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2024

Medvedev, A.M. | Tikhonova, V.K.

It is especially necessary to search for and create valuable source material in order to create more advanced, highly productive varieties of winter triticale. The world triticale collection is studied and used annually at the Nemchinovka Research Center and hybridization of local varieties with the best varieties of domestic and foreign breeding is also used. Good results were obtained by crossing highly productive varieties, well adapted to the natural conditions of the Moscow region, Victor, Hermes, Nina, Arctur with the assortment of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, the best domestic varieties of the National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Krasnodar), FRANTS RAS (Rostov-on-Don), Stavropol Research Institute. As a result, a promising breeding material has been created that allows you to identify competitive lines.

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Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops - Russian Federation

2024

Glazova, Z.I.

The article presents the results of research (2021-2023) to study the effect of various agrochemicals (nitrophoska N16P16K16,, Biostim for grain, Ultramag Molybdenum, Intermag Profi for pods and legumes) and methods of their application (application in rows and foliar fertilization) on the yield of new lentil varieties (Vostochnaya, Orlovskaya the redgrained and Flamenco). It was found that even in a variety of weather conditions in the years of research, the leading position in terms of yield level is occupied by the variety Flamenco (1.97-2.18 t/ha). Variation of this indicator in the variety Vostochnaya from 1.59 to 1.84 t/ha, in the variety Orlovskaya the redgrained - from 1.89 to 2.09 t/ha. The share of influence of the factor "variety" on lentil grain harvest from 1 ha ranges from 19.7 to 25.1%. It was revealed that the use of complex mineral fertilizers (nitrophoska N16P16K16 – application in rows), as well as organomineral (Biostim for grain, Ultramag Molybdenum, Intermag Profi for pods and legumes – foliar fertilization at budding and bean initiation phases) provides a statistically reliable increase in yield from 0.10 to 0.21 t/ha with a share of their significance: in Vostochnaya variety - 7.8%, in Orlovskaya the redgrained variety - 8.1%, in Flamenco variety - 8.5%. It was revealed that the efficiency of application of tested agrochemicals on lentils depended on the weather conditions of a particular year, the proportion of their influence in the varietal aspect was 54-60-76%, respectively. The factor "method of application" of agrochemicals was less effective: its share, on average, is from 2.3 to 3.5%. The conducted comparative assessment of the effectiveness of agrochemicals depending on the method of application showed that leaf fertilization of lentils with organomineral fertilizers produced by JSC "Shchelkovo Agrochem", the most economically justified, as at lower costs for their consumption per hectare provides income from 8.73 to 1293 thousand rubles/ha, which is 4.51-6.91 thousand more than the application of complex mineral fertilizers in rows. Consequently, to optimize mineral nutrition in lentil cultivation, it is advisable to use leaf fertilization with organomineral complex fertilizers during the growing season, as an alternative way to apply complex fertilizers in the rows

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Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops - Russian Federation

2024

Aghaev, F. | Asgarov, A. | Mustafayev, Z. | Hasanli, Kh. | Gadzhieva, A.

In the article in 2020-2022, locally improved onion varieties Govsan and Sabir, depending on irrigation regimes (normal watering - 12 times, control, 8 times - hard mode, 4 times - acute mode) during the growing season, some biomorphological indicators - height plants. the number of leaves, the mass of the aerial part, the mass of leaves, “false” stems, roots and bulbs, the length and diameter of the bulbs, the bulb index - and the results of changes in the amount of total wet biomass and plant productivity. light bulbs are presented. It has been shown that biomorphological changes in different onion varieties manifest themselves differently depending on the growth phases and irrigation regime. Artificial soil drought negatively affects the biomorphological parameters of the studied varieties (with the exception of roots, i. e. soil drought does not have a serious effect on the mass of roots) and as a result, the productivity of both varieties decreases, but this decrease is higher in the locally improved variety Govsan than in the relatively drought-resistant Sabir variety. happens. It was found that in the locally improved variety Govsan in acute mode the amount of total wet biomass decreased by 41.3-49.5%, and the weight of the bulbs - by 33.6-52% compared to the control, and in the variety Sabir - which is more stable to drought, these indicators decreased by 20.2 and amounted to 40.2% and 26.5-38.4%. In this regard, the hard regime occupies an intermediate position, that is, in this regime, soil drought does not significantly affect the onion yield, and the yield loss is 7.2-29.6% in Locally Improved Govsan, and 3.2-25% in Sabira. Therefore, in the economic regions of Mil-Mugan and Karabakh, where onions are grown, if there is a serious water shortage in the summer months, it is enough to water this plant 8 times instead of 12, which allows you to save a significant amount. irrigation water (at least 2000 m3/ha).

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2024

Bayramov, L.

The article presents the yield of local and imported almond varieties and some newly discovered almond forms cultivated in the territory of Babek and Kangarli districts. Here, the yield from each tree and the yield per hectare were studied separately, and the average yield was calculated for the varieties. Including the productivity of each almond variety and form, the yield per 1 m3 canopy volume, 1 m2canopy projection, 1 cm2 cross-section of the stamp and 1 m2leaf surface of the tree was calculated and detailed based on the methods compared with the varieties. Depending on the varieties, the volume of the canopy is 10.54-23.22 m3, the projection area of the canopy is 7.52-11.85 m2, the cross-section of the stamp is 156.23-185.59 cm2, the leaf surface of the tree is 12.31-30.72 m2 The specific weight per m3 of the umbrella is 2.01-2.91 kg, the productivity coefficient per m2of the projection area of the umbrella is 3.10-4.64 kg, the weight per 1 cm2of the cross section of the stamp is 0.16-0.28 kg and the weight per m3of leaf area was 1.30-2.73 kg. Here, the average weight of each fruit, the weight of the kernel, the weight of the seed for each variety and shape were studied and the most productive varieties and shapes were selected and planted in large areas. recommended. Also, among the promising varieties and forms, the varieties and forms with the highest seed yield were identified and selected. It is appropriate to use the selected varieties and forms in planting new orchards.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2024

Alieva, I.

This article has been investigated and evaluated by studying the specification of anatomical structure of the sort samples of tomatoes. Studies have shown that anatomical indicators mainly have a great importance in learning of drought resistance, determining the origins of the different varieties, choosing of hybrid plants in selection work of the size and number of stomata, and total thickness of the leaves. Studying of anatomical characters of tomato sort samples and hybrids plants has shown that learning of the total thickness of the leaf and the size of number of stomata has a certain importance in selection of hybrid plants. It is defined that in sort samples which their cuticle layer is thick, water evaporation decreases, and they become resistible to illness. So, the sample of Volgograd 5/95, 82 and 90 in upper epidermis and the sample of 93 in lower epidermis were differed for the thickness of cuticle layer. As results of studies, it has been identified that chlorenchyma present in the sort samples predominant for differing according to the total thickness of the leaf. Moreover, studying of the leaf cells has shown that the evaporation of water is higher in the leaves which the number of stomatas is more, and the epidermis cells are few, for that reason, the leaves of Solanum pimpinellifolium L. (wild form) are in thin needle shaped in order to reduce the transpiration. Exactly for this reason, it’s recommended to use the wild form as a donor in conducting the future selection work.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2024

Скородилов В.И. | Кузьмина Т.И.

Выявлены множественные отмирания деревьев черешни в молодом саду. Установили, что основной причиной отмирания деревьев явился минеральный состав почвы, в т.ч. повышенное содержание хлоридов, тяжёлый механический состав. Интенсивным выпадам деревьев способствовали сопутствующие инфекции: грибы родов Fusarium, Verticillium, Alternaria, Cytospora. Кроме перечисленных проблем существует проблема подбора подходящей почвы для культивирования черешни. Для успешного роста и плодоношения черешни кубанские чернозёмы вполне пригодны и не отражаются негативно на росте и развитии черешневых деревьев. Непригодны для возделывания черешни глинистые и тяжелосуглинистые почвы, подстилаемые глиной из-за отмирания всасывающей корневой системы в толще почвы, лишенной притока кислорода и содержащей токсичные элементы.

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Cifra Ltd - Russian Federation

2024

Айба , Лесик Янкович | Платонова, Наталия Борисовна | Белоус, Оксана Геннадьевна

Рассмотрено содержание биологически активных веществ в новых перспективных сортах киви селекции Научно-исследовательского института сельского хозяйства Академии наук Абхазии. Использован спектрофотометрический метод определения биологически активных веществ (антоцианов, фотосинтетических пигментов, полифенолов), который основан на определении оптической плотности раствора анализируемых веществ при определенных длинах волн. Целью является анализ сортовой спецификации плодов киви по накоплению в них таких биологически активных веществ, как пигменты (антоцианы, хлорофилл и каротиноиды) и полифенолы. Количественно определено в плодах пять основных групп антоцианов, причем существенное превышение количеств этого класса пигментов отмечено у сорта Победитель (сумма антоцианов – 375.46 мг/100 г при 122.85–170.01 мг/100 г у остальных сортов; НСР05 = 9.34). Преобладающей группой антоциановых пигментов в плодах киви является пеларгонидин-3-глюкозид, содержание которого у сортов находится в пределах 26.43 мг/100 г (сорт Слава) – 79.00 мг/100 г (сорт Победитель). Определено содержание хлорофиллов и каротиноидов, большее количество которых накапливается в плодах сортов Отхара (1.58 мг/100 г хлорофилла и 0.37 мг/100 г каротиноидов) и Гулрипшский (1.58 и 0.23 мг/100 г соответственно). Установлено количество синтезируемых в плодах полифенолов. Сорта Победитель и Гулрипшский наиболее богаты фенольными компонентами (1576.5–1582.6 мг/100 г). Данные биохимических анализов показали перспективность трех новых голоплодных золотистых сортов: Победитель, Гулрипшский и Отхара. Полученные результаты будут использованы в дальнейшей селекционной работе по получению сортов, наиболее богатых биологически активными веществами антиоксидантного характера и представляющих несомненный интерес для потребителя. | The content of biologically active substances in new promising varieties of kiwi breeding of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia is considered. A spectrophotometric method for determining biologically active substances (anthocyanins, photosynthetic pigments, polyphenols) was used, which is based on determining the optical density of the solution of the analyzed substances at certain wavelengths. The aim is to analyze the varietal specification of kiwi fruits for the accumulation of biologically active substances such as pigments (anthocyanins, chlorophyll and carotenoids) and polyphenols in them. Five main groups of anthocyanins were quantified in fruits, and a significant excess of the amounts of this class of pigments was noted in the cv. Pobeditel (the amount of anthocyanins was 375.46 mg/100 g at 122.85–170.01 mg/100 g in the remaining varieties; LSD05 = 9.34). The predominant group of anthocyanin pigments in kiwi fruits is pelargonidin-3-glucoside, the content of which in varieties is in the range of 26.43 mg/100 g (cv. Slava) – 79.00 mg/100 g (cv. Pobeditel). The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined, the greater amount of which accumulates in the fruits of the cv. Otkhara (1.58 mg/100 g of chlorophyll and 0.37 mg/100 g of carotenoids) and cv. Gulripshsky (1.58 and 0.23 mg/100 g, respectively). The amount of polyphenols synthesized in fruits has been established. The cv. Pobeditel and cv. Gulripshsky are the most rich in phenolic components (1576.5–1582.6 mg/100 g). The data of biochemical analyses showed the prospects of three new golden varieties without pubescence: Pobeditel, Gulripshsky and Otkhara. The results obtained will be used in further breeding work to obtain varieties that are the richest in biologically active substances of an antioxidant nature, and are of undoubted interest to the consumer.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2023

Shabanov, A.Eh.

To expand the regions of cultivation new potato varieties, it is necessary to determine their adaptability to specific agro-climatic growing conditions. The research purpose is to identify groups of leading potato varieties of various target uses, characterized by a high stable yield level, high marketability, in view of the soil climate in various agroecological zones. Further, these varieties will to be included in regional programs for the development of original and elite seed production. In 2014–2016, at test areas located in 5 regions of the Russian Federation, a of 19 potato varieties bred in Russia of different maturation dates were comprehensive assessed in terms of performance and adaptability of varieties with high yield potential and product quality in various agroecological conditions. According to the research results, the following varieties were identified: Udacha by the highest stability (Sgi=33.6), Amur, Bryanskij delikates, Meteor, Krepysh, Kolobok, Irbitskij, and Chajka by general adaptive ability, increased environmental sustainability and high potential performance (SCGi=415.5–461.8). these varieties are recommended for breeding as environmental sustainability sources. The best responsiveness to changing environmental conditions is in Gornjak, Matushka, and Favorit varieties (bi = 1.23), which are most suitable for intensive potato growing technologies in various agroecological zones. Based on the comparative assessments, the varieties of different maturation groups most adapted to local growing conditions were determined. There are Udacha, Zhukovskij rannij, Meteor, Krepysh, Glorija, Bashkirskij, Bryanskij delikates, Charodej, Kolobok, Spiridon, Irbitskij, Fritella for the Central region; Udacha, Zhukovskij rannij, Krepysh, Amur, Fritella, Spiridon for the North-Western region; Matushka, Meteor, Krepysh, Branskij delikates, Gornjak, Irbitskij, Chajka, Kolobok for the Volga-Vyatka region; Meteor, Bashkirskij, Bryanskij delikates, Gornjak, Krasavchik, Kolobok, Irbitskij for the West Siberian region; Bashkirskij, Glorija, Kolobok, Fritella, Chajka for the Middle Volga region. | Для расширения регионов возделывания новых сортов картофеля необходимо выявить их приспособленность к конкретным агроклиматическим условиям выращивания. Цель исследований – выделить группы лидирующих сортов картофеля различного целевого использования, отличающихся высоким стабильным уровнем урожайности, высокой товарностью с учетом климата почв в различных агроэкологических зонах для включения в региональные программы развития оригинального и элитного семеноводства. В 2014–2016 гг. на испытательных участках в 5 регионах Российской Федерации была проведена комплексная оценка 19 сортов картофеля российской селекции разных сроков созревания по продуктивности и адаптивности сортов, отличающихся высоким потенциалом урожайности и качества продукции в различных агроэкологических условиях. По результатам исследований выделены сорта с наиболее высокой стабильностью (Удача, Sgi=33,6), общей адаптивной способностью, повышенной экологической устойчивостью и высокой потенциальной продуктивностью (Амур, Брянский деликатес, Метеор, Крепыш, Колобок, Ирбитский и Чайка, СЦГi=415,5–461,8), что позволяет рекомендовать данные сорта для селекции в качестве источника экологической устойчивости. Лучшую отзывчивость на изменение условий среды имеют сорта Горняк, Матушка и Фаворит (bi=1,23), которые наиболее пригодны для интенсивных технологий выращивания картофеля в различных агроэкологических зонах. На основании проведенных сравнительных оценок определены сорта разных групп созревания, наиболее приспособленные к местным условиям выращивания: Центральный регион – Удача, Жуковский ранний, Метеор, Крепыш, Глория, Башкирский, Брянский деликатес, Чародей, Колобок, Спиридон, Ирбитский, Фрителла; Северо-Западный регион – Удача, Жуковский ранний, Крепыш, Амур, Фрителла, Спиридон; Волго-Вятский регион – Матушка, Метеор, Крепыш, Брянский деликатес, Горняк, Ирбитский, Чайка, Колобок; Западно-Сибирский регион – Метеор, Башкирский, Брянский деликатес, Горняк, Красавчик, Колобок, Ирбитский; Средне-Волжский регион – Башкирский, Глория, Колобок, Фрителла, Чайка.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Eremin, D.I. | Lyubimova, A.V. | Eremina, D.V.

The screening of drought-resistant oat varieties is based on the selection of identification indicators and the creation of a comprehensive assessment system that effectively identifies the most promising genotypes for further breeding. During 3-year (2020-2022) dummy experiments, 40 oats varieties of Russian breeding were studied. The plants were undergone soil drought stress during tillering and flowering development stages. Morphophysiological indicators were registered, and the relevant indices were calculated. The research was carried out in an unheated summer-type greenhouse located on the territory of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals, the Tyumen region. Oat plants of the same varieties that grew with regular watering and did not experience moisture deficiency were used as reference. Plant height and yield components, protein content values in leaves, chlorophyll index, relative water content in leaves and membrane stability index were determined. It was found each indicator separately cannot be used to assess the oat drought resistance objectively. Assessment of genotypes by drought susceptibility index (DSI) and drought tolerance index (DTI) allows identifying groups of drought-resistant oats varieties and assessing the degree of its influence on the yield components. The varieties 'Privet', 'Peredovik', 'Sig', 'Faust', 'Novosibirsk 5', 'Barguzin', 'Assol' are resistant to soil droughts during tillering and flowering. Their DSI was less than 0.83 and 0.78 units, respectively. Such varieties as 'CROSS', 'Vilensky' and 'Horizont' also had high drought resistance during tillering. The drought in the later period led to very severe stress, which negatively affected productivity. The group of most drought susceptible genotypes consisted of 'Dedal', 'Narymsky 943', 'Pesets', 'Lgovsky', 'Tigrovy', 'Express', 'Tayoschnik', 'Bulany', 'Borets', and 'Desant' varieties. Their DSI was more than 1.2 units. | В основе определения засухоустойчивых сортов овса стоит отбор идентификационных показателей и создание системы комплексной оценки, позволяющей эффективно выделить наиболее перспективные генотипы для селекционной работы. В ходе трехлетних (2020-2022 гг.) модельных опытов было изучено 40 сортов овса российской селекции с измерением морфофизиологических показателей и расчетом соответствующих индексов в условиях стресса, вызванного почвенной засухой во время кущения и цветения. Исследования проводили в неотапливаемой теплице летнего типа, расположенной на территории НИИ сельского хозяйства Северного Зауралья (Тюменская область). В качестве контроля использовали те же сорта, которые росли при регулярном поливе и не испытывали дефицита влаги. Определяли высоту растений, элементы структуры урожая, значения содержания протеина в листьях, хлорофилловый индекс, относительное содержание воды в листьях и индекс стабильности мембран. Установили, что использование каждого показателя по отдельности не дает возможности объективно оценить засухоустойчивость овса. Оценка генотипов по индексам восприимчивости к засухе (DSI) и толерантности к ней (DTI) позволяет выделить группы засухоустойчивых сортов овса и определить степень ее влияния на элементы структуры урожая. Сорта Привет, Передовик, Сиг, Фауст, Новосибирский 5, Баргузин, Ассоль устойчивы к почвенной засухе во время кущения и цветения. Их DSI был менее 0,83 и 0,78 ед. соответственно. Такие сорта, как КРОСС, Виленский и Горизонт, также обладали высокой устойчивостью к засухе во время кущения. Засуха в более поздний период приводила к очень сильному стрессу, что негативно сказывалось на их продуктивности. Группу наиболее восприимчивых к засухе генотипов составили сорта Дедал, Нарымский 943, Песец, Льговский, Тигровый, Экспресс, Таёжник, Буланый, Борец и Десант. Их индекс восприимчивости к засухе был более 1,2 ед.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Sardarova, D.

Кавказ отличается необычайным разнообразием экосистем и включает в себя до 40% ландшафтного типа Земли. Здесь насчитывается 6000 видов растений. В связи с этим возникает необходимость обеспечения экологической безопасности экосистем Кавказа и защиты биологического разнообразия на всех уровнях. Флора Азербайджана включает 4500 видов, из которых 200 национальных и 950 эндемичных для Кавказа. Многие изменения, происходящие в окружающей среде, в том числе влияние техногенных факторов, приводят к утрате местной сортовой базы и дикого наследия многих видов растений, в том числе плодовых и ягодных. Многочисленные ягодные растения, распространенные в лесах Большого и Малого Кавказа, позволяют населению использовать их как в пищу, так и в селекционных целях. Проведено изучение таксономического спектра, ареалов и эффективных способов использования дикорастущих ягодных растений. Помимо земляники, смородины красной, смородины черной, малины, ежевики, которые являются ягодными растениями, широко культивируемыми населением в хозяйствах, в лесах и входящих в группу традиционных растений, изучены и другие ягодные растения, которые встречаются в диком виде в лесах и известны только местному населению: крыжовник, голубика, черника. Леса Малого Кавказа Азербайджана, наряду с другими видами плодовых растений богаты ягодными растениями, которые используются лишь ограниченно, в местных условиях, и которые являются новым для многих и нетрадиционным для большинства. | The Caucasus is distinguished by an extraordinary diversity of ecosystems and includes up to 40% of the landscape type of the Earth. There are 6000 plant species here. In this regard, there is a need to ensure the environmental safety of the ecosystems of the Caucasus and the protection of biological diversity at all levels. The flora of Azerbaijan is the richest corner of the Caucasus and includes 4500 species, of which 200 are national and 950 are endemic to the Caucasus. Many changes occurring in the environment, including the impact of man-made factors, acute consequences occurring in the environment, changes observed in finishing conditions, etc. factors lead to the loss of the local varietal base and the wild heritage of many plant species, including fruits and berries. Numerous berry plants, common in the forests of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, allow the population to use them both for food and for breeding purposes. We tried to study the taxonomic spectrum, range and effective ways of using wild berry plants growing wild in these areas, less common in cultivation and non-traditional wild berry plants. In addition to strawberries, red currants, black currants, raspberries, blackberries, which are many berry plants widely cultivated by the population on farms in the forests of the region and included in the group of traditional plants, other berry plants that occur wild in forests, but are known only to the local population - there are also varieties of Gooseberries, Blueberries, Blueberries. As can be seen from the above, the forests of the Lesser Caucasus of Azerbaijan, along with other types of fruit plants, are also rich in berry plants, which are used only to a limited extent, in local conditions, and which are new to many and non-traditional to most.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation