Ko te tohu methylation DNA ko te chromatin, ngā koromeke o te tinana, te huihuinga ira nā te whakararuraru RNA me te whakaritenga ahu-toru o ngā pūmua (pēnei i ngā kōataata) ko ngā wāhi i kitea ai ngā pūnaha taonga rongoā i te taumata rauropi.