AGRIS - 

2020

Sacramento, N.J.J.E. | Geges, D.B.

Producers' cooperative, with the local government unit (LGU), civil society organizations (CSOs), and community groups play a critical role in local economic development. This case study identifies Guimaras Mango Growers and Producers Development Cooperative's (GMGPDC) roles in the agro-eco-tourism development of a mango farming industry in the Philippines. The study used key informant interviews, and group discussions with cooperative members, officers, and local government officials to elicit the roles of GMGPDC in agro-eco-tourism development. The study explains cooperative initiatives towards mango farming, and agro-eco-tourism development that are vital to the local economy. It also highlights cooperative empowerment, inclusiveness, and collaboration as values forged within the multi-stakeholder dynamics central to attaining agro-eco-tourism development. At the same time, it also captures internal, and external challenges concerning the cooperative that needs substantive attention. This study emphasizes the essentiality of organizing cooperatives to represent a more people-oriented organization; thus, addressing concerns over elites overtaking local industries, and agro-eco-tourism development. Expanding the collaboration with LGU, CSOs, and community groups is crucial to forging inclusive, and empowering steps and actions central to the mission. Lastly, the study provides recommendations to the GMGPDC, LGU, CSOs, and community groups that can help further address agro-eco-tourism development challenges.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2020

Surio, J.M.R.

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2020

Lacson, S.P.

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2020

Anon

University Library, University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2020

Kostyaev, A.I., St. Petersburg Inst. of Informatics and Automation

There are considered the problems of development of rural territories through the prism of their place in the unified resettlement system "city-village" (UES). The indicators of the dynamics of the number, age structure and demographic load of the rural population are used. The types of rural territories are distinguished: 1. In the zone of influence of urban agglomerations; 2. In municipal areas with centers in cities; 3. In municipal areas with centers in urban-type settlements (urban settlements); 4. In urban districts; 5. In municipal areas with centers in the villages. Significant differences in demographic indicators between different types of rural territories are established. Identified trends and structural shifts in the distribution of the rural population are revealed. It is shown that rural territories in the zone of influence of urban agglomerations have high growth rates of the rural population, and in municipal areas with centers in villages and urban settlements – low ones. The dependence of the rural population growth rate on the population of the centers of resettlement systems has been established. Differences between rural areas of various types in the age structure of the population and the demographic burden of the able-bodied were revealed. The generation of the UES allowed determining the place in rural areas in the system of spatial development. It is concluded that the spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 creates favorable conditions for development in rural areas in the zone of influence of urban agglomerations. For the remaining rural areas, a negative "backward wave" effect should be expected. Insurance of this risk is offered by moving to the endogenous paradigm of rural development. | Рассмотрены проблемы развития сельских территорий через призму их места в единой системе расселения "город-село" (ЕСР). Использованы показатели динамики численности, возрастной структуры и демографической нагрузки сельского населения. Выделены типы сельских территорий: 1. В зоне влияния городских агломераций; 2. В муниципальных районах с центрами в городах; 3. В муниципальных районах с центрами в поселках городского типа (ПГТ); 4. В городских округах; 5. В муниципальных районах с центрами в селах. Установлены существенные различия в демографических показателях между различными типами сельских территорий. Выявлены тенденции и структурные сдвиги в распределении сельского населения. Показано, что сельские территории в зоне влияния городских агломераций имеют высокие темпы роста численности сельского населения, а в муниципальных районах с центрами в селах и ПГТ – низкие. Установлена зависимость темпов роста сельского населения от людности центров систем расселения. Выявлены различия между сельскими территориями различных типов в возрастной структуре населения и демографической нагрузке трудоспособных. Выделение ЕСР позволили определить сельским территориям место в системе пространственного развития. Сделан вывод, что стратегия пространственного развития Российской Федерации до 2025 г. создает благоприятные условия развития для сельских территорий в зоне влияния городских агломераций. Для остальных сельских территорий следует ожидать отрицательного эффекта "обратной волны". Страхование этого риска предлагается путем перехода к эндогенной парадигме сельского развития.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Bondarenko, L.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Economics, Moscow

The levels of social development of urban and rural territories in such areas as employment and unemployment, incomes and poverty level, living conditions, social engineering and road transportation infrastructure, demographic processes were compared. It is shown that the employment level of able-bodied population (15-72 years) in city and town and in village since с 2010 till 2019 has increased from 64.4 and 57.8% to 67.0 and 58.4%, and the unemployment level has reduced from 5.3 and 10.6 to 3.9 and 6.9%, respectively. The available resources per capita of rural and urban households over this period increased from 10128.6 and 16265.1 to 20360.8 and 31931.9 rub/month, а соотношение между нимиand the ration between them ranged from 60.0 (2013) to 67.3 (2017) and in 2019 was 63.8%. The nominal calculated wages of workers in all economics over this period rose from 20925 to 47867, and in agriculture - from 10195 to 28524 rub/month, and the ratio with the average Russian level increased from 48.7 to 59.6%. The share of the poor in urban and rural areas from 2013 till 2015 rose from 5.2 and 22.0 to 8.4 and 27.1%, and by 2018 reduced up to 7.1 and 22%. Over the same period the share of rural population in the total population of the country reduced from 25.8 to 25.4%, and the share of the poor living in rural areas - from 59.6 to 51.4%. The share of rural locations that are in complete transport isolation in 2018 was 27.7%. The share of high-, mean-, low-developed and depressive territories in 2018 was 17.3; 29.6; 43.2 and 9.9%, respectively. Thus, it is shown that currently between town and country deep social and economic differences are maintained. To provide sustainable, dynamic development of rural territories and to achieve the qualitative equivalence in the condition of rural and urban territorial subsystems in the social and economic space of the RF, it is required to strengthen the legal foundations and to improve the organizational and economic mechanisms of rural development. | Проведено сравнение уровней социального развития городских и сельских территорий по таким направлениям как занятость и безработица, доходы и уровень бедности, жилищные условия, социальная, инженерная и дорожно-транспортная инфраструктура, демографические процессы. Показано, что уровень занятости трудоспособного населения (15 лет - 72 года) в городе и на селе с 2010 г. по 2019 г. возрос с 64,4 и 57,8% до 67,0 и 58,4%, а уровень безработицы снизился с 5,3 и 10,6 до 3,9 и 6,9% соответственно. Среднедушевые располагаемые ресурсы сельских и городских домохозяйств за этот срок возросли с 10128,6 и 16265,1 до 20360,8 и 31931,9 руб./мес., а соотношение между ними колебалось от 60,0 (2013 г.) до 67,3 (2017 г.) и в 2019 г. составило 63,8%. Номинальная начисленная заработная плата работников по всей экономике за этот период возросла с 20925 до 47867, а в сельском хозяйстве – с 10195 до 28524 руб./мес., при этом соотношение с среднероссийским уровнем возросло с 48,7 до 59,6%. Доля малоимущих в городе и на селе с 2013 г. по 2015 г. возросла с 5,2 и 22,0 до 8,4 и 27,1%, а к 2018 г. снизилась до 7,1 и 22%. За этот же период доля сельского населения в общем населении страны снизилась с 25,8 до 25,4%, а доля малоимущих, проживающих на селе, - с 59,6 до 51,4%. Доля сельских населенных пунктов, находящихся в полной транспортной изоляции в 2018 г. составила 27,7%. Доля высоко-, средне-, низко развитых и депрессивных территорий в 2018 г. составляла 17,3; 29,6; 43,2 и 9,9% соответственно. Т. о., показано, что в настоящее время между городом и селом сохраняются глубокие социально-экономические различия. Для обеспечения устойчивого, динамичного развития сельских территорий и достижения качественной эквивалентности в состоянии сельских и городских территориальных подсистем в социально-экономическом пространстве РФ необходимо укрепление законодательных основ и совершенствование организационно-экономических механизмов сельского развития.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Fadeeva, O.P. | Nefedkin, V.I., Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk (Russian Federation). Institute of Economics and Organisation of Industrial Production

Local self-government in Russia has seriously degraded in the last decades. The strengthening power vertical and the centralized budgetary policy minimized the ability of rural administrations to finance the construction of social infrastructure facilities. The existing mechanisms and practices of public-private and municipal-private partnerships aim at implementing large projects rather than at contributing to the rural development. The data from the 2018 field research show that the weakening of local self-government is partially restrained by the increased activity of rural residents. For instance, local entrepreneurs spend their money on building schools with the support of local authorities. Based on the regional and ethnic differences in the stories from the Tatar village in the Volga Region and the Russian village in Siberia, the authors identify some common features of projects from below and analyze both their reasons and motives of entrepreneurs in different regions. Such cases of public-private partnerships 'not by the rules' should not be considered charity: they have various motives hidden in the relations between the authorities, business and rural population, and they are a result of informal agreements, in which mutual obligations of the participants are not legally set but are demonstrative manifestations of the local identity and of the intention to keep the traditional order. | Институт местного самоуправления в России медленно, но верно деградировал в течение последних 15 лет. Ревизия федерального законодательства в направлении усиления вертикали власти и централизации бюджетных ресурсов практически свели к минимуму возможности сельских администраций финансировать строительство объектов социальной инфраструктуры. Существующие механизмы и практики государственно-частного и муниципально-частного партнерства в основном нацелены на крупные проекты и практически не работают на развитие сельских территорий. Как показали кейсы, обнаруженные в ходе экспедиций 2018 г., ослабление местного самоуправления отчасти компенсируется ростом активности сельских жителей, которые все в большей степени участвуют в решении насущных проблем своих поселений. В частности, предприниматели за свои деньги при содействии местных властей возводят школы и примыкающие к ним объекты. Несмотря на региональную и этническую специфику историй, исследованных в татарском селе одного из регионов Поволжья и в русском селе в Сибири, обнаруживаются общие черты инициируемых снизу проектов. Авторы анализируют причины появления таких кейсов в разных регионах и специфическую мотивацию сельских предпринимателей. Исследуемые случаи государственно-частного партнерства «не по правилам» не следует считать простой благотворительностью. За этими поступками стоят разнообразные мотивы, раскрыть которые можно только в контексте отношений между властью, бизнесом и населением. Каждый такой кейс появляется как результат неформального договора, в котором взаимные обязательства участников юридически не закреплены и являются демонстративным проявлением локальной и религиозной идентичности и намерений сторон следовать традиционному порядку.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Zavadskiy, V., Almaty Univ. of Power Engineering and Telecommunication

This manuscript presents an overview of the difficulties and problems with the development of the renewable energy sources in the rural regions of Kazakhstan. At the beginning a brief overview of the available renewables and their potential evaluation based on the publicly available tools in the rural regions of Kazakhstan is presented. Problems of the development of the renewable energy facilities in the rural regions can be divided into two groups: organizational and technical. The first group is more connected with renewable energy (RES) development programs and strategies. Kazakhstan’s programs and strategies for the renewables development, their benefits and lacks are analysed in the paper as well. One of the most important technical issues with the renewable energy development and wide application in rural regions can be identified as a grid connection barrier and unit commitment problem. The origin of this problem is based on the nature of the renewable energy facilities – variable generation. The technical solutions of the problem are analysed in the article and can be classified into three groups: precise choosing of the type of the renewable energy facility; using electrical energy storage systems; solving the unit commitment problem and overcome grid connection barriers. We showed that there is a possibly of a significant growth of the renewable energy development and production in the rural area of Kazakhstan and there are several ways of breaking the “wall” of technical issues.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2020

Chekmarev, O., Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian Univ.

Sustainable rural development implies balancing of economic, social and environmental factors affecting quality of life. Achieving sustainable development is impossible without ensuring access of rural communities to uninterrupted and cost-effective supply of energy. High-quality socio-economic infrastructure for rural areas implies constant physical and economic access of households to energy resources. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for economically and environmentally efficient energy supply to the rural population. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved. Firstly, the environmental and economic advantages of using gas as a source of energy supply to the rural population are revealed. Secondly, calculations and comparative analysis of various gas supply options are carried out to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. Thirdly, cost-effective gas supply options are substantiated, depending on the characteristics of the population distribution. The article examines comparative efficiency of connections of rural communities to sources of gas supply against other methods of energy supply in rural areas. The analysis is made for purposes of regional planning for building a sustainable energy supply system for rural communities and does not provide for studying use of gas by non-household customers. The analysis takes into account settlement patterns of rural communities, economic and environmental factors, as well as the risks of ensuring the uninterrupted supply of necessary energy resources. Comparative advantages and disadvantages of connections to distribution pipelines vs. use of gasholders are evaluated. The paper analyses one of the regions of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2020

Kaufmane, D., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava

Cooperation and research on related issues in the tourism sector is still topical as virtually no new tourism offer is possible without cooperation. This has been confirmed by previous studies. However, in the context of community initiatives, cooperation in tourism has not been analysed very much. The aim of the paper is to analyse community cooperation in rural tourism development on the basis of content analysis of the LEADER projects and previous studies on collaboration. Cooperation is based on the understanding and exchange of information facilitated by existing and new forms of common actions between public and private actors. The results reveal that community cooperation for the development of rural tourism in Latvia can be seen as structural with the Rural Support Service as a central actor, which is responsible for the uniform implementation of the state’s and European Union’s support policy in Latvia, monitors compliance with agricultural legislation and regulates the conditions of all involved. At regional level, cooperation is coordinated by rural partnerships and governed by their strategies that set clear objectives for local action in communities.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia