Soliton pulses in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser and its use in supercontinuum generation

## Soliton pulses in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser and its use in supercontinuum generation

  * ####  Abstract

We present a source of soliton pulses in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser. The passive mode-locking is achieved by using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. The system generates 352 fs pulses with repetition rate of 12.5 MHz and the 3dB spectrum width of about 7.8 nm at the central wavelength of 1563.3 nm. A low-cost erbium-doped fiber amplifier is employed to boost the peak power of the pulses. Single-mode supercontinuum is obtained by passing the amplified pulses through a photonic crystal fiber with the length of 101 nm. Further more, we show the evolution process of the supercontinuum with different optical pump power. It is shown that, with the low-intensity femtosecond pulses, the spectrum broadening is caused by the fission of the higher-order solitons. With the increase of the pump power, the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is achieved, and the energy transfer through SRS spreads toward the long wavelength and the short wavelength sides. On further increasing the pump power, the coupling between SRS and parametric four-wave mixing will result in the appearance of waves with new wavelengths, and the spectrum will become broader and more smooth.

####  Authors and contacts 

    * Fan Hong1,
    * Zhang Shu-Min2,
    * Zuo Xiao-Xue2,
    * Lü Fu-Yun3
    * (1)河北建筑工程学院数理系，张家口 075024; (2)河北师范大学物理科学与信息工程学院，石家庄 050016; (3)南开大学物理科学学院，天津 300071

####  References

  * [1] |  . Internal dynamic detection of soliton molecules in a Ti: sapphire femtosecond laser. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, (): . **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191989 **  
---|---  
[2] |  . Research on few-mode PAM regenerator based on nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, (): . **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191858 **  
[3] |  Zhang Ji-Ye, Zhang Jian-Wei, Zeng Yu-Gang, Zhang Jun, Ning Yong-Qiang, Zhang Xing, Qin Li, Liu Yun, Wang Li-Jun. Design of gain region of high-power vertical external cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser and its fabrication. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 054204. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191787 **  
[4] |  Hu Yao-Hua, Liu Yan, Mu Ge, Qin Qi, Tan Zhong-Wei, Wang Mu-Guang, Yan Feng-Ping. Application of compressive sensing based on multimode fiber specklegram in optical image encryption. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(3): 034203. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191143 **  
[5] |  Zhao Chao-Ying, Fan Yu-Ting, Meng Yi-Chao, Guo Qi-Zhi, Tan Wei-Han. Orbital angular momentum mode of cylindrical spiral wave-guide. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 054207. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20190997 **  
[6] |  Luo Duan, Hui Dan-Dan, Wen Wen-Long, Li Li-Li, Xin Li-Wei, Zhong Zi-Yuan, Ji Chao, Chen Ping, He Kai, Wang Xing, Tian Jin-Shou. Design of femtosecond electron diffractometer with adjustable gap. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 052901. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191157 **  
[7] |  Zhuang Zhi-Ben, Li Jun, Liu Jing-Yi, Chen Shi-Qiang. Image encryption algorithm based on new five-dimensional multi-ring multi-wing hyperchaotic system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(4): 040502. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191342 **  
[8] |  Wu Yu-Ming, Ding Xiao, Wang Ren, Wang Bing-Zhong. Theoretical analysis of wide-angle metamaterial absorbers based on equivalent medium theory. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 054202. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191732 **  
[9] |  Zhang Meng, Yao Ruo-He, Liu Yu-Rong. A channel thermal noise model of nanoscaled metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 057101. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191512 **  
[10] |  . Investigate the effect of source-drain conduction in single-event transient on nanoscale bulk fin field effect transistor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, (): . **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191896 **  
[11] |  Guo Hui, Wang Ya-Jun, Wang Lin-Xue, Zhang Xiao-Fei. Dynamics of ring dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(1): 010302. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191424 **  
[12] |  Li Chuang, Li Wei-Wei, Cai Li, Xie Dan, Liu Bao-Jun, Xiang Lan, Yang Xiao-Kuo, Dong Dan-Na, Liu Jia-Hao, Chen Ya-Bo. Flexible nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on reduced graphene oxide sensing material using silver nanowire electrode. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 058101. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191390 **  
[13] |  . Thermodynamics of Laser Plasma Removal of Micro and Nano Particles. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, (): . **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191933 **  
[14] |  Liu Jia-He, Lu Jia-Zhe, Lei Jun-Jie, Gao Xun, Lin Jing-Quan. Effect of ambient gas pressure on characteristics of air plasma induced by nanosecond laser. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 057401. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191540 **  
[15] |  Liu Hou-Tong, Mao Min-Juan. An accurate inversion method of aerosol extinction coefficient about ground-based lidar without needing calibration. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(7): 074205. **doi:10.7498/aps.68.20181825 **  
[16] |  . Identifying two different configurations of the H32+ by the direct above-threshold ionization spectrum in two-color laser field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, (): . **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200013 **  
[17] |  Zhang Zhan-Gang, Lei Zhi-Feng, Tong Teng, Li Xiao-Hui, Wang Song-Lin, Liang Tian-Jiao, Xi Kai, Peng Chao, He Yu-Juan, Huang Yun, En Yun-Fei. Comparison of neutron induced single event upsets in 14 nm FinFET and 65 nm planar static random access memory devices. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 056101. **doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191209 **  



## Soliton pulses in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser and its use in supercontinuum generation

  * Fan Hong1, 
  * Zhang Shu-Min2, 
  * Zuo Xiao-Xue2, 
  * Lü Fu-Yun3


  * 1\. (1)河北建筑工程学院数理系，张家口 075024; (2)河北师范大学物理科学与信息工程学院，石家庄 050016; (3)南开大学物理科学学院，天津 300071



**Abstract:** We present a source of soliton pulses in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser. The passive mode-locking is achieved by using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. The system generates 352 fs pulses with repetition rate of 12.5 MHz and the 3dB spectrum width of about 7.8 nm at the central wavelength of 1563.3 nm. A low-cost erbium-doped fiber amplifier is employed to boost the peak power of the pulses. Single-mode supercontinuum is obtained by passing the amplified pulses through a photonic crystal fiber with the length of 101 nm. Further more, we show the evolution process of the supercontinuum with different optical pump power. It is shown that, with the low-intensity femtosecond pulses, the spectrum broadening is caused by the fission of the higher-order solitons. With the increase of the pump power, the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is achieved, and the energy transfer through SRS spreads toward the long wavelength and the short wavelength sides. On further increasing the pump power, the coupling between SRS and parametric four-wave mixing will result in the appearance of waves with new wavelengths, and the spectrum will become broader and more smooth.