AGRIS - 

2023

Shatashvili, T.A. | Badekin, M.Yu. | Ivakhnenko, N.N. | Konoplin, N.A.

The shortage of fresh water resources has stimulated the use of treated wastewater in micro-irrigation systems. The main purpose of the research is to predict the turbidity at the outlet in sand-filled filters working with regenerated effluents using Gaussian processes in combination with the LBFGSB parameter optimization method. The work has been carried out according to an innovative methodology that combines the approach of regression of Gaussian processes with the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb optimization algorithm with limited memory in order to predict the turbidity parameter of water at the outlet of sand-filled filters used in micro-irrigation systems. The order of significance of the variables involved in predicting "Turbidity" parameter at the outlet of sand filler filters has been established. In particular, the input variable "Turbidity" can be considered to be the most important parameter in making a forecast. The methodology used in the work can be successfully applied to other filtration processes with the same or different types of filter material, but the characteristics of each filter and experiment must always be taken into account. | Нехватка ресурсов пресной воды стимулировала применение очищенных сточных вод в системах микроорошения. Основная цель исследований – спрогнозировать мутность на выходе в фильтрах с песчаным наполнителем, работающих с регенерированными стоками, с использованием гауссовских процессов в сочетании с методом оптимизации параметров LBFGSB. Работа выполнена по инновационной методологии, сочетающей подход регрессии гауссовых процессов и алгоритма оптимизации Бройдена-Флетчера-Гольдфарба с ограниченной памятью с целью прогнозирования параметра мутности воды на выходе из фильтров с песчаным наполнителем, используемым в системах микроорошения. Установлен порядок значимости переменных, участвующих в прогнозировании параметра "Мутность" на выходе из фильтров с песчаным наполнителем. В частности, входная переменная "Мутность" может считаться наиболее важным параметром при проведении прогноза. Применяемая в работе методология может быть успешно использована для других процессов фильтрации с аналогичными или разными типами фильтрующего материала, но при этом всегда необходимо учитывать характеристики каждого фильтра и эксперимента.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Lyubomyr Haidamaka

Nitrate filters are widely used in various sectors of the national economy for the purpose of stable degradation of nitrates without complex technological changes and control, as well as for obtaining, for practical use, water free from impurities of various polluting substances. The relevance of the stated research topic is determined by the wide use of filters in various areas of water conditioning in order to improve the quality of consumed water, as well as the need to develop methods for qualitative measurements of the optimal time parameters for the water residence in the denitrification filter when using it. The purpose of this research work is the practical development of methods for measuring the optimal time for the water residence in a denitrification filter, in order to find optimal opportunities for eliminating harmful and polluting substances from water used for domestic and industrial needs. The methodology of this research involves the use of a combination of methods for the systematic study of practical application issues of denitrification filters in water purification systems, using the method of qualitative analysis of water conditioning problems that are important with reference to the need to obtain high-quality water in volumes sufficient to meet the current domestic and industrial needs. The results of this research work are of great importance from the point of view of studying the problematic issues of determining the optimal time parameters for the water residence in modern filters, in order to achieve optimal indicators of the cleaning quality. The results and conclusions of this research are of considerable practical value for water filter designers, solving practical problems of creating high-quality denitrification filters, as well as for ordinary users, for whom the issues of water purification for its further practical application are of great importance

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2022

V. Mikheev | I. Mikheeva | P. Mikheev | В. П. Михеев | И. В. Михеева | П. В. Михеев

With account of water consumption for breathing and removal of fish metabolic products and the nature of water use the modern pool facilities fall into five types. The niches occupied by microorganisms are studied. There are specified the ratings for use of semisubmersible rotating biological filter. | С учетом расхода воды на дыхание и удаление продуктов обмена рыб, характера водоиспользования современные бассейновые установки разделены на 5 типов. В них рассмотрены ниши микроорганизмов. Даны нормативы для эксплуатации полупогружного вращающегося биофильтра.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2021

I. A. Saranov | S. I. Niftaliev | V. V. Toroptsev | I. A. Kuznetsov

The increased interest in ultrafiltration technology in the last decade is caused by the search for new purification methods that allow obtaining high-quality drinking water that meets modern regulatory requirements. Modern water purification schemes use an ultrafiltration unit before reverse osmosis in softening, desalination and demineralization of water for food production. The pore size of ultrafiltration membranes ranges from 5 nm to 0.05-0.1 microns. Using ultrafiltration instead of the traditional water treatment scheme, makes it possible to obtain water with a low content of suspended and colloidal substances, increase the productivity and serviceability of reverse osmosis membranes. The water treatment scheme may contain the following modules: coarse filter; ultrafiltration unit, buffer tank; mixer; water container; reverse osmosis installation; pumps. The method of differential scanning microscopy is used to assess the quality of water during its purification. Water samples were cooled with liquid nitrogen to -30 ? and then heated to 30 ?. Crystals melting peaks were recorded on the DSC curves, and the thermal effect was calculated. During the water purification process, the value of the thermal effect of frozen water samples melting declines (from 515.1 to 261.2 J / g), the value of the temperatures at the onset (from 0.7 to -0.13 ?) and at the peak of crystal melting (from 7.45 up to 4.27 ?). The difference between the heat effect data for water samples after coarse filtration and ultrafiltration is small, which indicates that the ultrafiltration unit allows cations and anions to pass through, which preserves the salt balance of water.

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2020

Lamskova, M.I.

Сylinder-conic pressure hydrocyclones are characterized by high performance and efficiency of removing mechanical impurities (MI) from water. They have relatively small size and low cost as well as low operational costs. It makes the use of them promising for water treatment unit in the circulating water distribution systems of national and foreign industry. The purposes of the research are to develop a filtering hydrocyclone and to show the impact of the flow rate and size of the sand pipe on the separated capacity the apparatus during water cleaning. The presented construction with a filter drain pipe allows to increase rate of removing MI including the smallest suspended particles. During the experiment, the technological and construction parameters of PH-100 hydrocyclone with various drain pipes constructions are providing the maximum water cleaning efficiency. The graphical-analytic solution of the regressive equations has allowed to establish that a hydrocyclone with a solid side wall of drain pipe provides the maximum degree of MI removing from water. It has the level of 85.4% at 6.5 m3/hour flow rate and sand pipe diameter of 12 mm. The replacing a drain pipe of a typical design with a drain pipe having filtering side surface provides the higher efficiency of water cleaning that can reach up to 96.4% at the same flow rate and diameter of the sand pipe./Цилиндроконические напорные гидроциклоны характеризуются высокими показателями производительности и эффективности очистки воды от механических примесей (МП) при относительно небольших размерах и стоимости, низких ресурсозатратах на эксплуатацию. Это делает перспективным их использование в качестве узла водоподготовки в циркуляционных водораспределительных системах отечественной и зарубежной промышленности. Цель исследований – разработка конструкции фильтрующего гидроциклона и оценка влияния расходной характеристики и размера пескового патрубка на разделительную способность аппарата в процессе очистки воды от МП. Представленная конструкция с фильтрующим сливным патрубком позволяет повысить показатели очистки воды от МП, в том числе за счет улавливания мельчайших взвесей. В результате экспериментальных исследований установлены технологические и конструктивные параметры работы гидроциклона типа ГНС-100 с различным исполнением сливного патрубка, обеспечивающие максимальную эффективность очистки воды от МП. Графоаналитическое решение полученных регрессионных уравнений позволило установить, что гидроциклон со сплошной боковой стенкой сливного патрубка обеспечивает максимальную степень очистки на уровне 85,4% при расходе 6,5 м3/ч и диаметре пескового патрубка 12 мм. Замена сливного патрубка типовой конструкции на сливной патрубок с фильтрующей боковой поверхностью обеспечивает повышение общей степени очистки воды от МП до 96,4% при тех же параметрах расхода и диаметра пескового патрубка.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Strel'bitskaya, E.B. | Solominа, A.P.

The necessity of special technological procedures of water cleaning and waste water cleaning constructions due to the volume, chemical composition and degree of the drain flow pollution (including priority substances) was presented., The issues of regulatory constraints for irrigation water quality were analyzed to reduce the negative impact on natural reservoirs and rivers during water disposal. Based on information materials and practical results of specialized institutes, the ways of special sorbent filters (SF) and basic technical characteristics of ones intended for drainage water quality improving inside the local facilities in Non-Chernozem zone of Russia were presented. The formulas to calculate the main technological parameters and compositions of sorption materials were given. It provides cleaning effect of 85-98%, and also simplification of cleaning due to local natural raw materials using. The engineering design solution increasing SF efficiency in melioration systems by proportional drainage water interactions to the total volume of sorption-filtering loading was proposed. | Обоснована необходимость применения определенных технологических схем очистки и конструкций очистных сооружений в зависимости от объема, динамики химического состава и степени загрязнения дренажного стока (включая приоритетные загрязняющие компоненты). Для снижения негативного воздействия на водоемы и реки в процессе водоотведения, рассмотрены вопросы ограничений, предъявляемых нормативными требованиями к качеству очищаемой воды для ее внутрисистемного повторного использования в орошении. На основе анализа информационного материала и практических результатов исследований институтов отрасли, представлены варианты использования определенных конструкций сорбционно-фильтрующих узлов (СФУ) и их основные технические характеристики для внутрисистемного улучшения качества дренажно-сбросных вод в составе локальных очистных сооружений на гидромелиоративных системах Нечерноземья России. Приведены формулы расчета основных технологических параметров и композиции сорбционного материала, обеспечивающие эффект очистки от 85% до 98%, а также упрощающие очистку за счет использования местного природного сырья. Предложено инженерно-конструктивное решение для повышения эффективности работы СФУ в составе гидромелиоративных систем за счет обеспечения равномерного взаимодействия дренажной воды со всей массой сорбционно-фильтрующей загрузки путем выравнивания динамического напора потока дренажной воды на фильтрующий материал.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Bryndina, L.V. | Korchagina, A.Yu., Voronezh State Forestry Univ.

Сточные воды агропромышленных комплексов богаты органическими компонентами. Наиболее универсальной считается их биологическая очистка. Она обеспечивает высокую скорость протекания процессов биодеструкции загрязнений. Но из-за высокой концентрации поступающих загрязнений микробиом активного ила может снизить свою очищающую способность. Для эффективного разложения таких соединений необходима высокая скорость аэрации, так как в составе активного ила преобладают аэробные микроорганизмы. Часто в реальных условиях времени на окисление этих веществ микробными сообществами недостаточно. Этот дисбаланс между поступающими органическими веществами и окисленными микробиотой активного ила приводит к росту нитчатых бактерий, являющихся одной из причин вспухания активного ила. Было исследовано влияние высоких концентраций загрязняющих веществ в сточных водах на консорциум микроорганизмов активного ила. Объектами исследования были сточные воды и активный ил предприятий АПК г. Воронежа, микробиом кишечника свиней. Анализ физико-химического состава сточных вод проводили по стандартным методикам. Состав бактериоценоза активного ила, микробиома кишечника свиней определяли стандартными методами посева в жидкие и плотные питательные среды. Установлена корреляционная зависимость между снижением концентрации загрязняющих веществ и регенерацией биоценоза активного ила. Снижение общего уровня загрязнения исходных стоков по химической потребности в кислороде на 59,8% привело к увеличению численности флокулирующих микроорганизмов на 41,7%. Благодаря активизации гетеротрофных микроорганизмов наблюдалась глубокая деструкция аминного азота (99%) и фосфора (71,4%). | Wastewater from agro-industrial complexes is rich in organic components. Biological method is considered to be the most universal for their purification. It provides a high rate of biodegradation of pollution. But due to the high concentration of incoming pollutants, activated sludge microbiome can reduce its cleaning ability. High aeration rate is required for the effective decomposition of such compounds, since aerobic microorganisms predominate in the activated sludge. Under real conditions, the time for the oxidation of these substances by microbial communities is often insufficient. This imbalance between incoming organic matter and oxidized activated sludge microbiota leads to the growth of filamentous bacteria, which is one of the reasons of activated sludge swelling. The influence of high concentrations of pollutants in wastewater on a consortium of microorganisms of activated sludge was investigated. The study objects were wastewater and active sludge of the agro-industrial enterprises of the Voronezh-city, porcine intestinal microbiome. Physical and chemical composition of the wastewater was carried out according to standard methods. The composition of the activated sludge bacteriocenosis and pig intestine microbiome were determined by standard methods of inoculation in liquid and solid nutrient media. A correlation between the decrease in the concentration of pollutants and regeneration of activated sludge biocenosis has been established. A 59.8% decrease in the overall contamination level of source effluents as to chemical requirement for oxygen led to an increase in the number of flocculating microorganisms by 41.7%. Deep destruction of amine nitrogen (99%) and phosphorus (71.4%) was observed due to the activation of heterotrophic microorganisms.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

A. S. Shtanko

Purpose: development of constructive solutions for water intake structures for water withdrawal from watercourses, its preliminary treatment from mechanical pollutants and further delivery to drip irrigation systems. Materials and methods. The information base for the study was the survey data of existing water intakes and suggestions found in the patent search for constructive solutions for water intake structures from flumes and its delivering to the water supply network of drip irrigation systems. When developing reclamation water intakes designs, methods of scientific analysis of existing and proposed structural solutions were used and search design technologies were used in developing structural schemes. Results. During the inspection of existing water intakes, their low efficiency in preliminary water treatment from mechanical pollutants which leads to intensive pollution of water treatment facilities that are part of the drip irrigation system was stated. The task of a higher degree of water treatment from pollutants at the intake can be solved by the use of water-filtering elements in the intake units and structures. Two structural solutions of water intake heads preventing the weeds of a given size from entering the pipeline drip network on the base of filtering panels have been proposed. In the design of the proposed water intakes, it is supposed to withdraw water from the least polluted horizons of water courses, to purify it by filtering and also replace or clean the filtering elements from the accumulated litter on their surface. Conclusions. As a result of the study, two water intake designs from surface water bodies based on the use of filtering panels that provide a given level of water treatment from mechanical impurities for its subsequent delivery into the piping network of drip irrigation systems were proposed.

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2019

Ariskina, Yu.Yu. | Mityaeva, L.A. | Domashenko, Yu.E. | Vasil'ev, S.M., Russian Research and Development Inst. of Land Improvement Problems. Novocherkassk, Rostov Region

The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of groundwater treatment through filter-sorption loading by choosing the optimal ratio of its components and loading height. Rounded (natural) quartz sand with a particle size of 0.8–2.0 mm and activated carbon on a coal-mining basis with a particle size of 1.5–2.8 mm was used as components of the filter-sorption loading in the given studies. During the research various ratios of these components with different loading heights were used. The existence of a functional relationship between several filtration loading components ratio options and its height is determined during the experimental data analysis. The obtained experimental dependences show at what filter load and loading height the process of groundwater treatment was most effective. At a maximum loading height of 0.8 m, the water treatment efficiency increases to 99%, but the filtering speed decreases to 0.7 m/h. Conclusion: there is a decrease in the iron concentration from 0.64 to 0.18 milligrams per cub. dm, manganese from 2.25 to 0.38 mg per cub. dm, stiffness from 22.6 to 18.2 dH and suspended solids from 1.2 to 1.1 mg per cub. dm in relation to the source groundwater, with all variants of the filter loading ratio. This justifies the effectiveness of the developed filter-sorption loading. As a result of the studies the high purification efficiency was observed at a loading ratio of 3:1. The decrease in iron concentration reached 72%, manganese – 86%, hardness – 30%, suspended solids – 10%. Laboratory experiments have shown that a decrease in the amount of iron, manganese and suspended solids in water depends on the filter loading height and the filtration rate. Thus, the best option is a loading height of 0.5 to 0.7 m with a filtration rate of 3.7 to 2.4 m per h with a ratio of 3:1. | Цель исследования - определение эффективности очистки подземных вод через фильтровально-сорбционную загрузку за счет выбора оптимального соотношения ее компонентов и высоты загрузки. В качестве компонентов фильтровально-сорбционной загрузки использовался окатанный (природный) кварцевый песок с размером фракций 0,8–2,0 мм и активированный уголь на каменноугольной основе с размером фракций 1,5–2,8 мм, а также использовались различные соотношения данных компонентов с различной высотой загрузки. Анализ экспериментальных данных устанавливает наличие функциональной связи между несколькими вариантами соотношения компонентов фильтрационной загрузки и ее высотой. Полученные экспериментальные зависимости показывают при какой загрузке фильтра и высоте загрузки наиболее эффективно происходил процесс очистки подземной воды. При максимальной высоте загрузки 0,8 м эффективность очистки воды повышается до 99%, но снижается скорость фильтрования до 0,7 м/ч. Выводы: по отношению к исходной подземной воде при всех вариантах соотношения фильтровальной загрузки наблюдается снижение концентрации железа с 0,64 до 0,18 мг/дм3, марганца с 2,25 до 0,38 мг/дм3, жесткости с 22,6 до 18,2 Ж и взвешенных веществ с 1,2 до 1,1 мг/дм3. Это обосновывает эффективность разработанной фильтровально-сорбционной загрузки. В результате проведенных исследований высокая эффективность очистки наблюдалась при соотношении загрузки 3:1. Снижение концентрации железа достигало 72%, марганца – 86%, жесткости – 30%, взвешенных веществ – 10%. Проведенные опыты показали, что снижение в воде количества железа, марганца и взвешенных веществ зависит от высоты фильтровальной загрузки и скорости фильтрования. Таким образом, оптимальным вариантом является высота загрузки от 0,5 до 0,7 м со скоростью фильтрования от 3,7 до 2,4 м/ч при соотношении 3:1.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Yuzhen Zhou | Tianxia Bai | Olena Kishchenko

Background. Wastewater treatment using physical, chemical, and biological methods is primary solution for the reduction of water pollution that reaching the critical thresholds. The members of subfamily Lemnoideae, commonly called duckweed, are considered the most efficient aquatic plants for wastewater remediation. Although properties of duckweed to survive in water with high concentration of heavy metal ions such as chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel and cuprum are well documented, the growth of duckweed in water with high concentrations of manganese and the efficiency of retention of manganese from water by these species has not been estimated.Objective. Four duckweed species (Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, and L. turionifera) were used for establishment of influence Mn on their vitality and growth and for studying their potential for phytoremediation of fresh water with elevated manganese concentration.Methods. Duckweed collected in Eastern China was introduced in tissue culture in vitro by surface sterilization. The identification of the collected duckweed species was determined by DNA barcoding using primers specific for chloroplast intergenic spacers atpF-atpH (ATP) and psbK-psbL (PSB). The experiments for establishment of influence Mn on duckweed growth carried out in aseptic condition. To determinate concentration of Mn, the samples of different water type (Hongze Lake, ponds around Hongze Lake, Huaian local municipal sewage plant and industrial sewage plant) were analyzed by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.Results. The most sensitive duckweed to Mn was S. polyzhiza, the first characteristic symptoms of toxicity like brown spots have appeared when concentration of Mn was 40 mg/L, the concentration 200 mg/L Mn resulted in chlorosis and death of fronds. L. aequinoctialis and L. turionifera had similar effects in SH medium supplemented with 650 mg/L and 975 mg/L Mn, respectively. L. punctata was the most tolerant duckweed to Mn plants continued to grow even at concentration 975 mg/L. Response of duckweed on Mn was dependent on availability of nitrogen in nutrient medium. Using four duckweed species for treatment of water containing 4.12 mg/L Mn allowed to reduce concentration until safe level of standard (0.1 mg/L Mn).Conclusions. All investigated duckweed species (S. polyrhiza, L. punctata, L. aequinoctialis, and L. turionifera) were characterized by a high level of resistance to manganese, especially L. punctata. Response of duckweed on Mn was dependent on availability of nitrogen in nutrient medium. The tested species of subfamily Lemnoideae were high effective for phytoremediation of water with elevated manganese concentration.

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