opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 726 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Water Level in Major Reservoirs
Ministry: WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANAGA REJUVENATION
Asked by: RAMESH CHANDER KAUSHIK

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA UN STARRED QUESTION NO. †726

ANSWERED ON 20 .0 7.201 7

## WATER LEVEL IN MAJOR RESERVOIRS

## †726. SHRI RAMESH CHANDER KAUSHIK

Will the Minister of WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is aware that the water level of major reservoirs has report decline due to extreme heat condition;
- (b) if so, the d etails thereof; and
- (c) the steps taken/to be taken to overcome the situation?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  FOR  WATER  RESOURCES,  RIVER  DEVELOPMENT  &  GANGA REJUVENATION

(DR. SANJEEV KUMAR BALYAN)

(a) to (c ) Central Water Commission (CWC) monitors live storage status of 91 reservoirs o country on weekly basis and issues weekly bulletin on every Thursday.

As per reservoir storage bulletin dated 13.07.2017, live storage available in thes is 3 6.108 BCM, which is 23% of total live storage capacity of these reservoirs. Last yea storage available in these reservoirs for the corresponding period was 42.405 BCM and the of last 10 years live storage was 43.787 BCM. Thus, the live st orage available in 91 reservoirs is 85% of the live storage of corresponding period of last year and 82% of storage of aver ten years.

The main reasons for the decline in storages are low rainfall in the catchment various uses durin g the period. To overcome the situation, Chairman, CWC and Member (WP&P), CWC  have  issued  advisories  to  the  State  Governments/UT's  to  avoid  any  distress  to  peo 28.12.2016, 23.02.2017, 27.03.2017 and 09.06.2017.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 725 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Community Toilets
Ministry: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION
Asked by: DEVJI MANSINGRAM PATEL

## Government of India

## Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 725 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20-07-2017

## Community Toilets

## †725. SHRI DEVJI M. PATEL:

Will the Minister of DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION be pleased to state :

- (a) whether there is a scheme to construct separate toilets, bathrooms, urinals and wash basin for men and women in community toilets in each village of the country including Rajasthan;
- (b) if so, whether any time-limit has been set to construct community toilets in all villages of Rajasthan including Jalore and Sirohi region; and
- (c) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION

## (SHRI RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI)

- (a)  The  provision  of  Community  Sanitary  Complexes  exist  under  Swachh  Bharat  Mission (Gramin).  Ordinarily such Complexes shall be constructed only when there is lack of space in the village for construction of household toilets and the Community/Gram Panchayat owns up the responsibility of their operation and maintenance and gives a specific demand for the same. Such Complexes can be made at Public places, markets, bus stands etc., where large scale  congregation  of  people  takes  place.  The  maximum  support  per  unit  prescribed  for  a Community Sanitary Complex is  Rs.2 lakh.  Sharing  pattern amongst  Central  Government, State Government and the Community shall be in the ratio of 60:30:10.
- (b) and (c)  In Annual Implementation Plan (AIP), States including Rajasthan propose targets for Community Sanitation Complexes as per their requirement.
Lok Sabha Question No. 723 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Cleaning of Ganga River
Ministry: WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANAGA REJUVENATION
Asked by: NAGARAJAN P.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

## LOK SABHA UN STARRED QUESTION NO. 723

ANSWERED ON 20 .0 7.201 7

## CLEANING OF GANGA RI VER

## 723. SHRI P. NAGARAJAN

Will the Minister of WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Ganga River flowing/ running in Haridwar is not fit for bathing;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether any steps are being taken b y the Government to clean Ganga river; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

THE  MINISTER  OF  STATE  (IC)  FOR  YOUTH  AFFAIRS  &  SPORTS  AND  MINISTER  OF STATE FOR WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION

(SHRI VIJAY GOEL)

(a) & (b) Water in Ganga river at Haridwar, by and large, meets the bathing water quality However,  some  parameters  of  the  bathing  water  quality  norms  are  not  met  at  certain downstream of Haridwar.

(c) & (d) Conservation & cleaning of river Ganga is a continuous & collective effort of Central Government, State Governments, Local bodies and general public.

Under Namami Gange Programme a holistic approach has been adopted to clean the ri Ganga.  The  various  types  of  pollution  abatement  schemes  taken  up to  clean  Ganga  may  be categorized  into  core  and  non - core  schemes.  Core  schemes  include  Interception  and  Diversio (I&D)  of  sewage  discharging  into  the  Ganga  and  creating  treatment  infrastructure  to intercepted sewage and treatment of industrial e ffluents. Non - Core schemes include providing Low Cost Sanitation (LCS) at community and individual levels at identified locations, inst Crematoria River Front Development including bathing ghats, river surface cleaning, affo protecting biodiversity and creating public awareness and participation.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 721 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Biometric Access Control System at Airports
Ministry: CIVIL AVIATION
Asked by: POONAM  MAHAJAN

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. : 721 (To be answered on the July 2017) 2oth

## BIOMETRIC ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM AT AIRPORTS

## 721. SHRIATI POONAM MAHAJAN

Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION

'

be pleased to state: -

- whether the Government has initiated & project for entry at Airports smart card based Biometric Access Control System;
- if the details thereof including salient features of the project and the
- wise?

## ANSWER

Minister of State in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION

(Shri Jayant Sinha)

- (a) to (c): A project; namely, 'Bio-metric Access Control for project is to the existing system 0f paper-based Airport Entry Pecmits(AEPs) and enable bio-metric enabled smart card based access controe for staff & personnel (excluding passengers) requiring entry to the airports. replace system
Lok Sabha Question No. 717 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Less Power Generation
Ministry: POWER
Asked by: ANANT KUMAR DATTATREYA HEGDE

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF POWER

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.717 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.07.2017

## LESS POWER GENERATION

†717.  SHRI ANANTKUMAR HEGDE:

Will the Minister of POWER be pleased to state:

(a) whether power generation projects operating in public sector are generating lesser electricity than their installed power generation capacity;

(b) if so, the details thereof; and

(c) the  number  of  projects  out  of  them  turned  unviable  due  to  less  power generation?

## A N S W E R

THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR POWER, COAL, NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY AND MINES

( SHRI  PIYUSH GOYAL )

(a) & (b) : Power generation projects operating in public sector are generating electricity  as  per  their  share  in  monitored  power  generation  capacity.  The generation and monitored capacity in public sector is given at Annexure.

(c)  : Plants  which  are  efficient  are  being  utilized  more  than  the  other plants.  Also,  Plants  having  long  term  PPA  are  not  expected  to  be  adversely affected as the fixed charges would be admissible based on requisite availability.

**************

ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) & (b) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 717 TO BE ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 20.07.2017.

## ***********

% capacity and generation in Public Sector

|               | 2016-17                                  | 2016-17                    | 2016-17          | 2016-17                 | 2015-16                                  | 2015-16                    | 2015-16          | 2015-16                 | 2014-15                                  | 2014-15                    | 2014-15          | 2014-15                 |
|---------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------|------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------|------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------|------------------|-------------------------|
| Sector        | Monitored Capacity as on 31.03.2017 (MW) | %of cap. as on 31.03. 2017 | Gen (MU) 2016-17 | %of gen. during 2016-17 | Monitored Capacity as on 31.03.2016 (MW) | %of cap. as on 31.03. 2016 | Gen (MU) 2015-16 | %of gen. during 2015-16 | Monitored Capacity as on 31.03.2015 (MW) | %of cap. as on 31.03.20 15 | Gen (MU) 2014-15 | %of gen. during 2014-15 |
| PUBLIC SECTOR | 182513.63                                | 67.92                      | 784681.9         | 67.64                   | 176187.12                                | 67.92                      | 754337.92        | 68.09                   | 165460.64                                | 70.20                      | 761913.1         | 72.65                   |

*************
Lok Sabha Question No. 716 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Monitoring of Illegal Mining
Ministry: MINES
Asked by: MANOJ RAJORIA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 716 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.07.2017

## MONITORING OF ILLEGAL MINING

## 716.  DR. MANOJ RAJORIA:

Will the Minister of MINES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  the  Government  has  evolved  a  mechanism  for  proactively  monitoring  and supervising the rampant illegal mining in the country; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## THE  MINISTER  OF  STATE  (INDEPENDENT  CHARGE)  FOR  POWER,  COAL, NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY AND MINES (SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

(a)  and  (b):    As  per  section  23C  of  the  Mines  and  Minerals  (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Act, 1957, state governments have been empowered to make rules for preventing illegal  mining,  transportation  and  storage  of  minerals.  Prevention  and  control  of  illegal mining,  therefore,  comes  under  the  administrative  and  legislative  jurisdiction  of  State Governments.

However, Ministry of Mines, through Indian Bureau of Mines, has developed a Mining Surveillance  System  ( MSS ),  in  collaboration  with  Ministry  of  Electronics  and  Information Technology  and  Bhaskaracharya  Institute  for  Space  Applications  and  Geo-informatics, Gandhinagar, to use space technology for detecting probable illegal mining activities around lease hold areas.

MSS is a satellite-based monitoring system which aims to check illegal mining activity through  automatic  remote-sensing  detection  technology  in  order  to  establish  a  regime  of responsive mineral administration. The system records activity outside the lease boundary and generates a trigger for action on part of the State Government to investigate encroachment and take necessary action.

MSS has been made functional throughout the country for major minerals. Ministry of Mines has requested State Governments to extend MSS for surveillance of quarries/reaches given for minor minerals also.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 714 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Works under SBM
Ministry: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION
Asked by: HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM CHAVAN

## Government of India

## Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 714 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20-07-2017

## Works under SBM

## †714. SHRI HARISHCHANDRA CHAVAN:

Will the Minister of DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION be pleased to state :

- (a)  the  details  of  works  undertaken  so  far  under  the  Swachh  Bharat  Mission  (SBM)  in Maharashtra particularly in Nasik region;
- (b) the total number of people benefitted in Maharashtra particularly in Nasik region;
- (c)  the  details  of  the  incomplete  works  under  the  SBM  in  the  State  particularly  in  Nasik region; and
- (d) the time by which these works are likely to be completed?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION

## (SHRI RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI)

- (a)  Swachh  Bharat  Mission  (Gramin) was  launched on  2 nd October,  2014  with  the  aim  to attain  a  Swachh  Bharat  by  2 nd October  2019.  Individual  household  latrines  (IHHLs) constructed in Maharashtra and Nashik division since launch of SBM(G) is as under :-
- (b) The expected number of people benefitted in Maharashtra and Nasik Division under SBM
- (G) is as under :
- (c)  Balance  number  of  IHHLs  to  be  constructed  in  Maharashtra  and  Nasik  Division  is  as under:-
- (d)  All  households  in  rural  areas  of  Maharashtra  will  be  provided  toilets  by  2 nd October, 2019.

|                                                                           | Maharashtra   | Nashik division   |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|-------------------|
| No. of Individual household latrines (IHHLs) constructed since 2.10.2014. | 35,55,833     | 6,87,046          |

|                                       | Maharashtra   | Nashik division   |
|---------------------------------------|---------------|-------------------|
| No. of people benefitted under SBM(G) | 1,77,79,165   | 34,35,230         |

|                                | Maharashtra   | Nashik division   |
|--------------------------------|---------------|-------------------|
| No. of IHHLs to be constructed | 20,57,086     | 6,38,697          |
Lok Sabha Question No. 713 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Impact of Demonetisation on Wages under MGNREGS
Ministry: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: G. HARI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 713 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20 .0 7.2017

## IMPACT OF DEMONETISATION ON WAGES UNDER MGNREGS

## 713. SHRI G. HARI:

W ill the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the rural wages plunge due to non -availability of cash in rural areas and if so, details thereof;
- (b) whether  the  wage  disbursement  under  Mahatma  Gandhi  National  Rural  Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has been badly affected since demonetisation and if s the details thereof; and
- (c) whether  the  Government  proposes  to  make  direct  transfer  of  wage  payment  to workers under MGNREGS and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT ( SHRI RAM KRIPAL YADAV )

- (a)& (b): No, Madam. The workers under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 are entitled for the wage rate as per the rate notified Central Government in a ccordance with the provisions of section 6(1) of the Act. The wage credited into the accounts of the workers. As present, 96% of wage payments are elect credited into the accounts of the workers through DBT system.
- (c): The Government has s tarted National Electronic Fund Management System (NeFMS) in 21 States and 1 UT for direct payment of wages into workers account. The details are A nnexure.

******

Annexure  referred  in  reply  to  part (c) of  Lok  Sabha Unstarred Question No. 713 dated 20.07.2017.

|   S. No. | States/UT        |
|----------|------------------|
|        1 | Andhra Pradesh   |
|        2 | Assam            |
|        3 | Bihar            |
|        4 | Chhattisgarh     |
|        5 | Gujarat          |
|        6 | Haryana          |
|        7 | Himachal Pradesh |
|        8 | Jharkhand        |
|        9 | Karnataka        |
|       10 | Kerala           |
|       11 | Madhya Pradesh   |
|       12 | Maharashtra      |
|       13 | Odisha           |
|       14 | Punjab           |
|       15 | Rajasthan        |
|       16 | Tamil Nadu       |
|       17 | Telangana        |
|       18 | Tripura          |
|       19 | Uttar Pradesh    |
|       20 | Uttarakhand      |
|       21 | West Bengal      |
|       22 | Puducherry       |
Lok Sabha Question No. 712 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Decline in Earnings from e-auctions
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: PONNUSAMY VENUGOPAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.712

## TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.7.2017

## Decline in Earnings from e-auctions

## 712. DR. P. VENUGOPAL :

Will the Minister of COAL be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  it  is  a  fact  that  earnings  from  e-auctions  have  declined  with  the  fall  in global coal prices and if so, the details thereof;
- (b)  whether  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  current  financial  year,  the  average realization from e-auctions dipped 28% to Rs. 1,570/- per tonne from Rs. 2,184 per tonne a year earlier even though more coal was sold, and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) whether the adequate availability of coal is expected to exert downward pressure on e-auction process, and if so, the details thereof?

## A N S W E R

## MINISTER  OF  STATE  (I/C)  IN  THE  MINISTRY  OF  COAL,  POWER,  NEW  & RENEWABLE ENERGY AND MINES

## ( SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL )

- (a) to (c): Bid prices are mainly determined by market forces. Available coal quantity and demand for coal in the economy determine the bid prices. During the current financial year, average realization from e-auction of coal has increased. The average realization  from  e-auction  of  coal  for  the  1 st quarter  of  2017-18  has  increased  to ₹1,633 per tonne (provisional) as compared to ₹1,280 per tonne in the 1st quarter of 2016-17.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 711 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: DVC
Ministry: POWER
Asked by: RAVINDRA KUMAR RAY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF POWER

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.711 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.07.2017

## DVC

†711. DR. RAVINDRA KUMAR RAY:

Will the Minister of POWER be pleased to state:

(a) whether the Government proposes to shift the headquarter of Damodar Valley  Corporation  (DVC)  to  Jharkhand  as  most  of  its  jurisdiction  falls  in Jharkhand;

- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and

(c) the details of advantages and disadvantages keeping the DVC headquarter in Kolkata itself and whether the Government has ever made any assessment in this regard and if so, the details thereof?

## A N S W E R

THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR POWER, COAL, NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY AND MINES

( SHRI  PIYUSH GOYAL )

(a) : No, Madam.

(b) & (c) : Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is the first major Multipurpose Integrated River Valley Project of India which came into existence on 7 July 1948  by  an  Act  of  Central  Legislature  (Act  No.  XIV  of  1948).  DVC  was conceived on the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) of the USA. Damodar Valley Corporation has entered into 70 th  year of its existence.

The central activities of DVC  pertaining to Administration, Engineering  &  Planning,  Monitoring  and  Departmental  control  functions  at corporate  level  are  being  carried  out  at  the  DVC  Corporate  Headquarters situated at Kolkata. The Operational Headquarters for generation and distribution  of  electrical  energy  is  in  Maithon,  located  in  the  State  of Jharkhand. The Maithon Operational Headquarters has field base control over generation, transmission and distribution, Project construction, Flood control and Irrigation,  Social  Integration  Programme,  Fisheries  Development  etc.  In addition,  Soil  Conservation  Department,  Afforestation  and  Directorate  of Rehabilitation  and  Land  Acquisition  are  also  located  at  Hazaribagh  in  the State of Jharkhand.  The different activities as per requirements of work have been  carried  out  from  different  centres  of  operation  as  was  considered convenient and logical.

************
Lok Sabha Question No. 710 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Implementation of SBM in Telangana
Ministry: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION
Asked by: SUKENDER REDDY GUTHA

## Government of India

## Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 710 TO BE ANSWERED ON 20-07-2017

## Implementation of SBM in Telangana

## 710. SHRI GUTHA SUKENDER REDDY:

Will the Minister of DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION be pleased to state :

- (a) the details of the implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission in the State of Telangana;
- (b) the details of the funds released for construction of toilets in the State under the Mission;
- (c)  whether  the  Government  of  Telangana  has requested  the  Union  Government  to  release balance grants for early construction of toilets in the State; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION (SHRI RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI)

- (a)  Swachh  Bharat  Mission  (Gramin) was  launched on  2 nd October,  2014  with  the  aim  to attain  a  Swachh  Bharat  by  2 nd October 2019. The incentive for latrine  is  Rs.  12000  and  is provided to the BPL households and identified Above Poverty Line (APL). Besides, fund is also provided for Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) subject to a ceiling of Rs. 7/12/15/20 lakh to be applicable for Gram Panchayats having upto 150/300/500/ more than 500 households. Sanitation Coverage in Telangana on the launch of SBM(G) as on 2.10.2014 was 30.51% .  This has been increased to 52.80% as on 17.7.2017 . Total 9,85,936 Individual household  latrines  were  constructed  since  launch  of  SBM(G)  on  2.10.2014.  In  addition, 2,07,823 toilets  were  constructed  under  MGNREGS.  Out  of 11,037 villages,  only 2,025 (18.34%) Villages have been declared ODF. In addition, 46 Blocks and 3 districts have also been declared ODF.
- (b)  Under  Swachh  Bharat  Mission  (Gramin)  component-wise  funds  are  not  released. However, funds released to Telangana during last 3 years and current under SBM(G) is as under :-
- (c) No, Madam.
- (d) Does not arise.

|   S.N. | Year                    |   Funds released (Rs. In crore) |
|--------|-------------------------|---------------------------------|
|      1 | 2014-15                 |                          105.62 |
|      2 | 2015-16                 |                          128.39 |
|      3 | 2016-17                 |                          135.72 |
|      4 | 2017-18(Upto 17.7.2017) |                           70.63 |
Lok Sabha Question No. 708 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-20
Subject: Opening of Liquor Shops
Ministry: ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS
Asked by: SAUGATA ROY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

## LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 708

ANSWERED ON 20 TH  JULY, 2017

## OPENING OF LIQUOR SHOPS

708. PROF. SAUGATA ROY:

## Will the Minister of ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS सड़क परिवहन औि िाजमार्ग मंत्री

be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has noticed that some State Governments/public works department is trying to change the status of national highways and State highways by giving false statements to facilitate the opening of liquor shops along the said highways;

- (b) if so, the details thereof; and

- (c) the steps taken to reinstate the previous status of the said highways?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

(SHRI PON. RADHAKRISHNAN)

- (a) No, Madam.

(b) and (c)

Do not arise.

*****