opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 3790 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Induction of INS Khanderi in Navy
Ministry: DEFENCE
Asked by: MANOJ KUMAR TIWARI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

## LOK  SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3790

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 24 TH  MARCH, 2017

## INDUCTION OF INS KHANDERI IN NAVY

3790.  SHRI MANOJ TIWARI:

Will the Minister of DEFENCE j{kk ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether  INS Khanderi submarine has been inducted in Indian Navy to enhance its warfare capacity;
- (b) if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the other submarine in addition to Khanderi proposed to be included in the Indian Navy in the coming years?

## A    N    S    W    E    R

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

(DR. SUBHASH BHAMRE)

र  ा रा य मं ी

(डा. सुभाष भामरे)

(a) to (c): Construction  of  six  Kalvari  class  submarines,  including  INS Khanderi, is being undertaken by Mazagon Dock Ship Builders Limited, in collaboration  with  M/s  DCNS,  France.    INS  Khanderi  was  launched  on 12.01.2017 and will be inducted by Indian Navy after completion of trials.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3787 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Gaps in Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012
Ministry: WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: SURESH KODIKUNNIL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3787 TO BE ANSWERED ON 24.03.2017

## GAPS IN PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT, 2012

## 3787. SHRI KODIKUNNIL SURESH:

Will the Minister of WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the  Government is aware of the increase in number of children suffering from sexual abuse and assault;
- (b) if so, the remedial measures taken by the Government to address the gaps in the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012(POCSO);
- (c) whether  the  Government  is  yet  to  implement  the  recommendations  of  any  Committee constituted to study the legislative and policy issues concerning child welfare, development and protection in the country; and
- (d) if so, the reasons therefor along with the reaction of the Government on the implementation of the recommendations?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT (SHRIMATI KRISHNA RAJ)

- (a) As per 'Crime in  India' published by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), the details of sexual abuse and assault cases against children under the POCSO Act, 2012 are as under:
- (b) Apart  from  creating  awareness  about  the  effective  implementation  of  POCSO  Act through  consultation,  workshop,  seminar,  media  etc.  Recently,  POCSO  e-box  was launched on 26.08.2016 for online reporting of child sexual abuse.
- (c) to  (d)  No  such  committee  has  been  constituted  by  Ministry  of  Women  and  Child Development.

| Year    | Cases reported   |
|---------|------------------|
| 2014-15 | 8,904            |
| 2015-16 | 14,913           |

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 3786 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Electoral Bond Scheme
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: JANARDAN MISHRA, OM PRAKASH YADAV, SUMEDHANAND SARASWATI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.†3786

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 24 th  March 2017/ Chaitra 3, 1939 (SAKA)

## Electoral Bond Scheme

## †3786.  SHRI JANARDAN MISHRA: SHRI OM PRAKASH YADAV: SHRI SUMEDHANAND SARSWATI:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) the salient features of the Electoral Bond Scheme;
- (b) whether the Government has set any time limit for introduction of the said scheme; and
- (c) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## The Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a) to (c): Electoral bonds scheme is one of the announcement made in the budget for the FY 2017-18 to cleanse the system of funding of political parties, wherein, an amendment is being proposed to the  RBI  Act  to  enable  the  issuance  of  electoral  bonds  in  accordance  with  the scheme.  Under  this  scheme,  a  donor  could  purchase  bonds  from  authorised  banks  against cheque and digital payments only. They shall be redeemable only in the designated account of a registered political party. These bonds will be redeemable within the prescribed time limit from issuance of bond.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3782 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Loan Waiver and Relief Scheme
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: PARBHUBHAI NAGARBHAI VASAVA

## Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Financial Services

## LOKSABHA

## Unstarred Question No. +3782 To be answered on Friday, March 24, 2017/Chaitra 3, 1939 (Saka) Loan Waiver and Relief Scheme

3782. +SHRI PRABHUBHAI NAGARBHAI VASAVA:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) The total funds spent on loan waiver and loan relief schemes in the country, State/UT-wise including Gujarat during the year 2014-15,2015-16 and the current year;
- (b) whether the Government of Gujarat has urged to include those farmers in these schemes who had repaid their loans before February, 2014 and 2015
- (c) if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) if not, the reasons therefor?

## Answer

The Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance (Shri Santosh Kumar Gangwar)

(a) to (d): No Loan waiver or loan relief scheme was implemented by the Government during the years 2014-15, 2015-16 and the current year.

The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 (ADWDRS, 2008) was announced in the Union Budget 2008-09 and detailed guidelines for ADWDRS, 2008 were issued on 28.5.2008. The debt waiver portion of the ADWDRS, 2008 was closed by its due date i.e. 30.6.2008, while the debt relief portion of the Scheme was extended till 31.12.2009 and further upto 30.6.2010. The Scheme benefitted 3.73 crore farmers to the extent of Rs. 52,259.86 crore.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3781 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Repayment of Agricultural Loans
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: RAM CHARITRA

## Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Financial Services

## LOKSABHA

Unstarred Question No. 3781 To be answered on Friday, March 24, 2017/Chaitra 3, 1939 (Saka) Repayment of Agricultural Loans

3781. SHRI RAM CHARITRA NISHAD:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) Whether the farmers have sought more time to pay their agricultural loans post demonetisation;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and
- (c) the action taken by the Government in this regard?

## Answer

The Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance (Shri Santosh Kumar Gangwar)

- (a) to (c) : Post demonetisation, the Government has taken the following relief measures for the farming sector:
- i. The Government decided that an additional grace period of 60 days for prompt repayment incentive @ 3% will be provided to such of the farmers whose crop loans dues fall due between 01/11/2016 to 31/12/2016 and if such farmers repay the same within 60 days from their due date in this period.
- ii. The Government also decided to grant interest waiver for two months (November and December, 2016) for all short term crop loan availed from Cooperative Banks between 01.04.2016 to 30.09.2016 and upfront deposit of the same in the accounts of the concerned farmers.
- iii. National Bank for Agriculture and rural Development (NABARD) will make short term borrowings at prevailing market rate of interest for approx. Rs. 20,000 crore for on-lending to Cooperative Banks at 4.5% rate of interest.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3777 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Cashew Industry
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: N.K. PREMACHANDRAN

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE

*****

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3777

## TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY THE 24 TH  MARCH, 2017 CHAITRA 03, 1939 (SAKA)

## CASHEW INDUSTRY

## 3777. SHRI N. K. PREMACHANDRAN:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  taken  note  of  the  increasing  rate  of  taxes  thereby adversely affecting the cashew industry and if so, the details thereof;
- (b)  whether the Government proposes to reduce the rate of tax as the cess imposed on cashew industry and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) the steps taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a): No  conclusive  data  is  available  to  indicate  any  adverse  impact  on  cashew industry  due  to  the  imposition  of  5%  Basic  Customs  Duty  on  cashew  nuts  in  shell [Tariff Item 0801 31 00] in Budget 2016-17.

(b): Presently, there is no proposal under consideration of the Government to reduce the rate of tax imposed on cashew industry.

(c): Does not arise in view of (a) and (b) above.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3776 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: GST on LPG
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: YERRAM VENKATA SUBBAREDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE

## DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE

*****

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3776

## TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY THE 24 TH  MARCH, 2017 CHAITRA 03, 1939 (SAKA)

## GST ON LPG

## 3776. SHRI Y.V. SUBBA REDDY:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether once Goods and Services Tax (GST) is rolled out, the price of LPG is also likely to go up as to tax the end product, i.e. LPG; and
- (b)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  along  with  the  proposed/expected  GST  on  LPG  and  the price of LPG after GST?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a): Sir, as per Article 279A of the Constitution, the Goods and Services Tax Council shall make recommendations to the Union and the States on the taxes, cesses and surcharges  levied  by  the  Union,  the  States  and  the  local  bodies  which  may  be subsumed  in  the  goods  and  services  tax.  GST  Council  is  yet  to  consider  and recommend GST rate structure on LPG. Therefore, it is not known what effect levy of GST on LPG, if any, would have on the price of LPG.

- (b): A  Committee  of  officers  from  the  Centre  and  State  Governments  has  been constituted  to  discuss  the  fitment  of  the  various  goods  and  services  and  make recommendations in this regard. However, the GST Council is yet to take a final view on the details of the GST rate structure.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3775 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Interest Subsidy to Industries
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: ANIRUDHAN SAMPATH

## GQVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF EXPENDITURE

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3775

TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY 24th MARCH, 2017/ CHAITRA 3, 1938-1939 (SAKA)

Interest Subsidy to Industries

3775. DRASAMPATH:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- a) whether the Government provides subsidy on interest and other benefits to industries having business turn out of more than Rs.100 crores; and
- b) If the details thereof? SO,

## ANSWER

Minister of State for Finance

## (SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)

- (a) to (b): Government of India through Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) provides subsidy on interest and other benefits to industrial units under North East Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy (NEIIPP) , 2007 for eight  states of North Eastern Region and under  Special Package Scheme for Special Category State of Jammu and Kashmir regardless of the business turnover: There is no separate scheme under DIPP to provide subsidy on interest and other benefits to industries having business turnover of either more than or less than Rs.100 crores. In addition, capital investment subsidy is provided to industrial units set up in the States of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3774 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Transaction Fee Charges
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: BHEEMRAO BASWANTHRAO PATIL, BAHADUR SINGH KOLI, KOTHA PRABHAKAR REDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 3774

## LOK SABHA

TO BE ANSWERED ON 24th MARCH, 2017 (FRIDAYJCHAITRA 3, 1939 (SAKA)

## Transaction Fee Charges

3774. SHRI BHEEMRAO B PATIL:

SHRI BAHADUR SINGH KOLI:

SHRI

PRABHAKAR REDDY KOTHA:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether several banks are still imposing the transaction fee charges on consumers paying through debitlcredit card for fuel despite clear instruction from the Government not to do sO;
- (b) if SO, the details thereof, bank-wise along with the guidelines issued by the Government in this regard;
- (c) whether the Government persuading banks to reverse these charges;
- (d) if so, the details thereof; and
- (e) the steps taken by the Government in this regard?

## The

## Answer Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance

- (a) to (e) The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG) has apprised that public sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have decided that no service charge shall be levied on dealer or customer for transaction done through debit cards for purchase of fuel and that OMCs and MoP&NG have received few complaints regarding transaction fee charged by several banks on fuel purchase transactions by customers   through debit cards and the same have been transferred to the respective banks for taking necessary corrective action at their end.

## (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)
Lok Sabha Question No. 3772 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Transaction Cost on Cards
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: K. MARAGATHAM

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## LOK SABHA

TO BE ANSWERED ON 24th MARCH, 2017 (FRIDAYJCHAITRA 3, 1939 (SAKA)

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 3772

## Transaction Cost on Cards

## 3772 SHRIMATI K MARAGATHAM:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has asked railways and banks to cut transaction cost on cards as the customer facing the problems of added cost;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- C) whether the Government has fixed any deadline for the railways and banks to cut the transaction cost on cards; and
- (d) If so, the details thereof and if not; the reasons therefor?

## Answer The Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance (SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

- (a) to (d) The Office of the Controller General Accounts, vide its Office Memoranda no\_ 1(1)/2008/ECSITA/670, dated 14th and 15th has clarified that Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) charges up to Rs. 1 lakh on Government dues for taxes, non-taxes and other payments through debit cards shall be absorbed by the Government of India itself.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3770 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Unani Medical College in Assam
Ministry: AYURVEDA,YOGA & NATUROPATHY,UNANI,SIDDHA AND HOMEOPATHY (AYUSH)
Asked by: MAULANA BADRUDDIN AJMAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH)

LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTION NO. 3770 TO BE ANSWERED ON 24 TH MARCH, 2017

## UNANI MEDICAL COLLEG E IN ASSAM

## 3770. SHRI BADRUDDIN AJMAL:

Will the Minister of AYURVEDA,YOGA AND NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY(AYUSH) be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  is  aware  about  the  long  pending  demand  of  a  Unani  Medica College at Dhurbi, Assam;
- (b) whether the State Governmen t has sent any proposal to the Government for setting up of Unani Medical College at Dhurbi;
- (c) if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) if not, whether Government would likely to take up the matter with the State Governme setting up a Unani Medical College at Dhurbi in the light of the fact that currently there i single Unani medical college in Assam and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE (IC) OF THE MINISTRY OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (SHRI SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK)

- (a):      There is no demand pending with the Central Government for an Unani Medical College at Dhurbi, Assam.
- (b):        No.
- (c):       Does not arise in view of (b) above.
- (d):      If the State Government of Assam applies for setting up of an Unani Medical Co Dhurbi under the provisions of regulations namely 'The Establishment of New Medical College, Opening of New or Higher Course of Study or Training and Increase of Admission Capacity by Medical College Regulations, 2003 read with amendment Regulations of 2013' a nd fulfills the criteria  of  regulations  namely  ' Indian  Medicine  Central  Council  (Requirements  of  Minimum Standard for under -graduate  Unani  Colleges  and  attached  Hospitals)  Regulations,  2016', then after examining the recommendation/ report of the CCIM, the Central Government may grant Letter of Intent and Letter of  Permission to the State Government.

………………..
Lok Sabha Question No. 3769 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Immunisation
Ministry: HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Asked by: MAHEISH GIRRI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3769 TO BE ANSWERED ON 24 th MARCH, 2017

## IMMUNISATION

## 3769. SHRI MAHEISH GIRRI:

Will the Minister of HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has approved the introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV),an universal immunisation programme to be implemented in five States, and if so, the details thereof ;
- (b) the criteria followed to select the five States;
- (c)  the  number  of  target  beneficiaries planned  to  be  covered  under  this programme,  and  the timeframe in which the programme is expected to be completed; and
- (d) whether the Government intends to expand this programme to the rest of the country and if so, the details of the same?

## ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (SHRI FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE)

- (a): Yes, the Government has approved the introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vacci ne (PCV) in the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). The PneumococcalC onjugate V accine is planned forintroduc tioninfive states namely Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and identified  districts  of  Uttar  Pradesh and identified  districts  of Rajasthan  in  a  phased  manner starting from the year 2017 with support from Gavi as commodity assistance for PCV vaccine
- (b): The States  were  selected  by  the  expert  group  based  on the  estimated  burden  of pneumonia  and  pneumococcal  pneumonia  in each  state and  the  estimated  deaths that  can  be prevented .
- (c): Pneumococcal Conjugate V accine is targeting approximately 71 lakh children in thes five states by the third year of its planned introduction.
- (d): Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine is planned for expans ion in the country in a phased manner as per the vaccine and resource availability.
Lok Sabha Question No. 3767 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Regional Rural Banks
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: HEMANT TUKARAM GODSE

## Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Financial Services

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.  3767 To be answered on the March 24, 2017/Chaitra 03, 1939 (SAKA)

## Regional Rural Banks

3767: SHRI GODSE HEMANT TUKARAM:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

(a)  whether  the  Government  proposes  to  recapitalise  the  Regional  Rural  Banks (RRBs) to improve their viability;

- (b)   if so, the details thereof; and
- (c)  the time by which RRBs are likely to be recapitalised by the Government?

## Answer Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance (SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a)  to  (c):  As  per  the  norms  stipulated  by  Reserve  Bank  of  India  (RBI),  Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are required to maintain Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of 9% on continuous basis.

With a view to bring the Capital to Risk weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of RRBs to at least 9%, Dr. K C Chakrabarty Committee, inter-alia, recommended recapitalization support to the extent of Rs.2,200 crore to 40 RRBs in 21 States, to be shared  by the stakeholders  in  proportion  to    their  shareholding  in  RRBs  i.e.  50%  by  the  Central Government,  15%  by  the  State  Government  and  35%  by  the  concerned  sponsor banks.  After approval of the Cabinet, the recapitalisation process of RRBs started in 2010-11.  Upto 31.3.2014, an amount of Rs.1086.70 crore was released to 39 RRBs .

The  Scheme  was  extended  further  for  next  three  years  beyond  2013-14  i.e.  upto 2016-17.

During 2015-16, Rs. 15 crore was disbursed to three RRBs.  In 2016-17, an amount of Rs.2.595 crore has been provided to Ellaquai Dehati Bank.

The release of GoI share of recapitalisation assistance is contingent upon proportionate release of Sponsor Bank and State Government share.

## \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Lok Sabha Question No. 3766 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-03-24
Subject: Recast Packages under CDR
Ministry: FINANCE
Asked by: VASANTHI M.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3766

## TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 24th MARCH, 2017/ CHAITRA 03, 1939 (SAKA)

## RECAST PACKAGES UNDER CDR

## 3766. SHRIMATI VASANTHI M:

Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:

- a) whether the Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) packages of 264 borrowers worth Rs. 1,25,093 crore of loans have turned into bad assets and if So, the details thereof and the reasons therefor;
- b) whether the recast packages worth Rs.42,00 crore under the CDR failed in 2016 and if SO, the details thereof; and
- c) the steps taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE

(SHRI SANTOSH KUMAR GANGWAR)

(a) to (c): As per the data provided by Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) Cell, the total number of cases approved under CDR mechanism as on December 2016 was 530 with aggregated debt amount of Rs.4.03 lakh crore. Out of this, the number of cases withdrawn on account of package failure is 264 with aggregated debt of Rs.1.25 lakh crore and the number of cases successfully exited is 98 with aggregated debt amount of Rs.0.71 lakh crore The remaining cases numbering 168 with aggregated debt amount of Rs.2.07 lakh 31,

Reason for   turning NPA are non-achievement of CDR projections due to economic slowdown, competition from China and natural calamities like draught which affected sugar industries, land acquisitions issue in Infra projects.

with reference to the position as on March 31, 2015 advised banks to recognize impairment and make additional provisions for specific accounts based on extant Income Recognition and Asset Classification (IRAC) Norms.