# Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission

## Abstract

Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) is a multi-purpose experimental technique aimed at enhancing the science return of planetary missions. The technique exploits the science payload and spacecraft service systems without requiring a dedicated onboard instrumentation or imposing on the existing instrumentation any special for PRIDE requirements. PRIDE is based on the near-field phase-referencing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and evaluation of the Doppler shift of the radio signal transmitted by spacecraft by observing it with multiple Earth-based radio telescopes. The methodology of PRIDE has been developed initially at the Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) for tracking the ESA’s Huygens Probe during its descent in the atmosphere of Titan in 2005. From that point on, the technique has been demonstrated for various planetary and other space science missions. The estimates of lateral position of the target spacecraft are done using the phase-referencing VLBI technique. Together with radial Doppler estimates, these observables can be used for a variety of applications, including improving the knowledge of the spacecraft state vector. The PRIDE measurements can be applied to a broad scope of research fields including studies of atmospheres through the use of radio occultations, the improvement of planetary and satellite ephemerides, as well as gravity field parameters and other geodetic properties of interest, and estimations of interplanetary plasma properties. This paper presents the implementation of PRIDE as a component of the ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission.

Original language| English  
---|---  
Article number| 79  
Number of pages| 41  
Journal| Space Science Reviews  
Volume| 219  
Issue number| 8  
DOIs| 

  * https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1

  
Publication status| Published - 2023  
  
### Funding

The authors express their gratitude to the reviewers and editors for very useful comments, corrections and suggestions. The observing examples shown in this paper for PRIDE-style tracking of various spacecraft are based on observations conducted with the European VLBI Network (EVN), the AuScope facility, and the Long Baseline Array (LBA), and Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). The EVN is a joint facility of independent European, African, Asian, and North American radio astronomy institutes. The AuScope involvement in the presented here observations was enabled by Geoscience Australia and the Australian Government via the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). The LBA is operated as a National Facility, and managed by CSIRO and the University of Tasmania. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities. We are grateful to the ESA personnel for supporting PRIDE observations of the Mars Express and BepiColombo missions. We gratefully acknowledge the VLBI database of the Astrogeo Center maintained by Leonid Petrov (NASA GSFC) and his comments on the contents of the current paper. We thank Chris Phillips (CASS) for supporting PRIDE test observations at the Mopra radio telescope. J.F., S.F., and K.P. acknowledge the ESA PRODEX support (project PEA 4000136207). M.S.F acknowledges partial funding by ESA’s OSIP (Open Space Innovation Platform) program.

## Keywords

  * Doppler tracking
  * State vector determination
  * VLBI



##  Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. 

  * Interferometry Earth and Planetary Sciences 100%
  * Radio Earth and Planetary Sciences 100%
  * Experiment Earth and Planetary Sciences 100%
  * Natural Satellite Earth and Planetary Sciences 100%
  * Radio Interferometry Physics 100%
  * jupiter planet INIS 100%
  * moon INIS 100%
  * interferometry INIS 100%



## Cite this

Gurvits, L. I., Cimò, G., Dirkx, D., Pallichadath, V., Altobelli, N., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T. M., Cazaux, S. M., Vermeersen, B. L. A., & Visser, P. N. A. M. (2023). Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission. _Space Science Reviews_ , _219_(8), Article 79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1

Gurvits, Leonid I. ; Cimò, Giuseppe  ; Dirkx, Dominic et al. / **Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission**. In: Space Science Reviews. 2023 ; Vol. 219, No. 8.

@article{e5dbdf4d93ad4be6abee78eee70f1a90,

title = "Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission",

abstract = "Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) is a multi-purpose experimental technique aimed at enhancing the science return of planetary missions. The technique exploits the science payload and spacecraft service systems without requiring a dedicated onboard instrumentation or imposing on the existing instrumentation any special for PRIDE requirements. PRIDE is based on the near-field phase-referencing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and evaluation of the Doppler shift of the radio signal transmitted by spacecraft by observing it with multiple Earth-based radio telescopes. The methodology of PRIDE has been developed initially at the Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) for tracking the ESA{\textquoteright}s Huygens Probe during its descent in the atmosphere of Titan in 2005. From that point on, the technique has been demonstrated for various planetary and other space science missions. The estimates of lateral position of the target spacecraft are done using the phase-referencing VLBI technique. Together with radial Doppler estimates, these observables can be used for a variety of applications, including improving the knowledge of the spacecraft state vector. The PRIDE measurements can be applied to a broad scope of research fields including studies of atmospheres through the use of radio occultations, the improvement of planetary and satellite ephemerides, as well as gravity field parameters and other geodetic properties of interest, and estimations of interplanetary plasma properties. This paper presents the implementation of PRIDE as a component of the ESA{\textquoteright}s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission.",

keywords = "Doppler tracking, State vector determination, VLBI",

author = "Gurvits, {Leonid I.} and Giuseppe Cim{\\`o} and Dominic Dirkx and Vidhya Pallichadath and Nicolas Altobelli and Bocanegra-Bahamon, {Tatiana M.} and Cazaux, {St{\'e}phanie M.} and Vermeersen, {Bert L.A.} and Visser, {Pieter N.A.M.}",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1",

language = "English",

volume = "219",

journal = "Space Science Reviews",

issn = "0038-6308",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "8",

}

Gurvits, LI, Cimò, G, Dirkx, D, Pallichadath, V, Altobelli, N, Bocanegra-Bahamon, TM, Cazaux, SM, Vermeersen, BLA & Visser, PNAM 2023, 'Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission', _Space Science Reviews_ , vol. 219, no. 8, 79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1

**Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission.** / Gurvits, Leonid I.; Cimò, Giuseppe; Dirkx, Dominic et al.   
In: Space Science Reviews, Vol. 219, No. 8, 79, 2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission

AU - Gurvits, Leonid I.

AU - Cimò, Giuseppe

AU - Dirkx, Dominic

AU - Pallichadath, Vidhya

AU - Altobelli, Nicolas

AU - Bocanegra-Bahamon, Tatiana M.

AU - Cazaux, Stéphanie M.

AU - Vermeersen, Bert L.A.

AU - Visser, Pieter N.A.M.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) is a multi-purpose experimental technique aimed at enhancing the science return of planetary missions. The technique exploits the science payload and spacecraft service systems without requiring a dedicated onboard instrumentation or imposing on the existing instrumentation any special for PRIDE requirements. PRIDE is based on the near-field phase-referencing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and evaluation of the Doppler shift of the radio signal transmitted by spacecraft by observing it with multiple Earth-based radio telescopes. The methodology of PRIDE has been developed initially at the Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) for tracking the ESA’s Huygens Probe during its descent in the atmosphere of Titan in 2005. From that point on, the technique has been demonstrated for various planetary and other space science missions. The estimates of lateral position of the target spacecraft are done using the phase-referencing VLBI technique. Together with radial Doppler estimates, these observables can be used for a variety of applications, including improving the knowledge of the spacecraft state vector. The PRIDE measurements can be applied to a broad scope of research fields including studies of atmospheres through the use of radio occultations, the improvement of planetary and satellite ephemerides, as well as gravity field parameters and other geodetic properties of interest, and estimations of interplanetary plasma properties. This paper presents the implementation of PRIDE as a component of the ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission.

AB - Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) is a multi-purpose experimental technique aimed at enhancing the science return of planetary missions. The technique exploits the science payload and spacecraft service systems without requiring a dedicated onboard instrumentation or imposing on the existing instrumentation any special for PRIDE requirements. PRIDE is based on the near-field phase-referencing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and evaluation of the Doppler shift of the radio signal transmitted by spacecraft by observing it with multiple Earth-based radio telescopes. The methodology of PRIDE has been developed initially at the Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) for tracking the ESA’s Huygens Probe during its descent in the atmosphere of Titan in 2005. From that point on, the technique has been demonstrated for various planetary and other space science missions. The estimates of lateral position of the target spacecraft are done using the phase-referencing VLBI technique. Together with radial Doppler estimates, these observables can be used for a variety of applications, including improving the knowledge of the spacecraft state vector. The PRIDE measurements can be applied to a broad scope of research fields including studies of atmospheres through the use of radio occultations, the improvement of planetary and satellite ephemerides, as well as gravity field parameters and other geodetic properties of interest, and estimations of interplanetary plasma properties. This paper presents the implementation of PRIDE as a component of the ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission.

KW - Doppler tracking

KW - State vector determination

KW - VLBI

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178170109&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1

DO - 10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85178170109

SN - 0038-6308

VL - 219

JO - Space Science Reviews

JF - Space Science Reviews

IS - 8

M1 - 79

ER - 

Gurvits LI, Cimò G, Dirkx D, Pallichadath V, Altobelli N, Bocanegra-Bahamon TM et al. Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) of the JUICE Mission. Space Science Reviews. 2023;219(8):79. doi: 10.1007/s11214-023-01026-1