Lok Sabha Question No. 105 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-07-17
Subject: GER of Boys and Girls
Ministry: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Asked by: GOPAL CHINAYYA SHETTY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. † 105 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.07.2017

## GER of Boys and Girls

## †105. SHRI GOPAL SHETTY:

Will the Minister of HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:

(a) whether it is a fact that there is a huge gap between Gross Enrollment Ratios (GER) of Boys and Girls  at  the  secondary,  senior  secondary  and  higher  education  level  in  the  country  and  if  so,  the State/UT-wise details thereof and the reasons therefor; and

(b) the manner in which the Government proposes to tackle  this serious problem?

## A N S W E R

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

## (SHRI UPENDRA KUSHWAHA)

(a):    As  per  Unified-District  Information  System  For  Education  (UDISE)  2015-16,  the  Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of boys and girls at secondary level is 79.16 % and 80.97% respectively and GER of boys and girls at Senior Secondary level is 55.95% and 56.41% respectively. Hence there is no massive gap in GER of boys and girls at secondary and senior secondary level in the country. In case  of  higher  education,  as  per  All  India  Survey  on  Higher  Education  (AISHE),    GER  of  girls (23.5%) is marginally lower than that of boys (25.4%) at all India level and also in respect of most of the  States.  A  statement  showing,  State-wise,  Gross  Enrolment  Ratio  (GER)  of  boys  and  girls  at secondary, senior secondary and higher education levels in the country for 2015-16 is annexed.  Lower GER of girls in higher education as compared to that of boys could be attributed to factors such as social, cultural and religious beliefs, attitudes and practices, poverty and poor learning environment.

(b):      Under  the  Centrally  Sponsored  Scheme  of  Rashtriya  Madhyamik  Shiksha  Abhiyan  (RMSA), universalisation  of  secondary  education  envisages  enhancing  the  enrollment  ratio  by  providing  a secondary  school  within  a  reasonable  distance  of  every  habitation,  improving  quality  of  education imparted  at  secondary  level  through  making  all  secondary  schools  conform  to  prescribed  norms, removal of gender, socio-economic and disability barriers. RMSA emphasises not only on access to quality secondary education for Special Focus Groups (SC, ST, Minority, Girls and CWSN), but also on removing social and gender disparity in secondary education. Several provisions have been made under RMSA for improving Girls education and effectively addressing gender issues which includes Girl's  Hostel,  Gender  Sensitization  Module,  Construction  of  Toilets  for  Girls,  Construction  of Residential  Quarters for Female Teachers, Curriculum Reform, Conduct of Self-defence Training for the  Girls,  Special  Programmes  for  Empowerment  of  Girls,  Stipend  for  Girls  with  Disabilities  and Vocationalization  of  Secondary  Education.  In  order  to  encourage  girl  students  for  pursuing  higher education, the Government is implementing scholarship/fellowship  programmes for them to supplement the cost of education. For increasing participation of girls in higher education 'Construction of Women's hostels for colleges' scheme is also being implemented.

******

## ANNEXURE  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PART  (a)  OF  LOK  SABHA  UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 105 TO BE ANSWERED ON 17.07.2017 ASKED BY SHRI GOPAL SHETTY REGARDING "GER OF BOYS AND GIRLS'

## State -wise Gross Enrolment Ratio(GER)

| Sl. No.   | Level of Education       | Secondary - 16   | Secondary - 16   | Senior Secondary 2015 - 16   | Senior Secondary 2015 - 16   | Higher Education 2015 - 16   | Higher Education 2015 - 16   |
|-----------|--------------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|
| State/UT  | Year                     | 2015 Boys        | Girls            | Male                         | Female                       | Male                         | Female                       |
| 1         | Andaman &Nicobar Islands | 89.07            | 84.28            | 72.92                        | 76.40                        | 22.3                         | 24.7                         |
| 2         | Andhra Pradesh           | 74.63            | 76.48            | 58.28                        | 62.27                        | 34.7                         | 26.9                         |
| 3         | Arunachal Pradesh        | 91.66            | 87.58            | 62.02                        | 61.60                        | 28.8                         | 28.5                         |
| 4         | Assam                    | 72.48            | 83.04            | 38.22                        | 39.47                        | 16.2                         | 14.7                         |
| 5         | Bihar                    | 72.42            | 85.43            | 34.76                        | 36.66                        | 15.8                         | 12.6                         |
| 6         | Chandigarh               | 85.23            | 89.84            | 80.86                        | 86.75                        | 48.4                         | 70.4                         |
| 7         | Chhatisgarh              | 89.44            | 94.48            | 53.89                        | 54.11                        | 15.7                         | 14.6                         |
| 8         | Dadra &Nagar Haveli      | 91.56            | 85.17            | 45.29                        | 52.60                        | 7.8                          | 11.3                         |
| 9         | Daman &Diu               | 67.05            | 81.44            | 16.32                        | 32.27                        | 4.6                          | 9.2                          |
| 10        | Delhi                    | 103.23           | 111.27           | 73.25                        | 83.60                        | 43.0                         | 48.2                         |
| 11        | Goa                      | 103.03           | 105.44           | 70.79                        | 81.59                        | 25.0                         | 30.9                         |
| 12        | Gujarat                  | 80.26            | 66.82            | 45.17                        | 41.42                        | 22.9                         | 18.3                         |
| 13        | Haryana                  | 84.20            | 84.23            | 59.68                        | 59.48                        | 25.9                         | 26.4                         |
| 14        | Himachal Pradesh         | 108.44           | 105.53           | 94.58                        | 96.60                        | 29.6                         | 35.5                         |
| 15        | Jammu and Kashmir        | 67.65            | 65.88            | 61.01                        | 55.98                        | 23.5                         | 26.2                         |
| 16        | Jharkhand                | 70.70            | 76.93            | 47.75                        | 48.98                        | 16.2                         | 14.8                         |
| 17        | Karnataka                | 82.35            | 84.19            | 37.12                        | 42.87                        | 26.3                         | 25.9                         |
| 18        | Kerala                   | 102.31           | 102.58           | 72.88                        | 82.44                        | 26.6                         | 35.0                         |
| 19        | Lakshadweep              | 105.39           | 102.06           | 93.23                        | 102.35                       | 4.1                          | 10.2                         |
| 20        | Madhya Pradesh           | 81.54            | 79.30            | 47.04                        | 43.24                        | 21.1                         | 17.9                         |
| 21        | Maharashtra              | 91.97            | 87.62            | 68.74                        | 66.74                        | 31.9                         | 27.6                         |
| 22        | Manipur                  | 93.61            | 92.52            | 71.10                        | 64.81                        | 35.3                         | 33.1                         |
| 23        | Meghalaya                | 80.73            | 93.94            | 39.77                        | 47.03                        | 20.4                         | 21.1                         |
| 24        | Mizoram                  | 107.26           | 110.85           | 53.57                        | 57.86                        | 25.2                         | 23.0                         |
| 25        | Nagaland                 | 68.90            | 74.57            | 36.42                        | 36.44                        | 14.2                         | 15.6                         |
| 26        | Odisha                   | 79.40            | 79.83            | 36.99                        | 36.07                        | 21.5                         | 17.8                         |
| 27        | Puducherry               | 83.59            | 95.38            | 64.74                        | 86.95                        | 44.2                         | 42.1                         |
| 28        | Punjab                   | 87.12            | 86.97            | 69.03                        | 71.69                        | 25.8                         | 28.5                         |
| 29        | Rajasthan                | 81.15            | 70.12            | 66.09                        | 51.59                        | 21.8                         | 18.5                         |
| 30        | Sikkim                   | 113.52           | 126.14           | 60.72                        | 75.88                        | 36.7                         | 38.5                         |
| 31        | Tamil Nadu               | 91.86            | 96.18            | 74.14                        | 90.60                        | 46.3                         | 42.4                         |
| 32        | Telangana                | 80.73            | 84.44            | 57.99                        | 64.88                        | 39.3                         | 33.4                         |
| 33        | Tripura                  | 116.17           | 120.91           | 45.24                        | 41.53                        | 19.9                         | 14.0                         |
| 34        | Uttar Pradesh            | 67.65            | 67.86            | 62.21                        | 59.26                        | 24.2                         | 24.9                         |
| 35        | Uttrakhand               | 85.71            | 85.73            | 73.36                        | 78.54                        | 33.6                         | 32.9                         |
| 36        | West Bengal              | 74.92            | 92.65            |                              | 54.36                        | 19.1                         | 16.2                         |
| All India |                          | 79.16            | 80.97            | 48.98 55.95                  | 56.41                        | 25.4                         | 23.5                         |

## Source:-

1. School  Education:  Unified  District  Information  System  for  Education  (U-DISE)  -  2015-16,  National University of Educational Planning & Administration   (NUEPA)
2. Higher Education: All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) -2015-16, Ministry of Human Resource Development.