Lok Sabha Question No. 1124 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2020-02-07
Subject: Global Warming
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: Baidyanath Prasad Mahto

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1124

TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2020

## Global Warming

## 1124. SHRI BAIDYANATH PRASAD MAHTO:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE  be pleased to state:

- (a) whether global warming has increased in the last decade of 20th Century and first decade of 21st Century;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government is aware of studies by scientists that have highlighted that natural  resources  are  being  exploited  and  glaciers  are  melting  and  water  level  of oceans is increasing as a result of global warming;
- (d) if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) the corrective measures taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI BABUL SUPRIYO)

- (a) and (b) As per the World Meteorological Organization, the global mean temperature for 2018  was  estimated  to  be  0.99  ±  0.13  °C  above  the  pre-industrial  levels  (1850-1900). According  to  the  Annual  Climate  Summary  2018  published  by  India  Meteorological Department  (IMD),  during  1901-2018  the  annual  mean  temperature  showed  an  increasing trend  of  0.60°C/100  years  with  significant  increasing  trend  in  the  maximum  temperature (1.0°C /100 years) and relatively lower increasing trend (0.20°C/100 years) in the minimum temperature.

(c)  and  (d) According  to  the  Fifth  Assessment  Report  of  the  Intergovernmental  Panel  on Climate Change (IPCC), the anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since the preindustrial era have driven large increases in their atmospheric concentrations. According to the  Special  Report  on  'The  Ocean  and  Cryosphere  in  a  Changing  Climate'  released  in September 2019 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) is rising, with acceleration in recent decades due to increasing rates of ice loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, as well as continued glacier mass loss and ocean thermal expansion. Total GMSL rise for 1902-2015 is 0.16 m (likely range 0.12-0.21 m). The rate of GMSL rise for 2006-2015 of 3.6 mm per year was about 2.5 times the rate for 1901-1990  of  1.4  mm  per  year.  On  an  average,  the  sea  level  along  the  Indian  coast  is considered to be rising at about 1.70 mm/year meaning thereby that during the past 50 years, the sea level along the Indian coasts has risen by 8.5 cm.

(e) India  is  a  Party  to  the  United  Nations  Framework  Convention  on  Climate  Change (UNFCCC), its Kyoto Protocol (KP) and Paris Agreement (PA). For addressing the challenge of  climate  change,  India  adheres  to  the  paramountcy  of  the  UNFCCC  processes.  It  has proactively contributed to multilateral efforts to combat climate change and continues to do so  while  undertaking  its  own  independent,  enhanced  initiatives  in  climate  mitigation  and adaptation  besides  meeting  all  its  commitments  under  the  UNFCCC,  its  KP  and  PA. Independent  studies  rate  India's  efforts  highly  and  compliant  with  the  requirements  under these instruments.

The Government is implementing National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) which comprises eight missions in specific areas of solar energy, energy efficiency, water, agriculture, Himalayan ecosystem, sustainable habitat, green India and strategic knowledge on  climate  change.  NAPCC  provides  an  overarching  framework  for  all  climate  actions. Thirty-three States/Union Territories (UTs) have prepared their State Action Plan on Climate Change  in  line  with  NAPCC  taking  into  account  State's/UT's  specific  issues  relating  to climate  change.  Under  the  Paris  Agreement,  India  has  submitted  Nationally  Determined Contributions  (NDC)  with  target  to  reduce  the  emissions  intensity  of  its  Gross  Domestic Product (GDP) by 33 to 35 % by 2030 from 2005 level, to achieve about 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030, and to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tones of CO2eq through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.

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