                                                                 | 4000.00                                                                                                                                 | 1507.99                                                                                                                                 |
| 2                                                                                                                                       | National Project on Soil Health &Fertility                                                                                              | 200.00                                                                                                                                  | 139.96                                                                                                                                  | 368.30                                                                                                                                  | 234.88                                                                                                                                  | 458.76                                                                                                                                  | 201.10                                                                                                                                  | 407.84                                                                                                                                  | 320.20                                                                                                                                  | 333.95                                                                                                                                  | 164.97                                                                                                                                  | 324.43                                                                                                                                  | 164.60                                                                                                                                  |
| 3                                                                                                                                       | Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojna                                                                                                         | 300.00                                                                                                                                  | 218.91                                                                                                                                  | 297.00                                                                                                                                  | 152.89                                                                                                                                  | 350.00                                                                                                                                  | 203.46                                                                                                                                  | 360.00                                                                                                                                  | 328.69                                                                                                                                  | 325.00                                                                                                                                  | 283.67                                                                                                                                  | 500.00                                                                                                                                  | 181.78                                                                                                                                  |
| 4                                                                                                                                       | Sub-Mission on Seeds& Planting Material                                                                                                 | 179.00                                                                                                                                  | 145.39                                                                                                                                  | 186.10                                                                                                                                  | 170.10                                                                                                                                  | 206.06                                                                                                                                  | 428.87                                                                                                                                  | 340.60                                                                                                                                  | 338.39                                                                                                                                  | 387.73                                                                                                                                  | 291.19                                                                                                                                  | 389.04                                                                                                                                  | 176.93                                                                                                                                  |
| 5                                                                                                                                       | Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization                                                                                               | 197.21                                                                                                                                  | 167.70                                                                                                                                  | 208.62                                                                                                                                  | 391.38                                                                                                                                  | 577.58                                                                                                                                  | 789.69                                                                                                                                  | 1200.00                                                                                                                                 | 1127.78                                                                                                                                 | 1033.34                                                                                                                                 | 992.18                                                                                                                                  | 1033.09                                                                                                                                 | 954.84                                                                                                                                  |
| 6                                                                                                                                       | National Food Security Mission                                                                                                          | 1305.77                                                                                                                                 | 1166.88                                                                                                                                 | 1705.86                                                                                                                                 | 1292.20                                                                                                                                 | 1727.26                                                                                                                                 | 1384.24                                                                                                                                 | 1700.00                                                                                                                                 | 1614.69                                                                                                                                 | 2014.83                                                                                                                                 | 1779.88                                                                                                                                 | 2113.79                                                                                                                                 | 1452.32                                                                                                                                 |

Details of number of farmers benefitted- Scheme wise.

1. Seed Village Programme under Sub Mission on Seeds and planting Materials (SMSP)
2. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
3. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)- Per Drop More Crop

|   Sl. No. | Year    |   No. of farmers benefited (in lakh) |
|-----------|---------|--------------------------------------|
|         1 | 2015-16 |                               21.291 |
|         2 | 2016-17 |                               18.134 |
|         3 | 2017-18 |                               26.858 |
|         4 | 2018-19 |                               34.152 |
|         5 | 2019-20 |                               31.9   |

| S. No.   | Name of the State   | Phase-I        | Phase-I      | Phase-I             | Phase-II       | Phase-II     | Phase-II            |
|----------|---------------------|----------------|--------------|---------------------|----------------|--------------|---------------------|
| S. No.   | Name of the State   | No of clusters | Area (in ha) | No of beneficiaries | No of clusters | Area (in ha) | No of beneficiaries |
| 1        | Andhra Pradesh      | 1300           | 26000.00     | 65000               | 4000           | 80000.00     | 200000              |
| 2        | Bihar               | 427            | 8540.00      | 21350               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 3        | Chhattisgarh        | 200            | 4000.00      | 10000               | 1000           | 20000.00     | 50000               |
| 4        | Gujarat             | 100            | 2000.00      | 5000                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 5        | Goa                 | 4              | 80.00        | 200                 | 500            | 10000.00     | 25000               |
| 6        | Haryana             | 20             | 400.00       | 1000                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 7        | Jharkhand           | 250            | 5000.00      | 12500               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 8        | Karnataka           | 545            | 10900.00     | 27250               | 500            | 10000.00     | 25000               |
| 9        | Kerala              | 619            | 12380.00     | 30950               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 10       | Madhya Pradesh      | 1380           | 27600.00     | 69000               | 2448           | 48960.00     | 122400              |
| 11       | Maharashtra         | 1258           | 25160.00     | 62900               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 12       | Odisha              | 320            | 6400.00      | 16000               | 720            | 14400.00     | 36000               |
| 13       | Punjab              | 250            | 5000.00      | 12500               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 14       | Rajasthan           | 1150           | 23000.00     | 57500               | 5000           | 100000.00    | 250000              |
| 15       | Tamil Nadu          | 112            | 2240.00      | 5600                | 200            | 4000.00      | 10000               |
| 16       | Telangana           | 690            | 13800.00     | 34500               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 17       | Uttar Pradesh       | 620            | 12400.00     | 31000               | 500            | 10000.00     | 25000               |
| 18       | West Bengal         | 120            | 2400.00      | 6000                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 19       | Assam               | 220            | 4400.00      | 11000               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 20       | Arunachal Pradesh   | 19             | 380.00       | 950                 | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 21       | Mizoram             | 34             | 680.00       | 1700                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 22       | Manipur             | 30             | 600.00       | 1500                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 23       | Nagaland            | 24             | 480.00       | 1200                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 24       | Sikkim              | 150            | 3000.00      | 7500                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 25       | Tripura             | 50             | 1000.00      | 2500                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 26       | Meghalaya           | 45             | 900.00       | 2250                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 27       | Himachal Pradesh    | 210            | 4200.00      | 10500               | 75             | 1500.00      | 3750                |
| 28       | Jammu &Kashmir      | 28             | 560.00       | 1400                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 29       | Uttarakhand         | 585            | 11700.00     | 29250               | 3900           | 78000.00     | 195000              |
| 30       | Andman & Nicobar    | 68             | 1360.00      | 3400                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 31       | Daman & Diu         | 55             | 1100.00      | 2750                | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 32       | Dadar Nagar         | 500            | 10000.00     | 25000               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 33       | Delhi               | 500            | 10000.00     | 25000               | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 34       | Puducherry          | 8              | 160.00       | 400                 | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   |
| 35       | Chandigarh          | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   | 65             | 1300.00      | 3250                |
| 36       | Lakshadeep          | 0              | 0.00         | 0                   | 135            | 2700.00      | 6750                |
|          | Total               | 11891          | 237820.00    | 594550              | 19043          | 380860.00    | 952150              |

| Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   | Details of No. of Farmers benefitted under PMKSY- PDMC from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Till Date)   |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S.No                                                                                         | State                                                                                        | 2015-16                                                                                      | 2016-17                                                                                      | 2017-18                                                                                      | 2018-19                                                                                      | 2019-20                                                                                      | 2020-21 (Till Date)                                                                          |
| 1                                                                                            | Andhra Pradesh                                                                               | 93622                                                                                        | 127174                                                                                       | 163824                                                                                       | 171536                                                                                       | 103453                                                                                       | 0                                                                                            |
| 2                                                                                            | Bihar                                                                                        | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | 3986                                                                                         | 802                                                                                          | 1589                                                                                         | 1023                                                                                         |
| 3                                                                                            | Chhattisgarh                                                                                 | 7921                                                                                         | 20401                                                                                        | 14071                                                                                        | 21423                                                                                        | 31361                                                                                        | 8189                                                                                         |
| 4                                                                                            | Goa                                                                                          | -                                                                                            | 130                                                                                          | 247                                                                                          | 174                                                                                          | 93                                                                                           | -                                                                                            |
| 5                                                                                            | Gujarat                                                                                      | 127785                                                                                       | 118293                                                                                       | 84365                                                                                        | 84399                                                                                        | 76425                                                                                        | 56855                                                                                        |
| 6                                                                                            | Haryana                                                                                      | 1764                                                                                         | 919                                                                                          | 2945                                                                                         | 2810                                                                                         | 4261                                                                                         | 4179                                                                                         |
| 7                                                                                            | Himachal Pradesh                                                                             | 7682                                                                                         | 2103                                                                                         | 2900                                                                                         | 1042                                                                                         | 6131                                                                                         | 4117                                                                                         |
| 8                                                                                            | Jharkhand                                                                                    | 6367                                                                                         | 3271                                                                                         | 1521                                                                                         | 6934                                                                                         | 10782                                                                                        | 252                                                                                          |
| 9                                                                                            | Jammu & Kashmir                                                                              | -                                                                                            | 1769                                                                                         | 962                                                                                          | 1933                                                                                         | 1383                                                                                         | 1644                                                                                         |
| 10                                                                                           | Karnataka                                                                                    | 112861                                                                                       | 165795                                                                                       | 212182                                                                                       | 227382                                                                                       | 248937                                                                                       | 158071                                                                                       |
| 11                                                                                           | Kerala                                                                                       | 852                                                                                          | 758                                                                                          | 556                                                                                          | 1803                                                                                         | 450                                                                                          | -                                                                                            |
| 12                                                                                           | Madhya Pradesh                                                                               | 42379                                                                                        | 51462                                                                                        | 39581                                                                                        | 44566                                                                                        | 29195                                                                                        | 1588                                                                                         |
| 13                                                                                           | Maharashtra                                                                                  | 47241                                                                                        | 125010                                                                                       | 217298                                                                                       | 175084                                                                                       | 172767                                                                                       | -                                                                                            |
| 14                                                                                           | Odisha                                                                                       | 3312                                                                                         | 5124                                                                                         | 2778                                                                                         | 9349                                                                                         | 10701                                                                                        | 4180                                                                                         |
| 15                                                                                           | Punjab                                                                                       | 1452                                                                                         | 1486                                                                                         | 379                                                                                          | 337                                                                                          | 511                                                                                          | 318                                                                                          |
| 16                                                                                           | Rajasthan                                                                                    | 29228                                                                                        | 32768                                                                                        | 32385                                                                                        | 37850                                                                                        | 39146                                                                                        | 28916                                                                                        |
| 17                                                                                           | Tamil Nadu                                                                                   | 31614                                                                                        | 60700                                                                                        | 3589                                                                                         | 156065                                                                                       | 190025                                                                                       | 178166                                                                                       |
| 18                                                                                           | Telangana                                                                                    | 39545                                                                                        | 55118                                                                                        | 83461                                                                                        | 37596                                                                                        | 3831                                                                                         | 1521                                                                                         |
| 19                                                                                           | Uttarakhand                                                                                  | 1484                                                                                         | 5043                                                                                         | 2784                                                                                         | 7482                                                                                         | 7736                                                                                         | 1825                                                                                         |
| 20                                                                                           | Uttar Pradesh                                                                                | 1486                                                                                         | 9449                                                                                         | 20044                                                                                        | 38393                                                                                        | 41936                                                                                        | 14996                                                                                        |
| 21                                                                                           | West Bengal                                                                                  | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | 7388                                                                                         | 18340                                                                                        | 9518                                                                                         |
| 22                                                                                           | Arunachal Pradesh                                                                            | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | 43                                                                                           | 662                                                                                          | 1475                                                                                         | 145                                                                                          |
| 23                                                                                           | Assam                                                                                        | 0                                                                                            | 208                                                                                          | 744                                                                                          | 379                                                                                          | 10949                                                                                        | 485                                                                                          |
| 24                                                                                           | Manipur                                                                                      | 256                                                                                          | 250                                                                                          | 361                                                                                          | 2562                                                                                         | 2700                                                                                         | 2840                                                                                         |
| 25                                                                                           | Meghalaya                                                                                    | 0                                                                                            | 0                                                                                            | 245                                                                                          | 107                                                                                          | 873                                                                                          | -                                                                                            |
| 26                                                                                           | Mizoram                                                                                      | 276                                                                                          | 1056                                                                                         | 1274                                                                                         | 1165                                                                                         | 1371                                                                                         | 519                                                                                          |
| 27                                                                                           | Nagaland                                                                                     | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | 144                                                                                          | 4655                                                                                         | 4550                                                                                         | 6500                                                                                         |
| 28                                                                                           | Sikkim                                                                                       | 1932                                                                                         | 1658                                                                                         | -                                                                                            | 6021                                                                                         | 4191                                                                                         | -                                                                                            |
| 29                                                                                           | Tripura                                                                                      | 8665                                                                                         | -                                                                                            | 1039                                                                                         | 2706                                                                                         | 3008                                                                                         | -                                                                                            |
| 30                                                                                           | A&N Islands                                                                                  | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            | -                                                                                            |
| Grand Total                                                                                  | Grand Total                                                                                  | 559059                                                                                       | 789945                                                                                       | 892669                                                                                       | 1049899                                                                                      | 1025162                                                                                      | 485847                                                                                       |

## 4. Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)

| Parameter                                         | Year    | Year    | Year    | Year    | Year    | Year    | Year    |
|---------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
|                                                   | 2014-15 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | 2019-20 | 2020-21 |
| Nos of Demonstration conducted                    | 3249    | 11704   | 331     | 19330   | 1350    | 10750   | 8200    |
| Nos of Trainees Trained                           | 13406   | 15160   | 9423    | 9689    | 11260   | 10065   | 9072    |
| Nos of Agril Machinery distributed                | 69021   | 87545   | 151164  | 267451  | 384991  | 201769  | 120086  |
| Nos of Custom Hiring Centre Established           | 663     | 268     | 1458    | 1851    | 3871    | 2155    | 3924    |
| Nos of High Tech Hubs establishes                 | 14      | 13      | 13      | 49      | 106     | 60      | 55      |
| Farm Machinery Banks established at village level | 436     | 218     | 1877    | 1852    | 1481    | 1964    | 5427    |

## i. National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility

As  per  feedback  received  from  farmers  from  21  states  covering  171  districts,  it emerged that application of fertilizers as per the recommendation of Soil Health Cards led to  savings  in  nitrogen  fertilizers  like  urea  thereby  resulting  in  reduction  in  cost  of cultivation.

-  Rice.- the cost of cultivation is reduced by 16-25% and savings of nitrogen are found to be around 20 Kg per hectare.
-  Pulses - 10-15% reduction in cost of cultivation and savings of 10 Kg per hectare of urea is observed.
-  Oil  Seeds  -  reduction  in  cost  of  cultivation  is  10-15%  and  savings  on  Nitrogen  are  9 Kg/acre in sunflower, around 23 kg/acre in ground nut and around 30 kg/acre in castor.
-  Cash crops - in case of cotton,  reduction  in  cost  of  cultivation  is  25%  and  savings  on nitrogen fertilizer is around 35 kg/acre.
- 
- Horticulture crops- In potato, 46 kg/acre of nitrogen saving is observed.

Judicious use of fertilizers also resulted in increased production of crops.

-  Cereals-increase in production of 10-20% in paddy, 10-15% in wheat and Jowar.
-  Pulses-Increase in production of 10-30% in pulses.
-  Oilseeds- Increase in production of around 40% in oilseeds
- 
- Cotton- Increase in production of around 10-20% in cotton Savings on fertilizers and increase in production also resulted in increased income

## to farmers :

-  Paddy: Increase in income of around Rs. 4500/ per acre
-  Tur: Increase in income of Rs. 25000-30,000/- per acre
-  Sunflower: Increase in income of around Rs. 25000/- per acre
-  Groundnut: Increase in income of around Rs. 10000/- per acre
-  Cotton: Increase in income of around Rs. 12000/- per acre
-  Potato: Increase in income of around Rs. 3000/- per acre.

## ii. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)- Per Drop More Crop

NITI Aayog conducted evaluation study on PMKSY-Per Drop More Crop scheme in 2020. The major findings of the study are as under:

-  The  scheme  is  relevant  in  achieving  national  priorities  such as  substantially improving on-farm water use efficiency, enhancing crop productivity, generating       employment opportunities etc.
-  Micro irrigation adoption has helped to save water. Saving of water across various states  are  around  30  to  50%  in  Andhra  Pradesh,  50%  in  Karnataka,  30%  in Tamil          Nadu,  70%  in  Jharkhand,  40  to  50%  in  Uttar  Pradesh,  50%  in Punjab,  40% in Bihar.
-  Water use efficiency has improved around 30% to 70%.
-  Created direct and indirect employment opportunities.
-  Income of farmers has increased in the range of 10% to 69%.

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