2024

Lakmal, K.A.K.S.

Three field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of variety and planting density on biomass yield, quality of corn and sorghum plants and nutritional quality of silage from corn and sorghum. A feeding and digestibility trial with 18 cows, randomly assigned to 3 treatments of sorghum, corn silage and Napier grass as basal feed, was conducted to determine lactation performance. An economic analysis was done to determine the beneficial dairy feeding system under Sri Lanka conditions. Two varieties each of corn and sorghum were planted under three densities (53,333, 88,888 and 133,333 corn plants/ha and 111,111, 142,857 and 166,666 sorghum plants/ha). Results showed dry matter yield was significantly higher in corn variety HP 4311 with increasing planting density. With sorghum, agronomic parameters were significantly different between varieties in both main and ratoon crop. Better corn silage nutritional quality was obtained at lower planting density. The apparent dry matter digestibility of corn silage was significantly higher milk yield, milk fat and lactose content were observed with cows fed to corn silage. Economic analysis indicated that the use of corn silage is feasible and will be beneficial for the dairy farms in Sri Lanka.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2024

Mai Tien Huy

This study analyze the economics of adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) practices in the Northwest region. Socioeconomic characteristics of maize farming households and the current situation of adopting rate of CA practices in the Northwest region of Vietnam increased over the period of time. The motivation and constraint of adoption of CA practices were identified. Impacts of psychological factors on the intentions of farmers to adopt CA practices were investigated by using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings suggested that farmer's intention to adopt CA practices depends on the five socio-psychological components of extended theory of planned behavior. Attitude, Subjective norm, Perceived behavioral control, Knowledge and Perceived severity. Knowledge was the most significant variable in controlling intention, while attitude and PBC also played a crucial role in intention. Factors influencing the actual adoption and intensity of CA practices were examined using multivariate probit model and ordered probit model. The results revealed that the probability and extent of adoption of CA practices are influenced by several factors: education of household head, farmer' intention, credit access, training on CA practices, distance to cooperative, contract extension agent and member of farmers' groups. The impacts of CA practices adoption on maize yields and maize income were examined. The multinomial endogenous switching regression model was employed to correct for selection bias and endogeneity that emanates from both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. The results found that CA practices have positive effects on maize yield and maize income. The effects of CA practices on the outcome variables are higher when CA practices are adopted in combinations than in isolation. The study recommended the following to increase the adoption of CA practices: (1)Conduct the training courses on the CA practices for the farmers and communities, (2)Promote peer learning, and (3)Strengthening local institutions.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2024

Corpuz, M.V.

Intercropping and relay cropping can increase nutrient use efficiency ((NUE), land equivalent ratio (LER) and net income per unit area of land. The relay cropping and intercropping were performed at Laguna and Nueva Ecija, respectively with five cropping systems: monocrop maize (M), monocrop soybean (S), maize-soybean intercropped or relay cropped (M+S or S/M), soybean with Rhizobium (SwR), and maize-soybean with Rhizobium inoculant intercropped or relay cropped (M+SwR or SwR/M), and two tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT) and reduce tillage (RT). The said two provinces have specific cropping system viz. either relay or intercropping to assess its influence on the test species agronomic performance and economic profitability. In Laguna, plant height, biomass partitioning for ear, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield of maize all increased in monocropping. Uninoculated soybean relayed with maize increased plant height of maize at maturity and Rhizobium inoculant did not influence the grain yield and yield components of maize. In soybean, S and SwR had increased 1000-seed weight than relay cropping. However, combined crops (soybean/maize) had the highest NUE, gross income and net income with LER of 1.58. Relay cropping conducted in Laguna maximize total productivity per unit area and with dual purpose of ensuring food and nutritional security from two crops harvested at the same plot. In Nueva Ecija, M in plant height, number of kernels per ear, ear weight per plant, and maize grain yield all increased. In sybean, harvest index increased in monocropping among cropping systems. In this latter study, monocropping resulted in higher yields compared to having soybean and maize intercrop. However, this yield advantage is not necessarily translated as an advantage in economic terms. Further, studies on cropping systems to explore the best combination of crops to improve the mutualism between crops for increasing yield of the main crop and additional crop for the benefit of the farmers. Moreover, total NUE of combined crops (maize+soybean), gross income and net income all increased with LER of 1.70. The identified advantages in the use efficiency of land, nitrogen use efficiency and net income are essential, however, obtaining such yield benefits in actual in the Philippine agriculture will require site-specific technology and training for the farmers.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2024

Bunan, J.A.B.

The dietary effect of a commercial toxin binder on egg production performance, liver and spleen weight, liver lesion score, income over feed cost and energy digestibility in chicken layers was determined in a 16-week feeding trial with five treatments replicated 15 times following Randomized Complete Block Design using three hundred ready-to-lay Babcock pullets. The dietary treatments were: negative control (10ppb aflatoxin); negative control + 2 kg Xpel sup TM/ ton of feed; positive control (200ppb of aflatoxin); positive control + 2 kg Xpel sup TM/ ton of feed; and positive control + 1 kg ElitoxTM/ton of feed. Hen-week egg production was similar among all treatments but lower compared to the expected rate of lay for the strain. The highest weekly rate of lay occurred at 26 weeks of age (negative control + 2 kg XpelTM/ ton of feed) followed by a down-trend up to 33 weeks of age. A second but lower peak occurred at 35 weeks of age. The birds managed to lay 5.60 to 6.03 dozen eggs which proved positive for income based on feed cost. Birds in the positive control had the heaviest livers while those in negative control + 2 Xpel sup TM/ ton of feed had the lightest. Liver lesion scores indicated mild aflatoxicosis in the negative control + 2 Xpel sup TM/ ton of feed, negative control and positive control + 1 kg Elitox sup TM/ton of feed and moderate in the positive control and positive control + 2 kg Xpel sup TM/ ton of feed. Eggs laid were lighter and had lighter yolks than data from literature. Yolk color, shell thickness and egg shape index did not vary among treatments. Energy digestibility was significantly higher in the negative controls with and without toxin binder than in positive controls with and without toxin binder. At 200 ppb in the diet, aflatoxin causes liver damage in layer chickens and lower energy digestibility, thus affecting egg production and egg size. The toxin binders tested are unable to mitigate these effects.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2023

Mnatsakanyan, A.A. | Chuvarleeva, G.V. | Volkova, A.S. | Petelin, I.S.

The results of the research conducted in the period from 2019 to 2021 at the P.P. Lukyanenko Scientific Research Center are presented. The effect of slow-release fertilizers on the yield of corn cultivated in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory has been under study. The soil of the experimental plot is ultra leached low humic chernozem, the content of biogenic elements in the 0-30 cm soil layer: N–NO3 – 8 mg/kg of soil, NH4NO3 – 7.4, P2O5 – 57 and K2O – 412 mg/kg of soil (according to Machigin). At the phase of full corn ripeness, in the fields fertilized with Ruscote, the consumption of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen is greater in comparison with fields fertilized traditionally. The studied fertilizers increased the vegetation period of plants by 4 (traditional) – 8 (Ruscote) days, also affected the accumulation of green plant weight, which by the wax-ripeness stage exceeded the control by 47.2 (traditional fertilizers) and 89.6 (Ruscote) g/plant. 2019 was more favorable for corn cultivation. That year, the average experiment yield of 6.47 t/ha was obtained, whereas in 2020 and 2021 this indicator was 5.99 and 4.73 t/ha, respectively. The data obtained on average for 2019-2021 showed that the use of traditional fertilizers increased the corn yield by 0.55 t/ha in comparison with the control. The inclusion of Ruscote fertilizer in the corn cultivation technology for all studied rates revealed high efficiency, the resulting yield varied from 5.76 to 6.05 t/ha. Due to comparative assessment of the studied types and rates of fertilizers, it was revealed that the maximum corn yield of 6.05 is achieved due to Ruscote fertilizer applying at the rate of N60. This yield exceeds the control one by 17.5% and the yield obtained due to application of traditional fertilizers by an average of 6.1%. During the study period, the protein content in corn did not depend on the rates and types of fertilizers included into the tests. | Представлены результаты исследований, проведенных в период 2019-2021 гг. в ФГБНУ "Национальный центр зерна им. П.П. Лукьяненко" и направленных на изучение влияния удобрений пролонгированного действия на урожайность кукурузы в условиях Краснодарского края. Почва опытного участка – чернозем выщелоченный малогумусный сверхмощный, содержание биогенных элементов в 0-30 см слое почвы: N-NO3 – 8,0 мг/кг почвы, NH4NO3 – 7,4, P2O5 – 57 и K2O – 412 мг/кг почвы (по Мачигину). В фазе полной спелости кукурузы в вариантах с внесением удобрения Ruscote потребление нитратного и аммонийного азота больше в сравнении с традиционными удобрениями. Изучаемые удобрения увеличили вегетационный период растений на 4 (традиционные) – 8 (Ruscote) дней, также сказались и на накоплении сырой массы растений, которая к фазе восковой спелости превышала контроль на 47,2 (традиционные удобрения) и 89,6 (Ruscote) г/раст. Более благоприятным для возделывания кукурузы был 2019 г., где в среднем по опыту получена урожайность 6,47 т/га, тогда как в условиях 2020 и 2021 г. этот показатель составил 5,99 и 4,73 т/га соответственно. Данные, полученные в среднем за 2019-2021 г., показали, что применение традиционных удобрений увеличило урожайность зерна кукурузы на 0,55 т/га в сравнении с контролем. Включение в технологию возделывания кукурузы удобрения Ruscote по всем изучаемым дозам выявило высокую эффективность в сравнении с контролем, урожайность варьировала от 5,76 до 6,05 т/га. В результате сравнительной оценки изучаемых видов и доз удобрений выявлено, что максимальная урожайность 6,05 т/га, превышающая контроль на 17,5% и вариант с внесением традиционных удобрений в среднем на 6,1%, достигается благодаря применению удобрения Ruscote в дозе N60. За исследуемый период содержание белка в зерне кукурузы не зависело от изучаемых доз и видов удобрений.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Galgovskaya, L.A. | Terkina, O.V. | Romanova, A.N.

To create high performance corn hybrids, it is necessary to select parent pairs with high combinational ability adapted to specific natural and climatic conditions. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn located in the foothill zone of the Stavropol Region, since 2015 to 2020. For five years, selection was carried out on linear material based on economic characteristics, as a result five corn lines were selected for further work. To test the lines for the general combining ability, the topcross method was used. Three simple hybrids belonging to different heterotic plasmas were used as testers, which contributed to high heterosis manifestation. Involving new lines and 3 testers, 15 hybrid combinations were created. An analysis of the average grain yield obtained by crossing new lines and testers showed that lines L 145 and L 374 had a high overall combining ability for grain yield providing the yield of 5.5 t/ha and 5.6 t/ha, respectively. The excesses when crossing with testers relative to the Mashuk 150MV standard were 0.9-1.0 t/ha. Line L 180 was characterized by a low overall combinative ability; its average yield when crossed with testers was 4.5 t/ha. Specific combining ability was calculated according to Savchenko technique. High results were obtained by crossing the L 126 line with the T8172 M tester (7.19) and the L 145 line with the T5179 M tester (4.92). An analysis of flowering panicles of F1 hybrids obtained by crossing a line and a tester for M sterility type showed that all 5 lines acted as sterility maintainers. As a result, 3 middle early lines were identified that formed a grain yield in crosses with the tester higher than that of the standard: L 145xT5179M (6.1 t/ha), L 126xT8172M (6.1 t/ha) and L 374xT0176M (6.0 t/ha). The ways for further use of the new lines have been outlined. | Для создания высокопродуктивных гибридов кукурузы необходим подбор родительских пар с высокой комбинационной способностью, адаптированных к конкретным природно-климатическим условиям. Исследования проводили на опытном поле ВНИИ кукурузы, расположенном в предгорной зоне Ставропольского края, в период с 2015-го по 2020 гг. В течение пяти лет на линейном материале проводили отбор по хозяйственным признакам, в процессе которого для дальнейшей работы отобрали 5 линий кукурузы. Для проверки линий по общей комбинационной способности использовали метод топкроссных скрещиваний. В качестве тестеров использовали 3 простых гибрида, принадлежащих к различным гетерозисным плазмам, что способствовало проявлению высокого эффекта гетерозиса. С участием новых линий и трех тестеров было создано 15 гибридных комбинаций. Анализ среднего урожая зерна, полученного при скрещивании новых линий и тестеров, показал, что высокую общую комбинационную способность по урожаю зерна имели линии Л 145 - и Л 374, обеспечившие получение урожайности 5,7 т/га и 5,6 т/га соответственно. Превышения при скрещивании с тестерами относительно стандарта Машук 150МВ составили 0,9-1,0 т/га. Линия Л 180 характеризовалась низкой общей комбинационной способностью, ее средний урожай при скрещивании с тестерами составил 4,5 т/га. Специфическая комбинационная способность была рассчитана по Савченко. Высокие результаты получились при скрещивании линии Л 126 с тестером Т8172 М (7,19) и линии Л 145 с тестером Т5179 М (4,92). Анализ цветения метелок гибридов F1, полученных при скрещивании линии и тестера по типу стерильности М, показал, что все пять линий проявили себя как закрепители. В результате выделили 3 среднеранние линии, формирующие урожай зерна в скрещиваниях с тестером выше, чем у стандарта: Л 145хТ5179М (6,1 т/га), Л 126хТ8172М (6,1 т/га) и Л 374хТ0176М (6,0 т/га). Намечены пути дальнейшего использования новых линий.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Orlyanskaya, N.A. | Orlyanskij, N.A. | Chebotarev, D.S.

The article shows the results of multi-environment trial which was conducted in 2022 to determine the adaptability of corn hybrids and identify genotypes which are better to choose for a short growing season. Ten new early-maturing (FAO 130-150) corn hybrids were studied in 6 plant breeding organisations. These were ecological sites situated in 4 soil-climatic zones of Russia such as the Central Black Earth region, North Caucasus, Urals, West Siberia. The corn hybrids were evaluated by plasticity (bi), stability (sigma d2) and selection indices: the breeding value of the cultivar (Svc), the selection index (Si) and the selection value index of the cultivar (Svic). Sites near such cities as Nalchik (Ij=+1.51), Belgorod (Ij=+0.18) and Voronezh (Ij=+0.04) had favourable environmental conditions, unfavourable environments were near Chelyabinsk (Ij=-1.09), Omsk (Ij=-0.56) and Pyatigorsk (Ij=-0.08). Hybrid 140/26 had the highest grain yield (6.50 t/ha) on average, it exceeded the best standard by 1.15 t/ha. Hybrids 140/28 had the highest mean yield (7.66 t/ha) and 140/24 (7.65 t/ha) under favourable conditions, hybrid 100/28 was the best (5.42 t/ha) in unfavourable environments. Hybrids 100/24 (18.7%), 140/25 (19.0%), 100/27 (20.5%) had the lowest grain moisture at harvest. Hybrids 140/24 (bi=1.82, sigma d2=0.08), 140/28 (bi=1.54, sigma d2=0.09), 100/26 (bi=1.45, sigma d2=0.17) with high ecological plasticity and stability were recommended to cultivate under intensive growing conditions. Application of the technique for corn hybrid evaluating by selection indices makes it possible to identify regionally oriented genotypes. It is better to cultivate hybrids 100/28 (Svic=8.44) и 100/27 (Svic=8.26), which had an optimal balance of environmental stability, grain yield and grain moisture at harvest, under unfavourable conditions of short growing season. | Представлены результаты экологического испытания, проведенного в 2022 г. с целью определения адаптивности гибридов кукурузы и выявления генотипов, пригодных для выращивания в условиях с лимитированным периодом вегетации. В опыте изучены 10 новых раннеспелых (ФАО 130-150) гибридов кукурузы в 6 селекционно-семеноводческих учреждениях – экологических пунктах, территориально расположенных в 4 почвенно-климатических зонах Российской Федерации: Центрально-Чернозёмном, Северо-Кавказском, Уральском и Западно-Сибирском регионах. Гибриды оценивали по пластичности (bi), стабильности (сигмаd2) и селекционным индексам: селекционной ценности сорта (Сц), селекционному индексу (Си) и индексу селекционной ценности сорта (Сиц). Благоприятные условия среды отмечены в пунктах Нальчик (Ij=+1,51), Белгород (Ij=+0,18) и Воронеж (Ij=+0,04), лимитированные – Челябинск (Ij=-1,09), Омск (Ij=-0,56) и Пятигорск (Ij=-0,08). Самая высокая урожайность зерна в среднем отмечена у гибрида 140/26 (6,50 т/га), превышение над лучшим стандартом составило 1,15 т/га. В благоприятных условиях по урожайности зерна выделены гибриды 140/28 (7,66 т/га) и 140/24 (7,65 т/га), в лимитированных – 100/28 (5,42 т/га). Пониженная уборочная влажность зерна отмечена у гибридов 100/24 (18,7%), 140/25 (19,0%) и 100/27 (20,5%). Установлены гибриды 140/24 (bi=1,82, сигмаd2=0,08), 140/28 (bi=1,54, сигмаd2=0,09), 100/26 (bi=1,45, сигмаd2=0,17), сочетающие высокую экологическую пластичность и стабильность, рекомендуемые для интенсивных условий выращивания. Показано, что применение методики оценки гибридов кукурузы по селекционным индексам позволяет выявить регионально ориентированные генотипы. Выделены перспективные гибриды 100/28 (Сиц=8,44) и 100/27 (Сиц=8,26) с оптимальным балансом экологической стабильности, урожайности и уборочной влажности зерна, пригодные для выращивания в лимитированных условиях с ограниченной продолжительностью вегетационного периода.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Gurina, I.V. | Mikheev, N.V. | Gurin, K.G.

The research purpose is to conduct field research and to develop a water-saving regime for irrigating corn cultivated for grain, which guarantees sustainable yielding capacity with a shortage of water resources. The studies were carried out in Rostov region according to the conventional methods. The soil of the plot is ordinary chernozem. According to water-physical and agrochemical indicators, it is suitable for crop cultivation. The experiment scheme included three variants: in variant 1 (control), a previously developed irrigation regime was used; in variants 2 and 3, from the beginning of the growing season to the tasselling phase, irrigation rates were given out completely (as in variant 1), and then decreased by 15 and 30%, respectively. The preirrigation soil moisture threshold in the 0–60 cm layer was maintained at the level of 70–75% of the minimum water capacity. The soil water regime influenced the plant growth and development. The differences in the onset of plant vegetation phases were observed from the tasselling phase. The firm ripe stage earlier occurred in variant 3, then in variant 2. The greatest linear growth in the flowering phase (269 cm) was recorded in variant 1, which was by 3.7 and 5.2% higher than the indicators of variants 1 and 2, respectively. The biological yield of corn in variant 1 was 12.9 t/ha, which is by 10.1 and 16.3% higher than the indicators of the water-saving variants. According to the calculations of economic efficiency, with a decrease in irrigation rates by 15%, the cultivation of corn for grain is profitable. As a result of the research, a water-saving irrigation regime of grain corn has been developed and recommended for agricultural production, which comprises 9 vegetation irrigations: the first and second ones – 300 m3/ha each, the third one – 400 m3/ha, from the fourth to the ninth ones, irrigation is carried out at a rate reduced by 15% – 425 m3/ha. The irrigation rate is 3550 m3/ha. | Цель работы - провести полевые исследования и разработать водосберегающий режим орошения кукурузы, возделываемой на зерно, чтобы гарантировать получение стабильной продуктивности при дефиците водных ресурсов. Исследования проводились в Ростовской области по общепринятым методикам. Почва участка – чернозем обыкновенный. По водно-физическим и агрохимическим показателям она пригодна для возделывания культур. Схема опыта включала три варианта: на варианте 1 (контроль) применялся ранее разработанный режим орошения; на вариантах 2 и 3 от начала вегетации до фазы выбрасывания метелки поливные нормы выдавались полностью (как на варианте 1), а затем снижались на 15 и 30% соответственно. Предполивной порог влажности почвы в слое 0–60 см поддерживался на уровне 70–75% наименьшей влагоемкости. Водный режим почвы оказывал влияние на рост и развитие растений. С фазы выбрасывания метелки наблюдались отличия в наступлении фаз вегетации растений. Фаза полной спелости раньше наступала на варианте 3, затем на варианте 2. Наибольший линейный рост в фазе цветения (269 см) был зафиксирован на варианте 1, что на 3,7 и 5,2% соответственно превышало показатели вариантов 1 и 2. Биологическая урожайность кукурузы на варианте 1 составила 12,9 т/га, что на 10,1 и 16,3% превышало показатели водосберегающих вариантов. Согласно расчетам экономической эффективности, при снижении норм полива на 15% возделывание кукурузы на зерно выгодно. В результате исследований разработан и рекомендован с.-х. производству водосберегающий режим орошения кукурузы на зерно, предусматривающий девять вегетационных поливов: первый и второй – по 300 м3/га каждый, третий – 400 м3/га, с четвертого по девятый полив орошение проводится сниженными на 15% нормами – 425 м3/га. Оросительная норма – 3550 м3/га.

اظهر المزيد [+]

اقل [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Shmal'ko, I.A. | Bagrintseva, V.N.

The data on the effect of plant nutrition area on the duration of the growing season, height, yield of green feed and grain of the early ripe maize hybrid Mashuk 172 were obtained in 2019–2021 in the zone of sufficient moisture in the Stavropol Territory. It was found that the change in plant nutrition area from 0.143 to 0.125 m2 with an increase in crop density from 70 up to 80 thousand plants/ha does not affect the duration of the growing season of corn; it was of 109 days on average. There was no change in plant height due to a decrease in the nutrition area, on average over three years it amounted to 203 cm. The yield of green feed with a plant nutrition area of 0.143 m2 and a crop density of 70 thousand plants/ha was 35.20 t/ha, with an area of 0.125 m2 and a density of 80 thousand plants/ha - 35.82 t/ha. Average grain collection for 2019–2021 did not differ significantly and amounted to 5.40 and 5.38 t/ha, respectively to crop density. The influence of the nutrition area on the yield depending on the weather conditions during the growing season was noted. In 2020, a significant decrease in grain yield by 0.31 t/ha (7.2%) was observed with a decrease in the feeding area from 0.143 to 0.125 m2 with a lack of precipitation during the critical period of plant development in June-July. The highest values of indicators of the yield components (length and weight of the ear, number of grains, and weight of them) by research years as well as on average were recorded with a larger plant nutrition area of 0.143 m2 and a harvesting density of 70 thousand plants/ha. Regularities of changes in grain moisture during harvesting due to sowing density were not revealed. | В 2019–2021 гг. в зоне достаточного увлажнения Ставропольского края получены данные по влиянию площади питания растений на продолжительность вегетационного периода, высоту, урожайность зеленой массы и зерна раннеспелого гибрида кукурузы Машук 172. Установлено, что изменение площади питания растений с 0,143 до 0,125 м2 при увеличении их густоты с 70 до 80 тыс. шт./га не влияет на продолжительность вегетационного периода кукурузы, который в среднем длился 109 дн. Изменения высоты растений из-за уменьшения площади питания не происходило, в среднем за три года она составила 203 см. Получена прибавка урожая зеленой массы (в среднем 0,62 т/га, или 1,8 %) при увеличении количества растений на 1 гектаре с 70 до 80 тыс. Урожай зеленой массы при площади питания растений 0,143 м2 и густоте 70 тыс. шт./га составил 35,20 т/га, при площади 0,125 м2 и густоте 80 тыс. шт. /га – 35,82 т/га. Урожай зерна в среднем за 2019–2021 гг. существенно не различался и составил соответственно густоте 5,40 и 5,38 т/га. Отмечено влияние площади питания на урожайность в зависимости от погодных условий во время вегетации. В 2020 г. наблюдали значительное снижение урожайности зерна на 0,31 т/га (7,2 %) при уменьшении площади питания с 0,143 до 0,125 м2 при недостатке осадков в критический период развития растений в июне-июле. Наибольшие значения показателей структуры урожая (длина и масса початка, число зерен и их масса) по годам исследований и в среднем зафиксированы при большей площади питания растений 0,143 м2 и густоте к уборке 70 тыс. шт./га. Закономерностей изменения влажности зерна при уборке из-за плотности посева не выявлено.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Mazur, V.V. | Nikul'chev, K.A.

The yield of corn grain depends on the tillage methods used in the cultivation technology of wide-row crops. The purpose of the study was to make a comprehensive assessment of the use of various combinations of the cultivator's working tools. Research on improving the technology of corn cultivation for grain by optimizing the system of mechanized maintenance of wide-row crops was conducted in 2021-2022 in the Tambov region. The essence of optimization is to change the combination of working tools in a combined tillage unit and to change the width of their arrangement along the row spacing width and the depth of soil cultivation. Complex multi-depth tillage contributes to the destruction of weeds from a larger area of row spacing and creates optimal conditions for the growth and development of corn plants. In 2021, the use of a tillage unit with a combination of working tools (2 one-side flat hoes (shavers) with overlapping of the working tool edge and a V-shaped weep in the center of the inter-row spacing resulted in achieving a corn yield of 3.62 t/ha. Compared to other types of tillage, the gain was from 0.61 to 1.1 t/ha. This year, in comparison with 2022, in the early phases of the corn growth and the development of its reproductive parts from April to May, excessive moisture was observed, while in June and July the moisture level was insufficient. In 2022, the use of 2 universal V-shaped weeps with overlapping the working tool edge, wheel spiders in the center of inter-row spacing ensured a yield of 9.15 t/ha. Compared to other types of tillage, the gain was from 0.33 to 1.99 t/ha. The formation of a high yield level in 2022 was facilitated by excessive moisture in the period from April to June and the accumulation of moisture in the soil. The choice of a combination of working tools should be determined by weather conditions. | Урожайность зерна кукурузы зависит от приёмов обработки почвы в технологии ухода за широкорядными посевами. Цель исследований - дать комплексную оценку применения различных комбинаций рабочих органов культиватора. Исследования по совершенствованию технологии возделывания кукурузы на зерно путём оптимизации системы механизированного ухода за широкорядными посевами проводили в 2021-2022 гг. в Тамбовской области. Суть оптимизации заключается в изменении комбинации рабочих органов в комбинированном почвообрабатывающем агрегате с изменением ширины их расстановки по ширине междурядья и глубины обработки профиля почвы. Комплексная разноглубинная обработка почвы способствует уничтожению сорняков с большей площади междурядья и создает оптимальные условия роста и развития растений кукурузы. Применение в 2021 г. почвообрабатывающего агрегата с комбинацией рабочих органов (2 односторонних плоскорежущих лап (бритв) с перекрытием кромки рабочего органа, стрельчатой лапы по центру междурядья) позволило достичь урожайности кукурузы 3,62 т/га. По сравнению с другими видами обработки прибавка составила от 0,61 до 1,10 т/га. В этот год по сравнению с 2022 г. в ранние фазы роста и развития растений кукурузы и закладки генеративных органов в период с апреля по май наблюдалось избыточное увлажнение, а в июне, июле – недостаток влаги. В 2022 г. применение 2 универсальных стрельчатых лап с перекрытием кромки рабочего органа, игольчатых дисков по центру междурядья обеспечило урожайность 9,15 т/га. По сравнению с другими видами обработки прибавка составила от 0,33 до 1,99 т/га. Формированию высокого уровня урожайности в 2022 г. способствовали избыточное увлажнение в период с апреля по июнь и накопление влаги в почве. Выбор комбинации рабочих органов должен определяться погодными условиями.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation