الكلمات المفتاحية الخاصة بالمكنز الزراعي (أجروفوك)

2024

Seyidov, A. | Khalilov, S. | Alieva, E.

The purpose of the work was to determine the agricultural production characteristics of eroded mountain-meadow soils in the Khojavend district of Azerbaijan, to develop the scientific basis for the use of these soils and to eliminate the negative consequences of erosion. Descriptions were made for 5 groups of soil quality with their detailed characteristics. As recommendations for increasing productivity, it is useful to use organic and mineral fertilizers. pastures and meadows.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2024

Osmanova, S.

The research results are presented and a comparative assessment of the methods of no-till soil cultivation in the Karabakh Plain is given. The advantages and disadvantages of moldboard tillage, direct sowing and the effect of hoeing a plowed or milled field on the loss of NPK per 1 ha as a result of erosion were studied. The author concludes that direct seeding is one way to reduce erosion. This must be used along with other soil erosion control methods.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2023

Sadygov, S.

The article analyzes the use of the land fund of the Mugan-Salyan massif, the quality group of the lands, the sown area the reclamation-ecological condition on the basis of the collected materials.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2023

Belobrov, V.P. | Shapovalov, D.A. | Dridiger, V.K. | Yudin, S.A. | Ermolaev, N.R.

The origin of no-till technology in Russia, its spread and the main advantages in comparison with traditional agriculture, in which tillage types are used, are considered. The changes in the thickness of the A1 humus horizon, the A1+AB humus profile and boiling depth from 10% HCl were analyzed using no-till in typical, ordinary chernozem and chestnut soils of the Kursk, Voronezh regions and Stavropol Territory on the example of grain crop rotations in scientific experiments and production conditions over the period in 1-2 rotations of field crop rotations. The general and most effective soil protection role of no-till is associated with the obligatory leaving of crop residues on the soil surface after harvesting until they are completely decomposed, which leads to a decrease in physical evaporation and accumulation of moisture in the top soil. In conditions of atmospheric precipitation deficiency in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory, this stops water erosion and deflation. The protective function of crop residues in no-till in all objects is enhanced in the time cycle and space and depends on the zonal-regional conditions of soil formation and adherence to no-till technology. The tendency to restore degraded properties in no-till is an indicator of soil resistance to external natural and anthropogenic impacts. The methodology for assessing the impact of no-till is based on the use of data obtained as a result of field research and remote sensing, which together improves the control and quality of soil monitoring. | Рассматривается зарождение прямого посева (no-till) в России, его распространение и основные преимущества по сравнению с традиционным земледелием, в котором применяются обработки почв. Проанализированы изменения мощности гумусового горизонта А1, гумусированного профиля А1+АВ и глубины вскипания от 10% HСl при использовании прямого посева в типичных, обыкновенных черноземах и каштановых почвах Курской, Воронежской областей и Ставропольского края на примере зерновых севооборотов в научных опытах и производственных условиях за период в 1-2 ротации полевых плодосменных севооборотов. Общая и наиболее эффективная почвозащитная роль прямого посева связана с обязательным оставлением на поверхности почв растительных остатков после сбора урожая до их полного разложения, что приводит к снижению физического испарения и накоплению влаги в поверхностном слое почв. В условиях дефицита атмосферных осадков в засушливой зоне Ставропольского края это купирует водную эрозию и дефляцию. Защитная функция пожнивных остатков в прямом посеве во всех объектах усиливается во временном цикле и пространстве и зависит от зонально-региональных условий почвообразования и соблюдения технологии прямого посева. Тенденция к восстановлению свойств деградированных почв при прямом посеве является показателем устойчивости почв к внешним природным и антропогенным воздействиям. Методика оценки влияния прямого посева основана на использовании данных, полученных в результате полевых исследований и дистанционного зондирования земли, что в совокупности повышает контроль и качество мониторинга почв.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Sukhanovskij, Yu.P. | Prushchik, A.V. | Tarasov, S.A. | Vytovtov, V.A. | Arkhipov, A.S.

Comparative assessment of total humus content in the soil of two catchments was carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on contour-reclamation agriculture (Kursk region). The soil is a typical low-humus, heavy-loamy medium-sized chernozem, non-eroded and slightly eroded. The agroforestry landscape complex was located on one catchment area. The other catchment is a control one (without this complex). The method of key plots was used. А slope was selected at each catchment, on which two key plots are chosen: one at the top of the slope (the soil is not eroded), the other at the bottom of the slope (the soil is slightly eroded). Soil probes were sampled at the site in 4-fold repetition to measure the humus content in a layer of 0-20 and 0-50 cm. The sample of measured values was obtained for every plot and soil layer. Statistical analysis was carried out for the samples, including an assessment of the reliability of the difference in average values for different key plots. The measured values of humus characterize the soil state at a time interval after virgin land plowing. It is found: 1. At the control catchment in the soil layer of 0-20 cm, the difference in the humus content in the non-eroded and slightly eroded soil is unreliable (within the error margin); 2. At the same catchment area for the 0-50 cm soil layer, the humus content in the eroded soil is significantly higher by 5.7%. 3. At the catchment area with a set of measures for both soil layers, the humus content differences are unreliable. Conclusion: after plowing the virgin soil, erosion in plots with slightly eroded soil of the catchment area with agroforest landscape complex did not affect the humus content. | Сравнительная оценка содержания общего гумуса в почве двух водосборов проведена в многолетнем полевом стационарном опыте по контурно-мелиоративному земледелию (Курская область). Почва представлена черноземом типичным малогумусным тяжелосуглинистым среднемощным (неэродированный и слабоэродированный). На одном водосборе размещен агролесоландщафтный комплекс. Другой водосбор контрольный (без этого комплекса). Использован метод ключевых участков. На каждом водосборе выбран склон, на котором определены два ключевых участка: один вверху склона (почва неэродированная), другой – внизу склона (почва слабоэродированная). На участке в 4-кратной повторности отобраны образцы почвы для измерения содержания гумуса в слое 0-20 и 0-50 см. Для участка и слоя почвы получена выборка измеренных значений. Для выборок проведен статистический анализ, включая оценку достоверности разности средних значений для разных ключевых участков. Измеренные значения гумуса характеризуют состояние почвы через интервал времени после распашки целины. Установлено: 1. На контрольном водосборе в слое почвы 0-20 см разность содержания гумуса в неэродированной и слабоэродированной почве недостоверная (в пределах погрешностей); 2. На этом же водосборе для слоя почвы 0-50 см содержание гумуса в эродированной почве достоверно больше на 5,7%. 3. На водосборе с комплексом мероприятий для обоих слоев почвы разности содержания гумуса недостоверные. Вывод: после распашки целины эрозия на участках со слабоэродированной почвой водосбора с агролесоландшафтным комплексом не повлияла на содержание гумуса.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Antonov, S.A. | Peregudov, S.V.

The research aimed to develop a scientific and methodological approach to the analysis of the dynamics of water erosion based on GIS technologies and Earth remote sensing data using the fractal dimension index. This approach has been tested on the example of a local area of ploughed sloping lands such as Budennovsky polygon located on the territory of the Budennovsky district of the Stavropol Territory. The research was based on modern geoinformation technologies and Earth remote sensing data obtained in 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2022, using which a retrospective digital relief model of the study area was created. Images from the ALOS PULSAR and Sentinel-1 satellites, which are freely available, were taken as data sources, which significantly expanded the scope of their application. On the territory of the Budennovsky polygon, slopes of southern exposure prevail (28%), the average steepness of the slope is 2.3 degree, the presence of watercourses of 6 orders is typical. An increase in the value of the fractal dimension index (geometric complexity of the figure) was observed from 0.79 in 2007 to 0.86 in 2022, which indicates an increase in water erosion processes. Identification of territories where the growth of this indicator has been observed will make it possible to effectively plan anti-erosion measures, first, paying attention to areas with high dynamics of its growth. The proposed scientific and methodological approach can be applied in any agrarian region of Russia, considering the soil-climatic and morphometric features, since it allows to assess degradation processes quickly and reliably over vast areas. | Цель исследований - разработка научно-методического подхода к анализу динамики эрозионных размывов на основе ГИС-технологий и данных дистанционного зондирования Земли с использованием показателя фрактальной размерности. Этот подход апробирован на примере локального участка (полигон "Буденновский") распаханных склоновых земель, расположенного на территории Буденновского района Ставропольского края. В основу исследований положены современные геоинформационные технологии и данные дистанционного зондирования Земли за 2007, 2008, 2010 и 2022 гг., с использованием которых была создана ретроспективная цифровая модель рельефа территории исследования. В качестве источников данных были взяты снимки со спутников ALOS PULSAR и Sentinel-1, которые находятся в свободном доступе, что значительно расширяет сферу их применения. На территории полигона "Буденновский" преобладают склоны южной экспозиции (28%), средняя крутизна склона составляет 2,3 градуса, характерно наличие водотоков 6 порядков. Отмечен рост величины показателя фрактальной размерности (геометрической сложности фигуры) с 0,79 в 2007 г. до 0,86 в 2022 г., что свидетельствует об усилении процессов водной эрозии. Выделение территорий, на которых отмечен рост величины этого показателя, позволит эффективно планировать противоэрозионные мероприятия, в первую очередь, уделяя внимание участкам с высокой динамикой его роста. Предложенный научно-методический подход может быть применен в любом аграрном регионе России, с учетом почвенно-климатических и морфометрических особенностей, поскольку он позволяет оперативно и достоверно оценивать деградационные процессы на обширных территориях.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Triwanto J. | Muttaqin T. | Waskitho N.T. | Prasetyo Y.E.

The existence of land productivity is decreasing day by day, this is caused by the rate of erosion. The characteristics of agroforestry land those are not suitable for its designation will also result in decreased land productivity. Increasing the rate of erosion can make sedimentation in rivers and reservoirs more and more. Villages in the Pujon Malang sub-district include villages that are in landslide-prone areas and most of them are at high risk of landslides, droughts, and flash floods. This study aims to identify the value of erosion on agroforestry land based on the WEPP application and to identify the value of the classification of erosion hazard classes resulting from the erosion estimation using the WEPP application. Primary data collection in the field includes soil sample data in the form of soil texture, soil depth, albedo, percentage of sand, percentage of clay, percentage of organic matter, value, exchange capacity, % rock, and albedo. Secondary data in the form of rainfall data, topography, soil types, and land use. The total value of the erosion rate that occurred was 657,700 tons/ha. The total erosion value comes from 364.715 tons/ha for agricultural land, 8.898 tons/ha for agroforestry land as much as 283,200 tons/ha for settlements, and forest land for as much as 0.882 tons/ha. The total value of soil erosion that occurred was 657,700 tons/ha. The erosion value belongs to the Erosion Hazard Class V including very heavy erosion.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2022

Rustamov, Ya. | Khalilov, F. | Isaev, A. | Qozalzade, A.

The article summarizes the natural conditions of the Shirvan collector, which extends from east to west along the Kur-Araz lowland to the Caspian Sea and has a harsh arid climate. flow rate and mineralization rates of water entering from the right and left branches along the collector basin were determined. Depending on the degree of mineralization of water samples taken along the main Shirvan collector, conclusions were obtained on the possibility of using collector water in those areas. The results of field and laboratory analysis of soil samples taken from the characteristic areas were discussed and accurate information on their physical and chemical indicators was given. After studying the current condition of the soil and vegetation of these areas, it was considered expedient to implement phytomeliorative measures in the areas using mineral fertilizers.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2022

Gadieva, U.

In the article, the influence of the process of erosion on the physical and chemical properties of soil in Nagorny Shirvan is shown. In non-eroded soils, the main place among cations is occupied by Ca2+ cation, Mg2+ cation is much smaller than it, and Na+ is very insignificant. As the degree of erosion increased, the amount of Ca2+cation decreased. No drastic changes were observed in the Mg2+ cation. The Na+ cation increased as erosion increased, which in turn leads to soil compaction. The value of pH shows that the alkalinity of the soil actually increased without the development of erosion. This led to some weakening of soil fertility.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2022

N. D. Lepeshkin | V. V. Mizhurin | D. V. Zubenko | Н. Д. Лепешкин | В. В. Мижурин | Д. В. Зубенко

The article discusses the various basic methods of soil cultivation used on the slope lands of the Republic of Belarus. The best way is substantiated, taking into account the agrophysical properties of the soil, cultivated crops, crop rotation, slope angle and soil erosion resistance for the main cultivation of slope lands. The need for the development of an aggregate is substantiated, which would provide not only optimal conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops, but also prevent the development of erosion processes by retention and accumulation of moisture in the soil. | В статье рассмотрены различные основные способы обработки почвы, применяемые на склоновых землях Республики Беларусь. Обоснован лучший способ с учетом агрофизических свойств почвы, возделываемых культур, севооборота, угла склона и эрозионной устойчивости почвы для основной обработки склоновых земель. Обоснована необходимость в разработке агрегата, который бы не только обеспечивал оптимальные условия для роста и развития сельскохозяйственных культур, но и предупреждал развитие эрозионных процессов путем задержания и накопления в почве влаги.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus