AGRIS - 

2017

Sulejmanov, F.I. | Sujya, E.V. | Chelnokova, M.I., Velikie Luki State Agricultural Academy, Pskov region

There was the influence of low-frequency magnetic and low-intensity laser radiation on the development of lungs in embryos of White Hubbard broiler chickens. The eggs were treated just before incubation. Changes of absolute and relative weight of lungs in embryos in the course of embryonal development in the tests groups relatively to the control group didn't were not statistically reliable and were ±0.02 g. Samples of embryo lungs were taken for histological test on days 10, 15 and 20 after the incubation. Sections of no more than 10 microns thick fixed in 10% NBF paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Formation of airways in lungs starts with the development of parabronchi with smooth mucous membranes. By day 15, hexagonal pulmonary lobes are formed and atria appear, in the test groups their development is faster. By day 20 of embryo development, the histologic structure of lung tissue is almost formed and lungs are ready for active work. Alveolar bloats appear at the end of atria. In the embryos of the test groups, the process of formation of the definitive lung parenchyma as well as processes of vascularization and hematopoiesis were more intensive than in the control group. It has been concluded that magnetic and laser radiation treatments have a beneficial effect on histogenesis of lung tissues and on the development of embryos in general. | Исследовано влияние низкочастотного магнитного и низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения на развитие легких у эмбрионов кур мясного кросса Уайт Хаббард. Обработку куриных яиц проводили непосредственно перед инкубацией. Изменения абсолютной и относительной массы легких у эмбрионов в процессе эмбрионального развития в опытных группах по отношению к контрольной не были статистически достоверны и составили примерно ±0,02 г. Для гистологического исследования были взяты образцы легких от эмбрионов на 10, 15 и 20-тые сутки инкубации. Срезы тканей толщиной не более 10 мкм получали после фиксации в 10%-ном нейтральном формалине после парафиновой проводки, затем они окрашивались гематоксилином и эозином. Формирование воздухоносных путей легких начинается с образования парабронхов с гладкими слизистыми оболочками. К 15-ти суточному возрасту сформировываются шестигранные легочные дольки и образуются атрии, в опытных группах их образование происходит более интенсивно. К 20-м суткам эмбрионального развития гистологическая структура легочной ткани уже практически оформлена, и легкие готовы к активной работе. На концах атрий образуются альвеолярные вздутия. У эмбрионов из опытных групп процесс формирования дефинитивной легочной паренхимы, процессы васкуляризации и гемопоэза происходит более интенсивно, чем в контрольной группе. Сделан вывод, что воздействия на куриный эмбрион магнитным и лазерным излучением благоприятно влияют на гистогенез тканей легких и развитие эмбрионов в целом.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Matise-VanHoutan, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava

In Latvia during 2014-2016 there was sudden increase in number of dogs diagnosed with megaesophagus (ME). Primary lesions were detected in peripheral nerves 52 indicating polyneuropathy (PNP) as underlying disease. Results of epidemiological investigation showed that exposure to brand. A dry dog food was the main risk factor. The objective of this study was to test dogs and food for potential toxins and deficiencies that may cause ME/PNP. Blood, serum and tissues of sick (n=62) and dead dogs (n=33) and dog food (n=63) were tested for heavy metals (thallium), acrylamide, botulism, organophosphates, carbamate, ionophores, and unknown substances. Serum, tissues and/or dog food were tested for trace minerals, vitamin E, essential amino acids and mycotoxins. Despite extensive toxicological screening conclusive toxin has not been found yet. Findings detected outside the normal limits in dogs and/or dog food include: (1) severe cholinesterase inhibition in the brain; (2) several-fold increase in trace mineral levels in food and variable increase in tissue and hair; (3) presence of urea in some food samples; (4) inhibition of cell proliferation in cell culture. Most common toxic causes of ME/PNP, including heavy metals, (thallium), acrylamide, ionophores, botulism, mycotoxins, and main pesticides, were ruled out.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2016

Dilekova, O.V. | Kvochko, A.N., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ.

The immunohistochemical research of pigs' pancreas from birth till 3 years of post-natal ontogenesis was done. The selection and fixation of whole glands in formalin were done from 10 animals in each of the following ages: 1 day; 1, 3, 6 months; 1 year and 3 years. It was found that there were restructurings in gland during the ontogenesis. Beta-endocrinocytes+ on the first days after birth of an animal formed heterocellular zone in endocrine islets. After 3 months the part of islets consisted of hemocellular zone of beta-endocrinocytes+ in the form of continuous mass. Other part of islets remained in heterocellular zone of cells. After 3 years the cells were located only in hemocellular zone that led to the formation of islets of mantle type. Alpha-endocrinocytes+ since birth till 3 months of life had mosaic arrangement in endocrine islets. From 6 months to 3 years delta-endocrinocytes+ and PP-endocrinocytes+ were situated only on the periphery of islets and had identical movement in islets. From birth till 1 year of life of the animal delta-endocrinocytes+ and PP-endocrinocytes+ were located only on the periphery of islets. The cells were moving to the center after 1 year of post-natal ontogenesis in some islets, leading to the formation of islets of two types by the 3rd year of life of the animal. The first type was islets with mosaic arrangement of delta- and PP-endocrinocytes+; the second - islets with peripheral zone of delta-, PP-endocrinocytes+ arrangement. Besides endocrine islets beta-, alpha-, delta- and PP-endocrinocytes+ were visible in exocrine part of the pancreas and were located in loose connective tissue between pancreatic acini, in excretory ducts. Single beta- and alpha-endocrinocytes+ were located among exocrine pancreatocytes, forming acinoinsulin cells. | Проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование поджелудочной железы свиней от рождения до 3 лет постнатального онтогенеза. Отбор и фиксацию в формалине целых желез проводили от 10 животных на каждом из следующих возрастов: 1 сут; 1, 3, 6 мес.; 1 год и 3 года. Выявлено, что в процессе онтогенеза в железе происходят структурные перестройки. В эндокринных островках бета-эндокриноциты+ в первые сутки после рождения животного формируют гетероцеллюлярную зону. В 3 месяца часть островков состоит из гемоцеллюлярной зоны бета-эндокриноцитов+ в виде сплошной массы. Остальная часть островков остается с гетероцеллюлярной зоной клеток. В 3 года клетки расположены только в гемоцеллюлярной зоне, что приводит к образованию островков плащевого типа. Альфа-эндокриноциты+ с рождения до 3 месяцев жизни в эндокринных островках имеют мозаичное расположение. С 6 месяцев до 3 лет дельта-эндокриноциты+ и РР-эндокриноциты+ лежат только на периферии островков и имеют одинаковое передвижение в островках. С рождения до 1 года жизни животного дельта-эндокриноциты+ и РР-эндокриноциты+ расположены только на периферии островков. С 1 года постнатального онтогенеза в некоторых островках происходит перемещение клеток в центр, что приводит к формированию островков двух типов к 3 годам жизни животного. Первый тип – это островки с мозаичным расположением дельта- и РР-эндокриноцитов+; второй – островки с периферической зоной расположения дельта-, РР- эндокриноцитов+. Кроме эндокринных островков бета- альфа- дельта- и РР-эндокриноциты+ визуализируются в экзокринной части поджелудочной железы и расположены в рыхлой соединительной ткани между панкреатическими ацинусами, в выводных протоках железы. Единичные бета- и альфа-эндокриноциты+ расположены среди экзокринных панкреатоцитов, формируя ацино-инсулярные клетки.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Kurlykova, Yu.A. | Savinkov, A.V., Samara State Agricultural Academy

Цель исследования – повышение продуктивных качеств поросят за счет улучшения морфофункциональных показателей системы пищеварения. Для проведения опыта было сформировано две группы клинически здоровых поросят сразу после отъема в возрасте 35 дней. Каждая группа состояла из 10 голов, подбор осуществлялся по принципу аналогов. Животные опытной группы ежедневно в течение 2 мес. получали с кормом сыворотку молочную гидролизованную из расчета 2 мл/кг живой массы. По завершении опыта средний показатель живой массы поросят контрольной группы имел значение 26,1±1,2 кг, а опытной группы – 32,3±0,8 кг, разница составила 23% (р меньше 0,05). В результате гистоморфологического исследования выявлено увеличение размера крипт и каемчатых эпителиоцитов в слизистой оболочке тощей кишки поросят опытной группы. Это свидетельствует об усилении пищеварительной активности органа. Появление светлоклеточных зон в печени и уменьшение долек свидетельствует об усилении регенераторной способности и повышении детоксикационной функции. В лимфатических узлах появление фолликулов малого размера с выраженными светлыми центрами, как и в печени, свидетельствует об усилении потенциала регенерации и активизации иммунной функции. Сделан вывод, что применение сыворотки положительно влияет на состояние пищеварительной системы поросят и их организма в целом. | The object of research is increasing of productive qualities of pigs due to improvement the morphofunctional indicators of the digestion system. To carry out an experiment, two groups of clinically healthy pigs right after depriving at the age of 35 days were formed. Each group consisted of 10 heads; the selection was carried out by the principle of analogs. The experimental animals annually for 2 months received with feed hydrolyzed whey ob the basis of 2 ml/kg of body weight. After completion of the experiment an average value of the body weight of the control group pigs was 26.1±1.2 kg, and in the experimental group - 32.3±0.8 kg, the difference was 23% (рles than 0.05). A histomorphologic study has found increasing the size of crypts and limbic epithelial cells in the mucous membrane of empty intestine of pigs in the experimental group, this testifies to strengthening of body digestive activity. Emergence of light-cellular zones in liver and reduction of segments testifies to strengthening the regeneration ability and activation of detoxication function. In lymph nodes the emergence of follicles of the small size with pronounced light centers as well as in liver, testifies to enhancing the potential regeneration and activity of the immune function. It has been concluded that the use of whey positively influences the state of the digestive system of young pigs and their body in general.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Belov, S.A. | Mustafina, D.G. | Bikteev, S.M. | Seitov, M.S., Orenburg State Agrarian Univ.

The dependence of the content of macro- and microelements in the body of Edilbaevsky sheep aged 1 and 4 years on the chemical composition of the river water used for the animals' watering has been studied. The study was conducted in the Orenburg region. To determine the content of heavy metals in the drinking water the atomic absorption analyzer was used. The animals' heart, pericardium, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and lungs were examined. The analyses of water in the river Ural, sampled in August, revealed increased levels of lead and cadmium, the content of which was 2.6 and 4.8 times higher compared to the normal. An increased level of chemical elements accumulation in the internal organs, depending on the age of the animals and the sanitary condition of surface waters in the river, was found. At the age of 1 year the content of iron in the gallbladder of sheep was 1.19 times higher and of cobalt in the liver - 2.4 times higher. In sheep aged 4 years the maximum level of lead – 0.88 mg/kg was noted in the pericardium and its minimum content - in the gallbladder. The level of cadmium was the highest in kidneys and it exceeded the value of its content in the heart by 11.82 times, in the pericardium - by 4.06 times, in the liver – by 2.83 times, in the gallbladder – by 4.64 times and in the lungs - by 7.83 times. The lowest cadmium content was found in the heart. The highest amount of iron was found in the pericardium and the minimal - in the heart muscle. The need to monitor the quality of raw materials obtained from the animals as well as the water condition in the open water bodies of the region has been substantiated. | Изучена зависимость содержания макро- и микроэлементов в организме овец эдильбаевской породы в возрасте 1 и 4 года от химического состава речной воды, используемой для поения животных. Исследование проведено в Оренбургской области. Для определения содержания тяжелых металлов использован атомно-абсорбционный анализатор. Исследованы сердце, околосердечная сумка, печень, желчный пузырь, почки и легкие животных. При анализе воды в реке Урале, отобранной в августе, выявлено повышение уровня свинца и кадмия по сравнению с нормой в 2,6 и 4,8 раза. Установлено повышение уровня накопления химических элементов во внутренних органах в зависимости от возраста животных и санитарного состояния поверхностных вод реки Урала. В возрасте 1 год обнаружено повышение уровня железа в желчном пузыре овец в 1,19 раза, кобальта в печени – в 2,4 раза. В 4-летнем возрасте максимальный уровень свинца выявлен в околосердечной сумке – 0,88 мг/кг, минимальное – в желчном пузыре. Уровень кадмия был наибольшим в почках и превышал значение изучаемого показателя в сердце в 11,82 раза, в околосердечной сумке – в 4,06, в печени – 2,83, в желчном пузыре – 4,64 и в легких – в 7,83 раза. Наименьшее содержание кадмия отмечалось в сердце. Скопление железа было наибольшим в околосердечной сумке, а минимальное – в сердечной мышце. Доказана необходимость мониторинга качества сырья, получаемого от животных, и состояния воды в открытых водоемах области.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Ul'yanov, R.V. | Domnitskij, I.Yu., The N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Sazonov, A.A. | Novikova, S.V.

Изучали влияние кормовых добавок "Стролитин" (содержит L-карнитин) и "Бутофан ОR" (содержит витамин В12 и бутофосфан) на морфометрические показатели гистоструктурных изменений ткани печени и почек цыплят. На одной из птицефабрик Саратовской обл. было сформировано 2 гр. цыплят по 1500 гол. в каждой. Цыплята опытной группы (ОГ) получали указанные добавки, контрольной (КГ) – не получали. Отбор материала для гистологического исследования проводили на 40-й и 90-й дни. В печени и почках у цыплят КГ и ОГ выявляли определенные патологические процессы, которые в большей степени были выражены в органах у цыплят КГ. На 90-й день на фоне увеличения выраженности отечных процессов у цыплят КГ в печени птиц ОГ имели место незначительные отеки, которые не нарушали функции гемоциркуляции и желчевыведения. При этом просветы центральных вен были умеренно кровенаполнены, желчные протоки сохраняли проходимость. В почках большинство клубочков были незначительно увеличены в объеме. Общая площадь отеков в ткани печени и почек у цыплят ОГ была меньше, чем в КГ, на 36,91 и 40,25%, а среднеарифметическая площадь одного отека – на 66,75 и 5,57% соответственно. Изменения в структуре органов цыплят ОГ свидетельствуют об усилении активности гепатоцитов, нормализации гемоциркуляции, секреции желчевыведения на фоне ослабления выраженности отечных процессов. Сделан вывод, что применение указанных кормовых добавок позволяет оптимизировать обменные процессы в печени и почках у цыплят, способствуя тем самым качественному улучшению структурно-функционального развития пищеварительной и выделительной систем организма. | The effect of "Strolitin" (contains L-Carnitin) and "Butofan OR" (contains vitamin B12 and butafosfan) feed additives on morphometric parameters of histostructural changes in chickens' liver and kidney tissues. On one of the poultry farms of the Saratov region 2 groups of chickens with 1500 birds in each have been created. Chickens of the experimental group (EG) received the mentioned additives, of the control one (CG) – did not. Selection of material for the histologic research was done on the 40th and 90th days. Certain pathological processes, largely presented in the CG chickens' organs, were found in the liver and kidneys of chickens in CG and EG., Minor swelling that do not interfere with the function of blood circulation and bile excretion was noted in the liver of the EG birds on the 90th day when edematous processes in chickens in the CG increased. At the same time gaps of central veins were with moderate blood content, biliary ducts were passable. Malpighian tuftweres were slightly increased. The total area of swelling in EG chickens' liver and kidney tissues was lower than in CG by 36.91% and 40.25%, and the arithmetic average area of swelling - by 66.75% and 5.57%, respectively. Changes in the structure of the EG chickens' organs show an increased activity of hepatocytes, normalization of blood circulation, secretion of bile excretion with the swelling processes severity weakening. The conclusion was done that the use of the above mentioned feed additives allows to optimize the metabolic processes in chickens' liver and kidneys, contributing to the qualitative improvement of the structural and functional development of the digestive and excretory systems of the body.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Tumilovich,G.A. | Kharitonik,D.N. | Grishchuk,S.V. | Senko,O.A.

Results of studying of morphological features of esophageal trench are given in article. The conducted researches have shown that length, width, height and thickness of lips of esophageal trench in young growth of cattle develops not evenly. Most intensively length, and then thickness of lips and at last, width of esophageal trench increases. Small height of lips in the first third of esophageal trench doesn&#039 | t change throughout the studied period, however changed a ratio of thickness of his layers. Changes in the ratio of layer thickness of the epithelium associated with change in the structure and nature of the feed | У артыкуле прыведзены вынікі вывучэння марфалагічных асаблівасцяў страваводнага жолаба. Праведзеныя даследаванні паказалі, што даўжыня, шырыня, вышыня і таўшчыня губ страваводнага жолаба ў маладняка буйной рагатай жывелы развіваецца не раўнамерна. Найбольш інтэнсіўна павялічваецца даўжыня, а затым таўшчыня губ і нарэшце, шырыня страваводнага жолаба. Малая вышыня губ у першай трэці страваводнага жолаба не забяспечвае іх поўнага смыкання, таму адбываецца частковае пападанне вадкага корму ў рубец, а гэта вядзе да развіцця захворванняў страўнікава-кішачнага тракта. Таўшчыня эпітэліяльнага пласта страваводнага жолаба істотна не змянялася на працягу доследнага перыяду, аднак змяняліся суадносіны таўшчыні яго слаеў. Змены суадносін таўшчыні слаеў эпітэлія звязаны са змяненнем структуры і характару корма. | t provide their full clamping therefore there is a partial hit of liquid forage in a hem, and it leads to development of diseases of a digestive tract. Thickness of an epithelial layer of a layer of esophageal trench significantly didn&#039

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2016

Yanochkin,I.V.

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Achondo, M.J.M.M. | Ocampo, P.P.

This study determined whether the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and liver histology of Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) induced by anticholinesterase insecticides in the laboratory was detectable among the non-induced freshly caught birds from the wild. There were five different test groups designated: Groups A (birds caught during pre-booting to booting stage of rice) and B (birds caught during heading to flowering stage of rice), which were immediately analyzed for enzyme activity, Group C and D (treated with the residual concentrations of carbamate and chlorpyrifos insecticides, respectively), and Control Group (depurated in the laboratory for 30 days). Results showed that the AChE activity of the test species appeared significantly inhibited among insecticide-treated groups (Groups C and D) as compared to the control group. Group A showed consistently low AChE activity and was comparable to the inhibition rate observed in the treated groups; while in Group B, AChE activity is quite comparable with that on the control. Looking into the liver histology, Groups A and B were assessed and showed mild abnormalities as compared to the apparent lesions in the liver in Groups C and D. The observed vacuolation from the liver in groups A and B might indicate their exposure to carbamate insecticides sprayed in the field. The present study confirmed that these birds are among the non-target species that could be readily affected by the ChE-inhibitor insecticides and can be used as bioindicators of insecticide contamination in wetlands.

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University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2015

Erazo-Pagador, G.

Parasitology of edible and commercially valuable window-pane oysters (Placuna placenta L.) using gross macroscopic examination and histology was conducted. To screen for the presence of parasites, wild oysters were collected monthly from January 2008 to December 2008 from Trapiche, Oton in west central Philippines. Thirty live adult oysters with shell length (SL) of 52-89 mm, were hand picked monthly. Gross observation showed the presence of pea crabs (Pinnotheres sp.) in the mantle cavity of the oysters. The overall prevalence and intensity of P. placenta with pea crabs were 4.44% and 1, respectively. Histological examination revealed the occurrence of Tylocephalum sp. (prevalence and intensity of the parasites were 1.66% and 0.5, respectively) in connective tissues around the digestive gland. Tylocephalum sp. was found surrounded by hemocytic infiltration. Ciliates (Ancistroma sp.) were also observed in the gills with overall prevalence of 38.83% and intensity of 7.51. Larval stages of trematodes of Bucephalus sp. (prevalence, 18.83%; intensity of 1.5) were found in the connective tissues of the female gonad. The study presents a documentation of parasites of P. placenta in the Philippines.

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University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines