AGRIS - 

2023

Mistratova, N.A. | Korotchenko, I.S. | Samarokova, A.V.

Black currant (BC) propagation by lignified cuttings to obtain high-quality planting material for one growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was studied. Three modifications of biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles solutions (NS) added with traditional growth hormone were used. The cuttings were soaked in water or treated with indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA); IAA+ferrihydrite (IAA+Feh); IAA+Co-doped ferrihydrite (IAA+Feh_Co); IAA+ferrihydrite doped with Mn (IAA+Feh_Mn). The study objects were 'Selechenskaya' BC plants. The area of assimilation surface and the leaf pigment compositions were assessed in dynamics. Before planting, black currant cuttings were soaked in nanoparticle solutions (exposure 12 h), then, during the growing season, the leaf surface of rooted cuttings every 14 days were exogenously treated with the same but no IAA NS four times. The results of the leaf pigment concentration determinations and biometric observations during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 are presented. It has been established that the maximum concentration of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids in BC leaves to growing season end was affected by the use of NS of ferrihydrite doped with cobalt and manganese added with IAA. Thus, concentration of chlorophyll a, b increased by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively, in the variant with cobalt-doped ferrihydrite nanoparticles compared to the no-treatment variant. The values of the assimilation surface of leaves depended on the climatic parameters of the study year and on the content of photosynthetic pigments in BC leaves. Between leaf blade area and chlorophyll a concentration, a direct relationship was noted (r=0.87), a close relationship: in 2021 between the area of the leaf blade of black currant and the amount of precipitation (r=0.83-0.94), in 2022 between the area of BC leaf blade and air temperature (r=0.85-0.93). The best conditions for leaf assimilation surface formation in 'Selechenskaya' BC are created due to soaking of cuttings and foliar treatment of vegetative plants with ferrihydrite NS doped with cobalt and manganese. | При размножении смородины чёрной (СЧ) одревесневшими черенками для получения качественного посадочного материала за один вегетационный период в лесостепной зоне Красноярского края использовали растворы наночастиц (РНЧ) биогенного ферригидрита с добавлением традиционного гормона роста в 3 модификациях: контроль (замачивание черенков в воде); обработка индолил-3-уксусной кислотой (ИУК); ИУК+ферригидрит (ИУК+Feh); ИУК+ферригидрит, допированный Со (ИУК+Feh_Со); ИУК+ферригидрит, допированный Mn (ИУК+Feh_Mn). Объект – растения СЧ сорта Селеченская. Проведена оценка площади ассимиляционной поверхности и пигментный состав листьев в динамике. Черенки перед посадкой замачивали в РНЧ (экспозиция 12 ч), в течение вегетационного периода проводилась четырехкратная (с интервалом 14 дней) экзогенная обработка листовой поверхности окорененных черенков этими же РНЧ, но без ИУК. Представлены данные по концентрации пигментов в листьях и биометрических наблюдений в динамике вегетационных периодов 2021 и 2022 гг. На максимальную концентрацию в листьях СЧ хлорофилла а и b, каротиноидов к концу периода вегетации повлияло использование РНЧ ферригидрита, допированного Co и Mn с добавлением ИУК. Концентрация хлорофилла а, b увеличилась в 1,3, и 1,6 раз, соответственно, на варианте с РНЧ ферригидрита, допированного Co, по сравнению с контролем. Значения ассимиляционной поверхности листьев зависели от климатических параметров года исследования и от содержания фотосинтетических пигментов в листьях СЧ. Между площадью листовой пластинки и концентрацией хлорофилла а отмечена прямая зависимость (r=0,87). Тесная зависимость выявлена в 2021 г. между площадью листовой пластинки и количеством осадков (r=0,83-0,94), в 2022 г. между площадью листовой пластинки и температурой воздуха (r=0,85-0,93). Лучшие условия для формирования ассимиляционной поверхности листьев СЧ создаются при замачивании черенков и некорневой обработке вегетирующих растений РНЧ ферригидрита, допированного Co и Mn.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Bojtsenyuk, L.I. | Zhelonkina, E.Eh. | Pafnutova, E.G. | Suslov, S.V., State Univ. of Land Management, Moscow

Considered are the issues of increasing the yield of fruit and berry crops at the expense of pollinating insects. In this regard, we have conducted studies that increase the yield of fruit and berry crops through the use of phytohormones. Experiments showed that the exogenous replenishment of phytohormones in different variants with insufficient pollination increased the quality and quantity of the crop. Processing gibberellins increased the growth rate of pollen and the length of the tubes. Auxins to a greater extent increase the attractive properties of the ovules, which contributes to an increase in the average mass of the fetus. Our statistical analysis of the experimental data has shown that with a lack of hormones, the percentage of fetuses and their mass decreases. Exogenous replenishment of the missing physiologically active substances increases both the yield value and its quality. It has been shown that the use of indole acetic acid and gibberellin is most effective when there is insufficient pollination, which creates prerequisites for the development of techniques for using these hormones in order to level the effect of insufficient insect visits to the flower. Based on the above facts, it can be considered a confirmed hypothesis about the significance of the number of phytohormones obtained with pollen and pestle for the formation and development of the fetus. | Рассмотрены вопросы повышения урожайности плодово-ягодных культур за счет насекомых-опылителей. В связи с этим были проведены исследования по повышению урожайности плодово-ягодных культур за счет применения фитогормонов. Проведенные опыты показали, что экзогенное восполнение фитогормонов в разных вариантах с недостаточным опылением увеличило качество и количество урожая. Обработка гиббереллинами увеличила скорость роста пыльцы и длину трубок. Ауксины в большей степени увеличивают аттрагирующие свойства семяпочки, что способствует возрастанию средней массы плода. Проведенный статистический анализ данных эксперимента показал, что при недостатке гормонов уменьшается процент завязавшихся плодов и их масса. Экзогенное восполнение недостающих физиологически активных веществ увеличивает как величину урожая, так и его качество. Показано, что применение индолилуксусной кислоты и гиббереллина наиболее эффективно при недостаточном опылении, что создает предпосылки для разработки приемов применения данных гормонов с целью нивелирования эффекта от недостаточного посещения цветка насекомыми. Исходя из вышеизложенных фактов, можно считать подтвержденным гипотезу о значении количества фитогормонов, полученных с пыльцой пестиком для формирования и развития плода.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Sokolova, M.G. | Akimova, G.P., Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Irkutsk

Strains of rhizosphere microorganisms Azotobacter chroococcum Az d10, Bacillus megaterium P1-04, B. mucilaginosus 15-74 were isolated from grey forest soils of the Western Siberia. All of them were capable of synthesizing cytokinins and indoleacetic acid. Three forms of cytokinins in all have been found: dihydrozeatinriboside, isopentenyladenosine, transzeatinriboside. Bacterial cultures differed in their ratio. Cucumber seeds inoculated with pure culture solutions in the concentration of 0.5 ml/l were grown in dishes in filtered paper. As a result, the content of cytokinins in the cucumber sprouts increased by 35.6%, indoleacetic acid by 21.3%. The germination intensity of seed, the growth rate and biomass of sprouts, the number of side roots and the area of root fibril distribution have increased. The ratio of cytokinins and indoleacetic acid during bacterization shifted toward cytokinins by increasing the content of their riboside forms. Increasing the growth indices is explained by stimulating due to both endogenous phytohormones and those coming from microorganisms. Combine using three strains is more effective. The studied cultures of rhizobacteria are recommended to use for presowing treatment of seeds of different agricultural crops | Из серых лесных почв Западной Сибири были выделены штаммы ризосферных микроорганизмов Azotobacter chroococcum Az d10, Bacillus megaterium P1-04, B. mucilaginosus В-1574. Все они были способны к синтезу цитокининов (ЦК) и индолилуксусной кислоты (ИУК). Всего выявлено 3 формы ЦК: дигидрозеатинрибозид, изопентениладенозин, трансзеатинрибозид. Бактериальные культуры различались по их соотношению. В кюветах на фильтровальной бумаге проращивали семена огурца, инокулированные р-рами чистых культур в концентрации 0,5 мл/л с содержанием бактерий 10E6 КОЕ/мл. В результате содержание ЦК в проростках огурца возросло на 35,6%, ИУК – на 21,3%. Увеличилась интенсивность прорастания семян, скорость роста и биомасса проростков, количество боковых корней и площадь распространения корневых волосков. Соотношение ИУК и ЦК при бактеризации сдвигалось в сторону ЦК за счет увеличения содержания их рибозидных форм. Увеличение показателей роста объясняется стимуляцией за счет как эндогенных фитогормонов, так и поступающих от микроорганизмов. Более эффективно комплексное применение 3 штаммов. Изученные культуры ризобактерий рекомендуется использовать для предпосевной обработки семян различных с.-х. культур.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Aval'baev, A.M. | Yuldashev, R.A. | Fatkhutdinova, R.A. | Urusov, F.A. | Safutdinova, Yu.V. | Shakirova, F.M.

We studied the influence of the preconditioning of wheat germ Triticum aestivum L.) with 0.4 micro mole 24-epibrassidinole (EB) on the growth and hormone status of plants under the influence of 2% NaCl. The preconditioning with EB promoted the lowering of the extent of the damaging influence of pickling on the growth of germs. The important contribution to the realization of the protective action of EB in the preconditioning of plants is probably that of its ability to lower the level of stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation and the decrease in the content of indole-acetic acid. At the same time, the cytokinin concentration in plants preconditioned with EB under pickling was practically the same as in plants without stress. This fact combined with data about the ability of EB to induce the increase in cytokinin content in wheat, obtained before, allowed us to assume that the protective action of EB on plants is connected, first of all, with the prevention of the increase in level of hormones of cytokinin nature under pickling

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Voronkov, A.S. | Andreev, I.M. | Timofeeva, G.I. | Kovaleva, L.V., Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). The K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology

Exogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) effect on plasma membrane electric potential in germinating pollen grains of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) was studied with the lipophilic potential-sensitive cationic dye safranin O. The aim was to know if electrogenic H+ -ATPase activity of the plasma membrane was sensitive to the studied hormone. Addition of IAA to pollen grains suspended in a K+-free medium was found to induce significant hyperpolarization of the plasmalemma. This effect was completely blocked by orthovanadate Ca2+ -active reagents (EGTA and verapamil) and by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), the inhibitor of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase of plasmalemma. It was also strongly inhibited by presence of K+ at centimolar concentrations in the medium. The hyperpolarizing influence of IAA was imitated by application of hydrogen peroxide, furthermore the H2O2-induced shift of the membrane potential was inhibited by the same agents which suppressed the IAA-induced hyperpolarization of the pollen plasmalemma. It is concluded that the IAA induced hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane in male gametophytes of petunia is caused by enhanced electrogenic activity of ATP-dependent proton pump. It is supposed that the effect of IAA is mediated by the transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ level and by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Talanova, V.V.

Winter wheat, barley, soya beans, cucumber and tomato have served as test objects. The plants have been grown during 7-14 days on nutrient Knop solution and filtering paper or in ceramic cans with sand at a chamber of artificial climate at 22-25 deg C, air humidity of 60-70%, light intensity of 170 micro mole per 1 square m and at photoperiod of 14 hours. The plants have been exposed to salts of heavy metals, low and high temperatures, chloride salts. The stress factors (SF) have been used by one or in combination of 2 logically acting. Common regularities of plant reaction to SF are found out: the all SF cause increase of resistance (RS) at low doses and they do decrease of RS and plant damages (up to their die) at high doses. At a primary period of acting of any of the studied SF plant RS to some of the others factors increases. Raise of nonspecific RS accompanies by increase of endogenous abscisic acid (AA) in leaves and roots. This effect is also observed at a local SF expose (of a root system or aboveground part) and it distributes over a whole plant. Exogenous AA also cause RS increase to some SF simultaneously. There is a transit increase of indoleacetic acid level at the beginning of low and high temperature action. Wheat RS increase is connected with a raised expression of the gene of a transcription factor WRKY, AA-depending genes (Wrab17, Wrab19) and Cor-genes (Wcor 15, Wcs120) at the primary period of low hardening temperature action and it is done with an expression of the genes Wrab17 and Wcor 15. Increase of cucumber nonspecific RS is connected with an expression of the gene of a transcription factor CBF1. The conclusion is that phytohormone (especially AA) level and their proportion change rapidly under SF action that leads to a changeover of functional cell activity from the common development program to the adaptation one.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation