E rua ngā taupēnga e wehewehe ana a "Smith (1999) i ngā taupēnga e rua: ""perennialism motukore"", e kī ana nāna i tīari ia iwi mō ngā wā roa rawa, ā, ""auau perennialism", e aro ana ki te putanga ake, te whakamutunga me te putanga mai o ngā iwi hei aronga auau o te hītori tangata."