AGRIS - 

2023

Lavrent'eva, S.I. | Bondarenko, O.N. | Blinova, A.A. | Penzin, A.A. | Timkin, P.D. | Ivachenko, L.E. | Nikul'chev, K.A. | Aseeva, T.A. | Butovets, E.S. | Golokhvast, K.S.

The research aimed to study the molecular genetic polymorphism of wild and cultivated soybeans in the Far East region using protein enzymes and SSR markers. Seeds of 6 varieties and 2 forms of wild soybean grown in the Amur region ('Alena', 'Kitrossa', 'Sonata', 'Harmoniya'), Khabarovsk ('Batya', wild soybean XK) and 'Primorsky' (KZ-6337) territories served as the material. The specific activity of hydrolytic enzymes and oxidoreductases was determined in seeds by a spectrophotometric or photocolorimetric method, multiple forms were determined by electrophoresis, and genomic DNA was isolated by a modified CTAB method. For molecular genetic analysis of DNA, 11 pairs of SSR primers were used with an annealing temperature of 45 to 60 degrees Celsius. An increased specific activity of oxidoreductases was found in the seeds of wild soybean samples from the Amur Region and Khabarovsk Territory (for superoxide dis-mutase130.74 and 156.04 units/mg of protein, respectively; for peroxidase, 701.42 and 465.39 units/mg of protein), which corresponds to a small number of their plural forms (respectively 5 and 1). An increased specific activity of the hydrolase complex was established for the 'Kitross' soybean (ribonuclease – 0.24 units/mg of protein; esterases – 0.118 units/mg of protein; acid phosphatases – 0.125 units/mg of protein; amylase – 78.09 units/mg of protein). In other studied samples, the specific activity of ribonucleases in most cases was in the range of 0.09-0.13 ± 0.01 units/mg of protein, esterases – 0.052-0.095 units/mg of protein, acid phosphatases – 0.060-0.088 units/mg of protein, amylase – 7.20-74.08 units/mg of protein. The 'Alena' differed from other studied varieties in 7 microsatellite loci, the 'Batya' differed from the Primorskaya-96 variety in 6 out of 11 loci, and the wild soybean forms were similar in three loci (E178, K135, M170), which indicates their genetic remoteness, which is confirmed by the dendrogram. | Исследования проводили с целью изучения молекулярно-генетического полиморфизма дикой и культурной сои Дальневосточного региона с использованием ферментов белковых и SSR-маркеров. Материалом служили семена 6 сортов и 2 форм дикой сои, выращенные в Амурской области (Алена, Китросса, Соната, Гармония), Хабаровском (Батя, дикая соя ХК) и Приморском (КЗ-6337) краях. Удельную активность гидролитических ферментов и оксидоредуктаз определяли в семенах спектрофотометрическим или фотоколориметрическим методом, множественные формы – методом электрофореза, геномную ДНК выделяли модифицированным СТАВ-методом. Для молекулярно-генетического анализа ДНК использовали 11 пар SSR-праймеров с температурой отжига от 45 до 60 град. С. Повышенная удельная активность оксидоредуктаз выявлена в семенах образцов дикой сои Амурской области и Хабаровского края (для супероксиддисмутазы соответственно 130,74 и 156,04 ед./мг белка; для пероксидазы – 701,42 и 465,39 ед./мг белка), что соотносится с небольшим количеством их множественных форм (соответственно 5 и 1). Повышенная удельная активность гидролазного комплекса установлена для сорта сои Китросса (рибонуклеазы – 0,24 ед./мг белка; эстеразы – 0,118 ед./мг белка; кислых фосфатаз – 0,125 ед./мг белка, амилазы – 78,09 ед./мг белка). У других исследуемых образцов удельная активность рибонуклеаз в большинстве случаев находились в пределах 0,09…0,13 ед./мг белка, эстераз – 0,052…0,095 ед./мг белка, кислых фосфатаз – 0,060…0,088 ед./мг белка, амилаз – 7,20…74,08 ед./мг белка. Сорт Алена отличался от других исследуемых сортов по 7 микросателлитным локусам, сорт Батя – от сорта Приморская-96 по 6 из 11 локусов, а формы дикой сои были схожи по трем локусам (E178, K135, M170), что свидетельствует об их генетической удаленности, которая подтверждается дендрограммой.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Blinova, A.A. | Tarasova, O.N. | Razantsvej, D.R. | Ivachenko, L.E.

Fungal pathogen Septoria glycines Hemmi causes oxidative stress in plants. It is accompanied by increased formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzymes of the oxidoreductase class (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) are important in formation of plant's protective and adaptive reaction to stress. The research aim was to study the change in these enzyme activities in soybean seeds under conditions of fungal infection S. glycines. The studies were carried out in 2020. G. max seeds used were of the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans breeding. The activity of SOD and CAT was determined by spectrophotometric method; POD and PPO activity – by colorimetric method; electrophoretic spectra of enzymes – by PAG electrophoresis. The protein content was determined by the Lowry method; malonic dialdehyde (MDA) – by reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The pathogen influence leads to an increase in MDA content; it indicates the occurrence of oxidative stress accompanied by a change in the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as a change in their multiple forms. Among the studied soybean varieties, only 'Sentyabrinka' had a low content of MDA (0.09 mcmol/g of raw mass), which means that oxidative stress was insignificant. Moreover, we additionally noted a low specific activity of SOD (44.69 units/mg of protein), as well as a maximum decrease in the activity of POD (0.97 units/mg of protein) and PPO (0.30 units/mg of protein). The enzyme electrophoresis revealed high SOD heterogeneity (from 6 to 12 forms) and POD (from 1 to 5); low heterogeneity of CAT and PPO (from 1 to 3 forms). The enzyme electrophoresis method revealed high heterogeneity of SOD (6-12 forms) and POD (1-5), low heterogeneity of CAT and PPO (1-3 forms). For the studied varieties of soybean, stable and steady forms of SOD11, SOD12, SOD14, CAT5, POD12, POD17, PPO14 enzymes were established. In infected soybean seeds, forms of SOD13, SOD15, CAT8, POD14 and PPO15 were found. High SOD and POD heterogeneity, as well as sensitivity to external factors, allow using them as markers of adaptation to the pathogen S. glycines Hemmi. | Гриб Septoria glycines Hemmi. вызывает окислительный стресс в растениях сои. Это сопровождается усилением образования активных форм кислорода и перекисного окисления липидов. В формировании защитно-приспособительной реакции растения на стресс участвуют ферменты-антиоксиданты класса оксидоредуктазы (супероксиддисмутаза (СОД), каталаза (КАТ), пероксидаза (ПОД), полифенолоксидаза (ПФО)). Изучали изменение активности этих ферментов в семенах сои в условиях грибковой инфекции S. glycines. Исследования проводили на семенах селекции ФНЦ "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сои" в 2020 г. Активность СОД и КАТ определяли спектрофотометрически, активность ПОД и ПФО – колориметрически, электрофоретические спектры ферментов – методом электрофореза в полиакриламидном геле. Содержание белка определяли методом Лоури; малоновый диальдегид (МДА) – по реакции с тиобарбитуровой кислотой. Под влиянием патогена повышается содержание МДА, что свидетельствует об окислительном стресса. Он сопровождается изменением удельной активности антиоксидантных ферментов и изменением их множественных форм. Среди исследованных сортов сои для сорта Сентябринка выявлено низкое содержание МДА (0,09 мкмоль/г сырой массы), т.е. слабый окислительный стресс, на фоне которого была установлена невысокая удельная активность СОД (44,69 ед./мг белка) и максимальное снижение активности ПОД (0,97 ед./мг белка) и ПФО (0,30 ед./мг белка). Методом энзим-электрофореза выявили высокую гетерогенность СОД (от 6 до 12 форм) и ПОД (от 1 до 5), низкую − КАТ и ПФО (1-3 формы). Для исследуемых сортов сои установлены стабильные и устойчивые формы ферментов СОД11, СОД12, СОД14, КАТ5, ПОД12, ПОД17, ПФО14. В заражённых семенах сои часто обнаруживали формы СОД13, СОД15, КАТ8, ПОД14 и ПФО15. Высокая гетерогенность СОД и ПОД, а также чувствительность к воздействию внешних факторов позволяет использовать их в качестве маркеров адаптации к патогену S. glycines Hemmi.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Bashkin, V.N. | Prokhorov, I.S.

The PIKSA biocompost was applied in situ in the Stavropol region to recultivate degraded soil plot. The trial results are presented below. The compost was obtained by accelerated fermentation of a peat-and-manure mix, which was then enriched with soil microorganisms and nutrients; the finished product was applied at doses of 6.5 and 13.0 kg/m2. For the purpose of phytoremediation, perennial grasses were sown in disturbed areas. Efficiency of biocompost application for recultivation of the pyrogenic soils located at gas industry object (berm of the storage pit) is shown. During 42 days of experiment, catalase activity in dependence of applied biocompost dose increased by 1.4 and 1.6 times; dehydrogenase by 2.5 and 3.0 times; amount (weight) of perennial grasses increased respectively by 1.8 and 2.3 times. When biocompost has been applied for recultivation of soils contaminated by hydrocarbons at booster compressor station (purge candle) for 42 days, activity of catalase in dependence of compost dose increased by 1.9 and 2.4 times; dehydrogenase by 5.8 and 8.9 times, amount of perennial grasses increased respectively by 8.6 and 16.9 times. Addition of biocompost to slime of gas condensate, that was stored at an accumulation pond resulted in sustainable activity of catalase (3.3 ml О2/(min*g)) and dehydrogenase (11 mg С19Н16N4)/(g*day)) at 42 day. At the start moment of the experiment, this activity was not detected. Tests of biocompost as well as Bioros biopreparation at destruction of gas condensate and oil hydrocarbons in vitro in the Moscow region also confirmed efficiency of these agents contributing increase in soil enzymes activity and soil fertility. | Представлены результаты изучения действия in situ биокомпоста "ПИКСА" при восстановлении нарушенных почв в Ставропольском крае. Компост получали путем ускоренной ферментации торфонавозной смеси, которую затем обогащали почвенными микроорганизмами и питательными веществами; вносили в дозах 6,5 и 13,0 кг/м2. В целях фиторемедиации на нарушенных участках высевали многолетние злаковые травы. Показана эффективность использования биокомпоста для рекультивации пирогенных почв, прилегающих к круглому контуру объекта газовой промышленности (берме амбара). В течение 42 суток эксперимента активность каталазы в зависимости от дозы внесения возрастала соответственно в 1,4 и 1,6; дегидрогеназы – в 2,5 и 3,0 раза, при этом биомасса многолетних злаковых трав увеличивалась, соответственно, в 1,8 и 2,3 раза. При использовании биокомпоста для рекультивации загрязненных углеводородами почв на территории дожимной компрессорной станции ("продувочная свеча") в течение 42 суток активность каталазы в зависимости от дозы внесения повышалась в 1,9 и 2,4 раза; дегидрогеназы – в 5,8 и 8,9 раза. При этом биомасса многолетних злаковых трав возрастала, соответственно, в 8,6 и 16,9 раза. Добавление биокомпоста в шлам газового конденсата, хранившегося в пруде-накопителе, привело к появлению устойчивой активности каталазы (3,3 мл О2/(мин*г)) и дегидрогеназы (11 мг С19Н16N4)/(г*сут)) на 42-е сутки (в начале эксперимента активность отсутствовала). Испытания биокомпоста, а также биопрепарата "Биорос" при разложении газового конденсата и углеводородов нефти in vitro в Московской области также подтвердили их эффективность в плане повышения ферментативной активности почвы и восстановления ее плодородия.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Minnikova, T.V. | Ruseva, A.S. | Kolesnikov, S.I.

The activity of 7 enzymes of the classes of oxidoreductases (OR) and hydrolases (HL) of chernozem soil contaminated with oil (OCS) at a concentration of 5% of the soil weight was studied. Biochar (5% of the soil weight), sodium humate (0.5 % solution), nitroammophos (0.2% of the soil mass), and Baikal EM-1 biofertilizer (2% solution) were used as remediants (RM). RM was also used in half (D0.5) and doubled (D2) doses. In 90 days after applying RM, changes in the activity of catalase, dehydrogenase, peroxidase, ferrireductase, invertase, urease and phosphatase were evaluated. The integral indicator of soil biological activity (IPBA) and the geometric mean of soil enzymatic activity (GMea) were calculated separately for the OR and GL classes. The soil biological activity integral indicator of (BAII) and the geometric mean of soil enzymatic activity (GMea) were calculated separately for the OR and HL classes. During the remediation of OCS, biochar and Baikal EM-1 had the greatest stimulating effect on the activity of the OR and HL of the soil in the concentration of D05, and nitroammophos and sodium humate – in D2. At a dose of D05 nitroammophos and biochar the maximum stimulation of BAII relative to control and OCS was established. The application of nitroammophos stimulated the activity of 3 of 7 enzymes, and the application of biochar stimulated 5 of 7 enzymes relative to the OCS. The greatest effectiveness of nitroammophos is mainly defined by excessive stimulation of the activity of ordinary chernozem urease. Values of GMea of OR and HL were stimulated relative to control at a dose of D05 of each RM. A number of the sensitivity of the enzymes of OCS has been compiled after the application of RM in descending order: ferrireductase - peroxidase - urease - phosphatase – dehydrogenase - invertase- catalase. With the remediation of OCS, the greatest stimulating effect on the activity of the OR and HL of the soil is exerted by RM at a concentration of D05. It is recommended to use the activity of ferrireductase, peroxidase, urease and phosphatase for the biodiagnostics of the ecological state of chernozem OCS. | Изучили активность 7 ферментов классов оксидоредуктаз (ОР) и гидролаз (ГЛ) черноземной почвы, загрязненной нефтью (НЗП) в концентрации 5% от массы почвы. Как ремедианты (РМ) использовали биочар (5% от массы почвы), гумат натрия (0,5%-ный раствор), нитроаммофос (0,2% от массы почвы), и биоудобрение "Байкал ЭМ-1" (2%-ный раствор). РМ применяли также в половинных (Д0,5) и удвоенных (Д2) дозах. Через 90 сут после внесения РМ оценивали изменение активности каталазы, дегидрогеназ, пероксидаз, ферриредуктаз, инвертазы, уреазы и фосфатазы. Вычисляли интегральный показатель биологической активности почв (ИПБА) и среднее геометрическое ферментативной активности почв (GMea) по классам ОР и ГЛ отдельно. При ремедиации НЗП наибольшее стимулирующее воздействие на активность ОР и ГЛ почвы биочар и "Байкал ЭМ-1" оказали в концентрации Д05, а нитроаммофос и гумата натрия – в Д2. При дозе Д05 нитроаммофоса и биочара установлена максимальная стимуляция ИПБА относительно контроля и НЗП. Внесение нитроаммофоса стимулировало активность 3 из 7 ферментов, а внесение биочара - 5 из 7 ферментов относительно НЗП. Наибольшая эффективность нитроаммофоса в основном обусловлена чрезмерной стимуляцией активности уреазы чернозема обыкновенного. Значения GMea ОР и ГЛ были простимулированы относительно контроля при дозе Д05 каждого РМ. Составлен ряд по мере убывания чувствительности ферментов НЗП после внесения РМ: ферриредуктазы - пероксидазы - уреаза - фосфатаза - дегидрогеназы - инвертаза - каталаза. По степени восстановления ферментативной активности (% от нефтезагрязнения) НЗП ремедианты образуют ряд: нитроаммофос - биочар - гумат натрия - "Байкал ЭМ-1". При ремедиации НЗП наибольшее стимулирующее воздействие на активность ОР и ГЛ почвы оказывают РМ в концентрации Д05. Для биодиагностики экологического состояния черноземных НЗП рекомендовано использовать активность ферриредуктаз, пероксидаз, уреазы и фосфатазы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Levshenko, M.T. | Borchenkova, L.A. | Kanevskij, B.L. | Pokudina, G.P. | Shishkina, N.S., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Conservation Technology, Moscow Region

A possibility of blanching of potatoes prepared for quickly freezing and cut into cubes having a size of 13x13x13 mm by treating them with a UHF field with a capacity of 450 and 600 W during 10-90 s was studied. As control potato cubes (PC) blanched in boiling water for 1-3 min were used. In the study there was used a household microwave oven. The blanching efficiency was estimated by activity of the most thermally resistant enzymes – oxidase and peroxidase. To determine the oxidase activity, an aqueous alcohol solution of alpha-naphthol and dimethyl-n- phenylenediamine (so called oxidase test) were used, and to determine the peroxidase activity, - hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide were used. The indicator solutions were applied to a fresh potato cut-off. The activity of enzymes was determined before and after PC storage in frozen state. After blanching the microbial contamination of PC was determined. It has been found that the full activation of oxidase on the surface and inside PC under blanching in boiling water occurs after 2.5 and 2.0 min, and peroxidase – after 3 and 3 min, respectively. When treating PC with a UHF field with a capacity of 450 and 600 W, the full activation of oxidase and peroxidase both on the surface and inside PC lasted 50 and 40 s, respectively. The capability of oxidase and peroxidase to be reactivated after storing PC in frozen state was not detected for all methods of blanching. The treatment with a UHF field with a capacity of 450W reduced the contamination of PC more than 100 times; with a capacity of signal of 600 W the full inhibition of bacterial microflora took place. It has been concluded that the method of UHF-filed treatment may be successfully used in the process of potato preparation for freezing. | Изучали возможность бланширования (БЛ) картофеля, подготовленного к быстрому замораживанию и нарезанного кубиками размером 13x13x13 мм, путем обработки его СВЧ-полем мощностью 450 и 600 ВТ в течение 10-90 с. В качестве контроля использовали кубики картофеля (КК), прошедших БЛ в кипящей воде в течение 1-3 мин. В исследованиях использовали бытовую микроволновую печь. Об эффективности БЛ судили по активности наиболее термоустойчивых ферментов– оксидазы (ОК) и пероксидазы (ПО). Для определения активности ОК использовали водно-спиртовой раствор альфа-нафтола и диметил-n-фенилендиамина (т.н. оксидазный тест), а для определения активности ПО – растворы гидрохинона и перекиси водорода. Индикаторные растворы наносили на свежий срез КК. Активность ферментов определяли до и после хранения КК в замороженном состоянии. После проведения БЛ определяли микробиологическую обсемененность КК. Установили, что полная инактивация ОК на поверхности и внутри КК при БЛ в кипящей воде происходит через 1,5 и 2,0 мин, а ПО – через 3 и 3 мин соответственно. При обработке КК СВЧ-полем мощностью 450 и 600 Вт полная инактивация ОК и ПО как на поверхности, так и внутри КК проходила за 50 и 40 с соответственно. Способность ОК и ПО восстанавливать свою активность после хранения КК в замороженном состоянии не обнаружена при всех способах БЛ. Обработка КК СВЧ-полем мощностью 450 Вт обеспечивала снижение обсемененности КК более чем в 100 раз, при мощности сигнала в 600 Вт происходило полное ингибирование бактериальной микрофлоры. Сделан вывод что, способ термообработки в СВЧ-поле может быть успешно применен в технологическом процессе подготовки картофеля к замораживанию.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Radyukina, L.N. | Shashukova, A.V. | Shevyakova, N.I., Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Salvia officinalis L. plants were grown in a water culture to the stage of 4–5 true leaves. The they were treated by proline (PN) added to the nutrient medium to a final concentration of 5 milli mole or by ultraviolet-B light (12 300 joule/square meter for 10 minutes) or were subjected to combined action of these factors for 12, 24, 36, or 48 hours. Activity of proline dehydrogenase (PDH), a content of PN and contents of free and conjugated polyamines were determined in the leaves and roots. It was shown that a content of endogenous PN was close to zero in the control untreated plants and it was 9 micro mole/gram in the roots after 12 h of exposure, whereas in the leaves the content increased only after 24 h and achieved 1 micro mole/g. A content of free putrescine increased in the leaves and especially in the roots after 10-min irradiation with Uv-B light. A biosynthesis of putrescine was induced in presence of PN in medium and was observed earlier than after Uv-B irradiation. Uv-B irradiation also induced accumulation of their soluble conjugates. Exogenous PN enhanced putrescine synthesis but inhibited the formation of polyamine soluble conjugates. At combined treatment of the 2 factors, the content of free putrescine in the leaves displayed a tendency to the rise and in the roots, to the decrease. At the same time, the content of polyamine free conjugates increased in both leaves and roots. All these facts could be considered as an indirect indication of relationship between PN and polyamine biosyntheses. An artificially created high PN concentration characterized of its low constitutive level resulted in disturbances in a homeostasis of low-molecular cell metabolites and induced a requirement in its restoration by diverse ways. Induction of polyamine biosynthesis and changes in a content of their soluble conjugates might be one of the ways for such restoration. A high PN concentration is not toxic for plants under stress conditions, because polyamines and PN are components of a plant defense system, thus weakening damage effects of abiotic stressors.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Timerbaev, V.R. | Dolgov, S.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow

In order to increase the shelf-life of biotechnological tcmato fruits, binary vectors that trigger the process of RNA interferention have been constructed. A tomato gene for ACC oxidase, a key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis, was selected as target. The gene construction was based on a full-size sequence of the 4 exon of the 496-bp gene LeACO1. The effect of orientation of the repeats on the efficiency of RNA iterferention was investigated. To this end, two possible expression cassettes with opposite relative positions of the repeats, antisense-sense and sense-antisense were designed. As a result of agrobacterial transformation of the line Yalf tomato, 28 and 19 lines with each of the above orientation, respectively, were obtained. The insertion of a selective gene for kanamycin resistance was confirmed in all lines by PCR, whereas the occurrence of the target insertion was determined in 27 and 18 lines, respectively. A significant delay in fruit ripening in the majority of the analyzed lines with antisense-sense DNA-fragment orientation was observed; the fruits harvested at the blange stage retained good quality during 3-4 months of storage. The fruits with the opposite orientation had the same maturation characteristics as in the control plants. We also observed the dynamics of the development of fruit color during storage under controlled conditions for 140 days.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Maksimov, I.V. | Valeev, A.Sh. | Chierepanova, E.A. | Yarullina, L.G., Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Center (Russian Federation). Institute of Biochemistry and Cytochemistry of Wounds

The effect of two strains of the phytopathogenic fungus Septoria nodorum Berk, of different virulence on the intensity of local generation of hydrogen peroxide in common wheat leaves and the role of oxi-doreductases in this process was studied. Differences in the pattern of hydrogen peroxide production in wheat plants infected with high- and low-virulence pathogen strains have been found. The low-virulent S. nodorum strain caused a long-term hydrogen peroxide (H202) generation in the infection zone, whereas the inoculation of leaves with the highly virulent strain resulted in a transient short-term increase in the H202 concentration at the initial moment of contact between the plant and the fungus. It was shown that the low level of H202 production by plant cells at the initial stages of pathogenesis facilitates 5. nodorum growth and development. The decrease in the H202 concentration induced by the highly virulent S. nodorum strain is determined by inhibition of the oxalate oxidase activity in plant tissues and by the ability of the fungus to actively synthesize an extracellular catalase. The pattern of hydrogen peroxide generation at the initial stages of septoriosis may serve as an index of virulence of S. nodorum population

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Polityko, V.A. | Kornev, K.P., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Phytopathology, Moscow Region (Russian Federation) | Kirsanova, S.N., The A.G. Lorkh All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Potato Production, Moscow Region (Russian Federation) | Karlov, A.N., Russian State Agrarian Univ., Moscow (Russian Federation) | Kochetov, A.V. | Kolodyazhnaya, Ya.S., Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk (Russian Federation). Institute of Cytology and Genetics | Ignatov, A.I.

The experiments involved genetically modified potato plants of Nikulinsky variety carrying gene of Arabidopsis proline dehydrogenase arranged in antisense orientation. They were studied for resistance to some bacterial pathogens (strains of Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas genera) – causing agents of different bacterial blights, brown rot, bacterial wilts. The potato variety Zhoukovsky susceptible of bacterial pathogens was the control. The infestation of plants was carried out by different methods to estimate the resistance: immersing sprout tops into a bacterial suspension, infection to a stem, infesting separate leaves. Tubers obtained from meristems plants were also incubated by several methods. No symptoms of disease were found in the variants of weakened infestation with soft rot agents in genetically modified potato plants, whereas in the control variant they were present. When infesting with specialized pathogens of clavibacteria group and brown rot agents the advantage of the genetically modified potato plants exhibited only in some combinations plant-pathogen. It is concluded that the increased content of proline in plant cells increases their resistance to bacterial blights in stress conditions

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Kutuzova, N.M. | Devyatnikov, D.D. | Sibirtseva, E.D. | Yanykina, E.A. | Koval', I.A. | Frolova, A.V., Moscow State Educational Univ.

Colorado beetle (CB) was tested under the influence of met-enkephalin (ME). Its enzyme complexes of degydrogenases, esterases and phosphatases and their resistance to a hormonal load were estimated. Two micro liters of the solution of ME of 10E-6 Mole/l was injected into the 3d abdominal segment and bidistilled water was done into the ones of control insects. Enzyme activity was tested in the total of CB homogenate after 60 minutes of ME influence. Fractionation of soluble proteins was done by enzyme electrophoresis in 5.52% polyacrylamide gel. The activity of multiple enzyme forms were estimated by spike areas of densitograms received as a result of gel column scanning by a laser densitometer. It was proved that ME changed the activity of key enzymes of glucose metabolism, it decreased activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and increased activity of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. It was found out that ME activated lightly nonmobile by electrophoresis acetylcholinesterases and inhibited high-mobile carboxyesterases. Thus, the esterase complex of CB was the less sensitive to ME. ME had a selective effect on the phosphatase complex. ME had the strongest effect on high mobile forms of acid phosphatase with specific electrophoretic mobility (SEM) of 0.53; 0.59 and 0.63. Their activity increased under opiod action by 125, 46 and 31% respectively. Activity of a form decreased by 7% in compare with the control one and the high molecular form of acid phosphatase with SEM of 0.18 was not sensitive to ME. Neuropeptides were considered to be prospect for pest control and to be an alternative of modern antibiotics. The conclusion was done because they could control a lot of processes in an insect organism and they were not harmful for environment.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation