Lok Sabha Question No. 1001 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-11-22
Subject: Government Expenditure on Scientific Research
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: Ramya  Haridas, Mala Roy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1001 TO BE ANSWERED ON 22/11/2019

## GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

1001. MS. RAMYA HARIDAS: MS. MALA ROY:

Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY वान और ौयोगक मंी be pleased to state:

(a) the  annual  Government  expenditure  on  scientific  research/  developments  of  Science  and  Technology  in  the country and its percentage share of GDP;

(b) the  comparative  details  of  other  developing  and  developed  countries  in  terms  of  expenditure  being  made towards this end;

(c) the steps being taken by the Government to increase allocation in the field of Science and Technology;

(d) the frequency of audit performed on the research outcomes by the Government; and

(e) the  problem  of  plagiarism  in  research  encountered  by  the  Government  along  with  the  remedial  action taken/being taken in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE; MINISTER OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; AND MINISTER OF EARTH SCIENCES (DR. HARSH VARDHAN) ; ;

## वाय और परवार कयाण मंी वान और ौयोगक मंी और पृ वी वान मंी

## डॉ. हष वधन

(a) & (b):  As per the latest available Statistics, the National Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in S&T sector during the years 2012-13 to 2014-15 was Rs. 73,892.79 crore, Rs. 79,355.89 crore and Rs. 85,326.10 crores respectively. It is estimated to be of the order of Rs. 94,516.45 crores and Rs. 1,04,864.03 crores for the years 2015-16 and 2016-17. However, GERD as percentage share of GDP, in case of India, has been 0.7% as compared to the other developed and developing countries such as Israel (4.6 %), South Korea (4.5%), Japan (3.2%), Germany (3.0%), USA (2.8%),  France  (2.2%),  China  (2.1%),  UK  (1.7%),  Canada  (1.6%),  Brazil  (1.3%),  Russia  (1.1%)  and  South  Africa (0.8%). (c)    The Government has taken various initiatives to increase allocation in the field of Science and Technology such as successive increase in plan allocations for scientific departments, setting up of new institutions for science education and research, creation of Centres of Excellence and Facilities in emerging and frontline areas of S&T in academic and national institutions, supporting Mega Facilities for Basic Research, launching of new fellowships, substantial grant to potential scientists through extramural research funding, scaled up funding in the new areas such as Clean Energy and Water  including Energy Efficiency, Clean Coal Technology, Smart Grids, Methanol, Desalination,  Genome Engineering  Technology,  National  Supercomputing  Mission  (NSM),  National  Mission  on  Interdisciplinary  Cyber Physical System (ICPS) etc, promotion of innovation, entrepreneurship and start-ups grant for young scientists, Funds for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST), encouraging public-private partnerships, fiscal incentives and support measures for enhancing the participation of industry in R&D etc (d)      An  audit  on  research  outcomes  in  various  scientific  departments  and  research  organisations  is  being  carried annually.  In  addition,  the  compliance  audit  and  performance  audit  are  conducted  at  periodic  intervals.  Various scientific  research  schemes  are  also  audited  through  a  third  party  audit  mechanism  at  mid-term  and  five  yearly periods.. (e)        The  Government  has  encountered  the  problem  of  plagiarism  in  research  and  a  Regulation  on  'Promotion  of Academic Integrity and Prevention of Plagiarism in Higher Education Institutions, 2018'  has been brought out by UGC to address this issue in the country. In addition, various scientific research organisations have constituted Ethics Committee in this regard.

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