opensansad/lok-sabha-qa huggingface dataset:
Lok Sabha Question No. 6439 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Operating Ratio
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: YERRAM VENKATA SUBBAREDDY

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6439 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## OPERATING RATIO

6439.   SHRI Y.V. SUBBA REDDY :

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state :

- (a) the details of operating ratio of the railways in the last three years, year-wise;
- (b) the  details  of  the  operating  ratio  once  railways  implement  all recommendations of the 7th Pay Commission;
- (c) whether any financial assistance has been sought from the Finance Ministry to meet the above expenditure; and
- (d) if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  response  of  the  Finance  Ministry thereto?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

(SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

- (a) to (d) : A Statement is laid on the Table of the House.

****

STATEMENT  REFERRED  TO  IN  REPLY  TO  PARTS  (a)  TO  (d)  OF  UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6439 BY SHRI Y.V. SUBBA REDDY TO BE ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON 12.04.2017 REGARDING OPERATING RATIO

- (a) The operating ratio of Railways in the last three years, year-wise, is given below:
- (b) The recommendations of 7th Central Pay Commission with regard to pay and pension were approved by the Government for implementation during 201617  and  accordingly,  the  operating  ratio  of  Railways  in  Revised  Estimates 2016-17 was estimated at 94.9%.
- (c) & (d) Yes, Madam. Railways had, through a number of correspondences/submissions at various levels, sought assistance from the Ministry of Finance in some way or the other to meet the additional liability arising out of implementation of 7th Central Pay Commission. The Ministry of Finance,  however,  advised  Railways  to  explore  raising  own  resources  for implementation  of  the  recommendations  of  7th  Central  Pay  Commission stating that the liability of General Revenues towards implementation of the recommendations of 7th Central Pay Commission is much  larger in comparison to liability of Ministry of Railways.

| Year                        | Operating Ratio of Indian Railways   |
|-----------------------------|--------------------------------------|
| 2014-15                     | 91.3%                                |
| 2015-16                     | 90.5%                                |
| 2016-17 (Revised Estimates) | 94.9%                                |

****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6438 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Skill Development to Tribals
Ministry: SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Asked by: RAJESHBHAI NARANBHAI CHUDASAMA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6438 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## SKILL DEVELOPMENT TO TRIBALS

## 6438. SHRI RAJESHBHAI CHUDASAMA:

## Will  the  Minister  of  SKILL  DEVELOPMENT  AND  ENTREPRENEURSHIP  be pleased to state:

- (a) whether Government has any plan to provide education for the upliftment of a large section  of uneducated persons particularly tribals/forest dwellers of the country under the skill development scheme;
- (b) if  so,  the  details  of  the  work  carried  out,  syllabus-wise,  programme-wise  and  Statewise;
- (c) the details of number of people who have benefitted under this scheme during each of the last three years; and
- (d) the  details  of  the  expenditure  incurred  under  this  programme,  State-wise  and  yearwise?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) IN THE MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (SHRI RAJIV PRATAP RUDY)

(a) to (d) There  are  about  20  Central  Ministries/Departments  including  Ministry  of  Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) involved in the implementation of more than 40 schemes for various skill development programmes including those for skill development of tribals/forest dwellers.

Ministry  of  Tribal  Affairs  administers  a  Scheme  of  Vocational  Training  Centre  (VTC) whereby free vocational training facilities are extended to tribal youth. 100% grants under the scheme  are  provided  to  States,  Union  Territories  and  other  implementing  agencies.  The Scheme of  Vocational  Training  Centre  in  Tribal  Areas  is  demand  driven.  Ministry  of  Tribal Affairs provides grants based upon proposals received in the Ministry from State Governments as per scheme guidelines.  Further,  assistance  is  also  provided  to  the  State Governments under Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub Plan (SCA to TSP) and grants under  Article  275(1)  of  the  Constitution  for  skill  development  programmes  and  income generating projects.

Ministry is implementing its flagship scheme known as Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana  (PMKVY) on pan-India basis.  PMKVY enables large number  of  prospective  youth, which also includes tribals/forest dwellers, for taking short term fresh training and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) through accredited and affiliated training partner/training centers. The schemes runs across 221 job roles related to 35 Sector Skill Councils, which is a diverse and exhaustive  representation  of  the  industry.  20,98,839  people,  including  tribals,  have  been trained under PMKVY till 9 th  March 2017. Under PMKVY, RE 1250 crore and BE 1300 crore have been allocated in FY 2016-17 and FY 2017-18, respectively.

********
Lok Sabha Question No. 6437 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Separate Coach for Disabled
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: ANIRUDHAN SAMPATH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.6437 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## SEPARATE COACH FOR DISABLED

6437. DR. A. SAMPATH:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether there is a separate coach for the disabled in all the long route  trains  running  across  the  country  and  if  not,  the  reasons therefor;
- (b) the percentage of long route trains having separate coaches for the disabled at present; and
- (c)  the  time  by  which  the  Government  is  planning  to  increase  their number?

## ANSWER

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

(SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

(a)  to  (c)  Almost  all  the  Mail  Express  trains  (except  special  type  of trains like Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Jan Shatabdi, AC Special, Duronto and Mail Express trains running with LHB (Linke Hofmann Busch) coaches),  including  Garib  Rath  trains,  have  been  provided  with  a specially designed disabled friendly cabin in at least one coach (SLRDSecond  class  cum  luggage  cum  Guard  van  with  disabled  friendly facilities)   for   differently abled passengers .

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6436 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Level Crossings in Karnataka
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: PRATHAP SIMHA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.6436 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## LEVEL CROSSINGS IN KARNATAKA

6436.  SHRI PRATHAP SIMHA:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a) whether there are 1270 level crossings in Karnataka and if so, the details of Manned and Unmanned Level Crossings (UMLCs) in Karnataka as of June 2016, division-wise;
- (b) whether 49 UMLCs have been manned in the last two years;
- (c) if so, the time likely to be taken to man or eliminate/close all the UMLCs at this pace; and
- (d) whether there are any plans to make special financial provisions to man the above UMLCs and if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## (SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

- (a):  As  on  01.04.2016,  there  are  1027  level  crossings  in  the  State  of Karnataka out of which 727 are manned level crossings and 300 are unmanned level  crossings.  Division-wise  data  of  level  crossings  in  a particular State is not maintained.
- (b): Yes, 49 unmanned level crossings have been manned during 201415 and 2015-16 in the State of Karnataka.
- (c):  Ministry  of  Railways  has  announced  a  specific  sub-mission  to eliminate  all  unmanned  level  crossings  on  Broad  Gauge  by  March 2020.

(d): Adequate fund is being provided.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6435 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Synchronisation of Satellites
Ministry: SPACE
Asked by: NARANBHAI KACHHADIA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## DEPARTMENT OF SPACE

## LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.6435

## TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 2017 SYNCHRONISATION OF SATELLITES

6435.   SHRI NARANBHAI KACHHADIYA:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) whether our country has developed the technology of testing and synchronizing satellites of new generation; and
- (b)
- if so, the specific benefits likely to be accrued therefrom?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PG & PENSIONS AND IN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE (DR. JITENDRA SINGH):

- (a) Time synchronisation of satellites are carried out using reference clocks onboard navigation satellites along with high precision ground based reference to maintain time accuracy all the time.
- (b) NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) time synchronisation services has potential for adoption in Satellite Control  Centre  System,  Power  Grid  and  Interactive  ground network system (VSAT Hubs).

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6434 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Consumption of Water
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: MOHANBHAI KALYANJIBHAI KUNDARIYA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.6434 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## CONSUMPTION OF WATER

## 6434. SHRI KUNDARIYA MOHAN BHAI KALYANJI BHAI:

Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  the  quantity  of  water  being  consumed  daily  by  railway  stations, division-wise across the country;
- (b) the source of water procurement, service-wise;
- (c) the arrangement made by the railways to recycle the waste water;
- (d) whether Railway Stations are equipped with water recycling plants; and
- (e)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  if  not,  the  steps  being  taken  in  this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## (SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

(a) & (b): Indian Railways have more than 8000 railway stations spread over  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  country.  To  meet  demand  of drinking  water  at  these  railway  stations,  Railways  are  using  various sources of water like bore-well, municipal supply, tankers, river/dams etc.  Although  accountal  of  water  received  from  the  municipality  is maintained but it is practically not feasible to have accountal of water taken from other sources like bore-well, river/dams etc.

(c) to (e): For optimum use of water, Water Recycling Plants (WRP) are provided  at  major  consumption  centers  (Station/sheds  etc),  if  the same is economically justified. Provision of WRP is a continuous process. Railways had already provided WRPs at 40 locations which includes Railway stations also. Presently, 43 more WRPs have been sanctioned, out of which works have been taken up at 24 locations and planning for balance WRPs has been  undertaken.  Due  to  installation  of  WRPs,  requirement  of  fresh water has been reduced, resulting in substantial saving in revenue.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6433 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Electronic System to detect Earthquakes
Ministry: EARTH SCIENCES
Asked by: KAMLA DEVI PATLE

- (a)
- Yes Madam.
- (b) At  present  National  Centre  of  Seismology  (NCS)  ,  Ministry  of  Earth Sciences  (MoES),  maintains  a  National  Seismological  Network  (NSN) comprising of 84 (eighty four) digital (Electronic) permanent seismological field  stations.

NCS  is  in  process  of  installation  of  31  more  new  seismological observatories.  The  new  seismological  observatories  state-wise  are Haryana (4), Uttarakhand (1), Delhi (3), Jummu & Kashmir (2), Himachal Pradesh (3),  Uttat  Pradesh  (5),  Jharkhand  (1),  Bihar  (4),  West  Bengal (1), Punjab (1) and Rajasthan (2), Madhya Pradesh (2), Chhattisgarh (1) and Lakshdweep (1). These observatories will have digital broadband seismograph system with VSAT communication. However, there is no proven scientific technique available anywhere in the world till date, to forecast  the  occurrence  of  earthquake  with  reasonable  degree  of accuracy  with  regard  to  space,  time  and  magnitude.  The  Ground motion data recorded by the digital seismograph are used for estimation of magnitude and other earthquake parameters. It may be reiterated that the present set up is not used for forecasting earthquakes.

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 6433

## TO BE ANSWERED ON WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 2017

## ELECTRONIC SYSTEM TO DETECT EARTHQUAKES

## 6433. SHRIMATI KAMLA DEVI PAATLE:

Will the Minister of EARTH SCIENCES be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government proposes to install any electronic system to measure the intensity of earthquakes;
- (b) if so, the details thereof and the way by which earthquake forecast is likely to be improved by the same;
- (c)
- the time by which said system is likely to be installed;
- (d) whether the Government has issued any guidelines about construction of houses particularly in earthquake prone areas; and
- (e)
- if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES

(SHRI Y. S. CHOWDARY)
Lok Sabha Question No. 6432 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Pension and Gratuity
Ministry: PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS
Asked by: K. MARAGATHAM

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (DEPARTMENT OF PENSION AND PENSIONERS' WELFARE)

## LOK  SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6432

(TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017)

## PENSION AND GRATUITY

## 6432. SHRIMATI K. MARAGATHAM:

Will the PRIME MINISTER be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has cleared the revised pension benefits as recommended by the 7th Pay Commission;
- (b) if so, the details thereof;
- (c) whether the maximum gratuity and death gratuity will be Rs.20 Lakh and the ceiling on gratuity will increase by 25 per cent whenever the dearness allowance rises by 50 per cent of the basic pay; and
- (d) if so, the details thereof?

## ANSWER

Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions and Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office. (DR. JITENDRA SINGH)

- (a) & (b): An OM No.38/37/2016-P&PW(A) (i) dated 4 th August, 2016 has been issued by  Department  of  Pension  &  Pensioners'  Welfare  for  revision  of  pension  of  Central Government civil employees retiring on or after 1.1.2016 and OM No.38/37/2016-P&PW(A) (ii)  dated  4 th August,  2016  has  been  issued  for  revision  of  pension  of  Central  Government civil  pre-2016  pensioners/family  pensioners  in  implementation  of  the  7 th Central  Pay Commission.

Ministry of Defence (Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare) have issued a Resolution  No.17(1)/2014/D(Pension/Policy)  dated  30.9.2016  regarding  decisions  of  the Government on implementation of the recommendations of the 7 th Central Pay Commission. A  letter  No.17(01)/2016-D(Pen/Pol)  dated  29.10.2016  has  been  issued  by  Ministry  of Defence  (Department  of  Ex-Servicemen  Welfare)    for  revision  of  pension  of  pre-2016 Defence pensioners/family pensioners.

- (c) & (d): As per OM No.38/37/2016-P&PW(A)(i) dated 4 th August,  2016,    maximum limit  of  retirement  gratuity  and  death  gratuity  has  been  increased  from  Rs.10.00  lakh  to Rs.20.00  lakh  w.e.f.  1.1.2016.  The  ceiling  of  gratuity  will  increase  by  25%  whenever  the dearness allowance rises by 50% of the basic pay.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6431 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Impact of Demonetization on Real Estate Sector
Ministry: HOUSING AND URBAN  POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Asked by: SANTOSH AHLAWAT

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION LOK SABHA

## UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6431

## TO BE ANSWERED ON APRIL 12, 2017

## IMPACT OF DEMONETIZATION ON REAL ESTATE SECTOR

## No. 6431 SHRIMATI SANTOSH AHLAWAT:

Will the Minister of HOUSING AND URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION be pleased to state:

- (a) whether the Government has made a study on the impact of  demonetization  on  real  estate  sector  and  if  so,  the details thereof;
- (b) whether  experts  have  expressed  that  market  value  of residential property is expected to be wiped off in about 42 cities across the country; and
- (c) if  so,  the  response  of  the  Government  thereto  and  the details of efforts proposed to be made to boost the real estate sector market?

## ANSWER

THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION

(RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

- (a): No Madam, this Ministry has not carried out any study on impact of demonetization on real estate sector.
- (b): No comments.

- (c): Demonetization coupled with the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, the Goods and Service Tax Law and the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) (Amendment) Act, 2016 is expected to increase transparency in the sector and attract higher volume of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) at competitive rates.

**********
Lok Sabha Question No. 6430 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Minority Commission
Ministry: MINORITY AFFAIRS
Asked by: SUNIL KUMAR SINGH

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

## MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6430 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12-04-2017

## Minority Commission

## 6430. SHRI SUNIL KUMAR SINGH:

Will the Minister of MINORITY AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

- (a) the number of States where Commission for Minority Affairs has been constituted in the country;
- (b) whether these States have also constituted Commission for Minority Affairs where Hindus are in Minority;
- (c) if not, the reasons therefor;
- (d) whether  the  Government  proposes  to  formulate  a  scheme  to  protect  rights  of Hindus where they are in minority; and
- (e) if not, the reasons therefor?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (I/C) IN THE MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS (SHRI MUKHTAR ABBAS NAQVI)

- (a) As  per  information  available  in  the  National  Commission  for  Minorities  (NCM),  18 States have set up State Minority Commission. (b)  To  (d)  One  state,  out  of  18,  has  population  of  Hindus  fewer  than  the  Minority Community (Sikhs), notified under Section 2(c) of NCM Act, 1992 where a State Minority Commission  has  been  set  up.  State  Governments  have  been  requested  to  take appropriate action in accordance with the recommendations of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) for setting up State Minorities Commissions and giving representation  to  the  Minorities  Communities  under  Section  2(c)  of  the  National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.
- (e) Does not arise.
Lok Sabha Question No. 6429 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: Deployment of Rail Robots
Ministry: RAILWAYS
Asked by: ANURAG SINGH THAKUR

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6429 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## DEPLOYMENT OF RAIL ROBOTS

## 6429. SHRI ANURAG SINGH THAKUR:

## Will the Minister of RAILWAYS be pleased to state:

- (a)  whether  the  Railways  is  considering  deploying  rail  robots  in  order  to detect fractures in railway tracks and if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor;
- (b) whether the Railways is planning to consult the World Bank to help them identify specific areas that require investment from the Rail Sanraksha Kosh;
- (c)  if  so,  the  details  thereof  and  the  time  by  which  the  World  Bank  is expected to give its report;
- (d) whether an MoU has been signed with the Italian Railways to jointly work towards improving the safety of Indian Railways; and
- (e) if so, the details of this agreement and the areas that the Italian Railways will be helping in?

## ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

## (SHRI RAJEN GOHAIN)

- (a)  No,  Madam.  Indian  Railways  has  a  system  of  daily  inspection  of railway  tracks  by  keyman  to  detect  fractures  as  per  laid  down provisions  of  Indian  Railways  Permanent  Way  Manual  (IRPWM).  In addition, cold weather patrolling  of  track  during specific  period  is done as per  instructions  of

manual  of  long  welded  rail.    Also,  a  trial  of  Broken  Rail  Detection System based on guided ultrasonic waves to detect fractures in rail has been undertaken on 25 km railway track length each on Northern Railway and North Central Railway.

(b) No, Madam.

(c) Does not arise.

(d)  &  (e)  Yes,  Madam.  A  Memorandum  of  Understanding  has  been signed  between  Ministry  of  Railways  and  the  Ferrovie  Dello  Stato Italiane S.P.A. of the Republic of Italy on 31.01.2017 in rail sector for technical cooperation which includes safety audit of Indian Railways and measures  required  for enhancing  safety in train operation, assessment and certification of advanced technology based on safety products and systems to Safety Integrity Level 4 (SIL4), training and competency  development  with  focus  on  safety  including  in  areas  of advanced  signalling  and  train  control  systems,  modern  trends  in maintenance and diagnostic & any other area jointly identified by the participants.

*****
Lok Sabha Question No. 6428 (UNSTARRED), answered on 2017-04-12
Subject: People Below Poverty Line
Ministry: PLANNING
Asked by: RAMSINH PATALYABHAI RATHWA

## GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF PLANNING

## LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 6428 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.04.2017

## PEOPLE BELOW POVERTY LINE

## 6428. SHRI RAMSINH RATHWA:

Will the Minister of PLANNING be pleased to state:

(a) the total population as per the recent census of India and the number and percentage out of them living below poverty line;

(b) the country's population after partition and whether the current percentage of population living below poverty line is somewhat similar to the total population of the country at the time of partition; and

(c) if so, the details in this regard?

## ANSWER

## MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION

(RAO INDERJIT SINGH)

(a): As per Population Census of 2011 conducted by the Office of Registrar General of India, the population in the country was estimated as 121 crore as on 1 st March 2011.

The erstwhile Planning Commission estimated the number of persons living below the poverty line in a year from the poverty ratio and the estimated population of the year. The poverty ratio was derived from the Large Sample Surveys on Household Consumer Expenditure carried out by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The latest data of Large Sample Survey on Household Consumer Expenditure was  collected  by  NSSO  in  its  68 th round  conducted  in  2011-12.  Following  the  Tendulkar Committee methodology the poverty lines and poverty ratios for 2011-12 was estimated. For 201112, the percentage of persons living below the poverty line in the country was estimated as 21.9 percent. The population as on 1 st March 2012 was estimated as 123 crore. Based on the estimated population and the poverty ratio of 21.9 percent, 27 crore persons were living below poverty line in 2011-12.

(b) & (c): After partition, the Census population is available for 1951. As per Population Census of 1951, India's population in 1951 was 36 crore.  The latest estimates of poverty are available for 2011-12, which shows 27 crore persons were living below the poverty line.

------