AGRIS - 

2023

Rogozina, E.V. | Gurina, A.A.

Potato due to its vegetative propagation is affected by viruses, among which potato viruses Y (PVY), S (PVS) and M (PVM) are spread across all Russia's territory. The collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) presents the diversity of the potato gene pool, including potato cultivars and related tuber-forming species. Diagnostics of viral infections in plants saved for several years by obtaining tuber reproductions is an important part of the work on the conservation and sustainable utilization of the potato gene pool. The work purpose was to evaluate the distribution of PVX, PVY, PVS and PVM on plants of potato cultivars and related Solanum spp. in the VIR field collection. Evaluation covered 315 accessions representing all groups of the potato gene pool. Diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out on plants that did not display symptoms of a virus infection. The Russian test system produced by RPA "BioTechnologies" and foreign one of Bioreba AG (Switzerland) were used. Statistical data processing was performed by the Statistica StatSoft 13 program. Mosaic viruses are distributed with different frequencies on potato plants in the field collection: PVM dominates, detected in 64% of potato accessions; PVY is found in 41%, PVX on 24%, and PVS in 18% of accessions. The connection between the botanical and taxonomic origin of potato accessions and their infection with viruses has been confirmed. Among wild species, more than half of accessions, while among cultivated species, only 5% are affected by XBK. PVM, on the contrary, was detected in a significant part (77–91%) of cultivated potato accessions. and much less frequently (16%) in accessions of wild species. Cvs, 'Grand', 'Krasa Meshchery', 'Yantar' and 'Nur-Alem', hybrids 99-1-3, 952-35 and 914-5-2018, accessions of wild species from North America, and cultivated species Solanum goniocalyx Juz. et Buk. (k-9922) are not affected by viruses. | Картофель при вегетативном размножении поражается вирусами, и на территории России повсеместно распространены возбудители мозаичных болезней: Y-вирус картофеля (YBK), S-вирус картофеля (SBK) и M-вирус картофеля (MBK). В коллекции Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) представлено разнообразие всех групп генофонда картофеля, и диагностика мозаичных вирусов у коллекционных образцов в полевом генном банке ВИР является актуальной задачей. Цель работы – оценить распространение XBK, YBK, SBK и MBK в коллекции ВИР, выделить перспективные образцы в качестве исходного материала для селекции картофеля на устойчивость к мозаичным вирусам. Оценены 315 образцов, представляющих все группы генофонда: сорта, межвидовые гибриды, образцы диких и культурных видов картофеля. Диагностика методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) проведена на растениях, не имеющих признаков поражения вирусами. Использована отечественная тест-система НПО "БиоТехнологии" и зарубежная Bioreba AG (Швейцария). Статистическую обработку данных выполняли в программе Statistica StatSoft 13. Мозаичные вирусы распространены с разной частотой, в полевой коллекции картофеля доминирует MBK, детектированный у 64% образцов, YBК обнаружен у 41%, XBК – у 24% и SBK – у 18% образцов. Подтверждена связь между происхождением образцов и их пораженностью вирусами. Выявлены образцы, не пораженные мозаичными вирусами: сорта 'Гранд', 'Краса Мещеры', 'Янтарь' и 'Нур-Алем', гибриды 99-1-3, 952-35 и 914-5-2018, образцы диких видов из Северной Америки и образец культурного вида Solanum goniocalyx Juz. et Buk. (к-9922).

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Biryukova, V.A. | Zharova, V.A. | Chalaya, N.A. | Shmyglya, I.V. | Rogozina, E.V.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is an economically important pathogen of potato that is a vegetatively propagated crop. High resistance to all strains of PVY is determined by Ry-genes, which are introgressed into modern potato varieties from a limited number of resistance sources such as Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bche., Solanum andigenum Juz. et Buk., Solanum chacoense Bitt. Use of new Solanum species and interspecific hybrids based on them provides for the expansion of existing potato gene pool in breeding for resistance to PVY. Traditional breeding for resistance to viruses has still a great potential, though, it is a long and laborious process. Molecular markers linked to Ry-genes are widely integrated into practical breeding to increase the effectiveness. Previous studies have revealed a number of shortcomings in using the molecular markers of Ry-genes. To assess the predictive abilities of molecular markers RYSC3, M45, M6 of the Ryadg gene and YES3-3A of the Rysto gene for resistance to PVY, the F1 generation of two potato populations was studied, in the creation of which interspecific hybrids were used. The nature of segregation 5:3 obtained by phenotype showed that the original parental forms can be the sources of not only previously identified, but also unidentified Ry-genes and Ny-genes of hypersensitivity. Correlation coefficient between the presence of markers and resistance to PVY was 0.64 for the YES3-3 marker (79% matching) and 0.54 for RYSC3, М45, М6 markers (76% matching). There have been revealed the cases of "false positive" results of the study (the presence of a marker in susceptible genotypes), which indicate to the insufficient effectiveness of the markers used. The marker segregation observed in the populations was consistent with chromatid segregation, confirming the simplex nature of Ry-genes inheritance from resistant parents. The ratio of genotypes with the presence/absence of markers was 0.86:1. | Для картофеля как вегетативно размножаемой культуры Y-вирус (YВК) является экономически важным патогеном. Крайняя устойчивость ко всем штаммам YВК детерминируется Ry-генами, которые интрогрессированы в современные сорта картофеля от ограниченного числа источников устойчивости – Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bche., Solanum andigenum Juz. et Buk., Solanum chacoense Bitt. Использование новых видов Solanum и межвидовых гибридов на их основе позволяет расширить существующий генофонд картофеля в селекции на устойчивость к YВК. Традиционная селекция на устойчивость к вирусам по-прежнему имеет большой потенциал, однако является длительным и трудоемким процессом. Для повышения эффективности в практическую селекцию широко интегрируются молекулярные маркеры, сцепленные с Ry-генами. Проведенные ранее исследования позволили выявить ряд недостатков при применении молекулярных маркеров Ry-генов. Для оценки прогностических способностей молекулярных маркеров RYSC3, М45, М6 гена Ryadg и YES3-3A гена Rysto устойчивости к YВК изучено поколение F1 двух популяций картофеля, в создании которых использовались межвидовые гибриды. Характер расщепления 5:3, полученный по фенотипу, показал, что исходные родительские формы могут являться источниками не только ранее выявленных, но и не идентифицированных Ry-генов, а также Ny-генов сверхчувствительности. Коэффициент корреляции между наличием маркеров и устойчивостью к YВК для YES3-3-маркера составил 0,64 (79% совпадений), а для маркеров RYSC3, М45, М6 – 0,54 (76% совпадений). Обнаружены случаи "ложноположительных" (наличие маркера в восприимчивых генотипах) результатов исследования, которые указывают на недостаточную эффективность используемых маркеров. Расщепление по маркерам, наблюдаемое в популяциях, соответствует хроматидному расщеплению, подтверждающему симплексный характер наследования Ry-генов от устойчивых родителей. Соотношение генотипов с присутствием/отсутствием маркеров составило 0,86:1.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Panicheva, Yu.S., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow

The high incidence of viral diseases in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) has a serious impact on crop yields, resulting in economic losses due to culling of seed potatoes and increased storage losses. Potato Virus Y (Potato Virus Y, PVY) is the most common and economically significant virus in terms of crop and tuber quality effects. The aim of the research was to study the effect of potato variety on the dynamics of accumulation and spread of PVY virus infection in the field. Dynamics of accumulation and spread of virus infection PVY under field conditions was studied in 2017–2018 in plants of 6 potato varietie('Toronto', 'Indigo', 'Manhattan', 'Lionhart', 'Carmen', 'Valiza') bred by Breeding and Genetic Center "Doka - gene technologies" (Moscow region) under different levels of seed infection. In the 2017 field season, artificial inoculation of plants with Y virus (strain PVY-O) was carried out at three different sites (with initial infection with Y, X, S, M, A and PLRV viruses not exceeding 1%). In 2018, the planting material of 6 potato varieties was collected, which met the requirements for varietal diversity and contrast contamination in the form of tubers, mini-tubers or microclonal plants. To assess the degree of damage to individual plants, a 9-point scale of viral resistance was used, to assess the impact of y virus infection on plant growth, a biometric analysis of plants was carried out. It is shown that under optimal conditions for the development and spread of viral infection in the field in 2018, the dynamics of virus accumulation depended on the initial degree of infection of plants and on the variety, and the yield did not correlate with the growth of the above-ground part of potato plants. In the immediate vicinity of healthy and infected plants, there was a rapid spread of the pathogen, even with the use of virus carrier control. | Высокая заболеваемость картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.) вирусными болезнями серьезно влияет на урожайность культуры, приводя к экономическим потерям из-за выбраковки семенного картофеля и увеличения потерь при хранении. Вирус картофеля Y (Potato Virus Y, PVY) – наиболее распространенный и экономически значимый вирус по воздействию на урожай и качество клубней. Изучали влияние сорта картофеля на динамику накопления и распространения вирусной инфекции PVY в полевых условиях. Динамика накопления и распространения вирусной инфекции PVY была изучена в 2017–2018 гг. на растениях 6 сортов картофеля (Торонто, Индиго, Манхеттен, Лайонхарт, Кармен, Вализа) выведенных селекционно-генетическим центром "Дока - генные технологии" (Московская обл.) при различной степени семенного заражения. В полевом сезоне 2017 года на трех различных участках (с исходной зараженностью вирусами Y, X, S, M, A и PLRV не более 1%) была проведена искусственная инокуляция растений вирусом Y (штамм PVY-O). В 2018 г. был собран посадочный материал шести сортов картофеля, удовлетворявший требованиям по сортовому разнообразию и контрастной зараженности в виде клубней, мини-клубней или микроклональных растений. Для оценки степени поражения отдельных растений использовали девятибалльную шкалу оценки вирусоустойчивости, для оценки влияния зараженности вирусом Y на рост растений был проведен биометрический анализ растений. Показано, что при оптимальных условиях для развития и распространения вирусной инфекции в поле в 2018 г. динамика накопления вируса зависела от начальной степени зараженности растений и от сорта, а урожайность не коррелировала с ростом надземной части растений картофеля. При непосредственном соседстве здоровых и зараженных растений наблюдалось быстрое распространение патогена даже при использовании средств борьбы с переносчиками вируса.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Klimenko, N.S. | Antonova, O.Yu. | Zheltova, V.V. | Fomina, N.A. | Kostina, L.I., The N.I. Vavilov All-Russia Inst. of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg

Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is infected by about 40 species of viruses, of which one of the most harmful is the potato virus Y (PVY). A number of genes conferring different types of PVY resistance have been identified in potato, of which Ry genes, conferring extreme resistance (the absence of accumulation of viruses in infected plants regardless of the virus strain), are most often involved in breeding programs in different countries. The search for effective markers of target genes remains relevant due to MAS prospects. This paper is the first report on the use of STM0003 marker associated with Rysto gene for screening Russian potato varieties; another marker, Ry364, was previously used once on a small sample of Russian varieties. The objective of this work was to screen 178 Russian varieties with three markers, STM0003, Ry364, and RYSC3 linked to Rysto, Rychc, and Ryadg genes which were introgressed into the breeding gene pool from wild species S. stoloniferum, S. chacoense, and from the Andean native varieties of S. tuberosum ssp. andigenum, respectively. As a result of the molecular screening, 39 (21.8%) of 178 varieties were selected for which diagnostic fragments of at least one of the three markers were revealed, including 7.3% varieties with STM0003 marker (Rysto), 11.7% varieties with Ry364 (Rychc), and 4.5% varieties with RYSC3 (Ryadg) marker. The results obtained indicate a low level of genetic defense against PVY of the analyzed cultivar subset among which 78.2% varieties have no markers linked to the Ry genes. We compared molecular screening results with published PVY resistance/susceptibility data. The marker STM0003 linked to the Rysto gene had the highest diagnostic value, as almost all varieties with this marker are highly resistant (immune) to PVY, while the Ry364298 and RYSC3 markers are not so efficient. | Картофель (Solanum tuberosum L.) поражают около 40 видов вирусов, из них одним из самых вредоносных является Y-вирус картофеля (Potato virus Y, PVY). У картофеля идентифицирован ряд генов, вовлеченных в контроль разных типов устойчивости к PVY, из них Ry гены, обусловливающие отсутствие накопления вирусных частиц в инфицированном растении независимо от штамма вируса, наиболее часто вовлекаются в селекционные программы в разных странах. В задачу исследования входил скрининг 178 сортов отечественной селекции по трем маркерам - STM0003, Ry364, RYSC3, сцепленным с генами Rysto, Rychc и Ryadg, которые были перенесены в селекционный генофонд от диких видов S. stoloniferum и S. chacoense, а также от андийских аборигенных сортов S. tuberosum ssp. andigenum. Для скрининга обширной выборки сортов отечественной селекции маркеры STM0003 и Ry364 привлечены впервые. В результате проведенного молекулярного скрининга в выборке из 178 сортов отобрано 39 (21,8%), у которых выявлены диагностические фрагменты как минимум одного из трех маркеров: у 7,3% сортов имеется маркер STM0003 гена Rysto, у 11,7% - маркер Ry364 гена Rychc и у 4,5% - маркер RYSC3 гена Ryadg. Полученные результаты указывают на невысокую генетическую защищенность изученной выборки от PVY: 78,2% из 178 сортов не имели ни одного из маркеров, сцепленных с Ry генами устойчивости к этому вирусу. Результаты молекулярного скрининга были сопоставлены с данными об устойчивости/восприимчивости сортов к PVY, взятыми из научных публикаций. Наибольшей диагностической ценностью обладает маркер STM0003, сцепленный с геном Rysto; фактически все сорта с этим маркером были высокоустойчивы (иммунны) к PVY, тогда как маркеры Ry364 и RYSC3 оказались не столь эффективны.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Radkovich,E.V. | Guscha,G.N.

isolate- accumulator’ made it possible to produce the virus in high concentrations for further immunization of animals in the production of kits for IFA. Due to the higher accumulation ability of plants it will be possible to reduce the cost of growing plant-accumulators, isolation and purification of the virus preparation. | В статье приведены результаты исследований по отбору белорусских изолятов ХВК и YBK, предназначенных для проведения искусственного заражения растений-накопителей при получении препаративного количества вирусов картофеля (Solanum tuberosum). Показано, что для получения максимального количества вирусного препарата важно подобрать такой изолят, при заражении которым растение-накопитель будет эффективно накапливать вирус. Для отбора белорусских изолятов Х- и Y-вируса картофеля нами были проведены комплексные исследования клубневого материала картофеля. По результатам проведенных анализов на этапе иммуноферментного анализа было отобрано 7 образцов, несущих моноинфекцию Х- и Y-вируса картофеля. Исследования по отбору белорусских изолятов Х- и Y-вируса картофеля и поиск эффективных сочетаний ‘изолят-накопитель’, позволяют получать вирус в высоких концентрациях для дальнейшей иммунизации животных при производстве наборов реагентов для проведения ИФА. За счет более высокой накопительной способности растений снизятся затраты на выращивание растений-накопителей, выделение и очистку вирусного препарата. | The research results on the selection of the Belarusian isolates PVX and PVY viruses of potato (Solanum tuberosum) are intended for the artificial infection of plants drives to obtain preparative amounts of potato viruses. It is shown that it is important to maximize the number of viral preparation and to pick the isolates during infection in course of which the plant will effectively accumulate the virus. For the selection of the Belarusian isolates of potato X- and Y-virus there were carried out complex studies of potato tuber material. According to the results of the realized analysis at the stage of immunoenzymatic assay there were selected 7 samples monoinfected with X- and Y- potato virus. Research on the selection of Belarusian isolates of X- and Y-potato virus and the search for effective combinations of &#039

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Voronkova,E.V. | Pavlyuchuk,N.V. | Polyukhovich,Y.V. | Gukasyan,O.N. | Zharich,V.M. | Luksha,V.I. | Yermishin,A.P.

С помощью иммуноферментного анализа после искусственного заражения Y-вирусом картофеля (Solanum tuberosum) была оценена коллекция из 240 межвидовых диплоидных гибридов картофеля, полученных на основе мексиканского аллотетраплоидного вида Solanum stoloniferum. Было показано, что среди них может быть отобран селекционный материал с высокой устойчивостью к вирусной инфекции, которая стабильно передается потомству при беккроссировании дигаплоидами культурного картофеля. При этом изучение исходных генотипов дикого вида с помощью ДНК-маркеров позволяет предположить наличие в них и в гибридах, полученных на их основе, нового, ранее немаркированного и некартированного фактора, обеспечивающего высокую устойчивость к патогену. Экспериментально подтвержден моногенный характер наследования признака экстремальная резистентность к обычному и некротическому штаммам PVY, передающихся межвидовым гибридам от S. stoloniferum. Такой характер наследования признака позволит в дальнейшем, использовать полученные расщепляющиеся популяции гибридов на основе S. stoloniferum для маркирования нового фактора экстремальной устойчивости к PVY от этого вида картофеля. | With the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) help after artificial infection with Y-virus of potato (Solanum tuberosum) the collection from 240 interspecific diploidic hybrids of potato received on the basis of the Mexican allotetraploid type of Solanum stoloniferum was estimated. It was shown that among them selection material with high resistance to viral infection which is steadily transferred to posterity at a backcrossing of digaploidama of cultural potato can be selected. At the same time the study of initial genotypes of wild-type by DNA markers makes it possible to assume that they, as well the hybrids derived from them, contain new and previously unmapped unmarked factor providing high resistance to the pathogen. Monogenic nature of inheritance of sign extreme resistance to usual and necrotic strains of PVY, transferred to interspecific hybrids from S. stoloniferum is experimentally confirmed. Such nature of sign inheritance will allow using the received split populations of hybrids on the basis of S. stoloniferum for marking of a new factor of extreme resistance to PVY from this type of potato.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Rusetskij,N.V. | Kozlov,V.A. | Chashinskij,A.V.

The monitoring of potato (Solanum tuberosum) virus diseases propagation in different categories of farms of six districts of Mogilev region of the Republic of Belarus is carried out. The differentiation of viruses PVX (potato virus X), PVY (potato virus Y), PVS (potato virus S), PVM (potato virus M), PLRV (potato leaf roll virus), PVA (potato virus A) in the selected leaf samples by ELISA is carried out. The highest total amount of infected with viruses samples was identified in analyzed samples from Slavgorod and Gorky districts. This studying research of virus spreading and their sources have allowed to allocate Mogilev, Shklov and Krichev areas in Belarus as favourable ones in the phytovirologic aspect. As a result of researches on revealing potato viruses in selected samples of potato plantings in Mogilev region using the ELISA method it was found out that the most widespread viruses were the following: PVS (29,0-61,4%) and PVM (25,7-50,6%), PVX viruses PVY, PLRV and PVA were less spread (9,4-41,6%). A significant degree of potato seed plantings damage with virus diseases indicates at a low level of conducting of seed protection activities and the current high overall infection load. | Проведен мониторинг распространения вирусных болезней картофеля (Solanum tuberosum) в различных категориях хозяйств шести районов Могилевской области (Республика Беларусь). Осуществлена дифференциация вирусов ХВК (Х-вирус картофеля), YВК (Y-вирус картофеля), SВК (S-вирус картофеля), МВК (М-вирус картофеля), ВСЛК (вирус скручивания листьев картофеля), АВК (А-вирус картофеля) в отобранных листовых пробах методом иммуноферментного анализа. Максимальное суммарное количество пораженных вирусами проб отмечено в анализируемых образцах Славгородского и Горецкого районов. Проведенные исследования по изучению распространенности вирусных болезней и их возбудителей позволили выделить Могилевский, Шкловский и Кричевский районы как наиболее благоприятные в фитовирусологическом плане. В результате проведенных исследований по выявлению вирусов в отобранных пробах с посадок картофеля Могилевской области с использованием метода ИФА установлено, что наиболее широкое распространение имеют вирусы: SВК (29,0–61,4 %) и МВК (25,7–50,6 %), вирусы ХВК, YВК, ВСЛК и AВК распространены в меньшей мере (9,4–41,6%). Значительная степень поражения семеноводческих посадок картофеля вирусными болезнями указывает на недостаточный уровень ведения семеноводческих мероприятий и сложившейся высокой общей инфекционной нагрузке.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2013

Çelik, İ., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey) | Özalp, R., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey) | Çelik, N., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey) | Polat, İ., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey) | Sülü, G., West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya (Turkey) | Ünlü, A.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is one of the most important vegetable species produced both in the world and in Turkey. Turkey is in third place in pepper production in the world. There are many viruses affecting and limiting pepper production. Potato Y virus (PVY), a member of the genus potyvirus, is one of the most common viruses infecting pepper crops. Improving resistant pepper varieties against the disease is more advantageous and easy way to control disease in production area. There are 4 races such as PVY0, PVY1 and PVY1-2 in the world. The dominant Pvr4 resistance gene in wild type SCM 334 pepper confers a complete resistance to the three pathotypes of potato virus. In this study, resistant genotype SCM 334 and susceptible long pepper inbred line were crossed to improve resistance in breeding lines. To eliminate the undesirable characteristics of the resistant genotypes, resistant line was backcrossed three times with susceptible genotypes. Mechanical inoculation and molecular methods were used to determine the reaction of backcross progenies to the disease. The dominant CAPS markers were used to determine resistant and susceptible plants and results from the mechanical inoculation method were verified with the CAPS marker. This study is a part of "Improvement of F1 Hybrid Vegetable Varieties and Qualified Lines in Turkey" basic project and financed by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-KAMAG 109G029). | Biber (Capsicum annuum L.), Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de üretilen en önemli sebze türlerinden biridir. Türkiye biber üretiminde dünyada üçüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Biberde hastalık oluşturan ve biber üretimini sınırlayan pek çok virüs bulunmaktadır. Patates Y Virüsü (PVY) biber yetiştirilen alanlarda verim ve kalite kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Bu hastalıkla mücadelede en kolay ve en ekonomik yol dayanıklı çeşitlerin kullanılmasıdır. Dünya'da PVY'nin, PVY0, PVY1 ve PVY12 olmak üzere üç ırkı mevcut olup, tümüne dayanıklılık yabani SCM 334 biber genitöründe bulunan dominant Pvr4 geni tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada SCM 334 biber genitörü kullanılarak sivri biber çeşidine geri melezleme ile Pvr4 geninin aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. Dayanıklı genotipin meyve şeklini düzeltmek için hassas genotip ile üç kez geri melezlenmiştir. Dayanıklı ve hassas bitkileri belirlemek amacıyla mekanik inolukasyon ve moleküler testlemeler yapılmıştır. Moleküler testlemelerde Pvr4 geni ile bağlantılı ve bu gene oldukça yakın olan kodominant CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) moleküler markırı kullanılmıştır. Mekanik inokulasyon ile testleme sonuçları moleküler testleme sonuçlarını doğrulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, TUBİTAK-KAMAG 109G029 nolu projenin bir bölümüdür.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Training and Publication, National AGRIS Center (Turkey) - Turkey

2013

Khaddam,M

Tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA) was used for testing 4145 randomly collected samples and 1482 samples with suggestive symptoms of PVY. Samples were collected during two growing seasons 2010 and 2011. from northern, coastal, and southern of Syria. PVY was detected from all surveyed areas on different tobacco varieties, and with different incidence ranging from 32.75 to 59.32% in the first growing season and 46.3 and 70.79% in second growing season. The highest incidence of viral infection were detected in coastal region in comparison with northern region, Burley and Virginia varieties in Coastal region were highly affected by PVY in the second growing season 2011 (95.45-89.26% respectively) comparison with first growing season (80.95-87.5% respectively). PVY was detected for the first time in the coastal region in Syria on some local tobacco varieties (Tanbaak, Gernataa, Zegreen, Baladde), and on Burley and Virginia varieties in the northern region and Burley in southern. The effect of treating seed befor planting with Gaucho insecticide (0.35, 0.7g a.i Imidacloprid/5g seeds) to reduce potato Y virus incidence Burley and Virgenia from fresh and cured leaves under field conditions during the 2010/2011 growing seasons. Results showed significant difference in virus spread between treatments in comparison with control treatment, and Gaucho 1g /5g seeds The better treatment to reduce potato Y virus incidence in first time and increases the yield (fresh, dry) and increase of sugars ratio in Virginia and decreased protein ratio and NPN in Burley leaves. spraying mineral oil (Biolid) 10 ml/ l weekly led to reduce potato Y virus incidence and increased productivity in Burley and virgenia varieties and increasing of the quality of cured leaves both varieties. Also using the Gaucho 1g /5g seeds besides to using the spraying mineral oil for aweek or two gives The better Results in decreased potato Y virus incidence. The efficacy of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in reducing replication of PVY. The Results showed the role of Salicylic acid (SA) to increase the resistance burley and Virginia against PVY in the laboratory and in house net. Ten weeks tobacco plants were treated in laboratory with 0.5mM of SA, and also in the house net (0.25mM 0.5mM 0.75Mm) so the inoculation by PVY came late. The level of free SA increased in the leaves for both types (48.4, 31.6 %) comparing with inoculation control (3.3, 3.3 %) in 2011 growing seasons (38.4, 26 %), After 72 hours the level reached the highest standard after watering in 0.5 Mm SA and symptoms late 7-8 days and disease severity decreased (28.6, 36.3 %) and (30, 38 %) during 2010 growing seasons and decreased of the stunting of plants for both types in comparison with the infected plants by virus in all treatment, 27 The comparison between health control (without treatment) and the inculated control virus only The increase of the free salicylic acid related to the decrease .The results showed the role of SA and OA in increasing the productivity and quality of cured leaves of tobacco Burley and Virginia which inoculated with PVY in the field. and the highest productivity of fresh (655, 666.7 kg) and dry ( 110.6, 98.2 kg). OA has similler role as SA in case in efficacy of systemic acquired resistance in reducing r of PVY, The level of free SA increased in the leaves for both types in all treatment, and symptoms late 7-8 days comparing with inoculation control, and disease severity decreased in the laboratory and in house net, and decreased of the stunting of plants for both types in comparison with the infected plants by virus in all treatment, The better Results was treatment with SA it gave the highest ratio of sugars in Virginia and decreased the ratio of protein and the ratio of NPN in Burley. Most preferable was for OA increasing the productivity.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Centre for Agro. Inform. and Documentation, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform - Syrian Arab Republic

2013

Zhang, L., Shandong Agricultural Univ., Taian (China). State Key Lab. of Crop Biology | Xie, X., Shandong Agricultural Univ., Taian (China). State Key Lab. of Crop Biology | Song, Y., Shandong Agricultural Univ., Taian (China). State Key Lab. of Crop Biology | Jiang, F., Shandong Agricultural Univ., Taian (China). State Key Lab. of Crop Biology | Zhu, C., Shandong Agricultural Univ., Taian (China). State Key Lab. of Crop Biology | Wen, F., Shandong Agricultural Univ., Taian (China). State Key Lab. of Crop Biology

Viral resistance can be effectively induced in transgenic plants through their silencing machinery. Thus, we designed nine short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) constructs to target nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb), helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), cylindrical inclusion protein (CI) and viral protein genome linked (VPg) genes of Potato virus Y (PVYN) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV-SD1). The shRNAs were completely complementary to the genes of PVYN, and contained 1-3 nt mismatches to the genes of TEV-SD1. To study the specificity of gene silencing in shRNA-mediated viral resistance, the constructs were introduced into tobacco plants. The results of viral resistance assay revealed that these nine kinds of transgenic tobacco plants can effectively induce viral resistance against both PVYN and TEV-SD1, and the shRNA construct targeting the NIb gene showed higher silencing efficiency. Northern blot and short interfering RNA (siRNA) analyses demonstrated that the viral resistance can be attributed to the degradation of the target RNA through the RNA silencing system. Correlation analysis of siRNA sequence characteristics with its activity suggested that the secondary structure stability of the antisense strand did not influence siRNA activity; 1 to 3 nt 5 end of the sense strand caused a significant effect on siRNA activity where the first base such as U was favourable for silencing; the base mismatch between the siRNA and the target gene may be more tolerated in the 5 end.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Library of Antonin Svehla - Czechia