AGRIS - 

Data provenance by Country

2022

Kashchaev, I.V.

The article is dedicated to the assessment of the state and directions of agricultural development of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD). The analysis of specialization in the system of regional economic relations is carried out, the subjects of the NCFD are structured by gross regional product (GRP). In the territorial framework, GRP has a significant specificity due to the diversity of spatial, climatic, socio-economic, demographic conditions. The regions of the NCFD are among the five leaders in grain production, vegetable growing, horticulture, sheep and poultry husbandry. The evaluation of the state of agricultural potential and the analysis of the effectiveness of its use by manufactures have been carried out. In the district there was a distinct differentiation of the initial conditions indicators (capital-labor ratio, power supply capacity, power equipment and labor supply), as well as indicators of economic efficiency of agricultural activities, performance and balanced financial result. The region is characterized by relatively low economic efficiency, insufficient level of social development of rural areas and rural population's life quality. It is necessary and important to adjust the strategic directions for the development of agriculture in the North Caucasus Federal District for the period up to 2030, which are determined in accordance with the analysis of the fundamental statutory and regulatory and program documents of the state and tendencies of spatial development of the country, the federal district and its subjects for the period up to 2025–2040. Their implementation will facilitate an increase in the investments volume, an increase in production and in the level of marketability of production, an increase in revenue from the sales of crop and livestock products, the profitability of economic subjects and the share of profitable farms in the industry.

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Cifra Ltd - Russian Federation

2022

Kirejcheva, L.V.

Research of land reclamation as a method on yield increase and agriculture sustainability providing is presented. Energy status of the agroecosystem as well as production potential under land reclamation were estimated in the paper. The following parameters are proposed as the main criteria determining the energy status of the agroecosystem: radiation balance, hydrothermal mode in the soil, agrochemical parameters, content and composition of humus. The above parameters are required to provide yield under reclamation and agrotechnical measures application. The assessment was done in the Volgograd region, which belongs to the zone of risky agriculture due to instable agro-climatic conditions and low soil fertility. The research methodology includes agroecosystem energy status estimation as well as soil productive potential determining; calculated values then were compared to the actual data. According to the analysis results, the current status of agroecosystem soil productivity and sustainability of agriculture are rather low in rainfed areas of the region. Soil moisture availability increasing as well as soil basic agrochemical properties improvement, using reclamation and agrotechnical measures are required. The research results show, that land reclamation application provides an increase in the agroecosystem energy status by 20-35 GJ/ha, which contributes to an increase in biological productivity (yield) in more than 3 times. At the same time, the dependence of agricultural production on climate risks is reduced, which is confirmed by the previously performed field studies. Designs of the newest reclamation systems have been developed. Due to use of them, it will be possible to ensure the optimal microclimate of the surface air layer, the necessary water-air and nutrient regime of the soil, and increase the yield of the cultivated crops to the maximum potential level. | Представлено обоснование мелиорации как приема повышения продуктивности и устойчивости с.-х. производства. Для этого выполнена оценка энергетического состояния агроэкосистемы и возможного продукционного потенциала при проведении мелиораций. Предложено использовать критериальные параметры, определяющие энергетическое состояние системы: радиационный баланс, гидротермический режим почвы, агрохимические показатели, содержание и состав почвенного гумуса. Оценка проводилась на примере Волгоградской области, которая относится к зоне рискованного земледелия из-за неустойчивости агроклиматических условий и снижения плодородия почв. Методика исследований включала в себя выполнение расчетов оценки энергетического состояния агроэкосистем, продукционного потенциала почв и сопоставление расчетных значений с фактическими данными по урожайности. Выполненный анализ показал, что современное состояние агроэкосистем области не обеспечивает потенциально возможную продуктивность и устойчивость агропроизводства в богарных условиях; требуется повышение влагообеспеченности и улучшение основных агрохимических свойств почв, что может быть достигнуто проведением мелиоративных и агротехнических мероприятий. Показано, что проведение мелиорации обеспечивает повышение энергетического состояния агроэкосистем на 20-35 ГДж/га, что способствует увеличению биологической продуктивности более чем в 3 раза. При этом снизится зависимость агропроизводства от климатических рисков. Разработаны конструкции новейших гидромелиоративных систем. С их помощью можно обеспечить оптимальный микроклимат приземного слоя атмосферы, необходимый водно-воздушный и питательный режим почвы и повысить урожайность с.-х. культур до потенциально возможного уровня.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Paptsov, A.G. | Lashchinina, T.Yu.

The study assesses the state of the food systems in the developed countries of the world, considers the after-effects of the COVID-19 virus. Analyzed are the challenges occurring due to the COVID-19 pandemic in food supply chains and the resilience degree that supply chains have demonstrated in developed countries. The impact of COVID-19 on various types of food transportation is considered. Complementary and mutually reinforcing trends affecting food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. The impact of COVID-19 on consumer demand is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of COVID-19 related trends in food systems affecting aspects of food security. The interdependence between the COVID-19 pandemic and the components of food security is examined, indicating the significance of each of the components in the analysis of the consequences of the food crisis in terms of food security. Some measures have been identified to prevent a food crisis caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 virus spread. There is a significant need to move towards a more forward-looking food systems policy package. | Дана оценка состоянию продовольственных систем развитых стран мира, рассмотрены эффекты от воздействия вируса COVID-19. Проанализированы вызовы, возникшие в цепочках поставок продовольствия вследствие COVID-19, и степень устойчивости, которую цепочки поставок продемонстрировали в развитых странах. Рассмотрено воздействие COVID-19 на различные виды транспортировки продовольствия. Выявлены взаимодополняющие и взаимоусиливающие тенденции, влияющие на продовольственные системы в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Проанализировано влияние COVID-19 на потребительский спрос. Исследованы причины сбоев в организации переработки конкретных видов продукции. Дана оценка воздействию тенденций в продовольственных системах, влияющих на аспекты продовольственной безопасности. Исследована взаимозависимость между пандемией и компонентами продовольственной безопасности, обозначающая значимость каждого из компонентов при анализе последствий продовольственного кризиса. Выявлены некоторые меры по предотвращению продовольственного кризиса, вызванного последствиями распространения COVID-19. Отмечается необходимость перехода к более перспективному пакету мер политики для продовольственных систем.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Yusubova, U. | Bayramov, M. | Babayev, V. | Guseynov, I. | Abbasov, A.

Agriculture in Azerbaijan is mainly characterized by small farms. The average size of the farm is only 1.5 hectares. About 83% of farmers own land plots, and they cultivate almost 55% of arable land. On the other hand, only 1.6% of farmers have operational land plots. The pace of development of environmental agriculture and the resulting economic gain in turns depend on the environment, which is influenced by economic, social, environmental and other factors. However, land is an inelastic factor of production. Therefore, conservation agriculture becomes a separate, albeit integrated body of general agricultural production due to its peculiarities of distribution of inelastic factors among competing crop production variants. The transfer of conventional tillage to zero can lead to a loss of total pore space, as evidenced by an increase in bulk density. Infiltration is generally higher, and runoff decreases with zero tillage with residue retention compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage with residue removal. The necessary yield growth, production stability, risk reduction and environmental sustainability can be achieved only with the help of management methods that lead to improved soil quality. This article presents the results of a study devoted to the study of possible changes in the physical properties of the soil.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2022

Erlygina, E. | Shtebner, S.

Environmental sustainability is an urgent problem that is receiving a lot of attention around the world. Environmental sustainability is aimed at improving the quality of human life without undue stress on the Earth’s supporting ecosystems. Research in this area is aimed at assessing the impact of human activities on the environment. The paper presents the principles of sustainable development. The ecological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are considered.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2022

Г.Н. Гордеева | А.И. Лобанов

В Сибири интродукцией древесных растений начали заниматься с середины XVIII в. Перед нами стояла цель – определение лимитирующих факторов, влияющих на продолжительность жизни и зимостойкость интродуцентов различного географического происхождения в сухостепной зоне Республики Хакасии. Объектами исследований стали растения разного географического происхождения и возраста, произрастающие в однородных условиях дендрария Института аграрных проблем Хакасии. В ходе многолетних исследований установлены растения с наибольшей продолжительностью жизни из флоры Сибири – Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sylvestris L., Caragana frutex (L.) C. Koch.; из флор других регионов – деревья Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid., Salix babylonica L., Larix leptolepis (Sieb.& Zucc.) Gord., Morus alba L., Acer Semenovii Rgl. et Herd., A. tataricum L., Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh., A. negundo L. и кустарники Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv., Berberis tibetica Schneid., B. sphaerocarpa Kar. et Kir., Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne, Syringa Josikaea Jacq., S. vulgaris L., Eleagnus argentea Pursh. Наибольшее количество зимостойких видов имеют сибирское (80 %) и дальневосточное (60 % из них – зимостойкие) происхождение. Выявлены основные лимитирующие факторы, влияющие на продолжительность жизни сибирских растений: их низкая зимостойкость и несоответствие эдафических условий биологии видов; для инорайонных видов – кроме перечисленных выше, низкая атмосферная влажность воздуха в период цветения и раннее завершение жизненного цикла. Установлена зависимость устойчивости растения в засушливых условиях от его принадлежности к географическому региону и экологической группе. Наиболее адаптированными к местным условиям сухостепной зоны Республики Хакасии оказались представители сибирской и дальневосточной флоры. | The introduction of woody plants began in Siberia in the middle of the 18th century. We aimed at determining the limiting factors affecting the life expectancy and winter hardiness of introduced plants of different geographical origin in the dry-steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia. The research objects of were plants of different geographical origin and age, growing in the arboretum of the Research Institute of Agricultural Problems of Khakassia. Long-term studies have identified the plants with the highest life expectancy from the flora of Siberia, such as Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sylvestris L., Caragana frutex (L.) C. Koch.; trees from the flora of other regions, such as Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid., Salix babylonica L., Larix leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord., Morus alba L., Acer Semenovii Rgl. et Herd., A. tataricum L., Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh., A. negundo L. and shrubs, such as Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv., Berberis tibetica Schneid., B. sphaerocarpa Kar. et Kir., Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne, Syringa Josikaea Jacq., S. vulgaris L., Eleagnus argentea Pursh. The majority of winter-resistant species are of Siberian (80 % of them are hardy) and Far Eastern (60 %) origin. The main limiting factors affecting the life expectancy of Siberian plants are found: low winter hardiness and noncompliance of edaphic conditions with the biology of the studied species; for non-regional species (in addition to the above mentioned) – low atmospheric humidity during flowering and early completion of the life cycle. The dependence of plant resistance in dry conditions on its geographical origin and ecological group has been found. The most adapted to local conditions of the dry-steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia were representatives of Siberian and Far East flora.

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Northern (Arctic) Federal University - Russian Federation