AGRIS - 

2016

Unikiene, I., Aleksandras Stulginskis Univ., Akademija, Kauno reg.

This article analyses the issue of the inadequacy between the results of preliminary measurements performed during the land reform and results of cadastral measurements. The aim of the research is to analyse the change of areas of land parcels of Sakiai district, the mistakes which were made during the measurements and their causes, as well as to make the comparison between preliminary and cadastral measurements. The research methods are as follows: the review and analysis of scientific literature, the analysis of statistical data, the comparative analysis and the method of graphical modelling. The total area of analysed land parcels is 282718 m2. During the research, while comparing the preliminary data and the data of the measurements of land parcels obtained while performing cadastral measurements, it was established that an average increase of areas of land parcels is 0.0223 ha, decrease is 0.0034 ha, the total perimeter of all land parcels decreased by 24.9 m, the total area of arable land in land parcels increased by 0.1390 ha due to the increase of areas of land parcels, new mapped lands: tree and shrub plantations, grasslands, gardens. The average shift of turning points of land parcel boundaries in the locality after the performed cadastral measurements is 2.64 m. What is more, by applying some formulae, the accuracy of calculation of areas of land parcels was determined. It turned out that land parcels, which cover 96% of the area of the analysed land parcels, changed to the maximum permissible error of areas, and 4% exceeded the maximum permissible error. According to the data presented by the National Land Service it was established that 15% of the submitted cadastral files are not accepted. The most common causes are an inadequacy of land parcel boundaries to the documents of the planning of territories or the land holding projects (44%), mistakes in the preparation of files of cadastral data of land parcel, in the completing (23%), in the preparation of the land parcel plan (21%), and while filling in the form of land parcel cadastral data (13%).

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2016

Laimutis, A., Aleksandras Stulginskis Univ., Akademija, Kauno reg.

The land consolidation project of the parts of Vilkaviškis district municipality, Pilviškiai and Klausučiai elderates, Alksnėnai and Sūdava cadastral area is analysed in the article, the main indicators of the project, the meaning of land consolidation, the need to improve the order of the execution and implementation of these activities are described in the article. The survey was carried out to examine the opinion of the participants of the project regarding the advantages of the proceeding and results of the project as well as some of its drawbacks.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2016

Janus, J., University of Agriculture in Krakow

Modern agriculture development possibilities are highly dependent on many factors, including those which are related to the parameters of land spatial structure (including parcels fragmentation and parameters related to their shape). In particular, unfavourable shape of parcels in combination with their small sizes is the most common reason for non-profitability of agricultural production. It is one of the major causes of land abandonment. South Poland is the area of high diversification in terms of the landform, soil quality and spatial structure parameters. It is one of the regions in Europe where the phenomenon of land fragmentation is the most common, significantly affecting the disappearance of its agricultural function. The data which allow a comprehensive study of the differentiation in parcel parameters (which affect the cultivation costs) are included in cadastral datasets, generally stored in CAD files or GIS databases. Appropriate data analysis allows identifying areas with particularly unfavourable conditions for agricultural production. The article presents the results of the analysis carried out in chosen parts of southern Poland (the province of Malopolska). The analysis is aimed to calculate selected indices, related to the shape and size of land plots correlated with the farm income opportunities. The study included over 1800 villages from the region and more than 4 million parcels, for which geometric data were obtained and analysed. The results can be used at many stages of the planning process at the local and regional level considering the limitations of agricultural development caused by spatial parameters of the parcels in the area.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2016

Kamelkhan, G., Kazakh National Agrarian Univ., Almaty

In the article is analysed the role of GIS technologies, their connection to the land geographical space, components and tasks of GIS, their role in observation of the state control over land use and protection of agricultural land, as well as ways to improve the system of state control through the introduction of GIS technologies.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2016

Murasheva, A., State Univ. of Land Use Planning, Moscow

В данной статье рассмотрены принципы формирования информационной системы мониторинга за состоянием недропользования, основные факторы влияния горного производства на окружающую среду, предопределяющие необходимость осуществления мониторинга объектов недропользования и разработки их системы учета. | This article describes the principles of formation of information subsoil monitoring system, the main factors of influence the mining industry on the environment, which predetermine the necessity of monitoring subsurface facilities and the development of their accounting systems.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2015

Shabejkin, A.A. | Gulyukin, A.M. | Parshikova, A.V., The Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Experimental Veterinary, Moscow

Electronic database of cases of animal diseases, realized on the platform of MS Access, was integrated with the project of geographic information system (GIS) on the platform ArcGIS for Desktop to analyze the spatio-temporal regularities of epizootic process of rabies. Analysis of seasonal cycles, area of disease, and the ratio of species of infected animals confirms the wildlife character of the epizootic. The main reservoirs and distributors of rabies in the European part of the Russian Federation are wild canine predators, especially foxes. Among pets dogs, cats and cattle are most intensively involved into epizootic process. Disease cases in domestic animals serve as an indicator of epizootic process in the wildlife. Separate disease tracking in the wild nature and among pets gives a more realistic picture of its spatial spread. Disease cases in foxes are inductors for other species of animals. Incidence of the disease among dogs is fully synchronized with the seasonal rise of cases of epizootic disease among foxes. The incidence of rabies in cattle and cats can be an indicator of rabies in the wildlife only during warm season. Registered differences in the data on the epizootic situation in different regions of the Russian Federation are caused both by objective conditions and by the quality of the organization of rabies monitoring in the wildlife. The monitoring research was done at quite low level in almost all regions of Southern and North Caucasian Federal districts in 2013-2014. Using a separate analysis of disease cases among wild and domestic animals allows forming a more realistic picture of the rabies spread in the wildlife. This method is recommended for use in the antiepizootic measures planning. | Для проведения анализа пространственно-временных закономерностей эпизоотического процесса бешенства электронный кадастр случаев заболевания животных бешенством, реализованный на платформе реляционной базы данных MS Access, был интегрирован с проектом геоинформационной системы (ГИС) на платформе ArcGIS for Desktop. Анализ особенностей проявления циклов сезонности, ареала болезни, долевого соотношения видов, вовлеченных животных подтверждает природный характер эпизоотии. Основным резервуаром и распространителями бешенства на территории Европейской части РФ являются дикие хищники семейства псовых, прежде всего лисицы. Из домашних животных в эпизоотический процесс наиболее интенсивно вовлекаются собаки, кошки и крупный рогатый скот. Cлучаи заболевания домашних животных служат индикатором эпизоотического процесса в дикой природе. Раздельный учет заболеваемости в дикой природе и среди домашних животных дает более реалистичную картину территориального распространения болезни. Заболеваемость лисиц является предопределяющей для остальных видов животных. С циклами сезонного подъема эпизоотии лисиц в наибольшей степени синхронизирована заболеваемость собак. Заболеваемость бешенством крупного рогатого скота и кошек является индикатором природного бешенства только в теплое время года. Регистрируемые различия в данных учета эпизоотической ситуации по субъектам РФ обусловлены как объективными условиями, так и качеством организации мониторинга бешенства в дикой природе. В 2013-2014 гг. в большинстве регионов Южного и Северо-Кавказского федеральных округов мониторинговые исследования проводились на недостаточно высоком уровне. Использование раздельного анализа ситуации по заболеваемости диких и домашних животных позволяет сформировать более реалистичную картину распространенности бешенства в дикой природе. Такой подход рекомендуется использовать при планировании противоэпизоотических мероприятий.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Akimov, B.N. | Akimov, E.B., Russian State Agrarian Univ., Moscow

The rationality of collection of a differential rent for the application of bio-resources in oceanic fishery and fishery in internal waters is proved. The basis for introduction of such payments is the following: tax collecting covers the requirements of fishery on 73…75% from shortcomings of tax system. Theoretically, differential rent, which acts in the form of additional profit as the result of a differential environment of managing in various trade areas, is in the field of oceanic fishery. The accounting of such income is possible on the basis of bonitation. The technique of an economic assessment of the trade area is presented. It uses complex characteristic of the fish-productivity of the trade area and costs of production The profitability indicator has to be determined by a resource form, namely it will reflect not actually consumed, but all used resources taking into account rent character. It is expedient to leave a payment for water resources use at the disposal of the fishery enterprises. The basis for payments definition for fishery in internal reservoirs have to be reservoirs' estimation data . The indicators of production cost and fish cultivation used at calculation of rent payments have to be established at the standard level or be averaged on the groups of reservoirs uniform in technology of raw materials receiving and climatic zones. Special rent subsidies can be established for the enterprises operating reservoirs under the worst conditions, funds from special conservation funds can be allocated. Rent payments for use of fishery reservoirs have to be established and raised from the general user by results of a total economic score of the fund of internal reservoirs assigned to it. Features and living conditions of an absolute rent from fishing sites are defined. The purposes of application of an economic assessment of bio-resources and purpose of cadastral estimates are registered. | Обоснована рациональность взимания дифференциальной ренты за использование биоресурсов в океаническом рыболовстве и рыболовстве во внутренних водах. Основание для введения таких платежей: существующие налоговые сборы вследствие недостатков системы покрывают потребности рыбного хозяйства на 73…75%. Теоретически в океаническом рыболовстве есть дифференциальная рента, которая выступает в виде дополнительной прибыли как результат дифференциальных природных условий хозяйствования в различных промысловых районах. Исчисление такого дохода возможно на основе бонитировки. Представлена методика экономической оценки промыслового района, строящаяся на основе комплексной характеристики рыбопродуктивности промыслового района и затрат на производство. Показатель рентабельности должен определяться по ресурсной форме, отношением эффекта не к фактически потребленным, а ко всем использованным ресурсам с учетом рентного характера. Целесообразно оставлять плату за использование водных ресурсов в распоряжении предприятий рыболовства. В рыболовстве во внутренних водоемах основанием для определения платежей должны служить данные оценки рыбохозяйственных водоемов. Используемые при расчете рентных платежей показатели себестоимости добычи и выращивания рыбы должны устанавливаться на нормативном уровне или усредняться по группам водоемов, однородным по технологии получения сырья и климатическим зонам. Для предприятий, эксплуатирующих водоемы при худших условиях, могут устанавливаться рентные субсидии, направляться средства из фондов охраны природы. Рентные платежи за пользование рыбохозяйственными водоемами должны устанавливаться и взиматься с генерального пользователя по результатам суммарной экономической оценки закрепленного за ним фонда внутренних водоемов. Определены особенности и условия существования абсолютной ренты с рыболовных участков. Прописаны цели применения экономической оценки биоресурсов и назначение кадастровых оценок.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Omashova, G., Kazakh National Agrarian Univ., Almaty

Modern market economy certainly requires a rational distribution of land and strict state control over land use and protection. In cadastre works are the basis of the data and are used very often. All of this activity is a complex and expensive process, so you need to effectively use and sharing of new information systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and identify the importance of the use of modern information systems in the cadastre works. Thus, in a market economy significantly increases the interest of the economic process to the objective and reliable information about the prospects of development of the land market as a whole. In this regard, it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive analysis of all the data that form the State Land Cadastre. Effective development of land cadastre at the present stage it is impossible to imagine without the use of computer technology. The creation of the state automated information system of state land cadastre (hereinafter - AIS SLC), aimed at creating an information infrastructure for the interests of the state, economy and population information about the country, the land (real estate), which protects the rights of land owners and land users, as well as support the functioning of the market land and real estate.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2015

Salata, T., University of Agriculture in Krakow

In Poland significant changes in landscape intensified after the political transformation in late 1980’s. One of the signs of the changes are more transformations of agricultural land into developed land (industry, housing, services). At the same time, abandoned land started overgrowing with trees and brushwood. These are a result of changes in living and housing conditions, technical progress and changes in legislation. Local spatial plan is a planning act that defines the designation of the land in Poland. This act is optional at the level of communes (the lowest level of administrative division). If there is no local spatial plan, the designation for non-agricultural and non-forest purposes is determined by an administrative planning decision usually on the basis of the designations of the adjacent plots. The study shows that the direction of changes in land use is affected mainly by local planning policy, including local spatial plans that are perceived to be an instrument of managing suburbanisation in rural areas. Local spatial plans are legal acts; therefore they are binding for the inhabitants and allow for “controlled” spatial development of the communes. But they may be a threat for agricultural areas as they encourage the expansion of developed areas.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2015

Barsukova, G.N. | Zhukov, V.D. | Radchevskij, N.M., Kuban State Agrarian Univ., Krasnodar

Обоснована необходимость эколого-ландшафтной организации территории с-х предприятий для повышения эффективности использования земель в аграрном производстве и решения проблемы продовольственной безопасности. Исследования проводили в Краснодарском крае. Анализировали показатели посевных площадей с.-х. культур и пашни за 1970-2012 г. С 1970 по 1985 гг. наблюдалась устойчивая тенденция к росту посевов с.-х. культур – на 2,29 тыс. га ежегодно (коэффициент вариации менее 0,8%). За последующие 15 лет посевная площадь сократилась на 303 тыс. га. Самая низкая занятость пашни отмечена в 1998 г. Уровень засевания пашни с.-х. культурами снизился с 98,7% в среднем за период с 1970 по 1989 г. до 91,6% в среднем за период с 2000 по 2012 г. Для количественного анализа влияния факторов производства на результат производственной деятельности с.-х. организаций были построены математические модели производственных функций Кобба-Дугласа. Вклад земельного фактора в формирование объемов с.-х. продукции варьировался от 11 до 24%. Доля труда и капитала колебалась от 36 до 48%. Для планирования производственных затрат на этапе выбора и обоснования агротехнологии использовали экономико-математические модели программирования урожаев как начальный этап точного земледелия. Опыт внедрения системы точного земледелия в одном из хозяйств Кавказского района показал, что затраты при внесении удобрений снижаются на 5%, использовании средств защиты растений – на 10%, расход топлива – на 20%, урожайность с.-х. культур повышается на 5-8 ц/га. Предложена концепция эколого-ландшафтной организации территории в условиях земельной реформы, трансформации земельных отношений. В результате ее реализации в с.-х. производстве будут максимально учитываться особенности природных и антропогенных ландшафтов, оптимально реализуется ресурсный потенциал каждого земельного участка с учетом его агроэкологической оценки, будет решена проблема продовольственной безопасности страны. | Necessity for eco-landscape organization of agricultural enterprises territory to improve land use efficiency in agricultural production and ensure food security is substantiated. Study was conducted in Krasnodar Krai. There were analyzed indicators of crop acreages and arable land for period 1970-2012. From 1970 to 1985 there was observed steady tendency to growing agricultural crops by 2.29 thousand ha annually (variation coefficient is less than 0.8%). For following 15 years acreage reduced by 303 thousand ha. Arable land lowest area was recorded in 1998. The crop sowing level of arable land reduced from 98.7% on average for the period from 1979 till 1989 to 91.6% on average for the period from 2000 till 2012Cobb-Douglas production function mathematical models were built for a quantitative analysis of the influence of the production factors on the result of production activity of agricultural organizations. The contribution of land factor to forming the agricultural outputs varied from 11 to 24%. The share of labor and capital varied from 36 to 48%. For planning production costs at the agricultural technology selection and justification stage economic and mathematical models of yields programming as the initial stage of precision agriculture were used. The experience of introduction of the precision farming in one of the farms of Caucasian area has shown that the costs fro applying fertilizer reduce by 5%, using crop protection agents – by 10%, fuel consumption – by 20%, crop yields increase by 5-8 dt/ha. The concept of eco-landscape organization of the territory in conditions of land reform, transformation of land relation is suggested. As a result of implementing it in agricultural production the peculiarities of natural and anthropogenic landscapes will be maximally taken into account, the resource potential of each land property is optimally realized with reference to its agro-ecological evaluation, the problem of food safety of the country will be solved.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation