Lok Sabha Question No. 2701 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-03-12
Subject: Student-Teacher Ratio
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: S.P. MUDDAHANUMEGOWDA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION AND LITERACY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2701 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12 th  MARCH, 2018

## Student-Teacher Ratio

## 2701. SHRI S.P. MUDDAHANUME GOWDA:

## Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether there is an acute shortage of teachers to meet the basic requirement of teacher-student  ratio  in  the  country  and  if  so,  the  details  of  such  shortage  of teachers, State/UT-wise;
- (b)  whether  the  Government  has  conducted  any  survey/study  to  ascertain  the required vis-à-vis actual ratio of teacher student in the country;
- (c) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; and
- (d) the steps taken/proposed to be taken to improve the teacher-student ratio and recruit quality teachers for the betterment of education system?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRI UPENDRA KUSHWAHA)

(a) to (c): The recruitment, service conditions and deployment of teachers are primarily in the domain of the State Governments/UT Administrations. The Central Government through  the  Centrally  Sponsored  Schemes  of  Sarva  Shiksa  Abhiyan  (SSA)  at elementary  level  and  Rashtriya  Madhyamik  Shiksha  Abhiyan  (RMSA)  at  secondary level provides assistance to the State Governments and UT s for additional teachers to maintain  appropriate  Pupil  T eacher  Ratio  (PTR)  as  per  the  prescribed  norms  for various levels of schooling.

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 has been enacted for universalization of elementary education across the country. The RTE Act, 2009 in its Schedule lays down the norm of PTR for primary and upper primary schools at 30:1 and 35:1 respectively. As per the Unified District Information System For Education (UDISE) 2015-16, the PTR at national level for primary schools is 23:1 and upper primary schools is 17:1, which is better than the norm laid down in the RTE Act, 2009. As per RMSA framework, the PTR norm at secondary level is 30:1.  As per UDISE 2015-16, the PTR at Secondary Level is 27:1, which is better than the norms.

The State-wise details of teachers' vacancies at elementary and secondary level is at Annexure-I and Annexure-II (A) and (B) respectively.

(d):    The Central Government has been consistently pursuing the matter of expeditious recruitment and redeployment of teachers and to implement norms of the RTE Act 2009 with the States and UT s at various forums. Advisories to implement the norms of the RTE Act have also been issued to States and UTs from time to time.

I n order to ensure quality of teachers, Section 23(1) of RTE Act stipulates that any person  possessing  such  minimum  qualifications,  as  laid  down  by  an  academic authority,  authorized  by  the  Central  Government,  by  notification,  shall  be  eligible  for appointment  as  a  teacher.  Accordingly,  the  Central  Government  has  notified  the National Council for T eacher Education (NCTE) as academic authority for recruitment of teachers which has laid down such minimum qualifications.

Additionally ,  NCTE,  mandated for providing quality teacher education to the prospective  teachers,  has  set  norms  and  standards  for  infrastructure,  instructional facilities and qualification and experience of faculty for the teacher education institutions in which teachers are educated. For this purpose, NCTE has revised its Recognition, Norms and Procedure, Regulations 2014.

Further, Section 23(2) of the RTE Act has been amended to ensure that all untrained in-service teachers working in Government, Government aided, and Private un-aided schools acquire minimum qualification as laid down by an academic authority, authorized by the Central Government, by 31st March, 2019. The National Institute of Open  Schooling  (NIOS)  has  been  entrusted  to  conduct  this  training  through  ODL (Open  Distance  Learning)  mode.  A  total  of  13,78,935  admissions  of  teachers have been confirmed for the programme.

*****

## ANNEXURE- I

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY  TO  PART  (a)  to  (c)  OF  LOK  SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2701 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.03.2018 ASKED BY SHRI S.P. MUDDAHANUME GOWDA REGARDING 'Student-Teacher Ratio'.

## Status on Teachers (sanctioned, working, vacancies) under State & SSA as on 31.03.2017

| Sl. No.   | State/UT          | Sanctioned Post   | Sanctioned Post   | Sanctioned Post   | Working   | Working   | Working   | Vacancies   | Vacancies   | Vacancies   |
|-----------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Sl. No.   | State/UT          | By State          | Under SSA         | Total             | By State  | Under SSA | Total     | By State    | Under SSA   | Total       |
| 1         | A & NIslands      | 2963              | 206               | 3169              | 2751      | 206       | 2957      | 212         | 0           | 212         |
| 2         | Andhra Pradesh    | 124432            | 24353             | 148785            | 111477    | 24353     | 135830    | 12955       | 0           | 12955       |
| 3         | Arunachal Pradesh | 6720              | 7342              | 14062             | 6662      | 6976      | 13638     | 58          | 366         | 424         |
| 4         | Assam             | 158921            | 45686             | 204607            | 152033    | 32469     | 184502    | 6888        | 13217       | 20105       |
| 5         | Bihar             | 190497            | 402044            | 592541            | 108119    | 280488    | 388607    | 82378       | 121556      | 203934      |
| 6         | Chandigarh        | 3935              | 1390              | 5325              | 3055      | 1000      | 4055      | 880         | 390         | 1270        |
| 7         | Chhattisgarh      | 159307            | 41122             | 200429            | 112170    | 39753     | 151923    | 47137       | 1369        | 48506       |
| 8         | D. & Nagar Haveli | 858               | 946               | 1804              | 789       | 841       | 1630      | 69          | 105         | 174         |
| 9         | Daman & Diu       | 483               | 118               | 601               | 483       | 85        | 568       | 0           | 33          | 33          |
| 10        | Delhi             | 51898             | 6541              | 58439             | 45927     | 4419      | 50346     | 5971        | 2122        | 8093        |
| 11        | Goa               | 5515              | 179               | 5694              | 5515      | 179       | 5694      | 0           | 0           | 0           |
| 12        | Gujarat           | 163418            | 53688             | 217106            | 163418    | 49649     | 213067    | 0           | 4039        | 4039        |
| 13        | Haryana           | 56655             | 13435             | 70090             | 46545     | 11614     | 58159     | 10110       | 1821        | 11931       |
| 14        | Himachal Pradesh  | 44022             | 5556              | 49578             | 42390     | 5556      | 47946     | 1632        | 0           | 1632        |

| 15   | Jammu & Kashmir   |   57830 |   43471 |   101301 |   52816 |   41277 |   94093 |   5014 |   2194 |   7208 |
|------|-------------------|---------|---------|----------|---------|---------|---------|--------|--------|--------|
| 16   | Jharkhand         |   69466 |  122678 |   192144 |   45804 |   68075 |  113879 |  23662 |  54603 |  78265 |
| 17   | Karnataka         |  174767 |   29057 |   203824 |  169613 |   19719 |  189332 |   5154 |   9338 |  14492 |
| 18   | Kerala            |  123457 |    2925 |   126382 |  123457 |    1525 |  124982 |      0 |   1400 |   1400 |
| 19   | Lakshadw eep      |     699 |      32 |      731 |     649 |      32 |     681 |     50 |      0 |     50 |
| 20   | Madhya Pradesh    |  184171 |  178928 |   363099 |  152204 |  144372 |  296576 |  31967 |  34556 |  66523 |
| 21   | Maharashtra       |  299551 |   15387 |   314938 |  280880 |   15387 |  296267 |  18671 |      0 |  18671 |
| 22   | Manipur           |   15591 |    3235 |    18826 |   15591 |    2871 |   18462 |      0 |    364 |    364 |
| 23   | Meghalaya         |    9215 |   13417 |    22632 |    9215 |   12541 |   21756 |      0 |    876 |    876 |
| 24   | Mizoram           |   10280 |    2228 |    12508 |    9180 |    2193 |   11373 |   1100 |     35 |   1135 |
| 25   | Nagaland          |   13866 |    3464 |    17330 |   13866 |    3147 |   17013 |      0 |    317 |    317 |
| 26   | Odisha            |  136669 |   92337 |   229006 |  136669 |   92337 |  229006 |      0 |      0 |      0 |
| 27   | Puducherry        |    3894 |      12 |     3906 |    3127 |      12 |    3139 |    767 |      0 |    767 |
| 28   | Punjab            |   84588 |   10661 |    95249 |   66413 |   10661 |   77074 |  18175 |      0 |  18175 |
| 29   | Rajasthan         |  161392 |  122024 |   283416 |  138150 |  108677 |  246827 |  23242 |  13347 |  36589 |
| 30   | Sikkim            |    7687 |     405 |     8092 |    7687 |     405 |    8092 |      0 |      0 |      0 |
| 31   | Tamil Nadu        |  112962 |   35020 |   147982 |  109174 |   35020 |  144194 |   3788 |      0 |   3788 |
| 32   | Telangana         |   83230 |   14277 |    97507 |   68929 |   14277 |   83206 |  14301 |      0 |  14301 |
| 33   | Tripura           |   25625 |    6070 |    31695 |   21486 |    5808 |   27294 |   4139 |    262 |   4401 |
| 34   | Uttar Pradesh     |  336543 |  423285 |   759828 |  207256 |  328245 |  535501 | 129287 |  95040 | 224327 |
| 35   | Uttarakhand       |   35144 |   10909 |    46053 |   32153 |    6322 |   38475 |   2991 |   4587 |   7578 |
| 36   | West Bengal       |  253890 |  200970 |   454860 |  221229 |  145850 |  367079 |  32661 |  55120 |  87781 |
|      | Total             | 3170141 | 1933398 |  5103539 | 2686882 | 1516341 | 4203223 | 483259 | 417057 | 900316 |

Source: AWP&B and PAB Minutes 2017-18

Annexure -II (A)

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY  TO  PART  (a)  to  (c)  OF  LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2701 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.03.2018 ASKED BY SHRI S.P. MUDDAHANUME GOWDA REGARDING 'Student-Teacher Ratio'.

## Status of Teachers in State Government Secondary Schools

## (Class 9 th & 10 th ) in 2017-18

| Sl. No. States             | Subject Teachers   | Subject Teachers   | Subject Teachers   |
|----------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|                            | Sanctioned post    | In position        | Vacant             |
| 1Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 782                | 782                | 0                  |
| 2Arunachal Pradesh         | 1,543              | 1,543              | 0                  |
| 3Andhra Pradesh            | 30245              | 26385              | 3860               |
| 4Assam                     | 45156              | 40278              | 4878               |
| 5Bihar                     | 48,468             | 31,314             | 17154              |
| 6Chandigarh                | NA                 | NA                 | 0                  |
| 7Chhattisgarh              | 28,127             | 19,849             | 8278               |
| 8Dadar& Nagar Haveli       | 171                | 170                | 1                  |
| 9Daman & Diu               | 139                | 139                | 0                  |
| 10 Delhi                   | 13,652             | 11,681             | 1971               |
| 11Goa                      | 436                | 326                | 110                |
| 12 Gujarat                 | 2,795              | 1,980              | 815                |

| 13 Haryana       | 18,135   | 17,190   |    945 |
|------------------|----------|----------|--------|
| 14 Himachal P    | 9,923    | 9,265    |    658 |
| 15 Jharkhand     | 25,657   | 4,436    |  21221 |
| 16 J & K         | 17,872   | 14,265   |   3607 |
| 17 Karnataka     | 40,807   | 36,103   |   4704 |
| 18 Kerala        | 15683    | 13016    |   2667 |
| 19 Lakshadweep   | 178      | 106      |     72 |
| 20Madhya Pradesh | 58688    | 48816    |   9872 |
| 21 Maharashtra   | 9746     | 8142     |   1604 |
| 22 Meghalaya     | 406      | 406      |      0 |
| 23 Manipur       | 2,130    | 2,074    |     56 |
| 24 Mizoram       | 1,864    | 1,864    |      0 |
| 25 Nagaland      | 2,104    | 1,840    |    264 |
| 26 Orissa        | 29173    | 28,140   |   1033 |
| 27 Pondicherry   | 2,275    | 1,792    |    483 |
| 28 Punjab        | 29,187   | 25,347   |   3840 |
| 29 Rajasthan     | 56,512   | 56,512   |      0 |
| 30 Sikkim        | 1,336    | 1,311    |     25 |
| 31 Tamil Nadu    | 50,158   | 49523    |    635 |
| 32 Telengana     | 46179    | 42189    |   3990 |
| 33 Tripura       | 5,201    | 4,313    |    888 |
| 34 Uttar Pradesh | 14,507   | 7,641    |   6866 |
| 35 Uttarakhnad   | 18783    | 15209    |   3574 |
| 36West Bengal    | 57,877   | 54,259   |   3618 |
| Total            | 685895   | 578206   | 107689 |

Sources: AWP&B-2017-18

Annexure -II (B) ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY  TO  PART  (a)  to  (c)  OF  LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2701 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.03.2018 ASKED BY SHRI S.P. MUDDAHANUME GOWDA REGARDING 'Student-Teacher Ratio'.

Status of Headmasters and Teachers sanctioned under RMSA in 2017-18

| Sl. No .   |                    | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   | Headmasters and Teachers   |
|------------|--------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|
|            | States/ UTs        | Approved                   | Approved                   | Approved                   | In-position                | In-position                | In-position                | Vacant                     | Vacant                     | Vacant                     |
|            | States/ UTs        | Headmaste rs               | Teachers                   | Total                      | Headmast ers               | Teachers                   | Total                      | Headmast ers               | Teacher s                  | Total                      |
| 1          | Andhra Pradesh     | 96                         | 5922                       | 6018                       | 1                          | 1857                       | 1858                       | 95                         | 4065                       | 4160                       |
| 2          | Arunachal Prade sh | 81                         | 416                        | 497                        | 19                         | 294                        | 313                        | 62                         | 122                        | 184                        |
| 3          | Assam              | 12                         | 60                         | 72                         | 3                          | 0                          | 3                          | 9                          | 60                         | 69                         |
| 4          | Bihar              | 1153                       | 6552                       | 7705                       | 0                          | 2815                       | 2815                       | 1153                       | 3737                       | 4890                       |
| 5          | Chandigarh         | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          | 0                          |
| 6          | Chhattisgarh       | 1449                       | 7963                       | 9412                       | 379                        | 5055                       | 5434                       | 1070                       | 2908                       | 3978                       |
| 7          | Daman & Diu        | 3                          | 15                         | 18                         | 0                          | 14                         | 14                         | 3                          | 1                          | 4                          |
| 8          | Gujarat            | 467                        | 1681                       | 2148                       | 0                          | 337                        | 337                        | 467                        | 1344                       | 1811                       |
| 9          | Haryana            | 56                         | 7503                       | 7559                       | 25                         | 5361                       | 5386                       | 31                         | 2142                       | 2173                       |
| 10         | Himachal Prades h  | 176                        | 554                        | 730                        | 168                        | 525                        | 693                        | 8                          | 29                         | 37                         |
| 11         | J&K                | 636                        | 3682                       | 4318                       | 454                        | 2291                       | 2745                       | 182                        | 1391                       | 1573                       |

Source: PAB-2017-18 Minutes

| 12    | Jharkhand      |   1189 |   5945 |   7134 |    0 |     0 |     0 |   1189 |   5945 |   7134 |
|-------|----------------|--------|--------|--------|------|-------|-------|--------|--------|--------|
| 13    | Karnataka      |    464 |   2625 |   3089 |  287 |  1501 |  1788 |    177 |   1124 |   1301 |
| 14    | Kerala         |    111 |    555 |    666 |  111 |   555 |   666 |      0 |      0 |      0 |
| 15    | Madhya Pradesh |   1858 |  18955 |  20813 |  971 |  8877 |  9848 |    887 |  10078 |  10965 |
| 16    | Manipur        |    182 |   1044 |   1226 |  159 |   929 |  1088 |     23 |    115 |    138 |
| 17    | Meghalaya      |     67 |    360 |    427 |   64 |   320 |   384 |      3 |     40 |     43 |
| 18    | Mizoram        |     92 |    506 |    598 |   87 |   481 |   568 |      5 |     25 |     30 |
| 19    | Nagaland       |    168 |   1049 |   1217 |  129 |   608 |   737 |     39 |    441 |    480 |
| 20    | Orissa         |    864 |   5720 |   6584 |  336 |  1329 |  1665 |    528 |   4391 |   4919 |
| 21    | Puducherry     |      9 |     45 |     54 |    0 |    23 |    23 |      9 |     22 |     31 |
| 22    | Punjab         |    318 |   1888 |   2206 |  190 |  1084 |  1274 |    128 |    804 |    932 |
| 23    | Rajasthan      |    273 |   9463 |   9736 |  136 |  7221 |  7357 |    137 |   2242 |   2379 |
| 24    | Sikkim         |     18 |     90 |    108 |    5 |    80 |    85 |     13 |     10 |     23 |
| 25    | Tamil Nadu     |      0 |  13415 |  13415 |    0 |  7927 |  7927 |      0 |   5488 |   5488 |
| 26    | Telangana      |      8 |   4167 |   4175 |    1 |  2656 |  2657 |      7 |   1511 |   1518 |
| 27    | Tripura        |    116 |    497 |    613 |    0 |   353 |   353 |    116 |    144 |    260 |
| 28    | UP             |   1486 |   8574 |  10060 |  941 |  3000 |  3941 |    545 |   5574 |   6119 |
| 29    | Uttrakhand     |    280 |   1562 |   1842 |  131 |  1284 |  1415 |    149 |    278 |    427 |
| 30    | West Bengal    |      7 |     35 |     42 |    0 |     0 |     0 |      7 |     35 |     42 |
| Total |                |  11639 | 110843 | 122482 | 4597 | 56777 | 61374 |   7042 |  54066 |  61108 |