Lok Sabha Question No. 1449 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-12-19
Subject: National Aerospace Laboratories
Ministry: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: ANIL SHIROLE, PARBHUBHAI NAGARBHAI VASAVA, George Baker

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

## DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1449

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 19.12.2018)

## NATIONAL AEROSPACE LABORATORIES

## 1449. SHRI ANIL SHIROLE:

SHRI PARBHUBHAI NAGARBHAI VASAVA: SHRI GEORGE BAKER:

## Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) the  details  of  the  number  of  National  Aerospace Laboratories  across the country, State/UT-wise including West Bengal, Gujarat and Maharashtra;
- (b) the  details  of  the  funds  sanctioned,  allocated  and  utilized  by  these laboratories during the last three years and the current year, State/UTwise including West Bengal;
- (c) the  details  of  the  target  set  and  achievements  made  by  these laboratories during the above-said period;
- (d) whether the Government is planning to develop drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) by these laboratories;
- (e)
- if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and
- (f) the details of the funds likely to be sanctioned for this purpose along with the details of the target likely to be set for this?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. HARSH VARDHAN)

- (a) Council  of  Scientific  &  Industrial  Research  (CSIR)  has  a  constituent laboratory      namely,  National  Aerospace  Laboratories  (CSIR-NAL),  is involved  in  Research  &  Development  activities  of  the  aerospace sector.  The  laboratory  is  located  in  Bengaluru,  Karnataka.  There  are no extension centres or units of CSIR-NAL established in other states of the country including West Bengal, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

- (b) The funds allocated and utilized by CSIR-NAL for the last three years and current year are given below:

(Rs. in crore)

| Year     |   Funds Allocated/utilized |
|----------|----------------------------|
| 2015-16  |                    232.71  |
| 2016-17  |                    258.751 |
| 2017-18  |                    318.455 |
| 2018-19* |                    283.082 |

*upto 30-11-2018

- (c) CSIR-NAL's  target as per its  mandate  is  to  develop  aerospace technologies, pursue cutting edge science in the domain, design and build small, medium sized civil aircraft, and support national aerospace programmes. CSIR-NAL has been involved in all the major aerospace programs in the country, notably the Light Combat Aircraft (Tejas)  of  Aeronautical  Development Agency (ADA), the Satellite and Launch  Vehicle  Programs  of  Indian  Space  Research  Organization (ISRO), and the Missile Programs of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). The S&T contributions of CSIR-NAL in  these  strategic  areas  has  helped  the  country  in  overcoming  the technology-denial  regimes  at  critical  junctures.  Additionally,  it  has helped  to  protect  confidentiality  of  strategic  data  and  enhance  the nation's prestige in the international arena.  A brief note on significant achievements for the last three years is provided at Annexure-I.
- (d)&(e)Yes, Madam. The details of activities in area of drones / Unmanned Air Vehicle being undertaken by CSIR-NAL is given at Annexure-II.
- (f) The  details  of  funds  sanctioned  under  different  projects  and  the targets  set  in  the  area  of  Drones/Unmanned  Air  Vehicles  is  given  at Annexure-III.

## I. SIGNIFICANT S&T ACHIEVEMENTS 2015-16

## Integrated Global bus Avionics Processing System (IGAPS)

Integrated  Global  Bus  Avionics  Processing  System  (IGAPS)  is  one  of  the  most  technologically challenging aircraft core computing platform ever designed within the country.  The Integrated Global bus Avionics Processing System (IGAPS) with features like Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet, ARINC 653 compliance and wide bandwidth for communication has been successfully designed, developed and integrated for the first time in India at  CSIR-NAL. It has been integrated with sophisticated real time Automated Test Station for simulation, debugging and application integration. Indigenized IGAPS can be used effectively across different  types  of  aircraft  like fighter,  civil  or  Unmanned  Air  vehicles.  The system is state of the art product with core technologies like ARINC 664, ARINC 818, ARINC 653 and VITA 46 backplane system. The indigenous cost is 70% lesser as compared to FE cost.

## Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) Programme

CSIR-NAL is  one  of  the  lead  agencies  for  Micro  Aerial  Vehicle  (MAV)  development  in  the  country. Significant achievements in the current reporting period include; the consistency and reliability in the flight  performance  of  200  mm  and  150  mm  MAVs,  successful  flight  of  the  2.5  kg  mini  UAV  under autonomous  operation,  aerial  mapping  of  an  ancient  archaeological  site  under  a  joint  program  with National Institute for Advanced Studies (NIAS) and the initial aerial survey of wild life at the Muthangya forest (Wayanad District) in cooperation with the Kerala Forest Department. A few user demonstrations have  been  carried  out  jointly  with  Aeronautical  Development  Establishment  (ADE)  and  promotional flight  demos given to Chhattisgarh Police, CRPF (Dhantawade), NSG (Manesar) and Artillery Center (Deolali).

Towards  achieving  self-reliance  in  technologies  for  MAVs/UAVs,  the  laboratory  has  successfully completed the design, development and implementation of a range of Miniature digital Autopilots for MAVs achieving a minimum weight budget of 2.6 grams. Autopilot system (APV4.2) with weight of 4.2 grams (including onboard connectors) and dimensions of 30x28 mm has been successfully designed, developed, integrated and flight tested.

## Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)

CSIR-NAL has made significant contributions in the area of special materials. The pseudo-elastic NiTi shape  memory  alloy  (SMA)  wires  in  the  diameter  range  0.2-0.5  mm  with  properties  suitable  for biomedical applications have been developed and fabricated. The functional response of the NiTi wires for orthodontic application has been demonstrated successfully using a mouth simulator.

## Development and characterization of PVDF film for surface pressure sensing

CSIR-NAL polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) sensors were designed, fabricated and tested for operational pressure  range  0-5  bars.  The  performance  was  compared  with  a  commercially  available  pressure sensor and the results were found to be in good agreement. Further, PVDF sensors were tested on NACA 4415 airfoil in wind tunnel and variation in output peak voltage was measured for wind speed in the range 0-20 m/s.

## DRISHTI - Fast & Accurate Transmissometer

DRISHTI,  an  airport  runway  visibility  assessor  system  developed  by  NAL  is  a  fast  and  accurate transmissometer. Under the MoU with Indian Metrological Department the systems were installed and commissioned at New Delhi, Jaipur, Amritsar, Lucknow, Dehradun, Patna, Ahmedabad, Varanasi, and Guwahati  airports.  Soon  other  airports  across  the  country  would  also  be  equipped  with  NAL's indigenously developed DRISHTI systems. Considering the success of DRISHTI, Tata Power Systems has placed firm order on NAL to procure and install Drishti systems (54 nos.) at IAF airfields. NAL has supplied 22 systems to eight Air Force Stations in a record time of three weeks in the month of March 2016.

## Contributions to LCA-Tejas Programme

During the year, three sets (7 parts/set) of Centre fuselage parts, one set of Fin & Rudder assembly and two sets (10 parts/set) of MLG aft doors with Fairings for Tejas were delivered to the production group (HAL) for the series production (SP) aircraft. As a part of validating the LCA fuselage design, structural testing of fuselage F1A tank test box with individual CFC panel assemblies was tested up to 180% of design load at RT to meet the design and certification requirements. Further, Control laws of LCA-Tejas (Air force Variant) were upgraded to include advance features like the Automatic Low Speed Recovery (ALSR). Following the success of the first SKI jump launch at Goa of the LCA-Naval variant, an advanced SKI jump Take Off mode (SJTO mode) was designed and included in the naval version of flight control laws.

## Contributions to IAF's Mirage Up-Gradation Programme

CSIR-NAL  has  contributed  significantly  to  the  Mirage  aircraft  up-gradation  programme  of  IAF.  The significant contributions include: (a) studies on effect of the new stores on Mirage, Euler computations using Fluent and RANS computations using SU2  performed over Mirage aircraft with Crystal maze missile at transonic Mach numbers. Both solvers were also used for side slip studies on Mirage with Crystal maze missile.

## Contributions to ISRO's RLV-TD programme

CSIR- NAL was proud to associate with the successful launch of ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD).  Acoustic tests on the RLV-TD were carried out at the Acoustic test Facility (ATF) of CSIR-NAL during April 2016. These tests were primarily to assess the integrity of the  vehicle  under  acoustic  loads  during  the  lift-off  phase  and  during  the  flight  through  the  denser portions of the atmosphere.

## Weather Radomes - Installation of Radomes at Gopalpur, Odisha and Kochi, Kerala

As a part of a multi-organizational weather monitoring programme involving Indian Metrological Department,  Department  of  Space,  Bharat  Electronics  Ltd.,  and  NAL,  the  CSMST  team  of CSIR-NAL has successfully completed the installation of DWR Mark II Radome at Gopalpur seashore, near Chandipur, Odhisa in May 2015 and at Kochi, Kerala in December 2015. With the successful completion of these two installations, the DWR Mark II Radome indigenization program, that has a significant role in weather monitoring activities of IMD, has successfully met the objectives and culminated with dissemination of the technology to industry.

## II. S&T ACHIEVEMENTS 2016-17

## Development of Acoustic Based Hit Identification and Analysis System (ABHIAS)

CSIR-NAL has taken up the development  of Acoustic  Based  Hit  Identification  and  Analysis System (ABHIAS) for marksmanship training in the subsonic range. It is primarily aimed at the strategic  market  consisting  of  the  Armed  Forces-Army,  Navy  and  Air  Force,  CRPF,  CISF, NSG, BSF etc. Considering there are more than 2000 firing ranges across India requiring at least 8 systems per firing range, this indigenous system has good market potential. Apart from low  maintenance  cost  this  indigenous  system  is  60%  of  the  cost  of  comparable  imported system.

## Certification of indigenous Carbon Fiber

During the year certification of airworthiness of indigenously developed standard modulus grade carbon fibre were tested for the certification by the Centre for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC) under inspection coverage by the Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA).

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) will be taking up this technology for establishing 100 TPA carbon fibre plant through MIDHANI

## ADA's LCA-Tejas Programme

CSIR-NAL continued its support to the ADA's LCA-Tejas Programme and made contributions in the areas of design, fabrication and R&D of composite structures. During the year, three sets of fin and rudder assemblies were delivered from SP4 to SP6 aircraft. Four sets (10 parts/set) of MLG aft doors with  fairings  were  delivered  to  SP4  to  SP7  aircraft.  Three  out  of  seven  centre  fuselage  parts  were supplied to aircraft up to SP18. All parts of fin, rudder and 6 centre fuselage parts produced at TAML, Bengaluru under the QA coverage of NAL. Further the National Control Law team for LCA-Tejas led by CSIR-NAL  completed  the  control  law  design  modifications  for  Final  Operation  Clearance  (FOC)  of LCA-Mk1 aircraft and trainer variant. Air data algorithms were developed for AIR - to- AIR refuelling mode. LCA Navy successfully completed 12 ski jumps with the modified SKI jump take off mode. All variants were flown during Aero India 2017.

## IAF's Mirage Aircraft Up-Gradation Programme

CSIR-NAL has contributed significantly to the Mirage aircraft up-gradation programme of IAF. The  significant  contributions  include:  (a)  store  separation  suite  consists  of  CFD  mesh  free solver developed to carry out weapon integration studies involving trajectory computations for about 96 configurations including single as well as multiple release of stores, (b) Finite element model of the aircraft having dynamic characteristics generated from 3-D CAD model which can be used for static stress and dynamic analysis of the aircraft with different store configuration, (c)  aero-mechanical  load  analysis  to  compute  the  load  envelopes  and  reactions,  and  (d) aeromechanical studies of new stores on the Mirage aircraft were carried out to provide data for stability and control (S&C) analysis in support of flight clearance.

## Wind Solar Hybrid (WiSH) for societal benefit

The renewable energy  initiative  launched  by  CSIR-NAL  along  with  its  industrial  partner  M/s  Aparna Renewable Energy Systems (ARES) has culminated in installing 1 kW WiSH at science and technology educational institutions in Bangalore. In addition, four units of 1 kW hybrid systems will be installed at the CSIR-IMMT campus at Bhubaneshwar.

## Hansa-Next Generation Aircraft

Studies related to design and production of New Generation Hansa (Hansa-NG) featuring an all glass cockpit were carried out during the reporting year. Hansa -3 successfully made its flight in the eleventh edition  of  Aero  India  2017.  Showcasing  the  static  display  of  Hansa-NG  glass  cockpit  was  a  major attraction. The event provided a significant platform in bolstering business opportunities in international aviation sector. One Hansa-3 aircraft was handed over to M/s Mesco Aerospace Limited. The firm has shown keen interest in licensed production and marketing of Hansa-NG aircraft.

## DRISHTI

DRISHTI, an airport runway visibility assessor system developed by NAL has completed installation in ten international airports of India. All the systems have been validated and Class-1 certification have been issued. Further, supply of 54 Drishti systems to eighteen Indian Air Force airfields through Tata Power SED completed successfully during the year. The Integrated Drishti Aviation Weather Monitoring System (D-AWMS) installed at IGI Airport, New Delhi went through rigorous validation and emerged as a successful product.

## Mini UAV SUCHAN

CSIR-NAL has taken up project to translate the mini UAV 'SUCHAN' into a marketable product. In this project, successful efforts were made to increase the endurance of the vehicle and safety modes are included  in  the  NAL  autopilot.  With  wings  made  out  of  EPP  foam  and  GFRP  skin  has  reduced  the weight of SUCHAN around 300-400 grams compared to Kevlar wings. With these modifications and high capacity, the vehicle could successfully fly more than 100 minutes. As part of the user interaction, SUCHAN  UAV  flight  demonstrations  were  shown  to  Air  Force  officials  of  western  command  in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

## GMR based gear tooth position sensor

A  giant  magnetoresistance  (GMR)  based  gear  tooth  position  sensor  was  successfully  developed  at CSIR-NAL.  The  developed  speed  sensor  module  (NAL  GSTM-14xx)  as  per  the  system  required specification  (SRS)  provided  by  TVS  motor  Limited,  Tamilnadu.  NAL  GSTM-14xx  was  certified  by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune and the vehicle test was covered more than 10000 km.

## III. SIGNIFICANT S&T ACHIEVEMENTS 2017-18

## Multi Zone Hot Bonder for Composite Repairs

Two Non- Exclusive License Agreements for production, marketing and commercialization Multi Zone Hot Bonder were signed with MSME industries M/s SAN Process Automation, Bangalore and M/s Ajay Sensors, Bangalore during the year. Both are targeting the Maintenance, Repair & overhaul (MRO) of airline industries, base repair depots of IAF and wind farms. CSIR-NAL will provide the hand holding assistance for absorption of technology, dissemination, demonstration, manufacturing of product and associated prove outs for a period of one year in order to ensure smooth technology transfer to the MSME industries.

## ADA's LCA-Tejas Programme

CSIR-NAL continued its support to the ADA's LCA-Tejas Programme. Advanced Composites Division (ACD) - NAL continued to make contributions in the areas of design, fabrication and R&D of composite structures. For Series Production programme of LCA, four sets of Fin and Rudder assembly from SP 7 to  SP  10  aircraft,  seven  sets  of  Trouser  duct  and  Circular  duct  top  parts  were  realized  from  the production  partner  Tata  Advanced  Materials  Ltd.,(TAML).  Three  out  of  seven  Centre  fuselage  parts were supplied for aircraft up to SP 20 by TAML. Eight sets (10 parts/set) of MLG forward doors with fairings from SP9 to SP16, ten sets (10 parts/set) of MLG aft doors with fairings from SP8 to SP16 were delivered by NAL. All parts of fin, rudder and six centre fuselage parts are being produced at TAML under the Quality Assurance coverage of CSIR-NAL. Further, all three variants of the LCA Tejas aircraft underwent safe envelope expansion to meet the objectives of the final operating clearance under the leadership of National Control Law team for LCA-Tejas led by CSIR-NAL. The LCA Tejas simulation activities  were  supported  with  the  Engineer  in  Loop  Simulator  (ELS). The  simulator  was  augmented with wake models for the LCA as well as Sukhoi aircraft. The Structural Technologies Division at NAL has contributed to LCA related to static aeroelastic load computation for LCA Mk-1 composite fin, birdstrike  analysis  on  windshield  and  frame  assembly,  static  structural  strength  testing  of  LCA  F1A  fuel tank, static strength test of fixed air to air refueling probe receiving structure for LCA Mk-1 aircraft, and damage tolerance evaluation of LCA wing root fitting box under variable amplitude loads.

## Desktop Autoclave

Under  the  FTT  project,  the  desktop  autoclave  was  developed  to  meet  the  expectations  of academia  and  research  institutions  in  establishing  an  affordable,  low  energy  consuming, aerospace grade autoclave. With a working volume of 450mm diameter and 500mm length,

operating conditions of 200°C temperature and 7bar pressure and an intuitive control system, the  user  can  develop  small  size  aerospace  grade  composites.  The  desktop  autoclave  was successfully commissioned and number of cure trials were carried out. Non-Exclusive License Agreement for production and marketing of Desktop autoclave was signed with  M/s.  Milvus Aero Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru and M/s. Datasol India Pvt., Ltd. First order from IIT Madras has been received and few more orders are expected. The development of microwave hybrid autoclave development is in progress.

## Airboat for Cleaning Lakes

The once-ubiquitous Maruti 800 may have lived out its life, but its engine has found a new host and is doing  pretty  well.  The  first-of-its-kind  airboat,  developed  in  India  by  CSIR-National  Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), which was built to clear out weeds from Ulsoor Lake, has successfully undergone trials.

## SARAS PT1N - First Flight

The  new  upgraded  version  of  SARAS,  the  indigenous  transport  aircraft  developed  by  NAL, 'successfully' made its maiden flight on 24th January 2018 in Bengaluru. Continued with the success of first flight, SARAS was successfully test flown for the second time on 21st February 2018. Dr. Harsh Vardhan Hon'ble Union Minister for S&T, and VP CSIR along with DG, CSIR witnessed the second flight and highly appreciative of effort put in by the entire team of NAL, ASTE, DGAQA, CEMILAC and HAL in reviving the project after nearly nine years. Around 10 to  15 more flights will  take place in the next year before the design for improved version of Saras (Mk2) is finalized.

## DRISHTI

DRISHTI, has completed the land mark supply of 101 systems (47 systems to Civilian and 54 systems to Defence Airports). It was a notable achievement that Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore gets a taste of Prime Minister's Make in India with NAL's Drishti during the year. Following this success, the Airport Weather Monitoring System (AWMS) developed by the laboratory has been installed at Mangalore International Airport in June 2017. This airport is the first airport in the country to have indigenously developed AWMS. The system measures Wind  Speed,  Wind  Direction,  Humidity,  Pressure,  Temperature  and  Dew  Point  along  with Visibility.

## SUCHAN UAV

NAL's autopilot and Ground Control Station were integrated using NAL-UAV communication protocol. Currently, NAL mini UAV-SUCHAN flies with NAL autopilot and NAL Ground Control Station. SUCHAN UAVs endurance is increased to 90 minutes from 60 minutes by modifying wing  span  and  incidence  angle.  The  UAV  is  configured  for  two  major  applications.  While surveillance is the primary objective of the project, however based on request from the users, the UAV is also configured for geo-spatial mapping applications. In collaboration with CSIRCIMFR, one case study of geo-spatial mapping of coal mining fields (opencast coal mine in Sonepur  BAZAR Area in  Budwan  District,  West  Bengal)  during  19-20  December  2017  was carried  out  with  SUCHAN. The geo-tagged images taken from UAV were further processed offline  to  create  orthomosaic  and  Digital  Elevation  Model  (DEM)  models  of  the  coal  mining area.

## IP Core 818

CSIR-NAL has taken-up design, development and certification of FPGA based IP core 818 as a part of the international standard RTCA DO-254 for avionics video and data widely used in Civil and Defence advanced display systems. CEMILAC has taken good initiative to start the DO 254 process for FPGA based IP core to establish the process, guidelines and complete framework  to  certify  the  IP  cores  in  the  country.      This  is  being  used  for  design  studies, evaluation  of  cockpit  ergonomics  and  interface  studies  for  mechanical  as  well  as  electrical interfaces.

## NiTi Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)

CSIR-NAL  has  signed  an  agreement  with  M/s  Mishra  Dhatu  Nigam  (MIDHANI)  Limited, Hyderabad  on  transfer  of  technology  (ToT)  for  commercial  production  of  engineering  and biomedical grades of SMAs. The ToT to MIDHANI for production of engineering products such as rods, plates, wires and strips has been completed and the products are now commercially sold by MIDHANI.  During the last one year, CSIR-NAL and Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) have worked together in unison and finalized the design and fabrication scheme for NiTi SMA stent grafts. The first prototype stent graft has already been fabricated and the same is being subjected to functional and biological tests at SCTIMST. Concurrently, SCTIMST has also taken up biocompatibility and toxicology studies on the SE NiTi SMA developed at CSIR-NAL.

## Chromic Acid-free Anodization process

Sealed oxide layers developed on AA 2024 by tartaric sulphuric acid (TSA) anodization have exhibited excellent  corrosion  resistance  for  more  than  12  months  of  outdoor  exposure  at  Mandapam  Camp, Rameswaram, TN. The Chromic acid-free anodization process for airworthiness has been certified by RCMA, CEMILAC and CSIR-NAL in talks with HAL and other vendors of aerospace/aircraft industries for licensing of the technology.

## Annexure-II

## Details of activities undertaken by CSIR-NAL in the area of drones or unmanned Air Vehicle:

One of the thrust areas of the CSIR-NAL is development of Micro Air Vehicles and Unmanned Aerial vehicles for strategic and civil applications.  CSIR-NAL has already developed the 2m wing span mini UAV  which  will  be  used  for  1)  Surveillance  application  and  2)  Geospatial  mapping  applications. Currently CSIR-NAL is looking for the partner to transfer the technology for mass production to meet the  requirements  of  the  country  for  the  above  applications.    Currently,  CSIR-NAL  is  involved  in  the following projects:

1. VTOL winged UAV for Multi-Mission Applications (VTOL-UAV):

Medium sized Separate Lift Thrust (SLT) vehicle VTOL UAV (AUW: 10 kg) upto 2 kg payload  will  find  applications  in  health  care  service,  smart  city  patrolling,  railways, strategic, agricultural, forest dept., societal missions etc.;

2. UAV  based  high  resolution  remote  sensing  for  modernized  and  efficient  cultivation practices of commercially important medicinal and aromatic crops. (Acronym: DroneAgri);

Development of standardized protocols for UAV based remote sensing and geospatial mapping is important for Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (MAPs) crops. The UAVs will be equipped with multispectral cameras to survey the region and produce high resolution geo-tagged aerial images. These multiband images will be processed further to produce high definition vegetation maps which will monitor the health and improve in productivity of plants

## 3. DRone based Electromagnetic and Magnetic system (DREAM)

Indigenous  design  and  development  of  DRone  based  Electromagnetic  and  Magnetic system (DREAM) for geophysical exploration, with under-slung Transmitter & Receiver assembly and on board Transmitter current source, data acquisition system with GPS navigation.

******

## Annexure-II I

The  ongoing  projects  for  development  of  UAVs  are  funded  by  CSIR-Hq  under  Fast  Track Translation  Project  (FTT  -  VTOL),  Focused  Based  Research  Project  (FBR  -  DroneAgri)  Mission Mode Project (MMP- DREAM) categories of the project.  The funding to CSIR-NAL is as below:

(Rs. In Lakhs)

| Sl. No      | Title of the project                                                                                                                                                                   |   2018-19 |   2019-20 |   Grand Total |
|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|---------------|
| 1           | VTOL winged UAV for Multi-Mission Applications (VTOL-UAV)                                                                                                                              |     166.6 |      83   |         249.6 |
| 2           | UAV based high resolution remote sensing for modernized and efficient cultivation practices of commercially important medicinal and aromatic crops (Acronym: DroneAgri): NAL component |      58   |      90   |         148   |
| 3           | DRone based Electromagnetic And Magnetic system (DREAM) : NAL component                                                                                                                |     511.2 |     132.2 |         643.4 |
| Grand Total | Grand Total                                                                                                                                                                            |     735.8 |     305.2 |        1041   |

## Targets/Deliverables:

## Project Title: VTOL winged UAV for Multi-Mission Applications (VTOL-UAV)

-  SLT-VTOL Design and System Configuration
-  UAV structure
-  Aerodynamic and aeroelastic testing/analysis
-  Obstacle avoidance and smart mission planning software
-  VTOL UAV with all integrated subsystems
-  Flight Testing of  SLT-VTOL UAV

Project Title: UAV based high resolution remote sensing for modernized and efficient cultivation  practices  of  commercially  important  medicinal  and  aromatic  crops. (Acronym: DroneAgri)

## CSIR-NAL targets :

-  Field experiments and Air borne Image acquisition
-  High resolution geo-tagged aerial images
-  Band ratio and vegetation indices (e.g. NDVI, Red Edge, etc.) maps
-  Maps on species under cultivation
-  Crop canopy density map
-  Canopy stress/health map
-  Thermal emissivity map
-  Protocols for non-destructive and quick assessment of crop growth, crop stress and biochemical parameters

## DRone based Electromagnetic And Magnetic system (DREAM)

## CSIR-NAL targets :

-  Fabrication of Tx & Rx Loop
-  Stability Analysis of Slung Load
-  Integration of Payload
-  Flight Operations