opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 2934 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme
Ministry: MICRO,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Asked by: Bhartruhari Mahtab, Rahul Ramesh Shewale

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 2934 TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.12.2019

## NATIONAL MANUFACTURING COMPETITIVENESS PROGRAMME

## 2934.  SHRI BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB: SHRI RAHUL RAMESH SHEWALE:

Will the Minister of MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES be pleased to state:

- (a) the aims, objectives and components of the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme;
- (b) whether the Government has achieved the aims and objectives of the said programme and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;
- (c) whether the said programme and other schemes/programmes of the Government have played a vital role to help the micro and small enterprises to deal with the problem of stiff competition from the goods imported from China and other neighboring countries;
- (d) if so, the details thereof along with the reaction of the Government thereto;
- (e) the number of micro and small enterprises have become sick or closed during each of the  last  there  years  and  the  current  year  despite  the  various  schemes/programmes  of  the Government for the development of MSME sector, State-wise; and
- (f) the other corrective steps taken/being taken by the Government in this direction?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SHRI NITIN GADKARI)

- (a) & (b): Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises implements, Credit Linked Capital  Subsidy -  Technology Up-gradation (CLCS-TUS). The erstwhile NMCP has since been subsumed into this scheme. CLCS-TUS has seven components aimed at promotion of Credit Linked Capital Subsidy, Lean Manufacturing, Design improvement, Zero Defect Zero Effect  Certification,  Support  for  Incubators,  Awareness  of  Intellectual  Property  Rights  and Digital Empowerment to MSMEs. The scheme helps Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)  in  increasing  their  manufacturing  competitiveness,  quality  of  products  and improvement in technologies.
- (c) & (d): Appropriate  measures  are  taken  for  imposing  anti-  dumping  duty,  countervailing duty and safeguard duty, as deemed necessary from time to time on articles imported into India in such increased quantities and under such conditions so as to cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the Indian domestic industry.
- (e) & (f): Under the  'Framework  for  Revival  and  Rehabilitation  of  Micro,  Small  and Medium Enterprises' put in place by the RBI, banks have to identify incipient stress in the MSME accounts and refer it  to  the  Committees  formed  under  the  Framework  for  suitable Corrective Action Plan viz. rectification, restructuring and recovery.

Reserve Bank of India has come up with a Prudential Framework for Resolution of Stressed  Assets  under  which  banks  have  to  put  in  place  Board-approved  policies  for resolution of stressed assets, including the timelines for resolution.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 2931 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: New Airports
Ministry: CIVIL AVIATION
Asked by: Uday Pratap Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. : 2931 (To be answered on the sth

December 2019)

## NEW AIRPORTS

## 2931. SHRI UDAY PRATAP SINGH

## Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION

be pleased to state:-

- (3) whether the Government is working towards building and developing new airports across the country and if the details thereof; State/UT-wise; SO,
2. (b) whether a number of new airports have been developed in the country
3. (c)owhether the proposal for declaring Bhopal and Indore airports as International airport is pending with the Government; if s0, the reasons for delay of the same;
4. (e) the number of airports in Madhya Pradesh which have been expanded/given international status; and
5. (d) whether the Government proposes to/ is considering to develop Sagar airport as well and if s0, the details thereof;
6. (0 the funds allocated and utilized for development of airports during the last three years?

## ANSWER

Minister of State (IC) in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION

(Shri Hardeep Singh Puri)

(2) & () Government of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) has granted 'in principle' approval for setting up of 21 Greenfield Airports across the country namely Mopa in Navi Mumbai, Sindhudurg and Shirdi in Maharashtra, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Hassan and Shimoga in Karnataka; Pradesh, Pakyong in Sikkim; Kushinagar and Noida in Uttar Pradesh, Bholera and Hirasar in Gujarat; Karaikal in Puducherry; Dagadarthi, Bhogapuram and Oravakal in Andhra Pradesh and Hollongi, Itanagar in Pakyong and Gulbarga airport projects have already been operationalisea and trial landing has been done at Sindhudurg Airport (c): The State Government of Madhya Pradesh vide letter dated 05.02.2019 Goa,

had requested Government of India (Ministry of Civil Aviation) to notify Indore and Bhopal Airports as Customs Airports for operation of full-fledged international flights. Indore airport has been notified as Customs Airport to handle International flight operations Further, a Joint Team comprising officials of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA); Bureau of Immigration (Bol); National Informatics Centre (NIC) Airports Authority of India (AAI), State Govt: and MoCA has also visited Bhopal Airport on 4.11.2019 for assessing the availability of required infrastructure for carrying out immigration functions at Bhopal Airport:

(e): AAI has upgraded Bhopal, Indore and Khajuraho airports to international standards with New Integrated Terminal Buildings and other associated work for simultaneous operation of Domestic and International passengers:

(d): At present; there is no such proposal under consideration:

(f): AAI has spent Rs: 8855.82 crore during last three years on development work and other associated works at its various airports across the country.

#****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2930 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Supply of Safe Drinking Water
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Thalikkottai Rajuthevar Baalu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2930 TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.12.2019

## Supply of Safe Drinking Water

## 2930. SHRI T.R. BAALU:

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  targets  of  12th  Five  year  Plan  for  providing  all  rural  habitations, schools  and  anganwadis  with  safe  drinking  water  by  December,  2017  have  been achieved;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;
- (c) whether the Government has any plan to provide piped water supply to at least 50 per  cent  of  the  rural  population  at  55  litres  per  capita  per  day  (lpcd)  within  the household  premises  or  at  a  distance  of  not  more  than  100  metres  from  their households, if so, the details and the current status thereof;
- (d)  whether  it  is  true  that  a  large  number  of  States  did  not  prepare  States  Specific Sectors Policy Frameworks and if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) if not, the measures taken by the Government for making the States to prepare the policy frameworks in this regard?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI (SHRI RATTAN LAL KATARIA)

- (a)  &  (b)  Under  erstwhile  National  Rural  Drinking  Water  Programme  (NRDWP),  as reported by States/ UTs, as on 01.04.2018, out of total 17.25 lakh rural habitations, inter alia covering Government schools and anganwadis, 13.61 lakh habitations were fully covered with provision of 40 litre or more per capita per day (lpcd) and around 3 lakh habitations were partially covered, i.e. with provision of less than 40 lpcd whereas 64,743 habitations were having water quality issues.
- (c)  Government  of  India  has  launched  Jal  Jeevan  Mission  (JJM),  which  aims  at providing potable water to every  rural household through Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) at service level of 55 litre per capita per day (lpcd) by 2024. As reported, as on 02.12.2019, 18.41% [3.29 Crore] rural households have piped water supply with tap connection.
- (d) & (e) Based on the 'National Policy Framework' each State should prepare State specific Sector Policy Framework (SSSPF). As reported by States, a majority of States have prepared SSSPF, however, rural water supply being State subject, details are not maintained by this Department.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 2929 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Driving Licenses and Driving Schools
Ministry: ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS
Asked by: Dharambir Singh

be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  proposes  to  open  driving  schools  in  every  district  in  the country;
- (b) if  so,  the  number  of  districts  where  driving  schools  have  been  opened  during  the  last three years in the country, State-wise;
- (c) whether the Government is aware that more than 50 thousand drivers could not renew their licenses in Nuh district in Haryana itself due to implementation of the new policy requiring minimum educational qualification for driving licence; and
- (d) if  so,  the  remedial  measures  taken  by  the  Government  to  enable  renewal  of  the  said licenses?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS (SHRI NITIN JAIRAM GADKARI

(a) & (b)   The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways has launched a scheme for setting up of Driving  Training  Centre  (DTC)    to  provide  quality  training  to  commercial  vehicle  drivers, improve road and  environment safety and strengthen overall mobility on roads. Any entity such as a State Undertaking/ NGO/ Trust/ Cooperative Society/ Vehicle Manufacturer/ Firm etc. i.e. any legal entity registered under a State or Central Government Law are eligible to apply under the scheme. No project has been sanctioned under the scheme as on date.

(c)  &  (d)      Implementation  of  provisions  of  Central  Motor  Vehicles  Rule,  1989  (CMVRs) issuance of driving licence comes under the purview of State Transport Departments. As per the Motor Vehicle  (Amendment) Act,  2019,  passed  in  the  Parliament  recently  and  the  provisions notified  with  effect  from  1 st September,  2019  the  requirement  of  minimum  educational qualification  for  driving  a  transport  motor  vehicle  has  been  done  away  with.  Ministry  has notified  the  omission  of  rule  8  of  the  Central  Motor  Vehicles  Rules,  1989  vide  GSR  681  (E) dated  23.09.2019,  which  provided  for  requirement  of  minimum  educational  qualification  for driving  a  transport  vehicle.  Further,  driving  is  a  skill  which  is  not  dependent  on  educational qualification.

*****

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2929 ANSWERED ON 5 TH  DECEMBER, 2019

## DRIVING LICENSES AND DRIVING SCHOOLS

## †2929. SHRI DHARAMBIR SINGH:

## Will the Minister of ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

## सड़क परिवहन औि िाजमार्ग मंत्री
Lok Sabha Question No. 2928 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Airports in Lakshadweep
Ministry: CIVIL AVIATION
Asked by: Faizal P.P. Mohammed

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION LOK SABHA

(To be answered on the December 2019) Sth

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. : 2928

## AIRPORTS IN LAKSHADWEEP

## 2928. SHRI MOHAMMED FAIZAL P.P

## Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION

be pleased to state:-

- (a) whether the Government proposes to develop an airport at Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep and if s0, the detaiis thereof along with its present status;
- the details thereof;
- (b) whether there is any proposal to expand airport at Agatti Island and if s0,
- (c) whether the Government has taken any decision regarding night landing facility at Lakshadweep, if sO, the details thereof; and
- (d) whether the Government has received any complaints regarding the night landing facility and if sO, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

Minister of State (IC) in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION

(Shri Hardeep Singh Puri)

- (a): Sir. Presently, no proposal to develop an airport at Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep is under consideration in Ministry of Civil Aviation/Airports Authority of India. No,
- (c) & (d): Basic strip of 140 meter on either side 0f runway at Agatti Airport which is required for provision of night landing facilities is not available at the airport; owing to corals around the airport:
- (b): Yes, Sir. The Public Investment Board (PIB) in its meeting held on i0.09.2018 has recommended the upgradation/expansion of Agatti Airport for operation of ATR-72 type of Aircraft:

#****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2926 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Toll Plazas in the Country
Ministry: ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS
Asked by: K. Jayakumar

be pleased to state:

(a) the number of toll gates /plazas in operation in the country and the average amount  collected  per day,  month  and financial year 2018-2019 in the country;

(b) the number of toll gates/plazas in Tamil Nadu and the amount collected by them in a day, month and year 2018-2019; and

(c)  the  procedure/criteria/methodology followed  to discontinue collection of toll by  the toll gates/plazas in the country?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

## (SHRI NITIN JAIRAM GADKARI)

(a) As on 31.10.2019, 570 fee plazas are operational on the National Highways across the country. The amount of user fee collected from fee plazas of National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) in  Financial  Year  (FY)  2018-19  is  Rs.  24,396.19  crore  with  an  average  monthly  and  per  day collection of Rs 2033 crore and Rs 66.84 crore respectively. In addition to this, an upfront amount of Rs. 9681.50 crore was received from Toll Operate Transfer (TOT) Concession in FY 2018-19.

(b) As on 31.10.2019, 54 user fee plazas on National Highways are operational in the state of Tamil Nadu. The amount of user fee on National Highways collected in the state of Tamil Nadu in FY 2018-19 is Rs. 2549.12 crore with an average monthly and per day collection of Rs 212.42 crore and Rs 6.98 crore respectively.

(c) In case of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects, after completion of the concession period, the user fee is to be collected by Central Government at reduced rates of 40%. In case of a public funded  project,  the  user  fee  rates  are  to  be  reduced  to  40%  after  recovery  of  capital  cost  of  the project.

*****

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2926

ANSWERED ON 5 TH  DECEMBER, 2019

## TOLL PLAZAS IN THE COUNTRY

## 2926.  DR.  K.  JAYAKUMAR:

## Will the Minister of ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

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Lok Sabha Question No. 2921 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Metro and Mono Rail Projects
Ministry: HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Asked by: Chirag Paswan

## NO. 2921.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2921 To BE ANSWERED ON DECEMBER 05, 2019

## METRO AND MONO RAIL PROJECTS

## SHRI CHIRAG KUMAR PASWAN:

Will the Minister of HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any proposal to start metro and mono rail project in some new cities in near future;
- (b) ifso, the details thereof  especially in Bihar and if not, the reasons
- therefor; and
- (c) the details of implementation procedure for any such proposal?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS (SHRI HARDEEP SINGH PURI)

(a) to (c) Urban transport is an integral part of urban development, which is a state subject. Respective state governments are, therefore, responsible for initiating and developing urban transport infrastructure; including metro rail or monorail projects in cities or urban agglomerates: The Central Government considers financial assistance for such proposals on the basis of the feasibility of the proposal and availability of resources, as and when posed by the concerned state governments.   Option for central financial assistance and mode of implementation viz. Public Private Partnership (PPP); Grant by Central Government and Equity Sharing Model as stipulated in Metro Rail Policy2017 is decided by the concerned state government etc,

Government of India (Gol), in February, 2019, has approved the proposal of Government of Bihar for implementation Patna metro rail project comprising of 31.39 kms at completion cost of Rs: 13,365.77 crore:

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2918 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Earthquake Resistant Building Codes
Ministry: HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Asked by: Arvind Kumar Sharma

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2918

## BE ANSWERED ON DECEMBER 05, 2019

## EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CODES

## NO. 2918. SHRI ARVIND KUMAR SHARMA:

Will the Minister of HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has in place any earthquake resistant
- building codes;
- (b) if whether thislthese codes are separate for each earthquake zone and inconformity with the best practices world over;
- whether thislthese codes have been made mandatory and whether the Government has mapped all disaster-prone vulnerable areas for remedial measures; and
- d) whether the Government is planning for any scheme like incentives and tax rebates to promote demolishing of fragile
- buildings in earthquake prone areas?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS

(SHRI HARDEEP SINGH PURI)

- (a) The National Building Code of India 2016 (NBC 2016) published by Bureau of Indian Standards, in its Part 6 'Structural Design' Section 1: 'Loads, Forces and Effects' contains the provisions related to earthquake resistant design of buildings.

(b) The standards are not  separate for each seismic zone, but there are specific provisions applicable to each of the four seismic zones in India namely Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV and Zone V. The criteria specified in the standards are in line with the best practices adopted in other countries of the world: many

(c) These codes are advisory in nature. The Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), under the Ministry Housing and Urban Affairs, has published the third edition Vulnerability Atlas of India: It is a collation of the existing hazard scenario for the entire country and presents the digitized State/utwise Hazard Maps with respect to Earthquakes, Winds & Floods for district-wise identification of vulnerable areas. This edition contains additional digitized maps for Thunderstorms, Cyclones and Landslides. The Atlas also presents the district-wise Housing Vulnerability Risk Tables based on wall types and roof types as per 2011 Census Housing data:

(d) Urban Development is a State subject: Presently,no such scheme is under consideration to promote demolition of fragile buildings in earthquake prone areas:

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2917 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Diseases Caused by Pollution of Chambal River
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Anil Firojiya

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. †2917

ANSWERED ON 05.12 .2019

## DISEASES CAUSED BY P OLLUTION OF CHAMBAL RIVER

## †2917. SHRI ANIL FIROJIYA

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

- (a) whether Toxic water containing hazardous chemical is getting discharged from the industr Nagda city of Ujjain and is causing various fatal diseases like cancer, paralysis in 22 villages located nea Chambal river;
- (b)  whether  the  Government  has  given  any  directions  to  these  companies  so  that  the  people  don't  fall victim to the diseases caused by toxic water containing chemical;
- (c) if so, the details in this re gard;
- (d) whether the Government proposes to direct the industries located in Nagda city to formul action plan in time bound manner to check flowing of toxic water into Chambal river; and (e) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI & SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI RATTAN LAL KATARIA )

- (a)No Sir. As informed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi and Madhya Pradesh Po Control Board, Bhopal, such study has not been conducted.

(b)to(e) Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board has directed all the industry to maintain z discharge out of premises in Nagda except M/s. Grasim Industries (S.F.D.) which is dischargi MLD treated effluent in Chambal riv er. M/s. Grasim Industries (S.F.D.) has submitted time bound a plan  along  with  Bank  Guarantee.  As  per  proposed  action  plan  the  zero  discharge  conditio achieved by the industries on or before January, 2021.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2915 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Pollution in Ayad River
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Arjunlal Meena

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. †2915

ANSWERED ON 05.12 .2019

## POLLUTION IN AYAD RI VER

## †2915. SHRI ARJUN LAL MEENA

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  polluted  water  and  industrial  waste  are  being  dumped  in  Ayad  river  and  po Udaisagar lake in Udaipur in Rajasthan;
- (b) if so, the steps taken by the Government to check the said pollution; and
- (c) the funds allocated for this purpose?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI & SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI RATTAN LAL KATARIA )

As informed by Water Resources Department, Rajasthan, the point -wise reply is as under: -

- (a) Yes, polluted water (sewage) is being dumped in Ayad river, thereby, in Udaisagar lake district in Rajasthan.
- (b) &(c) Efforts being made by different agencies to check pollution are: -
- (i) Demarcation of river boundary by Urban Improve ment Trust (UIT) and Municipal Corporation, Udaipur.
- (ii) Ayad river cleaning drive has been carried out with the support of Industrial house administration, UIT and Municipal Corporation.
- (iii) Abatement of Ayad river with laying of trunk sewer and trapping of all 139 drains falling in under Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Program (RUIDP) project costing Rs. 126 crore.
- (iv) Construction of 25, 10 & 5 Million Litres per Day (MLD) Sewage Treatment Plants under Hy brid Annuity Model costing Rs. 79.99 crore.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 2912 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-05
Subject: Illegal Mining in Rivers
Ministry: JAL SHAKTI
Asked by: Kunwar Danish Ali

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

LOK

SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.

†2912

ANSWERED ON 05.12 .2019

## ILLEGAL MINING IN RI VERS

## †2912. KUNWAR DANISH ALI

Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  illegal  mining  in  several  rivers  of  the  country  has  led  to  steep  ditches  c existence of the said rivers; and

(b) if so, the details thereof along with the plan of the Government to address the said is - wise including Uttar Pradesh?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI & SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI RATTAN LAL KATARIA )

(a)& (b) Ministry  of Environment,  Forest  and  Climate  Change  has  issued  Sustainable  Sand  Mi Management Guidelines, 2016, which, inter -alia addresses the issue relating to regulation of sand m rivers in the country. The main objectives of the Guidelines are to ensure that sand and gravel mining is done  in  an  environmentally  sustainable  and  socially  responsible  manner;  conservation  o equilibrium and its natural environment by protection and restoration of the ecological sy the rivers are prote cted from bank and bed erosion beyond its stable profile etc.

*****