Lok Sabha Question No. 19 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-02-04
Subject: Expenditure on Education
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: SRINIVAS KESINENI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 19 TO BE ANSWERED ON 04.02.2019

## Expenditure on Education

## 19. SHRI KESINENI NANI:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT मानव संसाधन िवकास मंतर्ालय be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of expenditure on education by the Government over the last five years split over primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors;
- (b) the expenditure of the same as a percentage of GDP over the last five years;
- (c) the details of other developed countries' expenditure on education as percentage of GDP; and
- (d) whether the Government is planning to bring in new programmes so as to revive/overhaul the education sector in the country and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (DR. SATYA PAL SINGH)

(a)& (b): As per Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education published by MHRD for the Year 2014-15 to 2016-17, Expenditure on Education by the Government over the last five years split over primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors and as percentage of GDP, is as follows:

| S. N o   | Sector                       | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   | Sector-wise Government Expenditure on Education (Rs. in Crore) and as percentage of GDP   |
|----------|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S. N o   | Sector                       | 2012-13                                                                                   | 2012-13                                                                                   | 2013-14                                                                                   | 2013-14                                                                                   | 2014-15                                                                                   | 2014-15                                                                                   | 2015-16(RE)                                                                               | 2015-16(RE)                                                                               | 2016-17(BE)                                                                               | 2016-17(BE)                                                                               |
| S. N o   | Sector                       | Expenditu re (Rs. Cr)                                                                     | As% of GDP                                                                                | Expenditu re (Rs. Cr)                                                                     | As% of GDP                                                                                | Expenditu re (Rs. Cr)                                                                     | As% of GDP                                                                                | Expenditu re (Rs. Cr)                                                                     | As% of GDP                                                                                | Expenditur e (Rs. Cr)                                                                     | As% of GDP                                                                                |
| 1        | Elementary Education         | 159476.31                                                                                 | 1.60                                                                                      | 182150.40                                                                                 | 1.62                                                                                      | 225763.41                                                                                 | 1.81                                                                                      | 246953.27                                                                                 | 1.79                                                                                      | 277832.75                                                                                 | 1.82                                                                                      |
| 2        | Secondary Education          | 89938.10                                                                                  | 0.90                                                                                      | 107074.74                                                                                 | 0.95                                                                                      | 122762.94                                                                                 | 0.98                                                                                      | 139131.67                                                                                 | 1.01                                                                                      | 159818.64                                                                                 | 1.05                                                                                      |
| 3        | Adult Education              | 947.45                                                                                    | 0.01                                                                                      | 933.94                                                                                    | 0.01                                                                                      | 1013.62                                                                                   | 0.01                                                                                      | 1233.91                                                                                   | 0.01                                                                                      | 1223.82                                                                                   | 0.01                                                                                      |
| 4        | University &Higher Education | 62447.76                                                                                  | 0.63                                                                                      | 75212.05                                                                                  | 0.67                                                                                      | 70601.45                                                                                  | 0.57                                                                                      | 89569.34                                                                                  | 0.65                                                                                      | 97032.23                                                                                  | 0.64                                                                                      |
| 5        | Technical Education          | 55323.19                                                                                  | 0.56                                                                                      | 65507.67                                                                                  | 0.58                                                                                      | 86707.72                                                                                  | 0.70                                                                                      | 110551.36                                                                                 | 0.80                                                                                      | 132487.68                                                                                 | 0.87                                                                                      |
| 6        | Total                        | 368132.81                                                                                 | 3.70                                                                                      | 430878.80                                                                                 | 3.84                                                                                      | 506849.14                                                                                 | 4.07                                                                                      | 587439.55                                                                                 | 4.27                                                                                      | 668395.12                                                                                 | 4.39                                                                                      |

Government  expenditure  on  education  both  in  absolute  terms  as  well  as  %  age  of  GDP  has  been increasing over the years.

- (c): As per the figures published by UNESCO Institute of Statistics(UIS), expenditure on education as percentage of Gross Domestic Product in some of other developed countries is as follows:
- (d):  The Government has launched several initiatives for  improving the standards of education sector in  the  Country.  Samagra  Shiksha  -  an  Integrated  Scheme  for  School  Education  has  been  launched throughout  the  country  as  a  Centrally  Sponsored  Scheme  with  effect  from  the  year  2018-19.  This programme  subsumes  the  three  erstwhile  Centrally  Sponsored  Schemes  of  Sarva  Shiksha  Abhiyan (SSA),  Rashtriya  Madhyamik  Shiksha  Abhiyan  (RMSA)  and  Teacher  Education  (TE).  It  is  an overarching programme for the school education sector extending from pre-school to class XII and aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education. It envisages the 'school' as a continuum from pre-school, primary, upper primary, secondary to senior secondary levels. The States/UTs are assisted by the central government to implement the Samagra Shiksha as a programme for providing universal access and retention, bridging of gender and social category gaps in education and enhancement of learning level of children at all levels of school education.

| Country           |   Expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP |   Year for which latest data available as per UNESCO Institute for Statistics |
|-------------------|---------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| USA               |                                              4.99 |                                                                          2014 |
| United Kingdom    |                                              5.54 |                                                                          2016 |
| Japan             |                                              3.47 |                                                                          2016 |
| Australia         |                                              5.32 |                                                                          2015 |
| Russia Federation |                                              3.82 |                                                                          2015 |

Strategic funding and reforms in the Higher Education sector are being undertaken through the Centrally  Sponsored  Scheme  of  Rashtriya  Uchchatar  Shiksha  Abhiyan  (RUSA).  Moreover,  Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA) has been established under the Companies Act, 2013 to leverage funds from market to finance improvement in infrastructure in top institutions of education. With the devolution of more funds to the States as recommended by the 14th Finance Commission, States are in position to prioritize allocation of funds to education sector.