AGRIS - 

2017

Maksym Gorikhovskyi

The article analyzes the land fund of Khmelnitsky region, the dynamics of the production of agricultural economic output by types of farms, as well as a comparison with the size of the area of the farm with farmer households in other countries. Also, conditions were analyzed and opportunities that improve the competitiveness of farms. The paper reveals the modern challenges and opportunities for agricultural production in the Khmelnitsky region. The central object of research is the farm, as one of the key elements of sustainable development of the region in the context of the development of rural areas and communities. Also, the relationship was analyzed between farm size and competitiveness, as well as given the factors that would improve the competitiveness of farm data. From our research shows that the development of agriculture as a whole Khmelnitsky region still has potential, but only if increasing the number of farms and small and medium enterprises. With the consolidation of enterprises Khmelnytsky region could lose by charging taxes and the budget will face a global problem of unemployment in rural areas as farmers keep themselves and their families, family. In addition, the farmer will develop its rural areas and local communities.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2017

code Ziadat, F. | Bunning, S. | De Pauw, E.

This working paper provides an overview of the historic development and current status of implementation of land evaluation and land use planning concepts and tools for land resources/landscape management and proposes a way forward. The increasing and juxtaposed challenges of population growth and increasing demands on limited resources by diverse actors, land degradation, biodiversity loss and climate change, require a rational utilization of resources to sustain and enhance productivity and maintain resilient ecosystems.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Italy

2017

Dharumarajan, S. | Lalitha, M. | Hegde, Rajendra | Somashekar, B. | Singh, S.K.

Biophysical resources of Kangeyam grasslands located in Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu were characterized to identify the vulnerability of grassland soils for land degradation. The grasslands of Kangeyam block were delineated by using high resolution satellite imagery (Resourcesat 2 LISS IV data) which is used as base for resource inventorisation. Soil profile study was carried out to identify the problems and potentials of land resources and surface samples were collected to know the fertility status of grasslands. Very shallow to moderately shallow calcareous red loamy soils were identified in the upper portion and deep calcareous loamy soils were found in lower portion of grasslands. The soil pH of surface soil was ranged from 7.52 to 8.76 and organic carbon ranged from 0.07 to 1.21%. Land degradation vulnerability analysis was carried out by assigning suitable scores to soil parameters, which favours land degradation. Key parameters like surface horizon thickness, pH, OC, CEC and CaCO₃ etc. responsible for land degradation were used to identify environmentally sensitive areas for land degradation. The results showed that out of 6 identified soils, two soils (soil B & D) were very highly vulnerable to land degradation and soil C was highly vulnerable to land degradation.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2017

Qiu, Rongxu | Xu, Wei

Land development modelling and simulation provides critical information and insights for city land resource planning and management. However, studies on simulating urban land development often treat it as a singular and uniform process and neglect place-based decision-making processes and multiple tracks of how urban land is developed. This study attempts to identify the locally embedded, place-based processes of land conversion and redevelopment during the reform period in Shanghai. In doing so, this study conducts in-depth interviews and collects extensive land use and planning data to examine the land development decision-making processes of the city. In conjunction with the content analysis of government documents and urban planning results, this study proposes to frame the current land development of Shanghai into State-led Market-based Land Development, Informal Land Development, State-led Land Redevelopment, State-approved Independent Development, and Megaproject-based Land Development, according to land use types, property rights, and intermediate agencies. By comparing urban planning and actual land use change data, the study delineates the location and estimate magnitude of each of the land development modes in Shanghai. Different from market-based land development systems, the results show that the state interventions in the land market has been prevalent to create a unique government-led land development system with multiple approaches and land use change trajectories in Shanghai. The result explains why current land development modelling and simulation cannot mimic the actual land development process properly. Furthermore, the study provides the empirical basis for new theorization of land development in China.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2017

Dabakhov, M.V. | Dabakhova, E.V., Nizhnij Novgorod State Agricultural Academy

Study of land-use systems formed in the Nizhniy Novgorod region in two geomorphological zones (the southern taiga province of the low-lying left bank of the Volga and the forest-steppe province, located on the Volga upland of the right bank of the Volga) was done. A structuring approach for agricultural lands was presented and justified. The selection of the types of agricultural lands was proposed based on the intensity of their use, the degree of mechanization of production, and also taking into account the need of the formation of reserve funds and the existence of statutory environmental constraints of land use. Seven types of lands were found: a) lands of large agricultural enterprises, characterized by using high-performance equipment, intensive technologies and high efficiency of one employee; b) lands of small farms with small production volumes, using small farm machinery; c) plots of personal households of rural population using manual labor; d) lands of enterprises with a high level of energy saturation, and the volume of capital investments, primarily greenhouses; e) lands used for industrial animal and poultry husbandry; f) lands temporarily excluded from agricultural production; g) lands of the far reserve used for restoration of natural landscapes. It is possible to allocate the types of lands taking into account the conventional approach, practically used in Russia when calculating the cadastral value, in which the lands are subdivided depending on their suitability for use as arable, forage and other types of lands. | Изучены системы землепользования, сформированные на территории 2 геоморфологически контрастных зон: южно-таежной провинции низменного левобережья Волги и лесостепной провинции северной части Приволжской возвышенности в правобережье Волги в пределах Нижегородской области. Представлен и обоснован подход к структурированию земель с.-х. назначения. Предложено выделение типов с.-х. угодий в зависимости от интенсивности их использования, степени механизации производства, а также с учетом необходимости формирования фондов резерва и наличия законодательно установленных экологических ограничений природопользования. Всего выделено 7 типов земель: а) территории крупных с.-х. предприятий, характеризующиеся использованием высокопроизводительной техники, использованием интенсивных технологий и высокой производительностью на одного работника; б) территории малых фермерских хозяйств, использующих малогабаритную технику с небольшими объемами производства; в) территории личных подсобных хозяйств сельского населения с ведением хозяйства с использованием ручного труда; г) территории хозяйств с высоким уровнем энергонасыщенности и капиталовложений, преимущественно с закрытым грунтом; д) территории хозяйств промышленного животноводства и птицеводства; е) земли ближнего резерва, временно исключенные из с.-х. производства; ж) земли дальнего резерва, используемые для восстановления естественных биоценозов. Можно также выделять виды угодий на основании общепринятого подхода, применяемого в России для практического использования при расчете кадастровой стоимости, в рамках которого земли подразделяются в зависимости от их пригодности для использования в качестве пахотных, кормовых и прочих угодий.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Stifeev, A.I. | Nikitina, O.V., Kursk State Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation) | Bessonova, E.A., South-Western State Univ., Kursk (Russian Federation) | Kemov, K.N.

The disturbance of farm lands and environmental contamination lead to the destruction of eco-systems formed for thousands of years, appearing technological landscapes, which decrease productivity of agro and phyto-cenoses. Studied was the influence of iron-ore plants of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) when they take out farm lands to extract iron-ore on the highly populated territory of the Central Black Soil Zone. The technological landscapes (TL) brought about the pollution of the territory bordering on the quarries and tailing dumps of the mining and concentration complexes (MCC) of the KMA. The research gives data on the rock classification, the stratigraphic columns of the Mikhailovskiy and Lebedinskiy MCC, fallen off into the dumps, the height of which is of 100 meters and more. It has been determined that pollutants from quarries and TL came into the environment mainly in a radius of 5 km. The biological activity of the soils under pollution reduced about by 13-15%. There have been worked out the technology of decreasing the negative influence of MCC and Tl. It is proposed to create arable lands with applied fertile soil layer of a capacity of 40 cm. Forestation and grassing of TL are also possible. There was conducted industrial sowing of winter wheat and spring barley on artificial arable lands and the quality of the harvested products was tested. The application of mineral fertilizers increases the productivity of agro-cenoses on re-cultivated lands. For example, at the background of NPK the yield of winter ob the recultivated soil reached 48.1 dt/ha, no fertilizer – 37.8 dt/ha. In the first years of recultivation it is recommended to grow technical crops, and for forestation – to use trees and buses well adapted to local conditions. | Нарушение земельных угодий и загрязнение окружающей среды приводят к разрушению тысячелетиями сложившихся экосистем, созданию техногенных ландшафтов, в которых снижена продуктивность агро- и фитоценозов. .Изучено влияние железорудных комбинатов Курской магнитной аномалии (КМА) на изъятие земельных ресурсов для добычи железной руды в условиях высокой плотности населения Центрального Черноземья. В условиях техногенных ландшафтов (ТЛ) отмечается загрязнение территории, прилегающей к карьерам и хвостохранилищам горно-обогатительных комбинатов (ГОК) КМА. Приведены данные по классификации горных пород, стратиграфических колонок Михайловского и Лебединского ГОКов, отсыпаемых в отвалы, высота которых достигает 100 м и более. Установлено, что загрязняющие вещества от карьеров и ТЛ поступают в окружающую среду в основном в радиусе 5 км. Биологическая активность почв под действием загрязнения снижается примерно на 13-15%. Разработаны технологии снижения негативного воздействия ГОКов и ТЛ. Предложено создание пахотных угодий с нанесением плодородного слоя почвы мощностью 40 см. Возможно также облесение или залужение ТЛ. Проведены производственные посевы озимой пшеницы и ярового ячменя на искусственно созданных пахотных землях, определено качество полученной продукции. Внесение минеральных удобрений повышает продуктивность агроценозов на рекультивированных землях. Например, на фоне NPK урожайность озимой пшеницы на рекультивированной почве достигла 48,1 ц/га, а без удобрений – 37,8 ц/га. В первые годы рекультивации рекомендуется выращивать технические культуры, а для облесения использовать породы деревьев и кустарников, хорошо адаптированные к местным условиям.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Gorbacheva,E.V. | Komleva,S.M.

Addressing the problems of improving the land management of agricultural organizations, taking into account their ecologicalstatus in the process of intensification of agricultural production, should promote effective use, protection and management of land resources. The main task here is to establish their rational forms and sizes, create the most favorable territorial distribution of the means of production inextricably linked with the land, in order to ensure the sustainable development of farms on the basis of observanceof environmental norms and requirements. It is important to determine the criteria for the effectiveness of land use and toimprove the ecological and economic mechanism for the formation of rational land use in the conditions of a developing agrarian economy. We have analyzed the main approaches to the establishment of ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural lands, and the solving of tasks of organization of the use of land of agricultural organizations in land administration schemes of administrative regions. The indicators characterizing the level of use of production potential were determined, and established stable zoneforming factors to carry out the ecological and economic zoning of district area, as well as coefficients of ecological stability and anthropogenic transformation of the territory. It was established that the territory of agricultural organizations in Postavy districtis characterized by ecological instability. On the basis of the work done, a conclusion was made on the possibility and the need for a comprehensive accounting of economic and environmental indicators when justifying the use of agricultural land. | Решение проблем совершенствования землепользования сельскохозяйственных организаций с учетом их экологического состояния в процессе интенсификации аграрного производства должно способствовать эффективному использованию, охране и управлению земельными ресурсами. Основная задача при этом заключается в установлении их рациональныхформ и размеров, создании наиболее благоприятного территориального размещения средств производства, неразрывно связанных с землей, с целью обеспечения поступательного развития хозяйств на основе соблюдений экологических норм и требований. Важное значение имеет определение критериев эффективности использования земель и совершенствование эколого-экономического механизма формирования рационального землепользования в условиях развивающейся аграрной экономики. Проанализированы основные подходы к установлению эколого-экономической эффективности сельскохозяйственных земель, решению в схемах землеустройства административных районов задач по организации использования земель сельскохозяйственных организаций, определены показатели, характеризующие уровень использования производственного потенциала, установлены устойчивые зонообразующие факторы для выполнения эколого-хозяйственного зонирования территории района, а также коэффициенты экологической стабильности и антропогенной преобразованности территории. Установлено, что территория сельскохозяйственных организаций в Поставском районе характеризуютсяэкологически нестабильной и неустойчиво стабильной территорией. На основании проделанной работы сделано заключение о возможности и необходимости комплексного учета экономических и экологических показателей при обосновании использования земель сельскохозяйственных организаций.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2017

Berzina, M., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Dept. of Land Management and Geodesy | Parsova, V., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Dept. of Land Management and Geodesy | Jankava, A., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Dept. of Land Management and Geodesy | Platonova, D., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Dept. of Land Management and Geodesy | Didrihsone, D., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Dept. of Land Management and Geodesy | Palabinska, A., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Dept. of Land Management and Geodesy

One of the goals of a sustainable environment adopted in the United Nations General Assembly resolution (September 25, 2015) was «to restore degraded lands and strive to achieve a world neutral to land degradation». The problem was identified at the international and European level, but it is also a very pressing problem in Latvia. With regard to the risks of land degradation and their prevention in Latvia, the Law «On Land Management» came into force on January 1, 2015. But, despite the law, specific criteria for determining degradation and the classification of land and soil degradation in Latvia have not yet been developed. There is also no regulation how to identify and assess the extent of existing land degradation or its possible occurrence, taking into account existing and planned types of land, or how to choose measures to prevent land degradation. The purpose of the study is to identify sources of information about degraded territories that could be used in developing the Cabinet of Ministers decree, delegated by the Law «On Land Management». | Деградированная территория - это земля, поврежденная в результате промышленной или иной деятельности, или в результате бездействия до такого уровня, на котором любая экономическая деятельность становится невозможной, если не будут проведены специальные восстанавливающие мероприятия. Одной из целей устойчивой окружающей среды, принятых в резолюции Генеральной Ассамблеи Организации Объединенных Наций (ООН) 25 сентября 2015 года являлась «восстановить деградированные земли и стремиться к достижению мира, нейтрального к деградации земель». В отношении рисков деградации земель и их предотвращения в Латвии, закон «Об управлении земельными ресурсами» вступил в силу с 1 января 2015 года. Но, несмотря на закон, конкретные критерии для определения деградации и классификация деградации земли и почвы в Латвии еще не разработана. Также нет регулирования, как выявить и оценить степень существующей деградации земли или возможности ее возникновения, принимая во внимание существующие и планируемые виды угодий, или как выбрать меры по предотвращению деградации земель. Целью исследования является выявление источников информации о деградированных территориях, которые могли быть использованы при разработке постановления Кабинета министров, делегированного законом «Об управлении земельными ресурсами».

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2017

The paper presents the assessment of various potential risks in land fund management. Standing Commission of Scientific Support in Land Fund Management, Georgian National Academy of Sciences developed a project for food security and sustainability of the country. On the example of Dedoplistskaro the biggest Municipality of the country, the multifactor analysis of geographical, geological and climatic risks is described. Structural model is defined with the provisionally estimated factors such as land area, agricultural and climate conditions, soil fertility level, material expenditure, structure and use of the cultivated land, risks, disasters, land market formation process, etc. By means of multifactor modeling technique the tendency of changes for the lands of different categories is determined and their market price is estimated. The overlaying areas of different geo-climatic, economic, cultural, ecological and other factors are presented in the paper. Without their analysis the land management will be a priori ineffective. The importance of identification of dominant parameters in the process of establishing their interrelations is noted. Primary analysis shows that the mentioned dominant factors in separate land categories will be different. In the long, medium and short-term planning, changes in the impact of the factors are also anticipated.

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Georgian Research Institute for Scientific Technical Information - Georgia

2017

Mapedza, Everisto | Tagutanazvo, E. | van Koppen, Barbara | Manyamba, C.

International Water Management Institute - Sri Lanka