AGRIS - 

2014

Gurskaya,S.N. | Lukashevich,E.V.

The researches of winter rape have been conducted in the climatic conditions of the Grodno region on sod-podzol sandy soil. It was studied the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer CAM, doses and the terms of its applying and regulator of growth hidrohumat. Winter rape Leader forms maximal productivity of oilseeds (30,6 c/ha) at applying of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of CAM in three terms: 100 kg/ha at the beginning of renewing of spring vegetation of plants + 50 kg/ha at phase of the beginning of a budding + 30 kg/ha at phase of full budding in combination with regulator of growth hidrohumat. The growth regulator hidrohumat has provided authentic increase of productivity (2,5 c/hectares) in comparison with the fifth variant where the growth regulator was not used on the average for two years of researches. Application of growth regulator hidrohumat promoted increasing the fat content in the winter rape seeds on 1.21%. Influence of growth regulators on the protein content in the seeds of winter rape has not been identified. Application of nitrogen fertilizer together with a studied growth regulator promoted growth of pods quantity on one plant, seeds in one pod and weight of 1000 seeds from 1st plant. | В климатических условиях Гродненской области на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве проведены исследования на озимом рапсе. Изучали эффективность применения азотного удобрения КАС, доз и сроков его внесения и регулятора роста гидрогумата. В среднем за два года исследований максимальную урожайность маслосемян (30,6 ц/га) озимый рапс сорта Лидер формирует при внесении азота в форме КАС в подкормку в три срока: 100 кг/га в начале возобновления весенней вегетации растений, + 50 кг/га в фазу начала бутонизации, + 30 кг/га в фазу полной бутонизации в сочетании с изучаемым регулятором роста гидрогуматом. В среднем за два года исследований регулятор роста гидрогумат обеспечил достоверную прибавку урожайности (2,5 ц/га) по сравнению с пятым вариантом, где регулятор роста не применялся. Применение регулятора роста гидрогумата способствовало повышению содержания жира в семенах озимого рапса на 1,21%. Влияние регуляторов роста на содержание белка в семенах озимого рапса выявлено не было. Применение азотного удобрения совместно с изучаемым регулятором роста способствовало росту количества стручков на одном растении, семян в одном стручке и массе 1000 семян с 1-го растения.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Apresyan,O.G.

In a course of the research there was studied the effect of soil cultivation techniques, preceding crop straw and nitrogen fertilizers on winter rape oilseed yield. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. As a result of realized research it was revealed that the nitrogen dose of N100+100 provided the highest yield irrespective of the basic soil cultivation techniques. At the same level of nitrogen nutrition but when the straw was removed from the field and ploughing was replaced by chiseling or disking, the yield was decreased by 1.6 and 4.3%, respectively. When the straw was used as fertilize these parameters were 3.1 and 5.0%. At using straw as a fertilizer, winter rape yield increase did not exceed 4.3% and was the highest one at rape growing after ploughing against the background of N100+100.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Skirukha,A.Ch. | Bulavina,T.M. | Bulavin,L.A. | Bobrik,I.E. | Leonov,F.N.

In a course of the research there was studied the dependence of winter triticale grain yield on preceding crops. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. As a result of realized research it was revealed that by the response to the preceding crops, winter triticale was closer to wheat than to rye. Its cultivation after the unfavourable preceding crops was not compensated by the application of pesticides and the higher doses of nitrogen fertilizers. Preceding winter triticale crop in the rotation had a significant impact not only on the level of grain yield, but also its quality. Accommodation triticale after legumes precursors increased grain protein content in relative terms 7.5-12.5%, and essential amino acids - by 7.1-8.7% compared with grain predecessors.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Bulavina,T.M.

В статье представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния возрастающих доз азота и микроудобрений Эколист Зерновые и Фитовитал на урожайность зерна и экономическую эффективность возделывания ярового тритикале. Отечественный препарат Фитовитал (0,6 л/га) не уступал по влиянию на урожайность зерна ярового тритикале зарубежному комплексному микроудобрению Эколист Зерновые (2,0 л/га), что имеет важное значение с точки зрения импортозамещения. | In course of the research there were studied the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and micronutrients Ekolist Mikro Z and Fitovital on grain yield and economic efficiency of spring triticale cultivation. As a result of realized research there were revealed that Ekolist Mikro Z and Fitovital provided almost the same effect which was very important from the point of view of import substitution. Fitovital domestic product (0.6 l/ha) was not inferior to the effect on grain yield of spring triticale to foreign complex microfertilizers Ekolist Cereal (2.0 l/ha), which was important from the point of view of import substitution. The use of these drugs in the current weather conditions provided for background N80 + 40 about the same effect on grain yield of this crop, as well as the introduction of an additional 20 kg/ha of a.i. of nitrogen. The greatest economic benefit in the cultivation of spring triticale obtained using a nitrogen dose of N80 + 60, and the application of micronutrients Ekolist Cereal or Fitovital. Net income in this case was 3435.08-3436.28 thousand. bel.rub./ha, and profitability - 52.8-53.0%, which was in 1.70-1.85 times more than in the cultivation of this crop in the application N80+20 without using micronutrients.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Pirahouskaya,G.V. | Myslivets,D.G. | Pochytskaya,I.M.

В статье приводятся данные по влиянию комплексных удобрений с микроэлементами (хлорсодержащих и бесхлорных) и азотно-серосодержащих удобрений на фоне РК и капельного орошения на качественные показатели (каротин, витамин С, растворимые сахара, органические кислоты и пектиновые вещества) корнеплодов моркови при ранних и поздних сроках уборки. Установлено, что применение вышеуказанных агротехнических приемов при возделывании моркови положительно сказывается на улучшении качества корнеплодов при разных сроках уборки. | In course of the research there was studied the effect of irrigation and complex fertilizers with microcells (with chlorine and without chlorine) and NS-containing fertilizers on quality of carrots (Daucus carota) (carotene, vitamin C, soluble sugars, organic acids, pectin) of different terms of harvesting. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2011-2013. As a result of realized research there were revealed that these receptions had influence positively on improvement of carrot quality. Entering of chlorine-containing fertilizers NPK complex with S, B, Cu, including its slow-operating forms at doses N70P50K95, N90P64K122 and N110P78K149 provided at the early stages of harvesting carrots carotene content in the roots at the level of 5.8-7.3 mg/100 g of vitamin C - 2.1-2.6 mg/100 g of soluble sugars – 7.3-8.7%, pectin - 0.7-0.8%, at later stages of harvesting - carotene content level 8.9-10.8 mg/100 g of vitamin C – 4.3-5.4 mg/100 g of soluble sugars – 7.4-8.5%, pectin – 0.8-1.0.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Shchetko,A.I. | Rybak,A.R.

При возделывании ячменя на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве оптимальной системой удобрения является применение N60+60P30K120 (азотные удобрения вносили в два приема: N60 – под культивацию, N60 – в фазе 2–3 листьев) на фоне последействия 50 т/га органических удобрений. Данная система удобрения обеспечила максимальную в опыте урожайность зерна 43,8 ц/га при содержании белка 12,0%. Удельный вынос основных элементов питания составил: азот – 20,5 кг/т, фосфор – 8,7 кг/т, калий – 22,8 кг/т. | In course of the research there was studied the effectiveness of the use of fertilizers in the cultivation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The long-term stationary experiment was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus on the experimental field of RUE ‘Grodno Zonal Institute of Plant Growing’ on a background of the aftereffect of 50 t/ha of manure to ensure maximum removal of total phosphorus - 41 kg/ha. As a result of realized research there was revealed that optimum fertilizer system of barley cultivated on sod-podzolic loamy sand soil was the application of N6CH60P30K120 (nitrogen fertilizers were applied in two steps: N60 - cultivation N60 - in the phase of 2-3 leaves) on the background of the aftereffects of 50 t/ha of organic fertilizers. This fertilizer system provided the maximum grain yield to 43.8 c/ha at the protein content of 12.0%. Specific removal of the main nutrients formed: nitrogen – 20.5 kg/t, phosphorus – 8.7 kg/t, potassium – 22.8 kg/t.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Tsybulko,N.N. | Zaitsev,A.A. | Semenenko,N.N.

In course of the research there was studied the effect of levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers of spring wheat (Triticum) in the intake of 137Cs in the grain on the anthropogenically transformed peat soil. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. As a result of realized research there was revealed that on anthropogenically transformed peat soils phosphate and potash fertilizers in rates of P60K80-120 decreased intake of 137Cs in grain by 20-30%. Application of K160 did not lead to a further substantial reduction in the transfer of radionuclides in products. Nitrogen fertilizers in rates of 60-90 kg/ha on the background P60K120 slightly (on 4-9%) increased intake of 137Cs in grain compared with phosphorus-potassium background, and sharing them with the introduction of the copper-containing fertilizer and plant growth regulators decreased radionuclide transfer factors. Without restrictions on 137Cs soil contamination density could be cultivated spring wheat fodder purposes. In years with normal moisture it was possible without restrictions to cultivate the culture and food purposes with a valid 137Cs content of 90 Bq/kg. At excessive moisture the limiting density of soil contamination for food grains was when making P60K120 and nitrogen rates of 60-120 kg/ha - 28-31 Ku/square km. Get food grains with 137Cs content of up to 60 Bq/kg in years with normal moisture content it was possible using N60P60K120, N90P60K120 and N120P60K120 densities and soil contamination, respectively 36, 33 and 29 Ku/square km. In years with abundant moisture cultivation culture was limited soil contamination, respectively 20, 19 and 18 Ku/square km. It was recommended in anthropogenically transformed peat soils under spring wheat fractional application of nitrogen fertilizer rate of 120 kg/ha in combination with copper-containing fertilizers and plant growth regulators, which provided an average grain yield of 42.8 q/ha. | На антропогенно-преобразованной торфяной почве установлено, что фосфорные и калийные удобрения в дозах Р60K80-120 уменьшают поступление 137Cs в зерно на 20-30%. Применение K160 не приводит к дальнейшему существенному снижению перехода радионуклида в продукцию. Азотные удобрения в дозах 60–90 кг/га на фоне Р60K120 незначительно (на 4-9%) увеличивают поступление 137Cs в зерно по сравнению с фосфорно-калийным фоном, а совместное внесение их с медьсодержащим удобрением и регуляторами роста растений снижают коэффициент перехода радионуклида. Без ограничений по плотности загрязнения почвы 137Cs можно возделывать яровую пшеницу на фуражные цели. В годы с нормальным увлажнением без ограничений возможно возделывать культуру и на пищевые цели с допустимым содержанием 137Cs 90 Бк/кг. При избыточной увлажненности предельная плотность загрязнения почвы для получения продовольственного зерна составляет при внесении Р60К120 и азота в дозах 60–120 кг/га – 28–31 Ки/км2. Получить продовольственное зерно с содержанием 137Cs до 60 Бк/кг в годы с нормальной увлажненностью возможно при применении N60Р60K120, N90Р60K120 и N120Р60K120 и плотностях загрязнения почвы соответственно 36, 33 и 29 Ки/км2. В годы с избыточным увлажнением возделывание культуры ограничено загрязнением почвы соответственно 20, 19 и 18 Ки/км2. Рекомендуется на антропогенно-преобразованных торфяных почвах под яровую пшеницу дробное применение азотных удобрений в дозе 120 кг/га в комплексе с медьсодержащими удобрениями и регуляторами роста растений, что обеспечивает урожайность зерна в среднем 42,8 ц/га.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Shostko,A.V.

Для сельского хозяйства вопрос увеличения производства кормов и улучшения их качества остается наиболее актуальным. В связи с этим изыскание путей удешевления кормов, увеличения объемов их производства и улучшения качества имеет большое научное и практическое значение. При недостатке средств в хозяйствах в первую очередь необходимо обратить внимание на культуры, которые при наименьших затратах дают высокую урожайность. Особого внимания в этом плане заслуживает новая кормовая культура – пайза, обладающая высоким потенциалом продуктивности. В то же время, отдельные элементы технологии возделывания ее требуют корректировки для конкретных почвенных и природно-экологических условий. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что при возделывании пайзы на зеленую массу в условиях Гродненской области на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве оптимальной дозой азота, обеспечивающей получение урожайности зеленой массы на уровне 394-421 ц/га при окупаемости 1 кг азота 81,1 кг продукции, является N90 на фосфорно-калийном фоне P40K70. При этом дробное внесение азотных удобрений не имеет преимуществ перед внесением полной дозы до посева. | The question of increasing of forage production and improvement of its quality remains most relevant for agriculture. Finding of ways of reduction of forage prices, increasing of forage production and improvement of its quality has a large scientific and practical value. At the lack of funds in economies it is necessary first of all to pay attention to cultures which at least expenses give a high productivity. The special attention here is given to Indian barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea). This new crop possesses high potential of the productivity. At the same time some elements of its cultivation technology require updating for specific soil and ecological conditions. As a result of the spent researches it is established, that at Indian barnyard millet cultivation for green mass in the conditions of the Grodno region on sod-podsolic sandy loam soil by the optimal dose of nitrogen providing the productivity of green mass at the level of 394-421 c/hectares at recoupment of 1 kg of nitrogen by 81,1 kg of production, is N90 on phosphorus-potassium background P40K70. Thus fractional entering of nitric fertilizers has no advantages before entering of a full dose before crops.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Vlasov,A.G. | Khaletsky,S.P.

In a course of the research there was studied the efficiency of the use of nitrogen fertilizers and Rex Duo fungicide in oat (Avena sativa) сultivation var. Lidiya. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2011-2013. As a result of realized research there was revealed that Rex Duo fungicide (0.61/ha) provides the highest effect a pre-sowing application of N90 as well as using N90 before sowing and additionally N30 in the phase of tillering. Grain yield at that was 67.1-69.7 c/h and net profit made up 950-965 thousand roubles per hectare. Split nitrogen application (N60 in pre-sowing cultivation and N30 in the phase of tillering did not have significant advantage as compared to single N90 application before sowing. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and crop protection from disease of oats in its structure and grain yield, production costs for the cultivation of oats, cost-effectiveness of the use of nitrogen fertilizers and crop protection oat var. Lydia of leaf diseases were presented.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Tsybulko,N.N. | Zaitsev,A.A. | Shashko,A.V.

In course of the research there were studied the efficiency of various doses and dates of mineral fertilizer application at cultivation of perennial legume-grasses on the anthropogenically transformed peat soil. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2012-2014 in a field experiment in Brest region. As a result of realized research there were revealed that when the content in it moving phosphorus 700-790 and potassium 620-800 mg/kg of soil optimal doses of phosphate and potash fertilizers for perennial legume-cereal grasses were P90K180. Increasing the dose of potassium to 240 kg/ha was not significantly increases productivity, but reduced the return on fertilizer yield increase. When the content of soil organic matter at the level of 50-55 % and mineral nitrogen 145-155 mg/kg of soil the most effective dose of nitrogen fertilizer is N60, providing on background P90K180 hay yield of 141.0 t/ha or 71.9 feed units, payback nitrogen and 27.5 und total (NPK) mineral fertilizer 10.9 fodder units. With increasing doses of nitrogen to 90 kg/ha of fertilizer efficiency was decreased. | На антропогенно-преобразованной торфяной почве при содержании в ней подвижных соединений фосфора 700–790 и калия 620–800 мг/кг почвы оптимальными дозами фосфорных и калийных удобрений под многолетние бобово-злаковые травы являются P90K180. Увеличение дозы калия до 240 кг/га не существенно увеличивает урожайность, однако приводит к снижению окупаемости удобрений прибавкой урожая. При содержании в почве органического вещества на уровне 50–55 % и минерального азота 145–155 мг/кг почвы наиболее эффективной дозой азотных удобрений является N60, обеспечивая на фоне P90K180 урожайность 141,0 ц/га сена или 71,9 к. ед., окупаемость азота 27,5 и полного (NPK) минерального удобрения 10,9 к. ед. При увеличении дозы азота до 90 кг/га эффективность удобрений снижается.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus