opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 3101 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Tribal Freedom Fighter Museum
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: UDAY PRATAP SINGH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## (MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS) LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. †3101 TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

## TRIBAL FREEDOM FIGHTER MUSEUM

## †3101. SHRI UDAY PRATAP SINGH

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

(a) whether the Government has any plan to set up a museum of National importance for the tribal freedom fighters; and

(b) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS ( SHRI JASWANTSINH BHABHOR )

(a) & (b): Yes, Madam. Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MOTA) has sanctioned projects to construct museums of National importance for tribal freedom fighters in the States of Gujarat and Jharkhand as detailed below:

Gujarat -  This museum is to be located at Garudeshwar, Rajpipla. The Museum is envisaged to be a stateof-the-art museum and to showcase exhibits for 3 Phases of Independence Movements: Pre-1857 Period, Post  1857  to  end  of  19 th Century  &  20 th century  up  to  independence  and  cover  major  tribal  freedom movements across the country.  A modern aspect of the  architectural  design  will  be  maintained  in  the interiors of the museum in tune with tribal themes including 3D project mapping screen, 3D holographic projection  &  murals,  7D  auditorium,  two-dimensional exhibits,  360 ° display  &  panoramic views, live mannequins etc. Estimated cost of the project is about Rs. 106.00 crore. Out of which MoTA has agreed to contribute Rs. 50.00 crore. Rest of the cost is to be borne by the State Government.

Jharkhand - This museum is to be located at Ranchi. The museum is conceptualized for conservation and adaptive reuse of old Birsa jail where Bhagwan Birsa Munda was incarcerated. The museum is envisaged to highlight national character of Birsa Munda as an iconic freedom fighter with other tribal heroes of Jharkhand in freedom movement. A modern aspect of the architectural design will be maintained in the interiors including holographic wall system, mixed media mural with motion sensors, interactive multi touch wall, futuristic virtual hologram projection etc. Estimated cost of the project is about Rs. 36.66 crore. Out of which MoTA has agreed to contribute Rs. 25.00 crore. Rest of the cost is to be borne by the State Government.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3100 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Private Coaching Institutes
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: SUMEDHANAND SARASWATI, RANGASWAMY DHRUVANARAYANA, SANTOSH AHLAWAT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3100

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

## Private Coaching Institutes

†3100. SHRI SUMEDHANAND SARSWATI: SHRI R. DHRUVA NARAYANA: SHRIMATI SANTOSH AHLAWAT:

Will  the  Minister  of  HUMAN  RESOURCE  DEVELOPMENT  be  pleased  to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  is  considering  to  formulate  any  guidelines  for private  coaching  institutes  in  view  of  increasing  level  of  stress  among children for competitive exams;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the steps taken/proposed to be taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (DR. SATYA PAL SINGH)

(a)  to  (c):  Private  Coaching  Institutes  do  not  come  under  the  purview  of  the Ministry of Human Resource Development.  Many of these operate at the school level  and  hence  are  under  the  direct  purview  of  the  State  Governments. Accordingly,  all  State  Governments  have  been  asked  to  take  steps  for  effective regulation of such centers in the interest of the students.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3098 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Recruitment in ITDC
Ministry: TOURISM
Asked by: RAVINDRA KUMAR RAY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.†3098 ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

## RECRUITMENT IN ITDC

## †3098. DR. RAVINDRA KUMAR RAY:

Will the Minister of TOURISM be pleased to state:

- (a) whether recruitment to the post of Assistant Manager in Indian Tourism  Development  Corporation  (ITDC)  through  on  campus selection/placement  at All India level  was  conducted  by Institute of Hotel Management in the year 2011 and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether  the  services  of  these  managers  have  not  been regularized so far and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the  reasons  for  not  making  these  candidates  permanent despite the lapse of seven years due to which their future is at stake  while  services  of  the  candidates  of  the  subsequent batches have been regularized/made permanent;
- (d) whether the Government proposes to regularize the services of these candidates;
- (e)
- (f)
- if so, the details thereof; and
- if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE FOR TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) (SHRI K.J. ALPHONS)

(a): No  recruitment  to  the  post  of  Assistant  Manager  in  India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) through campus selection/placement  at  all  India  level  was  conducted  in  the  year 2011 from any Institute of Hotel Management.

However,  Management  Trainees  (General/Marketing/Kitchen) of  2009-2011  Batch  after  completion  of  two  years  management training in ITDC were engaged on direct contract basis as Assistant Manager  (Hotel  Operations)/Chef  w.e.f.  29.09.2011  and  Assistant Manager  (Marketing)  on  contract  w.e.f.  05.06.2011  for  a  period  of

one year in ITDC. (b) to (f): Since the rules do not have any provision for regularization of manpower on contract and regular recruitment is undertaken in accordance with the ITDC Recruitment Promotion & Seniority  Rules,  no  such  regularization  was  made  and  there  has been no regularization of candidates of subsequent batches.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3096 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Yoga in Schools
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: HARI OM PANDEY, MANOJ KUMAR TIWARI, SANTOSH KUMAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3096 TO BE ANSWERED ON 6 th  August, 2018

## Yoga in Schools

3096. SHRI HARI OM PANDAY:

SHRI MANOJ TIWARI:

SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any proposal to introduce Yoga as a subject in all CBSE schools across the country, in near future, specially in UP;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (d) the details of professional Yoga courses approved by the Government so far?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI UPENDRA KUSHWAHA)

(a) to (c) :   As per the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005, Yoga is an integral part  of  Health  and  Physical  Education  at  all  level  of  school  education.  For  schools affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), which has adopted National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) curriculum and syllabi, Health and Physical Education is compulsory subject for Classes I to X and optional subject at classes XI and XII.

(d)  :    Ministry  of    Ayurveda,  Yoga  and  Naturopathy,  Unani,  Siddha  and  Homoeopathy (AYUSH)  has informed that there is no Central regulatory body to recognize/approve professional Yoga courses.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3093 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Scholarship to Transgender Students
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: KIRRON KHER

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3093 TO BE ANSWERED ON 6.8.2018

## Scholarship to Transgender Students

## 3093. SHRIMATI KIRRON KHER

- (a) whether the Government has granted any scholarship schemes for transgender students and if so,
- (b)  whether  there  is  any  plan  to  increase  or  diversify  the  range  of  scholarships  for  transgender

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be  pleased to state: the details thereof; students; and

- (c) the maximum compensation offered by scholarships currently available to transgender students?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (DR. SATYA PAL SINGH)

(a)to(c)  The  Ministry  is  not  implementing  any  scholarship  scheme  for  the  transgender  students. However,  in  order  to  provide  for  protection  of  rights  of  transgender  persons  and  their  welfare, Ministry  of  Social  Justice  and  Empowerment    hasintroduced  a  Bill  in  the  LokSabha  titled  'The Transgender  Persons  (Protection  of  Rights  )Bill,  2016.'  The  Bill  stipulates  that  the  appropriate Government shall formulate welfare schemes and programmes which are transgender sensitive, nonstigmatising  and  non-discriminatory  and  shall  also  take  steps  to  secure  their  full  and  effective participation  and inclusion in the society.

*****

## File No. 7 -8/2018 -NS -1

## Department of Higher Education (Scholarship Bureau)

Subject: LSUSQ No. 3093 regarding ' Scholarship to Transgender Students' asked by SmtKirronKher for answer on 6.8.2018.

Sir/Madam,

Reference above cited subject. The text version of the above parliament question is indicated below: -

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has granted any scholarship schemes for transgender students and if

so, the details thereof; (b) whether there is any plan to increase or diversify the range of scholarships for transgender students; and

- (c) the maximum compensation offered by scholarships currently available to transgender students?
2. To enable this Department to submit the file to MoS well in time, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is requested to furnish the draft reply of the above parliament question immediately in soft copy.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3092 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Cultural Exchange Programmes
Ministry: CULTURE
Asked by: ANURAG SINGH THAKUR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3092

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

## CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMMES

## 3092.SHRI  ANURAG SINGH THAKUR :

Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of cultural exchange programmes  to boost ties with other nations;
- (b) whether  there  is  any  potential  for  exchange  programmes  of  experts  for production and productivity enhancement of commercial crops; and
- (c) if so, the  details thereof and the steps taken to tap this potential?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (I/C) FOR CULTURE AND MINISTER OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (DR. MAHESH SHARMA)

- (a)      Government   has signed Cultural Agreement/Cultural Exchange Programmes with 132 countries to boost ties with other nations and to promote Indian Culture and Indian artists abroad.

(b)  &  (c)The  Government    has  signed  88  Memorandum  of  Understandings(MOU) with 73 countries for cooperation in the field of agriculture and its allied sectors. The areas  of  cooperation  in  these  MOUs      inter-alia  include  enhancing  investment  in agriculture, cooperation in agriculture research and development, increasing productivity, post-harvest management, value addition/food processing, plant protection, animal husbandry, dairy and fisheries, enhancing  agriculture trade.  The cooperation also includes mutual exchange visits and training program for Scientist/Experts, mutual exchange of technical expertise, exchange of germ-plasm, transfer  of  technology,  setting  up  of  centres  of  excellence  in  different  fields  to demonstrate new technologies etc.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 3090 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Cooking Gas
Ministry: PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
Asked by: GOPAL CHINAYYA SHETTY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3090

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

Cooking Gas

## 3090. SHRI GOPAL SHETTY:

Will the Minister of PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS पेट्रोल ियम और प्राक ृ तिक गैस मंत्री be pleased to state:

(a) whether PNG cooking gas has not been brought under Essential Commodity Act due to which a large number of PNG cooking gas customers are deprived of it and if so, the details thereof; and

(b) the steps taken/proposed to be taken by the Government to bring PNG cooking gas under Essential Commodity Act to ensure that most of the customers can avail the benefit of PNG cooking gas?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS (SHRI DHARMENDRA PRADHAN)

(a) & (b) Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) is the  authority to grant  authorization  to  the  entities  for  the  development  of  City  Gas Distribution (CGD)  network  in  Geographical  Areas  (GAs)    as  per  PNGRB  Act,  2006  and  the Regulations notified thereunder.  PNGRB identifies the GAs for the development of CGD network  depending  on  the  natural  gas  pipeline  connectivity/natural  gas  availability  and techno-commercial feasibility. As on 1.07.2018, 44.43 lakh households have been provided Piped Natural Gas (PNG) connections in India. PNG cooking gas has not been notified under Essential Commodity Act.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3085 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Granite Clusters in Telangana
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: PONGULETI SRINIVASA REDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY

## DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY & PROMOTION

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3085. TO BE ANSWERED ON MONDAY, THE 6 TH  AUGUST,  2018.

## GRANITE CLUSTERS IN TELANGANA

## 3085.  SHRI PONGULETI SRINIVASA REDDY:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY be pleased to state: वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री

- (a) whether the Government proposes to develop granite Clusters in Telangana with the adoption of the cluster development approach to infuse life into the granite industry; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the progress made in this regard so far?

## ANSWER

## वाणिज् य एवं उद्योग मंत्रालय में राज् यमंत्री (श्री सी.आर. चौधरी) THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRI C.R. CHAUDHARY)

- (a) & (b): Yes,  Madam.  The  State  Government  of  Telangana  proposes  to establish Special Economic  Zone  at Dacharam  Village, Bejjanki Mandal,  Siddipet  District  over  an  area  of  360  Acres  located  in  the proximity  of  cluster  of  Granite  quarry  leases  to  infuse  life  into  the granite industry by encouraging the entrepreneurs for establishment of granite processing units through extension of concessions and subsidy.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3084 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Promotion of Co-working Spaces
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: BHARATENDRA SINGH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY & PROMOTION

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3084. TO BE ANSWERED ON MONDAY, THE 6 TH  AUGUST,  2018.

## PROMOTION OF CO-WORKING SPACES

## 3084.  KUNWAR BHARATENDRA:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY be pleased to state:

## वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री

- (a) whether the Government has considered any measures for the promotion of co-working spaces in the country;
- (b) if  so, whether the Government has received any proposals for FDI in setting up of co-working spaces in the country and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) whether Para 5.2.10.2 of the FDI Policy excludes the leasing of property for creation of co-working spaces from amounting to real estate business and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## वाणिज् य एवं उद्योग मंत्रालय में राज् यमंत्री (श्री सी.आर. चौधरी) THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRI C.R. CHAUDHARY)

- (a): The  Startup  India  initiative  seeks  to  ensure  professional  management  of Government sponsored/funded incubators, including setting up of incubators in public private partnerships. The incubators have provision for co-working spaces.
- (b): There are no specific provisions in the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy as regards setting up of co-working spaces and thus no such proposal has been received.
- (c): As per extant FDI policy on Construction Development Sector (Para 5.2.10 of Consolidated FDI Policy Circular of 2017), earning of rent/ income on lease of the  property,  not  amounting  to  transfer,  does  not  amount  to  real  estate business.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3082 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: New Defence Parks
Ministry: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Asked by: M. B. RAJESH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY & PROMOTION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3082. TO BE ANSWERED ON MONDAY, THE 6 TH  AUGUST,  2018.

## NEW DEFENCE PARKS

## 3082.  SHRI M.B. RAJESH:

Will the Minister of COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY be pleased to state:

## वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री

- (a) whether the Government has initiated the process of setting up new defence parks in the country including one in Kerala and if so, the details thereof along with the present status of these projects;
- (b) whether  these  defence  parks  are  in  collaboration  with  State  Governments; and
- (c) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## वाणिज् य एवं उद्योग मंत्रालय में राज् यमंत्री (श्री सी.आर. चौधरी) THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRI C.R. CHAUDHARY)

- (a): Department  of  Industrial  Policy  &  Promotion  (DIPP)  under  Ministry  of Commerce  &  Industry  has  approved  one  project  namely,    KINFRA Defence  Park    at    Palakkad  (Kerala)  on  28.03.2016  with  project  cost  of Rs. 130.94 crore involving central grant of Rs. 50.00 crore under Modified Industrial  Infrastructure  Upgradation  Scheme  (MIIUS).  Further,  as  MIIUS scheme was valid till 31.03.2017, no new projects are being taken up under this scheme.  Details of the  above  project and its present status are as under:
- (b) & (c): Yes Madam, project is being implemented by State Implementing Agency (SIA)- Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation, a statutory body of Government of Kerala.

| Name & Location of the project        | Date Approval   | (Rs. in crore)   | (Rs. in crore)   | (Rs. in crore)         | Remarks                                       |
|---------------------------------------|-----------------|------------------|------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| Name & Location of the project        | Date Approval   | Project Cost     | Central Grant    | Central grant released | Remarks                                       |
| KINFRA Defence Park, Palakkad, Kerala | 28.03.2016      | 130.94           | 50.00            | 35.00                  | Under implementation (Physical progress- 55%) |

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3080 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Model Villages for STs
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: SUNIL BALIRAM GAIKWAD

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## (MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS) LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3080 TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

## MODEL VILLAGES FOR STS

3080. DR. SUNIL BALIRAM GAIKWAD: Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government has developed model villages for the welfare of tribal communities in the country; (b) if so, the details thereof including the States where such model villages have been set up; and
2. (c) the amount of funds allocated and utilized by the various States for this purpose during each of the last three years and the current year, State/UT-wise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SHRI JASWANTSINH BHABHOR)

- (a): There is no proposal / programme in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to develop model villages for Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities in the country.

(b) & (c): Does not arise in view of (a) above.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3079 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-06
Subject: Employment Oriented Education to Students
Ministry: SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Asked by: PROF. RAM SHANKAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3079 TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2018

## EMPLOYMENT ORIENTED EDUCATION TO STUDENTS

## Ϯ 3079. DR. RAM SHANKAR KATHERIA:

## Will  the  MINISTER  of  SKILL  DEVELOPMENT  AND  ENTREPRENEURSHIP  be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  formulated  /  likely  to  formulate  scheme  to  provide employment  oriented  education  to  the  students  to  deal  with  the  challenges  of  the dwindling employment;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the extent to which it would help to get employment;
- (d) whether the Government has made an understanding with the Universities regarding the professional courses; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (SHRI ANANTKUMAR HEGDE)

(a) to (e) Skill  India  Mission  was  launched  with  objective  to    converge    all    skill development  initiatives  /  schemes  across  Central  Ministries  /  Departments  to  achieve skilling at scale with speed and standards. There are more than 40 schemes in 20 different Ministries which  provide a variety of skill development training programmes throughout the country. Recognizing the imperative needs of skill development on the basis of demandsupply  skill  gap,  MSDE  is  implementing  a  flagship  scheme  known  as  Pradhan  Mantri Kaushal  Vikas  Yojana  (PMKVY)  on  pan-India  basis.  PMKVY  enables  large  number  of prospective youth for taking Short Term Training (STT) and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) through accredited and affiliated training centers which inter alia includes colleges and Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs).

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) is proactively facilitating in  the  creation  of  a  vibrant  skill  ecosystem for  imparting  employable skills to the growing workforce.  Under  PMKVY  2.0  (2016-20),  focus  on  employment  has  been  significantly enhanced. For instance, Training Centres (TCs) /Training Partners (TPs) are mandated to organize placement/rozgar melas every six month with the support of Sector Skill Councils (SSCs);  the  reimbursement  of  20%  of  training  cost  to  TCs  is  made  only  after  wage employment  or  self  employment  is  assured  to  at  least  70%  of  the  trained  candidates. Further,  under  PMKVY  2.0,  placement  data  of  candidates  is  captured  on  the  Skill Development Management System (SDMS) portal on monthly basis.

In addition, to make skilling aspirational, steps have been taken to provide pathways between formal and vocational education. Academic Equivalence of Class X/XII has been provided  to  ITI  graduates  through  National  Institute  of  Open  Schooling  (NIOS).  Also, Bachelor of Vocation (B. Voc) Programme is being offered by many Universities / Colleges.

*****