Lok Sabha Question No. 4012 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-12-12
Subject: India’s agreement with CORSIA
Ministry: CIVIL AVIATION
Asked by: Rajiv Pratap Rudy

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4012 (To be answered on the December 2019) 12th

## INDIA 'S AGREEMENT WITH CORSIA

## 4012\_ SHRI RAJIV PRATAP RUDY

## Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION

be pleased to state:-

- (a) whether the Government has entered into an international agreement called Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) relating to aviation emissions 0n international flights and if s0, the details thereof;
- (b) whether as per CORSIA obligations, airlines are required to report their carbon emissions during the calendar years 2019 and 2020, which will be the baseline for the future and if details thereof;
- whether the Government recognizes that presently Indian carriers are predominantly having narrow body fleets which limits their ability on long haul operations resulting in limited baseline establishment in calendar years 2019 and 2020 and if s0, the details thereof;
- (d) whether the Government recognizes that after 2020, if airlines of India enhance long haul international operations, will have t0 offset the emissions by the way of carbon trading; which will make the airlines in India non-competitive vis-a-vis other established airlines? they

## ANSWER

Minister of State (IC) in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION

(Shri Hardeep Singh Puri)

(a)At the 39th Session of the General Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) held in September, October, 2016,a resolution A39-3 was passed by majority support for adopting a global market based measure called Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) relating to emissions from international aviation. This resolution has been affirmed by majority of nations at the 40th General Assembly Session of ICAO held in September/ October, 2019 by passing

Resolution A40-19. India has raised its voice at the ICAO Assembly Session against the design elements of CORSIA stating that are not fair to the airlines of developing states who have potential to grow much more after 2020 compared to the airlines of developed states. India has also filed reservations with ICAO in this regard, both in 2016 and 2019. they

(b) & ( c) Sir. The salient features of CORSIA are attached as Annexure. Yes,

(d)The level of international operations by Indian carriers is currently on a high growth path: As mentioned in the Annexure, CORSIA is being implemented in two\_phases, viz , Voluntary Phase (2021-2026) and Mandatory Phase (2027-2035). India is not joining CORSIA in the Voluntary Phase. The offsetting requirements under CORSiA, determined by the baseline level set as per emissions in 2019 and 2020, which will come into force from 01.01.2027 will impose financial burden on a large number of global airlines including the airlines of India.

##***

Annexure to be submitted with LS Parliament Question 12.12.2019 No. 4012 to be replied on

## Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Salient Features Aviation-

- 1 CORSIA scheme has mainly two design elements, Verification (MRV) and Offsetting, as described below: Monitoring, Reporting & viz.,
- 1.1 Monitoring\_Reporting & Verification\_(MRV): MRV states irrespective of their requirement is applicable to all participation in Offsetting under CORSIA, It consists of
- Reporting of CO2 emissions information by aeroplane operators to DGCA;
- Monitoring of fuel used on each international flight and calculation of CO2 emissions,
- Verification of reported emissions data to ensure completeness misstatements. and to avoid
- Reporting of verified emission data by DGCA to ICAO.

AIl operators, who are engaged in international consumption and carbon operations, have to capture their fuel The eanissions data annually, starting from Ist January, 2019 every year. emissions data calculated from fuel used on international globally for the year 2019and 2020 will be used routes by all operators emissions value which will exclusively by ICAO to calculate the baseline be used in the subsequent years for calculation of emission levels for calculation of offsetting growth in requirements.

- 1.2 Offsetting\_Requitements: Aeroplane operators will need to offset the procuring emission reduction credits from other growth by programmes approved by ICAO The sources e.g. emission reduction be calculated offsetting requirements of the aeroplane operators will by DGCA in accordance with the formula provided in the scheme.

## 2. Implementation Methodology

- 2.1 Phased Implementation-The scheme will be implemented in phases i.e\_
- Voluntary Phase Pilot Phase (2021-2023) and First Phase From 2021 until 2026, offsetting requirements will (2024-2026) flights between states that only apply to international volunteer to participate in the pilot phase and/or the first phase. (India has opted out of both the pilot phase and the first phase)
- flights, operated applicability criteria given in
- Mandatory Phase Second Phase (2027-2035) From 2027 , offsetting requirements will apply to the international by the aeroplane operators of all states meeting the para 2.2 below, except the states exempted under para 2.3 below.

## 2.2 Applicability Criteria of Member States

- (i) Member states  having individual share of State's international Revenue Tonne Kilometres (RTKs) in 2018 above 0.5% of the total activities in RTKs, or
- ii) Ifthe cumulative share in the list of States from the of RTKs reaches 90% of the total highest to the lowest amount RTKs.

## 2.3 Exempted States

Least Developed Countries, Small Island Developing States, and Developing Countries; or States that account for less than 0.5% of total Landlocked from international aviation in 2018. worldwide RTKs

## 2.4 Flights to be counted for offsetting

Only international flights operated on the routes between state pairs where states are included in the CORSIA, will be covered both emissions will be counted for under the scheme and their CO2 the purpose of calculating the offsetting requirements of the CORSIA: Other international flights will not be counted for offsetting subject to reporting requirements; purpose, but will be

## 3\_ Calculation of offsetting requirement under CORSIA

## 3.1 Calculation\_of\_CO2\_emissions from aeroplane fuel\_ use:

Each aeroplane operator shall determine the CO2 emissions from the following equation: international flights using

CO2 Emissions (in tonnes) = ZMass of fuel (in tonnes) X Fuel conversion factor

For the purpose of above equation, the mass of fuel used includes aeroplane operator shall use the following all aviation fuels. An 3.16 value of fuel conversion factor: for Jet-A fuel = (in kg COZ/kg fuel) and for AvGas or Jet-B fuel = 3.10 (in kg CO2/kg fuel).

## 3.2

- DGCA will calculate, for each of the aeroplane emissions required to be offset in operators, the amount of CO2 a given year (without emissions reduction from use of CORSIA eligible fuels) , the formula given below: using

An aeroplane operator's offset requirement = [% Sectoral x (an emissions covered by CORSIA in a given year X the aeroplane operator's given year)] + sector's growth factor in the X (an aeroplane operator's emissions covered by CORSIA in a given year X that aeroplane operator's growth factor in the given year);

- ii . where the sector's growth factor = (total emissions average of total emissions covered by CORSIA in the given covered by  CORSIA between 2019 and 2020) total emissions covered by CORSIA in the given year; year
- iii . where the aeroplane operator's growth factor = (the covered by CORSIA in the given aeroplane operator's emissions year average of the aeroplane operator's emissions covered by CORSIA between 2019 and 2020 ) / the aeroplane operators by CORSIA in the given year; emissions covered
- iv. where the % Sectoral = (100% % Individual) and;
- V . where the % Sectoral and % Individual will be applied as follows:

| Year of applicability              | % Sectoral         | % Individual                           |
|------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------------------------|
| 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2029 | 100%               | 0%                                     |
| 1 January 2030 to 31 December 2032 | (100%-%Individual) | A specified percentage of at least 20% |
| 1 January 2033 to 31 December 2035 | (100%-%Individual) | A specified percentage of at least 70% |

vi. ICAO will provide the applicable value of Sector Growth Factor on DGCA will calculate the aeroplane yearly basis and operator's Growth Factor for a given in accordance with the the verified Emissions Reports submitted operators. year