Lok Sabha Question No. 2177 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-15
Subject: Poverty and Inequality
Ministry: STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
Asked by: MUTHAMSETTI SRINIVASA RAO (AVNTHI), CHANDRA PRAKASH JOSHI, RABINDRA KUMAR JENA, DODDAALAHALLI KEMPEGOWDA SURESH, CHANDU LAL SAHU

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2177

TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, THE 15 th MARCH, 2017

## POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

2177. SHRI MUTHAMSETTI SRINIVASA RAO (AVANTHI):

SHRI CHANDRA PRAKASH JOSHI:

SHRI RABINDRA KUMAR JENA:

SHRI D.K. SURESH:

SHRI CHANDU LAL SAHU:

Will the Minister of STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of the national income and the per capita income of the  country  along  with  the  per  capita  income  of  the  poor  and middle  class  during  each  of  the  last  three  years,  State/UT-wise and the steps taken by the Government to curb the decline, if any, in the per capita income of the poor and middle class;
- (b) whether the Government has any estimation of the country's poor
- population, if so, the details thereof, State/UT-wise;
- (c) whether the Government has taken any initiative to evaluate the outcome of the different poverty alleviation programmes launched during the last three years and if so, the details and the outcomes thereof, State/UT-wise and if not, the reasons therefor along with the funds allocated/released/spent on the said programmes during the said period, Programme-wise;
- (d) whether the Government calculates the level of inequality in the
- country and if so, the details and the methodology thereof along with  the  overall  income,  wealth  and  consumption  inequality reported during each of the last three years, State/UT-wise;
- (e) whether the level of inequality in the country has increased post the 1991 economic reforms, and if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and
- (f) the  States  where  the  said  inequality  has  increased  during  the recent year?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION (SHRI D. V. SADANANDA GOWDA)

- (a): The estimates  of  national  income  (measured  as  net  national income)  and  per  capita  income  (measured  as  per  capita  net national income) of the country during the last three years are as under:

| Item (at current prices)             |   2013-14 |   2014-15 |   2015-16 |
|--------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| Net National Income (Rs. crore)      |   9901176 |  10961146 |  12083093 |
| Per Capita Net National Income (Rs.) |     79146 |     86513 |     94178 |

State/UT-wise  estimates  of  per  capita  income  for  poor  and middle class are not compiled separately.

The Government has been implementing several programmes for skill development, self-employment, wage employment and creation  of  assets  that  aim  to  promote  inclusive  growth  and thereby  bridge  the  income  gaps. These  include Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihood Mission (DAY-NULM) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA) and various  rural  development  schemes of  the  Department  of Rural  Development (DRD), namely, Mahatma  Gandhi  National Rural    Employment    Guarantee    Scheme    (MGNREGS),  Pradhan Mantri  Awaas  Yojana Gramin  (PMAYG),  Pradhan  Mantri  Gram Sadak    Yojana  (PMGSY),  Deendayal  Antyodaya  Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAYNRLM) and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya-Grameen  Kaushalya  Yojana  (DDU-GKY).

- (b): Yes,  Madam. The latest available State/UT-wise details of number and percentage of population below poverty line for the

year 2011-12, computed following the extant Tendulkar methodology  and  released by  Planning  Commission  through  a Press  Note on  22 nd July  2013,  are  given  in  the  statement at Annexure.

- (c): The  MHUPA reported  that  mid-term  evaluation of  DAY-NULM scheme has not been conducted as the year 2014-15 is practically  the  first  year  of  its  implementation  and  the  scheme has not reached its mid-term. Details of funds under the scheme during  the  last  three  years as  reported  by  MHUPA are  given below:

(Figures in Rs. Lakhs)

| Funds position   |   2014-15 |   2015-16 |   2016-17 (till 28-02-2017) |
|------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------------------------|
| Allocated        |  148281   |  148863   |                      102962 |
| Released         |   67214.2 |   23972.3 |                       28405 |

The  DRD  reported  that  they  conduct  evaluation  studies  of  its programmes from time to time and that no evaluation of outcome of rural development programmes launched during the last three years was done. Details of funds under the schemes during 201314 to 2015-16 as reported by DRD are given below:

(Figures in Rs. Lakhs)

| Scheme   | Funds                            | 2013-14                                                | 2014-15                                                | 2015-16                                                |
|----------|----------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| MGNREGS  | Allocated                        | Being a demad driven programme, no allocation is made. | Being a demad driven programme, no allocation is made. | Being a demad driven programme, no allocation is made. |
|          | Released                         | 3274368.00                                             | 3247686.69                                             | 3664479.70                                             |
|          | Utilised (including State share) | 3874148.21                                             | 3603247.84                                             | 4384962.49                                             |
| PMAYG    | Allocated                        | 1389490.38                                             | 1409955.00                                             | 950875.00                                              |
|          | Released                         | 1297000.78                                             | 1109695.64                                             | 1010791.84                                             |
|          | Utilised                         | 1057603.63                                             | 1383553.14                                             | 1336101.79                                             |
| PMGSY    | Allocated                        | 1705000                                                | 1015100                                                | 1518671                                                |
|          | Released                         | 536024                                                 | 995958                                                 | 1518671                                                |
|          | Utilised (Government of India    | 1309529                                                | 1653835                                                | 1578536                                                |

| Scheme   | Funds                 | 2013-14   | 2014-15   | 2015-16   |
|----------|-----------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
|          | share)                |           |           |           |
| DAYNRLM  | Allocated             | 197730.94 | 112264.00 | 52905.00  |
|          | Released              | 116609.73 | 66180.65  | 87193.18  |
|          | Utilised (including   | 133060.07 | 185066.48 | 200092.60 |
| DDU-GKY  | State share) Released | 56897.04  | 56863.42  | 48730.38  |

- (d): Yes. Madam. Level of inequality is assessed in terms of Lorenz ratios of monthly  per capita expenditure distribution  using consumer expenditure data of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Since the latest available report of  the NSSO on consumer expenditure is in respect of its 68 th round for the year 2011-12, inequality was not assessed for the last three years.
- (e): The NSSO 68 th round report for the year 2011-12 noted that there was  an  increase  in  inequality  (in  terms  of  Lorenz  ratio)  from 0.297 to 0.307 for the rural sector and from 0.373 to 0.385 for the urban  sector,  when  compared  to  the  data  of  61 st round  for  the year 2004-05. Reasons for increase were not surveyed.
- (f): Comparison of inequality in terms of Lorenz ratios at State level between  NSSO  68 th round  (2011-12)  and  66 th round  (2009-10) indicates  that  inequality  in  rural  sector  increased  in  all  States/ UTs except for Sikkim, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,  Uttarakhand,  Chattisgarh,  Haryana,  Madhya  Pradesh and  Punjab.  During  this  period,  in  respect  of  the  urban  sector, inequality  increased  in  Manipur,  Mizoram,  Jammu  and  Kashmir, Rajasthan,  Tamil  Nadu,  Delhi,  Odisha,  Chattisgarh,  Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Karnataka, Haryana and Kerala.

*****

## Annexure

Statement referred to in reply to part (b) of Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2177 for 15.03.2017

Number and Percentage of Population below poverty line by States for the year 2011-12 (as per Tendulkar Methodology)

| S. No.   |                           | Rural           | Rural                  | Urban           | Urban                  | Total           | Total                  |
|----------|---------------------------|-----------------|------------------------|-----------------|------------------------|-----------------|------------------------|
| S. No.   | States                    | %age of Persons | No. of Persons (lakhs) | %age of Persons | No. of Persons (lakhs) | %age of Persons | No. of Persons (lakhs) |
| 1        | Andhra Pradesh            | 10.96           | 61.80                  | 5.81            | 16.98                  | 9.20            | 78.78                  |
| 2        | Arunachal Pradesh         | 38.93           | 4.25                   | 20.33           | 0.66                   | 34.67           | 4.91                   |
| 3        | Assam                     | 33.89           | 92.06                  | 20.49           | 9.21                   | 31.98           | 101.27                 |
| 4        | Bihar                     | 34.06           | 320.40                 | 31.23           | 37.75                  | 33.74           | 358.15                 |
| 5        | Chhattisgarh              | 44.61           | 88.90                  | 24.75           | 15.22                  | 39.93           | 104.11                 |
| 6        | Delhi                     | 12.92           | 0.50                   | 9.84            | 16.46                  | 9.91            | 16.96                  |
| 7        | Goa                       | 6.81            | 0.37                   | 4.09            | 0.38                   | 5.09            | 0.75                   |
| 8        | Gujarat                   | 21.54           | 75.35                  | 10.14           | 26.88                  | 16.63           | 102.23                 |
| 9        | Haryana                   | 11.64           | 19.42                  | 10.28           | 9.41                   | 11.16           | 28.83                  |
| 10       | Himachal Pradesh          | 8.48            | 5.29                   | 4.33            | 0.30                   | 8.06            | 5.59                   |
| 11       | Jammu & Kashmir           | 11.54           | 10.73                  | 7.20            | 2.53                   | 10.35           | 13.27                  |
| 12       | Jharkhand                 | 40.84           | 104.09                 | 24.83           | 20.24                  | 36.96           | 124.33                 |
| 13       | Karnataka                 | 24.53           | 92.80                  | 15.25           | 36.96                  | 20.91           | 129.76                 |
| 14       | Kerala                    | 9.14            | 15.48                  | 4.97            | 8.46                   | 7.05            | 23.95                  |
| 15       | Madhya Pradesh            | 35.74           | 190.95                 | 21.00           | 43.10                  | 31.65           | 234.06                 |
| 16       | Maharashtra               | 24.22           | 150.56                 | 9.12            | 47.36                  | 17.35           | 197.92                 |
| 17       | Manipur                   | 38.80           | 7.45                   | 32.59           | 2.78                   | 36.89           | 10.22                  |
| 18       | Meghalaya                 | 12.53           | 3.04                   | 9.26            | 0.57                   | 11.87           | 3.61                   |
| 19       | Mizoram                   | 35.43           | 1.91                   | 6.36            | 0.37                   | 20.40           | 2.27                   |
| 20       | Nagaland                  | 19.93           | 2.76                   | 16.48           | 1.00                   | 18.88           | 3.76                   |
| 21       | Odisha                    | 35.69           | 126.14                 | 17.29           | 12.39                  | 32.59           | 138.53                 |
| 22       | Punjab                    | 7.66            | 13.35                  | 9.24            | 9.82                   | 8.26            | 23.18                  |
| 23       | Rajasthan                 | 16.05           | 84.19                  | 10.69           | 18.73                  | 14.71           | 102.92                 |
| 24       | Sikkim                    | 9.85            | 0.45                   | 3.66            | 0.06                   | 8.19            | 0.51                   |
| 25       | Tamil Nadu                | 15.83           | 59.23                  | 6.54            | 23.40                  | 11.28           | 82.63                  |
| 26       | Tripura                   | 16.53           | 4.49                   | 7.42            | 0.75                   | 14.05           | 5.24                   |
| 27       | Uttarakhand               | 11.62           | 8.25                   | 10.48           | 3.35                   | 11.26           | 11.60                  |
| 28       | Uttar Pradesh             | 30.40           | 479.35                 | 26.06           | 118.84                 | 29.43           | 598.19                 |
| 29       | West Bengal               | 22.52           | 141.14                 | 14.66           | 43.83                  | 19.98           | 184.98                 |
| 30       | Puducherry                | 17.06           | 0.69                   | 6.30            | 0.55                   | 9.69            | 1.24                   |
| 31       | Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 1.57            | 0.04                   | 0.00            | 0.00                   | 1.00            | 0.04                   |
| 32       | Chandigarh                | 1.64            | 0.004                  | 22.31           | 2.34                   | 21.81           | 2.35                   |
| 33       | Dadra & Nagar Haveli      | 62.59           | 1.15                   | 15.38           | 0.28                   | 39.31           | 1.43                   |
| 34       | Daman & Diu               | 0.00            | 0.00                   | 12.62           | 0.26                   | 9.86            | 0.26                   |
| 35       | Lakshadweep               | 0.00            | 0.00                   | 3.44            | 0.02                   | 2.77            | 0.02                   |
|          | All India                 | 25.70           | 2166.58                | 13.70           | 531.25                 | 21.92           | 2697.83                |

2. Poverty line of Tamil Nadu has been used for Andaman and Nicobar Island.

Notes: 1. Population as on 1st March 2012 has been used for estimating number of persons below poverty line. (2011 Census population extrapolated)

3. Urban Poverty Line of Punjab has been used for both rural and urban areas of Chandigarh.
5. Poverty line of Goa has been used for Daman & Diu.
4. Poverty Line of Maharashtra has been used for Dadra & Nagar Haveli.
6. Poverty Line of Kerala has been used for Lakshadweep.