AGRIS - 

2024

MENESES, A. J. G. | POMPEU, R. C. F. F. | SALLES, H. O. | FARIAS, A. S. S. | NENEM, L. H. S. | COSTA, C. S. | GUEDES, L. F. | MARANGUAPE, J. S. | PEREIRA, P. L. | CÂNDIDO, M. J. D. | ABNER JOSÉ GIRÃO MENESES, INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO CEARÁ; ROBERTO CLAUDIO FERNANDES F POMPEU, CNPC; HEVILA OLIVEIRA SALLES FIGUEIREDO, CNPC; UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO VALE DO ACARAÚ; UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO VALE DO ACARAÚ; CLÉSIO DOS SANTOS COSTA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ; LUCIANA FREITAS GUEDES; JÉSSICA SOUSA MARANGUAPE, UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL VALE DO ACARAÚ; UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO VALE DO ACARAÚ; MAGNO JOSÉ DUARTE CÂNDIDO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ.

Abstract: The purpose was to evaluate structural characteristics of pasture, behavioral aspects and physiological parameters of sheep finished on irrigated Tamani grass pasture under continuous stocking, using castor bean cake as alternative input. Structural characteristics of the pasture were assessed in a randomized block design in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with two sources of nitrogen fertilization (mineral - urea and organic - in natura castor bean cake) and two supplements (with or without detoxified castor bean cake), in four replications (paddocks). Behavioral aspects and physiological parameters were assessed in a randomized block design with four treatments, and repeated measures over time in eight replications (sheep). Total forage biomass, green leaf blade biomass, grazing, rumination, and idleness times, as well as respiratory rate and rectal temperature were assessed. Urea provided greater leaf blade biomass (1,807 kg DM.ha.cycle-1) and tiller population density (1,592 tillers.m-2). Grazing time reduced 65 minutes.day-1 for animals supplemented with detoxified castor bean cake and kept in pastures fertilized with urea. The use of castor bean cake did not change the physiological parameters of the animals in any of the managements evaluated and can be used as a strategic input in the finishing of sheep on pasture. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar as características estruturais da pastagem, os aspectos comportamentais e os parâmetros fisiológicos de ovinos terminados em pastagem irrigada de capim Tamani sob lotação contínua, utilizando-se torta de mamona como insumo alternativo. As características estruturais da pastagem foram avaliadas em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, com duas fontes de adubação nitrogenada (mineral - ureia e orgânica - torta de mamona in natura) e dois suplementos (com ou sem torta de mamona desintoxicada), em quatro repetições (piquetes). Os aspectos comportamentais e os parâmetros fisiológicos foram avaliados em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e medidas repetidas no tempo em oito repetições (ovinos). Foram avaliados a biomassa total de forragem, a biomassa de lâmina foliar verde, os tempos de pastejo, a ruminação e o ócio, bem como a frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal. A ureia proporcionou maior biomassa de lâmina foliar (1.807kg MS.ha.ciclo-1) e densidade populacional de perfilhos (1.592 perfilhos.m-2). O tempo de pastejo reduziu 65 minutos.dia-1 para animais suplementados com torta de mamona desintoxicada e mantidos em pastagens fertilizadas com ureia. A torta de mamona não alterou os parâmetros fisiológicos dos animais em nenhum dos manejos avaliados, podendo ser utilizada como insumo estratégico na terminação de ovinos a pasto. | Título em português: Estrutura do dossel, aspectos comportamentais e fisiológicos de ovinos terminados em pasto, usando-se torta de mamona como insumo alternativo.

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Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Brazil

2023

NOGUEIRA, G. H. M. S. M. F. | SANTOS, R. N. | GOIS, G. C. | GALVANI, D. B. | MORAES, S. A. de | NOGUEIRA, D. M. | VOLTOLINI, T. V. | G. H. M. S. M. F. NOGUEIRA, UNIVASF; R. N. SANTOS, UNIVASF; G. C. GOIS, UNIVASF; DIEGO BARCELOS GALVANI, CNPC; SALETE ALVES DE MORAES, CPATSA; DANIEL MAIA NOGUEIRA, CPATSA; TADEU VINHAS VOLTOLINI, CPATSA.

This study aimed to evaluate methane emission, milk yield and behavior of ewes kept exclusively on irrigated pasture of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) or supplemented with ground corn or whole cottonseed (WCS) based concentrates. Twelve Lacaune x Santa Ines ewes (43.07±0.83 kg of body weight, 77±24 days after parturition, on average) were distributed in replicated 3x3 Latin square. Treatments consisted of three diets: pasture (no concentrate supplementation); corn (pasture + corn-based supplement); whole cottonseed (pasture + whole cottonseed-based supplement), offering 0.5 kg/ewe/day. The WCS group showed the highest concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) (p=0.049) and crude protein (CP) intake (p=0.001) compared to the others. There was no difference on total DMI (p=0.115) for the tested diets. Animals exclusively kept on pasture had the greatest forage DMI (p=0.004), lowest CP digestibility (p=0.015), showed longer grazing time (p=0.01) and shorter idle time (p=0.01) compared to the supplemented groups. Milk yield (0.36 kg/ewe/day) (p=0.15) and methane emission (33.12 g/ewe/day) (p=0.95) were similar for all three evaluated groups. Supplementation with concentrate based on corn or whole cottonseed does not improve productive performance nor decrease methane emission. However, lactating ewes kept exclusively in pasture show longer grazing time, without changes in milk yield and methane emission. | Título em português: Emissão de metano, produção de leite e comportamento de ovelhas mantidas em pastagem ou suplementadas com concentrado à base de milho grão ou caroço de algodão.

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Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Brazil

2023

Juris Rubens | Juris Kibilds | Martins Jansons | Inga Piginka-Vjaceslavova | Ilze Barene | Irena Daberte | Laima Liepa | Aija Malniece | Arturs Rubens | Vytaute Starkute | Egle Zokaityte | Modestas Ruzauskas | Elena Bartkiene | Vadims Bartkevics | Iveta Pugajeva

The valorization of wood industry residues is very desirable from a circular economy perspective. Pine needle extracts are known for their health-promoting properties and therefore can be used as herbal remedies and nutritional supplements. Since the withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters in the European Union, natural feed additives that improve poultry health and production are needed. It was proposed that pine needle extract could be a good alternative to antibiotic usage at sub-therapeutic concentrations. The results relevant to our assumption could be obtained by using domestic chickens as an in vivo model for the evaluation of gut microbiota-altering properties of pine needle extract as an herbal supplement. We tested the antimicrobial effects of Baltic pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) needle extract. Then, we used chicken (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) that received feed supplemented with two different concentrations of the extract for 40 days to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This preliminary study demonstrated trends toward dose-dependent desirable changes in broiler microbiome, such as a reduction in the relative abundance of <i>Campylobacter</i>.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2023

Ana Zapata | Rocio Fernández-Parra

In the multimodal management of osteoarthritis (OA) in recent decades, the use of feed supplements to maintain joint cartilage has been advocated. The aim of this scoping review is to present the results found in the veterinary literature on the use of undenatured type II collagen and <i>Boswellia serrata</i> in dogs, specifically its use in dogs with clinical signs of OA, healthy dogs after intense exercise or dogs with diseases that predispose the individual to OA. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, from which a total of 26 records were included in this review: fourteen evaluating undenatured type II collagen, ten evaluating <i>Boswellia serrata</i> and two evaluating the combination of undenatured type II collagen and <i>Boswellia serrata</i>. The review of the records showed that undenatured type II collagen decreases the clinical signs associated with OA, improving the general clinical state with a reduction in the degree of lameness and increase in physical activity or mobility. Evaluating the response to supplementation with <i>Boswellia serrata</i> alone is complicated due to the limited publication of studies and variations in the purity and compositions of the products used, but in general terms, its combination with other feed supplements produces benefits by relieving pain and reducing the clinical signs of OA in dogs. The combination of both in the same product provides results similar to those obtained in undenatured type II collagen studies. In conclusion, undenatured type II collagen and <i>Boswellia serrata</i> are considered a valid option for the multimodal approach to the management of OA and for improving activity during intense exercise, but more studies are needed to conclude whether or not it prevents OA in dogs.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2023

Sukhanova, E.V. | Morozkov, N.A. | Sycheva, L.V.

There have been studied the influence of feeding plant raw material obtained from Hungarian sainfoin having an immunostimulating effect on the growth rate in milk calves, as well as on morphological and biochemical blood parameters and natural resistance of animal organism. Holsteinized black-and-white calves were arranged into control and 2 trial groups of 10 heads each according to the pair-analog principle. Calves of the I and II experimental groups in addition to the main diet were fed with phyto supplement made of Hungarian sainfoin mixed with concentrates in rates of 150 and 300 g per head per day for 92 days. The use of herbal supplements in feeding calves ensured an increase in live weight in the animals of trial groups by 11.0 kg (6.55%) and by 11.7 kg (6.96%) (p less 0.05) over the period of scientific and economic experiment, compared with analogues of the control group. From the analysis of blood parameters, it should be noted that protein indicators were higher (p less 0.01) by 1.36% (I trial group) and by 4.74% (II trial group); there was an increase in hemoglobin at the end of the experiment, by 5.88% (I trial group) and by 12.15% (II trial group) (p less 0.01). When determining the natural resistance indicators, it was found that in calves of trial groups I and II, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes was higher by 4.16 and 17.29% (p less 0.01), respectively, in comparison with control animals. Analysis of the data obtained showed that 300 g per head per day, fed to calves of the II trial group is the optimal rate for use in the heifer diets. This is confirmed by the improvement of biochemical, morphological, and immunological parameters of animal blood, as well as by higher live weight gain values of them. | Изучали влияние скармливания растительного сырья из эспарцета песчаного, обладающего иммуностимулирующим действием, на интенсивность роста телят молочного периода, а также на морфологические и биохимические показатели крови и естественную резистентность организма животных. Сформировали 3 группы телят голштинизированной черно-пестрой породы по принципу пар-аналогов: контрольная и 2 опытные по 10 голов в каждой. Телятам I и II опытных групп в дополнение к основному рациону скармливали в смеси с концентратами фитодобавку из экспарцета по 150 и 300 г на голову в сутки в течение 92 дней. Использование в кормлении телят фитодобавки обеспечило увеличение за период научно-хозяйственного опыта живой массы у животных опытных групп на 11,0 кг (6,55%) и на 11,7 кг (6,96%) (р меньше 0,05) по сравнению с аналогами контрольной группы. Из анализа показателей крови следует отметить, что показатели белка были выше на 1,36% (I опытная) и на 4,74% (р меньше 0,01) (II опытная); отмечалось значимое (р меньше 0,01) повышение гемоглобина в конце опыта: на 5,88% (I опытная) и на 12,15 % (II опытная). При определении показателей естественной резистентности установлено, что у телят I и II опытных групп фагоцитарная активность лейкоцитов была выше на 4,16 и 17,29% (р меньше 0,01) соответственно, в сравнении с контрольными животными. Анализ полученных данных показал, что для применения в рационах наиболее оптимальной является доза 300 г на голову в сутки, скармливаемая телятам II опытной группы. Это подтверждается улучшением биохимических, морфологических и иммунологических показателей крови животных, а также более высокими значениями прироста их живой массы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Lazareva, K.V. | Krasnova, O.A.

Bioactive feed additives are applied in cattle breeding to stimulate the immunity of animals, to normalize metabolic processes, to increase and to improve cattle performance. Scientific research was carried out in the period from 2019 to 2022 in the Udmurt Republic at the pedigree breeding unit of the SEC collective farm "Zarya". The research purpose was to study the metabolism in the body of calf bulls and beef performance of them due to a plant-based biostimulant including into animal diets. The objectives of the study were to assess the animal health status based on the examination of the biochemical blood serum composition and the analysis of quantitative indicators of beef performance of young bulls. A control group and 2 experimental groups of 10 heads each were formed from Black-and-White male calves at the age of 3 days. All the animals were kept in the same conditions. The control group was kept on the farm diet, and the animals of experimental groups 1 and 2 received daily a plant-based biostimulant added to the farm diet in the amount of 0.15 g and 0.3 g per 1 kg of live weight. The biostimulant comprised common yarrow, stinging nettle, blueberry leaves, garden sage, common St. John's wort, common tansy, spruce resin. The biostimulant was used starting from 3 days till the age of 6 months. The biochemical parameters of blood serum were determined every 3 months. The conducted studies have shown that the indicators of alkaline phosphatase in the blood, the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were within the physiological norm in all age periods. In the animals of experimental group 2 consuming the plant-based biostimulant at a dosage of 0.3 g/kg of live weight, the processes of protein substances accumulation were most intensive. Their carcasses had a weight of 251.5 kg, the slaughter weight was 266 kg with the highest slaughter yield of 55.5%. The beef production indicators in the animals of experimental group 1 were lower, in the animals of the control group even lower. | Биологически активные кормовые добавки в скотоводстве для стимуляции иммунитета животных, нормализации метаболических процессов, увеличения и улучшения продуктивных качеств. Научные исследования проводились в племрепродукторе СПК колхоз "Заря" Можгинского района Удмуртской Республики в 2019-2022 г. Цель исследований - изучение состояния обмена веществ в организме бычков и их мясной продуктивности при использовании в рационах кормления биостимулятора растительного происхождения. В задачи исследования входило провести оценку состояния здоровья животных на основании исследования биохимического состава сыворотки крови и анализа количественных показателей мясной продуктивности бычков. Из бычков черно-пестрой породы в возрасте 3 дней были сформированы контрольная и 2 опытные группы по 10 голов в каждой. Все животные содержались в одинаковых условиях. Контрольная группа находилась на общехозяйственном рационе, а животным опытных групп 1 и 2 к общехозяйственному рациону ежедневно добавляли биостимулятор растительного происхождения в количестве 0,15 и 0,3 г на 1 кг живой массы. Биостимулятор содержал тысячелистник обыкновенный, крапиву двудомную, листья черники, шалфей лекарственный, зверобой продырявленный, пижму обыкновенную, смолу ели. Биостимулятор применяли с 3-дневного возраста до 6 месяцев. Биохимические показатели сыворотки крови определяли каждые 3 месяца. Проведенные исследования показали, что показатели щелочной фосфатазы в крови, ферментативной активности АсАТ и АлАТ находились в пределах физиологической нормы во все возрастные периоды. У животных опытной группы 2, потреблявших биостимулятор в дозировке 0,3 г/кг живой массы, процессы накопления белковых веществ происходили наиболее интенсивно. Их туши имели массу 251,5 кг, убойная масса составила 266,0 кг при наибольшем убойном выходе 55,5%. Показатели мясной продуктивности животных опытной группы 1 были ниже, животных контрольной группы – еще ниже.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Алексей Николаевич Гринюк | Евгений Николаевич Неверов | Роман Алексеевич Ворошилин

Одной из наиболее актуальных проблем на сегодняшний день является создание экологически чистой сельскохозяйственной продукции, характеризующейся высокими количественными и качественными показателями, что, в свою очередь, является необходимым условием обеспечения здоровья человека. Микроэлементы, необходимые для жизни, выполняют свои функции в живых организмах. Поэтому среди мероприятий, которые должны решить эту проблему, наиболее актуальным является обеспечение организма сельскохозяйственной птицы и животных оптимальным количеством и соотношением микроэлементов и белков. Этого можно достичь созданием кормов нового поколения с использованием вторичных сырьевых ресурсов, имеющих белковую и минеральную ценность. Целью работы является разработка и изучение влияния на физиологическое развитие кроликов комбикорма с белково-минеральной кормовой добавкой на основе соединительных белков и преципитата. Представлены характеристика и свойства компонентов разрабатываемой кормовой добавки, анализ аминокислотного состава белкового компонента. Изучено влияние разработанной кормовой добавки на абсолютную и относительную скорости роста кроликов и их убойные показатели. В работе использовались общепринятые методы исследования и проведения научно-хозяйственного опыта. Выявлено, что более эффективным использованием в качестве кормовой добавки для молодняка кроликов является 12 г белково-минеральной добавки на 88 г зерносмеси (соотношение белок/дикальций фосфат – 2/1). В результате эксперимента выявлено, что эффективность прироста средней живой массы в III опытной группе повышается на 10,61%, среднесуточный прирост живой массы – на 31,69%. Благодаря используемой добавке обеспечен высокий уровень мясной продуктивности, по расчетному показателю убойной массы кроликов III опытная группа превосходила контрольную на 12,42%. Полученные данные свидетельствуют об эффективном влиянии разрабатываемой добавки на убойные показатели кроликов, данные изменения связаны с более продуктивным развитием мышечной массы у подопытного поголовья кроликов. | One of the most topical issues today is the development of environmentally friendly agricultural products characterized by high quantitative and qualitative indices, which, in turn, is a necessary condition for ensuring human health. Trace elements necessary for life perform their functions in living organisms. Therefore, among the measures that should solve this problem, the most urgent is to provide the body of poultry and animals with the optimal amount and ratio of trace elements and proteins. This may be achieved by development of a new generation of feeds using secondary raw materials with protein and mineral value. The research goal is to develop and study the effect of compound feeds with a protein-mineral feed supplement based on connective proteins and precipitated calcium superphosphate on the physiological development of rabbits. This paper discusses the characteristics and properties of the components of the feed supplement being developed and the analysis of the amino acid composition of the protein component. The influence of the developed feed supplement on the absolute and relative growth rates of rabbits and their slaughter indices was studied. The work used generally accepted methods of research and conducting scientific and economic experiment. It was revealed that 12 g of the protein-mineral supplement per 88 g of grain mixture (protein/dicalcium phosphate - 2/1 ratio) was more effective as a feed supplement for young rabbits. The experiment revealed that the efficiency of the average live weight gain in the 3rd trial group increases by 10.61%; the average daily live weight gain - by 31.69%. Due to the supplement used, a high level of meat productivity was ensured; according to the calculated slaughter weight of rabbits, the 3rd trial group exceeded the control group by 12.42%. The data obtained indicate obvious effect of the developed supplement on the slaughter performance of rabbits; these changes are associated with a more productive development of muscle mass in the trial population of rabbits.

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Altai State Agricultural University - Russian Federation

2023

Sukhanova, S.F.

The research was carried out in the Kurgan region; it is devoted to the study of the morphological blood composition of young geese that consumed probiotic feed additives of various composition, namely, based on the spore biomass of bacteria (SBB) Bacillus subtilis, microencapsulated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii, bifidobacteria and lactobacteria (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilum). To study the effect of the additive based on the SBB Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, 5 groups were formed. The control group received a basic diet only. Rations of the experimental group were supplemented with SBBs: 1 – of Bacillus subtilis; 2 – of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis; 3 – of B. subtilis; 4 - of B. licheniformis. The additive was fed from day 1 to day 10 of poultry fattening. In the experiment with a probiotic additive based on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (B. adolescentis, L. acidophilum), 4 groups were formed. The control poultry group received the basic diet; experimental gr. 1 – 0.5% of studied additive; experimental gr. 2 – 1% of additive; experimental gr. 3 – 1.5% of additive. The additive was fed once a day from days 1 to 10 of poultry growing. The studies on using the additive based on microencapsulated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii as part of gosling compound feeds were done on livestock divided into 3 groups. The control group received the basic diet, experimental gr. 1 received the compound feed with the studied additive at a rate of 500 g/t; experimental gr. 2 received 1000 g/t. As found under the influence of the studied probiotic additives in the blood of the experimental goslings, the erythrocyte, leukocytes counts, and hemoglobin increased. This demonstrates enhancing the activity of the hematopoietic system due to the intensive poultry growth. In young geese, an increase in tissue respiration is noted. It is typical for increased intensity of metabolic processes and for increased performance. | Исследования проводились в Курганской области и были посвящены изучению морфологического состава крови молодняка гусей, потреблявшего пробиотические кормовые добавки различного состава, а именно на основе споровой биомассы бактерий (СББ) Bacillus subtilis, микрокапсулированных дрожжей Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii, бифидо- и лактобактерий (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilum). Для изучения влияния пробиотической добавки на основе СББ B. subtilis, B. licheniformis сформировали 5 групп. Контрольная группа получала основной рацион, 1-я опытная – содержащий СББ B. subtilis; 2-я опытная – содержащий СББ B. subtilis и B. licheniformis; 3-я опытная – содержащий СББ B. subtilis; 4-я опытная – содержащий СББ B. licheniformis. Кормовую добавку скармливали с 1-го по 10-й день выращивания. В опыте по использованию пробиотической добавки на основе бифидо- и лактобактерий (B. adolescentis, L. acidophilum) были сформированы 4 группы. Контрольная группа птицы получала основной рацион; 1-я опытная – 0,5% изучаемой добавки; 2-я опытная – 1,0% добавки; 3-я опытная – 1,5% добавки. Добавку скармливали 1 раз в сутки с 1-го по 10-й день выращивания птицы. Исследования по использованию пробиотической добавки на основе микрокапсулированных дрожжей Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii в составе комбикормов для гусят провели на поголовье, разделенном на 3 группы. Контрольная группа получала основной рацион, птица 1-й опытной – комбикорм, с изучаемой добавкой в дозе 500 г/т комбикорма; 2-й опытной – 1000 г/т комбикорма. Установлено, что под влиянием изученных пробиотических добавок в крови гусят опытных групп увеличивалось количество эритроцитов, лейкоцитов, содержание гемоглобина. Это указывает на усиление деятельности аппарата кроветворения, связанного с интенсивным ростом птицы. У молодняка гусей отмечено повышение уровня тканевого дыхания, что характерно при увеличенной интенсивности обменных процессов и повышении продуктивности.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Malenica, Dunja | Maciel, Larissa Silva | Herodes, Koit | Kass, Marko | Bhat, Rajeev

Annually, 1.3 billion of tons food waste is produced worldwide. Vegetal waste (VW) makes 2/3 of this amount. Due to current disposal solutions, this waste contributes significantly to environmental pollution. Recent years have seen several novel waste management strategies, including sustainable utilization of vegetal wastes for the development of animal feed. VW represents an alternative to the current feed material due to its rich bioactive compounds content. This study included an evaluation of apple pomace and oat bran as animal feed supplements. Following analyses were undertaken: proximate analyses, metabolizable energy and protein, mineral, vitamin, fatty acid and amino acid content. Regarding the influence of extraction parameters: time, volume of solvent and temperature on amino acid content, only the mass was a statistically significant parameter. Apple pomace showed small amount of crude protein but a high content of crude fibre, comparing to oat bran which had high crude protein content but low amount of crude fibre. Oat bran showed significant amount of iron and zinc. 37 amino acids were detected in both samples. Apple pomace showed low amounts of amino acids compared to oat bran, except for cysteine. High amount of numerous amino acids was detected in oat bran.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2023

Meng, Xiaolin | Cai, Huimin | Li, Heng | You, Fu | Jiang, Aixia | Hu, Wenpan | Li, Keke | Zhang, Xindang | Zhang, Yanmin | Chang, Xulu | Yang, Guokun | Zhou, Zhigang

Probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine has been shown to stimulate immunity and modulate gut microbiota. It has been considered to be an ideal alternative to antibiotics in a variety of species. In this study, Clostridium butyricum was used as a fermentation strain, while a mixture of licorice root, Astragalus membranaceus and Acanthopanax senticosus was used as a substrate for solid-state fermentation. The fermented product (F-CHM) was mixed with basic feed at levels of 0 (NC), 5% (S-5%), 10% (S-10%) and 20% (S-20%) to feed largemouth bass for 56-day. The results showed that no significant effect of F-CHM was observed on weight gain, but the resistance to A.hydrophila infection was improved. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in plasma was increased with F-CHM addition, and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased. In the spleen, a higher expression of the inflammatory factor TGF-β and apoptosis related genes (Caspase-3 and p53) was detected after the addition of F-CHM. With the addition of F-CHM, the midgut villus height of largemouth bass was significantly increased, and the expression of the intestinal barrier related genes, ZO-1 and Claudin-4 was upregulated. Furthermore, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids was increased in the S-20% F-CHM addition group. Sequencing results showed that the intestinal flora abundance and diversity were dramatically increased in the S-10% group. In addition, the development of harmful bacteria was restrained, and the colonization of beneficial flora was increased. Collectively, dietary F-CHM can be applied as a largemouth bass feed supplement to enhance fish immunity, regulate the intestinal flora and improve the ability of the host to protect against pathogenic bacteria.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America