opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 3376 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Sub-Categorization of OBCs
Ministry: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
Asked by: CH. MALLA REDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3376 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.08.2018

## SUB-CATEGORIZATION OF OBCs

## 3376. SHRI CH. MALLA REDDY:

## Will the Minister of SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT be pleased to state:

- a) whether a proposal  for sub-categorization of' Other Backward Classes (OBCs) is pending with the Government since 2000 and if so, the details thereof;
2. (b) whether there is any plan to liberalize the current concept of the creamy and if so, the details thereof; layer
3. (c) whether it is a fact that after 1931, no OBC census took place in the country and if the reasons therefor; SO,
4. and if so, the details thereof;
5. whether the Government proposes to give constitutional status to NCBC and if the details thereof; SO,
6. whether there is any proposal for a separate Ministry for OBCs with a dedicated fund; and
- g) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI KRISHAN PAL GURJAR)

(a): The Government has constituted a Commission on October;, 2017 under article 340 of the Constitution to examine the issues of sub-categorization of Other Backward Classes. The fourmember Commission headed by Justice (Retd.) G. Rohini, Chief Justice (Retd.) , Delhi High Courtismandated to submit its report by 30.11.2018. 2nd

- (b): There is no such plan at present:
- (c): other than   the Scheduled Cases and the Scheduled Tribes has been discontinued as a matter of policy after Independence.

(d):The  overall budgetary allocation for the Ministry are sub-allocated  for Scheduled Castes development, Backward Classes development, Social Defence etc. For Financial  Year 20182019, the budgetary allocation of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is Rs.7750 crore of which Rs. 1747 crore is earmarked for schemes of Other Backward Classes.

(e): The Government introduced a Bill in the Lok Sabha on 05.04.2017 namely the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Third Amendment) Bill, 2017on 5.04.2017 for insertion of Article 338B for setting up of a commission for socially and educationally backward classes, to be known as the National Commission for Backward Classes, on the lines of National Commission for   Scheduled Castes (Article 338) and National Commission of Scheduled Tribes (Article 338A) and  passed on 10.04.2017. The said Bill was considered in the   Rajya Sabha on 31.07.2017and was passed with amendment. The Bill with alternate amendment was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 3.01.2018 and has been on 2.08.2018. passed

(f) & (g): There is no proposal   for a separate Ministry for OBCs as  there is a full-fledged Backward Classes Division with sufficient staff in the Ministry of Social Justice &Empowerment, to look after the welfare measures of OBCs, with a dedicated   budget allocation. Therefore, creation of a separate Ministry for the OBCs is not considered necessary.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3372 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Setting up of Heavy Industries
Ministry: HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
Asked by: R. GOPALAKRISHNAN

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES DEPARTMENT OF HEAVY INDUSTRY

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3372 TO BE ANSWERED ON. 07.08.2018

## Setting up of Heavy Industries

## 3372. SHRI R. GOPALAKRISHNAN:

Will the Minister of HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any plans to set up new heavy industries in various States of the country including Madurai and its surrounding regions in Tamil Nadu;
- (b) if so, the details thereof, State/sector-wise; and
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER  OF  STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF  HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (SHRI  BABUL SUPRIYO)

- (a):  Department of Heavy Industry does not have any plan to setup new heavy industries in any state including Tamil Nadu.
- (b) & (c):    Does not arise.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3370 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Setting up of International Level Agricultural University
Ministry: AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
Asked by: VINOD CHAVDA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3370 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07/08/2018

## SETTING UP OF INTERNATIONAL LEVEL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

## 3370. SHRI VINOD LAKHAMASHI CHAVDA:

Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE d`f"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government  has  any proposal to start international level agricultural university in the country; and
- (b) if so, the details thereof?

## A N S W E R

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE d`f'k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=ky; esa jkT; ea=h

(SHRI GAJENDRA SINGH SHEKHAWAT)

- (a) No,  Madam.    However,  the  Government  is  encouraging  the  4  Deemed Universities,  namely  Indian  Agricultural  Research  Institute,  New  Delhi;  Indian Veterinary  Research  Institute,  Bareilly;  Central  Institute  of  Fisheries  Education, Mumbai  and  National  Dairy  Research  Institute,  Karnal  under  Indian  Council  of Agricultural  Research  as  well  the  three  Central  Agricultural  Universities,  namely, Central  Agricultural  University,  Imphal;  Rani  Lakshmi  Bai  Central  Agricultural University, Jhansi and Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar to become internationally recognised Institutes of excellence in Agricultural Research & Education.

- (b) Question does not arise.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3367 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: National Institutes in Andhra Pradesh
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: RENUKA BUTTA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3367

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 7 TH  AUGUST, 2018/ SHRAVANA 16, 1940 (SAKA)

NATIONAL INSTITUTES IN ANDHRA PRADESH

3367. SHRIMATI BUTTA RENUKA:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Finance  Minister  had  laid  the  foundation  stone  for  the National Academy of Customs, Excise and Narcotics in Andhra Pradesh's Anantpur district but financial approval for the building is yet to be given;
- (b)  if  so,  the  reasons  for  the  delay  in  grant  of  financial  approval  for  the construction of the Academy;
- (c)  the  time  by  which  financial  approval  is  likely  to  be  given  and  work started on the ground along with the projected date for commissioning of the said Academy;
- (d) the status of establishment of Institutes of National Importance under the 13th Schedule of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act;
- (e)  the  reasons  for  the  delay  in  approval  even  though  the  State  has allocated the land; and
- (f) the time by which the project is likely to be started and completed?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI HANSRAJ GANGARAM AHIR)

(a) to (c): Yes, Madam.  An amount of Rs. 13.94 Lakh has been sanctioned for soil exploration and investigation.  The estimates submitted by CPWD for construction of boundary wall  are  under  examination,  whereafter  the

administrative  &  financial  approval  will  be  accorded  for  construction  in phases.  First  phase  consisting  of  construction  of  Administration  Block, Lecture Halls, Hostel facilities, Residential Accommodation for faculty and sports amenities is planned to be completed in 24 months i.e., by August, 2020. CPWD has been requested to put the entire project on fast track.

(d) to (f): Section 93 of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act (APR Act), 2014  provides  that  the  Central  Government  shall  take  all  necessary measures as enumerated in the Thirteenth Schedule for the progress and sustainable  development  of  the  successor  States  within  a  period  of  ten years  from  the  appointed  day.  Institutions  and  Projects  included  in Schedule  XIII  are  at  various  stages  of  implementation.    Some  of  these projects  have  long  gestation  period.  Most  of  the  educational  institutions listed in Schedule XIII have started functioning from temporary campus.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3366 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Funds for Welfare of SCs
Ministry: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
Asked by: RAJ KUMAR SAINI

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT LOK SABHA

UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. +3366 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.08.2018

## FUNDS FOR WELFARE OF SCs

+3366. SHRI RAJKUMAR SAINI:

Will the Minister of SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT be pleased to state the corrective measures taken/being taken by the Government for proper utilisation of the funds allocated/ released for the welfare of Scheduled Castes (SCs) in the country?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (SHRI RAMDAS ATHAWALE)

The Department has developed an online-web portal (e-utthaan:gov.in) for the financial, physical and outcome indicators in which all the Central Sector/Centrally Sponsored schemes under the Allocation for Welfare of Scheduled Castes (AWSC) are monitored:

All the concerned Ministries/Departments have nominated the Nodal Officer for the financial, physical and outcome based monitoring of AWSC.

Nodal Officers of the concerned Department/Ministry have been provided user-ID for uploading the information on physical progress and outcome indicators directly in the portal.

The financial progress made by the Department/Ministry is monitored through Public Financial Management System (PFMS)

Regular Meetings are held with the Nodal Officers of the Departments to review the progress Regular   meeting/conferences are also held with the   representative of the State   Govts IUTs Administration for effective implementation of proper utilization of the schemes of the Ministry

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3363 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Islands Development Agency (IDA)
Ministry: HOME AFFAIRS
Asked by: VINOD KUMAR BOIANAPALLI, ANTO  ANTONY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3363

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 7 TH  AUGUST, 2018/ SHRAVANA 16, 1940 (SAKA)

ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (IDA)

3363.

SHRI B. VINOD KUMAR: SHRI ANTO ANTONY:

Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  constituted  the  Islands  Development Agency (IDA) for holistic development of 26 islands including key infrastructure  projects,  digital  connectivity,  green  energy,  desalination plants,  waste  management,  promotion  of  fisheries  and  tourism-based projects;
- (b) if so, the objectives and salient features of IDA;
- (c) whether the Government has any details regarding the islands selected for the implementation of various projects under the IDA and the amount earmarked in this regard and if so, the details thereof;
- (d) whether the Government is planning to dispense with the requirement of Restricted Area Permit for foreigners visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI HANSRAJ GANGARAM AHIR)

(a) & (b): Yes  Madam.  The Government  has constituted an

- Islands

Development Agency (IDA) to oversee the comprehensive development of Islands.

The functions of the IDA are as follows:-

- (i) Guide the policies and programmes for comprehensive Development of Islands;

(ii)  Guide  the  formulation  of  Integrated  Master  Plans  for  comprehensive development of Islands;

(iii)  Review  the  policies,  programmes, plans and their implementation for comprehensive development of Islands;

(iv) Review any other matter concerning the Islands.

(c): Key  areas  for  development  have  been  identified  and  final  Site Potential  Development  Report  have  been  prepared  for  four  Islands  in Andaman & Nicobar namely Smith, Ross, Long and Aves Islands and five islands in Lakshadweep namely Minicoy, Bangaram, Thinnakara, Cheriyam and Suheli Islands at this stage.

(d) & (e): In the interest of promoting tourism and overall development of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, it has been decided to exclude 29 inhabited islands  in  the  Union  Territory  of  Andaman  &  Nicobar  Islands  from  the Restricted Area Permit (RAP) regime upto 31 st  December, 2022 with certain conditions.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 3358 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Rise in Prices of Food Products
Ministry: CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
Asked by: RAM KUMAR SHARMA KUSHWAHA

## Government of India

## Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Department of Consumer Affairs

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3358

TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.08.2018

## RISE IN PRICES OF FOOD PRODUCTS

3358.   SHRI RAM KUMAR SHARMA: (OIH)

## Will the Minister of CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION miHkksDrk ekeys] [kk| vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k ea=h be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the consumer selling price of the food products is sure to go up with the recent decision  of  the  Government  to  increase  the  minimum  support  price  for  14  foodgrains products of kharif crops in the country;
- (b) if so, the reaction of the Government thereto;
- (c) whether the Government has taken any steps to provide relief to the common people from price rise; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## miHkksDrk ekeys] [kk| vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k jkT; ea=h ¼Jh lh- vkj- pkS/kjh½

## THE MINISTER OF STATE CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (SHRI C. R. CHAUDHARY)

(a) to (d) : The prices of  food products are influenced by various factors which inter alia include demand supply mismatch owing to shortfall in production because of adverse weather condition and  seasonality,  increased  transportation  costs,  supply  chain  constraints  like  lack  of  storage facilities  and  artificial  shortage  created  by  hoarding  and  black  marketing  as  well  as      minimum support prices of the food products.

Government has taken various measures from time to time to stabilize prices of essential food items which, inter-alia, include appropriately utilizing trade and fiscal policy instruments like import  and  export  duty,  Minimum  Export  Price,  export  restrictions,  etc.  to  regulate  domestic availability and moderate prices; imposition of stock limits and advising States for effective action against  hoarders  &  black  marketers;  and,  provision  of  higher  Minimum  Support  Prices  to incentivize farmers for increasing production. Government is also implementing Schemes which, inter  alia ,  include  Mission  for  Integrated  Development  of  Horticulture  (MIDH),  National  Food Security  Mission  (NFSM),  National  Mission  on  Oilseeds  and  Oil  Palm  (NMOOP),  etc.  for increasing  agricultural  production  and  productivity  through  appropriate  interventions.  Besides, Government is also implementing Price Stabilization Fund (PSF) to help moderate the volatility in prices of agri-horticultural commodities like pulses, onion and potato.

*****

## ORIGINAL IN HINDI
Lok Sabha Question No. 3354 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Cleaning of Sewage Drains
Ministry: HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Asked by: PINAKI MISRA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBAN AFFAIRS

LOK   SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.  3354

TO BE ANSWERED ON AUGUST 07, 2018

## CLEANING OF SEWAGE DRAINS

No. 3354.  SHRI PINAKI MISRA:

Will the Minister of HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Government  has  taken  note  of  the  rising  number  of deaths  of  Safai  Karamcharis  who  are  deployed  to  clean  the  sewage drains due to lack of proper safety mask and gears for their use;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c)  whether  the  Government  proposes  to  prohibit  the  deployment  of Safai Karamcharis into the sewage drains without proper masks, body gears and equipments and if so, the details thereof; and
- (d) whether the Government is considering to award stringent punishment including life imprisonment to such employers  who deployed  Safai  Karamcharis  for  cleaning  of  drains  without  providing
- them with safety masks and gears?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE

MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS

(SHRI HARDEEP SINGH PURI)

- (a) & (b): Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has reported that
- there is no report of rising number of deaths of Safai Karamcharis who are deployed to clean the sewage drains.
- (c):  Under  Section  7  of  the  'Prohibition  of  Employment  as  Manual Scavengers  and  their  Rehabilitation  Act,  2013'  (MS  Act,  2013)  no person, local authority or any agency shall, from such date as the State …2/-

Government notifies, which shall not be later than one year from the date of commencement of the above Act, engage or employ, either directly or indirectly, any person for hazardous cleaning of a sewer or a septic tank.

(d):  Under  Section  9  of  the  MS  Act,  2013  whoever  contravenes  the provisions of section 7 shall for the first contravention be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or with fine  which  may  extend  to  two  lakh  rupees  or  with  both,  and  for  any subsequent contravention with imprisonment which may extend to five years or with fine which may extend to five lakh rupees or with both.

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 3353 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Promotion of Electric Vehicles
Ministry: HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
Asked by: DUSHYANT SINGH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES DEPARTMENT OF HEAVY INDUSTRY

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3353 TO BE ANSWERED ON. 07.08.2018

## Promotion of Electric Vehicles

## 3353. SHRI DUSHYANT SINGH:

Will the Minister of HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any plans to bring any legislation for use of Electric Vehicles in Delhi apart from the petrol/diesel vehicles, to control the alarming state of pollution;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government has any plans to promote the manufacturing of electric vehicles in India along Make in India project along with incentives, to serve as a long-term solution to the vehicular pollution in the country; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF  HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (SHRI  BABUL SUPRIYO)

(a):    No,  Madam. There is no plan to bring legislation for use of Electric Vehicles in Delhi apart from  petrol/diesel,  under  consideration  of  the  Department  of  Heavy  Industry,  Ministry  of  Heavy Industries & Pubic Enterprises.

- (b):  Does not arise in view of reply to part (a) above.

(c) & (d): In  order  to  promote  electric  &  hybrid  vehicles  in  the  country,  the  Government notified FAME India Scheme [Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India] in March, 2015. The Phase-1 of the scheme was approved with an outlay of Rs. 795 crore, initially  for  a  period  of  2  years  commencing  from  1 st April  2015,  which  has  been  extended subsequently till 30 th September 2018.  This scheme is intended to support hybrid & electric vehicles (xEVs)  market  development  and  its  manufacturing  eco-system  to  achieve  self-sustenance.  The scheme  is  being  implemented  through  four  focus  areas  namely  Demand  Creation,  Pilot  Projects, Technology Platform/R&D and Charging Infrastructure.

Under Demand Creation component of the scheme, the incentive is available to buyer of xEV in the form  of  an  upfront  reduced  purchase  price  to  enable  wider  adoption.  The  details  of  demand incentives  extended  through  this  scheme  are  given  at  Annexure  13  of  the  Scheme's  notification, which is available in the website of Department of Heavy Industry [http://www.dhi.nic.in/].

As  per  the  Gazette  Notification  of  FAME  India  Scheme,  the  qualifying  criteria  to  avail  demand incentives,  inter-alia,  mentions  about  the  electric/hybrid  vehicles  (xEVs)  to  be  manufactured  in India.

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Lok Sabha Question No. 3352 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-08-07
Subject: Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles
Ministry: HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
Asked by: KOTHA PRABHAKAR REDDY, JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES DEPARTMENT OF HEAVY INDUSTRY

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3352 TO BE ANSWERED ON. 07.08.2018

## Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles

## 3352.   SHRI PRABHAKAR REDDY KOTHA: SHRI JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL:

Will the Minister of HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has any plan to manufacture or encourage the manufacturing of electric vehicles in the country;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;
- (c) whether such vehicles are manufactured indigenously or with the help of some other country and if so, the details thereof;
- (d) whether the Government has received any proposals from the manufacturers to set up electric vehicle plants; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof and the action taken thereon?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER  OF  STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF  HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (SHRI  BABUL SUPRIYO)

(a) to  (e):  To  provide  impetus  to  electric  mobility  in  the  Country,  the  Government  has  launched FAME India Scheme [Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) ElectricVehicles in India] initially for a period of 2 years, commencing from 1 st April 2015, which has been extended further upto  30 th September  2018.  This  scheme  is  intended  to  support  hybrid  &  electric  vehicles  (xEVs) market development and its manufacturing eco-system to  achieve self-sustenance. The scheme is being implemented through four focus areas namely Demand Creation, Pilot Projects, Technology Platform/R&D and Charging Infrastructure.

Under Demand Creation component of the scheme, the incentive is available to buyer of xEV in the form  of  an  upfront  reduced  purchase  price  to  enable  wider  adoption.  The  details  of  demand incentives  extended  through  this  scheme  are  given  at  Annexure  13  of  the  Scheme's  notification, which is available in the website of Department of Heavy Industry [http://www.dhi.nic.in/].

Also, specific projects received under  different focus areas i.e. Pilot  Projects,  Technology Platform/R&D & Charging Infrastructures are funded under the scheme by the Government.

The Gazette Notification of FAME India Scheme clearly mentions that

'To meet the qualifying criteria for the demand incentives, the hybrid/electric vehicle (xEVs) including its variants and versions shall, inter-alia,

- (a) be manufactured in the country.
- (b) meet provisions contained in Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR) in terms of its classification, categorization, definition, roadworthiness, type approval, registration etc.'

The  Department  of  Heavy  Industry,  Ministry  of  Heavy  Industries  &  Public  Enterprises  has  not received any proposals from manufacturers to set up electric vehicle plants.

*********