AGRIS - 

2021

Eroksuz, Yesari | Abayli, Hasan | Yerlikaya, Zeynep et al.

The concurrent occurrence of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus type-1 infection and necrotising-suppurative bronchopneumonia due to Trueperella pyogenes was diagnosed in a 4-month-old male calf. The pulmonary lesions were characterised by necro-suppurative bronchopneumonia with intralesional gram-positive microorganisms. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF MS) also indicated the presence of BVDV type-1 and Trueperella pyogenes agents, respectively. A positive immunoreaction to the BVDV was present in the vascular walls in the lungs, hepatocytes, lymphoid cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, and neurons in the brain. With this case study, the two infections were, to the best of our knowledge, reported concurrently for the first time. It can be assumed that a subclinical BVDV infection might contribute to the occurrence of Trueperella pyogenes infections in calves.

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Library of Antonin Svehla - Czechia

2021

Zurovac Sapundžić, Zorana | Ninković, Milan | Glišić, Dimitrije | Milovanović, Bojan | Žutić, Jadranka | Kureljušić, Branislav | Milićević, Vesna

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a viral disease of cattle with a high economic impact. To estimate the seroprevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection of cattle on smallholder farms we included 78 smallholder farms in the Belgrade epizootiological area where 318 blood serum samples from cattle were collected, and subsequently tested. The samples were analyzed using a commercially available competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against BVDV. The obtained results showed an overall seroprevalence of 3.8% whereas the seroprevalence on herd level varied from 0% to 80%. The obtained results showed a relatively low seroprevalence of BVD infection on smallholder farms on the territory of Belgrade city.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia

2019

Glotov, A.G. | Glotova, T.I. | Nefedchenko, A.V. | Koteneva, S.V. | Semenova, O.V., Siberia and Far East Inst. of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Novosibirsk Region

There were studied the peculiarities of outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea associated with arriving 138 heifers of the USA and put into quarantine during which 6 (4.3%) head died of furious pneumonia, 13 heads were aborted when they were 7-8 months pregnant (9.4%), 14 heads dropped dead calves (10.1%). After lifting a quarantine imported heifers (IH) were introduced into the core herd, 30% of local heifers were aborted within 2 months, the birth of calves with the absence of sucking reflex was observed. 68 young animals born by IH dies in the 1-st month pf life with signs of hemorrhagic diarrhea, dewatering and fibrous bronchopneumonia, the mortality was 50%. 38 IH died after calving with signs of acute acidosis, disordered metabolism, and other 25 heads died of chronic exhaustion. The mortality of pregnant cows (PC) of the local heard was not observed, but 40 heifers with similar sings were subjected to forced slaughter. The incidence of adult cattle was 60-80%, mortality - 50%. During a year 250 calves from IH and local cows died. From the biomaterials of dead calves nucleic acids of the agents of respiratory syncytial virus, pafrainfluenza-3 virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea, as well as Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida A и D. The calves suffered through diseases had a high level of seroconversion to said agents. 175 samples of biomaterials were studied, genome of type 2 diarrhea virus (DV2) was revealed in 11 calves (44%), a part was simultaneously infected with DV1 and DV2. A phylogenic analysis has found 98-99% identity to nucleic acid sequence of 5-HTP isolate T19/17 isolated during the outbreak and reference strain of DV2. So, the role of the high virulent reference strain of DV2 was confirmed as a primary cause of abortions, diarrhea, disordered reproductivity in cows and heifers after arriving imported cattle from the USA. | Исследованы особенности вспышки вирусной диареи КРС, связанной с поступлением 138 нетелей из США и поставленных на карантин, в течение которого 6 гол. (4,3%) пало от фибринозной пневмонии, 13 гол. - абортировали на 7-8-м мес. стельности (9,4%), 14 гол. - отелились мертвыми телятами (10,1%). После снятия карантина импортированных нетелей (ИН) ввели в основное стадо, в течение 2 мес. абортировало 30% местных нетелей, отмечено рождение телят с отсутствием сосательного рефлекса. 68 гол. молодняка, рожденного ИН, пали в 1-й мес. жизни с признаками геморрагической диареи, обезвоживания и фибринозной бронхопневмонии, падеж составил 50%. 38 ИН пали после отела с признаками острого ацидоза, нарушения обмена веществ, еще 25 гол. - от хронического истощения. Падежа стельных коров (КО) местного стада не наблюдали, но 40 нетелей с аналогичными симптомами были подвергнуты вынужденному убою. Заболеваемость взрослого КРС была на уровне 60-80%, смертность - 50%. В течение года пало 250 телят от ИН и местных КО. Из биоматериала от павших телят выявлены нуклеиновые кислоты возбудителя респираторно-синцитиального вируса, вируса парагриппа-3, инфекционного ринотрахеита и вируса диареи КРС, а также Mannheimia haemolytica и Pasteurella multocida A и D. У переболевших телят установлен высокий уровень сероконверсии к указанным возбудителям. Исследовано 175 образцов биоматериала, геном вируса диареи 2-го вида (ВД2) выявлен у 11 телят (44%), часть была одновременно инфицирована ВД1 и ВД2. Филогенетическим анализом установлена идентичность на 98-99% нуклеотидной последовательности 5-НТР изолята T19/17, выделенного во время вспышки, и референтного штамма 890 ВД2а. Итак, подтверждена роль высоковирулентного референтного штамма ВД2 как первичная причина абортов, диареи, нарушения воспроизводительности у КО и нетелей после поступления импортированного скота из США.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Glotov, A.G. | Nefedchenko, A.V. | Koteneva, S.V. | Glotova, T.I., Siberia Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Novosibirsk Region

The results of the study of mixed infections in cattle caused by BVDV1 and BVDV2 during an outbreak of the disease in the big dairy farm after importing animals from abroad are presented. The spread of viruses in animal organs was studied by RT-PCR. BVDV1 was detected in thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, liver, cerebellum and lungs, blood and kidneys of aborted fetuses. BVDV2 was present not only in the listed organs, but also in the brain, abomasums mucosa, small and large intestines. The genomes of these viruses were detected in 17.9% of samples (thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, cerebellum, blood, lungs and kidney) while in 7.7% of samples (thymus, lymph nodes, spleen) the both viruses were present. In calves of up to 10 days with diarrhea and systemic infection, BVDV2 was recorded in a wider range of organs and tissues, confirming systemic distribution. In 3 – 4 months old calves viruses were detected less frequently (BVDV1 – in 13.9%; BVDV2 – in 5.6% of samples. The both agents were present in only 5.6% of samples (lungs, lymph nodes). The genetic material of BVDV3 in the tested material was absent. A phylogenetic analysis detected agents of BVDV1b and BVDV2a. The presence of mixed infections of BVDV1b and BVDV2a must be taken into account in diagnostic studies and in the planning of vaccination programs. | Представлены результаты изучения смешанной инфекции у крупного рогатого скота, вызванной вирусом диареи первого (BVDV1) и второго (BVDV2) видов, во время вспышки болезни на молочном комплексе после завоза животных из-за рубежа. Их распространение в органах животных изучали методом ОТ–ПЦР. BVDV1 выявили в тимусе, селезенке и лимфатических узлах, печени, мозжечке, легких, почках и крови абортированных плодов. BVDV2 присутствовал не только в перечисленных органах, но также в головном мозге, слизистой оболочке сычуга, тонком и толстом отделах кишечника. Геномы этих вирусов обнаружили в общей сложности в 17,9% проб биоматериала (тимус, лимфатические узлы, селезенка, мозжечок, легкие, почки, кровь), причем в 7,7% проб (тимус, лимфатические узлы, селезенка) присутствовали оба вируса. У телят до 10 дней с диареей и системной инфекцией BVDV2 регистрировали в более широком диапазоне органов и тканей, подтверждая системное распространение. У молодняка 3 – 4-месячного возраста их выявляли реже: BVDV1 – в 13,9%, BVDV2 – в 5,6% исследованных проб. Оба агента присутствовали только в 5,6% проб биоматериала (легких и лимфатических узлах). Генетический материал BVDV3 в тестированном материале отсутствовал. На основании филогенетического анализа обнаруженные агенты отнесли к BVDV1b и BVDV2a. Возможность смешанных инфекций BVDV1 и BVDV2 необходимо учитывать при диагностических исследованиях и при планировании противоэпизоотических мероприятий с использованием вакцин.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Sanin, A.V., Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaley, Moscow

Bovine diarrhea virus (BDV), belonging to Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of highly infectious disease of the cattle. One of the promising immunomodulatory drugs with antiviral activity is Gamapren (GP) - phosphorylated polyprenol obtained from mulberry leaves. The aim of this work was to study the effect of GP on reproduction of BDV and the dynamics of viral proteins accumulation in cell culture of the calf coronary vessels. To assess the antiviral activity of GP in the in vitro experiments BDV was titrated in the presence of GP, which was added to each dilution of the virus at a dose of 200 microgram/ml, evaluating the results of the titration by lg CPA50 (cytopathic effect). The influence of GP on the dynamics of the viral proteins accumulation was evaluated in the precipitation reaction. GP was found to inhibit the BDV reproduction by 1.8 lg. Also observed was the delay in the manifestation of the BDV cytopathic action for 24…48 hours compared to control. The data obtained in the precipitation assay indicate a significant suppression of BDV proteins accumulation in the cell culture in the presence of GP at the early stages (2…6 hours after infection). Thus, GP influences the time of BDV proteins maturation in the cell culture, which may explain the observed loss of BDV infectivity following exposure to GP. | К числу флавивирусных инфекций, наиболее значимых в ветеринарной практике, относят вирусную диарею крупного рогатого скота (ВД КРС), возбудителем которой является РНК-содержащий вирус из рода Pestivirus, семейства Flaviviridae. Одним из перспективных иммуномодулирующих препаратов, обладающих противовирусной активностью в отношении различных флавивирусов, является Гамапрен (ГП) - полипренилфосфат натрия, полученный из листьев шелковицы. Цель работы - изучить влияние ГП на репродукцию ВД КРС и динамику накопления вирусных белков в культуре клеток коронарных сосудов теленка (КСТ). Для выявления противовирусной активности ГП в опытах in vitro ВД КРС титровали в присутствии ГП, который добавляли в каждое разведение вируса в дозе 200 мкг/мл, оценивая рeзультаты титрования в Lg ЦПД50. Влияние ГП на динамику накопления вирусных белков оценивали в реакции преципитации. Установлено, что ГП подавляет размножение ВД КРС в культуре клеток на 1,8 lg. При этом наблюдали замедление проявления ЦПД вируса на 24…48 ч по сравнению с контролем. Данные, полученные с помощью реакции преципитации, свидетельствуют о значительном подавлении накопления белков ВД КРС в культуре клеток КСТ в присутствии ГП на ранних сроках (2…6 ч после инфицирования). Таким образом, под действием ГП изменяются сроки созревания белков ВД КРС в клетках, что может объяснять наблюдаемое снижение инфекционности вируса при воздействии ГП.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Koteneva, S.V. | Glotova, T.I. | Glotov, A.G., Siberia Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Novosibirsk Region

There are presented data on phylogenetic analysis of the isolates of the bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) revealed in calves during outbreaks of respiratory diseases at the dairy farms in Siberia and the Republic of Kazakhstan where at the time of the research specific preventive maintenance of the disease was not performed or was conducted with the use of inactivated vaccines. A highly conserved domain of the genome, the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) was used for the analysis. There were tested 24 samples containing the RNA of the virus preliminary detected by the PCR method. Circulation of 4 subtypes of the first type virus (BVDV-1) was established among calves with respiratory diseases. The prevailing subtype was 1b (54% positive samples). Additionally, BVDV-1d (8.3%), BVDV-1f (29.2%) and BVDV-1r (8.3%) were detected, the two latter being detected in Russia for the first time. No virus of the second type (BVDV-2) detected. The circulation of the subtypes 1d, 1f and 1r occurred against the background of the use of inactivated vaccines. Viruses were detected in blood samples and lymphoid organs, less often in nasal secretions, which indicates the presence during outbreaks of respiratory diseases in animals with persistent and acute (transit) forms of infection. The results of the phylogenetic analysis of BVDV can be used to select and to optimize the strategy of control events and to predict the effectiveness of vaccines in a particular region. | Представлены данные по филогенетическому анализу изолятов вируса вирусной диареи крупного рогатого скота (BVDV), выявленного у телят при вспышках респираторных болезней в молочных хозяйствах Сибири и Республики Казахстан, где в период проведения исследований специфическую профилактику болезни не проводили или применяли для этого инактивированные вакцины. Для анализа использовали высоко консервативную область генома – 5'-нетранслируемый регион (5'-UTR). Протестировали 24 пробы, в которых предварительно методом ПЦР обнаружили РНК агента. Установили циркуляцию среди больных респираторными болезнями животных 4 субтипов вируса первого типа (BVDV-1). Превалировал субтип 1b (54% положительных проб). Дополнительно выявили BVDV-1d (8,3%), BVDV-1f (29,2%) и BVDV-1r (8,3%), причем последние два обнаружены в нашей России впервые. Вирус второго типа (BVDV-2) отсутствовал. В некоторых хозяйствах циркуляция субтипов BVDV-1d, BVDV-1f и BVDV-1r происходила на фоне применения инактивированных вакцин. Вирусы выявляли в пробах крови и лимфоидных органах, реже в носовых выделениях, что указывает на наличие животных с персистентной и острой (транзитной) формами инфекции в период вспышек респираторных болезней. Результаты филогенетического анализа BVDV можно использовать для выбора и оптимизации стратегии контрольных мероприятий и прогнозирования эффективности применения вакцин в конкретном регионе.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Glotov, A.G. | Glotova, T.I. | Semenova, O.V. | Koteneva, S.V., Institute of experimental veterinary science of Siberia and the Far East

Представлены данные по изучению серологического статуса животных к вирусу вирусной диареи - болезни слизистых оболочек крупного рогатого скота и частоте выявления генома возбудителя методом ОТ-ПЦР на молочных комплексах. У телок после искусственного осеменения, нетелей и первотелок, особенно после абортов, зарегистрированы высокие титры специфических антител к данному вирусу. До 71,4% телок реагировали 64 - 128-кратной сероконверсией к возбудителю через 1 - 3 месяца после искусственного осеменения, у коров этот показатель составил 36,50%. Высокий уровень антител у телок и нетелей может служить критерием рождения персистентно инфицированных телят и в дальнейшем развитием гинекологической патологии у маточного поголовья. Количество вирусоносителей среди телок составило 10,6%, нетелей в запуске - 8,83%, а рожденных от них телят - 5,50%, что выше соответствующих показателей у коров второй и третьей лактации. Геном вируса чаще выявляли в органах абортированных плодов, от нетелей на стадии 4 - 6-месячной (40,0%) и 6 - 9-месячной (24,0%) стельности, а также от мертворожденных телят (29,23%). У коров эти показатели составили 17,54%; 10,34 и 20,51% соответственно. Присутствие вируса в вагинальных и маточных выделениях носило "транзитный" характер и составило 28,98 и 13,50% соответственно. Реальное значение вируса в патологии воспроизводства может "маскироваться" другими возбудителями вирусно-бактериальной природы. Для установления его роли в патологии воспроизводства необходимо проводить комплекс диагностических исследований (серологических и молекулярных) на наиболее восприимчивых к заражению группах животных. | The data for the study of serological status to BVD virus in cattle and frequency of detection of the viral genome by RT-PCR in the big dairy farms are submitted. Heifers after artificial insemination and heifers especially after abortion, revealed high titers of specific antibodies to the virus. Up to 71.4% of heifers responded 64 - 128-fold seroconversion to the pathogen through 1-3 months after artificial insemination in cows the figure was 36.50%. High levels of antibodies in heifers can serve as a criterion for the birth of persistently infected calves and further development of fertility and gynecological pathology in breeding stock. The number of virus carriers among the heifers was 10.6%, dry heifers 8.83%, while the calves are born to 5.50%, higher than the corresponding figures of cows' second and third lactations. The virus genome was detected in most organs of aborted fetuses from heifers in step 4-6 months (40.0%), 6-9 months (24.0%) stillbirth calves (29.23%). In cows, the figures were 17.54; 10.34 and 20.51%, respectively. The presence of the virus in vaginal and uterine secretions was of "transition" nature and amounted to 28.98 and 13.50%, respectively. The real value in the pathology of the reproduction system of the virus can "masked" by other agents of viral and bacterial origin. In order to establish its role in the pathology of reproduction is necessary to conduct complex of diagnostic tests (serological and molecular) in the most susceptible to infection with animal groups.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Petrović, Tamaš

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is a viral infection of cattle caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV). Th e most important source of in- fection is persistently infected and sick cattle, but also other susceptible species. BVDV infection, except for cattle, occurs in sheep, pigs, goats and wild ruminants. Th ese animals can be reservoirs of the virus, and thus the source of infection. Th e greatest economic losses caused by BVDV infection in cattle farming are the direct consequences of transplacental infection, as a result of foetal deaths, congenital malformations, neonatal and postnatal mortality, including mucosal diseases and slow growth and poor perfor- mance results of the surviving animals, as well as acute infections of respi- ratory and alimentary infections. Economic losses due to BVDV infection can be seen in a cattle herd even several years aſt er the infection. Moreover, BVDV infection is considered as the third most important disease to cattle farming industry, immediately aſt er rinderpest and the foot-and-mouth disease. Th e primary task of BVDV infection control is to prevent prena- tal infection. Th is procedure includes the determination and elimination of persistently infected (PI) animals from the herd. Aſt er the removal of these animals, great attention must be paid to introducing new animals into the herd and preventing the occurrence of transplacental infection. On the basis of existing data and real suppositions about the distribution of BVDV infection in the territory of Serbia, the great economic damages it causes, as well as the general tendency to resolve problems in European states, and for the competitiveness of our farmers and food industries in the production of milk, meat or breeding material aſt er joining the EU market, it is necessary to draſt legal regulations in the control of this bovine viral disease in Serbia. Th e mentioned control could be based on the voluntary BVDV eradication program on herd’s level in the beginning and on establishing herds with BVDV free status. Certifi cation of BVDV free status of herd will be done by Veterinary Directorate, and the register of herds with BVDV free status could be “on line” available and maintained by the Veterinary Directora- te. Th e essence of this proposal, a volunteer program of establishing herds with BVDV free status, is based on several steps or phases, which includes frequent diagnostic testing, removal of PI animals from the herd and the introduction of strict biosecurity measures.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia

2013

Bedekovic, T., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Lemo, N., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Barbic, L., University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Cvetnic, Z., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Lojkic, I., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Benic, M., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Cac, Z., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Lojkic, M., Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb (Croatia) | Madic, J., University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of category, herd size, common grazing and management as risk factors in maintaining bovine viral diarrhoea infection in dairy herds. A total of 987 sera samples obtained from 202 heifers, 653 cows and 132 calves from 103 herds in Croatia were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to establish the prevalence of persistently infected cattle, 35 herds were selected. Ear notch tissue samples from all animals in selected herds (n = 2284) were collected and analyzed by antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The true prevalence of specific antibodies was 61.61% and the estimated prevalence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus at the herd level was 100%. The prevalence of persistently infected animals was 0.53% and the prevalence of persistently infected herds was 20%. The antibodies prevalence was higher in cows, in herds that use common pasture and in larger herds (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of persistently infected animals was not connected with the herd size but production management on big farms contributed to maintaining the virus. The obtained results suggest that production management was an important risk factor in bovine viral diarrohea epidemiology. High prevalence of antibodies and high prevalence of persistently infected herds requires implementation of control and eradication programs at a national or even regional level. The presented data complete the BVD epidemiological investigations from this part of Europe.

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Library of Antonin Svehla - Czechia

2013

Shabbir, M.Z.

Abortion is common among dairy herds in Pakistan. However, except for Brucella abortus, little is known about other prevalent abortifacients. Therefore, a sero-epidemiological study was conducted in a dairy herd with a history of abortion located in Lahore, Pakistan. Blood samples (3-5 mL) were taken from each animal (cows, n = 43; buffaloes, n = 47) in the herd. Seropositivity to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), B. abortus, blue tongue virus (BTV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Toxoplasma gondii was determined using commercially available kits. Among cows and buffaloes, seropositivity was most frequent for IBR (69.8 and 70.3%, P greater than 0.05), followed by B. abortus (32.6 and 42.6%, P greater than 0.05), BVDV (9.3 and 6.4%, P greater than 0.05) and BTV (4.7 and 6.4%, P greater than 0.05), whereas, all the animals were seronegative to T. gondii. With respect to age, there was a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in seropositivity to B. abortus, BTV, and to multiple infectious agents in buffaloes. Additionally, a history of prior abortion was found to be significantly associated with current abortion in buffaloes and cows (P less than 0.001). While several significant associations between seropositivity to various agents and abortion were initially found, further analyses showed no significant associations in cows or buffaloes. The study concludes that seropositivity to the studied infectious agents was not significantly associated with abortion when accounting for other covariates, while prior abortion was found to be significantly associated with current abortion in both cows and buffaloes. However, owing to the small preliminary nature of the study, small sample size, and small number of abortion events, further studies are needed to ascertain the validity of these results.

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National Agricultural Research Centre - Pakistan