Lok Sabha Question No. 3970 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-08-10
Subject: Impact of Migration on Rural Schemes
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: VIRENDRA  KUMAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3970

TO BE ANSWERED ON 10 .08.2017

## IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON RURAL SCHEMES

## 3970. DR. VIRENDRA KUMAR:

W ill the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state :

- (a) whether the Government has conducted any study pertaining to migration of rural  population  from  different  States  to  other  places  and  also  to  assess  the impact  of  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Scheme (MGNREGS) and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) on their life;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) whether the Government has taken/proposes to take any steps to address the se issues?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT ( SHRI RAM KRIPAL YADAV )

(a)& (b):  A  study  report  titled  'MGNREGA:  A  Catalyst  for  Rural  Transformation'  by National Council of Applied Economic Research (sponsored by Indian Human Development Survey)estimates the poverty reduction due to Mahatma Gandhi NREGA. The report states that:

- MGNREGA's  contribution  to  reducing  poverty  is  about  32%.  In  the  absence  of MGNREGA - induced consumption, poverty among the participants would have b een 38.0% in 2011 -12, not 31.3%.
- In spite of a high initial poverty rate (75.8% in 2004 -05),poverty among adivasis was reduced by 27.6% and for dalits by 37.6%.
- MGNREGA prevented 14 million persons from falling into poverty (those non - poor in 2004 -05 who would have become poor by 2011 -12 without MGNREGA employment).
- MGNREGA is more effective in poverty reduction in less developed areas (34%) than in more developed areas (27%)
- Low - participating areas experienced much greater poverty reduction (72%) than areas with a high participation rate (27%).

Other  studies  conducted  by  independent  research  institutions  on  the  implementatio Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) reveal that: -

O.I.H.

- (i) It has enhanced bargaining powe rs of rural wage seekers and reduced distress migration from rural areas.
- (ii) MGNREGA  appears  to  be  largely  successful  in  its  targeting.  MGNREGA  due  to  its self - selecting  demand  driven  design  is  able  to  engage  with  the  most  vulnerable marginalized.
- (iii)  Beneficiaries find the works useful; works increased the land productivity, hel -cropping, helped to manage risks and reduced vulnerability.

Further, various studies conducted by several organizations on Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana  (PMGSY) concluded  positive  impact  on  the  socio - economic  indices  due  to construction of rural roads.

(c): The  Government  is  actively  engaged  with  State  Governments/UTs  in  establishing systems that ensure provision of work as per demand, transparency and ac countability. To generate awareness about the provisions of the Scheme and to provide adequate employme opportunities  to  rural  households  under Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), all States/UTs have been requested for th e following:

- (i) to  initiate  appropriate Information  Education  and  Communication  (IEC) campaigns including wall paintings for wide dissemination of the provisions of the Act.
- (ii) to prepare plans in a participatory mode and approve them in the Gram Sab ha.
- (iii) to focus on creation of durable assets with quality.
- (iv) to prepare realistic labour budget by the State.

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