AGRIS - 

2016

Ryu, C., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Park, H.R., FACT, Iksan, Republic of Korea | Cho, S., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Choi, N.J., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary formulated feed additive on growth performance and carcass traits of Hanwoo steers. A formulated feed additive reported to reduce heat load in the rumen in our previous research was used (Cho et al., 2014). Total 32 herds of Hanwoo steers were assigned into two groups of control and treatment. Total mixed ration was provided as basal diet for cattle and 100 g of additive was supplemented on diet for treatment. Feeding trial was performed during 120 days before slaughter. For growth performance, 3 periods (0~90 days; 90~120 days; 0~120 days) were allotted and average daily gain, feed requirement and final body weight were determined. Loin meat between 12th and 13th rib was used for meat quality analysis after slaughtering. Only 1st period showed significantly improved growth performance of treatment (P less than 0.05) and there were no significant difference in other periods. At 3rd periods (overall), a trend of increased average daily gain was found at treatment (P=0.075). Carcass performance and quality did not show significant differences between treatment and control (P greater than 0.05). In meat quality, treatment showed significant increment in all measured meat colors (P less than 0.05) and significantly less sharing force compared to the control (P less than 0.05). Although no significant difference in growth performance and carcass yield were found, remarkably improved economic status was detected in treatment group. In conclusion, it could be suggested that application of a formulated feed additive specialized in reduction of heat load in the rumen was able to increase economical balance through enhancing heat stress condition of ruminant and growth.

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Korea Agricultural Science Digital Library - Republic of Korea

2016

E. Azeroual | A. Mesfioui | K. Bouzoubaa | B. Benazzouz | A. El Hessni | A. Ouichou

Strengthening the immune system in susceptible avian species has become a highly sought after approach to protect them against infections, especially of viral origin. This study aimed to assess the impact of four food additives on immune system modulation in chicken broilers, following vaccine intake against Gumboro disease, also called infectious bursal disease (IBD), and Newcastle disease (ND). The experimental design involved 500 one-day-old chicks of Ross strain, equally distributed into five groups (four treated and one control). Treatment products were based on antibiotics, phytobiotics (cinnamon and ginger) and a probiotic (yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae), orally administered via drinking water. The treatments were carried out over three periods of different ages: on day (D) D6–D9, D21–D23 and D33–D35. The primary vaccine doses were simultaneously administered on D7, and booster doses on D14 and D21 against IBD and ND viruses, respectively. Serum samples were collected in five chickens from each group on D18 and D31. Antibody titers were analyzed by ELISA for IBDV virus and by the hemagglutination inhibition test for NDV virus. The results showed that none of the four immunostimulatory adjuvants had an effect on antibody titers against IBD virus (p > 0.05). On the other hand, especially in groups treated with ginger and yeast a positive immunostimulatory effect was observed against ND virus. However, this difference was not significant compared to control (p > 0.05).

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2016

Embarek Azeroual | Abdelhalem Mesfioui | Khalid Bouzoubaa | Bouchra Benazzouz | Aboubaker El Hessni | Ali Ouichou

Le renforcement du système immunitaire chez les espèces aviaires vulnérables est devenu une approche fortement recherchée pour les protéger contre les infections, surtout d’origine virale. La présente étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact de quatre additifs alimentaires sur la modulation du système immunitaire, suite à des prises vaccinales contre la maladie de Gumboro [infectious bursal disease (IBD)] et de Newcastle [Newcastle disease (ND)] chez le poulet de chair (Gallus gallus). Le suivi expérimental a été fait sur 500 poussins d’un jour de type chair et de souche Ross, également répartis en cinq groupes (quatre traitements et un témoin). Les produits de traitements ont été à base d’antibiotiques, de phytobiotiques (cannelle et gingembre) et de probiotique (levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae), administrés par voie buccale et par l’eau de boisson. Les traitements ont été effectués en trois périodes d’âges différents : au jour (J) J6–J9, J21–J23 et J33–J35. Les doses primo vaccinales ont été administrées simultanément au J7, et les rappels aux J14 et J21 respectivement contre IBD et ND. Des échantillons sériques ont été prélevés chez cinq poulets de chaque parquet aux J18 et J31. Les titres d’anticorps ont été analysés par le test Elisa pour le virus de l’IBD et par le test d’inhibition de l’hémagglutination pour le virus de la ND. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé qu’aucun effet immunostimulant vis-à-vis des titres d’anticorps contre le virus d’IBD n’était induit par l’ajout d’un des quatre adjuvants testés (p > 0,05). En revanche pour la ND, un effet immunostimulant a été observé, plus particulièrement chez les groupes traités au gingembre ou à la levure. Cette différence n’a cependant pas été significative par rapport au témoin (p > 0,05).

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2016

Fedotova, O.B. | Myalenko, D.M., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Dairy Industry, Moscow

Для продления срока годности и поддержания качества и безопасности пищевой продукции могут использоваться антимикробные упаковочные материалы, которые способны увеличить период задержки начала роста и снизить темпы развития микроорганизмов. Проведено сравнение эффективности воздействия традиционных обеззараживающих воздействий на упаковку и антимикробных агентов, входящих в состав активной упаковки. Разработана гамма упаковочных материалов и потребительской тары, модифицированных антимикробной добавкой природного происхождения – экстрактом бересты. Он содержится в верхнем слое коры березы и представляет собой комплекс природных соединений, в котором основное действующее вещество – бетулин (бетулинол С36Н60О3) - составляет не менее 70%. Новые виды упаковочных материалов с экстрактом бересты были получены путем модификации полимеров (полиэтилен и полиэтилен/полиамид) за счет создания гранулированной композиции и ее переработки методом соэкструзии. Микробиологические исследования подтвердили высокий уровень бактерицидной эффективности поверхности полимерной тары с природными антимикробными компонентами (дозировка 1.0% для полиэтилена и 0.5% для полиэтилена/полиамида), которая может обеспечивать микробиологическую чистоту при контакте с пищевой продукцией и явиться определенной альтернативой традиционным приемам обеззараживания. | Antimicrobial packaging materials capable to increase the period of delay of growth beginning and decrease microorganisms growth rate can be used to extend storage life and maintain food products quality and safety. The efficiency of the traditional disinfecting materials impact on the package and the efficiency of the antimicrobial agents included in the composition of the active package was compared. A range of packing materials and consumer containers modified by the natural antimicrobial additive – the elm extract was developed. It can be found in the upper layer of birch bark and is a complex of natural compounds in which the principle acting substance - betulin (betulinol C36H60O3) amounts to at least 70%. New types of packaging materials with birch crust were created by modifying of polymer (polyethylene and polyethylene/polyamide) by creating the granular composition and further processing by co-extrusion. Microbiological investigations confirmed high level of bactericidal efficiency of the polymer containers surface modified by the natural antimicrobial components (dosage of birch crust extract 1.0% for polyethylene and 0.5% for polyethylene/polyamide), that can provide microbial purity on contact with food products and can make a certain alternative to the traditional decontamination methods.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Safonov, V.V. | Venskajtis, V.V., The N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian Univ.

Актуальная задача при эксплуатации машинно-тракторного парка – создание условий, обеспечивающих ресурсосбережение техники. Ресурс автотракторной трансмиссии во многом зависит от качества применяемого смазочного материала. Поскольку потенциал нефтяных масел по энергосберегающей и смазочной способности исчерпан, для снижения трения и износа деталей в современные трансмиссионные масла (ТМ) вводят базовые функциональные присадки. В качестве противоизносных и противозадирных агентов для механических трансмиссий используют серо-, фосфор- и хлорсодержащие соединения. Содержание таких присадок в ТМ может достигать более 5–7%. Проведено комплексное исследование влияния одно- и двухкомпонентных наноразмерных порошкообразных добавок на эксплуатационные свойства ТМ ТАП-15В ГОСТ 23652-79 (ТМ-3-18 ГОСТ 17479.2-85). Установлено, что введение порошкообразной добавки оловянной бронзы с оксидом алюминия Бр-К дисперсностью 40–80 нм в базовое ТМ повышает его антифрикционные, противоизносные, противозадирные свойства. После проведения серии опытов на машине трения отмечено максимальное снижение момента трения на 17%, снижение износа образцов в 2,5 раза, увеличение нагрузки и времени до заедания на 18 и 33% соответственно по сравнению с товарным ТМ. Методом Бокса – Уилсона определен оптимальный состав и концентрация добавки Бр-К в ТМ. Сравнительные испытания экспериментальной смазочной композиции ТАП-15В + НП Бр-К в эксплуатационных условиях на тракторах "БЕЛАРУС" 80.1 показали, что средняя скорость изнашивания деталей трансмиссии при их смазке ТМ с добавкой Бр-К на 30–45% ниже, чем при смазке товарным ТМ без добавки. | The creation of conditions which ensure the resource conservation of machinery is a topical issue of machine-tractor fleet operation. Autotractor transmission resource is considerably dependent on the quality of lubricating material used. Since the energy-saving and lubricating potential of petroleum oils has been exhausted, base functional additives are introduced into modern transmission oils (TO) for the purpose of decreasing the friction and wear of parts. Sulphur-, phosphorus- and chlorine-containing compounds are used as anti-wear and anti-seize agents for mechanical transmissions. The amount of such additives in TO can exceed 5–7%. The study has carried out a complex investigation into the impact of one- and two-component nano-sized powdered additives on the operational properties of TAP-15V GOST 23652-79 (TM-3-18 GOST 17479.2-85) TO. It has been determined that the introduction of powdered tin bronze with aluminum oxide Br-K (40–80 nm dispersion level) into base TO raises its antifriction, antiwear and antiseize properties. After a series of experiments on a friction machine, the study has determined the maximum decrease in friction momentum to be 17%. The wear of specimens was found to decrease by 2.5, the load and time till seize-up increase by 18 and 33% respectively compared to commodity TO. The work has used Box – Wilson method to determine the optimal composition and concentration of Br-K transmission oil additive. Comparative tests of the TAP-15V + NP Br-K experimental lubricating composition in operation conditions on "BELARUS" 80.1 tractors have shown that the average wear speed of transmission parts lubricated with TO with Br-K additive is 30–45% lower than of those lubricated with commodity TO without the additive.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Bykova, E.V., Russian State Agrarian Univ., Moscow

The purpose of the study is to develop an additive for paint and lacquer materials that increase corrosion resistance properties of coatings by combination of barrier and tyre-tread methods. Several variants of additives consisting of benzotriazol (7.50-19.5 mass %), product of glycidyl methacrylate and boric acid with molar ratio of 0.5:1 (0.5-2.5%), and product of boron acid condensation, diisopropanolamine and phthalic acid with molar ratio of 1:(2-3):1 (80-92%). The proposed additive is a colorless viscous liquid with the following characteristics: kinematic viscosity at 100 deg C is not more than 55 cSt; amine number - at least 42 mgHCI/g; ash content - absent; flash point in open crucible - not lower than 200 deg C. In comparison with analogues it was found that penetrability of the proposed compositions of the additive is higher by 9.8-9.9%; impregnating ability - is better by 20.8-26.1%; the indicators of water displacement from steel - improved by 10%. The samples coated with additives of proposed composition were corrosion resistant even after 21 days in contrast to control samples, where spots appeared on 2.5% of the surface. The conclusion was that the use of the proposed additive allows to produce anti-corrosive composition with high protective value and specified performance characteristics. | Цель исследований – разработка добавки к лакокрасочным материалам, увеличивающей антикоррозионные свойства покрытий за счет сочетания барьерных и протекторных свойств. Сравнивали несколько вариантов добавок, содержащих бензотриазол (7,50-19,5 масс. %), продукт взаимодействия глицидилметакрилата и борной кислоты в мольном соотношении 0,5:1 (0,5-2,5%), а также продукт конденсации борной кислоты, диизопропаноламина и фталевой кислоты в мольном соотношении 1:(2-3):1 (80-92%). Предлагаемая добавка представляет собой бесцветную вязкую жидкость со следующими характеристиками: кинематическая вязкость при температуре 100 град. С – не более 55 сСт; аминное число – не менее 42 мгHCI/ г; зольность – отсутствует; температура вспышки в открытом тигле – не ниже 200 град. С. Установлено в сравнении с аналогами, что проникающая способность предлагаемых составов добавки выше на 9,8-9,9%; пропитывающая способность - лучше на 20,8-26,1%; показатели водовытеснения со стали - лучше на 10%. На образцах, покрытых добавками предлагаемого состава, коррозия через 21 сутки не проявлялась в отличие от контрольных образцов, где появились точки на 2-5 % поверхности. Cделан вывод, что использование предложенной добавки позволит получить антикоррозионный состав с высокой защитной эффективностью и заданными эксплуатационными свойствами.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Kachmazov, G.S. | Bagaeva, U.V. | Kochieva, V.A., The K.L. Khetagurov North Ossetia State Univ.

There was studied the influence of aqueous extracts of different plants, as well as an yeast autolysate (YA) and yeast liming (YL) on the fermentation activity (FA) of bakery yeasts (BY). The FA was estimated by the gas production rate and dynamics. The experiment involved a fresh compressed BY "Record". The FA was determined with a specially designed pressure-operated device and expressed in mm Hg. The pressure gauge indications (PGI) were recorded every 30 min. the total incubation time was 150 min. An additive-free medium was control. Upon completion of the experiment PGI in control were 102 mm Hg. In the variants with marjoram and hollyhock flowers PGI were slightly lower (94 and 96 mm Hg, respectively), and in the variants with aloe and eleuterococcus they were slightly higher (108 mm Hg) than in control. PGI in variants with YA and YL were 150 and 120 mm Hg. In the variant with mistletoe, chestnut and rooibos leaves, grape seeds, ribwort and raspberry leaves, sweet calamus rhizomes PGI were 132, 186, 198, 176, 248, 200 and more tan 300 mm Hg, respectively. It has been concluded that to achieve the maximum level of PGI of BY, they should be cultivated on a medium with a protein-mineral-plant additive comprising YL, YA, mistletoe and one of: ribwort, raspberry, calamus. | Изучали влияние водных экстрактов различных растений, а также дрожжевого автолизата (ДА) и дрожжевой золки (ДЗ) на бродильную активность (БА) хлебопекарных дрожжей (ХД). БА оценивали по скорости и динамике газообразования. В эксперименте использовали свежие прессованные ХД "Рекорд". БА определяли на специально разработанном манометрическом приборе и выражали в мм рт. ст. Показания манометра (ПМ) регистрировали каждые 30 мин. Общее время инкубации составляло 150 мин. Контролем (КН) являлась среда без добавок. По окончании эксперимента ПМ в КН составили 102 мм рт. ст. В вариантах (ВР) с цветами душицы и мальвы ПМ были немного ниже (94 и 96 мм рт. ст. соответственно), а в ВР с алоэ и элеутерококком – несколько выше (108 мм рт. ст.), чем в КН. ПМ в ВР с ДА и ДЗ были на уровне 150 и 120 мм рт. ст. В ВР с омелой, листьями каштана и ройбуша, косточками винограда, листьями подорожника и малины, корневищами аира ПМ составили 132, 186, 198, 176, 248, 200 и болше 300 мм рт. ст. соответственно. Сделан вывод, что для достижения максимального уровня БА ХД их следует культивировать на среде с белково-минерально-растительной добавкой включающей в свой состав ДЗ, ДА, омелу и один из следующих компонентов: подорожник, малину, аир.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Sable, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Forest Faculty

Promocijas darbs izstrādāts LLU Meža fakultātes Kokapstrādes katedrā, eksperimentālos darbus veicot Latvijas Valsts Koksnes ķīmijas institūta Celulozes laboratorijā, kā arī Koksnes tehnoloģiju institūtā Drēzdenē, Vācijā. Promocijas darba mērķis ir Latvijā augošu koku sugu koksnes šķiedru saistīšanās spēju uzlabošana ar mehānisku priekšapstrādi un no vietējiem, dabiskiem resursiem iegūtām piedevām. Promocijas darba uzdevumi: 1. Izdalīt koksnes šķiedras ar ķīmiskās un mehāniskās metodes palīdzību, noteikt to īpašības. 2. Novērtēt malšanas ietekmi uz koksnes šķiedru saistīšanās spējām. 3. Noteikt no apses hibrīdu koksnes iegūtas celulozes nanodaļiņu piedevu ietekmi uz šķiedru saistīšanās spējām. 4. Noteikt cietes piedevas ietekmi uz šķiedru saistīšanās spējām. Promocijas darba nodaļu strukturējums: 1. Koksnes šķiedras. 2. Izmantotie materiāli un metodes. 3. Pētījumu rezultāti. 4. Secinājumi. 5. Rekomendācijas. | The study is made at the department of Wood Processing of the LUA and the experiments being performed at the laboratory of Cellulose in the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry and Institute of Wood Technologies in Dresden, Germany. Aim of the thesis is to improve the bonding of wood fibres of Latvian-grown tree species with a refining and additives obtained from local, natural resources. Tasks of the thesis are: 1. To obtain fibres from wood with chemical and thermo-mechanical methods and determine their properties. 2. To assess the effect of refining on the bonding of wood fibres. 3. To determine the effect of cellulose nanoparticle additives obtained from wood of aspen hybrid on bonding of wood fibres. 4. To determine the effect of starch additive on the bonding of wood fibres. The structure of the thesis: 1. Wood fibres 2. Materials and methods applied. 3. Results of research. 4. Conclusions. 5.Recommendations.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2016

Dubrovskis, V., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava

Maize silage is widely used as the raw material in biogas plants, and its fermentation takes a long time. Different additives were used to achieve faster and better decomposition of silage biomass. The additive MM1 (composed of Melafen and Metaferm mixtures) was tested in this study at three different concentration levels of efficiency. The study was performed in 16 bioreactors filled with inoculums, added maize silage and additive MM1 in an amount of 1, 2 or 3 ml. Anaerobic fermentation was performed in 0.75 l bioreactors operating in batch mode at a temperature of 38 ºC. The higher average biogas yield improvement was obtained from bioreactors with 2 ml (by 3.8 %) or 3 ml (by 1.3 %) MM1additive. The addition of MM1 at any concentration to maize silage substrate resulted in an increase in the methane content in biogas up to 3.7 % compared to maize silage substrate processed without MM1 additive. Usage of additive MMI for enhancement of the anaerobic fermentation process can be regarded as useful as the increased methane content in biogas can lower the carbon dioxide emissions and improve the overall efficiency of biogas cogeneration plants.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia