AGRIS - 

2020

Bogdanov, A.P. | Karpov, A.A. | Voronin, V.V. | Aleshko, R.A.

Currently, a series of multi-temporal satellite images are available, which make it possible to obtain systematic information about objects of observation. The dynamics of changes over time allows you to analyze various scenarios of these changes and compare them with the results of field surveys. The study of dynamic processes over time is an urgent problem of satellite images processing. The dynamic process of overgrowing felling is a process that takes place over many years or even decades. A methodology for thematic processing of multispectral space imagery is proposed and implemented. The algorithm of the work is based on the analysis of different vegetation indices for assessing reforestation at clearings. During the study, the publicly available opto-electronic satellite images of Landsat and the data of ground-based surveys in the Arkhangelsk region were selected as the main initial data. In the course of research work, the laying of temporary observation points was carried out according to the standard method. The result of this work is the development of a methodology for assessing forest restoration and proposals for improving the monitoring of reforestation (classifying forests as occupied forest stands), which is part of environmental monitoring. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, 159 forest plots were selected in the Arkhangelsk region of different felling periods and the degree of success of reforestation. As a result of the study, the informativeness of spectral indices for assessing reforestation based on vegetation indices (NDVI, SWVI, NBR) was evaluated. In the study, the successful reforestation measure determined the period after felling – 8 years and the necessary increase in the index to 83 % of the initial value of the forest before felling index (SWVIpre) in the Arkhangelsk region.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2016

Demidova N.A. | Durkina T.M. | Gogoleva L.G. | Demidenko S.A. | Bykov Y.S. | Paramonov A.A.

The research was conducted on plantations of exotic conifers species in the “Dendrological garden of the FBU SevNIILH named after V.N. Nilov” and nearby Bobrovo village in the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk Region. The aim of the work is the feasibility of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.) use for plantation cultivation in the boreal forests. The overall measurements of the diameters at breast height, the lodgepole pine trees height measurements and model trees cutting were carried out on the coniferous plantations. It was assigned that the lodgepole pine exceeds the scotch pine in current increment in diameter, volume and in range of mean volume increment. It is noted that the lodgepole pine’s trend to superiority over the Scotch pine remained after 18-20 years of cultivation, but the growth rate decreased. The lodgepole pine is one of the most promising exotic species for fast growing wood. An interest in this tree species is caused by the fact that the lodgepole pine wood is a valuable raw material for a cellulose processes. The value of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the form factors and height form factors based on model trees of the lodgepole pine and a table of tree stem volumes in diameter and height were calculated (the difference with the values of the scotch pine tree volumes in the conditions of the European North of Russia is 6-7%). In order to make decisions on the feasibility of the lodgepole pine use for cultivation on plantations at the European North of Russia, further observations of its growth and development should be implemented. | Исследования проводились на плантациях хвойных интродуцентов в дендрологическом саду ФБУ «СевНИИЛХ имени В.Н. Нилова» и в посёлке Боброво Приморского района Архангельской области. Цель работы - исследование целесообразности использования сосны скрученной (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats) для плантационного выращивания в бореальных условиях. На плантациях хвойных интродуцентов проводился сплошной перечёт с замером диаметров на высоте груди, измерение высот и рубка модельных деревьев сосны скрученной для проведения анализа хода роста (для контроля бралась сосна обыкновенная). Установлено, что сосна скрученная превосходит в росте сосну обыкновенную по текущему приросту по диаметру, по объёму и по величине среднего прироста по объёму. Отмечено, что эти тенденции сохранились по истечении 18-20 лет, но показатели роста снизились. Сосна скрученная является одной из перспективных пород-интродуцентов для ускоренного выращивания древесины, которая является ценным сырьем для получения целлюлозы как сульфитным, так и сульфатным способами. По результатам проведённых исследований впервые были рассчитаны видовые числа и видовые высоты по модельным деревьям сосны скрученной и составлена таблица объемов стволов по диаметру и высоте (расхождение со значениями объемов стволов сосны обыкновенной на Европейском Севере составляет 6-7%). Для принятия решений о целесообразности использования этого вида сосны для плантационного выращивания на Европейском Севере России необходимы дополнительные наблюдения за ее ростом и развитием.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2016

Sergienko V.G. | Konstantinov A.V.

Приведен обзор литературных источников по вопросам наиболее вероятных изменений растительных зон и биоразнообразия флоры и фауны при изменении климата в пределах четырех крупных природно-территориальных комплексов России - северная и южная части Европейской России, Сибирь, Дальний Восток. Отмечено, что в бореальных лесах таежной зоны из-за угнетения более холодолюбивых видов в коренных ценозах темнохвойной тайги увеличится количество березы и осины. Вблизи южной границы хвойно-широколиственных лесов уменьшится ценотическая роль ели. В подзоне широколиственных лесов усилится возобновление древесных пород - дуба, липы, граба, бука. В лесостепи увеличится площадь, занятая широколиственными породами с участием березы и осины. К концу XXI века изменение климата значительно повлияет на биоразнообразие степных и пустынных экосистем, трансформированных хозяйственной деятельностью. Аридность климата усилится в лесостепи, степи, и полупустыне. В зоне степей и полупустынь возрастет роль мезофитных трав, наряду с возможным сокращением численности полыни и ковыля, а в Прикаспии в связи с увеличением количества осадков ценозы с полынью и кустарниками заменятся злаками и мезофитами. Дан прогноз сокращения вдвое площади лесов в Сибири из-за большей сухости климата. Граница между лесами и степью в Центральной Сибири сдвинется на 10o к северу. Площадь степной зоны в Южной Сибири увеличится на 30%, а опустыненных степей - в два раза. Прирост площади черневой тайги на 60-65% произойдет за счет среднегорной темнохвойной тайги. Трансформация растительных зон и перераспределение высотных поясов приведут к сокращению горно-тундровой растительности и биоразнообразия. На Дальнем Востоке в результате изменений муссонной циркуляции продолжится наступление пустыни, вероятны засухи. Произойдут изменения численности и характера поведения животных. В особо уязвимом положении окажутся крупные животные, обитающие в горных лесах. | The literature review on the most likely changes in vegetation zones and biodiversity of flora and fauna to climate change within the four large natural-territorial complexes of Russia - the northern and southern part of European Russia, Siberia, the Far East is given. The article gives the characteristics of boreal and subboreal Russian landscapes, which are characterized by a wide variety of types of forests, steppes, semi-deserts, deserts and mountains. It is noted that in the boreal forests of the taiga zone due to the oppression of a cold-loving species indigenous ecosystems of dark coniferous taiga will increase the number of birch and aspen. Near the southern border of the coniferous-deciduous forests will decrease role of spruce. In the subzone of broad-leaved forests will intensifies processes of reforestation of trees, including oak, linden, hornbeam, beech. In the forest will increase the area occupied by broadleaf species including birch and aspen. By the end of the XXI century climate change will affect the biodiversity of the steppe and desert ecosystems greatly transformed by economic activity. Climate aridity will increase in forest- steppe, steppe, and semidesert. In the zone of steppes and semi-deserts will increase the role of mesophytic herbs in addition with a possible reduction in the number of wormwood and feather. In the Caspian region due to the increase in rainfall ecosystems with wormwood and shrubs will replace by grasses and mesophilic species. Presents forecast of double reduction of forest area in Siberia under a dry climate in comparison with the modern. Border between forest and steppe of Central Siberia will shift to 10o north. The area of the steppe zone in southern Siberia will increase by 30%, and the desert steppes - twice. Increasing the area of black taiga 60-65% will come from middle mountain of dark coniferous taiga. Transformation of vegetation zones and reallocation altitudinal belts would reduce mining and tundra vegetation and biodiversity. In the Far East as a result of monsoon circulation changes continue the offensive of the desert, the probability of drought. There will be changes in the number and behavior of animals. Particularly vulnerable will be large animals that live in the mountain forests.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2014

Koroleva T.S. | Shunkina E.A.

Будучи самым большим наземным резервуаром углерода, леса играют важнейшую роль в борьбе с глобальным потеплением. В них содержится более половины земного углерода и от них зависит около 80% всего обмена между наземными экосистемами и атмосферой. В бореальных лесах и лесных массивах умеренного климата зарезервировано 32% общемировых лесных запасов углерода. Самым эффективным способом удержания углерода в лесопользовании является сохранение лесов и сокращение количества вырубок. При этом большое значение имеет создание лесоохранных зон. В регулировании мирового стока углерода важное место занимает грамотная лесная политика каждого государства, имеющего лесные площади. В связи с этим важно изучение опыта зарубежных стран по сохранению пулов углерода в лесах, с учетом особенностей законодательства, принципов веде- ния лесного хозяйства, прав собственности на леса и др. Рассмотрен опыт ряда европейских стран, СНГ и Северной Америки, владеющих бореальными лесами. Приведены краткие сведения о лесной политике Китая как страны с бурно развивающимся лесным хозяйством. Анализ лесных политик и лесного законодательства зарубежных стран позволяет утверждать, что в них строго закрепляется экономическая ответственность всех субъектов лесных отношений за выполнение условий по сохранению лесных экосистем как крупнейших пулов углерода. | As the largest terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play a vital role in the fight against global warming. They contain more than half of all terrestrial carbon and depends and they affect about 80% of the exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, 32% of the global forest carbon stocks is reserved in boreal forests and in forests of temperate climate. Forest preserving and reduce the number of cuttings are the most effective ways to sequester carbon in forest. In this case the creation of forest protection zones is crucial. Smart forest policy of countries having forest areas is important in the global carbon stock regulation. So, it is important to study of foreign countries experience for the conservation of forest carbon pools (legislation, principles of management, ownership of the forests and others). There is consider the experience of several countries of Europe, CIS and North America, owning boreal and temperate forests in the paper. Also there is brief information on forest policy in China, as a country with a thriving forest. Analysis of forest policy and forest legislation of foreign countries suggests that they clearly assigned responsibilities of all economic subjects of forest relations for the conditions for the conservation of forest ecosystems as major carbon pools.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2013

Smirnov I.A.

The features of distribution and status of forests with the participation of European ash in the Novgorod region. Inventory indices studied stands, the estimation of life, make the accounting of natural regeneration of ash. The measures for the conservation and restoration of ash forests are put down.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2013

Burtsev D.S.

The studies were conducted in the southern taiga subzone of the Leningrad Region. The object of the study were the 26-year-old Norway spruce forest plantations affected comprehensive care – in the plantation were thinning at the lower method and pruning. The changes in the vertical structure of the fractional aboveground biomass of the stand were analyzed. The dynamics of climate and groundwater levels under the influence of management activities spent was shown.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2013

Burtsev D.S.

The studies were conducted in the southern taiga subzone of the Leningrad Region. The object of the study were the 26-year-old Norway spruce forest plantations affected comprehensive care – in the plantation were thinning at the lower method and pruning. The changes in the vertical structure of the fractional aboveground biomass of the stand were analyzed. The dynamics of climate and groundwater levels under the influence of management activities spent was shown.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2013

Burtsev D.S.

The evaluation of energy efficiency in production and plantation technologies crops spruce by the 25-year experience of their cultivation in oxalis site conditions of the southern taiga subzone of the Leningrad Region was determinated. The effect of soil preparation method and later silvicultural treatments on the PAR assimilation of artificial forest phytocoenoses was shown. Additional power income obtained by ncreasing the cost of human energy to maintain the stability of a roduction block of artificial forest ecosystem was calculated. The high efficiency of the use of spruce planting intensive methods was shown.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2012

Omelyanenko A.Ya.

Results of field experiments with application of mixes of herbicides for preliminary chemical treatment of ground under plantation of a pine and a fir on clear cut areas in a taiga zone of Russia are given. The most effective and perspective two- and three-component mixtures of modern herbicides for control of grass cover and undesirable wood vegetation and safe for subsequent plantation are determinated.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation