AGRIS - 

2024

Мухаметзянов В.С.

В процессе подготовки для посева семян хвойных пород проводится их сортировка, которая предусматривает разделение семян, как по размерам, так и по массе. Эта операция оказывает существенное влияние на качество выращиваемого посадочного материала и создаваемых лесных культур. Особенно важно обеспечить равномерное посевное распределение семян в посевных строчках, особенно при использовании укрупненного посадочного материала без пересадки, а также при производстве посадочного материала с закрытой корневой системой. Поэтому оценка влияния сортировки семян на их посевные качества имеет практическое значение для специалистов лесных питомников. В статье выполнен анализ способов сортирования семян и существующих машин для обработки семян.

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Cifra Ltd - Russian Federation

2024

Реут, Антонина Анатольевна | Бекшенева, Лилия Файзиевна

Растения рода Iris L. являются перспективным лекарственным сырьем со значительной биологической и фармакологической активностью. Качество растительного сырья зависит от накопления и распределения в растительном организме потенциально опасных химических элементов. Целью настоящей работы было сравнительное изучение аккумуляции и переноса элементов по органам растений рода Iris L. (Iridaceae). Методом атомной абсорбции проанализировано содержание As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb в разных частях растений I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica, I. spuria. Установлено, что в отсутствие почвенного загрязнения ирисы накапливают мышьяк в концентрации, превышающей предельно допустимую. Накопление хрома в сырье была также выше ПДК для ряда вариантов исследования. Эффективность переноса элементов из почвы к корневой системе значительно варьировала (фактор биоаккумуляции 0.2–4.4). Наиболее активно корневища ирисов поглощали никель. Ассимиляционная способность корней также отчетливо выражена в отношении Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Mn. В зависимости от элемента аккумуляция в листьях видоспецифична. Пропускная способность цветоноса наиболее выражена у I. sibirica, барьерная − наиболее проявлена у I. orientalis. Выявлены различные типы транслокации элементов по органам: акропетальная, равномерная, базипетальная. Для всех исследованных видов характерно акропетальное распределение Pb (фактор транслокации >1) и равномерное распределение Mn. Локация Cd может быть различной в зависимости от вида. Cu концентрируется в корнях (I. orientalis, I. sibirica, I. spuria), либо распределяется равномерно (I. pseudacorus). Выявленные закономерности аккумуляции и распределения элементов в органах растений рода Iris позволяют осуществлять прогностическую оценку качества сырья для получения безопасной продукции. | Plants of the genus Iris L. are promising medicinal raw materials with significant biological and pharmacological activity. The quality of plant raw materials depends on the accumulation and distribution of potentially hazardous chemical elements in the plant body. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the accumulation and transfer of elements through the organs of plants of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae). The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in different parts of I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica and I. spuria plants was analyzed by atomic absorption. It has been established that in the absence of soil pollution, irises accumulate arsenic in concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable. The accumulation of chromium in the raw material was also above the maximum allowable concentration for a number of study options. The efficiency of element transfer from the soil to the root system varied significantly (bioaccumulation factor 0.2–4.4). Iris rhizomes absorbed nickel most actively. The assimilation ability of the roots is also clearly expressed in relation to Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Mn. Depending on the element, accumulation in leaves is species-specific. The carrying capacity of the peduncle is most pronounced in I. sibirica, the barrier capacity is most pronounced in I. orientalis. Various types of translocation of elements in organs were revealed: acropetal, uniform, basipetal. All studied species are characterized by acropetal distribution of Pb (translocation factor >1) and uniform distribution of Mn. The location of Cd may vary depending on the species. Cu is concentrated in the roots (I. orientalis, I. sibirica, I. spuria) or evenly distributed (I. pseudacorus). The revealed patterns of accumulation and distribution of elements in the organs of plants of the genus Iris make it possible to carry out a prognostic assessment of the quality of raw materials to obtain safe products.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2024

Ruiz Nieto, Jorge Eric | Mireles Arriaga, Ana Isabel | Hernández Ruiz, Jesús | Laguna Estrada, María Isabel | López Núñez, Adolfo Rafael | Zárate-Castrejón, José Luis

Introduction. Seedlings formation under controlled conditions is essential for growing species of importance as strawberry. Since the artificial LED lighting technologic has allowed greater control of light, the variation of components such as the wavelength and intensity can be manipulated to form seedlings with different characteristics. However, it is necessary to generate original scientific information for the development of precise and efficient practices on light control. Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the strawberry seedlings formation under different intensities of violet, blue and red LED light. Material and methods. The study was performed in 2020 at the Plant Genetics Laboratory of the Agronomy Department of the Universidad de Guanajuato, in the municipality of Irapuato, in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Seeds were recovered from San Andreas cultivar fruits and seedlings were formed under violet, blue and red LED light at high, medium, and low intensities. Color determination of cotiledon area, chroma saturation index and Hue angle were performed. Physiotechnical variables, chemical and antioxidant activity were measured. Results. The most suitable treatments were violet light of high and medium intensities; as well as blue light of high intensity, due to the germination percentage exceeded at least 60 %. Seedlings did not lengthen or thin, presented the largest cotyledons areas and the highest chlorophyll concentrations. In addition, these light treatments consumed 31.2 % less electrical energy on average. Conclusions. Besides the white light, the most suitable treatments for strawberry seedlings formation were violet light at high and medium intensities, as well as blue light at high intensity. It is suggested that the violet and blue light treatments be evaluated in other cultivars to confirm the beneficial effect on the strawberry seedlings. Red light limited germination and the highest antioxidant activity was observed in this treatment. | Introducción. La formación de plántulas en condiciones controladas es fundamental para cultivar  especies como la fresa. Dado que la tecnología de iluminación artificial LED ha permitido un mayor control de la luz, la variación de componentes como la longitud de onda y la intensidad pueden ser manipulados para generar plántulas con diferentes características. Sin embargo, es necesario generar información para el desarrollo de prácticas precisas y eficientes en el control de la luz. Objetivo. Evaluar la formación de plántulas de fresa en diferentes intensidades de luz LED violeta, azul y roja. Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue realizado en el 2020, en el Laboratorio de Genética Vegetal del Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Guanajuato,  Irapuato, estado de Guanajuato, México. Se recuperaron semillas de frutos de la variedad San Andreas y se sembraron plántulas en luz LED violeta, azul y roja a intensidades alta, media y baja. Se realizaron determinaciones de color del área del cotiledón, índice de saturación de color y ángulo Hue. Se midieron variables fisiotécnicas, químicas y actividad antioxidante. Resultados. Los tratamientos más adecuados fueron luz violeta de intensidades altas y medias, y  luz azul de alta intensidad, debido a que el porcentaje de germinación superó el 60 %. Las plántulas no se alargaron ni adelgazaron, presentaron las mayores áreas de cotiledones y con las mayores concentraciones de clorofila. Estos tratamientos consumieron 31,2 % menos energía eléctrica en promedio. Conclusiones. Además de la luz blanca, los tratamientos más adecuados para la formación de plántulas de fresa fueron la luz violeta a alta y media intensidad, y la luz azul a alta intensidad. Se sugiere evaluar los tratamientos de luz violeta y azul en otros cultivares de fresa para confirmar el efecto. La luz roja limitó la germinación y en este tratamiento se identificó la mayor actividad antioxidante.

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Universidad de Costa Rica - Costa Rica

2024

S. N. Panteley | V. D. Sennikova | M. N. Isaenko | С. Н. Пантелей | В. Д. Сенникова | М. Н. Исаенко

The article provides a justification for the need for research aimed at increasing the production efficiency of grass carp planting material and, consequently, increasing its production in the conditions of pond aquaculture in Belarus. A brief analysis of the existing problems in this area is given and the main ways to solve them are identified. Preliminary results of research in the chosen direction are presented, in particular, materials on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of feeding of grass carp juveniles at various stages of cultivation, fish-breeding results obtained during research, data on the biochemical composition of fingerlings with different variants of growing in monoculture at the end of the growing season. A comparative analysis of the results of wintering of the grass carp, grown in various conditions, is also given, in particular, the survival rate, biochemical and physiological indicators of the obtained yearlings of the grass carp are evaluated.In the course of the research, the prospects of the chosen research direction, as well as the methods used to increase the efficiency of obtaining grass carp seeds and its wintering in the conditions of pond aquaculture of the republic were established. It has been established that the rearing of the larva of the grass carp with the combined use of live and concentrated feeds is an effective method of increasing survival at the initial stages of growing juveniles and provides high production indicators — survival and growth rate. Significant differences have been established in the feeding characteristics of the juvenile grass carp compared with other pond carp fish after an approximately 40-day life period. It has been revealed that zooplankton organisms, which are the target objects for stimulating the development of the pond feeding base, form the basis of feeding of the young grass carp only for 20 (in the case of an undergrown larva) — 35 days of keeping in ponds. During such a period, only manure used in full dose before flooding ponds and used by zooplankton as a carbon source almost directly can give a pronounced effect, the use of mineral fertilizers is ineffective. When growing grass carp in a monoculture, high fish productivity indicators (348–361 kg/ha) were achieved in all variants. In the variants stocked with an undergrown larva, the average individual weight of fingerlings was higher than in the variants with an ungrown one. The survival rate in the variant with an untamed larva was lower. The fingerling obtained from an undergrown larva had, at the trend level, a more favorable biochemical composition for wintering, since it accumulated more nutrients with a higher average individual weight (25,8 g). The yearling obtained from the undergrown larva did not show a noticeable difference with the yearling from the ungrown larva in survival during wintering. Survival rates were 80 and 78 %. | В статье приведено обоснование необходимости исследований, направленных на увеличение эффективности производства посадочного материала белого амура и, следовательно, увеличение его производства в условиях прудовой аквакультуры Беларуси. Приведен краткий анализ существующих проблем в этой области и определены основные пути их решения. Приведены предварительные результаты исследований в избранном направлении, в частности, материалы по количественным и качественным характеристикам питания молоди белого амура на различных этапах выращивания, полученные в ходе исследований рыбоводные результаты, данные по биохимическому составу сеголетков при разных вариантах выращивания в монокультуре в конце вегетационного сезона. Также приведен сравнительный анализ результатов зимовки белого амура, выращенного в различных условиях, в частности, оценены выживаемость, биохимические и физиологические показатели у полученных годовиков белого амура.В ходе исследований установлена перспективность выбранного направления исследований, а также использованных способов повышения эффективности получения посадочного материала белого амура и его зимовки в условиях прудовой аквакультуры республики. Установлено, что подращивание личинки белого амура при совместном использовании живых и концентрированных кормов является эффективным приёмом увеличения выживаемости на начальных этапах выращивания молоди и обеспечивает высокие производственные показатели — выживаемость и темп роста. Установлены существенные отличия в характеристиках питания молоди белого амура по сравнению с другими прудовыми карповыми рыбами по истечении ориентировочно 40-суточного периода жизни. Выявлено, что организмы зоопланктона, являющиеся целевыми объектами при стимулировании развития кормовой базы прудов, составляют основу питания молоди белого амура только на протяжении 20 (в случае подрощенной личинки) — 35 суток содержания в прудах. За такой период выраженный эффект может дать только навоз, используемый в полной дозе до залития прудов и используемый зоопланктоном в качестве источника углерода почти непосредственно, использование минеральных удобрений малоэффективно. При выращивании белого амура в монокультуре во всех вариантах достигнуты высокие показатели рыбопродуктивности (348–361 кг/га). В вариантах, зарыбленных подрощенной личинкой, средняя индивидуальная навеска сеголетков была выше, чем в вариантах с неподрощенной. Выживаемость в варианте с неподрощенной личинкой была более низкой. Сеголеток, полученный из подрощенной личинки, обладал, на уровне тенденции, более благоприятным для зимовки биохимическим составом, поскольку им накоплено большее количество питательных веществ при более высокой средней индивидуальной массе (25,8 г). Годовик, полученный из подрощенной личинки, не проявил в заметной степени разницы с годовиком из неподрощенной личинки по выживаемости в ходе зимовки. Выживаемость составила 80 и 78 %, соответственно. Однако в биохимическом составе наблюдались некоторые различия: годовик, полученный из подрощенной личинки, обладал несколько лучшими биохимическими показателями по сравнению с годовиком, полученным из неподрощенной личинки. Гематологические показатели у всех годовиков белого амура после зимовки были в пределах возрастной нормы, что свидетельствует о хорошем физиологическом состоянии годовиков белого амура и способности адаптироваться к условиям выращивания.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2024

V. A. Kharchenko | N. А. Golubkina | L. N. Skrypnik | O. C. Murariu | G. Caruso

Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2024

Коломиец, Наталья Эдуардовна | Боев, Роман Сергеевич | Жалнина, Людмила Владимировна | Али, Абдуджалил Каид Хасан | Марьин , Андрей Александрович

Изучение элементного состава растений имеет важное значение с точки зрения дополнения имеющихся в литературе данных, определении перспектив их использования в качестве сырьевых источников для получения лекарственных средств, БАДов, продуктов функционального питания и т.д. С другой стороны, использование перспективного растительного сырья может быть затруднено из-за проблем с его качеством и безопасностью, которая является следствием превышения допустимых пределов содержания радионуклидов, тяжелых металлов и других ксенобиотиков. Определен состав и содержание макро- и микроэлементов, в том числе тяжелых металлов в семенах, корнях и листьях A. lappa и A. tomentosum, культивируемых и дикорастущих в Томской области и Алтайском крае, а также сухих экстрактах из культивируемых и дикорастущих корней и листьев A. tomentosum, произведенные ООО «Вистерра». Элементный состав определен методами нейтронно-активационного анализа и пламенной фотометрии. В дикорастущих и культивируемых видах, экстрактах установлено содержание 31 элемента. По содержанию калия A. lappa и A. tomentosum можно отнести к растениям-концентраторам калия. Листья, корни и семена различаются по содержанию отдельных элементов в разрезе места произрастания, морфологической группы растения и видовой принадлежности. Все образцы корней, семян, листьев, сухих экстрактов из культивируемого сырья по содержанию Cd, As соответствуют требованиям ОФС, СанПиН. | The use of plant raw materials can be hindered due to concerns about their quality and safety for the human body, resulting from exceeding permissible limits of radionuclides, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. Ensuring the quality and safety and guaranteeing the quality of raw materials and finished products is one of the tasks for researchers and practitioners. The composition and content of macro- and microelements in the seeds, roots, and leaves of A.lappa and A. tomentosum, cultivated and growing wild in the Tomsk region (Timiryazevskoye village) and Altai Territory (Altaiskoe village), have been determined, and samples a dry extracts of the roots and leaves of A. tomentosum produced by Visterra LLC, have been analyzed. The elemental composition was determined by using neutron activation analysis and flame photometry. The samples of wild and cultivated species, extracts revealed the presence of 31 chemical elements. According to the potassium content, Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum can be attributed to potassium concentrator plants. The leaves, roots, and seeds have the same elemental composition parts of the plant and species. In all samples of roots, seeds, leaves, and dry extracts, the levels of Cd, As complied with the requirements of the standards and sanitary norms.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2024

Brata Pantjara | Romi Novriadi | Erfan A. Hendrajat | Herlinah Herlinah | Ricko Reynalta | Tri H. Prihadi | Anang H. Kristanto | Rachman Syah | Jojo Subagja | Yohanna R. Widyastuti | Adang Saputra | Deni Radona | Imam Taukhid

Abstract Aquaculture recirculation technology has evolved in recent years, as it can save water use and maintain good water quality during tiger shrimp fry rearing and ultimately increase juvenile production. The recirculation technology in this experiment is expected to be adopted by small‐scale tiger shrimp seed farmers. This study aims to develop the technology for producing a juvenile tiger shrimp recirculation system to support shrimp cultivation in ponds. The recirculation system container comprises a biofiltration tank filled with oysters, seaweed, and tilapia. Containers to keep tiger shrimp larvae alive in the recirculation system use a round‐shaped container with a volume of 2 m3. Tiger shrimp larvae were cared for at; A. density of 2000 individuals/m2; B. density of 1500 individuals/m2; and C. density of 1000 individuals/m2. This study found that the survival rate of tiger shrimp in treatments C and B were high, reaching 96.800b ± 2.716% and 91.62b ± 3.432%, respectively, while survival in treatment A was the lowest, at 81.700a ± 4.715%.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2024

Nan Xiang | Catherine W.Y. Wong | Xinbo Guo | Siyun Wang

Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is a major foodborne pathogen leading to a large number of outbreaks and bringing food safety concerns to sprouts. The control of S. enterica on maize sprouts is important because raw maize sprouts have been gaining attention as a novel superfood. Compared to conventional chemical methods, the applications of bacteriophages are regarded as natural and organic. This study investigated the effects of a 2 h phage cocktail (SF1 and SI1, MOI 1000) soaking on reducing the populations of three Salmonella enterica strains: S. Enteritidis S5-483, S. Typhimurium S5-536, and S. Agona PARC5 on maize seeds and during the storage of maize sprouts. The results showed that the phage cocktail treatment effectively reduced populations of S. enterica strains by 1–3 log CFU/g on maize seeds and decreased population of S. Agona PACR5 by 1.16 log CFU/g on maize sprouts from 7.55 log CFU/g at day 0 of the storage period. On the other hand, the upregulations of flagella gene pefA by 1.5-folds and membrane gene lpxA by 23-folds in S. Typhimurium S5-536 indicated a differential response to the phage cocktail treatment. Conversely, stress response genes ompR, rpoS, and recA, as well as the DNA repair gene yafD, were downregulated in S. Agona PARC5. This work shows the use of bacteriophages could contribute as a part of hurdle effect to reduce S. enterica populations and is beneficial to develop strategies for controlling foodborne pathogens in the production and storage of maize sprouts.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2024

Lars T. Fadnes | Rajiv Balakrishna

Background: Nuts and seeds have been part of diets in most of the world for millenniums, and they have also been consumed in the Nordic and Baltic countries for centuries. Consumption of nuts and seeds is linked with various health outcomes. Therefore, when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), summarizing the best evidence on key health outcomes from the consumption of nuts and seeds is essential. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the updated evidence on the consumption of nuts and seeds and health outcomes regarded relevant for the Nordic and Baltic countries, as well as their dose-response relationship presented in updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Method: The scoping review is built on a de novo systematic review and an umbrella review published in 2022 on the consumption of nuts and seeds and its various health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Results: Intake of nuts and seeds is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, with evidence assessed as probable. This conclusion is mirrored by evidence from trials on biomarkers for chronic diseases. An intake of a serving of nuts of 28–30 g/day compared to not eating nuts is estimated to translate into approximately 20% relative reduction in the risks of cardiovascular disease and premature deaths. For cancers, consumption of a serving of nuts is inversely associated with cancer mortality. However, for type 2 diabetes, there are mixed and inconclusive results. Additionally, there are inverse associations between nut consumption and respiratory and infectious disease mortality. Allergies for nuts are seen among 1–2% of the population. Conclusion: Overall, the current evidence supports dietary recommendations to increase nut consumption to a serving of nuts and seeds per day for people without allergies to these foods.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2024

Małgorzata Szczepanek | Mariusz Piekarczyk | Karolina Błaszczyk

Using conservation tillage to grow crops that enhance soil quality, such as legumes, seems to be one of the best solutions for sustainable agriculture. The field study was conducted to identify the effect of soil cultivation technology and fertilization, via strip-tilling (reduced) vs. plowing (conventional), on the availability and uptake of NPK and Mg, as well as on the growth of shoots and roots and yield of green peas (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.). The research was carried out in central Poland (53°05′16.8″ N, 19°06′14.4″ E) over two growing seasons of green peas in 2016 and 2017. Our study has shown that the spatial distribution of macroelements in the soil is influenced by the tillage method. The availability and nutrient uptake by green peas, their growth parameters, and yield were also influenced by the tillage system. However, the effect was observed mainly in the first year of the study, which had less precipitation and higher temperatures. In general, in our study, the strip-till has a positive impact on the nutrient uptake by plants, contributing to longer shoots and roots and higher biomass accumulation, especially in the first part of the growing season. In 2016, with less rainfall, green peas under strip-tilling produced more pods per plant and the yield was higher than under plowing (by 13.8%). In 2017, with higher precipitation, an increase in yield under strip-tilling compared to plowing was also observed (by 9.1%), but this difference was not statistically significant. To sum up, strip-tillage seems to have a positive impact on the spatial distribution of macroelements, growth parameters, and yield of green peas, and can be recommended as a technology for the sustainable production of this crop.

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