Lok Sabha Question No. 6578 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-04-06
Subject: Particulate Matter Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: NAGARAJAN P., GOPALAKRISHNAN CHINNARAJ

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK SABHA UN-STARRED QUESTION N0.6578

TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.04.2018

## Particulate Matter Pollution

## 6578.  SHRI P. NAGARAJAN: DR. C. GOPALAKRISHNAN:

Will  the  Minister  of  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND  CLIMATE  CHANGE  be  pleased  to state:

- (a) whether Central Pollution Control Board has identified 94 cities across the country that flout actual standards for particulate matter pollution and are called non-attainment cities;
- (b) if so, the details thereof along with the name of the cities and State;
- (c) the parameters adopted to calculate national standards of particulate matter pollution;
- (d) the reasons for flouting  actual  standards  for  particulate  matter  pollution in  these  cities; and
- (e) the measures being taken to meet national air quality norms?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND CLIMATE CHANGE (DR. MAHESH SHARMA)

- (a) & (b) Based on the Air quality data generated during 2011-2015, CPCB has identified 94 non-attainment  towns,  for  not  meeting  the  prescribed  standards.  The  list  of  nonattainment cities is placed at Annexure I
- (c) National standards for Particulate matter was calculated through review of criteria and standards followed in various countries, WHO guidelines, dose-response relationships of pollutant,  existing  criteria  and  standards,  current  levels  of  pollutant  in  ambient  air, Indian studies on health effects of air pollutants, etc.
- (d) The Assessment of sources of air pollution in urban areas was taken up through source apportionment  studies  conducted  during  2007  -  2010  for  six  cities  i.e.  Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi,  Kanpur,  Mumbai and  Pune by  Central  Pollution  Control  Board.    The study revealed that road dust and vehicles were the key sources of PM10 in urban areas. Biomass burning, diesel generators, construction activities, industrial activities etc. were identified as other important sources.
- (e) Government has taken several initiatives for better air quality in the country which inter alia,  include  notification  of  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards;  setting  up  of monitoring  network  for  assessment  of  ambient  air  quality;  introduction  of  cleaner  /

alternate  fuels  like  gaseous  fuel  (CNG,  LPG  etc.),  ethanol  blending,  launching  of National Air Quality index; universalization of BS-IV by 2017; leapfrogging from BSIV to BS-VI fuel standards by 1st April, 2018 in NCT of Delhi; Promotion of cleaner production processes; formation of stringent norms for industrial emissions; notification of  Construction  and  Demolition  Waste  Management  Rules;  banning  of  burning  of biomass; promotion of public transport network; streamlining the issuance of Pollution Under  Control  Certificate; issuance of directions under  Section  18(1)(b) of Air (Prevention  and  Control  of  Pollution)  Act,  1981  and  under  Section  5  of  Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries. The government has recently formulated National Clean Air Programme  (NCAP)  as  a  long  term  time  bound  national  level  strategy  to  tackle  the increasing  air  pollution  problem  across  the  country  in  comprehensive  manner.  The overall  objective  is  to  augment  and  evolve  effective  ambient  air  quality  monitoring network  across  the  country  besides  ensuring  comprehensive  management  plan  for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.

*****

## Non-Attainment cities with respect to Ambient Air Quality India (2011-2015)

| State Sl. No   | State            | Cities Sl. No   | Cities              | Status      | Major Sources of Pollution                                                      |
|----------------|------------------|-----------------|---------------------|-------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1              | Andhra Pradesh   | 1               | Guntur              | PM 10       | Vehicular Emissions Road Dust/Re-suspension of dust and other fugitive emission |
| 1              | Andhra Pradesh   | 2               | Kurnool             | PM 10 PM 10 |                                                                                 |
| 1              | Andhra Pradesh   | 3               | Nellore             |             |                                                                                 |
| 1              | Andhra Pradesh   | 4               | Vijaywada           | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 1              | Andhra Pradesh   | 5               | Vishakhapatnam      | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 2              | Assam            | 6               | Guwahati            | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 2              | Assam            | 7               | Nagaon              | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 2              | Assam            | 8               | Nalbari             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 2              | Assam            | 9               | Sibsagar            | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 2              | Assam            | 10              | Silchar             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 3              | Chandigarh       | 11              | Chandigarh          | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 4              |                  | 12              | Bhillai             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
|                | Chattisgarh      | 13              | Korba               | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 5              | Delhi            | 14              | Delhi               | PM 10 , NO  |                                                                                 |
| 6              | Gujarat          | 15              | Surat               | 2 PM 10     |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 16              | Baddi               | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 17              | Damtal              | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 18              | Kala Amb            | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 19              | Nalagarh            | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 20              | Paonta Sahib        | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 21              | Parwanoo            | PM          |                                                                                 |
| 7              | Himachal Pradesh | 22              |                     | 10          |                                                                                 |
| 8              | Jammu & Kashmir  | 23              | Sunder Nagar Jammu  | PM 10 PM 10 |                                                                                 |
| 9              | Jharkhand        | 24              | Dhanbad             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 10             | Karnataka        | 25              | Bangalore           | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 10             | Karnataka        | 26 27           | Devanagere Gulburga | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 10             | Karnataka        | 28              | Hubli-Dharwad       | PM 10       | iii) Air Pollution from Bio-Mass Burning                                        |
| 10             | Karnataka        |                 |                     | PM 10       | iv) Industrial Air Pollution                                                    |
| 11             | Madhya Pradesh   | 29              | Bhopal              | PM 10       | Air Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities                       |
| 11             | Madhya Pradesh   | 30              | Dewas               | PM 10       | vi) DG sets                                                                     |
| 11             | Madhya Pradesh   | 31              | Indore              | PM 10       | vii) LPG instead of coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries             |
| 11             | Madhya Pradesh   | 32              | Sagar               | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 11             | Madhya Pradesh   | 33              | Ujjain              | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 34              | Akola               | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 35              | Amravati            | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 36              | Aurangabad          | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 37              | Badlapur            | PM 10 ,     |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 38              | Chandrapur          | NO 2 PM 10  |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 39              | Jalgaon             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 40              | Jalna               | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 41              | Kolhapur            | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 42              | Latur               | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 43              | Mumbai              | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 44              | Nagpur              | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 45              | Nashik              | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 46              | Navi Mumbai         | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 47              | Pune                | PM 10 , NO  |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 48              | Sangli              | 2 PM 10     |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 49              | Solapur             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      |                 | Ulhasnagar          | PM 10 ,     |                                                                                 |
| 12             | Maharashtra      | 50              |                     | NO          |                                                                                 |
| 13             | Meghalaya        | 51              | Byrnihat            | 2 PM 10     |                                                                                 |
| 14             | Nagaland         | 52              | Dimapur             | PM 10       |                                                                                 |
| 15             | Orissa           | 53 54           | Kohima Angul        | PM 10 PM 10 |                                                                                 |

## Annexure-I

| State Sl. No   | State         |   Cities Sl. No | Cities              | Status       | Major Sources of Pollution                                                                            |
|----------------|---------------|-----------------|---------------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                |               |              55 | Balasore            | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
|                |               |              56 | Bhubneshwar         | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
|                |               |              57 | Cuttack             | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
|                |               |              58 | Rourkela            | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
|                |               |              59 | Talcher             | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              60 | DeraBassi           | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              61 | Gobindgarh          | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              62 | Jalandhar           | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              63 | Khanna              | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              64 | Ludhiana            | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              65 | NayaNangal          | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              66 | Pathankot/Dera Baba | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 16             | Punjab        |              67 | Patiala             | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 17             | Rajasthan     |              68 | Alwar               | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 17             | Rajasthan     |              69 | Jaipur              | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 17             | Rajasthan     |              70 | Jodhpur             | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 17             | Rajasthan     |              71 | Kota                | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 17             | Rajasthan     |              72 | Udaipur             | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 18             | Tamilnadu     |              73 | Tuticorin           | PM 10        | Emissions                                                                                             |
| 19             | Telangana     |              74 | Hydrabad            | PM 10        | Dust/Re-suspension of dust and other fugitive                                                         |
| 19             | Telangana     |              75 | Nalgonda            | PM 10        | Bio-Mass Burning                                                                                      |
| 19             | Telangana     |              76 | Patencheru          | PM 10        |                                                                                                       |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              77 | Agra                | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              78 | Allahabad           | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              79 | Anpara              | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              80 | Bareily             | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              81 | Firozabad           | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              82 | Gajraula            | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              83 | Ghaziabad           | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              84 | Jhansi              | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              85 | Kanpur              | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              86 | Khurja              | PM 10 PM 10  | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              87 | Lucknow             |              | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              88 | Muradabad           | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              89 | Noida               | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 20             | Uttar Pradesh |              90 | Raebareli           | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
|                |               |              91 | Varanasi            | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 21             | Uttarakhand   |              92 | Kashipur            | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 21             | Uttarakhand   |              93 | Rishikesh           | PM 10        | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |
| 22             | West Bengal   |              94 | Kolkata             | PM 10 , NO 2 | Pollution from Construction and Demolition Activities coal in restaurants/ dhabas/ road side eateries |

Note: Based on the data generated during 2011 - 2015 under National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network (NAMP), 94 cities & towns  are  identified  as  non-attainment.  All  94  cities  are  exceeding  the  PM10  standard,  while  05  cities  are  exceeding  the  NO2 standard continuously for five years (2011-2015).