AGRIS - 

2022

Al-Bachir, M. | Othman, Y.

This paper describes selected chemical, physical and analytical composition of fresh chicken egg (FCE), whole egg powder (WEP), and irradiated whole egg powder (IWEP). WEP samples were irradiating at 0, 5, 10 and 15 kGy using gamma irradiator. Analysis determined the approximate compositions, chemical and physical properties including the percentage of moisture, crud fat, crude protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, and ash, total acidity, pH value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), viscosity and color changes in FCE, WEP and IWEP. The results indicate that the FEP and WEP could be a fine resource of nutrients for consumers to select. In general, no considered differences observed in proximate components of WEP and IWEP. The results shows some differences in the analyzed chemical and physical parameters between WEP and IWEP. However, the tested physical and chemical parameters were all well within the acceptable limits for samples of FCE, WEP and IWEP.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2021

Al-Bachir M. | Koudsi A.

The aim of this work was to compare the fatty acid (FA) composition of oil from irradiated and un-irradiated cherry kernels (ChK). Cherry kernel were exposed to radiation doses of 0, 3 and 6 kGy of gamma irradiation covering the range for insect/pest disinfestations and for microbial load. The FA composition of cherry kernel oil (ChKO) was analyzed with using gas chromatography analysis. Oleic acid (C18:1) was consistently present in the highest quantity with averaged 51.07% of the total FA. The FA existing in second highest quantity was linoleic acid (C18:2) showing 38.03% on the average, followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) averaged 7.71%, stearic acid (C18:0) averaged 2.41%, palmitic acid (C16:1) averaged 0.42%, and linolenic acid (C:18:3) averaged 0.38%. indicating that it can be used for human consumption. In the present study, Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, SFA and USFA were not affected by irradiation or storing. Conclusively, the ChKO may have sufficient oil volume potential to be used as edible (domestic) and industrial oil.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2021

Mahfouz Al-Bachir

Background: Oil seeds are among the major food commodities that can be affected by microorganisms, which are produced by a particular type of mold. Ionizing radiations are also used to reduce pathogen propagation when trading these products.Methods: To investigate the effect of gamma irradiation and storage on quality of shelf-life of sunflower seed, samples of the seeds obtained from the market have been irradiated under 3, 6, and 9 kGy of gamma radiation and stored for 12 months.Results: The results indicate that, all used doses of gamma irradiation had no significant (p<0.05) effect on moisture, ash and total sugar, while 6 kGy and 9 kGy had a significant (p<0.05) effect on protein, reducing sugar and oil content of sunflower oil. Along with the increase in the dose of irradiation, both bacterial and fungal count of the samples reduced to the undetectable limit after irradiation with 3 and 9 kGy respectively. Both total acidity and total volatile basic nitrogen increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing the dose of irradiation and the storage time. Sensory evaluation showed that texture, flavour and texture were not affected significantly (p<0.05) by irradiation, while colour parameter was increased significantly (p<0.05) by irradiation.Conclusion: Gamma irradiation could arrest microorganisms contamination of sunflower seeds, while maintaining the quality, as judged from proximate constituents, chemical properties and sensory evaluation.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2018

Shishkina, N.S. | Karastoyanova, O.V. | Fedyanina, N.I. | Borchenkova, L.A., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Conservation Technology, Moscow Region

The influence of ionizing radiation treatment (IRT) followed by refrigerated storage under modified gas medium (MGM) on life longevity of the most common Russian varieties of apples, pears, apricots, peaches, cherries, black currant and strawberries was determined. The radiation source was 60Co. The dose and intensity of IRT were 0.5-3 kGy and 250-650 R/s, respectively. MGM was created by packing fruit and berries in polymer films having a thickness of 70-80 micrometers. The content of CO2 and O2 in MGM was 5-15% and 5-10%, respectively. The fruits and berried being stored were estimated for microbial contamination, respiration tissue density, leachability of organic elements, and the content of carotinoids. As is shown, IRT of fruit and berries in combination with subsequent storage in MGM in cooled state allows essentially (10-1000 times) inhibiting the development of phytopathogenic microflora, reducing post-radiation changes of the treated objects, decreasing the respiration intensity, slowing down the post-harvest ripening and aging of fruit tissues. It has been concluded that the use of the developed storage technology (IRT followed by refrigerated storage under MGM) will allow extending the storage life of berries by 1.5-2.0 weeks, and large fruits – by 3-4 weeks. | Определяли влияние обработки ионизирующим излучением (ОИИ) и последующего холодильного хранения в условиях модифицированной газовой среды (МГС) на лежкоспособность наиболее распространенных в РФ сортов яблок, груш, абрикосов, персиков, вишни, черной смородины и земляники. Источником излучения являлся 60Co. Доза и интенсивность ОИИ составляли 0,5-3 кГр и 250-650 Р/с соответственно. МГС создавали путем упаковки фруктов и ягод в полимерные пленки PA/PE толщиной 70-80 мкм. Содержание CO2 и O2 в МГС составляло 5-15% и 5-10% соответственно. Определяли микробиологическую обсемененность хранящихся ягод и фруктов, интенсивность их дыхания, плотность тканей, вымываемость органических веществ, содержание каротиноидов. Показали, что ОИИ фруктов и ягод в сочетании с последующим хранением в МГС в охлажденном состоянии позволяет существенно (в 10-1000 раз) ингибировать развитие фитопатогенной микрофлоры, уменьшить пострадиационные изменения обрабатываемых объектов, снизить интенсивность дыхания, замедлить послеуборочное дозревание и старение тканей фруктов. Сделан вывод, что применение разработанной технологии хранения (ОИИ с последующим хранением в МГС) позволит продлить срок хранения ягод на 1,5-2,0 недели, а косточковых плодов – на 3-4 недели.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2018

Shishkina, N.S. | Karastoyanova, O.V. | Korovkina, N.V. | Fedyanina, N.I., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Conservation Technology, Moscow Region

The influence of ionizing radiation treatment (IRT) of fruit raw materials with a does of 1-4 kGy on the juice yield and quality was studied. The radiation source was 60Co. As a raw material, black currant, cherries, apricots, peaches and apples were used. Before treatment the raw materials were stored in open packing under cooling conditions (4-5 deg. C) and without it. In some variants IRT was combined with thermal treatment of raw materials (at t 40, 60 and 85 deg. C) and treatment with pectolytic enzymes. The treated raw materials were estimated for changes in permeability and softening degree of tissues. The raw materials and juices were estimated for the content of dry matter, pectin and protopectin, sugars, organic acids and vitamin C. The antiseptic effect of IRT and combined treatment was determined. IRT was shown to increase the juice yield by 10-15%, to provide microbiological safety of raw materials and juices (including inhibiting the development of aflotoxin-forming microflora), to reduce injury and weight losses 3-5 times, to increase the storage life of raw materials before processing within 15-30 days. As is found, IRT does not result in reduced content in juices of organic acids, increases dry matter, sugars and vitamin C. As is noted, the use of IRT is most effective for raw materials characterized by lower long life. It is concluded about advisability of using IRT in production of fruit and berry juices. | Изучали влияние обработки ионизирующим излучением (ОИИ) дозой 1-4 кГр плодово-ягодного сырья на выход сока и его качество. Источником излучения являлся 60Co. В качестве сырья использовали черную смородину, вишню, абрикосы, персики и яблоки. До обработки сырье хранили в открытой упаковке в условиях охлаждения (4-5 град.C) и без него. ОИИ в ряде вариантов совмещали с термической обработкой сырья (при t 40, 60 и 85 град. C) и его обработкой пектолитическими ферментами. В обработанном сырье определяли изменения проницаемости и степень размягченности тканей. В сырье и соках оценивали содержание сухих веществ, пектина и протопектина, сахаров, органических кислот и витамина C. Определяли антисептический эффект ОИИ и комплексной обработки. Показали, что ОИИ увеличивает выход соков на 10-15%, обеспечивает микробиологическую безопасность сырья и соков (в т.ч. ингибирует развитие афлотоксинобразующей микрофлоры), сокращает потери от порчи и убыли массы в 3-5 раз, увеличивает сроки хранения сырья до переработки до 15-30 сут. Установили, что ОИИ не приводит к снижению содержания в соках органических кислот, повышает содержание в них сухих веществ, сахаров и витамина C. Отметили что применение ОИИ наиболее эффективно для сырья, отличающегося пониженной лежкоспособностью. Сделан вывод о целесообразности применения ОИИ в технологии производства плодово-ягодных соков.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Kulikovskij, A.V. | Vostrikova, N.L. | Gorbunova, N.A. | Ivankin, A.N., The V.M. Gorbatov All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Meat Industry, Moscow

It is known that markers of food irradiation are 2-alkyl cyclobutanones (2-ACB), namely 2-dodecylcyclobutanone and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone formed during irradiation of palmitic and stearic acid. 2-ACB resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation on the product have cititoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. A methodology of quantitative identification of 2-ACB and project GOST "Meat and meat products. The detection method of irradiated foods by gas chromatography" was developed. For determination of 2-ACB methods of liquid extraction were appliedallowing to minimize the amount of organic impurities in the sample preparation. Using mass spectrometry allowed us to exclude the possibility of a false-positive and false-negative results. Measurements were made on the system GC-MS Agilent 7890 MSD 5975C column chromatography with HP-5-MS (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 mkm). Optimum chromatographic conditions and settings of the mass detector were chosen. Nine types of meat products (cooked, cooked smoked sausages, salami, ham) that undergone gamma irradiation in doses of 1, 2 or 3 kGy were studied. The partial radiolisys of products owing to irradiation was confirmed. In particular, the number of free radicals and nitrites increased in samples in proportion to the dose of irradiation. | Известно, что маркерами облучения пищевых продуктов являются2-алкилциклобутаноны (АЦБ), а именно 2-додецилциклобутанон и 2-тетрадецилциклобутанон, которые в процессе облучения образуются из пальмитиновой и стеариновой кислот соответственно. 2-АЦБ, образующиеся в результате воздействия ионизирующего облучения на продукт, обладают цититоксическими, генотоксическими и канцерогенными свойствами. Разработана методика количественной идентификации 2-АЦБ и проекта ГОСТ "Мясо и мясные продукты. Метод обнаружения облученных продуктов газовой хроматографией". Для определения 2-АЦБ применены методы жидкость-жидкостной экстракции, что позволило минимизировать количество соэлюирующих органических примесей в ходе пробоподготовки. Использование масс-спектрометрии позволило исключить возможность как ложно-положительных, так и ложно-отрицательных результатов. Измерения проводили на системе ГХ-МС Agilent 7890 MSD 5975C с хроматографической колонкой HP-5-MS (30мх0,25мм х 0,25мкм).Подобраны оптимальные хроматографические условия и настройки масс-детектора. Исследовано 9 видов мясопродуктов (колбасы вареные, варено-копченые, сырокопченые, ветчина), подвергшихся гамма-облучению в дозах 1, 2 или 3 кГр. Подтверждено явление частичного радиолиза продуктов вследствие облучения. В частности, в образцах пропорционально дозе облучения возрастало количество свободных радикалов и нитритов.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2015

Pustovalov, А.P. | Кuleshova, О.А. | Sorokina, S.А., The P.A. Kostychev Ryazan State Agrotechnological Univ.

Опыт проводили на 18 беспородных белых крысах (по 6 животных в серии) у которых вызывали хроническую гипоксию и лучевую болезнь (действием СВЧ- или гамма-облучения). У крыс определяли уровень катионов натрия, калия методом пламенной фотометрии, а кальция и магния - флуорометрически в плазме крови, эритроцитах, в тканях сердца и брюшной аорты, вязкость крови, суспензии эритроцитов определяли с помощью капиллярного вискозиметра, чересстеночную разность потенциалов (ЧРП) брюшной аорты измеряли с применением металлических хлорсеребряных электродов, заряд эритроцитов оценивали с помощью флуоресцентного зонда 1,8-АНС, активный транспорт ионов натрия и калия через мембраны эритроцитов вычисляли по активности их Na,K-АТФазы. Выявлены следующие закономерности: снижалась ЧРП брюшной аорты или заряд эритроцитов на 10-20% с повышением вязкости крови с 4,53 до 7,05 мПа*с и суспензии эритроцитов (за исключением снижения коэффициента вязкости крови при лучевом поражении со снижением гематокрита до величины 22%); уменьшался, как правило, градиент натрия и кальция в системе эритроцит-плазма-сосудистая стенка при СВЧ- и гамма-облучении. Установлено, что нарушение электролитного баланса в системе эритроцит-плазма-сосудистая стенка более выражен при СВЧ-облучении (до 52%), лучевом поражении и в меньшей степени - при гипоксии. В ткани сердца, напротив, более значительная выраженность дисбаланса катионов наблюдалась при гипоксии (до 31%). Более существенно изменялся активный транспорт ионов при лучевом поражении (повышался на 28%), чем при гипоксии. Показана возможность оценки уровня катионов натрия, калия, кальция, магния в тканях сердца и брюшной аорты по их содержанию в плазме крови и эритроцитах с помощью корреляционного анализа. | The experiment was conducted on 18 not pedigree white rats (6 animals per series) in which a chronic hypoxia and radiation sickness were caused (by the VHF- or gamma-irradiation). The level of natrium and potassium cations in rats has been determined by the method of flame photometry and the level of potassium and magnesium – fluometrically in blood plasma, erythrocytes, heart tissues and ventral aorta, blood viscosity and erythrocytes suspensions were determined with the help of capillary viscometer, the inter wall potentials drop (IWPD) of the ventral aorta was determined with the help of metal silver-chloride electrodes and erythrocytes charge - with the help of fluorescent pathfinder 1.8-АNS, the active transport of sodium and potassium ions through membranes of erythrocytes was determined according to their Na, K-АТPhase activity. There have been the following results: a 10-20% decrease of the ventral aorta IWPD or erythrocytes charge with the increase of blood viscosity from 4.53 to 7.05 mPa*s and erythrocytes suspension (with the exception of blood viscosity index decrease when radiation damage with haematocrit decrease to 22%); as a rule there also has been a decrease of natrium and calcium gradient in the erythrocyte-plasma-vascular wall system during VHF- and gamma-radiation. It has been discovered that violation of electrolyte balance in the system erythrocyte-plasma-vascular wall is more vivid when VHF-radiation (up to 52%), radiolesion and to smaller extent hypoxia. On the contrary one can see in heart tissues a more considerable evidence of cations disbalance when hypoxia (up to 31%). There has also been a considerable change of the ions active transport when radiation damage (28% increase) than when hypoxia. Usability of correlation analysis in evaluation of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium cations level in heart tissues and ventral aorta according to their content in blood plasma and erythrocytes was shown.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Батко, M.

Test results are presented on the study of inherited partials sterility in Mamestra brassicae L. during three generations after treatment with gamma rays and 4% tioteph solution. The percentage of sterile eggs in the progeny of treated males constituted 69.3 and 81.4 as compared with 4.6% in control. Inherited partial sterility was also observed in male progenies F1 and F2. Embryo mortality mainly took place in late stages of embryonic development constituting 50% of the number of zygotes obtained. Such sterility inheritance was observed in the progeny of translocation heterozygous males. They demonstrated half reduced progeny viability during three generations.

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Technical University of Moldova - Republic of Moldova

2009

Grekov, D., Agricultural University, Plovdiv

The effect of treatment with X- and gamma rays on the major quantitative characteristics determining the productivity of cocoons and raw silk at different development stages of Bombyx mori L. was an object of studies by many authors. The aim of the present investigation was the use of low doses of gamma rays and analysis of the genetic effect on the filament length after the crossing and individual females treated and untreated with gamma rays in the process of establishing new lines of silkworms of the Chinese type. The analysis for establishing the genetic effects on crossing between treated males and untreated females and vice versa was made with the specialized software of Jochen Wolf (1996). A positice statistically significant genetic effect on the filament length was established after crossing treated and untreated genetic groups of males and females. A positive heterosis effect was found, the strongest one being reported in the genetic group c22-65.40.

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Technical University of Moldova - Republic of Moldova

2008

Musatova, Yu.B., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Plant Protection, Saint-Petersburg

Using the genetic method to control lepidopterous insect pests based on inheritance of sterility, the important parameter of efficiency is preserving high competitiveness of males of parent and daughter (F1) generations. One of the ways to increase the competitiveness of males F1 is modification of radiation action with physical factors, in particular, by electromagnetic emission (EME) of infra-red (IR) band. In laboratory conditions there was studied the influence of IR band EME on fertility of exposed males of meal moth (Ephestia kuehniella). Gamma-radiation of nymphs was carried out on a device with a power source Co-60 with a capacity of 4130 rad/min at a dose of 160 Gr. The exposed nymphs were treated by suboptimal temperature (17 degrees C) for 4 h. IR exposure was done directly after gamma-radiation. Imago appeared from exposed nymphs were individually crossed with untactful individuals of the opposite sex. In the offspring of F1 of exposed males the average fertility is 201.9+-21.99 eggs/female, which does not truly differ from the fertility in the control (228.1+-6.40 eggs/female). The fertility in the variant with sequent gamma- and IR-exposure was 279.4+-12.24 eggs/female, which is really greater than in the gamma radiation variant and in the control. The level of late embryonic lethals ((LEL) in the F1 offspring of exposed and control males was 64.3+- 8.08 and 22.9+-1.78%, respectively. The modifying effect of IR-radiation was in reducing the level of LEL up to 39.7+-6.39%. That is, IR-radiation allows not only to maintain but to increase the competitiveness of F1 males. The reduction of the inherited sterility demonstrated the decreasing the LEL occurrence can be compensated by the increased dosage of gamma-radiation whose negative influence on the competitiveness of F1 males can be prevented by means of IR-radiation.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation