AGRIS - 

Data provenance by Country

2023

Denisova, E.A. | Goryainova, G.M. | Arsen'eva, L.V. | Babunova, V.S. | Lavina, S.A. | Obukhov, I.L.

The technique for determining the residual amounts of antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) and anthelmintic substances in fish products was tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunomicrochip technology used in the study were determined. Residual amounts of anthelmintic drugs in different fish species were determined in accordance with the Randox Laboratories Ltd instructions for the Evidence investigator semi-automated scanning chemiluminometer and the Anthelmintics Array test system. To determine the residual amounts of AMDs in fish the Antimicrobial Array I Ultra, Antimicrobial Array II Plus and Antimicrobial Array III test systems were used. Reference tests were carried out by the express method of determining antibiotics according to the current State Standard (GOST 31903-2012). Using the Anthelmintics Array test system, the detection limit (DL) of 7 active substances ranging from 0.15 to 6.50 mcg/L was found out. The data obtained were more accurate than those claimed by the manufacturer. A similar work was carried out with Antimicrobial Array line test systems. It has been established that with the help of Antimicrobial Array I Ultra, it is possible to simultaneously determine up to 30 AMDs and sulfonamides from 1.6 to 6.5 mcg/L; Antimicrobial Array II Plus – up to 30 AMDs (including 9 tetracyclines and 18 quinolones) with DL of 0.9 to 14.0 mcg/L; Antimicrobial Array III – 12 AMDs, including chloramphenicol, with DL of 0.06 to 0.20 mcg/L. Further, the studies have confirmed the high specificity of the method, the absence of cross-reactions between drugs of different groups. No residues of AMDs and anthelmintic drugs were found in fish samples taken from commercial enterprises. The tested technique has been recognized as promising for monitoring and screening studies of fish products. | Апробировали методику определения остаточных количеств антибактериальных препаратов (АБП) и антигельминтных веществ в рыбной продукции. Определяли чувствительность и специфичность иммуномикрочиповой технологии, применяемой в исследовании. Остаточные количества антигельминтных препаратов в рыбе разных видов определяли в соответствии с инструкциями фирмы Randox Laboratories Ltd к полуавтоматическому сканирующему хемилюминометру Evidence investigator и к тест-системе Anthelmintics Array. Для определения остаточных количеств АБП в рыбе использовали тест-системы Antimicrobial Array I Ultra, Antimicrobial Array II Plus, Antimicrobial Array III. Контрольные испытания проводили экспресс-методом определения антибиотиков согласно ГОСТ 31903-2012. С помощью тест-системы Anthelmintics Array был установлен предел обнаружения (ПО) 7 действующих веществ, составивший от 0,15 до 6,50 мкг/л. Полученные данные были более точными, чем заявленные производителем. Аналогичную работу провели с тест-системами линейки Antimicrobial Array. Установили, что с помощью Antimicrobial Array I Ultra можно одновременно определить до 30 АБП и сульфаниламидов с ПО 1,6-6,5 мкг/л; Antimicrobial Array II Plus – до 30 АБП (включая 9 тетрациклинов и 18 хинолонов) с ПО 0,9-14,0 мкг/л; Antimicrobial Array III – 12 АБП, в т.ч. хлорамфеникол, с ПО 0,06-0,20 мкг/л. Далее исследованиями подтвердили высокую специфичность метода, отсутствие перекрестных реакций между препаратами разных групп. В образцах рыбы, отобранных из торговых предприятий, остатков АБП и антигельминтных препаратов не выявили. Протестированная методика признана перспективной при проведении мониторинговых и скрининговых исследований рыбной продукции.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Drovovozova, T.I. | Panenko, N.N. | Kulakova, E.S.

Выявляли причины несоблюдения предельно допустимой концентрации веществ 4э класса опасности для водных объектов рыбохозяйственного значения (ПДКрх) в контрольном створе малых рек – приемников дренажно-сбросных вод (ДСВ). Объект исследования – р. Солёная Семикаракорского района Ростовской области, территория водосбора которой представляет собой типичный для региона антропогенно преобразованный агроландшафт. В качестве фоновых концентраций использовались данные из официальных справок о фоновых концентрациях в исследуемом водном объекте в створе на 500 м выше выпуска ДСВ. Смоделированы процессы разбавления солеобразующих ионов, относящихся к 4э классу опасности, в водной среде р. Солёной при поступлении в нее ДСВ на участке от места выпуска до контрольного створа по методике А. В. Фролова – И. Д. Родзиллера. Установлено, что процессы разбавления характеризуются соотношением расходов реки и в коллекторе, а также фоновой (Cф) и предельно допустимой концентрации вещества. Так, для иона кальция Сф = 105 мг/куб.дм, ПДКрх = 180 мг/куб.дм, концентрация вещества в максимально загрязненной струе от места выпуска до контрольного створа варьирует от 180 до 107,8 мг/куб.дм. Для сульфат-иона Сф = 385 мг/куб.дм, ПДКрх = 100 мг/куб.дм, концентрация изменяется от 100 до 232,5 мг/куб.дм. Выявлены причины несоблюдения ПДКрх в контрольном створе малых рек. Это высокая фоновая концентрация солеобразующих ионов, относящихся к 4э классу опасности, сопоставимые расходы рек и ДСВ. Объективные причины слабого разбавления – малая глубина реки, низкая скорость течения, а также высокая исходная минерализация природной воды. Следовательно, необходимо вносить поправки в российское законодательство в части региональных допустимых концентраций в водных объектах с учетом региональных особенностей гидрохимического режима водных объектов, речного стока, гидрохимического состава верхних горизонтов подземных вод. | There were determined the reasons of non-compliance with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of the hazard class 4e substances for water bodies of fishery significance in the small rivers control point – receivers of drainage and waste waters (DWW). The research object is the Solyonaya River of the Semikarakorsk district in the Rostov region, the catchment area of which is an anthropogenically transformed agricultural landscape typical for the region. As background concentrations, the data from official certificates on background concentrations in the investigated water body in the section 500 m above the DWW outlet are used. The processes of salt-forming ions dilution belonging to the hazard class 4e substances in the aquatic environment of the Solyonaya River when DWW enter it at the discharge site to the control point according to the method of A. V. Frolov – I. D. Rodziller were modified. It has been found that the dilution processes are characterized by the ratio of the flow rates of the river and in the reservoir, as well as the background (Cb) and MPC of the substance. So, for the calcium ion Cb = 105 mg/cub.dm, MP = 180 mg/cub.dm, the concentration of the substance in the most polluted jet from the release site to the control point varies from 180 to 107.8 mg/cub.dm. For sulfate ion Cb = 385 mg/cub.dm, MPC = 100 mg/cub.dm, the concentration varies from 100 to 232.5 mg/cub.dm. There have been found the reasons for non-compliance with the MPC in the control point of small rivers. This is a high Cb of salt-forming ions belonging to the 4e hazard class, comparable flows of rivers and DWW. The objective reasons for the weak dilution are the shallow depth of the river, low flow velocity, as well as high initial mineralization of natural water. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the Russian legislation in terms of regional permissible concentrations in water bodies, taking into account the regional characteristics of the hydrochemical regime of water bodies, river runoff, and the hydrochemical composition of the upper horizons of groundwater.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Minakova, О.А. | Aleksandrova, L.V. | Kunitsyn, D.A. | Podvigina, T.N. | Vilkov, B.M., The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Sugar Beet and Sugar, Voronezh Region

Soil pollution due to use of fertilizers and by gas and dust form waste products of industry can lead to change of supply, removal and balance of toxic elements and microelements in a crop rotation. The aim of the work is to study peculiarities of supply, removal and balance of radioactive toxic elements and microelements in the crop rotation with sugar beet when applying fertilizers for a long time. The experiences were conducted in 2014–2016 in the Voronezh region. The experiment scheme included control (without fertilizers) and 6 variants with different doses of mineral fertilizers and manure. Quantity of K-40, Sr-90 and Th-323 (3738, 44.7 и 41.6 Bk/kg) was most of all, content of Ra-226 (30.3 Bk/kg) was somewhat less, and quantity of the most dangerous toxic elements – mercury and arsenic – were the least in composition of the NPK produced by OJSC Minudobreniya (town of Rossosh). In the order of increasing the intake of the elements with fertilizers the following row was made Hg - As - Cr - Mo - B - S. It was concluded that crop rotation received sulfur most of all and mercury the least of all. High level of fertilizers promoted the studied elements' supply increase up to 8.92 times for radioactive elements, 365 times for toxic ones, 149 for microelements, and 6.7 for sulfur; the greatest increase was noted when applying 50 t/ha of manure. Fertilizer application increased removal with rotation crops of Cr by 40.8–84.7%, As – by 18.3–37.5, Sr-90 – by 19.1–35.3, Cs-137 – by 18.5–37.5, B – by 19.3–28.0, Mo – by 12.6–31.2, and S – by 4.10–38.5% as compared to the control. The consecutive order of the elements removal by rotation crops Hg - As - Cr - Mo - B - S was the evidence of maximum need of plants for sulfur and minimum one for mercury and arsenic. After application of mineral fertilizers with 25 t/ha of manure in fallow, formation of negative balance for arsenic, caesium-137 and strontium-90 and, in part, mercury, and positive balance for sulfur and molybdenum was noted; with the background of 50 t/hectare of manure, positive balance for caesium-137, strontium-90, mercury, boron, molybdenum and sulfur was observed. | Загрязнение почвы из-за применения удобрений, газообразных и пылевых отходов промышленности может привести к изменению поступления, выноса и баланса токсичных элементов и микроэлементов севообороте. Цель работы – изучение особенностей поступления, выноса и баланса радиоактивных, токсичных элементов и микроэлементов в севообороте с сахарной свеклой при длительном применении удобрений. Исследования проводились в 2014–2016 гг. в Воронежской обл. Схема опыта включала контроль (без удобрений) и 6 вариантов с разными дозами минеральных удобрений и навоза. Более всего в составе нитроаммофоски производства "Минудобрения" (г. Россошь) содержалось K-40, Sr-90 и Th-323 (3738, 44,7 и 41,6 Бк/кг), несколько меньше – Ra-226 (30,3 Бк/кг), и очень незначительно было содержание опаснейших токсикантов: ртути и мышьяка. По порядку возрастания поступления элементов с удобрениями составлен следующий ряд Hg - As - Cr - Mo - B - S сделан вывод о том, что больше всего в севооборот поступало серы, менее всего – ртути. Высокий уровень удобренности способствовал повышению поступления изученных элементов: радиоактивных до 8,92 раза, токсичных – до 365 раз, микроэлементов – 149, серы – 6,7; наибольшее увеличение было отмечено при внесении 50 т/га навоза. Применение удобрений повышало вынос с культурами севооборота Cr на 40,8–84,7%, As – 18,3–37,5%, Sr -90 – 19,1–35,3, Cs-137 – 18,5–37,5, B – 19,3–28,0%, Mo – 12,6–31,2%, S – 4,10–38,5% относительно контроля. Ряд по выносу элементов культурами севооборота Hg - As - Cr - Mo - B - S свидетельствовал о максимальной потребности растений в сере и минимальной – в ртути и мышьяка. При применении минеральных удобрений на фоне 25 т/га навоза в пару отмечено формирование отрицательного баланса мышьяка, Cs-137 и Sr-90 и отчасти ртути и положительного – серы и молибдена, а на фоне 50 т/га навоза – положительного баланса Cs-137, Sr-90, ртути, бора, молибдена, серы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Lobkov, V.Yu. | Yarlykov, N.G., Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation) | Eremeeva, A.N.

The aim of the research is the determination of safety of cow's milk at the farms in the Yaroslavl region. The research was carried out on the base of the state budget enterprise in the Yaroslavl region "Yaroslavl regional veterinary laboratory" in 2015. 182 tests of cow's crude milk from 13 farms were carried out. The results of the research made it possible to analyze some indices of cow's milk safety (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, hexachlorcyclohexanes, dichlordephenyltriclorethane, aflotoxin M1) for their conformity with technical regulations of the Customs Union "On safety of food products". It was found that the greatest concentration of cadmium in milk samples was 0.00026 mg/kg, the smallest concentration was discovered in milk samples at two farms and it was 0.00005 mg/kg; at three farms cadmium in the samples tested was not found. The greatest concentration of lead in milk samples was 0.00026 mg/kg, the smallest – 0.00051 mg/kg, in milk samples of two farms the presence of lead was not found. The greatest concentration of arsenic was 0.0018 mg/kg, the smallest – 0.00002 mg/kg. In milk of the farms under analysis mercury was not found in any of the samples. It was also stated that the content of toxic elements in milk samples grew in the following sequence: cadmium - arsenic - lead, but their content was lower than maximally allowed concentrations. Chlorineorganic pesticides (hexachlorcyclohexanes, dichlordephenyltrichloroethane) and aflotoxin M1 in milk samples were not found thereby proving that these indices meet the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On safety of food produce" and the safety of milk at the farms in the Yaroslavl region. | Целью работы являлось определение показателей безопасности молока коров в хозяйствах Ярославской области. Работа выполнена на базе государственного бюджетного учреждения Ярославской области "Ярославская областная ветеринарная лаборатория" в 2015 г. Проведено 182 исследования молока коровьего сырого из 13 хозяйств. По результатам исследования был приведен анализ некоторых показателей безопасности молока коров (кадмий, свинец, мышьяк, ртуть, гексахлорциклогексан, дихлордифенилтрихлорэтан, афлатоксин М1) на соответствие их техническому регламенту Таможенного союза "О безопасности пищевой продукции". Выявлено, что наибольшая концентрация кадмия в пробах молока составила 0,00026 мг/кг, наименьшая концентрация обнаружена в пробах молока двух хозяйств и составила 0,00005 мг/кг. При этом в 3 хозяйствах кадмия в изученных пробах молока не было обнаружено. Наибольшая концентрация свинца в пробах молока составила 0,00026 мг/кг, наименьшая – 0,00051 мг/кг, в пробах молока двух хозяйств содержание свинца не установлено. Наибольшая концентрация мышьяка составила 0,0018 мг/кг, наименьшая – 0,00002 мг/кг. В пробах молока двух хозяйств содержание мышьяка не установлено. В молоке исследуемых хозяйств ртуть не обнаружили ни в одной из проб. Также выявлено, что содержание токсичных элементов в пробах молока возрастает в последовательности кадмий - мышьяк - свинец, но их содержание ниже предельно допустимых концентраций. Хлорорганических пестицидов (гексахлорциклогексан, дихлордифенилтрихлорэтан) и афлатоксина М1 в пробах молока хозяйств не выявлено, что свидетельствует о соответствии этих показателей требованиям технического регламента Таможенного союза "О безопасности пищевой продукции" и безопасности молока хозяйств Ярославской области.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2014

Sevostyanenko, L.A. | Tikhomirov, A.M. | Shavel, I.I. | Ryabukhin, Yu.I., Astrakhan State Technical Univ.

A study of toxic and immune resistant properties of biologically active preparations such as potassium orotate, Selekor and composition ETSOK under the action of toxicants and salinity on the daily sturgeon larvae is made. For experimental evaluation of the sustainability of sturgeon larvae the method of functional loads was used. Solutions of sodium chloride and three toxicants: copper sulfate (с = 10 mg/l); synthetic detergent Sarma (с = 100 mg/l) and phenol (с = 100 mg/l) were taken as functional loads. Reliability of distinctions of action of biologically active preparations was established by means of Styudent's t-criterion. Studies were performed in the laboratory of sturgeon fish-breeding factory "Alexandrovskij", Astrakhan region. It was stated that the composition ETSOK is toxic protector of stellate larvae against copper sulphate and phenol. Potassium orotate exhibits a protective effect with respect to copper sulfate. ETSOK and Selekor increase immune resistance of stellate larvae. The obtained data indicate that the mixture of biologically active preparations ETSOK consisting of several substances with different mechanisms of action, capable of protecting the young sturgeon from the action of toxins in artificial conditions. | Проведено исследование токсикорезистентных и иммунорезистентных свойств биологически активных препаратов оротат калия, Селекор и композиции ЭЦОК при действии токсикантов и солёности на однодневных личинок севрюги. Для экспериментальной оценки степени устойчивости личинок севрюги был использован метод функциональных нагрузок. В качестве функциональных нагрузок применяли растворы хлорида натрия и трёх токсикантов: сульфата меди (с = 10 мг/л), синтетического моющего средства Sarma (с = 100 мг/л) и фенола (с = 100 мг/л). Достоверность различий действия биологически активных препаратов устанавливали с помощью t-критерия Стьюдента. Исследования проводили в лаборатории осетрового рыбоводного завода "Александровский" (Астраханская обл.). Установлено, что композиция ЭЦОК является токсикопротектором личинок севрюги в отношении сульфата меди и фенола. Оротат калия проявляет защитный эффект по отношению к сульфату меди. ЭЦОК и Селекор повышают иммунорезистентность личинок севрюги. Сделан вывод, что смесь биологически активных препаратов ЭЦОК, состоящая из нескольких веществ с разными механизмами действия, способна защитить молодь севрюги от действия токсикантов при искусственном содержании.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Bessonov, V.V. | Malinkin, A.D. | Perederyaev, O.I. | Bogachuk, M.N. | Volkovich, S.V. | Medvedev, Yu.V., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). Research and Development Inst. of Nutrition

Acrylamide is a toxic substance not used in food industry but capable of being formed in food products rich in proteins and hydrocarbons and exposed to high temperatures during preparing. The methods of determining acrylamide were tested on potato chips (knowingly containing acrylamide in the concentration of above 0.5 mg/kg), milk powder (containing no acrylamide), and instant coffee (containing acrylamide in low concentrations). The extraction of acrylamide of solid objects was carried out by distilled water. Hexane was used to deoil the extract, 50% sulfuric acid is used to deposit proteins. Potassium bromide was added to the purified aqueous extract, after it was dissolved, potassium bromate was added. Then there was ethyl acetate extraction of an acrylamide derivative. The conditions of gas chromatographic division were t 140 degrees C – 1 min, heating to 220 degrees C in a velocity of 5 degree/min, isotherm 33 min, a carrier gas was nitrogen. The duration of maintaining mono brome derivative of acrylamide in these conditions was 18.5 min. the sensitivity of the method was 0.005 mg/kg, the limits of quantitative determination 0.01 to 5.00 mg/kg. The content of acrylamide in the investigated samples of chips was 3.2 mg/kg, instant coffee 0.23 mg/kg. This quantity is toxicologically significant, therefore, the allowable content of acrylamide in food products should be rated. | Акриламид (АА) – токсичное в-во, не используемое в пищевой промышленности, но способное образовываться в продуктах питания, богатых белками и углеводами и подвергающихся воздействию высоких температур в процессе изготовления. Методику определения АА отрабатывали на чипсах картофельных (заведомо содержащих АА в концентрации свыше 0,5 мг/кг), сухом молоке (не содержащем АА), растворимом кофе (содержащим АА в низких концентрациях). Экстракцию АА из твердых объектов проводили дистиллированной водой. Для обезжиривания экстракта использовали гексан, для осаждения белков – 50%-ную серную кислоту. К очищенному водному экстракту добавляли бромид калия, после его растворения - бромат калия. Далее проводили экстракцию бромпроизводного АА этилацетатом. Условия газохроматографического разделения: t 140 град. С – 1 мин, нагревание до 220 град. С со скоростью 5 град./мин, изотерма 33 мин, газ-носитель - азот (4 мл/мин). Электроннозахватный детектор работал при t 300 град. С и потоке поддува 30 мл/мин. Продолжительность удерживания монобромпроизводного АА в этих условиях - 18,5 мин. Чувствительность метода составила 0,005 мг/кг, пределы количественного определения – от 0,01 до 5,00 мг/кг. Содержание АА в исследованных образцах чипсов составило 3,2 мг/кг, растворимого кофе – 0,23 мг/кг. Это количество является токсикологически значимым, поэтому необходимо нормировать допустимое содержание АА в продуктах питания.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Das K. | Dey U. | Bhaumik R. | Datta J.K. | Mondal N.K.

Lichens are group of nonvascular plants. Lichen absorbs water and nutrient passively from their environment. Because of this lichens are particularly sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, water availability, and air pollutants and/or by substances accumulates in lichen from the environment through variety of mechanisms including particulate trapping, ion exchange, extracellular electrolyte adsorption, hydrolysis and intra cellular uptake. Air pollution control is more complex than most other environmental changes. A study has been done to evaluate the air pollution status by means of lichen through the biochemical variability of three macro environment (semiurban area Arambagh, urban area Burdwan and industrial area Durgapur). The study results revealed that there exist inverse relationship between pollutant load and pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoid content). Average concentration of chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’, and total chlorophyll was found in following order, Site-II>Site-III>Site-I. From the result of Chlorophyll Stability Index (CSI) it has been found that the chlorophyll degradation is highest in Site-II followed by Site-III and lowest in Site-I. There is a strong inverse relationship of chlorophyll content in lichen with SO2 and NOx but the level of SPM found highest in Site-I followed by Site-III and lowest in Site-II. Moreover, biochemical constituents (protein, sugar, phenol and proline) of all the representative samples were also vary from site to site. The study results reveal that the amount of soluble sugar was highest recorded at Site-III followed by Site–I and lowest in Site-II. Again correlation study indicates that there is positive relationship between soluble sugar and phenol content at 5% level of significance. Therefore, it also indicates that the lichen metabolite and other physiological action monitored by SO2, NOx and SPM level in the air. Studies showed that the semiurban area was under more vulnerable condition than industrial and urban area of Hooghly and Burdwan district. Moreover the micrograph study of representative lichen samples directly proved that lichen structure affected by air pollutants, but the extent of deformation exclusively depends on the level of pollutants present in the air. Results also suggest that different level of air pollutants (SO2, NOx and SPM) affect the biochemical parameters of lichen, but more extensive study is needed to confirm the relationship between air pollution status and lichen biochemistry.

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Russian Academy of Sciences - Russian Federation

2009

Belogolova, G.A. | Gordeeva, O.N. | Koval, P.V., Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk(Russian Federation). Joint Inst. of Geochemistry and Geology | Dzhao, K.Kh. | Gao, G.L.

The distribution regularities and forms of finding heavy metals in techogenically transformed chernozems in the South Angara Region and North-East China The study regions are industrial enterprises action zone in Svirsk-town, the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovskiy coal basin, as well as the region of Harbin, China. Samples were collected from the upper soil horizon 5-25 cm deep. Samples soils and vegetables (cabbage, potatoes) were collected at household plots adjacent to the study areas. In China the content of toxicants in wild vegetation was also studied. In soil samples determined were the contents and forms of As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn. In the two study regions the heavy metals (HM) contamination levels of soils and AS are close to those allowable for arable soils or exceed them. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn in contaminated soils of China are much higher than in the chernozems of the technogenic zones of Svirsk. In the contamination zones the content of mobile HM and As in soil increases indicating the enhancement of their migration activity and bioavailability. Cd is characterized by high bioavailability and mobility. As, Cu, Zn in the soils studied are poorly soluble. As is found, different kinds of plants greatly differ in their ability to accumulate TM and As. The content of As in vegetables in Svirsk is proportional to its concentration in soil, and the bioaccumulation of Cd corresponds directly to its high portion of easily exchangeable form in contaminated soil. Pb is characterized by the lowest level of biological absorption in plants of both regions. Among the studied crops in the maximum contaminated zones the highest coefficients of bioaccumulation were found for cabbage and soybean, the lowest ones – for corn. Among wild plants, horseweed and sweet wormwood were characterized by high ability to accumulate HM.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2008

Gusejnova, B.M., Dagestan State Technical Univ. (Russian Federation) | Daudova, T.I.

Six variants of homogenized 3-component food mixes consisted of grapes, apricot, strawberry, currant, alycha, cornelian cherry, raspberry. The mix compositions were selected so as to have attractive appearance and harmonic taste. Also the principle of mutual augmentability of the maim components according to the nutritional value was observed. The content of vitamin C and microelements, as well as phenol compounds was determined just after preparing the mix, after its quick freezing at t 30 degrees C and after storing at t 18 degree C for 3 and 9 months. As is found, the proposed freezing technology does not reduce the nutritional value, and the preservation of Vitamin C, minerals and phenol compounds after long storage is 70-90%. After freezing, the mixes retained an attractive appearance. After defrosting, in the mixes stored for 9 months at t 20 degrees C followed by storage at t 5 degree C, there were detected microorganisms in quantities not exceeding allowable norms. Pathogenic microorganisms were absent. At normal consumption level of a finished product the daily maintenance of nutrients contained in it can be satisfied by 30-50%

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2007

Yarmishko, V.T., Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg (Russian Federation). The V. L. Komarov Botanic Inst. | Lumme, I.,

Data on thin physiologically active roots of Pinus sylvestris L. studying on sample areas in Kola Peninsula (Leningrad region) and south-western Finland are given. It has been determined that there is no single-directed change of P. sylvestris roots total mass according to pollution gradient in the regions of the investigation. The highest mass of thin roots is noticed on the territories which are near to pollution sources, their share (97%) does not depend on distance from the pollution jeurce. Thin roots mass in top soil layer of 10 cm at the nearest distance from he pollution source in south-western Finland is 24% lower and in deeper horizons is 10% higher than this in control. In Kola Peninsula thin roots ruining is not expressed. Quantity of live mycorhizas on P. sylvestris roots on the territories maximally idose to pollution sources in 35—40 times greater than those on the control plots.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation