AGRIS - 

2015

Kulikov, I.M., All-Russia Selection and Technological Inst. of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Moscow

The main research achievements of the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Breeding Nursery for research of genetic resources, breeding, biotechnology, virology, plant protection, agricultural chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, agricultural technology, nursery, labor-intensive processes of mechanization in horticulture. There have been created stored, replenished and studied genetic collections in the amount of more than 900 samples of fruit and berry crops, 1315 samples of ornamental plants and more than 20770 samples of field, vegetable, rare crops of the VIR World Genofond collection More than 300 varieties have been bred. The Institute is a patent holder and the originator of 254 varieties which are in the State Register of Breeding Achievements permitted for use. During its lifetime the Institute published 145 methods and techniques, 35 state standards and specifications, developed 320 technologies, technological regulations and recommendations, 180 pieces of design documentation and engineering prototypes. The Institute recorded more than 600 patents and copyright certificates for inventions and selection achievements. The works over 2010-2015 are reflected in 49 monographs and books, in 1382 scientific articles, of which 628 were published in peer-reviewed journals and 108 in the foreign press. The role of the Institute in the development of scientific disciplines and promotion of scientific achievements is confirmed by holding conferences, symposia, forums, meetings, exhibitions of international and national level, 66 of which were held in the last 5 years, by issuing the journal "Horticulture and viticulture", a collection of scientific papers "Fruit and Berry Growing in Russia", as well as continued participation in major national and international exhibitions. | Обобщены основные научные достижения Всероссийского селекционно-технологического института садоводства и питомниководства по исследованию генетических ресурсов, селекции, биотехнологии, вирусологии, защите растений, агрохимии, биохимии, физиологии, агротехнологии, питомниководству, механизации трудоёмких процессов в садоводстве. Созданы сохраняемые, пополняемые и изучаемые генетические коллекции в объёме более 900 образцов плодовых и ягодных культур, 1315 образцов декоративных растений, а также свыше 20770 образцов полевых, овощных, редких культур из коллекции мирового генофонда ВИР. Выведено более 300 сортов. Институт является патентообладателем и оригинатором 254 сортов, находящихся в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию. За время существования института опубликовано 145 методов и методик, 35 ГОСТов и ТУ, разработано 320 технологий, технологических регламентов и рекомендаций, 180 конструкторских документаций и опытных образцов техники; зарегистрировано более 600 патентов и авторских свидетельств на изобретения и селекционные достижения. Результаты работы за 2010-2015 гг. отражены в 49 монографиях и книгах, 1382 научных статьях, из которых 628 опубликованы в рецензируемых изданиях и 108 - в зарубежной печати. Роль института в развитии научных направлений и пропаганде научных достижений подтверждается организацией конференций, симпозиумов, форумов, совещаний, которых за последние 5 лет на базе института проведено 66, изданием журнала "Садоводство и виноградарство", сборника научных работ "Плодоводство и ягодоводство России", а также постоянным участием в крупных всероссийских и международных выставках.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Kulakov,V.N.

Проведен анализ современного состояния сферы внешней торговли плодово-ягодной продукцией в Республике Беларусь, выявлен ряд закономерностей и тенденций, характерных для современного этапа развития данного рыночного сегмента. Заострено внимание на наиболее существенных проблемах характерных для национального плодоводческого сектора. Выявлены перспективные направления развития существующих и формирования новых каналов сбыта. Обоснована необходимость сокращения импорта плодово-ягодного продукции. | In a course of the research there was studied the current state of foreign trade of fruit and berry production in the Republic of Belarus, reveals a number of patterns and trends, specific to the current stage of development of this market segment. As a result of realized research there were revealed that it focuses on the most important issues specific to the national horticultural sector. There were identified promising areas of existing and development of new sales channels. The necessity of reducing the import of fruit and berry production was substantiated.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Ryndin, A.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, Sochi

All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops is the oldest institution in Russia, which carries out scientific research in the field of subtropical crops and floriculture and is a leading research, methodological and breeding and technological center on ornamental, subtropical and southern fruit crops. The institute structure at the moment includes five scientific departments, two science labs, two branches, two bases, scientific library, Scientific Council and postgraduate courses. Over 2004-2014, 4 doctoral and 12 candidate dissertations have been defended. Collection of ornamental, subtropical and southern fruit crops accounts of more than 2100 cultivar samples in the beginning of 2014, part of the collection is maintained in vitro. One of the Institute's priority research areas is creating new adaptive cultivars of tea, ornamental and southern subtropical fruit crops, as well as developing and improving the methods of maintaining and modeling selection process. The research is being conducted to identify physiological and biochemical indicators of multifunctional action, providing comprehensive adaptability of subtropical plants to environmental conditions of their habitat. Regional technologies of cultivation of the above mentioned cultures aimed at increasing productivity and product quality, reducing energy and labor costs and maintaining ecological safety are being developed., the Institute sets two objectives to restore, maintain and develop floriculture in Russia: developing of the floriculture program in southern Russia and recording and preservation of ornamental crops genetic collections. According to the results of research work of 2004-2013, the Institute's scientists have published 36 monographs, received 42 patents on varieties and 8 patents on inventions, developed 40 guidelines and 9 technologies. | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт цветоводства и субтропических культур является старейшим в России институтом, ведущим научныеисследования в области субтропического растениеводства и цветоводства, основным научно-методическим и селекционно-технологическим центром по цветочно-декоративным, субтропическим и южным плодовым культурам. В структуру института в настоящее время входят 5 научных отделов, 2 научные лаборатории, 2 филиала, 2 опорных пункта, научная библиотека, Ученый совет,Аспирантура. За 2004-2014 гг. защищены 4 докторские и 12 кандидатских диссертаций. Коллекции цветочно-декоративных, субтропических и южных плодовых культур насчитывают на начало 2014 г. около 2 100 сортообразцов, часть коллекции поддерживается в условиях in vitro. Одним из приоритетных направлений научных исследований института является создание новых адаптивных сортов чая, цветочно-декоративных, субтропических и южных плодовых культур, разработка и усовершенствование методов ведения и моделирования селекционного процесса. Проводятся исследования по выявлению физиолого-биохимических показателей многофункционального действия, обеспечивающих комплексную адаптивность субтропических растений к экологическим условиям среды их обитания. Разрабатываются региональные технологии возделывания вышеуказанных культур, направленные на повышение урожайности, качества продукции, снижение энерго- и трудозатрат, обеспечение экологической безопасности. Для восстановления, поддержания и развития цветоводства в России, ведется разработка программы развития цветоводства на юге России, а также учёт и сохранение генетических коллекций цветочно-декоративных культур. По итогам научно-исследовательской работы за 2004-2013 гг. учеными института издано 36 монографий, получено 42 патента на сорта и 8 на изобретения, разработано 40 методических рекомендаций, 9 технологий.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2014

Izmajlov, A.Yu. | Smirnov, I.G. | Аrtyushin, А.А. | Khort, D.O. | Filippov, R.A., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Mechanization of Agriculture, Moscow

A current state of technical support of gardening in Russian Federation has been analyzed. It is noted that the existing domestic machines are not competitive in gardening production. Since 2012 The All-Russian Research and Development Institute of Mechanization of Agriculture created seven prototypes of the specialized machines of a high technological level, meeting the requirements of modern high-intensity agrotechnologies and operation safety. Involving investigators the field tests of three model samples of machines were carried out: garden rotary tiller with remote-mount section, scythe chopper and undertree devices for herbicides application. As a result it was found that, in comparison with traditional machine technologies and the used machines, new technical means support growth of productivity up to 30%, reduction of fuel consumption and maintenance labor input, improvement of working conditions and performed operations quality. The technical standards basis "Machines for modern technologies of industrial gardening in Russia" and "The computer program for rational selection of equipment and creation of machine technologies in gardening", supporting functional formation and machine technologies management was created. These works also benefit to scale up, generalize and systematize the current data on production, structure and realization of technical means for gardening. The block scheme of system of industrial technologies intellectual management in gardening was offered. Effectiveness of system use is in cost cutout due to changeover from traditional ways of technology management to automated by means of system software, a devices set for control of environment factors and plants condition assessment, a human factor elimination and optimization of plant nutrition regulations. | Проанализировано современное состояние технического обеспечения садоводства в Российской Федерации. Отмечено, что существующие отечественные машины не обеспечивают конкурентоспособного производства продукции садоводства. С 2012 г. Всероссийский НИИ механизации сельского хозяйства изготовил 7 опытных образцов специализированных машин на высоком техническом уровне, отвечающих требованиям современных высокоинтенсивных агротехнологий и безопасности труда. С участием специалистов-испытателей проведены полевые испытания 3 макетных образцов машин: фрезы садовой с выносной секцией, косилки-измельчителя и устройства для внесения гербицидов в приствольные зоны. В результате выявлено, что в сравнении с традиционными машинными технологиями и применяемыми машинами технические средства обеспечивают рост производительности до 30%, сокращение расхода топлива и трудоемкости технического обслуживания, улучшение условий труда и качества выполняемых работ. Разработана нормативно-техническая база данных "Машины для современных технологий промышленного садоводства России" и "Программа ЭВМ для рационального подбора техники и построения машинных технологий в садоводстве", обеспечивающих функциональное формирование и управление машинными технологиями и помогающих масштабировать, обобщать и систематизировать текущие данные о производстве, структуре и реализации технических средств для садоводства. Предложена структурная схема системы интеллектуального управления промышленными технологиями в садоводстве. Эффективность применения системы складывается из экономии средств, связанных с переходом от традиционных способов управления технологиями к автоматизированным с помощью программного обеспечения системы, комплекта приборов для контроля факторов внешней среды и оценки состояния растений, исключения человеческого фактора и оптимизации режимов питания растений.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Rupasova, Zh.A., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Central Botanical Garden | Titok, V.V. | Garanovich, I.M. | Shpitalnaya, T.V. | Vasilevskaya, T.I. | Varavina, N.P. | Krinitskaya, N.B., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Central Botanical Garden

The most important side of the research of introduced and minor crops appears comparative analysis of biochemical composition of the vegetables in many-years cycle of reviewing, determining not only genotypic peculiarities of each plant, but either composition of nutritive elements, depending on hydrothermal seasonal regime. The main goal of the research, presented in the article appears determination of interspecies differences of the degree of dependence on seasonal hydrothermal conditions of the parametres of accumulation of a number of organic acids, carbohydrates and bioflavonoides. The fruit of Lonicera edulis Turcz. ex Freyn, Chaenomeles maulei (Mast.) C. K. Schneid), Rosa rugosa L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Viburnum opulus L. are evaluated in the research. It is shown that according to long-term observations the biochemical composition of fruit of Rosa rugosa L. and Lonicera edulis Turcz. ex Freyn has the greatest stability, of Chaenomeles maulei Mast. C. K. Schneid – the lowest stability and of Sorbus aucuparia L. and Viburnum opulus L. – the intermediate one.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2013

Alejnikov, A.F. | Mineev, V.V. | Zolotarev, V.A. | Morozov, V.B., Siberia Physical and Technical Inst. of Agrarian Problems, Novosibirsk Region

The requirement of creation of devices for the assessment of quality is proved by measurement of their. Existing assessment methods for the geometrical parameters of young trees and fruit use mechanical sensors, which causes deformation of objects of measurement, which decreases determination accuracy. The high-precision contactless optical principle for the measurement of linear sizes with high metrological features and dynamic range of the determination of fruit and stem diameters is proposed. On the basis of the contactless optical shadow sensor BALLUFF the experimental sample of the device CALIBRE was developed and made. The sensor measures diameter of stem shadow and converts the signal into direct voltage. Analog-digital converter displays obtained value as numerical code. Device has as power source an accumulator of electric potential 24 V and capacity of 2.4 A-h. Results of tests of an experimental sample showed its quite high technical characteristics: range of measurements is from 6.5 to 24 mm, nominal price of unit of the smallest category is 0.1 mm, measurement time is no more, than 10 sec, overall dimensions are 50х85х95 mm, full mass (together with accumulators) is no more than 1750 g. The pactical application of the instrument for determining the geometric indices of fruit and stem quality of horticulture crops will reduce the expenditures of time for the estimation of seedling quality and will help breeders in breeding new varieties of horticulture crops, fitted out to the machinery working, and also in the development of intensive technologies for their cultivation. | Существующие методики оценки геометрических параметров саженцев и плодов, основанные на применении механических инструментов, вызывают деформацию объекта измерения, которая снижает точность определения. Предложен высокоточный бесконтактный оптический принцип измерения линейных размеров с широкими функциональными возможностями и динамическим диапазоном определения диаметров плодов и штамбов. На основе бесконтактного оптического теневого датчика фирмы BALLUFF разработан и изготовлен экспериментальный образец прибора "КАЛИБР". Датчик измеряет тень от штамба и преобразует сигнал в напряжение постоянного тока. Аналого-цифровой преобразователь выводит полученное значение на экран в виде цифрового кода. Прибор питается от аккумулятора напряжением 24 В и емкостью 2,4 А-ч. Результаты исследовательских испытаний экспериментального образца показали достаточно высокие технические характеристики: диапазон измерений от 6,5 до 24 мм, номинальная цена единицы наименьшего разряда 0,1 мм, время измерения не более 10 с, габаритные размеры 250х85х95 мм, масса с аккумуляторами – не более 1750 г. Применение прибора для определения геометрических показателей качества плодов и штамбов садовых культур на практике сократит затраты времени на оценку качества саженцев и окажет результативную помощь селекционерам при выведении новых сортов садовых культур, приспособленных к машинной обработке, а также при разработке интенсивных технологий их возделывания.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Lovkis, O.V., Belarus State Agrarian Technical Univ., Minsk

Vegetable and fruit producing appears one of the most important sources of supplying of population with vitamin, dietary and medicinal products. Government of economically developed countries support national programs aimed on the development of the branch. The article represents an overview of the foreign experience upon the problem of organization of business in the sphere of vegetable and fruit producing. The main goal of the research appears a complex analysis of the peculiarities of horticultural production organization, development of cooperation and integration between production enterprises and evaluation of the main directions of state support. The basic legal forms of business in vegetable growing in the United States, European countries and China are considered. The article presents the main aspects of cooperation and integration of horticultural branch, main peculiarities of sale and state support of horticultural producing enterprises in foreign countries.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2013

Konstantinov, A.V. | Kulagin, D.V. | Balandina, I.M. | Padutov, V.E., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). Institute of Forestry

In course of the research there was studied the optimization of the acclimatization procedure of propagated in vitro planting stock of birch decorative form (Betula pendula Roth. var. dalecarlica Schneid.). The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in a laboratory of genetics and biotechnology of the Institute of Forestry. As a result of realized research it was revealed that this woody plant was promising for use in the city and private landscaping. It was found that mechanical structure of the substrates, which were the initial stages of adaptation of micro propagated plants had a significant impact on their growth and development during the rearing of planting material in a closed soil. Changing the ratio of the substrate components during the initial stages of adaptation ex vitro plants affected the dynamics of growth of plant micro propagation of dalecarlica birch. Optimal soil substrate for acclimatization to non-sterile conditions was a mixture of peat, sand and perlite in the ratio 3:1:2 respectively. The agrochemical indices of substrates, average bole height and a value of plant gain, the gain intensity of micro propagated plants in a dynamics were presented.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Sinyak, S.O. | Yurin, A.N., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Agriculture Mechanization

In the technology of cultivation of fruit trees it is necessary to carry out the annual formation of the crown, which is the most important agronomic taking care of fruit-bearing vegetation, which achieves higher yields and fruit quality. Pruning of trees leads to large quantities of wood waste between rows of garden. Depending on the variety, age and other biological characteristics of the volume of fruit trees cut branches up to 10-20 tons or more per hectare. The problem of utilization and management of disposal of fruit wood is relevant in fruit growing. The most rational and promising in modern horticulture is cut shredding of branches and splitting them into chipped wood state directly in the garden aisles while mulching the soil particulate material. The paper outlines the rationale for creating multi-functional technical means enabling simultaneous raking the cut branches of different ages, located between the rows and rows of trees planted, their location in the middle between the rows, chopping of the wood into the chips and subsequent placement on the surface of the soil between the rows garden.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Autko, A.A. | Zabara, Yu.M. | Ganush, G.I. | Nalobova, V.L. | Prishchepa, I.A. | Titok, V.V. | Rupasova, Zh.A. | Khotyleva, L.V. | Kupreenko, N.P. | Stepuro, M.F. | Gorodilov, N.A. | Aksenyuk, A.R. | Mojsevich, N.V. | Chajkovskij, A.I. | Autko, An.A. | Grebennikova, L.Yu. | Mishin, L.A. | Khleborodov, A.Ya. | Bokhan, A.I. | Opimakh, V.V. | Myshkevich, O.Ch. | Dosina-Dubeshko, E.S. | Putyrskij, I.N. | Vedennev, A.N.

Main tendencies of the development of vegetable growing in the Republic of Belarus are presented in the book, modern technologies are analyzed. Development of vegetable growing industry is evaluated; contemporary status of vegetable producing, perspective priority directions of the extension of vegetable growing are outlined; general characteristic of agro-climatic conditions and soil status is given; peculiarities of vegetables cultivation are analyzed; specialized vegetable crop rotations are presented; fertilizing, irrigation and soil cultivation is described; modern technologies of vegetable growing are enumerated. Cultivation of different vegetable cultivars is analyzed; growing of cabbages, table edible root vegetables, carrot, onion, garlic, legumes, pumpkins, cucumbers, tomatoes, cucurbits, medicinal plants and herbs is described in details. Application of biotechnological methods and techniques in vegetable growing is evaluated; main directions of producing of environmental safety vegetable and fruit production are outlined. Systems of weed, pest and disease protective measures are mentioned. Application of pesticides, fertilizers and growth regulators is substantiated; factors of radionuclides, heavy metals and nitrates decline are enumerated. System of information supply of vegetable producing branch is suggested; computer technologies of optimization of productivity of vegetable cultivars are developed and offered. Bio-energetic evaluation of the main technologies of vegetable growing is made; the problems of storage, realization and distribution of vegetable production are reflected.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus