Lok Sabha Question No. 366 (STARRED), answered on 2016-12-12
Subject: School Results
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: LAXMAN GILUWA, RAMA DEVI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 366 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.12.2016

## School Results

†*366. SHRI LAXMAN GILUWA: SHRIMATI RAMA DEVI:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT   be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the results of the 10th and 12th classes in Government aided schools affiliated to CBSE are comparatively poor as compared to other category of schools and if so, the reaction of the Government thereto; and
- (b) the corrective steps taken by the Government in this regard including action taken against such Government aided schools having poor results?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

- (a) and (b) : A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  THE  PARTS  (a)  AND  (b)  OF  LOK SABHA  STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  366  FOR  12.12.2016  ASKED  BY  SHRI LAXMAN  GILUWA  AND  SHRIMATI  RAMA  DEVI  HON'BLE  MPs  REGARDING 'SCHOOL RESULTS'

- (a) and (b) : The Pass percentage of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) affiliated Government aided schools, Government schools, Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs), Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs) and independent schools for Class X and XII  for 2014, 2015 and 2016 is indicated below -

## Pass percentage of 2014, 2015, 2016 for class X :

|   Year |   Government aided schools |   Government schools |   Kendriya Vidyalayas |   Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas |   Independent schools |
|--------|----------------------------|----------------------|-----------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------|
|   2014 |                      96.62 |                97.55 |                 99.46 |                         99.8  |                 99.44 |
|   2015 |                      90.41 |                91.84 |                 99.33 |                         99.76 |                 98.6  |
|   2016 |                      85.62 |                86.61 |                 98.85 |                         98.87 |                 97.72 |

## Pass percentage of 2014, 2015, 2016 for class XII :

|   Year |   Government aided schools |   Government schools |   Kendriya Vidyalayas |   Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas |   Independent schools |
|--------|----------------------------|----------------------|-----------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------|
|   2014 |                      86.66 |                85.59 |                 97.37 |                         97.54 |                 82.77 |
|   2015 |                      84.42 |                86.11 |                 94.72 |                         96.82 |                 81.08 |
|   2016 |                      85.75 |                83.85 |                 95.43 |                         96.69 |                 82.4  |

From the above tables, it is clear that pass percentage of government aided schools is almost  comparable  with  the  schools  of  other  categories.    The  number  of  candidates appeared  from  Government  aided  schools  in  last  three  years  are  much  lower  than those appeared from other categories schools. CBSE  has  taken  the  following  corrective  steps  to  enhance  pass  percentage  of  all categories CBSE affiliated schools including Government aided schools (1) Additional time of 15 minutes to students for reading the question paper. (2) Restructuring the question papers in some of the important subjects. (3) Publication of sample question papers and marking schemes. (4) Shift  from  content  based  testing  to  problem  solving  and  competency  based testing. (5) Counseling  facilities  through  telephone,  e-mail  and  the  print  media  before

- examinations and after declaration of results.

*****

## 1.The thrust of question :

The thrust of the question is on comparative pass percentage of classes 10 th and 12 th in  Government  aided  schools  and  other  categories  of  schools  affiliated  with CBSE  and  corrective  steps  taken  to  enhance  performance  of  Government  aided schools.

## 2. Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) functions under the aegis of this Ministry and is responsible for granting affiliation to schools, and conducting public examination  at  secondary  (X)  and  senior  secondary  examinations  (XII)  stage, researching and reforming education system and training principals and teachers of the schools affiliated to it. The CBSE was constituted as a registered society under Societies  Registration  Act,  1860.  As  of  now  15262  Secondary  and  10078  Senior Secondary  schools are affiliated with the Board.

## 3. Major Activities and Objectives of CBSE

- To prescribe conditions of examinations and conduct public examination at the  end  of  Class  X  and  XII.  To  grant  qualifying  certificates  to  successful candidates of the affiliated schools.
- To  fulfill  the  educational  requirements  of  those  students  whose  parents were employed in   transferable jobs.
- To prescribe and update the course of instructions of examinations
- To  affiliate  institutions  for  the  purpose  of  examination  and  raise  the academic standards of the country.

## 4. The prime focus of the Board is on

- Innovations in teaching-learning methodologies by devising studentfriendly and student-centered paradigms.
- Reforms in examinations and evaluation practices.
- Regularly updating the pedagogical skills of the teachers and administrators  by  conducting  in  service  training  programmes,  workshops etc.
- Skill learning by adding job-oriented and job-linked inputs.

## 6 th Position

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO THE PARTS (a) AND (b) OF LOK SABHA  STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  366  FOR  12.12.2016  ASKED  BY  SHRI LAXMAN  GILUWA  AND  SHRIMATI  RAMA  DEVI  HON'BLE  MPs  REGARDING 'SCHOOL RESULTS'

## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

## 5. Examination Reforms in CBSE -

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts Class X & XII Examinations. It has introduced a number of examination reforms to make the examination stress free, which are :

- (1) 15 Minutes of additional time to students for reading the question paper before they begin to write the answers.
- (2) Restructuring  the  question  papers  in  some  of  the  important  subjects  in such  a  manner  that  in  question  paper  of  3  hours;  student  can  finish  it comfortably within 2 ½ hours.
- (3) Simplification  of  question  papers  in  some  of  the  important  subjects  to provide more internal choices of questions and also to reduce the number of  questions  to  make  the  students  comfortable  in  respect  of  time  and speed.
- (4) Proper weightage to internal school based assessment based on project work  and  assignments  in  important  subjects  like  Mathematics,  Social Science and Science at Secondary level.
- (5) Publication of sample question papers and marking schemes to familiarize teachers and students about the nature of questions and question papers.
- (6) Shift  from  content  based  testing  to  problem  solving  and  competency based testing.
- (7) Providing  counseling  facilities  through  telephone,  e-mail  and  the  print media before examinations and after the results are announced.
- (8) Spastic, Visually Impaired, Physically Handicapped, Dyslexic, Autistic and candidates with disabilities as defined in the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995  are  permitted  to  use  a  Scribe  or  allowed  Compensatory  time  as given below or both :

| For paper of 3 hours duration   | 60 minutes   |
|---------------------------------|--------------|
| For paper of 2 ½ hours duration | 50 minutes   |
| For paper of 2 hours duration   | 40 minutes   |
| For paper of 1 ½ hours duration | 30 minutes   |

## 6. ICT Resources for Teaching Learning -

For extending access of students, teachers and other stakeholders to variety of ICT resource (teaching-learning) and henceforth improving quality of school education at  all  levels,  the  NCERT  has  already  introduced  National  Repository  of  Open Educational  Resources  (NROER)  and  e-pathshala,  a  platform  for  showcasing  and dissemination  of  all  digital  and  digitisable  resources  for  its  stakeholders.  The  eresources for students include e-books from classes I to XII, e-contents, i.e. audio, video, interactive objects, text images, maps, question banks, e-courses in various subjects,  scholarships,  events,  melas,  competitions  etc.  Similarly  the  e-resources for teacher and teacher educators shall include source books, teacher handbooks, lab  manuals,  supplementary  reading  materials,  e-courses/online  courses  under MOOCs, e-groups, blogs, etc.

## 7. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) -

The NCERT is mandated to improve quality of education accessible to all children including those who are studying in govt. aided and private schools.

The  NCERT  has  recently  developed  a  document  on  learning  outcomes  including class wise learning outcomes in major subject areas at the elementary stage. The document  will  help  the  system  to  make  a  shift  from  an  examination  oriented structure  of  assessment  to  that  of  understanding  of  the  concepts  in  terms  of competencies  and  skills  to  be  developed  in  students.  This  document  will  also provide support to the National Achievement Surveys which NCERT conducts time to time also to monitor the health of educational system.

## 8. National Achievement Survey (NAS) -

The NCERT conducts National Achievement Surveys for classes III, V, VIII and X periodically to monitor the health of educational system.

However, in view of providing quality education to all children and young learners, the National  Curriculum  Framework-2005  brought  out  by  the  NCERT  proposes following five guiding   principles:

-  Connecting knowledge to life outside the school,
-  Ensuring that learning is shifted away from rote methods,
-  Enriching the curriculum to provide for overall development of children rather than remain textbook centric,
-  Making examinations more flexible and integrated into classroom life and,
-  Nurturing  and  over-riding  identity  informed  by  caring  concerns  within  the democratic polity of the country.

## 9. National Curriculum Framework (NCF- 2005) -

As  per  the  perspectives  of  the  NCF-2005,  besides  developing  learner  centered textbooks and other curricular material, the NCERT has taken several initiatives to improve quality of school education at the secondary and higher secondary stages, major initiatives among them are as follows:

-  Development of Exemplar Problems in Science and Mathematics
-  Development  of  Science  and  Mathematics  Kits  for  Secondary  and  Higher Secondary stages
-  Development of Science Laboratory Manuals
-  Development of In-service Teacher Professional Development Packages  for Secondary  Stage  Teachers  in  all  the  major  subject  areas  emphasizing  on child-centred  pedagogies,  implementation  of  CCE  and  learning  outcomes. These packages are available on the NCERT's website www.ncert.nic.in.
-  Building capacity of Key Resource Persons for In-service Teacher Professional Development of Teachers at the secondary and higher secondary stages.
-  Development of guidelines for guidance and counseling. The draft guidelines are available on the NCERT's website.
-  Providing support to states/UTs for setting up of guidance and counseling cell in schools as well as for the training of teachers in this area.
-  Development  of  vocational  education  curriculum  for  various  job  roles  in different sectors for classes IX to XII.
-  Development of guidelines for paper setters and evaluators of examination boards for improving their skills of paper setting and evaluation.

## 10. National Repository of Open Educational Resources ( NROER) -

NCERT  has  established  a  National  Repository  of  Open  Educational  Resources (nroer.gov.in)  enabling  access  to  e-library  containing  textbooks  developed  by NCERT and other forms of digital resources.

## 11. E-Pathshala

With a view to realise the goals of Digital India and to reach out to all the people of India, the National Council of Educational Research and Training took the initiative of  providing  its  resources  on  the  web  and  mobile  platforms.  Through  a  special license,  it  has  liberated  access  to  these  books.  One  can  download  and  share  the collections  of  NCERT's  textbooks  for  all  classes  and  all  areas  of  the  curriculum, supplementary reading material, and resources for teachers and parents, in English, Hindi and Urdu.

Supported by a web portal, http://epathshala.gov.in and mobile apps available for the  Android,  Apple  and  Windows  environments,  the  books  are  being  readily accessed across the country.

## 6 th Position

STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO THE PARTS (a) AND (b) OF LOK SABHA  STARRED  QUESTION  NO.  366  FOR  12.12.2016  ASKED  BY  SHRI LAXMAN  GILUWA  AND  SHRIMATI  RAMA  DEVI  HON'BLE  MPs  REGARDING 'SCHOOL RESULTS'

## Note for Supplementary

## 1.The thrust of question :

The thrust of the question is on comparative pass percentage of classes 10 th and 12 th in  Government  aided  schools  and  other  categories  of  schools  affiliated  with CBSE  and  corrective  steps  taken  to  enhance  performance  of  Government  aided schools.

## 2. Examination conducted by CBSE:

Central Board of Secondary Education is an autonomous body under the Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.  CBSE conducts Class X and Class XII public examination for the students studying in its affiliated schools.  There are 17,349 affiliated  schools  located  within  the  country  and  199  schools  in  23  countries  in abroad as on 30/06/2015.  Besides Class X and Class XII examination, the CBSE does  conduct  number  of  other  entrance  examinations  mainly  AIPMT,  JEE,  CTET, UGC-NET, Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission in class VI entrance test, etc.  The details of the candidates appearing for the important exams is as under:

## 3. Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) functions under the aegis of this Ministry and is responsible for granting affiliation to schools, and conducting public examination  at  secondary  (X)  and  senior  secondary  examinations  (XII)  stage  , researching and reforming education system and training principals and teachers of the schools affiliated to it. The CBSE was constituted as a registered society under Societies Registration Act, 1860. As of now 17,349 schools are affiliated with the Board.

## 4. Major Activities and Objectives of CBSE

- To prescribe conditions of examinations and conduct public examination at the  end  of  Class  X  and  XII.  To  grant  qualifying  certificates  to  successful candidates of the affiliated schools.
- To  fulfill  the  educational  requirements  of  those  students  whose  parents were employed in   transferable jobs.
- To prescribe and update the course of instructions of examinations
- To  affiliate  institutions  for  the  purpose  of  examination  and  raise  the academic standards of the country.

## 5. The prime focus of the Board is on

- Innovations in teaching-learning methodologies by devising studentfriendly and student-centered paradigms.
- Reforms in examinations and evaluation practices.
- Regularly updating the pedagogical skills of the teachers and administrators  by  conducting  in  service  training  programmes,  workshops etc.
- Skill learning by adding job-oriented and job-linked inputs.

## 6. Curriculum prescribed by CBSE

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) prescribes curricula for examinations on  the  basis  of  National  Policy  on  Education  -1986  and  the  National  Curriculum Framework-2005.The curriculum prescribed by CBSE is based on the values, skills and competencies as envisioned in these documents. The curriculum prescribed by CBSE contributes to the development of values, social attitudes and skills, such as tolerance and respect for all, human  rights, gender equality, justice and inclusiveness and the acquisition of relevant knowledge that students need to apply in  the  context  of  their  studies,  daily  lives  and  future  vocations.  The  curriculum prescribed by CBSE also support the learner's personal growth by contributing to enhancing  their  self-reliance,  motivation  and  aspirations.  The  assessment  in  all these areas is reflected in the final certificate awarded by the Board. The e-copies of the Curriculum  documents -2016-17 are available at the following link http://cbseacademic.in/curriculum.html

## 7. Textbooks and support material published by the CBSE

It  is  an  undisputed  fact  that  textbooks  are  the  most  important  resource  that  has been playing a pivotal role in the delivery of curriculum in the schools. However the availability  of  textbooks  in  most  of  the  parts  of  India  is  not  uniform  and  people often complain about the non-shortage or availability of textbooks. This affect the quality of education adversely and in some cases leads to drop-outs which makes universalization of primary and secondary education rather difficult to achieve and maintain.

National Curriculum Framework-2005 under the section 5.5.1 (Plurality of textbooks)  mentioned  that  textbooks  may  be  made  available  on  the  web  (Public Domain) so that apart from use by various stakeholders feedback and critique may also be received for the further improvement of textbooks.

Government of India has been encouraging digitization of learning resources  and set  up  National  Mission  on  Education  through  Information  and  Communication Technology (NMEICT) under the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) to drive convergence  in  the  education  sector  through Digitized  Content,  Connectivity  and Low-cost Access cum Computing Devices (LACD).

Following  the  vision  of  government  and  in  order  to  resolve  various  issue  related with availability of textbooks and heavy school bags of children, and to comply with suggestions  made  in  the  NCF-2005,  Central  Board  of  Secondary  Education  has uploaded  its  textbook  in  the  form  of  e-books  at  its  website.109  most  popular  of such books are available in digitalized form at the following link. http://cbse.nic.in/ePub/webcbse/webcbse/ab-cbse-book-7.html

## 8. CBSE Affiliation -

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) affiliates schools for the purpose of examination and certification at the end of Class X and Class XII. Affiliation ByeLaws  of  CBSE  prescribes  that  Society  Managing  the  school  shall  ensure  that  the school is run as a community service, not as  business, no commercialization takes place in the school in any shape whatsoever. Society Managing the school shall also ensure  that  the  funds  accruing  from  the  school  are  spent  for  the  benefit  of  the school and for its expansion. Government /Government-aided/Kendriya Vidyalayas/Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas/ Central Tibetan Schools are to follow the rules  of  the  respective  Government  or  Government  organizations  in  all  matters. Whereas, unaided privately managed independent schools are expected to adhere to the provisions prescribed in the Affiliation Bye-Laws of the Board.

## 9. ICT Resources for Teaching Learning -

For extending access of students, teachers and other stakeholders to variety of ICT resource (teaching-learning) and henceforth improving quality of school education at  all  levels,  the  NCERT  has  already  introduced  National  Repository  of  Open Educational  Resources  (NROER)  and  e-pathshala,  a  platform  for  showcasing  and dissemination  of  all  digital  and  digitisable  resources  for  its  stakeholders.  The  eresources for students include e-books from classes I to XII, e-contents, i.e. audio, video, interactive objects, text images, maps, question banks, e-courses in various subjects,  scholarships,  events,  melas,  competitions  etc.  Similarly  the  e-resources for teacher and teacher educators shall include source books, teacher handbooks, lab  manuals,  supplementary  reading  materials,  e-courses/online  courses  under MOOCs, e-groups, blogs, etc.

## 10. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) -

The NCERT is mandated improve quality of education accessible to all children including those who are studying in govt. aided and private schools.

The NCERT has recently developed a document on learning outcomes including class wise learning outcomes in major subject areas at the elementary stage. The document will help the system to make a shift from an examination oriented structure of assessment to that of understanding of the concepts in terms of competencies and skills to be developed in students.  This  document  will  also  provide  support  to  the  National  Achievement  Surveys which NCERT conducts time to time also to monitor the health of educational system.

The  NCERT  conducts  National  Achievement  Surveys  for  classes  III,  V,  VIII  and  X periodically to monitor the health of educational system.

However,  in  view  of  providing  quality  education  to  all  children  and  young  learners, the National  Curriculum  Framework-2005  brought  out  by  the  NCERT  proposes  following five guiding   principles:

-  Connecting knowledge to life outside the school,
-  Ensuring that learning is shifted away from rote methods,
-  Enriching  the  curriculum  to  provide  for  overall  development  of  children  rather  than remain textbook centric,
-  Making examinations more flexible and integrated into classroom life and,
-  Nurturing and over-riding identity informed by caring concerns within the democratic polity of the country.

As per the perspectives of the NCF-2005, besides developing learner centered textbooks and other curricular material, the NCERT has taken several initiatives to improve quality of school education at the secondary and higher secondary stages, major initiatives among them are as follows:

-  Development of Exemplar Problems in Science and Mathematics
-  Development of Science and Mathematics Kits for Secondary and Higher Secondary stages
-  Development of Science Laboratory Manuals
-  Development  of In-service Teacher Professional  Development  Packages for Secondary  Stage  Teachers  in  all  the  major  subject  areas  emphasizing  on  child-

centred pedagogies, implementation of CCE and learning outcomes. These packages are available on the NCERT's website www.ncert.nic.in.

-  Building  capacity  of  Key  Resource  Persons  for  In-service  Teacher  Professional Development of Teachers at the secondary and higher secondary stages.
-  Development  of  guidelines  for  guidance  and  counseling.  The  draft  guidelines  are available on the NCERT's website.
-  Providing  support  to  states/UTs  for  setting  up  of  guidance  and  counseling  cell  in schools as well as for the training of teachers in this area.
-  Development  of  vocational  education  curriculum  for  various  job  roles  in  different sectors for classes IX to XII.
-  Development of guidelines for paper setters and evaluators of examination boards for improving their skills of paper setting and evaluation.
-  Further,  the  NCERT  has  taken  a  many  initiatives  towards  providing  easy access  to  students,  teachers,  parents  and  other  stakeholders  to  digital books and resources, which are as follows:

## 11. National Repository of Open Educational Resources ( NROER)

NCERT has established a National Repository of Open Educational Resources (nroer.gov.in) enabling access to e-library containing textbooks developed by NCERT and other forms of digital resources.

## 12. E-Pathshala

With a view to realise the goals of Digital India and to reach out to all the people of India, the National Council of Educational Research and Training took the initiative of providing its resources on the web and mobile platforms. Through a special license, it has liberated access to these books. One can download and share the collections of NCERT's textbooks for  all  classes  and  all  areas  of  the  curriculum,  supplementary  reading  material,  and resources for teachers and parents, in English, Hindi and Urdu.

Supported  by  a  web  portal,  http://epathshala.gov.in  and  mobile  apps  available  for  the Android, Apple and Windows environments, the books are being readily accessed across the country.