AGRIS - 

2020

Kullawong, Supattra | Aditto, Satit | Chambon, Bénédicte | Promkhambut, Arunee

Since 2000, farmers in Northeast Thailand have planted more than 5,000 sq km of rubber on land previously devoted to agriculture. The expansion of rubber led to a significant increase in tree cover in Northeast Thailand. Rubber prices peaked in 2011 and since then farmers have had to adjust to lower prices. Little research has documented how farmers responded to low rubber prices. This paper seeks to describe how small-scale rubber farmers use fertilizer in a region that did not historically grow rubber du ring a period of low rubber prices. We collected data from structured interviews with 29 farmers in Subsomboon village in Khon Kaen province, Northeast Thailand. Most farmers reported that they reduced fertilizer costs by reducing the number of times they applied fertilizer, as well as changing to cheaper brands and/or using organic fertilizer. The majority of farmers still used large amounts of chemical fertilizers, either alone or in combination with commercial organic fertilizers with unknown nutrient contents. The N and P20s contents of the chemical fertilizer alone were consistent with national recommendations (82.0-137.6 kg N/ha/y and 33.3-97.7 kg P20s/ha/y). Thai national recommendations for rubber, however, were developed for rubber plantations in traditional planting area where rubber has been grown for over a century, and are considered by many experts to be high. The study's findings indicated that small scale rubber farmers would benefit from recommendations for fertilizer applications that respond to variations in rubber prices, while taking into account the diversity of individual household characteristics and goals. To optimize recommendations that sustain the growth and yield of rubber, limit the effects of environmental externalities, and maintain rubber's profitability, policymakers require detailed information on the diverse situations in which rubber is grown. This requires experimental research that tests a variety of fertilization practices under different biological and physical conditions.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2020

Bel, Jérémie | Legout, Arnaud | Saint-André, Laurent | J. Hall, Steven | Löfgren, Stefan | Laclau, Jean-Paul | Van Der Heijden, Geertje

The plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium are assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cation exchange complex. In numerous forest ecosystems, despite very low plant-available pools, elevated forest productivities are sustained. We hypothesize that trees access nutrient sources in the soil that are currently unaccounted by conventional soil analysis methods. We carried out an isotopic dilution assay to quantify the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium and trace the soil phases that support these pools in 143 individual soil samples covering 3 climatic zones and 5 different soil types. For 81%, 87% and 90% of the soil samples (respectively for Ca, Mg and K), the plant-available pools measured by isotopic dilution were greater than the conventional exchangeable pool. This additional pool is most likely supported by secondary non-crystalline mineral phases in interaction with soil organic matter and represents in many cases (respectively 43%, 27% and 47% of the soil samples) a substantial amount of plant-available nutrient cations (50% greater than the conventional exchangeable pools) that is likely to play an essential role in the biogeochemical functioning of forest ecosystems, in particular when the resources of Ca, Mg and K are low.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2020

Zhilinskaya, N.V., Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow

Enriching dairy products in nutrients is one of the directions of the correction of deficiency of vitamins and minerals in various population groups. The additional introduction of essential nutrients in dairy products is an economically viable way to increase the population's supply with them. Milk and its processed products are consumed by all segments of the child and adult population and are included in the daily diet; therefore, their enrichment is a socially significant event. In many countries, the fortification of milk and dairy products is mandatory and enshrined in law. In the Russian Federation, food fortification takes place on a voluntary basis. Given the growing interest of the population in this category of products, the range of fortified dairy products is constantly expanding both in the domestic market and in the global market. In particular, milk, sour-milk products, cottage cheese, cheeses, ice cream, as well as a line of specialized food products for baby food are widely represented in this market segment. Milk is often enriched in vitamins A, D, calcium and complexes of other vitamins and minerals. In the RF dairy products are enriched more actively. To enrich, preparations of iodine, selenium, folic acid, calcium and others are used. Products enriched in protein, probiotics and prebiotics, as well as with increased fat added sugar are becoming popular. | Обогащение молочной продукции нутриентами – одно из основных направлений коррекции дефицита витаминов и минеральных веществ у различных групп населения. Дополнительное введение эссенциальных нутриентов в молочную продукцию является экономически выгодным способом повышения обеспеченности ими населения. Молоко и продукты его переработки массово потребляются всеми слоями детского и взрослого населения и входят в ежедневный рацион питания, поэтому их обогащение – социально значимое мероприятие. Во многих странах фортификация молока и молочной продукции является обязательной и закреплена на законодательном уровне. В Российской Федерации обогащение пищевой продукции проходит на добровольной основе. С учетом роста заинтересованности населения в такой категории продукции ассортимент обогащенных молочных продуктов постоянно расширяется как на отечественном, так и на мировом рынке. В частности, в данном сегменте рынка широко представлены молоко, кисломолочная продукция, творог, сыры, мороженое, а также линейка специализированной пищевой продукции для детского питания. Молоко часто обогащают витаминами А, D, кальцием и комплексами др. витаминов и минералов. В РФ более активно обогащают молочнокислые продукты. Для обогащения используют препараты йода, селена, фолиевой кислоты, кальция и др. Приобретают популярность продукты, обогащенные белком, пробиотиками и пребиотиками, а также с пониженным содержанием жира и добавленного сахара.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Gridnev, P.I. | Gridneva, T.T., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Mechanization of Animal Husbandry, Moscow

Based on research results, cleaning and preparing experience operating systems for manure using analysis, the technical level of existing technical means is determined, and technologies and machinery for manure cleaning processes from premises' performing main directions improving are justified, processing it by anaerobic digestion composting and mechanical separation into fractions are substantiated. A list of technical means has been created that allows a highly efficient environmentally safe system for manure disposal in relation to any livestock enterprise to create. It was found that environment significant damage by an animals' unreasonably high concentration on the same site and necessary areas for manure disposal by enterprises lack is caused. The main operational-and-technological indicators of newly created technical means and those to be upgraded are presented. The proposed technological and technical solutions at water flow into manure, the number of performed operations minimizing, transport flows' optimizing, and animals and service personnel's comfortable conditions creating are aimed; manure maximum using as a raw material for the of organic fertilizers producing. The completed research developments' implementation will allow new principles for manure cleaning and preparing for environmentally friendly systems' building to develop. To reduce the nutrients losses by 50-70%, the range of technical means 2-3 times; energy and material consumption 1.5-2 times; the fertilizer using efficiency 13-17 times to increase; up to 20 million tons of grain per year additionally to produce is required. | Summaries (En, Ru) | 14 ref. | На основании анализа результатов исследований, опыта эксплуатации систем уборки и подготовки навоза к использованию определен технический уровень существующих технических средств, обоснованы основные направления совершенствования технологий и машин для выполнения процессов уборки навоза из помещений, переработки его компостированием, анаэробным сбраживанием, механическим разделением на фракции. Сформирован перечень технических средств, который позволит применительно к любому животноводческому предприятию создать высокоэффективную экологически безопасную систему утилизации навоза. Установлено, что значительный ущерб окружающей среде причиняется необоснованно высокой концентрацией животных на одной площадке и отсутствием у предприятий необходимых площадей для утилизации навоза. Представлены основные эксплуатационно-технологические показатели вновь создаваемых технических средств и подлежащих модернизации. Предлагаемые технологические и технические решения нацелены на максимальное сокращение поступления воды в навоз, минимизацию количества выполняемых операций, оптимизацию транспортных потоков, создание комфортных условий для животных и обслуживающего персонала; максимальное использование навоза в качестве сырья для производства органических удобрений. Реализация завершенных разработок позволит разработать новые принципы построения экологически безопасных систем уборки и подготовки навоза к использованию. Обеспечить сокращение потерь питательных элементов на 50-70%, потребную номенклатуру технических средств в 2-3 раза; энергоемкость и материалоемкость в 1,5-2 раза; повысить эффективность использования удобрений в 1,3-1,7 раза; дополнительно производить до 20 млн т зерна в год.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Blagov, D.A., Federal Research Agro-engineering Center VIM. Institute for Technical Support of Agriculture, Ryazan

The issue of controlling the protein nutrition of cattle, as well as the digestibility of the organic part of the fed diet using the program ASTRA+ is considered. An extended zooanalysis of the economic diet of animals atone agricultural enterprise of the Republic of Bashkortostan showed that the feed set is optimally selected for cows with a live weight of 500 kg and a yield of24 kg. The diet is dominated by juicy feed (39.29%), which has a positive effect on the milk productivity of cows. Protein nutrition was at a high level. In particular, it contains an excess of crude protein +5.0% and digestible +1.0% with a lack of 41.0% of non-split protein. The diet must include essential amino acids lysine at least 25 g and tryptophan at least 35 g. The digestibility of the organic part of the diet was 69.53%. The content of raw fiber, which has a significant impact on the absorption of nutrients, exceeded the recommended norm by only 1.0%. To replenish the lack of lysine and tryptophan, it is recommended to add to the diet their crystalline L-in forms in an amount of 27.90 and 14.70 g/day per head, respectively. The diet is optimal both in terms of the ratio of components and in providing the body of cows with the necessary nutrients. The algorithm of the program ASTRA+ allows doing a zooanalysis of the diet, taking into account the changing nutritional value of its components, identify feed deficiencies and draw conclusions about the necessary changes in the diet recipe. | Рассматривается вопрос контроля протеинового питания крупного рогатого скота, а также переваримость органической части скармливаемого рациона с помощью программы "АСТРА+". Расширенный зооанализ хозяйственного рациона животных на одном с.-х.предприятии Республики Башкортостан показал, что набор кормов подобран оптимально для молочного скота живой массой 500 кг с удоем 24 кг. В рационе преобладают сочные корма (39,29%), положительно влияющие на молочную продуктивность коров, так как некоторые компоненты относятся к молокогонным. Протеиновая питательность находилась на высоком уровне. В частности, содержится избыток сырого протеина +5,0% и переваримого +1,0% при недостатке 41,0% нерасщепляемого протеина. В рацион необходимо включить незаменимые аминокислоты лизин не менее 25,0 г и триптофан не менее 35,0 г. Переваримость органической части рациона составляла 69,53%. Содержание сырой клетчатки, которая оказывает значительное влияние на усвояемость питательных веществ, превышало рекомендуемую норму всего на 1,0%. Для восполнения нехватки лизина и триптофана рекомендуется ввести в рацион их кристаллические L-формы в количестве соответственно 27,90 и 14,70 г/сут на голову. Рацион является оптимальным как по соотношению компонентов, так и по обеспечению организма коров необходимыми питательными веществами. Алгоритм работы программы "АСТРА+" позволяет проводить зооанализ рациона с учетом изменяемой питательности его компонентов, выявлять недостатки кормов и делать выводы о необходимых изменениях в рецептуре рациона.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Chua, T,V.L.R. | Nguyen-Orca, M.F.R. | Danao, I.U.

Hospital meal environment is often overlooked in terms of patient nutrition care management. Protected Mealtime (PM) is an initiative done by some countries to promote proper meal practices in the hospital, in turn curtail hospital malnutrition. The study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of registered nutritionist-dietitians (RNDs) on PM in the province of Laguna [Philippines]. There were nine identified tertiary care hospitals in the province and out of the 24 RNDs employed, 19 agreed to be part of the study. A pretested questionnaire was then used to determine the KAP on PM of the respondents. The RNDs in the study were mostly aged 20-35 years old. Around half of the respondents (58%) knew about the concept of PM and that PM-like practices are employed as measures to improve the nutritional status of admitted patients. Most (84.21%) of the respondents believed that PM is an effective way to alleviate hospital malnutrition. However, 58% thought that it is not an efficient program. Several barriers and challenges were also identified by the respondents. PM is indeed perceived as a valuable practice to curb malnutrition in the hospital, but some hurdles should still be addressed. Whatever the practice or initiative, it is vital to acknowledge the existence of hospital malnutrition and to realize ways to diminish it.

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University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2020

Bel, Jérémie | Legout, Arnaud | Saint-André, Laurent | J. Hall, Steven | Löfgren, Stefan | Laclau, Jean-Paul | Van Der Heijden, Geertje

The plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium are assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cation exchange complex. In numerous forest ecosystems, despite very low plant-available pools, elevated forest productivities are sustained. We hypothesize that trees access nutrient sources in the soil that are currently unaccounted by conventional soil analysis methods. We carried out an isotopic dilution assay to quantify the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium and trace the soil phases that support these pools in 143 individual soil samples covering 3 climatic zones and 5 different soil types. For 81%, 87% and 90% of the soil samples (respectively for Ca, Mg and K), the plant-available pools measured by isotopic dilution were greater than the conventional exchangeable pool. This additional pool is most likely supported by secondary non-crystalline mineral phases in interaction with soil organic matter and represents in many cases (respectively 43%, 27% and 47% of the soil samples) a substantial amount of plant-available nutrient cations (50% greater than the conventional exchangeable pools) that is likely to play an essential role in the biogeochemical functioning of forest ecosystems, in particular when the resources of Ca, Mg and K are low.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2020

Karklina, I., Latvian State Forest Research Inst. Silava, Salaspils (Latvia);University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia) | Zvaigzne, Z.A., Latvian State Forest Research Inst. Silava, Salaspils (Latvia) | Stola, J., Latvian State Forest Research Inst. Silava, Salaspils, Latvia

Enhanced forest growth may respond to demand of woody resources and contribute to the climate change mitigation. Forest soil treatment with fertilizers, as well as drainage and thinning enhance forest growth. The analysis of needles is an established method in forest science to identify the nutrient status in the forest stand and need for forest soil enrichment with fertilizers. The aim of this research is to estimate the efficiency of forest soil enrichment with wood ash and ammonium nitrate in order to eliminate nutrient deficiency in forest stands. Forest soil was enriched with wood ash fertilizer or ammonium nitrate in 2016–2017. The current year needles were collected from fertilized and control plots, from three trees in each plot. The samples were collected in the period 2018–2019. Total nitrogen (g kgE−1), calcium (g kgE−1), magnesium (g kgE−1), and potassium (g kgE−1) were analysed in the collected samples. The chemical properties of collected needles were compared at the individual object level to estimate the impact of fertilizer on forest stand. A statistically significant increase in the concentrations of potassium and phosphorus was detected in some plots treated with wood ash and ammonium nitrate. In addition, a correlation analysis conducted between the variables of chemical properties of needles and soil showed few significant correlations between nutrient content in needles and in soil samples.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia