AGRIS - 

2012

Tamarova, R.V., Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy

The results of the analysis of quantitative and quality indicators of dairy cattle breeding in dynamics during years 2000-2010 according to annual appraisal of active part of population of dairy cattle in cattle breedings of OJSC "Yaroslavskoye" are presented. The considerable increase of breeding base from 16.7 up to 38.2% of region's total livestock of a dairy cattle, including increase of cows from 15 up to 35.8% is established. The average milk yield on a fodder cow has increased in cattle breedings from 4240 up to 5347 kg, with region's average growing by 59.4% from 2447 up to 3900 kg. Fat content in milk of cows has increased by 0.08%. The share of cattle breedings in gross production of milk has increased from 25.4 up to 47.8%. The quantity of cows with milk yields more than 6 thousand kg of milk has increased 7 times, including 1.5 times growth on the Yaroslavl breed. Negative tendencies were observed along with positive changes. The dairy cattle livestock has decreased by 88.8 thousand heads during this period, including decrease of cows by 35.5 thousand heads. Middle age of the left cows has decreased from 4.5 down to 3.5 calvings, yield of calves per 100 cows - from 85 down to 78. Sales volume of breeding young animals was reduced by 30%, including 1.5 times decrease of sales of bull-calves. Forming and efficiency of dairy herd of region were influenced by such factors, as introduction of new technologies (a loose housing system of cows), building of large complexes, application of breed crossing and of import cattle for gathering of dairy herds of new complexes, along with improvement of the Yaroslavl breed at thoroughbred rearing. There are reserves for the further growth of gross production of milk and efficiency of cows in region as a whole at the expense of qualitative enhancement of cattle of a commodity zone of breeding which is 59.9% of the whole herd. Perspective directions of work in dairy cattle breeding are offered subject to the pedigree property of animals of the Yaroslavl cattle about 64.7%, black-motley - 23.1%, Holstein - 9.5%, Ayrshire - 1.7%. | Представлены результаты анализа количественных и качественных показателей молочного скотоводства за 10 лет (2000–2010 гг.) по данным ежегодных бонитировок молочного скота в племенных хозяйствах (активной части популяции) ОАО «Ярославское». Установлен значительный рост племенной базы с 16,7 до 38,2% от общего поголовья молочного скота в области, в т.ч. коров с 15 до 35,8%. Средний удой на фуражную корову увеличился в племенных хозяйствах с 4240 до 5347 кг, а по области в среднем с 2447 до 3900 кг, или на 59,4%. Содержание жира в молоке коров увеличилось на 0,08%. Доля племенных хозяйств в валовом производстве молока увеличилась с 25,4 до 47,8%. Количество коров с удоями более 6 тыс. кг молока возросло в 7 раз, в т.ч. по ярославской породе – в 1,5 раза. Наряду с положительными изменениями наблюдались и отрицательные тенденции. Поголовье молочного скота за этот период снизилось на 88,8 тыс. голов, в т.ч. коров на 35,5 тысяч. Средний возраст выбывших коров уменьшился с 4,5 до 3,5 отёлов, выход телят на 100 коров – с 85 до 78, продажа племенного молодняка сократилась на 30%, в т.ч. бычков – в 1,5 раза. На формирование и продуктивность молочного стада области влияли такие факторы, как внедрение новых технологий (беспривязное содержание коров), строительство крупных комплексов, применение межпородного скрещивания и ввоз импортного скота для комплектования молочных стад новых комплексов, наряду с улучшением ярославской породы при чистопородном разведении. Имеются резервы для дальнейшего роста валового производства молока, продуктивности коров по области в целом за счёт качественного совершенствования скота товарной зоны разведения, составляющей 59,9% всего стада. Предложены перспективные направления работы в молочном скотоводстве с учётом породной принадлежности животных ярославского скота 64,7%, чёрно-пёстрого – 23,1%, голштинского – 9,5%, айрширского – 1,7%.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Sulimin, V.V., Ural State Agricultural Academy, Ekaterinburg

The aim of this research is to study the basic problems of foundation of small family farms and to examine the experience of their successful operation. This article highlights a new direction of state support of small agribusiness, foundation of family animal farms. Within the program of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in 2011 more than 20 thousand job positions were provided to improve the situation in the labor market in rural areas. Opinion polls discovered that many potential participants of the program wondered where to get money for their participation in the project-20%. It is suggested to bring money in some steps. The first 10% must be brought before the first loan, the remaining 10% before the finishing of building of a farm. Then, proprietary funds can be in money, or may not be! What does this mean? The Russian Agricultural Bank (Rosselkhozbank) for participation in the project considers manufacturer's property (a land plot, a building, equipment, etc.), which will be used in farm's activity, as well as grants, subsidies received from the subjects of the Russian Federation. To become a participant of such a program, it is necessary to apply to the governing body of agribusiness of the region. The candidacy will be discussed and approved at a meeting of a special committee composed of representatives of the agricultural management bodies of agribusiness of the subject of the Federation, the Association of Farmers, Rosselkhozbank and Rosagroleasing. The article highlights the progressive experience of the Republic of Tatarstan, of Kaliningrad, Vologda and Novgorod regions | Цель исследования – изучение основных проблем создания малых семейных ферм и имеющегося опыта их успешного функционирования. Особое внимание уделено новому направлению государственной поддержки малого агробизнеса – созданию семейных животноводческих ферм. В рамках программы Минздравсоцразвития РФ с целью ослабления напряженности на рынке труда в сельской местности в 2011 году создано более 20 тыс. рабочих мест. Социологические опросы показали, что многих потенциальных участников программы волнует вопрос о том, где взять деньги на свое участие в проекте – 20%. Предложено, что собственные средства можно вносить поэтапно. Первые 10% до выдачи первого кредита, остальные 10% – до момента окончания строительства фермы. В качестве собственного участия в проекте Россельхозбанк рассматривает и принимает к учету имущество (земельный участок, здание, технику и др.), находящееся у товаропроизводителя в собственности и которое в дальнейшем будет использовано в деятельности фермы, а также субсидии, дотации, полученные им от субъектов РФ. Чтобы стать участником такой программы, нужно обратиться в орган управления АПК региона. Кандидатуру обязательно будут обсуждать и утверждать на заседании специальной совместной комиссии, в состав которой входят представители органов управления АПК субъекта Федерации, Ассоциации фермерских хозяйств (АККОР), Россельхозбанка и Росагролизинга. Освещен передовой опыт Республики Татарстан, Калининградской, Вологодской и Новгородской областей.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Afanas'eva, A.I., Altai State Agrarian Univ., Barnaul

To solve the problem of beef production and the expansion of the gene pool of the available beef cattle, some Hereford cattle from Finland was imported to the Altai Region. The research purpose was to study the exterior features of the imported Hereford heifers of the Finnish selective breeding as well as their live weight dynamics at early stages of adaptation in the natural and ecological conditions of the Altai Region. The research revealed the age of the imported animals between 17 and 22 months. All imported animals were calf-bearing with the gestation period from 60 to 210 days. The heifers' live weight corresponded to their age: 17-18 months – 485.0±8.31 kg; 19-20 months – 488.7±8.80 kg; 22 months – 524.3±11.5 kg. The evaluation of the Hereford heifers of the Finnish selective breeding revealed the purebred origin of all animals. The average live weight of the animals before transportation amounted to 493.8±10.3 kg. The live weight loss caused by transportation averaged to 5.7 kg. However, in the farm peasant holding where cattle was brought conditions were created including a complete balanced diet and its adjustment during the animals' stay on the farm, free access to feeds and warm water, comfortable night rest and others. All this enabled the animals not only to restore, but also to gain their live weight up to 509.5±9.31 kg, which was by 21.4 kg (р0.05) more than upon their arrival. It has been concluded that the Hereford heifers of the Finnish reproduction are able of being adapted to new existence conditions | Для разрешения проблемы производства говядины и расширения генофонда имеющегося мясного скота на территорию Алтайского края был завезён финский скот герефордской породы. Целью исследований было изучение экстерьерных характеристик ввезённых нетелей герефордской породы финской селекции, а также динамики их живой массы на ранних этапах адаптации в природно-экологических условиях Алтайского края. Исследования показали, что возраст ввезённых животных находится в пределах 17-22 мес. Все ввезённые животные были стельными со сроком беременности от 60 до 210 дней. Живая масса нетелей соответствовала их возрасту: у 17-18-месячных – 485,0±8,31 кг; 19-20-месячных – 488,7±8,80; 22-месячных – 524,3±11,5 кг. При оценке нетелей герефордской породы финской селекции все животные отнесены к чистопородным. Средняя живая масса животных до транспортировки составила 493,8±10,3 кг. После их доставки в хозяйство потери живой массы составили в среднем 5,7 кг, или 488,1±8,57 кг. Однако, в крестьянско-фермерском хозяйстве, куда был завезен скот, были созданы условия, включающие обеспечение животных полноценным сбалансированным рационом и его корректировку по мере пребывания в хозяйстве, свободный доступ к кормам и подогретой воде, комфортный ночной отдыха и др. Все это позволило животным не только восстановить, но и повысить живую массу до 509,5±9,31 кг, что выше на 21,4 кг (р0,05), чем при их поступлении. Сделан вывод, что нетели герефордской породы финской репродукции способны успешно адаптироваться к новым условиях существования

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Bateneva, N.V. | Smirnov, P.N. | Mikhnovich, I.V., Novosibirsk State Agrarian Univ.

There is given a characteristic of genotype variability in bovine leucosis virus (BLV) according to the gag-gene at 3 farms of the Krasnodar Krai. Over the period of 2006 to 2009 by the PCR method 762 blood samples from cattle of different breeds were studied – Black-and White Holsteinized (BWH), Red Steppe and Ayrshir seropositive in a immunodiffusion test (IDT) with strains gp51 BLV. An analysis of the structure of the most variable regions in order to select restriction endonucleases (selected are HaeIII and Fael) to evaluate polymorphism was carried out by means of the Vector NTJ program. There is given a typical electroforegram of PCR amplification products of the gag gene of provirus DNA of BLV obtained by using DNA samples of the investigated Red Steppe animals. As is shown in all analyzed DNA samples a fragment corresponding to the calculated amplicons length (347 n. p.) was diagnosed. A PCR-analysis of the presence of provirus DNA in all the investigated cattle breeds by using primers specific for the gag-gene region having a size 347 n. p. allowed to establish that the portion of IDT-seropositive animals with a negative result in PCR was 2.6%. In view of the data obtained by analyzing the restriction fragment lengths polymorphism (RFLP-analysis) according to pattern types 11 conventional genotypes were distinguished recorded in these cattle breeds: 8 – in Ayrshir, 6 – in BWH and 3 – in Red Steppe. At the same time in all breeds 3 identical conventional provirus genotypes were recorded: I, II and III. Thus, among BLV-infected animals at all 3 farms of the Krasnodar Krai the most variability of genotypes of BLV provirus was discovered in Ayrshir cattle, the least one – in Red Steppe. An interrelationship between breed belonging and animal susceptibility to a definite BLV genotype by the gag-gene is supposed. Identifyinh the BLV in the animal organism by the gag-gene is possible 5-7 months earlier than by the env gene. | Дана характеристика генотипической вариабельности у вируса лейкоза КРС (ВЛ КРС, BLV) по gag-гену в 3 хозяйствах Краснодарского края. За период с 2006 по 2009 гг. методом ПЦР были исследованы 762 пробы крови от КРС разных пород - черно-пестрой голштинизированной (ЧПГ), красной степной и айрширской, серопозитивных в реакции иммунодиффузии (РИД+) со штаммами gp51 BLV. Анализ структуры наиболее вариабельных участков с целью подбора эндонуклеаз (выбраны HaeIII и FaeI) рестрикции для оценки их полиморфизма проводился с помощью программы Vector NTJ. Приведена типичная электрофореграмма продуктов ПЦР-амплификации области гена gag провирусной ДНК ВЛ КРС, полученных с использованием образцов ДНК обследованных животных красной степной породы. Показано, что во всех анализируемых образцах ДНК диагностировался фрагмент, соответствующий расчетной длине ампликона (347 п.н.). ПЦР-анализ наличия провирусной ДНК у всех исследованных пород КРС с использованием праймеров, специфичных для области gag-гена размером 347 п.н., позволил установить, что доля РИД-серопозитивных животных с отрицательным результатом в ПЦР составила 2,6%. На основании данных, полученных при анализе полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов (ПДРФ-анализ), по типам паттернов было выделено 11 условных генотипов, регистрируемых у данных пород КРС: 8 у айрширской, 6- у ЧПГ и 3 у красной степной. При этом у всех пород были зарегистрированы 3 одинаковых условных генотипа провируса: I, II и III. Таким образом, среди инфицированных ВЛ КРС животных во всех 3 хозяйствах Краснодарского края, наибольшее разнообразие генотипов провируса BLV было выявлено у КРС айрширской породы, наименьшее - у красной степной. Делается предположение о взаимосвязи между породной принадлежностью и восприимчивостью животного к определенному генотипу BLV по gag-гену. Идентификация ВЛ КРС в организме животных по gag-гену возможна на 5-7 мес. раньше, чем по гену env.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Lazovskij, V.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented the results of studies data of an experimental work on developing an alive dry vaccine against bovine trichophitosis 'Trichovak-Stimul-1' which was spent in 'Vitebsk biofactory', Central Research Laboratory and laboratory of epizootology faculty of 'Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine'. For developing an alive dry vaccine against bovine trichophitosis 'Trichovak-Stimul-1' are used industrial vaccinal strains Trichophyton verrucosum TF-130L RSRDI and Trichophyton verrucosum 11183, received from the All-Russia State Centre for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed veterinary preparations, the All-Russian Research Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine n. a. Ya.R.Kovalenko. Results of biological product immunogenicity and reactivity studying are brought. Application of an alive dry vaccine 'Trichovak-Stimul-1' against bovine trichophitosis caused slight increase of a body temperature at immunizated animals which was restored for the fourth day of carrying out of experimental work. The satisfactory common condition of an organism testifies that the produced biological product is areactogenic.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Petrovich, Eh.A., Belarus State Academy of Agriculture, Gorki

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was examined the strategy of stable development of the key branch of agriculture of Belarus: the growing and fattening of cattle (beef production). There were analyzed the reasons of unprofitable work of the branch and suggested the main methods of increasing its efficiency. In course of the study starting from 1990s till the present there were analysed the main indexes of beef cattle breeding in Belarus, percentage of cattle meat in the structure of realization of products of cattle and poultry, structure of the production costs for breeding and fattening of cattle. There were presented comparative indexes of cost behavior and prices of meat production branches in the Republic. Correlation between average price level and import and export in external trade of organization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Foodstuffs of the Republic of Belarus was presented. The problem could be solved by feeding cattle with fodder balanced in protein and by regulating the price mechanism.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Grin, M.P. | Koronets, I.N. | Klimets, N.V. | Dashkevich, M.A. | Krasovskaya, V.M. | Shemetovets, Zh.I., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized the study to optimize the selection process in the population of cattle of Belarusian black-white breed and to determine the best option program of large-scale breeding. Perfect variant according to value of genetic progress and economic efficiency of large scale selection of livestock of Belarusian black-motley breed, according to which the number of cows of active part of the population is 480,000, the number of genealogical lines (complexes)in the breed – 6, the number of fathers of bulls in the complex – 2, the semen pool from one bull checked – 30 thousand doses, the number of 'effective' daughters to test the bull by offspring – 50, the number of repair calves for elevers – 535, the number of bulls selected on the quality of offspring, - 108. The program will provide genetic progress of breeding population on milk yields at 40 kg of milk per cow annually, the rate of genetic progress of population increases by 1,08 %. Cost-effectiveness of the program will make 159%.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Kurak, O.P., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding

In the conditions of farms of the Republic of Belarus there was analyzed the results of research on development of methods for the diagnostics of inherited mutations in cattle: immunodeficiency syndrome (BLAD), complex spinal deformity syndrome (CVM), deficiency of uridine mono-phosphate synthethase (DUMPS). There were developed conditions of effective gene diagnostics of DUMPS mutations of cattle. There were developed optimum parameters of the PCR diagnostics of hereditary diseases CVM. There was conducted selective genotyping of cattle of various breeds in the gene SLC35A3. There was revealed the presence of CVM mutations in populations of Belarusian black-white breed (up to 20%). There was developed and put into production the method for diagnosis of hereditary immunodeficiency syndrome (BLAD-syndrome) in cattle. The developed methods for diagnosis of hereditary mutations cattle proved to be fast, reliable and effective means to establish full control of the mutations and corresponded to the level of development of the CIS countries and are highly efficient use in breeding and commercial livestock production of the Republic to improve the resistance of animals.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Nekrasov, R.V. | Meleshko, N.A., All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry

There was realized studying of influence on microbial community of a rumen of bull-calves, their digestion and efficiency of vegetative cells of a probiotic of Bacillus subtilis received in the form of a biofilm on fitonositel, by means of a molecular and genetic method (T-RFLP analysis). In experiments on calves of 30-105 days of age a positive impact of protected vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis probiotic on live weight gain, digestibility of main nutrients of a diet, rumen digestion process performance of experimental animals was determined. With the help of T-RFLP-analysis changes in the composition of the rumen microbial community of calves at the age of 4,5 months under the influence of probiotic being studied were examined. The positive effect of protected vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis probiotic on the microflora, expressed in the increase in the total number of bacteria, as well as the content of cellulolytic, amilolitic and proteolytic microsymbionts was determined.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Letunovich, E.V. | Yatsko, N.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a development of composition of an energy and protein additive on the basis of local energy sources and a protein, allowing to balance diets by energy value and protein nutrition and studying of effectiveness of its use when feeding lactating cows in comparison with import additives. Comparative effectiveness of the use of imported feed supplements made to reduce the degradability of protein in the rumen of ruminants was studied, as well as developed energy-protein supplement on the basis of rape subjected to extrusion in the diets for dairy cows. It was determined that the average daily milk yield when fed with diets with 'protected' from degradability protein in the rumen increased by 4,1-12,1%, and counted for 4%-milk – by 5,3-13,1%. The coefficient of productive use (CPU) of metabolizable energy increases from 37 to 44%, while this pattern is more obvious with the use of energy-protein supplements, compared with imported preparations Novatan 50 and Solunat 3K.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus