AGRIS - 

2021

Ilia A. Aksenov

Background. The quality of medicines plays an important role for the national security of any state. The pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation is steadily developing. Imported medicines occupy a significant share of the domestic pharmacological market.Purpose. It consists in identifying problems and developing recommendations in the field of organizing foreign trade circulation of medicines in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The normative legal basis of the study is the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union, Federal Law dated 03.08.2018 No. 289-FZ (as amended on 24.02.2021) “On customs regulation in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, Federal Law dated 12.04.2010 No. 61-FZ (as amended on 01.01.2021) “On the Circulation of Medicines”, etc.Results. The market for medicines in the Russian Federation is characterized by a high degree of import dependence. In recent years, the Russian Federation has been pursuing an active policy of import substitution, which contributes to a gradual decrease in the share of imported medicines. At the same time, the share of drug imports in the country remains quite high. This requires the regulatory authorities to take effective action to combat illicit pharmaceuticals trafficking.Conclusion. Analysis of the pharmaceutical market in the Russian Federation made it possible to note a high share of imported pharmaceuticals in the Russian Federation – over 60%.

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2021

Dmitry K. Suchkov | Ilya V. Sorgutov | Nadezhda K. Gavrilieva | Alexander V. Grigoriev

The economic aspects of the development of the agro-industrial complex at the present stage play a significant role in shaping the well-being of any country, since the factor of seasonality and the need to allocate subsidies to support most agricultural enterprises often negatively affect the prospects for the development of the industry in question. At the same time, it should be noted that agro-industrial companies spend significant funds on recultivation and restoration of lands damaged by regular application of chemical fertilizers. Also, various biosystems are being destroyed, without which the implementation of various activities in the agro-industrial complex will be impossible: water resources are being depleted, representatives of fauna are dying, the structure of individual ecological networks is being disrupted. For this reason, the application of an ecological approach in the process of forming an economic strategy for the development of agriculture at the present stage becomes necessary, since if the status quo is maintained, the negative situation in agriculture may worsen in the next few years. For this reason, we consider it necessary to implement the main provisions of the Concept of Sustainable Development in the process of planning and implementing various areas of economic and production activities in the agricultural sector, since relying on the postulates declared by the Concept will expand the horizons of the industry’s development, improve the quality and volume of products produced and reduce its negative impact on the environment, thereby preserving the ecological balance in nature.

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2021

Roman A. Yaskevich | Olga L. Moskalenko

Цель. Изучение особенностей показателей суточного мониторирования АД у лиц пожилого возраста с АГ, ранее проживавших в условиях Заполярья.Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняло участие 267 пациентов пришлого населения (европеоидов) обоего пола с АГ, прибывших из Заполярья на постоянное место жительства в Центральную Сибирь. Доля обследуемых лиц пожилого возраста составила 50,9%. Суточное мониторирование АГ проводили с использованием аппарата BPLab МнСДП-2 («Петр Телегин», Россия).Результаты. В ходе анализа полученных данных СМАД установлено, что для лиц, ранее проживавших в условиях Заполярья старших возрастных групп характерны более высокие среднесуточные, дневные и ночные уровни АД, повышение значений параметров индекса времени, наибольшее превышение нормативных величин скоростных показателей утренней динамики АД, а также наибольшие изменения суточного профиля АД за счет недостаточного снижения АД в ночные часы – «non-dipper».Заключение. Среди бывших жителей Заполярья пожилого возраста, больных АГ, отмечаются более высокие значения большинства показателей суточного мониторирования АД и высокая частота суточного профиля «non-dipper», в сравнении с аналогичной группой больных проживающих в г. Красноярске.

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2021

Marina A. Popova | Viktoriya V. Chistova | Alexandra E. Scherbakova

В статье приведены результаты анализа изменений пульса, центрального аортального (цСАД) и периферического артериального давления (САД, ДАД) у 79 педагогов северного университета (31 мужчина, 48 женщин), перенесших в период дистанционной работы лабораторно подтвержденную коронавирусную инфекцию (COVID-19+), и 116 педагогов (55 мужчин, 61 женщина) без анамнеза по коронавирусной инфекции или с отрицательным лабораторным результатом на наличие антител М и G к SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19˗). Проведен сравнительный анализ изучаемых показателей в постковидном периоде с учетом возраста и половых различий. Медиана (Ме) возраста у переболевших COVID-19+ педагогов-мужчин составила 53 года, у женщин – 47 лет, у не переболевших, соответственно, 35 и 38 лет. Среди педагогов-мужчин, перенесших COVID-19, 29,0% составил молодой, 58,1% средний, 12,9% пожилой возраст; среди педагогов-женщин, соответственно, 43,8%, 35,4% и 13,1%. Среди педагогов, перенесших COVID-19, 32,9% имели артериальную гипертензию (АГ). Установлено, что изменение цСАД, САД, ДАД и пульса после COVID-19 зависело от возраста и наличия АГ. Выявлено, что после COVID-19 у педагогов, не имеющих АГ до COVID-19, наблюдается снижение пульса, цСАД и САД; у педагогов с диагностированной до COVID-19 АГ при постковидном синдроме выявлено повышение пульса, цСАД и САД. Статистический анализ проведен с помощью программы «Statistica 13.3»: для выявления различий количественных показателей (Ме [Q25, Q75]) использован критерий Манна-Уитни (U), для выявления различий качественных показателей применен критерий χ2.

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2021

Sergei N. Tereshchenko | Artem A. Perov | Alexander L. Osipov

Цель. Разработка модели сверточной нейронной сети для определения заболеваний маниока по фотографии с мобильного телефона.Методы и материалы исследования. Материалом для исследований послужили размеченные изображения с различными видами заболеваний маниока, опубликованные в открытом доступе платформы Kaggle. Методы исследования: теория проектирования и разработки информационных систем, программирования, методы аугментации и расширения датасетов для задач компьютерного зрения, методы настройки гиперпараметров обучения моделей нейронной сети.Результаты. Маниок съедобный – одна из ключевых культур для сельского хозяйства многих регионов мира. Одной из главных причин плохой урожайности является различного вида заболевания. Для профилактики и раннего предупреждения распространения заболевания растений необходим инструмент в виде модели нейронной сети, позволяющей определить наличия заболевания по фотографии со смартфона. В работе использовались методы глубинного обучения сверточных нейронных сетей, а также концепция «transfer learning». На базе сети ResNet 50 была обучена нейронная сеть, позволяющая с точностью 0,93 по метрике F1-score определять наличие заболевания у растения маниок съедобный по изображению.Заключение. Был подготовлен набор данных изображений маниоки, включающий пять классов, для эффективной классификации нейронной сетью. Четыре класса с признаками определенных заболеваний листьев маниоки и один класс для здоровых растений. Была построена и обучена модель для решения задачи классификации по обнаружению болезни листьев маниоки по изображениям со смартфона.

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2021

Madalina Alexandra Davidescu | Mitica Ciorpac | Bianca Maria Madescu | Ioana Porosnicu | Steofil Creanga

In the last 15 years, about 300 breeds out of 6,000 belonging to different species of animals have been identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as extinct. Among the cattle breeds seriously threatened with extinction are the podolian cattle from different parts of Europe. These belong to a group of very old European breeds, having ancestors in Bos primigenius. By studying molecular markers, can be obtained information on the genetic structure of endangered cattle breeds and through identification of some sections of the genome that influence certain traits, can be assess the conservation value of genetic resources of animal origin. The aim of this paper is to identify the main molecular markers used in the analysis of endangered cattle breeds.

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2021

Oluwakayode Michael Coker | Osamede Henry Osaiyuwu | Pius Agaji Oko | Gbenga Peter Awosan | Oluwatobi Emmanuel Fijabi

Attempts to determine interspecific differences in patterns of protein variation in edible frog species have been relatively few. Therefore, this study determined the genetic variation in populations of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and Xenopus muelleri in two locations [University of Ibadan (UI) and Igbo Oloyin area (IO)] in Ibadan, Nigeria, using five allozyme loci. Eighty (80) edible frogs comprising twenty (20) live samples each of H. occipitalis and X. muelleri species from IO and UI were collected. 1ml of blood was drawn per sample via cardiac venipuncture. Plasma fractions were obtained and subjected to Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis to determine the genetic variations at Haemoglobin (HB), Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Transferrin (TF), Albumin (AL) and Esterase (EST) loci. Test for Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE; ), Heterozygosity [observed (Ho) and expected (He)] and Genetic differentiation (FST) were estimated. Significant deviations from HWE were observed at several loci in all the populations. Ho was higher (than He) for both populations of H. occipitalis but lower for both populations of X. muelleri. FST was 0.0559 and 0.0264 for the populations of H. occipitalis and X. muelleri, respectively. There is an indication of evolutionary forces in operation in the IO populations of H. occipitalis and X. muelleri.

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2021

Henrieta Arpášová | Peter Haščík | Cyril Hrnčár | Marie Hamadová | Martin Fik | Stanislav Murdzik

In this experiment the effects of different housing systems on physical indicators of egg yolk and egg albumen quality of table eggs were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Lohmann Brown Lite were housed in two different housing systems, in enriched cage or on floor housing system. In both systems, the hens were kept under standard bioclimatic conditions. Eggs (n = 1080) were collected from the first phase of the laying cycle, at monthly intervals, at the age of laying hens 30-42 weeks. Egg weight (g), egg specific weight (g.cm-3), egg shape index (%), eggshell weight (g), eggshell percentage (%), and average eggshell thickness (µm) were evaluated.In the indicators of the whole egg quality was statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) the average weight of eggs produced by laying hens kept in enriched cage (66.3 ± 3.6) mean ± SD in comparison with the eggs from laying hens housed on litter (64.3 ± 4.0) mean ± SD. Similarly, in eggshell quality indicators (weight, proportion, average thickness) there were significantly higher differences in favor of the eggs from caged breeding. The values of the average egg shell thickness (µm) in the order of groups (392 ± 24.6; 377 ± 24.3) (mean ± SD). The results obtained show that the eggs from caged breeding achieved better results in more quality indicators compared to the eggs from litter breeding.

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2021

O. Cobanoglu | E. Kul | E. K. Gurcan | S. H. Abaci | S. Cankaya

This research was carried out to determine the effect ofa specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) region in exon 10 of thegrowth hormone receptor (GHR) gene on milk production traits in Jersey andHolstein cows raised in Turkey. Milk samples were recorded as a test daymilk yield (TDMY) and an adjusted based 305 d milk yield (305-DMY). Also,milk component traits were detected. Based on the scope of this study, atotal of 748 dairy cows, including 305 Holsteins raised in the MarmaraRegion and 163 Holstein and 280 Jersey raised in the Black Sea Region, weregenotyped for the GHR gene using the RFLP-PCR technique. Jersey cows carrying the GG genotype (5.24 %) were associated with higher fat content (<span class="inline-formula">P<0.05</span>). Jersey cows with GG and AG also had a higher protein content (3.44 % and3.38 %, respectively) (<span class="inline-formula">P<0.05</span>). Similarly, the proteincontent was the highest in Holstein cows with the GG genotype (3.46 %) (<span class="inline-formula">P<0.01</span>), whereas Holstein cows having AA genotypes displayed higherTDMY (24.64 kg/d) (<span class="inline-formula">P<0.05</span>) and 305-DMY (8472.4 kg) (<span class="inline-formula">P<0.01</span>). The estimated increase in milk protein and fat contents due to the Gallele was 0.07 % and 0.22 % in the Jersey breed, respectively. On the otherhand, allele A was highly related to an increase in protein yield and305-DMY of 0.04 and about 675 kg in the Holstein breed, respectively.The GHR gene should be considered as a potential candidate gene in marker-assistedselection programs to improve the performance of milk and related traits inTurkey dairy cattle populations.

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2021

Diana Sawen | M. Junaidi | Hengky Y. Yepasedanya

Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi botani dan produksi bahan kering hijauan pakan yangterdapat di bawah naungan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT.Medco Papua Hijau Selaras Manokwari selama 2 bulan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptifdengan teknik studi kasus. Analisis kadar air dilakukan di sub Laboratorium Agrostologi Fakultas PeternakanUniversitas Papua. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa spesies yang ditemukan berjumlah 22 spesies, produksi bahan kering hijauan pakan di bawah naungan kelapa sawit pada areal kelapa sawit umur 2 tahun adalah sebesar 0,36 ton/ha, pada umur 3 tahun sebesar 0,44 ton/ha dan pada areal kelapa sawit umur 4 tahun sebesar 0,45 ton/ha. Kandungan bahan kering hijauan pakan berkisar antara 5,85-20,80%, dan kapasitas tampung untuk ketiga umur tanam kelapa sawit masing-masing sebesar 0,12 UT/ha/tahun (2 tahun), 0,15 UT/ha/tahun (3 tahun) dan 0,15 UT/ha/tahun (umur tanam 4 tahun). Komposisi spesies hijauan dan kapasitas tampung areal ini belum ideal.Kata kunci: komposisi botani, naungan kelapa sawit, produksi bahan kering

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