AGRIS - 

Data provenance by Country

2024

Midinova, E. | Samieva, Zh.

Research of agroecosystem is a comprehensive study of one species with in biocenosis taking into account integrated plant protection to increase output. Gardeners in developing countries most often resort to the use of highly toxic universal pesticides, which leads to the Pesticide Syndrome with general decline of these products. The purpose of the research is to identify fauna of the cherry orchard in the south of Kyrgyzstan to apply eco-methods to control pest of stone fruits. Research objectives: 1) identification of organisms in the agrocenosis of the cherry orchard; 2) classification into biological groups; 3) comparison of the experimental and control fields. Our work was carried out in the autumn and spring periods on 2 experimental fields in the South of Kyrgyzstan for 2021-2022. The identified fauna species comprised of 26 species, which are: Coleoptera (26.9%) the largest order; followed by Lepidoptera and Equidoptera (Homoptera) (19.2%); and Hymenoptera (15.4%). The others are less than 10%: Diptera (7.7%); Acariformes; Hemiptera; Neuroptera (3.8%). At the same time, Coleoptera (26.9%) and Lepidoptera pests make up the bulk of the biomass of the agrocenosis of cherry orchard (19.2%) which dominants and most harmful. The research field no. 1 with annual pesticide load has 20% quarantine pest species with no zoophages among identified species. Whereas non-pesticide-treated field no. 2, no quarantine species, there is biocontrol and with richer biodiversity where trophic relationships is preserved.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2023

Drobotova, E.N. | Alejnikova, N.V. | Nevkrytaya, N.V. | Kashirina, N.A.

To preserve the gene pool of varieties and collection specimens, to identify pest-resistant ones among them and include the best ones in the breeding process, it is necessary to know the species composition of pests affecting a particular variety. The research aim was to identify dominant and the most dangerous pests of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia sclarea L. in order to develop optimal measures to control pest development and reduce their impact on cultivated crops. The studies were carried out in 2020–2022 at the experimental fields of the Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants that is a structural unit of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The plots were located in the village of Krymskaya Roza, Belogorsky district. The climate of the region is temperate continental: summers are warm and dry; winters are mild. Synecological surveys were conducted at S. sclarea (var. 'Ai-Todor') and S. officinalis (population 'IELR') nurseries. All phytophage accountings (detection and identification, estimation of prevalence, abundance and harmfulness) were carried out every 10–15 days during all period of plants vegetation: from sprouting (regrowth) to seed ripening. From the 1st ten-day period of March to the 1st ten-day period of October, we conducted 18 accountings of pests on both crops. According to the results obtained during the whole period of study, the taxonomic structure of complexes of phytophages on S. sclarea and S. officinalis was determined. The total list of complexes of phytophages includes 27 arthropod species (25 species of insects and 2 species of mites). We also identified phytophages specific to each sage species. The following phytophages were typical for both crops: complexes of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae Latreille), shield bugs or stink bugs (Pentatomidae Leach), as well as Lepyronia coleoptrata, a species of spittlebug in the Aphrophoridae family. All the recorded and identified phytophages were divided into groups based on their dominance index. In the research years, the most significant damage was caused by leafhoppers (Cicadellidae Latreille) – 2–4 points, aphids (Aphis nepeta Kait.) – 2 points, cutworms or armyworms (Noctuidae Latreille) – 1–3 points, mites (Tetranychidae Donnadieu) – 2–4 points and meadow moth (Margaritia sticticalis L.) – 1-3 points. | Для сохранения генофонда сортов и коллекционных образцов и выделения среди них устойчивых к вредным организмам необходимо знать видовой состав вредителей, поражающих тот или иной сорт. Цель исследований – выявление доминантных и наиболее опасных видов вредных объектов шалфея лекарственного (Salvia officinalis L.) и шалфея мускатного (Salvia sclarea L.) для разработки оптимальных мер их контроля и профилактики. Исследования проводили в 2020–2022 гг. на опытных участках ФГБУН "Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма" (с. Крымская Роза, Белогорский район). Климат района исследований умеренно-континентальный, с теплым засушливым летом и мягкой зимой. Синэкологические обследования проведены в питомниках шалфея мускатного (сорт Ай-Тодор) и шалфея лекарственного (популяция ИЭЛР). Фаунистический учет (выявление и идентификацию, оценку распространённости, численности и вредоносности) фитофагов выполняли на протяжении вегетации растений от всходов (отрастания) до созревания семян с интервалом в 10-15 дней. На обеих культурах выполнено по 18 учетов за сезон в период с I декады марта по I декаду октября. По результатам, полученным за весь период исследования, определена таксономическая структура комплексов фитофагов обследуемых культур. Общий перечень комплексов фитофагов включает 27 видов членистоногих (25 видов насекомых и два вида клещей). Определены фитофаги, специфичные для каждого вида шалфея. Установлены виды вредителей, наиболее распространенных на обеих культурах: комплекс цикадок (Cicadellidae Latreille), клопы (Pentatomidae Leach), лепирония жукоподобная (Lepyronia coleoptrata L.). Зафиксированные и идентифицированные фитофаги были разделены на группы по индексу их доминирования. Отмечена высокая в годы изучения степень вредоносности комплексов фитофагов: цикадки (Cicadellidae Latreille) – 2-4 балла, тля (Aphis nepeta Kait.) – 2 балла, совки (Noctuidae Latreille) – 1-3 балла, клещи (Tetranychidae Donnadieu) – 2-4 балла и луговой мотылек (Margaritia sticticalis L.) – 1-3 балла.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Ponomarenko, E.K. | Popov, S.Ya. | Bajkov, A.A. | Gins, M.S.

Spider mites of the g. Tetranychus damage garden strawberries and other agricultural crops everywhere. It is important to be able to identify the harmfulness thresholds of this pest, which, when feeding, causes a change in the color of plant leaves. The instrumental method for assessing damage using the relative electron transport rate (rETR) based on chlorophyll fluorescence detection in the leaf was used. There were calculated: the economic injury level (EIL) and the economic harmfulness threshold (EHT) of the pest. Studies were carried out in the laboratory on the leaves of strawberry grown in containers at temperature of 22± 2 deg C, relative humidity of 75 ± 10%, photoperiod (L : D) 16:8 h, as well as on the experimental plot of the strawberry plantation of one of the enterprises of the Moscow region with the registration of the population dynamics of spider mites on the leaves. At the same time, using the JUNIOR-PAM fluorimeter (Heinz Walz, Germany), the dynamics of chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of the control (without mites) and experimental (damaged by mites) variants were measured. As a result, on two varieties of industrial strawberries there was obtained a range of variation of the numerical physiological index, expressed in terms of the ratio of rETRmax between the experimental and control variants, equal to 1.4-2.0 conventional units, which corresponded to the EIL of strawberry leaves. The latter trait was comparable to the same parameter obtained in the laboratory - 1.6. The EHT, which signals the beginning of pesticide treatments, if it is reasonably expected that the number of pests will reach or exceed the value of EIL, also expressed in terms of the ratio of rETRmax between the experimental and control variants, turned out to be equal to 1.1-1.2 conventional units. It is recommended to use the proposed instrumental criteria for harmfulness of the Atlantic red spider on strawberries. This approach can be used in respect of other species of spider mites, as well as sucking insects. | Паутинные клещи р. Tetranychus повсеместно повреждают садовую землянику и др. с.-х. культур. Важно уметь идентифицировать пороги вредоносности этого вредителя, вызывающего при питании изменение окраски листьев растений. Применяли инструментальный метод оценки поврежденности с помощью показателя относительной скорости электронного транспорта (rETR) на основе регистрации флуоресценции хлорофилла в листе. Были рассчитаны экономический уровень поврежденности (ЭУП) и экономический порог вредоносности (ЭПВ) вредителя. Исследования проведены в лаборатории на листьях земляники вазонной культуры при температуре воздуха 22 ± 2 град. C, относительной влажности воздуха 75 ± 10%, фотопериоде (L : D) 16:8 ч, а также на экспериментальном участке промышленной плантации земляники одного их с.-х. предприятий Московской области на фоне регистрации динамики численности особей на листьях. Одновременно с помощью флуориметра JUNIOR-PAM (Heinz Walz, Германия) измеряли динамику флуоресценции хлорофилла в листьях контрольных (без клещей) и опытных (поврежденных клещами) вариантов. В результате на двух сортах промышленной земляники получили диапазон варьирования числового физиологического показателя, выражаемого через соотношение rETRmax между опытным и контрольным вариантами, равный 1,4-2,0 усл. ед., который соответствовал ЭУП листьев земляники. Последний показатель оказался сопоставимым с тем же показателем, полученным в лабораторных условиях, - 1,6. ЭПВ, сигнализирующий о начале истребительных обработок, если аргументированно предполагается, что численность вредителя достигнет или превысит значения ЭУП, также выражаемый через соотношение rETRmax между опытным и контрольным вариантами, оказался равным 1,1-1,2 усл. ед. Рекомендовано использовать предлагаемые инструментальные критерии вредоносности атлантического паутинного клеща на землянике. Этот подход можно использовать и в отношении др. видов паутинных клещей, а также сосущих насекомых.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Volkov, S.A. | Bessolitsyna, E.A. | Darmov, I.V., Vyatka State Univ., Kirov

Изучали эпизоотическую ситуацию по анаплазмозу (АП) в Кировской обл. Выявляли ДНК возбудителя АП в клещах (КЛ) и с помощью ПЦР определяли уровень их инфицированности в зависимости от места, времени и метода сбора. В 2010-2014 гг. в 19 районах Кировской обл. исследовали 283 экз. КЛ, собранных с растительного покрова (26), с людей - 49, с собак - 170, с кошек - 38. Было идентифицировано 228 экз. Ixodes persulcatus и 55 - Dermacentor reticulates, общее количество самок составило 240 экз., самцов - 43 экз. Из КЛ, фиксированных в 70%-ном этаноле, экстрагировали общую ДНК с помощью гуанидинтиоизоционатного метода. Зараженность КЛ анаплазмами (АН) определяли, тестируя образцы ДНК от каждого КЛ в ПЦР. Положительным результатом ПЦР являлся ампликон в 204 п.н. Установлено, что зараженность КЛ колебалась от 5,5 до 50%, среднее значение составляло 22,25%. 50/240 экз. (20,8%) самок КЛ были заражены АН и 8/43 экз. (18,6%) - самцов. Анализ уровней инфицированности КЛ АН в зависимости от источника их сбора показал, что у КЛ от кошек он составляет 17,84%, от собак - 14,58%, от человека - 17,24%, с растительного покрова - 25,84%. Основным видом переносчиков возбудителя ПА является Ixodes persulcatus (зараженность составляет 24,4%), менее заражены КЛ Dermacentor reticulatus - 3,6%. Для профилактики АП у людей и животных, контактирующих с ними, требуется своевременное проведение мероприятий по борьбе с КЛ. | The epizootic situation for anaplasmosis in the Kirov region was studied. DNA of the agent causing anaplasmosis in mites was revealed and by means of PCR their infectivity level depending on collection place, time and method was determined. On 2010-2014 in 19 districts of the Kirov region there were studied 283 mites collected from plant cover (26), humans – 49, dogs – 170, cats – 38. There were identified 228 Ixodes persulcatus mites and 55 Dermacentor reticulates, the total number of females - 240, males – 43. The general DNA was extracted from mites fixed in a 70% ethanol by the guanidinium thiocyanate method. The infection rate of mites with Anaplasma was determined by testing the DNA samples of each mite in PCR. Amplicon having 204 b. p. was a positive PCR result. The mite infection rate ranged from 5.5 to 50%, the average value was 22.25%. 50/240 mite females (20.8%) and 8/43 mite males (18.6%) were infected with Anaplasma. Am analysis of the infection rate of mites with Anaplasma depending on their collection source has shown that in cat mites it is 17.84%, dog mites – 14.58%, human mites – 17.24%, plant cover mites – 25.84%. The maim species of anaplasmosis transmitting agent is Ixodes persulcatus (infection rate is 24.4%), less infection with Dermacentor reticulates mites is 3.6%. The prevention of anaplasmosis in humans and animals contacting with them requires timely actions to control mites.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Aliev, T.G. | Solomakhin, A.A. | Arkhipov, Yu.A., The I.V. Michurin All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Horticulture, Tambov Region

Thirty four introduced cultivars and 40 selected nurslings of black currant were studied in 2005-2009. The cultivars Yadrenaya and Dachnitsa had the maximum affection by septoriosis (causative agent Septoria ribis) (S) (4.0 and 5.0 points respectively). The follow cultivars had the minimum damage (not more than 1.0 point) during the all 5 years: Azart, Voevoda, Mushketer, 8-20-95-98, 7-54-00-03, 6-42-00-03, 5 -36-00-03, 3-15-00-03, 3-15-a-00-03, Slavyanka, Zorya Galitskaya, Lebed', Syuita Kievskaya, Legenda- 2, Shakhalevskaya, Almiai, Ametist, Sozvezdie, Kazachok, Chernyj Aist, Valovaya, Luchiya, Gerkules, Venera, Ekstrim. The cultivars Azart, Voivoda, Zorya Galitskaya, Syuita Kievskaya, Lebed' had the highest resistance to S, which were infected only in the 5 year after their planting. There were no injuries by currant gall mite (causative agent Cecidophyopsis ribis) (GM) of the cultivars Pilot, Voevoda, 1-5-97-01, Shakhalevskaya planted in 2003. The maximum damages by GM did not exceed 1.0 point at 80% of the studied cultivars. The cultivars Slavyanka, Mushketer, 8-3-95-98, Fat were affected by GM by1.0 point only in the 6 year after their planting that testified to their high tolerance to the pest. The cultivar Nika had the maximum damage by GM (5.0 points). During the 4 years of studying the cultivars Dobryj Dzhin, 6-37-00-03, 3-15-00-03 planted in 2004, had no signs of infection by GM. The cultivars Eksotika, Dachnitsa, Sozvezdie were infected by 4.0-5.0 points. Ekstrim, Zhemchuzhina, Gerkules were done by 2.0-3.0 points. The cultivar Voevoda had a complex resistant to S and GM.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Romanenko, N.D. | Tolstoguzova, V.G. | Metlitskaya, K.V. | Titova, A.S. | Surkova, T.A. | Tabolin, S.B.

More than 20 strains of bacteria and antagonist fungi were estimated in developing ecologically safe protective products of garden strawberry. The results of laboratory and field experiments showed that their biological efficiency varies from 60 to 90%, and the growth of treated plants was higher by a factor of 1.5-6 compared to untreated ones. There were studied biopreparations of Acarin, Planriz and Alirin-B based on Streptomyces avermitilis (preparation 1), Pseudomonas fluorescens (preparation 2) and Bacillus subtilis (preparation 3). Their high stimulating effect on the plant growth, the influence on the establishment of grafters and the yield of productive organs (up to 100%) were have been found. As is shown, the combined treatment with preparation 2 and preparation 3 results in sharply reduced prevalence of the most spread pests of test plants of strawberry, potato and blackcurrant grafts. Moreover, the biological efficiency of preparation 1 and a plant-originated biopreparations of Oligofurastanozide has been determined. Combined treatment reduced the population of red spiders by 82-93%, and strawberry mite – by 78-92%

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

1994

Volkov, F.A. | Dimov, S.K. | Apal'kin, V.A.

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

1994

Kazakova, I.K. | Bukshtynov, V.I. | Omarov, L.M.

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

1993

Mershchiev, V.M.

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

1993

Bakhtinskij, M.I.

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation