Lok Sabha Question No. 3242 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-16
Subject: Reverse Migration
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Poonam (Mahajan) Vajendla Rao, Ramya  Haridas

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3242 ANSWERED ON 16.03.2021

## REVERSE MIGRATION

## 3242.   SHRIMATI POONAM MAHAJAN: MS. RAMYA HARIDAS:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the  current  status  of  reverse  migration  from  city  to  village/district  during  the  last  five years;
- (b) the  States  and  cities  which  witnessed  the  largest  number  of  reverse  migration  and  the reasons of this reverse migration;
- (c) whether these migrated people get jobs, if so, the sector in which they are employed and their average wages per day;
- (d) the percentage of unemployment within reverse migration; and
- (e) whether the  Government has drawn plans to  equip these unemployed battery  of  youth with job oriented skills and if so, the details of the courses offered?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) & (b)  Migration of workers from one State to another State is a continuous process and the migrant workers keep on moving from one State to other States in search of work. In regard to reverse  migration,  Ministry  of  Labour  &  Employment  has  informed  that  as  reported  by  the States/UTs, during the  Covid-19 lockdown situation, a total of 1,14,30,968 inter-state migrant workers returned to their home states. State-wise break up is enclosed at the Annexure . Further, it has been informed by Ministry of Labour & Employment that most of reverse migrants have gone  back  to  their  original  or  other  workplaces  and  engaged  themselves  in  productive employment.

(c) to (e)  Government has taken several measures post COVID-19 situation to provide relief to the  people  in  rural  areas,  including  the  reverse  migrants  people  in  all  States/UTs.  Ministry  of Finance, Government of India, on 26th March 2020, announced relief package under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) for the poor to help them fight the battle against Corona Virus. The relief package announced includes, inter-alia:

- i. One-time ex-gratia payment of Rs 500 per month for 3 months (April, May and June 2020) to women Jan Dhan Account holders. In pursuance of this, Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)  implemented  the  scheme  of  relief  package  of  one-time  ex-gratia  payment  of Rs 500 per month for 3 months (April, May and June 2020) to women Jan Dhan Account holders through various Banks. A total of Rs. 30956.97 crores has been released towards direct  benefit  transfers  to  20.64  crore  Women beneficiaries of Jan Dhan account holders under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) @ Rs. 500/- each for three months.
- ii. Ex-gratia of Rs.1000 in two instalments (Rs.500/- each) to the existing old age, widow and disabled/Divyangjan beneficiaries of the schemes of National Social Assistance Programme(NSAP).  A total of Rs. 2814.50 crore as ex-gratia was released in two tranches in  April  and  May,  2020  to  States/UTs  under  PMGKY  for  the  existing  282  lakh beneficiaries of NSAP schemes.
- iii. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA) wage rate revised w.e.f. 1.4.2020 with average wage rate increase of Rs.20 over the wage rate of 2019-20.
- iv. The  collateral  free  credit  limit  for  the  Self  Help  Group(SHG)  members  under  National Rural Livelihood Scheme (NRLM) enhanced from Rs.10 lakh to Rs. 20 lakh.

Apart  from  this,  Government  of  India  launched  the  Garib  Kalyan  Rojgar  Abhiyaan (GKRA)  on  20 th June,  2020  for  a  period  of  125  days  to  boost  employment  and  livelihood opportunities  for  returnee  migrant  workers  and  similarly  affected  citizens  in  rural  area,  in  the wake of COVID-19 pandemic with resource envelop of Rs. 50,000 crore. The objectives of the Abhiyaan were to provide immediate employment & livelihood opportunities to the distressed, to saturate  the  villages  with  public  infrastructure  and  creation  of  livelihood  assets  to  boost  the income generation activities and enhance long term livelihood opportunities by giving focus on 25 works in 116 selected districts across 6 States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Abhiyaan is a convergent effort of ongoing 25 schemes of 12 Ministries/  Department  of  Central  Government.  More  than  50  crore  man-days  of  employment was created under the Abhiyaan with an expenditure of Rs. 39292.81 crore.

Four  schemes  of  the  MoRD  namely,  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS), Pradhan MantriAwaasYojana- Gramin (PMAYG),  Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) and Shyama Prasad Mukherjee RURBAN Mission (SPMRM) have been identified under the GKRA. The achievement in this regard is as under:

- i. PMAY-G has sanctioned a total of 770522 houses and completed 481210 houses with a total expenditure of Rs.5618.19 crore.
- ii. Under PMGSY, as against the target of Rs. 2902 crore, an expenditure of Rs. 1529 crore has been incurred as on 30.11.2020.
- iii. Under  SPMRM, the  development  works  in  47  Rurban  clusters  under  GKRA  have  been implemented with fast pace for providing employment and livelihood opportunities to the rural citizens. During the abhiyaan period, 13494 works have been completed against the target of 13886 which is 97% of overall physical target and Rs. 693.55 crore expenditure (including convergence expenditure) has been made which is 87% of financial targets taken by SPMRM under GKRA.

Other  major  steps  taken  by  the  MoRD  under  various  schemes  during  the  outbreak  of Covid-19 for expeditious socio- economic development in rural areas are listed below:

- i. Mahatma  Gandhi  NREGS  which  is  a  demand  driven  wage  employment  programme provides at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year is to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. During  FY  2020-21  (upto  11.03.2021),  more  than  363  crore  person-days  have  been generated, which is approximately 44% more than the employment generated during the same period in FY 2019-20 and  more than 1.61 crore new job cards have been issued. Government has enhanced the allocation under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA for Financial Year 2020-21 from BE Rs. 61,500 crore to Rs.1,11,500 crore.
- ii. PMAY-G aims to provide assistance to eligible rural households for construction of 2.95 Crore Pucca houses with basic amenities to achieve the objective of 'Housing for All' by 2022. In the current FY, 36.38 lakh houses have been sanctioned and 28.45 lakh houses have been completed in PMAY-G and 0.64 lakhs in Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) with an expenditure of Rs.39195 crore.
- iii. PMGSY was launched in the year 2000 as a measure towards alleviation of poverty in rural areas by providing access to basic services to the rural population by providing them good  quality  roads.  During  the  period  of  COVID  states  were  directed  to  accelerate  the pace of works so as to create more employment opportunities and boost rural economy. Under  PMGSY,  25,943  Kms.  of  road  length  has  been  completed  in  2020-21  and expenditure of Rs. 18,923 Cr. Incurred during this financial year.
- iv. SPMRM is a unique programme, designed to deliver catalytic interventions to rural areas on the threshold of growth. 300 Rurban Clusters with thematic economic growth points, are  being  developed  across  the  country  under  this  Mission.  The  Ministry  had  issued  an advisory to the States/UTs regarding modification in existing projects/works proposed in DPR of  cluster  due  to  Covid-19  pandemic  and  to  include  more  economic  activities  in order  to  reboot  the  rural  economy.  Cluster  wise  consultations  have  been  convened  with PRI members, SHG representatives as well as State and district functionaries to identify issues and suggestions with respect to further improving the on-ground implementation of the  Mission.  Under  SPMRM,  a  total  expenditure  Rs.  3089  Cr.  including  convergence funds and critical gap funds has been incurred during financial year 2020-21.
- v. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission(DAY-NRLM) aims to reduce poverty by organizing the rural poor women into Self Help Groups (SHGs), and continuously  nurturing  and  supporting  them  to  take  economic  activities  till  they  attain appreciable increase in income over a period of  time. During the  year 2020-21 (till Jan 2021),  the  Ministry  of  Rural  Development  under  DAY-NRLM  facilitated  women  Self Help  Groups  to  leverage  credit  of  Rs  56417  Crores  from  formal  banking  system  for investing  for  continuation  of  their  exiting  economic  ventures  and  also  acquire  new productive assets to start new enterprises.
- vi. There  are  two  other  skill  development  programmes  for  rural  poor  youth  under  DAYNRLM, namely, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), and Rural Self Employment Training  Institutes (RSETIs).  Both these schemes are  aimed at increasing  employability  of  rural  poor  youth  either  for  wage  or  self-employment.  After unlock orders and opening of training centres, under DDU-GKY a total of 9986 candidates have  been  trained  and  36933  candidates  have  been  placed  in  jobs  during  the  current financial year 2020-21 (upto December, 2020). Under RSETI a total of 111367 candidates have  been  trained  and  93874  candidates  have  been  settled  during  the  current  Financial Year 2020-21(upto December, 2020).

Apart for the above mentioned schemes/programmes of Ministry of Rural Development, major schemes/programmes  of  other  Ministries/departments  for  skill  development  and  employment generation  which  provide  employment  opportunities  and  employability  to  the  rural  youth including the reverse migrants are as under-

- i. PRADHAN  MANTRI  KAUSHAL  VIKAS  YOJANA  The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) had launched Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) in the year 2015. The objective of this Skill Certification Scheme is to enable a large number of Indian Youth to take up industry-relevant skill training that will help  them  in  securing  a  better  livelihood.  Individuals  with  prior  learning  experience  or skills  will  also  be  assessed  and  certified  under  the  Recognition  of  Prior  Learning  (RPL) component of the Scheme. RPL mainly focuses on the individuals engaged in unregulated sectors.  The objectives of RPL are primarily three-fold: (i) to align the competencies of the un-regulated workforce of the country to the standardized National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF), (ii) to enhance the career/employability opportunities of an individual as well as provide alternative routes to higher education and (iii) to provide opportunities for reducing inequalities based on forms of knowledge over others.
- ii. PRIME MINISTER'S EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME (PMEGP)The  Ministry  of  Micro,  Small  &  Medium  Enterprises  has  been  implementing  a  creditlinked  subsidy  programme named Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) since 2008-09 with Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) as nodal agency  at  the  national  level  for  generating  employment  in  the  country  by  setting  up  of micro-enterprises  in  the  non-farm  sector  by  helping  traditional  artisans  and  unemployed youth.

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## Annexure referred in the statement in the reply to part (a) & (b) of Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3242 due for answer on 16.03.2021 regarding 'Reverse Migration'

526900

| S. No   | Name of the State                  | No. of Migrant workers belonging to the State who have returned to their home State *   |
|---------|------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1       | Andhra Pradesh                     | 32,571                                                                                  |
| 2       | Andaman and Nicobar                | 4,960                                                                                   |
| 3       | Arunachal Pradesh                  | 2,871                                                                                   |
| 4       | Assam                              | 4,26,441                                                                                |
| 5       | Bihar                              | 15,00,612                                                                               |
| 6       | Chandigarh                         | 39230                                                                                   |
| 7       | Chhattisgarh                       | 526900                                                                                  |
| 8       | Dadra &Nagar Haveli and Daman &Diu | 43,747                                                                                  |
| 9       | Delhi                              | 2,047                                                                                   |
| 10      | Goa                                | 85620                                                                                   |
| 11      | Gujarat                            | 0                                                                                       |
| 12      | Haryana                            | 1,289                                                                                   |
| 13      | Himachal Pradesh                   | 18,652                                                                                  |
| 14      | Jammu &Kashmir                     | 48,780                                                                                  |
| 15      | Jharkhand                          | 5,30,047                                                                                |
| 16      | Karnataka                          | 1,34,438                                                                                |
| 17      | Kerala                             | 3,11,124                                                                                |
| 18      | Ladakh                             | 50                                                                                      |
| 19      | Lakshadweep                        | 456                                                                                     |
| 20      | Madhya Pradesh                     | 7,53,581                                                                                |
| 21      | Maharashtra                        | 1,82,990                                                                                |
| 22      | Manipur                            | 12,338                                                                                  |
| 23      | Meghalaya                          | 4,266                                                                                   |
| 24      | Mizoram                            | 8446                                                                                    |
| 25      | Nagaland                           | 11,750                                                                                  |
| 26      | Odisha                             | 853,777                                                                                 |
| 27      | Puducherry                         | 1,694                                                                                   |
| 28      | Punjab                             | 5,15,642                                                                                |
| 29      | Rajasthan                          | 13,08,130                                                                               |
| 30      | Sikkim                             | 33,015                                                                                  |
| 31      | Tamil Nadu                         | 72,145                                                                                  |
| 32      | Telangana                          | 37,050                                                                                  |
| 33      | Tripura                            | 34,247                                                                                  |
| 34      | Uttar Pradesh                      | 32,49,638                                                                               |
| 35      | Uttarakhand                        | 1,97,128                                                                                |
| 36      | West Bengal                        | 13,84,693                                                                               |
|         | Total                              | 1,14,30,968                                                                             |