AGRIS - 

2012

D. N. Baleev | A. F. Buharov

The effect of temperature during seeds germination of some species of Umbelliferae vegetable crops has been studied. There is a different reaction of vegetable crops on the temperature factor: depending on crops and temperature, the number of days until the maximum rate of growth can varied from 7,6 to 22,8 days, and percentage of germinated seeds can varied from 7% to 88%. The effect of temperature on growth of seeds embryo has been studied in different crops. The «degree of underdevelopment of embryo» (DUE) characterized the morphological and anatomical features of embryo varied from 13 to 52%. The temperature coefficient (Q10) for the rate of germination of seeds of vegetable crops of Umbelliferae was 1,23 - 1,82.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2012

Fatykhov, I.Sh. | Islamova, Ch.М. | Ryabova, Т.N., Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

The results of the two-year study (2010-2011) on varietal reaction of oats seed Konkur to different sow depths are presented. Micro-field experiments were carried out on the sod-medium loamy soil in Udmurtia. It is founded that a relatively high seeds yield (148-163 gram per square meter) is provided by the depth of sowing of 3-5 cm. Sowing the seeds for a given depth contributed to the formation of productive plant density (328-361 pieces per square meter) and stems (386-431 pieces per square meter), and had a positive impact on the productivity of the inflorescence of oats. If we plated on the optimal depth (3-5 cm), comparing with sowing at a depth of 2, 6 and 7 cm, long panicles of oats were formed – 11.7-12.5 cm, with a lot of grain – 16.6-17,1 pcs. and weight of 0.38-0.43 g. | Представлены результаты двухлетних (2010-2011 гг.) исследований по изучению сортовой реакции овса посевного Конкур на разную глубину посева семян. Микрополевой опыт проводили на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве в условиях Удмуртии. Установлено, что относительно высокую урожайность семян (148-163) г/м2 обеспечивала глубина их посева на 3-5 см. Посев семян на данную глубину способствовала формированию густоты продуктивных растений – 328-361 шт./м2 и стеблей – 386-431 шт./м2, а также оказал положительное влияние на продуктивность соцветия овса. При посеве на оптимальную глубину в сравнении с посевом на глубину 2, 6 и 7 см, сформированы более длинные метелки овса-11,7-12,5 см, с большим количеством зерен – 16,6-17,1 шт. и их массой 0,38-0,43 г.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Baleev, D.N., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Vegetable Growing, Moscow Region (Russian Federation) | Bukharov, A.F.

In the article there are presented the results of the long-term researches seeking for development of science-based engineering calculation of the way of drying of fodder raw materials including humid herbs and fodder grain to ensure their safe and long storage by means of atmospheric air. Features and parameters of humid air as an agent of drying are described, scientific recommendations about usage of the chart of humid air to forecast a process of drying are given. The author presents the design procedure and criteria of the choice of the process equipment, including the analysis of a wide economic experience on conservation of humid fodder raw materials; foundation of principles of a choice of the process equipment, the integrated data on the size of equilibrium humidity of various fodder raw materials and terms of its safe storage. Practical recommendations about increase of the speed of drying to ensure safe storage of raw materials in the course of its processing are made. In the article the author draws the following conclusions: when drying humid fodder raw materials to provide procured forages of high quality and economy of power expenses it is necessary to consider both properties of herbal raw materials and features of the drying agent - humid atmospheric air; the size of moisture absorption of atmospheric air is defined by its moisture content at certain levels of temperature and relative humidity which in real-life environment makes up from 1 to several tens of grams in 1 kg of air; the duration of drying of humid herbs and fodder grain depends on parameters and speed of movement of atmospheric air through a layer of a dryable material and can reach 4-6 days and above. | Представлены результаты многолетних исследований, направленных на разработку научно - обоснованного инженерного расчета способа сушки кормового сырья, в том числе влажных трав и фуражного зерна для обеспечения их безопасного и длительного хранения с помощью атмосферного воздуха. Описаны свойства и параметры влажного воздуха как агента сушки, даны научные рекомендации по использованию диаграммы влажного воздуха для прогнозирования процесса сушки. Представлена методика расчетов и критерии по выбору технологического оборудования, включающая анализ широкого хозяйственного опыта по консервированию влажного кормового сырья; обоснование принципов выбора технологического оборудования, систематизированные данные о величине равновесной влажности различного кормового сырья и сроках безопасного его хранения. Даны практические рекомендации по увеличению скорости сушки для обеспечения безопасного хранения сырья в процессе его обработки. Сделаны выводы: при сушке влажного кормового сырья для обеспечения высокого качества заготавливаемых кормов и экономии энергетических затрат необходимо учитывать как свойства растительного сырья, так и параметры сушильного агента - влажного атмосферного воздуха; величина влагопоглощения атмосферного воздуха определяется его влагосодержанием при определенных значениях температуры и относительной влажности, которая в реальных условиях составляет от 1 до нескольких десятков грамм в 1 кг воздуха; продолжительность сушки влажных трав и фуражного зерна зависит от параметров и скорости движения атмосферного воздуха через слой высушиваемого материала и может достигать 4-6 сут и выше.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Krivchenkova, M.V. | Butova, S.N., Moscow State Univ. of Food Production

Studied were technologies if producing biologically active extracts containing flavonoids exhibiting an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiradical effect and properties of dyes from secondary food raw materials (grapes seeds and secondary corn process products – husk, inflorescences and vegetative part). Intensification of production consists in freezing or treating with hydrolytic enzymatic preparations. Grapes seeds preliminarily frozen at -18 degrees C were extracted with aqueous alcohol solutions having a concentration of 20% and 40% ethyl alcohol at room temperature for 1 h. An analysis of the concentration of phenol compounds testifies to that the extracts of grapes seeds after freezing excel the similar extracts from fresh grapes seeds especially at 40% concentration of the aqueous alcohol solution. To extract anthocyans from secondary corn process products, direct hydrolysis and hydrolysis of corn cakes produced after treatment with inorganic and organic extracting agents. Under direct hydrolysis the best yield of a dye is observed when using as a hydrolyzing agent multi-enzyme complexes of cell-free liquid Zigofabospora marxiana and Geotrichum candidum. The produced dyes exhibit resistance to freezing, boiling, light and chaining the pH. The exaction of dyes by using enzymatic preparations Pectofoetidin P10x, Celloviridin G20x, Pectinex Ultra and Pectinex 5X-L was carried out after treatment of secondary corn process products with inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, acid complex) and organic extracting agents (citric acid, sodium citrate, citric and citrate buffer). Hydrolysis was performed for 2 h at 85 degrees C. The best results were obtained by effecting Pectinex Ultra for 5 days at 40 degrees. Under sulfuric acid hydrolysis of corn inflorescences followed by fermetolysis with Celloviridin G20x and Pectofoetidin P20x the maximum yield of dyes was observed – 4.2%. It is recommended to use the produced extracting agents as BAA in production of cosmetic creams. | Исследовали технологии получения биологически активных экстрактов, содержащих флавоноиды, обладающие противовоспалительным, антимикробным, антирадикальным и антиоксидантным действием и свойствами красителей, из вторичного пищевого сырья (семена винограда (СВ) и вторичные продукты переработки кукурузы (ВППК) - лузга, соцветия и вегетативная часть). СВ, предварительно подвергнутые замораживанию при -18 град. C, экстрагировали водно-спиртовыми растворами с концентрацией 20% и 40% этилового спирта при комнатной температуре в течение 1 ч. Экстракты СВ после замораживания превосходят аналогичные экстракты из свежих СВ, особенно при 40%-ной концентрации водно-спиртового раствора (на 258 мг/дмЕ3).При непосредственном гидролизе лучший выход красителя наблюдается при использовании в качестве гидролизующего агента мультиэнзимных комплексов бесклеточной жидкости Zigofabospora marxiana и Geotrichum candidum. Полученные красители проявляют устойчивость к замораживанию, кипячению, свету и изменению pH. Выделение красителей с использованием ферментных препаратов Пектофоетидин П10х, Целловиридин Г20х, Пектинекс Ультра и Пектинекс 5X-L осуществляли после обработки ВППК неорганическими кислотами (соляная, серная, комплекс кислот) и органическими экстрагентами (лимонная кислота, цитрат натрия, лимоннокислый и цитратный буфер). Гидролиз проводили 2 ч при 85 град. C. Лучшие результаты получены при экстракции 0,1 Н серной кислотой. При выделении красителя из шрота лучшие результаты получены при действии Пектинекс Ультра в течение 5 сут при 40 град. C. При сернокислотном гидролизе соцветий кукурузы и последующем ферментолизе Целловиридином Г20х и Пектофоетидином П20х наблюдался максимальный выход красящих веществ – 4,2% с концентрацией фенольных соединений 0,3 г/л. По внешнему виду красители, полученные из ВППК, представляют собой прозрачные жидкости лимонного (лузга), темно-красного (соцветия) или оранжевого (вегетативная часть) цвета. Рекомендуется применение полученных экстрактов в качестве БАД при производстве косметических кремов

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Tagiltsev Yu.G. | Orlov A.M. | Gul L.P. | Kolesnikova R.D.

Испытано действие биологически активных веществ, полученных из отходов лесозаготовок (древесной зелени) дальневосточных хвойных пород, – при проращивании семян и выращивании сеянцев. Выявлено стимулирующее действие эмульсий эфирных масел и флорентинных вод ели аянской, лиственницы даурской, пихты белокорой и кедра корейского. Установлено, что еловая и лиственничная эмульсии, а также еловая и кедровая флорентинные воды оказывают стимулирующее действие на энергию прорастания, всхожесть семян, на рост и развитие сеянцев ели аянской и лиственницы даурской. | Stimulating activity of essential oils and distilats from wood residues of Picea ajanensis, Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis and Larix dahurica is tested. It is proved that ayan spruce and larch emulsion and fir and siberian pine distillate are sti-mulating a germination energy, germination percentage, growth of Picea ajanenses and Larix dahurica seedlings.

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Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute - Russian Federation

2012

Kritskij, M.N. | Chekel, E.I. | Borovik, A.A., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming

In course of the research there was studied the main parameters of cultivar formation characters of alfalfa variety model based on the study of collection material of different eco-geographical origin. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2003-2007 in selection crop rotation of the Research and Practical Centre of National Academy of Science of Belarus for Arable Farming in 2007-2011 on sod-podzolic, light loamy, moderately cultivated, moderately podzolic soil, moderately provided with mobile forms of phosphorous and exchange potassium. As a result of realized research it was revealed that seed production in the highest degree (r = 0.71-0.82) was associated with the number of beans per stem and the number of bunches per stem, and feed efficiency is significantly closely correlated with dry matter yield and plant height (r = 0.71-0.95). The main parameters of traits of alfalfa variety model with high feed and seed productivity for the conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Belarus and the sources for its implementation, allowing to increase seed productivity up to 11.7- 12.5 g/plant, herbage yield - up to 600-677 q/ha, and protein yield - up to 19-21 q/ha were proposed.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Urban, Еh.Р. | Gordej, S.I., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming

In course of the research there was studied hybrid rye (Secale cereale) breeding in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. As a result of joint researches of the Research and Practical Centre of National Academy of Science of Belarus for Arable Farming with the selection firm KWS LOCHOW (Germany) rye hybrid varieties LoBel-103, LoBel-203, LoBel-303, were created. The hybrids for a number of years exceeded the standard by 8.0-14.4 c/ha in nurseries of competitive test. The results of the State test of the rye hybrid varieties also shown higher crop yield of the hybrids in comparison with the standard. The organizational and methodological scheme was presented, and stages of seed growing of hybrid rye varieties were described: the support and reproduction of parental MS components, hybrid seed production, and the methodology of industrial sowing of hybrids. The prospects and possible volumes of F1 heterosis winter rye hybrids introduction in Belarus were described. Crop yield of hybrid variety Plisa in the State test of varieties of the Republic of Belarus (average for 2008-2010) was presented.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Gvozdov, A.P., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming | Vojnov, G.M. | Golovach, A.A., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Institute of System Studies in Agro - Industrial Complex | Pavlova, L.D. | Loboda, A.A., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming

In course of the research there was studied the effect of electromagnetic, magnetic and orgone fields on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed yield and yielding capacity. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in the Research and Practical Centre of National Academy of Science of Belarus for Arable Farming in 2011-2012. As a result of realized research it was revealed that application of microwave treatment on spring barley crops variety Mahutny in the phase of the beginning of stem elongation and on spring wheat crops variety Sabina in the phase of tillering made it possible to produce additionally 2.4 q/ha of seeds. Benefit of the introduction of the given method would make up 526.8 thousand Belarusian roubles per hectare. Application of the magnetic field, having intensity 15 mT, and orgone with low activity as for processing of seeds, and vegetative plants did not make it possible to increase authentically productivity and an exit of seeds of spring wheat and barley.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Kabanova, N.V. | Shipko, P.I., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Land Reclamation

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were realized studies for determination of the optimum seeding rate, dose and terms of mineral fertilizers and biologically active substances application and their effect on maximal possible seed yield of reed canary grass (Phalaroides arundinacea L.). As a result of studies there were determined variants which provided yielding capacity of reed canary grass seeds of high quality at the level of 2,82-3,37 centner/ha. Research results showed that doses of sowing of the crop seeds and terms of mineral fertilizer application did not render effect on field germination which was at a rather high level (72-75%) and varied in a minor way (1,2-2,3%). One the main methods which made it possible to obtain maximal seed yielding capacity of crops were the formation of the optimal planting density per sowing area. Analysis of total amount of sproutings (vegetative and generative ones) before harvesting showed that in average over two years of studies the total amount of sproutings and equity participation in grass stand structure of the generative sproutings increased on 16-49 pieces / square meter or 9,6-30,6% from the nitrogen dressings.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Alekseeva, E.I., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Central Botanical Garden | Smirnov, S.O., Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Grain and Products of its Processing

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented the results of studies of physical and chemical structure, amino acid structure, food value amaranth seeds and flour amaranth (Amaranthus) native for the most rational use in the food-processing industry. In amaranth seeds 7-8 % of fat oil which onfatty-acid is close to structure to corn contain, but has a number of essential advantages. Vitamin E in amaranth oil is in especially active to the form and that is even more important, in it contains to 10% of scvalen. Found high level of the maintenance of fiber and amino acid structure. Quality of fiber of an amaranth is very high, because of the considerable maintenance of the irreplaceable amino acids, in particular valuable amino acid -lizin (4,3-5,7% to the general fiber of seeds), that twice more than at wheat and three times more than at corn and copzo, and even are comparable by quantity to a soya and the cow milk. It is defined that amaranth starch contains to 79 % of weight of an amaranth, possesses unique properties. The size of its grain several times is less, than, rice and corn.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus