AGRIS - 

2022

Vani Chandran | Ritu Chakravarty

Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) have shown to be an important way to improve the intake of safe and micro nutrient rich foods, particularly for households of Kerala. The productivity and profitability from a unit directly depends on the components adopted. Keeping this in mind, the present study was carried out with an objective to measure the extent of adoption of various components among the existing integrated farming system units of Kerala during 2021-22. Three districts Kollam, Thrissur and Kannur were selected randomly. From each district four panchayat were randomly selected and fifteen IFS units were selected randomly from each identified panchayat, thus making the total sample size 180 integrated farming system units. To measure the extent of adoption of available components in the IFS units, a composite index was developed. The result revealed that majority of the IFS farmers exhibited low level adoption of available components in their units and among the components, dairy and crop component had the highest adoption rate.

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Indian Council of Agricultural Research - India

2022

Шерматова, Гульчехра Джуманазаровна | Бобакулов, Хайрулла Мамадиевич | Нишанбаев, Сабир Зарипбаевич | Рахматов, Хасан Акрамович

Rumex confertus Willd. – sorrel is important in pharmacology and the food industry. It is used in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, as anti-helminth, anti-cyngotic, hemostatic, wound healing, vasoconstrictive, antitumor, in stomatitis, colds, as well as leaves are eaten. Rumex pamiricus Rech. f., is promising for introduction into the culture as a tanning plant. The study of their chemical composition is relevant for determining promising compounds for pharmacology. The purpose of the present work was to study volatile compounds by chromato-mass spectral analysis of essential oil isolated from the above ground part of Rumex confertus и Rumex pamiricus growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The dependence of the composition of essential oil on the region of growth of ether carriers, as well as its pharmaceutical value, determined the relevance of this work. As a result of studies carried out in the essential oil of Rumex confertus obtained by hydrodistillation method, 45 components were found, among which 1,2,3-propanetriol, diacetate (1.67%), benzenetanol (3.77%), 5-undecene 1-tridecanol (4.48%), 2-methoxy-4-vinyl High phytol content in Rumex confertus essential oil. allows considering the given plant as a source of this valuable biologically active compound. Fifteen compounds have been identified in Rumex pamiricus essential oil. The dominant components are 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (8.24%), nerolidol 2 (8.22%), triacetin (46.69%), cis-jasmone (4.68%). | Rumex confertus Willd. – конский щавель имеет важное значение в фармакологии и пищевой промышленности. Его применяют при заболеваниях желудочно-кишечного тракта, почек, как антигельминтное, противоцинготное, кровоостанавливающее, ранозаживляющее, сосудоукрепляющее, противоопухолевое, при стоматитах, простудных заболеваниях, а также листья употребляют в пищу. Rumex pamiricus Rech. f. перспективен для введения в культуру как дубильное растение. Исследование их химического состава актуально для определения перспективных соединений для фармакологии. Целью настоящей работы являлось исследование состава эфирного масла, полученного из надземной части Rumex confertus Willd. и Rumex pamiricus Rech. f., произрастающих в Республике Узбекистан, методом хромато-масс-спектрального анализа. Зависимость состава эфирного масла от региона произрастания эфироносов, а также его фармацевтическая ценность определили актуальность данной работы. В результате проведенных исследований в эфирном масле Rumex confertus Willd., полученном методом гидродистилляции, идентифицировано 45 компонентов, среди которых превалируют 1,2,3-пропанетриол, диацетат (1.67%), фенилэтиловый спирт (3.77%), 5-ундецен 1-тридеканол (4.48%), 2-метокси-4-винилфенол (7.88%), фитол (62.68%). Высокое содержание фитола в эфирном масле Rumex confertus Willd. позволяет рассматривать данное растение в качестве источника этого ценного биологически активного соединения. В эфирном масле Rumex pamiricus Rech. f., идентифицировано пятнадцать соединений. Основными компонентами являются 2-метокси-4-винилфенол (8.24%), неролидол 2 (8.22%), триацетин (46.69%), цис-жасмон (4.68%).

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2022

S. G. Prokushkin | A. E. Petrenko | O. A. Zyryanova | A. S. Prokushkin

The article notes the main sources of phytodetritus in undisturbed cryolithic larch forests of Central Evenkia. The features of the distribution of phytodetritus stocks and its individual components depending on the age of forest stands (young, mature and overmature) and forest types are considered. All these stands were formed on the territory of a small drainage basin in Central Evenkia after intensive ground fires in the early and last decades of the 20th century. An uneven distribution of litter stocks was revealed both in age groups and forest types. Significant annual fluctuations in litter stocks over 7-year observation period were also noted. The composition of the litter is dominated by needles – 84.8–93.2% of the total mass, while the branches and bark of larch (Larix Mill.) and birch (Betula L.) leaves account for only 3.0–3.2, 4.5–2.6, and 7.7–< 1 %, respectively. It was established that according to the degree of accumulation of phytodetritus in the main types of larch forests of the basin under consideration, they are arranged in the following descending order: ledum green moss, red berry green moss, shrub green moss. Litter stocks in them vary from 2.4 to 76.3 t/ha. The total stock of litter in the territory of the basin is 133038 tons, of which 103916 tons fall on larch forests, with a predominance of mature and overmature – 4966 and 61188 tons, respectively. In larch forests of the permafrost zone, phytodetritus is formed mainly due to the litter of the moss-lichen cover. The role of litter from aboveground organs and root mortmass is insignificant. In all cases, with an increase in the age of forest stands, an increase in the mass of the litter is observed. The role of individual components of phytodetritus in the deposition of biogenic elements was revealed, with a significant predominance of carbon and nitrogen in them and an insignificant content of phosphorus and potassium as additional sources of mineral nutrition in forest biogeocenoses of the permafrost zone, and a low rate of their entry into the soil in the process of detritus mineralization was noted.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2022

Aulov, V.F. | Rozhkov, Yu.N.

The purpose of the research is to the form and to explore material science of wear-resistant coatings of steel 40 that have been obtained by HDTV boronizing, and pre-modified by electrospark alloying (ESA) with a T15K6 electrode for increasing the coating thickness, and to study the effect of technological parameters of the combined ESA and thermodiffusion process (TDP) on the properties of the obtained coatings. Five types of specimens were studied when developing experimental studies of the modified surface layers of specimens made of medium carbon steel 40 by combining the ESA coating method and TDP and their properties. The special feature was both in changing the specimen material and in the TDP technology i.e. processing samples with ESA coatings not just by HDTV boronizing using the traditional technology, but with the use of alloying additives in the boronizing charge. The use of the method of hardening iron-carbon alloys by combining ESA and TDP expands the range and improves the enduring quality of highly loaded surfaces of various parts operating under abrasive wear conditions. The tests were performed on the test bench "Machine 1" on specimens without coatings (reference) and with various coatings. Metallographic studies were carried out in order to identify the microstructure. Comparative tests of the relative enduring quality of the coating material on steel 40 with the addition of Fe2Al5 intermetallic compounds to the main charge for high-speed boronizing with the reference specimen (steel 40) showed that the introduction of these additives increases the enduring quality by 4-5 times. The use of the method of strengthening iron-carbon alloys by combining the ESA and TDP makes it possible to increase the relative enduring quality of coatings up to 9.7 times versus non-hardened coatings. | Цель исследований – формирование и материаловедческие исследования износостойких покрытий, полученных при скоростном ТВЧ-борировании, стали 40, предварительно модифицированных электроискровым легированием (ЭИЛ) электродом Т15К6 для увеличения толщины покрытия, изучение влияния технологических параметров совмещенной обработки ЭИЛ + термодиффузионный процесс (ТДП) на свойства полученных покрытий. Развивая экспериментальные исследования измененных поверхностных слоев образцов из среднеуглеродистой стали 40 при совмещении ЭИЛ-метода нанесения покрытий и ТДП и их свойств, были исследованы 5 видов образцов. Особенность заключалась как в изменении материала образцов, так и в технологии ТДП – обработка образцов с ЭИЛ покрытиями не просто скоростным ТВЧ-борированием с использованием традиционной технологии, а с применением легирующих добавок в борирующую шихту. Использование метода упрочнения железоуглеродистых сплавов путем совмещения ЭИЛ и ТДП расширяет диапазон и способствует повышению износостойкости высоконагруженных поверхностей различных деталей, работающих в условиях абразивного изнашивания. Испытания выполнены на испытательном стенде "Машина 1" на образцах без покрытий (эталон) и с различными покрытиями. С целью выявления микроструктуры были проведены металлографические исследования. Сравнительные испытания относительной износостойкости материала покрытий на стали 40 с добавлением в основную шихту для скоростного борирования интерметаллидов Fe2Al5 с эталоном (сталь 40) показали, что введение этих добавок повышает износостойкость в 4-5 раз. Использование метода упрочнения железоуглеродистых сплавов путем совмещения ЭИЛ и ТДП позволяет повысить относительную износостойкость покрытий до 9,7 раз по сравнению с неупрочненными покрытиями.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Mikhajlenko, P.G. | Fedotova, O.B.

Роль полиолефиновых материалов возрастает из года в год. Их использование в составе упаковки обеспечивает высокую сохранность продукции, защищая от негативного влияния света, воды, загрязняющих элементов и др. Введение добавок в основу материала позволяет придавать ему определенные характеристики и свойства, улучшающие качество и эксплуатационные показатели. При поиске упаковки для продукта нужно учитывать влияние добавок-модификаторов на состояние упакованного продукта и его хранимоспособность. В частности, модификатор бетулин является антимикробной добавкой, мел и пищевая сажа выполняют фотозащитные и декоративные функции. Для жидких продуктов лучше использовать материалы, имеющие повышенную гидрофобность, для сухих – многослойные. От правильного выбора упаковки зависит то, как сохранится продукт, удастся ли избежать потерь в процессе хранения и потребления. Изучали влияние различных модификаторов на показатель смачиваемости полимерных пленок. Определяли краевой угол смачивания материалов молоком и йогуртом методом лежачей капли. На основании экспериментально полученных данных выбраны материалы, обладающие повышенной гидрофобностью, т.е. наиболее пригодные для упаковывания молока и йогурта. Это мелонаполненная пленка (краевой угол смачивания по молоку 89,91% и по йогурту 90,25%), черно-белая пленка (89,9 и 82,6%) и бетулинсодержащая пленка с концентрацией добавки 2% (91,38 и 90,41%). | The role of polyolefin materials is increasing from year to year. The use of them in packaging ensures high safety of products, protecting them from the negative effects of light, water, polluting elements, etc. The introduction of additives into the basis of the material allows to give it certain characteristics and properties that improve quality and performance. When looking for packaging for a product, you need to take into account the effect of these modifiers on the state of the packaged product and its storage capacity. For liquid products, it is better to use materials with increased hydrophobicity; for dry ones – multilayer materials. How the product will be preserved, whether it will be possible to avoid losses during storage depends on the correct choice of packaging. The effect of various modifiers on the wettability index of polymer films was studied. The contact angle of wetting materials with milk and yogurt was determined by the sessile drop method. Based on the data obtained, materials of increased hydrophobicity that are the most appropriate for milk and yogurt packaging were selected. It is chalk-filled film (contact wetting angle for milk 89.91%, for yogurt 90.25%), black-and-white film (89.9 and 82.6%), and betulin-containing film with additive concentration 2% (91.38 and 90.41%).

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Шерматова, Гульчехра Джуманазаровна | Бобакулов, Хайрулла Мамадиевич | Нишанбаев, Сабир Зарипбаевич | Рахматов, Хасан Акрамович

Rumex confertus Willd. – конский щавель имеет важное значение в фармакологии и пищевой промышленности. Его применяют при заболеваниях желудочно-кишечного тракта, почек, как антигельминтное, противоцинготное, кровоостанавливающее, ранозаживляющее, сосудоукрепляющее, противоопухолевое, при стоматитах, простудных заболеваниях, а также листья употребляют в пищу. Rumex pamiricus Rech. f. перспективен для введения в культуру как дубильное растение. Исследование их химического состава актуально для определения перспективных соединений для фармакологии. Целью настоящей работы являлось исследование состава эфирного масла, полученного из надземной части Rumex confertus Willd. и Rumex pamiricus Rech. f., произрастающих в Республике Узбекистан, методом хромато-масс-спектрального анализа. Зависимость состава эфирного масла от региона произрастания эфироносов, а также его фармацевтическая ценность определили актуальность данной работы. В результате проведенных исследований в эфирном масле Rumex confertus Willd., полученном методом гидродистилляции, идентифицировано 45 компонентов, среди которых превалируют 1,2,3-пропанетриол, диацетат (1.67%), фенилэтиловый спирт (3.77%), 5-ундецен 1-тридеканол (4.48%), 2-метокси-4-винилфенол (7.88%), фитол (62.68%). Высокое содержание фитола в эфирном масле Rumex confertus Willd. позволяет рассматривать данное растение в качестве источника этого ценного биологически активного соединения. В эфирном масле Rumex pamiricus Rech. f., идентифицировано пятнадцать соединений. Основными компонентами являются 2-метокси-4-винилфенол (8.24%), неролидол 2 (8.22%), триацетин (46.69%), цис-жасмон (4.68%). | Rumex confertus Willd. – sorrel is important in pharmacology and the food industry. It is used in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, as anti-helminth, anti-cyngotic, hemostatic, wound healing, vasoconstrictive, antitumor, in stomatitis, colds, as well as leaves are eaten. Rumex pamiricus Rech. f., is promising for introduction into the culture as a tanning plant. The study of their chemical composition is relevant for determining promising compounds for pharmacology. The purpose of the present work was to study volatile compounds by chromato-mass spectral analysis of essential oil isolated from the above ground part of Rumex confertus и Rumex pamiricus growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The dependence of the composition of essential oil on the region of growth of ether carriers, as well as its pharmaceutical value, determined the relevance of this work. As a result of studies carried out in the essential oil of Rumex confertus obtained by hydrodistillation method, 45 components were found, among which 1,2,3-propanetriol, diacetate (1.67%), benzenetanol (3.77%), 5-undecene 1-tridecanol (4.48%), 2-methoxy-4-vinyl High phytol content in Rumex confertus essential oil. allows considering the given plant as a source of this valuable biologically active compound. Fifteen compounds have been identified in Rumex pamiricus essential oil. The dominant components are 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (8.24%), nerolidol 2 (8.22%), triacetin (46.69%), cis-jasmone (4.68%).

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2022

Cong Wang | Cong Wang | Cong Wang | Xinyu Qiao | Zengli Gao | Lianzhou Jiang | Zhishen Mu

Dairy products have become more common in people's daily diets in recent years, and numerous useful components derived from milk are widely employed in the food industry. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a kind of film that encases milk fat globules, and has been shown to have a high nutritional value. In this work, the protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and other components of MFGM are discussed, and also common separation, preparation, and analysis technologies, physicochemical properties, and functional features of MFGM are reviewed, to provide some guidance for the development and utilization of MFGM.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2022

Shen, Yanling | Yu, Guoqi | Liu, Cong | Wang, Weidong | Kan, Haidong | Zhang, Jun | Cai, Jing

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal mortality and adverse birth outcomes. Fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) has been linked to HDP risk; however, limited studies have explored the relationships between specific chemical constituents of PM₂.₅ and HDP risk. Based on maternal data from the China Labor and Delivery Survey (CLDS), this study included a total of 67,659 participants from 95 participant hospitals in 25 provinces of China between March 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. Maternal exposure to total PM₂.₅ mass and six main components during pregestation and pregnancy were estimated using the Combined Geoscience-Statistical Method. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to quantify the associations, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. We found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM₂.₅ exposure during the second trimester was associated with a 14% increase in HDP risk (95% CI: 2%, 29%). We observed that black carbon (BC) and SO₄²– had larger or comparable estimates of the effect than total PM₂.₅ mass. The association estimates were greater in the gestational hypertension group than in the group of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Our findings suggest that PM₂.₅ exposure and specific chemical components (particularly BC and SO₄²–) were associated with an increased HDP risk in China.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2022

Hoi, Nguyen Dang | Dung, Ngo Trung

The natural-anthropogenic landscape is a form of a modern landscape, formed on the common foundation of the geocomplex in which human activities become a basic factor participating in the creation and development of the landscape. Analysing the diversity and structure of the natural-antropogenic landscape is the basis for the planning of economic development, especially the agro-forestry economy as well as the conservation of biodiversity. Phu Yen Province is a coastal province of central Vietnam, but the western area is mostly hilly, bringing a high division of natural conditions, along with the typical economic development activities associated with indigenous culture. It is a territory with a high differentiation of natural and anthropogenic conditions, which is the foundation for the formation of a system of natural-anthropogenic landscapes with high diversity, including 1 system, 1 subsystem, 3 classes, 5 subclasses, 9 types and 132 kinds of landscape. Based on the results of the field survey and analyzed structure of the outstanding landscape types for Phu Yen Province, including natural forests, plantation forests, annual agricultural crops and perennial industrial plants. Biodiversity is expressed in the natural forest landscape type group distributed in the Hinh River - Deo Ca area, with the division of species according to different high belt structures. The annual agricultural crops are distributed largely across the river valleys and Tuy An plain, Tuy Hoa city. The group of plantation forests landscape is distributed on the form of low mountainous terrain, Son Hoa basalt plateau, Hinh River. The perennial industrial plants are distributed largely in western Phu Yen Province, with popular crops being Litsea glutinosa, Hevea brasiliensis, and Piper nigrum. Analysing the characteristics and structures of landscape types allows us to assess the suitability of the landscape for natural and socioeconomic conditions, which is the foundation for the orientation of agro-forestry economic development and biodiversity conservation for Phu Yen Province.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2022

Rahman Dwi Wahyudi | Moses Laksono Singgih | Mokh Suef

Since the early 2000s, product–service systems (PSS) have become a research concern because the benefits provided cover many aspects. PSS is divided into three types, namely, Type 1: product-oriented, Type 2: use-oriented, and Type 3: result-oriented. PSS is a system comprising different components. As a system compiler, the components are the starting point for the value-creation process and continue to impact the PSS’s life cycle. However, elaboration of PSS components in previous studies has lacked. This situation indicates an urgent need to investigate PSS components and, thus, our evaluations of the value creation and the developmental processes of PSS seek to be broad and divergent. The investigation that forms the purpose of this article includes an elaboration of the PSS components, a calculation of the PSS components’ importance levels, statistical testing of the differences in importance levels due to PSS type, correlation testing between components, and a determination of the PSS components concerning the sustainability aspect based on the perspective of customers. The investigation began with the development of a questionnaire and a reliability–validity test. In addition, we identify the PSS components, test the difference in importance level using the Mann–Whitney test, and survey customers to determine the sustainability-related components. This article’s findings can be used to specify the critical point for value creation and PSS development. The elaborated PSS components are products, services, actors, stakeholder relationships, and technology. The difference in importance level indicates that PSS Type 2 customers perceive a distinction in the importance of technology. The essential components of each type of PSS are distinct, necessitating the use of different development strategies, including for sustainability aspects.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden