Lok Sabha Question No. 3014 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-06
Subject: Impact of Urbanisation on Environment
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Hibi Eden

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOKSABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3014

TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.12.2019

## Impact of Urbanisation on Environment

## 3014. SHRI HIBI EDEN:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether rampant urbanisation has adversely affected the environmental balance in the country;
- (b) if so, the details thereof along with the list of critically polluted clusters/areas in the country, State/UT-wise; and
- (c) the steps taken by the Government to tackle the situation?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BABUL SUPRIYO)

(a )&  (b)Rapid  urbanization creates pressure on natural resources and environment. Sustainable management of urban environment requires collective efforts of Central and State Government.

According to the report  titled 'Status of Water Supply, Wastewater Generation and Treatment  in  Class-I  Cities  &  Class-II  Towns  of  India'  published  by  Central  Pollution Control Board (CPCB)  out of 38254 MLD of sewage generated by class I cities and class II towns,  only  11787  MLD  was    treated.  CPCB  reassessed  sewage  generation  and  treatment capacity  for  urban  population  of  India  for  the  year  2015.  Estimated  sewage  generation was61948  MLD  approximately  and  sewage  treatment  capacity  developed  so  far  was  only 23277 MLD.Sewage generation for 46 million plus cities is estimated to 33099 MLD. The water  quality  of  recipient  water  bodies  in  the  catchment  of  each  million  plus  city  are deteriorating. Brief status depicting sewage generation, treatment capacity and water quality status is attached at Annexure-I.

CPCB  had  conducted  a  study  on  comprehensive  environmental  assessment  for  88 industrial areas across the country during 2009-10 and rated these industrial areas on concept of  Comprehensive  Environmental  Pollution  Index  (CEPI).  Out  of  88  industrial  areas,  43 industrial areas with CEPI score 70 and above were identified as Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs). State-wise details of CPAs are provided at the Annexure II.

(c) Ministry  of  Environment,  Forest  and  Climate  Change  (MoEF&CC),  had  imposed temporary moratorium on consideration of new projects /expansion of existing projects for environmental  clearance  in  43  Critically  Polluted  Areas,  vide  Office  Memorandum,  dated 13.01.2010. As per the direction of MoEF&CC, remedial Action Plans were formulated by concerned State Pollution Control Boards for the CPAs falling under their jurisdiction. The progress made in the implementation of these action plans were periodically reviewed by the Local  Committees  and  it  is  noted  that  the  effective  implementation  of  these  action  plans helped in the restoration of environmental quality of these 43 areas.  Based on progress in implementation  of  action  plan  moratorium  has  been  lifted.  The  areas  where  there  was  no improvement in the environmental quality, the moratorium continued.    MoEF&CC alsodevised  a  'Mechanism  for  environmental  management  in  critically/severely  polluted areas (CPAs/SPAs) for consideration of projects listed as Red/Orange categories'. Protocols to be followed by the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) /Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) for improvement of environmental quality in the Critically/Severely Polluted Areas (CPAs/SPAs) are provided. Stringent emission and effluent discharge have been stipulated for improvement of environmental quality. For consideration of new proposals and expansion activities list in red and orange category located in the CPAs/SPAs stringent conditions have been  recommended.  Any  project  or  activity  in  Category  'B1'  are  being  appraised  at  the Central  Level,  if  located  in  whole  or  in  part  with  in  5  km  from  the  boundary  of  CPAs  or SPAs. Proposals located in CPAs and SPAs are examined by the sectoral Expert Appraisal Committee  (EAC)  during  scoping/appraisal  based  on  the  EPI  scores  of  Air/Water/Land Environment published by CPCB from time to time. In such proposals, appropriate mitigation measures for environment possessing higher CEPI score are made by EAC in the form of recommendations/decision. These recommendations are explicitly mentioned in the Terms of Reference/Environmental Clearance letter and are ensured  by  the  Member  Secretary concerned.

*****

## Annexure I referred in reply to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3014 due for answer on 06/12/ 2019 regarding 'Impact Urbanization on Environment'

## STATE - WISE SEWAGE GENERATION AND TREATMENT CAPACITY OF METROPOLITAN CITIES

| Sl. No                      |    State |   Population Class -I cities | Sewage Generation (in MLD)   |   Sewage Treatment Capacity (in MLD) | No. of Sewage Treatment Plants   | River Name   |   BOD range |
|-----------------------------|----------|------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------------------|--------------|-------------|
| Agra(M Corp.)               |  1738737 |                          381 | 220.75                       |                                   09 | Yamuna                           | 3.8-41       |           1 |
| Ahmadabad(M Corp.)          |  7303277 |                         1599 | 1283                         |                                   11 | Sabarmati                        | 4.0-46       |           2 |
| Allahabad(M Corp.)          |  1248410 |                          273 | 254                          |                                   06 | Ganga                            | 3.8-16.9     |           3 |
| Amritsar(M Corp.)           |  1242040 |                          272 | -                            |                                   03 | -                                | -            |           4 |
| Aurangabad(M Corp.)         |  1352332 |                          296 | 11.5                         |                                   02 | Kham                             | -            |           5 |
| Bengaluru (M Corp.)         |  9965309 |                         2182 | 721                          |                                   16 | Lakes                            | -            |           6 |
| Bhopal(M Corp.)             |  1968680 |                          431 | 80.48                        |                                   07 | Upper Lake                       | -            |           7 |
| Chennai(M Corp.)            |  5155687 |                         1129 | 608                          |                                   09 | Kosasthalaiyar                   | -            |           8 |
| Coimbatore                  |  1106433 |                          242 | 185.03                       |                                   05 | -                                | -            |           9 |
| Delhi                       | 20086422 |                         4399 | 2693.7                       |                                   40 | Yamuna                           | 39-113       |          10 |
| Dhanbad (M Corp.)           |  2355537 |                          516 | -                            |                                   00 | Damodar                          | 7.1          |          11 |
| Faridabad (M Corp.)         |  1589672 |                          348 | 140                          |                                   05 | Yamuna                           |              |          12 |
| Ghaziabad                   |  2038511 |                          446 | 371                          |                                   07 | Hindon                           | 24-80        |          13 |
| Gwalior (M Corp.)           |  1184893 |                          259 | 50                           |                                   01 | Tighara Reservoir                | -            |          14 |
| Habra(M)                    |  1966384 |                          431 | 75                           |                                   01 | -                                | -            |          15 |
| Greater Hyderabad (M Corp.) |  3899838 |                          854 | 657.3                        |                                   13 | Musi                             | 8.6-165      |          16 |
| Indore (M Corp.)            |  2055721 |                          450 | 90                           |                                   02 | Pipliyapala Lake                 | -            |          17 |
| Jabalpur (M Corp.)          |  1138581 |                          249 | 150                          |                                   01 | Narmada                          | 3.3-7.9      |          18 |

| Sl. No                            |    State |   Population Class -I cities | Sewage Generation (in MLD)   |   Sewage Treatment Capacity (in MLD) | No. of Sewage Treatment Plants   | River Name           | BOD range   |
|-----------------------------------|----------|------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------|-------------|
| Jaipur (M Corp.)                  |  3393996 |                          743 | 269                          |                                   12 | -                                | -                    | 19.         |
| Jodhpur (M Corp.)                 |  1154053 |                          253 | 120                          |                                   02 | Jojari                           | -                    | 20.         |
| 21. Kalyandombivali               |  1403878 |                          307 | 153                          |                                   08 |                                  | Ulhas                | 3.8-5.0     |
| 22. Kanpur(M Corp.)               |  2867923 |                          628 | 440                          |                                   06 | Ganga                            |                      | 3.8-16.9    |
| Kolkata(M Corp.)                  | 15802272 |                         3461 | 328.2                        |                                   00 | Hoogly                           | 3.1-5.8              | 23.         |
| Kota(M Corp.)                     |  1158824 |                          254 | 56                           |                                   03 |                                  | Chambal 3.5-4.1      | 24.         |
| 25. Lucknow(M Corp.)              |  3105918 |                          680 | 779                          |                                   00 | Gomti                            |                      | 3.7-11      |
| 26. Ludhiyana(M Corp.)            |  1718219 |                          376 | 466                          |                                   05 | Satluj                           |                      | 3.5-27      |
| 27. Madurai(M Corp.)              |  1058356 |                          232 | 170.7                        |                                   02 | Valgai                           | -                    |             |
| Meerut(M Corp.)                   |  1411377 |                          309 | 88                           |                                   12 | Hindon                           | Kalinadi 24-80 4-369 | 28.         |
| 29. Greater Mumbai(M Corp.)       | 12657766 |                         2772 | 2600.9                       |                                   08 | Mithi                            |                      | 170         |
| 30. Nagpur(M Corp.)               |  2564372 |                          562 | 100                          |                                   01 | Chandrabhaga                     |                      | 8.4-10.6    |
| 31. Nashik(M Corp.)               |  1690172 |                          370 | 200.5                        |                                   06 | Godavari                         |                      | 4.0-40      |
| 32. Navi Mumbai Panvel Raigad(CT) |  3191541 |                          699 | 596                          |                                   10 | Panvel Creek                     |                      | -           |
| 33. Patna(M Corp.)                |  1825999 |                          400 | 113.5                        |                                   04 | Ganga                            |                      | 7.8-27      |
| 34. Pimpri Chinchwad              |  1944533 |                          426 | 338                          |                                   13 | Pawana (Pawna)                   |                      | 6.5-20      |
| 35. Pune(M Corp.)                 |  3393966 |                          743 | 362                          |                                   08 | Mula-Mutha                       | 16                   |             |
| 36. Raipur(M Corp.)               |  1269226 |                          278 | -                            |                                   00 | Kharun                           |                      | 3.4         |
| Rajkot(M Corp.)                   |  1500477 |                          329 | 189                          |                                   04 | Lalpari&Aji                      | -                    | 37.         |
| 38. Ranchi(M Corp.)               |  1180245 |                          258 | -                            |                                   00 | Subarnarekha                     |                      | 3.2-8.0     |

| Sl. No                    | State   |   Population Class -I cities | Sewage Generation (in MLD)   |   Sewage Treatment Capacity (in MLD) | No. of Sewage Treatment Plants   | River Name   | BOD range   |
|---------------------------|---------|------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------------------|--------------|-------------|
| Srinagar(M Corp.)         | 1388790 |                          304 | 194.24                       |                                 13   | Jhelum                           | 4.0-7.0      | 39.         |
| Surat(M Cop.)             | 5756447 |                         1261 | 847.5                        |                                 12   | Tapi                             | 3.1-9.0      | 40.         |
| Thane                     | 2072611 |                          454 | 283.5                        |                                  3   | Ulhas                            | 3.8-5.0      | 41.         |
| Vadodara(M Corp.)         | 1970778 |                          432 | 276.5                        |                                  7   | Mahi                             | 3.1-8.0      | 42.         |
| Varanasi                  | 1216188 |                          266 | 101.8                        |                                  3   | Ganga                            | 3.8-16.9     | 43.         |
| Vasai Virar City(M Corp.) | 2663881 |                          583 | -                            |                                  0   | Sopara Creek (Pelhar Lake)       | -            | 44.         |
| Vijayawada(M Corp.)       | 2484388 |                          544 | 101.27                       |                                  5   | Krishna                          | 3.5-5.3      | 45.         |
| Visakhapatnam             | 1909764 |                          418 | 86                           |                                  4   | MeghadriGedda Reservoir          | -            | 46.         |
| Total                     | Total   |                    151152424 | 33099                        |                              16851.4 | 289                              |              |             |

## Annexure II referred in reply to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3014 due for answer on 06/12/ 2019 regarding 'Impact Urbanization on Environment'

State-wise distribution of 43 critically polluted areas during 2009-10

|   Sr.No | Name of State    | Critically Polluted Area                                              |
|---------|------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
|       1 | AndhraPradesh    | Vishakhapatnam                                                        |
|       2 | Bihar            | --                                                                    |
|       3 | Chhattisgarh     | Korba                                                                 |
|       4 | Delhi            | Najafgarh-Drain basin including Anand Parbat, Naraina, Okhla,Wazirpur |
|       5 | Gujarat          | Ankleshwar, Vapi,Ahmedabad, Vatva, Bhavnagar,Junagarh                 |
|       6 | Haryana          | Faridabad, Panipat                                                    |
|       7 | Himachal Pradesh | --                                                                    |
|       8 | Jharkhand        | Dhanbad                                                               |
|       9 | Karnataka        | Mangalore, Bhadravati                                                 |
|      10 | Kerala           | Greater Kochin                                                        |
|      11 | Madhya Pradesh   | lndore                                                                |
|      12 | Maharashtra      | Chandrapur, Dombivalli Aurangabad, Navi Mumbai , Tarapur              |
|      13 | Odisha           | Angul Talcha, ,Ib-Valley, Jharsugula                                  |
|      14 | Punjab           | Ludhiana, MandiGovindgarh                                             |
|      15 | Rajasthan        | Bhiwadi, Jodhpiir , Pali                                              |
|      16 | Tamil Nadu       | Vellore -North Arrot, Cuddalore ,Mariali , Coimbatore                 |
|      17 | Telangana        | Patancheni-Bollaram                                                   |
|      18 | Uttar Pradesh    | Ghaziabad, Singrauli, Noida, Kanpur , Agra , Varanasi- Mirjapur       |
|      19 | Uttarakhand      | --                                                                    |
|      20 | West Bengal      | Haldia, Howrah, Asansole                                              |