Lok Sabha Question No. 4384 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-03-20
Subject: Air Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Deepak (Dev) Adhikari, Andimuthu Raja, Gurjeet Singh Aujla, Mitesh Rameshbhai (Bakabhai) Patel

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 4384

TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.03.2020

## Air Pollution

## 4384.   SHRI ADHIKARI DEEPAK (DEV):

SHRI A. RAJA:

SHRI GURJEET SINGH AUJLA:

SHRI MITESH RAMESHBHAI PATEL (BAKABHAI):

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  according  to  the  recent  World  Air  Quality  Report,  Delhi  remains  world's most polluted capital and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether according to the report out of the world's top 30 most polluted cities during the year 2019, 21 cities are located in India;
- (c) if so, the details thereof indicating the names of the most polluted cities in the country along with the ranking/position in the list of the polluted cities of the world;
- (d) the existing level of pollution including the Particulate Matter (PM) present in air in various cities of the country at present along with the limit set for controlling PM in air; and
- (e) the steps taken by the Government to check the increasing level of pollution and PM level in the cities?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BABUL SUPRIYO )

(a)  to  (c)  :  Delhi  and  cities  in  Indo  Gangetic  Plains  face  the  problem  of  poor  air  quality particularly during winter months due to local and regional emissions coupled with its unique geography and adverse meteorological conditions. Central Government has taken a number of measures for abating air pollution as a result of which there is an overall improvement in air  quality  of  Delhi  in  2019.  As  per  Continuous  Ambient  Air  Quality  Monitoring  Stations (CAAQMS) data, the number of 'Good', 'Satisfactory', and 'Moderate' days has increased to 182 in 2019 as compared to 159 in 2018, 152 in 2017 and 108 in 2016.  Delhi has witnessed a reduction of PM 2.5 and PM10 levels by 19.3% and 25.1% respectively over a period from 2016 to 2019.

Further, the government is aware that several private institutions, Non-Governmental Organization and universities are ranking cities for their pollution levels adopting different methodologies,  data  set  and  weightages  to  various  parameters.    There  is  however,  no established mechanism for ranking the cities in terms of pollution as it requires authentic data and  a  proper  peer  review.  The  data  used  for  ranking  is  extracted  mainly  from  satellite imageries and other secondary data which is not validated by proper ground truthing.

(d)        Under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP), three pollutants viz. PM10  (Particulate  Matter  having  an  aerodynamic  diameter  less  than  or  equal  to  10  µm), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are monitored regularly at 793 locations covering 344 cities/towns in 28 States and 6 Union Territories across the country. Under the NAMP,  PM2.5  (Particulate  Matter  having  an  aerodynamic  diameter  less  than  or  equal  to 2.5µm) is being monitored at 274 locations covering 132 cities. The ambient air quality status of 2018 including particulate matter is given at Annexure - I .

As per the  revised  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards  (NAAQS)  the  national standard  for  PM10is  60  µg/m 3 (annual  average)  and  100  µg/m 3 (24-hourly  average)  in  both residential/industrial/rural  and ecologically sensitive area. The National Standard for PM2.5 is 40 µg/m 3 (annual average) and 60 µg/m 3 (24-hourly average) in both residential/industrial/rural  and ecologically sensitive area.

(e) Central  Government  has  taken  a  number  of  regulatory  measures  for  prevention, control  and  abatement  of  air  pollution.  A Comprehensive Air Plan (CAP) for  Delhi  and NCR has been developed  identifying  the  timelines  and  implementing  agencies  for  actions delineated. The Central Government has notified a Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for Delhi and NCR for different levels of pollution. The nature, scope and rigor of measures to be taken are linked to levels of pollution viz. severe + or emergency, severe, very poor, moderate to poor and moderate, after due consideration by authorities concerned. The details of measures taken by the Government are given at Annexure-II.

Also,  Ministry  of  Environment,  Forest  and  Climate  Change  has  launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in January 2019 to tackle the problem of air pollution in a comprehensive  manner with  targets  to  achieve  20  to  30  %  reduction  in  PM10  and  PM2.5 concentrations  by  2024  keeping 2017 as base  year.  The plan includes  102 non-attainment cities,  across 23 States and Union Territories, on the basis of their ambient air quality data between 2011 and 2015 which includes Delhi, Ghaziabad and Noida of Delhi NCR.

***

## Annexure - I

## Ambient air quality in cities of the country with respect to SO2, NO2, PM10 during 2018 under NAMP

| Sl.   | State &UTs               | Sl.     | City / town / village         | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   |
|-------|--------------------------|---------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| No.   |                          | No.     |                               | SO 2                                     | NO 2                                     | PM 10                                    |
|       |                          | 1.      | Anantapur                     | 4                                        | 19                                       | 71                                       |
|       |                          | 2.      | Chitoor                       | 5                                        | 24                                       | 62                                       |
|       |                          | 3.      | Eluru                         | 5                                        | 22                                       | 67                                       |
|       |                          | 4.      | Guntur                        | 5                                        | 22                                       | 49                                       |
|       |                          | 5.      | Kadapa                        | 5                                        | 17                                       | 61                                       |
|       |                          | 6.      | Kakinada                      | 9                                        | 20                                       | 77                                       |
|       |                          | 7.      | Kurnool                       | 4                                        | 18                                       | 66                                       |
| 1.    | Andhra Pradesh           | 8.      | Nellore                       | 5                                        | 22                                       | 63                                       |
|       |                          | 9.      | Ongole                        | 5                                        | 21                                       | 66                                       |
|       |                          | 10.     | Rajahmundry                   | 9                                        | 20                                       | 94                                       |
|       |                          | 11.     | Srikakulam                    | 9                                        | 20                                       | 71                                       |
|       |                          | 12.     | Tirupati                      | 5                                        | 16                                       | 58                                       |
|       |                          | 13.     | Vijaywada                     | 5                                        | 21                                       | 77                                       |
|       |                          | 14.     | Vishakhapatnam                | 10                                       | 20                                       | 77                                       |
|       |                          | 15.     | Vizianagaram                  | 10                                       | 21                                       | 65                                       |
| 2.    | Arunachal Pradesh        | 16.     | Itnagar                       | 3                                        | 11                                       | 116                                      |
|       |                          | 17. 18. | Naharlagun                    | 3 5                                      | 5                                        | 88 55                                    |
|       |                          | 19.     | Bongaigaon Daranga            | 7                                        | 14 15                                    | 71                                       |
|       |                          | 20.     | Dibrugarh                     | 6                                        | 12                                       | 54                                       |
|       |                          | 21.     | Golaghat                      | 6                                        |                                          | 56                                       |
|       |                          | 22.     | Guwahati                      | 8                                        | 12 18                                    | 112                                      |
|       | Assam                    | 23.     | Margherita                    | 6                                        | 12                                       | 54                                       |
| 3.    |                          | 24.     | Nagaon                        | 7                                        | 17                                       | 96                                       |
|       |                          | 25.     | Nalbari                       | 7                                        | 17                                       | 97 61                                    |
|       |                          | 26.     | North Lakhimpur               | 8                                        | 18                                       |                                          |
|       |                          | 27. 28. | Silchar                       | 6 7                                      | 11                                       | 49 72                                    |
|       |                          | 29.     | Sivasagar Tezpur              | 8                                        | 14 17                                    | 115                                      |
|       |                          | 30.     | Tinsukia                      | 6                                        | 13                                       | 56                                       |
|       |                          | 31.     | Begusarai                     | 12                                       | 21                                       | 108                                      |
|       |                          | 32.     | Darbhanga                     | 16                                       | 24                                       | 118                                      |
|       |                          | 33.     | Gaya                          | 12                                       | 21                                       | 89                                       |
| 4.    | Bihar                    | 34.     | Muzaffarpur                   | 14                                       | 24                                       | 139                                      |
|       |                          | 35.     | Patna                         | 5                                        | 51                                       | 207                                      |
|       |                          | 36.     | Rajgir                        | 12                                       | 22                                       | 88                                       |
|       |                          | 37.     | Sasaram                       | 12                                       | 21                                       | 88                                       |
| 5.    | Chandigarh (UT)          | 38.     | Chandigarh                    | 2                                        | 17                                       | 102                                      |
|       |                          | 39.     | Bilaspur                      | 6                                        | 12                                       | 42                                       |
|       |                          | 40.     | Durg-Bhillainagar             | 8                                        | 19                                       | 84                                       |
| 6.    | Chattisgarh              | 41.     | Korba                         | 10                                       | 19                                       | 59                                       |
|       |                          | 42.     | Raigarh                       |                                          |                                          | 62                                       |
|       |                          |         | Raipur                        | 14                                       | 20                                       | 65                                       |
|       |                          | 43. 44. | Baldevi (Dadra& Nagar Haveli) | 18                                       | 22                                       | 70                                       |
| 7.    | Dadra& Nagar Haveli (UT) | 45.     | Silvassa                      | 30                                       | 33                                       | 125                                      |
|       | Daman& Diu (UT)          | 46.     | Daman                         | 27                                       | 31                                       | 115                                      |
|       |                          | 47.     | Patlara (Daman)               | 18                                       | 22                                       | 74                                       |
| 8.    | Delhi (UT)               | 48.     | Delhi                         | 15*                                      | 44*                                      | 243*                                     |
|       |                          | 49.     | Amona                         | 8                                        | 12                                       | 62                                       |
|       |                          | 50.     | Assanora                      | 8                                        | 13                                       | 56                                       |
|       |                          | 51.     | Bicholim                      | 7                                        |                                          |                                          |
|       |                          |         |                               |                                          | 13                                       | 70                                       |
|       |                          | 52.     | Codli                         | 8                                        | 12                                       | 61                                       |
|       |                          | 53. 54. | Cuncolim Curchorem            | 11                                       | 15                                       | 77                                       |
| 9.    | Goa                      | 55.     | Honda                         | 9                                        | 13 13                                    | 57 62                                    |
|       |                          | 56.     | Kundaim                       | 8 8                                      | 14                                       | 69                                       |
|       |                          | 57.     | Mapusa                        | 4                                        | 7                                        | 73                                       |
|       |                          | 58.     | Margao                        | 7                                        | 13                                       | 57                                       |
|       |                          | 59.     | Mormugao                      | 5                                        | 11                                       | 101                                      |

| Sl. No.   | State &UTs       | Sl.       | City / town / village   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   |
|-----------|------------------|-----------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs       | No.       |                         | SO 2                                     | NO 2                                     | PM 10                                    |
|           |                  | 60.       | Panaji                  | 6                                        | 12                                       | 68                                       |
|           |                  | 61.       | Ponda                   | 8                                        | 13                                       | 93                                       |
|           |                  | 62.       | Sanguem                 | 9                                        | 13                                       | 61                                       |
|           |                  | 63.       | Tilamol Tuem            | 9 8                                      | 14 13                                    | 81 54                                    |
|           |                  | 64.       | Usgao                   | 7                                        | 13                                       | 59                                       |
|           |                  | 65. 66.   | Vasco                   | 5                                        | 11                                       | 83                                       |
|           |                  | 67.       | Ahmedabad               | 16                                       | 29                                       | 236                                      |
|           |                  | 68.       | Anklesvar               | 16                                       | 25                                       | 148                                      |
|           |                  | 69.       | Jamnagar                | 17                                       | 21                                       | 137                                      |
|           | Gujarat          | 70.       | Rajkot                  | 19                                       | 23                                       | 203                                      |
|           |                  | 71.       | Surat                   | 22                                       | 29                                       | 176                                      |
|           |                  | 72.       | Vadodara                | 20                                       | 25                                       | 188                                      |
|           |                  | 73.       | Vapi                    | 17                                       | 25                                       | 171                                      |
|           | Haryana          | 74.       | Hissar                  | 10                                       | 9                                        | 140                                      |
|           |                  | 75.       | Baddi                   | 2                                        | 31                                       | 164                                      |
|           |                  | 76.       | Damtal                  | 2                                        | 10                                       | 62                                       |
|           |                  | 77.       | Dharamshala             | 2                                        | 7                                        | 39                                       |
|           |                  | 78.       | Gulaba                  | 2                                        | 5                                        | 40                                       |
|           |                  | 79.       | Kala Amb                | 3                                        | 14                                       | 104                                      |
|           |                  | 80.       | Manali                  | 2                                        | 9                                        | 68                                       |
|           | Himachal Pradesh | 81.       | Marhi                   | 2                                        | 5                                        | 24                                       |
|           |                  | 82.       | Nalagarh                | 2                                        | 24                                       | 148                                      |
|           |                  | 83.       | Paonta Sahib            | 3                                        | 14                                       | 88                                       |
|           |                  | 84.       |                         | 2                                        |                                          | 63                                       |
|           |                  | 85.       | Parwanoo Shimla         | 4                                        | 5 26                                     | 60                                       |
|           |                  | 86.       | Sunder Nagar            | 2                                        | 10                                       | 84                                       |
|           |                  | 87.       | Una                     | 2                                        | 5                                        | 67                                       |
|           | Jammu& Kashmir   | 88. 89.   | Vashisht Jammu          | 2                                        | 5                                        | 44                                       |
|           |                  |           |                         | 4                                        | 19                                       | 165                                      |
|           | (UT)             | 90.       | Pulwama                 |                                          |                                          | 104                                      |
|           |                  | 91.       | Srinagar                | 16                                       | 23                                       | 153                                      |
|           |                  | 92. 93.   | Barajamda Dhanbad       | 14                                       | 37                                       | 75 264                                   |
|           | Jharkhand        | 94.       | Jamshedpur              | 37                                       | 46                                       | 128                                      |
|           |                  | 95.       | Jharia                  | 14                                       | 36                                       | 322                                      |
|           |                  | 96.       | Ranchi                  | 18                                       | 36                                       | 122                                      |
|           |                  | 97.       |                         | 36                                       | 45                                       | 128                                      |
|           |                  |           | Saraikela               |                                          |                                          |                                          |
|           |                  | 98.       | Sindri                  | 13                                       | 34                                       | 136                                      |
|           |                  | 99.       | Bagalkote Bangalore     | 2 2                                      | 13 30                                    | 65 90                                    |
|           |                  | 100. 101. | Belgaum                 | 2                                        | 15                                       | 89                                       |
|           |                  | 102.      | Bidar                   | 2                                        | 14                                       | 82                                       |
|           |                  | 103.      | Bijapur                 | 2                                        | 14                                       | 76                                       |
|           |                  | 104.      | Chitradurga             | 4                                        | 6                                        | 53                                       |
|           |                  | 105.      | Devanagere              | 4                                        | 6                                        | 44                                       |
|           | Karnataka        | 106.      | Gulburga                | 2                                        | 14                                       | 55                                       |
|           |                  | 107.      | Hassan                  | 4                                        | 19                                       | 33                                       |
|           |                  | 108.      | Hubli-Dharwad           | 5                                        | 23                                       | 75                                       |
|           |                  | 109.      | Kolar                   | 2                                        | 30                                       | 81                                       |
|           |                  | 110.      | Mandya                  | 2                                        | 12                                       | 44                                       |
|           |                  | 111.      | Mangalore               | 7                                        | 10                                       | 57                                       |
|           |                  | 112.      | Mysore                  | 3                                        | 15                                       | 53                                       |
|           |                  | 113.      | Raichur                 | 2                                        | 12                                       | 90                                       |
|           |                  | 114.      | Shimaga                 | 8                                        | 6                                        | 44                                       |
|           |                  | 115.      | Timukuru                | 2                                        | 32                                       | 87                                       |
|           |                  |           | Alappuzha               |                                          | 5                                        | 50                                       |
|           |                  | 116. 117. | Kochi                   | 2 3                                      | 16                                       | 57                                       |
|           |                  | 118.      | Kollam                  | 3                                        | 5                                        | 47                                       |
|           | Kerala           | 119. 120. | Kottayam Kozhikode      | 3                                        | 13 10                                    | 44 54                                    |
|           |                  |           |                         | 2                                        |                                          | 31                                       |
|           |                  | 121. 122. | Malapuram               | 2                                        | 26 9                                     | 44                                       |
|           |                  |           | Palakkad                | 2                                        | 15                                       |                                          |
|           |                  | 123. 124. | Pathanamthitta          | 2                                        |                                          | 31                                       |
|           |                  |           |                         | 9                                        |                                          |                                          |
|           |                  |           | Thiruvananthapuram      |                                          | 24                                       | 49                                       |

| Sl. No.   | State &UTs       | Sl.       | City / town / village   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   |
|-----------|------------------|-----------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs       | No.       |                         | SO 2                                     | NO 2                                     | PM 10                                    |
|           |                  | 125.      | Thissur                 | 3                                        | 9                                        | 41                                       |
|           |                  | 126.      | Wayanad                 | 2                                        | 5                                        | 34                                       |
| 17.       | Lakshwadeep (UT) | 127.      | Kavaratti               | -                                        | -                                        | 44                                       |
|           |                  | 128.      | Amlai                   | 15                                       | 20                                       | 91                                       |
|           |                  | 129.      | Bhopal                  | 7                                        | 14                                       | 135                                      |
|           |                  | 130.      | Chhindwara              | 3                                        | 14                                       | 83                                       |
|           |                  | 131.      | Dewas                   | 16                                       | 20                                       | 68                                       |
|           |                  | 132.      | Gwalior                 | 13                                       | 21                                       | 134                                      |
|           |                  | 133.      | Indore                  | 10                                       | 19                                       | 88                                       |
| 18.       | Madhya Pradesh   | 134.      | Jabalpur                | 7                                        | 17                                       | 119                                      |
|           |                  | 135.      | Katni                   | 12                                       | 28                                       | 90                                       |
|           |                  | 136.      | Nagda                   | 15                                       | 17                                       | 62                                       |
|           |                  | 137. 138. | Prithampur              | 11                                       | 21                                       | 90                                       |
|           |                  |           | Sagar                   | 3                                        | 14                                       | 75                                       |
|           |                  | 139.      | Satna                   | 3                                        | 8 31                                     | 105                                      |
|           |                  | 140. 141. | Singrauli Ujjain        | 23 13                                    | 15                                       | 112 83                                   |
|           |                  | 142.      | Akola                   | 12                                       | 12                                       | 73                                       |
|           |                  | 143.      | Ambernath               | 25                                       | 65                                       | 157                                      |
|           |                  | 144.      | Amravati                | 16                                       | 17                                       | 104                                      |
|           |                  | 145.      | Aurangabad              | 13                                       | 35                                       | 70                                       |
|           |                  | 146.      |                         | 24                                       | 67                                       | 144                                      |
|           |                  | 147.      | Badlapur                |                                          |                                          |                                          |
|           |                  | 148.      | Bhiwandi                | 31                                       | 42                                       | 69 149                                   |
|           |                  | 149.      | Chandrapur Dombivali    | 4 27                                     | 30 67                                    | 144                                      |
|           |                  | 150.      | Jalgaon                 | 13                                       | 34                                       | 74                                       |
|           |                  | 151.      | Jalna                   | 11                                       | 43                                       | 103                                      |
|           | Maharashtra      | 152.      | Kolhapur                | 20                                       | 35                                       | 90                                       |
| 19.       |                  | 153.      | Latur                   | 5                                        | 22                                       | 95                                       |
|           |                  | 154.      | Mumbai                  | 2                                        | 21                                       | 166                                      |
|           |                  | 155.      | Nagpur                  | 10                                       | 28                                       | 103                                      |
|           |                  | 156.      | Nashik                  | 12                                       | 21                                       | 85                                       |
|           |                  | 157.      | Navi Mumbai             | 19                                       | 47                                       | 71                                       |
|           |                  | 158.      | Pimpri-Chinchwad        | 39                                       | 66                                       | 86                                       |
|           |                  | 159.      | Pune                    | 37                                       | 75                                       | 106                                      |
|           |                  | 160.      | Sangli                  | 10                                       | 46                                       | 84                                       |
|           |                  | 161.      | Solapur                 | 15                                       | 33                                       | 71                                       |
|           |                  |           | Thane                   | 17                                       | 44                                       | 108                                      |
|           |                  | 162.      |                         |                                          |                                          |                                          |
| 20.       | Manipur          | 163. 164. | Ulhasnagar Imphal       | 22 10                                    | 58 15                                    | 122 70                                   |
|           |                  | 165. 166. | Byrnihat Dawki          | 26 3                                     | 12 12                                    | 166 23                                   |
|           |                  | 167.      | Khliehriat              | 3                                        | 9                                        | 43                                       |
| 21.       | Meghalaya        | 168.      | Nongstoin               | 2                                        | 9                                        | 31                                       |
|           |                  | 169.      | Shillong                | 3                                        | 12                                       | 38                                       |
|           |                  |           | Tura                    | 2                                        | 13                                       | 35                                       |
|           |                  | 170.      | Umiam / Umsning         | 3                                        | 12                                       | 102                                      |
|           |                  | 171.      | Aizawl                  | 2                                        | 8                                        | 50                                       |
|           | Mizoram          | 172. 173. | Champhai                | 2                                        | 5                                        | 27                                       |
| 22.       |                  | 174.      | Kolasib                 | 2                                        | 5                                        | 24                                       |
|           |                  | 175.      | Lunglei                 | 2                                        | 5                                        | 11                                       |
|           |                  |           |                         |                                          | 8                                        | 134                                      |
| 23.       | Nagaland         | 176. 177. | Dimapur Kohima          | 2 2                                      | 5                                        | 104                                      |
|           |                  | 178. 179. | Angul Balasore          | 9 4                                      | 25 11                                    | 101 86                                   |
|           |                  | 180. 181. | Berhampur Bhubneshwar   | 2 2                                      | 19 17                                    | 64 99                                    |
|           |                  | 182.      | Bonaigarh               | 8                                        | 12                                       |                                          |
|           |                  |           |                         |                                          |                                          | 99                                       |
|           | Odisha           | 183.      | Cuttack                 | 4                                        | 31                                       | 114                                      |
| 24.       |                  | 184.      | Jharsuguda              | 8                                        | 16                                       | 107                                      |
|           |                  | 185.      | Kalinga Nagar           | 2                                        | 11                                       | 118                                      |
|           |                  | 186.      | Konark                  | 2                                        | 12                                       | 79                                       |
|           |                  | 187.      | Paradeep                | 19                                       | 11                                       | 121                                      |
|           |                  | 188.      | Puri                    | 2                                        | 15                                       | 90                                       |
|           |                  | 189.      | Rajgangpur              | 17                                       |                                          |                                          |
|           |                  |           |                         |                                          | 20                                       | 146                                      |

| Sl. No.   | State &UTs      | Sl.       | City / town / village                      | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   |
|-----------|-----------------|-----------|--------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs      | No.       |                                            | SO 2                                     | NO 2                                     | PM 10                                    |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs      | 190.      | Rayagada                                   | 4                                        | 18                                       | 63                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs      | 191.      | Rourkela                                   | 8                                        | 14                                       | 108                                      |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs      | 192.      | Sambalpur                                  | 5                                        | 21                                       | 85                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs      | 193.      | Talcher                                    | 10                                       | 29                                       | 110                                      |
| 25.       | Puducherry (UT) | 194.      | Karaikal                                   | 4                                        | 7                                        | 40                                       |
|           |                 | 195.      | Puducherry                                 | 4                                        | 12                                       | 43                                       |
|           |                 | 196.      | Aligarh (Jagraon)                          | 6                                        | 22                                       | 122                                      |
|           |                 | 197.      | Amritsar                                   | 13                                       | 34                                       | 177                                      |
|           |                 | 198.      | AspalKhurd (Tapa)                          | 5                                        | 15                                       | 106                                      |
|           |                 | 199.      | Bhatinda                                   | 5                                        | 13                                       | 108                                      |
|           |                 | 200.      | Binjon (Garshankar)                        | 6                                        | 16                                       | 122                                      |
|           |                 | 201.      | Bishanpura (Payal)                         | 6                                        | 19                                       | 135                                      |
|           |                 | 202.      | Changal (Sangrur)                          | 5                                        | 13                                       | 102                                      |
|           |                 | 203.      | Chowkimann (Jagraon)                       | 6                                        | 25                                       | 141                                      |
|           |                 | 204.      | Dera Baba Nanak                            | 7                                        | 12                                       | 81                                       |
|           |                 | 205.      | DeraBassi                                  | 6                                        | 13                                       | 95                                       |
|           |                 | 206.      | Fatehpur (Samana)                          | 5                                        | 11                                       | 96                                       |
|           |                 | 207.      | Gobindgarh                                 | 7                                        | 38                                       | 121                                      |
|           |                 | 208.      | Guru Ki Dhab (Kotkapura)                   | 5                                        | 12                                       | 107                                      |
|           |                 | 209.      | JaitoSarja (Batala)                        | 7                                        | 18                                       | 111                                      |
|           |                 | 210.      | Jalandhar                                  | 11                                       | 20                                       | 153                                      |
| 26.       | Punjab          | 211.      | Khanna                                     | 8                                        | 32                                       | 135                                      |
|           |                 | 212.      | Kharaori (Sirhind)                         | 5                                        | 11                                       | 88                                       |
|           |                 | 213.      | Kotladoom (Ajnala)                         | 7                                        | 17                                       | 134                                      |
|           |                 | 214.      | LakhokeBehram (Ferozpur)                   | 5                                        | 15                                       | 112                                      |
|           |                 | 215.      | Ludhiana                                   | 9                                        | 32                                       | 162                                      |
|           |                 | 216. 217. | MrarKalan (Muktsar) Mukandpur (Nawashahar) | 5                                        | 14                                       | 111 109                                  |
|           |                 |           |                                            | 8                                        | 17                                       |                                          |
|           |                 | 218.      | Mureedke (Batala)                          | 7                                        | 16                                       | 108                                      |
|           |                 | 219.      | Naudhrani (Malerkotla)                     | 5                                        | 13                                       | 110                                      |
|           |                 | 220.      | NayaNangal                                 | 6                                        | 12                                       | 91                                       |
|           |                 | 221.      | Patiala                                    | 5                                        | 11                                       | 98                                       |
|           |                 | 222.      | Peer Mohammad (Jalalabad)                  | 5                                        | 14                                       | 112                                      |
|           |                 | 223.      | Poohli (Bhatinda)                          | 5                                        | 14                                       | 190                                      |
|           |                 | 224.      | QilaBharian (Sangrur)                      | 5                                        | 13                                       | 105                                      |
|           |                 | 225.      | Rakhra (Patiala)                           | 5                                        | 12                                       | 121                                      |
|           |                 | 226.      | Rohila (Samrala)                           | 6                                        | 18                                       | 133                                      |
|           |                 |           |                                            |                                          |                                          | 89                                       |
|           |                 | 227.      | Tirathpur (Amritsar I)                     | 7                                        | 13                                       |                                          |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 228.      | Alwar                                      | 10                                       | 34                                       | 182                                      |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 229.      | Bharatpur                                  | 7                                        | 25                                       | 201                                      |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 230.      | Bhiwadi                                    | 21 6                                     | 81 23                                    | 174 149                                  |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 231. 232. | Chittorgarh Jaipur                         | 8                                        | 32                                       | 165                                      |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 233.      | Jodhpur                                    | 7                                        | 24                                       | 223                                      |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 234.      | Kota                                       | 7                                        | 28                                       | 152                                      |
| 27.       | Rajasthan       | 235.      | Udaipur                                    | 9                                        | 30                                       | 147                                      |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 236.      | Chungthang                                 | 6                                        | 5                                        | 29                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 237.      | Gangtok                                    | 5                                        | 7                                        | 52                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 238.      | Mangan                                     | 5                                        | 5                                        | 28                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 239.      | Namchi                                     | 5                                        | 5                                        | 27                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 240.      | Pelling                                    | 7                                        | 6                                        | 34                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 241.      | Rangpo                                     | 10                                       | 8                                        | 68                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          |           |                                            |                                          | 5                                        | 27                                       |
| 28.       | Sikkim          | 242. 243. | Ravangla                                   | 5 9                                      | 6                                        | 56                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       | 244.      | Singtam Chennai                            | 9                                        | 16                                       | 78                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       | 245.      | Coimbatore                                 | 6                                        | 23                                       | 54                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       | 246.      | Cuddalore                                  | 12                                       | 17                                       | 52                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       | 247. 248. | Madurai                                    | 12                                       | 20                                       | 84                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       |           | Mettur                                     | 7                                        | 23                                       | 52                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       | 249.      | Salem                                      | 8                                        | 26                                       | 57                                       |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       | 250.      | Trichy                                     | 17                                       | 23                                       | 110                                      |
| 29.       | Tamilnadu       |           |                                            |                                          | 11                                       | 102                                      |
|           | Telangana       | 251. 252. | Tuticorin Adilabad                         | 14 6                                     | 23                                       | 69                                       |
| 30.       | Telangana       | 253. 254. | Hyderabad Karimnagar                       | 5 9                                      | 30 39                                    | 105 98                                   |

| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | Sl.       | City / town / village   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   |
|-----------|---------------|-----------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | No.       |                         | SO 2                                     | NO 2                                     | PM 10                                    |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 255.      | Khammam                 | 9                                        | 39                                       | 83                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 256.      | Kothur                  | 9                                        | 44                                       | 106                                      |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 257.      | Nalgonda                | 6                                        | 24                                       | 60                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 258.      | Nizamabad               | 6                                        | 23                                       | 60                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 259.      | Patencheru              | 6                                        | 23                                       | 81                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 260.      | Ramagundam              | 9                                        | 41                                       | 104                                      |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 261.      | Sangareddy              | 6                                        | 38                                       | 81                                       |
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs    | 262.      | Warangal                | 9                                        | 38                                       | 85                                       |
| 31.       | Tripura       | 263.      | Agartala                | 11                                       | 17                                       | 76                                       |
| 32. 33.   |               | 264.      | Agra                    | 4                                        | 22                                       | 209                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 265.      | Allahabad               | 4                                        | 45                                       | 231                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 266.      | Anpara                  | 18                                       | 28                                       | 191                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 267.      | Bareily                 | 14                                       | 22                                       | 233                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 268.      | Firozabad               | 8                                        | 31                                       | 226                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 269.      | Gajraula                | 20                                       | 33                                       | 224                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 270.      | Ghaziabad               | 21                                       | 43                                       | 245                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 271.      | Gorakpur                | 28                                       | 45                                       | 218                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 272.      | Jhansi                  | 6                                        | 18                                       | 96                                       |
| 32. 33.   | Uttar Pradesh | 273.      | Kanpur                  | 7                                        | 47                                       | 218                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 274.      | Khurja                  | 21                                       | 20                                       | 214                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 275.      | Lucknow                 | 7                                        | 30                                       | 217                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 276.      | Mathura                 | 12                                       | 26                                       | 153                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 277.      | Meerut                  | 7                                        | 58                                       | 177                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 278.      | Moradabad               | 20                                       | 34                                       | 227                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 279.      | Noida                   | 20                                       | 52                                       | 264                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 280.      | Raebareli               | 11                                       | 17                                       | 141                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 281.      | Saharanpur              | 18                                       | 26                                       | 183                                      |
| 32. 33.   |               | 282.      | Unnao                   | 9                                        | 27                                       | 132                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 283.      | Varanasi                | 9                                        | 34                                       | 189                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 284.      | Dehradun                | 25                                       | 28                                       | 217                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 285.      | Haldwani                | 11                                       | 23                                       | 126                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 286.      | Haridwar                | 19                                       | 23                                       | 125                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 287.      | Kashipur                | 14                                       | 23                                       | 105                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 288.      | Rishikesh               | 21                                       | 25                                       | 133                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   | 289.      | Rudrapur                | 13                                       | 22                                       | 119                                      |
|           | Uttarakhand   |           | Alipurduar              | 2                                        | 15                                       | 65                                       |
|           |               | 290. 291. | Amtala                  | 3                                        | 31                                       | 94                                       |
|           |               | 292.      | Asansol                 | 13                                       | 35                                       | 146                                      |
|           |               | 293.      | Baharampur              | 11                                       | 52                                       | 147                                      |
|           |               | 294.      | Balurghat               | 2                                        | 16                                       | 72                                       |
|           |               | 295.      | Bankura                 | 2                                        | 17                                       | 77                                       |
|           |               | 296.      | Barasat                 | 10                                       | 49                                       | 104                                      |
|           |               | 297.      | Bardhaman               | 2                                        | 19                                       | 87                                       |
|           |               | 298.      | Barrackpore             | 10                                       | 49                                       | 108                                      |
|           |               | 299.      | Baruipur                | 3                                        | 32                                       | 101                                      |
|           |               | 300. 301. | Bolpur Chinsura         | 2 5                                      | 18                                       | 78                                       |
|           |               |           |                         |                                          | 38                                       | 109                                      |
|           |               | 302.      | Coochbehar              | 2                                        | 15                                       | 64                                       |
|           |               | 303.      | Dankuni                 | 5                                        | 32                                       | 100                                      |
| 34.       | West Bengal   | 304.      | Darjeeling              | 2                                        | 14                                       | 36                                       |
|           |               | 305.      | Durgapur Ghatal         | 12 12                                    | 34 35                                    | 141 92                                   |
|           |               | 306.      | Haldia                  |                                          | 38                                       | 99                                       |
|           |               | 307. 308. | Howrah                  | 14                                       | 72                                       | 179                                      |
|           |               | 309.      | Jalpaiguri              | 11 2                                     | 16                                       | 64                                       |
|           |               | 310.      | Jhargram                |                                          | 34                                       | 80                                       |
|           |               | 311.      | Kalimpong               | 11 2                                     | 14                                       | 36                                       |
|           |               | 312.      | Kalyani                 | 10                                       | 48                                       | 89                                       |
|           |               | 313.      | Kharagpur               |                                          |                                          |                                          |
|           |               | 314.      | Kolkata                 | 16                                       | 40 44                                    | 136 148                                  |
|           |               | 315.      | Krishnanagar            | 6                                        | 49                                       | 160                                      |
|           |               |           |                         | 10                                       |                                          | 69                                       |
|           |               | 316. 317. | Malda Medinipur         | 2                                        | 17 34                                    | 82                                       |
|           |               |           |                         | 11                                       |                                          | 74                                       |
|           |               | 318.      | Purulia Raigunj         | 2                                        | 17                                       | 67                                       |
|           |               | 319.      |                         | 2                                        | 16                                       |                                          |

| Sl. No.   | State &UTs   | Sl.   | City / town / village   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   | Annual average concentration in µg/m 3   |
|-----------|--------------|-------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Sl. No.   | State &UTs   | No.   | City / town / village   | SO 2                                     | NO 2                                     | PM 10                                    |
|           |              | 320.  | Rampurhat               | 2                                        | 18                                       | 84                                       |
|           |              | 321.  | Ranaghat                | 10                                       | 51                                       | 143                                      |
|           |              | 322.  | Raniganj                | 12                                       | 35                                       | 147                                      |
|           |              | 323.  | Rishra                  | 5                                        | 37                                       | 114                                      |
|           |              | 324.  | Sankrail                | 5                                        | 32                                       | 94                                       |
|           |              | 325.  | Siliguri                | 2                                        | 17                                       | 72                                       |
|           |              | 326.  | Suri                    | 2                                        | 17                                       | 81                                       |
|           |              | 327.  | Tamluk                  | 14                                       | 38                                       | 106                                      |
|           |              | 328.  | Tribeni                 | 5                                        | 31                                       | 97                                       |
|           |              | 329.  | Uluberia                | 5                                        | 32                                       | 95                                       |

NB. * - CAAQMS data. Village names with tehsil in parentheses are rural stations. NAAQS (annual): SO2=50 µg/m 3 , NO2=40 µg/m 3 , PM10=60 µg/m 3 (Residential  / industrial / rural / other areas) and SO2=20 µg/m 3 ,   NO2=30 µg/m 3 , PM10=60 µg/m 3 , PM2.5 = 40 µg/m 3 (Ecologically sensitive area)

## Ambient air quality with respect to PM2.5 in cities during 2018

|   SL. No. | State                     |   Sl. No. | City                           | Average of PM2.5 Annual saverage (µg/m3)   |
|-----------|---------------------------|-----------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         1 | Anantapur                      | 34                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         2 | Chitoor                        | 27                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         3 | Kadapa                         | 28                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         4 | Kakinada                       | 66                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         5 | Kurnool                        | 26                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         6 | Nellore                        | 34                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         7 | Rajahmundry/ Rajamahendravaram | 69                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         8 | Tirupati                       | 12                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |         9 | Vijaywada                      | 29                                         |
|         1 | Andhra Pradesh            |        10 | Vishakhapatnam                 | 49                                         |
|         2 | Assam                     |        11 | Guwahati                       | 66                                         |
|         3 | Bihar                     |        12 | Begusarai                      | 58                                         |
|         3 | Bihar                     |        13 | Muzaffarpur                    | 84                                         |
|         4 | Chandigarh (UT)           |        14 | Chandigarh                     | 50                                         |
|         5 | Chattisgarh               |        15 | Bilaspur                       | 20                                         |
|         5 | Chattisgarh               |        16 | Korba                          | 19                                         |
|         5 | Chattisgarh               |        17 | Raigarh                        | 29                                         |
|         6 | Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) |        18 | Baldevi (Dadra & Nagar Haveli) | 27                                         |
|         6 | Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) |        19 | Silvassa                       | 42                                         |
|         6 | Daman& Diu (UT)           |        20 | Daman                          | 40                                         |
|         6 | Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) |        21 | Patlara (Daman)                | 26                                         |
|         7 | Delhi (UT)                |        22 | Delhi                          | 115*                                       |
|         8 | Goa                       |        23 | Amona                          | 20                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        24 | Assanora                       | 18                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        25 | Bicholim                       | 23                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        26 | Codli                          | 20                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        27 | Cuncolim                       | 42                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        28 | Curchorem                      | 32                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        29 | Honda                          | 20                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        30 | Kundaim                        | 22                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        31 | Margao                         | 18                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        32 | Mormugao                       | 38                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        33 | Panaji                         | 8                                          |
|         8 | Goa                       |        34 | Ponda                          | 29                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        35 | Sanguem                        | 31                                         |
|         8 | Goa                       |        36 | Tilamol                        | 44                                         |

| SL. No.   | State               | Sl. No.   | City            | Average of PM2.5 Annual saverage (µg/m3)   |
|-----------|---------------------|-----------|-----------------|--------------------------------------------|
|           |                     | 37.       | Tuem            | 17                                         |
|           |                     | 38.       | Usgao           | 19                                         |
|           |                     | 39.       | Vasco           | 60                                         |
|           |                     | 40.       | Ahmedabad       | 73                                         |
|           |                     | 41.       | Anklesvar       | 46                                         |
|           |                     | 42.       | Jamnagar        | 44                                         |
| 9.        | Gujarat             | 43.       | Rajkot          | 64                                         |
|           |                     | 44.       | Surat           | 57                                         |
|           |                     | 45.       | Vadodara        | 60                                         |
|           |                     | 46.       | Vapi            | 53                                         |
|           |                     | 47.       | Damtal          | 26                                         |
|           |                     | 48.       | Dharamshala     | 22                                         |
|           |                     | 49.       | Kala Amb        | 53                                         |
|           |                     | 50.       | Manali          | 26                                         |
| 10.       | Himachal Pradesh    | 51.       | Paonta Sahib    | 51                                         |
|           |                     | 52.       | Parwanoo        | 13 33                                      |
|           |                     | 53.       | Shimla          |                                            |
| 11.       | Jammu& Kashmir (UT) | 55.       | Jammu           | 44                                         |
|           |                     | 56.       | Bagalkote       | 35                                         |
|           |                     | 57.       | Bangalore       | 47                                         |
|           |                     | 58.       | Belgaum         | 50                                         |
|           |                     | 59.       | Bidar           | 41                                         |
|           |                     | 60.       | Bijapur         | 31                                         |
|           |                     | 61.       | Devanagere      | 18                                         |
| 12.       | Karnataka           | 62.       | Gulburga        | 41                                         |
|           |                     | 63.       | Hassan          | 27                                         |
|           |                     | 64.       | Hubli-Dharwad   | 26                                         |
|           |                     | 65.       | Kolar           | 38                                         |
|           |                     | 66.       | Mysore          | 29                                         |
|           |                     | 67.       | Raichur         | 33                                         |
|           |                     | 68.       | Shimaga         | 17                                         |
| 13.       | Kerala              | 69.       | Kozhikode       | 6                                          |
|           |                     | 70.       | Amlai           | 29                                         |
|           |                     | 71.       | Bhopal          | 59                                         |
|           |                     | 72.       | Chhindwara      | 48                                         |
|           |                     | 73.       | Dewas           | 49                                         |
|           |                     | 74.       | Gwalior         | 62                                         |
|           |                     | 75.       | Indore          | 41                                         |
|           |                     | 76.       | Jabalpur        | 43                                         |
| 14.       | Madhya Pradesh      | 77.       | Katni           | 37                                         |
|           |                     | 78.       | Nagda           | 32                                         |
|           |                     | 79.       | Prithampur      | 34                                         |
|           |                     | 80.       | Sagar           | 30                                         |
|           |                     | 81.       | Satna           | 48                                         |
|           |                     | 82.       | Singrauli       | 52                                         |
|           |                     | 83.       | Ujjain          | 34                                         |
| 15.       | Maharashtra         | 84.       | Mumbai          | 46                                         |
| 16.       | Meghalaya           | 85. 86.   | Nagpur Shillong | 44 12                                      |
|           |                     | 87.       | Angul           | 49                                         |
|           |                     | 88.       | Balasore        | 47                                         |
|           |                     | 89.       | Berhampur       | 33                                         |
| 17.       | Odisha              | 90.       | Bhubneshwar     | 32                                         |
|           |                     | 91.       | Bonaigarh       | 36                                         |
|           |                     | 92.       | Cuttack         | 50                                         |

NB. * - CAAQMS data. Village names with tehsil in parentheses are rural stations.

| SL. No.   |   Sl. No. | City          |   Average of PM2.5 Annual saverage (µg/m3) |
|-----------|-----------|---------------|--------------------------------------------|
|           |        94 | Kalinga Nagar |                                         58 |
|           |        95 | Paradeep      |                                         48 |
|           |        96 | Rajgangpur    |                                         49 |
|           |        97 | Rayagada      |                                         39 |
|           |        98 | Rourkela      |                                         46 |
|           |        99 | Sambalpur     |                                         53 |
|           |       100 | Talcher       |                                         50 |
| 18.       |       101 | Chennai       |                                         34 |
| 18.       |       102 | Coimbatore    |                                         32 |
| 18.       |       103 | Cuddalore     |                                         32 |
| 18.       |       104 | Madurai       |                                         34 |
| 18.       |       105 | Mettur        |                                         27 |
| 18.       |       106 | Salem         |                                         21 |
| 18.       |       107 | Trichy        |                                         53 |
| 18.       |       108 | Tuticorin     |                                         25 |
| 19.       |       109 | Adilabad      |                                         33 |
| 19.       |       110 | Hyderabad     |                                         55 |
| 19.       |       111 | Karimnagar    |                                         49 |
| 19.       |       112 | Khammam       |                                         36 |
| 19.       |       113 | Nalgonda      |                                         49 |
| 19.       |       114 | Nizamabad     |                                         27 |
| 19.       |       115 | Patencheru    |                                         37 |
| 19.       |       116 | Ramagundam    |                                         49 |
| 19.       |       117 | Sangareddy    |                                         39 |
| 19.       |       118 | Warangal      |                                         41 |
| 20.       |       119 | Agartala      |                                         42 |
| 21.       |       120 | Agra          |                                        106 |
| 21.       |       121 | Ghaziabad     |                                        103 |
| 21.       |       122 | Lucknow       |                                        108 |
| 22.       |       124 | Asansol       |                                         58 |
| 22.       |       125 | Barrackpore   |                                         44 |
| 22.       |       126 | Darjeeling    |                                         20 |
| 22.       |       127 | Durgapur      |                                         71 |
| 22.       |       128 | Haldia        |                                         33 |
| 22.       |       129 | Howrah        |                                         97 |
| 22.       |       130 | Kalyani       |                                         40 |
| 22.       |       131 | Kolkata       |                                         86 |
| 22.       |       132 | Siliguri      |                                         35 |

Initiatives taken by the Government for the abatement and control of air pollution are as follows.

## Vehicular Emissions

-  BS-IV  standards  adopted  from  1 st April,  2017.  Leapfrogging  from  BS-IV  to  BS-VI fuel standards since 1st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi, in NCR since October 2019 and by 1st April, 2020 in the rest of the country for both fuel as well as vehicles. About Rs 60000 crore was spent on switching over to BS VI fuels.
-  80% reduction in particulate matter emissions in BS IV heavy duty diesel vehicles with respect to BS III and further 50 % reduction in PM due to BS VI standards with respect to BS IV.
-  Operationalization of Eastern Peripheral Expressway & Western Peripheral Expressway in 2018 at a cost of about Rs 17000 crore to divert non-destined traffic from Delhi. About 60000 vehicles are diverted on these roads daily.
-  Introduction  of  cleaner  /  alternate  fuels  like  gaseous  fuel  (CNG,  LPG  etc.),  ethanol blending in petrol.
-  In Delhi, about 500 new CNG stations have been opened during the last 5 years.
-  Use of RFID tags have been made mandatory for commercial vehicles entering Delhi. This  has  resulted  in  decrease  in  traffic  congestion  at  Toll  collection/Environmental Compensation Charge collection centres.
-  Network of metro has expanded in Delhi NCR with total length of 377 km and 274 stations at a cost of about Rs 70000 crore. It is used by over 30 lakh people every day and due to this about 4 lakh vehicles are avoided on roads, thereby reducing pollution considerably.
-  To promote electric vehicles, Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME -2) scheme has been rolled out with an outlay of Rs 10000 crore for 3 years. DHI has sanctioned 300 buses for Delhi and 100 buses for DMRC under this scheme so far.
-  Permit requirement for electric vehicles has been exempted.
-  Promotion of public transport and improvements in roads and building of more bridges to ease congestion on roads.

## Industrial Emissions

-  Stringent emission norms for Coal based Thermal Power Plants(TPPs).
-  Badarpur thermal power plant has been closed from 15th October, 2018.
-  Pet coke and furnace oil have been banned as fuel in Delhi and NCR States. Import of pet coke to be done by industries using it as a feedstock/in process across the country.
-  Out of about 4700 industrial units in Delhi - NCR, about 2600 units have shifted to PNG.
-  Installation  of  on-line  continuous  (24x7)  monitoring  devices  in  all  red  category industries in Delhi and NCR. 512 industrial units in Delhi- NCR have installed it out of about 603 units.
-  Revision of emission standards for industrial sectors from time to time. SOx and NOx standards for boilers have been introduced.
-  About  2800  brick  kilns  have  been  shifted  to  zig-zag  technology  in  Delhi  and NCR.Only brick kilns with zigzag technology can operate in Delhi and NCR.

## Crop Residue Management

-  In  order to  prevent stubble burning, a new Central Sector Scheme on 'Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization for In-Situ Management of Crop Residue in the States of Punjab,  Haryana,  Uttar  Pradesh  and  NCT  of  Delhi'  for  the  period  from  2018-19  to 2019-20 is being implemented by Ministry of Agriculture  and Farmers' Welfare with the total outgo from the Central funds of Rs. 1178.47 crore.
-  The State Governments during 2018-19 have supplied more than 1,00,000 machines to the individual farmers and Custom Hiring Centres on subsidy for in-situ management of crop residue.
-  A reduction of about 18.8% and 31% in active fire incidents in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar  Pradesh  has  been  recorded  in  2019  over  the  figures  for  2018  and  2017, respectively.

## Solid Waste

-  Notifications  of  6  waste  management  rules  covering  solid  waste,  plastic  waste,  ewaste, bio-medical waste, C&D waste and hazardous wastes issued in 2016.
-  Ban on burning of biomass/garbage.
-  3  Waste-to-Energy  (W-t-E)  plants  are  currently  operational  in  Delhi  with  a  total capacity of 5250 Ton Per Day (TPD) generating 59 MW.
-  A 200 TPD waste to compost plant is also operational in Delhi.
-  Bioremediation and biomining of landfill sites have also been undertaken in Delhi.
-  Number of mechanised road sweeping machines has been increased significantly and presently 58 machines are deployed for cleaning of roads in Delhi.

## Construction and Demolition (C&D) Activities

-  SoPs  and  notification regarding dust mitigation measures  for construction  and demolition activities have been issued.
-  Three C&D waste processing plants with 2650 TPD capacity are operational in Delhi. About 3.4 lakh ton of end products have been used till 15 th Feb 2020.

## Monitoring

-  Notification  of  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards  in  2009  and  launch  of National Air Quality Index in 2015.
-  Ambient air quality is monitored at 793 locations covering 344 cities in 28 States & 7 Union  Territories  (UTs)  across  the  country  under  National  Air  Quality  Monitoring Programme (NAMP). Under NAMP, PM2.5 is monitored at 274 locations  covering 132 cities.
-  Implementation of Air Quality Early Warning System for Delhi in October, 2018 in association with Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). The system provides timely alerts to implementing agencies for facilitating proactive actions.

## Technical Interventions

-  Pilot  projects  were  deployed  in  Delhi  for  evaluation  of  air  pollution  mitigation technologies:
-  Ambient air purification through Wind Augmentation and Purification Units (WAYUs) for  pollution  abatement  at  traffic  intersections  and  Pariyayantra  filtration  units  on  30 buses  was  evaluated.  Though  minimal  improvement  in  ambient  air  quality  was
- observed,  however,  WAYU  may  be  explored  for  providing  improved  air  quality  at localised levels.
-  Application of dust suppressant -The effectiveness of the dust suppressant lasted up to 6 hours after which it had to be reapplied. About 30% reduction in dust concentrations was  observed  up  to  6  hours.  Advisory  has  been  issued  to  State  Boards  to  use  dust suppressant.
-  The Project Appraisal and Approval Committee at CPCB constituted for utilization of Environment Protection Charge (EPC) Fund has in-principle approved the proposal for installation of one smog tower at Anand Vihar in Delhi.
-  Research  projects  are  being  carried  out  by  CPCB  in  collaboration  with  premier institutions like IIT, NEERI, etc. under Environment Protection Charge (EPC) funds.
-  Lack of certification system of ambient air quality monitoring instruments in India was identified.  A  certification  scheme has been established in collaboration with National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
-  Regular  engagements  with  technical  bodies  and  experts  have  been  undertaken  for knowledge sharing.

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