Lok Sabha Question No. 2255 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-15
Subject: Migration of Poor
Ministry: URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2255

## TO BE ANSWERED ON MARCH 15, 2017

## MIGRATION OF POOR

No. 2255 SHRI PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL:

## Will the Minister of URBAN DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether majority of urban poor people are migratory workers from both intra-State and inter-State in the country.
- (b)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  estimated  number  of  migratory people  from  intra-State  and  inter-State  including  the  standard  of living/per capita, State/UT-wise;
- (c)  whether  the  Government  has  analysed  the  reasons  behind  such miagration  of  people  from  rural  areas  in  the  country  and  if  so,  the details of the outcome thereof;
- (d) whether the Government is aware that migration of people to the urban  areas  is  putting  extreme  pressure  on  various  urban  resources and sectors in the country; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof including  measures  taken  by the Government to discourage the migration of people to urban areas in the country?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT (RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

- (a) & (b): Registrar General, India has not yet published data of internal migration on the results of 2011 census. However, the migration data of 2001 indicates that 20.5 million people migrated from rural areas to urban areas during 1991-2001. Migration streams during 1991-2001 are as under :-

Cont..2…

-  Rural to rural migration within the country 53.3 million
-  Rural to urban migration 20.5 million
-  Urban to rural migration 6.2 million
-  Urban to urban migration 14.3 million

- The number of migration from both intra-state and inter state (for 2001) is given in Annexure I.

(c): Migration is a natural phenomenon related to social and economic development. Population pressure on land, increased opportunities for work, education and a variety of other reasons contribute to migration from rural to urban area. Reasons for migration as per report of Census 2011 with state-wise details are given in Annexure II.

(d) & (e): The major challenges being faced by cities and towns due to migration are in the area of infrastructure provisioning including water supply,  solid  and  liquid  waste  management,  housing,  urban  mobility, roads, etc. Schemes of Ministry of Rural Development like Mahatama Gandhi National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Act  (MNREGA)  offered assured wage employment to prevent any distress migration. Government  supports  the  efforts  of  states  by  providing  financial  & technical assistance for improving basic infrastructure and governance.

*****

## Number of Migrants (State/UTs wise) in Total Internal Migration, 2001

| States/UTs                | Intra - State Migrants   | Inter - State Migrants   | Total Internal Migrants   |   Percentage Share of Intra - State Migrants in Total Internal Migration |   Percentage Share of Inter - State Migrants in Total Internal Migration |
|---------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| India                     | 268,219,260              | 41,166,265               | 309,385,525               |                                                                    86.69 |                                                                    13.31 |
| Jammu & Kashmir           | 1,625,008                | 158,003                  | 1,783,011                 |                                                                    91.14 |                                                                     8.86 |
| Himachal Pradesh          | 1,794,667                | 350,834                  | 2,145,501                 |                                                                    83.65 |                                                                    16.35 |
| Punjab                    | 7,121,921                | 1,749,122                | 8,871,043                 |                                                                    80.28 |                                                                    19.72 |
| Chandigarh                | 13,855                   | 554,474                  | 568,329                   |                                                                     2.44 |                                                                    97.56 |
| Uttarakhand               | 2,124,339                | 859,598                  | 2,983,937                 |                                                                    71.19 |                                                                    28.81 |
| Haryana                   | 4,694,478                | 2,675,920                | 7,370,398                 |                                                                    63.69 |                                                                    36.31 |
| Delhi                     | 411,552                  | 5,324,052                | 5,735,604                 |                                                                     7.18 |                                                                    92.82 |
| Rajasthan                 | 14,557,992               | 1,741,411                | 16,299,403                |                                                                    89.32 |                                                                    10.68 |
| Uttar Pradesh             | 8,969,367                | 1,079,055                | 10,048,422                |                                                                    89.26 |                                                                    10.74 |
| Bihar                     | 18,649,877               | 1,619,031                | 20,268,908                |                                                                    92.01 |                                                                     7.99 |
| Sikkim                    | 122,718                  | 46,033                   | 168,751                   |                                                                    72.72 |                                                                    27.28 |
| Arunachal Pradesh         | 257,816                  | 136,050                  | 393,866                   |                                                                    65.46 |                                                                    34.54 |
| Nagaland                  | 292,439                  | 81,577                   | 374,016                   |                                                                    78.19 |                                                                    21.81 |
| Manipur                   | 360,858                  | 14,783                   | 375,641                   |                                                                    96.06 |                                                                     3.94 |
| Mizoram                   | 218,152                  | 35,293                   | 253,445                   |                                                                    86.07 |                                                                    13.93 |
| Tripura                   | 636,244                  | 63,778                   | 700,022                   |                                                                    90.89 |                                                                     9.11 |
| Meghalaya                 | 286,488                  | 83,082                   | 369,570                   |                                                                    77.52 |                                                                    22.48 |
| Assam                     | 6,254,719                | 407,141                  | 6,661,860                 |                                                                    93.89 |                                                                     6.11 |
| West Bengal               | 20,055,625               | 2,457,162                | 22,512,787                |                                                                    89.09 |                                                                    10.91 |
| Jharkhand                 | 5,682,016                | 1,730,938                | 7,412,954                 |                                                                    76.65 |                                                                    23.35 |
| Odisha                    | 10,344,792               | 662,800                  | 11,007,592                |                                                                    93.98 |                                                                     6.02 |
| Chhattisgarh              | 5,941,915                | 936,415                  | 6,878,330                 |                                                                    86.39 |                                                                    13.61 |
| Madhya Pradesh            | 15,994,927               | 2,169,350                | 18,164,277                |                                                                    88.06 |                                                                    11.94 |
| Gujarat                   | 16,980,117               | 2,182,741                | 19,162,858                |                                                                    88.61 |                                                                    11.39 |
| Daman &Diu                | 7,670                    | 61,272                   | 68,942                    |                                                                    11.13 |                                                                    88.87 |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli       | 10,083                   | 67,328                   | 77,411                    |                                                                    13.03 |                                                                    86.97 |
| Maharashtra               | 34,225,081               | 7,313,139                | 41,538,220                |                                                                    82.39 |                                                                    17.61 |
| Andhra Pradesh            | 22,405,827               | 1,032,753                | 23,438,580                |                                                                    95.59 |                                                                     4.41 |
| Karnataka                 | 14,444,177               | 2,074,471                | 16,518,648                |                                                                    87.44 |                                                                    12.56 |
| Goa                       | 546,392                  | 228,869                  | 775,261                   |                                                                    70.48 |                                                                    29.52 |
| Lakshadweep               | 12,907                   | 5,561                    | 18,468                    |                                                                    69.89 |                                                                    30.11 |
| Kerala                    | 8,684,199                | 454,259                  | 9,138,458                 |                                                                    95.03 |                                                                     4.97 |
| Tamil Nadu                | 14,926,824               | 727,172                  | 15,653,996                |                                                                    95.35 |                                                                     4.65 |
| Pondicherry               | 205,211                  | 252,727                  | 457,938                   |                                                                    44.81 |                                                                    55.19 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 85,528                   | 84,380                   | 169,908                   |                                                                    50.34 |                                                                    49.66 |

Source:

Census of India, 2001, Migration Table (D - 03)

Annexure I

## Number of Migrants by Reasons of Migration from Rural to Urban areas (2011*)

| States/UTs          | Work/ Employment   | Business   | Education   | Marriage   | Moved after Birth   | Moved with Household   | Others    | Total      |
|---------------------|--------------------|------------|-------------|------------|---------------------|------------------------|-----------|------------|
| India               | 19,581,563         | 1,438,217  | 2,422,337   | 24,467,383 | 6,479,051           | 21,609,300             | 6,613,352 | 82,611,203 |
| Jammu &Kashmir      | 59,782             | 8,926      | 24,690      | 174,765    | 9,614               | 122,409                | 75,391    | 475,577    |
| Himachal Pradesh    | 83,220             | 2,786      | 21,587      | 51,179     | 8,420               | 77,713                 | 12,604    | 257,509    |
| Punjab              | 525,747            | 17,458     | 27,363      | 631,741    | 167,397             | 610,774                | 200,871   | 2,181,351  |
| Chandigarh          | 140,895            | 3,287      | 11,114      | 58,571     | 29,012              | 100,213                | 15,549    | 358,641    |
| Uttarakhand         | 217,459            | 5,700      | 42,856      | 178,886    | 18,467              | 323,811                | 44,634    | 831,813    |
| Haryana             | 691,905            | 18,265     | 42,593      | 663,911    | 94,583              | 931,807                | 141,574   | 2,584,638  |
| Delhi               | 1,470,386          | 20,732     | 60,945      | 729,371    | 142,276             | 1,480,473              | 242,823   | 4,147,006  |
| Rajasthan           | 715,839            | 25,789     | 80,942      | 1,181,555  | 138,577             | 957,081                | 154,942   | 3,254,725  |
| Uttar Pradesh       | 1,439,872          | 74,827     | 202,090     | 2,751,227  | 177,864             | 1,946,379              | 580,966   | 7,173,225  |
| Bihar               | 301,564            | 21,634     | 75,963      | 1,140,200  | 46,411              | 453,776                | 174,752   | 2,214,300  |
| Sikkim              | 15,360             | 2,187      | 3,477       | 10,371     | 1,614               | 9,054                  | 4,462     | 46,525     |
| Arunachal Pradesh   | 35,436             | 7,592      | 13,584      | 13,203     | 3,635               | 31,932                 | 9,587     | 114,969    |
| Nagaland            | 45,877             | 11,347     | 22,508      | 24,528     | 3,751               | 35,893                 | 16,368    | 160,272    |
| Manipur             | 7,911              | 3,677      | 4,222       | 46,367     | 2,000               | 22,332                 | 16,322    | 102,831    |
| Mizoram             | 36,045             | 4,352      | 11,408      | 15,348     | 3,390               | 58,801                 | 17,070    | 146,414    |
| Tripura             | 34,341             | 5,673      | 6,831       | 97,859     | 5,145               | 81,758                 | 38,884    | 270,491    |
| Meghalaya           | 24,694             | 3,420      | 16,938      | 18,526     | 3,856               | 21,961                 | 9,561     | 98,956     |
| Assam               | 217,080            | 86,093     | 30,671      | 390,302    | 36,685              | 217,855                | 110,672   | 1,089,358  |
| West Bengal         | 867,481            | 157,763    | 100,338     | 2,196,250  | 337,417             | 1,279,264              | 719,827   | 5,658,340  |
| Jharkhand           | 482,218            | 19,180     | 63,240      | 709,386    | 71,823              | 536,492                | 109,719   | 1,992,058  |
| Odisha              | 444,389            | 112,556    | 114,314     | 625,889    | 56,916              | 562,696                | 172,177   | 2,088,937  |
| Chhattisgarh        | 439,615            | 10,142     | 56,104      | 510,927    | 86,430              | 503,792                | 76,866    | 1,683,876  |
| Madhya Pradesh      | 1,004,320          | 35,480     | 170,618     | 1,408,451  | 198,659             | 1,189,840              | 212,078   | 4,219,446  |
| Gujarat             | 1,777,154          | 313,266    | 127,976     | 1,540,031  | 700,358             | 2,065,147              | 768,883   | 7,292,815  |
| Daman &Diu          | 61,108             | 1,059      | 428         | 8,420      | 4,683               | 20,409                 | 2,740     | 98,847     |
| Dadra &Nagar Haveli | 35,965             | 2,270      | 840         | 10,566     | 2,972               | 24,325                 | 3,780     | 80,718     |

Annexure II

| Maharashtra              | 4,256,082   | 152,238   | 386,777   | 3,235,858   | 1,623,673   | 2,970,220   | 834,380   | 13,459,228   |
|--------------------------|-------------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-----------|--------------|
| Andhra Pradesh           | 1,539,441   | 149,230   | 308,849   | 1,389,430   | 411,573     | 1,587,318   | 561,771   | 5,947,612    |
| Karnataka                | 1,087,773   | 82,973    | 190,601   | 1,103,938   | 389,673     | 956,868     | 416,856   | 4,228,682    |
| Goa                      | 49,741      | 5,256     | 3,477     | 71,592      | 56,225      | 60,869      | 28,000    | 275,160      |
| Lakshadweep              | 1,471       | 8         | 127       | 65          | 33          | 1,644       | 149       | 3,497        |
| Kerala                   | 234,352     | 16,770    | 34,975    | 1,803,037   | 1,055,079   | 924,416     | 302,034   | 4,370,663    |
| Tamil Nadu               | 1,193,334   | 53,606    | 158,840   | 1,619,071   | 578,435     | 1,387,707   | 523,651   | 5,514,644    |
| Pondicherry              | 24,479      | 1,426     | 3,331     | 45,281      | 9,919       | 41,164      | 9,703     | 135,303      |
| Andaman &Nicobar Islands | 19,227      | 1,249     | 1,720     | 11,281      | 2,486       | 13,107      | 3,706     | 52,776       |

Source: Census of India, 2011, Migration Table -D -05. Note -*Figures for reasons of migration are provisional.