question

(a) write how parasites have evolved with adaptation to co-exist with their hosts in an ecosystem.

(b) parasites are host specific and tend to co-evolve. how would the parasite respond if the host evolves a certain mechanism to resist or reject the parasite?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a) loss of unnecessary sense organs andpresence of adhesive organs/suckers, loss of the digestive system, high reproductive capacity.

b) the parasite has to evolve a mechanism to counteract and neutralize them.