AGRIS - 

2017

Monteiro Filho, Antonio F. | Azevedo, Márcia R. Q. A. | Azevedo, Carlos A. V. de | Fernandes, Josely D. | Silva, Carisa R. da | Silva, Yuri dos S.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of crisp lettuce in hydroponic cultivation, following the nutrient film technique (NFT), using optimized mineral and organomineral nutrient solutions. The experiment was set in 8 x 3 factorial scheme, with treatments distributed in randomized blocks and split plots, with three replicates. The plots corresponded to eight nutrient solutions, of which four were mineral solutions with chemical composition suggested by Bernardes, Furlani, Castellane & Araújo and Ueda, and four were organomineral solutions, suggested by this research with chemical composition similar to those of the previously mentioned mineral solutions. The subplots corresponded to three varieties of crisp lettuce: Thaís, Vanda and Verônica. At 25 days after transplanting, the following parameters were evaluated: stem and crown diameter, root length, leaf area and number of leaves. For stem and crown diameters and number of leaves, the mineral solutions promoted the highest means. The mineral solution of Furlani and the organomineral solutions, except the modified solution of Castellane & Araújo, promoted the greatest root lengths. The smallest leaf area was obtained in the organomineral solution of Ueda. The cultivar Verônica had the highest root length and stem diameter. | RESUMO Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o crescimento da alface crespa em cultivo hidropônico, seguindo a técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes (NFT), utilizando soluções nutritivas minerais e organominerais otimizadas. Instalou-se um experimento em blocos casualizados com o uso de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas corresponderam a oito soluções nutritivas, sendo quatro minerais com composição química sugeridas por Bernardes, Furlani, Castellane & Araújo e Ueda e quatro organominerais, sugeridas nesta pesquisa com composição química semelhante às soluções minerais, anteriormente citadas. As subparcelas corresponderam a três cultivares da alface crespa (Thaís, Vanda e Verônica). Aos 25 dias após o transplantio das mudas avaliaram-se as variáveis diâmetro do caule e da coroa, comprimento da raiz, área foliar e número de folhas. Para os diâmetros da coroa e do caule e número de folhas, as soluções minerais promoveram as maiores médias. A solução mineral de Furlani e as soluções organominerais, exceto a de Castellane & Araújo modificada, promoveram os maiores comprimentos de raízes; a menor área foliar foi obtida pela solução organomineral de Ueda. A cultivar Verônica apresentou os maiores comprimento de raiz e diâmetro caulinar.

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Scientific Electronic Library Online Brazil - Brazil

2017

Naburga-Jermakova, I., University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia). Botanical Garden

The study began in 1995 and was continued till 2016. In tests 34  genus and 74  taxa which had xeromorphic signs and which were recommended for greenery were selected. Artemisia, Sedum Sempervivum genus taxa, 18  taxa from other introduced genus and 17 taxa of flora typical for Latvia were included in the selected list. The selected xerophytes are recommended for the typical sandy soil in the Latvian coastal area. Wide assortment of xerophytes allows creation of greenery without major investments in rebuilding the soil and irrigation.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2017

Irbe, A., Sigulda

Aivars Irbe book devotes the centenary of Latvia and Latvian flower lovers meeting, that on 15 July, 2017 in Rauna forty time will bring together Flower friends. The book will learn both completely new and somewhat forgotten things about a wide variety of plants and their care. It will serve as a good guide for both beginners and experienced gardeners. The book deals with clematis propagation, cultivation, pruning, species and varieties. | Aivars Irbe grāmatu veltī Latvijas simtgadei un Latvijas Puķu draugu saietam, kas 2017. gada 15. jūlijā Raunā 40. reizi pulcēs vienkopus Puķu draugus. Grāmatā uzzināsiet gan pilnīgi jaunas, gan nedaudz piemirstas lietas par ļoti dažādiem augiem un to kopšanu. Tā kalpos kā laba rokasgrāmata gan iesācējiem, gan pieredzējušiem dārzkopjiem. A. Irbe grāmatā aplūko mežvīteņu pavairošanu, audzēšanu, apgriešanu, sugas un šķirnes.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2017

OLIVEIRA, M. da R. | BORSATO, A. V.

Agroecol 2016. 1 CD-ROM. Publicado também em: Cadernos de Agroecologia, v. 11, n. 2, 2016. | Nos últimos anos a agricultura familiar vem crescendo no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul atendendo, em 2015, 35% da demanda estadual. Nesse contexto, o Assentamento 72 localizado no município de Ladário-MS compreende poucas famílias que trabalham com a produção de hortaliças. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a avaliação nutricional da produção de hortaliças em propriedade em transição agroecológica do Assentamento 72. Foram analisadas todas as espécies de hortaliças cultivadas em sistema consórcio nesta propriedade rural. Para cada espécie foram utilizadas partes diferentes, as quais foram submetidas às análises de biomassa, de nutrientes pelo método de Weend e de Kjeldahl para proteínas. Alguns dos nutrientes apresentaram valores acima dos encontrados na literatura, além de mostrar uma influência do cultivo em consórcio nos teores de nutrientes

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Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Brazil

2017

Izmajlov, A.Yu. | Khort, D.O. | Smirnov, I.G. | Filippov, R.A. | Kutyrev, A.I., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Mechanization of Agriculture, Moscow

There have been analyzed features of a design and technological use of the newly designed a robotic tool gardening (RT) equipped with a sprayer for short-growth crops and a magnetic-pulse treatment module for plants. Developing RT involved commercial nodal joints and u7nits of VIM0320.4 tractor. Parameters of RT are proved: engine capacity is 36 h.p., track width of front wheels is 1260 mm, rear ones – 1410 mm, a road clearance – 350 mm, total length of the unit is 4900 mm, the smallest turning radius is 5.6 m. Expediency and efficiency of introduction of a combined method of treating garden plants (spraying and magnetic-pulse treatment) by RT. This treatment will make it possible to increase productivity due to stimulation of exchange processes in certain phases of development of plants by weak low-frequency pulse magnetic fields in combination with additional synchronous radiation by light impulses of 445 and 660 nm and targeted application of chemical crop-protection products. Simulation mathematical modeling of mobility of a 3D robot model in the form of set of bodies with various springily damping characteristics under cultivation of short-growth hardening crops is carried out. Calculations of dynamic behavior of robot body at various movement modes are made for model testing. The schedules of robot movement parameters received subsequent to the results of acceleration dynamics modeling are presented. The technique is offered and calculation of an indicator of local autonomy when spraying by unmanned RT for with simultaneous magnetic-pulse treatment of is made. For effective use in industrial conditions the self-sufficiency level must be now lower than 80%. Benefits of technological use of RT in machine technologies in horticulture are determined: a possibility to reduce labor input by 25-30%, to increase the yield of fruit crops by 20%. | Проанализированы особенности конструкции и технологического применения вновь разрабатываемого робототехнического средства (РС) для садоводства, оснащенного опрыскивателем для низкорослых культур и модулем магнитно-импульсной обработки растений. При разработке РС использовали серийные узлы и агрегаты трактора ВИМ-320.4. Обоснованы параметры РС: мощность двигателя 36 л.с., ширина колеи передних колес 1260 мм, задних – 1410 мм, дорожный просвет 350 мм, общая длина агрегата 4900 мм, наименьший радиус поворота 5,6 м. Выявлена целесообразность и эффективность внедрения совмещенного технологического приема обработки садовых растений (опрыскивание и магнитно-импульсная обработка) с помощью РС. Такая обработка позволит повысить урожайность за счет стимуляции обменных процессов на определенных фазах развития растений слабыми низкочастотными импульсными магнитными полями в сочетании с дополнительным синхронным облучением импульсами света 445 нм и 660 нм и адресного внесения средств химической защиты растений. Проведено имитационное математическое моделирование подвижности 3D-модели робота в виде совокупности тел с различными упругодемпфирующими характеристиками в условиях возделывания низкорослых садовых культур. Для проверки модели проведены расчеты динамического поведения корпуса робота на различных режимах движения. Представлены графики параметров движения робота, полученных по результатам моделирования динамики разгона. Предложена методика и проведен расчет показателя локальной автономности при выполнении беспилотным РС опрыскивания с одновременной магнитно-импульсной обработкой растений. Для эффективного использоавния в промышленных условиях уровень автономности должен быть не ниже 80%. Определены преимущества технологического применения РС в машинных технологиях в садоводстве: возможность на 25-30% сократить трудозатраты, на 20% увеличить урожайность плодово-ягодных культур.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Karajchev, A.S., Michurinsk State Agrarian Univ.

Strategic innovative development of the fruit-and-berry complex should be considered as one of the priorities of the agricultural development in the Russian Federation. Innovative development should be based on the integrated application of modern plans in the production technology of fruit and berries, as well as the use of selection achievements and the latest methods of production of a healthy planting material. The latest direction of horticulture development ensures high production results for almost the whole period of use of fruit and berry plantations, and it should be the basis for the development of horticulture of an intensive type. This will allow to make highly effective gardens and berry-fields, in which producers are potentially interested, to reduce the existing and potential deficits in fruits and berries, and to create balanced value parity at the consumer market, determined by demand, supply and competition. This approach is a basis for a methodology of calculating the efficiency of production and consumption of fruit and berry products. For the accelerated introduction of advanced technologies it is necessary to create a system of nurseries specializing in production of the healthy planting material and then to provide intensive reproduction of regional horticulture with the use of virus-free saplings. | Стратегическое инновационное развитие плодово-ягодного комплекса следует рассматривать как одно из приоритетов развития сельского хозяйства РФ. Инновационное развитие должно основываться на комплексном применении современных разработок в области технологии производства плодов и ягод, а также использовании селекционных достижений и новейших методов производства оздоровленного посадочного материала. Последнее направление развития садоводства обеспечивает высокие производственные результаты на протяжении практически полного срока использования плодово-ягодных насаждений и должно быть положено в основу развития садоводства интенсивного типа. Это позволит формировать высокоэффективные сады и ягодники, в чем потенциально заинтересованы товаропроизводители, покрывать существующий и потенциальный дефицит плодов и ягод, а также создавать сбалансированный стоимостной паритет на потребительском рынке, определяемый спросом, предложением и конкуренцией. На этом подходе базируется методика расчета показателей эффективности производства и потребления плодово-ягодной продукции. Для ускоренного внедрения передовых технологий необходимо сформировать систему плодопитомников, специализирующихся на производстве оздоровленного посадочного материала, а затем обеспечить интенсивное воспроизводство регионального садоводства с использованием безвирусных саженцев.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Khort, D.O. | Filippov, P.A. | Kutyrev, A.I., Federal Research Agro-engineering Center VIM, Moscow

Design features of adapter unit (AU) for magnetic-pulse processing (MPP) of plants were analyzed. AU is necessary for plants radiation with low frequency 0-100 Hz magnetic field with simultaneous additional synchronous exposure by impulses of visible light with 445-650 nm waves. Optimal construction of such AU - electrocylinders with electronic control elements placed on frame. In Solid Works/Simulation software environment by means of physical simulation module AU kinematic 3D model was visualized and Finite Element Analysis mesh was created. Studied model is in fixation places of three-point hinged system. Load of 50 N was applied to the guideway in fixation places of MPP working elements over the entire surface. Dynamic characteristics of AU for MPP, frequency analysis, stress-strain state analysis of structure and its components were done. Resonance frequencies values were obtained. Tension concentration zones 50 mm from the upper fixation point of actuator towards guideway were determinated. Their maximum values reach 40 MPa. Tension dispersion distribution features in these zones are found, model's equivalent tension spectra are obtained. The resonance frequencies equal 0.2-9.2 rad/s at different modes of vibration of the AU. Resistance to impact of sinusoidal vibration is revealed. The found resonance frequencies are outside the range of the frequencies influencing the AU in case of its operation and transportation. The modeling uncertainty is not more than 5%. In case of loading of the AU with MPP working elements (magnetic inductors) of 50 N vertical offset of a guideway is1.16 mm. The developed AU of manipulating type, with the simplified construction and the reduced metal consumption, allows to automate completely magnetic-pulse processing of plants with a possibility of automatic adjustment to different agrotechnological parameters of plantings. Frequency of impulse and luminous radiation and time of exposure is showed on control box of the electronic device. | Проанализированы особенности конструкции технологического адаптера (ТА) с электронным прибором магнитно-импульсной обработки (МИО) растений. ТА необходим для облучения растений низкочастотным магнитным полем в диапазоне от 0 до 100 Гц с одновременным дополнительным синхронным облучением импульсами видимого света с длинами волн 445 и 650 нм. Оптимальная конструкция подобного ТА - электроцилиндры с электронными элементами управления, закрепленные на раме. В программной среде Solid Works/Simulation с помощью модуля физического моделирования визуализирована кинематическая 3D-модель ТА и создана сетка конечных элементов (Finite Element Analysis, FEA). Исследуемая модель расположена в местах крепления трехточечной навесной системы. К направляющей в месте крепления рабочих органов МИО приложена нагрузка по всей поверхности 50 Н. Проведены оценка динамических качеств ТА МИО, частотный анализ, а также анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния конструкции и узлов. Получены значения резонансных частот. Установлены зоны концентрации напряжений в 50 мм от верхней точки крепления актуатора к направляющей. Их максимальные значения достигают 40 мПа. Выявлены особенности распределения дисперсии напряжений в этих зонах, получены спектры эквивалентных напряжений модели. Найдены значения резонансных частот в диапазоне 0,2-9,2 рад/с на различных режимах вибрации ТА. Выявлена стойкость к воздействию синусоидальной вибрации. моделирования не превышает 5%. При нагрузке ТА рабочими органами МИО (магнитными индукторами) 50 Н вертикальное смещение направляющей составляет 1,16 мм. Разрабатываемый технологический адаптер манипуляторного типа, с упрощенной конструкцией и сниженной металлоемкостью, позволяет полностью автоматизировать процесс магнитно-импульсной обработки растений с возможностью автоматической настройки к различным агротехнологическим параметрам насаждений. Частота импульсно-светового излучения и время экспозиции выставляется на блоке управления электронного прибора.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Kulikov, I.M., All-Russia Selection and Technological Inst. of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Moscow

During the years of agrarian transformation, the area of fruit and small fruit plantings in agricultural organizations declined sharply due to low investment attractiveness and high labor intensity of the branch. Indicators of gardening efficiency in the agricultural organizations of Russia for 2010-2015 were analyzed. Tendencies of growth of productivity, profit per 1 ha, profitability are found. However, the achieved level does not allow the expanded reproduction in the branch. Factors maintaining the growth of economic efficiency of fruit production were found: lower than in the western countries competitiveness of domestic horticultural products; increased share of imported fruit products in the domestic market; not sufficient level of state support for the orchards and care for young plantations; monopoly of processing industry enterprises, disparity of prices in commodity exchange between horticulture and other sectors of the economy, high rates of inflation. Priority directions of development of horticulture involve extensive use of domestic production technology of fruit production, adapted to local climatic conditions, creation of gardens of intensive type, reconstruction of perennial plants on the basis of scientific garden rotation, development of agro-industrial integration and other scientific developments of Russian scientists in the field of breeding of fruit and small fruit crops, mechanization of production processes, storage, processing and commodity processing production, growing of planting material, adapted to local climatic conditions. It is necessary to increase funding for the branch to increase the investment attractiveness of the gardening. Level of state support increase up to 50%, stubbing of gardens – up to 80% of the costs, differentiation of the level of state support depending on the density of plantings are needed to stimulate planting. | За годы аграрных преобразований резко сократилась площадь плодовых и ягодных насаждений в с.-х. организациях из-за низкой инвестиционной привлекательности и высокой трудоемкости отрасли. Проанализированы показатели эффективности садоводства в с.-х. организациях России за 2010-2015 гг. Выявлены тенденции роста урожайности, прибыли на 1 га, рентабельности. Однако достигнутый уровень не позволяет вести расширенное воспроизводство в отрасли. Выявлены факторы, сдерживающие рост экономической эффективности производства плодово-ягодной продукции: более низкая, чем на Западе, конкурентоспособность отечественной продукции садоводства: увеличение доли импортной плодовой продукции на внутреннем рынке; недостаточный уровень государственной поддержки закладки садов и ухода за молодыми насаждениями; монополизм предприятий перерабатывающей промышленности, диспаритет цен в товарном обмене между садоводством и другими отраслями народного хозяйства, высокие темпы инфляции. Приоритетные направления развития садоводства предусматривают широкое использование отечественных технологий производства плодово-ягодной продукции, адаптированных к местным природно-климатическим условиям, закладку садов интенсивного типа, реконструкцию многолетних насаждений на базе научно обоснованного садооборота. Они также включают развитие агропромышленной интеграции и других научных разработок российских ученых в области селекции плодовых и ягодных культур, механизацию производственных процессов, хранения, переработки и товарной обработки продукции, выращивания посадочного материала, адаптированных к местным природно-климатическим условиям. Для повышения инвестиционной привлекательности садоводства необходимо увеличить финансирование отрасли. Для стимулирования закладки насаждений нужно поднять уровень государственной поддержки до 50%, раскорчевки садов – до 80% затрат, дифференцировать ее уровень в зависимости от плотности посадки насаждений.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Oh, S., National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Moon, K.H., National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Koh, S.C., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea

We investigated growth, clove development, and photosystem II activity in garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown under different day/night temperature regimes using Soil-Plant-Atmosphere - Research (SPAR) chambers to determine the optimum cultivation temperature and to assess the impact of temperature stress on garlic. In the early stages of growth, plant growth increased markedly with temperature. At harvest time, however, the pseudostem diameter decreased significantly under a relatively low day/night temperature range (14/10 - 17/12℃), suggesting that these temperature conditions favor regular bulb growth. At harvest time, the bulb diameter and height were great at 14/10 - 23/18℃, whereas the bulb fresh weight and number of cloves per bulb were greatest at 17/12 - 20/15℃. However, the number of regularly developed cloves per bulb was highest at the relatively low temperature range of 14/10 - 17/12℃, as were the clove length and fresh weight. The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) of photosystem II in the leaves of garlic plants were higher at 14/10 - 20/15℃ and lower at temperatures below 14/10°C or above 20/15℃, implying that the 14/10 - 20/15℃ temperature range is favorable, whereas temperatures outside this range are stressful for garlic growth. Furthermore, at temperatures above 20/15℃, secondary growth of garlic, defined as lateral bud differentiation into secondary plants, continuous growth of the cloves of the primary plants, or the growth of bulbil buds into secondary plants, was enhanced. Therefore, to achieve commercial production of fresh scapes and bulbs of garlic, it may be better to grow garlic at relatively low temperature ranges of 14/10 - 17/12℃.

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Korea Agricultural Science Digital Library - Republic of Korea

2017

Lee, H.B., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | An, S.K., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Lee, S.Y., Korea National Arboretum, Yangpyeong, Republic of Korea | Kim, K.S., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

This study was conducted to determine the effects of artificial lighting sources on vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis (an intergeneric hybrid of Doritis and Phalaenopsis) orchids. One - month - old plants were cultivated under fluorescent lamps, cool - white light - emitting diodes (LEDs), or warm - white LEDs at 80 and 160 μmolㆍm-² ㆍs-¹. The blue (400 - 500 nm) : green (500 - 600 nm) : red (600 - 700 nm) : far - red (700 - 800 nm) ratios of the fluorescent lamps, cool-white LEDs, and warm-white LEDs were 1 : 1.3 : 0.8 : 0.1, 1 : 1.3 : 0.6 : 0.1, and 1 : 2.7 : 2.3 : 0.4, respectively. Each light treatment was maintained for 16 weeks in a closed plant-production system maintained at 28℃ with a 12 h photoperiod. The longest leaf span, as well as the leaf length and width of the uppermost mature leaf, were observed in plants treated with warm-white LEDs. Plants grown under fluorescent lamps had longer and wider leaves with a greater leaf span than plants grown under cool-white LEDs, while the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II was higher under cool-white LEDs. The vegetative responses affected by different lighting sources were similar at both 80 and 160 μmolㆍm-² ㆍs-¹. Leaf span and root biomass were increased by the higher light intensity in both cultivars, while the relative chlorophyll content was decreased. These results indicate that relatively high intensity light can promote vegetative growth of young Phalaenopsis plants, and that warm - white LEDs, which contain a high red-light ratio, are a better lighting source for the growth of these plants than the cool-white LEDs or fluorescent lamps. These results could therefore be useful in the selection of artificial lighting to maximize vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis plants in a closed plant - production system.

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Korea Agricultural Science Digital Library - Republic of Korea