Lok Sabha Question No. 3355 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2021-03-16
Subject: Migration to Cities
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Harish Dwivedi

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3355 ANSWERED ON 16.03.2021

## MIGRATION TO CITIES

## 3355.   SHRI HARISH DWIVEDI:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of various schemes being run by the Government to check migration from the villages to cities;
- (b) whether the rate of migration from the villages to cities has declined in the last several years; and
- (c) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) The  Ministry  addresses  the  issue  of  migration  from  villages  to  cities  through  a  multidimensional approach by creating avenues for employment and livelihood living in the villages. In  this  regard,  the  Government  is  implementing  various  schemes/  programmes  to  bring  about overall  improvement  in  the  quality  of  life  of  the  people  in  rural  areas  through  employment generation,  strengthening  of  livelihood  opportunities,  promoting  self-employment,  skilling  of rural  youths,  provision  of  social  assistance  and  other  basic  amenities.  The  details  of  the schemes/programmes implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development are given below:-

## (i) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS):

The  principal  objective  of  the  scheme  is  to  provide  for  the  enhancement  of  livelihood security  of  the  households  by  providing  at  least  one  hundred  days  of  guaranteed  wage employment  in  every  financial  year  to  every  rural  household  whose  adult  members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. It stresses on creation of durable and sustainable assets to make the beneficiaries self-dependant.

- (ii)  Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): The  Ministry  is  implementing  DAY-NRLM  to  tackle  the  problem  of  unemployment, especially  among  women,  in  a  mission  mode  with  the  objective  of  organizing  the  rural poor  women  into  Self  Help  Groups  (SHGs)  and  continuously  nurturing  and  supporting them to take up economic activities till they attain appreciable increase in income over a period  of  time  to  improve  their  quality  of  life  and  come  out  of  abject  poverty.  Besides, Start-up  Village  Entrepreneurship  Programme  (SVEP),  the  sub-scheme  under  DAYNRLM, has the objective of helping Self Help Group (SHG) and their family members to set-up small enterprises in the non-farm sector.
- (iii)  Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen KaushalyaYojana  (DDU-GKY)  and  Rural  Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs ):  The Ministry is implementing two Skill development  initiatives  for  rural  poor  youth  under  National  Rural  Livelihood  Mission (NRLM) to improve the economic condition of the rural population, namely, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana (DDU-GKY), a placement linked skill development scheme for rural poor and Skill development through Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETI), which provides skilling, thereby enabling the trainee to take bank credit and  start  his/her  own  Micro-enterprise.  Some  of  such  trainees  may  also  seek  regular salaried jobs.
- (iv) Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G): PMAY-G aims to provide a pucca house  with  basic  amenities  to  all  rural  houseless  households  and  households  living  in kutcha  and  dilapidated  houses  in  rural  areas.  The  target  under  PMAY-G  is  to  construct 2.95 crore houses during the period 2016-17 to 2021-22.
- (v) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): PMGSY was started in the year 2000 with  the  objective  to  provide  all-weather  road  connectivity  to  eligible  unconnected habitations. The mandate of the scheme was subsequently widened and new interventions viz.  PMGSY-II  and  PMGSY-III  were  added  for  upgradation  of  the  existing  rural  road network which connect habitations to the various facilities and services. The implementation  of  the  ongoing  PMGSY  has  helped  immensely  in  lifting  the  socioeconomic conditions of rural masses by providing them access to the various services and facilities, market place and employment opportunities in various forms.
- (vi) Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission (SPMRM): The Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) launched in February 2016, is a scheme with the objective to stimulate  local  economic  development,  enhance  basic  services,  and  create  well  planned Rurban clusters. The mission takes cluster as a unit for development. 300 Clusters from all the  States/  UTs  are  selected  in  the  first  phase  of  the  Mission  in  Tribal  and  Non-Tribal categories.  SPMRM provides the Critical Gap Funding to the projects which directly  or indirectly  bring  economic  growth. SPMRM aims to provide amenities in four categories viz Basic, Economic, Social and Digital and promotes economic growth through integrated and balanced investments with social inclusion.
- (vii) National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP): It is a social welfare programme for the aged, widows, disabled and in the cases of death of the primary breadwinner belonging to Below  Poverty  Line  (BPL)  Households.  It  is  100%  centrally  funded  Central  Sponsored Schemes (CSS) implemented in the entire country including rural and remote areas.

Besides  the  schemes/  programmes  of  MoRD  mentioned  above,  major  schemes  of  other Ministries  for  generating  employment and skill  development of the rural  population are  given below:

- ( i) . Prime Minister's Employment Generation (PMEGP): The Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium  Enterprises  has  been  implementing  a  credit-linked  subsidy  programme  named Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) since 2008-09 with Khadi and  Village  Industries  Commission  (KVIC)  as  nodal  agency  at  the  national  level  for generating employment in the country by setting up of micro-enterprises in the non-farm sector by helping traditional artisans and unemployed youth.
- (ii) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): The Ministry of Skill Development and  Entrepreneurship  (MSDE)  had  launched  Pradhan  Mantri  Kaushal  Vikas  Yojana (PMKVY) in the year 2015. The objective of this Skill Certification Scheme is to enable a large number of Indian Youth to take up industry-relevant skill training that will help them in securing a better livelihood. Individuals with prior learning experience or skills will also be assessed and certified under the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) component of the Scheme. RPL mainly focuses on the individuals engaged in unregulated sectors.

All these measures encourage people in rural areas to earn their livelihood and raise their quality of life near their places of residence and hence, act as a deterrent to migration of rural population to cities.

- (b) & (c)   As per the information received from National Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and  Programme  Implementation,  from  the  survey  on  'Employment  &  Unemployment  and Migration Particulars' conducted during 2007-08 (64 th round) and 'Employment & Unemployment' survey conducted during 1999-2000 (55 th round) by National Statistical Office, the estimates of  Migration Rate (per 1000 persons) for urban areas at all India level and Number of persons migrated from rural areas to urban areas per 1000 migrants in urban areas at all India level are given below:

## Migration Rate (per 1000 persons) for urban areas and number of persons migrated from rural areas to urban areas per 1000 migrants in urban areas

| survey period (round)                   |   Migration Rate (per 1000 persons) for urban areas at all India level |   Number of persons Migrated from rural areas to urban areas per 1000 migrants in urban areas |
|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| July 1999 - June 2000 (NSS 55 th round) |                                                                    334 |                                                                                           586 |
| July 2007 - June 2008 (NSS 64 th round) |                                                                    354 |                                                                                           592 |

There is no data post 2008.

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