AGRIS - 

2023

V. M. Kuznetsov

Genotypes of the 11 DNA microsatellite loci of 84 bulls of seven breeds were used to evaluate 14 indicators of allelic diversity/differentiation. Traditional and multidimensional statistical methods were applied to the data matrices from the original and transformed estimates (11×14). Estimates of heterozygosity had coefficients of variability of 8-14 %, the number of alleles per locus and indicators of differentiation of breeds at the level of 20-26 %, fixation indices – 38-44 %. Statistically significant Kendall correlations (0.8-1.0) between indicators of allelic richness and heterozygosity, fixation indices, and differentiation indicators were established. The variability of the transformed estimates of diversity/differentiation indicators by loci was in the range of 6-32 %. Including by loci Eth3, Tgla122, Eth225, Bm2113 – 6-12 %, loci Inra23, Tgla126, Eth10 – 15-20 %, loci Tgla227, Sps115, Tgla53, Bm1824 – 28-32 %. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test showed statistically significant differences in the medians of the Eth3 locus with the Bm2113 locus, the Tgla126 locus with the Eth3, Inra23, Tgla122, Eth225, Bm2113, Bm1824, Eth10 loci. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified two components with a total information content of 95,2 %. The first one took into account 59.4 % of the total variance, had the highest loads in intra-breed diversity data and was defined as an «alpha component». The second accounted for 35.8 % of the total variance, had the highest loads in inter-breed differentiation data and was defined as a «beta component». 2D-PCA-ordination showed that a characteristic grouping of loci took place for the analyzed breeds (samples), loci and measures of diversity. Loci Tgla227 and Tgla53 formed group A, group B – loci Tgla122, Eth225, Eth10, group C – loci Inra23, Bm2113 and Bm1824. The loci of the conditional group D (Eth3, Tgla126, Sps115) were defined as «untypical». Validation of ordination was confirmed by calculations on reduced data (dimension 11×7) and the method of non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). The consistency of ordinations according to the Procrust test was 96 % (pperm <0.001). A similar classification of loci was obtained by cluster analysis (UPGMA) with butstrap probabilities of cluster: A – 73, B – 100, C – 73, D – 47 %. The distances and similarity indicators (S) between the profiles of loci and the «true» summary estimates for 11 loci were calculated. Loci Tgla126 and Sps115 had S ≈ 40 %, loci Tgla53 and Bm1824 – at the level of 60 %, loci Inra23, Tgla227 and Bm2113 – 70-75 %, loci Eth3, Tgla122, Eth225 and Eth10 – 84-88 %. The average absolute deviation of the estimates of diversity indicators for the four loci with S≥84 % from the «true» estimates was 3.4 %, for the four loci with S≤60 % – 12.4 %. According to component scores, a general diversity index, γLV, was calculated for each locus. Its correlation with the estimates of the Shannon/Sherwin′s γ-diversity with a 95 % probability value was in the range of 0.73-0.98, Kendall's rank correlation was  0.67 (pvalue = 0.005). The conducted research makes a certain contribution to the expansion of tools for processing molecular genetic data in the analysis of allelic diversity in subdivided populations.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2023

O. I. Zakharova | O. A. Burova | I. V. Iashin | A. A. Blokhin

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers brucellosis to be one of the most dangerous and spread zoonosis in the world. The aim of the review is to summarize the current scientific data on the brucellosis in animals, to analyze the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation, Arctic Zone included, and to define the key factors of animal protection against the infection. The epizootic situation for brucellosis in farm animals, which are carriers of the three main pathogens of  brucellosis, is an urgent epidemiological problem. Their widespread occurrence is the factor determining the world-wide distribution of pathogens in most countries that indicates for the importance of control the brucellosis on an international scale. In Russia, a high epizootic risk of the spread of the disease is observed in the regions of the Volga, Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts, in southern Siberia and Far East as well as in the Arctic. Brucellosis has the same epizootic and epidemiological significance in the Arctic regions considering the national food preferences of the peoples of the Far North. In the Russian Arctic, epizootic foci of brucellosis in cattle and reindeer have been identified and evidence of the epidemiological significance and ecological association of B. suis with the reindeer population has been presented. Specific prophylaxis of brucellosis is based on the use of vaccines. However, the problem of reindeer vaccination has not been finally resolved.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2023

Зарипов О.Г.

Целью данной работы была оценка частот встречаемости аллельных полиморфизмов генов SCD1 (Стерол-КoA десатураза) и AGPAT6 (1-Ацилглицерин-3-фосфат-O-ацилтрансфераза) и взаимосвязи с показателями продуктивности (удой, содержание жира и белка) животных и жирокислотным составом молока. Исследования проводились на коровах голштинизированной черно-пестрой породы опытного хозяйства (n=310). Аллельный полиморфизм генов SCD1 и AGPAT6 оценивался с применением полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. Частоты аллелей Т и С гена SCD1 rs41255693, составили 0,17 и 0,83, соответственно, а частоты аллелей G и Т гена AGPAT6 rs 211250281 составили 0,54 и 0,46 соответственно. Достоверные различия по уровню суточного удоя от генотипов получены не были. Аллель С гена SCD1 и аллель G гена AGPAT6, оказывали положительное влияние (Р≤0.001) содержание жира в молоке. По содержанию жирных кислот, животные с генотипами СТ и СС гена SCD1 превосходили животных с генотипом ТТ (Р≤0.001), за исключением транс-изомеров жирных кислот, где наблюдалась обратная ситуация. В случае с геном AGPAT6 преобладание жирных кислот наблюдалось у генотипов GG и GT, кроме транс-изомеров, где минимальные значения были у генотипа GT.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2023

Ирина Рашидовна Тлецерук | Нина Владимировна Коник | Владимир Владимирович Голембовский | Мурат Борисович Улимбашев

Цель исследования – изучить динамику численности основных видов сельскохозяйственных животных и произведенную продукцию, полученную от них на юге России. Поставленная в исследовании цель изучалась с использованием специальной научной литературы по анализируемой проблеме, официальных статистических данных Росстата, периодическихе изданий. В России в период с 2021 по 2022 гг. поголовье крупного рогатого скота сократилось на 161 тыс. гол., овец и коз – на 128,1 тыс. при одновременном увеличении свиней на 1413,2 тыс. гол. Следует отметить, что южные территории страны увеличили поголовье крупного рогатого скота страны за анализируемый период в среднем на 0,1-1,0%, причем наибольшим ростом характеризовался Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ. Обращает на себя внимание факт увеличения на Северном Кавказе поголовья овец и коз в среднем на 175 тыс. гол., тогда как в регионах Южного федерального округа оно снизилось на 63 тыс. гол. На долю этих округов в 2022 г. приходилось 13523,7 тыс. гол. овец и коз, что составляло 65% от всей численности этих животных в стране. Больший прирост свинопоголовья был характерен для Северо-Кавказского федерального округа – 4,1% против 0,7% в Южном федеральном округе. В Российской Федерации имело место увеличение производства молока крупного рогатого скота на 657,9 тыс. т, или 5,0%, в Южном федеральном округе – на 115,4 тыс. т, или 9,8%, в Северо-Кавказском – на 33,9 тыс. т, или 20,5%, куриных яиц – на 1424,4 млн шт., или 4,4%, 636,7 млн шт., или 29,3%, 22,3 млн шт., или 10,6% соответственно. Мониторинг численности сельскохозяйственных животных и производимой животноводческой продукции свидетельствует, что практически по всем параметрам регионы, расположенные на юге страны, вносят определенный, а по ряду позиций существенный, вклад в обеспечение населения наиболее важными продуктами животноводства. | The research goal is to study the number dynamics of main farm animal species and the products obtained from them in the Southern Russia. The goal set in the research was achieved by using special scientific literature on the problem, official statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service periodicals. In Russia, from 2021 through 2022, cattle stock decreased by 161 thousand heads, sheep and goats - by 128.1 thousand heads, while the pig stock increased by 1413.2 thousand heads. It should be emphasized that the southern regions of the country increased the cattle stock over the studied period approximately by 0.1-1.0%, while the North Caucasian Federal District was characterized by the largest increase. It should be taken into consideration that the number of sheep and goats increased by an average of 175 thousand heads in the North Caucasus, while in the regions of the Southern Federal District, the stock decreased by 63 thousand heads. These regions accounted for 13,523.7 thousand heads of sheep and goats in 2022 which accounted for 65% of the total stock of these animals in the country. A greater increase of pig stock was characteristic of the North Caucasian Federal District - 4.1% as opposed to 0.7% in the Southern Federal District. In the Russian Federation, there was the increase of cow milk production by 657.9 thousand tons, or 5.0%; in the Southern Federal District - by 115.4 thousand tons, or 9.8%; in the North Caucasus Federal District - by 33.9 thousand tons, or 20.5%; chicken eggs - by 1424.4 million eggs, or 4.4%, and 636.7 million eggs, or 29.3%, 22.3 million eggs, or 10.6%, respectively. The monitoring the livestock numbers and livestock products testifies that the regions located in the south of the country make a certain, and in a number of positions, significant contribution to providing the population with the most important livestock products.

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Altai State Agricultural University - Russian Federation

2023

Baranova, I.A.

The identification of a relationship between the animal's body type and genotypic and phenotypic features will allow carrying out a comprehensive assessment of animals by breeding value and production type, their health and prospects for use. An important component of the comprehensive assessment is the animal exterior indicators determination. Currently, contact and noncontact methods of determining animal measurements in animal science are used. However, the analyzed methods at practical application have disadvantages. A new approach to exterior assessment is presented. The exterior's parameters by animal image processing with photographing and using a depth sensor (in this case, StructureSensor 3D) were determined. The body's main measurements, such as height at the withers, chest depth, chest width, hips width, straight length of the hip area, straight length of the body, cannon bone circumference, rump length, loins depth, pin bone width were measured in production conditions. They were determined accurate within 1 mm and to a precision close to 2%. On the basis of the animal measurements obtained formulas for calculating body type indexes were developed, that make it possible to identify the animal exterior-and-constitutional type. Given the high degree of correlation between the exterior parameters and milk production, exterior parameters and live weight, the calculated body type indexes are a basis for predicting milk and meat productivity in cattle. | Выявление взаимосвязи типа телосложения, генотипических и фенотипических особенностей животного позволит провести комплексную оценку животных по племенной ценности и производственному типу, их здоровью и перспективам использования. Важной составляющей комплексной оценки является определение экстерьерных показателей животного. В настоящее время в зоотехнии применяют контактные и бесконтактные способы определения промеров животных. Однако проанализированные методы имеют недостатки в применении на практике. Представлен новый подход к оценке экстерьера. Определены параметры экстерьера методом обработки изображений животных, полученных путем фотографирования с использованием сенсора глубины (в данном случае - StructureSensor 3D). Основные промеры тела, такие, как высота в холке, глубина груди, ширина груди, ширина в маклоках, прямая длина тазобедренной области, прямая длина туловища, обхват пясти, длина крестца, глубина в пояснице, ширина в седалищных буграх, были измерены в условиях производства. Они были определены с точностью до 1 мм и погрешностью, близкой к 2%. На основе полученных промеров животного были разработаны формулы вычисления индексов типа телосложения, которые позволяют выявить экстерьерно-конституциональный тип животного. Учитывая высокую степень корреляции между экстерьерными параметрами и молочной продуктивностью, экстерьерными параметрами и живой массой, вычисленные индексы типа телосложения лежат в основе прогнозирования мясной и молочной продуктивности крупного рогатого скота.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Dvoeglazov, N.G. | Agarkova, T.A. | Osipova, N.A. | Mager, S.N.

The dynamics and efficiency of health promotion were studied on the example of 2 farms similar in economic and production and technological characteristics situated in the Novosibirsk region. The data on leukemia at the time of the beginning of active health promotion and the results after several years were presented. The infection rates of the livestock by different age groups and in different sectors of the studied farms were analyzed for 2017-2022. The infection rate of cows on the farms tended to decrease slightly from 2017 to 2019 and was in the range of 8-4%. The infection rate of the heifers was 5-12%. Registration of new cases of serology response in the group of the calves in farm No. 1 decreased from 9.9 to 4.9%, in farm No. 2 - from 14.2 to 7.1%. The positive dynamics of implementation of the sanitation plan using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serological diagnosis was shown. After switching from the immunodiffusion test in agar gel (IDT) to ELISA and its first use, the number of newly detected animals increased in all age groups in both farms compared to the previous period. In subsequent studies, the percentage of new cases decreased significantly. Physical separation of the groups of animals with different statuses, placing them in different sections and clear control with immediate exclusion of infected animals from the production process led to a noticeable improvement in the epizootic situation on the farm. The sanitation work is delayed, in particular, untimely separation of animals into groups after serological diagnosis and establishment of their infection status. Complete replacement of infected cattle in unhealthy herds or sectors by groups of serology-negative animals can significantly reduce the sanitation period, especially at the final stage. | Изучены динамика и эффективность проведения оздоровительной работы на примере двух аналогичных по экономическим и производственно-технологическим характеристикам хозяйств Новосибирской области. Приведены данные обстановки по лейкозу на момент начала активной оздоровительной работы и результаты через несколько лет. Проанализированы показатели инфицированности поголовья по разным возрастным группам и на разных отделениях изучаемых хозяйств за 2017–2022 гг. Уровень инфицированности коров в хозяйствах с 2017 по 2019 г. имел тенденцию к незначительному снижению и находился в диапазоне 8–4%. Уровень инфицированности телок составил 5–12%. Регистрация новых случаев реагирования по серологии в группе телят в хозяйстве № 1 снизилась от 9,9 до 4,9%, в хозяйстве № 2 – от 14,2 до 7,1%. Показана положительная динамика реализации плана по оздоровлению с применением для серологической диагностики иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). После перехода с реакции иммуннодиффузии в геле агара (РИД) на ИФА и первого его применения число вновь выявленных животных увеличилось во всех возрастных группах в обоих хозяйствах по сравнению с предыдущим периодом. В последующих исследованиях процент новых случаев значительно снизился. Физическое разделение групп животных с разным статусом, размещение их на разных отделениях и четкий контроль с моментальным исключением из производственного процесса инфицированных животных привело к заметному улучшению эпизоотической ситуации в хозяйстве. Оздоровительную работу замедляет, в частности, несвоевременное разделение животных на группы после проведения серологической диагностики и установления их статуса по инфекции. Проведение полной замены инфицированного крупного рогатого скота в неблагополучных стадах или отделениях группами животных, отрицательных по серологии, позволяет значительно сокращать сроки оздоровления, особенно на завершающем этапе.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Novikov V.V.

This article presents the results of a comparison of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters of clinically healthy cows and cows with signs of infectious rhinotracheitis. As a result of the research, it was found that in animals with signs of IR compared to clinically healthy animals in the study of haematological parameters, a higher level of leukocytes, stab neutrophils and monocytes and a low level of eosinophils and segmented neutrophils are observed. In the study of biochemical and immunological parameters, animals with clinical IR showed higher levels of β-globulins and immunoglobulins G and M and lower levels of calcium, phosphorus, immunoglobulin A, bactericidal and lysosomal activity, compared with similar indicators in clinically healthy livestock.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2023

P. P. Krasochko | K. V. Kolesnikovich | П. П. Красочко | К. В. Колесникович

The analysis of literature sources concerning respiratory syncytial infection of cattle is carried out.Respiratory syncytial infection is one of the causes of respiratory diseases of cattle worldwide. It is registered in countries with an intensive type of animal husbandry. The frequency of damage to meat and dairy cattle can reach more than 50 %. | Проведен анализ литературных источников, описывающих респираторно-синцитиальную инфекцию крупного рогатого скота.Респираторно-синцитиальная инфекция – одна из причин респираторных заболеваний крупного рогатого скота во всем мире. Регистрируется в странах с интенсивным типом ведения животноводства. Частота поражения мясного и молочного скота может достигать 50 % и больше.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

V. I. Khalak | B. V. Gutyj | O. V. Denysiuk

The paper presents the study results of the indicators of individual development of Ukrainian gray, Ukrainian meat, and light Aquitaine breeds, biochemical indicators of blood serum, and also calculated the level of correlations between traits. The research was carried out at the State Enterprise “Experimental Farm “Polyvanivka” and the Animal Husbandry Laboratory of the State Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, as well as the testing center of the Institute of Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The work was carried out following the program of scientific research No. 31, “Genetic improvement of agricultural animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity. (Genetics, preservation, and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry)”, the task “To identify population-genetic regularities of the biological diversity of the isolated gene pool of the autochthonous gray Ukrainian breed of cattle”. The evaluation of young cattle of the specified breeds was carried out taking into account the following indicators: live weight at the time of birth, at the age of 6 and 12 months, average daily increase in live weight for the following periods: time of birth – 6 months, 6 months – 12 months. The “formation intensity” index was calculated according to this method of Yu. K. Svichin (1985), biometric processing of the research results – according to the methods of V. P. Kovalenko and others. (2010), S. S. Kramarenko and others. (2019). Total protein content, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were studied in blood serum. It has been established that the biochemical parameters of blood serum in bulls of Ukrainian gray, Ukrainian meat, and light Aquitaine breeds correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. According to the indicators of the live weight of Ukrainian gray, Ukrainian meat, and light Aquitaine breeds of bulls at the age of 12 months, the minimum requirements of the elite class prevail by 2.2–4.8 %; at the age of 6 months, this indicator ranges from -3.8 (gray Ukrainian bulls) to +7.2 % (light Aquitan bulls). The average daily gain in live weight in animals of the studied breeds during the period of rearing from birth to 6 months of age and from birth to 12 months of age varies from 830.1 to 1052.4 g. The “formation intensity” index of Ukrainian Gray Bulls is 0.899 ± 0.0210, Ukrainian meat – 0.961 ± 0.0393 and light Aquitaine – 1.008 ± 0.0417 points. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of gray Ukrainian, Ukrainian meat, and light Aquitaine bulls vary from +0.241 (K1, live weight of Ukrainian beef bulls at birth) to +0.838 (K2, live weight of light Aquitan bulls at 12 months of age ). The coefficient of pairwise correlation between biochemical parameters of blood serum and live weight of Ukrainian gray, Ukrainian meat, and light Aquitaine breeds ranges from –0.921 ± 0.1377 to +0.738 ± 0.2384. This indicates the possibility of using total protein content, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity for the early prediction of the live weight of animals of the studied genotypes.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2022

M. Abed Alhussen | A. A. Nesterov | A. V. Sprygin | I. N. Shumilova | M. S. Bryantseva | O. P. Byadovskaya

Mycoplasma bovis is considered one of bovine mycoplasmosis pathogens responsible for respiratory diseases, mastitis, arthritis and keratoconjunctivitis. The paper presents results of the study on optimizing the component composition of the culture medium for Mycoplasma bovis “Kaluga 2020” isolate, as well as the study of this pathogen’s growth stages. The color-changing units assay and the culture method combined with colony-forming unit quantification were used for determination of Mycoplasma activity. It was found that when cultured in an optimized nutrient medium based on modified Hayflick broth, the microorganism enters a logarithmic growth phase after first 24 hours ofgrowth, in 72 hours the Mycoplasma culture enters astability phase, and adecline phase is recorded in 84 hours. The effect of percentage content of glucose, fresh yeast extract and horse serum in the nutrient medium on accumulation of Mycoplasma bovis “Kaluga2020” isolate was evaluated using the one-factor-at-a-time approach. It was found that the greatest effect on Mycoplasma accumulation was exerted by such growth factors as fresh yeast extract and horse serum in the nutrient medium (p < 0.05), while changes in the amount of glucose did not stimulate Mycoplasma bovis growth. Based on results of the conducted studies, the appropriate composition was determined and the optimal content of growth factors in the medium for culturing Mycoplasma bovis “Kaluga 2020” isolate was selected: 12.5%of fresh yeast extract and 25% of horse serum. The use of the optimized nutrient medium based on modified Hayflick broth allowed 5-fold increase in accumulation of Mycoplasma biomass (3.98 × 109CFU/ml)compared to the standard medium (0.79 × 109CFU/ml).

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden