Lok Sabha Question No. 1957 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-11-28
Subject: Absenteeism among Teachers and Students
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: RABINDRA KUMAR JENA, SRINIVAS KESINENI, VIRENDER KASHYAP, GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1957 TO BE ANSWERED ON 28 th  NOVEMBER, 2016

## Absenteeism among Teachers and Students

1957.   SHRI RABINDRA KUMAR JENA: SHRI KESINENI NANI: SHRI VIRENDER KASHYAP: SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) the status of absenteeism of teachers and students in schools in the country at all levels, during the last three years, State/UT-wise;
- (b) whether any behaviour policy has been initiated by the Government for both students and teachers to check the problem of absenteeism in schools and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the percentage of teacher related expenses in total budget along with the percentage of salaries paid to teachers during the last three years;
- (d) the percentage of teacher related expenses under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan;
- (e) whether any policy/programme exists through which teachers' pay and performance are linked and if so, the details thereof; and
- (f) whether the Government proposes to provide performance incentives to high performing teachers and if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI UPENDRA KUSHWAHA)

- (a): The recruitment and service conditions, including monitoring of teachers' attendance are primarily in the domain of State Governments and UT Administrations.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development commissioned two major research studies to assess the attendance rate of students and teachers, in 2006 and 2013. According to these  two  studies,  the  overall  attendance  of  teachers  improved  from  81.7%  to  84.3%  at  the primary level and from 80.5% to 81.3% at the upper primary level. The overall attendance of students improved from 68.5% to 72.2% at the primary level and from 75.7% to 77.8% at the upper primary level. State-wise details of comparative findings of average attendance rate of teachers and students on headcount during the study in 2006-07 and 2012-13 are at Annexure-I and Annexure-II, respectively.

(b): Section 24 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 mandates that a teacher appointed under sub-section (1) of the Section 23 shall perform the following duties, namely (a) maintain regularity and punctuality in attending school and (b) complete entire curriculum within specified time.  The steps taken by the Central Government to  improve  teachers'  attendance  include,  inter  alia,  monitoring  teachers'  attendance  through School Management Committees/School Management Development Committees/Block Resource  Centres/Clusters  Resource  Centres  and  encouraging  States  and  UTs  to  use  digital technology like installation of Bio-metric attendance system in schools.

(c) &(d):   The percentage of teacher related expenses in total budget along with the percentage of salaries paid to teachers during the last three years teacher under  Sarva  Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA)  are  at  Annexure-III  and  under  the  Rashtriya  Madhyamik  Shiksha  Abhiyan (RMSA) are at Annexure-IV.

(e)  &(f)    The  recruitment  and  service  conditions  including  the  policy  relating  to  the  linkage between  teachers'  pay  and  performance,  if  any,  comes  under  the  domain  of  the    State Governments    and  UT  Administrations. The  National  Council  of  Educational  Research  and Training (NCERT) has developed Performance Indicators for Elementary Education (PINDICS) to  track  teacher  performance  and  attendance  in  Government  schools.  States  and UTs  have  been  using  Performance  Indicators  (PINDICS)  for  assessing  the  performance  of teachers for improvement in learning. It is also used for teacher appraisal by the supervisory staff to assess and to provide constructive  feedback for the  improvement  of  teacher performance.

*****

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1957 TO BE ANSWERED ON 28.11.2016 ASKED BY SHRI RABINDRA KUMAR JENA, SHRI KESINENI NANI, SHRI VIRENDER KASHYAP, SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT AND SHRI K.K. RAGESH REGARDING 'ABSENTEEISM AMONG TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Statement showing State-wise details of comparative findings of average attendance rate of teachers based on headcount during the studies conducted in 2006-07 and 2012-13

| S. No.   | States/UTs        | Primary Stage   | Primary Stage   | Upper Primary Stage   | Upper Primary Stage   |
|----------|-------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|
| S. No.   | States/UTs        | 2006 - 07       | 2012 - 13       | 2006 - 07             | 2012 - 13             |
| 1        | Andhra Pradesh    | 78.1            | 85.7            | 77.3                  | 83.9                  |
| 2        | Arunachal Pradesh | -               | 81.9            | -                     | 72.8                  |
| 3        | Assam             | 79.2            | ( - ) 77.0      | 55.2                  | 72.7                  |
| 4        | Bihar             | 75.8            | 81.4            | 74.9                  | 78.1                  |
| 5        | Chhattisgarh      | 75.7            | 79.3            | 73.5                  | 81.0                  |
| 6        | Delhi             | 95.0            | 73.2            | -                     | 69.3                  |
| 7        | Gujarat           | 70.0            | 94.1            | 87.6                  | 94.4                  |
| 8        | Haryana           | 86.9            | ( - ) 86.6      | 91.9                  | ( - ) 85.0            |
| 9        | Himachal Pradesh  | 80.0            | 87.3            | 88.0                  | ( - ) 86.1            |
| 10       | Jammu & Kashmir   | 80.8            | 85.4            | 83.1                  | 83.6                  |
| 11       | Jharkhand         | -               | 91.1            | -                     | 90.8                  |
| 12       | Karnataka         | 83.9            | ( - ) 80.4      | 84.0                  | ( - ) 79.4            |
| 13       | Kerala            | 84.5            | ( - ) 83.5      | 85.3                  | ( - ) 79.9            |
| 14       | Madhya Pradesh    | 70.4            | 84.1            | 67.0                  | 80.0                  |
| 15       | Maharashtra       | 87.8            | - 85.9          | 87.1                  | ( - ) 85.2            |
| 16       | Manipur           | -               | 78.4            | -                     | 81.7                  |
| 17       | Meghalaya         | -               | 96.6            | -                     | 96.5                  |
| 18       | Mizoram           | -               | 89.0            | -                     | 81.4                  |
| 19       | Nagaland          | -               | 76.5            | -                     | 69.4                  |
| 20       | Odisha            | 87.4            | 90.2            | 86.6                  | 87.5                  |
| 21       | Punjab            | 83.5            | 84.9            | 78.1                  | 82.3                  |
| 22       | Rajasthan         | 81.1            | 85.3            | 79.8                  | ( - ) 76.7            |
| 23       | Tamil Nadu        | 86.6            | 88.6            | 89.6                  | ( - ) 84.9            |
| 24       | Tripura           | -               | 85.0            | -                     | 77.4                  |
| 25       | Uttarakhand       | 77.8            | 83.8            | 77.7                  | 85.2                  |
| 26       | Uttar Pradesh     | 83.0            | ( - ) 78.1      | 82.6                  | ( - ) 77.5            |
| 27       | West Bengal       | 96.3            | ( - ) 88.5      | 98.1                  | ( - ) 93.2            |
|          | Over all          | 81.7            | 84.8            | 80.5                  | 83.1                  |

Note:

( - ) denotes decline from the last survey.

2006 - 07: for 20 States

2012 -13: for 27 States

Source: Study Report submitted by Research, Evaluation and Studies Unit for SSA, Ed. CIL (India) Limited, New Delhi in 2009 and Development & Research Services (P) Limited, New Delhi in 2014.

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1957 TO BE ANSWERED ON 28.11.2016 ASKED BY SHRI RABINDRA KUMAR JENA, SHRI KESINENI NANI, SHRI VIRENDER KASHYAP, SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT AND SHRI K.K. RAGESH REGARDING 'ABSENTEEISM AMONG TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Statement showing State-wise details of comparative findings of average attendance rate of students based on headcount during the studies conducted in 2006-07 and 2012-13

| Average Attendance (%) of Students as per head count at Primary and Upper Primary Stage in 2006-07& 2012-13   | Average Attendance (%) of Students as per head count at Primary and Upper Primary Stage in 2006-07& 2012-13   | Average Attendance (%) of Students as per head count at Primary and Upper Primary Stage in 2006-07& 2012-13   | Average Attendance (%) of Students as per head count at Primary and Upper Primary Stage in 2006-07& 2012-13   | Average Attendance (%) of Students as per head count at Primary and Upper Primary Stage in 2006-07& 2012-13   | Average Attendance (%) of Students as per head count at Primary and Upper Primary Stage in 2006-07& 2012-13   |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S. No.                                                                                                        | States\UT                                                                                                     | Primary Stage                                                                                                 | Primary Stage                                                                                                 | Upper Primary Stage                                                                                           | Upper Primary Stage                                                                                           |
| S. No.                                                                                                        | States\UT                                                                                                     | 2006-07                                                                                                       | 2012-13                                                                                                       | 2006-07                                                                                                       | 2012-13                                                                                                       |
| 1                                                                                                             | Andhra Pradesh                                                                                                | 72.7                                                                                                          | 78.6                                                                                                          | 76.6                                                                                                          | 82.5                                                                                                          |
| 2                                                                                                             | Arunachal Pradesh                                                                                             | -                                                                                                             | 82.1                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 84.9                                                                                                          |
| 3                                                                                                             | Assam                                                                                                         | 81.3                                                                                                          | 84.6                                                                                                          | 84.5                                                                                                          | 85.4                                                                                                          |
| 4                                                                                                             | Bihar                                                                                                         | 42.2                                                                                                          | 63.6                                                                                                          | 36.8                                                                                                          | 59.7                                                                                                          |
| 5                                                                                                             | Chhattisgarh                                                                                                  | 67.7                                                                                                          | 75.3                                                                                                          | 75.0                                                                                                          | 77.2                                                                                                          |
| 6                                                                                                             | Delhi                                                                                                         | 73.1                                                                                                          | 73.9                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 83.3                                                                                                          |
| 7                                                                                                             | Gujarat                                                                                                       | 75.0                                                                                                          | 87.0                                                                                                          | 78.6                                                                                                          | 86.8                                                                                                          |
| 8                                                                                                             | Haryana                                                                                                       | 82.2                                                                                                          | 89.8                                                                                                          | 85.1                                                                                                          | 89.6                                                                                                          |
| 9                                                                                                             | Himachal Pradesh                                                                                              | 94.6                                                                                                          | 96.3                                                                                                          | 93.2                                                                                                          | 94.4                                                                                                          |
| 10                                                                                                            | Jammu &Kashmir                                                                                                | 78.5                                                                                                          | 84.8                                                                                                          | 77.5                                                                                                          | 85.5                                                                                                          |
| 11                                                                                                            | Jharkhand                                                                                                     | -                                                                                                             | 66.7                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 65.1                                                                                                          |
| 12                                                                                                            | Karnataka                                                                                                     | 86.2                                                                                                          | 89.1                                                                                                          | 86.9                                                                                                          | 89.1                                                                                                          |
| 13                                                                                                            | Kerala                                                                                                        | 91.4                                                                                                          | 96.2                                                                                                          | 92.0                                                                                                          | 96.6                                                                                                          |
| 14                                                                                                            | Madhya Pradesh                                                                                                | 72.1                                                                                                          | 76.1                                                                                                          | 69.8                                                                                                          | 73.2                                                                                                          |
| 15                                                                                                            | Maharashtra                                                                                                   | 89.0                                                                                                          | 92.6                                                                                                          | 89.0                                                                                                          | 91.5                                                                                                          |
| 16                                                                                                            | Manipur                                                                                                       | -                                                                                                             | 67.1                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 68.3                                                                                                          |
| 17                                                                                                            | Meghalaya                                                                                                     | -                                                                                                             | 89.6                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 90.9                                                                                                          |
| 18                                                                                                            | Mizoram                                                                                                       | -                                                                                                             | 92.9                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 95.1                                                                                                          |
| 19                                                                                                            | Nagaland                                                                                                      | -                                                                                                             | 73.2                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 72.8                                                                                                          |
| 20                                                                                                            | Odisha                                                                                                        | 66.8                                                                                                          | 76.6                                                                                                          | 69.0                                                                                                          | 77.7                                                                                                          |
| 21                                                                                                            | Punjab                                                                                                        | 81.7                                                                                                          | 81.8                                                                                                          | 74.7                                                                                                          | 92                                                                                                            |
| 22                                                                                                            | Rajasthan                                                                                                     | 62.7                                                                                                          | 71.3                                                                                                          | 78.9                                                                                                          | 73.7                                                                                                          |
| 23                                                                                                            | Tamil Nadu                                                                                                    | 88.3                                                                                                          | 91                                                                                                            | 87.8                                                                                                          | 91.6                                                                                                          |
| 24                                                                                                            | Tripura                                                                                                       | -                                                                                                             | 61.7                                                                                                          | -                                                                                                             | 64.8                                                                                                          |
| 25                                                                                                            | Uttarakhand                                                                                                   | 80.0                                                                                                          | (-) 76.5                                                                                                      | 83.2                                                                                                          | (-) 81.3                                                                                                      |
| 26                                                                                                            | Uttar Pradesh                                                                                                 | 57.4                                                                                                          | 65.4                                                                                                          | 60.5                                                                                                          | 63.4                                                                                                          |
| 27                                                                                                            | West Bengal                                                                                                   | 74.2                                                                                                          | 77                                                                                                            | 70.2                                                                                                          | 76.1                                                                                                          |
|                                                                                                               | Over all                                                                                                      | 68.5                                                                                                          | 76.1                                                                                                          | 75.7                                                                                                          | 77.9                                                                                                          |

(2012-13 data is based on draft Report)

Note: (-) denotes decline from the last survey.

2006-07: for 20 States

2012-13 :for 27 States

Source: Study Report submitted by Research, Evaluation and Studies Unit for SSA, Ed. CIL Limited, New Delhi in 2009 and Development & Research Services (P) Limited, New Delhi in 2014.

(India)

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (c) &(d) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1957 TO BE ANSWERED ON 28.11.2016 ASKED BY SHRI RABINDRA KUMAR JENA, SHRI KESINENI NANI, SHRI VIRENDER KASHYAP, SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT AND SHRI K.K. RAGESH REGARDING 'ABSENTEEISM AMONG TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Percentage of teacher related expenses under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Rs. in Crores

| Financial Year   |   Total Budget (in Rupees) |   Allocation for Teachers other than salary ( in Rupees) |   Allocation for Salary of Teachers ( in Rupees) |   Total allocation for teachers ( in Rupees) | %of Teacher related expenses in total Budget ( in Rupees)   | %of Teacher salaries in total Budget ( in Rupees)   |
|------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| 2013 - 14        |                    47753.2 |                                                   568.31 |                                          29050.1 |                                      29618.4 | 62.02%                                                      | 60.83%                                              |
| 2014 - 15        |                    56531.2 |                                                   494.34 |                                          30836.4 |                                      31330.8 | 55.42%                                                      | 54.54%                                              |
| 2015 - 16        |                    63413   |                                                   413.76 |                                          42432.5 |                                      42846.3 | 67.56%                                                      | 66.91%                                              |

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (c) & (d) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1957 TO BE ANSWERED ON 28.11.2016 ASKED BY SHRI RABINDRA KUMAR JENA, SHRI KESINENI NANI, SHRI VIRENDER KASHYAP, SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT AND SHRI K.K. RAGESH REGARDING 'ABSENTEEISM AMONG TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Percentage of teacher related expenses under Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan

Rs. in Crores

| Financial Year   |   Total Budget (in Rupees) |   Allocation for Teachers other than salary ( in Rupees) |   Allocation for Salary of Teachers ( in Rupees) |   Total allocation for teachers ( in Rupees) | %of Teacher related expenses in total Budget ( in Rupees)   | %of Teacher salaries in total Budget ( in Rupees)   |
|------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| 2013 - 14        |                       3653 |                                                      115 |                                             2065 |                                         2181 | 60%                                                         | 57%                                                 |
| 2014 - 15        |                       4360 |                                                       81 |                                             2000 |                                         2081 | 48%                                                         | 46%                                                 |
| 2015 - 16        |                       6743 |                                                      139 |                                             2327 |                                         2466 | 37%                                                         | 35%                                                 |