AGRIS - 

2020

Mammadova, Sh.

The introduction of various fertilizer rates led to a change in the amount of nutrients in the irrigated gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula. The amount of nitrates and ammonia absorbed in soils under legumes increased with increasing fertilization rates. In the course of the experiment, the maximum amount of available phosphorus in the control compared with the soils under legumes was recorded at the early stages of their development. In connection with the formation of vegetative and generative organs of plants during the growing season, the use of mobile phosphorus from the soil by plants increased. The minimum amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil was observed when legumes were fully ripe. A similar process was observed in the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2020

Rudenko, O.S. | Kondrat'ev, N.B. | Osipov, M.V. | Belova, I.A. | Lavrukhin, M.A., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Confectionery, Moscow

Определено фактическое содержание органических кислот и макроэлементов в образцах пюре клубники, черной смородины, ежевики, клюквы, груши, вишни, абрикоса. Среднее значение массовой доли яблочной кислоты в исследованных видах сырья составило 0,7%, а в яблочном пюре – 0,43%. Среднее значение массовой доли суммы калия и магния составило для представленных видов сырья 212 мг/100 г, а ранее определенное значение для яблочного пюре - 211 мг/100 г. Сопоставление фактических значений и справочных данных диапазонов содержания яблочной кислоты и суммы калия и магния показывают возможность определения содержания фруктовой составляющей в различных группах кондитерских изделий. Обосновано, что в качестве показателей идентификации для многих групп фруктового сырья можно использовать органические кислоты и макроэлементы. Получены фактические данные по содержанию органических кислот и макроэлементов в некоторых видах фруктового пюре из тропических фруктов, которые варьируют в очень широких пределах. У исследованных образцов массовая доля яблочной кислоты находится в диапазоне от 0,03% до 0,30%, содержание калия - в диапазоне от 60 мг до 301 мг на 100 г продукта, а содержание магния – от 6 мг до 21 мг на 100 г продукта. Подтверждена сохранность органических кислот и макроэлементов в яблочном пюре в процессе хранения, что свидетельствует о возможности их использования в кондитерской промышленности в качестве точных и достоверных критериев идентификации фруктового сырья в готовых изделиях. | Summaries (En, Ru) | 5 ill. | The actual content of organic acids and macronutrients in the samples of purees made of strawberries, black currants, blackberries, cranberries, pears, cherries, apricots was determined in the work. The average value of malic acid mass fraction in the studied types of raw materials was 0.7%, in apple puree it counted 0.43%. The average value of the sum of potassium and magnesium mass fraction for the presented types of raw materials was 212 mg/100 g, and the previously determined value for apple puree was 211 mg/100 g. Comparison of the actual values and reference data of the ranges of malic acid content and potassium and magnesium sum shows the possibility of the fruit component content determination in various confectionery products groups. Organic acids and macronutrients were proven to be used as identification indicators for many groups of fruit raw materials. The factual data on organic acids and macronutrients content in some types of fruit purees made of tropical fruits, which vary within very wide ranges, were obtained in the work. In the studied samples the mass fraction of malic acid is in the range from 0.03% to 0.30%. The potassium content ranges from 60 mg to 301 mg per 100 g of product, and the magnesium content ranges from 6 mg to 21 mg per 100 g of product. The preservation of organic acids and macronutrients in apple puree was proved during storage. This indicates the possibility of their use in the confectionery industry as accurate and reliable criteria for fruit raw materials identification in finished products. | 2 tables | 28 ref.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Гавришко, О. (Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv (Ukraine | Олифир, Ю. (Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv (Ukraine | Габриель, А. (Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv (Ukraine | Партика, Т. (Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv (Ukraine

The method of processing statistical data consists in comparing correlation coefficients between one or many pairs to establish correlation relationships between them. In the conditions of a classical stationary experiment, the correlation between humus and agrochemical indicators of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil was investigated during a long-term agricultural use in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The experiment was established in 1965 with different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizes, farmyard manure and lime. The results showed that correlation coefficient between the content of humus and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen (N) is paired (r = 0.958-0.997). It has been proved that with prolonged application of only mineral fertilizers (N65Р68K68) a connection between humus, nitrogen, and mobile phosphorus (Р2 О5 ) is observed at a level of r = 0.989-0.775. However, in variants where along with mineral and organic fertilizers 1.0 and 1.5 doses of CaCO3 were applied according to hydrolytic acidity, even closer links are observed between humus, N and Р2 О5 , while the correlation coefficient is 0.906-0.954. At the same time, close correlation between the content of humus and exchange potassium (K2 О) in light gray forest surface-gleyed soil in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine has not been established.

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Technical University of Moldova - Republic of Moldova

2019

Капсамун, А.Д. | Иванова, Н.Н. | Павлючик, Е.Н. | Пушкина, Л.В.

Статья посвящена изучению эффективности обмена и использования отдельных жизненно важных макро- и микроэлементов в организме жвачных животных в пастбищный период. С целью выявления обеспеченности молочных коров минеральными элементами при разных уровнях подкормки их концентратами был проведен научно-производственный опыт на опытном участке ФГБНУ ВНИИМЗ, расположенном в четырех километрах к юго-востоку от города Тверь, на двух группах коров – аналогов черно-пестрой породы, со среднесуточным удоем 12-15 кг молока, на восьмом месяце лактации. В результате исследований изучена возможность снижения удельного веса концентрированных кормов в рационе коров опытной группы, что способствовало увеличению потребления пастбищной травы по всем месяцам летнего периода. За сезон животные опытной группы потребили травы на 19,6% больше, чем контрольные. Относительная абсорбция минеральных веществ подопытными животными в изучаемых рационах была на достаточно высоком уровне. Сделан вывод о том, что при хорошем травостое снижение расхода концентратов с 240 г до 130 г на 1 кг молока в летних рационах коров с продуктивностью в контрольной группе 12,2, а в опытной – 12,6 кг в сутки, при содержании жира в молоке соответственно 4,12% и 4,46%, не отражается на переваримости минеральных веществ. Содержание химических элементов в кале, моче, молоке и в теле животных зависит от их содержания в рационе. При содержании коров с удоем 12-15 кг молока на культурных пастбищах им целесообразно скармливать не более 130-150 г концентратов на 1кг молока при одновременном контроле рациона по минеральным элементам, особенно по фосфору, кобальту, йоду и др.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2019

Betin, A.N. | Frolov, A.I., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, Tambov

The data obtained in the experiment on young cattle using various doses of granular potash as a feed additive in the diets are presented. The experiment took place in two stages: the first stage was carried out on young cattle at the age of 2–4 months, the second stage – at the calves' age of 4–6 months. For each stage, three groups of calves were formed on the basis of analogues taking into account live weight and health status: control group and two experimental ones. 2-4-month-old calves of one experimental group were added 1 kg of the other experimental group – 2 kg of granular potash per 1 ton of mixed feed. Calves 4-6 months of age were added respectively 2 kg and 4 kg per 1 ton of mixed feed. It was found that the daily live weight gain of 2–4 month old calves was higher in the experimental groups by 1.9 and 2.8% respectively. The use of feed additive for calves 4-6 months of age with a rate of application of 2 kg and 4 kg per 1 ton in mixed feed has increased the daily live weight gain by 3.1 and 4.4% respectively. The use of granular potash in the rations of calves had a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of the blood of animals, activated protein metabolism and normalized its fractional composition, increased the content of calcium, phosphorus and potassium. The additional income from the sale of young animals in the experimental groups of different ages compared to the control amounted to 86.25–122.5 and 164.44–228.88 rubles respectively. | Приведены данные, полученные в эксперименте на молодняке крупного рогатого скота с применением в рационах различных доз гранулированного калия карбоната в качестве кормовой добавки. Первый этап опыта был проведен на молодняке в возрасте 2–4 мес., второй этап – в возрасте 4–6 мес. Для каждого этапа были сформированы 3 группы телят по принципу аналогов с учетом живой массы и состояния здоровья: контрольная и 2 опытные. 2–4-месячным телятам одной опытной группы добавляли 1 кг, другой опытной группы – 2 кг гранулированного калия карбоната на 1 тонну комбикорма. Телятам 4–6 месяцев – соответственно 2 кг и 4 кг на 1 тонну комбикорма. Установлено, что среднесуточный прирост живой массы 2–4-месячных телят был выше в опытных группах на 1,9 и 2,8% соответственно. Использование кормовой добавки телятам 4–6-месячного возраста, при норме внесения в комбикорм 2 кг и 4 кг на 1 тонну, увеличило среднесуточный прирост живой массы на 3,1 и 4,4% соответственно. Применение гранулированного калия карбоната в рационах телят оказало положительное влияние на биохимические показатели крови животных, активизировало белковый обмен и нормализовало его фракционный состав, повысило содержание кальция, фосфора и калия. Дополнительный доход от реализации молодняка в опытных группах разных возрастов по сравнению с контролем составил 86,25–122,5 и 164,44–228,88 руб. соответственно.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Grigor'ev, V.S., Samara State Agrarian Univ.

Radioactive elements from the soil, air, and water enter the honey plants: linden, sunflower, buckwheat, corn, and export. The concentration levels of radioactive elements were determined on a "Gamma-1P" gamma-spectrometer once a month in air during 2017-2018, and in soil and water from April to November, in honey plants in May - during the period of active juice excretion. Air sampling was carried out using a Typhoon air filter unit, the filter was ashed at 450 deg C. The concentration of radioactive elements Cs137и K40 in the Northern region was minimal and amounted to 0.007*10E-5±0,001 Bq/m3 and 0.24*10E-5±0.02 Bq/m3, respectively. The maximum concentration of Cs70 (8.68±0.76 Bq/l) was observed in water , the minimum (5.75±0.28 Bq/kg) in the soil . The presence of Be7 was detected only in air and it amounted to 68.04*10E-5 Bq/m3. In the territory of the Western region the minimum concentration of Cs137и K40 in the air was 0.098*10E-5±0.036 Bq/m3 and 3.27*10E-5±0.31 Bq/m3. Sr90 content in water is 9.67±0.81 Bq/l, in the soil - 8.83±1.74 Bq/kg. Be7 - 28973*10E-5±39.46 Bq/m3 and Na22 – 0.008*10E-5±0.001 Bq/m3 were detected only in air. The content of radioactive elements was maximal in the green mass of the export, and the lowest content of Cs137и Sr90 was revealed in buckwheat, the minimum concentration of K40 (1.02±0.19 Bq/kg) - in the green mass of linden . In honey plants cultivated on the territory of the Western region, an increased content of Cs137и K40 in the green mass of corn was revealed - 4.83±0.98 Bq/kg and 2.16±0.42 Bq/kg. The smallest Sr90 content was found in the green mass of sunflower - 6.52±0.72 Bq/kg, respectively. The minimum concentration of Th232 (11.62±5.09 Bq/kg) was detected in the green mass of corn. The revealed concentrations of radionuclides are within the radiation safety standards as in effect in the region. | Радиоактивные элементы из почвы, воздуха и воды поступают в медоносные растения: липу, подсолнечник, гречиху, кукурузу и эспарцет. Уровни концентрации радиоактивных элементов определяли на гамма-спектрометре "Гамма-1П" в воздухе один раз в месяц в течение 2017-2018гг, в почве и воде с апреля по ноябрь, в медоносных растениях в мае (в период активного соковыделения). Отбор проб воздуха проводили с помощью воздухофильтрующей установки "Тайфун", фильтр озоляли при t 450 град. С. Концентрация радиоактивных элементов Cs137 и K40 на территории Северного района была минимальной и составляла, соответственно, 0,007*10E-5±0,001 Бк/м3 и 0,24*10E-5±0,02 Бк/м3. Максимальная концентрация Cs70 (8,68±0,76 Бк/л) наблюдалась в воде, минимальная (5,75±0,28 Бк/кг) - в почве. Присутствие Be7 зарегистрировано только в воздухе, оно составляло 68,04*10E-5 Бк/м3. На территории Западного района минимальная концентрация Cs137 и K40 в воздухе составила 0,098*10E-5±0,036 Бк/м3 и 3,27*10E-5±0,31 Бк/м3. Содержания Sr90 в воде – 9,67±0,81 Бк/л, в почве – 8,83±1,74 Бк/кг. Be7 (28973*10E-5±39,46 Бк/м3) и Na22 (0,008*10E-5±0,001 Бк/м3) выявлены только в воздухе. Содержание радиоактивных элементов было максимальным в зеленой массе эспарцета; наименьшее содержание Cs137 и Sr90 выявлено в гречихе, минимальная концентрация K40 (1,02±0,19 Бк/кг) - в зеленой массе липы. В медоносных растениях, культивируемых на территории Западного района, выявлено повышенное содержание Cs137 и K40 в зеленой массе кукурузы – 4,83±0,98 Бк/кг и 2,16±0,42 Бк/кг. Наименьшее содержание Sr90 установлено в зеленой массе подсолнечника – 6,52±0,72 Бк/кг соответственно. Минимальная концентрация Th232 (11,62±5,09 Бк/кг) обнаружена в зеленой массе кукурузы на уровне. Выявленные концентрации радионуклидов находятся в пределах норм радиационной безопасности, действующих в регионе.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Sukhanovskij, Yu.P. | Prushchik, A.V. | Vytovtov, V.A. | Titov, A.G., Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center (Russian Federation

An experiment with the application of the method of sprinkling and a portable sprinkler is conducted. Three similar soil samples are prepared in metallic cylinders with a lateral weir. Three variants of rainwater with different content of biogenic substances: 1 – distilled water, 2 – distilled water + single rate of mineral fertilizers, 3 – distilled water + double rate of mineral fertilizers are prepared. Sprinkling of every soil sample is carried out. For chemical analysis surface runoff from the soil is taken (1.3 l). The content of biogenic elements (NH4, NO3, K2O, P2O5) in the rainwater, the runoff water and in the soil is determined. The cases when the concentration of biogenic elements in the runoff water was: 1) more than in the rainwater (biogenic supplies in the soil de-creased); 2) less than in the rainwater (biogenic supplies in the soil increased) are considered. Errors are analyzed. A conclusion is drawn: the increase of biogenic element content in rainwater resulted in the transition from the increase to the decrease of its content in the water running off the soil surface. | Проведен эксперимент с использованием метода дождевания и портативной дождевальной установки. Подготовлены 3 одинаковых почвенных образца в металлических цилиндрах, имеющих боковой водослив. Подготовлены 3 варианта дождевой воды с разным содержанием биогенных элементов: 1 – дистиллят, 2 – дистиллят + 1 доза минеральных удобрений, 3 – дистиллят + 2 дозы минеральных удобрений. Проведено орошение каждого почвенного образца. Для химического анализа взят поверхностный сток с почвы (1,3 дм3). Определено содержание биогенных элементов (NH4, NO3, K2O, P2O5) в дождевой и в стекающей воде, а также в почве. Рассмотрены случаи, когда концентрация биогенного элемента в стекающей воде была: 1) больше, чем в дожде (его запасы в почве уменьшились); 2) меньше, чем в дожде (его запасы в почве увеличились). Проведен анализ погрешностей. Сделан вывод: увеличение в дождевой воде концентрации биогенного элемента привело к переходу от увеличения к уменьшению его концентрации в воде, стекающей с поверхности почвы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Ревтье-Уварова, А.

In a long field stationary experiment on typical black soil of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the effect of the fertilizer system on agrochemical indicators was studied. The quantitative parameters of the qualitative changes of these indicators are determined for the mineral, organo-mineral and organic fertilizer systems. It was found that the parameters of agrochemical indicators change to a greater extent in time than from the implemented fertilizer system. For a 28-year period of research, sharp fluctuations in the exchange acidity have not been established, although there is a tendency to a decrease in pHKCl with an increase in the rate of mineral fertilizers. The degree of saturation of the bases remains at a very high level - 94.5–98.3%, where exchangeable calcium prevails in the structure of absorbed bases — more than 325.4 mg/kg of soil. The systematic application of fertilizers contributes to a significant increase in the content of metabolic potassium to 8.7 mg/kg of soil, the content of mobile phosphorus to 292.8 mg/kg of soil and mobile potassium to 263.5 mg/kg of soil with an organomineral fertilizer system.

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Technical University of Moldova - Republic of Moldova

2019

Индоиту, Д.

The dynamics of plant-available phosphorus, potassium and nitrate nitrogen in calcareous chernozem in the 1953-2019 period was studied. The research was conducted in a long-term experiment with various fertilizer systems. The nutrient content was studied in a layer 0-60 cm during cultivation of winter wheat. It was revealed that the systematic use of fertilizers for 32 years can increase the content of plant-available phosphorus several times and potassium about one and a half times in comparison with its initial content. The subsequent use of low doses of mineral fertilizers, together with the embedding into the soil of all plant residues and by-products, makes it possible to slow down the decrease in plantavailable phosphorus and potassium in calcareous chernozem. The content of nitrate nitrogen varied during the research depending on the doses of fertilizers used and the vegetation period of winter wheat.

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Technical University of Moldova - Republic of Moldova

2019

Iurii Debryniuk | Svitlana Raspopina

There is a close interaction between plantations of different composition and soil fertility which can be adjusted by changing the species involved in the stand composition. The issue is particularly relevant from the point of view of the introduction of plantation forests in place of low-yield forest stands. Therefore, the study of changes in soil fertility indicators in the system: plantation stands → soil → primary forest stand is an extremely important factor in ensuring high productivity and biotic stability of forest phytocoenoses.The investigated dark-grey podzolized soils on loess loams are characterized by high forest growth potential, the result of which is the formation of pure and mixed stands of larch and spruce of high site classes – from I to Ic. At the same time, the values of soil fertility indicators (humus content and NPK mobile compounds) under these stands are different.The humus content in the soils under plantations with the participation of spruce varies from 0.32 to 4.52% and averages 1.80%, which is lower than those under larch plantations – 0.32-9.32% and 2.17 %, respectively.The composition of plantations affects the content of all the studied nutrients in the soil. The average content of lightly hydrolyzed nitrogen in soils under plantations with spruce is lower (5.68 mg / 100 g of soil) than with the participation of larch (7.10 mg / 100 g of soil) and drops down the profile more amplitude-like. Thus, its content in the horizon He is 9.63, in HI – 4.87, in I – 2.52 mg / 100 g of soil; under the stands involving larch, these values are 10.41, 6.51 and 4.24 mg / 100 g of soil, respectively.The average content of mobile phosphorus compounds in both types of the plantations was quite similar – 5.93 (with the participation of spruce) and 5.80 mg / 100 g of soil (with the participation of larch). However, in the I-horizon under pure and mixed larch cultures, it is significantly higher in the stands with the participation of spruce – 7.70 vs 2.64 mg / 100 g of soil, which contributes to increasing the site class of larch stands to Ib-Ic classes.The nature of exchangeable potassium distribution in the soil profile is fundamentally different. Thus, under the plantations with the participation of larch its highest content (9.50 mg / 100 g of soil) was recorded in the He-horizon, whereas with the participation of spruce – in the I-horizon (11.85 mg / 100 g of soil), which indicates fairly intense process of acid hydrolysis in soils under the influence of spruce litter. At the same time, its average profile content in the soils under the study cultures is similar - 8.90 in cultures with larch and 9.17 mg / 100 g of soil – with spruce.On the whole, pure spruce and larch plantations under conditions of fresh and moist fertile site types of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine do not adversely affect the fertility indicators of the dark-grey podzolized soil. However, the more favorable nutritional properties of soils are formed under plantations involving larch, which, in turn, provides a high level of their productivity, which must be taken into account when designing the composition of plantation-like stands.

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