AGRIS - 

2013

Ulit'ko, V.Е. | Еrisanova, О.Е. | Pykhtina, L.А., Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy

In two series of experiments (SE) laying hens were fed with accordance with the norms of all-Russian research and technological institute of poultry. In addition to all mash chickens of experimental group were fed with siliceous supplements, at the dose of 30 kg/g in the first series of experiments Коrethron at a dose of 30 kg per tonne of all mash and in the second - Biokorethron-Forte. It decreased its microbial contamination in 2,93 and 3,32 times, and acid-banding abilityfrom 8.0 to 6.0 and 5.0 units, which created in the gastrointestinal tract reaction of an environment conducive to enhance the development of lactobifidobacteria and simultaneously depressing reproduction of enteropathogenic microorganisms. This reduced the toxicological impact on the body, increased the viability of chickens and allowed to fully make use of their biological resources by level of digestive activity and productivity. The intensity of the egg production of hens in 1th SE amounted to 78.91%, and in the 2nd SE - 86.03% against 78.04 and 82.28% in the control groups. Siliceous supplements improved category of eggs and their composition. There is the increase of content of dry substances in it by 4,83 and the 8.88%, weight of a protein, egg yolks, egg shells, and its thickness. There is the improvement of vitamin and amino acid value, with a substantial reduction of heavy metals, i.e. their commodity and food value have increased. These facts suggest that the eggs of experimental groups are most profitable for the production of egg products. During daily processing 100 ths. these eggs 90 kg may be additionally produced according to the 1 SE, and 163 kg of egg powder according to the 2nd SE. Speaking by the composition of feed microbiocenosis and digestive tract, the use of the studied preparations in feeding technology of laying hens can serve as an alternative to the use of antibiotics and to increase the safety of livestock and quality of poultry products. | В 2 сериях опытов (СО) кур-несушек кормили полнорационными комбикормами. Курам опытных групп в дополнение к комбикорму скармливали кремнистые биодобавки в дозе 30 кг/т: в 1-й СО "Коретрон", а во 2-й - "Биокоретрон-форте". Это понизило его микробную контаминацию в 2,93 и 3,32 раза, а кислотосвязывающую способность - с 8,0 до 6,0 и 5,0 единиц, что создавало в желудочно-кишечном тракте реакцию среды, благоприятную для усиления развития лактобифидобактерий и одновременно угнетающую размножение энтеропатогенных микроорганизмов. Это снизило токсикологическую нагрузку на организм, повысило жизнеспособность кур и позволило наиболее полно реализовать их биологические ресурсы по уровню пищеварительной деятельности и продуктивности. Интенсивность яйценоскости несушек в 1-й СО составила 78,91%, а во 2-й СО - 86,03% против 78,04 и 82,28% в контрольных группах. На 1 кг яйцемассы и образования 10 яиц куры в 1-й СО затрачивали на 4,06 и 1,32%, а во2-й СО - на 9,87 и 4,95% меньше комбикорма. Кремнистые биодобавки улучшили категорию яиц и их состав. Отмечено увеличение в них содержания сухих веществ на 4,83 и 8,88%, массы белка, желтка, скорлупы яиц и её толщины. Улучшилась их витаминная и аминокислотная ценность, при существенном снижении содержания тяжелых металлов, то есть повысилась их товарная и пищевая ценность. Эти факты убеждают, что яйца кур опытных групп наиболее выгодны для производства яйцепродуктов. При ежедневной переработке 100 тыс. этих яиц можно дополнительно получить по 1-й СО 90 кг, а по 2-й СО - 163 кг яичного порошка. Судя по составу микробиоценоза кормов и пищеварительного тракта, применение исследованных препаратов в технологии кормления кур-несушек может служить альтернативой использованию антибиотиков и способствовать повышению сохранности поголовья и качества продукции птицеводства.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Kletikova, L.V.

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Irza, V.N. | Sprygin, A.V., Federal Centre for Animal Health, Yurievets

For the first time, the viral agent of hepatitis splenomegaly syndrome – hepatitis E virus (avian hepatitis E virus, aHEV) in laying hens from broilers' parental flock at one of broiler plants of the RF, has been identified by the use of RT-PCR (reverse transcription — polymerase chain reaction). During 2009-2010 postmortem examination was done and a PCR-analysis of liver and bile samples from laying hens having signs hepatitis splenomegaly showing a reduction in egg-laying capacity and high mortality. The postmortem picture of liver was typical for viral hepatitis E. When performing a PCR-test only primers of ORF2 capsid protein gene gave a positive result and of aHEV helicase gene – a negative result. The sequence analysis of DNA fragment using a forward primer and reverse primer of ORF2 gene confirmed positive results of amplification. An analysis of the constructed dendrogram that the detected aHEV isolate designated as aHEV16050 falls under none of genetic groups represented in it. The aHEV16050 had genetic homology comparison with analogous sequences from GenBank database (NCBI) for ORF2 aHEV gene of 61.6-78.6 %. Thus, in the RF avian hepatitis E virus was identified for the first time which is urgent for differential diagnostics in the conditions of poultry farms (Marek's disease, leucosis, and adenovirus infections). | Впервые с помощью ОТ-ПЦР идентифицирован возб. синдрома большой печени и селезенки вирус гепатита Е кур (avian hepatitis E virus, aHEV) у кур-несушек родительского стада на одной из бройлерных птицефабрик РФ. В течение 2009-2010 гг. проводились патанатомические исследования и ПЦР-анализ образцов печени и желчи от кур-несушек с признаками гепато- и спленомегалии, у которых отмечалось снижение яйценоскости и повышенная смертность. Патологоанатомическая картина печени была характерна для вирусного гепатита Е. При проведении ПЦР положительный результат дали только праймеры на ген капсидного белка ORF 2 и отрицательный на ген хеликазы aHEV. Положительные результаты амплификации подтвердило секвенирование с использованием прямого и обратного праймеров на ген ORF2. Анализ построенной дендрограммы показал, что обнаруженный изолят aHEV, обозначенный как aHEV16050, не вошел ни в одну из генетических групп, представленных в ней. У aHEV 16050 генетическая гомология по последовательностям из GenBank для гена ORF2 aHEV составила 61,6-78,6%. Таким образом, впервые генетически идентифицирован вирус гепатита E кур, что актуально при проведении дифференциальной диагностики в условиях птицефабрик (болезнь Марека, лейкозы, аденовирусные инфекции).

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2012

Barikhina, M.Yu. | Shatskikh, E.V., Ural State Agricultural Academy, Ekaterinburg

The feed additive Hydrolaktiv with probiotic effect. was put into the diet of chickens of parent form line SD cross Highsex Brown. Chickens of the control group received the basic diet, which included the probiotic Vetom — 0.5 mg per head per day from 10 to 21 days of breeding. Chickens of the experimental group were fed by Hydrolaktiv instead of Vetom, in the amount of 0.7% of the total diet per head daily. The each group consisted of 84 cheads. of A positive impact of the feed additive Hydrolaktiv on growth and development of replacement chickens. was found out. Thus, in the 22-days of age chickens of the experimental group surpassed live weight of analogues in the control group by 20%, and when young growth were transferred to parent flock (aged 98 days), this indicator in hens of the experimental group surpassed the control by 13%. The homogeneity of chickens of the experimental group on live weight was 75%, in the control group it was 70%. Preservation of chickens of both experimental groups throughout the reference period was the same — 100%. Short-term use of the additives had a positive impact on the productive indicators of experienced laying hens, compared with the control group, by ensuring a higher egg production, an earlier onset of oviposition (5 days), earlier achievement 5–25–50% level productivity. Overall, during the experiment (42 weeks) in the experimental group was obtained 143 eggs, in control — 139, (the difference was 2%). Feed consumption, due to the higher egg production by 10 eggs at 42 weeks in the experimental group was 1.2 fodder units versus 1.3 fodder units on the controls. Poultry of the experimental group had no significant effect on the morphological and chemical quality of eggs. At the same time, there is a tendency to an increase of egg weight, egg shell thickness, the content of vitamins A, C and carotenoids. Thus, the inclusion of the feed additive Hydrolaktiv in the diet of replacement chickens and laying hens promotes improvement of growth processes and productive indicators of poultry. | Кормовая добавка на основе молочной сыворотки с пробиотическим эффектом "Гидролактив" была включена в рацион цыплят родительской формы линии СД кросса "Хайсекс Браун". Цыплята контрольной группы получали основной рацион, в состав которого с 10 по 21 дни выращивания был включен пробиотик "Ветом" (0,5 мг/гол./сут). В опытной группы вместо "Ветома" цыплята получали "Гидролактив" в количестве 0,7% от общего рациона на голову в сутки. Каждая группа насчитывала 84 гол. Выявлено положительное влияние "Гидролактива" на рост и развитие ремонтного молодняка птицы. Так, в возрасте 22 дн. цыплята опытной группы превосходили живую массу аналогов контрольной группы на 20%, а при переводе молодняка в родительское стадо (в возрасте 98 дн.), данный показатель у курочек опытной группы опережал контроль на 13%. Однородность цыплят опытной группы по живой массе составляла 75%, в контрольной группе – 70%. Сохранность цыплят обеих групп на протяжении учетного периода была одинаковой — 100%. Кратковременное использование добавки оказало положительное влияние на продуктивные показатели опытных кур-несушек, по сравнению с контрольными, обеспечив, более высокую яйценоскость, более раннее начало яйцекладки (на 5 сут), более раннее достижение 5–25–50% уровня продуктивности. В целом за период опыта (42 нед.) было получено на начальную несушку в опытной группе 143 шт. яиц, в контрольной — 139 шт. (разница 2%). Расход корма, в связи с более высокой яйценоскостью на 10 яиц за 42 недели был в опытной группе 1,2 корм. ед. против 1,3 корм. ед. в контроле. По морфологическии и химическим качествам яйца птиц опытной группы не отличались от контрольных, однако, прослеживалась тенденция к увеличению массы яйца, толщины скорлупы яиц, содержания витаминов А, В и каротиноидов. Таким образом, включение кормовой добавки "Гидролактив" в рацион ремонтного молодняка и кур-несушек способствует улучшению ростовых процессов и продуктивных показателей птицы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2011

Gushchin, V.V. | Sokolova, L.A. | Mikhnevich, L.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Poultry Processing Industry, Moscow Region

There was studied early post-slaughter autolysis in laying hen carcasses and possibly reducing the muscular tissue strength by different methods of technological impact. There were studied poultry carcasses having weight of 1200+-100 g within the time range of 30 min to 4-6 h since no-cooling slaughter (at t 10 degrees C) and after droplet cooling (carcass temperature is 4-6 degrees C)) and also injected with a curing mixture. As is observed, the pH value of femoral muscles since the slaughter time and throughout 24 h of autolysis was higher the pH of chest muscles, that ism, their maturing proceeds slower. Cooling carcasses inhibits the process of meat maturing. Using laying hen meat is possible already 4-6 h after slaughter, that is, by this time postmortem rigidity ends, and in the process of curing maturation will start and take place. To reduce meat rigidity collagenolytic enzyme of microbic origin was used. A lactic acid was chosen as a tenderizing agent. The skin cut strength pretreated with lactic acid and boiled reduced 3 times compared to the untreated samples. The bacterial number of the experimental samples of crude skin was actually twice lower than of the untreated one. These processing technologies of muscular tissue and carcasses of laying hens are used for manufacturing baked and smoked-cooked products from hen meat. An organoleptic evaluation observed good consistency of both skin and hen meat wrapped in it, attractive appearance, pleasant taste, sufficient juiciness and solidity of a product. The economic effect of putting the technology into production is 15.6 thousand rub per 1 ton of products | Изучали автолиз в тушках кур-несушек на ранних сроках после убоя и возможности снижения прочности мышечной ткани различными способами технологического воздействия. Исследовали тушки птицы массой 1200+-100 г в интервале времени от 30 мин до 4-6 ч с момента убоя без охлаждения (при t 16 град. C) и после воздушно-капельного охлаждения (температура тушек 4-6 град. C), а также инъецированных посолочной смесью с использованием тендеризующих средств. Отмечено, что величина pH бедренных мышц от момента убоя и на протяжении 24 ч автолиза оставалась выше, чем pH грудных мышц, т.е. их созревание протекало медленнее. Охлаждение тушек затормаживает процесс созревания мяса. Согласно данным, использование мяса кур-несушек возможно уже спустя 4-6 ч после убоя, т.к к этому времени заканчивается посмертное окоченение, а в процессе посола начнется и будет проходить созревание. Для снижения жесткости мяса использовали коллагенолитический фермент микробного происхождения, а в качестве тендеризующего средства - молочную кислоту. Напряжение среза кожи, предварительно обработанной молочной кислотой и подвергнутой варке (40 мин при t 75-78 град. C), уменьшилось в 3 раза по сравнению с необработанными образцами. Бактериальная обсемененность опытных образцов сырой кожи была практически на 2 порядка ниже необработанной. Данные технологии обработки мышечной ткани и кожи тушек кур-несушек использованы при выработке запеченной и копчено-вареной продукции из мяса кур. При органолептической оценке рулетов отмечены хорошая консистенция как кожи, так и завернутого в нее куриного мяса, привлекательный внешний вид, приятный вкус, достаточная сочность и монолитность продукта. Экономический эффект от внедрения технологии в производство составляет 15,6 тыс. руб. на 1 т продукции

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Spiridonov, A.A. | Murashova, E.V., Co Ltd Scientific Production Company "Tekhgeoservis"

Insufficient entry of iodine into human body is the most important worldwide problem. Currently control of iodine deficiency is globally coordinated by the International Council for Iodine Deficiency Diseases Control. It is recommended to enrich salt, oil, bread, animal products in iodine. Minimum, maximum and optimum of iodine present in eggs are 10, 70, 50 microgram/egg, respectively, in milk – 20, 500 and 200 microgram/l. An innovative method is offered to enrich animal products in iodine by means of a modern iodine-polymeric medical agent for animals Monklavite-1. Iodine composed by Monklavite-1 is in a stable form, an amount of the preparation for iodination is minor. Introducing iodine compounds into feeds or water supply system allows avoiding the iodine deficiency in animal nutrition, improving their integrity, increasing the body gain, raising the amount of anima; products. The economic efficiency of agriculture grows. The process of enriching animal products in iodine is controllable allowing obtaining products with predetermined content of iodine. For the production of iodized eggs containing iodine 50 microgram/egg, it is proposed Monklavite-1 in an amount of 0.175 ml/day/head. For the production of iodized milk containing iodine 200 microgram/l, it is required 36 ml/day. The amount of iodine coming into animal bodies for the production of iodized products is safe for animal health

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2010

Negreeva, A.N. | Tret'yakova, E.N.

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Perepelkina, L.I.

In the Coastal Amur area a lot of compound feeds contain home-grown feedstuffs; therefore nutrient deficiency for poultry is observed. The main research aim is to study selenium content in soil, feedstuffs and in an animal organism and to substantiate the using of Se in poultry feeding in the conditions of the Coastal Amur. It is found out that Se content varies from 0.032 to 0.132 milligram/kg in an arable layer of the all types of agricultural soils in the Amur Region, that is below the average meaning over Russia by 81.3%. In feed crops Se content depends on its amount in the soils and it varies from 0.002 (in cereals) to 0.033 mg/kg (in legumes). Na selenite or organic Se-containing substances have been included in compound feed composition for chickens and laying hens. The optimal rates for this are determined as 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mg/kg for chickens aged of 8-14 weeks, 15-20 weeks and laying hens respectively. Organic Se-containing (OSE) compounds (Se methionine and Se-enriched soyabean protein -SSP) increase protein and fat digestibility and do not influence on cellulose digestibility in compare with mineral ones of Se. The OSE compounds have a positive effect on morphological and biochemical blood composition, increase weight gain of chickens and egg productivity of laying hens. The economic effect of hen feeding by Se methionine has been 6574.1 and the one by SSP has been 11646.8 rubles, that is 0.11 and 0.19 rubles per head daily respectively

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Avakova, A. | Kovalev, Yu., North-Caucasian Research and Development Inst. of Livestock Breeding, Krasnodar

At 2 poultry yards with capacity of 30 thousand laying hens an experiment was undertaken to study the bioresonance effect on 18-week-old poultry (experimental poultry yard, EPY) to obtain eggs of high biological value by activating the assimilation by poultry of a microelement complex from food. At the EPY hens received a vitamin-mineral complex Lifepac senior (produced in France) treated with electromagnetic radiation. At the control poultry yard (CPY) this method was not used. The first egg collection was conducted from hens at the age of 28 weeks, the second one – at the age of 3-4 weeks and the third one – at the age of 52 weeks. The keeping and feeding conditions at the two poultry yards were the same. The contents of water, protein, fat in the eggs of CPY and EPY were practically the same, but the level of microelements in the EPY eggs was higher than in CPY eggs. It was observed so as to maintain high level of microelements in eggs it is required to a bioresonance effect throughout the egg laying period. So, the level of manganese in eggs of EPY and CPY at week 52 was 0.024 and 0.003 mg%, iron – 3.74 and 1.48 mg%, zinc – 1.23 and 0.87 mf%, copper – 0.078 and 0.069 mg%, respectively. The transition of microelements from food into eggs also was % to the control: iron – 2.55, manganese – 10.0, zinc – 1.44, copper – 1.35, potassium – 1.33, calcium – 1.05, phosphorus – 1.15, sodium – 1.16. Thus, the bioresonance method for keeping laying hens makes it possible to obtain food eggs of the desired chemical composition

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2009

Lebedev, S.V.

The thesis presents the results of experimental researches aiming al the study of element and energy exchange in hen bodies at different nutrient provision. The influence of different levels of nutrition on nutriment conversion and peculiarities of mineral exchange of broiler chickens is described. Some activities for optimization of mineral nutrition of broiler chickens are suggested. The influence of short-term inclusion of chemical elements in chickens ration on morphological and functional condition and chemical composition of hen reproduction organs has been theoretically and practically investigated. The influence of probiotic, ferment and antibiotic medicines in different combinations on food conversion and element status was evaluated. The fact of depression of those medicines of essential and toxic element exchange was established. The peculiar features of substance exchange of hens in different periods of life were revealed when a complex of essential elements was introduced in their ration. Multi-element analysis gave an opportunity to make a diapason of chemical elements concentration in hen bodies

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation