Lok Sabha Question No. 1624 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-02
Subject: Effect of Diseases on Livestock
Ministry: FISHERIES, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING
Asked by: Santokh Singh Chaudhary

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FISHERIES, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1624 TO BE ANSWERED ON 2 ND  JULY 2019

## EFFECT OF DISEASES ON LIVESTOCK

## 1624. SHRI SANTOKH SINGH CHAUDHARY:

Will the Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying मत्स्यपालन , पशुपालन और डेयरी मंत्री be pleased to state:

- (a) whether it is a fact that foot and mouth disease and Brucellosis significantly diminish the milk production;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the steps taken by the Government to combat foot and mouth disease and Brucellosis; and
- (d) whether the Government has any plan to permanently eliminate these diseases, if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR FISHERIES, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING

(DR. SANJEEV KUMAR BALYAN)

- a)    Yes. It is a fact that Foot and Mouth Disease and Brucellosis significantly diminish milk production.
- b) A number of research literature, published in different journals (details of which are given in  Annexure  A)  have  mentioned  about  the  losses  of  milk  yield  due  to  FMD.  Similarly,  with respect to Brucellosis, there is also lowered milk production to the tune of approximately 10% of the total lactation yield in Brucella positive cattle and buffaloes.

(c)  &  (d)  The  Department  of  Animal  Husbandry  &  Dairying  is  implementing  the  Livestock Health & Disease Control Scheme under which the Foot & Mouth Disease Control (FMD-CP) is being  implemented  since  2003  and  Brucella  Control  Programme(B-CP)  is  being  implemented since 2010 for control of FMD and Brucellosis in the country.

More, recently the National Animal Disease Control Programme for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Brucellosis has been approved by the Cabinet on 31.05.2019 as a new Central Sector Scheme  for  a  total  outlay  of  Rs.13,343.00  crore  for  five  years  (2019-24).  An  amount  of Rs.2683.00 crore is proposed for the financial year 2019-20. It has the following components:

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  (FMD)  Control  Programme:  The  programme  envisages  100% vaccination of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs at six monthly intervals in the entire country. Further,  animals  will  be  identified  using  unique  animal  identification  ear  tags.  The  programme also includes de-worming of targeted population of livestock twice a year as one of its activities.

Brucellosis Control Programme: The programme envisages 100% vaccination coverage of female cattle and buffalo calves (4-8 months age) once in a life time.

The proposal envisages complete control of FMD and Brucellosis in cattle and buffalos by 2025 with vaccination and subsequent eradication by 2030.

## Literatures available on loss of milk yield due to FMD:

1. Vijay Bahadur Sharma et al., 2016 (International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 9 (3): 463-465, June 2016) studied ' effects of diseases on milk production and body weight of cattle in Uttar Pradesh'. The analysis of the data on milk reduction revealed the significant difference (p<0.01) in milk reduction due to various diseases. Over all  milk  reduction  due  to  different  diseases  was  46.56%  Among  all  the  diseases,  FMD caused significantly higher milk reduction (63.40%).
2. B  Singh  et  al,  2013  (Indian  Journal  of  Animal  Sciences  83  (9):  964-970)  reported 'Estimation  of  economic  losses  due  to  foot  and  mouth  disease  in  India'.  The  morbidity losses  contributed  about  97.64%  and  rest  (2.36%)  by  mortality  of  animals.  Among different components of losses the maximum loss of 49.83% was observed due to milk loss (direct  and  indirect).  Followed  by  opportunity  cost  (16.15%)  and  reduction  in  growth (12.20%).
3. G.  Govindaraj  et  al.,  2017  (Transboundary  and  Emerging  Diseases.  64  (2017)  849-860) conducted the impact of FMD outbreak in cattle and buffaloes on farming community in Karnataka state,  India.  A perceptible milk  yield loss due to FMD was observed in short term and long term. In indigenous cattle, average duration of illness was 38 days with per animal milk yield loss in short term and long term was 60 USD and 23 USD, respectively. In Crossbred cattle, average duration of illness was 43 days with milk yield loss in short term was 216 USD/animal and in long term was 111 USD/animal. In local and upgraded buffaloes, short-term milk yield loss was 52 USD/animal and 121 USD/animal, respectively, whereas long-term loss was 37 USD/animal and 65 USD/animal, respectively. The total milk yield loss across the species revealed the highest loss of 327 USD/animal in Crossbred cattle  (ranging  from  31  to  1022  USD)  followed  by  upgraded buffaloes (207 USD/animal), local buffaloes (96 USD/animal) and indigenous cattle (83 USD/animal).
4. A study by Lyons NA et al., 2015 (Preventive Veterinary medicine 120 (2):177-186) was designed using individual animal data from a large-scale dairy farm in Kenya to estimate the impact of an FMD outbreak on milk yield. At the herd level, the average daily yields decreased from around 20 to 13 kg per cow, recovering approximately 2 months after the commencement of the outbreak.
5. Sulav  Adhikari,  2018  (Acta  Scientific  Agriculture  2  (8),  2018)  reported  that  in  FMD affected  animals  milk  production  greatly  reduces  than  in  normal  condition.  The  milk production generally decreases in 2 nd and 3 rd week period. In the study the milk loss was found to be average of 34% with maximum loss of 39% and minimum loss of 24%. On an average  milk  production  before  FMD  was  71.72  liter  per  week  per  cow  and  after  FMD milk production was found to be 47.56. there was loss of more than 24 liter of milk per week

(As gathered from ICAR)

## Annexure A