Lok Sabha Question No. 3122 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-12-31
Subject: Female Participation in Labour Force
Ministry: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
Asked by: SANTOKH SINGH CHAUDHARY, PREM DAS RAI, DINESH TRIVEDI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3122 TO BE ANSWERED ON 31.12.2018

## FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN LABOUR FORCE

## 3122. SHRI SANTOKH SINGH CHAUDHARY:

SHRI PREM DAS RAI: SHRI DINESH TRIVEDI:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)the  present  trend  of  female  participation  in  Labour  Force  in  the  country and whether it has registered a decline during the last three years, if so, the details thereof along with the details of the labour force participation
- rate of women in the country;
- (b)the reasons for such a trend and the steps being taken by the Government to reverse the trend and boost female participation in the workforce;
- (c)whether  the  Government  has  conducted  any  study  to  ascertain  the reasons  for  declining  female  labour  force  and  if  so,  the  details  and  the findings thereof;
- (d)the measures taken to ensure equal pay for equal work for both men and
- women as envisaged in the Directive Principles; and
- (e)the steps taken to provide crèche facilities to cater to young mothers who contribute a sizeable number of the women labour force in the country?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (IC) FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

- (a): Labour Bureau has been conducting Annual EmploymentUnemployment Surveys (EUS) since 2010 which interalia captures the Labour Force Participation Rate for women in the country. The details of the Labour Force Participation Rate for women in the country for the 2nd (2011-12), 3rd (2012-13), 4th  (2013-14) and 5 th  (2015-16) round of the EUS are presented in Annexure.
- (b) & (c): The  Government  has  taken  a  number  of  measures  to  increase the  Labour  Force  Participation  Rate  for  women.  Some  of  these  measures ensure that the services of a woman worker cannot be terminated during the period  of  her  absence  on  account  of  pregnancy.  As  per  amendment  of Section 5 of the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act,2017, maximum period for which a woman can get paid maternity benefit is twenty-six weeks upto two surviving children, 12 weeks of paid maternity leave is also available. A medical bonus of Rs 3,500/- is being provided under the Act.

(d): The Minimum Wages Act does not discriminate on the basis of gender.    Under  the  Minimum  Wages  Act,  1948,  the  wages  fixed  by  the appropriate  government  are  equally  payable  to  both  male  and  female workers. The provisions of the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 ensures equal payments for both male and female workers.

(e): The  crèche  facility  has  been  provided  through  the  Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 after insertion of new Section 11A. According to this section, every establishment having fifty or more employees shall have the facility of crèche in the establishment.

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## Annexure

Annexure  referred  to  in  reply  to  part(a)  of  Lok  Sabha  Unstarred Question  No  3122  to  be  answered  on  31/12/2018  raised  by  Shri Santokh singh Chaudhary, Shri Prem Das Rai and Shri Dinesh Trivedi regarding  'Female Participation in Labour Force'.

Labour Force Participation Rate based on Usual Principal & Subsidiary Status  UPSS ( PS + SS ) approach for  Female workers aged 15 Years & above based on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th EUS.

(in per cent)

| Survey / Sector      | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   | Labour Force Participation Rate under UPSS   |
|----------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| Survey / Sector      | RURAL                                        | RURAL                                        | RURAL                                        | RURAL                                        | URBAN                                        | URBAN                                        | URBAN                                        | URBAN                                        | RURAL +URBAN                                 | RURAL +URBAN                                 | RURAL +URBAN                                 | RURAL +URBAN                                 |
| Survey / Sector      | M                                            | F                                            | T                                            | P                                            | M                                            | F                                            | T                                            | P                                            | M                                            | F                                            | T                                            | P                                            |
| Second EUS (2011-12) | 79.4                                         | 33.9                                         | -                                            | 57.9                                         | 73.7                                         | 19.1                                         | -                                            | 48.0                                         | 77.9                                         | 30.0                                         | -                                            | 55.4                                         |
| Third EUS (2012-13)  | 78.7                                         | 29.9                                         | -                                            | 55.5                                         | 73.2                                         | 17.8                                         | -                                            | 46.7                                         | 77.2                                         | 26.5                                         | -                                            | 53.1                                         |
| Fourth EUS (2013-14) | 76.4                                         | 36.4                                         | -                                            | 58.8                                         | 74.0                                         | 19.7                                         | -                                            | 47.9                                         | 75.7                                         | 31.1                                         | -                                            | 55.6                                         |
| Fifth EUS (2015-16)  | 78.0                                         | 31.7                                         | 52.2                                         | 55.8                                         | 69.1                                         | 16.6                                         | 41.2                                         | 43.7                                         | 75.5                                         | 27.4                                         | 48.8                                         | 52.4                                         |

M = Male, F = Female, T = Transgender P = Person

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