Ko ngā tāurunga e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga whakanao, ko ngā āhuatanga tuatahi o te whakanaotanga pērā ki ngā ratonga mahi, te pūmatua (he taonga whai roa e whakamahia ana i te whakaputa, pēnei i tētahi wheketere tīariari), me tētahi whenua (tae atu ki ngā rauemi māori).