AGRIS - 

2022

Grushko, M.P. | Fedorova, N.N.

The purpose of the research was to consider pathological characteristics of tissues and organs of blackback shads (Alosa kessleri kessleri) in different years. Results of a comparative analysis of pathohistological changes in the organs were taken into account, since this method allows revealing pathological changes in fish organs and tissues, and a comparative analysis of histomorphological parameters of blackback shads in different years allowed determining changes in the degree and level of a pathological process in the course of time. There were studied the matured species of blackback shads Alosa kessleri kessleri (Grimm) caught for analysis during the spawning run in the Volga River in 2014 and 2021. 600 histological sections of organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines, and gills) in 37 species were prepared and analyzed. The species selected for the study were 2 and 3 years old. The material was processed by the classical histological methods. Pathomorphological study of blackback shad organs in different years showed that the studied fish species experienced high stress. There was found a wide range of pathologies which could be caused by a chronic ingestion of pollutants from the environment. It is noted that the organs through which pollutants enter the body are most affected (gills, liver, kidneys). The main manifestations of a pathological process were edema, microcirculatory disorders, necrosis, inflammation, connective tissue overgrowth, epithelial hyperplasia. All the detected pathological changes in fish organs arose in response to the modern environment, which are characterized by disorders resulting from significant changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. | Цель работы - рассмотрение патологических характеристик тканей и органов сельди-черноспинки (Alosa kessleri kessleri) в разные годы. Учитывались результаты сравнительного анализа патогистологических изменений внутренних органов сельди, т. к. этот метод позволяет выявить патологические изменения на органном и тканевом уровне организации рыбы, а сравнительный анализ гистоморфологических параметров сельди-черноспинки в разные годы позволил определить изменения степени и уровня патологического процесса с течением времени. Были исследованы половозрелые особи сельди-черноспинки Alosa kessleri kessleri (Grimm), взятые для анализа во время нерестового хода в р. Волга в 2014 и 2021 гг. Изготовлено и проанализировано 600 гистологических срезов органов (печень, почки, селезенка, кишечник, жабры) от 37 особей. Возраст рыб, отобранных для изучения, составлял 2 и 3 года. Материал обрабатывали классическими гистологическими методами. По результатам патоморфологического исследования состояния органов сельди-черноспинки в разные годы установлено, что представители изучаемых рыб испытывали сильный стресс. Выявлено наличие широкого спектра патологий, которые могут быть вызваны хроническим поступлением загрязняющих веществ в окружающую среду. Отмечается, что больше всего страдают органы, через которые загрязняющие вещества попадают в организм: жабры, печень и почки. Основными проявлениями патологического процесса были отек, микроциркуляторные расстройства, некроз, воспаление, разрастания соединительной ткани, гиперплазия эпителия. Все обнаруженные патологические изменения в органах рыб возникли в ответ на современные условия, которые характеризуются нарушением в результате значительных изменений в водных и наземных экосистемах.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Gerunov, V.I. | Gerunova, L.K. | Pleshakova, V.I. | Shilkov, A.A. | Koshkin, I.N.

Diarrhea of newborn calves takes an important place in the morbidity in young cattle. The aim of the study was to establish pathogenetically significant morphological changes in the organs and tissues of newborn calves with diarrhea. After an external examination of the corpses, an autopsy and a macroscopic examination of the organs were carried out with the preparation of smears-prints and staining of them according to Gram. The pathological material was fixed in 4% neutral formaldehyde solution, Carnoy's liquid and cold acetone. Sections were obtained from paraffin and frozen blocks on a rotary and sled microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as using the Van Gieson method. Nucleic acids were detected by gallocyanin-chromium alum according to Einarson, total protein – by bromophenol blue according to Bonheg's method, neutral fats - by Sudan III according to Herxheimer. Glycogen and neutral glycosaminoglycans were determined using the periodic acid Schiff reaction according to the Shabadash method, acidic glycosaminoglycans – by Steadman's alcian blue. To determine the activity of alkaline phosphatase, the Gomori method was used. Histo-examination revealed vascular and dystrophic changes in the organs. Loosening and swelling of the connective tissue based on the submucosal and muscular layers was noted in the proventriculus. In the abomasum, the pyloric glands were short, with weak branching. In the duodenum, in some areas, the villi and glands do not have a clear structure, the swollen epithelium is rejected from the basement membrane. In the small intestine, edema of the own and submucous layers of the mucous membrane is observed. In the gastrointestinal tract, the activity of alkaline phosphatase sharply decreases, RNA synthesis is disrupted, and the amount of glycosaminoglycans increases. The presence of microorganisms in smear-imprints of parenchymal organs has not been established. The results of the study indicate the directions of the search for means of pathogenetic therapy. | Диарея новорожденных телят занимает важное место в структуре заболеваемости молодняка крупного рогатого скота. Цель исследования – установить патогенетически значимые морфологические изменения в органах и тканях телят при диарее новорожденных. После внешнего осмотра трупов проведено вскрытие и макроскопическое исследование органов с приготовлением мазков-отпечатков и окрашиванием их по Граму. Патологический материал фиксировали в 4%-ном нейтральном растворе формальдегида, жидкости Карнуа и холодном ацетоне. Срезы получали с парафиновых и замороженных блоков на ротационном и санном микротомах. Окраску срезов проводили гематоксилином и эозином, а также по методу Ван Гизона. Нуклеиновые кислоты (ДНК и РНК) выявляли галлоцианин-хромовыми квасцами по Эйнарсону, общий белок – бромфеноловым синим по методу Бонхега, нейтральные жиры – суданом III по Герксгеймеру. Гликоген и нейтральные гликозаминогликаны (ГАГ) определяли с помощью ШИК-реакции по методу Шабадаша, кислые гликозаминогликаны – альциановым синим по Стидмену. Для определения активности щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ) использовали метод Гомори. При гистоисследовании установлены сосудистые и дистрофические изменения в органах. В преджелудках отмечали разрыхление и отечность соединительнотканной основы подслизистого и мышечного слоев. В сычуге пилорические железы короткие, со слабым разветвлением и малыми просветами. В двенадцатиперстной кишке на отдельных участках ворсинки и железы не имеют четкой структуры, набухший эпителий отторгается от базальной мембраны. В тонком кишечнике наблюдается отек собственного и подслизистого слоев слизистой оболочки. Кровеносные сосуды расширены. В желудочно-кишечном тракте резко снижается активность щелочной фосфатазы, нарушается синтез РНК, возрастает количество гликозаминогликанов. Наличие микроорганизмов в мазках-отпечатках паренхиматозных органов не установлено. Результаты исследования указывают направления поиска средств патогенетической терапии.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Burova, O.A. | Blokhin, A.A. | Liskova, E.A., Research and Development Veterinary Inst. of Nonchernozem Zone of Russian Federation, Nizhnij Novgorod

Presents the results of clinical, pathologo-anatomic, histopathologic and bacteriologic studies at an experimental infection caused by an injection to 2—dau old calves of 15, 20 and 35.0 ml of Rhodococcus equi suspension (1.0 million CFU/ml). It was estimated that the pathologianatomic pattern of sepsis caused by rhodococci is characterized by impaired homeostasis occurring as disseminated intravascular coagulation, sludge-phenomenon, hemorrhages in the mucous and serous membranes, systemic vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of the microvasculature. Changes in the internal organs are characterized by a serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, abomasitis, enteritis, colitis and pattern associated with the deposition of immune complexes - serous glomerulonephritis. There are phenomena of hyperemia of stasis, degenerative and necrotic processes with bacterial emboli in the lumen of blood vessels in the parenchymatous organs. The spleen looks loke septic spleen. Organs of the immune system are characterized by the decrease of level of structural components and the complete absence of germinal centers. The decrease of level of important structural components (lymphocytes) in the organs of immunogenesis in calves, the absence of the marked inflammatory reaction indicate a worsening of immunosuppression in the development of septic process and the failure of protective mechanisms against the expansion of opportunistic microorganisms. The changes described are characteristic for sepsis with development of multiple organ failure caused by autointoxication and damages of parenchymatous organs. The presented data prove the involvement of rhodococci in the group of opportunistic microorganisms in the development of sepsis as terminal stage of infectious process at infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms. The constant persistence of rhodococci in the composition of the microbiocenosis of the biotopes of the bovine gastrointestinal tract determines the high risk of their involvement in the development of infectious pathology. | Представлены результаты клинических, патологоанатомических, патогистологических и бактериологических исследований при экспериментальной инъекции 2-дневным телятам 15, 20 и 35 мл суспензии Rhodococcus equi (1,0 млн КОЕ/мл). Показано, что микроскопическая картина при родококковом сепсисе характеризуется выраженными нарушениями гемостаза, проявляющимися тромбогеморрагическим синдромом, сладж-феноменом, кровоизлияниями в слизистых и серозных оболочках, системным васкулитом с фибриноидным некрозом микроциркуляторного русла. Изменения во внутренних органах характеризуются серозно-геморрагическим лимфаденитом, катарально-геморрагическим абомазитом, энтеритом, колитом и картиной, связанной с отложением иммунных комплексов: серозным гломерулонефритом. В паренхиматозных органах отмечаются явления застойной гиперемии, дистрофических и некротических процессов с наличием в просвете кровеносных сосудов бактериальных эмболов. Селезенка выглядит как септическая. В органах иммунной системы отмечается обеднение структурных компонентов иммунокомпетентными клетками и полное отсутствие герминативных центров. Обеднение органов иммуногенеза телят функционально значимыми структурными компонентами (лимфоцитами), отсутствие выраженной воспалительной реакции свидетельствует об усугублении иммунодепрессии в ходе развития септического процесса и несостоятельности защитных механизмов против экспансии микроорганизмов-оппортунистов. Описанные изменения характерны для сепсиса с развитием полиорганной недостаточности, обусловленной аутоинтоксикацией и поражением паренхиматозных органов. Представленные данные доказывают участие родококков в составе микроорганизмов условно-патогенной группы в развитии сепсиса как терминальной стадии инфекционного процесса при оппортунистических инфекциях. При этом постоянная персистенция родококков в составе микробиоценоза биотопов желудочно-кишечного тракта крупного рогатого скота определяет высокий риск их участия в развитии инфекционной патологии.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Piginka-Vjaceslavova, I., Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga (Latvia);Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Ansonska, L., Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga (Latvia) | .

Abortion of ruminants is a major cause of economic loss worldwide. However, there are no studies that documented the pathology associated with calf loss in Latvia. The objective of this study was to investigate pathological changes of abortion and stillborn calves and to compare them with laboratory testing results. Investigation carried out from January to April 2017. Postmortem examination was done for 12 abortions and 4 stillborn calves. An abortion was defined as foetus before 8th month of gestation, a stillbirth – at least 8th month of gestation that died at or within 1 h of birth, or was found dead. Heart, lung, spleen, liver, kidney, brain, gastric content were collected for bacteriological investigation and PCR testing of Q-fever and Schmallenberg virus. Blood samples were collected and investigated to antibodies of Brucella, Leptospira, Listeria, Q-fever, Schmallenberg virus and parainfluenza-3 virus. Infectious agent was detected in 56.25% cases and 43.75% of calf had unknown cause of death. Listeria spp. was found in more than half of cases with infection (55.6%). Abnormal development of skeleton was found in two calves, one caused by Schmallenberg virus. Most common pathologies were subcutaneous serous hemorrhagic infiltrates, thoracic and abdomen cavity effusion in calves with and without infection, many of these cases did not have other macroscopic changes. Range of macroscopic lesions in calves were limited. Postmortem changes could impact detection of macroscopic lesions in calves. Research needs to continue with histological examination for identification of unknown cause of calf death.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2014

Berzina, D., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Preclinical Inst.

Šī darba mērķis ir apkopot un izanalizēt pēdējo gadu laikā LLU Veterinārmedicīnas fakultātē (VMF) veikto medījamo dzīvnieku līķu un to ķermeņa daļu tiesu veterinārmedicīnas ekspertīžu rezultātus. Darbā analizētas VMF veiktās tiesu veterinārmedicīnas ekspertīzes medījamo dzīvnieku līķiem un to ķermeņu daļām, lai noskaidrotu atbildes uz kriminālprocesos un administratīvo pārkāpumu lietās uzdotajiem jautājumiem. Dzīvnieka nāves cēloņa un miesas bojājumu noskaidrošanai veikta līķu patologanatomiskā sekcija vai ķermeņa daļu morfoloģiskā apskate, kā arī histoloģiskā izmeklēšana miesas bojājumu rašanās laika noteikšanai. Metālu saturošu svešķermeņu – ložu, skrošu u.c. šāviņu daļu konstatēšanai izmantota rentgenoloģiskā izmeklēšana. | The aim of this paper is to collect and analyze in recent years at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine LUA (VMF) carried out for the purpose of game animal carcasses and body parts courts veterinary examinations results. In research the judicial expertise in veterinary medicine of the game carcasses and body parts carried out by the VMF is analyzes to find out the answers to the questions of the criminal and administrative violation cases. To clarify the cause of animals’ death and personal injury, the pathological anatomy section is done or morphological examination of the body parts, as well as histological investigation for determination of bodily injury to timing. To detect of metal-containing foreign matter - bullets, shot, etc. part of the projectile an X-ray investigation is used.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2012

Prudnikov, V.S. | Gromov, I.N. | Lazovskaya, N.O. | Selikhanova, M.K., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine

The article deals with pathomorphological changes in chickens during the experimental and spontaneous course of infectious anaemia. Characteristics of clinical and pathoanatomical manifestation of infectious anaemia associated with infectious bursal disease, reovirus and metapneumovirus infection have been described. The role of histologic studies in the diagnosis of mono- and associative course of infectious chicken anaemia has been shown

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2011

Samsonovich, V.A. | Zhukov, A.I., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine

Study on strongyloidosis effect on some hematological parameters and pathomorphological modification in pig (Porcus) organism was realized in laboratory conditions of Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus). Blood examinations were researched before infested with strongyloidosis, on 3, 7, 10, 15 and 25 days after infested with strongyloidosis. In blood serum of infested with strongyloidosis pigs the following was marked: hypo total protein (55,70+/-1,67 – 47,37+/-0,75 g/l), and protein fractions (albumen – 33,47+/-1,64 – 20,13+/-0,80 g/l; alpha-globulins – 19,73+/-0,77 – 14,80+/-1,78 g/l; beta-globulins – 27,23+/-0,39 – 18,70+/-0,85 g/l; gamma-globulins – 31,43+/-0,35 – 16,87+/-0,86 g/l), leukocytosis (12,3+/-0,57 – 19,97+/-1,12*10E9/l). Considerable modifications of organs and tissues were set during pathological study. In lungs there were disclosed changes, which specific to lobular catarrhal bronchopneumonia. Symptoms of acute catarrhal inflammation were dominated in gaster, small intestine and large intestine. In hepar there were marked symptoms of granular degeneration and at times hepatic steatosis. Symptoms of stroma hydrops and sporadic hemorrhages were found in pancreatic gland.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2010

Borse Tushar | Kulkarni Manoj | Chaphalkar Sushama

Jatropha (Jatropha curcus) is an alternative resource for biodiesel. To boost the rural economy in sustainable manner it is estimated that 30 Million hector plantation may replace current use of fossil fuel. Although Jatropha has an inbuilt ability to grow under water limited conditions, scanty information is available about natural genetic variation for water stress tolerance. Three local genotypes from Pune district were collected and initially screened by imparting artificial stress using PEG – 6000. Seedlings were subjected to increasing concentration of PEG – 6000 (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 gm/l) to study effect on growth parameters. The root growth, number of secondary roots, true leaf expansion at morphological level and palisade mesophyll height, xylem vessel expansion at anatomical level showed drastic negative impact as compared to control. It is worth to note that local germplasm performance was categorized into susceptible group as compared to tolerant genotype [Chattisgadh Selection] indicating need for genetic improvement. These genotypes were further studied at molecular level with RAPD and ISSR markers to amplify genetic variation. Polymorphic bands from Chattisgadh selection genotype are being evaluated for their usefulness as markers for water stress tolerance.

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Russian Academy of Sciences - Russian Federation

2010

Vernere-Keisa, N., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Berzina, D., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Matise, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

In this article, the pathologists of the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine provides readers with an overview on sent material diversity and diagnosis that are installed on the basis of diagnostic investigations. In this issue, an insight into two dog deaths (pathologist Nikola Vernere-Keiša), an overview of the replies sent biopsies with a deeper insight about seeing tumors in dogs and cats (pathologist Ilze Matīse) and an overview of the performed forensic expertise (Dace Bērziņa) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine is given. | Šajā rakstā VMF Patoloģiskā anatomijas laboratorijas patologi sniedz lasītājiem ieskatu par iesūtītā materiāla daudzveidību un diagnozēm, kas uzstādītas, pamatojoties uz diagnostisko izmeklēšanu. Šajā numurā - ieskats divos suņu nāves gadījumos (patologs Nikola Vernere-Keiša), pārskats par iesūtītajām biopsijām ar dziļāku ieskatu par redzētajiem audzējiem suņiem un kaķiem (patologs Ilze Matīse) un pārskats par VMF veiktajām tiesu ekspertīzēm (Dace Bērziņa).

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia