opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 818 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Reservation to Women in Lok Sabha
Ministry: LAW AND JUSTICE
Asked by: ASHWINI KUMAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 818

## TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, 07 TH  FEBRUARY, 2018 RESERVATION TO WOMEN IN LOK SABHA

818. SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR:

Will the Minister of LAW AND JUSTICE be pleased to state:

the  status  of  the  proposal  to  provide  thirty  three  percent  reservation  to  the  women  in Parliament (Lok Sabha) and State assemblies?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LAW AND JUSTICE AND CORPORATE AFFAIRS (SHRI P.P.CHAUDHARY)

It has been endeavour of the Government to provide for reservation of one-third seats for women in the House of the People and the State Legislative Assemblies. The issue involved needs careful consideration  on  the  basis  of  the  consensus  amongst    all  political  parties  before  a  Bill  for amendment in the Constitution is brought before Parliament.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 817 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: CMS Committee on Digital Payments
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: RAMDAS CHANDRABHANJI TADAS, GOWDAR MALLIKARJUNAPPA SIDDESHWARA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.  817

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 07.02.2018

## CMS COMMITTEE ON DIGITAL PAYMENTS

## 817. SHRI RAMDAS C: TADAS: SHRI G.M SIDDHESWARA

Will the Minister of ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:

- (a) the names of Chief Ministers who are members of the committee of Chief Ministers to chart a roadmap for rollout of Digital Payments.
- (b) the recommendations/decision of the committee for the multiple digital payment options;
- (c) the time by which these recommendations are likely to be implemented;
- (d) whether the Government has fixed any time limit or target for promoting digital transactions; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF  ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI RAVI SHANKAR PRASAD)

- (a):  The names of Chief Ministers who are members of the committee of Chief Ministers.
- (b):      The copy of the recommendations is enclosed herewith.
- (c):    While action has already been taken on some of the recommendations such as rationalization of  MDR, Development of FastTag for toll collection, rolling out of an interoperable Bharat QR Code etc, in respect of other recommendations of the committee, they are under various stages of implementation with different Ministries and Departments.
- (d) and (e):   Yes, Sir, for promotion of digital payments,   a  dedicated  DIGIDHAN  Mission  has been  setup  by  MeitY  for  promotion  of  Digital  Payments  across  the  country.  MeitY  has  been working  on  various  strategies  and  is  coordinating  with  multiple  stakeholders  including  Banks, Central  Ministries/Departments  and  States  to  create  a  conducive  environment  to  enable  digital payments  across  the  country.  MeitY  has  been  assigned  a  target  of  2500  Crore  digital  payment transactions during 2017-18.
- *******

| (i)   | Shri Chandrababu Naidu, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh;    | Convener   |
|-------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|
| (ii)  | Shri Naveen Patnaik, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Odisha                | Member     |
| (iii) | Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh | Member     |
| (iv)  | Shri Pawan Kumar Chamling, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Sikkim          | Member     |
| (v)   | Shri V. Narayanasamy, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Puducherry           | Member     |
| (vi)  | Shri Devendra Fadnavis, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra        | Member     |
Lok Sabha Question No. 815 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Competition in IT Sector
Ministry: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Asked by: KANWAR SINGH TANWAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

## LOK SABHA

## STARRED QUESTION 815

TO BE ANSWERED ON: 07.02.2018

## COMPETITION IN SECTOR

## 815. SHRI KANWAR SINGH TANWAR:

Will the Minister of Electronics and Information Technology be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is aware of the competition from other countries in IT sector and if so, the details thereof;
- (b) whether  the  Government  plans  to  increase  domestic  manufacturing  of  electronic components and if so, the details thereof; and
- (c) whether  the  Government  also  plans  to  increase  the  availability  of  computer/IT programming in regional languages across the country and if so, the details thereof and the steps taken so far in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF  ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI RAVI SHANKAR PRASAD)

- (a): Yes, Sir.  Many countries are building capabilities and offering incentives to compete in the global market to attract IT investments and operations. These include South Africa and a few countries in East Asia and Eastern Europe.
- (b): Yes, Sir.  The Government has taken concrete steps including introduction of Phased Manufacturing  Programme  (PMP),  implementation  of  Modified  Special  Incentive  Package scheme (M-SIPS) and the Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC) scheme to incentivize electronic manufacturing in the country.  Research and Development (R&D) initiatives have been launched for 'Chips to Systems', design 'India Microprocessor', and development of Nano-Electronics and Micro-Electronics.
- (c) Yes, Sir.  Under the Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL) and Free & Open Source Software (FOSS) development initiatives of the Government, fonts, drivers, tools, utilities, and standards have been developed and popular software such as Open Office, Libre Office, web browser Firefox, and email client Thunderbird have been localized in all 22 Indian languages including their alternative scripts.  These are made available free to public to enable use of computers in local language as well as to develop applications and content.

******
Lok Sabha Question No. 814 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Simultaneous Elections
Ministry: LAW AND JUSTICE
Asked by: RAJENDRA AGRAWAL

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 814

## TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, 07 TH  FEBRUARY, 2018

## SIMULTANEOUS ELECTIONS

## 814. SHRI RAJENDRA AGRAWAL:

Will the Minister of LAW AND JUSTICE be pleased to state:

(a) the salient features of the recent recommendations on simultaneous Lok Sabha and Assembly elections received by the Government from NITI Aayog;

(b) whether the Government has taken any decision on these recommendations; and

(c) if so, the details thereof and the status thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR LAW AND JUSTICE AND CORPORATE AFFAIRS (SHRI P.P.CHAUDHARY)

(a) to (c): Based on the recommendations contained in the 79 th report of the Department related Parliamentary  Standing  Committee,  the  NITI  Ayog  in  a  paper  titled  'Analysis  of  Simultaneous Elections'  has  worked  out  a  possible  framework  whereby  elections  to  Lok  Sabha  and  State Assemblies could be held simultaneously in two phases. The paper envisages holding simultaneous elections to the Assemblies of about one half of the States along with  Lok Sabha General Elections due in April-May 2019 and the rest of the States in the mid-way, i.e. OctoberNovember, 2021, entailing extension or curtailment of the duration of the Assemblies wherever required. However, this would require amendments to the relevant provisions of the Constitution. The Government has not taken any decision on these recommendations.

*******
Lok Sabha Question No. 813 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Construction of New PHWR
Ministry: ATOMIC ENERGY
Asked by: SANTOSH AHLAWAT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.813 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018

## CONSTRUCTION OF NEW PHWR

## 813. SHRIMATI SANTOSH AHLAWAT:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has approved the construction of ten indigenous Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) with total installed capacity of 7000 MW;
- (b) if  so,  the  details thereof along with the total expenditure by the Government in this regard;
- (c) whether the Government proposes to partner with other countries in the development of the said reactors and if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and
- (d) the deadline set by the Government for the completion of the said projects and the steps taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES & PENSIONS AND PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (Dr. JITENDRA SINGH):

- (a)&(b) The Government has in June-2017 accorded administrative approval and financial sanction for setting up ten indigenous 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) in Fleet Mode , 'at an estimated cost of Rs.1,05,000 crore'. The details of these PHWRs is given below:
- (c) These ten Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) are being built based on indigenous technology and supply of equipment and services by Indian industry.
- (d) The  total  capacity  to  be  added  by  these  ten  reactors  would  be  7000  MW.  This capacity  is  expected  to  be  progressively  added  by  the  year  2031.  For  timely implementation of these projects, the Government has initiated several measures including expediting pre-project activities, obtaining statutory clearances, procurement of long manufacturing cycle equipment, human resource planning etc.

| State /UT      | Location      | Project              | Capacity(MW)   |
|----------------|---------------|----------------------|----------------|
| Madhya Pradesh | Chutka        | Chutka-1&2           | 2 X 700        |
| Karnataka      | Kaiga         | Kaiga-5&6            | 2 X 700        |
| Rajasthan      | Mahi Banswara | Mahi Banswara- 1 & 2 | 2 X 700        |
| Haryana        | Gorakhpur     | GHAVP- 3 & 4         | 2 X 700        |
| Rajasthan      | Mahi Banswara | Mahi Banswara- 3&4   | 2 X 700        |

*********
Lok Sabha Question No. 811 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: NMDFC
Ministry: MINORITY AFFAIRS
Asked by: DILIP PATEL

## Government of India Ministry of Minority Affairs LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.811 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018

## NMDFC

## 811. SHRI DILIP PATEL:

## Will the Minister of MINORITY AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) the details of schemes run by National Minorities Development and Finance Corporation(NMDFC),
- (b) the procedure to avail benefits of these schemes,
- (c) whether owing to complicated procedure, most of the applicants are not in a position to avail  benefits of these schemes, and
- (d) if so, the corrective steps taken to simplify the procedure?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF MINORITY AFFAIRS (SHRI MUKHTAR ABBAS NAQVI)

- (a) National  Minorities  Development  and  Finance  Corporation(NMDFC),  is implementing schemes for the socio-economic development of the 'backward  sections'  amongst  the  notified  minorities  through  the  State Channelizing Agencies (SCAs) nominated by the respective State Governments/UT  Administration.  For  availing  assistance  under  NMDFC schemes, the annual family income eligibility criterion under Credit Line-1 is  Rs.98,000 for rural areas & Rs.1.20 lacs for urban areas. Higher annual family  income  eligibility  criterion  of  upto  Rs.6.00  lacs  has  also  been introduced as Credit Line-2, for increasing coverage of beneficiaries under NMDFC schemes.  There are two types of Schemes namely (i) concessional Credit  Schemes  (Term  Loan,  Micro  Finance,  Education  Loan,  Mahila Samridhi Yojana) &  (ii) Promotional Schemes (Vocational Training Scheme, Marketing Assistance Scheme).
- (b) The  Scheme  of  NMDFC are  implemented  through the  State  Channelizing Agencies (SCAs) in their respective States/UTs. The SCAs solicit applications   through  advertisement/publicity and the persons from targeted Minority communities are directed to obtain applications from the office of District Minority Welfare Officer/ Head Office of the SCA.
- (c) & (d) NMDFC in order to cut down on waiting time for sanction of loan for the applicant, has given full authority to the SCAs for sanction & disbursement of loan and has also advised to reduce the lead time between submission of application from by the applicant to sanction of loan by the SCA and release of  loan  immediately  after  completion  of  disbursement  formalities  by  the identified  beneficiary.    Due  to  simplification  in  the  procedure  for  getting financial assistance and its effective  implementation in a transparent manner,  number  of  beneficiaries  have  increased  considerably  during  the last three financial years.

***
Lok Sabha Question No. 810 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Track Renewal
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: VASANTHI M.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 810 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018

## TRACK RENEWAL

810.  SHRIMATI VASANTHI M :

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Railways is taking up the process of track renewal in the States with a view to reducing derailments;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) the details of the tracks that have been selected to be renewed in the State of Tamil Nadu;
- (d) the quantum of funds allocated and released so far for the above purpose; and
- (e) the targets fixed in this regard?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

(SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

- (a) to (e) A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

*****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (e)  OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 810 BY SHRIMATI VASANTHI M. TO BE ANSWERED  IN  LOK  SABHA  ON  07.02.2018  REGARDING  TRACK RENEWAL

(a) to (e) Railway tracks are replaced through track renewal works which is an ongoing process. Track renewal works are undertaken as  and  when  a  stretch  of  track  becomes  due  for  renewal  on age/condition basis. Track Renewal works are planned in advance every  year  and  their  execution  is  prioritized  according  to  the condition of track.  If any stretch of track is not renewed in time due to  various  reasons,  suitable  speed  restrictions,  if  required,  are imposed to ensure safe running  of  trains.  For  the  year  2017-18,  a target of 3600 km in Complete Track Renewal (CTR) units has been kept for track renewal on Indian Railways.

Details  of  track  renewals  are  maintained  Zonal  Railway-wise  and not  State-wise.  The  State  of  Tamil  Nadu  falls  in  Southern  Railway and South Western Railway. The targets fixed, actual track renewal, funds allocated and expenditure incurred for track renewal for these Zonal Railways for the year 2017-18, are as under:

| Zonal Railway   |   Target (in km of CTR units) |   Actual Renewal (in km of CTR units) (upto December, 2017) |   Funds allocated (Revised Estimates) ( ₹ In Crore) |   Expenditure incurred ( ₹ In Crore) (upto December, 2017) |
|-----------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| Southern        |                           406 |                                                         203 |                                              703    |                                                     471.16 |
| South Western   |                           170 |                                                         120 |                                              377.93 |                                                     240.99 |

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 809 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Reservation to OBCs
Ministry: PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS
Asked by: B.V. NAYAK

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL & TRAINING)

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 809

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018)

## RESERVATION TO OBCs

## 809. SHRI B.V. NAIK:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) the number of candidates belonging to the Other Backward Castes deprived of reservation benefit in the process of appointment to various posts due to their coming under creamy layer;
- (b) whether any proposal is being contemplated to enforce the creamy layer factor in promotion process also and if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the Government would also consider to determine a creamy layer for the candidates of general category so that economically weaker people can get chance in Government jobs; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a):    No  centralized  data  regarding  number  of  candidates  belonging  to  the  Other  Backward Castes stated to have been deprived of reservation benefit for appointment to posts under Central Government due to their coming under creamy layer is maintained.
- (b):   There is no reservation in promotion for Other Backward Classes.
- (c) & (d):   At present, there is no proposal under consideration to determine creamy layer for the candidates of general category. The 9 Judge Constitutional Bench of Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Indra Sawhney has inter-alia held that 'a backward class cannot be determined only and exclusively with reference to economic criterion. It may be a consideration or basis along with and in addition to social backwardness, but it can never be the sole criterion'.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 808 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Special Package to States
Ministry: PLANNING
Asked by: M. I. SHANAVAS

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PLANNING

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.808 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018

## SPECIAL PACKAGE TO STATES

## 808. SHRI M.I. SHANAVAS:

Will the Minister of PLANNING be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government proposes to announce one time special package to certain States due to financial crunch they are facing;
- (b) if so, the details thereof, State-wise;
- (c) the  details  of  proposals  for  grant  of  special  package  under  the  consideration  of  the Government, State-wise including Kerala; and
- (d) the present status of these proposals?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS

## (RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

(a) & (b) There is no proposal with NITI Aayog regarding special package to states for financial crunch. As per the recommendations of 14 th Finance Commission, the States' share in the net proceeds of the Union tax revenues has increased from 32% earlier to 42% for the period 201520.  This would provide more untied resources to the States. The objective has been to fill the resource gap of each State to the extent possible through tax devolution.

(c) & (d) Presently there is no proposal with NITI Aayog for grant of Special Package to any State including Kerala.

-------
Lok Sabha Question No. 807 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Setting up of University for Christians
Ministry: MINORITY AFFAIRS
Asked by: (ADV.) JOICE GEORGE

- (a): No, Madam.
- (b): Does not arise.
- (c): No, Madam.
- (d)  &  (e):    As  per  Census  2011  figures,  the  literacy  rate  of  Christian  is  84.5%  which  is comparatively  better  than  the  all  India  literacy  rate  of  73.0%.  The  literacy  rates  of  other notified  minorities,  as  per  Census  2011,  are  -  Muslim  -  68.5%,  Sikh  -  75.4%,  Buddhist  81.3%, Jain - 94.9%.

*****

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 807 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018

## SETTING UP OF UNIVERSITY FOR CHRISTIANS

## 807.  ADV.  JOICE GEORGE:

Will the Minister of MINORITY AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government is planning to set up fully Government funded universities for  the  educational  empowerment  of  Christians  on  the  lines  of  the  Aligarh  Muslim University and Jamia Millia Islamia University;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether  the  Government  has  received  any  such  recommendation  from  any  of  the bodies/commissions/NGOs, etc. and if so, the details thereof;
- (d) whether as per 2011 census the educational level (age seven and above) of christians and other minorities are comparatively fair and good; and
- (e) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF MINORITY AFFAIRS (SHRI MUKHTAR ABBAS NAQVI)
Lok Sabha Question No. 804 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Coal Imports
Ministry: COAL
Asked by: M. UDHAYAKUMAR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COAL LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 804 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07/02/2018

## Coal Imports

## 804.   ADV.M.UDHAYAKUMAR:

Will the Minister of COAL be pleased to state:

- (a):  whether  India's  coal  imports  from  North  America  quadrupled  to  2.1 million  tonnes  in  October,  2017  from  a  year  ago,  the  highest  since January, 2015, if so, the details thereof;
- (b):  whether the buyers are also looking to boost purchases amid a shortage of the fuel, if so, the details thereof;
- (c):  whether the Government on the other hand is trying to curtail import of coal; and
- (d):   if so, the steps taken by the Government in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF RAILWAYS AND COAL

## (SHRI PIYUSH GOYAL)

(a): As  per  Directorate  General  of  Commercial  Intelligence  &  Statistics (DGCI&S), a small quantity of coal was imported (including Coal, Coke and Briquittes etc.) from USA during October, 2017 viz. 1.07 MT (against 0.36 MT imported in January, 2015).

(b)to(d): As per the current import policy, coal is kept under Open General License (OGL) and consumers are free to import coal from the source of their choice  as  per  their  contractual  prices  on  payment  of  applicable  duty. However, Coal imports have fallen from 217.78 Mte in 2014-15 to 203.95 Mte. in 2015-16 and further to 190.95 Mte. in 2016-17. The trend of fall in import of coal has  continued  in 2017-18.  As  per (DGCI&S),  during April-October,2017-18,  118.86  Mte.  (Provisional)  of  coal  was  imported  as compared to 121.14 Mte. in the corresponding period of 2016-17 showing a decline  of  1.9%.  The  fall  in  imports  is  largely  on  account  of  enhanced production by CIL.The vendible stock of CIL has increased from 53.47 Mt. as on  01.04.2015  to  68.42  Mt.  as  on  01.04.2017.  The  off-take  /  dispatch  of coal of CIL has also increased from 488.86 Mt in 2014-15 to 543.16 Mt. in 2016-17. However, the gap between demand and supply of coal cannot be bridged  completely  as  there  is  insufficient  domestic  availability  of  coking coal and power plants designed on imported coal will continue to import coal for their production.
Lok Sabha Question No. 802 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2018-02-07
Subject: Licensed Railway Porters
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: PARASURAMAN K.

(b): Does not arise.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED  QUESTION NO. 802 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07.02.2018

## LICENSED RAILWAY PORTERS

802. SHRI K. PARASURAMAN:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

(a) whether the Thanjavur Railway junction authorities are having any proposal to increase the number of licensed railway porters in the  interest  of  senior  citizens,  women  and  differently  abled passengers; and

(b) if so, the details thereof ?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

(SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

(a)&(b): No, Madam. There is no proposal to increase the number of  Sahayaks  (licensed  porters)  at  Thanjavur  junction.    However, applications  have  been  called  for  engagement  of  08  (eight) Sahayaks at this station.

*****