AGRIS - 

2023

Motorin, A.S.

The study purpose is to establish the influence of the peaty-gley soil plowing depth on the water and temperature regime, as well as the yield of 'Nevsky' potatoes cultivated here. Field experiments were carried out in 2014–2016 in the Tarmanskoye lowland swamp located in the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. The experiment scheme: plowing to a depth of 0.22 m (control); plowing with extra plowing of the underlying peat mineral ground with a thickness of 0.05; 0.10; 0.15 m. The repetition is 4-fold. As a result of the study, a decrease in moisture capacity in a 0.2-meter layer of peaty-gley soil was established by 17.2–34.7%. This was facilitated by the enrichment of mineral ground during plowing to a depth of 0.27–0.37 m. At a depth of 0.2–0.4 m, moisture capacity increases by 5.5–13.4% due to the organic matter of peat. Deep plowing (0.37 m) ensured an increase in moisture reserves in the 0.5 m layer from 0.6 of the least moisture capacity (LMC) at the control (0.22 m) to the upper limit of the optimum (0.9 LMC). In the lower part of the soil profile (0.6–1 m), moisture reserves did not depend on the plowing depth. The maximum changes in soil temperature, increasing on average by 0.6–0.7 deg. C over the study years, were established in plots when plowing 0.15 m of mineral ground. The most significant differences in soil warming were noted in the first half of the growing season (1.1–1.2 deg. C). The yield of potato cultivated on peaty-gley soil at the plowing depth of 0.22 m on average over 3 years reached 26.69. As the plowing depth increases the yield rose as indicated below: 0.27 m – 29.15 t (9.2%); 0.32 m – 30.11 (12.8%); 0.37 m –32.45 t/ha (21.6%). The starch content in 'Nevsky' potato tubers obtained in the control plot was 11.3%, due to the plowing depth of 0.37 m it increased to 13.4%. It is concluded that the drained peat-clay soils are suitable for potato production, provided that a scientifically sound basic tillage system is followed. | Цель исследования – установить влияние глубины вспашки на водный и температурный режим торфянисто-глеевой почвы, а также на урожайность возделываемого на ней картофеля сорта Невский. Полевые опыты проводили в 2014–2016 гг. на низинном болоте Тарманское, расположенном в лесостепной зоне Северного Зауралья. Схема опыта: вспашка на глубину 0,22 м (контроль); вспашка с припашкой подстилающего торф минерального грунта толщиной 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 м. Повторность 4-кратная. В результате исследования установлено снижение влагоемкости в 0,2-метровом слое торфянисто-глеевой почвы на 17,2–34,7%. Этому способствовало обогащение минеральным грунтом при вспашке на глубину 0,27–0,37 м. На глубине 0,2–0,4 м влагоемкость увеличилась на 5,5–13,4% за счет органического вещества торфа. Глубокая вспашка (0,37 м) обеспечила увеличение запасов влаги в слое 0,5 м с 0,6 наименьшей влагоемкости (НВ) на контроле (0,22 м) до верхнего предела оптимума (0,9 НВ). В нижней части почвенного профиля (0,6–1,0 м) запасы влаги не зависели от глубины вспашки. Максимальные изменения температуры почвы установлены на делянках с припахиванием 0,15 м минерального грунта, где она увеличилась в среднем за годы исследования на 0,6–0,7 град. С. Самые существенные различия в прогревании почвы отмечены в первую половину вегетации (1,1–1,2 град. С). Урожайность картофеля на торфянисто-глеевой почве при глубине вспашки 0,22 м в среднем за 3 года достигала 26,69 т. По мере увеличения глубины вспашки урожайность возрастала: 0,27 м – 29,15 т (9,2%); 0,32 м – 30,11 (12,8%); 0,37 м – 32, 45 т/га (21,6%). Содержание крахмала в клубнях картофеля в контроле составляло 11,3%; при глубине вспашки 0,37 м оно увеличилось до 13,4%. Сделан вывод, что осушаемые торфянисто-глеевые почвы пригодны для производства картофеля при условии соблюдения научно обоснованной системы основной обработки почвы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Antsiferova, O.A. | Basargina, A.A., Kaliningrad State Technical Univ.

The studies were carried out in 2015 - 2016 in the Kaliningrad region. The key area lies within the Polesskaya lake-glacial lowland. Modern soddy gleyed soils of agrolandscape lowland plains have evolved from soddy-gley soils during their draining and water regime changes from stagnant (periodically water-saturated) to stagnant-washing. The change in the water regime is reflected in the morphological appearance of the soils: the depth of the reduced gley reduces, oxidized horizons saturated with iron hydroxide are formed, segregated horizons with Mn-Fe concretions and weak bleaching features (eluvial horizons) are formed. Spatial heterogeneity of soils is associated with formation of elementary soil combinations depending on the degree of hydromorphism and microrelief. Soddy gleyed drained soils on carbonate moraine loams differ from the zonal soddy-podzolic soils of high fertility. They are favorable for cultivation of legumes (clover, galega, alfalfa) in conditions of the Kaliningrad region. In abovementioned soils in 2016 the yields of the crops of the third year of use (mix of Eastern galega with cereal grasses) was 6–8 t/ha of air-dry phytomass. Factors that reduce yields are sub-arable water and plow soles. In closed depressions there is a complete loss of galega due to the effect of surface waterlogging and close groundwater occurrence in the initial period of growth. In the system of agroecological land typification, soddy gleyed soils belong to the group of semi-hydromorphic lands of subordinate elements of the landscape. Drainage melioration contributed to an increase in their productive potential and the possibility of agricultural use (field crop rotations, hayfields). The main condition for stable functioning of the studied soils is the effective regulation of surface and groundwater flow. | Исследования проведены в 2015-2016 гг. в Калининградской области. Ключевой участок находится в пределах Полесской озерно-ледниковой низменности. Современные дерновые оглеенные почвы агроландшафтов слабодренированных равнин эволюционировали из дерново- и перегнойно-глеевых почв при их осушении и изменении водного режима с застойного (периодически водонасыщающего) на застойно-промывной. Изменение водного режима отражается на морфологическом облике почв: понижается глубина залегания редуцированного глея, формируются вторично окисленные горизонты, насыщенные гидроокисью железа, образуются сегрегированные горизонты с Mn-Fe конкрециями и признаками слабого отбеливания (элювиальные горизонты). Пространственная неоднородность почв связана с формированием элементарных почвенных структур в зависимости от степени гидроморфизма и микрорельефа. Дерновые оглеенные осушенные почвы на карбонатных моренных суглинках отличаются от зональных дерново-подзолистых почв повышенным плодородием. Они благоприятны для выращивания бобовых культур (клевера, козлятника, люцерны) в условиях Калининградской области. На вышеописанных почвах в 2016 г. продуктивность посевов 3-го года пользования (смесь козлятника восточного со злаковыми травами) составила 6-8 т/га воздушно-сухой фитомассы. Факторами, снижающими урожайность, являются подпахотная верховодка и плужная подошва. В замкнутых микропонижениях происходит полный выпад козлятника из-за влияния поверхностного переувлажнения и близкого залегания грунтовых вод в начальный период роста. В системе агроэкологической типизации земель дерновые оглеенные почвы относятся к группе полугидроморфных земель подчиненных элементов ландшафта. Осушительная мелиорация способствовала увеличению их продукционного потенциала и возможности с.-х. использования (полевые севообороты, сенокосы). Основным условием стабильного функционирования изученных почв является эффективное регулирование поверхностного и грунтового стока.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Antsiferova, O.A., Kaliningrad State Technical Univ.

Studies were conducted in 2016 on two arable fields within the Kaliningrad region. The soil cover on the moraine lowland plains interfluve autonomous positions of the relief is represented by the micro-combinations of sod-podzolic gleysolic soils. Differentiation factors of the soil components are lithological conditions and relief. Uneven spatial position of the layer with heavy loams and clays within the soil profile has been revealed. This is the reason for differences in the moisture regime of soil components in combination. Productive moisture reserves are bigger in soils with deep underlying rocks (90 – 100cm). Heavy bedrock located close to the surface (40 cm) leads to a rapid loss of productive moisture in dry periods. The lack of moisture reduces the yield of fodder lupine. In the lower parts of the smooth riverside slopes, micro-combinations have been formed of sod gleyed soils with close occurrence of groundwater in combination with the moisture of the slope waters. The differences between the soil combinations components are strongly pronounced. Hydrologic conditions in the drained sod gleyed soils are favourable for the perennial legume grasses in a humid year. The root system of goat's rue dries out the soil. Sod-strongly gleysolic and gley soils are characterized by excessive productive moisture reserves of soil and perched waters. This negatively affects the yield of legumes. Spatial differences in productive moisture reserves in a meter thickness of sod-podzolic gleyed soils were 20 – 60 mm, for sod gleyed soils – 50 – 100 mm. In a humid year, sod-podzolic gleyed and sod-gleyed soils functioned in the moisture regime of periodic capillary moistening. Individual components of the combinations had a regime of maximum capillary moistening in wet periods. The moisture regime of sod-strongly gleyed and sod-gleyed soils is close to the type of watering impounding (constant presence of a capillary fringe in the profile). | Исследования проведены в 2016 г. на 2 пахотных полях в Калининградской обл. Почвенный покров низменной моренной равнины на междуречных автономных позициях рельефа представлен микрокомбинациями дерново-подзолистых глееватых почв. Факторами дифференциации почвенных компонентов в комбинации являются литологические условия и рельеф. Выявлено неравномерное пространственное положение пласта тяжелых суглинков и глин в пределах почвенного профиля. Это стало причиной различий режима влажности почвенных компонентов в комбинации. Запасы продуктивной влаги больше в почвах с глубоким залеганием подстилающей породы (90–100 см). Близкое расположение к поверхности тяжелой породы (с 40 см) приводит к быстрой потере продуктивной влаги в засушливые периоды. Недостаток влаги снижает урожайность кормового люпина. В нижних частях пологих приречных склонов сформировались микрокомбинации дерновых оглеенных почв при близком залегании грунтовых вод в сочетании с увлажнением намывными склоновыми водами. Различия между компонентами почвенных комбинаций ярко выражены. Гидрологические условия в осушенных дерновых глееватых почвах благоприятны для многолетних бобово-злаковых трав во влажный год. Отдельные периоды иссушения связаны с влиянием корневой системы козлятника. Для дерново-сильноглееватых и глеевых почв характерны избыточные запасы продуктивной влаги и почвенные верховодки. Это отрицательно сказывается на урожайности бобовых трав. Пространственные различия запасов продуктивной влаги в метровой толще дерново-подзолистых глееватых почв составили 20-60, в дерновых оглеенных почвах – 50-100 мм. Во влажный год дерново-подзолистые глееватые и дерново-глееватые почвы функционировали в режиме влажности периодического капиллярного увлажнения. Отдельные компоненты комбинаций имели режим максимального капиллярного увлажнения в сырые периоды. Режим влажности дерново-сильноглееватой и дерново-глеевой почв близок к типу обводнения (постоянное присутствие капиллярной каймы в профиле).

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2014

Zajdelman, F.R., Lomonosov Moscow State Univ.

Смоделирован процесс глееобразования в условиях застойного и застойно-промывного водного режима на разных типах почвообразующих пород. Показано, что единственной причиной образования почв со светлыми кислыми элювиальными горизонтами в верхней части их профиля является процесс глееобразования в тех случаях, когда он осуществляется в условиях застойно-промывного водного режима на кислых, нейтральных или выщелоченных породах любого гранулометрического состава, не содержащих сульфатов. Это создает предпосылки для активного выноса марганца, железа, алюминия, кальция, магния и др. металлов. Лессиваж играет факультативную роль в формировании светлых кислых элювиальных горизонтов, а глееобразование в условиях застойно-промывного режима есть не что иное, как одна из наиболее агрессивных форм кислотного гидролиза, возникающая в анаэробной среде. При этом наблюдается нарушение структуры почвы и утрата ее плодородия. Механизм образования светлых кислых элювиальных горизонтов универсален для почв разного генезиса и гранулометрического состава. | There has been simulated a process of gleyformation under stagnant and stagnant flushing water regime in various types of soil-forming material. It is shown that the only cause of formation of soils with bright acidic eluvial horizons in the upper part of the profile is the process of gleyformation, where it is carried out under conditions of stagnant-flushing water regime on acidic, neutral or leached rock any grain-size composition that does not contain sulfates. This predetermines the active removal of manganese, iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and other metals. Lessivage plays an elective role in the formation of bright acidic eluvial horizons and the gleyformation under conditions of stagnant-leaching regime are nothing but one of the most aggressive forms of acid hydrolysis in an anaerobic environment. In this case there is observed disturbance of soil and loss of its fertility. The mechanism of forming light acidic eluvial horizons is universal for soils of different genesis and any grain-size composition.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Krzyzaniak, M., University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz (Poland). Dept. of Environmental Development and Protection | Lemanowicz, J., University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz (Poland). Dept. of Soil Science and Protection

The research results have shown that the enzyme pH index (0.49-0.83) confirmed the neutral or alkaline nature of the soils. Neither the changes in the content of available phosphorus nor in the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil were due to the factors triggering soil salinity; they were a result of the naturally high content of carbon of organic compounds, which was statistically verified with the analysis of correlation between the parameters. There were recorded highly significant values of the coefficients of correlation between the content of available phosphorus in soil and the activity of alkaline (r = 0.96; P less than 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.91; P less than 0.05) as well as dehydrogenase (r = 0.90; P less than 0.05). To sum up, one can state that Mollic Gleysols in Inowroc³aw are the soils undergoing seasonal salinity; however, a high content of ions responsible for salinity is balanced with a high content of organic carbon, humus, phosphorus and calcium directly affecting the fertility of the soils analyzed. The activity of the enzymes depended on the natural content of carbon of organic compounds and not on the factors affecting the soil salinity, which points to the potential of such tests for soil environment monitoring.

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Library of Antonin Svehla - Czechia

2013

Vorobyev, V.B. | Grishchenko, I.Yu., Belarus State Academy of Agriculture, Gorki

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented data about the influence of humus rate of the soil and different doses of nitrogen fertilizer on cellulase activity of agricultural sod-podzolic light loamy soil, by the example of barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants. It was established that the examined factors influence productivity of grain, optimal level of humus and intensity of cellulose decomposition. There was also established that correlation dependence between the content of humus in the soil and productivity of barley grain as well as cellulase activity of the soil, has the form of parabola with a vertex, which corresponds to the optimal level of humus. In the range of humus content from 1.07 to 2.77% there was marked close curvilinear correlative dependence between the humus content in soil and productivity of barley. The dependence looks like a parabola with a top corresponding to the optimum humus content (1.63-2.11%). The optimum level of soil humus content in barley crops depends on a dose of nitrogenous fertilizer and increases with the additional foliar nitric fertilizing. Along with the process of increasing a dose of nitrogenous fertilizer there was marked the increasing in the intensity of fiber decomposition.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2013

Khatulev, I.N., Vitebsk Regional Planning and Surveying Station of Chemicals used in Agriculture, Vitebsk

In course of the research there was studied the effectiveness of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with micronutrient supplements in growing perennial legume-grass mixtures on sod-podzolic and gley loam soil in the Vitebsk region of the Republic of Belarus. The research was realized in 2010-2012 in the experimental base of the RUE 'Vitebsk Zonal Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Science of Belarus'. As a result of realized research it was revealed that use of new nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer forms with modifying additives (in doses N18-28P39-82K79-165) in the cultivation technology of perennial legume-grass mixtures of the first year, first and second year of use (for the first mowing grass) with the additional application of nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (N25-35K50) under aftermath was efficient farming practices, which provided increase the yield of green mass, dry matter and mineral fertilizer recovery. The influence of standard and complex fertilizers with modifying additives on crop yield of green mass and dry matter of legume-grass mixtures was presented in the table forms. Entering of liquid nitrogen and potassium fertilizer provided the increase in green mass yield on 24 t/ha, dry matter - 10.7 c/ha, payback of 1 kg NPK - 8.1 kg of green mass, 3.6 kg of dry matter in comparison with CAS on a background of PK. As part of legume-grass mixtures of the first year increased the equity participation of legume component (due to alfalfa (Medicago sativa)) to 53.6% (average of three hay crops), the second year of use - up to 63.0% in comparison with herbs of the first year (42%).

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Gudžić, S., Poljoprivredni fakultet, Lešak

Intensity of attack to ten winter wheat cultivars by the causal agents of leaf rust and septoria leaf blotch has been analyzed in this paper. The investigation was carried out in 2010/11, on the soil types as pseudogley, in the conditions of natural infection. The most resistant cultivars to leaf rust were Takovčanka, Gordana, Gora and Zvezdana. Attack intensity on the most susceptible cultivar Etida was 50%. Kruna was the most resistant cultivar to Mycosphaerella graminicola, because it suffered the attack intensity of 10%. The highest attack intensity was established in cultivars Pobeda, Angelina and Zvezdana, reaching 40%.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia

2012

Likhatsevich, A.P., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented results of research into the formation of water regime of coherent soils and melioration situation at the object in the agricultural production cooperative 'Mazolovski' in Mstislavl district of Mogilev region (Belarus). In course of the study there were developed and substantiated resource-saving methods of soil drainage for the reconstructed amelioration systems on the coherent material. There were shown the peculiarities of the function of drainage groove, absorbing wells and columns and fascine drainage on coherent soils, and observations of the water table, soil humidity, and drainage flow and melioration situation in 2008-2011. There was established the most efficient method of drainage during the period of observation. There were made conclusions and recommendations for the most efficient methods of drainage on coherent soils. It was not recommended to use fascine drainage for reconstruction of melioration systems on mineral coherent material because of its low drainage efficiency and evanescence.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Klebanovich, N.V., Belarus State Univ., Minsk

In course of the research there were studied humus peculiarities of podzols of Brest Polesye (Brest region of the Republic of Belarus). As a result of realized research there were revealed the data of content and composition of humus in the profile of podzols of the territory. They have much organic carbon, up to 10% in topsoil and have also second maximum of organic carbon in Bh horizon. Feature of the organic matter distribution in soils with illuvial-humus horizon in the research area was bimodal, with two peaks distribution of total organic carbon and non-hydrolysable residue. Fulvic-humate composition of the humus horizon was due to an increased content of fraction 1 humic acids. The value of Cha / Cfk significantly decreased down the profile, acquiring a distinct character of fulvic in illuvial-humus horizon, due to a significant increase in the fraction 1a fulvic acid, as well as a significant decrease in the proportion of fraction 1 humic acids.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus