AGRIS - 

2016

Yakimovich,E.A.

В статье представлены результаты многолетних исследований по изучению динамики роста многолетних сорных растений в посевах ромашки аптечной (Matricaria chamomilla) и календулы лекарственной (Calendula officinalis). Определена биологическая и хозяйственная эффективность применения глифосатсодержащих гербицидов на полях, предназначенных под посев лекарственных культур. | In the article the results of many years researches on studying the dynamics of perennial weed plants growth in wild camomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and calendula (Calendula officinalis) crops are presented. The biological and economic efficiency of glyphosate-containing herbicides application in fields used for medicinal crops sowing is determined.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2016

Mialik,A.M.

The aim of this work is to assess the invasive potential of the adventive fraction of the flora of the Pripyat Polessye and to establish the features of the introduction, biological structure and origin of invasive species. The object of the study were invasive species of vascular plants noted in the flora of the Pripyat Polessye. The subject is their analysis, taking into account the time and manner of skidding to the territory of Belarus, the degree of naturalization and origin. 54 species are presented, the location of which is confirmed by literary sources, herbarium material and the results of author’s floristic studies. The analysis of invasive species is performed, taking into account the time and method of their introduction, the origin and degree of naturalization. The additional list of adventive species which have considerable invasive potential in the Pripyat Polessye is presented. The invasive species in the flora of the Pripyat Polessye represent less than 7% of the total number of adventive plant species and only about 3% of the total flora of the region. Among them are immigrants from the North America (50%) which deliberately had been brought by men as possible economically valuable plants, but subsequently ‘escaped’ from culture and managed to be well-naturalized and predominate. The greatest invasive potential is possessed by species growing at home in similar ecological and cenotic conditions, which allows them (together with abundant seed reproduction and high vegetative mobility) to actively spread in natural plant communities. In addition to the invasive species mentioned for Belarus, there were found species in the first stages of the invasive process (Ligustrum vulgare, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, etc.). We consider it expedient to include them in the list of species that require priority study and monitoring in order to prevent biological invasions. | Цель работы – оценка инвазионного потенциала адвентивной фракции флоры Припятского Полесья и установление особенностей заноса, биологической структуры и происхождения инвазионных видов. Объектом исследования являлись инвазионные виды сосудистых растений, отмеченные во флоре Припятского Полесья. Предмет – их анализ, учитывающий время и способ заноса на территорию Беларуси, степень натурализации и происхождение. Приводится список из 54 таксонов, местонахождения которых подтверждены литературными источниками, фондовыми гербарными материалами и результатами собственных флористических исследований. Выполнен анализ инвазионных видов, учитывающий время и способ их заноса, происхождение и степень натурализации. Приводится дополнительный перечень адвентивных видов, которые в условиях Припятского Полесья обладают значительным инвазионным потенциалом. Инвазионные виды во флоре Припятского Полесья представлены составляют менее 7 % от общего числа адвентивных видов растений и всего около 3 % от общего состава флоры данного региона. Среди них преобладают выходцы из Северной Америки (50 %), преднамеренно занесенные человеком в качестве возможных хозяйственно-ценных растений, но впоследствии ‘сбежавшие’ из культуры и сумевшие хорошо натурализоваться. Наибольшим инвазионным потенциалом обладают виды, произрастающие у себя на родине в схожих экологических и ценотических условиях, что позволяет им (вместе с обильным семенным размножением и высокой вегетативной подвижностью) активно распространяться в естественных растительных сообществах. Кроме инвазионных видов, указанных для Беларуси, на территории Припятского Полесья отмечены виды, находящиеся на первых стадиях инвазионного процесса (Ligustrum vulgare, Miscanthus sacchariflorus и др.). Считаем целесообразным их включение в перечень видов, которые требуют первоочередного изучения и мониторинга с целью предотвращения биологических инвазий.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2016

Yakimovich,E.A.

The specific composition and harmfulness of weed plants in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) crops in the Republic of Belarus is determined. The period of safe growing of weed plants in Calendula officinalis L. makes not more than a month from the moment of its sowing (till 3—4 pairs of the crop leaves formation stage) The competition with weeds for more prolonged period of time brings a reliable 63,2—71,1 % inflorescences yield deficiency. The maximum calendula seed yield losses from weeds can reach 91,2—98,0 %. | Установлен видовой состав и вредоносность сорных растений в посевах календулы лекарственной (Calendula officinalis L.) в Республике Беларусь. Период безопасного произрастания сорных растений в посевах календулы лекарственной составляет не более месяца с даты ее сева (до фазы формирования культурой 3—4 пар листьев). Конкуренция с сорняками более длительный период времени приводит к достоверному недобору 63,2—71,1 % урожая соцветий. Максимальные потери урожая семян календулы лекарственной от сорняков могут достигать 91,2—98,0 %.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Volchkevich,I.G. | Popov,F.A. | Kolyadko,N.N.

In a course of the research there was studied table carrot protection technology against noxious organisms. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in a production environment of Private Filial Joint Unitary Enterprise ‘Pro–Agrocenter’ in Stolbtsy district, Minsk region in the area of 3 hectares. As a result of research it was found that insufficient knowledge of structural changes in the pest in agrocoenosis of carrot and their injuriousness, and the lack of effective measures of pest control made difficult to conduct a successful protection of carrot (Daucus) and growth in the volume of its production. The evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of the developed technology of carrot protection against pests, diseases and weed plants in relation to base technology was presented. Its approbation under production conditions showed that the used protection means in the proposed technology provide with getting the preserved carrot root yield 19.2 cwt/ha with the profitability of production 147.5% against 107% – by base technology use. | Проведена оценка биологической и хозяйственно-экономической эффективности разработанной технологии защиты моркови от вредителей, болезней и сорных растений относительно базовой технологии. Ее апробация в производственных условиях показала, что применяемые средства защиты в предлагаемой технологии обеспечивают получение сохраненного урожая корнеплодов моркови 19,2 ц/га с рентабельностью производства 147,5 % против 107 % – при использовании базовой технологии.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Saskevich,P.A.

Приведены результаты исследований по сравнительной оценке эффективности различных схем защиты ярового рапса от сорных растений. Установлено, что гербицид Нопасаран, КС в посевах гибрида Сальса КЛ системы Клиафилд в норме расхода 1.0 л/га обладает высокой биологической, хозяйственной и экономической эффективностью и обеспечивает прибавку урожайности семян до 13.3 ц/га по отношению к контролю при уровне рентабельности 228.3%. Гербицид Нопасаран, КС обладает более широким спектром действия в сравнении с гербицидами Бутизан стар, КС и Теридокс, КЭ. Отличительной особенностью препарата является исключительно высокая эффективность в отношении крестоцветных сорняков и засорителей. Прибавка урожайности от применения препарата Нопасаран, КС составила 1.5-3.2 ц/га по сравнению с вышеупомянутыми препаратами. | In a course of the research there was studied comparative estimation of efficiency of different schemes of protection of spring rape (Brassica napus) from weeds. The research was realized in the conditions of the North-East part of the Republic of Belarus on a trial field of the Belarus Academy of Agriculture. As a result of realized research there was revealed that the herbicide Nopasaran KS in crops of hybrid Salsa KL of Kliafild system at a rate of 1.0 l/ha had a high biological and economic efficiency and provided seed yield increase up to 1.33 t/ha compared to control at the level of profitability of 228.3%. The herbicide Nopasaran KS had a broad spectrum of activity compared with the herbicides Butizan-star KS and Teridoks KE. A distinctive feature of the herbicide Nopasaran KS was extremely high effectiveness against cruciferous weeds. Productivity increase of the herbicide Nopasaran KS was 1.5-3.2 c/ha, compared with the above mentioned herbicides.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Yakimovich,E.A.

In a course of the research there was studied harmfulness of weed plants in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) crops. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2013–2014 on a trial field of the Institute of Plant Protection, Priluki (Belarus) on sod-podzolic light loamy soil. Predecessor were buckwheat (Fagopyrum) (2012) and medicinal plants (2013.). The fertilizers were applied in the calculation of N90P60K110 under spring cultivation. As a result of realized research there were revealed that the period of safe weed plants growing in calendula crops made not more than a month from the moment of its sowing (up to 3–4 pairs of leaves formation). Than the racemes yield decrease for 36.8–68.0 % was marked. The maximum calendula racemes yield losses from weeds could make 91.2–98.0%. Agrometeorological figures for the 2013-2014 growing season (according to agro meteorological station of Minsk) were presented. Dynamics of yield of calendula with a joint growth of weeds (field experiment, Institute of Plant Protection in 2013-2014) was shown. | Период безопасного произрастания сорных растений в посевах календулы лекарственной (Calendula officinalis L.) составляет не более месяца со времени ее посева (до фазы формирования культурой 3–4 пар листьев). Затем отмечается снижение урожайности ее соцветий на 36,8–68,0 %. Максимальные потери урожая соцветий календулы лекарственной от сорняков могут достигать 91,2–98,0 %.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Petrashkevich,N.V. | Zayats,M.F.

За период 2011 – 2014 гг. изучено содержание остаточных количеств действующих веществ 7 протравителей, 6 гербицидов, 7 фунгицидов и 2 инсектицидов, используемых в защите зерновых культур. Установлено, что соблюдение рекомендуемых сроков ожидания, норм и кратности обработок обеспечивает получение урожая с содержанием остаточных количеств действующих веществ пестицидов, не превышающим максимально допустимый уровень. | In a course of the research there were studied pesticide residues in cereal crops after application of means of chemical protection. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2011-2014. As a result of research it was found that the development of regulations on the basis of studies on the behavior and content of pesticide residues in grain spike, grain and straw at harvest use of drugs requires careful consideration and study of the factors influencing the content of residual amounts of drugs recommended in the product. The content of the residual amounts of active substances of 7 seed treatment products, 6 herbicides, 7 fungicides and 2 insecticides was studied after their application in the protection system of cereal crops for the period 2011–2014 years. It was found that compliance with the recommended waiting time, the norms and the multiplicity of treatments provides obtaining of crop yield with the content of the residual quantities of active substances of applied pesticides, not exceeding the maximum permissible level.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Bulavina,T.M. | Chechetkin,Y.M.

In a course of the research there was studied the effect of herbicides and growth regulators on weediness and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) crops. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus on crops of sugar beet in Nesvizh district of Minsk region in 2012-2014 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. As a result of realized research it was revealed that the efficiency of the application of the growth regulators depended on weather conditions during the conducting of crop chemical weeding. On average for the period of the researches, the highest beet-root yield and estimated sugar yield were obtained when using Betanal Max pro and Goltix herbicides together with hydrohumate preparation (52.3 t/ha) and triple application of potassium humate (52.1 t/ha) or Black Jack (51.2 t/ha) at calculated output of sugar 8.7-8.8 t/ha.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Piliuk,Y.E. | Pikun,O.A. | Khramchenko,S.Y. | Bakanovskaya,A.V.

In a course of the research there was studied the effect of pre- and post-emergence application of such herbicide as Butisun Star SC, Nimbus CS, and Pronit EC on crop weediness and leaf mustard oilseed yield. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus on a trial field of the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Arable Farming, Zhodino (Belarus). As a result of realized research it was revealed that biological efficiency of these herbicides at the pre-emergence application was 87.1- 97.6% in terms of weed number and 88.2-99.4% in terms of their weight. The post-emergence application provided lower values of these parameters such as 71.8-88.7 and 86.8-93.5%, respectively. So, the pre-emergence use gave the yield increase of the oilseeds 1.5 times higher than the post-emergence use.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Iovik,L.N.

In a course of the research there was studied the application of biogas residue as organic fertilizer. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in the Institute of Plant Protection, Priluki, Minsk region. The ability to use of biogas residue as organic fertilizer was reviewed. The fertilizer effect of biogas residue determined by available nutrients and other factors (e.g. weed seeds, helminthes and pathogens). As a result of research it was revealed that fermented waste of biogabasic facilities was a liquid organic fertilizer with a high quantity of nutrients in an easily accessible form for plants, greatly refined from pathogens and weeds. Application of effluent decreased the phytopathogenic load on the soil, partial replacing of use of expensive chemical fertilizers. Due to the active construction of biogas plants in recent years in the Republic Belarus to the public and, consequently, increase the number of formed fermented waste of biogas production, it was necessary to continue to study the effect of the effluent on the soil properties, yield and quality crops.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus