AGRIS - 

2016

I. I. Lebedeva | G. S. Bazykina | A. M. Grebennikov | Yu. I. Cheverdin | V. A. Bespalov

The comparative study of impact of long term agricultural use (for 20, 60, and 120 years) on migratory-micellar (typical) chernozems of Stony Steppe (Voronezh oblast, Russia), was conducted. The following properties were investigated: morphology, humus state, structure, water and physical properties, and water and temperature regimes. It is revealed that agro-layers of chernozems are sustainable in time. Their residual specificities are preserved even under long-term (130 years) layland. During the first 10-20 years of agricultural use the decrease of humus content is revealed: the decrease of the humus content including the labile humus matter, and also the decrease of organic carbon content. Hereafter, there occurs the stabilization of their humus state, though on the lower layer, due to relative equilibrium with the processes of organic matter new formation. In the first years of the agricultural use there is observed the insignificant increase of the bulk density, deterioration of the structure and the decrease of the porosity, water capacity and plant available water content. Further the physical state of these layers of chernozems is preserved on the optimal level. The heath provision of the plowland is higher than that under the natural vegetation due to the heating to the higher temperatures which causes the physical desiccation and accumulation of carbonates in the surface layers. The water regime of chernozems as mixed-aged plowlands, and long-termed layland of Stony Steppe may be determined as periodically percolative regime with additional ground moistening. The main reason of that may be the presence of water-accumulating layer (200-300 cm) above the aquiclude, which is composed of clays lying at the depth of 300 cm.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2016

M.V. Nabozhenko | B. Keskin | K.D. Dvadnenko | N. Alpagut Keskin

The genus Gunarus Des Gozis, 1886 is transferred from the subtribe Helopina to the subtribe Cylindrinotina (Tenebrionidae: Helopini) based on the structure of male aedeagus and presence of posterior ventral grooves of lower aspect of eye in the type species Gunarus hirtulus (Reiche, 1861). New combinations are established: Stenohelops (Stenomaleis) gayirbegi (Nabozhenko et Keskin, 2009), comb. n. (from Gunarus), Stenohelops (Stenomaleis) korkutelensis (Nabozhenko et Keskin, 2009), comb. n. (from Gunarus) and Ectromopsis ovipennis (Allard, 1877),  comb.  n. (from Gunarus). The species Gunarus arenicola Antoine, 1949 and G. bremondi Antoine, 1949 must be transferred to the subtribe Helopina but its generic position is unknown. Generic position of other 7 Gunarus species must be revised accordingly to the position of the type species G. hirtulus in the system of the tribe Helopini. Key to similar genera Nalassus, Gunarus, Ectromopsis, Xanthomus is given.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2016

N. A. Koshkina | E. V. Goryachaya

In Stavropol the main carrier and the tank of a virus Crimean-kongo haemorragical fevers is tick Hyalomma marginatum. Disease of people carries natural focal character. The knowledge epizootology and morphobiological features of carrier ККGL will allow veterinary and medical experts to predict and prevent infection of people with a dangerous virus.

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2016

ТЕРЕХОВ Владимир Иванович | СЕРДЮЧЕНКО Ирина Владимировна

Abstract. In the review article there are actual information about the species composition of the genus Escherichia, morphological features and culturally and biochemical characteristics of bacteria.Escherichia is a genus from the family Enterobacteriaceae. This family contains rod-shaped bacteria which are facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, asporogenous (non-spore forming), gram-negative, usually mobile, oxidase negative, catalase positive. They do not form hydrogen sulfide and have enzymatic and respiratory type of metabolism. E.coli is a typical species of the genus that was described by Theodor Escherich in 1885. Whereas E.coli main habitat is large intestine they think that it can reproduce freely in water and organically rich soilsEscherichia's stability in the external environment and to antibiotics and disinfectants, undemanding to nutritious substrates and the ability to acquire and transfer the genes of different pathogenicity factors place them in the category of potentially harmful microorganisms which require the permanent microbiological and epidemiological monitoring. The use of DNA-DNA hybridization helped to establish the degree of genetic relationship between the typical strains of the genus Escherichia. During these studies it became clear that the most close among themselves in DNA content are E.coli and E.albertii, and E.coli and E.fergusonii.Despite culturally and biochemical characteristics of E.coli they differ in biochemical properties and DNA structure. Given the Escherichia's ability of adaptation, undemanding to the conditions of their existence, the ease of host shifts, we must not be underestimated these microorganisms in terms of biological hazards for animals and humans.Therefore, information that is in our review allows carrying out differentiation of E. coli, and consequently more accurately establish the diagnosis. Tabl. 3. Ref. 49. | В обзорной статье представлены современные данные о видовом составе рода Escherichia, морфологических особенностях и культурально-биохимических свойствах бактерий.Бактерии рода Escherichia входят в семейство Enterobacteriaceae, которое объединяет факультативно-анаэробные, хемоорганотрофные, неспорообразующие, грамотрицательные в большинстве случаев подвижные, оксидазоотрицательные, каталазоположительные, не образующие сероводород, обладающие ферментативным и дыхательным типом метаболизма прямые палочки. E.coli (кишечная палочка) является типовым видом рода, который был описан в 1885 г. Теодором Эшерихом. Несмотря на то, что основным местом обитания кишечной палочки является толстый отдел кишечника, тем не менее, предполагают, что она может свободно размножаться в воде и почвах, богатых органикой. Такие свойства эшерихий как устойчивость во внешней среде, к антибиотикам и дезинфектантам, нетребовательность к питательным субстратам и способность приобретать и передавать гены различных факторов патогенности ставят их в разряд потенциально опасных микроорганизмов, требующих осуществления постоянного микробиологического и эпидемиологического мониторинга. Использование метода ДНК-ДНК гибридизации позволило установить степень генетического родства между типовыми штаммами видов рода Escherichia. В ходе данных исследований выяснилось, что наиболее близкими между собой по составу ДНК оказались E.coli и E.albertii, а также E.coli и E.fergusonii.Несмотря на схожесть культурально-морфологических свойств эшерихий, они различаются по биохимическим свойствам и строению ДНК. Учитывая адаптационные способности эшерихий, их нетребовательность к условиям существования, легкость смены хозяина, нельзя недооценивать эти микроорганизмы с точки зрения биологической опасности для животных и человека. Поэтому сведения, приведенные в нашем обзоре, позволят осуществлять дифференциацию эшерихий, а, следовательно, более точно устанавливать диагноз. Табл.3. Библ.49.

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St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine - Russian Federation

2016

ТЕРЕХОВ Владимир Иванович | СЕРДЮЧЕНКО Ирина Владимировна

Abstract. In the review article there are actual information about the species composition of the genus Escherichia, morphological features and culturally and biochemical characteristics of bacteria.Escherichia is a genus from the family Enterobacteriaceae. This family contains rod-shaped bacteria which are facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, asporogenous (non-spore forming), gram-negative, usually mobile, oxidase negative, catalase positive. They do not form hydrogen sulfide and have enzymatic and respiratory type of metabolism. E.coli is a typical species of the genus that was described by Theodor Escherich in 1885. Whereas E.coli main habitat is large intestine they think that it can reproduce freely in water and organically rich soilsEscherichia's stability in the external environment and to antibiotics and disinfectants, undemanding to nutritious substrates and the ability to acquire and transfer the genes of different pathogenicity factors place them in the category of potentially harmful microorganisms which require the permanent microbiological and epidemiological monitoring. The use of DNA-DNA hybridization helped to establish the degree of genetic relationship between the typical strains of the genus Escherichia. During these studies it became clear that the most close among themselves in DNA content are E.coli and E.albertii, and E.coli and E.fergusonii.Despite culturally and biochemical characteristics of E.coli they differ in biochemical properties and DNA structure. Given the Escherichia's ability of adaptation, undemanding to the conditions of their existence, the ease of host shifts, we must not be underestimated these microorganisms in terms of biological hazards for animals and humans.Therefore, information that is in our review allows carrying out differentiation of E. coli, and consequently more accurately establish the diagnosis. Tabl. 3. Ref. 49. | В обзорной статье представлены современные данные о видовом составе рода Escherichia, морфологических особенностях и культурально-биохимических свойствах бактерий.Бактерии рода Escherichia входят в семейство Enterobacteriaceae, которое объединяет факультативно-анаэробные, хемоорганотрофные, неспорообразующие, грамотрицательные в большинстве случаев подвижные, оксидазоотрицательные, каталазоположительные, не образующие сероводород, обладающие ферментативным и дыхательным типом метаболизма прямые палочки. E.coli (кишечная палочка) является типовым видом рода, который был описан в 1885 г. Теодором Эшерихом. Несмотря на то, что основным местом обитания кишечной палочки является толстый отдел кишечника, тем не менее, предполагают, что она может свободно размножаться в воде и почвах, богатых органикой. Такие свойства эшерихий как устойчивость во внешней среде, к антибиотикам и дезинфектантам, нетребовательность к питательным субстратам и способность приобретать и передавать гены различных факторов патогенности ставят их в разряд потенциально опасных микроорганизмов, требующих осуществления постоянного микробиологического и эпидемиологического мониторинга. Использование метода ДНК-ДНК гибридизации позволило установить степень генетического родства между типовыми штаммами видов рода Escherichia. В ходе данных исследований выяснилось, что наиболее близкими между собой по составу ДНК оказались E.coli и E.albertii, а также E.coli и E.fergusonii.Несмотря на схожесть культурально-морфологических свойств эшерихий, они различаются по биохимическим свойствам и строению ДНК. Учитывая адаптационные способности эшерихий, их нетребовательность к условиям существования, легкость смены хозяина, нельзя недооценивать эти микроорганизмы с точки зрения биологической опасности для животных и человека. Поэтому сведения, приведенные в нашем обзоре, позволят осуществлять дифференциацию эшерихий, а, следовательно, более точно устанавливать диагноз. Табл.3. Библ.49.

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St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine - Russian Federation

2016

Sadrtdinova Guzeliya R. | Vasilyev Dmitry А. | Zolotukhin Sergey N.

Klebsiella oxytoca bacterium are resistant microorganisms which can be the cause of many infectious diseases with severe progress. In the work we used bacterial strains obtained from the museum of the department of microbiology, virology, epizootology and veterinary-sanitary examination of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy named after P. A. Stolypin. Main techniques were studied and tested for allocation of bacteriophages. Allocation of bacteriophages was associated with the use of inducer, x-irradiation, allowing to аllocate two phage active in a relation to Klebsiella oxytoca 1 and Klebsiella oxytoca 24. Cultures were exposed to radiation in three modes, and in the first series of experiments there was a confluent growth of culture throughout the volume of the cup, in the second series of experiments on some cups (K. oxytoca 1, K. oxytoca 24) there were areas of bacterial growth absence (negative colonies), in the third series of experiments – most of the crops were characterized by intermittent growth of a culture. We studied some biological properties allowing to note the possible differences between negative colonies of allocated phages. In both cases, colonies size ranged within 1,0+0,5 mm and had the form of transparent round-shaped negative colonies. The allocated phages had quite high activity against the studied crops: bacteriophage F-1 against indicator culture K.oxytoca 1 – 10 and 1х10 , bacteriophage F-24 against indicator culture K.oxytoca 24 – 10 and 4х10 по Appelman and Gratsia respectively, | Бактерии вида Klebsiella oxytoca представляют собой устойчивые микроорганизмы, являющиеся причиной многих инфекционных заболеваний с тяжелым течением. В работе были использованы штаммы бактерий, полученные из музея кафедры МВЭиВСЭ Ульяновской ГСХА им.П.А. Столыпина. Для выделения бактериофагов были изучены и апробированы основные методики. Выделение бактериофагов было связано с использованием индуцирующего фактора – рентгеновского облучения, что позволило выделить два фага, активных в отношении Klebsiella oxytoca 1 и Klebsiella oxytoca 24. Культуры были подвержены облучению в трех режимах, причем в первой серии опытов отмечался сплошной рост культуры по всему объему чашки, во второй серии опытов на некоторых чашках (K.oxytoca 1, K.oxytoca 24) отмечались зоны отсутствия бактериального роста (негативные колонии), в третьей серии опытов – большая часть посевов характеризовалась прерывистым ростом культуры. Изучали некоторых биологические свойства, позволяющее отметить возможные отличия негативных колоний выделенных фагов. В обоих случаях размеры колоний варьировались в пределах 1,0+0,5 мм и представляли собой прозрачные негативные колонии округлой формы. Выделенные фаги имели достаточно высокую активность в отношении изучаемых культур: бактериофаг Ф-1 в отношение индикаторной культуры K.oxytoca 1 - 10 и 1х10 , бактериофаг Ф-24 в отношение индикаторной культуры K.oxytoca 24- 10 и 4х10 по Аппельману и Грациа соответственно.

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Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin - Russian Federation

2016

Makurina G.I.

Background. Many questions about pathomorphogenesis of damage of the skin microcirculatory bed in patients with psoriasis and hypertension on the background of the skin age changes require clarification and further advance. Objective. The aim of research is to determine the damages of the skin microcirculatory bed in psoriasis patients, depending on the presence or absence of hypertension. Methods. In 60 patients with active psoriasis with and without hypertension skin biopsies were studied using light-optical microscopy. In quantitative morphological study the maximum and minimum overall length of basal, spinous and granular layers of the epidermis were explored, numerical density of nuclei and mitotic index of keratinocytes were calculated. Results. It was found that the morphological basis of damages of the skin microcirculatory bed in patients with psoriasis and hypertension is a complex of general vascular changes: hyperproliferation of microvascular wall cells (endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth myocytes) with the development of hyalinosis and elastofibrosis of arterioles, disseminated abuse of angioarchitectonics of arterioles and intrapapillary hemocapillaries. It triggers a cascade of typical pathomorphological changes of significantly higher intensity than the skin lesions in psoriasis patients without hypertension. Conclusion. Comorbid morphogenesis causes dermal damage in patients with psoriasis and hypertension: significant interstitial edema of papillary layer; perifocal leukocyte infiltration, exudation, extravasations, plasmorrhage consisting of dermal papillae; lymphostasis and local extension of lymphatic drainage; erythrocyte sludging, erythrodiapedesis, hemorrhage; strengthening of endothelial dysfunction with activation of vascular-platelet hemostasis.Citation:Makurina GI. [Morphological features of the skin microcirculatory bed in patients with psoriasis and essential hypertension]. Morphologia. 2016;10(1):38-48. Ukrainian.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2016

L. A. Bundina | V. A. Khrustalev

Objective of research. The purpose of the study is to consider detection of Eimeria (Eimeria leuckarti) in horses in the Moscow region. Materials and methods. Samples of faeces were collected during the survey must reveal sport horses in ljuberetsky area of Moscow region before a scheduled deworming. Portion of samples was stored for months in a frozen state in the freezer. Faecal samples examined by flotation with  saturated sodium chloride solution and sedimentation by the method of successive washings. To determine the viability of oocysts the feces were incubated in Petri dishes in the thermostat at 25 °C study of the incubated samples were determined after two weeks, one month and two months. Morphological studies of oocysts, morphometry and photographic documentation was performed using a microscope with a digital camera. Results and discussion. During routine coprological survey of sport horses in ljuberetsky area of Moscow region one 11-year-old horse in the samples of faeces were detected oocysts of coccidia Eimeria leuckarti. The intensity of invasion in koproskopicheskoe tests was low; the samples were found isolated instances of oocysts. This is the first time the detection of E. leuckarti on the territory of the Russian Federation. See the full list of countries that have so far been registered coccidia of the species. We trace the development of oocysts to sporulirovannyh stage in the laboratory. In a thermostat at 25 °C sporulation time exceeded one month. Brief description of the morphology of oocysts at different stages of development. Highlighted are unique among the coccidia peculiar structure of the shell oocysts E. leuckarti is the presence of the characteristic fossa on the inner surface of the shell opposite the micropyle pole. It is believed that it can serve as species specific taxonomic characteristic.

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2016

V. A. Salimov | O. A. Salimova | V. I. Abakumov

The form of Sarcocystis spp. cysts is studied.; the area occupied with cysts from young cattle depending on localization and intensity of infection is deter- mined. It is established that the form, the size and the area of cysts depend on a functional condition of muscular tissue. Cysts occupy more than 50 % of the area of myocardium, tongue, legs of diaphragm and the longest muscle of a back from calves at strong intensity of infection and 50 % - in masseter and diaphragm legs at average intensity of infection

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2016

Yu.G. Arzanov

The last-instar larva and pupa of the Western Caucasian weevil Plinthus alternus are described for the first time. The species develops on widespread in subalpine landscapes sorrel Rumex alpinus.

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