AGRIS - 

2015

Veziryan, A.A. | Anisimov, S.V., Milk Processing Plant "Stavropol'skij", Stavropol (Russian Federation) | Evdokimov, I.A. | Veziryan, V.A., North-Caucasian Federalal Univ., Stavropol (Russian Federation) | Karychev, R.Z, | Kelyashova, Yu.N.

Определена роль фосфолипидов (ФЛ) молока в обеспечении стабильности жировой фазы и в биохимических процессах при созревании сыров. Рассмотрены механизм действия различных типов фосфолипаз и функциональные свойства гидролизованных ФЛ. Приводятся экспериментальные данные применения препарата "YieldMax PL" при производстве натуральных и комбинированных сыров в условиях молочного комбината. При производстве сыра "Сулугуни" выявлено уменьшение содержания казеиновой пыли и жира в сыворотке опытных варок по сравнению с контрольными в среднем на 40%. Физико-химические показатели сыров в опытах и контрольных варках соответствовали стандартам. В среднем выход сыра увеличился на 8% (при расчете масса сыра скорректировалась по влаге с контролем). Негативного влияния ФЛ на ход технологического процесса, а также на органолептические показатели сыра не наблюдалось. Такой выход сыра в опытных варках не может быть обусловлен лишь большим переходом жира из молока, так как это привело бы к повышению массовой доли жира в опытных образцах. Поэтому существующие предположения об образовании в процессе гидролиза глицеринфосфолипидов молока комплексов с белками молока представляются вполне обоснованными. При этом наряду с образованием комплексов, модифицированных ФЛ с казеином, возможно также взаимодействие лизофосфолипидов с денатурированными сывороточными белками при участии ионов Са2+. При использовании препарата "YieldMax PL" в производстве полутвердых сычужных сыров также выявлена положительная динамика. При производстве сыра "Российский" увеличение выхода составило в среднем 4%. Исследования проводились с применением ультрафильтрации. В возрасте 60 дней опытный сыр по органолептическим показателям соответствовал контрольному образцу. | The role of milk phospholipids (PL) in the support of the fat phase stability and in the biochemical processes at cheese ripening is shown. Mechanisms of action of various types of the phospholipases and functional properties of the hydrolysed PL are shown. Experimental data about application of the preparation "YeildMax PL" for natural and combined cheese production at the milk plant are given. It was found that at the cheese "Suluguni" production level of casein fines and fat in whey after experimental cycle became lower as compared with that after control batch production on average by 40%. Physical-chemical characteristics of cheeses of both experimental and control operations corresponded to the standards. Cheese yield increased by 8% (When calculations were made cheese mass became correlated with the control sample by moisture). Negative impacts of PL on the technological process and also on organoleptic indices of cheese were not observed. Such cheese yield in the pilot production can not be explained only by large carry over of fat from milk as far as it would result in increase of the mass share of fat in experimental samples. That's why existing assumptions about formation in the process of hydrolysis of milk glycerolphospholipids of the complexes with milk proteins are quite substantiated. Also together with formation of the complexes modified with PL and casein interactions of lysophospholipids with denatured whey proteins with participation of the Ca2+ ions are possible. Positive dynamics was also established at application of the preparation "YeildMax PL" in the production of semi-hard rennet cheeses. The yield of the "Rossiiskii" cheese increased on average by 4%. The study was carried out using ultra-filtration. In the age of 60 days the experimental sample corresponded to the control sample by organoleptic characteristics.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2014

Sajtkhanov, Eh.O. | Kulakov, V.V. | Sajtkhanova, L.V., The P.A. Kostychev Ryazan State Agrotechnological Univ.

Some pathologies especially those concerning molecular and micro-structural changes in tissues and organs often do not have vivid morphological changes but can have an impact on biochemical properties of killing products. The tasks of the investigations have been studying the micro-structural, micro-biological and biochemical changes in pigs' lean and liver tissues in case of liver parenchymatous protein degeneration (LD). 22 samples of lean and liver tissues from animals having organoleptic deviations not typical for protein LD and same number of samples from healthy animals have been studied. As a result of histo-investigations it has been found that the lean tissue of animals having parenchymatous protein LD has been characterized by the visual hypertrophy of muscular fibers due to hyperplasia of ultra-structures and nucleuses that is connected with the more intensive metabolism. It has been determined that the proportional correlation of the lean tissue to connective tissue of healthy animals has been in average 4:1 and that of the sick ones - 6:1. According to the chemical investigations data the pigs' lean tissues parenchymatous protein LD has been less stable in the process of autolysis. In particular when storing for 2-5 days рН of the control samples has gone down in average by 0.02 units a day, whereas that of the experiment ones by 0.05 units. Moreover, the reaction to peroxydase in the experiment samples of the lean tissue has slowed down on the second day and has been negative on the fifth one. When conducting bacterioscopy it has been found that the number of microbes on the fifth day of storage has been 23 units, which has contradicted to the norms. On the basis of chemical and microbiological investigations it has been found that the animals' lean tissues degrades faster with parenchymatous protein LD as compared to that of the healthy animals. | Ряд патологий, в особенности молекулярных и микроструктурных изменений в тканях и органах, зачастую не проявляются яркими морфологическими изменениями, но способны отразиться на биохимических свойствах продуктов убоя. В задачи исследований входило изучение микроструктурных, микробиологических и биохимических изменений в мышечной ткани и ткани печени свиней при паренхиматозной белковой дистрофии печени (ДП). В качестве объектов исследований использовали 22 образца мышечной ткани и ткани печени от животных с нехарактерными для белковой ДП органолептическими отклонениями и аналогичное количество проб от здоровых животных. В результате гистологических исследований установлено, что мышечная ткань животных с паренхиматозной белковой ДП характеризовалась визуальной гипертрофией мышечных волокон за счет гиперплазии ультраструктур и ядер, что связано с более интенсивным обменом веществ. Установлено, что пропорциональное соотношение мышечной ткани к соединительной у здоровых животных составляло в среднем 4:1, а у больных 6:1. По данным химических исследований, мышечная ткань свиней при паренхиматозной белковой ДП менее стабильна в процессе аутолиза. А именно, при хранении с 2 до 5 суток рН контрольных проб снижался в среднем за сутки на 0,02 ед., а опытных – на 0,05 ед. Кроме того, реакция на пероксидазу в опытных образцах мышечной ткани на 2 сутки протекала с задержкой, а на 5-е сутки была отрицательной. При проведении бактериоскопии установлено, что количество микробных клеток на 5-е сутки хранения составляло 23 единицы, что не отвечало нормативным требованиям. По данным химических и микробиологических исследований установлено, что мышечная ткань животных при паренхиматозной белковой ДП подвергается разложению быстрее, чем мышечная ткань здоровых животных.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Skorykh L.N., SNIIZHK

There are evaluated the economically useful features of animals using blood biochemical parameters. The most interesting are such blood metabolites as total protein and its fractions. Identified objective laws allow making a conclusion about more active inclusion and intensive use of blood metabolites in the metabolic processes of hybrid animals, thereby creating the conditions for better growth and development. Since blood biochemical parameters in animals of different genotypes were within the physiological norm, then the identified metabolites blood relationship with productivity is an objective informative criterion for evaluation of the sheep productive capacity at an early age.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Gadzhiev Z.K., State Scientific Institution Stavropol Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage Production | Mamontova T.V., State Scientific Institution Stavropol Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage Production

The goat breeding for the Karachai-Circassian Republic is one of the traditional branches of the animal husbandry, which is primarily due to the unique natural conditions and the presence of indigenous breeds of animals. The aim of the researches was to determine the polymorphic systems of blood proteins and enzymes in Karachai indigenous goats using electrophoretic separation: for hemoglobin (Hb), transferrin (Tf), serum arylesterase (AEs), alkaline phosphatase (Ap). Based on the research results of the Karachai native goats' allele pool, it is clear that this population is disappearing and needs carrying out of tough selection under constant genetic control to increase the number of heterozygous individuals and to keep this goat breed.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Shantyz, A.Kh. | Romashchenko, S.V., Kuban State Agrarian Univ., Krasnodar

The main purpose of the study was the experimental estimation of the biological activity of preparation Jodovet during the artificial hypothyroidism in laboratory animals. Researches were conducted on 20 outbred white rats, selected by the principle of pair-analogues. Animals were divided into three groups. The experiment consisted of two stages. The first one was creation of the model of hypothyroidism by the preparation Merkazolil in animals from the 2nd and 3d groups. At the second stage of the experiment animals from the 3d group were fed by preparation Jodovet. The influence of the thyroid stabilizer and iodine-polymeric compound on the hematologic, biochemical indices and on the level of thyroid hormones in blood of rats was established. At the first stage of studies (22 days from the beginning of experiment) with hypothyroidism, first of all, the level of thyroxine reduced from 11.43 nano mole/l in the control to 4.25 nano mole/l in the experiment (p 0.05); and also the level of triiodothyronine reliably decreased from 1.97 to 1.59 nano mole/l respectively (p 0.05). At the same time the quantity of erythrocytes decreased to 14.03% (p 0.05), the quantity of leukocytes increased by 54.5% (p 0.05), total protein grew by 6.5% (p 0.05), ALT(alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase ) reduced by 16.5% and 26.9% (p 0.05) in comparison with control animals. The application of the preparation Jodovet promoted the restoration of abnormal morphological and biochemical indices of blood in the 3d experimental group. Erythrocyte amount and hemoglobin increased. The biochemical indices improved, which was a sign of metabolic processes restoration. The content of tetra- and triiodothyronine increased in rat blood with simultaneous decrease in the thyrotropic hormone. Thus, the obtained results show that the artificially caused pathology of the thyroid gland can be corrected by the new iodine polymeric preparation | Основная цель исследования – экспериментальная оценка биологической активности препарата йодовет при искусственном гипотиреозе на лабораторных животных. Исследования проводили на 20 беспородных белых крысах, подобранных по принципу пар-аналогов, животных разделили на три группы. Эксперимент состоял из двух этапов. Первый – создание модели гипотиреоза с помощью препарата «мерказолил» у животных 2 и 3 группы. На втором этапе опыта особям 3 группы скармливали препарат «йодовет». Определяли влияние тиреостатика и йодополимерного соединения на гематологические, биохимические показатели и уровень гормонов щитовидной железы в крови крыс. На первом этапе исследований (22 сут. от начала эксперимента) при гипотиреозе в первую очередь снижался уровень тироксина с 11,43 нано моль/л в контроле до 4,25 нано моль/л в эксперименте (р0,05), а также достоверно уменьшался уровень трийодтиронина с 1,97 до 1,59 нано моль/л соответственно (р0,05). Одновременно, по сравнению с контрольными животными, количество эритроцитов сокращалось на 14,03% (р0,05), лейкоцитов – увеличивалось на 54,5% (р0,05), содержание общего белка возрастало на 6,5% (р0,05), АЛТ (аланинаминотрансфераза) и АСТ(Аспартатаминотрансфераза) – уменьшалось на 16,5 и 26,9% (р0,05). Применение йодполимерного препарата «йодовет» в третьей опытной группе способствовало восстановлению отклонившихся от нормы морфологических и биохимических показателей крови. Увеличилось количество эритроцитов и гемоглобина. Произошли положительные сдвиги в биохимических показателях, что можно расценивать как признак восстановления обменных процессов. В крови крыс повысилось содержание тетра- и трийодтиронина с одновременным снижением тиреотропного гормона. Полученные результаты показывают, что искусственно вызванная патология щитовидной железы подвергается коррекции с помощью нового йодполимерного препарата

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Krapivina, E.V. | Bobkova, G.N. | Ivanov, D.V. | Krivopushkin, A.V., Bryansk State Agricultural Academy

The influence of probiotic tetralaktobakterin per head on microbiocenosis of colon and biochemical blood indicators have been studied. Calves of black-and-white breed from birth to 15-day age drank probiotic tetralaktobakterin every day in a dose of 20 ml per head. It was established that the use of probiotic contributes to optimization of colon microbiocenosis. In the colon it have been evidenced statistically significant increase of bifidobacteria by 18.56%, the trend to the growth of Lactobacilli by 6.60%. At the same time there are conditions which prevent reproduction of enterobacteriaceae genus Citrobakter. They are able to emit enterotoxins. Changes of colon microbiocenosis under the influence of probiotic tetralaktobakterin contributed to increasing of activity of the humoral immune system. The increase in serum of beta-globulin content (by 36.8%, P 0.05) and gamma-globulin (at 110.19 %, P 0,05) indicates this fact. Taking into account the more intensive increase in ALT activity in comparison with the AST in the blood serum of calves receiving the drug, can be thought of as increasing metabolic activity, as well as a superior anabolic effect tetralaktobakterin | Исследовано влияние пробиотика тетралактобактерина на микробиоценоз толстого кишечника и биохимические показатели крови, характеризующие гомеостаз. Тетралактобактерин ежедневно выпаивали телятам черно-пестрой породы с рождения до 15-суточного возраста в дозе 20 мл/гол. Установлено, что применение пробиотика способствовало оптимизации микробиоценоза толстого кишечника телят. Наблюдали в содержимом толстого кишечника достоверно значимое повышение числа бифидобактерий на 18,56%, тенденцию роста количества лактобактерий на 6,60%; сложились условия, препятствующие размножению энтеробактерий рода Citrobakter, способных выделять энтеротоксины. Изменения микробиоценоза кишечника у телят под воздействием пробиотика тетралактобактерина способствовали повышению активности гуморального звена иммунной системы, на что указывает увеличение в сыворотке крови содержания бета-глобулинов (на 36,8%, Р 0,03) и гамма-глобулинов (на 110,19%, Р 0,03). Учитывая более интенсивное увеличение активности АлАТ по сравнению с АсАТ в сыворотке крови телят, получавших препарат, можно говорить как о повышении активности метаболизма, так и о преимущественно анаболическом воздействии тетралактобактерина

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Perevaryukha, T.Yu., Astrakhan State Technical Univ.

With the help of the methods of immunochemical analysis the antigenic composition of serum proteins of the seasonal races of sturgeon Acipenser stellatus in the Volga and Ural rivers has been studied. The antigens of serum proteins of sturgeon with normal homo- and heteroantiserums are immunoelectrophoretically differentiated into 20-21 components. The cross absorption of antiserum has revealed the presence of specific antigens. Spring Volga sturgeon differs from winter sturgeon in one antigen, which is referred to a2-globulin. Beside winter sturgeon has no specific antigens. The antigen found in spring Volga sturgeon is also discovered in spring race of Ural sturgeon. The revealed antigen is peculiar to fish of both sexes and is found both in sea and river periods of life. The conclusion on the possibility to distinguish the sturgeon of the different races by presence or absence of this antigen and thereby control the population structure of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea basin has been made

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Mungin, V.V.

On Precoce sheep of different sex, age and physiological state conducted were physiological and production experiments at farms in Mordovia. Based of the study of the fatty acid spectrum and acid ratios of rations, organs and tissues in sheep the optimum level of fat, linolic acid and the ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids was established in the ratios of yeld, pregnant, ewes with lambs at foot and young sheep. Feeding rations effective in fat, linolic acid and fatty acid ratio increases the gain of body weight in yeld ewes by 28.3%, pregnant – 34.9%, lactating – by 36.0%, female lambs – by 13.0%, buck rams – by 12.3% and in gelt rams – by 11.7%; it reduced feed consumption and increases hair growth, respectively. Also, optimization of these parameters in the ration promotes improving the digestibility of nutrients: in yeld, pregnant ewes and ewes with lambs of dry matter (by 2.5-3.46%) and organic substance (by 1.78-3.48%), cellulose (by 2.5-3.46%) and NES (2.15-3.20%), in young female lambs, buck rams and gelt rams – by 2.57-2.88; 2.59-2.903; 2.30-4.39 and 2.92-3.31%, respectively. The fertility of ewes increases by 13.4%, milking capacity - by 14.5%. The content of fat and protein in milk is by 0.22 and 0.18%; slaughter yield in female lambs – by 2.1%, buck rams – 1.8, gelt rams – 1.2%, meatiness – by 0.26; 0.43 and 0.28 kg, respectively. The optimization of the level of fat, linolic acid, the ratio of saturated and unsaturated acids by including in sheep rations feeds containing 8-10% of fat promotes gaining an additional income from sheep.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2007

Cherepchenko, E.O. | Bezborodov, E.N., Belgorod State Agricultural Academy

The immunological activity of timogen was evaluated for ovary hypofunction in cows caused with dysfunction hypothalamo-pituitary axis and adrenal cortex. The dynamic of steroid hormones is determined: estradiol-17-beta, progesterone and cortisol in blood serum of cows before and after administration of timogen (at days 5, 10 and 18), as well as hematological values including blood biochemistry. Timogen administered at the dose of 20.0 ml/head/day for 10 days promoted reducing the level of progesterone (by 59%) and increasing cortisol – by 48.5% without influencing estradiol. The biocorrecting effect of tiomogen blocking twice the activity of progesterone stimulated folliculogenesis, at the same time increasing the concemtration of cortisol. It testified to an effect of the immunomodulator through hypophysis on adrenal cortex. Cortisol inhibited the development of an inflammatory process in cows" ovaries due to the stimulation of secretion with lypocortin monocytes. An analysis of hematological values has found a stimulating effect of timogen on cellular and humoral immunity of cows. The observation of sexual cycle after the administration of timogen to cows has shown that 60% of animals come in estrus in 15 days after completion of the timogen treatment and were impregnated. Timogen can be used as a therapeutic and prophylactic preparation for infertility of cows with ovary hypofunction.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2007

Bezborodov, P.N., Belgorod State Agricultural Academy

A simplified method is proposed to diagnose adipose degeneration of liver (ADL) based on measuring the concentration of cholesterol and serous activity of aspirate-amino transferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl-dehydrogenase (GGT) and glutamyl-dehydrogenase (GLDH) in cows with left-handed (LAB) and right-handed abomasum blockage (RAB). A pre-operational examination of 23 lactating German Black-and-White cows has found 70% of animals with adipose degeneration confirmed by surgical treatment. The average level of cholesterol in blood serum in cows was lower than normal by 35%, with RAB – by 16.7% and equal in the control. A reduced concentration of cholesterol by 25% should be regarded as a threat of emerging hepatic dysfunction. The average level of serous activity of AST, GGT and GLDH in cows with ADL and LAB was: 209, 45.722 and 71.913 unit/l; with RAB – 248.333, 86.055 and 128.525 unit/l. The real influence of a type pf abomasum blockage on the serous activity was observed. In cows with LAB the enzymic activity of AST was twice higher, GGT – by 38% and GLDH – 5.1 times; in cows with RAB – 2.4, 2. 6 and 9.1 times, respectively. The average values of activity of AST, GGT and GLDH testifying to hepatic dysfunctions are 115, 33 and 27 units/l, respectively. The results obtained testify to activation of the hemogenic function of liver. It is recommended to perform palpation of liver as a prognostic ADL test besides biochemical blood tests during medical examination of cows; for diagnosis of LAB and RAB – to perform instrumental percussion in the region of 12-23 rib pairs of left abdominal wall and pressure percussion.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation