AGRIS - 

2023

Alejnikova, G.Yu. | Seget, O.L. | Mitrofanova, E.A.

Due to the active viticulture development and the expansion in the assortment of cultivated varieties, the study of promising genotypes and the impact assessment of the agrotechnical techniques on the performance and quality of finished products is topical. The effect of the load of bushes with shoots on the performance, quality of grapes and wine obtained from the 'Granatovyi' variety cultivated in the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar region (Subzone 2) has been under study in 2020-2022. The field experiment included three variants of loading bushes with shoots 1) 100,000 shoots/ha; 2) 120,000 shoots/ha; 3) 140,000 shoots/ha. It is established that the fruitfulness coefficients decrease with an increase in the load of bushes with shoots, and an increase in the number of inflorescences occurs due to an increase in the number of shoots. The performance of 'Granatovyi' grape ranged from 4.7 to 5.0 kg per a bush. It is noted that with an increase in the load of bushes with shoots, the range of fluctuations in the mass concentration of sugars increases from 2.2 g/100 cm3 to 3.5 g/100 cm3. The samples of dry wines in bulk (wine materials) with a load of 120,000 shoots per hectare had the greatest stability of the tasting assessment over the years, the fluctuation interval was no more than 0.2 points. For the 'Granatovyi' grape cultivated in the conditions of the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar region (Subzone 2), a load of 120,000 shoots per hectare (36 shoots per bush with a planting scheme of 3.0x1.0 m) is recommended to ensure the receipt of 4.8 kg of high-quality grapes from the bush and the production of wine materials with a tasting score of 8.2 points. | В связи с активным развитием виноградарства и расширением сортимента возделываемых сортов актуально изучение перспективных генотипов и оценка влияния проводимых агротехнических приемов на продуктивность и качество готовой продукции. В 2020-2022 гг. изучали влияние нагрузки кустов побегами на продуктивность, качество винограда и вина из сорта Гранатовый, произрастающего в условиях Черноморской зоны Краснодарского края (Ч2). Исследования проводились годах. Полевой эксперимент включал три опытных варианта нагрузки кустов побегами: 1) 100 000 поб./га; 2) 120 000 поб./га; 3) 140 000 поб./га. Установлено, что коэффициенты плодоношения и плодоносности снижаются при повышении нагрузки кустов побегами, а увеличение количества соцветий происходит за счет роста числа побегов. Продуктивность винограда сорта Гранатовый находилась в диапазоне от 4,7 до 5,0 кг с куста. Отмечено, что при повышении нагрузки кустов побегами происходит расширение интервала колебания показателя "массовая концентрация сахаров" с 2,2 г/100 см3 до 3,5 г/100 см3. Наибольшей стабильностью дегустационной оценки по годам обладали образцы сухих вин наливом (виноматериалов) при нагрузке 120 000 побегов на гектар – интервал колебания составлял не более 0,2 балла. Для сорта винограда Гранатовый в условиях Черноморской зоны Краснодарского края (Ч2) рекомендована нагрузка 120 000 побегов на гектар (36 побегов на куст при схеме посадки 3,0х1,0 м) для обеспечения получения с куста 4,8 кг винограда высокого качества и производства виноматериалов с дегустационной оценкой 8,2 балла.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Muradova, L.

Azerbaijan, due to the favorable combination of soil and climatic conditions, is the most important region in the world for the development of commercial horticulture. Horticulture is characterized by product innovation, which is characterized by the introduction into production of valuable varieties of fruit and berry crops, new technologies for their cultivation, storage and processing. When cultivating fruit plants, it is necessary to pay attention to the important role of the biological characteristics of varieties, including the annual growth of trees. As you know, annual growth is a shoot, that is, an annual stem with leaves or buds located on it, which has grown during the last growing season. The research results showed that the annual growth, leaf area and foliage index of quince bushes differ significantly depending on the variety. The total number of shoots on a bush between the studied varieties varies from 50 to 104 pieces. By varieties, this indicator is: Shakeri quince — 50 pcs., Velechin — 75 pcs., Sary quince, Penser and Bardak quince — 84 pcs., Garaman quince — 104 pcs. The average length of one shoot between the studied varieties fluctuates 5.0-9.6 cm. Based on the above, the annual growth by varieties ranges from 0.480-0.655 m.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2023

Petrov, V.S. | Marmorshtejn, A.A. | Fisyura, A.V.

The table grape 'Podarok Nesvetaya' has a high production responsiveness to the optimization of the structural elements of the bush. The research purpose is to study the effect of the differentiated load of bushes with shoots and bunches on the agrobiological properties of grapes, to substantiate the variety-oriented technology for the 'Podarok Nesvetaya' grape variety. The research was carried out in the Central Agroecological viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region in covered culture with drip irrigation. Planting scheme is 3.5x3.5 m. The soils are low-humused, leached thick chernozems. The climate is moderate continental. The average annual air temperature for 1991-2020 is +12.7 deg C, the minimum drops to -27.7 deg C, the maximum rises to +40.7 deg C. The sum of active air temperatures above +10 deg C on average for 30 years is 3945 deg C. The total precipitation is 729 mm. A change in the bunch weight and the grape yield is observed under the changes of bush load with shoots and bunches changes in these conditions. The largest bunch weight, 548 g, is formed with a load of 57 shoots and 43 bunches per bush, the highest yield capacity, 25.88 t/ha, with a load of 45 shoots and 70 bunches per bush. The correlation between the bunch weight and the number of shoots is direct and average, r = 0.51, and the inverse and strong dependence on the number of bunches, r = -0.71. The dependence of grape yield capacity on the number of shoots is direct and moderate, r = 0.32, on the number of bunches – direct and strong, r = 0.90. To obtain stable and high yields of grapes of Podarok Nesvetaya variety on the rootstock of Berlandieri x Riparia SO4 in the Central agroecological zone of irrigated viticulture of the Krasnodar region, the norm of loading of bushes with 45 shoots and 70 bunches per bush is recommended. For obtaining large bunches, the norm of loading with shoots of 57 pcs./bush and bunches of 43 pcs./bush is reasonable. | Столовый сорт винограда Подарок Несветая обладает высокой продукционной отзывчивостью на оптимизацию структурных элементов куста. Цель исследований – изучить влияние дифференцированной нагрузки кустов побегами и гроздями на агробиологические свойства винограда, обосновать сорт-ориентированную технологию для сорта винограда Подарок Несветая. Исследования выполнены в Центральной агроэкологической зоне виноградарства Краснодарского края в укрывной культуре с капельным орошением. Схема посадки кустов винограда 3,5х3,5 м. Почвы малогумусные, выщелоченные мощные черноземы. Климат умеренно-континентальный. Среднегодовая температура воздуха за 1991-2020 гг. составляет +12,7 град. С, минимальная опускается до минус 27,7 град. С, максимальная поднимается до плюс 40,7 град. С. Сумма активных температур воздуха выше +10 град. С в среднем за 30 лет составляет 3945 град. С. Годовая сумма осадков 729 мм. При изменении нагрузки кустов побегами и гроздями в этих условиях наблюдается изменение массы грозди и урожая винограда. Наибольшая масса грозди, 548 г, формируется при нагрузке 57 побегов и 43 грозди на куст, наибольшая урожайность, 25,88 т/га, при нагрузке 45 побегов и 70 гроздей на куст. Корреляционная зависимость массы грозди от количества побегов прямая и средняя, r = 0,51, от количества гроздей – обратная и сильная, r = -0,71. Зависимость урожайности винограда от количества побегов прямая и умеренная, r = 0,32, от количества гроздей – прямая и сильная, r = 0,90. Для получения устойчивых и высоких урожаев винограда Подарок Несветая на подвое Берландиери х Рипариа SО4 в Центральной агроэкологической зоне орошаемого виноградарства Краснодарского края рекомендуется норма нагрузки кустов побегами 45, гроздями 70 шт./куст, для крупных гроздей – норма нагрузки побегами 57, гроздями 43 шт./куст.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Zamanova, A. 1

Lateral shoots of the Agave plant ( Agave sisalana Perrine) were planted in the experimental site selected at the old oil fields in the village of Kala. Control shoots for comparative analysis were simultaneously planted in the ecologically clean territory of the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS. The choice of the Agave plant in the old oil fields of the Apsheron Peninsula is due to the following considerations: the plant feels comfortable in desert, arid areas; agaves as a plant can differ significantly from each other, but almost all species have a powerful root system and the ability to get moisture from almost any source (rain, dew, condensate); agave is a very tenacious plant and, unlike most ornamental species, is well adapted to stress; Agave does not require special care, it develops well without constant monitoring; -good lighting is one of the most important factors for growth. Agave grows best under bright direct rays; agave does not need abundant watering; the plant does not really need to be fed; it develops perfectly on its own; agave is considered a resistant plant to diseases and pests. Of the diseases, the most terrible is the fungus, which occurs when improper watering; 5 months after planting, a comparative analysis was carried out for growth and development between the shoots of the Agave plant in the control and experimental variant. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the average maximum growth of planted shoots on the experimental site was 72% of the average maximum growth in the control variant. And the green mass in the experimental variant (the mass gained in the process of vegetative development) was 64% of the green mass in the control variant. Noticeable inhibition in the growth and development of shoots of the Agave plant ( Agave sisalana ) planted in old oil fields.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2022

Komissarova, O.L. | Paramonova, T.A. | Denisova, O.E. | Kuz'menkova, N.V. | Turykin, L.A.

On the territory of Plavsk radioactive hotspot of the Tula region, formed as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, a study was conducted to assess the radiation safety of corn cultivated, as well as to identify the features of 137Cs accumulation in aboveground and belowground organs of the crop. It has been found that at present the density of contamination of arable soils of the surveyed 137Cs land was 167 ± 5 kBq/m2, exceeding the permissible level of radioactive contamination of soils by 5 times. At the same time, the specific activity of radiocesium in grain is 3.2 ± 1.9 Bq/kg, which is significantly less than the established sanitary and hygienic standards for grain crops. The largest stock of 137Cs is typical for the leaves and stems of corn (55% of the total stock of 137Cs in the plant). The accumulation coefficient of 137Cs in the total biomass of corn is 0.023 ± 0.010, which confirms the discrimination of the root intake of radionuclides into the plant. At the same time, the distribution of 137Cs between shoots and roots is relatively homogeneous (KN 0.023± 0.014 and 0.021± 0.017, respectively). The main pool of dropped 137Cs is currently preserved in the soil, and the migration of radionuclide into plants is insignificant. Consequently, crop production obtained here, both grain and aboveground feed green matter, is safe and can be used without restrictions in terms of the radiation-hygienic factor. | На территории Плавского радиоактивного пятна Тульской области, образовавшегося вследствие аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС в 1986 г., было проведено исследование для оценки радиационной безопасности выращиваемой кукурузы, а также для выявления особенностей аккумуляции 137Cs в надземных и подземных органах культуры. Установлено, что в настоящее время плотность загрязнения пахотных почв обследованного угодья 137Cs составила 167±5 кБк/м2, превышая допустимый уровень радиоактивного загрязнения почв в 5 раз. При этом удельная активность радиоцезия в зерне – 3,2±1,9 Бк/кг, что существенно меньше установленных санитарно-гигиенических норм для зерновых культур. Наибольший запас 137Cs характерен для листьев и стеблей кукурузы (55 % от общего запаса 137Cs в растении). Коэффициент накопления 137Cs в общей биомассе кукурузы 0,023±0,010, что подтверждает дискриминацию корневого поступления радионуклида в растение. При этом распределение 137Cs между побегами и корнями сравнительно однородное (КН 0,023±0,014 и 0,021±0,017 соответственно). Основной пул выпавшего 137Cs в настоящее время сохраняется в почве, а миграция радионуклида в растения несущественная. Следовательно, продукция растениеводства (как зерно, так и надземная биомасса, идущая на корм) безопасна и может использоваться без ограничений по радиационно-гигиеническому фактору.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Mayborodin S.V.

In recent years, new grape varieties of foreign selection have come to the grape plantations of the Russian Federation, amongthem the technical variety Kristall of the Hungarian selection and the table variety Avgustin of the Bulgarian selection.It is known that the grape variety maximizes its potential with the correct selection and application of certain agrotechnicaltechniques that should take into account its biological characteristics. Achieving the highest economic efficiency in cultivationis possible only with the use of industrial technologies for the cultivation of industrial-type grapes. The most significantagricultural practices used in vineyards include: methods of management, training and pruning of grape vines.The purpose of this research was to study the nature of the growth and fruiting of the Kristall grape variety located in theLower Don region, as well as the Avgustin variety located in the Anapa district of Krasnodar Krai, depending on the applicationof various options for vine training and methods of their management.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2022

Bogolyubova, E.V.

Проведены исследования по влиянию приемов возделывания на урожайность зеленой массы и структуру травостоя многолетнего кормового растения клевера паннонского Премьер в лесостепи Западной Сибири. Для исследования заложен трехфакторный опыт. Изучено влияние сроков посева весеннего под покров овса (II декада мая) и летнего беспокровного (II декада июля), способов посева – рядового (15 см) и широкорядного (60 см) и двух норм высева – 1 и 2 млн всхожих семян на 1 га. Показано, что на второй год жизни у клевера еще не формируется хозяйственно значимый уровень урожайности надземной массы вследствие биологических особенностей. В то же время именно в этот год прослеживается влияние разных приемов возделывания. Лучший результат получен при посеве весной рядовым способом – 35 ц сухой массы/га. При переходе растений во взрослое генеративное состояние, начиная с третьего года, отмечено возрастание урожайности на всех вариантах опыта до 80–100 ц/га за счет увеличения высоты и густоты стояния наиболее продуктивных генеративных побегов. Интенсивность побегообразования различалась по вариантам. Самая высокая отмечена на низкопродуктивных с наименьшим числом генеративных побегов второго года летних широкорядных посевах. Отмечена способность клевера паннонского к саморегуляции густоты стояния побегов в зависимости от площади питания. В результате к четвертому году жизни нивелировались различия по урожайности травостоя между весенним и летним сроками посева, низкой и высокой (1 и 2 млн шт./га) нормами высева, рядовым и широкорядным способами посева. | Studies have been carried out on the inﬂuence of cultivation methods on the green forage yield and the herbage structure of perennial fodder plant, namely 'Premier' Hungarian clover, cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. A three-factor experience was laid out for the study. The effect of the timing of sowing spring oats under a cover (II ten-day period of May) and summer coverless oats (II ten-day period of July), sowing methods - row (15 cm) and wide-row (60 cm) and two rates of seeding - 1 and 2 million germinated seeds per 1 ha was studied. It is shown that in the second year of life, clover does not yet form an economically signifcant level of yield of aboveground mass due to biological features. At the same time, this is the year when the inﬂuence of different cultivation methods can be traced. The best result was obtained when sowing in the spring in a row - 35 cwt/ ha of dry weight. In the transition of plants to the adult generative state, starting from the third year, an increase in the yield in all variants of the experiment to 80-100 c/ha due to the increase in height and density of the most productive generative shoots was recorded. The intensity of shoot formation differed by variants. The highest was noted on low-productive with the lowest number of generative shoots of the second year - summer wide-row crops. The ability of Hungarian clover to self-regulate the density of shoots depending on the feeding area was noted. As a result, by the fourth year of life, differences in herbage yield between spring and summer sowing dates, low and high (1 and 2 million pcs/ha) seeding rates, row and wide-row sowing methods were leveled.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Denisov, A.A. | Motorin, A.S., State Agrarian Univ. of Northern Trans-Ural Regions, Tyumen

Set forth are the results of the researches (2016–2018) on the features of growth and development of perennial herbs in a forest-tundra zone of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area were given. It was established that the creation of fertile layer by means of peat and dolomite flour against introduction (NPK)90 had provided active development of perennial herbs and the formation of strong sod on sandy soil. The peat of transitional type 4.0–5.5 with pHsol was used. The norm of seeds seeding of red fescue made up 60 kg/ha, the dose of mineral fertilizers was N90P90K90. The area of allotments in the variants with peat consisted of 62 m2, with dolomite flour – 12 m2. The number of productive shoots of perennial herbs in 4 years after crops at introduction of 0.5–1.0 thousand m3/ha of peat exceeded twice their size on the control, 1.5 thousand m3/ha – 3 times. Lime application against 0.5 thousand m3/hectare of peat increased the number of the shoots by 6.1–11.0%; 1 thousand – 24.1–41.7; 1.5 thousand – by 19.5–37.8%. Peat introduction (0.5–1.0 thousand m3/ha) and dolomite flour (6–8 t/ha) increased the mass of roots in the layer of 0–10 cm by 0.52–0.78 and 0.70–0.96 t/ha, respectively. For the layer of 0–30 cm these sizes made 1.15–1.60 and 1.42–1.92 t/ha. The maximum increase of herbs dry biomass (0.89–1.24 t/ha) was received at peat introduction of 0.5–1 thousand m3/ha. Dolomite flour had positive impact on growth and development of perennial herbs, especially with the norm of 2 t/ha. The additional collecting of dry biomass of herbs made up from 0.4 to 0.65 t/ha, according to the norm of peat. It was established that mineral fertilizers had been a major factor of the formation of full-fledged herbage. High productivity of dry biomass of herbs (3.86–4.36 t/ha) was received at introduction of N135P135K135. | Изложены результаты исследований (2016–2018 гг.) по особенностям роста и развития многолетних трав в лесотундровой зоне Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Установлено, что создание плодородного слоя с помощью торфа и доломитовой муки на фоне внесения (NPK)90 обеспечило активное развитие многолетних трав и формирование прочной дернины на песчаном грунте. Использован торф переходного типа с pHсол. 4,0–5,5. Норма высева семян овсяницы красной составила 60 кг/га, доза минеральных удобрений – N90P90K90. Площадь делянок в вариантах с торфом 62 м2, с доломитовой мукой – 12 м2. Количество продуктивных побегов многолетних трав через 4 года после посева при внесении 0,5–1,0 тыс. м3/га торфа превышало в 2 раза их величину на контроле, 1,5 тыс. м3/га – в 3 раза. Известкование на фоне 0,5 тыс. м2/га торфа увеличивает количество побегов на 6,1–11,0%; 1 тыс. – 24,1–41,7; 1,5 тыс. – на 19,5–37,8%. Внесение торфа (0,5–1,0 тыс. м3/га) и доломитовой муки (6–8 т/га) увеличивает массу корней в слое 0–10 см соответственно на 0,52–0,78 и 0,70–0,96 т/га. Для слоя 0–30 см эти величины составляют 1,15–1,60 и 1,42–1,92 т/га. Максимальная прибавка сухой биомассы трав (0,89–1,24 т/га) получена при внесении 0,5–1,0 тыс. м3/га торфа. Доломитовая мука оказывает положительное влияние на рост и развитие многолетних трав, особенно с нормой 2 т/га. Дополнительный сбор сухой биомассы трав составляет, в зависимости от нормы торфа, от 0,4 до 0,65 т/га. Установлено, что минеральные удобрения являются основным фактором формирования полноценного травостоя. Высокая урожайность сухой биомассы трав (3,86–4,36 т/га) получена при внесении N135P135K135.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Bayramov, L.

The article examines the areas of spread of quince types found in the territory of the Nakhchivan, their names and synonyms and which sortotype they belong to. For the first time, 11 types of quinces were found in the territory of Nakhchivan, and agro-biological traits were studied by conducting phenological observations on them. The development of annual shoots and fruits of each type was monitored separately, promising types were selected, and grafted material was taken from them, grafted in the area where they are spread and in the field of practice of our Institute. The pomological traits of each of the newly discovered types were studied separately. Here, the weight, color of fruits, stalk length, color and taste of the pulp, the location of the germ cell and the number of seeds in each cell were studied. The tasting prices of the fruits of each of the found types were determined separately. According to the tasting price, Badamli Factory 1, Andamich-2, Sabir village 2 and Milakh-1 types were preferred. Also, the productivity of these types was compared with standard varieties. Here the weight of the fruits of each type and the harvest of each tree were clearly given.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2021

Mammadov, T. | Syiidli, A.

The research analyzed the growth dynamics of annual shoots of some species of Lonicera L. in Absheron conditions. According to the seasonal dynamics of growth and development of species, Lonicera species are divided into 2 groups: straight and ivy species. The model species include deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen species, but these features of their life forms do not affect the growth process. Studies have shown that in the genus Lonicera L., regular growth was observed during the growing season, while in the straight species the growth was completed in July. The observed increase in hydrothermal stress had a positive effect on the growth and branching of the shoots, and an increase was observed. This growth parameter is dominated by ivy Lonicera L. (L. caprifolium and L. etrusca). Intensive growth was observed in Absheron in May-June and September.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation