AGRIS - 

2019

O. Klyuchko | L. Buchatsky | O. Melezhyk

Purpose. The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the applications of methods of database construction on the example of information about rainbow trout and viral infections affecting it. In process of such databases construction for electronic information systems it is necessary to find the ways of biological data preparation for each of solved tasks, than to make an adequate processing of these input data. Further step is the use of the methods of object-oriented system analysis for the aforementioned database construction in optimal way.Methodology. The methods of object-oriented system analysis, ER-diagram design, and the methods of computer databases construction were used in process of present work fulfillment.Findings. At the initial stage of the work some fish databases known in the world were observed. The peculiarities of biological objects (fishes) that have to be taken into account for this task fulfillment were analyzed. Further the approach of object-oriented analysis for constructing of computer databases in optimal manner was suggested. The first logical steps of algorithm for construction of databases with relative information about fish were described as well the practical recommendations for the development of databases with information concerning domestic biological organisms (on example of rainbow trout, its viral infection) for electronic information systems were done.Originality. No large-scale implementation of contemporary information-computer technologies in Ukraine was done yet. The obtained results would be contributed to further intensive implementation of contemporary information technologies for the development of domestic fishery industry.Practical value. Rainbow trout is important specie for fishery economy; its studying as well as viral infections affecting it are of great value for food safety. Information computer technologies application suggested in the work would make this branch of economy more effective in Ukraine and in the whole world.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

O. V. Fedorovych | B. V. Gutyj | V. S. Fedorovych | I. O. Chornyi

An important place in meeting the needs in food of the population has fisheries. The development of this industry, the increase in production and ensuring the high quality of fish as a food product greatly depend on the animal health of the farms and timely conducting veterinary and preventive measures – the basics of providing the mepizootic well-being. Fisheries in Ukraine engaged in more than 6 thousand individuals and legal entities. However, as evidenced by the practice of recent years and results of ichthyoparasitic studies, almost all fish planting and uterine young in the fish farms of Ukraine is infested by invaders of invasive diseases, including ichthyophthiosis, argulosis, lerneosis, fingerprinting, hydrodactylosis, diplozoonosis and others. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantaged regions of Ukraine with invasive fish diseases is west. In the pond farms of Rivne and Volyn regions it is wide the parasites were distributed: diplastomids and filometers, the larvae of which affect the muscle tissue and internal organs of the fish. In the ponds of Western Polissya of Ukraine has identified 23 species of parasites belonging to the classes of Monogenea, Hirudinea, Bivalvia and Crustacea. It should be noted that in most farms mainly mixed infestations are common in the western region. In the south of Ukraine, diplo- stomosis, metogonimosis, filometridosis, lerneosis and hepaticosis were registered. In the natural reservoirs of Mykolaiv invasiveness of fish of different species by P. ovatus metacercariae was revealed. Fishes of artificial and natural reservoirs of Kharkiv region were found 16 species of parasites belonging to the classes of Trematoidea, Cestoidea, Nematoda,Acanthocephala, Crustacea, Mastigophora, Infusoria and Monogenoidea. In the fish farms of Cherkasy, Zhytomyr and Kyiv areas in most cases the fish was struck by monogeneas. In the natural waters of Sumy region were registered trienophorosis and rafidoscaridosis. It is known that the infection of fish with parasites causes a delay in its growth and development, reduction of fatness, deterioration of product and taste, impaired reproduction and even death. Therefore regular monitoring of parasitofauna of fish in the pond farms of Ukraine is necessary because study of patterns of occurrence and spread of fish diseases, prediction of those diseases affect the efficiency of aquaculture breeding and preservation of fish products.

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2019

F. E. Safarova | E. B. Shakarboev | U. A. Shakarbaev | F. D. Akramova | D. A. Azimov

Objective of research: A study of the fauna and ecology of cercariae and metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum in the main reservoirs in the northeast of Uzbekistan. Materials and methods. This paper is based on the results of the study of the fauna and ecology of cercariae and metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum in the Syrdarya river basin (within Uzbekistan). Cercariae and metacercariae were investigated by the most common methods of trematodology. Results and discussion. The results of this study revealed that cercariae of the genus Diplostomum were found only in mollusks Lymnaea inhabiting different types of water bodies of the investigated region. Infestation of mollusks with parthenia and cercariae D. helveticum was observed in L. stagnalis - 1,5 %, L. auricularia - 1,3 %. The infection rate of cercariae D. spathaceum was in L. stagnalis, L. auricularia, L. peregra - 0,7 %, L. corvus - 0,5 %. The last species was described as a new host for D. spathaceum. Original data on the morphology and biology of cercariae D. helveticum and D. spathaceum developing in mollusks of the genus Lymnaea fauna in Uzbekistan, are presented. In the surveyed water bodies numerous species of Cypriniformes were infected with metacercariae of D. helveticum and D. spathaceum.

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2019

Samojlova, N.V. | Ageev, O.V., Kaliningrad State Technical Univ.

Potential of laser measurement of morphometric parameters of fish raw material has been proved. Applicability of the problem of developing mathematical models of a luminous body based on the formalized descriptions of the contours of raw materials of various types has been shown. Procedure of experimental research of trawl fish contours has been expounded. An experimental facility, made as videocomputer module, has been described. The contours of Atlantic herring, sardinella, mackerel and horse mackerel have been investigated. Measurements have been carried out on defrosted fish using 25 specimens of each species. The sequence of digital processing of fish video images in order to obtain dimensionless coordinates of the body contours has been described. For each specimen, a table with 500 coordinates of the fish top semi-contour (fish back) and a table with 500 coordinates of the lower semi-contour (fish belly) have been formed in the computer memory. The areas formed by the images of fins and tails have been removed by digital processing. Data files with the coordinates of 12,500 contour points for each of the four fish species (50,000 points) have been processed. Mathematical models of the top and lower fish half-contours have been presented in the form of approximating third-order polynomials. The dimensionless models identification for each fish species has been performed by statistical processing of the dimensionless coordinates by the least squares method. The coefficients of the approximating polynomial of the third degree for the Atlantic herring top half-contour are 0.00937; 0.5271; 0.7511; 0.2612. For the lower half-contour of the Atlantic herring, the corresponding coefficients are -0.0157; -0.6651; 0.9223; -0.2788. The adequacy of the models obtained to the experimental data according to the Fisher criteria has been tested. For the top half-contours of Atlantic herring the indices of determination in the approximation of the second, third and fourth order polynomials are 0.935; 0.966; 0.967, respectively. For the lower half-contours of fish, the indices of determination are 0.952; 0.971; 0.972. The significance of the difference in the indices of determination of third and fourth degrees polynomials is insignificant and is 0.001. The obtained mathematical descriptions are adequate to the experimental data and characterize the most probable form of the body of Atlantic herring, sardinella, horse mackerel and mackerel. | Обоснована перспективность лазерного измерения морфометрических параметров рыбного сырья. Показана актуальность задачи разработки математических моделей светящего тела на основе формализованных описаний контуров различных видов сырья. Изложена методика экспериментального исследования контуров промысловых рыб. Описана экспериментальная установка, выполненная как видеокомпьютерный модуль. Исследованы контуры сельди атлантической, сардинеллы, скумбрии и ставриды. Измерения проведены на дефростированной рыбе с использованием 25 экземпляров каждого вида. Описана последовательность цифровой обработки видеоизображений рыб с целью получения безразмерных координат контуров тела. В памяти ЭВМ для каждого экземпляра сформирована таблица с 500 координатами верхнего полуконтура рыбы (спинки), а также таблица с 500 координатами нижнего полуконтура (брюшка). Цифровым методом удалены области, образованные изображениями плавников и хвостов. Обработаны массивы данных с координатами 12500 точек контуров для каждого из 4-х видов рыб (50000 точек). Математические модели верхних и нижних полуконтуров рыб представлены в виде аппроксимирующих полиномов третьего порядка. Идентификация безразмерных моделей для каждого вида рыбы выполнена путем статистической обработки безразмерных координат методом наименьших квадратов. Коэффициенты аппроксимирующего полинома третьей степени для верхнего полуконтура сельди атлантической - 0,00937; 0,5271; 0,7511; 0,2612, для нижнего – -0,0157; -0,6651; 0,9223; -0,2788. Проведена проверка адекватности полученных моделей экспериментальным данным по критерию Фишера. Для верхних полуконтуров сельди атлантической индексы детерминации при аппроксимации полиномами второго, третьего и четвертого порядков составляют - 0,935; 0,966; 0,967, для нижних полуконтуров – 0,952; 0,971; 0,972. Значимость различия индексов детерминации полиномов третьей и четвертой степеней несущественная и составляет 0,001. Полученные описания адекватны экспериментальным данным и характеризуют наиболее вероятную форму тела сельди атлантической, сардинеллы, ставриды и скумбрии.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Ageev, O.V. | Naumov, V.A. | Fatykhov, Yu.A. | Samojlova, N.V., Kaliningrad State Technical Univ.

The relevance of researching the process of fish cutting fish and modeling forces of harmful resistance is shown. The fish muscular tissue rheological properties are described by a Maxwell-Thomson model. The conditions of constrained compression of the material across the width and the absence of constrained compression in the direction of movement of the knife are accepted. On the basis of the energy approach, the profile resistance force of the double-edged knife has been interpreted as deformational force of the friction at the macroscopic scale level, provided that the surface of the faces is smooth. The mathematical models for dimensional and dimensionless profile resistance forces of the knife without side edges has been developed. The dependence of the dimensional force on the sharpening angles, knife thickness, rheological properties and cutting speed has been established. The dependence of the force on the cutting speed is non-monotonic with a pronounced maximum. The dependence of the dimensionless force on the dimensionless cutting speed and measure of the muscle tissue elasticity has been shown. The profile resistance forces of flat-back knife and double-edged knives has been analyzed. Using of double-edged knife without side edges provides a significant reduction in the strength of harmful resistances and a reduction in the energy consumption during fish cutting. With sharpening angle of back edges of 5; 10; 20; 50 degrees force maximums are 0.317; 0.306; 0.288; 0.274, respectively. When the values of instantaneous modulus of elasticity 1.5*10E5; 2*10E5; 2.5*10E5; 3*10E5 N/m2 the maximums of the specified force are 0.310; 0.411; 0.513; 0.614 N, respectively. With the values of elasticity measure of 4; 7; 11; 15 dimensionless force maximums of flat-back knife are 1.959; 3.166; 4.774; 6.381 and without side edges – 1.193; 1.864; 2.764; 3.663, respectively. | Показана актуальность исследования процесса резания рыбы и моделирования сил вредных сопротивлений. Мышечная ткань рыбы описана реологической моделью Максвелла-Томсона. Приняты условия стесненного сжатия материала по ширине и отсутствия стесненного сжатия по направлению движения ножа. На основе энергетического подхода сила сопротивления формы ножа представлена как деформационная сила трения на макроскопическом масштабном уровне при условии гладкости поверхности граней. Разработаны математические модели для размерной и безразмерной сил сопротивления формы ножа без боковых граней. Установлена зависимость размерной силы от углов заточки, толщины ножа, реологических свойств материала и скорости резания. Зависимость силы от скорости резания является немонотонной с явно выраженным максимумом. Показана зависимость безразмерной силы от безразмерной скорости резания и меры эластичности мышечной ткани. Выполнен сравнительный анализ сил сопротивления формы ножа с прямым обухом и двухкромочных ножей. Показано, что использование двухкромочного ножа без боковых граней обеспечивает существенное снижение силы вредных сопротивлений и сокращение энергетических затрат на резание рыбы. При углах заточки задних наклонных граней 5; 10; 20; 50 градусов максимумы силы составляют 0,317; 0,306; 0,288; 0,274 Н соответственно. При значениях мгновенного модуля упругости 1,5*10E5; 2*10E5; 2,5*10E5; 3*10E5 Н/м2 максимумы силы 0,310; 0,411; 0,513; 0,614 Н соответственно. При значениях меры эластичности 4; 7; 11; 15 максимумы безразмерной силы сопротивления формы ножа с боковыми гранями составляют 1,959; 3,166; 4,774; 6,381, без боковых граней − 1,193; 1,864; 2,764; 3,663 соответственно.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Soklakov, V.V. | Rachkova, N.A., Kaliningrad State Technical Univ.

When using titrimetric methods, visual determination of the equivalence point is one of the negative factors affecting the quality of chemical indicators determination in foodstuffs. The acid value of hydrobiont fat is used as a rejection criterion both in terms of product safety and its usability as medical, food, veterinary or technical. Analysis of the methods that are used in order to determine this indicator in the food industry has shown the possibility of using apart from titrimetry, also potentiometry, IR-spectroscopy and NMR-spectroscopy. When solving the problem of modernization of the existing standardized method by means of instrument detection, available to most potential users, the titration method with potentiometric indication has been chosen. A technique that has been standardized in GOST 7636, involving dissolution of a fat sample in a neutralized binary solvent and its titration with an alkali solution, has been supplemented with a potentiometric indication of the equivalence point by a difference of potential or a differential titration curve. Approbation of the proposed technique involves the use of fat samples of different colors of freshwater and oceanic fish. The samples have been obtained from frozen raw materials, as well as commercial products with different storage periods. Comparative determination of the acid value with the proposed and standardized techniques has showed that the results do not exceed the repeatability limit established in GOST 7636, which may argue for validity of the potentiometric indication. In the case of the difficulty in determining the titration end point at a titration curve due to the physicochemical properties of fat, we suggest using a pH value of 12.75. | Одним из факторов, негативно влияющих на результаты определений химических показателей пищевых продуктов, представляется визуальное определение точки эквивалентности при использовании титриметрических методов. Кислотное число жира гидробионтов применяется как браковочный критерий, как по безопасности продукции, так и по возможности её использования в качестве медицинской, пищевой, ветеринарной или технической. Анализ применяемых методов определения этого показателя в пищевой промышленности показал возможность использования помимо титриметрии также и потенциометрии, ИК-спектроскопии и ЯМР-спектроскопии. При решении задачи по модернизации существующего стандартизированного метода посредством приборного детектирования, доступного большинству потенциальных пользователей, был выбран метод титрования с потенциометрической индикацией. Стандартизированная в ГОСТ 7636 методика, предполагающая растворение навески жира в нейтрализованном бинарном растворителе и её титрование раствором щёлочи, была дополнена потенциометрической индикацией точки эквивалентности по скачку потенциала или по дифференциальной кривой титрования. Апробация предлагаемой методики предполагала использование образцов жиров различной окрашенности из пресноводных и океанических рыб. Образцы были получены из мороженого сырья, а также представляли собой коммерческие продукты с различными периодами хранения. Сравнительные определения кислотного числа предлагаемой и стандартизированной методик показали, что полученные результаты не выходят за установленный в ГОСТ 7636 предел повторяемости, что может свидетельствовать о валидности потенциометрической индикации. В случае сложности определения точки окончания титрования по кривой титрования из-за физико-химических свойств жира предлагается использовать в её качестве значение pH 12,75.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Yevseyeva, A. A. | Bolbotov, G. A. | Kirichenko , O. I.

Приводится список рыбообразных и рыб, обитающих в водоемах и водотоках бассейна Верхнего Иртыша. Список содержит 43 вида, относящихся к 7 отрядам, 10 семействам и 30 родам. Включены все зарегистрированные на настоящий момент виды, валидность которых была пересмотрена в соответствующих систематических ревизиях. Три вида таймень Hucho taimen Pallas, 1773, нельма Stenodus leucichtys nelma Pallas, 1773, сибирский осетр Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 внесены в Красную Книгу Республики Казахстан. В бассейне Верхнего Иртыша к редким ценным видам, нуждающимся в сохранении генофонда из-за возможности его утраты, кроме уже внесенных в Красную Книгу Республики Казахстан можно отнести еще ряд видов: минога тихоокеанская Lethenteron camtschaticum Tilesius, 1811, стерлядь Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 маркакольский ленок Brachymystax savinovi Mitrofanov 1959. | The complete list of fish-like vertebrates and fishes living in reservoirs and watercourses of the basin of the Upper Irtysh is given. The list contains 43 species belonging to 7 orders, 10 families and 30 genera. All currently registered species whose validity has been reviewed in the relevant systematic audits are included. Three types of taimen Hucho taimen Pallas, 1773, nelma Stenodus leucichthys nelma Pallas, 1773, and Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the basin of the Upper Irtysh, the rare valuable species are in need of preservation of the gene pool because of the possibility of loss. In addition to those listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan we need to include some more species, namely the Pacific lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum Tilesius, 1811, sterlet Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758, and Markakol lenok Brachymystax savinovi Mitrofanov 1959. For each species, taxonomic comments, conservation status, and distribution are provided, abundance and comments value are indicated. Latin and Russian names are given.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2019

Wahidi B.R. | Yanuhar U. | Fadjar M. | Andayani S.

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) not only can infect cyprinidae, but also infect other freshwater fishes. It causes KHV to spread widely throughout the world. Infection of KHV in fish has several symptoms and one of them is increased HSP70 expression. The purpose of this study is to detect HSP70 expression in KHV-infected tilapia. The study were carried out by qualitatively examining expression of HSP70 in the gill of tilapia, both normal tilapia and KHV-infected tilapia, and by detecting the tissue damage caused by KHV by means of histopathology. The results of this study show that HSP70 was detected in fish that were infected by KHV, while in control fish, HSP70 was not detected. This result indicates that tilapia infected by KHV experience an increase in HSP70 expression. Damage to the gill of tilapia is also one of the responses to KHV antigens in the host cell. Thus, this study presumed that KHV infection in tilapia is influenced by the expression of HSP70.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

O. Klyuchko | L. Buchatsky | Yu. Rud | O. Melezhyk

Purpose. Purpose of the work is to create fish databases using rainbow trout data and basing on new methods of theoretical analysis of fish data and their ordering in hierarchical structures with elements represented as relation tables linked through a system with primary keys with specific codes.Methodology. The methods of object-oriented system analysis, ER-diagram design, and the methods of computer databases construction were used in process of present work.Findings. Some well-known fish databases (seafood, aquaculture samples) were reviewed and some of their peculiarities are analyzed from the point of view of professional construction of relational databases within modern electronic information systems. The ways of the construction of such databases for domestic use in connection with the Internet were proposed. A number of algorithm stages for fish database design was described on the example of the information on rainbow trout and locations of its occurrence (catches) in Ukraine; ER-diagram, logical diagram of such database with its elements that can be presented in tables are suggested as well. Such tables should be unmistakably interconnected through the key system, and this procedure is described in detail in the article, as well as the creation of specific key codes, their formation and use to form links between the tables. The implementation of described works can be considered as one of the first stages in the development of interactive map with information of the fish species distribution (and locations of their catches) in Ukraine.Originality. Such important modern project as an interactive map with the information on the distribution of fish species (and locations of their catches) based on modern information and computer technologies using biological databases has not been implemented yet in Ukraine. The work described in this article is the first step in creating of such a map that will facilitate further intensive introduction of modern information technologies and the development of domestic fishery industry.Practical value. Rainbow trout is an important object for fishery industry of the country; and development of interactive electronic map with the information on the spread of the rainbow trout and other fish species (and places of their catches) in Ukraine is an important step for the transformation of fishery industry in our country to the contemporary level of the world technologies and for the provision of food safety. Using of contemporary computer technologies suggested in the this article, would make this branch more effective in Ukraine and in the whole world.

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2019

Safronova T. | Panchishina E. | Kraschenko V. | Karpenko Y.

Introduction. The research features a detailed sensory evaluation of mass fishing objects belonging to different families, namely: the Macrouridae represented by the giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis), the Herrings represented by the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), and the Salmons represented by the Keta salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The research objective was to study the possibility of increasing the information content of the verbal description of fish raw materials in combination with a quantitative assessment of individual sensory indicators.Research objects and methods. The paper introduces the concept of detailed verbal description of group parameters of raw and heattreated muscle tissue. The description can increase the information capacity of sensory studies. The concept of extended description of fish raw material was added to the main sensory properties that describe color, smell, taste, and consistency. They include data on the properties of local areas with subcutaneous layer, dark muscles, fat layers, etc. Such a detailed verbal description gives an in-depth view of the sensory properties, which is part of general information on the functional and technological properties of the fish and a key factor in designing new developed products. To improve the objectivity of sensory research, the authors employed the method of quantitative evaluation.Results and discussion. The results were summed up as data on the significance coefficients established by experts, ranked, and expressed as a percentage. The significance coefficient is a method of quantitative regulation of the share of each sensory indicator in the general sensory evaluation. The research showed that the greater the number of group sensory indicators that characterize the object, the smaller and more similar their coefficients of significance, which dramatically reduces application opportunities. Therefore, significance coefficient proved a convenient means of measurement and visual presentation. However, the research was limited by the experimental conditions.Conclusion. The study of the fish raw materials established, identified, and described individual sensory indicators that involved about twenty lexical units for raw material and thirty units for heat-treated muscle tissue. The individual sensory indicators characterized color, smell, and taste. They differed in the presence of several degrees of gradation and fit into a vertical three-level (sometimes two-level) classification. Group touch indicator of the consistency describes mostly single-level unit indicators with 4–6 lexical units. As a result, the detailed description of sensory properties of fish raw materials included 2–3 times more lexical units compared to the traditional description of fish raw materials in the special reference literature.

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