opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 4968 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Ration Cards
Ministry: CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
Asked by: Sunil Kumar Pintu

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF COI{SUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLTC D|STRIBUTION DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND PUBLIG DISTRIBUTION

## LOX SABHA UNSTARRED SUESTION  NO. 4968 TO BE ANSWERED  ON 23'd JULY, 20{9

## RATION CARDS

t4968. SHR! SUI{IL KUMARPTNTU

Will the Minister of  CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND  pUBLtc DISTRIBUTION  3tTfrtrilr arr&, ur<.a st{ Tr&dftfi, futrtq d* be pteased  to state:

- (a)  whether the Government has made any policy regarding issuance of ration cards to people so that the beneficiaries can avail the benefits of
- ration cards from anyrwhere  in the country; and
- (b)  if  so, the outline of the said policy and the manner in which
- beneficiaries are likely to get benefit from these ration cards?

## ANSWER MTNTSTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY  OF CONSUMER  AFFAIRS,  FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (SHRI DANVE RAOSAHEB DADARAO )

(a) & (b): Targeted Public Distribution  System (TPDS)  is operated under the joint responsibility  of the Gentral and the State/Union  Territory  (UT) Governments. Gentral Government  is  responsible for  procurement, allocation and transportation of foodgrains upto the designated  depots of the Food Gorporation of lndia. The operational responsibilities  for allocation and distribution of foodgrains within the States/UTs, identification of eligible beneficiaries, issuance  of ration cards to them and supervision  over and monitoring of functioning of Fair Price Shops (FPSs) rest with the concerned State/UT Governments.

As per clause 3 and 4  of TPDS(Gontrol) Order, 2O{5, State/UT Governments shall identify and issue ration card to eligible househotds.

Further, Department has launched a new scheme namely Integrated Management of Public Distribution  System (!M-PDS).  The main obiective  of the scheme is to introduce nation.wise portability of ration card holderc under National  Food Security Act, 2O{3 (NFSA), to lift their entitlement foodgrains  from any FPS of their choice in the country without the need of obtaining a new ration card, by making use of the electronic  Point of Sale(ePoS)  devices and biometric  authentication. Keeping in view the physica!  progress  under ongoing scheme and readiness  for implementation of National  Portability  in few Statesl it has been decided  to implement  interState/National  Portability  on a pilot basis in few States  shortly.

**r*
Lok Sabha Question No. 4967 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Rehabilitation of Beggars
Ministry: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
Asked by: Krupal Balaji Tumane

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. +4967 TO BE ANSWERED ON 23.07.2019

## REHABILITATION OF BEGGARS

+4967. SHRI KRUPAL BALAJI TUMANE:

## Will the Minister of SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has started any scheme to eradicate the social evil like begging in the country and if the details thereof; SO,
- b) whether the Government proposes to initiate people education programme to ensure the rehabilitation of   beggars with the Non-Governmental Organisations and through NonGovernment financing; and
- (c) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI RATTAN LAL KATARIA)

- (a): The States are responsible for taking necessary preventive and rehabilitative steps   for beggars As per available information, 20 States and 2 Union Territories have either enacted their own Anti-Beggary legislation or adopted legislations enacted by other States/UTs. Presently, there is no Scheme being implemented by this Ministry for beggars.
- (b) & (c): The National Backward Class Finance Development Corporation, & Government of India Undeitaking  under this Ministry was entrusted with the task of Skill Development of Beggars   community   during 2018-19. The Corporation has successfully   completed skill development training for 400 members of beggars community.
Lok Sabha Question No. 4964 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Credit Cards for Farmers
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Mahabali Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.4964

TO BE ANSWERED ON 23 RD  JULY, 2019

## CREDIT CARDS FOR FARMERS

## 4964.  SHRI MAHABALI SINGH:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is considering to provide more number of credit cards to the farmers and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether the Government is considering to make the loan interest free to be disbursed through credit cards and if so, the details of the same;
- (c) whether a large number of farmers in the country do not have credit cards and if so, the details thereof;
- (d) whether  the  banks  do  not  take  keen  interest  towards  issuing  credit  cards  to  the farmers and if so, the directives issued by the Government to banks in this regard; and
- (e) whether the Government will consider providing Kisan Credit Cards to all the eligible farmers in a time bound manner and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी ( SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a)  to (e): There are 6.92 crore active Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) against 14.5 crore operational landholdings which means there are a substantial number of farmers outside the ambit of KCC. To bring the maximum number of farmers under KCC in order to provide them access to concessional institutional credit, Government has started a campaign to achieve saturation under KCC in MISSION MODE and in a time bound manner for the farmers. In this regard, necessary directions have been issued to waive off processing fee, inspection, ledger folio  charges  and  all  other  service  charges  for  all  crop  loans  upto  Rs.3.00  lakh  and  State Governments have been advised to hold bank-wise and village-wise camps to collect KCC application  forms  from  eligible  farmers  and  the  applications  collected  therein.  These applications  have  to  be  submitted  to  the  concerned  bank  branch  and  banks  have  been advised to issue KCC within 2 weeks from the receipt of completed application. The progress is to be monitored by State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC).

Review  and  modification  in  the  scheme  is  a  continuous  process  based  on  inputs from stakeholders and changes are made from time to time for better implementation.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 4960 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Infrastructure Development Funds
Ministry: FISHERIES, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING
Asked by: Nishikant  Dubey

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FISHERIES, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.4960 TO BE ANSWERED ON 23 rd  JULY, 2019

## Infrastructure Development Funds

4960. DR. NISHIKANT DUBEY:

Will  the  Minister  of  FISHERIES,  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY  AND  DAIRYING मत्स्यपालन , पशुपालन और डेयरी मंत्री be pleased to state: (a) whether the Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FAIDF) and the Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) have been announced; (b) if so, the details thereof along with the details of the allocation made therefor; and

(c) the details of the total funds proposed for each of the above fund?

## ANSWER

## THE  MINISTER  OF  STATE  FOR  FISHERIES,  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY  AND DAIRYING

## (SHRI PRATAP CHANDRA SARANGI)

(a) to (c):  Yes, Sir.  The Central Government during 2018-19 has announced to set aside a corpus  of  Rs.10,000  crore  for  setting  up  of  a  Fisheries  and  Aquaculture  Infrastructure Development  Fund  (FIDF)  for  fisheries  sector  and  an  Animal  Husbandry  Infrastructure Development  Fund  (AHIDF)  for  financing  infrastructure  requirement  of  animal  husbandry sector. Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF) with a corpus of Rs.  7522.48  crore  has  been  set-up.  For  the  remaining  amount  of  Rs.  2477.52  crore,  the proposal for setting up of AHIDF was submitted to Ministry of Finance. Ministry of Finance has advised to revised the proposal and resubmit.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 4958 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Kisan Vikas Patra Yojana
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Arjunlal Meena

O.I.H

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.4958

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 RD  JULY, 2019

## KISAN VIKAS PATRA YOJANA

4958.    SHRI  ARJUN LAL MEENA:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

- (a) the  number  of  people  benefited  by  Kisan  Vikas  Patra  Yojana  of  the  Government throughout the country;
- (b) the  number of  beneficiaries  of  the  Yojana  belonging  to  the  State  of  Rajasthan  and  in Udaipur district along with the details thereof;
- (c) whether  the  Government  is considering to take any new steps to cover more and more population under the current scheme;
- (d) if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a): A  total  of  4,03,43,979  Kisan  Vikas  Patras  have  been  issued  in  the  country  since  the launch of the scheme.
- (b): The number of Kisan Vikas Patras issued in the State of Rajasthan and Udaipur district since the launch of the scheme is 6,92,570 and 16,851 respectively.
- (c) to (e): No  new  steps  are  being  considered.    The  scheme  is  already  widely  available through Post Offices and Banks throughout the country.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 4953 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Caste Census of Backward Classes
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Kaushalendra Kumar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4953

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 RD  JULY, 2019/ SHRAVANA 1, 1941 (SAKA)

CASTE CENSUS OF BACKWARD CLASSES

4953. SHRI KAUSHALENDRA KUMAR:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Parliament had passed the Resolution in 2011 for conduct of Caste Census especially of the Backward Classes and if so, the details thereof;
- (b)  whether  the  then  Home  Minister  had  assured  the  House  that  the intent of the Parliament will be communicated  to  the  concerned Department/Agency  i.e.  the  Registrar  of  Census  for  conduct  of  Caste Census;
- (c) whether the Caste Census has been conducted by the Government;
- (d) if so, whether the data has been published in public domain;
- (e) whether the proper caste census will be conducted in the year 2021 in proper format with due sincerity by the Government and by the Registrar of Census only instead of any other non-concerned Government department (Department of Rural Development) as done for the year 2011 w.r.t. Caste Census; and
- (f) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI NITYANAND RAI)

(a) & (b): No Sir.  However, there was a short duration discussion on 'On need to lay down specific  parameters  for  conducting  the Census, 2011'

during Budget Session 2010.  On this, the then Home Minister assured the House that Government will give due weight to all aspects of the issues discussed.

(c) & (d):   The  Socio  Economic  and  Caste  Census  (SECC),  2011  was conducted  by  the  Ministry  of  Rural  Development  (MoRD)  in  rural  areas and by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) in urban areas.  The Office of the Registrar General, India provided logistic and  technical  supports  in  conducting  the  SECC.    The  SECC  data excluding  the  caste  data  has  been  published  by  MoRD  and  MoHUPA  in 2016.

(e) & (f):   The intent of the Government for conducting Census 2021 has been  notified  in  Gazette  of  India  on  28 th   March,  2019.    In  Census,  the castes  and  tribes  which  are  specifically  notified  as  Scheduled  Castes (SCs)  /  Scheduled  Tribes  (STs)  as  per  Presidential  Order  under  the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order 1950 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 amended from time to time are enumerated.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 4951 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Implementation of PM Kisan Yojana
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: Brijendra Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.4951

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 RD  JULY, 2019

## IMPLEMENTATION OF PM KISAN YOJANA

4951.     SHRI BRIJENDRA SINGH:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी be pleased to state:

(a) whether there are any States which have not availed of the PM-Kisan (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) Yojana; and

(b) if so, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE

कृ ष एवं कसान कयाण मंी (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) & (b): Only  the  State  Government  of  West  Bengal  has  not  yet  on-boarded  Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme.  The State Government has informed that they have not taken a decision for participation in the Scheme.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 4949 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Article 370 and 35A of the Constitution
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Jai Prakash

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. †4949

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 RD  JULY, 2019/ SHRAVANA 1, 1941 (SAKA)

ARTICLE 370 AND 35A OF THE CONSTITUTION

†4949. SHRI JAI PRAKASH:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a) whether it is a fact that the Government is contemplating to remove section 370 and 35A of the Constitution relating to Jammu and Kashmir;

(b) if so, the time by which it is likely to be done; and

(c) if not, the reasons therefor?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

(a) to (c): At present, Article 370 is contained as a temporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir in Part XXI (Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions) of the Indian Constitution.

At present, Article 35A is contained in The Constitution (Application to  Jammu  and  Kashmir)  Order,  1954  which  was  added  through  the Constitution Order issued by the President of India under Article 370.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 4944 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: PPP in Rural Housing
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Rebati Tripura, Vijay Kumar Dubey, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Anurag Sharma, Santosh Kumar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4944 TO BE ANSWERED ON 23.07.2019

## PPP IN RURAL HOUSING

## 4944.  SHRI REBATI TRIPURA:

SHRI VIJAY KUMAR DUBEY:

SHRI MANOJ TIWARI:

SHRI ANURAG SHARMA:

SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any proposal to built houses in rural areas under Pradhan Mantri  Awas  Yojana  (PMAY-G)in  bulk  quantity  through  Public  Private  Partnership (PPP) model to ensure quick and Quality delivery of the houses under this scheme in the near future;
- (b) if  so,  the  details  thereof,  especially  in  North  East,  Uttar  Pradesh  including  Jhansi, Delhi/NCR and other areas;
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (d) whether there is any other scheme of the Ministry where PPP model will be introduced?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

(a) to (c): As  per  the  Framework  for  Implementation  of  Pradhan  Mantri  Awaas  Yojana (PMAY-G), the house shall be constructed by the beneficiary himself/herself or get the house constructed  under  his/her  supervision.  No  contractor  shall  be  engaged  by  the  State  for construction of houses.  In  case  the  beneficiary  is  old/infirm  or  a  person  with  disability  and  is therefore    not  in  a  position  to  get  the  house  constructed  on  his/her  own,  such  houses  shall  be taken up as a part of the Mason Training Program. In case there are still some beneficiaries  left out, the State Government will ensure that they are assisted through the Gram Panchayats or a ground functionary to get their house constructed.

(d): Under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), a placement linked skill development program for wage employment, is being implemented in PPP Model all over the country through Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) registered with this Ministry.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 4941 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: CSR Funds
Ministry: HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
Asked by: D. Ravikumar

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 4941 TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 RD  JULY 2019 CSR Funds

## 4941:  SHRI RAVIKUMAR D.:

Will  the  Minister  of  HEAVY  INDUSTRIES  AND  PUBLIC  ENTERPRISES  be  pleased  to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any data regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds spent by Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. during 2017-18;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the number of Scheduled Castes and Tribals habitations benefitted from the CSR?

## A N S W E R

## THE MINISTER FOR HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (SHRI ARVIND GANPAT SAWANT)

(a) & (b): As per the information available with Department of Public Enterprises, Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Ltd. (NLC India Ltd), a Central Public Sector Enterprise under administrative control of M/o Coal has spent Rs. 43.59 crores on CSR activities/ projects during 2017-18 on sectors  inter-alia  relating  to  healthcare,  sanitation,  women  empowerment,  education,  gender equality, welfare of SCs, STs & OBCs, etc.

- (c): NLC India Ltd has provided assistance in the form of tuition fees for SC/ ST students of Jawahar  Science  College,  Neyveli  during  2017-18.  625  students  under  these  categories  got benefits under CSR.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 4940 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Training and Employment of Rural Youth
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Ajay Nishad

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4940

TO BE ANSWERED ON 23.07.2019

## TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF RURAL YOUTH

## 4940.  SHRI AJAY NISHAD:

Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the Government  has  formulated  any  scheme  for  providing  training and employment to the rural youth;
- (b) if  so,  whether there is any likelihood of seeking assistance from the corporate sector in this regard;
- (c) whether the Government proposes to include unemployed educated youth belonging to minority community under the ambit of this scheme;
- (d) if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) the  details  of  the  States  where  this  scheme  has  been  implemented  or  proposed  to  be implemented?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## (SHRI NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR)

- (a): Ministry of Rural Development is undertaking two initiatives in skill development under the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) which are as follows:
- i. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) is a placement linked skill development program which allows skilling in a PPP mode and assured placements in regular jobs in an organization not owned by the skilled person. A total of 2.28 lakh youths have been trained in the year 2018-19 against a target of skilling of 2 lakh rural youth.
- ii. Skill  development  through  Rural  Self  Employment  and  Training  Institutes  (RSETI), thereby enabling the trainee to take Bank credit and start his/her own Micro-enterprise. Some of such trainees may also seek regular salaried jobs. Under this scheme, a total of 4.03 lakh youths have been skilled in the year 2018-19 against a target of skilling of 3.95 lakh youth.

(b): DDU-GKY  is  being  undertaken  as  PPP  Project  all  over  the  country  through  Project Implementing  Agencies  (PIAs)  registered  with  the  Ministry  of  Rural  Development.  Further, Guidelines  of  the  scheme  mandate  State  Governments  to  take  up  skill  training  projects  with Corporate Social Responsibility funding. (c) & (d): Yes,  Sir.   DDU-GKY  Guidelines  provide  for  setting  apart  15%  of  the  funds  at national level for beneficiaries from among minority groups.

(e): DDU-GKY and RSETI schemes covers rural parts of all the States of the country.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 4935 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-23
Subject: Statehood for Puducherry
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: Vaithilingam Ve.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4935

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 23 RD  JULY, 2019/ SHRAVANA 1, 1941 (SAKA)

STATEHOOD FOR PUDUCHERRY

4935. SHRI VE. VAITHILINGAM:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  it  is  a  fact  that  the  Government  of  Puducherry  through  its assembly  has  passed  resolutions  for  grant  of  Statehood  to  Puducherry and if so, the details thereof;

(b) whether it is a fact that all party memorandum has been submitted to Hon'ble Prime Minister and Hon'ble Home Minister for grant of Statehood to Puducherry and if so, the details thereof; and

(c)  whether  the  issue  of  Statehood  has  been  pending  with  the  Union Government for a long time and if so, the time by which the Government is likely to bring a legislation for grant of Statehood to Puducherry?

ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY)

(a) to (c): The Puducherry Legislative Assembly has passed resolutions seeking Statehood for the UT of Puducherry, the latest one being dated 19.07.2018.    The  resolution  was  considered  in  this  Ministry  and  it  was decided to continue with the present arrangement.  As such, no proposal is  pending  with  the  Government  of  India  for  consideration  of  grant  of Statehood to Puducherry.

********