AGRIS - 

2013

Burkov, P.V. | Shcherbakov, P.N., Ural State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Chelyabinsk Region

The chronic toxicity of the drug "Geprim dlya kur" (Geprim for chickens - GC) was under study. GC is an effective cytotoxins containing preparation for hepatosis prevention. Effect of GC on hematological, biochemical, and some indices of natural resistance of laboratory animals (mice and rats) has been explored. The drug was administered for 7 days once a day subcutaneous and intraperitoneal in dosage of 0.5-5.0 ml. The monitoring of the animals was conducted for 30 days from the start of the experiment. In the last day of the experiment 5 animals from each group were decapitated and blood samples were taken to reveal the hematologic (red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin), biochemical indices (total protein, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and natural resistance indices (bactericidal and lysozymic activity of blood serum). It was found that GC with repeated subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration into the body of white mice and rats in high doses does not cause intoxication and death of the animals. GC drug when administered to experimental animals significantly enhanced a humoral link of non-specific immunity, in particular, a bactericidal activity of blood serum. This index was by 16.4-23.9% more in experimental group as compared to the control. Lyzocyme activity of blood serum in experimental group was decreased by 7.7-9.5%. | Исследовали хроническую токсичность препарата "Геприм для кур" (ГК) - высокоэффективного препарата для профилактики гепатозов, содержащего цитотоксины. Изучали влияние препарата на гематологические, биохимические и некоторые показатели естественной резистентности лабораторных животных (мышей и крыс). Препарат вводили на протяжении 7 дней подкожно и внутрибрюшинно один раз в день в количестве от 0,5 до 5 мл. Наблюдение за животными вели в течение 30 дней с момента начала опыта. В последние сутки опыта по 5 животных из каждой группы убивали декапитацией и производили забор крови для определения гематологических (количество эритроцитов, лейкоцитов и гемоглобина), биохимических показателей (количество общего белка, глюкозы, холестерина, аспартатаминотрансферазы и аланинаминотрансферазы) и показателей естественной резистентности: бактерицидной и лизоцимной активности сыворотки крови. Установлено, что ГК при многократном подкожном и внутрибрюшинном введении в организм белых мышей и крыс в повышенных дозах не вызывает интоксикации и гибели животных. ГК при применении подопытным животным значительно усиливает гуморальное звено неспецифического иммунитета, в частности бактерицидную активность сыворотки крови, которая в опытных группах была на 16,4-23,9% выше, чем в контроле. Лизоцимная активность сыворотки в опытных группах снизилась на 7,7-9,5%.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Butov, A.V. | Boeva, O.Yu., Elets State Univ.

The influence of vehicle exhaust gases on the quality of potato tubers was studied. The investigation was carried out in 2010-1012 in Lipetsk region. Potato was grown on leached chernozem. Tuber samples were selected on plots placed 50, 100 and 500 meters apart federal road M-4 "Don". Additionally the field experiment with four variants of fertilization was carried out: the control without fertilizers, N30P60K30, N60P90K60 (the standard recommended for the zone), N90P135K90. The plot was 50 m apart the road. The vegetation period in 2010 was anomalously hot and dry, in 2011 it was relatively favorable, in 2012 it was optimal for growth and development of potato plants. In 2011 at a distance 50 m of the road the concentration of heavy metals in potato tubers was (mg/kg): lead – 0.034 (MPC is 0.5), cadmium – 0.005 (MPC is 0.03), copper – 0.640, zinc – 3.074 (content of copper and zinc is not standardized). At a distance 100 m of the road the content of these heavy metals was far less, and at the distance 500 m it was entirely insignificant or trace. In the field experiment on the average for 3 years the yield of potato was 11.4 t/ha without fertilizers and 15.3-22.3 t/ha against the background of different doses of NPK. The accumulation of nitrates in tubers grew with an increase in fertilizer dose and was 21.7 mg/kg (in the control) to 114.3 mg/kg on the average. It was about 30% higher than with the cultivation of potato far from the road. It was made a conclusion, that for cultivation of potato, which can be considered as ecologically safe and can be used in children's and dietetic nutrition, plants should be placed not nearer than 100 m of large highways, and the dose of nitrogen in the composition of complex mineral fertilizer should not exceed 60 kg of active material per hectare. | Изучали влияние выхлопных газов автомобилей на качество клубней картофеля. Исследования проводили в 2010-2012 гг. в Липецкой обл. Картофель выращивали на черноземе выщелоченном. Образцы клубней отбирали на участках, расположенных на расстоянии 50, 100 и 500 м от федеральной автодороги М-4 "Дон". Дополнительно был заложен полевой опыт с 4 вариантами внесения удобрений: контроль без удобрений; N30P60K30, N60P90K60 (рекомендованная для зоны норма), N90P135K90. Участок был расположен в 50 м от автодороги. Вегетационный период 2010 г. был аномально жарким и сухим, 2011 г. – относительно благоприятным, 2012 г. – оптимальным для роста и развития растений картофеля. В 2011 г. на расстоянии 50 м от трассы концентрация в клубнях тяжелых металлов составила (в мг/кг): свинца – 0,034 (ПДК – 0,5); кадмия – 0,005 (ПДК - 0,03), меди - 0,640; цинка – 3,074 (содержание меди и цинка не нормировано). На расстоянии 100 м от трассы содержание этих же тяжелых металлов было еще ниже, а на расстоянии 500 м – совсем незначительным или следовым. В полевом опыте в среднем за 3 года урожайность картофеля составила без удобрений 11,4 т/га, на фоне различных доз NPK – 15,3-22,3 т/га. Накопление в клубнях нитратов возрастало с ростом дозы удобрений и составило в среднем (в мг/кг) от 21,7 (контроль) до 114,3. Это примерно на 30% выше, чем при возделывании картофеля вдали от автодороги. Сделан вывод, что при производстве картофеля, который может быть признан экологически безопасным и использован в детском и диетическом питании, посадки следует размещать не ближе 100 м от крупных автотрасс, при этом доза азота в составе полного минерального удобрения не должна превышать 60 кг д.в./га.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Starodubtseva, G.P. | Avdeeva, V.N., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ.

The list of practical technologies on the basis of acts of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation includes production and processing of agricultural raw materials. High-quality growth in this area is possible at carrying out a number of actions where disinfecting plays one of the main roles. One of perspective from the ecological point of view of methods of disinfecting is ozonization which allows not only to increase environmental friendliness of development, but also to keep biological value of production. Over a period of years the researches on influence of ozone, field of the negative corona discharge and biological preparation Biophyte-3 on reducing toxicity of grain crops, as well as integrated effect of these factors contributing suppression of pathogenic mycoflora and reducing toxicity of processed production has been carried out in educational and scientific test laboratory of Stavropol state agrarian university. The most efficient appeared to be the exposure to ozone by concentration of 370.0 g taken with biological preparation Biophyte-3 which led to suppression of Fusarium growth for 50 %, Aspergilus for 100 %, and also allowed to substantially reduce colonies number of Penicillium, Alternaria and Rhizopus species. Thus the index of toxicity decreased from T = 0.92 to T = 0.36 in optimum variants that allowed reducing a level of their toxicity from moderate to permissible. The results of the conducted research show that exposure to ozone reducing toxicity of wheat grain and grain mixtures depending on a dose of processing of studied material. Use of ozone taken with to a biological preparation if treated with grain and forages contaminated by mycotoxins allows to reduce the level of their toxicity to admissible, to inhibit the mycoflora expansion, thereby make them suitable for feeding livestock. | В перечень практических технологий на основе законодательных актов Министерства сельского хозяйства РФ входит производство и переработка сельскохозяйственного сырья. Качественный рост в этой области возможен при проведении ряда мероприятий, где обеззараживание играет одну из основных ролей. Одним из перспективных с экологической точки зрения методов обеззараживания является озонирование, которое позволяет не только повысить экологичность разработок, но и сохранить биологическую ценность продукции. В Учебно-научной испытательной лаборатории Ставропольского государственного аграрного университета в течение ряда лет проводятся исследования по влиянию озона, поля отрицательного коронного разряда и биологического препарата Биофит-3 на снижение токсичности зерновых культур, а также комплексное воздействие этих факторов, способствующих подавлению патогенной микофлоры и снижению токсичности обрабатываемой продукции. Наиболее эффективным оказалось воздействие озона концентрацией 370,0 г•с/куб.м в сочетании с биологическим препаратом Биофит-3, которое привело к подавлению грибов р. Fusarium на 50 %, р. Aspergilus на 100 %, а также позволило значительно уменьшить колонии грибов рр. Penicillium, Alternaria и Rhizopus. При этом индекс токсичности уменьшился с Т = 0,92 до Т = 0,36 в оптимальных вариантах, что позволило снизить уровень их токсичности с умеренного до допустимого. Результаты проведенных исследований показывают, что обработка озоном влияет на снижение токсичности зерна пшеницы и зерносмесей в разной степени в зависимости от дозы обработки исследуемого материала. Использование озона в сочетании с биопрепаратом при обработке загрязненных микотоксинами зерна и кормов позволяет подавить развитие микофлоры, снизить их токсичность до допустимого уровня, тем самым сделать их пригодными для скармливания животным.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Kryuchkov, V.N., Astrakhan State Univ. (Russian Federation) | Kurapov, A.A., Co Ltd "Lukoil-Nizhnevolzhskneft'"

The acute and chronic effects of drilling muds and cuttings on the planktonic and benthic organisms are studied. Drilling wastes in the form of processed drilling fluids and drilling cuttings of various composition are the most common pollutants that get into the environment in the course of the works. The toxic effects that simulate the possible emergency situations are considered. The representatives of different ecological groups of the water community, such as crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Artemia salina), Chironomidae (Chironomus gr. salinarius), mussels (Dreissena rostriformis) were used as test objects. The toxicity criterion in acute experiments was a survival, chronic toxicity of drilling wastes was estimated according to change of molluscs filtration activity. The results of drilling waste samples biotesting showed their toxic effect on plankton and benthic organisms, but this effect appears at sufficiently high concentrations, which are only possible in the zone of direct influence of massive discharges of drilling wastes. It is shown that besides the action of soluble components, suspended particles have negative impact on the studied test-objects by reducing the buoyancy of plankters. The assessment of impact of drilling cuttings on molluscs showed lack of acute toxic effect. However, there are consequences in the form of oppression of their filtration activity. On the basis of the analysis of the literature and the results of our own experiments, we can conclude that violations of the benthos will have spot, temporary and reversible character as a result of falling into water bodies and accumulation in the bottom sediments of solid fractions of drilling wastes | Изучено острое и хроническое влияние бурового раствора и бурового шлама на планктонные и бентосные организмы. Отходы бурения в виде отработанных буровых растворов и буровых шламов различного состава являются наиболее распространёнными загрязнителями, попадающими в окружающую среду при производстве соответствующих работ. Рассматриваются токсичные воздействия, которые имитируют возможные аварийные ситуации. В качестве тест-объектов использовались представители различных экологических групп водного сообщества: ракообразные (Daphnia magna, Artemia salina), хирономиды (Chironomus gr. salinarius), моллюски (Dreissena rostriformis). Критерием токсичности в острых экспериментах являлась выживаемость, хроническая токсичность отходов бурения оценивалась по изменению фильтрационной активности моллюсков. Результаты биотестирования проб отходов бурения показали их токсическое действие на планктонные и бентосные организмы, но это действие проявляется при достаточно больших концентрациях, которые возможны только в зоне прямого воздействия залповых сбросов буровых отходов. Показано, что, кроме действия растворимых компонентов, на исследуемые тест-объекты негативное влияние оказывают взвешенные частицы, снижая плавучесть планктеров. Оценка влияния бурового шлама на моллюсков показало отсутствие острого токсического эффекта, однако выявлены последствия в виде угнетения их фильтрационной активности. Исходя из анализа литературы и результатов собственных экспериментов можно заключить, что в результате попадания в водоёмы и накопления в донных осадках твердых фракций буровых отходов нарушения в бентосе будут носить точечный, временный и обратимый характер

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Agapkina, G.I. | Efimenko, E.S., Lomonosov Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation) | Brodskij, E.S. | Shelepchikov, A.A. | Feshin, D.B., Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). The A.N. Severtsov Inst. of Problems of Ecology and Evolution

The contents of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of Moscow-city were determined by GC-HRMS. Soil samples were of natural and anthropogenic supratransformed soils. The total concentrations of 19 indicative and dioxin-like congeners of PCBs in the upper soil horizons fall in the range 2.85 to 60.62 milli kg/kg (for one highly contaminated sample — 4591.99 mkg/kg) and depend on land use type only slightly. The mean value of PCBs concentrations is equal to 14.44 mkg/kg (excluding one highly contaminated sample). The concentrations in question are typical for industrial city. The toxicity equivalent (l-TEQ) of 12 dioxin-like PCBs in the town soils averages 1.92 nano g/kg, ranging from 0.15 to 334.12 ng/kg. The share of PCBs in the total I-TEQ of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds varied from 16.7 to 85.4% | Методом газовой хроматографии—масс-спектрометрии (ГХ-МС) определено содержание полихлорированных бифенилов (ПХБ) в почвах Москвы. Пробы почв представлены естественно-антропогенными поверхностно-преобразованными почвами. Суммарное содержание 19 индикаторных и диоксиноподобных конгенеров ПХБ в поверхностных горизонтах почв лежит в пределах 2,85—60,62 мкг/кг (для наиболее загрязненного образца — 4591,99 мкг/кг). Среднее значение при исключении наиболее загрязненного образца равно 14,44 мкг/кг, что характерно для жилых массивов индустриальных стран. Данный показатель незначительно варьирует в зависимости от функциональной зоны города. Эквивалент токсичности 12 диоксиноподобных ПХБ в почвах составляет в среднем 1,92 нг I-TEQ/кг, изменяясь в диапазоне 0,15—334,12 нг I-TEQ/кг. Вклад ПХБ в общую токсичность диоксинов и диоксиноподобных соединений в почвенных разностях равен 16,7—85,4%

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Gajsina, L.A. | Abuzarova, L.Kh. | Bakieva, G.R., The M. Akmulla Bashkir State Educational Univ., Ufa

Morphological features of one of edaphic coenosis member, the soil alga Xanthonema exile are given. Influence of herbicides Ttrialat, Betanal and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on X. exile is studied. Triallat was used to control Avena fatua; Betanal was used for seedlings of sugar and fodder beets. The maximum permissible concentration for Triallat was 1 mg/cubic m. It was found up that threads and cells of the alga became longer under herbicide influence. Betanal was the most toxic and Triallat and potassium were less toxic. Phosphor in a concentration of 2*10E-3, K in a concentration of 3*10E-1 and N in a concentration of 1.7 mole/l caused a complete destroy of the cells. Formless and ellipsoid cells appeared at potassium addition and the cytoplasm structure completely destroyed. The follow series of herbicide and fertilizer toxicity was ranged: BetanalTriallatKPN. The most concentrations of fertilizers influenced on cell length and width of X. exile. This species can be recommended for biological monitoring as an indicator due to high sensibility to herbicides and fertilizers.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Dolzhenko, V.I., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Sheina, N.i. | Ivanov, N.I., Russian State Medical Univ., Moscow

By analyzing the findings and databases on the hygienic standardization of industrial microorganisms, the authors have improved a research program for industrial strains on substantiating their safe exposure levels in workplace and ambient airs.A shortened program is proposed to investigate gram-positive bacteria and nocardioformic actinomycetes (Lactobacillus, Micrococcus, Propionibacterim, Brevibacterim, Rhodococcus), which have no negative effect. It is necessary to study gram-negative bacteria and micromycetes (Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Penicillum, Candida), which have pronounced immunotropic and dysbiotic properties by the full program, by including the evaluation of all observed negative effects. On the basis of this group, the priority microorganisms that confer a real danger to workers' health in developing allergic diseases have been listed.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Kurkin, K.A., The V.R. Vilyams All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Forages, Moscow Region

The observation of meadow vegetation and study of the influence on it of nitrogen fertilizer were carried out in the Ryazan Region. There was studied the effect of direct and indirect influence of fertilizers on self-sown seedlings, as well as on the dynamics of floodplain meadow vegetation after draining and irrigating. On flood meadows under one- and two-cut utilization, with the application of ammonium saltpeter at the rate of N100 and more during the season, available seedlings and species of ground-level layer perish because of self-poisoning due to shading. On short-flood meadows with the irrigation under five-cut utilization and with the application of increased amounts of nitrogen for aftergrowing (the total rate - N405), the participation of semi-high grasses in the yield during the 2 year is increased from 20 up to 60% but during the 4 year is declined to 30%. With three-cut utilization schedule (with the same soil fertility) the participation of semi-high grasses is increased up to 75% by the 4th year. The behavior of each semi-high grass species shows its bio-ecological peculiarities. Different regimes of nitrogen additions were studied in Oka floodplain meadows. When more than 100 kg/ha nitrogen were added as ammonium nitrate, seedlings and low plants died due to deep shade and nitrate toxicity. High nitrogen addition (N405) and frequent cutting (5 times) led to mean height grass dominance. Grass response to nitrogen regime was species-specific. As a consequence of topdressing, the intensive growth of grasses starts creating thereby shading which inhibits wakening buds in a tillering node. After plant formation sleeping buds start growing, in short grasses embryonic leaves and growth cones preserve, and in the high grasses both generative and long vegetative shoots die. Semi-high grasses are intermediate. Long preservation of high portion of semi-high grasses in plant stand is possible only with 3-cut utilization

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Shabunin, S.V. | Vostroilova, G.A. | Belyaev, V.I. | Alekhin, Yu.N. | Sashnina, L.Yu. | Kabitskij, S.N. | Nizhegorodov, M.Yu., All-Russia Research and Development Veterinary Inst. of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Voronezh

The therapeutic efficiency of a complex preparation of Tylocolin at colibacteriosis and salmonellosis of calves at farms of the Voronezh and Oryol regions unsafe from these diseases was studied. According to a pharmaco-toxicological evaluation of Tylocolin has shown that it does not possess irritating, allergenic, embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects against Gram- and Gram+ microorganisms. It is low toxic. The therapeutic efficiency was estimated by the number of recovered calves and treatment terms compared to Enrocoli (for colibacteriosis) and 5%enroxyl solution (for salmonellosis). During the treatment in the experimental calves there were observed a reduction in the degree of acidosis, anemia, endogenous intoxication, disseminated intravascular blood coagulability and cytolysis. So, the therapeutic efficiency of Tylocolin at colibacteriosis calves makes up 91,7 %, at recovery term of 3,6 days, at a salmo¬nellosis accordingly 93,8 % and 3,7 days and 5.5 days, respectively. It is concluded that the complex preparation of Tylocolin consisting of tylosin, sulfate colistin, and a prolonging agent is more effective, inasmuch as it promotes the full-value process of calves' recovery than Enrocoli and 5%enroxyl solution according to the basic route when there are residual signs of metabolic disorders and hepatic insufficiency

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation