2024

Lakmal, K.A.K.S.

Three field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of variety and planting density on biomass yield, quality of corn and sorghum plants and nutritional quality of silage from corn and sorghum. A feeding and digestibility trial with 18 cows, randomly assigned to 3 treatments of sorghum, corn silage and Napier grass as basal feed, was conducted to determine lactation performance. An economic analysis was done to determine the beneficial dairy feeding system under Sri Lanka conditions. Two varieties each of corn and sorghum were planted under three densities (53,333, 88,888 and 133,333 corn plants/ha and 111,111, 142,857 and 166,666 sorghum plants/ha). Results showed dry matter yield was significantly higher in corn variety HP 4311 with increasing planting density. With sorghum, agronomic parameters were significantly different between varieties in both main and ratoon crop. Better corn silage nutritional quality was obtained at lower planting density. The apparent dry matter digestibility of corn silage was significantly higher milk yield, milk fat and lactose content were observed with cows fed to corn silage. Economic analysis indicated that the use of corn silage is feasible and will be beneficial for the dairy farms in Sri Lanka.

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University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2023

Bikonya, S.N. | Brazhnik, E.A. | Laptev, G.Yu. | Molotkov, V.V. | Chervatenkov, D.Yu.

The study of the effect of a biopreservative on the quality of silage from hard-to-silage grasses was conducted in the conditions of a livestock farm in the Vologda region. Feed quality was assessed on the basis of laboratory data obtained using the method of near-infrared spectroscopy in the food in-depth study laboratory. Parameters: acid detergent insoluble crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin were considered. Studies have shown that the proportion of silage with a pH level less 4.2 was 28.6%, from 4.2 to 4.4-71.4%. The highest protein preservation and percentage of soluble protein (85.06% of crude protein and 60.2% of crude protein, respectively) were obtained in ryegrass silage. Sufficiently high sugar content was found in clover and cereal silage - 8.86% of dry matter, it had the highest starch content - 3.32% of dry matter. Ryegrass silage was characterized by the least amount of lignin - 6.4% of dry matter. Only in this feed he index of complete digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was normal. The use of a biopreservative based on live lactic acid bacteria ensured the preservation of the nutrients of the procured feeds throughout the storage period due to the rapid decrease in the pH level, as well as the correct fermentation process of the mass and suppression of the growth of undesired microflora. The assessment made it possible to draw conclusions about the rational use of harvested silos in feeding farm animals: it is advisable to use silage with lower lignin content for milking herds of medium productive animals. | Изучение влияния биоконсерванта на качество силоса из трудносилосуемых трав проводилось в условиях животноводческого хозяйства Вологодской области. Оценка качества кормов была произведена на основании лабораторных данных, полученных с помощью метода ближней инфракрасной спектроскопии в лаборатории глубокого анализа кормов. Были рассмотрены показатели: кислотно-детергентный нерастворимый сырой протеин, нейтрально-детергентная клетчатка, кислотно-детергентная клетчатка и лигнин. Исследования показали, что доля силоса, имеющего уровень рН меньше 4,2, составила 28,6%, от 4,2 до 4,4 - 71,4%. Наибольшие сохранность протеина и процент содержания растворимого протеина (85,06% от сырого протеина и 60,2% от сырого протеина соответственно) были получены в силосе из райграса. Достаточно высокое содержание сахара обнаружено в силосе из клевера и злаков - 8,86% от сухого вещества, в нем было наибольшее содержание крахмала - 3,32% от сухого вещества. Наименьшим количеством лигнина характеризовался силос из райграса - 6,4% от сухого вещества. Только в этом корме показатель полной переваримости нейтрально-детергентной клетчатки был в норме. Применение биоконсерванта на основе живых молочнокислых бактерий обеспечило сохранность питательных веществ заготовленных кормов в течение всего периода хранения за счет быстрого снижения уровня рН, а также правильного процесса брожения массы и подавления роста нежелательной микрофлоры. Произведенная оценка позволила сделать выводы о рациональном использовании заготовленных силосов в кормлении с.-х. животных: силос с меньшим содержанием лигнина целесообразно использовать для дойного стада среднепродуктивных животных.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Tababa. J.

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2023

Kononenko, G.P. | Piryazeva, E.A. | Burkin, A.A. | Zotova, E.V.

Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in elucidating the prevalence of fungi Penicillium subgenus Penicillium in the environment and their ability to produce a wide range of metabolites with toxic effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate ochratoxin A (OA) and citrinin (CIT) production on grain substrates in a set of 33 isolates from grain and fodder sampled in various Russian regions in different years and deposited into a local collection as Penicillium viridicatum. Prior to toxin production assessment, the modern morphological criteria were applied to check taxonomic assignment of the isolates tested. Cultures were grown on sucrose agar with yeast extract (YES), sucrose agar with creatine (CREA), Chapek agar with yeast autolysate extract (CYA) for 7 days at 25 deg. С and 30 deg. С. The acidity index was determined by the change in the CREA medium colour. Fungal inoculum was grown on Chapek-Dox agar for 7-10 days at 23-25 С. After culturing fungi on moistened rice grain, the OA and CIT content in biomass extracts was measured by indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). According to the growth rate, colony pigmentation, acidity reaction, and the morphological traits when grown on a panel of 3 test media, 8 cultures were found to be P. viridicatum and 25 cultures were identified as P. verrucosum. None of P. viridicatum strains formed OA and/or CIT. All strains of P. verrucosum produced CIT and some of them OA. In 17 strains implementing the biosynthesis of both metabolites, the accumulation of CIT in the sample on average was about 15 times higher than OA. OA levels above 10 mcg/g were detected in only 12% of producers. The absolute majority (92%) of P. verrucosum strains accumulated CIT in amounts of more than 10 mcg/g, of which 48% accumulated 100 mkg/g or more, which allows us to classify them as highly active producers. So, P. verrucosum might cause combined contamination of local grain and herbal feeds with OA and CIT. | В последние десятилетия достигнут значительный прогресс в изучении распространенности представителей рода Penicillium подрода Penicillium в объектах окружающей среды и способности этих грибов продуцировать широкий спектр токсичных метаболитов. Цели исследования - видовая идентификация 33 изолятов и тестирование у идентифицированных видов способности продуцировать охратоксин А (ОА) и цитринин (ЦИТ) на зерновых субстратах. Культуры выращивали на сахарозном агаре с дрожжевым экстрактом (YES), сахарозном агаре с креатином (CREA), агаре Чапека с экстрактом автолизата дрожжей (CYA) в течение 7 сут при 25 град. С и 30 град. С. Подкисление среды CREA при выращивании культур определяли по изменению ее цвета. Инокулюм для экспресс-тестирования выращивали на скошенном агаре Чапека-Докса в течение 7-10 сут при температуре 23-25 град. С. После культивирования грибов на увлажненном зерне риса (7 сут, 25 град. С, без освещения) в экстрактах биомассы измеряли содержание ОА и ЦИТ методом непрямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа (ELISA). По морфологическим характеристикам, а также по скорости роста, окраске колоний и реакции на кислотность, определенным на панели из трех тестовых сред, 8 культур были отнесены к виду P. viridicatum, 25 - к P. verrucosum. Ни один из штаммов P. viridicatum не образовывал ОА и/или ЦИТ. Все штаммы P. verrucosum продуцировали ЦИТ и часть из них - ОА. У 17 штаммов, реализующих биосинтез обоих метаболитов, накопление ЦИТ в среднем по выборке было примерно в 15 раз выше, чем ОА. Накопление ОА свыше 10 мкг/г выявили лишь у 12% продуцентов. Абсолютное большинство (92%) штаммов P. verrucosum накапливали ЦИТ в количествах более 10 мкг/г, из них 48% - 100 мкг/г и выше, что позволило считать их высокоактивными продуцентами. Полученные сведения дают основания предположить причастность вида P. verrucosum к сочетанной контаминации отечественной зерновой продукции и травяных кормов микотоксинами ОА и ЦИТ.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Belova, S.N. | Pleshkov, V.A.

The use of grain haylage in the diets of replacement heifers has been under study, the results are presented below. The animals were arranged into the control and experimental groups, 10 heads each. In the control group of heifers, instead of corn silage, the diet included vetch and barley grain silage in the amount of 3.6 kg per 1 head per day. Body weight gains (average daily, absolute, relative) were studied, and the economic efficiency of using grain haylage in heifers' diets was determined. According to the study results, it has been found that the average daily body weight gain in the experimental group is 690.0±32.1 g. This is by 14.6% or 87.8±3.1 g higher (p less than 0.05) than in the control group, where the figure is 602.2±28.4 g. The absolute gain in the group of experimental calves is 62.1±2.1 kg, which is more by 14.6% or 7.9±0.4 kg (p less than 0.05) than in the control group, where this index is 54.2±1.9 kg. The relative gain showing the true growth rate is 70.8±1.7% in the experimental group, and it is 61.4±1.5% in the control group; the difference 9.4 percent points (p less than 0.05). The animals of the experimental group gave more profits by 5924 rub. than the control group; it provides an economic effect per one head of 1184.8 rub. | Представлены результаты исследования по использованию зернового сенажа в рационах ремонтных телочек. Были сформированы контрольная и опытная группы телочек по 10 голов в каждой. В контрольной группе взамен силоса кукурузного в рацион включали вико-ячменный зерновой сенаж в количестве 3,6 кг на 1 голову в сутки. Изучали приросты живой массы (среднесуточный, абсолютный, относительный), а также определяли экономическую эффективность использования зернового сенажа в рационах тёлочек. По результатам исследования установлено, что среднесуточные приросты в опытной группе в среднем составили 690,0±32,1 г, что оказалось выше на 14,6%, или 87,8±3,1 г (р меньше 0,05), чем в контрольной группе, где этот показатель отмечен на уровне 602,2±28,4 г. Абсолютный прирост в группе опытных телят составил 62,1±2,1 кг, что было больше на 14,6% или 7,9±0,4 кг (р меньше 0,05) аналогов контрольной группы, где этот показатель отмечен на уровне 54,2±1,9 кг. Относительный прирост, показывающий истинную скорость роста, в опытной группе составил 70,8±1,7%, а в контрольной 61,4±1,5%, разница 9,4 п.п. (р меньше 0,05). В опытной группе получено прибыли больше на 5924,0 руб., чем в контрольной, что обеспечило экономический эффект 1184,8 рубля в расчете на 1 голову.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Sidorova, E.K. | Sorokina, M.V. | Lobkov, V.T. | Bobkova, Yu.A.

In Russia, corn is the main silage crop. The requirements for corn for silo spreader are high yield, resistance to diseases, pests and temperature changes, as well as the ability to accumulate a large amount of solids. An important factor is the ripening time. The hybrids suitable for the climatic zone are chosen; early and mid-early hybrids are grown in the Central Russia. The aim of the research was to effectively increase the production of silage corn in the Oryol region, based on the variety rotation, as well as a comparative assessment of silage corn hybrids of different maturity groups of domestic and foreign breeding, which ensure the production of high-energy corn silage, and optimization of harvesting terms in the conditions of Maloarkhangelsk district of the Oryol region. The study was carried out in 2018-2019. An assessment of corn hybrids for silage according to economically valuable traits was given; the most adaptive hybrids to the climatic conditions of the region for use in the agricultural production of the region were chosen. A comprehensive assessment of corn hybrids for silage of 3 groups of ripening: early-ripening, medium-early and mid-ripening was carried out. In the conditions of the Oryol region, for the production of high-energy silage during the harvesting of wax ripeness, it is necessary to replace old hybrids with new ones, the directions of use are universal or silage, which are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for use in the Central Black Earth (5) region: from early ripe hybrids (FAO 160-180): 'Zolotoy pochatok 170 MW', from mid-early hybrids (FAO 200-280): 'Amello', 'Karolin', 'LG 31255', from mid-season hybrids (FAO 300-350): 'Mashuk 350 MV', 'Poezy KS'. | В России кукуруза является основной силосной культурой. Требования к кукурузе на силос для закладки: высокая урожайность, устойчивость к болезням, вредителям и перепадам температуры, а также способность накапливать большое количество сухих веществ. Немаловажным фактором являются сроки созревания. Выбирают те гибриды, которые подходят к климатической зоне, в средней полосе выращивают гибриды ранние и среднеранние. Цель исследований - эффективное увеличение производственных посевов под кукурузой под силос в Орловской области, на основе сортосмены, а также сравнительная оценка гибридов кукурузы на силос разных групп спелости отечественной и зарубежной селекций, которые обеспечивают производство высокоэнергетического кукурузного силоса, и оптимизация сроков уборки в условиях Малоархангельского района Орловской области. Исследования проводились в 2018-2019 гг. Дана оценка гибридам кукурузы на силос по хозяйственно-ценным признакам; выделены из них адаптивные к климатическим условиям региона для использования в с.-х. производстве региона, проведена комплексная оценка гибридов кукурузы на силос 3-х групп спелости: раннеспелой среднеранней и среднеспелой. В условиях Орловской области для производства высокоэнергетического силоса в период уборки восковой спелости необходима замена старых гибридов на новые гибриды, направления использования – универсальный или силосный, которые внесены в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений и допущенных к использованию по Центрально-Черноземному (5) региону: из раннеспелых гибридов (ФАО 160-180): Золотой початок 170 МВ, из среднеранних гибридов (ФАО 200-280): Амелло, Каролин, ЛГ 31255, из среднеспелых гибридов (ФАО 300-350): Машук 350 МВ, Поэзи КС.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Dubrovskis, V., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava

Within the framework of the LAD-29 project, it was necessary to obtain digestates from various raw materials used by the project partners and to test the possibility of granulating their mixture with ash. Raw materials were taken from the biogas plants of the project partners and analyzed in laboratory. Partner LatdanAgro feedstocks were charged in the same proportions, as in the biogas plant were filled, in two 110 liter bioreactors A and B, which operated in continuous operation mode. How much digestate can be obtained from each feedstock and how much of it can be obtained biogas was tested in 16 bioreactors in the batch mode. The operating temperature in all bioreactors was kept the same as in the bioreactors of the biogas plant. The digestates with different moisture contents obtained in the laboratory and also brought from four biogas plants were mixed with wood ash, the condition of each mixture was determined and the possibility of granulation was assessed. The granulation test revealed that when using a digestate with a high moisture content, it is cementing the added ash, but the ash, added to the dry digestate, puts in the air. Granules can only be formed, if the moisture content of the digestate is 20–30%. The thick fractions of digestates from the biogas plants of the four project partners, obtained from their fractionation plants, were tested. Different stability granules were made from them.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2021

Kureninova, T.V. | Belyaeva, N.Yu. | Getmanets, V.N.

Устанавливали влияние применения бактериальных заквасок при заготовке силоса на его качество и биохимические показатели крови коров. Научно-хозяйственный опыт проведён на базе одного из племенных заводов Алтайского края на коровах черно-пёстрой породы. Для проведения опыта сформировали 3 группы коров-аналогов черно-пестрой породы по 10 гол. в каждой в возрасте III лактации и старше. При подборе животных также учитывались живая масса и среднесуточный удой. В качестве консерванта при силосовании корма использовали закваску ПЗСК, представляющую собой композицию молочнокислых и пропионовокислых бактерий. Получен силос высокого качества, соответствующий требованиям ГОСТ Р 55986-2014 "Силос из кормовых растений. Общие технические условия" по органолептической оценке (цвет, запах, консистенция) и химическому составу. Внесение изучаемой закваски способствовало повышению на 37% сахара и на 11-18% каротина. Анализ динамики биохимических показателей показал увеличение содержания общего белка в конце опыта в I опытной группе на 3,9% и альбуминов достоверно – на 5,3% (р меньше 0,01), а также более высокий уровень холестерина – на 20%, в сравнении с контролем. Скармливание коровам силоса с добавлением биоконсерванта ПЗСК послужило активизации белково-липидного обмена организма животных. | The influence of using bacterial starters for harvesting silage on its quality and biochemical blood indicators of cows was established. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the Black-and White cows on the basis of one of breeding plants situated in the Altai Krai. 3 groups of 10 counterpart Black-and White cows at the age of the 3d lactation and older were formed. The selection of animals was also based on live weight and average daily milk yield. PZSK starter culture containing composition of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria was used as a preservative for silage making. In result, high-quality silage was obtained which corresponded to the national standard GOST R 55986-2014 "Silage from forage plants. General technical specifications" according to its sensory evaluation (color, odor, consistency) and chemical composition. The addition of the studied starter culture contributed to an increase in sugar by 37% and carotene by 11-18%. The analysis of the dynamics of the biochemical indices at the end of the experiment showed an increase in the total protein content in the first trial group by 3.9% and albumin by 5.3% (p less than 0.01), as well as a higher cholesterol level by 20 % as compared to the control group. Feeding cows with silage added with PZSK biopreservative promoted activating protein and lipid metabolism of animal body.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2021

Melnyk, V., Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical Univ. of Agriculture

The part of the chronological range of cropping systems of current interest includes Mini-Till, No-Till and Strip-Till, the latter being now in a state of development and widespread distribution. Through the research into the evolution of agriculture, it has been established that Strip-Till will be replaced by a Mix-Cropp system, its main feature being the dominance of mixed crops. Rot-Mix will replace Mix-Cropp. The former is based on the use of crop rotations of mixed crops. By analyzing modern agricultural production and the trends of its development, it has been established that mixed sowing technologies are already in demand. In particular, it is necessary to develop a system of machines for mixed sowing of soybeans with corn for fodder purposes. As a result of cooperation between the University and JSC ‘Elvorti’, a prototype of the Vega-8w Profi seeder was manufactured, which implements the possibility of independent sowing of seeds of two crops in one row. The purpose of the work is field testing of a prototype of the Vega-8w Profi seeder when performing mixed sowing of forage crops of corn and soybeans to obtain an increase in the yield and quality of the resulting products, in forage production – primarily to improve the quality of forage. The tests showed that the total yield of silage mass of soybeans with corn, grown together, is guaranteed to be higher than in the case of separate growing of the crops. The quality of the experimental silage, for a number of indicators, is also higher than that of silage without soybeans, or silage obtained by adding soybeans grown separately. The productivity of cattle in terms of both meat and milk in the case of feeding the animals on the experimental silage also exceeded the control. Today, the work on improving the system of machines and technologies for co-cultivation of soybeans with corn for fodder purposes as the technology of the upcoming farming system Mix-Cropp continues.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2020

Adamickova, I., Slovak Univ. of Agriculture in Nitra

Slovakia's membership in the EU and the introduction of the EU Common Agricultural Policy have significantly changed the necessary conditions for the functioning of agriculture. Increasing competitiveness in the internal market for agricultural and food products has necessitated an acceleration of the structural development of agricultural holdings and improved conditions of production and product quality. It has contributed to a more balanced regional development of lacking rural areas on the development pillars of the growth of competitiveness in small and medium-sized enterprises. However, enterprises, particularly in the agricultural sector, are still characterized by lack of innovation demand, poor motivation and awareness of enterprises to transfer to the latest technologies. In agriculture, the use and exploitation of natural resources to produce renewable energy sources remains low. For this reason, part of the businesses' activities is also directed at setting up growths of fast-growing trees, which allows farmers to create space for diversified production, which contributes to strengthening the economic dimension of sustainable rural development. The establishment of growth of fast-growing trees gives farmers the opportunity to use less productive agricultural land efficiently to produce renewable energy sources and their commercial use.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia