AGRIS - 

2012

Lukina, S.I. | Alekhina, N.N. | Zhuravlev, A.A., Voronezh State Univ. of Engineering Technologies

Oatmeal cookies (OC) as to the content of main food components do not meet the requirement of rational nutrition. To improve the food value thereof, it is advisable to use bioactivated wheat grain (BWG) instead of top-grade wheat flour. In the process of bioactivating the grain (swelling in water for 20-24 h and germination for 10-12 h) the content of micronutrients increases 2-4 times, the sum of essential amino acids – 1, 2 times. Preliminary grinding BWG was brought at the dosage of 25-100% to the weight of dry matters of wheat flour according to the OC recipe. In order to reduce the sugar capacity of products, substitution of sugar by fructose with reference to the sweetness coefficient 1.73 was provided. Physicochemical parameters of the quality of finished OC were improved by adding 25-75% BWG: water absorption increased by 36%, the specific volume by 30%, density decreased by 14%, the sweetness was evidently lowered. The complete substitution of flour by BWG resulted in worsening in the quality parameters: OC poorly held shape, crumbled. To make an intermediate product with the required viscous plastic properties, it is proposed to use dry wheat gluten in an amount of 7%. On the basis of experimental study a new product is proposed – OC Schedroye. Compared to the control in OC Schedroye the content of protein increased by 35%, dietary fibers – twice, vitamins and minerals 2-4 times. The degree of supplying a daily need for minerals 100 g OC is: in magnesium – 18%, phosphorus – 15%, iron – 16%, vitamins: B1 – 25%, E – 12%. The ratio of proteins, fats and hydrocarbons is corrected instead of 1:3:14 (control) to have 1:2:8.5 (OC Schedroye). The biological value (60%) grew by 8%, caloric value (1667 kJ/100 g) lowered by 170 kJ. | Овсяное печенье (ОП), характеризуется высокой энергетической ценностью, по содержанию основных пищевых компонентов не соответствует требованиям рационального питания и нуждается в корректировке состава. Для повышения его пищевой ценности целесообразно применение биоактивированного зерна пшеницы (БЗП) взамен муки пшеничной высшего сорта. В процессе биоактивации зерна (набухание в воде в течение 20-24 ч и проращивание в течение 10-12 ч) содержание микронутриентов увеличивается в 2-4 раза, сумма незаменимых аминокислот – в 1,2 раза. Предварительно измельченное БЗП вносили в дозировке 25-100% к массе сухих в-в пшеничной муки по рецептуре ОП. С целью снижения сахароемкости изделий предусматривали замену сахара на фруктозу с учетом коэффициента сладости 1,73. Физико-химические показатели качества готового ОП с внесением 25-75% БЗП улучшались: намокаемость возрастала на 36%, удельный объем – на 30%, плотность уменьшалась на 14% , заметно снижалась сладость. Полная замена муки на БЗП приводила к ухудшению показателей качества – ОП плохо сохраняло форму, крошилось. Для получения полуфабриката с требуемыми вязко-пластичными свойствами предложено использовать сухую пшеничную клейковину в количестве 7%. На основании экспериментальных исследований предложено новое изделие – ОП "Щедрое". По сравнению с контролем в ОП "Щедрое" увеличено содержание белка на 35%, пищевых волокон в 2 раза, витаминов и минеральных в-в в 2-4 раза. Степень удовлетворения суточной потребности в минеральных в-вах 100 г ОП составляет: в магнии – 18%, фосфоре – 15%, железе – 16%; витаминах: B_1 – 25%, E – 12%. Скорректировано соотношение белков, жиров и углеводов с 1:3:14 (контроль) до 1:2:8,5 (ОП "Щедрое"). Биологическая ценность (60%) повышена на 8%, энергетическая ценность (1667 кДж/100 г) снижена на 170 кДж.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Logunova, L. | Ponomareva, E. | Alekhina, N., Voronezh State Univ. of Engineering Technologies

Seven methods of rye grain (RG) preparation were compared: (1), (2) – RG of cultivars Saftcorn respectively without treatment and steeped in water during 2 h; (3-7) – RG of cultivars Avangard: (3) - swelled up 36 h; (4) – swelled up 48 h; (5) – swelled up 48 ч and sprouted 12 h; (6) – swelled up 72 h; (7) – swelled up 72 h and sprouted 12 h. RG on a method (2) was steeped in water at t 80-90 deg C at a hydromodulus 1:2; on methods (3-7) – in water at t 20 +-2 deg C at a hydromodulus 1:3. RG Saftcorn and Avangard are brought by the kneading in a dosing 25 and 37 % to a flour mass respectively. Ratio of rye peeled flour and wheat flour of 1st sort by kneading is 60:40. A semi-finished product containing RG Avangard was prepared on fluid leaven with brewing. Dough volume at entering RG (2) for 2 h of fermentations was above, than at all other semi-manufactured products and made 125 ml. The dough prepared with RG (7) had the least volume (by 32%). With expansion of RG preparation duration the dough volume decreases. Acidity for 2 h of fermentation in the dough with RG (4) made 7.8 degrees, and acidity reached the same value for 85 minutes in a semi-manufactured product with RG (7). The minimal acidity (7.3 degrees) after 2 h of fermentation was observed in the dough with RG (3) and it was less by 16% than in a semi-manufactured product with RG (7). The least specific volume (204.6 ml/100 g) was of bread with RG (7), the greatest (241.2 ml/100 g) – of product with RG (2). RG (2) had the least ultimate strength, this index for RG (4) was more by 9.5%. It is resumed that RG swelling longer as 48 h is unreasonable. Bread containing RG Saftcorn has clear advantages. | Исследовали 7 способов подготовки зерна ржи (ЗР): (1), (2) – ЗР сорта Сафткорн соответственно без подготовки и выдержанное в воде в течение 2 ч; (3-7) – ЗР сорта Авангард: (3) - набухавшее 36 ч; (4) – набухавшее 48 ч; (5) – набухавшее 48 ч и прораставшее 12 ч; (6) – набухавшее 72 ч; (7) – набухавшее 72 ч и прораставшее 12 ч. ЗР по способу (2) выдерживали в воде t 80-90 град. C при гидромодуле 1:2; по способам (3-7) – в воде t 20+-2 град. C при гидромодуле 1:3. ЗР Сафткорн и Авангард вносили при замесе теста в дозировке соответственно 25 и 37% к массе муки. Тесто замешивали при соотношении ржаной обдирной и пшеничной муки 1-го сорта 60:40. Полуфабрикат с ЗР Авангард готовили на жидкой закваске с заваркой. Объем теста при внесении ЗР (2) за 2 ч брожения был выше, чем у всех остальных полуфабрикатов и составлял 125 мл. Наименьший объем (на 32%) имело тесто, приготовленное с ЗР (7). Установлено, что с увеличением продолжительности подготовки ЗР объем теста уменьшается. В тесте с ЗР (4) кислотность за 2 ч брожения составляла 7,8 град., а в полуфабрикате с ЗР (7) кислотность достигала этого же значения за 85 мин. Минимальная кислотность (7,3 град.) спустя 2 ч брожения наблюдалась в тесте с ЗР (3) и была меньше на 16%, чем в полуфабрикате с ЗР (7). Оценка качества изделий показала, что наименьшим удельным объемом (204,6 мл/100 г) обладал хлеб с ЗР (7), наибольшим (241,2 мл/100 г) – изделие с ЗР (2). Наименьший предел прочности имело ЗР (2), показатель для ЗР (4) был на 9,5% больше. Сделан вывод, что набухание ЗР свыше 48 ч проводить нецелесообразно. Хлеб с ЗР сорта Сафткорн имеет явные преимущества.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Alekhina, N.N. | Ponomareva, E.I. | Logunova, L.V., Voronezh State Univ. of Engineering Technologies

In the technology of grain bread before entering into the paste grain had be soaked in water, sometimes containing growth stimulants. Cleaned rye have been kept at t 20 deg C in water (control) and in the gibberellic acid (GA) solution of 0,01% concentration from native grain mass (hydromodulus 1:3). Rye was entered into GA solution after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h of soaking in water. Rye entered into GA after 6 h from swelling start had maximal moisture content and mass after 48 h swelling – 51.0 and 44.2% relatively, that by 6.7 and 4.8% more than in control. The same rye was characterized by minimal breaking point (BP) – 280 kPa, that by 14.3% less than in control. BP of whole rye was evaluated in dependence on pretreatment method: 1 (control) – rye Softcorn kept 2 h in water at t 80-90 deg C; 2 – rye Avangard swelling 30 h in GA entered into solution after 6 h from swelling start; rye Avangard kept 48 h in water. BP of crumb and crust when rye was pretreated by 2th method was more by 8.2 and 6.6% relatively as compared to method 1 and less by 10.7 and 8.1% relatively as compared to method 3. Using of GA allows to intensify rye preparation and to shorten it by 18 h. | В технологии зернового хлеба перед внесением в тесто зерно замачивают в воде. В целях сокращения длительности подготовки, снижения потерь ценных в-в и улучшения качества зерна применяют стимуляторы роста. Зерно ржи (ЗР), очищенное от примесей, выдерживали 48 ч при 20 град. C в воде (контроль) и в р-ре гиббереллиновой кислоты (ГК) концентрацией 0,01% к массе нативного зерна (гидромодуль 1:3). В р-р ГК ЗР вносили после 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 и 36 ч выдерживания в воде. Установлено, что наибольшая влажность и масса через 48 ч набухания наблюдалась в ЗР, внесенном в р-р ГК через 6 ч от начала набухания – 51,0 и 44,2% соответственно, что на 6,7 и 4,8% выше, чем в контроле. Минимальным пределом прочности (ПП) обладало ЗР через 48 ч выдержки в р-ре ГК, внесенное через 6 ч после начала набухания – 280 кПа, что на 14,3% меньше, чем в контроле. Оценивали ПП цельного ЗР в хлебобулочных изделиях в зависимости от способа подготовки: 1 (контроль) – ЗР сорта Сафткорн, выдержанное 2 ч в воде t 80-90 град. C; 2 – ЗР сорта Авангард, набухавшее 30 ч в р-ре ГК, внесенное через 6 ч от начала набухания; 3 – ЗР сорта Авангард, выдержанное в воде 48 ч. Оценка качества готовых изделий показала, что в мякише и корке ПП ЗР, подготовленного по способу 2, был больше на 8,2 и 6,6% соответственно по сравнению с вариантом 1 и меньше на 10,7 и 8,1% соответственно в сравнении с вариантом 3. Применение ГК позволяет интенсифицировать процесс подготовки ЗР, сократив его на 18 ч.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Lin', N.T.T. | Mitroshina, O.V. | Pyl'nev,V.V. | Rubets, V.S.

Triticale is the most sensitive variety among cereals to preharvest germination of grain in a spike. Results of a two-year research into winter triticale varieties collection at the selection and seed farming department are provided in the article. It has beeen discovered that varieties with a high indicator "falling number" not always have a low number of the grains which have sprouted under direct provocation and in versa. All this depends on both the condition of carbohydrate amylase complex of grain and responsiveness of a variety to germination provocation.Weather conditions during grain formation greatly influence stability of varieties to germination of spike. Temperature condition influence on triticale grains stability to germination under direct provocation, in Petri dish is studied. Provocation of newly harvested triticale grain to germination can be realized at wide temperature range (from 18-34 deg C), in the course of 48 hours. | Тритикале является самой чувствительной культурой среди зерновых к предуборочному прорастанию зерна в колосе. В данной работе приведены результаты двухлетнего изучения коллекции сортов озимой тритикале на кафедре селекции и семеноводства полевых культур. Показано, что сорта с высоким числом падения не всегда имеют низкое число проросших при прямой провокации зерен и наоборот. Все зависит от самого состояния углеводно-амилазного комплекса зерна и отзывчивости сорта на провоцирование прорастания. Погодные условия во время формирования зерна значительно влияют на устойчивость к прорастанию. Влияние температуры при прямой провокации зерен изучали используя чашки Петри. Провокацию свежеубранного зерна тритикале к прорастанию можно проводить при большом диапазоне температур (18—34 град. С) в течение 48 ч

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Krylova, E.G. | Vasil'eva, N.V., Russian Academy of Sciences, Yaroslavl Region (Russian Federation). The I. D. Papanin Inst. of Biology of Inland Waters

The effect of different nickel sulfate concentrations (0.1—50 mg/1) on seed germination and early stages of seedling development of plants from moist habitat' (Bidens tripartita L., B. cernua L. and B. frondosa L.) was studied. Germination о В. tripartita seeds was resistant to nickel sulfate in the whole range of concentrati ons. The reliable decrease of laboratory germination of B. frondosa and B. cernua seed was registered under 10—50 mg/1 of nickel sulfate; seeds of B. cernua wen the most sensitive. The effect of nickel sulfate on the root system of seedlings wa: the most damaging in all studied species. Aboveground parts of seedlings were les: responsive to elevated concentrations of nickel in the environment. Studied specie are arranged in a descending series by resistance to nickel sulfate: B. tripartita ; B. frondosa B. cernua | Изучено влияние сульфата никеля (0.1—50 мг/л) на прорастание семянок и начальные этапы развития проростков растений влажных местообитаний: череды трехраздельной Bidens tripartita L., череды поникшей В. cernua L. и череды облиственной В. frondosa L. Прорастание семянок В. tripartita устойчиво к действию растворов сульфата никеля во всем указанном интервале концентраций. При концентрациях никеля 10—50 мг/л отмечено достоверное снижение лабораторной всхожести семянок B. frondosa и В. cernua, причем наибольшей чувствительностью обладают семянки последнего вида. Максимальное токсическое действие сульфат никеля оказывает на корневую систему проростков всех исследуемых видов. Надземная часть проростков в меньшей степени реагирует на повышенные концентрации никеля в среде. По устойчивости к действию сульфата никеля исследуемые виды располагаются в следующем убывающем ряду: В. tripartita В. frondosa B. cernua

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Stepanova, L.P | Khripkova, N.A. | Stepanova, E.I. | Shamaraeva, V.S., Orel State Argarian Univ.

In field small plot experiments an effect of treating seeds or foliar dressing of plants with potassium humate in pure form or added with a zeolite suspension on yields of the Molva buckwheat variety and intensity of absorbing cesium 137 was studied when growing on gray mean loamy forest soils with radioactive contamination. Under the seed treatment, the maximum grain yield was observed in variant with potassium humate. Adding zeolite to a potassium humate solution reduced buckwheat yields. The specific activity of cesium 137 in straw noticeably increased when the concentration of potassium humate in seed treatment throughout the investigation years, and adding zeolite enhanced the negative effect of potassium humate. The potassium humate seed treatment generally positively influenced the decrease in the specific activity of cesium 137 and promoted reducing the accumulation coefficient of radiocesium in grain by 2-2.5 times. Foliar dressing promoted the yield growth in all variants but the most effectively – when potassium humate treating. Potassium humate dressing promoted absorption and accumulation of cesium 137 in organic mass, but adding zeolite promoted reducing the content of cesium 137 in grain. There was observed a clear tendency for reducing radionuclide in grain and in straw for 2 of 3 study years. It is concluded that it is possible optimize and reach the desired level of synergism of the factors studied

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Rogozhin, V.V. | Rogozhina, T.V. | Kurilyuk, T.T., Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy

The method of preservation of grains of wheat with use of various concentration of glycerin is developed. It is shown that time of treatment influence on grain germinability and an average length of seedlings. It is shown, that solutions of glycerin with concentration above 35% possess the expressed preserving effect. Use of glycerin has allowed to provide safety of grains of wheat within 1.5-2.0 years. Start moisture of grains is 45-50%. Unique physical properties of glycerin allow to introduce a method of repeated use of preservative, without fear of its significant losses of weight of substance during long application. The introduced method can be widely used in an agriculture

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Mironova, L.N. | Zajnetdinova, G.S., Russian Academy of Sciences. Ufa Science Centre (Russian Federation). Botanical Garden-Inst.

In 1996-2005 introduction of Iris pseudacorus L. into the Republic Bashkortostan was studied. This species is considered in Bashkortostan as rare and vulnerable one, it is recorded in Red Book. The plants were introduced in the Ufa Botanical Garden. They started growing in spring in the 3 decade of April. After 29-42 days the stage of flowering began. The one of a population lasted 16-23 days, the one of a flower did 2 days. Iris growth slowed up to the 3 decade of August and their rootstocks started to divide intensively and new vegetative shoots formed. Iris ornamental properties were estimated by 87 points (100-point scale).A coefficient of vegetative propagation was 4.2 after a year of vegetation and it was 6.6 after 2 years; seed productivity was 71.4+-7.5 seeds. Germinability (GR) was 5-8% at the outdoor sowing in autumn. The seeds were treated by 0.05% water solution of indolebutyric acid (IBA) or the synthetic growth regulator Fiton that allowed to increase laboratory GR up to 20 and 45% respectively. If a part of endosperm from the raphe was removed GR was 48%, but the method was admitted to be too laborious. Filed GR increased significantly after the seed treatment by the preparations Krezatsin (0.01%), Fehtil (0.0005%), heteroauksin (0.01%), Fiton (0.01%). It was recommended to cultivate and to propagate iris plants in vitro on semisolid nutrient mediums containing 6-BAP (0.2 milligram/l) and naphthylacetic acid (0.1mg/l). Explants could be introduced into culture during a whole vegetation period. Root forming up to 100% was observed after regenerate treatment by indoleacetic acid. IBA inhibited rhizogenesis completely being added to the medium. The plant downfall did not exceed 3-5% after their transplanting into vermiculite and then for outdoor growing.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Lukatkin, A.S. | Ovchinnikova, O.V., The N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State Univ., Saransk

A positive effect of the preparation Cytodef on the growth and cold resistance of thermophilic plants of cucumber and maize was revealed in vegetative experiments. Cytodef was developed by the Institute of Chemical Weed and Pest Killers. The preparation treatment of cucumber and maize seeds showed a cytokinin activity at different concentrations, which was manifested in an increase in germinating capacity, an enhancement of root and shoot growth, and a decrease in chilling injury both at optimum and lowered temperatures. At lowered temperature the efficiency of Cytodef was higher. It is concluded that Cytodef can be recommended for the treatment of cucumber and maize seeds in order to increase the germinating power and to enhance the plant growth in conditions of a lowered temperature

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Babosha, A.V. | Ryabchienko, A.S. | Avetisyan, T.V., Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). The N.V. Tsitsin Central Botanical Garden

Using methods of light and electron scanning microscopy, development and infection structures differentiation of the causal organism of wheat powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. Tritici March., was investigated under influence of exogenous zeatin. It has been shown for the first time that physiologically active materials, in particular, cytokinin type phytohormons affect on the dimensions of halo revealed at the site of pathogen penetration by cytochemical staining. Treatment with zeatin influenced conidia germination and pathogen growth at the ectophytic stage. Dose response dependence of zeatin for number of mature colonies of pathogen (6 days after an infection) has been presented by multiphase curve with two maxima (1 and 3 micro mol) and minimum (1.5 micro mol). Similar curves have been received for the number of normal appressoria and the diameters of the large halo that possibly shows the existence of factors affecting both parameters, and the final number of pathogen colonies, as well. The obtained data demonstrate that multiphase dose response curve for development of the causal organism of powdery mildew under effect of cytokinins is originated from the factors acting at early stages of pathogenesis

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation