AGRIS - 

2018

G. A. Tekhanovich

Presented here is the information about the life and scientific activities of K.I. Pangalo, a scientist famous for his research on cucurbitaceous crops, a friend and companion of N.I. Vavilov.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

Ya. Kapeliukh

The analysis of bat investigations in Medobory Natural Reserve since the time of its creation (1990–2016) was carried out. The bat fauna of the Reserve was first studied in 1997 by a Ukrainian-Polish expedition (State Museum of Natural History, Ukraine and Jagiellonian University, Poland), and later by V. Tyshchenko (1999–2002), O. Kusnezh (2011–2012), and scientists of the Reserve. As a result, 19 species of bats were found within protected areas of the Reserve, such as Rhinolophus hipposideros, Plecotus auritus, P. austriacus, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis myotis, M. dasycneme, M. bechsteinii, M. daubentonii, M. mystacinus, M. brandtii, M. alcathoe, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. nathusii, P. kuhlii, P. pygmaeus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula, Eptesicus serotinus, and Vespertilio murinus. They represent 73 % of the species composition of the East European bat fauna indicating the great importance of the Reserve in its conservation.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

O. R. Davletbaeva | M. G. Ibragimbekov | A. N. Khovrin

In commodity farms, the technology of growing onions is sown by sowing seeds from a one-year crop. This, in turn, introduces new requirements for growing technology, technical means and, most importantly, for varieties and hybrids of onions. The average yield of onion in Russia is at a low level - 20-30 tons / ha. New varieties and hybrids must have precocity, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests, good crabness. The success of selection work, as is known, is largely determined by the source material. The priority is to create heterotic hybrids of onion, showing increased viability, high stable yield and leveling, general resistance to pathogens, increasing the content of vitamins, proteins, dry substances, increasing cold resistance, drought resistance, and keeping quality. In the department of selection and seed production of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI FSVC is breeding onions for growing in the annual culture of the Central strip of Russia. The study was conducted in 2017 with the setting of experiments in the open field. In the collection nursery 24 samples of onions of different geographical origin were investigated: Russia, the Netherlands, Italy and the USA. During the study, phenological, biometric measurements and a morphological description of the samples were carried out. As a result of the study of a set of economically valuable traits, the following samples of onion were identified and involved in the work: Ermak, Stuttgarter Riesen, Sturon, Forward, Crx 2381 F1, Santero F1, Sandra F1, Lamyca F1, Bennito F1, Premium F1.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

Starovojtov, V.I. | Starovojtova, O.A., The A.G. Lorkh All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Potato Production, Moscow Region

The authors have studied a wide range of issues, including breeding, seed production, zonal features, and the areas suitable for cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, depending on the purpose, disease and pest control measures, and the technology of cultivation, storage, and processing. As a result of the performed research, the authors have proposed a classification of Jerusalem artichoke varieties divided into two main groups: early (150-170 days) and late (190 days and longer) ones. There have been offered main goals of the industrial use of Jerusalem artichoke cultivated in a mechanized way. To achieve these goals, the authors have developed a methodological framework for researching Jerusalem artichoke in accordance with the requirements of the field experience methodology, the Programme and methodology for the assessment of Jerusalem artichoke varieties in testing nurseries in the framework of the Federal State Programme "Innovative growing of potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke" in 2014-2016 and "Research methods of potato crops" as a most similar crop in the cultivation technology. The methodological framework includes the selection of test sites with account of Jerusalem artichoke's specific features; monitoring of agrometeorological conditions of experiments; selection of Jerusalem artichoke varieties used as research objects, the conditions and methods for conducting field and laboratory research (phenological observations; the evaluation of biometric indicators; the evaluation of damages from fungal, viral and bacterial diseases and pests; crop testing; the evaluation of yield and quality of tubers and green forage; the determination of table quality of tubers (both raw and boiled ones) and processing material (chips, fries); analyzing of the quality of stored tubers; and the determination of economic and bioenergetic efficiency of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation). There have not been revealed any reliable data on the characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke varieties so far. Therefore, the main provisions of the methodological base for research on Jerusalem artichoke developed here will facilitate a preliminary assessment of Jerusalem artichoke varieties. This will enable farm producers who plan to cultivate Jerusalem artichoke to select proper varieties. | Изучены вопросы селекции, семеноводства, зональные особенности и ареал, пригодный для выращивания топинамбура в зависимости от назначения, системы защиты от болезней и вредителей, технологии выращивания, хранения и переработки. В результате исследований предложена классификация сортов топинамбура с разделением на 2 основные группы: ранние (150-170 дней) и поздние (190 дней и более). Сформулированы задачи по промышленному использованию топинамбура с механизированным возделыванием. Разработана методическая база для проведения исследований по культуре топинамбура в соответствии с требованиями методики полевого опыта, Программой и методикой оценки сортов топинамбура в тест-питомниках в рамках реализации программы Союзного государства "Инновационное развитие картофеля и топинамбура" на 2014-2016 гг. и "Методики исследований по культуре картофеля" как культуры, наиболее близкой по технологии выращивания. Методическая база включает в себя: подбор опытных участков с учетом особенностей растений топинамбура; наблюдение за агрометеорологическими условиями проведения исследований; выбор сортов топинамбура, используемых в качестве объектов исследований; соблюдение условий и методик для проведения полевых и лабораторных исследований (фенологические наблюдения; оценка биометрических показателей; оценка поражения грибными, вирусными и бактериальными болезнями и вредителями; апробация посадок; учет урожая и качества клубней и зелёной массы; определение столовых качеств клубней (сырых, варёных) и на переработку (чипсы, фри); учеты лежкости клубней; определение экономической и биоэнергетической эффективности возделывания топинамбура). Достоверные данные по характеристике сортов топинамбура отсутствуют. Поэтому разработанные основные пункты методической базы для проведения исследований по культуре топинамбура позволят дать предварительную оценку сортов топинамбура. Методика будет полезна производителям, которые планируют заняться выращиванием топинамбура.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Kosikova, N.V. | Kolenchenko, I.A. | Stelletskij, V.I., Central Scientific Agricultural Library, Moscow

The aim of the research was to study real requirements of scientists and specialists of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Russia of the electronic information resources of the "Central Scientific Agricultural Library" (CSAL). The main categories of users of the electronic information resources of the CSAL were determined and their information requirements were studied; the dynamics of their retrievals in resources were revealed and analyzed, priority directions in organizing and using the electronic information resources of the CSAL were identified. An investigation based on 12000000 retrievals in the electronic information resources of the CSAL in the period of 2015-2017 was carried out by monitoring. The information was collected and aggregated by means of the analytical system Yandex Metrics. The attendance ratio was defined as the main indicator of measuring the use of internet resource. The priority group of users of the electronic information resources of the CSAL was revealed – remote users (as to DB "Agricultural electronic library of knowledge"– 99.8%, as to DB "Electronic Scientific Agricultural Library" – about 97.5%). The resources of the DB "Agricultural electronic library of knowledge" (about 12000000 retrievals) are most eagerly sought, a tendency towards reducing the attendance ratio (9%) is observed. The resources of veterinary medicine (24.9%), agricultural biology (17.5%), animal husbandry (11.6%) and plant production (10.8%) are most popular. A great number of thematic sections is characterized by a sporadic demand (section Plant Production in 2015 – 13.3%, in 2016 – 10.1%, in 2017 – 9.3%). The highest attendance ratio is in the section Veterinary Medicine (24.9%). The tendency towards increasing the demand is observed only in two sections: Agricultural Biology (by 3.5%) and General Issues of Agriculture (by 1.5%). The electronic documents: Chemical Encyclopedia (2015 – 13.0%, 2016– 12.9%, 2017 – 16.4%); Veterinary Encyclopedic Dictionary (11.5% – 12.3% – 13.3%, respectively) cause outstanding interest of users. A conclusion is made that the obtained statistic data allow estimating the creation of electronic information resources on problematics of the Agro-Industrial Complex as a priority direction of providing information demands of CSAL users. | Цель исследования - изучение реальных потребностей ученых и специалистов АПК России в электронных информационных ресурсах (ЭИР) ЦНСХБ. Определяли основные категории пользователей ЭИР ЦНСХБ и изучали их информационные потребности; выявляли и анализировали динамику их обращений к ресурсам; определяли приоритетные направления в организации и использовании ЭИР ЦНСХБ. Методом мониторинга проведено исследование на основе 12,0 млн. обращений пользователей к ЭИР в период 2015-2017 гг. Сбор и агрегирование информации осуществлялось с помощью аналитической системы Яндекс Метрика. Основным индикатором измерения использования интернет-ресурса – определен показатель посещаемости. Выявлена приоритетная группа пользователей ЭИР – удаленные пользователи (по базе данных "С.-х. электронная библиотека знаний" – 99,8%, по базе данных "Электронная научная с.-х. библиотека" – около 97,5%). Наиболее востребованы ресурсы базы данных "С.-х. электронная библиотека знаний" (около 12,0 млн. обращений), отмечена тенденция к снижению посещаемости (9%). Наиболее популярными (по количеству вхождений) являются ресурсы по ветеринарии (24,9%), с.-х. биологии (17,5%), животноводству (11,6%) и растениеводству (10,8%). Значительное количество тематических разделов характеризуется спорадическим спросом (раздел Растениеводство в 2015 г. – 13,3%, в 2016 г. – 10,1%, в 2017 г. – 9,3%). Самый высокий показатель посещаемости в разделе Ветеринария (24,9%). Тенденция к увеличению спроса наблюдается только в двух разделах: С.-х. биология (на 3,5%) и Общие вопросы сельского хозяйства (на 1,5%). Наибольший интерес пользователей вызывают электронные документы: Химическая энциклопедия (2015 г. – 13,0%, 2016 г. – 12,9%, 2017г. – 16,4%); Ветеринарный энциклопедический словарь (11,5% – 12,3% – 13,3% соответственно). Сделан вывод, что полученные статистические данные позволяют оценить создание ЭИР по проблематике АПК как приоритетное направление обеспечения информационных потребностей пользователей ЦНСХБ.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Altukhov, A.I., Federal Reseach Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories, Moscow

An assessment of the current state of agro-industrial complex of Russia from the point of view of ensuring food independence of the country, profitability of agriculture, stability of development of rural territories is given. It is shown that the agriculture contribution to development of economy is much higher, than its share in balanced financial result, expenses of the consolidated budget and investments into fixed capital. Despite the existence of system problems in development of the agrarian sphere of economy, it has approached such boundary when it is capable not only to provide food independence, but also to overcome a chronic gap between the standard of living of urban and country people, to provide worthy life in the village, to thereby replace a paradigm from "the human capital of rural territories" to "rural economy for the resident of the village". Researches of economists-agrarians in 2017 have been directed to the solution of these interconnected fundamental problems of development of agrarian and industrial complex. They have shown that over the long term at natural reduction of a share of agriculture in GDP its development remains one of basic indicators of a role of the country in the world. It is necessary that the agriculture priority from the state becomes the general strategy of its development of mainly advancing, but not catching up type regardless of existence of internal and external risks and threats. It is necessary to come to average annual rates of a gain agricultural output over 3% that will provide the advancing development in comparison with the world trend, but will require annually increasing investments by about 10% into branch. It is important to continue researches on development of multi-functionality and multiplication of agriculture, ensuring the necessary level of its profitability, transformation of the branch to a knowledge-intensive and hi-tech sector of economy, weakening the inter industry disproportions, reducing the significant regional differences in the social and economic development of the village. | Дана оценка современного состояния агропромышленного комплекса России с точки зрения обеспечения продовольственной независимости страны, доходности сельского хозяйства, устойчивости развития сельских территорий. Показано, что вклад сельского хозяйства в развитие экономики значительно выше, чем его доля в сальдированном финансовом результате, расходах консолидированного бюджета и инвестициях в основной капитал. Несмотря на наличие системных проблем в развитии аграрной сферы экономики, она подошла к такому рубежу, когда способна не только обеспечить продовольственную независимость, но и преодолеть хронический разрыв между уровнем жизни городского и сельского населения, обеспечить достойную жизнь на селе, тем самым сменить парадигму от "человеческого капитала сельских территорий" к "сельской экономике для жителя села". Именно на решение этих взаимосвязанных фундаментальных проблем развития АПК были направлены исследования ученых экономистов-аграрников в 2017 г. Они показали, что в перспективе при закономерном сокращении доли сельского хозяйства в ВВП его развитие остается одним из базовых показателей роли страны в мире. Необходимо, чтобы приоритет сельского хозяйства со стороны государства стал общей стратегией его развития преимущественно опережающего, а не догоняющего типа вне зависимости от наличия внутренних и внешних рисков и угроз. Необходимо выйти на среднегодовые темпы прироста продукции сельского хозяйства свыше 3%, что обеспечит опережающее развитие по сравнению с мировым трендом, но потребует ежегодного прироста инвестиций в отрасль около 10%. Важно продолжить исследования по развитию многофункциональности и мультипликативности сельского хозяйства, обеспечению необходимого уровня его доходности, преобразованию отрасли в наукоемкий и высокотехнологичный сектор экономики, ослаблению межотраслевых диспропорций, сокращению значительных региональных различий в социально-экономическом развитии села.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Z. V. Lovkis | S. I. Korzan | З. В. Ловкис | С. И. Корзан

The development and introduction of modern high-performance and efficient devices for the disinfection of liquids, in particular drinking water, in the food industry is an actual line of scientific research. At present, active research is being carried out all over the world on the properties of hydrodynamic heaters and their application in various fields of activity. The article presents the developed pilot plant which includes a rotary heater which operation principle is based on the conversion of mechanical energy supplied to the rotor into the energy of the vortex motion of the liquid. The device and the operating principle of the pilot plant are described. A methodology has been developed for carrying out studies to determine the effect of the structural and technological parameters of the rotary heater on the water heating temperature. The results of experimental studies on the effect of the structural and technological parameters of the rotary heater on the water heating temperature are shown. | Разработка и внедрение в пищевую промышленность современных высокопроизводительных и эффективных устройств для обеззараживания жидкостей, в частности воды питьевой, является актуальным направлением научных исследований. В настоящее время во всем мире ведутся активные исследования по изучению свойств гидродинамических нагревателей и применению их в различных сферах деятельности. В статье представлена разработанная опытная установка, в состав которой входит роторный нагреватель, принцип действия которого основан на преобразовании механической энергии, подведенной к ротору в энергию вихревого движения жидкости. Описано устройство и принцип работы опытной установки. Разработана методика проведения исследований по определению влияния конструкционных и технологических параметров роторного нагревателя на температуру нагрева воды. Отображены результаты проведения экспериментальных исследований по определению влияния конструкционных и технологических параметров роторного нагревателя на температуру нагрева воды.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2018

O. V. Sidorenko

Development of domestic grain sub-complex in the conditions of Russia's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Customs Union, the adoption of an agreement on free trade zone of the Eurasian Economic Community, is functioning in the context of tightening international competition and integration. At the same time the problem of balance of functionally industrial areas and agricultural industries, the problem of optimization of their economic cooperation, the problem of technological modernization in the field of storage, processing and transporting, the problem of improvement of the efficiency and stability of grain production, the problem of ensuring of the competitiveness of grain and its processed products in foreign and domestic markets still remain unsolved. Consideration of these and other issues makes the claimed scientific field especially urgent. The aim of the study is substantiation of methodological principles of grain sub-complex development during a globalization period.  In the paper the principle positions of the functioning of grain sub-complex today have been clarified using scientific methods of research. We have determined the factors which influence on its formation and development. Assessment criteria, functions and peculiarities have been presented here. We have made a conclusion that development of agro-industrial units should meet the requirements of stability, efficiency and competitiveness. The functional-branch structure, the diagram and the algorithm of research of grain sub-complex have been developed. Theoretical and practical significance of the results is that they can serve as a basis for further development of the research methodology of grain sub-complex and substantiation of conceptual approaches to the evaluation of its development. They can allow participating in the development of promising proposals for improving the formation and implementation of the national grain policy in the context of the major priorities of the development of the Russian agricultural sector.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

A. I. Krikun | S. D. Rudnev

For the purification of process water from impurities at fish processing plants, a large number of filtering devices are currently used, differing in their design parameters (mesh, woven, disco, etc.). However, in practice, these filtering devices are mainly used as the first stage of water treatment, since they can not provide sufficient quality of the filtrate. The most effective, as numerous studies of scientists of our country and the world show, are bulk granular filters. Their main advantages over other devices of similar designation are: they have a simple and reliable design; resistant to aggressive operating conditions; they are capable of effectively purifying seawater from mechanical impurities at relatively low pressure; most economical; have a filtering load capable of a long time to work without regeneration (the approximate service life of a grain-loading is 3 to 5 years) etc. In this article, the influence of vibration effects on the filtration of sea water in a designed and fabricated filter unit with bulk granular materials of natural and artificial origin, the design of which is protected by two patents for the utility model. The results of the study are presented, revealing the degree of influence of the intensity of vibration of the perforated partitioning wall on the state of bulk granular materials located on it (segregation by size, stratified vibro-packing, compacting or loosening of a layer of granular material). The dependences of the capacity of the filtration unit on the amplitude, frequency and the vibration intensity factor have been experimentally established, which made it possible to establish rational vibration parameters of the perforated septum, under which the filtering layer becomes denser, the porosity of the loading decreases, and the precipitate does not break into the filtrate.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

Igor Zagorodniuk

An overview of the growth and development of chiropterological movements in Ukraine and of research devoted to the study of fauna, status of populations, and problems of bat conservation, as well as the education of citizens in the protection of bat populations in natural and anthropogenic habitats. These processes are considered in the context of four developmental periods: period 1: beginnings and the first intensities (1995–2003), period 2: research extensions (2003–2009), period 3: “red” books and urban studies (2010–2017), period 4: perspectives (continued). An overview of the most important monographic editions, reviews, thematic collections of scientific works, field keys, and dissertations is given.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden