AGRIS - 

2021

Lukomets, A.V.

The vegetable seed industry is an integral part of the structure of food resources formation, which plays a major role in the formation of the national food security of Russia. Examines the role of the industry seed production infrastructure the production of vegetables, the peculiarities of vegetable seed production, principles and organizational forms of production and use of seeds, identify the factors affecting the efficiency of seed production of vegetable crops, analyzes different approaches to the use of seeds of vegetable crops production technology of vegetables production of vegetables by types, conditions of increasing the yield of grown vegetable crops in the conditions of the market and development trends of the agrarian economy. The role of seed production in creating food resources is revealed as one of the practical applications of this industry in modern conditions of food security. In all categories of Russian farms from 2000 to 2018, the vegetable crop acreage decreased by 29.3%, while vegetable production increased by 26.5% over these years, including in agricultural organizations by 44.7%, in peasant farms – by 9.7 times, but production in households decreased by 6.7%. The growth of gross vegetable production was achieved by increasing the yield by 20.3%. The vegetable seed industry played a positive role in increasing the production of vegetable products. Along with the formation of food resources, the role of the vegetable growing industry in increasing the employment of the rural population is high. The Russian market of vegetable crops is characterized by the predominance of domestic varieties, however, the share of foreign varieties in beet crops prevails. The seed industry is a priority in the system of forming food resources and ensuring food security of the country. | Отрасль семеноводства овощных культур выступает как неотъемлемая часть в структуре формирования продовольственных ресурсов, играющих главную роль в формировании национальной продовольственной безопасности России. Рассматривается роль отрасли семеноводства в инфраструктуре производства овощной продукции, раскрываются особенности развития овощного семеноводства, принципы и организационные формы производства и использования семян, выявляются факторы, влияющие на эффективность семеноводства овощных культур, анализируются различные подходы к использованию семян овощных культур, технологии производства овощей, динамика производства овощей по видам, условия повышения урожайности выращиваемых овощных культур в условиях рынка и тенденций развития аграрной экономики. Вскрывается роль семеноводства в создании продовольственных ресурсов, как одно из практических приложений данной отрасли в современных условиях продовольственной безопасности. В хозяйствах всех категорий России с 2000 по 2018 гг. посевные площади овощных культур сократились на 29,3%, одновременно производство овощей за эти годы увеличилось на 26,5%, в том числе в с.-х. организациях на 44,7%, в крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйствах – в 9,7 раз, в хозяйствах населения производство сократилось на 6,7%. Рост валового объема производства овощей обеспечен за счет повышения урожайности на 20,3%. Положительную роль на увеличение производства овощной продукции сыграла отрасль семеноводства овощных культур. Наряду с формированием продовольственных ресурсов, высока роль отрасли овощеводства в повышении занятости сельского населения. Российский рынок овощных культур характеризуется преобладанием отечественных сортов, однако в посевах свеклы доля иностранных сортов преобладает. Отрасль семеноводства является приоритетной в системе формирования продовольственных ресурсов и обеспечения продовольственной безопасности страны.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Andreenkov, S.N., Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk (Russian Federation). Institute of History

Considered are the features of reorganization of agricultural enterprises and land use system in the Novosibirsk Region in the 1990s. This reform was the main direction of the agrarian transformations in the 1990s. Identified are the logic and consequences of the collective and state farms transformation into various forms of commercial enterprises (joint-stock companies, cooperatives, peasant farms and their associations) and features of the land redistribution. At the first stage of the reform (1991), the collective and state farm system of the Novosibirsk Region did not change, new forms of farms and land use just started to develop, and the size of subsidiary plots significantly increased. At the second stage of the reform (1992–1993), the reorganization of collective and state farms accelerated, a network of large commercial enterprises developed, and the number of peasant farms increased. However, the new organizational-economic system met the market economy standards only formally. The new agricultural joint-stock companies and cooperatives did not differ much from their predecessors – collective and state farms. Large farms remained the main supplier of agricultural products on the market although they worked in extremely unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, the role of small agrarian economies represented by peasant farm private subsidiary plots also increased. In the second half of 1990s in the agriculture of the region there were tendencies to stabilization, which was largely a result of realizing the anti-crises measures of the regional authorities. | Раскрываются особенности реорганизации системы с.-х. предприятий и землепользования, проведенной в Новосибирской области в 1990-е годы. Использованы данные изданий Новосибирского статистического управления, фондов Государственного архива Новосибирской области, законы, указы, постановления органов центральной и региональной власти, материалах областной газеты "Советская Сибирь". В ходе аграрных преобразований колхозы и совхозы были трансформированы в различные формы коммерческих предприятий (акционерные общества, кооперативы, крестьянско-фермерские хозяйства и их объединения), что сопровождалось перераспределением земельных ресурсов. Сделан вывод, что на первом этапе реформирования (1991 г.) колхозно-совхозная система Новосибирской области в целом оставалась в прежних параметрах. Новые формы хозяйствования и землепользования находились в зачаточном состоянии. Существенно расширились размеры личных подсобных хозяйств. На втором этапе (1992–1993 гг.) реорганизация колхозов и совхозов ускорилась, была сформирована сеть крупных коммерческих организаций, выросла численность крестьянско-фермерских хозяйств. Новая организационно-хозяйственная система отвечала стандартам рыночной экономики только по форме. Вновь созданные с.-х. акционерные общества и кооперативы мало чем отличались от своих предшественников – колхозов и совхозов. Крупные хозяйства оставались главными поставщиками аграрной продукции на рынок. Функционировали они в крайне неблагоприятных условиях, т.к. их материальная и кадровая база ощутимо сократилась. Выросла роль мелкотоварного сектора аграрной экономики, представленного крестьянско-фермерскими личными подсобными хозяйствами. Во второй половине 1990-х годов в сельском хозяйстве региона наметились тенденции к стабилизации, что во многом было результатом реализации антикризисных мер региональных властей.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Чемоданов, И.В.

В статье раскрывается роль политотделов МТС и совхозов в осуществлении массовой коллективизации в Вятском регионе. Выявляются трудности, попытки противодействия, с которыми сталкивались политотделы. Освещаются различные аспекты деятельности политотделов: помощь колхозному строительству, укрепление основ колхозной системы, ведение агитационно-пропагандистской и культурно-просветительной работы в колхозах. Автор приходит к выводу, что политотделы МТС и совхозов сыграли немаловажную роль в коренной реконструкции сельскохозяйственного производства Вятского региона.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2010

Bychkov, N.A., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Institute of System Studies in Agro - Industrial Complex

Uniform procedure and mechanics for transferring of enterprises as asset complexes for lease for the private industry were analyzed in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Monitoring of functioning efficiency of reorganized and sold enterprises as property complexes of agricultural organizations in the context of the current legislation shows that transition of the property right to property complexes of the agricultural organizations by their connection or sale to organizations-investors not in all cases has provided the achievement of objectives. Approximately about 20% of the so-called organizations-investors whose disposalproperty complexes of the agricultural organizations are given, today there were at a stage of the subsequent reorganization not only in the form of connection to other legal persons but also divisions, allocation. With the purpose of decreasing financial risk, formations of effective users and proprietors of the enterprises, creations of favorable conditions for business development, perfection of a control system, activization of investment activity are of interest to usage of property restructuring forms of the agricultural organizations within state-private partnership as transfer of the enterprises as property complexes to private business in long-term rent including with the subsequent right of the repayment.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2006

Kazakevich, A.,National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Economics, Minsk (Belarus). Centre of Agricultural Economics

The State Program on Village Recovery and Development for 2005 – 2010 in the Republic of Belarus stipulates for the development of 100-150 peasant and private farms equipped with highly productive machinery and equipment in each region of the Republic, promotes their cooperation with large-scale agricultural enterprises. Dynamic of farmlands (130 thousand) and production of the main agricultural products (1,5% of gross output of the national agricultural production) by the peasant and private farms is analyzed. Analysis of termination of farms activity on the basis unprofitable and insolvent agricultural enterprises is given. Dynamics of industrial and economic activity of peasant and private farms affiliating or renting marginally profitable, unprofitable and insolvent agricultural enterprises is stated. Analysis of changes of cereals yields, cattle productivity and yields of milk in peasant and private farms affiliating or renting marginally profitable, unprofitable and insolvent agricultural enterprises is given. Assessment of industrial and economic indices (quantity; farmlands; cadastral valuation; workers; generating capacity; cereals production; milk yields; cattle weight increment; prime costs; accounts receivable; accounts payable; salary; profitability level, etc.) of agricultural organizations and peasant and private farms affiliating or renting agricultural organizations is presented

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2004

Kazakevich, A.V. | Budkevich, E.I. | Artyushevskij, N.V.(Institute of Agricultural Economics, Minsk (Belarus))E-mail:agrecinst@mail.belpak.by

Analysis of development tendencies of private farms, large farms and privately owned subsidiary farms is presented. Realized in Belarus agrarian reforms promoted the development of individual sector where 50% of agricultural gross output is formed. Development of farms should be directed towards the creation of optimal in size of small bulk specializing enterprises, which are able to work effectively in the conditions of intensifying competition. In the future the major part of farms will be specializing on the production of vegetables, fruits and potato. Animal breeding farms will be specializing on pig and cattle production

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2000

Bober, V.S.

Structure of sowing areas and system of crop rotation (usage of perennial grasses) influences on regulation of balance of organic substance in a soil. The experience of fertilizers application in agrocomplex "Snov" is described in the article

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

1998

Yakovchik, N.S.

The unbalanced prices in agro-industrial complex is the reason why for already several years the main assets of the producers have not been invested in. Therefore the produce is not always available on the domestic and competitive on international markets. The problems of reforming the agricultural farms are also discussed in the article

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

1997

Filimonov, A. V

National Agricultural Library - United States of America

1994

Brigadin, I. F.

National Agricultural Library - United States of America