Lok Sabha Question No. 1539 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-12-19
Subject: Lack of Opportunities for Citizens
Ministry: PLANNING
Asked by: GOPAL CHINAYYA SHETTY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PLANNING

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1539 TO BE ANSWERED ON 19.12.2018

## LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR CITIZENS

## 1539. SHRI GOPAL SHETTY

Will the Minister of PLANNING be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is aware that the benefits of development do not reach all the citizens and if so, the facts thereof;
- (b) whether crores of citizens of the country make their both ends meet with a meagre amount as per the report of the National Sample Survey Organisations;
- (c) if so, the State-wise steps taken/proposed to be taken by the Government to increase the employment opportunities for citizens both in rural and urban areas; and
- (d) whether there is any provision to increase old age employment allowance in the country and if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS (RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

- (a) The benefits of development are reaching the intended beneficiaries.
- (b) Average Monthly Per-capita Consumption Expenditure (in Rs.) in India, along with estimated number of households  and  persons  for  each  fractile  class  of  Modified  Mixed  Reference  Period  Monthly  Per-capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCEMMRP) during the period July 2011 to June 2012 as obtained from NSS 68 th round Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) is given at Annexure-I. These are the latest estimates available from NSS survey on Consumer Expenditure. Explanatory Note in respect of concepts, definitions etc. used during the NSS 68 th Round (July 2011-June 2012) round is given at Annexure II.

(c)  &  (d) The  Government  has  taken  various  steps  for  generating  employment  in  the  country  like encouraging private sector of the economy, fast tracking various projects involving substantial investment and increasing public expenditure on schemes like Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP),  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Act  (MGNREGA),  Deendayal Antyodaya  Yojana-National  Rural  Livelihood  Mission  (DAY-NRLM)  and  National  Urban  Livelihood Mission (DAY-NULM). Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana and Startup India are initiated by the Government for facilitating employment. Besides these initiatives, flagship programmes of the Government such as Make in  India,  Digital  India,  Swachh  Bharat  Mission,  Smart  City  Mission,  Atal  Mission  for  Rejuvenation  and Urban  Transformation,  Housing  for  All,  Infrastructure  development,  Industrial  corridors  and  Sagar  Mala have the potential to generate productive employment opportunities. Ministries/Departments/State run skill development  schemes  across  various  sectors  to  improve  the  employability  of  youth.  Direct  intervention schemes such as the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) wherein Government reimburses 25  percent  of  the  stipend  payable  to  apprentices  also  enhances  employability  of  the  youth  to  access employment.

Government has implemented the National Career Service (NCS) Project which comprises a digital portal that provides a nation-wide online platform for jobseekers and employers for job matching in a dynamic, efficient and responsive manner and has a repository of career content.

Further, Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY) has been initiated by the Government in the year  2016-17  for  incentivizing  industry  for  promoting  employment  generation.  Under  this  scheme,  the Government is paying the entire employer's contribution (12% or as admissible) towards the EPF and EPS for  all  sectors  w.e.f  01.04.2018  to  all  eligible  new  employees  for  the  next  3  years  from  the  date  of registration  of  new  employees.  The  last  date  of  registration  under  PMRPY  is  31.03.2019.    Under  the Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995, a minimum pension of Rs.1000/- is ensured for every worker by the Government of India.

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Average Monthly Per-capita Consumption Expenditure in Rs. In India, along with estimated number of households and persons for each fractile class of Modified Mixed Reference Period Monthly Percapita Consumption Expenditure (MPCEMMRP) during NSS 68th Round (July 2011 to June 2012)

|                              | rural                   | rural                                  | rural                             | rural                          | urban                   | urban                                    | urban                            | urban                         |
|------------------------------|-------------------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| fractile class of MPCE MM RP | average MPCE MM RP (Rs) | percentage distributio n of households | estimated no. of househol ds (00) | estimate d no. of persons (00) | average MPCE MM RP (Rs) | percentag e distributio n of household s | estimated no. of households (00) | estimated no. of persons (00) |
| (1)                          | (2)                     | (3)                                    | (4)                               | (5)                            | (6)                     | (7)                                      | (8)                              | (9)                           |
| 0 - 5%                       | 521.44                  | 4.0                                    | 69554                             | 395156                         | 700.5                   | 3.4                                      | 26949                            | 158034                        |
| 5 - 10%                      | 665.84                  | 4.0                                    | 69063                             | 395357                         | 908.92                  | 3.5                                      | 27743                            | 157644                        |
| 10 - 20%                     | 783.24                  | 8.6                                    | 147460                            | 790099                         | 1118.09                 | 7.7                                      | 60392                            | 316387                        |
| 20 - 30%                     | 904.57                  | 8.9                                    | 153542                            | 789917                         | 1362.69                 | 8.0                                      | 62868                            | 315992                        |
| 30 - 40%                     | 1017.8                  | 8.9                                    | 153084                            | 790737                         | 1624.86                 | 8.8                                      | 68694                            | 316033                        |
| 40 - 50%                     | 1135.97                 | 9.5                                    | 162813                            | 790301                         | 1887.65                 | 9.2                                      | 72313                            | 316099                        |
| 50 - 60%                     | 1266.08                 | 9.9                                    | 170586                            | 790052                         | 2180.52                 | 9.7                                      | 75583                            | 316033                        |
| 60 - 70%                     | 1426.76                 | 10.2                                   | 176263                            | 790481                         | 2547.94                 | 10.3                                     | 80759                            | 315913                        |
| 70 - 80%                     | 1645.36                 | 10.9                                   | 187172                            | 790241                         | 3062.85                 | 11.4                                     | 89047                            | 315934                        |
| 80 - 90%                     | 2007.46                 | 11.6                                   | 200308                            | 790313                         | 3892.6                  | 12.6                                     | 98395                            | 316236                        |
| 90 - 95%                     | 2556.33                 | 6.3                                    | 108149                            | 395123                         | 5350.06                 | 6.9                                      | 53817                            | 157907                        |
| 95 - 100%                    | 4481.18                 | 7.2                                    | 123314                            | 395145                         | 10281.84                | 8.4                                      | 65759                            | 157961                        |
| all classes                  | 1429.96                 | 100.0                                  | 1721307                           | 790292 1                       | 2629.65                 | 100.0                                    | 782319                           | 3160173                       |

Source: NSS Report No.555: Level and Pattern of Consumer Expenditure, 2011-12, NSS 68 th Round

## Explanatory Note

Household :  A group of person normally living together and taking food from a common kitchen constitutes a household.

Household size : The size of a household is the total number of persons in the household.

Household  consumer  expenditure: The  expenditure  incurred  by  a  household  on  domestic  consumption during the reference period is the household's consumer expenditure.

Monthly  per  capita  expenditure  (MPCE): In  NSS  MPCE  is  defined  as  the  ratio  of  household  monthly consumer expenditure and    household  size  (MPCE=household  monthly  consumer  expenditure  ÷  household size). Each individual's MPCE is defined as the MPCE of the household to which the person  belongs.

Modified Mixed Reference Period MPCE ( MPCEMMRP )  This is  the measure of MPCE obtained by the CES when household consumer expenditure  on  edible  oil,  egg,  fish  and  meat,  vegetables,  fruits,  spices, beverages, refreshments, processed food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants is recorded for a reference period of 'last  7  days',  and  items  of  clothing  and  bedding,  footwear,    education,  institutional  medical  care,  and durable goods is recorded for a reference period of 'last 365 days', and expenditure on all other items is recorded with a reference period of  'last 30 days'.

Fractiles and fractile classes of MPCE: The first fractile class of MPCE over the population is the level of MPCE below which 5% of the population lie, the second fractile class of MPCE is the level of MPCE below which 10% of the population lie, the third fractile class of MPCE is the level of MPCE below which 20% of the  population  lie  and  so  on.  The  12 th fractile  of  the  MPCE  distribution  consists  of  the  top  5%  of  the population ranked by MPCE.