Lok Sabha Question No. 84 (STARRED), answered on 2016-11-22
Subject: Air Pollution
Ministry: ENVIRONMENT,  FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Asked by: R. VANAROJA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

## LOK  SABHA STARRED QUESTION N0. 84

TO BE ANSWERED ON 22.11.2016

## Air Pollution

## *84. SHRIMATI VANAROJA R.:

Will  the  Minister  of  ENVIRONMENT,  FOREST  AND  CLIMATE  CHANGE  be  pleased  to state:

- (a) whether the Government has taken note of rise in air pollution in NCR recently and if so, the details thereof along with the reasons therefor;
- (b) the corrective steps taken to reduce air pollution;
- (c) whether India has pledged to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions substantially by 2030, if so, the details thereof along with the estimated funds required for meeting the target and resource mobilisation for the purpose;
- (d) whether India is likely to emerge as the largest emitter of GHGs in the coming years and if so, the reaction of the Government thereto; and
- (e) the names of the developed/ developing countries which have pledged to cut down green house gas emissions, country-wise?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

(SHRI ANIL MADHAV DAVE)

- (a) to (e): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

***

## Statement referred to in reply to Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 84 due for reply on 22.11.2016 regarding 'Air Pollution' by SHRIMATI VANAROJA R., Hon'ble Member of Parliament

- (a) The  air  pollution  in  National  Capital  Region  (NCR)  reached  severe  category  in  Air Quality Index (AQI) recently during the first week of November, 2016.  The rise in air pollution,  predominantly  with  respect  to  PM2.5, can  be  attributed  to  meteorological conditions like low temperature, poor wind speed and low mixing height, in addition to the  major  contributing  factors  like  road  dust,  vehicular  emissions,  construction  and demolition activities, gensets, industrial emissions, garbage burning, stubble burning, hot mix  plants,  brick  kilns  etc.  The  meteorological  data  and  PM2.5  concentration  in  Delhi from October 1 to November 10 compared for the years 2015 and 2016 is enclosed at Annexure I.
- (b) The  major  steps  taken  by  Government  to  reduce  pollution  in  NCR inter  alia include notification  of  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards;  formulation  of  environmental regulations  /  statutes;  setting  up  of  monitoring  network  for  assessment  of  ambient  air quality;  introduction  of  cleaner  /  alternate  fuels  like  gaseous  fuel  (CNG,  LPG  etc.), ethanol blending; promotion of cleaner production processes; launching of National Air Quality  index;  universalization  of  BS-IV  by  2017;  leapfrogging  from  BS-IV  to  BS-VI fuel  standards  by  1st  April,  2020;  comprehensive  amendments  to  various  Waste Management Rules and notification of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules; banning of burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste; promotion of public transport and network of metro, e-rickshaws, promotion of car pooling, Pollution Under Control Certificate, lane discipline, vehicle maintenance; regular co-ordination meetings at official and ministerial level with Delhi and other State Governments within the NCR; issuance of directions under Section 18(1)(b) of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; installation of online continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries; collection of Environmental Protection Charge on more than 2000 CC diesel vehicles in Delhi; and ban on bursting of sound emitting crackers between 10 PM to 6 AM etc.
- (c)          In  2015,  India,  as  part  of  its  Intended  Nationally  Determined  Contributions  (INDCs), announced its commitment to reduce emission intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent from 2005 levels by 2030. This goal is to be implemented between the period 2020 and 2030. India's  realization  of  INDC  goals  is  contingent  upon  the  support  on  finance, transfer of environmentally sound technologies and capacity building to be provided from available domestic and international sources. A preliminary estimate suggests that at least USD 2.5 trillion (at 2014-15 prices) will be required for meeting India's climate change actions between now and 2030.
- (d)   As per India's First Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC, the quantum of India's net Green House Gas (GHG) emission in 2010 was 1884 million tonnes in CO2 equivalent terms which is far lower than the GHG emissions of China and USA which rank 1 st and 2 nd globally in terms of total annual GHG emissions.  India's per capital emission in 2010 was 1.56 metric tonnes CO2 equivalent which is less than one-third of the  World's per capita emissions.
- (e) Till date 163 countries have submitted their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions  (INDCs)  to  United  Nations  Framework  Convention  on  Climate  Change (UNFCCC). The list of the countries is enclosed at Annexure II.

******

## Annexure I

## ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARA (a) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 84 DUE FOR REPLY ON 22.11.2016 REGARDING AIR POLLUTION BY SHRIMATI VANAROJA R., HON'BLE MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT.

## Comparisons of daily mean PM2.5 with Meteorological Parameter (2015 - 2016)

| Date      |   Temperature C | Temperature C   |   RH (%) | RH (%)   | Wind Speed (m/s)   | Wind Speed (m/s)   | Wind Direction   | Wind Direction   |   Mixing Height (m) |   Mixing Height (m) |   PM2.5 ( µg/m 3 ) |   PM2.5 ( µg/m 3 ) |
|-----------|-----------------|-----------------|----------|----------|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|------------------|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|           |          2015   | 2016            |   2015   | 2016     | 2015               | 2016               | 2015             | 2016             |                2015 |                2016 |               2015 |               2016 |
| 01-02 Oct |            29.9 | 31.9            |     50.3 | 62.6     |                    | 1.8                |                  | SE, E            |                 808 |                 812 |                 60 |                 89 |
| 02-03 Oct |            29.7 | 32.1            |     50.3 | 64.0     |                    | 1.9                |                  | SE,S             |                 810 |                 770 |                 55 |                 81 |
| 03-04 Oct |            30.5 | 32.3            |     51.8 | 64.3     |                    | 1.4                |                  | Variable         |                 792 |                 625 |                 81 |                 96 |
| 04-05 Oct |            31.5 | 29.0            |     43.5 | 73.5     |                    |                    |                  |                  |                 740 |                 525 |                112 |                 90 |
| 05-06 Oct |            32   | 29.1            |     41.1 | 69.9     |                    |                    |                  |                  |                 704 |                 653 |                 94 |                 80 |
| 06-07 Oct |            30.4 | 30.2            |     51.3 | 69.9     |                    | 2.3                |                  | S                |                 777 |                 727 |                 51 |                104 |
| 07-08 Oct |            30.3 | 30.6            |     58.4 | 61.3     |                    | 1.9                |                  | W,NW             |                 699 |                 783 |                 87 |                108 |
| 08-09 Oct |            30.6 | 30.7            |     49   | 55.2     | 2.2                | 2.0                | NW               | NW,W             |                 709 |                 788 |                 73 |                 86 |
| 09-10 Oct |            31   | 30.7            |     42.6 | 52.7     | 2.1                | 1.4                | W,NW             | SE               |                 723 |                 688 |                 64 |                 96 |
| 10-11 Oct |            31.4 | 29.7            |     36.3 | 51.3     | 2.4                | 2.0                | W                | W                |                 644 |                 751 |                 70 |                 83 |
| 11-12 Oct |            31   | 29.6            |     42.4 | 47.1     | 2.3                | 2.7                | W, S             | W,SW             |                 708 |                 754 |                 57 |                100 |
| 12-13 Oct |            30.6 | 29.4            |    984.4 | 40.6     | 2                  | 2.9                | W, NE            | W,SW             |                 691 |                 713 |                 65 |                 93 |
| 13-14 Oct |            29.3 | 29.4            |     62.7 | 36.8     | 2.4                | 2.8                | SE, E, NE        | W,SW             |                 784 |                 688 |                 75 |                 94 |
| 14-15 Oct |            27.3 | 29.5            |     64.3 | 37.5     | 2.3                | 2.3                | SE, E, NE        | W                |                 773 |                 648 |                 70 |                 88 |
| 15-16 Oct |            28.6 | 28.5            |     58.3 | 42.0     | 1.4                | 2.0                | NE, N            | W                |                 642 |                 695 |                 83 |                108 |
| 16-17 Oct |            29.3 |                 |     56.5 |          | 1.6                |                    | N, SW            |                  |                 559 |                 698 |                 91 |                 93 |
| 17-18 Oct |            29.1 | 28.9            |     54.6 | 37.9     | 1.9                | 2.2                | Variable         | W,SW,NW          |                 687 |                 639 |                 96 |                111 |
| 18-19 Oct |            29.4 | 28.6            |     54   | 40.1     | 1.3                | 2.1                | NE               | W,SW             |                 593 |                 665 |                116 |                109 |
| 19-20 Oct |            30.2 | 29.0            |     51.9 | 38.6     | 1.6                | 1.9                | Variable         | SW               |                 569 |                 550 |                115 |                103 |

| 20-21 Oct     |   30.1 |   29.3 |   47.8 |   36.4 |   2.2 |   2.1 | N,NW,W    | W,SW     |   638 | 659   |   84 |   113 |
|---------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|-------|-------|-----------|----------|-------|-------|------|-------|
| 21-22 Oct     |   28.4 |   29.4 |   44.3 |   36.6 |   2.6 |   2.7 | NW        | W,SW     |   714 | 526   |  116 |    96 |
| 22-23 Oct     |   27.6 |   28.9 |   39.8 |   40.6 |   2.7 |   3.1 | NW        | W        |   645 | 591   |   73 |   108 |
| 23-24 Oct     |   27.2 |   27.8 |   39.7 |   41.2 |   2.2 |   2.9 | NW        | W        |   606 | 620   |   85 |   136 |
| 24-25 Oct     |   27.2 |   28.4 |   39.8 |   38.9 |   1.6 |   2.6 | E, SW, NE | SW,W     |   647 | 657   |  100 |   100 |
| 25-26 Oct     |   27   |   27.8 |   45.2 |   43.5 |   3.3 |   2.5 | E         | W,SW     |   733 | 707   |   88 |    87 |
| 26-27 Oct     |   26.2 |   27.7 |   47.1 |   43.7 |   2.6 |   1.6 | NE,NW     | Variable |   694 | 596   |   75 |   143 |
| 27-28 Oct     |   26.3 |   27.3 |   44.7 |   41.7 |   2.3 |   2.2 | NW        | W,SW,NW  |   694 | 537   |   80 |   214 |
| 28-29 Oct     |   21.3 |   26.4 |   52.6 |   42.6 |   3.1 |   1.8 | NW        | W        |   715 | 548   |   85 |   256 |
| 29-30 Oct     |   22.7 |   25.5 |   57.1 |   50.2 |   1.6 |   1.2 | E, NE     | E        |   708 | 455   |   87 |   344 |
| 30-31 Oct     |   24.2 |   24.8 |   54.9 |   56.9 |   1.6 |   1.3 | NW,N      | ESE      |   673 | 492   |  173 |   447 |
| 31 Oct-01 Nov |   24.8 |   25.1 |   51.9 |   51.4 |   1.4 |   1   | N, NW, NE | W,N,E    |   627 | 487   |  231 |   259 |
| 01-02 Nov     |   25.7 |   25.6 |   51.1 |   48.8 |   1.2 |   1.3 | NE, N     | W,NW,SW  |   522 | 528   |  185 |   197 |
| 02-03 Nov     |   26   |   25   |   50.6 |   55.5 |   1.4 |   1.2 | N, NE     | W        |   472 | 521   |  201 |   354 |
| 03-04 Nov     |   25.7 |   26   |   49.5 |   48.3 |   1.1 |   1   | NE        | SW,W     |   473 | 501   |  175 |   228 |
| 04-05 Nov     |   25.9 |   24.9 |   49.5 |   52.9 |   1.3 |   1.7 | E         | SW       |   542 | 576   |  149 |   283 |
| 05-06 Nov     |   21.8 |   23.1 |   72.2 |   62   |   2.6 |   1.8 | NE        | W, SW    |   445 |       |  117 |   582 |
| 06-07 Nov     |   23.5 |   22.9 |   63.8 |   63.2 |   1.7 |   1.3 | E         | SW       |   585 |       |  147 |   709 |
| 07-08 Nov     |   23.4 |   23.8 |   62.8 |   47.8 |   1.8 |   3   | N         | W        |   571 | 618   |  188 |   366 |
| 08-09 Nov     |   23   |   23.7 |   59.6 |   42.3 |   1.9 |   2.9 | NE, N     | W        |   584 | 603   |  127 |   252 |
| 09-10 Nov     |   24.2 |   23.6 |   56   |   41.4 |   1.4 |   2.1 | NE        | SW,W     |   529 | 491   |  130 |   373 |
| 10-11 Nov     |   24.7 |   23.8 |   53.3 |   42.4 |   1.9 |   1.3 | NW,N      | S,SW     |   491 | 402   |  133 |   294 |

## Annexure II

ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARA  (e)  OF  THE  LOK  SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 84 DUE FOR REPLY ON 22.11.2016 REGARDING AIR POLLUTION BY SHRIMATI VANAROJA R., HON'BLE MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT.

## List of Countries

1. Afghanistan
2. Albania
3. Algeria
4. Andorra
5. Angola
6. Antigua and Barbuda
7. Argentina
8. Armenia
9. Australia
10. Azerbaijan
11. Bahamas
12. Bahrain
13. Bangladesh
14. Barbados
15. Belarus
16. Belize
17. Benin
18. Bhutan
19. Bolivia
20. Bosnia-Herzegovina
21. Botswana
22. Brazil
23. Brunei
24. Burkina Faso -
25. Burundi -
26. Cabo Verde
27. Cambodia
28. Cameroon
29. Canada
30. Central African Republic
31. Chad
32. Chile
33. China
34. Colombia
35. Comoros
36. Congo
37. Cook Islands
38. Costa Rica
39. Côte d'Ivoire
40. Cuba
41. Democratic People's Republic of Korea on behalf of Democratic People's Republic of Korea
42. Democratic Republic of the Congo
43. Djibouti
44. Dominica
45. Dominican Republic
46. Ecuador
47. Egypt
48. El Salvador
49. Equatorial Guinea
50. Eritrea
51. Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
52. Fiji
53. Gabon
54. Gambia
55. Georgia
56. Ghana
57. Grenada -
58. Guatemala
59. Guinea
60. Guinea Bissau
61. Guyana
62. Haiti
63. Honduras
64. Iceland
65. India
66. Indonesia
67. Iran
68. Iraq
69. Israel
70. Jamaica
71. Japan
72. Jordan
73. Kazakhstan
74. Kenya
75. Kiribati
76. Kuwait
77. Kyrgyzstan
78. Lao People's Democratic Republic
79. Latvia and the European Commission on behalf of the European Union and its Member States.
80. Lebanon
81. Lesotho
82. Liberia
83. Liechtenstein
84. Madagascar
85. Malawi
86. Malaysia
87. Maldives
88. Mali
89. Marshall Islands
90. Mauritania
91. Mauritius
92. Mexico
93. Micronesia
94. Monaco
95. Mongolia
96. Montenegro
97. Morocco
98. Mozambique
99. Myanmar
100. Namibia
101. Nauru
102. Nepal
103. New Zealand
104. Niger
105. Nigeria
106. Niue
107. Norway
108. Oman
109. Pakistan
110. Palau
111. Panama
112. Papua New Guinea
113. Paraguay
114. Peru
115. Philippines
116. Qatar
117. Republic of Korea
118. Republic of Moldova
119. Russia
120. Rwanda
121. Saint Kitts and Nevis
122. Saint Lucia
123. Saint Vincent and Grenadines
124. Samoa
125. San Marino
126. Sao Tome and Principe
127. Saudi Arabia
128. Senegal
129. Serbia
130. Seychelles
131. Sierra Leone
132. Singapore
133. Solomon Islands
134. Somalia
135. South Africa
136. South Sudan
137. Sri Lanka
138. Sudan
139. Suriname
140. Swaziland
141. Switzerland
142. Tajikistan
143. Thailand
144. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
145. Togo
146. Tonga
147. Trinidad and Tobago
148. Tunisia
149. Turkey
150. Turkmenistan
151. Tuvalu
152. Uganda
153. Ukraine
154. United Arab Emirates

155. United Republic of Tanzania 156. United States of America 157. Uruguay 158. Vanuatu 159. Venezuela 160. Viet Nam 161. Yemen 162. Zambia 163. Zimbabwe