AGRIS - 

2018

Nguyen, Thi Thu Hien | Lebailly, Philippe | Nguyen, Van Nghien

Avec un savoir-faire de plus de 1000 ans, les artisans des produits traditionnels du Vietnam se répartissent dans les villages d’artisans de plusieurs provinces du pays. La production des produits artisanaux est réalisée au départ de micros et petites entreprises d’artisanat qui sont le plus souvent installées à la périphérie des grandes villes. Notre étude vise à mieux comprendre le rôle de ces petites entreprises dans le développement local à travers la collecte de données sur l’emploi et à montrer la situation actuelle des petites entreprises d’artisanats sur les aspects de l’emploi, du genre au travail et de leurs réseaux socio-économiques locaux.Dans le cadre de ces travaux d’étude, nous avons réalisé un suivi de 50 petites entreprises formelles et de 157 employés dans trois secteurs artisanaux traditionnels typiques et connus du Vietnam, situés dans trois districts de la banlieue de Hanoi. Ces travaux ont été conduits de 2013 à 2016. Les méthodes utilisées par les enquêtes étaient à la fois qualitatives et quantitatives. D’après nos observations sur les activités de production et de commerce des produits artisanaux traditionnels dans les villages de métier, et plus spécifiquement sur le fonctionnement des petites entreprises d’artisanat, il semble que ces dernières aient une contribution significative dans la création d’emplois locaux. Elles jouent également un rôle important dans les réseaux économiques et sociaux locaux. Pour les aspects liés à l’emploi, il existe une discrimination de genre au travail. En ce qui concerne la qualité du travail, une enquête a été menée pour évaluer la satisfaction au travail des employés des entreprises ciblées. Les femmes sont plus satisfaites que les hommes sur l’aspect de la conciliation famille-travail, tandis que leurs collègues masculins apprécient le critère de rémunération. En ce qui concerne les relations entre les entreprises de métier, la coopération et la concurrence entre les entreprises coexistent dans le secteur artisanal. La compréhension de la nature de cette coopération conduit à renforcer le réseau social et économique local en vue d’établir un cluster solide pour le développement de la commune. Ces résultats aident à comprendre la contribution de ces entreprises au développement local. | With a history of more than 1000 years, the traditional handicraft products of Vietnam have been developed in the several provinces along the country. The most popular production model of handicrafts is small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Majority of which are located in the sub-urban of the large cities. This study aims to understand the roles of the small and medium enterprises in the local economic and social development in the periphery of Hanoi through the data collection on employment, labours and relations with local partners in traditional villages. Furthermore, it helps to identify the current situation of the traditional handcraft small enterprises on the employment aspects, the gender issues at work and their local socio-economic networks. The study conducted surveys on 50 SMEs and 157 employees in three districts of the periphery of Hanoi, on three typical and well-known traditional handicraft sectors of Vietnam from 2014 to 2016. Data were analysed by both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that these SMEs have a significant contribution to the local job creation. They also play an important role in the development of local economic and social networks. For employment-related aspects, it exists gender discrimination in workforce. Related to the issues of the quality of work, one survey was conducted to assess the employees’ job satisfaction in the targeted enterprises. Women are more satisfied than men about the family-work balance, while men appreciate more the salary/payment criteria. About the relations among the traditional handcraft small enterprises, collaboration and competition among them have coexisted. This leads to the local economic and social network development, as well as to establish a cluster zone in this area. These results help to understand the contribution of these SMEs to local development.

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University of Liège - Belgium

2018

Kostenko, O.V., Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kirov

Within the open innovation model four applied types of innovation management models can be used in the rye complex of Russia. First, it is creating networking for interaction between industrial and agricultural enterprises. The main types of such networks include technological platforms, innovative networks of universities and scientific institutions as well as interaction models based on crowd sourcing. Secondly, these are models for creating and developing innovation infrastructure. They include innovation funds (Russian Venture Company and second level innovation funds, innovation support programs etc.), technology parks and business incubators, technology transfer centers, etc. Universities and scientific institutions should be the key agents in the modern innovation system. Thirdly, these are small innovative enterprises (SIE) models (with the participation of universities and research institutes). There are four ways to create SIEs. They depend on the type of business, the business owners and their competencies. Fourthly, these are models of strategic partnerships (alliances) between science and business. Formation and stimulation of economic clusters can also be viewed as a complex model of innovation management. Studies of the rye complex in Russian industries have shown that a prominent concentration of the rye grain production and processing industries has been formed on the territory of the Volga Federal District. Three technological chains - food, fodder and technical – form the basis of the rye complex. The technological chains contain a significant number of elements associated with current scientific research. This creates a basis for innovative development and application of the cluster approach. | В рамках концепции (модели) открытых инноваций в ржаном комплексе России могут быть использованы четыре прикладных типа моделей управления инновациями. Во-первых, это формирование устойчивых сетей взаимодействия (networking). К основным типам таких сетей следует отнести технологические платформы, инновационные сети университетов и научных учреждений, а также модели взаимодействия, основанные на краудсорсинге. Во-вторых, это модели создания и развития элементов инфраструктуры инноваций. К ним относятся фонды поддержки инноваций (Российская венчурная компания и инновационные фонды второго уровня, программы поддержки инноваций), технопарки и бизнес-инкубаторы, центры трансфера технологий и т.п. Ключевым звеном в современной инновационной системе должны выступать университеты и НИИ. В-третьих, это модели малых инновационных предприятий (при участии вузов и НИИ). Выделено четыре варианта создания малых инновационных предприятий в зависимости от типа бизнеса, состава учредителей и их компетенций. В-четвертых, это модели стратегических партнерств (альянсов) между наукой и бизнесом. В качестве комплексной модели управления инновациями можно рассматривать формирование и стимулирование экономических кластеров. Исследования ржаного комплекса отраслей России показали, что на территории Приволжского федерального округа сформировалась ярко выраженная концентрация отраслей по производству и переработке зерна ржи. Основу ржаного комплекса составляют три технологические цепочки: продовольственная, кормовая и техническая. В составе технологических цепочек присутствует значительное количество звеньев, связанных с выполнением научных исследований. Это создает основу для инновационного развития и применения кластерного подхода.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Vinnichek, L.B., Penza State Agriculrural Univ.

Small business entities engaged in business activities in the agro-industrial sphere are objectively in unfavorable conditions compared to large agribusiness organizations due to limited own resources and lack of opportunities for such parameters as an access to financial resources and public investment. The main purpose of the study is to develop an optimal mechanism of state financial and credit support to small agribusiness. The analysis of forms and methods of financial support of small agribusiness in foreign countries, which revealed the dependence of the level of economic development of the country on the development of small farms, has been carried out. The main tool of the state financial and credit support of agriculture is to increase the availability of loans for small agribusiness. Since 2017, in order to reduce the financial burden on agricultural enterprises, concessional lending has been introduced directly through credit institutions at a rate of not more than 5% per annum. In this regard, the article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the use and improvement of the new mechanism of concessional lending in terms of improving the efficiency of small businesses. There has been studied the state financial and credit support for small businesses, which is carried out in two directions, analyzed the conditions of subsidizing loans and concessional lending. A number of serious problems in the implementation of the mechanism of concessional lending, requiring early solutions. There have been developed measures to develop standards for lending to small businesses, increase funding for agricultural projects, the mechanisms of concessional lending, aimed at solving the existing problems at all stages of the life cycle of agricultural business. | Малые субъекты предпринимательства, осуществляющие предпринимательскую деятельность в агропромышленной сфере, объективно находятся в неблагоприятных условиях по сравнению крупными организациями АПК вследствие ограниченности собственных ресурсов и отсутствия возможностей по таким параметрам, как доступ к финансовым ресурсам и государственным инвестициям. Основной целью исследования является разработка оптимального механизма государственной финансово-кредитной поддержки малого агробизнеса. Проведен анализ форм и методов финансовой поддержки малого агробизнеса в зарубежных странах, который выявил зависимость между уровнем экономического развития страны и развитием малых форм хозяйствования. Основным инструментом государственной финансово-кредитной поддержки АПК является повышение доступности кредитов для малого агробизнеса. С 2017 г. в целях снижения финансовой нагрузки на предприятия АПК введено льготное кредитование напрямую через кредитные организации под ставку не более 5% годовых. В связи с этим статья посвящена анализу результатов использования и совершенствованию нового механизма льготного кредитования с точки зрения повышения эффективности деятельности малых форм хозяйствования. Исследована государственная финансово-кредитная поддержка малых форм хозяйствования, которая осуществляется по двум направлениям, проанализированы условия субсидирования кредитов и льготного кредитования. Выявлен ряд серьезных проблем в реализации механизма льготного кредитования, требующих скорейшего решения. Разработаны мероприятия по развитию стандартов кредитования малых форм хозяйствования, увеличению объема финансирования в рамках сельскохозяйственных проектов, развитию механизмов льготного кредитования, направленные на решение существующих проблем на всех стадиях жизненного цикла аграрного бизнеса.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Gataulina, E.A., The A.A. Nikonov All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Issues and Informatics, Moscow

Agricultural consumer cooperation has a long development history in Russia, is widely promoted, and supported financially and administratively at the federal and regional levels. In a broad sense, all agricultural producers can be considered as potential participants in cooperation, however, small forms, and especially household subsidiary plots are its main beneficiaries. It is urgent to find out how important cooperation has become, primarily in fulfilling its basic function, - to serve as a channel for selling agricultural products The realization of the cooperative potential is defined here as the share of agricultural products sold through supply and marketing cooperatives and purchased for processing by processing cooperatives from its total production in sectors of agriculture with a high share of households. The comparative and estimated and constrictive method based on the Federal State Statistics Service data is used. It has been revealed that agricultural consumer cooperation as a marketing channel still plays an insignificant role at the country level in all analyzed types of products. At the same time, in some regions for certain types of products, its importance can be recognized as significant (the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, the Lipetsk, Vladimir, Chelyabinsk regions). As a rule this is a result of the agrarian policy of the regional authorities, which take more extensive measures to support cooperation in comparison with federal measures. | С.-х. потребительская кооперация имеет давнюю историю развития в России, широко пропагандируется, поддерживается финансово и административно на федеральном и региональном уровнях. В широком смысле все сельхозпроизводители могут рассматриваться в качестве потенциальных участников кооперации, однако, малые формы, и особенно хозяйства населения – ее основные бенефициары. Актуальным является выяснение, насколько значимой стала кооперация, прежде всего, в выполнении своей основной функции, служить каналом реализации с.-х. продукции. Под реализацией потенциала кооперации здесь понимается удельный вес с.-х. продукции, реализуемый через снабженченско-сбытовые кооперативы, и закупленные для переработки перерабатывающими СПоК от общего ее производства в отраслях с высоким удельным весом в производстве хозяйств населения. Применяется сравнительный и расчетно-конструктивный метод на данных форм Росстата. Выявлено, что с.-х. потребительская кооперация как канал сбыта играет все еще незначительную роль на уровне страны по всем анализируемым видам продуктов. В то же время в некоторых регионах по отдельным видам продукции ее значение может быть признано существенным (Республика Саха-Якутия, Липецкая, Владимирская, Челябинская области). Как правило, это результат аграрной политики региональных властей, принимающих более расширенные по сравнению с федеральными меры поддержки кооперации.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Vasilevska, D., Liepaja Univ.

The benefits of Quality Management are widely recognized following reports of its successful implementation in many large companies. It has led to these companies becoming highly competitive both locally and internationally through the production of quality products that meet customer requirements at the lowest cost, significantly increasing their market share and profitability. Quality standards make life safer, they create a level playing field on which to compete, they allow access to state-of-the-art technology, strengthen innovation capacity, and help achieve the most effective allocation of resources. For SMEs, they are particularly vital as they remove many of the obstacles that would otherwise hinder their entry into and expansion within a market. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are a very important part of the European economy, accounting for 99.8 % of all businesses, 675 % of all jobs and 58.4 % of value added. Their central role has been recognized by the European Commission and the Member States through various policy pronouncements. Quality management at small business companies is one of major factors affecting entrepreneurship success. The product quality is one of the indispensable preconditions of a company´s success on the market. SMEs have a central role to play in growth and job creation, but their use of standards and their involvement with standardization is typically low. Both SMEs and the economy more widely could benefit from SMEs being more involved in the standardization process. The aim of this research is to investigate problems antecedents for Implementation of Quality Management in Small and Medium Enterprises, thereby contributing to the knowledge on how to adopt Quality Management in SMEs.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2018

Musial, W., University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland). Inst. of Economics and Social Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Organisation | Musial, K., National Research Inst. of Animal Production, Krakow (Poland). Dept. of Production Systems and Environment

The aim of this paper was a synthetic evaluation of selected aspects of the economic and ecological potential of the Pieniny, one of the most interesting medium-height mountain ranges in the Carpathians. The paper is an attempt to analyse the potential of protected areas of Pieniny Region, especially the Pieniny National Park. Economic interest and nature conservation as pursued by the national park and supported by the specific, individual farms, seem to be related to a significant extent. Except for the highly developed non-agricultural entrepreneurship in the Pieniny communes, including tourism and the related services, small-scale, dispersed agricultural production is important here. Sheep are kept in small herds and the majority of them are handed over for collective grazing during the season. They are grazed in 12 herds, one of which is involved in the environment-friendly cultural grazing in the Pieniny National Park. Sheep grazing in the pasture lands and abandoned arable land helps to maintain the biodiversity and the attractiveness of the cultural landscape, and tourists can buy sheep’s cheese produced by the local people, who live in the Pieniny.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2017

Precoppe M. | Chapuis A. | Müller J. | Abass A.

In sub-Saharan Africa, cassava is grown by smallholder farmers and is the principal source of calories for the local population. However, the short shelf life of cassava associated with poor infrastructure in the region results in significant postharvest losses. The expansion of small-scale cassava processing could reduce these losses, but the availability of drying equipment suitable for use in such operations is limited. The objective of this research was to contribute to the development of cassava dryers suitable for use by smallholder farmers. A tunnel dryer and a pneumatic dryer being operated in Tanzania were evaluated using mass and energy balance analysis. It was found that the energy efficiency of the tunnel dryer was 29% and of the pneumatic dryer 46%. For the tunnel dryer, most of the heat losses were through unsaturated exhaust air, while for the pneumatic dryer, most losses were through radiation and convection.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2017

Licite, L., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava

Europe is the number two producer of beer worldwide. However, the quantity of beer sold in Latvia in the last decade did not increase considerably, and the average quantity of beer consumed per capita rose very slowly. Even though beer consumption was stable in Latvia, the quantity of beer supplied to the market was approximately three times greater than the quantity of the other kinds of alcoholic beverages combined, totalling about 15 million dekalitres. Besides, in recent years in Latvia the segment of craft beers tended to increase, which became increasingly popular in Western Europe and the number of small breweries sharply increased there. In Latvia, the number of small breweries increased at a slower pace, therefore, the research aim was to examine the factors influencing the development of small breweries in Latvia. The research found that most of the breweries in Latvia qualified for the status of small brewery, the output of which did not exceed 50 000 dekalitres per year. Although small breweries produced craft beers, yet their performance and development were considerably influenced by the activity of the large breweries and the purchasing power of consumers. Small breweries positively influence the beer drinking traditions of Latvians, which can contribute to the stable development of the small breweries. Small breweries have their competitive advantages in the market, which is due to the quality and assortment of their products, as well as they perform extra economic activities that contribute to their recognition.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2017

Chapuis A. | Precoppe M. | Méot J.M. | Sriroth K. | Tran T.

In a number of tropical countries, the expansion of cassava processing is tied to the development of small-scale, energy-efficient pneumatic dryers used to dry flour and starch. To facilitate this development, in this study a model of the pneumatic drying of starch particles was developed, to be fitted to measurements taken from large cassava processing factories. After that, numerical simulations were performed to analyse the effects of geometry and operating conditions on the energy efficiency and pipe length required to dry the product. The results clarified the influence of processing capacity, air inlet conditions and starch particle size, emphasizing that air velocity, as well as the dilution of the starch, should be minimised. In light of the findings described here, we offer guidelines for the design of efficient small-capacity flash dryers.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2017

Anon.

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines