AGRIS - 

2019

O. M. Fedets | I. M. Kurlyak

The analysis of publications from the last 5 years is presented in this review.  These articles describe the relationship of glutathione transferase (GST) with mammary tumors. Most of these works are dedicated to investigating the genotypic relationship between GST and neoplasms in human. The most common are single nucleotide polymorphism of GSTP1 Val105Ile (rs1695) and gene deletions GSTM1 and GSTT1. Several publications describe polymorphisms of GSTM3(rs4970737), GSTM4 and GSTA5. These polymorphisms (especially GSTP1 Val105Ile) are associated with the risk of mammary tumors, overall survival and relapse in patients of some ethnic groups. This is as a result of reduced enzymatic activity of GST and disturb of ability to detoxify substrates. Some studies demonstrate that single nucleotide polymorphism of GSTP1 Val105IIe is associated with a better response to chemotherapy and overall survival of patients, but no association with genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1. The injections of carcinogenic compounds into the tissue of mammary gland or its feeding to rats leed to decrease of GST activity and to development of tumors. The increased expression of GST in breast cancer cell lines leeds to increase of the resistance of these cells against various chemical compounds therefore the enzyme catalyzes the binding of these compounds to glutathione and this prevent their negative effects and is necessary for the formation of conjugates. Such increased expression of GST indicates on the resistance of breast cancer cell lines in particular to the action of drugs, which reduces their therapeutic effect. This is shown on cell lines BT474, MCF-7, MCF-7/ADR, MCF-7/ADR-1024, MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and T47D. Chemical compounds (including antitumor drugs), that reduce the activity and/or expression of GST, can have a cytotoxic effect on these cells. Mammary tumors associated with epigenetic changes that do not change the sequence of nucleotides in GST genes. The methylation of the GSTP1 promoter decreases an expression of protein in mammary tissue and increases a risk of cancer in different ethnic groups. Compounds increase the level of expression of genes when they are able to lower the level of methylation or to affect demethylation. Polymorphisms of GST genes, their association with response to chemotherapy and overall survival of patients, expression of GST and it dependence on the action of anticancer drugs, methylation of GST promoter are associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of mammary neoplasms.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

Hasiuk N. V. | Klitynska O. V. | Pogoretska Kh. V. | Gurando V. R.

The prevalence of generalized periodontitis in different countries of the world is quite high. There are various systematizations and clinical and morphological forms of periodontitis, distinguished depending on the etiology, the nature of the process and the immune response. Polymorphic clinical manifestations of this nosology associated with different composition of subgingival microflora. A significant role is also played by factors that influence the antimicrobial response and the new metabolic status of adolescent organisms. The problem of early diagnosis of generalized periodontitis in adolescents, the development of effective measures for its prevention and treatment aimed at achieving positive long-term results, occupies one of the leading places among the priority areas of development of modern dentistry. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies show a relationship between pathology of the cardiovascular system and persistent bacterial infections or clinical conditions with generalized periodontitis. In addition, the current views and concepts do not fully explain the differences in identifying risk factors for the development and progression of periodontitis in adolescents, its course, and mixed results of treatment under the same conditions. The difference in the rate of progression of periodontitis known in the clinic in adolescents who received treatment according to standard generally accepted schemes suggests the biological heterogeneity of this disease and its possible complex causes. In this regard, studies are gaining particular importance, allowing to specify the effect on the possibility of developing periodontitis in healthy individuals and to predict the course in patients with this nosology. Therefore, the study of the relationship of this pathology with genetically determined factors should be attributed to a promising one. The latest data on the problem of metabolic disorders in the development of inflammation in periodontal tissues and, as a consequence, the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis demonstrate the main aspect of this leading form of pathology as an inflammatory disease. Recent large pathomorphological studies suggest that one of the places in atherogenesis is the inflammatory factor. High plasma cholesterol is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis, makes it possible to consider it as a process associated with the accumulation of fats in the wall. According to some authors, granulocyte defects lead to a number of systemic diseases associated with periodontal tissue pathology: deficiency of adhesion of type 1 leukocytes; Chediak-Higashi syndrome; Down syndrome; PapillonLefebvre syndrome; diabetes; chronic granulomatosis; lazy white blood cell syndrome; Crohn’s disease. For the successful conduct of the surgical phase of treatment, a set of diagnostic methods is necessary, the results of which would allow predicting the final result of surgical interventions in periodontal tissues. However, traditional methods of diagnosing and predicting the development of various forms of rapidly progressive periodontitis in adolescents are not always effective and timely and do not completely solve the tasks set for clinicians due to the cyclical and unpredictable course of the pathological process, rapidly progressive destruction of periodontal tissues, toxic and allergic reactions. There are only a few achievements of foreign scientists regarding genetically determined prognostic risk factors and the clinical course of generalized periodontitis in adolescents. This necessitates the search for new, effective, highly specific techniques that would allow pathogenetic substantiation of the process from the standpoint of molecular genetics.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

Daria A. Skuratovskaia | Maria A. Vulf | Elena V. Kirienkova | Natalia I. Myronyuk | Pavel A. Zatolokin | Larisa S. Litvinova

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates the proliferation of β-cells, enhances their resistance to apoptosis and increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion. AIMS: Study of the relationship of Leu260Phe polymorphism (rs1042044) of the GLP-1R gene with postprandial hormone production (C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 174 patients, 82 patients with obesity with type 2 diabetes (BMI=40.4±14.3 kg/m2)and 92 conditionally healthy donors (BMI=22.6±2.7 kg/m2) were studied. The material for the study was venous blood taken on an empty stomach and 60 minutes after the test breakfast. Genotyping was performed by PCR using the sets for determining polymorphism (rs1042044) of the GLP-1R gene (Sintol) and the amplificator (CFX96 BioRad, USA). Plasma hormone levels were evaluated by flow fluorimetry (Bio-PlexProteinAssaySystem, Bio-Rad, USA) using commercial test systems (Bio-PlexProHumanDiabetes 10-Plex Assay, Bio-Rad, USA). Statistical analysis and graphs were obtained at R Statistical Software. RESULTS: A violation of postprandial production of GLP-1 and ghrelin after a test breakfast in obese patients with type 2 diabetes was found. A postprandial increase in C-peptide levels of 3.25[1.83;4.16] ng/ml and insulin 3048 [1978;4972] ng/ml in carriers of the CC genotype compared with carriers of the CA genotype in the group of patients with obesity with type 2 diabetes type In carriers of the CA genotype, there was a decrease in the C-peptide level of 2.21 [1.8;2.49] ng/ml and insulin 1462 [1146; 2304] ng/ml with a constant concentration of GLP-1. The postprandial level of ghrelin in carriers of the CA genotype of the Leu260Phe polymorphism increased to 118[96.1;157] ng/ml compared to carriers of the AA 98 genotype [86; 109] ng/ml. CONCLUSION: The presence of the CC genotype of the Leu260Phe polymorphism of the GLP-1 receptor gene is associated with an increase in postprandial plasma levels of C-peptide and insulin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and the CA genotype with a decrease in these indicators and an increase in ghrelin content.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

Il'nitskaya, Е.Т., North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture and Viticulture, Krasnodar

The study of the indigenous gene pool of Vitis vinifera L. of different zones of viticulture with the involvement of molecular genetic methods is an urgent due to the wide diversity of grape varieties. 'Kachich' is the oldest Abkhazian grape variety, known for the quality of wines obtained from its harvest. The aim of the research is DNA fingerprinting of the 'Kachich' grape variety based on the analysis of polymorphism of microsatellite loci. The object of the study was the plants corresponding to the variety description, growing in the collection of the agricultural company "Wines and waters of Abkhazia" (Sukhum, Abkhazia). DNA was isolated from the young leaves of the top of the shoot of typical plants of the variety by the CTAB-method. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with separation of reaction products by capillary electrophoresis. Highly polymorphic SSR-markers recommended for grapes varieties identification were used for study (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79). The size of amplified fragments was estimated using the automatic genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130 and special software GeneMapper and PeakScanner. To clarify the size of amplified fragments, the DNA of reference varieties was used. According to the results of microsatellite analysis, the DNA-certificate of the genotype of the 'Kachich' grape variety was compiled: VVS2153 155 VVMD5234 240 VVMD7239 249 VVMD25239 267 VVMD27186 193 VVMD28234 248 VVMD32262 272 VrZAG62194 196 VrZAG79236 236. The resulting DNA-profile was checked for matches in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue VIVC. No matches of the obtained DNA-profile with any other DNA-profile presented in the Database were found. DNA-certificate of genotype 'Kachich' can be successfully used for varieties identification of grape plants if necessary to clarify their varietals affiliation. | Изучение аборигенного генофонда Vitis vinifera L. различных зон виноградарства с привлечением молекулярно-генетических методов – актуальная задача по причине большого разнообразия сортов винограда. Качич – древнейший абхазский сорт винограда, известный благодаря высокому качеству вин, получаемых из его урожая. Цель исследований – ДНК-паспортизация сорта винограда Качич на основе анализа полиморфизма микросателлитных локусов. Объект исследования - растения, соответствующие сортовому описанию, произрастающие в коллекции агрофирмы "Вина и воды Абхазии" (Сухум, Абхазия). ДНК выделяли из молодых листьев верхушки побега типичных растений сорта методом ЦTAБ. Генотипирование проведено на основе полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с разделением продуктов реакции методом капиллярного электрофореза. Использовали высокополиморфные SSR-маркеры, рекомендованные для сортовой идентификации винограда (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79). Оценка размера амплифицированных фрагментов проведена с использованием автоматического генетического анализатора ABI Prism 3130 и специального программного обеспечения GeneMapper и PeakScanner. Для уточнения размеров амплифицированных фрагментов в работе использовали ДНК референсных сортов. По результатам микросателлитного анализа составлен ДНК-паспорт генотипа сорта винограда Качич" – VVS2153 155 VVMD5234 240 VVMD7239 249 VVMD25239 267 VVMD27186 193 VVMD28234 248 VVMD32262 272 VrZAG62194 196 VrZAG79236 236. Полученный ДНК-профиль был проверен на предмет совпадений в международной базе Vitis International Variety Catalogue VIVC. Совпадений полученного ДНК-профиля с каким-либо иным ДНК-профилем из представленных в Базе данных не выявлено. ДНК-паспорт генотипа "Качич" может успешно быть использован для сортовой идентификации растений винограда при необходимости уточнения их сортовой принадлежности.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Pozovnikova, M.V. | Larkina, T.A. | Krutikova, A.A. | Nikitkina, E.V. | Timofeeva, S.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, St. Petersburg

An important task in goat breeding is to obtain animals with high genetic potential, with a strong constitution and sufficient body weight. Therefore, the study of genes associated with the growth and development of animals has a scientific interest. In this aspect, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and myostatin (MSTN) can be considered as promising candidate genes. IGF-I plays a key role in mammalian metabolism, stimulating tissue proliferation and anabolic processes. The MSTN gene encodes a protein that regulates the development of muscle tissue. There was studied the IGF-I/HaeIII polymorphism, determined in the region of the 4th exon and partially of the 4th intron of the IGF-I gene and the MSTN/DraI polymorphism located in the 1st exon of the MSTN gene in the Russian population of the Saanen goats. Animal genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. In the studied samples, the high occurrence of the BB (0.949) genotype and allele B (0.975) of the IGF-I gene was determined. No animals with AA genotypes were identified. The MSTN gene showed a uniform distribution of the A and B allele (0.534 and 0.466, respectively) and the predominance of animals with the AB genotype (0.474). The obtained data extend the understanding of the genetic potential of the Russian population of Saanen goats. | Важной задачей в козоводстве является получение животных с высоким генетическим потенциалом, обладающих крепкой конституцией и достаточной живой массой. Изучение генов, ассоциированных с ростом и развитием животных, представляет научный интерес. В качестве перспективных генов-кандидатов в этом аспекте можно рассматривать ген инсулиноподобного фактора роста I (IGF-I) и миостатина (MSTN). IGF-I играет ключевую роль в метаболизме млекопитающих, стимулируя пролиферацию тканей, анаболические процессы. Ген MSTN кодирует белок, регулирующий развитие мышечной ткани. Был изучен полиморфизм IGF-I/HaeIII, определяемый в районе 4-го экзона и частично 4-го интрона гена IGF-I и полиморфизм MSTN/DraI, расположенного в 1-м экзоне гена MSTN в российской популяции коз зааненской породы. Генотипы животных определяли методом ПЦР-ПДРФ. В изученной выборке коз зааненской породы определена высокая встречаемость генотипа ВВ (0,949) и аллеля В (0,975) гена IGF-I. Животных с генотипом АА не выявлено. По гену МSTN наблюдалось равномерное распределение аллеля А и В (0,534 и 0,466 соответственно) и преобладание животных с генотипом АВ (0,474). Полученные знания расширяют представления о генетическом потенциале российской популяции коз зааненской породы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Chupina, I.S. | Silantyeva, M.M.

Приводятся результаты морфометрического анализа плодов Trapa natans c разных популяций Алтайского края. Оценен уровень полиморфизма плодов внутри и между популяциями. Дана оценка гидрологическим особенностям водоёмов как мест обитания водяного ореха. | The article considers the results of morphometric analysis of Trapa natans fruits from different populations in Altai Krai. It estimates the level of the fruits polymorphism within and among the populations. The hydrological features of water bodies as water caltrop habitats are assessed.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2019

Shiryaev, G.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, St. Petersburg

The interest in the possibility of obtaining various qualitative characteristics of milk based on its nutritional properties and impact on human health is gradually increasing. The purpose of this review is to analyze published data on genes associated with the fatty acid composition of raw milk and the reproductive parameters of cattle, as well as their variability. The review considers the literature data of studies devoted to assessing the effect of polymorphic variants of genes determined the fatty acid composition of raw milk on reproductive parameters. A large number of studies demonstrate a reliable relationship between the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and the fatty acid profile of cow's milk. However, there is insufficient information on the effect of the described SNPs on the reproductive function of cows. The article analyzes the influence of the most studied polymorphisms of the DGAT1, SCD1, OLR1, PPARGC1A genes on the reproduction rates of cows of various breeds and populations. Their influence on a number of reproduction indicators has been shown: the insemination index, service and inter-hotel periods, the birth rate, the age of the first calving, etc. A list of promising candidate genes has been given, the reliable effect of which on cattle fertility has yet to be established: ABCG2, ADRB2, ACACA , CCL3, CHUK, ECHS1, FABP4, FADS1, FADS2, FASN, GHR, INSIG2, IGF1, LEP, LIPK, LIPJ, MINPP1, MOGAT1, PRKG1, PRL, SCD5, SREBF1, STAT1, STAT5A. It is important to note that among them there are genes for transcription factors that can potentially affect a large number of characters. For all these genes, SNPs were found and relationships with the FA profile in milk were studied. Insufficiency of information on biochemical, hormonal and molecular mechanisms of the influence of a particular gene and its polymorphisms on the fatty acid composition and reproductive parameters of dairy cows is noted. | Усиливается интерес к возможности управления селекционно-генетическими методами содержанием полиненасыщенных и мононенасыщенных жирных кислот и их соотношений. Цель обзора - анализ имеющейся в литературных источниках информации о генах, связанных с жирнокислотным составом сырого молока и репродуктивными показателями крупного рогатого скота, и их вариабельности. Большое количество исследований показывают достоверную связь между наличием однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP) в этих генах и жирнокислотным профилем молока. Однако сведений о влиянии данных SNP на репродуктивную функцию коров значительно меньше. В этом отношении Проанализировано влияние наиболее изученных в этом отношении полиморфизмов генов DGAT1, SCD1, OLR1, PPARGC1A. Показано их влияние на ряд показателей воспроизводства: индекс осеменения, сервис- и межотельный периоды, коэффициент рождаемости, возраст первого отела и др. Приведен ряд перспективных генов-кандидатов, достоверное влияние которых на фертильность крупного рогатого скота еще предстоит установить: ABCG2, ADRB2, ACACA, CCL3, CHUK, ECHS1, FABP4, FADS1, FADS2, FASN, GHR, INSIG2, IGF1, LEP, LIPK, LIPJ, MINPP1, MOGAT1, PRKG1, PRL, SCD5, SREBF1, STAT1, STAT5A. Важно отметить, что среди них есть гены транскрипционных факторов, которые потенциально могут влиять на большое число признаков. Для всех указанных генов за период с 2017 по 2019 гг. найдены SNP и изучены связи с профилем жирных кислот в молоке. Отмечена недостаточность сведений о биохимических, гормональных и молекулярных механизмах влияния того или иного гена и его полиморфизмов на жирнокислотный состав и репродуктивные показатели молочных коров.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Alabushev, A.V. | Dontsova, A.A. | Filippov, E.G. | Dontsov, D.P., 'Donskoy' Agrarian Scientific Center, Rostov region

The work purpose was to compare the allelic polymorphism of sdw1/denso gene with the results of a phenotypic assessment of economically valuable traits of winter barley to determine the prospects of using a system of functional markers for marker-assisted breeding of high-productive barley varieties. Field observations were performed in the Rostov region in 2016–2018. Molecular screening of the specimens was carried out in St.Petersburg. The objects of the study were 96 varieties of barley of various ecological and geographical origin of domestic and foreign breeding, contrasting in morphological and biological traits. Genomic DNA was isolated from barley leaves according to a standard procedure using a STAB buffer. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out in a GeneAmp PCR system 9700 thermocycler; visualization of amplification products was carried out by electrophoresis in a 1.3% agarose gel with the addition of a 1% solution of ethidium bromide in 0.5 x (dilution of the concentrate 1:10) TBE-buffer (Tris borate EDTA). To detect alleles at sdw1/denso locus, HaeIII CAPS marker was used, detecting SNP in the second intron of the gene. The sequence of allele-specific primers was Hv20ox2F_1: GCTGATTAACTGGGACACATA; Hv20ox2R_1: GGTGCTAATGTCGCTATGTC. We used a molecular weight marker 100bp DNA Ladder (fragment range of 100–1000 bp, the step of 100 bp). Under the field conditions, resistance to lodging, weight of 1000 grains, and protein content in the grain were evaluated. Among 15 varieties with an identified dominant allele, 13 varieties of European origin formed a large filled grain with a weight of 1000 grains of 41.3–55.4 g. The results of a two-factor analysis of variance to identify the association of the influence of sdw1/denso gene alleles and the origin of the variety on the weight of 1000 grains showed that the sdw1/denso alleles, as well as the origin of the varieties, affected this important yield indicator, however, both factors are not related to each other (p = 0.698). Thus, the dominant (mutant) allele of sdw1/denso gene detected using the used CAPS marker can be recommended for the selection of more productive genotypes. | Выполнено сопоставление аллельного полиморфизма гена sdw1/denso с результатами фенотипической оценки хозяйственно-ценных признаков озимого ячменя для определения перспективы применения системы функциональных маркеров (геноспецифичных) для селекции высокопродуктивных сортов. Полевые наблюдения выполняли в Ростовской обл. в 2016–2018 гг. Молекулярный скрининг образцов проводили в Санкт-Петербурге. Объектом исследований служили 96 сортов ячменя различного эколого-географического происхождения отечественной и зарубежной селекции, контрастных по морфобиологическим признакам. Геномную ДНК выделяли из листьев ячменя по стандартной методике c использованием СТАB-буфера (цетилтриметиламмонийбромид). Полимеразную цепную реакцию проводили в амплификаторе GeneAmp PCR system 9700; визуализацию продуктов амплификации – с помощью электрофореза в 1,3%-ном агарозном геле с добавлением 1%-ного раствора бромистого этидия в 0,5x (разведение концентрата 1:10) TBE-буфере (трисборат ЭДТА). Для определения аллелей в локусе sdw1/denso использовали CAPS-маркер HaeIII, выявляющий SNP во втором интроне гена. Последовательность аллель-специфичных праймеров – Hv20ox2F_1: GCTGATTAACTGGGACACATA Hv20ox2R_1: GGTGCTAATGTCGCTATGTC. Использовали маркер молекулярного веса – ДНК 100bp DNA Ladder (диапазон фрагментов 100...1000 п.н., шаг 100 п.н.). В полевых условиях оценивали устойчивость к полеганию, массу 1000 зерен, содержание белка в зерне. Из 15 сортов с идентифицированным доминантным аллелем, 13 сортов европейского происхождения формировали крупное, хорошо выполненное зерно с массой 1000 зерен 41,3…55,4 г. По результатам двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа аллели sdw1/denso, как и происхождение сортов, влияют на этот важный показатель урожайности (р меньше 0,001), однако оба фактора не связаны между собой (р=0,698). Доминантный (мутантный) аллель гена sdw1/denso, выявляемый с помощью использованного CAPS-маркера, может быть рекомендован для отбора более продуктивных генотипов.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Besedinа, E.N., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg

One of the priorities of the genetics of arthropod populations is to assess the genetic similarity of individuals, genetic diversity, and DNA-polymorphism. Universal RAPD-primers (OPA07, OPA09 and OPA18) for lace bugs (Tingidae family) have been revealed. In order to study DNA-polymorphism and the genetic diversity of lace bugs using selected primers, a comparative PCR-analysis of four species of bugs of this family (Corythucha arcuata Say, Corythucha ciliata Say, Stephanitis pyri F., Monosteira unicostata Mulsant et Rey) was carried out. It was shown that the species Monosteara unicostata differed from the others in the lowest level of DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity. The high values of DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity of the other three species indicate a high migratory ability of these insect species and a significant intraspecific gene drift. In the research process, clustering of lace bugs species based on the data obtained using RAPD-markers was carried out in order to determine their genetic relationship. Cluster analysis of the data was performed by the UPGMA-method using the Popgene program. We found out that the genetically closest species were the species of the genus Corythucha, and the most distant from others was the species Monosteira unicostata. It was shown that RAPD-PCR-method can be successfully used in the analysis of interspecific differences of insects, along with other molecular-genetic methods. The performed studies allowed us to assess the effectiveness of the RAPD-primers identified in the work for differentiating the species of lace bugs and to obtain information on the genetic relationship of the Tingidae family species. The primers identified in the work are also effective for assessing DNA-polymorphism and genetic diversity of insects of the Tingidae family. This method of molecular-genetic diagnosis allows carrying out a more effective monitoring of pests of this insect family. | Одними из приоритетных задач генетики популяций членистоногих являются оценка генетического сходства индивидуумов, генетического разнообразия и ДНК-полиморфизма. Выявлены универсальные для клопов-кружевниц (семейство Tingidae) RAPD-праймеры (ОРА07, ОРА09 и ОРА18). Для изучения ДНК-полиморфизма и генетического разнообразия кружевных клопов с использованием отобранных праймеров проведен сравнительный ПЦР-анализ 4-х видов данного семейства (Corythucha arcuata Say, Corythucha ciliata Say, Stephanitis pyri F., Monosteira unicostata Mulsant et Rey). Показано, что вид Monosteira unicostata отличался от остальных наименьшим уровнем ДНК-полиморфизма и генетического разнообразия. Высокие значения ДНК-полиморфизма и генетического разнообразия 3-х других видов свидетельствуют о большой миграционной способности этих видов насекомых и значительном внутривидовом дрейфе генов. В ходе работы на основе данных, полученных при использовании RAPD-маркеров, была проведена кластеризация видов кружевных клопов с целью определения их генетического родства. Кластерный анализ данных проводили методом UPGMA с использованием программы Popgene. Установлено, что наиболее близкими в генетическом отношении оказались виды р. Corythucha, а наиболее отдаленным от других – вид Monosteira unicostata. Метод RAPD-PCR можно с успехом использовать при анализе межвидовых различий насекомых, наряду с другими молекулярно-генетическими методами. Проведенные исследования позволили оценить эффективность выявленных в работе RAPD-праймеров для целей дифференциации видов клопов-кружевниц и получить сведения о генетическом родстве представителей семейства Tingidae. Выявленные в работе праймеры эффективны также для оценки ДНК-полиморфизма и генетического разнообразия насекомых семейства Tingidae. Данный метод молекулярно-генетической диагностики позволяет проводить мониторинг вредителей этого семейства насекомых более эффективно.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

V. Y. Bodnaruk | L. I. Muzyka | A. J. Zhmur | T. V. Orikhivskyj

Studying the genetic structure of cattle makes it possible to characterize it by molecular genetic markers, which in the future enable effective breeding work with animals breed to achieve the desired characteristics. Lately is becoming more apparent the need to preserve genetic diversity namely due to the peculiarities of breeding in different ecological and geographical regions. Therefore, we conducted an investigation of the genetic structure of animals of pure-bred Brown Carpathian (BC), Schwyz (S) breeds, their mixtures of the first (F1) generation (1/2BС+1/2S), Brown Carpathian with a share of hereditary breed of Schwyz breed up to 50 and more than 50%, as well as Brown Carpathian, raised in flat and mountain farms. Genetic structure was evaluated by genetically determined polymorphism of groups of genetic-biochemical systems. Of the 14 investigated loci that encode proteins and blood enzymes, polymorphism was identified in five loci, namely: transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cr), amylase-1 (Am-1), hemoglobin (Hb), and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP). As a result of population-genetic analysis of polymorphic loci of proteins and enzymes of blood in animals of Brown Carpathian breed the following data were obtained:the highest level of heterozygosity (H) was found at the transferrin locus – 95%, the lowest – at the hemoglobin locus – 9.5%.The heterozygosity at the ceruloplasmin locus was 68%. Evaluation of heterozygosity at the purinnucleoside phosphorylase locus was not possible because part of the animals with the NP-H (high activity) phenotype could carry a low activity variant in the heterozygous state. For all polymorphic systems in the Brown Carpathian breed genotype frequency distribution was in a balanced state according to Hardy-Weinberg law, except for the transferrin locus,where a statistically significant deficiency of homozygotes (P > 0.95) in the most common allelic variants is detected. Analysis of the dendrogram showed that groups of animals of Brown Carpathian breed with different proportion of hereditary Schwyz form one cluster that is clearly differentiated from purebred schwyzes. First-generation domestic animals (F1), by genetic structure, are significantly closer to the maternal Brown Carpathian breed than to the Schwyz one. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the specific characteristic of Brown Carpathian breed may be a relatively increased breeding value of a number of allelic interlocal associations, in which the loci of the genetic-biochemical systems are involved in one way or another. Genetic analysis of these systems showed the presence in the breed of its specific features, which are specific to it.

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