الكلمات المفتاحية الخاصة بالمكنز الزراعي (أجروفوك)

2018

O. A. Dubinina

Winter wheat resistance to main stress factors of environment and weather (review) Difficult weather-climatic conditions put a number of important tasks before winter wheat breeding. Some years are characterized with unfavourable stress factors of environment which should be taken into account during winter wheat breeding. Among all year with good growing conditions for winter crops there are some years with sudden change of temperature in winter months and in spring, when plants suffer from freezing, bulging, waterlogging that result in thinning of crops and even crop failure. Early spring and later spring frosts reduce crop productivity. Eastern hot dry winds together with high temperatures at the end of June-beginning of July negatively affect on grain filling and ripeness. Pouring precipitations in May-June can cause hard lodging of crops and can become favourable for the development of diseases. All these weather factors make winter wheat breeding more difficult. The article presents and summarizes the study results of winter wheat tolerance to the main stress factors of environment and weather obtained by various researchers.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

V. O. Kornienko | V. N. Kalaev | A. O. Elizarov

The study is focused on the influence of ambient temperature on biomechanical properties of tissues in the treesgrowing in the conditions of protected and open grounds. The investigations were carried out on 11 plant species growing in the greenhouse of Donetsk Botanical Gardens and 11 tree species growing in open grounds in the conditions of the city of Donetsk. The experiment included two series of trials: 1) calculating the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of woody tissue for species from the fig Ficus L. genus at +23 ºС; 2) finding temperature dependence of the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) for the Illawarra flame tree Brachychiton acerifolius A. Cunn. ex G. Don Macarthur et C. Moore and ceiba Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., and calculating the same dependences for 11 open ground plants. The values of MOR for 7 greenhouse species averaged 4.9 ± 0.7 МН/m2, i.e. circa 20 times lower than in natural environments. Such species as Haroni fig Ficus vallis-choudae Delile and banyan fig Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae (C. DC.) had the lowest MOR values. The study of the influence of low temperatures showed that in the sample pretreated by –23 °C freezing and then heating, MOE dropped simultaneously with slowing of the temperature shift. The altering of MOE is of a stepwise character. The common temperature breakpoint for all the curves is T = 0 °C, i. e. freezing point. According to the values of MOE and MOR, the most resistant species are rubber fig Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. and Benjamin fig Ficus benjamina L. (for greenhouses), and northern red oak Quercus rubra L., common oak Quercus robur L., and silver birch Betula pendula Roth (for open grounds). The studies allow us to recommend temporary outdoor tub-gardening in summertime for greenhouse trees with proper for each plant shading. Open ground trees should be protected from irreversible trunk bending and breakage preventing or reducing exposure of the lower part of their trunks to light using protective fiber wraps or special cases.

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2018

V. N. Shilovsky | A. M. Ogly

In the article gives an analysis of climate change effect on yield stability of earlier cultivated rice varieties in Krasnodar Krai. The zone with moderate climate, which is characteristic for Krasnodar Krai, has periodic changes of temperatures to ‘warming’ or ‘cooling (cold snap)’ during rice vegetation. Therefore a variety developed in one of these periods, matches the environmental conditions and gives an optimal yield and stability of economically valuable traits. But a long period of ‘warming’ results in domination of early maturity of the crop together with productivity reduce and worsening of economic traits of rice.  The effect was shown on varieties ‘Dubovsky129’, ‘Krasnodarsky424’, Spalchik’, ‘Liman’, developed and grown during various periods of climate change. All mentioned varieties were adapted to climatic conditions, in which selection and study of their initial forms during selection were made. But the climate change to ‘warming’ resulted in reduce of their vegetation time, decrease of 1000 seeds weight, worsening of grain qualitative characteristics and reduce of their productivity.  The varieties were subjected to strong infection of rice blast disease (Piricularia grisea). It was necessary to change old varieties with new ones, which could produce high yields of rice grain in such environmental conditions. Thus, it is possible to keep high yields of rice under climatic changes at the expense of continuous breeding process with participation of southern rice varieties adapted to high temperatures during vegetation.

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2018

Чернявских, С.Д. | До, Х.К. | Рыжкова, Ю.П.

В опытах in vitro изучены адаптационные реакции эритроцитов и полиморфноядерных лейкоцитов сазана Cyprinus carpio, инкубированных при разных температурных режимах, по изменению их морфометрических параметров и физических свойств плазматической мембраны методом атомно-силовой микроскопии (АСМ). Установлено, что вне зависимости от температуры инкубации красные клетки крови сазана сохраняют овальную или эллиптическую форму, белые клетки крови – округлой формы. Поверхность лейкоцитов Cyprinus carpio при контрольной (20оС), пониженной (5оС) и повышенной (40оС) температурах инкубации имеет шероховатый вид. Установлено уменьшение морфометрических параметров полиморфноядерных лейкоцитов (площадь, объем, большой и малый диаметры) при снижении температуры инкубации до 5оС по сравнению с температурой 20оС. Упруго-эластические свойства эритроцитов и ПМЯЛ Cyprinus carpio как при снижении (до 5оС), так и при повышении (до 40оС) температуры инкубации, по сравнению с комнатной температурой (20оС), уменьшаются.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2018

Кузнецов, Е.Е. | Худовец, В.И. | Дрёмина, С.Л. | Марков, С.Н. | Шуравин, А.А.

Как известно, одним из важных условий эффективного использования грузовых автомобилей в холодное время года, в частности при эксплуатации в природно-климатической зоне Амурской области, является обеспечение нормального функционирования агрегатов трансмиссии и систем транспортного средства, так как их  тепловой режим при низкой температуре окружающего воздуха не достигает оптимальных рабочих значений, что ведет к дополнительным потерям мощности,  снижению работоспособности и технического ресурса, ускоренному износу деталей, узлов и агрегатов.В статье предлагается способ снижения влияния  природных условий на нормальную эксплуатацию транспортного средства за счёт установки электрического ленточного подогревателя, приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований гидравлического механизма подъёма кузова самосвального автомобиля с подогревающим устройством в условиях Амурской области, даны рекомендации по использованию и данные по внедрению подогревающего устройства в технологию производства сельскохозяйственных организаций.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2018

Khakimov, R.T., St. Petersburg State Agrarian Univ.

There has been developed a mathematical model of the process of the fuel tank cooling with cryogenic liquid (liquefied methane) during refueling. Both a three-dimensional and two-dimensional problem represented in the Cartesian coordinate system, taking into account the non-stationary heat and mass transfer of the two-phase flow was solved. To solve this problem it is necessary to take into account the thermal properties of methane and its parameters in turbulent flow, especially the design of the cryogenic tank and special insulation materials. Particular attention is paid to the study of the critical pressure and temperature of liquefied methane, as well as the heat capacity determination in the mode of free heating-cooling of the fuel supply system of the gas engine and cryogenic tank in the filled state in a special thermal insulation. The determination of critical parameters of pressure and temperature is considered under the condition of the methane expiration in a special circular tube in order to supply gas to a two-phase engine. Presented are the results of numerical simulation of the unsteady process of heat and mass transfer of liquefied methane in the cryogenic tank of automotive engineering. Using the FlowVision application software package, it is possible to calculate the mass fractions of methane passing from a liquid state to a gas state. The main purpose of this mathematical model is to determine the speed of the phase transition and the selection of the thermal insulation layer, as well as the development of a set of scientific and technical measures aimed at extending the shelf life of liquefied methane in a cryogenic tank in a non-drainage mode. It is recommended to use heat insulating materials based on aerogel, cryogel and foam rubber. | Разработана математическая модель процесса захолаживания топливного бака с криогенной жидкостью (сжиженный метан) при заправке. Решалась как трехмерная, так и двухмерная задача, представленная в декартовой системе координат с учетом нестационарного тепломассообмена истечения двухфазного потока. Для решения данной краевой задачи необходимо учитывать теплофизические свойства метана и его показателей при турбулентном течении, особенности конструкции криогенного бака и специальных изоляционных материалов. Особое внимание отводится исследованию критических показателей давления и температуры сжиженного метана, а также определение теплоемкости в режиме свободного нагрева - охлаждения топливоподающей системы газового двигателя и криогенного бака в заполненном состоянии в специальной теплоизоляции. Определение критических параметров давления и температуры рассматривается при условии истечения метана в специальной трубке круглого сечения с целью подачи газа к двигателю в двухфазном виде. Представлены результаты численного моделирования нестационарного процесса тепломассообмена сжиженного метана в криогенном баке автотракторной техники. Используя пакет прикладных программ FlowVision, можно численно рассчитать массовые доли метана, переходящие из жидкого состояния в газообразное. Основная цель данной математической модели – определение скорости фазового перехода и подбора теплоизоляционного слоя, а также разработка комплекса научно-технических мероприятий, направленных на продление срока хранения сжиженного метана в криогенном баке в бездренажном режиме. Рекомендовано использовать теплоизолирующие материалы на основе аэрогеля, криогеля и вспененного каучука.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Z. V. Lovkis | S. I. Korzan | З. В. Ловкис | С. И. Корзан

The development and introduction of modern high-performance and efficient devices for the disinfection of liquids, in particular drinking water, in the food industry is an actual line of scientific research. At present, active research is being carried out all over the world on the properties of hydrodynamic heaters and their application in various fields of activity. The article presents the developed pilot plant which includes a rotary heater which operation principle is based on the conversion of mechanical energy supplied to the rotor into the energy of the vortex motion of the liquid. The device and the operating principle of the pilot plant are described. A methodology has been developed for carrying out studies to determine the effect of the structural and technological parameters of the rotary heater on the water heating temperature. The results of experimental studies on the effect of the structural and technological parameters of the rotary heater on the water heating temperature are shown. | Разработка и внедрение в пищевую промышленность современных высокопроизводительных и эффективных устройств для обеззараживания жидкостей, в частности воды питьевой, является актуальным направлением научных исследований. В настоящее время во всем мире ведутся активные исследования по изучению свойств гидродинамических нагревателей и применению их в различных сферах деятельности. В статье представлена разработанная опытная установка, в состав которой входит роторный нагреватель, принцип действия которого основан на преобразовании механической энергии, подведенной к ротору в энергию вихревого движения жидкости. Описано устройство и принцип работы опытной установки. Разработана методика проведения исследований по определению влияния конструкционных и технологических параметров роторного нагревателя на температуру нагрева воды. Отображены результаты проведения экспериментальных исследований по определению влияния конструкционных и технологических параметров роторного нагревателя на температуру нагрева воды.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2018

M. M. Ivanisov

Free proline in leaves as an indicator of the determination of winter wheat frost resistance The article considers the results of the determination of frost resistance of winter wheat, grown in the sowing boxes. The amount of plants survived in such conditions (the temperature of freezing was -20 °С) ranged from 20.5 to 83.5% through three years. The standard variety “Tarasovskaya 29” had 55.3% of live plants. The varieties “Polina” (72.3%), “Volnitsa” (76%), “Donskaya bezostaya” (78.1%), “Asket” (78.1%). “Volny Don” (78.3%) and “Don 107” (83.8%) showed high indexes of frost resistance (НСР05 ± 14.1%). The varieties “Kaprizulya” (37.0%), “Tanya” (38.0%), “Lilit” (38.4%) and “260/09” (20.5%) had low indexes of frost resistance in such conditions. There have been also given the results of the use of an indirect method - a determination of free proline concentration. The content of amino acid in winter wheat leaves during the period from autumn to spring has been determined. More frost tolerant varieties had a larger content of free proline. The content of proline in winter wheat leaves can tell about a level of frost resistance of this or that variety, comparing it with a variety-classifier with a known frost resistance. A close connection of these traits proves this. Thus, the determination of free proline content can become an express method for the determination of the level of winter soft wheat frost resistance. It will allow getting rid of less frost tolerant material during the early stages of the breeding process.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

M. A. Skazhennik | V. A. Dzuba | V. C. Kovalyov | E. V. Dubina | I. N. Chukhir | E. G. Savenko | T. S. Pshenitsyna

For Russia countries with a temperate climate, with direct sowing of rice increase of cold tolerant varieties in seed germination and shoot formation are important. This trait allows to begin rice sowing earlier using for plant growing the favorable period by temperature to obtain optimum shoots by density that gives the chance to realize potential efficiency of varieties. A research objective is to create and estimate the initial stock resistant to low positive temperatures for use it for breeding of new cold tolerant rice varieties.Display of molecular markers - is neutral in relation to a phenotype and they can be found out at any stage of development of plants in ontogenesis. Methods of DNA-genotipirovanija and PCR analysis by means of molecular markers allow accelerating carrying over of the necessary genes in the course of breeding and to provide creation of new varieties with a complex of the set properties Therefore the role of biotechnological methods is important at creation new cold tolerant varieties.According to results of PCR analysis by use of SSR - marker lines of rice with dominant alleles of cold resistance genes were screened. Double haploids were obtained by anther culture method in vitro and resistant forms were found. Plants with economically valuable traits were screened. All-round evaluation of obtained material gave the possibility to find initial stock for use breeding process in future for release of new cold resistant rice varieties.

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2018

A. S. Pikaleva

The big retail chains incur lot of losses of the fresh fruit and vegetable products, the considerable part of which formed by fresh imported tomatoes. This article presents the results of an experiment conducted at Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of city Krasnodar for the investigation of influence of temperature conditions on tomatoes quality of the “Torbash” sort during storage. As a biochemical parameters of the quality assessment were investigated acidity, dissolved dry matter content, ascorbic acid and sugars content. Correlation analysis of the data with a changing parameter “temperature” has revealed dependence of the vitamin C content on glucose and the total content of sugars 240 hours after storage. Analysis of data on vitamin C and glucose at a fixed factor “storage time” has showed a high correlation of these parameters at a temperature of 18°С, at 22°С the correlation is moderate. Moderate correlation of the vitamin С content with the sum of the sugars is observed at temperature of plus 16°С; at 4 and 18°C there is a weak correlation. But correlation analysis for sugars and acidity showed no correlation at temperatures other than normal (7…8°С). The ratios of vitamin С and glucose or vitamin С and the amount of sugars can serve as indicators in estimation fruit quality, and the weak of correlation between sugars and acidity at temperatures other than 8°С indicates storage of the product with temperature disturbances

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