AGRIS - 

2012

Wu Zhenkun, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing (China), Institute of Animal Sciences | Li Sijing, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing (China), Graduate School

进行农村信息服务时，由于存在着“信息富有”但“知识贫困”的情况，使得信息服务并不能有效帮助解决诸如农资纠纷、减产绝收等问题。随着知识服务成为农村科技服务发展的新方式，农村知识服务将以其优势解决上述问题。在阐述农村知识服务内涵的基础上，举例说明了农村知识服务与农村信息服务之间的本质区别，并就今后我国农村知识服务的进一步发展提出几点对策建议。 | Rural information service can not really help to solve problems, such as legal disputes about agricultural goods and materials and reduction of crop, when appeared the phenomenon of rich in information but poverty in knowledge. Rural knowledge service can solve abovementioned problems, when it became a new way of rural science and technology service. This paper clarified the differences between the rural knowledge service and rural information service, on the basis of expounding the connotation of rural knowledge service, then put forward several countermeasures and suggestions for rural knowledge service in China in the near future.

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Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences - China

2012

Maneva, S., Agricultural University, Plovdiv

The paper studies the potential opportunities for activating the economic growth of Mirkovo, Chavdar and Chelopech municipalities via putting forward an integrated regional tourism product. Analysis has been made of potentialities and factors influencing tourism development regarding the rural region in question. Whether taken separately or as a whole, the natural, ethnic, cultural and historical resources or the traditions and folk-style of the region alone, cannot convert it into a unique and appealing tourist destination. The latest contemporary standard-meeting demands for easy access to the points of interest, comfort and high quality service at the accommodation establishments, will enhance the tourism product promoted in the region thus making it popular and competitive both on the local and foreign markets.

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Institute of Agricultural Economics - Bulgaria

2012

Podgorbunskikh, P.E. | Golovina, S.G., The T.S. Maltsev Kurgan State Agricultural Academy, Kurgan Region

The article describes the basic components of a methodological approach to the study of sustainable development in rural areas; it takes into account the heuristic potential of modern sociological, economic and environmental concepts stability of functioning complex dynamic objects. Constructed on this approach, the study will determine the harmonious development of the rural economy, territories and communities, to identify options for creating a favorable social environment for the population, to develop a more realistic theoretical foundation for the further implementation of agrarian reform. In this paper the order of a choice of criteria and indicators selection suitable for assessing sustainable development in rural areas in particular institutional, socio-economic and ecological environment is developed. The modern vision of sustainability from the perspective of economics, sociology and ecology is complemented by institutional sustainability. Kurgan region was originally developed as an agrarian region, focused on agricultural production and processing. Despite the positive trends in the development of agricultural production in the region during the reform years production volumes of crop and livestock products have declined significantly. Critical social situation has become in the Trans-Ural countryside during the years of reforms. One of the main ecological problems of rural areas is the poor quality of water coming by rivers from the adjacent territories, which is in the process of economic use even worse, because more than half of the abstracted water is discharged back not enough cleaned. The reasons are the discrepancy applied treatment technologies to modern requirements, the lack of technologies for deep purification drains. The offered algorithm of the monitoring program for sustainable development in rural areas can be used by regional departments and district agriculture offices; and the results - to determine trends and tools of state agricultural policy on regional and local levels. | Изложены основные составляющие методологического подхода к исследованию устойчивого развития сельских территорий, учитывающего эвристический потенциал современных социолого-экономических и экологических концепций стабильности функционирования сложных динамичных объектов. Построенные на таком подходе исследования позволят определить пути гармоничного развития сельской экономики, территорий и сообществ; наметить варианты создания благоприятных для населения социальных условий; разработать более реалистичный теоретический фундамент для осуществления дальнейших аграрной преобразований. Разработан порядок выбора критериев и подбора индикаторов, приемлемых для оценки устойчивого развития сельских территорий в конкретной институциональной, социально-экономической и экологической среде. Современное видение устойчивости с позиции экономики, социологии и экологии дополнено устойчивостью институциональной. Курганская область изначально создавалась как аграрный регион, ориентированный на производство и переработку сельскохозяйственной продукции. Несмотря на положительные тенденции в динамике развития сельскохозяйственного производства в области, за годы реформ объемы производства растениеводческой и животноводческой продукции существенно сократились. За годы реформ в зауральском селе сложилась критическая социальная ситуация. Одной из основных экологических проблем сельских территорий является низкое качество воды, поступающей по рекам из сопредельных территорий, которое в процессе хозяйственного ее использования еще более ухудшается, т. к. более половины объема забранной воды сбрасывается обратно недостаточно очищенной. Причины — несоответствие применяемых технологий очистки современным требованиям, отсутствие технологий глубокой очистки стоков. Предложенный алгоритм программы мониторинга устойчивого развития сельских территорий может использоваться областными департаментами и районными управлениями сельского хозяйства, а результаты — для определения направлений и инструментов государственной аграрной политики на региональном и локальном уровнях.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Grebenshchikov, I.A., Russian State Professional and Pedagogic Univ., Ekaterinburg

The mechanisms of overcoming of the system crisis at the rural areas. Р. 72. The article aims is to develop the strategy of transition of the rural areas to stable development on the basis of making conditions for life and activity of the population due to a program approach and a historical-genetic method. The tasks are to form competitive and ecologically harmonious rural and forest farms; to diversify agricultural production by means of increase of economical activity of the population; comprehensive development of cooperation in manufacturing, supplying, financial and other spheres; development of modern infrastructure (manufacturing and social). The article highlights that the crisis at the rural territories in not overcome. It has three principal features: decline of the demographic situation; rural unemployment; decline of quality of life at the rural areas; decrease of the network of social infrastructure; underdevelopment of small agri-business, low wages at agricultural organizations, etc. The author describes the basic steps of the regional program «The Urals village», the mechanism of its implementation for development of the rural areas of the Middle Urals. Unlike the other special purpose programs, it is based on inter-industrial, inter-agency, integrated and systematic approaches. The implementation of this regional program will results in decreasing the natural loss of rural population (6,3 per mille in 2006 up to 1,5 per mille in 2015). Labour productivity by 2015 will increase in 1,5-1,8 times in comparison with 2006. Wages of people involved in the agrarian sector by 2015 will not be less than 30-31 thousand rubles per month, or will increase on 75% in comparison with the present year. | Механизмы преодоления системного кризиса сельских территорий. С. 72. Цель и задачи исследования – разработать с использованием программно-целевого подхода и историко-генетического метода стратегию перехода сельской местности к устойчивому развитию на основе создания достойных условий для жизни и деятельности населения. Круг задач вбирает в себя: формирование конкурентоспособного и экологически гармоничного сельского и лесного хозяйства; диверсификация сельскохозяйственного производственного путем повышения экономической активности населения; всестороннее развитие кооперации в производственной, снабженческой, финансовой и других сферах; развитие современной инфраструктуры (производственной и социальной). Отмечается, что системный кризис в сельских территориях пока еще не преодолен. Выделены его основные черты – ухудшение демографической ситуации; обезлюдивание сел и деревень; сельская безработица; снижение качества жизни в сельской местности; сокращение сети учреждений социальной инфраструктуры; неразвитость сферы малого агробизнеса; низкая заработная плата в сельскохозяйственных организациях и другое. С помощью разработанной методики выработаны основные меры региональной программы «Уральская деревня», а также механизмы ее реализации, направленные на развитие сельских территорий Среднего Урала. В отличие от других целевых программ, она базируется на межотраслевом, межведомственном, комплексном и системном подходах. В результате реализации данной региональной программы снизится уровень естественной убыли постоянного сельского населения с 6,3 промилле в 2006 году до 1,5 промилле в 2015 году. Производительность труда к 2015 году увеличится в 1,5-1,8 раза по сравнению с 2006 годом. Заработная плата работников аграрной сферы составит к 2015 году не менее 30-31 тыс. руб. в месяц, или увеличится на 75% в сравнении с базовым годом.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Gorokhov, A.A., State Agrarian Univ. of Northern Trans-Ural Regions, Tyumen

Studied was improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises of agribusiness infrastructure (AI) in post-industrial development of rural areas. By AI the financial and logistical support and service is meant. The AI includes organizations and enterprises engaged in transportation of agricultural products and raw materials, agricultural construction, staff training, developing ACS for agricultural production, agribusiness financing, etc. The foundation of AI has a systematic influence on the social environment at rural areas, and can be an important element of agriculture modernization program in Russia. Infrastructure development of agribusiness enterprises improves the social environment in rural areas, as this makes job positions for workers of various professions that, as a rule, require a higher education. As a result, the general atmosphere in rural areas is improved due to increasing of the number of people with a higher education, who is orientated to a higher standard of living; there are expanded options for rural employment, which has a positive impact not only on social conditions, but also on a demographic balance of the territory. Development of agribusiness infrastructure extends opportunities for other types of service activities – support of computer and office equipment, communication lines, financial, accounting and legal services, etc. As a result, a "self-sustainable" environment is provided which will positively influence any innovative initiatives in the agricultural sector, promote, on the one hand, increasing the scientific and technological level of agriculture, and on the other hand, improving the socio-economic conditions in rural areas, making qualitatively new living standards. | Исследовали повышение эффективности функционирования предприятий обеспечивающей инфраструктуры АПК (ОИ) в постиндустриальном развитии сельских территорий. Под ОИ понимают материально-техническое обеспечение и сервисное обслуживание. ОИ включает организации и предприятия, которые занимаются транспортировкой с.-х. продукции и сырья, с.-х. строительством, подготовкой кадров, разработкой АСУ с.-х. производства, финансированием АПК и т.д. Создание ОИ оказывает системное воздействие на социальную среду на селе и может быть важным элементом программы модернизации сельского хозяйства РФ. Развитие предприятий обеспечивающей инфраструктуры АПК способствует улучшению социальной среды и общей атмосферы в сельской местности, поскольку создаются рабочие места для работников различных профессий, как правило, требующие наличия высшего образования. За счет увеличения количества населения с высшим образованием, ориентированного на более высокие стандарты жизни, существенно расширяются варианты трудоустройства сельских жителей, что положительно сказывается на демографическом балансе территорий. Развитие ОИ АПК расширяет возможности для других видов сервисной деятельности – обслуживание вычислительной и оргтехники, линий связи, финансовые, бухгалтерские и юридические услуги и т.д. В результате, создается самоподпитывающаяся среда, которая будет положительно влиять на любые инновационные начинания в аграрной сфере, способствовать, с одной стороны, повышению научно-технического уровня сельского хозяйства, а, с другой, улучшать социально-экономические условия в сельской местности, задавая качественно новые стандарты жизни.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Herbel, D. | FAO, Rome (Italy). Gender, Equity and Rural Employment Div. eng | Crowley, E. | Ourabah Haddad, N. | Lee, M. | International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rome (Italy) eng

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Italy

2012

Buchta, S., Výskumný ústav ekonomiky poľnohospodárstva a potravinárstva, Bratislava

The contribution deals with comparison of rural and urban areas in Slovakia according to the OECD methodology. Pursuant to the mentioned defining it classifies rural and urban regions according to selected social and economic characteristics. It draws attention to the higher educational potential in urban regions compared to country side and to space asymmetry in population dividing according to the reached education level. The high intensity of residential migration concerning population living in smaller rural communities is not sufficiently compensated by natural rise in population. The low employment in rural are as results from the deficient economic infrastructure and low business density in rural areas and partly also from migratory rigidity of rural population. In general terms, an employee working in rural area receives approximately two thirds of the average wage of an employee working in urban area. The contribution also identifies a lag of rural regions in terms of business structures density, but on the other side it calls attention to high potential of the business development in rural regions.

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Institute of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation - Slovakia - Slovakia

2012

Kostadinov, T., University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Institute of Animal Science | Gjorgovska, N., University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Institute of Animal Science | Levkov, V., University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Institute of Animal Science

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of competitive ability of SMEs in rural areas in the Republic of Macedonia. Our research indicates that it is necessary to resolve numerous issues that can enable improvement of the overall competitive capacity of SMEs in rural areas, of which the following are more important: structural changes in the industry, initiation of a new investment cycle, modernization of technical and technological development, quality improvement and standardization at macro and micro level, organization of information systems at macro and micro level, application of marketing at macro and micro level, and other.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia

2012

Ševarlić, M., Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade - Zemun (Serbia) | Raičević, V., University of Business Academy, Novi Sad (Serbia). Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management | Glomazić, R.

On the basis of the systematization of relevant attitudes predominant today with respect to sustainability at the global level, the authors have made a concept of a questionnaire, carried out a survey and paper-presented the results of their research into the attitudes of directors of farmers’ cooperatives regarding the socio-economic, legal and ecological aspects of the sustainability of the cooperatives system as the third sector of the economy and rural areas in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, with a reference to the legal, economic and ecological ambience of business doing performed by cooperatives and other enterprises in the Republic of Serbia – with a special reference to obligations which, when sustainability is concerned, emerge from the need for harmonizing with the European Union’s legislation.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia

2012

Ranđelović, N. | Stefanović, V., Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Niš

In this paper, an attempt was made to emphasize the importance of the phenomenon of rural tourism once again providing the example of the Suva Planina (The Suva Mountain) since rural tourism is increasingly attracting the attention of potential tourists because they see in it the compensation of what they lose in big agglomerations. The Suva Planina has many attributes to develop this type of tourism and thus to enrich the tourist offer of city of Niš and its environment. The aim is to prove that the Suva Planina mountain area may be an important factor in the development of rural tourism. In proving the hypothesis that the initial development of rural tourism should be accelerated as soon as possible, we used inductive-deductive method and the method of comparison and description. Measures are proposed in order to achieve faster development of rural tourism in this region.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia