AGRIS - 

2019

A. I. Varlamova

The purpose of the research: study of the influence of increased doses of fenbendazole supramolecular complex (FSMC) on sheep’s organism. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out at the Podolsk Department of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants named after K. I. Skryabin on 20 manorial invasion-free sheep aged 2-3 years old. Animals were divided according to the principle of analogues into 4 groups, 5 heads in each group. Animals of the 1, 2 and 3 group were orally administered with FSMC given as a single dose of 2, 6, 10 mg/kg, respectively, according to the active substance, i.e in therapeutic and in a dose increased by 3 and 5 times. Sheep of the fourth group didn’t receive the drug and they were as control. Study of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of animals from all groups was conducted 1 day before and in 1, 3, 5 days after administration of the drug by means of standard methods. Results and discussion. FSMC in therapeutic dose as well as in a dose increased by 3 and 5 times doesn’t have negative influence on clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of the sheep. State of the sheep, which received the drug in doses of 20, 60, 100 mg/kg, was within the physiologically normal state and didn’t differ from the state before administration of the drug and from the animals of the control group. Drug security index exceeds 5. Red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin count, leukogram parameters as well as biochemical parameters of blood: activity of alkaline phosphatase and amylase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and glucose counts were within normal limits and didn’t differ from the parameters of the control animals.

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2019

S. A. Begiyeva | A. M. Bittirov

The purpose of the research is to study the specifics of the regional spreading of oesophagostomosis in the North Caucasus region, taking into account the breed and age of the sheep.Materials and methods. The materials used for the study are sets of intestinal sections (90 sets each) and feces samples (300 samples each) of North Caucasian meat and wool breed and Karachaev coarse-haired breed. In this study, the method of full helminthological dissection according to K. I. Skryabin was used, along with method of coprolarvoscopy. The determination of the species of nematodes was carried out according to the guide of K. I. Skryabin and others.Results and discussion. Oesophagostomosis in Kabardino-Balkaria is an enzootic infection that infects 44.44–61.11% of sheep population. The intensity of infection with oesophagostomosis ranges from 110.3±12.8 to 303.53±28.20 species/animal. In lambs up to 1 year of age, the extensiveness of infection by oesophagostomosis was 63.33% with an intensity of infection of 328.6±28.3 species/animal; in Karachai lambs the rate was 43.33% and 212.4±19.2 species/animal respectively; in young sheep of 1–2 years old, the rate was 80.0% and 406.3±39.9 species/animal; in the Karachai breed the rate was 63.33 % and 289.6±25.7 species/animal. The most susceptible to oesophagostomosis, regardless of age, are sheep of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed, which is explained by the characteristics of the range and ecology of food. Oesophagostomosis, regardless of breed, is most common in lambs from 3 months to 1 year. These data should be used in predicting the epizootic situation and searching for measures to combat sheep oesophagostomosis in the region.

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2019

A. I. Varlamova | I. A. Arkhipov

Objective of research - to study the biological activity of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole with arabinogalactan against helminthoses of sheep considering spectrum of action. Materials and methods. Anthelmintic activity of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole with arabinogalactan (SMCF) was studied in sheep farms of the Moscow and Samara regions, which were infected with helminthoses. The experiments were made in 2014-2015 in the period of the maximal infection of animals. 386 younger sheep were used in experiments, including 50 sheep spontaneously infected with Dictyocaulus filaria , 48 - Nematodirus spp ., 52 - other gastrointestinal strongylata, 47 - Fasciola hepatica , 49 - Dicrocoelium lanceatum , 42 - Strongyloides sp ., 44 - Trichocephalus spp ., 54 - Moniezia spp . All the animals in each case of helminthoses were divided into 6 equal groups of 7-10 sheep each by the principle of analogs. SMCF was administered orally in the form of 10 % powder at the dose of 1,0; 2,0 and 3,0 mg/kg of active substance once to the sheep of the first, second and third groups. Animals of the fourth and fifth groups received the basic drug - fenbendazole at the doses respectively 1,0 and 7,5 mg/kg of bw except for the cases of fasciolosis and dicroceliasis when SMCF was administered at the doses of 15,0; 7,5 and 5,0 mg/kg and fenbendazole - at the dose of 5,0 and 15,0 mg/kg. The control group did not receive the drug. The efficacy of SMCF was evaluated by the results of larvaovoscopic researches of feces by Berman's method in case of dictyocaulosis, a flotation method in case of other helminthoses before and in 15-18 days after treatment. The efficacy of SMCF was evaluated in «control test» with calculation of middle amount of eggs/larva of helminths in 1 g of feces. Results and discussion. The spectrum of anthelmintic action and the therapeutic dose of SMCF with arabinogalactan, received by mechanochemical technology were studied and defined in experiments on 386 sheep, spontaneously infected with different species of helminths. SMCF showed maximum efficiency (96-100 %) in a dose of 3,0 mg/kg of active substance against main helminthoses and in a dose of 15,0 mg/kg - against dicroceliasis and fasciolosis. The efficacy of SMCF was in 2-3 times higher than activity of fenbendazole substance.

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2019

Khajitov, A.Kh., St. Petersburg State Agrarian Univ.

Karachay Sheep possess sufficiently good precocity, reaching 55- 60% of weaning weight of adult animals. Thanks to this ability lambs for slaughter can be used at suckling age. In the research, meat quality lambs were studied at different ages by control slaughter of the animals tested. Comparative analysis of the results of control slaughter of different sex and age groups (young ram lambs and young ewes) showed a significant superiority of rams in all age periods according to the absolute indicators of pre-slaughter body weight, the weight of hot and cold carcass and slaughter weight. Data analysis on the content of flesh and bones in individual cuts shows that the content of meat in a ram leg cut is within 86.2-88.1%, bones - 11.9 13.8%; in striploin - 81.0-84.5% and 15.5-19.0% and shoulder and prepared ribs - 67.5-79.1% and 20.9-32.5%. With the content of meat with increasing the age increases and bones reduces. With age in the coarse-hair Karachay sheep the share of cuts of the most valuable grade I is steadily increasing both rams and ewes that is associated with the build-up of muscles. The yield of the first grade young rams was 10.18-21.55 kg (87.8-90.2%), and of young ewes -8.33-17.30 kg (88.6-90.5%). | Овцы карачаевской породы обладают достаточно хорошей скороспелостью, достигают к отбивке 55–60% массы взрослых животных. Благодаря этой способности ягнята могут использоваться для убоя в молочном возрасте. В исследованиях изучали мясные качества ягнят разного возраста путем проведения контрольного убоя подопытных животных. При сравнительном анализе результатов контрольного убоя разных половозрастных групп (баранчиков и ярок) отмечали значительное превосходство баранчиков во всевозрастные периоды по абсолютным показателям предубойной живой массы, массы парной и остывшей туши и убойной массы. Анализ данных посодержанию мякоти и костей в отдельных отрубах показывает, что у баранчиков в тазобедренном отрубе содержание мякоти находится в пределах 86,2–88,1%; костей, 11,9–13,8%;впоясничном–81,0–84,5% и 15,5–19,0% ивлопаточно-спинном–67,5–79,1%и20,9–32,5%.Содержание мякоти с увеличением возраста повышается, а костей–снижается. С возрастом у карачаевской грубошерстной породы овец доля отрубов наиболее ценного I сорта стабильно увеличивается как убаранчиков, так и у ярочек, что связано с наращиванием мускулатуры. Выход I сорта у баранчиков составил 10,18–21,55 кг (87,8–90,2%), ауярочек–8,33–17,30 кг (88,6–90,5%).

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Kosilov, V.I., Orenburg State Agrarian Univ.

The article presents data showing changes in the physiological functions of Finnish Landrace sheeps imported from Estonia compared to sheeps belonging to the Pamir fine-wool group. It was found that the overall metabolic level in Finnish ewe hoggs increases in the daytime due to high air temperature (average 33–35 deg C), solar radiation and relative humidity (53–48%) compared with the morning (air temperature of 20.1–25.3 deg C). The body temperature in the daytime in young Pamir fine-wool sheeps reaches the upper limit of the norm, and in the Finnish Landrace analogs it is even higher than normal. Respiratory rate is in day by 5 times higher than in the morning. At high external temperature and intense radiation in the bright Pamir fine-wool breed respiration rate increases more than twice, body temperature increases by 1.3 and 1.1 deg C. The overall level of metabolism and oxidation processes in Pamir fine-wool sheeps is higher. The depth of the character and type of respiration in Pamir fine-wool sheeps decreases at a lower frequency and volume of pulmonary ventilation compared to the Finnish Landrace sheeps. Skin temperature in Finnish ewes in the daytime in different parts of the body ranges from 38.1 to 41.8 deg C; the highest temperature is observed in the back and shoulder. Under high solar radiation and high daytime temperatures, the function of sweat production is more pronounced in Pamir fine-wool sheeps in comparison with Finnish Landrace analogues. | Приводятся данные, свидетельствующие об изменении физиологических функций овец породы финский ландрас, завезенных из Эстонии, по сравнению с овцами памирской тонкорунной группы. Установлено, что у финских ярок увеличивается общий уровень обмена в дневные часы при высокой температуре (в среднем 33–35 град. С), солнечной радиации и относительной влажности (53–48%) по сравнению с утренними, когда температура воздуха составляет 20,1–25,3 град. С. В дневное время температура тела у молодняка памирской тонкорунной породы достигает верхней границы нормы, а у аналогов породы финский ландрас превышает ее. Частота дыхания днем в 5 раз выше, чем утром. При высокой внешней температуре и интенсивной радиации у ярок памирской тонкорунной породы частота дыхания увеличивается более чем в 2 раза, температура тела увеличивается на 1,3 и 1,1 град. С. Общий уровень обмена и окислительных процессов у овец памирской тонкорунной породы выше. У овец памирской тонкорунной породы уменьшается глубина характера и типа дыхания при меньшей частоте и объеме легочной вентиляции по сравнению с породой финский ландрас. Температура кожи у финских ярок в дневные часы на различных участках тела колеблется в пределах 38,1–41,8 град. С; при этом самая высокая температура наблюдается в области спины и плеча. У овец памирской тонкорунной породы при солнечной радиации и высокой дневной температуре более выражена функция потоотделения по сравнению с аналогами породы финский ландрас.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Ездакова, И.Ю. | Попова, Е.В. | Григорьев, А.Г. | Ковайкина, В.М.

Иммунная система организма является макроскопической системой и  число составляющих ее компонентов, влияющих на развитие иммунного ответа пока полностью не изучены.  В наших предыдущих исследованиях, для характеристики иммунных процессов пользовались некими постоянными, в которых большое число составляющих иммунной реакции заменяется одной величиной - конституционной  константой (сильные устойчивые корреляции иммунологических показателей). Для изучения механизмов координации структурных компонентов иммунитета в начале каскадных реакций иммунного ответа предлагается использовать корреляционный анализ экспериментальных данных. Новизна исследований заключается в обработке иммунологических показателей способом множественных линейных корреляций, позволяющих определить  корреляционный профиль вакцинации. В  крови и сыворотке овец определяли относительное количество иммунокомпетентных клеток, фагоцитарную активность и уровень IgG. Анализ результатов иммунологических исследований первых суток поствакцинального иммунного ответа выявил значительную разницу в направленности устойчивых корреляций при введении бактериальной и вирусной вакцины. Учитывая коэффициенты корреляции иммунологических показателей, мы построили графическую модель первых суток иммунного ответа.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2019

А. Yatusevich | O. Gorlova

Economic losses from the infection of animals with helminths can be significant and they add up to undersupply, reduced quality, limited use of livestock products after the use of a number of anthelmintics, complications such as associated infections, reduced immunity, reduced nutrient input into the body of animals, and increased waste of young animals. We have developed drugs based on a three-leaf watch with antiparasitic properties. We studied the pharmaco-toxicological properties of drugs from the three-leaf watch and their effect on the physico-chemical indicators of sheep and pig meat, its nutritional and biological value.Pharmacological-toxicological characteristics of the vet drugs developed based on a medicinal plant are Menyanthes trifoliata L. and their impact on the food safety of lamb and pork have been studied. On the basis of the obtained results, it was established that according to the pharmaco-toxicological assessment parameters, the developed drug forms (infusion, decoction, vakhtotsid and meniant) according to the GOST 12.1007-76 classification belong to class IV hazard (low hazardous substances, LD50 above 5000 mg/kg). They do not have local skin irritant and resorptive effects. Applied to the conjunctiva they have a mild irritant effect.The use of drugs from the Menyanthes trifoliata L. leaves does not have negative effect on biological value and safety of lamb and pork, which allows their use without restrictions.The calculation of the economic efficiency of the use of infusion and potions, Vahtocide and Meniant in parasitic diseases confirms the feasibility of using drugs from local raw materials, both for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.

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2019

M. B. Musaev | I. E. Shumakovich | M. S. Khalikov | N. B. Emelyanova | P. P. Kochetkov | N. E. Patyukov | V. E. Abramov

The purpose of the research: studying the excretion period of triclabendazole residual and its metabolites after triclafascid application on productive animals. Materials and methods. Researches were carried out on 12 sheep of Romanov breed at the age of 1 year. The animals selected in the experiment were divided according to the principle of analogues into 4 groups (control and 3 experimental) for 3 animals in every slaughter period. Triclafascid was administered to the sheep of the three experimental groups on a single occasion at a therapeutic dose of 2.0 mg/kg under active ingredient (20 mg/kg of preparation) orally individually in the form of an aqueous solution by means of rubber bottle; control animals did not take a preparation. Initially, the sheep of the control group were slaughtered, and then experimental sheep were slaughtered after the application of triclafascid at 7, 14 and 21 days. Liver, kidneys, muscle tissue, heart, lungs and skin with subcutaneous fat were collected for the research. Triclabendazole content and its metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Analytes determination was performed on Agilent 1260 liquid chromatograph (USA) with a column for reverse phase HPLC Kromasil-100-3.5-C18 and a pre-column Phenomenex C18. Results and discussion. After animals dehelminthization with triclafascid at a therapeutic dose of 2.0 mg/kg, no drug residual and its metabolites were detected in muscles, fat, lungs, spleen, kidneys on the 7th day. Traces remain in all animals in the liver after 14 days. Residual amounts of triclabendazole-sulfoxide and sulfone were not found in the tissues on the 21st day of the experiment. Animals slaughtering for household needs and using of forcibly killed animals’ meat for food can be allowed after 15 days after dehelminthization.

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2019

E. N. Glaz'ev | I. A. Arhipov | A. V. Balyshev | O. S. Dragunkina | V. N. Zubarev

Objective of research: To study the efficacy of Ritril based on Ricobendazole and Triclabendazole used for the treatment of main helminthiases in small cattle. Materials and methods: The efficacy of Ritril was investigated in August-November 2013 against main helminthiases in sheep and goats from private farms «Ushakovka» and «Kozlovka» in Atyashevsky district of the Republic of Mordovia, in experimental farm «Kurilovo» in Podolsk district of Moscow region, and «South of Povolzhye Ltd.» in Bolshechernigovsky district of Samara region. Animal were divided into experimental and control groups. Sheep and goats from experimental groups were intravenously injected with Ritril at a single dose of 0,8; 1,2 and 1,6 ml/10 kg of the animal's mass. Animals of the control groups did not receive the preparation. The anthelmintic efficacy of the preparation was estimated according to the results of examination of animal feces by «control test» before and 10-20 days after the drug application and helminthological autopsy. Berman's method and sequential washing techniques were used for coprological investigations. Helminthological autopsy of liver was conducted in fascioliasis; maw and intestines - strongilatoses of gastrointestinal tract. Results and discussion: Ritril at the dose 0,8 ml/10 kg of the animal's mass showed 98-100% efficacy against monisiasis, dictyocaulosis, nematodiriasis and other strongilatoses of gastrointestinal tract of sheep and goats. Trichocephales, dicrocoelia, fascioles (preimaginal and imaginal stages) were more resistant to the effect of Ritril. It’s recommended, to use a higher dose of preparation against them (1,6 ml/10 kg of the animal's mass). The preparation is well tolerated by sheep and goats and did not cause any local and common side effects.

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2019

E. V. Lagereva | V. E. Abramov | M. B. Musaev | S. S. Khalikov

The purpose of the research is to define efficacy and to carry out titration of therapy dose of supramolecular complex of albendazole extra and triclabendazole in case of fasciolosis and gastro-intestinal nematodosis of sheep.Materials and methods. Testing the effectiveness of supramolecular complex of albendazole extra and triclabendazole based on low-molecular polymer polyvinylpyralidone-17 were carried out in the North Caucasian Federal District of the Chechen Republic from December 15 to December 30, 2018 on 65 sheep of the Tushino breed spontaneously infected by gastro-intestinal nematodes and Fasciola sp. Infected sheep were selected for the study based on the coproovoscopic studies by the Fulleborn’s method with the use of the ammonium nitrate solution. Selected sheep were divided into 5 groups based on matching criteria. 15 sheep of the first group were administered the preparation orally in a form of aqueous solution using a bottle in a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg of active substance (20 mg/kg of the preparation), second group – 4.0 mg/kg (40 mg/kg), third group – 5 mg/kg (50 mg/kg of the preparation). Fourth group of sheep was administered the mixture of triclabendazole and albendazole for the control (1 : 1 proportion), in a dosage of 4.0 mg/kg. Fifth group of five sheep was a clean control group and did not receive any preparations. After the administering of the preparation, clinical condition of the studied sheep was observed for three days. To determine the effectiveness of the preparation against Fasciola sp., after 8–10 days after the administration of the preparation, 5 sheep of each group were slaughtered for the helminthologic dissection of the liver. Also, the feces samples were collected from each animal and they were studied by the Fulleborn's method. Estimation of the efficiency of the drugs was performed by the method of "critical test" and helminthological dissection of the liver after slaughter according to the Guidelines approved by the World Association for the Progress of Veterinary Parasitology (1995).Results and discussion. Supramolecular complex based on albendazole and triclabendazole at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg (40 mg/kg in the preparation) once showed 100% effectiveness according to coproovoscopy and slaughter against mixed infection caused by Fasciola sp. and gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep. This dosage was the lowest during which the high efficiency was shown and it was accepted by us as a therapeutic. The mixture of albendazole and triclabendazole at the same dosage showed less efficiency, 22.0 and 24.5 respectively. Thus, the high efficiency of the supramolecular complex against Fasciola sp. and gastrointestinal nematodes 5 times weaker in the therapeutic dosage was obtained. The advantage of the drug is that albendazole in it does not have an embryotropic effect.

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