AGRIS - 

2023

Denisova, E.A. | Goryainova, G.M. | Arsen'eva, L.V. | Babunova, V.S. | Lavina, S.A. | Obukhov, I.L.

The technique for determining the residual amounts of antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) and anthelmintic substances in fish products was tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunomicrochip technology used in the study were determined. Residual amounts of anthelmintic drugs in different fish species were determined in accordance with the Randox Laboratories Ltd instructions for the Evidence investigator semi-automated scanning chemiluminometer and the Anthelmintics Array test system. To determine the residual amounts of AMDs in fish the Antimicrobial Array I Ultra, Antimicrobial Array II Plus and Antimicrobial Array III test systems were used. Reference tests were carried out by the express method of determining antibiotics according to the current State Standard (GOST 31903-2012). Using the Anthelmintics Array test system, the detection limit (DL) of 7 active substances ranging from 0.15 to 6.50 mcg/L was found out. The data obtained were more accurate than those claimed by the manufacturer. A similar work was carried out with Antimicrobial Array line test systems. It has been established that with the help of Antimicrobial Array I Ultra, it is possible to simultaneously determine up to 30 AMDs and sulfonamides from 1.6 to 6.5 mcg/L; Antimicrobial Array II Plus – up to 30 AMDs (including 9 tetracyclines and 18 quinolones) with DL of 0.9 to 14.0 mcg/L; Antimicrobial Array III – 12 AMDs, including chloramphenicol, with DL of 0.06 to 0.20 mcg/L. Further, the studies have confirmed the high specificity of the method, the absence of cross-reactions between drugs of different groups. No residues of AMDs and anthelmintic drugs were found in fish samples taken from commercial enterprises. The tested technique has been recognized as promising for monitoring and screening studies of fish products. | Апробировали методику определения остаточных количеств антибактериальных препаратов (АБП) и антигельминтных веществ в рыбной продукции. Определяли чувствительность и специфичность иммуномикрочиповой технологии, применяемой в исследовании. Остаточные количества антигельминтных препаратов в рыбе разных видов определяли в соответствии с инструкциями фирмы Randox Laboratories Ltd к полуавтоматическому сканирующему хемилюминометру Evidence investigator и к тест-системе Anthelmintics Array. Для определения остаточных количеств АБП в рыбе использовали тест-системы Antimicrobial Array I Ultra, Antimicrobial Array II Plus, Antimicrobial Array III. Контрольные испытания проводили экспресс-методом определения антибиотиков согласно ГОСТ 31903-2012. С помощью тест-системы Anthelmintics Array был установлен предел обнаружения (ПО) 7 действующих веществ, составивший от 0,15 до 6,50 мкг/л. Полученные данные были более точными, чем заявленные производителем. Аналогичную работу провели с тест-системами линейки Antimicrobial Array. Установили, что с помощью Antimicrobial Array I Ultra можно одновременно определить до 30 АБП и сульфаниламидов с ПО 1,6-6,5 мкг/л; Antimicrobial Array II Plus – до 30 АБП (включая 9 тетрациклинов и 18 хинолонов) с ПО 0,9-14,0 мкг/л; Antimicrobial Array III – 12 АБП, в т.ч. хлорамфеникол, с ПО 0,06-0,20 мкг/л. Далее исследованиями подтвердили высокую специфичность метода, отсутствие перекрестных реакций между препаратами разных групп. В образцах рыбы, отобранных из торговых предприятий, остатков АБП и антигельминтных препаратов не выявили. Протестированная методика признана перспективной при проведении мониторинговых и скрининговых исследований рыбной продукции.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Lednev, A.V. | Lozhkin, A.V., Udmurtiya State Research and Development Inst. of Agriculture

The influence of a wide range of oil pollution doses (from 1 to 60 g/kg abs. dry soil) on toxicological and agrochemical indicators of soddy-podzolic soils was studied by field and laboratory methods. It has been shown that the most common in practice (stipulated by the GOST) method of determining the content of petroleum products using IR-spectrophotometry allows determining in polluted soil from 63 to 94% of these compounds. A toxicological analysis was carried out on 2 test objects: Paramecium caudatum Her и Daphnia magna Straus. An acute toxic effect of oil on them was observed when the content of oil products in soil was 4.7 g/kg. As the Standard for permissible residual oil content and its transformation products for soddy-podzolic loamy soils in conditions of the Udmurt Republic, it was proposed to use the content of oil products – 4.3 g/kg. The negative impact of oil pollution on the amount of exchange bases in the soil and the content of mineral nutrients in it has been established. The parameters of changes of these agrochemical indicators were directly dependent on the level of pollution, which allows them to be used as indirect indicators to assess the degree of contamination of soddy-podzolic soils with oil products. | Полевыми и лабораторными методами изучено влияние широкого диапазона доз нефтяного загрязнения (от 1 до 60 г/кг абс. сух. почвы) на токсикологические и агрохимические показатели дерново-подзолистых почв. Показано, что наиболее распространенный на практике (предусмотренный ГОСТом) метод определения содержания нефтепродуктов с помощью ИК-спектрофотометрии позволяет определить в загрязненной почве от 63 до 94% этих соединений. Проведен токсикологический анализ на 2 тест-объектах: Paramecium caudatum Her и Daphnia magna Straus. Острое токсическое действие нефти на них наблюдали при содержании нефтепродуктов в почве 4,7 г/кг. Предложено в качестве Норматива допустимого остаточного содержания нефти и продуктов ее трансформации для дерново-подзолистых суглинистых почв в условиях Удмуртской Республики использовать содержание нефтепродуктов 4,3 г/кг. Установлено негативное влияние нефтяного загрязнения на сумму обменных оснований в почве и содержание в ней элементов минерального питания. Параметры изменений этих агрохимических показателей находились в прямой зависимости от уровня загрязнения, что позволяет их использовать в качестве косвенных показателей для оценки степени загрязнения дерново-подзолистых почв нефтепродуктами.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Kostyuk, A.V. | Lukacheva, N.G., Far Eastern Research and Development Inst. of Plant Protection, Primorsky Krai

The sensitivity to MaisTer herbicide was studied in 12 agricultural crops under conditions of the vegetation house (2012) and in the experimental fields in Primorye in 2013, 2015, and 2016. Soils were brown meadow podzolized, containing 3.5% of humus in the arable horizon. It was found that beet, cucumber, carrot, cabbage, tomato, radish and buckwheat showed high sensitivity to active ingredients of MaisTer herbicide (foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron). A dose reducing the weight of these test crops by 50% was 0.1–6.0 g a.i./ha. For rice, mustard, barley, soybean and wheat, this figure was from 13.0 to 20.5 g a.i./ha, significative of their high sensitivity to MaisTer herbicide. The data on tolerance for herbicide residues in brown meadow soil that fluctuate from 0.003 to 14.8 g a.i./ha depending on a crop, confirm this conditional gradation of crops as to sensitivity signs. It was found that 3 of 5 agricultural crops (mustard, buckwheat and beet) used as test plants showed the presence of residues of MaisTer herbicide active ingredients in brown meadow soil. Four months after applying herbicide in consumption rate of 150 g/ha (46.5 g a.i./ha), 7.4–9.3 g a.i./ha, or 16–20%, remained in soil; at consumption rate of 300 g/ha (93 g a.i./ha), 10.5–10.9 g a.i./ha, or 11–12%, remained in soil. Eleven months later, 2.8–3.7% of herbicide active ingredients may persist in brown meadow soil. Next year, when growing buckwheat and soybean in the experimental land plot treated with MaisTer herbicide, no aftereffect on the plants and yields of these crops was revealed, even in consumption rates doubling the recommended one. The yields of buckwheat green mass and soybean seeds did not significantly differ from those in the herbicide-free variant. | Проведены исследования чувствительности 12 с.-х культур к гербициду МайсТер в условиях вегетационного домика (2012 г.) на опытных полях в Приморье в 2013, 2015 и 2016 гг. Почва – лугово-бурая оподзоленная, содержащая в пахотном горизонте 3,5% гумуса. Установлено, что свекла, огурец, морковь, капуста, томаты, редис и гречиха проявили очень высокую чувствительность к действующим веществам (д.в.) гербицида МайсТер (форамсульфурон + йодосульфурон). Доза, снижающая массу этих тест-культур на 50%, составила 0,1–6,0 г д.в./га Для риса, горчицы, ячменя, сои и пшеницы этот показатель был на уровне 13,0–20,5 г д.в./га что свидетельствует об их высокой чувствительности к гербициду МайсТер. Данные по предельно допустимым количествам гербицида в лугово-бурой почве, которые в зависимости от культуры колеблются от 0,003 до 14,8 г д.в./га, подтверждают эту условную градацию культур по признакам чувствительности. Определено, что три (горчица, гречиха и свекла) из пяти с.-х. культур, использовавшихся в качестве тест-растений, показали наличие остатков действующих веществ гербицида МайсТер в лугово-бурой почве. Через 4 мес. после его внесения в норме расхода 150 г/га (46,5 г д.в./га) в почве сохранилось 7,4–9,3 г д.в./га, или 16–20%, а от 300 г/га (93 г д.в./га) осталось 10,5–10,9 г/га, или 11–12%. Спустя 11 мес. в лугово-бурой почве может сохраниться до 2,8–3,7 г д.в./га. При посеве на следующий год гречихи и сои на опытном участке, обработанном МайсТером, не выявлено последействия на растения и урожайность этих культур даже в нормах расхода двукратных от рекомендованных. Урожайность зеленой массы гречихи и семян сои существенно не отличалась от безгербицидного варианта.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Shabunin, S.V. | Vostroilova, G.A. | Bliznetsova, G.N., All-Russia Research and Development Veterinary Inst. of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Voronezh

The developed mode for the complete extraction and high-sensitivity method for ciminalum detection in muscle tissue, parenchymatous organs and milk allowed to investigate the residual quantity of preparations cidisept-o and cidisept-gel in animal husbandry products. Absorption of its active substance in organs and tissues depends on the drug dosage form and application method. 24 hours after the last injection of cidisept-o the residual quantity of ciminalum was detected in all investigated organs and biological liquids of piglets. The highest its concentration was observed in the liver 8.55±0.22 mg/kg. Then organs and biological liquids can be ranged in descending order as follows: kidneys (7.04±0.65 µg/g), urine (6.63±0.37 µg/ml), lugs (5.79±0.29 µg/g), blood (3.69±0.31 µg/ml), and muscles (1.42±0.11 µg/g). In three days the residual quantities of the preparation was detected only in muscles. On the 7th day after the last injection of the preparation ciminalum is absence in all organs, tissues and liquids of piglets. In the experiment with cows in a day after five-day application of cidisept-gel the active substance is absence in milk and blood. Thus, when using cidisept-o, slaughter of animals for meat can not be allowed earlier than in 7 days after the last preparation injection. With an external application of cidisept-gel dates after the preparation treatment for slaughter of animals for meat, milk and other production usage are not limited. | Разработанный способ наиболее полной экстракции и высокочувствительный метод обнаружения циминаля в мышечной ткани, паренхиматозных органах и молоке позволили изучить остаточные количества препаратов цидисепт-о и цидисепт-гель в продуктах животноводства. Абсорбция их действующего вещества в органы и ткани зависит от лекарственной формы препарата и способа применения. Через сутки после последнего введения цидисепта-о остаточные количества циминаля обнаружены во всех исследованных органах и биологических жидкостях поросят. Наибольшая его концентрация выявлена в печени 8,55±0,22 мкг/г. Далее органы и биологические жидкости можно распределить в порядке убывания следующим образом: почки (7,04±0,65 мкг/г), моча (6,63±0,37 мкг/мл), легкие (5,79±0,29 мкг/г), кровь (3,69±0,31 мкг/мл), мышцы (1,42±0,11 мкг/г). Через 3 сут. следовые количества препарата обнаружены только в мышцах. На 7 сут. после последнего введения препарата циминаль отсутствует во всех органах, тканях и жидкостях организма поросят. В опыте на коровах через сутки после пятидневного применения цидисепт-геля активно действующее вещество в молоке и крови отсутствует. Таким образом, при использовании цидисепта-о убой животных на мясо может быть разрешен не ранее, чем через 7 сут. после последнего введения препарата. При наружном применении цидисепт-геля сроки убоя животных на мясо, использования молока и другой продукции после обработки препаратом не ограничены.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Burkin, M.A., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow

The conditions of high-sensitive indirect solid-phase competitive EIA (ISP EIA) were optimized to control residual quantities of laevomycetin in main types of livestock productions. As is shown, ISP EIA based on polyclonal rabbit antibodies to laevomycetin . Conjugated with bovine serum albumin and immobilized conjugate antigens with egg albumin, rabbit serum albumin and gelatin allows determining the residual quantities of laevomycetin. In solutions to the concentration of 0.1 nanog/ml and determining it in milk with sensitivity to up to 0.3 microgram/kg, in meat and eggs – 1 microgram/kg using a simple procedure of sample preparation. Studying samples of muscular tissue and internal organs in hens in an experiment with intragastrically administration of laevomycetin succinate in a dose of 300 mg has shown that the contamination level of muscular tissue was 635 microgram/kg, liver – 330- microgram/kg and heart – 200 microgram/kg. In 5 h after readministration of the antibiotic the residual quantities of laevomycetin succinate in poultry meat and internal organs was 0.5 mg/kg. The sensitivity of determining laevomycetin succinate in analyzing hen meat and eggs after samples are preliminarily dried and extracted with aqueous acetonitrile was 1 microgram/kg. experimental adding laevomycetin to milk in concentrations of 0.4, 2 and 10 microgram/kg has shown that the correctness of determining when using the proposed test system is 104%. Investigating 20 samples of raw milk, pasteurized and sterilized milk from the Moscow commercial network has not detected any case of laevomycetin contamination – the degree of binding antibodies was 90% and more. For 7 studied samples of dry milk this vale varied from 99 to 107%. On the basis of the results obtained the developed test system is recommended for sanitary control of livestock production. | Оптимизированы условия высокочувствительного непрямого твердофазного конкурентного ИФА (НТ ИФА) для контроля остаточных количеств (ОК) левомицетина (ЛМ) в основных видах животноводческой продукции. Показано, что НТ ИФА на основе поликлональных кроличьих антител к ЛМ, конъюгированному с бычьим сывороточным альбумином, и иммобилизированных антигенов-конъюгатов ЛМС с яичным альбумином, кроличьим сывороточным альбумином или желатином позволяет определять ОК ЛМ в растворах до концентрации 0,1 нг/мл и проводить определение его в молоке с чувствительностью до 0,3 мкг/кг, в мясе и яйцах 1 мкг/кг, используя простую процедуру подготовки проб. Исследование образцов мышечной ткани и внутренних органов кур в эксперименте при внутрижелудочном введении сукцината ЛМ в дозе 300 мг показало, что уровень загрязнения мышечной ткани составил 635 мкг/кг, печени 330 мкг/кг и сердца 200 мкг/кг. Через 5 ч после повторного введения антибиотика, ОК сукцината ЛМ в мясе птицы и внутренних органах составило 0,5 мг/кг. Чувствительность определения ОК ЛМ при анализе мяса и яиц кур после предварительного высушивания образцов и экстракции водным ацетонитрилом составила 1 мкг/кг. Экспериментальное внесение добавок ЛМ в молоко в концентрациях 0,4; 2 и 10 мкг/кг показало, что правильность определения при использовании предложенной тест-системы составляет 104%. Исследование 20 проб сырого, пастеризованного и стерилизованного молока из торговой сети г. Москвы не выявило случаев контаминации ЛМ степень связывания антител равнялась 90% или более. Для 7 исследованных проб сухого молока этот показатель варьировал от 99 до 107%. На основании полученных результатов, разработанная тест-система рекомендована для санитарного контроля животноводческой продукции.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Gorbatov, V.S. | Kononova, A.A., Lomonosov Moscow State Univ.

In the countries of European Commuity the scheme of a step-by-step forecasting detailing to estimate pesticide risks for environment is used. The scheme consists of 4 steps, the each of them means more compound mathematical models and more realistic input data for the models n compare with the previous steps. The step 1 (the worst case) implies a momentum pesticide intake into a water reservoir. At the output a pesticide maximum concentration in the system "water - bottom set" is fixed. The step 2 takes into account a possible recommended multiple pesticide application during a vegetative period. The step 3 take into account crop and water reservoir types, topography, soil and climate territory features. At the step 4 more detailed calculations are done, data of a soil and climate zone are precised; it is possible to allow input restrictions for pesticide using. An approbation of this scheme has been hold taking the insecticide Dimetoat as an example in the territory of the Russian Federation. An application rate of Dimetoat was 0.6 kg/ha, a treatment number was 1 and a tested culture was spring wheat. Predictable concentrations were compared with Dimetoat MPC (maximum permissible concentration) in water reservoirs of fisheries (1.4 milli kg/l). It was determined after using the all 4 steps that a harmful level could be exceeded only at the day of application when the insecticide could get into a water reservoir with influx at the moment of treatment. Predictable concentrations were lower than harmful levels when a buffer zone was extended up to 10 m. The approbated scheme was concluded to be useful for the procedure of new pesticides registration.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Kal'nitskaya, O.I. | Usha, B.V. | Mishiev, Eh.A., Moscow State Univ. of Applied Biotechnology

Monitoring of animal products was conducted for the content of residues of antibiotics, and the mictobiological method to determine them was given. When analyzing the samples of raw material and domestically produced and imported animal products, antibiotics exceeding the MAL were registered in turkey muscular tissue (MT) in 72.7%; in chicken breasts, livers, stomachs, farce and eggs, in muscular tissue of cattle and pigs, livers and kidneys, in milk and milk products, in sea fish. Of 2075 samples of raw materials animal products antibiotics were revealed in 391. as is shown, the presence of antibiotics can be reveled by means of Bacillus subtilis L 2 according to the diameter of the growth retardation zone around a paper disk impregnated with a muscular tissue or milk extract or by means of Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. Testing beef pork pieces for 3 h in open boilers when the temperature in them reaches at least 80 degrees C, and poultry carcasses – 1 allows reducing the content of antibiotics up to 10-15%. In producing cooked sausages from raw materials containing antibiotics in the finished product retains up to 88-92%. Washing meat reduces the content of antibiotics by 12-25%, and freezing and melting – by 21-23%. Long pasteurization reduces the quantity of antibiotics in milk by 14-26%, short pasteurization – by 0-20%; boiling – by 5-10%; sterilization – by 0.8%, fermentation – by 10%. It is concluded that contamination of animal products with antibiotics deteriorates its quality, makes difficult veterinary and sanitary examination and negatively influence the human health

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Akhtemova, G.A. | Pershina, E.V. | Pinaev, A.G. | Andronov, E.E. | Shtark, O.Yu. | Chebotar', V.K. | Borisov, A.Yu. | Tikhonovich, I.A., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Microbiology, St. Petersburg

At sugar mills great volumes of filtration washing sludges (FWS) are accumulated which is a mixture of a filtration sludge and soil and a rich substrate for developing different groups of microorganisms, an analysis of the structure of bacterial FWS community is required to create methodology for reutilization of waste, introducing it in the process of soil formation and recultivation of wasteland. FWS samples were collected at filtration fields where 1-2-year waste was stored and territory where the age of dumps reached 3, 20 and 30 years. The samples of the first storage year FWS were characterized by a pronounced alkaline reaction, the second year storage samples has s low alkaline reaction, the 20-30-year old dumps has a low alkaline or neutral reaction of the substrate. The content of arsenic, cadmium, mercury was below the MAC, the content of lead exceeded the allowable norms 10 times, zinc – almost 5 times. By the third storage year the number of morphotypes increased to 15, and a total number of bacteria twice reduced. 20-30 year old FWS had noticeably reduced total number of bacteria. From the FWS samples of different age a total of 67 morphotypes of cultivated bacteria was isolated, 5 of them were defined as dominant species. In the first storage year dumps dominating are gram-positive non-spore-forming bacteria of g. Microbacterium and spore-forming bacteria of g. Bacillus, rhizosphere microflora starts developing, rare vegetation appears. In many-year dumps an interchange of dominant microflora took place, predominating bacteria were G. Arthrobacter, subdominant were bacteria G. Pseudomonas. A Clorella test showed the absence of phytotoxicity of the studied strains. Testing the ability of synthesizing vitamins positive results were given by strains B. megaterium and A. sulfonivorans. Strain 02B of B.megaterium can be recommended to create industrial microbial preparations for ecologically-oriented agriculture

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Kireeva, N.A. | Novoselova, E.I. | Shamaeva, A.A. | Grigoriadi, A.S., Bashkir State Univ., Ufa

Sample collection was done at a distance of 5, 50, 100, 150 and 200 m from oil gas chimney fire. The control was soil collected outside the sanitary protection flare zone 500 m apart it. The soil contamination of the flare emissions lasted over 20 years. The maximum concentration of hydrocarbons in chernozem was found at a distance of 50-150 m. The highest population of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria and fungi was observed 5-50 m apart the flare. The increased concentration of hydrocarbon in soil stimulated the activity of soil lipase with its maximum 50 and 100 m apart to the east and north of the flare and 5 m apart to the south and west of the flare. The activity of lipase increased as the sample collection depth grew. Increasing the population of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in soil promoted high activity of catalase proving the intensive process of hydrocarbon decomposition. The soil contaminated with flare combustion products demonstrated phytotoxicity. The most phytotoxicity was observed in sola samples with high content of bacteria and micromycetes. Plant screening which are potential phytoremediants has shown that the best of them is awnless brome (AB) promoting accelerating the process of destroying oil hydrocarbon in soils. For one vegetation period the content of residual hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of AB decreased by 91.1-98.2% with no regard to their starting concentration. It is concluded that due to developed root system and high soil-swarding ability AB is a promising phytoremediant as it promotes accelerating the destruction of oil hydrocarbons by increasing the population and activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, reducing the soil phytotoxicity and benzapyrene accumulation.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Giryavenko, A.V. | Shcherbakov, S.S., Moscow State Univ. of Food Production

New biosorbents of microbial origin are estimated for wine material and wine improvement by removal of heavy metal (HM) ions and pesticide resudues. They are Veshevita (VS) which is a fungi Pleurotus mycelium received bysubmerged culture on starch-containing medium without any additional N sources and OK (isolated cell walls of bakery yeasts). Ions of HM (Pb, Cd and Cu) and pesticides (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane and aldrin) are added into the wines at rates higher than maximum allowable concentrations. Then the wine has been treated by VS and OK at a dose of 1 gram/cubic decimeter. The mixture has been matured during 1 hour at normal temperature and constant intermixing. The biosorbents have been separated by centrifuging. Mass concentration of HM ions is determined by inverse voltammetry and pesticide content is done by gas-liquid chromatography. It is shown that OK and VS absorb effectively HM ions and cell walls has probably a significant role in HM sorbtion. Pesticide concentration also decreases greatly after wine treatment by biosorbents, particularly aldrin is not found completely. Thus, OK and VS can be used for removal HM ions and pesticide residues from wine products

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation