AGRIS - 

2021

N. N. Zezin | P. A. Postnikov

In the conditions of the Sverdlovsk region, spring wheat is the main grain crop, which occupies 40% in the grain wedge structure. The purpose of our study is to identify the effect of the weather factors and nutritional backgrounds on wheat productivity in field crop rotations. The study was carried out on dark gray forestry soil in the stationary trial of the Ural Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Ural Department of RAS. The object of study was the spring wheat variety ‘Krasnoufimskaya 100’, sown after various forecrops. The current paper has presented the results of the analysis of data on precipitation, average daily air temperature, STC according to some months, as well as the spring wheat productivity, depending on the moisture conditions and the background of nutrition. There has been identified that in the moisture years the growing season of spring wheat lasted 90 days, in the arid years it reduced on 10 days, and with moisture excess it was 102 days. All differences in the growing season length are mainly due to the length of the interphase period ‘heading – full ripeness’, which varied from 40 to 60 days depending on the year moisture conditions. When using mineral and organic fertilizers, the largest wheat grain yield (3.80–4.25 t/ha) was obtained with 1.62 units of STC in May-August. With insufficient moisture on an unfertilized nutritional background, the spring wheat productivity was not more than 1.4–1.6 t/ha, and under favorable hydrothermal conditions, it increased in 1.8–2.1 times compared to the arid conditions. The maximum intensity of grain formation in the interphase period ‘heading – full ripeness’ was identified under moderately moisture conditions.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2021

Aslanova, Sh.

The article shows the results of the study of the influence of environmental climatic conditions on the change in morphological, traits and yield of corn hybrids on the territory of the Zagatala Regional Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Agriculture. It was found that some abiotic factors (ambient temperature and absolute humidity, maximum and minimum air temperature indicators) have a certain effect on the yield of corn. The study of genotypes in terms of interaction with the external environment by environmental factors makes it possible to distinguish among them hybrids that can stably form optimal yields due to high individual adaptive mechanisms.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2021

Abulova, N. | Abdyrakhman uulu, K. | Kenzhaev, I.

The loudspeakers of thermal front are studied in the dried-out products in the Termika sunny drying setting of. An experimental stand is worked out for the study of dynamics of development of thermal front in the objects of drying, an experimental base is created for the conduct of experimental researches on the exposure of speed of distribution of temperature in the volume of object of drying. On the base of the created experimental stand experimental studies are undertaken in Termika, Individual SDS, and outdoors. Comparative data are got, characterizing the loud speakers of development of thermal front in the objects of drying. It is experimentally well-proven that presence of additional source of infrared in the chamber of drying as a metallic rib of perpendicular relatively overhead metallic sheet — heat-exchanger allows to promote speeds of drying.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2021

Прокопьев, Илья Андреевич | Слепцов, Игорь Витальевич | Порядина, Лена Николаевна

The study of the effect of temperature on the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites by lichens Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell and Cetraria laevigata Rass was carried out. Lichen samples were taken out from under the snow (-20 °C) together with the soil substrate and transferred to the climatic chamber. Then the temperature in the climatic chamber was sequentially increased to +10 and +20 °C. The lichen exposure was carried out for 30 days for each temperature regime. The analysis of primary metabolites was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was shown that in lichens F. cucullata and C. laevigata at temperatures of +10 and +20 °C, an increase in the content of mannitol, ribitol, sucrose, and hydroxyproline was observed, as well as a decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids as compared to the initial samples. At the same time, the content of glycerol and arabitol in the thalli of the initial lichens (-20 °C) was higher than after exposure at +10 and +20 °C, which, apparently, is associated with the cryoprotective properties of these compounds. The content of secondary metabolites in lichens was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the content of usnic, allo-protolichesterinic, and protolichesterinic acids in F. cucullata increased after exposure in a climatic chamber, which may be associated with a general activation of metabolic processes with an increase in temperature. At the same time, the content of fumarprotocetraric acid in C. laevigata lichens decreased at temperatures of +10 and +20 °C compared to the initial samples, which may be associated with its protective properties under the action of low-temperature stress. | Проведено исследование влияния температуры в камеральных условиях на накопление первичных и вторичных метаболитов лишайниками Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell и Cetraria laevigata Rass. Образцы лишайников извлекали из-под снега (-20 °С) вместе с почвенным субстратом и переносили в климатическую камеру. После чего последовательно повышали температуру в климатической камере до +10 и +20 °С. Экспозиция лишайников проводилась в течение 30 дней для каждого температурного режима. Анализ первичных метаболитов проводили методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии. Показано, что у лишайников F. cucullata и C. laevigata при температурах +10 и +20 °С наблюдалось повышение содержания маннитола, рибитола, сахарозы и гидроксипролина, а также снижение содержания ненасыщенных жирных кислот по сравнению с исходными образцами. В то же время содержание глицерина и арабитола в талломах исходных лишайников (-20 °С) было выше, чем после экспозиции при +10 и +20 °С, что, по-видимому, связно с криопротекторными свойствами данных соединений. Содержание вторичных метаболитов в лишайниках определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Показано, что содержание усниновой, алло-протолихестериновой и протолихестериновой кислот в лишайниках F. cucullata после экспозиции в климатической камере возрастало, что может быть связано с общей активацией метаболических процессов при повышении температуры. В то же время содержание фумарпротоцетраровой кислоты в лишайниках C. laevigata снижалось при температурах +10 и +20 °С по сравнению с исходными образцами, что может быть связано с ее защитными свойствами при действии низкотемпературного стресса.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2021

Dochkina, Yu.N. | Korchagin, V.I. | Plyakina, A.A.

Качество биологической очистки сточных вод напрямую зависит не только от концентрации загрязняющих веществ, но и от состояния биоценоза активного ила. Оценка состояния активного ила осуществляется по двум группам критериев: гидрохимическим (массовая концентрация, иловый индекс, скорость оседания) и гидробиологическим (видовое разнообразие, активность, количество микроорганизмов). На показатели жизнедеятельности активного ила влияет ряд факторов. Недостаточно изученным является влияние уровня рН и температуры стоков на гидробиологические и гидрохимические характеристики биоценоза. Цель работы - изучение влияния сточных вод с различными рН = 3, 5, 8, 9 10 и температурой t = 5, 10, 30, 40 град. С на гидрохимические и гидробиологические показатели. В результате исследований установлено: при рН = 3, 5, 10 наблюдается падение массовой концентрации ниже 2,5 г/дм3, а иловый индекс повышается более чем до 200 см3/г; гидробиологический анализ подтверждает ухудшение состояния активного ила в части критического снижения видового разнообразия. При воздействии на биоценоз стоков с температурой t = 5 град. С наблюдается быстрое снижение массовой концентрации до критических значений менее 1 г/дм3, в то же время иловый индекс падает, а скорость оседания возрастает. В среде с температурой t = 40 град. С наблюдается вспухание биоценоза с повышением илового индекса и снижением скорости оседания. Гидрохимические показатели состояния активного ила находятся в допустимых диапазонах при значениях рН = 5-9 и температуре стоков t = 10-30 град. С. | The quality of biological wastewater treatment directly depends not only on the pollutant concentrations, but also on the state of biocoenosis presenting in activated sludge. The assessment of activated sludge state is carried out according to two groups of criteria, namely hydrochemical (mass concentration, sludge index, sedimentation rate) and hydrobiological (species diversity, activity, number of microorganisms) ones. A number of factors affect vital functions of activated sludge. The influence of pH level and temperature of effluents on the hydrobiological and hydrochemical characteristics of the biocenosis is studied insufficiently. The aim of the work is to study the effect of wastewater with different pH = 3, 5, 8, 9 10 and temperatures t = 5, 10, 30, 40 deg. C on hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators. As a result of the research, it was established that at pH = 3; 5; 10 the mass concentration decreases below 2.5 g/dm3, and the sludge index rises to more than 200 cm3/g. Hydrobiological analysis confirms the deterioration of activated sludge state in terms of a critical decrease in species diversity. A rapid decrease in the mass concentration to critical values of less than 1 g/dm3 is observed when biocoenosis is exposed to effluents with a temperature of t = 5 deg. C. At the same time, the sludge index decreases, and the sedimentation rate increases. In the medium with a temperature of t = 40 deg C, the swelling of the biocenosis is observed accompanying with an increase in the sludge index and decrease in the sedimentation rate. The hydrochemical indices of activated sludge are in permissible limits at рН = 5-9 and wastewater temperature t = 10-30 deg. C.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Z. V. Lovkis | A. I. Grigel | З. В. Ловкис | А. И. Григель

The article is devoted to the topic of pasta and such technological processes of their production as kneading pasta dough, pressing or forming pasta, drying finished products. The characteristic features and defining parameters for each of the processes are described. The main parameters that affect the quality of the finished product for the technological process of kneading the dough are humidity, temperature and the process of vacuuming the dough, for the process of forming pasta – pressing pressure and humidity of the dough, for the drying process-temperature, speed and humidity of the drying air. The character of the dough movement in the screw chamber and the pressing head during the molding of pasta is described, the drying process of pasta is considered, the drying curve of pasta is shown. | Статья посвящена теме макаронных изделий и таким технологическим процессам их производства, как замес макаронного теста, прессование или формование макаронных изделий, сушке готовых изделий. Описаны характерные особенности и определяющие параметры для каждого из процессов. Основными параметрами, влияющими на качество готового продукта, для технологического процесса замеса теста являются влажность, температура и процесс вакуумирования теста, для процесса формования макаронных изделий – давление прессования и влажность теста, для процесса сушки – температура, скорость движения и влажность сушильного воздуха.Описан характер движения теста в шнековой камере и прессующей головке во время формования макаронных изделий, рассмотрен процесс сушки макаронных изделий, приведена кривая сушки макаронных изделий.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2021

O. Titova | N. Zhabanos | N. Furik | T. Savelyeva | О. А. Титова | Н. К. Жабанос | Н. Н. Фурик | Т. А. Савельева

The article analyzes the quality characteristics of dry concentrated starter cultures for cottage cheese and sour cream production at different temperatures of fermentation. Graphic dependencies reflecting the character of the change in active acidity of the milk raw material fermented by the studied starter cultures are given. The characteristics of the obtained coagulate depending on the fermentation temperature are analyzed. It was found that an increase in the fermentation temperature from 26 ° C to 39 ° C leads to an increase of fermenting and acid-forming activity, but there was a decrease in the gas- and aromaproducing ability of starter cultures for cottage cheese production with fermentation in the temperature range (37–39)ºC. | В статье приведен анализ качественных характеристик сухих концентрированных заквасок для изготовления творога и сметаны при различной температуре ферментации. Приведены графические зависимости, отражающие характер изменения активной кислотности ферментируемого молочного сырья изученными заквасками. Осуществлен анализ характеристик получаемого сгустка в зависимости от температуры ферментации. Установлено, что повышение температуры ферментации с 26ºС до 39ºС приводит к усилению сквашивающей и кислотообразующей активности, однако при ферментации в диапазоне температур (37–39)ºС отмечено снижение газо- и ароматобразующей способности заквасок для изготовления творога.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2021

S. V. Poloz | S. M. Degtyarik | G. V. Slobodnitskaya | I. I. Strelchenya | С. В. Полоз | С. М. Дегтярик | Г. В. Слободницкая | И. И. Стрельченя

Biochemical and immunobiological studies of blood samples from cyprinids, age-sex and size-weight analysis showed the presence of changes characteristic of stress. The study of cyprinids in aquaculture has established that the influence of stress of various origins on the resistance of fish and fish-breeding indicators is a current urgent problem, the solution of which is important both for assessing the reproductive potential of fish and for developing measures to eliminate the negative consequences of stress. When assessing the state of the experimental group of carp, taking into account body weight and length, it was found that their values are influenced by the temperature of the aquatic envi- ronment. The dependence of the level of cortisol and total protein of carp blood serum on sex, age, stocking density, temperature of the aquatic environment and the rate of its increase is shown. | Биохимическое и иммунобиологическое исследование проб крови карповых рыб, проведение половозрастного и размерно-весового анализа показало наличие изменений, характерных для стрессового воздействия. Обследование карповых рыб в условиях аквакультуры установило, что влияние стресса различного происхождения на устойчивость рыб и рыбоводные показатели является современной актуальной проблемой, решение которой имеет значение как для оценки репродуктивного потенциала рыб, так и для разработки мер по устранению негативных последствий стресса. При оценке состояния экспериментальной группы карпа с учетом массы и длины тела установлено, что на их величины влияет температура водной среды. Показана зависимость уровня кортизола и общего белка сыворотки крови карпа от пола, возраста, плотности посадки, температуры водной среды и скорости ее повышения.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2021

Ирина КОЛОМИЕЦ

<strong>ECHILIBRU TERMIC AL COROLELOR PLANTELOR SUPERIOARE</strong>În lucrarea a fost studiată distribuția fluxurilor de căldură ale radiației solare cu corola model de culoare roșie, galbenă și albastră. S-a constatat că corolele albastre absorb mai puțină energie solară decât corolele roșii, ceea ce confirmă existența unei convergențe geografice și sezoniere a colorării corolelor. Speciile cu corola albastră sunt mai adaptate la temperaturi scăzute, în timp ce cele cu corola roșie sunt mai adaptate la temperaturi ridicate. <strong>HEAT BALANCE OF COROLLAS OF VASCULAR PLANTS </strong>This study focused on the distribution of heat fluxes of solar radiation with model corollas of red, yellow and blue colours. It was found that blue corollas absorb less solar energy than red corollas, which confirms the existence of a geographic and seasonal convergence of corolla coloration. The species with a blue corolla are more adapted to low temperatures, while those with a red corolla are more adapted to high temperatures.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2021

Z. Z. Finenko | I. M. Mansurova | I. V. Kovalyova | E. Yu. Georgieva

The analysis of phytoplankton in the winter-spring period is important for investigating peculiarities of its annual dynamics and the Black Sea ecosystem overall functioning. Phytoplankton state in the winter-spring period in the Black Sea shelf zone is less studied than that of the summer-autumn season; conducting such a research is especially important for solving several problems, related to the productivity of the last links of the food chain, the formation of water hydrochemical regime, and the carbon cycle in the sea. The aim of the work is to assess the effect of seasonal conditions on the development of phytoplankton and its production estimates in the winter-spring period in the coastal waters of Crimea. The article presents the results of studies of hydrophysical (water temperature, density, and relative transparency) and biological indicators (chlorophyll a concentration, its fluorescence, taxonomic composition, and phytoplankton production estimates) in the Black Sea shelf zone in January – April 2016–2019. The studies were carried out at 50 stations, located in the coastal waters of Crimea from the Karkinitsky Bay to the Kerch Strait. Chlorophyll a concentration was measured by the standard fluorometric method, species composition was determined by microscopy, and phytoplankton specific growth rate was calculated according to the previously developed model. In winter (January – February), the values of chlorophyll a content and upper mixed layer depth were the highest (0.42–0.52 mg·m−3 and 44–58 m, respectively); in spring (March – April) they were 2–3 times lower. In January – February, the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W. W. Hay & H. P. Mohler, 1967 predominated; in March – April, in different years, either dinoflagellates and diatoms or coccolithophores, dinoflagellates, and diatoms prevailed. In winter, chlorophyll a vertical distribution at most stations was uniform; in spring, unimodal profiles with a depth maximum prevailed, the location of which was not related to temperature and density gradients. Relative changes in chlorophyll a concentration and fluorescence with depth were usually the same. Phytoplankton production and daily production/biomass ratio (P/B) increased from winter to spring. There was no correlation between the values of integral production, biomass, and maximum specific growth rate of algae. Maximum specific growth rate was the least variable indicator. During the winter-spring period, algae in the photosynthetic zone divided on average once every 2–5 days.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden