الكلمات المفتاحية الخاصة بالمكنز الزراعي (أجروفوك)

2022 | 2023

Saavedra Saavedra, Zoila Janeth | Encina Zelada, Christian René

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Tecnología de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios | El presente trabajo se basó en la información obtenida durante el periodo enero 2016 – diciembre 2018, en una empresa productora de mezclas alimenticias en seco para panadería y pastelería dedicada al sector B2B (business to business - de negocio a negocio); el objetivo principal fue determinar la efectividad de las mejoras implementadas en los programas pre requisitos del Sistema Integrado de Gestión (ISO 9001:2008 e ISO 22000:2005) tales como control de plagas, control sanitario del agua, control sanitario del personal, limpieza y desinfección, manipulación y almacenamiento, producto no conforme, gestión de reclamos; y como esto repercutió en la calidad e inocuidad de los productos y en la reducción de reclamos. La metodología consistió en la recolección de información a través de listas de verificación, registros de control de calidad, informes de análisis microbiológicos y comunicación de clientes. Para determinar el nivel de cumplimiento y las desviaciones, se emplearon ocho indicadores de seguimiento, los cuales fueron clasificados de acuerdo a los criterios de semaforización en función a los rangos establecidos en bueno, regular y malo; en el año 2018, se obtuvo un nivel de cumplimiento bueno en siete indicadores y un indicador con nivel de cumplimiento regular, mientras que en el 2016 se obtuvo un nivel de cumplimiento bueno en cinco indicadores y tres indicadores con nivel de cumplimiento de regular. Para definir la causa de los problemas y establecer las mejoras, se emplearon las herramientas de calidad: Diagrama de Isikawa y Diagrama de Pareto. Luego de implementar las mejoras, se obtuvo un incremento porcentual anual; en el 2018 se obtuvo 98.46 por ciento, que fue 1.58 por ciento más respecto al 2017 y 2.55 por ciento respecto al 2016; el porcentaje obtenido en el 2017 fue de 96.87 por ciento y en el 2016 fue de 95.90 por ciento | This work was based on the information obtained during the period January 2016 - December 2018, in a company that produces dry food mixes for bakery and pastry dedicated to the B2B sector (Business to Business); the main objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the improvements implemented in the prerequisite programs of the integrated management system (ISO 9001: 2008 and ISO 22000: 2005) such as; pest control, sanitary control of water, sanitary control of personnel, cleaning and disinfection, handling and storage, non-conforming product, claims management; and how this had an impact on the quality and safety of the products they make and on the reduction of claims. The methodology consisted of collecting information through checklists, quality control records, microbiological analysis reports from external laboratories and customer communication; To determine the level of compliance and the most recurrent deviations from the prerequisite programs, eight monitoring indicators were used, which were classified according to the traffic light criteria according to the ranges established in, good, fair and bad; in 2018, a compliance level of good was obtained in seven indicators and one indicator with a compliance level of fair while in 2016, a compliance level of good was obtained in five indicators and three indicators with a compliance level of fair. To define the cause of the problems and to establish the improvements, quality tools such as the Isikawa Diagram and the Pareto Diagram were used. After the implementation of improvements, an annual percentage increase was obtained; In 2018, 98.46 percent was obtained, which was 1.58 percent more than in 2017 and 2.55 percent more than in 2016; the percentage obtained in 2017 was 96.87 percent and in 2016 it was 95.90 percent.

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Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - Peru

2022

Meléndez-Soto,Rosa

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta revisión es informar a los profesionales en salud animal, sobre la amiloidosis sistémica AA, un problema potencial de salud pública poco conocido en México, que puede derivarse del consumo de productos animales. Es difícil de diagnosticar, pues los signos clínicos dependen del tipo y localización del amiloide; y su fase terminal corresponde con un cuadro de insuficiencia renal. Consiste en la acumulación de un material proteico extracelular que puede originarse a partir de alrededor de 37 proteínas normales en los humanos y más de 15 en otros mamíferos acuáticos y terrestres, y en aves. Posee una estructura fibrilar característica en disposición β plegada que le confiere gran resistencia a agentes fisicoquímicos, que hace difícil su eliminación de los alimentos. Algunas amiloidosis, como el Alzheimer en humanos y el trastorno de disfunción cognitiva en los perros, son localizadas, pero la amiloidosis AA es sistémica y existe evidencia natural y experimental de que puede transmitirse intra e inter-especie cuando hay ingreso por vía oral, intravenosa o intraperitoneal de material amiloide en un individuo con una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica pre-existente u otros factores de riesgo, como la obesidad, lo que la convierte en un potencial problema de salud pública.

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Scientific Electronic Library Online Mexico - Mexico

2022

Wanwimolruk, C. | Wanwimolruk, S. | Kuaykaimuk, K. | Buddhaprom, J. | Saenserm, P. | Soikham, S.

Pesticides are used extensively in agriculture, raising issues about food safety. Currently, consumers are notably concerned by pesticide contamination when eating fruits and vegetables. Food safety information on certain produce is important to encourage consumers to eat more fruits and vegetables. This study's purpose was to determine whether three commonly consumed Thai fruits  pineapple, banana, and dragon fruit  are safe to eat. The effectiveness of peeling as a method to remove pesticide residues was also investigated. The monitoring of pesticide residues for these three fruits purchased from markets in Thailand was done by determining the pesticide contents of collected fruit samples by GC-MS analysis. The detection rate of pesticide residues was very high at 96% in both the pineapple and dragon fruit samples studied. On the other hand, the detection rate of pesticide residues in the banana samples was more moderate at 26%. The number of samples that were found to have residues that exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL) was also considerably high. In the case of the pineapple and dragon fruit samples, 96 and 70% of them had residues that exceeded the MRL respectively. Only 9% of the banana samples had pesticide residues that exceeded the MRL. These findings indicate that the extent of pesticide contamination in pineapples and dragon fruits is greater than that observed in the banana samples. After the process of peeling, the pesticide residues were significantly reduced in all three fruits. This suggests the pesticide residues reside mostly in the peel of pineapple, banana, and dragon fruit. Therefore, in practice, it is safe to eat pineapple, banana, and dragon fruit in Thailand because these fruits are always served without their peel.

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University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2022

Aquino, E.H.

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2022

Hermoso, R.S.

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2022

Paptsov, A.G. | Sokolova, Zh.E.

The modern agricultural sector in China is developing under sharp environmental contrasts. China is striving for green growth of the national economy and has already achieved notable success in this regard. In particular, this is true for the production and consumption of organic food, the use of the renewables, and the development of circular economy. At the same time, a few key environmental issues, including the agricultural sector, have not been solved yet. By the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) China in 2020 was ranked 120 in the world, behind almost all the world leading economies. The Chinese agricultural sector can be considered as a significant reserve for the implementation of green growth concept. The evidence for this is the multilevel system the Chinese Ecological Agriculture (CEA), which has been operating for more than 30 years, including the production of safe food, green food, and organic food. There are given criteria distinguishing these environmentally driven areas. The analysis of the production and sale of green food, being defined as innovation area both in China and globally has been emphasized mostly. The key indicators of the Chinese green food market are analyzed, including the growth dynamics of the cultivated land area, domestic market size, and export volumes. Special emphasis has been placed to the government control over green food in the aspects of management competencies, standardization, and certification. The problems of the Chinese green food market development are identified generally. | Современный аграрный сектор Китая развивается в условиях резких экологических контрастов. Китай стремится к зеленому росту национальной экономики и в этом отношении уже добился заметных успехов. В частности, это относится к производству и потреблению органических продуктов питания, использованию возобновляемых источников энергии, развитию многооборотной экономики. В то же время ряд ключевых экологических проблем, в том числе, в аграрном секторе до сих пор не решены. В 2020 г. по Индексу экологической эффективности (EPI) Китай находился на 120 месте в мире, уступая практически всем ведущим мировым экономикам. Аграрный сектор Китая можно рассматривать в качестве существенного резерва для реализации концепции зеленого роста. Основанием для этого служит действующая в течение более чем 30 лет многоуровневая система Экологического сельского хозяйства Китая (CEA), включающая производство безопасных продуктов питания, зеленых продуктов питания и органических продуктов питания. Приведены критерии, по которым проводится различие между данными экологически ориентированными направлениями. Основной акцент сделан на анализе производства и реализации зеленых продуктов питания, считающимися в Китае и в мире направлением инновационной деятельности. Проанализированы ключевые показатели развития рынка зеленых продуктов питания в Китае, включающие динамику роста обрабатываемых земель, размеры внутреннего рынка, объемы экспорта. Особое внимание уделяется системе государственного контроля зеленых продуктов питания в аспектах управленческих компетенций, стандартизации и сертификации. В общем виде определены проблемы развития рынка зеленых продуктов в Китае.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Komissarova, O.L. | Paramonova, T.A. | Denisova, O.E. | Kuz'menkova, N.V. | Turykin, L.A.

On the territory of Plavsk radioactive hotspot of the Tula region, formed as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, a study was conducted to assess the radiation safety of corn cultivated, as well as to identify the features of 137Cs accumulation in aboveground and belowground organs of the crop. It has been found that at present the density of contamination of arable soils of the surveyed 137Cs land was 167 ± 5 kBq/m2, exceeding the permissible level of radioactive contamination of soils by 5 times. At the same time, the specific activity of radiocesium in grain is 3.2 ± 1.9 Bq/kg, which is significantly less than the established sanitary and hygienic standards for grain crops. The largest stock of 137Cs is typical for the leaves and stems of corn (55% of the total stock of 137Cs in the plant). The accumulation coefficient of 137Cs in the total biomass of corn is 0.023 ± 0.010, which confirms the discrimination of the root intake of radionuclides into the plant. At the same time, the distribution of 137Cs between shoots and roots is relatively homogeneous (KN 0.023± 0.014 and 0.021± 0.017, respectively). The main pool of dropped 137Cs is currently preserved in the soil, and the migration of radionuclide into plants is insignificant. Consequently, crop production obtained here, both grain and aboveground feed green matter, is safe and can be used without restrictions in terms of the radiation-hygienic factor. | На территории Плавского радиоактивного пятна Тульской области, образовавшегося вследствие аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС в 1986 г., было проведено исследование для оценки радиационной безопасности выращиваемой кукурузы, а также для выявления особенностей аккумуляции 137Cs в надземных и подземных органах культуры. Установлено, что в настоящее время плотность загрязнения пахотных почв обследованного угодья 137Cs составила 167±5 кБк/м2, превышая допустимый уровень радиоактивного загрязнения почв в 5 раз. При этом удельная активность радиоцезия в зерне – 3,2±1,9 Бк/кг, что существенно меньше установленных санитарно-гигиенических норм для зерновых культур. Наибольший запас 137Cs характерен для листьев и стеблей кукурузы (55 % от общего запаса 137Cs в растении). Коэффициент накопления 137Cs в общей биомассе кукурузы 0,023±0,010, что подтверждает дискриминацию корневого поступления радионуклида в растение. При этом распределение 137Cs между побегами и корнями сравнительно однородное (КН 0,023±0,014 и 0,021±0,017 соответственно). Основной пул выпавшего 137Cs в настоящее время сохраняется в почве, а миграция радионуклида в растения несущественная. Следовательно, продукция растениеводства (как зерно, так и надземная биомасса, идущая на корм) безопасна и может использоваться без ограничений по радиационно-гигиеническому фактору.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Naumenko, N.V. | Potoroko, I.Yu. | Dezhkunov, N.V. | Naumenko, E.E.

Изучали действие холодного плазменного излучения (ХПИ) на поверхностную микрофлору зерна пшеницы с целью определения оптимальных режимов обеззараживания растительного сырья, используемого для создания различных пищевых систем. Изменяемыми параметрами режимов обработки ХПИ являлись напряжение, частота воздействия и длительность обработки. Об эффективности обработки судили по изменению величины скора КМАФАнМ, дрожжевых и плесневых грибов, определяемого у контрольных и опытных образов зерна. Полученные результаты подвергали математической обработке с использованием корреляционного и регрессионного анализов. Достоверность полученных результатов оценивали по критерию Фишера. Полученные результаты позволили установить, что наиболее оптимальным и достаточным с точки зрения обеззараживания зернового сырья являются следующие параметры ХПИ: напряжение – 10 кВ, частота воздействия – 50 Гц, длительность обработки – 9 мин., плазмообразующее вещество – воздух при нормальных атмосферных условиях. При определении исходной обсемененности зерна пшеницы плесневыми грибами были идентифицированы Aspergillus glaucus, A. candidus, Fusarium incarnatum, Aureobasidium pullulans и Azoarus communis со значением скора 2,054; 1918; 2,144; 2,082 и 2,026 соответственно. На смывах с зерна, прошедшего обработку ХПИ при оптимальных режимах, обнаружены A. glaucus, A. candidus, F. incarnatum и Penicillium spp. значение скора которых составляло менее 1,7 для каждого вида. Показано, что обработка зерна пшеницы ХПИ при установленных оптимальных параметрах воздействия позволяет достигнуть степени обеззараживания, обеспечивающей биобезопасность пищевого растительного сырья. | The effect of cold plasma radiation (CPR) on the surface microflora of wheat grain was studied in order to determine the optimal modes of disinfection of plant raw materials intended for various food systems creating. The variable parameters of the CPR treatment modes were voltage, frequency of exposure and duration of treatment. The processing efficiency was evaluated by the change in the value of the score of QMAFAnM, yeast and mold fungi, determined in the control and experimental grain samples. The results obtained were mathematically processed using correlation and regression analyses techniques. The reliability of the obtained results was evaluated according to the Fisher criterion. The obtained results allowed establishing that the following parameters of the CPR are the most optimal and sufficient from the point of view of disinfection of grain raw materials: voltage – 10 kV, frequency of exposure – 50 Hz, duration of treatment – 9 min, plasma-forming substance – air under normal atmospheric conditions. When determining the initial contamination of wheat grain with mold fungi, Aspergillus glaucus, A. candidus, Fusarium incarnatum, Aureobasidium pullulans and Azoarus communis were identified with score values of 2.054; 1918; 2.144; 2.082 and 2.026, respectively. A. glaucus, A. candidus, F. incarnatum and Penicillium spp. were found on washes from grain treated with CPR under optimal conditions, the score of which was less than 1.7 for each species. It is shown that the treatment of wheat grain with CPR at the determined optimal exposure parameters allows achieving a degree of disinfection that ensures the biosafety of food plant raw materials.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022 | 2019

Cartín Rojas, Andrés | Pascual Barrera, Alina

Revista Científica ECOCIENCIA, Vol. 6, No. 3, junio 2019 | El propósito de la presente investigación radicó en desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar los sistemas nacionales de inocuidad de alimentos, denominado Evaluación de la Funcionalidad de Sistemas de Inocuidad de Alimentos (ESFIA). La validez de contenido es el grado en que la prueba presenta una muestra adecuada de los contenidos a los que se refiere, fue cuantificada mediante la metodología propuesta por Tristán (2008). La reproducibilidad de esta herramienta midió la fiabilidad mediante la estimación del Índice Alfa de Cronbach. La consistencia interna se calculó mediante la técnica de partición dedos mitades aleatorias de la prueba y el empleo del Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson con ajuste de Spearman-Brown. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que el ESFIA presenta una adecuada estratificación y contenido del instrumento, así como también su aplicabilidad. El ESFIA, habiéndose comprobado su validez, será el constructo base para el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de evaluación de prioridades, denominado Metodología de Análisis para Sistemas Nacionales de Inocuidad Alimentaria (MASNIA). La investigación realizada demuestra que, debido a la similitud en cuanto a estructura en los sistemas de gestión de inocuidad de muchos países latinoamericanos, el ESFIA puede ser aplicable a otros países de la región. | The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate national food safety systems, called the Food Safety Systems Functionality Assessment (ESFIA). Content Validity is the degree to which the test presents an adequate sample of the contents to which it refers, was quantified by the methodology proposed by Tristán-López (2008). The Reproducibility of this tool measured reliability by estimating the Cronbach Alpha Index. Internal consistency was calculated using the splitting technique of two random halves of the test and the use of Pearson's Correlation Coefficient with Spearman-Brown adjustment. The data obtained show that the ESFIA presents an adequate stratification and content of the instrument, as well as its applicability. The ESFIA, having proven its validity, will be the basic construct for the development of a new model for evaluating priorities, called Analysis Methodology for National Systems of Food Safety (MSFS). The research carried out shows that, due to the similarity in terms of structure in the safety management systems of many Latin American countries, the ESFIA may be aplicable to other countries in the región.

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Universidad Técnica Nacional - Costa Rica

2022

Flores-Gallegos, Eduardo | Olvera-González, Ernesto | Escalante-García, Nivia | Alaniz-Lumbreras, Daniel | Ivanov-Tsonchev, Rumen | Lara-Herrera, Alfredo

Abstract Introduction: The recent development of UV LEDs has allowed us to investigate the germicidal effect with different wavelengths in the UV spectrum including type A. Objective: To develop and evaluate a UV-A LED irradiation system at an emission peak of 374 nm, controlled through an automatic routine, and integrated into a semi-industrial mechatronic system designed for fresh products disinfection Methodology: Fresh products (garlic, serrano pepper, and tomato) were used to evaluate the benefits and functionality of the System. The irradiation doses established for the experiment were 7.9, 23.7, 47.4 and 71.1 J·cm-2. The temperature of each product was monitored throughout the treatment. Results: The maximum germicidal effect in garlic, serrano pepper, and tomato was 1.25, 1.05 and 1.24 Log, respectively with a dose of 71.1 J·cm-2. The irradiation emission does not present secondary effects on the weight and color of each fresh product. Obtaining maximum values of 40, 41.9 and 38.3 °C in garlic, serrano pepper, and tomato, respectively in temperature. Study limitations: The high time required for disinfection due to the low efficiency of UV-A LEDs. Originality: The system was designed and developed for the agro-industrial sector considering that it can be inserted as a process within the production line. Ensuring the safety of food is possible to control the doses and irradiation time of each product. Conclusions: These results allow us to use UV-A as an alternative method for the disinfection of fresh produce. | Resumen Introducción: El último avance sobre luz LED UV ha permitido investigar el efecto germicida con diferentes longitudes de onda del espectro UV, entre ellas el tipo A. Objetivo: Desarrollar y evaluar un sistema de irrandiancia LED UV-A con un pico de emisión de 374 nm, controlado mediante una rutina automática, e integrado en un sistema mecatrónico semi-industrial diseñado para la desinfección de productos frescos. Metodología: Se utilizaron productos frescos (ajo, chile serrano y jitomate) para evaluar los beneficios y funcionalidad del sistema. Las dosis de irradiación establecidas para el experimento fueron de 7.9, 23.7, 47.4 y 71.1 J·cm-2. La temperatura de cada producto se monitoreó durante todo el tratamiento. Resultados: El mayor efecto germicida en ajo, chile serrano y jitomate fue de 1.25, 1.05 y 1.24 Log, respectivamente, con una dosis de 71.1 J·cm-2. La irradiación no presenta efectos secundarios en el peso y el color de cada producto fresco. Se obtuvieron valores máximos de temperatura de 40, 41.9 y 38.3 °C en ajo, chile serrano y jitomate, respectivamente. Limitaciones del estudio: Se requiere un tiempo prolongado para la desinfección debido a la escasa eficacia de la luz LED UV-A. Originalidad: El sistema se diseñó y desarrolló para el sector agroindustrial considerando que se puede implementar en la línea de producción. Para garantizar la seguridad de los alimentos, es posible controlar las dosis y el tiempo de irradiación de cada producto. Conclusiones: Es posible utilizar la luz UV-A como método alternativo para la desinfección de productos frescos.

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Scientific Electronic Library Online Mexico - Mexico