AGRIS - 

2021

Aransyah M.F. | Hetami A.A.

Politics is an organizational activity associated with power and personal status. Politics that occur on the spot is becoming increasingly common among workers. Of course, many factors influence the emergence of politics in the workplace. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. In this research, the method used is to conduct literature studies by analyzing various books, research journals, and other scientific references that discuss workplace politics that have been published from 1989-2018. Several indicators are formed through the literature review, and there are relationships with political behavior. The five indicators are unclear objectives, budget allocation, decision making, salary and promotion, power, and job dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction impacts workplace politics and is not the same as the five factors that influence workplace politics.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2021

Amir A. | Salman D. | Fahmid I.M.

The practice of identity politics built through a regime of power is part of a social fact that has grown more widely in various regions in Indonesia, especially post-reformation. The difference between identity politics in Indonesia is essential to study to maintain political stability. The phenomenon of strengthening identity politics is explicitly found in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. This study aims to analyze the Practice of Identity Politics in the Pilkada of Bangka Belitung. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research was conducted in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The research results show that the people of Bangka Belitung as a multi-ethnic community in their daily life before the election live in a harmonious atmosphere. Enter the post-conflict local election period, inter-ethnic relations, especially between local indigenous groups, native immigrants, and Chinese ethnic groups, were divided into ethnic groups based on primordial sentiments. The ethnic identities of the people of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province can be grouped into three groups. The three groups include the indigenous ethnic group, the indigenous immigrant ethnic group, and the Tinghoa ethnic group. In the political context in a multi-ethnic region, especially in the post-conflict local election / legislative election contestation, identifying ethnic identity is imperative. Actor in the arena to win the ethnic identity battle becomes a strategy in contestation. Factors supporting actors in winning the battle to gain power, maintain, and even expand power in the arena must be supported by capital, a cultural capital, or symbolic capital and take advantage of primordial sentiments.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

Luqman Y. | Lailiyah N. | Yuliyanto M.

The election of the Governor of Central Java in 2018 result was Ganjar Pranowo and Taj Yasin as the winners. Messages in political campaigns are important elements that can determine the candidate's victory or failure in political contestation. The messages in the campaign are specifically designed based on the character of the specific target voters and should not be generalized to all groups of voters. As one of the national food barns, it was interesting to figure out how specific messages related to food security are perceived by voters. The research method used was a mixed method with in-depth interviews with voters with agricultural background and survey to young voters who are considered by researchers to have the greatest opportunity to be exposed by a variety of specific issues in the campaign because of their high media consumption. The results of the study show that specific issue like food security was only a concern for voters who have strong relevance to the issue. However, it was not the only basis for consideration in choosing candidates for related voters.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

Petrikov, A.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Agricultural Economics, Moscow

On the basis of comparing the data of the all-Russian agricultural census of 2016 and the census of 2006 the tendencies of technological development of agriculture are considered. The processes of land reclamation, the application of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, the state of agricultural machinery, the use of elite seeds, and the provision of industrial infrastructure entities are analyzed. The differentiation of the level of accessibility to the intensification tools and innovative technologies of large agricultural organizations, small enterprises and peasant farms is pointed out. As a rule, higher technologies are accessible for only large organizations. Application scale in agriculture of innovations is small – about 15%. The main directions of improvement of scientific and technological policy in agriculture are considered. The conclusion is drawn that it is necessary to expand use of traditional production intensification tools f and also to accelerate the development of new, only emerging technologies. Need of stimulation of demand for innovations through creation of a state-private company on innovations in agrarian and industrial complex and foundation for scientific and technical agricultural development is proved. It is required to increase significantly financing of agrarian science, especially applied developments. | На основе сравнения данных Всероссийских сельскохозяйственных переписей 2006 г. и 2016 г. рассмотрены тенденции технологического развития сельского хозяйства. Анализируются процессы мелиорации земель, применения минеральных удобрений и пестицидов, состояние сельскохозяйственной техники, использование элитных семян, обеспеченность объектами производственной инфраструктуры. Отмечается дифференциация уровня доступности к средствам интенсификации и инновационным технологиям крупных с.-х. организаций, малых предприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств. Как правило, технологии более высокого уровня доступны только крупным с.-х. организациям. Масштабы применения в сельском хозяйстве инноваций невелики – около 15%. Рассмотрены основные направления совершенствования научно-технологической политики в сельском хозяйстве. Сделан вывод, что необходимо расширить использование традиционных средств интенсификации производства, а также ускорить освоение новых, только зарождающихся технологий. Обоснована необходимость стимулирования спроса на инновации через создание государственно-частной компании по инновациям в АПК и Фонда научно-технического развития сельского хозяйства. Требуется существенно увеличить финансирование аграрной науки, особенно прикладных разработок.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Dul'zon, S.V., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Organization of Production, Work and Management in Agriculture, Moscow

The purpose of the study is to determine the economic content of modern forms and types of employment, to study their peculiarities in agriculture. The dynamics of the average number of people employed in the agricultural sectors of the RF from the data for 2000-2014 is analyzed. Particular attention is given to productive employment. Within a limited number of rural jobs there is increase in variety and importance of the so-called non-standard forms of employment, which include unstable (temporary) employment, part-time employment, self-employment, overemployment, household employment, informal employment, freelancing, outsourcing, contracted work , distance employment, outstaffing. A conclusion is made that there is a need to ensure the demand for cost-effective employment for the workforce (with their abilities, interests and motivation for high performance) in combination with preservation of socially proved employment. It will not only increase the productivity of employment, but also to normalize the investment policy for productive jobs, including the development of human capital. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the state policy in solving the problems of rural employment. It is predicted that the main priorities in thus field could be: improvement of the labour law; formation of a flexible agricultural labour market; improvement of working and recreational conditions for agricultural workers; development of vocational training and retraining; promotion of employment; wage increase; promotion of self-employment of the population, including development of small business. | Цель исследования – определение экономического содержания современных форм и видов занятости, изучение их особенностей в сельском хозяйстве. Анализируется динамика среднегодовой численности занятых в секторах сельского хозяйства РФ по данным за 2000-2014 гг. Особое внимание уделено продуктивной занятости. В условиях ограниченного количества рабочих мест на селе увеличиваются и возрастают масштабы и значение так называемых нестандартных форм занятости, к которым относят непостоянную (временную) занятость, неполную занятость, самозанятость, сверхзанятость, занятость в домашних хозяйствах, неформальную занятость, фрилансерство, аутсорсинг, заемный труд, дистанционную занятость, аутстаффинг. Сделан вывод, что назрела необходимость обеспечения спроса на экономически эффективные рабочие места со стороны рабочей силы (со способностями, интересами и мотивацией к высокопроизводительному труду) в сочетании с сохранением социально обусловленной занятости для работников. Это позволит не только повысить продуктивность занятости, но и упорядочить инвестиционную политику по созданию эффективных рабочих мест, в том числе с развитием человеческого капитала. Поэтому необходимо усилить политику государства в решении проблем занятости сельского населения. Прогнозируется, что основными приоритетными направлениями политики в этой области могут стать: совершенствование трудового законодательства; формирование гибкого рынка аграрного труда; улучшение условий труда и отдыха сельскохозяйственных работников; развитие системы профессиональной подготовки и переподготовки работников; содействие трудоустройству; увеличение оплаты труда в сельском хозяйстве; стимулирование самозанятости населения, в том числе путем развития малого предпринимательства.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2016

Tchernyaev A.A. | Pavlenko I.V. | Belokopytova L.E.

In the Saratov region the representatives of agricultural producers and trade organizations were interviewed regarding the market outlets (132 respondents were involved). It has been found that mist agricultural producers experience the difficulties at the stage of selling finished products, because the AIC products are perishable and seasonal. The agrarians must resort to services of mediators-purchasers, and that, in its turn, brings lowering the purchase price and the level of profitability in the agricultural production. An analysis of the advantages and shortages of various channels for selling agricultural products, raw materials and food, there has been revealed that each channel is designed for its producer and has its advantages and disadvantages. A small producer will be greater interested in trade at fairs, where expenses and expenditures are minimum and the larger one will be interested by constant sale market, possibility of involving new purchasers, increasing the assortment of proposed products. And more effective here is the sale via the own trade point or network shop. However the approach to organized markets and network shops is blocked up by administrative barriers. A successful example for overcoming them is given. Due to joint –efforts of the administration of the district and concerned producers - at the territory of the Engels municipal formation the Center of collective using high technology equipment “Pokrov vegetables” was created. Thanks to using high technology equipment, intended for cleaning, caliberating, packing, cooling and storage of vegetables and potatoes, it has become possible to fulfill the rules of trade in large network organizations. That has permitted concluding a contract with the retail network on selling foods Magnit and opening access of agricultural producers to the mass buyers, expanding the sale markets of products, raising the effectiveness of agricultural production. | В Саратовской обл. был проведен опрос представителей сельхозпроизводителей и торговых организаций относительно каналов реализации сельхозпродукции (всего участвовало 132 респондента). Выявлено, что большинство с.-х. товаропроизводителей испытывают трудности на этапе сбыта готовой продукции, поскольку продукция АПК скоропортящаяся и сезонная. Аграриям приходится прибегать к услугам посредников-перекупщиков, а это, в свою очередь, приводит к снижению закупочной цены и уровня рентабельности с.-х. производства. При анализе преимуществ и недостатков различных каналов реализации с.-х. продукции, сырья и продовольствия выявлено, что каждый канал рассчитан на своего производителя и имеет свои достоинства и недостатки. Мелкого товаропроизводителя больше заинтересует торговля на ярмарках, где издержки и затраты минимальны, а более крупного будут интересовать постоянный рынок сбыта, возможности привлечения новых покупателей, увеличения ассортимента предлагаемой продукции. И здесь более эффективна продажа через собственную торговую точку или сетевой магазин. Однако доступ на организованные рынки и сетевые магазины преграждают административные барьеры. Приведен успешный пример их преодоления. Благодаря совместным усилиям администрации района и заинтересованных товаропроизводителей на территории Энгельсского муниципального образования был создан Центр коллективного пользования высокотехнологичным оборудованием "Покровские овощи". Благодаря использованию высокотехнологичного оборудования, предназначенного для очистки, калибровки, фасовки, охлаждения и хранения овощей и картофеля, стало возможным выполнение правил торговли крупных сетевых организаций. Это позволило заключить контракт с розничной сетью по торговле продуктами питания "Магнит" и открыло доступ сельхозтоваропроизводителей к массовому покупателю, расширило рынки сбыта производимой продукции, повысило эффективность с.-х. производства.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Jacob Tagarirofa | Bernard Chazovachii

The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of community participation in rural development projects in Zimbabwe testing the credibility of the popularized supposition that almost all contemporary development efforts characteristically embrace local participation. Public participation is widely assumed to be an essential ingredient for the fruition of rural development efforts. The research made use of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in which unstructured interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used as data gathering instruments. The analysis of data was enabled by the use of People-Centered Development (PCD) as a conceptual framework. Findings revealed that the level of community participation in the district is not only minimal, but it is also top down. This has much to do with the negative perceptions by facilitating agents viewing local people as passive recipients of externally crafted models of development and other factors such as the power dynamics within and between the community and other stakeholders. The research also found preferential treatment of other tribal groups by the facilitating agent, intra group conflicts and bureaucratic and political influence as obstacles militating against effective participation. Based on these findings, and consistent with the wider literature, recommendation are that the nature of community engagement should be based on the principle of equal partnership among all stakeholders as this would encourage full cooperation and thus effective participation.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2011

Baran, G.A., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Institute of System Studies in Agro - Industrial Complex

Balances of food resources are a system of parameters which characterize sources of resource formation of the main types of foodstuffs and channels of its use. The balance shows production flow from the moment of its production till the moment of its final use. The balance makes it possible to carry out current analysis and to predict development of situation at food products market, to estimate requirements for import, to determine resources of food consumption. The balance of required and actual levels of foodstuffs production in a country proved to be a basis for accounting system on evaluation of a level of food security and food independence of a country, as well as the base for planning of vital food stuffs production. Food security - a component of an economic security, the key factor of preserving statesmanship and the sovereignty, and also a necessary condition of high quality of the population life in each country and separate region.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2009

Abele, J., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava

There is reflection of phenomenon of globalization in the theoretical part of the article. The authors of the article point out the methodological aspect of globalization studies and express a belief that globalization covers all spheres of humankind. Globalization brings forward problems which demand searching for causes and conditions of it. The new methodological approach which accumulates scientific and social aspects is necessary for grasping problems of globalization. It is worthy to rethink concepts of "socio-economical formation", "civilization" and "culture". The empirical part of the article explores results of sociological survey with the aim to explain various opinions on globalization of students of Latvia University of Agriculture. The survey included 273 students from all faculties and all study years (8, 3; of fulltime students population). The results of survey demonstrate the situation in Latvia in recent years from the cultural and geopolitical aspects of globalization.

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Fundamental Library of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies - Latvia

2008

Vasilchienko, M.Ya.

The analysis of such phenomena, as support of agrofood producers allows revealing the particularities of the leaping and support of the commodity producers of provisions in Russia. For the enterprises of the Russian agroindustrial complex on boarder of the ages problem of the adaptation possibilities of support of the agricultural commodity became specifically significant. On the base of the international indicator with use of the expert method target landmarks of the protectionism protection of the commodity produesers of the food sphere in Russia are revealed. These landmarks allow value the adaptation possibilities of the agricultural enterprise operation, potential of the import submission and level of title protectionism. In long-term prospect (2016-2030) the preventive strategy use, allowing reach the correspondences of the budgetary support of the agrofood complex to the world-level and conservations of the efficient protectionism protection will have the greatest value for development of the agrofood complex. The additional measures for successful realization of the state program of the development of the agriculture in cattle breeding segment can be:1)making of the sufficient stern basis on base of the improvement of the fodder production structure, using of the new technologies, renewal of the subsidy on bulk purchase mixed feed for cattle breeding complex and integrated poultry farm; 2) a canceling of the duties on import on protein components, forming 30 % of the pro-vender s prime cost; 3)a compensation of the financial losses to the agricultural commodity producer at acquisition of the power resource or additional charges on marketed cattle breeding product by them.4)prolongation of customs-tariff protection with adjustment of the amounts of the quotas or tariff depending on rate of growth own production. In conclusion it is necessary to note that main purposes of the development of the national agrofood sector are connected with achievement of agricultural production stability, overtaking development of the priority of the agroindustrial complex branches, increasing of the social-economic status of the rural population

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation