## The PhilPapers SurveysHighest linear correlations

## Correlations with: AOS:17th/18th Century Philosophy

N = 931 (target faculty). Cut-off = +/-0.05

n < 10 omitted. Some redundant or trivial correlations are not shown.

### Main Survey questions

Answer | Corrrelation coefficient  
---|---  
not External world:non-skeptical realism| 0.166  
| non-skeptical realism | not non-skeptical realism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 66.9%| (71/106)  
---|---  
| 28.3%| (30/106)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 85.1%| (689/809)  
---|---  
| 11.1%| (90/809)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 915 p-value: < 0.001   
  
External world:idealism| 0.165  
| idealism | not idealism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 13.2%| (14/106)  
---|---  
| 82%| (87/106)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3.2%| (26/809)  
---|---  
| 93%| (753/809)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 915 p-value: < 0.001   
  
Science:scientific anti-realism| 0.121  
| scientific realism | scientific anti-realism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 63.2%| (67/106)  
---|---  
| 28.3%| (30/106)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 79.2%| (634/800)  
---|---  
| 13.5%| (108/800)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 906 p-value: < 0.001   
  
Mental content:internalism| 0.117  
| externalism | internalism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 45.9%| (45/98)  
---|---  
| 36.7%| (36/98)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 61.5%| (467/759)  
---|---  
| 24.2%| (184/759)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 857 p-value: < 0.001   
  
Moral motivation:internalism| 0.101  
| externalism | internalism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 27.1%| (25/92)  
---|---  
| 55.4%| (51/92)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 39.6%| (269/678)  
---|---  
| 42.7%| (290/678)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 770 p-value: 0.005   
  
not Zombies:conceivable but not metaphysically possible| 0.1  
| conceivable but not metaphysically possible | not conceivable but not metaphysically possible  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 27.8%| (27/97)  
---|---  
| 60.8%| (59/97)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 41.7%| (304/728)  
---|---  
| 44.2%| (322/728)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 825 p-value: 0.004   
  
not Free will:compatibilism| 0.098  
| compatibilism | not compatibilism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 47.6%| (50/105)  
---|---  
| 41.9%| (44/105)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 62.9%| (500/794)  
---|---  
| 28%| (223/794)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 899 p-value: 0.003   
  
Mind:non-physicalism| 0.097  
| non-physicalism | physicalism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 37.3%| (40/107)  
---|---  
| 48.5%| (52/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 26.5%| (215/811)  
---|---  
| 62.1%| (504/811)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 918 p-value: 0.003   
  
God:theism| 0.091  
| theism | atheism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 21.6%| (23/106)  
---|---  
| 62.2%| (66/106)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 13.9%| (113/811)  
---|---  
| 78.4%| (636/811)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 917 p-value: 0.005   
  
External world:skepticism| 0.09  
| skepticism | not skepticism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 9.4%| (10/106)  
---|---  
| 85.8%| (91/106)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 4.3%| (35/809)  
---|---  
| 91.9%| (744/809)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 915 p-value: 0.006   
  
Epistemic justification:internalism| 0.09  
| externalism | internalism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 42.4%| (42/99)  
---|---  
| 37.3%| (37/99)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 51.8%| (399/769)  
---|---  
| 30.5%| (235/769)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 868 p-value: 0.007   
  
Newcomb's problem:one box| 0.09  
| two boxes | one box  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 32.3%| (22/68)  
---|---  
| 38.2%| (26/68)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 45.8%| (273/595)  
---|---  
| 30.7%| (183/595)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 663 p-value: 0.02   
  
not Normative ethics:consequentialism| 0.085  
| consequentialism | not consequentialism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 19.3%| (18/93)  
---|---  
| 73.1%| (68/93)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 28.5%| (202/707)  
---|---  
| 56.5%| (400/707)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 800 p-value: 0.016   
  
Abstract objects:nominalism| 0.069  
| Platonism | nominalism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 34.5%| (37/107)  
---|---  
| 57%| (61/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 42%| (331/787)  
---|---  
| 47%| (370/787)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 894 p-value: 0.039   
  
Truth:epistemic| 0.067  
| epistemic | not epistemic  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 16.1%| (16/99)  
---|---  
| 79.7%| (79/99)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 6.2%| (48/764)  
---|---  
| 87.4%| (668/764)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 863 p-value: 0.049   
  
Trolley problem:don't switch| 0.064  
| switch | don't switch  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 65.6%| (65/99)  
---|---  
| 17.1%| (17/99)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 75%| (574/765)  
---|---  
| 10.8%| (83/765)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 864 p-value: 0.06   
  
Time:B-theory| 0.063  
| A-theory | B-theory  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 23.5%| (16/68)  
---|---  
| 52.9%| (36/68)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 30.4%| (157/515)  
---|---  
| 45.2%| (233/515)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 583 p-value: 0.128   
  
Normative ethics:virtue ethics| 0.055  
| virtue ethics | not virtue ethics  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 30.1%| (28/93)  
---|---  
| 62.3%| (58/93)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 19.9%| (141/707)  
---|---  
| 65.2%| (461/707)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 800 p-value: 0.12   
  
Metaphilosophy:non-naturalism| 0.053  
| non-naturalism | naturalism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 34.3%| (35/102)  
---|---  
| 53.9%| (55/102)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 27.8%| (210/753)  
---|---  
| 56.4%| (425/753)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 855 p-value: 0.121   
  
Logic:non-classical| 0.053  
| classical | non-classical  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 59.5%| (53/89)  
---|---  
| 25.8%| (23/89)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 66.5%| (475/714)  
---|---  
| 18.2%| (130/714)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 803 p-value: 0.133   
  
not Moral judgment:cognitivism| 0.053  
| cognitivism | non-cognitivism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 65.3%| (66/101)  
---|---  
| 27.7%| (28/101)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 71.9%| (557/774)  
---|---  
| 19.3%| (150/774)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 875 p-value: 0.117   
  
Normative ethics:deontology| 0.05  
| deontology | not deontology  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 37.6%| (35/93)  
---|---  
| 54.8%| (51/93)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 29.1%| (206/707)  
---|---  
| 56%| (396/707)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 800 p-value: 0.157   
  
not Perceptual experience:disjunctivism| 0.05  
| disjunctivism | not disjunctivism  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 9.7%| (9/92)  
---|---  
| 75%| (69/92)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 14.9%| (93/624)  
---|---  
| 69.5%| (434/624)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 716 p-value: 0.181   
  
### Philosophical orientation

Answer | Corrrelation coefficient  
---|---  
xian:Spinoza| 0.254  
| Spinoza | not Spinoza  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 13%| (14/107)  
---|---  
| 86.9%| (93/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 0.9%| (8/824)  
---|---  
| 99%| (816/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: < 0.001   
  
xian:Kant| 0.185  
| Kant | not Kant  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 28.9%| (31/107)  
---|---  
| 71%| (76/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 9.9%| (82/824)  
---|---  
| 90%| (742/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: < 0.001   
  
AOS:19th Century Philosophy| 0.133  
| 19th Century Philosophy | not 19th Century Philosophy  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 11.2%| (12/107)  
---|---  
| 88.7%| (95/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3%| (25/824)  
---|---  
| 96.9%| (799/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: < 0.001   
  
not AOS:Philosophy of Language| 0.128  
| Philosophy of Language | not Philosophy of Language  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 4.6%| (5/107)  
---|---  
| 95.3%| (102/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 20.2%| (167/824)  
---|---  
| 79.7%| (657/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: < 0.001   
  
xian:Leibniz| 0.12  
| Leibniz | not Leibniz  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 6.5%| (7/107)  
---|---  
| 93.4%| (100/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 1.3%| (11/824)  
---|---  
| 98.6%| (813/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: < 0.001   
  
not xian:Russell| 0.095  
| Russell | not Russell  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | ~0.9%| (~1/107)  
---|---  
| ~99%| (~106/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 7.4%| (61/824)  
---|---  
| 92.5%| (763/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.003   
  
not AOS:Logic and Philosophy of Logic| 0.085  
| Logic and Philosophy of Logic | not Logic and Philosophy of Logic  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 2.8%| (3/107)  
---|---  
| 97.1%| (104/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 10.8%| (89/824)  
---|---  
| 89.1%| (735/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.009   
  
not AOS:Epistemology| 0.083  
| Epistemology | not Epistemology  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 8.4%| (9/107)  
---|---  
| 91.5%| (98/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 18.3%| (151/824)  
---|---  
| 81.6%| (673/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.011   
  
not AOS:Philosophy of Mind| 0.082  
| Philosophy of Mind | not Philosophy of Mind  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 11.2%| (12/107)  
---|---  
| 88.7%| (95/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 21.7%| (179/824)  
---|---  
| 78.2%| (645/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.012   
  
not AOS:Philosophy of Physical Science| 0.081  
| Philosophy of Physical Science | not Philosophy of Physical Science  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | ~0.9%| (~1/107)  
---|---  
| ~99%| (~106/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 7.2%| (60/824)  
---|---  
| 92.7%| (764/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.013   
  
not AOS:Philosophy of Biology| 0.074  
| Philosophy of Biology | not Philosophy of Biology  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | ~0.9%| (~1/107)  
---|---  
| ~99%| (~106/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 4.6%| (38/824)  
---|---  
| 95.3%| (786/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.023   
  
xian:Locke| 0.07  
| Locke | not Locke  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 7.4%| (8/107)  
---|---  
| 92.5%| (99/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3.2%| (27/824)  
---|---  
| 96.7%| (797/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.032   
  
not AOS:Decision Theory| 0.066  
| Decision Theory | not Decision Theory  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | ~0.9%| (~1/107)  
---|---  
| ~99%| (~106/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3.7%| (31/824)  
---|---  
| 96.2%| (793/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.044   
  
not xian:Frege| 0.064  
| Frege | not Frege  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 2.8%| (3/107)  
---|---  
| 97.1%| (104/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 8.1%| (67/824)  
---|---  
| 91.8%| (757/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.05   
  
not xian:Lewis| 0.063  
| Lewis | not Lewis  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 2.8%| (3/107)  
---|---  
| 97.1%| (104/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 8%| (66/824)  
---|---  
| 91.9%| (758/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.054   
  
not AOS:Philosophy of Cognitive Science| 0.062  
| Philosophy of Cognitive Science | not Philosophy of Cognitive Science  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | ~0.9%| (~1/107)  
---|---  
| ~99%| (~106/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 6.5%| (54/824)  
---|---  
| 93.4%| (770/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.058   
  
xian:Hegel| 0.056  
| Hegel | not Hegel  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3.7%| (4/107)  
---|---  
| 96.2%| (103/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 1.4%| (12/824)  
---|---  
| 98.5%| (812/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.087   
  
AOS:Philosophy of Religion| 0.055  
| Philosophy of Religion | not Philosophy of Religion  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 8.4%| (9/107)  
---|---  
| 91.5%| (98/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 4.6%| (38/824)  
---|---  
| 95.3%| (786/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.093   
  
not AOS:General Philosophy of Science| 0.053  
| General Philosophy of Science | not General Philosophy of Science  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 5.6%| (6/107)  
---|---  
| 94.3%| (101/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 10.6%| (88/824)  
---|---  
| 89.3%| (736/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.106   
  
not AOS:Philosophy of Probability| 0.052  
| Philosophy of Probability | not Philosophy of Probability  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | ~0.9%| (~1/107)  
---|---  
| ~99%| (~106/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 2.3%| (19/824)  
---|---  
| 97.6%| (805/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.112   
  
AOS:Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy| 0.051  
| Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy | not Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3.7%| (4/107)  
---|---  
| 96.2%| (103/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 1.5%| (13/824)  
---|---  
| 98.4%| (811/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.119   
  
not AOS:Meta-Ethics| 0.05  
| Meta-Ethics | not Meta-Ethics  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 6.5%| (7/107)  
---|---  
| 93.4%| (100/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 11.5%| (95/824)  
---|---  
| 88.4%| (729/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.127   
  
### Background questions

Answer | Corrrelation coefficient  
---|---  
year_of_phd| -0.079  
| year_of_phd ≥ median | year_of_phd < median  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 41.6%| (35/84)  
---|---  
| 58.3%| (49/84)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 51.5%| (328/636)  
---|---  
| 48.4%| (308/636)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 720 p-value: 0.034   
  
not nationality_region:Other| 0.051  
| Other | not Other  
---|---  
17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 3.7%| (4/107)  
---|---  
| 96.2%| (103/107)  
---|---  
not 17th/18th Century Philosophy | | 8%| (66/824)  
---|---  
| 91.9%| (758/824)  
---|---  
  
Response pairs: 931 p-value: 0.119