Lok Sabha Question No. 108 (STARRED), answered on 2019-02-11
Subject: Enrolment Rate in Schools
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: B.V. NAYAK, RANJANBEN BHATT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION& LITERACY

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.*108 TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.02.2019

## ENROLMENT RATE IN SCHOOLS

*108. SHRI B. V. NAIK: SHRIMATI RANJANBEN BHATT:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)  the  details  of  the  latest/current  school  enrolment  rate  of  girls  at  primary  level  and  the States that have made a significant progress in this regard during the last three years;
- (b)  the  current  school  enrolment  rate  of  girls  at  secondary  level  along  with  the  States  that have been continuously lagging behind in increasing the percentage of girls enrolment in secondary schools;
- (c)  the school drop out rate among girls and boys at secondary level in the country, State/UTwise;
- (d)  whether the enrolment of girls in schools has increased in the country as a result of the efforts made by the Government  and if so, the details thereof; and
- (e)  whether  the  Government  is  considering  to  make  more  concrete  efforts  to  promote education among girls in the country and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reason therefor?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

## (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

(a), (b), (c), (d) & (e): A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (e) OF LOK SABHA STARRED  QUESTION  NO.*108  TO  BE  ANSWRED  ON  11.02.2019  ASKED  BY SHRI B. V. NAIK: SHRIMATI RANJANBEN BHATT: REGARDING 'ENROLMENT RATE IN SCHOOLS'.

(a) to (d): As per Unified District Information System (U-DISE) data, Gross Enrolment Rate of girls at Primary and Secondary level of education for the year 2016-17 is as under:

| Years   | Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of Girls (All India)   | Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of Girls (All India)   |
|---------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| Years   | Primary Level                                     | Secondary Level                                   |
| 2016-17 | 96.35                                             | 80.29                                             |

Source: U-DISE - 2016-17

State-wise  and  Year-wise  Gross  Enrolment  Rate  (GER)  of  girls  at  Primary  and Secondary level of education for last three years is at Annexure - I. State-wise Dropout Rate among girls and boys at Secondary level of education is at Annexure - II.

The Gender Parity Index (GPI) which compares Enrolment Rate of girls to Enrolment Rate of boys has increased at all levels of education from 2013-14 to 2016-17 as in the table below:

|       | Gender Parity Index (GPI) - All India   | Gender Parity Index (GPI) - All India   | Gender Parity Index (GPI) - All India   | Gender Parity Index (GPI) - All India   |
|-------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| Years | Primary                                 | Upper Primary                           | Secondary                               | Higher Secondary                        |
| 0.93  | 0.95                                    | 0.90                                    | 0.89                                    | 2013-14                                 |
| 1.02  | 1.10                                    | 1.02                                    | 1.02                                    | 2016-17                                 |

(e) The Department of School Education and Literacy has launched the Samagra Shiksha - an Integrated  Scheme  for  School  Education  as  a  Centrally  Sponsored  Scheme  from  the  year 2018-19.  This  programme  subsumes  the  three  erstwhile  Centrally  Sponsored  Schemes namely Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher  Education  (TE).  It  is  an  overarching  programme  for  the  school  education  sector extending  from  pre-school  to  class  XII  and  aims  to  ensure  inclusive  and  equitable  quality education  at  all  levels  of  school  education.    The  major  interventions,  across  all  levels  of school  education,  under  the  scheme  are:  (i)  Universal  Access  including  Infrastructure Development and Retention; (ii) Gender and Equity; (iii) Inclusive Education; (iv) Quality; (v) Financial support for Teacher Salary;  (vi) Digital initiatives; (vii) Entitlements under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 including uniforms, textbooks etc.;(viii) Pre-school Education; (ix) Vocational Education; (x) Sports and Physical Education; and (xi) Strengthening of Teacher Education and Training.

1. Targeted interventions for education of girl children under Samagra Shiksha include,
- i. Opening of new schools/ upgradation of existing schools to improve universal access and strengthening of existing schools at all levels of school education
- ii. Provision of free text-books and uniforms to all girl students at the elementary level
- iii. Approval  of  state  specific  projects  for  various  interventions  for  enhancing  access, retention and quality by promoting enrolment drives, retention & motivation camps etc
- iv. The Government of India launched the Swachh Vidyalaya Initiative in collaboration with State/UT Governments, Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and Private Corporates  for  provision  of  separate  toilets  for  girls  and  boys  in  all  government schools.  Under this initiative, 4.17 lakh toilets including 1.91 lakh girls toilets were constructed/made functional in 2.61 lakh government schools in one year period up to 15 th August, 2015.  This included schools in the most difficult to reach areas in the country  such  as  districts  facing  Left  Wing  Extremism  (LWE),  forests,  remote mountainous terrain and crowded slums.
- v. The orientation of   teachers and teacher educators for promoting girls education and on    gender  issues  in  education  has  been  an  important  mandate  of  the  Department. Capacity building programmes are organised regularly for teacher educators, teachers, administrators, key resource persons and other functionaries on gender sensitisation. To strengthen the training programmes, 'Training material for teacher educators and teachers on Gender Equality and Empowerment' has been developed by NCERT.
- vi. The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 prioritizes gender as an important guiding principle in all curricular areas and stipulates that gender be an integral part of all  disciplines  offered  to  children  at  school  stage.  Gender  concerns  have  been integrated in the curriculum and in the textbooks drawn up by the National Council of Education Research & Training (NCERT).  NCERT has developed tools for textbooks evaluation from the perspective of gender basis & stereotypes in English, Hindi, Urdu and Sanskrit and for classroom observation from gender perspective and conducted gender audit of textbooks  at  Elementary Stage.
- vii. Self-defence  training  is  provided  for  inculcating  self-defence  skills  including  life skills for self-protection and self-development among the girls from classes VI to XII.

For self-defence training for girls, provision has been made for support of upto Rs. 3000 per month for 3 months per school for 211416 number of government schools.

- viii. The Integrated Scheme on School Education aims to look at education of all children including  children  with  Special  Needs  (CwSN)  in  a  continuum  from  preschool  to class XII. Girls with disabilities will receive special focus and efforts would be made under  the  scheme  to  help    them    gain    access    to    schools,    as    also    to    provide motivation  and  guidance  for  developing  their potential. A provision has been made for  payment  of  stipend  for  CWSN  girls  studying  in  class  I  to  XII  @  Rs.  200  per month  for  10  months.  Earlier  this  was  available  only  for  class  IX  to  XII.  21  lakh children with special needs from class I to XII have been covered in the year 2018-19.

## ix. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)

Kasturba  Gandhi  Balika  Vidyalayas  (KGBVs)  were  sanctioned  under  the  erstwhile Sarva Shikha Abhiyan (SSA) as residential schools at upper primary level for girls belonging  to  disadvantaged  groups  such  as  SC,  ST,  OBC,  Minority  and  Below Poverty Line (BPL).  The Girls Hostel Component of erstwhile Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan(RMSA) which was operational till the year 2017-18 provided hostel facility for girl students in the age group of 14-18 years, studying in classes IX to XII and  belonging  to  SC,  ST,  OBC,  Minority  communities  and  Below  Poverty  Line families.  The  KGBVs  are  set  up  in  Educationally  Backward  Blocks  (EBBs)  of  a State/UT  where  the  female  rural  literacy  rate  is  below  the  national  average  as  per Census 2001.

Under the newly launched Integrated Scheme of School Education-Samagra Shiksha, effective  from  the  year  2018-19,  provision  has  been  made  to  upgrade  the  existing KGBVs at upper primary level to upto senior secondary level, to provide access and quality  education  to  girls   from   disadvantaged   groups   and  to  ensure  smooth transition  of  girls  from  elementary  to  secondary  and  up  to  class  XII  wherever possible.5970 KGBVs  have  been  sanctioned enrolling 5.89 lakh girls as on 31.12.2018, out of which 1232 KGBVs have been upgraded to class X/XII in 201819, under Samagra Shiksha.

## 2. National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE)

The centrally sponsored 'National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE)'  aims  to  establish  an  enabling  environment  to  reduce  the  drop  outs  and  to promote the enrolment of girl child belonging to SC/ST communities in secondary schools and  ensure  their  retention  up  to  the  18  years  of  age.  The  scheme  covers  (i)  all  girls belonging to SC/ST communities who pass class VIII and (ii) all girls who pass class VIII examination  from  Kasturba  Gandhi  Balika  Vidyalayas  (irrespective  of  whether  they belong to SC/ ST) and enroll in class IX in State/ UT Government, Government-aided and Local Body schools. According to the scheme, a sum of Rs.3000/- is deposited in the name of eligible unmarried girls as fixed deposit on enrolment in class IX, who are entitled to withdraw it along with interest thereon reaching on 18 years of age and passing class 10th examination. Under the scheme, 548396 beneficiaries got benefitted in the year 2018-19.

3. Further, all Girl students from class I - XII are exempt from paying tuition fee in Kendriya Vidyalayas. 33% of seats are reserved for girls in Navodaya Vidyalayas. All girl students of Navodaya Vidalayas are exempted from paying Vidhyalaya Vikas Nidhi (VVN).

The  Central  Government  has  taken  several  other  initiatives  to  improve  the  standard  of education in the country which are as follows:

1.        In order to focus on quality education, the Central rules to the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act have been amended to include reference on classwise, subject-wise Learning Outcomes. The Learning Outcomes for each class in Languages (Hindi, English and Urdu), Mathematics, Environmental Studies, Science and Social Science up to the elementary stage have, accordingly, been finalized and shared with all States and UTs. These  serve as a guideline for State/UTs to ensure that all children acquire appropriate learning level.

2. The  National  Council  of  Educational  Research  and  Training  (NCERT)  conducts periodic national surveys of learning achievement of children in classes III, V, VIII and X. Four rounds of National Achievement Survey (NAS) have been conducted so far for class V and three rounds for classes III & VIII. These reveal improvement in learning achievement levels of pupils, in identified subjects from first round to fourth round.  Further, a National Achievement Survey based on learning outcomes  was conducted for Classes III, V and VIII on  13th  November,  2017  with  a  sample  frame  upto  district  level  to  enable  states/UTs  to identify gaps in learning outcomes at district level and design strategies to address those gaps. Similarly,  NAS  for  Class  X  was  conducted  on  5 th February,  2018.    NAS  Reports  show students'  learning  levels  against  the  expected  learning  outcomes  of  a  particular  grade  and are used to provide feedback to the districts for further improvement.   The District Report Cards  for  the  survey  have  been  published  and  also  shared  with  the  Hon'ble  Members  of

Parliament. Based on the evidence gathered from the survey of 2.2 million students during the NAS conducted in 2017, and the subsequent targeted interventions by NCERT in a pilot survey  for  creating  a  framework  to  improve  learning  outcomes,  it  has  been  decided  to conduct  a  School  Based  Assessment  (SBA)  in  2019,  as  a  qualitative  and  non-threatening evaluation  process  of  the  students  by  the  respective  schools.  These  quantitative  and qualitative evaluation techniques, in tandem with the external evaluation, are crucial to ensure that the desired learning outcomes are reached.  Both these evaluations are therefore essential and form a logical continuum.

3. Section 23(2) of the RTE Act has been amended to extend the period of in-service training for untrained elementary teachers to 31st March, 2019 in all the States and UTs. As per  the  above  amendment,  all  untrained  in-service  teachers  working  in  Government, Government- aided, and Private un-aided schools should acquire minimum qualification as laid down by an academic authority, authorized by the Central Government, by 31st March, 2019. The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) has been entrusted to conduct this training through ODL (Open Distance Learning) mode. More than 13.7 lakh teachers have joined these courses.

4.     The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2018 has been  notified  on  11 th January,  2019.  The  said  Act  provides  to  empower  the  appropriate Government to take a decision as to whether to hold back a child in the 5 th class or in the 8 th class  or  in  both  classes,  or  not  to  hold  back  a  child  in  any  class  till  the  completion  of elementary education.  The Act seeks to improve the learning levels of children and will lead to greater accountability and improvement in the quality of education.

5. Government of India has decided to  participate in the Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) to be conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2021. PISA is a competency based assessment which unlike content-based assessment, measures  the extent to which  students have  acquired  key competencies  that  are  essential  for  full  participation  in  modern  societies.    Learnings  from participation in PISA  help to introduce competency based examination reforms in the school system  and  help  move  away  from  rote  learning.  The  CBSE  and  NCERT  are    part  of  the process and activities leading to the actual test.

6. Rangotsav  is  an  initiative  of  the  Ministry  aimed  towards  promoted  experiential learning.  The  events  were  held  from  7 th to  21 st December,  2018  in    schools,  with participation  of  students,  teachers  and  other  stake  holders.  Rangotsav  was    focussed    on creating a non-judgmental platform for the participants to explore and express their artistic minds through dance, music, theatre, painting craft making etc

## 7. Performance Grading Index (PGI)

In  order  to  objectively  evaluate  the  performance  of  the  school  education  system  in  the States/UTs, MHRD has designed a 70 indicators based matrix to grade the States/UTs.  The indicators  have  been  chosen  after  detailed  stakeholder  consultation  and  the  information  on these indicators is drawn from the inputs provided by the respective States/UTs.  This grading system will assist  the  States and  UTs  to identify the gaps  and  design appropriate evidence based interventions to bridge them.

## 8. UDISE+ (UDISE plus)

Timely and accurate data is the basis of sound and effective planning and decision making. Towards  this  end,  the  establishment  of  a  well-functioning  and  sustainable  Educational Management Information System is of utmost importance today. Therefore from 2018-19, it has been decided to launch the UDISE+  application, so that it becomes an effective tool for decision making. The entire system will be online and will gradually move towards collecting real time data.

## 9. Project DIKSHA

In order to provide supplementary learning material for students and for upgrading the skills of teachers, MHRD has developed a dedicated Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing (DIKSHA)  platform.    High  quality  e-learning  material  both  for  students  and  teachers  are being  uploaded  by  Ministry  and  States  and  UTs  on  this  portal.    This  is  expected  to substantially augment the knowledge base of the students and technical skills of teachers at no additional cost.

10.  Operation  Digital  Board  (ODB)  is  an  initiative  to  provide  a  smart  class  room  to  all 1,01,580  government  schools    from  9 th to  12 th standard.  This  will  enable  the  students  to receive lectures from the best teacher and access high quality e-content which will enhance the overall learning process and experience of the students.

11. The Central Board of Secondary Education( CBSE) has undertaken various examination reforms for 2019 examination to promote competencies and quality of learning as follows:

- i. Introduction of 2 levels of Maths for class X from 2020.
- ii. Change in design of question papers with nearly 33% increase in internal choice in all major subjects for classes X and XII and introduction of objective type questions.
3. iii . In  order  to  promote  life  skills  and  value  education,  CBSE  has  integrated  health  and physical education with academics, as every school has to provide one period per day for sports.
12.   Curriculum Review

The NCERT has undertaken review of Syllabi and Textbooks developed by the NCERT as a follow  up  of  the  National  Curriculum  Framework-2005  in  2017-18.  All  the  textbooks  of NCERT developed  as  a  follow-up  of  the  NCF-2005  have  been  reviewed  for  updating.  A portal  for  teachers'  suggestions  on  the  NCERT  textbooks  was  created.  Around  1  lakh suggestions were received. These were analysed and incorporated where found appropriate. Further, national initiatives such as Clean India, Digital India, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, etc., have also been given space in the reviewed textbooks in integrated manner.

*****

Annexure referred to in reply of part (a) to (d) of LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.  *108  for  11.02.2019  by  SHRI  B.  V.  NAIK:  SHRIMATI  RANJANBEN  BHATT: regarding 'Enrolment Rate in Schools'.

Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of Girls for the years 2014-15, 2015-16 & 2016-17

| State/UTs                | Primary   | Primary   | Primary   | Secondary   | Secondary   | Secondary   |
|--------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| State/UTs                | 2014-15   | 2015-16   | 2016-17   | 2014-15     | 2015-16     | 2016-17     |
| Andaman &Nicobar Islands | 91.41     | 88.11     | 84.7      | 89.21       | 85.54       | 81.27       |
| Andhra Pradesh           | 89.3      | 83.38     | 80.69     | 74.25       | 75.02       | 76.93       |
| Arunachal Pradesh        | 127.15    | 125.58    | 104.75    | 80.53       | 84.71       | 84.67       |
| Assam                    | 116.05    | 107.07    | 108.73    | 79.22       | 81.85       | 84.14       |
| Bihar                    | 103.19    | 110.06    | 101.78    | 72.69       | 84.34       | 84.57       |
| Chandigarh               | 94.61     | 88.69     | 84.92     | 90.06       | 91.98       | 92.98       |
| Chhattisgarh             | 102.44    | 99.46     | 96.87     | 93.57       | 94.12       | 90.42       |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | 80.93     | 81.08     | 80.21     | 86.90       | 86.04       | 88.24       |
| Daman &Diu               | 89.98     | 88.23     | 88.26     | 86.03       | 84.52       | 83.16       |
| Delhi                    | 116.13    | 115.43    | 112.75    | 102.82      | 110.31      | 121.05      |
| Goa                      | 106.34    | 104.84    | 102.74    | 106.03      | 105.77      | 99.78       |
| Gujarat                  | 99.39     | 98.44     | 97.11     | 66.02       | 66.27       | 68.04       |
| Haryana                  | 99.46     | 93.07     | 94.93     | 80.50       | 83.18       | 86.73       |
| Himachal Pradesh         | 99.8      | 99.09     | 98.77     | 106.37      | 104.00      | 103.37      |
| Jammu And Kashmir        | 87.34     | 87.58     | 77.57     | 63.76       | 64.95       | 60.28       |
| Jharkhand                | 107.95    | 108.79    | 96.16     | 73.27       | 75.67       | 66.79       |
| Karnataka                | 101.25    | 102.45    | 103.21    | 81.39       | 82.95       | 84.92       |
| Kerala                   | 94.69     | 95.12     | 95.14     | 101.94      | 101.93      | 99.56       |
| Lakshadweep              | 76.12     | 71.63     | 65.95     | 130.97      | 104.55      | 99.13       |
| Madhya Pradesh           | 100.08    | 93.4      | 91.54     | 78.51       | 79.06       | 79.27       |
| Maharashtra              | 99.02     | 97.73     | 97.2      | 86.50       | 86.96       | 89.41       |
| Manipur                  | 136.05    | 132.58    | 120.49    | 85.57       | 89.49       | 86.49       |
| Meghalaya                | 140.35    | 142.77    | 129.89    | 82.91       | 90.87       | 89.92       |
| Mizoram                  | 120.15    | 120.7     | 113.54    | 101.21      | 107.23      | 98.01       |
| Nagaland                 | 101.67    | 100.72    | 82.59     | 62.74       | 72.13       | 64.87       |
| Odisha                   | 103.1     | 101.49    | 99.02     | 75.17       | 78.38       | 79.67       |
| Puducherry               | 94.24     | 91.13     | 90.33     | 103.86      | 96.27       | 92.88       |
| Punjab                   | 107.31    | 104.04    | 102.1     | 83.64       | 85.44       | 87.30       |
| Rajasthan                | 97.03     | 99.19     | 97.09     | 67.29       | 69.41       | 71.82       |
| Sikkim                   | 107.8     | 98.09     | 87.65     | 111.36      | 122.02      | 117.43      |
| Tamil Nadu               | 102.57    | 103.54    | 102.03    | 92.78       | 95.24       | 96.71       |
| Telangana                | 99.78     | 102.07    | 98.09     | 79.89       | 82.83       | 83.22       |
| Tripura                  | 110.22    | 108.09    | 102.85    | 116.69      | 116.96      | 115.20      |
| Uttar Pradesh            | 99.74     | 96.94     | 90.85     | 66.71       | 67.55       | 66.72       |
| Uttarakhand              | 101.58    | 100.32    | 96.57     | 87.37       | 85.25       | 84.93       |
| West Bengal              | 101.13    | 102.45    | 96.06     | 83.93       | 90.60       | 88.24       |

Source: U-DISE

Annexure referred to in reply of part (a) to (d) of LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.  *108  for  11.02.2019  by  SHRI  B.  V.  NAIK:  SHRIMATI  RANJANBEN  BHATT: regarding 'Enrolment Rate in Schools'.

Dropout Rate among Boys & Girls at Secondary level for the year 2016-17

| State/UTs                | Boys   | Girls   | Total   |
|--------------------------|--------|---------|---------|
| Andaman &Nicobar Islands | 7.89   | 6.80    | 7.36    |
| Andhra Pradesh           | NE     | NE      | NE      |
| Arunachal Pradesh        | 31.63  | 28.11   | 29.93   |
| Assam                    | 26.38  | 28.75   | 27.60   |
| Bihar                    | 38.49  | 40.98   | 39.73   |
| Chandigarh               | -      | -       | -       |
| Chhattisgarh             | 26.11  | 22.39   | 24.23   |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | 28.05  | 27.85   | 27.96   |
| Daman &Diu               | 21.60  | 17.07   | 19.52   |
| Delhi                    | 12.63  | 8.59    | 10.75   |
| Goa                      | 18.73  | 12.99   | 16.01   |
| Gujarat                  | 25.60  | 21.91   | 24.08   |
| Haryana                  | 12.07  | 12.28   | 12.16   |
| Himachal Pradesh         | 7.65   | 6.32    | 7.03    |
| Jammu And Kashmir        | 23.32  | 25.53   | 24.35   |
| Jharkhand                | 36.17  | 37.12   | 36.64   |
| Karnataka                | NE     | NE      | NE      |
| Kerala                   | 15.59  | 9.78    | 12.77   |
| Lakshadweep              | 5.68   | 5.91    | 5.80    |
| Madhya Pradesh           | 23.70  | 23.83   | 23.76   |
| Maharashtra              | 11.43  | 11.10   | 11.28   |
| Manipur                  | 21.14  | 20.96   | 21.05   |
| Meghalaya                | 28.33  | 27.85   | 28.07   |
| Mizoram                  | 32.47  | 28.87   | 30.67   |
| Nagaland                 | 31.51  | 31.04   | 31.28   |
| Odisha                   | 28.90  | 28.83   | 28.87   |
| Puducherry               | 15.72  | 9.42    | 12.65   |
| Punjab                   | 9.14   | 7.88    | 8.60    |
| Rajasthan                | 15.14  | 15.25   | 15.19   |
| Sikkim                   | 25.73  | 22.70   | 24.15   |
| Tamil Nadu               | 13.65  | 6.26    | 10.03   |
| Telangana                | 23.45  | 21.50   | 22.49   |
| Tripura                  | 29.20  | 30.32   | 29.76   |
| Uttar Pradesh            | 12.54  | 12.90   | 12.71   |
| Uttarakhand              | 9.94   | 8.15    | 9.09    |
| West Bengal              | 26.53  | 27.27   | 26.93   |

Source: UDISE

NE denotes Not Estimated

Note: Negative dropout rate have not been reported