Lok Sabha Question No. 3214 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2016-12-05
Subject: Per Capita Income of Tribals
Ministry: TRIBAL AFFAIRS
Asked by: CHANDU LAL SAHU

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3214

TO BE ANSWERED ON 5.12.2016

## PER CAPITA INCOME OF TRIBALS

## † 3214. SHRI.CHANDU LAL SAHU:

Will the Minister of TRIBAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has conducted any study to as certain  the per capita income of tribal people in the various States of the country;
- (b) if so, the details and the funding thereof States/UT-wise;
- (c) whether per capita income of tribal people is lower than the income of general class and persons belonging to other categories;
- (d) if so, the details thereof and the reaction of the Government thereto: and
- (e) the corrective steps taken/being taken by the Government in this regard and the extent of success achieved therefrom?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS (SHRI JASWANTSINH BHABHOR)

(a)    to  (c):  No,  Madam.  The  National  Sample  Survey  Office  (NSSO),  Ministry  of Statistics  and  Programme  Implementation  collects  data  on  the  household  consumer expenditure  but  not  on  income  in  their  household  surveys.  The  erstwhile  Planning Commission had estimated poverty ratios for the years for which household consumer expenditure surveys have been conducted by NSSO.  The percentage of persons below poverty  line  among  Scheduled  Tribes,  Scheduled  Castes,  Other  Backward  Castes, Others  and  All  Population,  State-wise  and  at  all  India  level  for  the  year  2011-12 estimated by the erstwhile Planning Commission as per Tendulkar Methodology is at Annexure.  As  per  these  estimates,  the  percentage  of  ST  persons  below  poverty  line during 2011-12 in both, rural and urban areas, at all India level is higher as compared to other social groups.

(d)  &  (e):  Ministry  has  taken  various  initiatives  to  ameliorate  the  situation  of unemployment  among  ST  population  across  the  country.  Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs under its Special Area Programme of Special Central Assistance (SCA) to Tribal Sub-

Plan (TSP) and other Central Sector / Centrally Sponsored schemes provides funds as an additive to the State Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) for economic development of tribals in the States covering skill development and employment-cum-income  generation activities.  During  2014-15  and  2015-16  the  Ministry  has  impressed  upon  the  State Governments  for  promotion  of  need  based  integrated  livelihood  initiatives  such  as Dairy development with State cooperative, horticulture, floriculture, vegetable production, apiculture, sericulture, fisheries, backyard poultries etc. in order to create enabling environment for tribals to earn their livelihood and increase direct / indirect employment opportunities. Further, thrust has been put forth for -

I. Integration  of  mainstream  education  with  vocational  training,  with  a  view  to primarily  target  dropout,  providing  them  employability  and  income-generating opportunities.

II. Building skill for the job market outside and rural non-farm sector, Ministry has been supporting skill development activities for both male and female tribal youth in a  wide  gamut  of  trades  such  as  (i)  Office  Management  (ii)  Solar  Technician  / Electrician  (iii)  Beautician  (iv)  Handicraft  (v)  Skills  required  for  day  to  day construction works (such as Plumbing, Mason, Electrician, Fitter, Welder, Carpenter (vi)  Refrigeration  and  A/C  repairing  (vii)  Mobile  repairing  (viii)  Nutrition  (x) Ayurvedic  &  tribal  medicines  (xi)  IT  (xii)  Data  Entry  (xiii)  Fabrication  (xiv) Paramedics  and  Home  Nurse  Training  (xv)  Automobile  Driving  and  Mechanics (xvi)    Electric  &  Motor  Winding  (xvii)  Security  Guard  (xviii)  Housekeeping  & Management  (xix)  Retail  Management  (xx)  Hospitality  (xxi)  Eco-tourism  (xxii) Adventure Tourism.

In  addition, National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, promotes entrepreneurial development amongst Scheduled Tribes. This Corporation provides concessional financial assistance to  individuals  or  groups  of  STs  for  undertaking  self-employment  income  generation activities through its channelizing agencies.

As per the estimates of poverty ratio of the erstwhile Planning Commission, the percentage of STs living below the poverty line has come down from 62.3% in rural areas during 2004-05 to 45.3% during 2011-12.  In the urban areas, the percentage of STs living below the poverty line has come down from 35.5% during 2004-05 to 24.1% during 2011-12.

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## Annexure  referred  to  in  parts  (a)  to  (c)  of  Lok  Sabha  Un-starred  Parliament Question No.3214 for answer on 5.12.2016.

## State -wise Percentage of persons below poverty line, 2011-12 (Tendulkar Methodology)

(%age)

| S.        | States           | RURAL   | RURAL   | RURAL   | RURAL   | RURAL   | URBAN   | URBAN   | URBAN   | URBAN   | URBAN   |
|-----------|------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| No.       |                  | ST      | SC      | OBC     | Others  | Total   | ST      | SC      | OBC     | Others  | Total   |
| 1         | Andhra Pradesh   | 24.1    | 13.1    | 9.3     | 6.8     | 11.0    | 12.1    | 10.9    | 5.5     | 4.3     | 5.8     |
| 2         | Assam            | 33.4    | 28.2    | 34.4    | 34.9    | 33.9    | 15.6    | 30.5    | 11.0    | 21.2    | 20.6    |
| 3         | Bihar            | 59.3    | 51.7    | 31.3    | 23.3    | 34.1    | 10.3    | 43.0    | 32.9    | 17.8    | 31.2    |
| 4         | Chhattisgarh     | 52.6    | 48.2    | 38.7    | 7.7     | 44.6    | 35.2    | 39.5    | 24.9    | 10.6    | 24.8    |
| 5         | Gujarat          | 36.5    | 22.3    | 18.9    | 6.1     | 21.5    | 30.1    | 12.7    | 15.3    | 5.1     | 10.1    |
| 6         | Haryana          | 3.3     | 23.6    | 13.4    | 3.3     | 11.6    | 14.2    | 25.9    | 12.9    | 4.9     | 10.3    |
| 7         | Himachal Pradesh | 9.5     | 16.5    | 2.3     | 7.0     | 8.5     | 4.0     | 9.9     | 9.9     | 1.7     | 4.3     |
| 8         | Jammu &Kashmir   | 16.3    | 18.8    | 7.5     | 10.2    | 11.5    | 3.0     | 18.0    | 4.1     | 6.1     | 7.2     |
| 9         | Jharkhand        | 51.6    | 40.4    | 36.4    | 31.3    | 40.8    | 28.7    | 40.6    | 28.2    | 12.5    | 24.8    |
| 10        | Karnataka        | 30.8    | 37.1    | 20.7    | 21.6    | 24.5    | 33.7    | 25.0    | 15.0    | 8.8     | 15.3    |
| 11        | Kerala           | 41.0    | 17.8    | 7.6     | 7.0     | 9.1     | 13.6    | 6.0     | 5.7     | 2.7     | 5.0     |
| 12        | Madhya Pradesh   | 55.3    | 41.3    | 24.7    | 19.6    | 35.7    | 32.3    | 33.2    | 21.0    | 13.1    | 21.0    |
| 13        | Maharashtra      | 61.6    | 23.8    | 18.2    | 16.5    | 24.2    | 23.3    | 15.8    | 8.7     | 6.0     | 9.1     |
| 14        | Orissa           | 63.5    | 41.4    | 24.2    | 14.2    | 35.7    | 39.7    | 26.3    | 22.1    | 6.7     | 17.3    |
| 15        | Punjab           | 0.0     | 14.7    | 3.6     | 1.1     | 7.7     | 7.2     | 18.3    | 14.0    | 3.8     | 9.2     |
| 16        | Rajasthan        | 41.4    | 18.6    | 8.5     | 3.8     | 16.1    | 21.7    | 19.2    | 12.0    | 3.6     | 10.7    |
| 17        | Tamil Nadu       | 36.8    | 23.3    | 12.9    | 1.0     | 15.8    | 2.8     | 9.3     | 6.3     | 1.8     | 6.5     |
| 18        | Uttar Pradesh    | 27.0    | 41.1    | 30.7    | 12.5    | 30.4    | 16.3    | 39.1    | 32.1    | 12.8    | 26.1    |
| 19        | Uttarakhand      | 11.9    | 15.6    | 14.4    | 9.0     | 11.6    | 25.7    | 9.3     | 19.1    | 6.4     | 10.5    |
| 20        | West Bengal      | 50.1    | 22.6    | 19.0    | 20.0    | 22.5    | 44.5    | 15.7    | 15.7    | 13.3    | 14.7    |
| All India | All India        | 45.3    | 31.5    | 22.6    | 15.5    | 25.7    | 24.1    | 21.7    | 15.4    | 8.1     | 13.7    |

## Legend: SC=Scheduled Castes; ST=Scheduled Tribes; OBC=Other Backward Castes

NB: 1. The poverty ratios among the social groups are estimated from the percentage distribution of persons of the respective social groups as obtained from the large sample survey consumer expenditure data of the National Sample Survey (NSS) and the poverty line for all population.

2.   The poverty ratios are based on MRP (Mixed Recall Period) consumption distribution.
3.   All India poverty ratio for the social groups is worked out from the respective NSS distribution of persons and (implicit) all-India poverty line for all population.
4.      The  poverty  ratio  among  Scheduled Tribes population at State level may be treated with caution due to small  sample  size  of  household  based  on  which  the  class  distribution  of  persons  have  been  obtained.  These States are in urban areas, number of sample households is 18 in Bihar, 18 in Himachal Pradesh and 9 in Kerala.

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