AGRIS - 

2023

Bechelova, A.

In this work, the subject of research is the study of the elemental composition of walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.). Studies have been carried out to determine the content of micro- and macroelements in walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.), compare with literature data and to study the features of its elemental composition for the possibility of using it in production. There were revealed the no significant differences in the content of micro- and macro elements in plants growing under the same geochemical conditions, the walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.) have a high content of some micro and macro elements. To compare the results of studies of the content of micro- and macroelements, the data of A. Kabata-Pendias, V. F. Samusenko and clark in plants according to acad. A. P. Vinogradova. As a result of the research, a relatively high value of Sr (108 mg/kg of dry matter) was found in the middle zone of the leaves of the walnut-fruit forest Kara-Alma, which is up to 4 times higher than in the upper zone of the walnut-fruit forest of Arslanbob. The content of nickel (Ni) basic in the studied areas varies slightly, the smallest amount was noted — 0.2 mg/kg of dry matter. According to the content of copper (Cu) in the leaves, a low level was noted in the lower zone of the Arslanbob walnut-fruit forest. According to our studies, the content of iron (Fe) in the form of compounds in walnut leaves ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 g/kg (3600 mg/kg). The largest number was found in the area in the middle lane of the Kara-Alma walnut-fruit forest. For the first time, the content of micro- and macroelements was studied by the method of emission spectral analysis and the content of micro- and macroelements in the leaves of walnut (Juglans regia L.) during the growing season under natural conditions. Research data can be used in assessing the quality of walnut fruits, as well as in the preparation of medicinal raw materials.Finally, recommendations are given for studying the seasonal variability of the elemental composition of walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.).

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2023

Vecchiato, Giacomo | Hattermann, Tom | Palladino, Michele | Tedone, Fabio | Heuret, Patrick | Rowe, Nick P | Marcati, Pierangelo | Gran Sasso Science Institute

International audience | Climbing plants exhibit specialized shoots, called "searchers", to cross spaces and alternate between spatially discontinuous supports in their natural habitats. To achieve this task, searcher shoots combine both primary and secondary growth processes of their stems in order to support, orientate and explore their extensional growth into the environment. Currently, there is an increasing interest in developing models to describe plant growth and posture. However, the interactions between the sensing activity (e.g. photo-, gravi-, proprioceptive sensing) and the elastic responses are not yet fully understood. Here, we aim to model the extension and rigidification of searcher shoots. Our model defines variations in the radius (and consequently in mass distribution) along the shoot based on experimental data collected in natural habitats of two climbing species: Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem. and Condylocarpon guianense Desf.. Using this framework, we predicted the sensory aspect of a plant, that is, the plant's response to external stimuli, and the plant's proprioception, that is, the plant's "self-awareness". The results suggest that the inclusion of the secondary growth in a model is fundamental to predict the postural development and selfsupporting growth phase of shoots in climbing plants.

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Institut national de la recherche agronomique - France

2023

Degtyareva, S.I. | Dorofeeva, V.D. | Es'kov, V.A. | Krasnikova, M.O. | Olejnikova, E.M. | Torchik, V.I.

In the Central Chernozem region of the Russian Federation, since 2010, the gap between the phenological development of plants and abiotic environmental factors has been increasing. In order to increase the biodiversity of the flora of megacities, the question of selecting an assortment of plant species that are resistant to a complex of natural and anthropogenic changes at the same time is relevant. One of these species is the blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). The trunk diameter at the height of 1.3 m, the height of the tree, the number of macrostrobiles, the length and color of the needles of specimens (N = 50) growing in the urban plantations of Voronezh were studied. The length of the needles of the studied trees is identical to the length of the needles of trees in the natural range. In 20-30-year-old trees, blue-coniferous forms predominate, there is a fairly strong positive correlation between the diameter of the trunk and the height of the tree (r = 0.65). The beginning of growth and the ending of shoots, the timing of the laying of wintering buds were also recorded. It has been shown that the vegetation period of the studied species is comparable with the phenorhythmics of the nativel (aboriginal) species of European spruce (P. abies (L.) Karst.). The data indicate a sufficiently high adaptability of the blue spruce to the conditions of the Voronezh region. We believe that this species is promising for common usage in various recreational areas of megacities. In the future, it is necessary to find out how the phenorhythmics of the studied species will affect vegetative reproduction under forming the local phenotype. | В Центрально-Черноземном регионе РФ с 2010 года всё более увеличивается разрыв между фенологическим развитием растений и абиотическими факторами среды. Для биоразнообразия флоры мегаполисов актуален вопрос подбора ассортимента из видов растений, устойчивых одновременно к комплексу изменений природного и антропогенного характера. Одним из таких видов является ель колючая (Picea pungens Engelm.). Исследовали диаметр ствола на высоте 1,3 м, высоту дерева, количество макростробил, длину и окраску хвои экземпляров (N = 50), произрастающих в городских насаждениях Воронежа. Длина хвои исследованных деревьев идентична длине хвои деревьев в естественном ареале. У 20-30-летних деревьев преобладают голубохвойные формы, отмечена достаточно сильная положительная корреляция между диаметром ствола и высотой дерева (r = 0,65). Фиксировали также начало роста и окончания побегов, сроки заложения зимующих почек. Показали, что сроки вегетации исследованного вида сопоставимы с феноритмикой местного (аборигенного) вида ели европейской (P. abies (L.) Karst.). Данные свидетельствуют о достаточно высокой приспособленности ели колючей к условиям Воронежской области. Полагаем, что данный вид перспективен для повсеместного использования в различных рекреационных зонах мегаполисов. В будущем необходимо установить, каким образом феноритмика изученного вида скажется на вегетативном воспроизводстве при формировании местного фенотипа.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Kutyrev, A.I. | Filippov, R.A.

A method for improving the accuracy of calcium deficiency diagnosing in strawberry plants is developed. It suggests the use of machine learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), which makes it possible to train a model on a data set for qualitative detection of calcium deficiency signs in the leaves. A dataset of images of healthy leaves and leaves with calcium deficiency signs was collected; the method of artificially increasing the volume of the training sample (image augmentation) was applied, by horizontal and vertical reflection of objects in the images, rotation by a given angle and random addition of "noise". To train CNN, an algorithm for obtaining RGB images using a robotic platform is proposed. A modern model of the YOLOv7 neural network was used as a means of detecting the calcium deficiency signs of the strawberry leaves in the images. The configuration of the YOLOv7 machine learning algorithm for recognizing damaged areas in strawberry leaves caused by calcium deficiency has been determined. To train the YOLOv7 model, the Transfer learning method was used. To assess the quality of the object recognition algorithms, both the metric mAP (mean average precision) equal 0.454, and the metric F1-score (F-measure), 0.53 were used; the average absolute error (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE) of the analyzed model was calculated. The YOLOv7 model recognized the "Calciuemdeficiency" class, with a MAPE index equal to 7.52%. The analysis of the research results showed that timely monitoring of garden strawberry industrial plantation carried out using a wheeled robotic platform with the use of the YOLOv7 CNN for processing the data obtained will allow determining calcium deficiency in the strawberry leaves with high accuracy up to 94.43% at the early stages of pathology development. | Предложен метод повышения точности диагностирования недостатка кальция в растениях земляники садовой. Это применение алгоритмов машинного обучения, таких как сверточные нейронные сети (CNN), которые позволяют обучить модель на наборе данных для качественного обнаружения признаков дефицита кальция на листьях. Собран набор данных (dataset) изображений листьев (здоровых и с признаками недостатка кальция), использован способ искусственного увеличения объема обучающей выборки (image augmentation) путем горизонтального и вертикального отражения объектов на изображениях, поворота на заданный угол и случайного добавления "шума". Для обучения CNN предложен алгоритм получения RGB-изображений с помощью роботизированной платформы. В качестве средства обнаружения признаков дефицита кальция на листьях земляники на изображениях использована современная модель нейронной сети YOLOv7. Определены гиперпараметры алгоритма машинного обучения модели YOLOv7 для распознавания областей поражения листьев земляники садовой, вызванных недостатком кальция. Для обучения модели YOLOv7 использован метод трансферного обучения (Transfer learning). Для оценки качества работы алгоритмов распознавания объектов использованы метрики mAP (mean average precision) и F1-score (F-мера), проведен расчет средней абсолютной ошибки (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE) рассматриваемой модели нейронной сети YOLOv7. Анализ полученных результатов показал, что модель YOLOv7 распознала класс "Calciuemdeficiency" с показателем MAPE, равным 7,52%. Расчетное значение метрики бинарной классификации mAP составило 0,454, метрики F1-score – 0,53. Результаты исследований показали, что своевременный мониторинг состояния земляники садовой на промышленной плантации, проведенный с использованием колесной роботизированной платформы с применением CNN YOLOv7 для обработки полученных данных, позволит на ранних этапах развития патологии с высокой точностью до 94,43% определить дефицит кальция в листьях растений земляники садовой.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

FAN,Yanli | PEI,Yufang | CHEN,Jinghua | ZHA,Xiaotong | WU,Yuxing

Abstract Lycium barbarum L. leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have been proven to show poor stability and solubility in the external and gastrointestinal environment. To improve the stability and water-solubility of Lycium barbarum L. leaves flavonoids (LBLF), sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS) were utilized as the wall materials to prepare the microcapsules of LBLF (M-LBLF) by polyelectrolyte cross-linking method. The spectrum of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed M-LBLF had an absorption peak at 1735 cm-1, which might be the electrostatic interaction between the positive and negative charges of SA and CS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum showed the diffraction peak at 2θ = 51.8° was due to the microencapsulation and transformation of the amorphous structural part into a crystalline state. As demonstrated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the M-LBLF displayed wider and higher endothermic peaks due to the electrostatic interaction between SA and CS. The release of main monomers from M-LBLF in different stages of the in vitro digestion were detected, and it was shown that M-LBLF could resist the digestion in simulated oral fluid (SOF) and gastric fluid (SGF), and enhance the slow-release ability of LBLF in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), indicating that microencapsulation can improve the stability of LBLF and play a slow-release role.

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Scientific Electronic Library Online Brazil - Brazil

2023

Sainam Udpuay

Thai National AGRIS Centre, Kasetsart University - Thailand

2023

Тимофей Михайлович Середин | Мария Ивановна Иванова | Анна Ивановна Кашлева | Сталина Владимировна Жаркова

Дикорастущие луки всегда интересовали человека. Возможность их многоцелевого использования во многом способствовала истреблению некоторых видов лука, другие виды были успешно введены в культуру. Такие виды в настоящее время успешно возделываются на приусадебных участках и в фермерских хозяйствах. Род Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) многообразен, включает в себя более 920 видов луковых культур, различных по морфобиометрическим и хозяйственно-полезным признакам. Представляемый в статье лук душистый (чесночный) встречается в дикой природе и уже как окультуренный вид. Это многолетнее травянистое ратунное растение. Богат витамином А, витамином С, минералами и пищевыми волокнами. Химический состав включает алкалоиды, дубильные вещества, флавоноиды, терпеноиды, кумарины, сапонины и редуцирующий сахар. Для большего и эффективного внедрения лука душистого в культуру нужны адаптированные к условиям производства сорта. Цель исследований – отбор перспективных форм лука душистого по хозяйственно ценным признакам в условиях Московской области. Исследования проводили в 2020-2022 гг. во ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Образцы выращивали через рассаду. Закладку полевого опыта и проведение исследований и наблюдений вели по рекомендациям методических указаний. Содержание сухого вещества, моносахаров, витамина С, нитратов и каротина определяли по общепринятым методикам. В начале исследований в контрольном питомнике было изучено 5 номеров, полученных клоновым методом, выделены 2 номера-клона – № 3 и № 5. Данные номера были переведены в питомник предварительного сортоиспытания. В 2021-2022 г. провели изучение клонов № 3 и № 5 по показателям наиболее интересных потребителю: урожайность, биохимический состав. Выявлено, что в условиях Московской области A. tuberosum отличается зимостойкостью, не повреждается весенними и осенними заморозками, не отмечено повреждения вредителями и болезнями. В питомнике предварительного сортоиспытания клон № 5 превосходил по урожайности клон № 3 на 1,33-1,35 кг/м2 при НСР05 = 1,27 кг/м2 за счет максимального числа монокарпических побегов на растении и длины листа. Содержание сухих веществ в листьях в среднем составляло 12,4%, аскорбиновой кислоты – 133,4 мг%, каротина – 31,7 мг/кг сырой массы, гидроксикоричных кислот – 176,7 × 10-3% и флавоноидов – 294,2 × 10-3% сухой массы. Растение следует делить каждые 3-4 года из-за его быстрого роста. | Wild onions have always interested people. The possibility of their multi-purpose use greatly contributed to the extermination of some onion species; other species were successfully introduced into cultivation. Such species are currently successfully cultivated in household plots and on farms. The genus Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) is a diverse genus which includes more than 920 species of onion crops, different in morphobiometric and economic characters. The garlic chives discussed in this paper is found in the wild and as a cultivated species. This is a perennial herbaceous ratoon crop. It is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, minerals and dietary fibers. The chemical composition includes alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins and reducing sugar. For greater and more effective introduction of garlic chives into cultivation, the varieties adapted to the production conditions are needed. The research goal was to select promising forms of garlic chives based on economic characters under the conditions of the Moscow Region. The research was carried out from 2020 through 2022 in the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Production, a branch of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Crop Production. The accessions were grown through transplant seedlings. The establishment of field experience, research and observations were carried out according to the methodological guidelines. The content of solids, monosaccharides, vitamin C, nitrates and carotene was determined according to generally accepted methods. At the beginning of the research, 5 accessions were obtained cloning and studied in the control nursery; 2 clone accessions No. 3 and No. 5 were selected. These accessions were transferred to the nursery for preliminary variety testing. In 2021 and 2022, the clone accessions No. 3 and No. 5 were studied regarding the indices most interesting to the consumer: yielding capacity and biochemical composition. It was found that under the conditions of the Moscow Region, A. tuberosum is a winter-hardy crop, is not damaged by spring and autumn frosts, and there was no damage from pests or diseases. In the nursery of preliminary variety testing, the clone No. 5 was superior in yield to clone No. 3 by 1.33-1.35 kg m2 at LSD05 = 1.27 kg m2 due to the maximum number of monocarpic shoots on the plant and leaf length. Solids content in the leaves averaged 12.4%, ascorbic acid - 133.4 mg%, carotene - 31.7 mg per kg of wet weight, hydroxycinnamic acids - 176.7 × 10-3% and flavonoids 294.2 × 10-3% of dry weight. The plant should be divided every 3-4 years due to its rapid growth.

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Altai State Agricultural University - Russian Federation

2023

Пупыкина, Кира Александровна | Денисова, Светлана Галимулловна

The genus Potentilla L. is the most extensive species of the Rosaceae family. Potentillas are found in all ecological niches: on open rocky slopes, along river banks, on the edges of forests. At the same time, in addition to the pharmacopoeial species – erect cinquefoil (P.erecta L.) – other species of the genus Potentilla L. are currently of scientific interest, since they also contain a wide range of biologically active compounds, which determines their pharmacological effect. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the chemical composition of the aboveground and underground parts of some representatives of the genus Potentilla L., introduced in the conditions of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of SciencesQualitative reactions made it possible to determine the presence of ascorbic acid and tannins in the studied raw materials. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of oxalic (Rf=0.14), tartaric (Rf=0.36), citric (Rf=0.39), ascorbic (Rf=0.62) and malic acids (Rf=0.80). As a result of a quantitative analysis of the raw materials of four representatives of the genus Potentilla L. (P. erecta, P. alba, P. rupestris, P. chrysantha), it was revealed that the maximum accumulation of ascorbic acid is observed in leaves (0.47–0.64%), organic acids – in flowers (4.32–6.28%), tannins – in roots (14.25–24.78%). Despite the fact that the accumulation rates of some groups of biologically active substances in the pharmacopoeial form (P. erecta) are higher than in the studied taxa, Potentilla P. alba, P. chrysantha, P. rupestris also contain a significant amount of biologically active substances and are of interest for further study. | Род лапчатка (Potentilla L.) – самый обширный род семейства Розоцветные (Rosaceae). Лапчатки встречаются во всех экологических нишах: на открытых каменистых склонах, по берегам рек, на опушках лесов. При этом помимо фармакопейного вида – лапчатки прямостоячей (P. erecta L.) – в настоящее время научный интерес вызывают и другие виды рода Potentilla L., так как тоже содержат широкий спектр биологически активных соединений, что обусловливает их фармакологический эффект. Целью работы являлось сравнительное изучение химического состава надземной и подземной частей некоторых представителей рода Potentilla L., интродуцированных в условиях Южно-Уральского ботанического сада-института УФИЦ РАН. Качественные реакции позволили определить присутствие аскорбиновой кислоты и дубильных веществ в исследуемом сырье. Тонкослойная хроматография установила наличие щавелевой (Rf=0.14), винной (Rf=0.36), лимонной (Rf=0.39), аскорбиновой (Rf=0.62) и яблочной кислот (Rf=0.80). В результате количественного анализа сырья четырех представителей рода Potentilla L. (P. erecta, P. alba, P. rupestris, P. chrysantha) выявлено, что максимальное накопление аскорбиновой кислоты отмечается в листьях (0.47–0.64%), органических кислот – в цветках (4.32–6.28%), дубильных веществ – в корнях (14.25–24.78%). Несмотря на то, что показатели накопления некоторых групп биологических активных веществ в фармокопейном виде (P. erecta) выше, чем у исследованных таксонов, лапчатки P. alba, P. chrysantha, P. rupestris также содержат значительное количество биологически активных веществ и представляют интерес для дальнейшего их изучения.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2023

Choi, S.Y. | Yoo, G.J. | Hur, J.Y. | Choi, I.W.

Morus alba L. and Cudrania tricuspidata leaves have been reported to show anti-oxidative, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity effects. However, no study to date has carried out a comparison of the contents of these leaves and their anti-adipogenesis effects. In this study, 15 compounds (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, and umbelliferone) contained in the extracts of Morus alba L. and Cudrania tricuspidata leaves were analyzed, and their inhibitory effects on adipogenesis were examined using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The results showed that the contents of 10 compounds were higher in Morus alba L. leaves extracts compared to Cudrania tricuspidata with the exceptions being p-coumaric acid, quercitrin, quercetin, kaemperol, and cryptochlorogenic acid. Also, Morus alba L. leaves extract had a higher inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation compared to that of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves extract. These results suggest that Morus alba L. leaves would be useful as an anti-adipogenesis material.

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Korea Agricultural Science Digital Library - Republic of Korea

2023

Abd El-Motaleb, M. | Abd El-Hameid, A.R. | Helmy, W.A. | Ewais, E.A. | Abdel-Hady, M.S.

Origanum syriacum ssp. sinaicum is a medicinal perennial endemic herb grown in the mountain areas in Saint Katherine, Sinai, Egypt. Leaves of this species have a history of use in traditional herbal medicine. The effects of Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) containing auxins alone or in combination with cytokinin to produce calli were investigated. The obtained results showed that MS medium containing 2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone recorded the earliest callusing time and the best callus percentage formation. The combination of 0.25 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) with 2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D resulted in the highest callus percentage and fresh weight. The different levels of growth regulators in the media exhibited the morphological changes in calli. Nodal segments were more effective than leaf explants in terms of callus percentage, callus fresh and dry weight, and callus initiation time. After 45 days of callus culture, the combination of 1 mg L⁻¹ BA with 0.25 mg L⁻¹ α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was successful in promoting organogenesis, resulting in a high frequency of shootlets. The maximum number of rooting shootlets was achieved by supplementing the MS medium with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). This study reports an effective plant regeneration protocol that can be used for the conservation of endemic species.

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Korea Agricultural Science Digital Library - Republic of Korea