AGRIS - 

2020

Kurniati N. | Sukiyono K. | Purmini

Integrated farming system of rice and cattle utilizes cattle and rice waste to be processed into organic fertilizer and feed which will be reused in farming. One of the excellences of integrated farming based on rice and cattle is production cost efficiency. This study aims at analyzing the costs efficiency as well as the variables that affect cost efficiency and inefficiency integrated farming systems in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The data taken was primary data on 129 rice and cattle farmers. The data were analyzed by using Stochastic Frontier Cost function. The parameters of the function were estimated by the maximum likelihood method using the computer program Frontier version 4.1. The results of the study showed that the variables of land area, seed prices, wage rates and tiller prices had a significant effect, while the variable price of Nitrogen fertilizer and P fertilizer price does not have a significant effect on the production costs of integrated farming on rice and cattle. Meanwhile, the variable of farmer’s age has a significant effect on inefficiency, while the variables of education, rice farming experience and experience of cattle farming have no significant effect on inefficiency.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2020

Chepik, A.G., Ryazan State Univ.

The current state and perspectives of developing such an animal breeding sub-sector as cattle breeding in order to produce milk and meat has been studied. The investigation has found that its effective development requires using to a greater degree the natural potential of hay-fields and pastures having an area in Russia above 3.5-4.5 ha of natural forage lands. Improving the effectiveness of the animal breeding sub-sector requires their combined use, both in industrial cattle breeding densely populated territories, and at medium sized animal farms (200-600 heads), in private subsidiary farms and peasant farms (60-120 heads and more). It is reasonable not only to build large animal complexes, but also to create conditions for developing medium-sized farms and especially cattle breeding private farms in the territories provided with natural forage lands, for example, in the Ryazan region where the area of hay lands and pastures is above 650 ths ha and there are comparatively favorable climatic conditions for cattle breeding. The calculations have shown that in the Ryazan region the total costs to put into operation one room for animal at the complex are comparative with 3-5 animal rooms at traditional farms with seasonal keeping animals on pastures and 10-12 animal rooms in private farms. It has been concluded that to solve the problems of growing bovine milk and meat production, the state support should be done more target-focused and exacter, to tighten supervision of its bringing up and using in agro-industrial businesses at the regional level. | Изучено современное состояние и перспективы развития такой подотрасли животноводства, как разведение КРС с целью производства молока и мяса. В процессе исследования установлено, что для ее эффективного развития необходимо в большей степени использовать природный потенциал естественных сенокосов и пастбищ, площадь которых в России составляет свыше 70 млн. га. В настоящее время на одну голову крупного рогатого скота приходится 3,5-4,5 га природных кормовых угодий. Для повышения эффективности животноводческой подотрасли необходимо их комплексное использование, как в промышленном скотоводстве густонаселенных территорий, так и на животноводческих фермах среднего размера (200-600 голов), в личных подсобных (от 1-2 до 40 голов) и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйствах (60-120 и более голов). Целесообразно не только строить крупные животноводческие комплексы, но и создавать условия для развития ферм средних размеров и особенно скотоводческих личных хозяйств на территориях, обеспеченных природными кормовыми угодьями, например, в Рязанской области, где площадь сенокосов и пастбищ составляет свыше 650 тыс. га и имеются сравнительно благоприятные климатические условия для ведения скотоводства. Расчеты показали, что в Рязанском регионе совокупные затраты на введение в эксплуатацию одного скотоместа на комплексе сопоставимы с 3-5 скотоместами на традиционных фермах с сезонным содержанием животных на пастбищах и 10-12 скотоместами в личных хозяйствах. Сделан вывод, что для решения проблемы наращивания объёмов производства молока и мяса КРС следует сделать господдержку более адресной и точной, ужесточить контроль за ее доведением и использованием в субъектах хозяйствования АПК на региональном уровне.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Epimakhov, V. | Sarukhanov, V.

In order to prevent the development of pathological processes in the body of farm animals, the intravital determination of the content of heavy metals in organs and tissues is relevant. The state of the solution to this problem is considered. A description is given of various approaches that allow testing the content of heavy metals in animals, assessing and adjusting the environmental safety of livestock products.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2020

Abdel'manova, A.S. | Volkova, V.V. | Dotsev, A.V. | Zinov'eva,N.A., The L.K. Ehrnst All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Animal Husbandry, Moscow Region

Summaries (En, Ru) | Среди молочных пород крупного рогатого скота в России наиболее распространена черно-пестрая. Для повышения ее продуктивности активно используют производителей голштинской породы, что приводит к потере аллельных сочетаний, свойственных черно-пестрой породе. Цель работы – сравнение генофондов современной популяции крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы с животными этой же породы, использовавшимися 30…40 лет назад, а также с современными представителями голштинской породы. Материалом для исследований служили ушные выщипы, кровь и сперма скота современных российских популяций черно-пестрой (BLWT, n = 25) и голштинской (HLST, n = 19) пород, а также животных черно-пестрой породы (BLWT_OLD, n = 13), сохранившихся в генетическом банке, которых ранее использовали в племенной работе. Животных генотипировали с использованием мультиплексной панели по 10 STR-маркерам (микросателлитным локусам). Продукты амплификации анализировали методом капиллярного электрофореза на ДНК-анализаторе 3130xlGeneticAnalizer. Статистическую обработку и визуализацию результатов проводили в программной среде R 3.5.0 с использованием дополнительных программ. Кластерный анализ показал дифференциацию популяции HLST от BLWT и BLWT_OLD. Высокая наблюдаемая (Но = 0,721 ± 0,036) и ожидаемая гетерозиготность (Не = 0,713 ± 0,026), а также аллельное разнообразие (Ar = 5,689 ± 0,395) BLWT указывают на длительное использование голштинского скота при ведении селекционной работы в породе. В некоторых локусах BLWT исчезли аллели, свойственные BLWT_OLD, и появились аллели, встречающиеся у HLST. Генетическое расстояние (Fst) уменьшилось с 0,099 между BLWT_OLD и HLST до 0,055 между BLWT и HLST. Племенная работа, направленная не только на повышение продуктивности, но и на поддержание биоразнообразия, поможет сохранить аллельные комбинации, свойственные черно-пестрой породе и отличающие ее от других молочных пород скота. | 3 ill. | 4 tables | 14 ref. | Among Russian dairy cattle breeds, Black-and-White is the most common. Stud bulls of Holstein breed are actively used to increase its productivity. This leads to the loss of allelic combinations characteristic for Black-and-White breed. The purpose of the study was to compare the gene pools of the modern Black-and-White cattle population with animals of the same breed used 30–40 years ago, as well as with modern animals of Holstein breed. The material used for the study was ear pluck, blood, and semen from cattle of modern Russian populations of Black-and-White (BLWT, n = 25) and Holstein (HLST, n = 19) breeds, as well as of animals of Black-and-White breed (BLWT_OLD, n = 13), preserved in the genetics bank, which were previously used in breeding. The groups of 10 animals were genotyped by STR markers using a multiplex panel (microsatellite loci). Amplification products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis on 3130xl Genetic DNA-Analyzer. The results were statistically processed and visualized using the software environment R 3.5.0 with additional software. Cluster analysis showed the differentiation of the HLST population from BLWT and BLWT_OLD. The high observed (Ho = 0.721 ± 0.036) and expected heterozygosity (He = 0.713 ± 0.026), as well as BLWT allelic diversity (Ar = 5.689 ± 0.395) indicate the long-term breeding work in Holstein cattle. At some BLWT loci, the alleles characteristic of BLWT_OLD disappeared, whereas the alleles found in HLST appeared. Genetic distance (Fst) decreased from 0.099 between BLWT_OLD and HLST to 0.055 between BLWT and HLST. Breeding work aimed not only at increasing productivity but also at maintaining biodiversity, will help preserve the allelic combinations characteristic of Black-andWhite breed and distinguishing it from other dairy cattle breeds.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Nikolaeva, N.A. | Borisova, P.P. | Alekseeva, N.M., Yakutsk Research and Development Inst. of Agriculture

Summaries (En, Ru) | The cattle bred in Yakutia do not reach the productivity level meeting the genetic potential because of insufficient unbalanced feeding. The research purpose is to estimate a usability of energy saturated feed additives to increase the productivity of farm animals. The study was carried out by the Yakutian Agricultural Research Institute on young cattle and Simmental milking cows (crosses with Holstein cows) in one of the farms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).There was compared the use as feed additives of dry brewer's grains, zeolite Hong-Gurine, mineral vitamin additive "Zdravur Mu-Mu", grain molasses, carbohydrate-vitamin-meneral concentrate "Felucen" and probiotic "Sakhabactisubtil" containing local Bacillus subtilis strains. During the research experimental data on using energy saturated feed additives were obtained from local resources providing an increase in productivity of milking cows and young cattle. The prospects of using the additives for increasing the biological value of diets has been found, the potential economic effect of their application has been estimated . | 3 tables | Крупный рогатый скот, разводимый в Якутии, не достигает уровня продуктивности, соответствующего генетическому потенциалу, вследствие недостаточного и несбалансированного кормления. Цель исследований – оценка возможности использования энергонасыщенных кормовых добавок для повышения продуктивности с.-х. животных. Исследования проводились Якутским НИИСХ на молодняке и дойных коровах симментальской породы (и помесях с голштинами) в одном из хозяйств Республики Саха (Якутия). Сравнивали использование в качестве кормовых добавок пивной дробины сухой, цеолита-хон-гурина, минерально-витаминной добавки "Здравур Му-Му", зерновой патоки, углеводно-витаминно-минерального кормового концентрата "Фелуцен" и пробиотика "Сахабактисубтил", содержащего местные штаммы Bacillus subtilis. В результате исследований получены экспериментальные данные по использованию энергонасыщенных кормовых добавок из местных ресурсов, обеспечивающих повышение продуктивности дойных коров и молодняка скота Установлена перспективность использования добавок для повышения биологической ценности рационов, оценен потенциальный экономический эффект от их применения. | 10 ref.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Pleshkov, V.A. | Zubova, T.V. | Mironov, A.N., Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy, Kemerovo

Цель исследования - установить различия биохимических показателей крови у инфицированных вирусом лейкоза крупного рогатого скота (ВЛКРС) и интактных коров. Для проведения исследования в одном из животноводческих хозяйств Кемеровской области в 2018 г. было сформировано 2 группы коров по 10 гол. в каждой: I группа (контрольная) – интактные, II группа (опытная) – инфицированные ВЛКРС. Условия кормления и содержания опытного поголовья контрольной и опытных групп были аналогичные, предусмотренные технологией хозяйства. Исследования образцов крови проводили с использованием традиционных методик лабораторной диагностики. Результаты исследования обрабатывали биометрическими методами с определением уровня достоверности по критерию Стьюдента. Уровни достоверности определены: *Р меньше 0.05; **Р меньше 0.01; ***Р меньше 0.001. Выявлены существенные различия между интактными и инфицированными ВЛКРС животными по ряду показателей: 1) по уровню гамма-глобулинов, разница 13.09 г/л (Р меньше 0.01); 2) по содержанию глюкозы, разница 0.48 ммоль/л (Р меньше 0.05); 3)по уровню общего белка, разница 16.75 г/л (Р меньше 0.01); 4) по содержанию бета-глобулинов, разница 7.12% (Р меньше 0.01); 5) по количеству лактатдегидрогеназы, разница 409.5 Ед/л (Р меньше 0.001); 6) по количеству щелочной фосфатазы, разница 41.1 Ед/л (Р меньше 0.01); 7) по содержанию креатинина, разница 27.4 мкмоль/л (Р меньше 0.01); 8) по содержанию АST, разница 27.2 Ед/мл (Р меньше 0.05); 9) по содержанию ALT, разница 17.1 Ед/мл (Р меньше 0.05). Установленные различия по биохимическим показателям крови инфицированных ВЛКРС и интактных коров могут указывать на развитие патологических процессов у животных, инфицированных ВЛКСР. | The aim of the research is to determine the differences of biochemical blood parameters in the intact cows and in those infected with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The research was carried out in 2018 at one of the livestock farms in the Kemerovo region. 2 groups of cows with 10 heads in each one were formed: group 1 - intact cows (control), and group 2 - BLV-infected cows (experimental). The feeding and keeping conditions for the livestock of both the control and experimental groups were similar, provided by the technology of the farm. Studying the blood samples was performed using traditional laboratory diagnostic methods. The results of the study were processed using biometric methods with determining the level of confidence based on the Student's criterion. The confidence levels were defined as: *P less than 0.05; **P less than 0.01; ***P less than 0.001. Significant differences were found between intact and infected animals in a number of indicators: 1) 13.09 g/l (P less than 0.01) - in gamma-globulins level, 2) 0.48 mmol/l (P less than 0.05) - in the glucose content, 3) 16.75 g/l (P less than 0.01) - in the level of total protein, 4) 7.12% (P less than 0.01) - in beta-globulins content, 5) 409.5 Units/l (P less than 0.001) - in lactate dehydrogenase amount, 6) 41.1 U/l (P less than 0.01) - in alkaline phosphatase amount, 7) 27.4 mmol/l (P less than 0.01) - in creatinine content, 8) 27.2 U/ml (P less than 0.05) – in AST content, 9) 17.1 U/ml (P less than 0.05) – in ALT content. The differences revealed in the biochemical parameters of the blood in BLV-infected and intact cows may indicate the development of pathological processes in the animals infected with BLV.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

S. K. Shibitov

The purpose of the research is to give an analysis to the methods of diagnostics of cattle buxtonellosis.Materials and methods. Feces sampling conducted at the farms for cattle growing with different keeping conditions (private housing, stall-outdoor keeping, stall keeping) from 2013 to 2018. Feces specimens with the mass of 10 g were selected from the animals of different age from rectum or standard collection of fresh feces in housing accommodation for animals. Collected material was preserved by 2% potassium bichromate. For diagnostic purposes parasitological methods for sedimentation, flotation, native and combined methods recommended for diagnostics endoparasitosis were used. Microscopes МБС-10 and ZEISS Axio Imager 2 was used for microscopic evaluation.Results and discussion. For buxtonellosis diagnostics it is recommended: method of sequential irrigation (washout), formalinethereous method and direct smear method. Particularity of Buxtonella sulcata to cause diarrhea in cattle if 1000 or more cysts is present in 1 g of feces should be taken into account allowing for the results of studies. Quantitative methods should be used for this purpose as follows McMaster's modified method or method of examination feces suspension in 5% solution of formalin specifically developed by author.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2020

V. A. Marchenko | E. A. Efremova

The purpose of the research: comparative assessment of cattle infection with intestinal helminths in various provinces and characteristics of the relationship between abiotic and anthropogenic environmental factors with the level of infection and the number of helminths in the Altai Mountains. Materials and methods. According to the results of long-term (2010–2019) ovolarvoscopic examinations, more than 2.4 thousand heads of cattle from 7 regions of the Altai Republic characterized by extensity of infection (EI) and the number of helminth eggs in 1 g of feces (NHE/g) in animals. By correlation analysis, the association of animal EI with helminths, NHE/g and abiotic and anthropogenic environmental factors in the context of farms and regions of the Altai Mountains is shown. The following parameters are estimated: long-term average annual temperature, long-term average annual rainfall, longterm average summer temperature, long-term average summer rainfall, altitude above the sea level, population density of the host, the effect of parasiticidal treatments of animals on parasite infection. Results and discussion. It was found that animals are mostly infected with intestinal helminths in the Choy region, where the EI was 61.7% when detecting NHE/g 81.8 pcs. Minimal infection of cattle by helminths was recorded in the Kosh-Agach region – 38.8% with NHE/g of 22.9 pcs. In the whole country, EI of animals is 51.8% with an egg number of 44.1 individuals in 1 g of feces. Within the physical-geographical provinces, cattle are mostly infected in Central Altai (EI – 56.5%, NHE/g – 43.6 pcs.), to a lesser extent in Southeast Altai (EI – 38.8%, NHE/g – 22.9 pcs.). According to the results of ovoscopic examinations, it was found that the most significant factors affecting the infection of animals with intestinal helminths in farms are the long-term average annual precipitation (r = 0.60 and 0.34) and the degree of anthropogenic pressure (r = -0.52 and -0.59), in the context of districts, long-term average annual temperatures (r = 0.65 and 0.55), average annual summer rainfall (r = 0.74 and 0.65). According to larvoscopy, the most significant environmental factors affecting cattle infection are long-term average annual temperature (r = 0.62 and 0.72), long-term average annual rainfall (r = 0.76) and elevation (r = -0.71 and -0.73), in farms – the degree of anthropogenic press (r = -0.65 and -0.78).

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2020

Ivan G. Seregin | Evgeniya S. Baranovich | Vladimir E. Nikitchenko | Dmitry V. Nikitchenko | Ekaterina O. Rystsova

The rate of sarcocystosis detection in slaughtered cattle was studied. The infection rate for slaughtered animals averaged 0.382.11 % of studied livestock. The location of sarcocysts in various muscle tissues of the carcass was determined. Organoleptic, physical chemical and microbiological characteristics of beef from sick and healthy animals were compared. Detected was a decrease in sensory indicators by 0.140.34 points, an increase in pH - by 0.34 units, an increase in VFA - by 0.4 mg/KOH and in amino-ammonia nitrogen concentration - by 0.09 mg/%. The content of protein decreased by 0.92 %, fat - by 1.04 %, and moisture level increased by 2.90 %. At the same time, a decrease in relative bioavailability by 10.7 % and safety by 5.1104 of meat infected with sarcocystosis as compared to meat of healthy cattle was detected. It was found out that the shelf life of chilled meat from animals infected with sarcocystosis is 1-2 days less than that of healthy ones. Based on the data obtained, proposals were developed for improving the veterinary-sanitary evaluation of meat and other products of slaughtered animals infected with sarcocystosis in order to be incorporated into the Rules of Veterinary Sanitary Examination of Meat and Meat Products.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2020

Yu. R. Fayenova

The purpose of the research is epizootological monitoring of bovine hypodermatosis in 2015–2019.Materials and methods. In accordance with the data of Journal 1-VET A of the FSBI Center for Veterinary Medicine and based on the results of serologic testing, the following data obtained showed the total number of cattle tested for hypodermatosis and the number of those tested positive using an enzyme immunoassay for 2015-2019. The data obtained were analyzed and summarized in tables. Results and discussion. It was noted during epizootological monitoring of bovine hypodermatosis in 2015-2019 that the hypodermatosis rate in the Russian Federation tended to decrease in recent years.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden