Lok Sabha Question No. 3687 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-12-08
Subject: ODF States
Ministry: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION
Asked by: HUKUM SINGH

## Government of India

## Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3687 TO BE ANSWERED ON 8-12-2016

## ODF States

## 3687. SHRI HUKUM SINGH:

## Will the Minister of DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION be pleased to state :

- (a) whether Sikkim has been ranked asthe cleanest State of rural India and if so,the details thereof, State-wise;
- (b) the details of the findings by theNational Sample Survey Organisation inthis regard;
- (c)  whether  there  is  improvement  intoilet  coverage  since  the  launch  of  theSwachh  Bharat Mission (SBM) and thepercentage of the villages free of opendefecation; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof and if not,the reasons therefor, along with fundssanctioned/released for the purpose underSBM State-wise?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION

## (SHRI RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI)

- (a) Yes, Madam. Sikkim was ranked the cleanest State as per the SwachhSurvekshan-Gramin Report (2016), based on the survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization in 2015. The State-wise ranking is at Annexure 1.
- (b) The main findings of the survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization in 2015 are as follows:
- 47.9% people were found to have access to a household/community toilet and using the same
- 45.30% Households were found to have sanitary toilets
- Out of households having sanitary toilets, 95.6 % persons were found using them
- Out of the households having toilets, 93.9 % households had access to water for use in toilet
- 55.4% households contributed to Open Defecation
- (c)  Sanitation  Coverage,  which  was 42.01 % on  the  launch  of  SBM(G) on 2.10.2014 ,  has increased to 57.72% on 5.12.2016. Out of 608241 Villages, 125400 (20.62%) Villages have declared themselves as Open Defecation Free (ODF) as on 5-12-2016.
- (d) The programme focuses on behaviour change and engagement of communities.It involves change  of  mindset  amongst  people  to  stop  open  defecation  and  to  adopt  safe  sanitation practices. Since this requires engagement of community and skill in facilitation, the process takes some time. The challenges pertain to capacity building of the implementing machinery,

continuing  focus  on  community  involvement  and  collective  (i.e.  village  as  a  whole) behaviour change, promoting flexibility, so that States take a lead and choose approach best suited to them, targeting district leadership, so that Collectors  lead  the  programme proactively,  promoting  technological  innovations,  making  the  campaign  a  Janandolan, streamlining financial and programme management, converging other development schemes with  sanitation  to  promote  sustainability  and  having  a  robust  monitoring  and  evaluation system to measure both outputs and outcomes.

In order to address the above challenges, a number of measures have been taken/being taken. These include:

- Focus  on  behavior  change:  Community  based  collective  behavior  change  has  been mentioned  as  the  preferred  approach,  although  the  States  are  free  to  choose  the approach best suited to them. Focus is also on creation of complete open defecation free (ODF) villages, rather than only on construction of individual toilets. This entails triggering the entire village into  changing their behavior rather than dealing individually with beneficiaries.
- The  programme  provides  flexibility  to  the  States  in  the  implementation.  This  is essential, given the vast socio-economic-cultural diversity of India, and also from the point of view of promoting innovations.
- There is a greater emphasis on capacity building, especially in community approaches and  programme  management.  Lack  of  adequate  capacities  is  a  major  challenge  in scaling up the programme. Therefore, various initiatives are being taken to reach out to  all  the  stakeholders.  From  the  Government  of  India  side,  the  States  and  select organizations  (called  Key  Resource  Centres)  are  being  trained.  These  in  turn  are, carrying  out  trainings  at  the  sub-State  level.  The  key  official  at  the  district  levelCollector-has been roped in the programme to provide leadership at the district level. They are being exposed to best practices, both through workshops and exposure visits. More  than  450  Collectors  from  across  the  country  have  been  trained.  In  order  to provide  exposure  to  officers  at  their  entry  level  itself,  a  training  module  has  been developed  for  LBSNAA,  Mussoorie.  The  IAS  and  other  Group  A  probationers  are being  given  training  for  better  implementation  of  SBM(G),  including  'triggering' behavior change in communities.
- The programme is being run as a janandolan with cooperation of all sections of the society including the NGOs, Corporates, youth etc. The Panchayats are being actively involved.
- There is an emphasis on streamlining administrative and financial procedures, both to cut down on time, as well as to increase accountability.
- Innovations in technology is being promoted at the National and State levels. There is a National Committee under Prof. R.M. Mashelkar that examines all new technologies from the point of view of safety and feasibility.
- Sanitation is being prioritized amongst  the overall development  agenda. The Government  has  taken  a  decision  to  prioritise  all  Centrally  Sponsored  Schemes  in ODF  villages.    Various  other  development  schemes  are  being  converged  with  the sanitation outcomes.
- Monitoring  and  Evaluation  has  also  been  strengthened.  The  IMIS  has  data  up  to household  level,  with  provision  to  capture  geo-tagged  photographs  of  toilets.  A Swachhta  App  has  been  developed  that  provides  online  information  on  sanitation status  up  to  household  level.  The  citizens  can  also  do  ranking  of  swachhta  on  the Swachh App.

State/UT-wise,  Central  share  released  under  SBM(G)  from 2.10.2014 to 5.12.2016 as  per Online Integrated Management Information System of SBM(G) is at Annexure-2.

Annexure-1. Statement referred in part (a) of the reply to LokSabha Un-starred Question No.3687 due for reply on 8-12-2016

|   Rank | State            |
|--------|------------------|
|      1 | SIKKIM           |
|      2 | KERALA           |
|      3 | MIZORAM          |
|      4 | HIMACHAL PRADESH |
|      5 | NAGALAND         |
|      6 | HARYANA          |
|      7 | PUNJAB           |
|      8 | UTTARAKHAND      |
|      9 | MANIPUR          |
|     10 | MEGHALAYA        |
|     11 | ASSAM            |
|     12 | WEST BENGAL      |
|     13 | TELANGANA        |
|     14 | GUJARAT          |
|     15 | MAHARASHTRA      |
|     16 | ANDHRA PRADESH   |
|     17 | JAMMU &KASHMIR   |
|     18 | KARNATAKA        |
|     19 | TAMIL NADU       |
|     20 | RAJASTHAN        |
|     21 | BIHAR            |
|     22 | UTTAR PRADESH    |
|     23 | MADHYAPRADESH    |
|     24 | ODISHA           |
|     25 | CHHATTISGARH     |
|     26 | JHARKHAND        |

## Annexure-2.

## Statement referred in part (d) of the reply to LokSabha Un-starred Question No.3687 due for reply on 8-12-2016

## State/UT-wise, Central share released under SBM(G) from 2.10.2014 to 5.12.2016

Rs. in crore

| S.N.   | State/UT Name     |   Central shared released from 2.10.2014 to 5.12.2016 |
|--------|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| 1      | A&NILANDS         |                                                  3.9  |
| 2      | ANDHRA PRADESH    |                                                427.19 |
| 3      | ARUNACHAL PRADESH |                                                 67.08 |
| 4      | ASSAM             |                                                520.93 |
| 5      | BIHAR             |                                                314.01 |
| 6      | CHHATTISGARH      |                                                601.7  |
| 7      | D&NHAVELI         |                                                  0    |
| 8      | GOA               |                                                  1.05 |
| 9      | GUJARAT           |                                               1160.82 |
| 10     | HARYANA           |                                                104.25 |
| 11     | HIMACHAL PRADESH  |                                                199.44 |
| 12     | JAMMU &KASHMIR    |                                                 86.86 |
| 13     | JHARKHAND         |                                                365.53 |
| 14     | KARNATAKA         |                                                745.19 |
| 15     | KERALA            |                                                140.73 |
| 16     | MADHYA PRADESH    |                                                790.85 |
| 17     | MAHARASHTRA       |                                                983.22 |
| 18     | MANIPUR           |                                                 80.65 |
| 19     | MEGHALAYA         |                                                 76.87 |
| 20     | MIZORAM           |                                                 12.93 |
| 21     | NAGALAND          |                                                 42.89 |
| 22     | ODISHA            |                                               1364.5  |
| 23     | PUDUCHERRY        |                                                  2    |
| 24     | PUNJAB            |                                                171.67 |
| 25     | RAJASTHAN         |                                               1779.85 |
| 26     | SIKKIM            |                                                 14.82 |
| 27     | TAMILNADU         |                                                686.82 |
| 28     | TELANGANA         |                                                226.91 |
| 29     | TRIPURA           |                                                 66.04 |
| 30     | UTTAR PRADESH     |                                               1234.94 |
| 31     | UTTARAKHAND       |                                                152.37 |
| 32     | WEST BENGAL       |                                               1479.52 |
|        |                   |                                              13905.5  |