opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 3564 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Shifting of NIT
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Tirath Singh Rawat

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3564 TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.07.2019

## Shifting of NIT

## 3564.  SHRI TIRATH SINGH RAWAT:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  is  aware that  the  land  for  construction  of permanent complex  for  the  proposed  National  Institute of  Technology (NIT)  in  Paudi  district, Uttarakhand  run  in  the  ITI  campus, Srinagar, temporarily has been selected in village Sumaadi;
- (b) whether  the  Government  has  any proposal to  shift  the  Institute  at  some other place and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether  the  Government  is formulating  any  action  plan  to  construct the proposed institute at village Sumaadi, Pauri Garhwal; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## A N S W E R MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

## (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK')

- (a):     Yes Sir, Government of Uttarakhand has allotted land in village Sumaadi for the establishment of permanent campus of NIT Uttarakhand.
- (b): No  such  proposal  is  under  consideration  in  the  Ministry  of  Human Resource Development.
- (c) & (d): Plan for construction of permanent campus at Sumaadi for housing NIT Uttarakhand is under process.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3563 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Reimbursement under Right To Education Act
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Thirumaa Valavan Thol

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3563 TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.07.2019

## Reimbursement under Right To Education Act

## 3563. SHRI THOL THIRUMAAVALAVAN:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

(a)  the  States/UTs  that  have  not  notified  the  per  child  costs  for  reimbursements  under  Section 12.1C of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act; and

- (b) whether any action has been taken against such States and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK')

(a) & (b): 17 States and UTs namely Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Haryana, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Puducherry, Punjab, Sikkim, Telangana and West Bengal have not notified Per  Child  Cost  for  reimbursement  to  private  unaided  schools  against  admission  of  children belonging to disadvantaged groups and weaker sections under Section 12(1)(c) of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009. The RTE Act is not applicable to Jammu & Kashmir and Section 12(1)(c) of the RTE Act is not applicable to Lakshdweep as it does not have any private unaided schools.

Education  is  in  the  concurrent  list  of  the  Constitution  and  majority  of  schools  are  under  the jurisdiction  of  the  State  and  UT  Governments.  However,  Ministry  of  Human  Resource Development (MHRD) vide  letter  no  12-5/2016-EE.11  dated  25.05.2016 requested  States  and UTs which are the appropriate Government under the Act, to carry out a ground assessment of private unaided schools across the country to ensure compliance with provisions of Section 12 (1)(c) of RTE Act, 2009. Further, MHRD, in various meetings like State Education Secretaries conference, Project Approval Board Meetings, Regional Workshops, reviews and emphasizes on the proper implementation of the provisions of RTE Act.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3562 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Pilgrim and Tourism Places in UNESCO List
Ministry: CULTURE
Asked by: S.R. Parthiban

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3562

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.07.2019

## PILGRIM AND TOURISM PLACES IN UNESCO LIST

## 3562. SHRI PARTHIBAN S.R. :

Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state:

- (a) the total number of pilgrim or tourism places in Tamil Nadu awarded by UNESCO;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the  details  of  the  income  and  expenditure  of  such  places  during  the  last  three years?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR CULTURE AND TOURISM (PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL)

- (a)&  (b)  There  are  two  UNESCO  declared  World  Heritage  Monuments  in  Tamil  Nadu. Details of which are mentioned below:-
1. The Group of Monuments at Mamallapuram,District-Kanchipuram
2. The Great living Chola Temples at Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram and Darasuram, Districts- Thanjavur and Ariyalur
- (c) The  details  of  the  income  earned  and  expenditure  incurred  on  above  sites  are placed at Annexure-I.

ANNEXURE-I

## ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (c)  OF  LOK  SABHA  UNSTARRED QUESTION NO 3562 FOR 15.07.2019

1.  The  details  of  expenditure  incurred  on  world  heritage  monuments  under Chennai Circle during the last three years.
2.  Revenue earned through sale of entry tickets at world heritage monument during last three years.

| Name of the Monument                       |   2016-17 Exp. In (Rs.) |   2017-18 Exp. In (Rs.) |   2018-19 Exp. In (Rs.) |
|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|
| Group of Monuments, Mamallapuram           |                 6352743 |                 2353124 |                 3576855 |
| Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur             |                 2840068 |                 3986927 |                 5889457 |
| Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikondacholapuram |                 1118073 |                  774352 |                 1432962 |
| Airavathesvara Temple, Darasuram           |                  817993 |                  651436 |                  868394 |

| Sl.No.   | Name of the Monument   | Period        | Period        | Period        |
|----------|------------------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|          |                        | 2016-17 (Rs.) | 2017-18 (Rs.) | 2018-19 (Rs.) |
| 1        | Group of Monuments,    | 59883890      | 66582430      | 63289720      |
|          | Mamallapuram           |               |               |               |
Lok Sabha Question No. 3561 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Vedic University
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Durga Prasad Rao Balli

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3561 TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.07.2019

## Vedic University

## 3561. SHRI BALLI DURGA PRASAD RAO:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  proposes  to  set  up/open  Vedic  University  in  Vijaywada, Andhra Pradesh; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK')

- (a) to (b): No, Sir. Presently, there is no proposal to set up Vedic University in Andhra Pradesh.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3560 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: KV in Bihar
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Dileshwar Kamait

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

## DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3560 TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.7.2019

## KV IN BIHAR

## † 3560. SHRI DILESHWAR KAMAIT:

- Will  the  Minister  of  HUMAN  RESOURCE  DEVELOPMENT  be  pleased  to state: (a) whether the Government proposes to establish Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs) for the  development  of  qualitative  education  in  the  educationally  backward districts of the country and if so, the details thereof; (b) whether there is no Kendriya Vidyalaya in Supaul district of Bihar due to which the  students  are not  getting  the  benefits of  this scheme  of  the  Government and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the time by which the Government proposes to establish Kendriya Vidyalaya in Supaul district of Bihar so that the students of this educationally backward district may get better qualitative educational environment?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK')

(a) No such proposal is under consideration at present. Proposals for opening of new Kendriya  Vidyalayas  (KVs)  are  considered  only  if  sponsored  by  Ministries  or Departments  of  the  Government  of  India  /  State  Governments  /  Union  Territories Administrations thereby committing resources for setting up a new KV as well as the availability  of necessary sanction of the Government. The proposals received from various sponsoring authorities for opening of new KVs also have to compete among other proposals under the 'Challenge Method'. (b) & (c) 50 new KVs were sanctioned in the country in March, 2019 including one th

- KV at 45 BN SSB, Beerpur, Distt. Supaul, Bihar.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3559 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Tourism Circuits Approved in Kurukshetra
Ministry: TOURISM
Asked by: Nayab Singh

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.†3559

## LOK SABHA ANSWERED ON 15.07.2019

## TOURISM CIRCUITS APPROVED IN KURUKSHETRA

## †3559. SHRI NAYAB SINGH:

Will the Minister of TOURISM be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government had approved Krishna Circuit-I and CircuitII  in  Kurukshetra  and  proposes  to  formulate  any  scheme  for  the renovation of 134 pilgrim places falling within 48 'kos' under this;
- (b)
- (c)
- if so, the details thereof; and
- if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) (SHRI PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL)

(a) to (c): The Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned the project 'Development of Tourism Infrastructures at places related to Mahabharata in Kurukshetra, Haryana' in the year 2016-17 for Rs.97.35 crore and has released Rs.70.60 crore for the project. The project covers development  of  Brahm  Sarovar,  Jyotisar,  Narkatari  and  Sanhit  Sarovar. The  components  sanctioned  include  Last  Mile  Connectivity,  Tourist Information and Facilitation Centres, Multimedia Laser Show, Exhibition Gallery,  Electrifictaion  and  Illumination,  Signages,  Façade  Work,  Mural Works,  Bathing  Ghats,  Gazebos,  Parkings,  CCTV,  WiFi  and  Security Systems  etc.  among  other  basic  tourist  amenities  like  Drinking  water kiosks, Public conveniences etc.

The Ministry has received the project proposal for 'Development of Krishna Circuit Phase II' for Rs.97.06 crore, for development of various pilgrim destinations in the districts of Kurukshetra, Karnal, Kaithal, Jind, Panipat and Mewat, falling within 48 Kos Parikrama in Haryana.

The  projects  under  the  Swadesh  Darshan  Scheme  are  sanctioned subject  to  availability  of  funds,  submission  of  suitable  detailed  project reports, their adherence to the scheme and utilization of funds released earlier.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3558 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: BSBD Accounts Scheme
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Srinivas Kesineni

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## LOK SABHA UN-STARRED QUESTION No. 3558

ANSWERED ON 15 TH  JULY, 2019 (MONDAY)/ ASHADHA 24, 1941 (SAKA)

## BSBD ACCOUNTS SCHEME

## 3558. SHRI SRINIVAS KESINENI:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  RBI  has  recently  relaxed  norms  for  Basic  Savings  Bank  Deposit  (BSBD) accounts,  whereby  banks  are  allowed  to  provide  basic  facilities  like  cheque  book  and minimum  four  withdrawals,  without  any  charges  and  without  requirement  of  maintaining minimum balance, if so, the details thereof and the time by which the new norms are likely to be implemented;

(b)  the  details  of  the  category  of  persons  who  are  eligible  or  covered  under  the  BSBD Accounts Scheme;

(c)  the  manner  in  which  the  RBI  ensures  that  the  banks  do  not  treat  or  convert  BSBD accounts into normal saving bank accounts and start imposing charges; and

(d) the details of the safeguards or penalties RBI proposes to impose to protect the interests of small SB account holders?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI ANURAG SINGH THAKUR)

(a) to (d) : Reserve Bank of India (RBI)  vide  its circular  dated 10.06.2019 has revised their earlier instructions dated 10.08.2012 on Basic Savings Bank Deposit (BSBD) accounts.

As  per  the  revised  Instructions,  Banks  are  advised  to  offer  the  following  basic  minimum facilities in the BSBD Account, free of charge, without any requirement of minimum balance.

-  Deposit of cash at bank branch as well as ATMs/Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs)
-  Receipt/  credit  of  money  through  any  electronic  channel  or  by  means  of  deposit /collection of cheques drawn by Central/State Government agencies and departments
-  No limit on number and value of deposits that can be made in a month
-  Minimum of four withdrawals in a month, including ATM withdrawals
-  ATM Card or ATM-cum-Debit Card

Further, Banks are free to provide additional value-added services, including issue of cheque book,  beyond  the  above  minimum  facilities,  which  may/may  not  be  priced  (in  nondiscriminatory  manner)  subject  to  disclosure.  The  availment  of  such  additional  services should be at the option of the customers.

However,  while  offering  such  additional  services,  banks  shall  not  require  the  customer  to maintain  a  minimum  balance.  Offering  such  additional  services  would  not  make  it  a  nonBSBD Account, so long  as  the  prescribed  minimum  services  are  provided  free  of  charge. The BSBD Accounts are considered a normal banking service available to all.

As  informed  by  banks,  conversion  of  BSBD  account  into  normal  savings  bank  account  is allowed only at the written request of the customer. RBI under Banking Regulation Act, 1949 can impose penalty on banks for non-compliance of any instructions issued by it.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3553 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: LPG Distribution in Hilly Areas
Ministry: PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
Asked by: Ajay Bhatt

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3553 TO BE ANSWERED ON  15 th   JULY, 2019

LPG Distribution in Hilly Areas

†3553. SHRI AJAY BHATT:

पेट्रोल ियम एवं प्राक ृ तिक गैस मंत्री

Will the Minister of PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  is  formulating/proposes  to  formulate  any  scheme  for providing LPG to every household in hilly States of the country including Uttarakhand along  with  the  percentage  of  distribution  so  as  to  prevent  the  deforestation  and ensure the protection of the environment;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the time by when it would be done; and
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## पेट्रोल ियम एवं प्राक ृ तिक गैस मंत्री ( श्री धमेन्द्र प्रधान )

MINISTER OF  PETROLEUM  AND NATURAL GAS (SHRI  DHARMENDRA PRADHAN)

- (a) to (c) In order to provide clean cooking fuel to poor households especially in rural areas,  the  Government  had  launched  'Pradhan  Mantri  Ujjwala  Yojana'  on 01.05.2016  under  which  deposit-free  LPG  connections  are  given  to    poor families. Under the Scheme, LPG connection is released in the name of adult woman of the  poor  family,  subject  to  the  condition  that  no  LPG  connection exists in the name of any family member of the household and fulfilling other terms  and  conditions.  The  Scheme  is  under  implementation  across  the country  including  the  State  of  Uttrakhand.  As  on  08.07.2019,  Oil  Marketing Companies have released more than 7.34 crore LPG connections under the Scheme against the target of 8 crore connections.
- -------
Lok Sabha Question No. 3552 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Outstanding Dues of PSBs
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: Locket Chatterjee

## GOVERNMENT  OF INDIA MINISTRY OF  FINANCE

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO-3552

## LOK SABHA

ANSWERED  ON-15.07.2019

## OUTSTANDING  DUES OF PSBs

## 3552. MS. LOCKET CHATTERJEE

Will  the Minister  of FINANCE  be pleased to state:

- (a) the total  outstanding  dues of Public  Sector  Banks  (PSBs) at present;
- (c)  the  names  of  persons  against   whom   outstanding   dues  exceeding   500  crores exist at present  and the action  taken  so far to  affect the recovery?
- (b) the outstanding  dues of wilful  defaulters  in each bank;  and

## ANSWER

- (a)  As  per  inputs   received   from Reserve   Bank   of  India  (RBI),  as  on  31.3.2019, gross loans and advances of Public  Sector  Banks  (PSBs) were  Rs. 63,82,461  crore.

## THE MINISTER OF  STATE  IN THE  MINISTRY OF  FINANCE (SHRI  ANURAG  SINGH  THAKUR )

- (b)  As per inputs  received  from PSBs, as on 31.3.2019, gross advances of wilful defaulters  were  Rs. 1,49,684 crore.  Bank-wise  details  are at Annex.
- (c) RBI has apprised  that  under  the provisions  of section  45E of the Reserve  Bank of India Act,  1934, RBI is prohibited  from disclosing  credit  information. Section 45E  provides   that   credit   information submitted   by   a  bank   shall   be  treated   as confidential  and not be published  or otherwise  disclosed.

## Lok Sabha Unstarred  Parliament  Question  No. 3552,  for  15.7.2019 Gross advances of wilful  defaulters  of Public Sector Banks, as on 31.3.2019

| Bank                    | Gross Advances   |
|-------------------------|------------------|
| AllahabadBank           | 4,445            |
| Andhra Bank             | 4,733            |
| Bank ofBaroda           | 9,738            |
| Bank ofIndia            | 9,890            |
| Bank ofMaharashtra      | 1,904            |
| CanaraBank              | 4,964            |
| CentralBank ofIndia     | 6,163            |
| Corporation Bank        | 2,803            |
| DenaBank                | 2,171            |
| IndianBank              | 1,696            |
| IndianOverseasBank      | 5,129            |
| OrientalBank ofCommerce | 5,659            |
| Punjaband SindBank      | 286              |
| PunjabNationalBank      | 25,090           |
| StateBank ofIndia       | 46,158           |
| SyndicateBank           | 1,282            |
| UCOBank                 | 4,897            |

Amounts in crore  Rs.

| UnionBank ofIndia   | 4,695   |
|---------------------|---------|
| UnitedBank ofIndia  | 1,836   |
| VijayaBank          | 6,144   |

Source: Banks

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3550 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Reserved Vacancies in IIT/NIT/IISER
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Kaushalendra Kumar, Rajiv Ranjan (Lalan) Singh, Queen Oja

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 3550 TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.07.2019

## Reserved Vacancies in IIT/NIT/IISER

## 3550. SHRI KAUSHALENDRA KUMAR: SHRI RAJIV RANJAN SINGH ALIAS LALAN SINGH: SHRIMATI QUEEN OJA:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

(a) total number of regular recruitments done for the post of Assistant Professors, Associate Professors and Professors  in  the  Central  Government  Colleges  and  Universities,  Indian  Institute  of  Technology  (IIT), National Institute of Technology (NIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER) since 1995 till date, college-wise and University-wise;

- (b)  the  total  regular  recruitments  done  in  Central  Government  Colleges/  Universities  along  with  the category-wise details of (UR/OBC/SC/ST) recruitments done since 1995 till date for Assistant Professors, Associate Professors and Professors;
- (c) the number of employees working on contract basis as Assistant Professors, Associate Professors and Professors and also details of those belonging to UR/OBC/ SC/ST, college-wise and University-wise; and
- (d)  the  duration  of  appointment  of  contractual  employees  and  details  of  sanctioned  strength,  disciplinewise and category-wise in Central Government Colleges and Universities?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK' )

- (a)  &  (b):    The  vacancies  at  various  levels  are  caused  by  various  processes  including  retirements, resignations, deaths, deputations, expansion and opening of new institutions. Occurrence of vacancies and filling them is a continuous process. Such data of recruitments made to the posts of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Professor since 1995, alongwith their  categories, in  various Higher Educational Institutions is not centrally maintained.
- (c)  &  (d):  The  details  of  Adhoc/Guest/Contract/Re-employed  Teachers  deployed  in  various  Central Universities as on 01-04-2019 are as under:-

|   Adhoc |   Guest Faculty |   Contract Faculty |   Re-employed |   Total |
|---------|-----------------|--------------------|---------------|---------|
|     551 |            1582 |                871 |            64 |    3068 |

There are about 4000 teachers (adhoc/guest/contract) working in the 53 colleges affiliated to University of Delhi which are getting maintenance grants from UGC/MHRD.

However, the data regarding the categories of contractual faculty and their duration of appointment is not maintained centrally.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3547 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2019-07-15
Subject: Shortage of Teachers in KV in Kerala
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: Dean Kuriakose

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3547 TO BE ANSWERED ON 15.7.2019 SHORTAGE OF TEACHERS IN KV IN KERALA 3547. ADV. DEAN KURIAKOSE:

Will  the  Minister  of  HUMAN  RESOURCE  DEVELOPMENT  be  pleased  to state: (a) whether there is a shortage of teachers in Kendriya Vidyalaya in Idukki district in Kerala; (b) if so, the details thereof; (c) whether  the  KV  Sangathan  has  received  any  complaints  about  teachers' capabilities or their lack of teaching skills/ learning; and

- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK')

(a) & (b) Yes, Sir. Out of 33 sanctioned teaching posts, 9 posts of teachers are lying vacant in Kendriya Vidyalaya at Idukki district in Kerala. (c) Kendriya  Vidyalaya  Sangathan  has  informed  that  no  such complaints  have been received about teachers' capabilities or their lack of teaching skills/learning. (d) Does not arise.

*****