AGRIS - 

Data provenance by Country

2020

Mamedov G.Sh.

Recent environmental issues which appeared after the anthropogenic impact and the inefficient use of land resources in our country undoubtedly had adverse effects on the state of the soil cover. Recently, the soil cover of all Azerbaijan biomes has been destabilized by the environmental situation, which in turn leads to severe degradation of the fertile topsoil. Due to the severe soil-cover deterioration, we cannot hope that the fertile topsoil will restore itself. The soil-cover deterioration in the country is directly related to the decrease in land areas suitable for crop growing. As a result of severe soil-cover degradation, it is necessary to withdraw large land areas from agricultural use completely or partially. Due to the existing situation of the soil-cover state in the country, the authors of the article propose to develop a scientifically based state program for the rational use of land resources, to protect and restore the soil fertility and agricultural land to improve the soil conditions and prevent further soil degradation. Taking into account that agricultural grouping of soils is the crucial tool for the successful solution to various issues related to the rational land usage and increasing its productivity, the authors of the article set the goal to study the quality of the country's soils and carry out the soil suitability classification of forest and agricultural lands. The method of carrying out soil suitability classification includes the conjunctive and differing genetic properties of the soil and the environmental conditions, having a certain impact on soil fertility. The lack of clear criteria for combining soil varieties in the country contributed to the improvised combination of soil varieties in soil classification groups. Since the government of our country has now realized the need to consolidate agricultural lands and is already taking the first steps in this direction, we believe that the use of soil suitability classification data in land consolidation will prove to be a great advantage to the respective specialists carrying out these activities for the scientifically based performance of their work.

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Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2020

Guliyeva, R.

The article shows the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer norms on gray–brown soils and changes in the nutritional regime in winter wheat soils under irrigation in the Ganja–Gazakh region. It was found that the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for winter wheat in gray–brown soils significantly affected the change in the nutrient regime of the soil, significantly increasing the amount of nutrients easily absorbed by plants in the plowed and subsoil layers of the soil, as compared to the control (unfertilized) option, effective fertility increased, which in turn had a significant impact on productivity. At the end of the growing season, depending on the norm of mineral fertilizers in the soil layer 0–60 cm, ammonia nitrogen is 13.1–14.1, nitrate nitrogen is 7.2–7.4, mobile phosphorus is 7.0–8.0 and exchangeable potassium — 15.6–19.2 mg/kg, depending on the rate of organic fertilizers at the end of the growing season, ammonia nitrogen 12.6-–13.7, nitrate nitrogen 5.3–5.7, mobile phosphorus 6.2–6.6 and metabolic potassium while it increased by 20.4–21.2 mg/kg.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2020

Karpechko, A.Yu. | Tkachenko, Y.N. | Karpin, V.A. | Timofeeva, V.V. | Tuyunen, A.V. | Petrov, N.V.

Recreation digression of forest ecosystems in the heritage site “White Sea Petroglyphs” was studied for the first time. This site is a compact system of rock outcrops partially cleared of forest vegetation, which bear Neolithic rock carvings (petroglyphs), and are linked together by walking trails. Patterns have been identified in the transformation of soils, plant cover components (tree stand, tree seedlings, understory and living ground cover), as well as fine roots (within 3 mm in diameter) of woody species under the recreation impact. Trampling was found to deform and destroy the top soil horizons, entailing a significant loss of the forest floor thickness and organic matter stores. Overall, the flora of the area is quite well preserved; 95–100 % of which is represented by native species. The living ground cover is noticeably damaged in the most actively used sites (fragments of trails and vista points). They feature a poor species composition, shrinking of the herb-dwarf shrub and moss-lichen cover, and a low percent cover of grassland and ruderal species. Easily accessible and actively visited sites have no or reducing amounts of tree seedlings, the tree stand is damaged and forest regeneration is hampered – the number of viable seedlings is minimal (100 pcs/ha). The mass of roots below 3 mm in diameter in heavily trampled trails showed a reduction of up to 74 %, while the root saturation in less affected trails slightly increased. Recreation transformations of the plant communities have not resulted in a loss of their resilience so far. The recreational digression in the studied sites was classified into stages I–III (weakly disturbed – strongly disturbed). Function zoning of the area should be modified using recreation-tolerant communities more intensively in order to reduce recreation impact. The most damaged areas, which are losing their stability, should be excluded from active use by modification of walking trails and building additional boardwalks.

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Northern (Arctic) Federal University - Russian Federation

2020

Ivanovа, M.V. | Soldatov, P.A., Kostroma State Agriculrural Academy

Summaries (En, Ru) | Presented are the results of evaluating of fertilizer systems on the content and fractional composition of humus in the sod-podzolic soil of the Kostroma region. Field research was conducted in 1992-2012 in the conditions of a long-term, stationary field experiment. Variants were studied in the field crop rotation: vetch-oat mixture for green mass – flax – barley + perennial grasses – perennial grasses 1st year – spring wheat – oat. Organic fertilizers were applied for vetch-oat mixture and spring wheat, and mineral fertilizers for all crops. Ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, and potassium chloride were used as mineral fertilizers. The saturation of organic fertilizers was 12.8 and 6.4 t/ha per year for organic and organic-mineral fertilizer systems, respectively. Over a twenty-year period, the mineral fertilizer system caused a decrease in humus reserves by 0.46-0.69%, which means that soil lose 0.02-0.03% over the year. The use of organic fertilizers, especially in the last three rotations, tended to increase the humus. Over a twenty-year period, the use of litter manure on the first level led to an increase in the humus content by 1.32%. The humus content reached 2.83-2.85% by 2012, which significantly exceeded the control on plots of the second level with the use of manure. In humification processes, the use of organic matter was dominated by the formation of humic acids associated with calcium, in contrast to the control and mineral fertilizer system, where free fulvic acids were formed. | Изложены результаты оценки влияния различных систем удобрений на содержание и фракционный состав гумуса дерново-подзолистой почвы Костромской области. Полевые исследования проводили в 1992-2012 гг. в условиях длительного, стационарного полевого опыта. Полевой севооборот включал следующие варианты: пар занятый (викоовсяная смесь на зеленую массу) – лен – ячмень + многолетние травы – многолетние травы 1 г.п. – яровая пшеница – овес. Органические удобрения вносили под викоовсяную смесь и яровую пшеницу, минеральные удобрения под все культуры. В качестве минеральных удобрений использовали аммиачную селитру, суперфосфат двойной и калий хлористый. Насыщенность органическими удобрениями составляла 12,8 и 6,4 т/га в год при органической и органоминеральной системах удобрений соответственно. За двадцатилетний период минеральная система удобрения обусловила снижение запасов гумуса на 0,46-0,94%, то есть за год почва теряет 0,02-0,04%. Применение органических удобрений, особенно за последние три ротации, имело тенденцию к увеличению гумуса. За двадцатилетний период применение подстилочного навоза на первом фоне привело к увеличению содержания гумуса в пахотном слое на 1,32%, в условиях дерново-подзолистых почв в год воспроизводство гумуса было в пределах 0,07%. На делянках второго фона с применением навоза содержание гумуса к 2012 г. достигло 2,83-2,85%, что достоверно превышало контроль. В процессах гумификации при применении органики преобладало формирование гуминовых кислот, связанных с кальцием, в отличие от контроля и минеральной системы удобрений, где формировались свободные фульвокислоты. | 3 tables | 9 ref.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Shakhova, O.A., State Agrarian Univ. of Northern Trans-Ural Regions, Tyumen

The possibility of transition to organic farming (to obtain organically pure products) in the conditions of Western Siberia was scientifically substantiated. The research was based on the long-term average climate observations. A significant role (up to 30%) in the yield formation is given to the climate. Its influence on the range of agricultural varieties that cultivated in the region and adapted to the local conditions has been evaluated. The following crops were considered: spring wheat, winter rye, spring barley, oats, legumes, vegetables as well as heat-loving crops such as rapeseed, corn, soybeans. The impact on the soils including chernozems, which occupied of 30.9% of the arable areas of the region, is increased when new crops, varieties and technologies appear. There are some issues of arable chernozems deterioration (loss of humus in a top soil at a rate of 1 tons/year, color changing, thickness, granular structure changing to cloddy and lumpy etc.). The weather conditions effect main pests development and spread of annual and perennial weeds. The research results of scientists dealing with the problems of chernozem soils in the territories of the East European, West Siberian Plains and the Central Siberian Plateau are summarized. The information analysis confirmed chernozem intensive using, which can be regulated by mineral and organic fertilizers as well as by alternative approaches using and high agricultural culture etc. The conclusion was made about the possibility to introduce the principles of organic farming in the crops (such as cereals, legumes etc.) cultivation, that do not exclude the competent fertilizing and plant protection. The Western Siberia bioclimatic potential makes it possible to obtain high yields of both conventional and relatively uncommon crops. | Научно обосновывали возможность перехода на органическое земледелие в условиях Западной Сибири с целью получения органически чистой продукции. В основу исследований положены среднемноголетние данные наблюдений за климатом, вклад которого в формирование величины урожая достигает 30%. Оценено его влияние на ассортимент возделываемых в регионе адаптированных к местным условиям сортов с.-х. культур (яровой пшеницы, озимой ржи, ярового ячменя, овса, бобовых, овощных), в том числе и теплолюбивых рапса, кукурузы, сои. С появлением новых культур, сортов, технологий увеличивается нагрузка на почвы, в том числе и чернозёмные, которые занимают 30,9% пахотных площадей региона. Существуют проблемы ухудшения свойств пахотных чернозёмов (убыль запасов гумуса в метровом слое со скоростью 1 т/год, изменение окраски, мощности, смена зернистой структуры на комковатую и глыбистую и т.д.). Погодные условия оказывают влияние на развитие основных вредителей и распространение малолетних и многолетних сорных растений. Обобщены результаты исследований ученых, занимающихся проблемами чернозёмных почв территорий Восточно-Европейской, Западно-Сибирской равнины и Среднесибирского плоскогорья. Анализ информации подтверждает интенсивный характер использования чернозёмных почв, регулировать который можно путём внесения минеральных и органических удобрений, а также применения альтернативных подходов, высокой культуры земледелия и т.д. Сделан вывод о возможности внедрения принципов органического земледелия при возделывании с.-х. культур (зерновых, зернобобовых и др.), не исключая грамотное применение удобрений и средств защиты растений. Биоклиматический потенциал Западной Сибири позволяет получать высокие урожаи как привычных, так и относительно малораспространенных с.-х. культур.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2020

Рязанова, Татьяна Васильевна | Федорова, Ольга Семеновна

В статье на примере искусственно загрязненной почвы рассмотрено влияние карбамидного сорбента – биопрепарата «Унисорб-Био», модифицированного макулатурой, на биодеструкцию нефти с последующим фитоконтролем почвы тест-культурой клевера розового – шведского (Trifolium hybridum).Показано, что за 18 недель экспонирования «Унисорб-Био» с иммобилизованными на нем нефтеокисляющими штаммами Pseudomonas sp. и Bacillus subtilis содержание нефти в почве снизилось в 10 раз, что на порядок выше по сравнению с контролем. Высокие посевные качества (энергия прорастания, всхожесть семян – 82%) наблюдаются при использовании «Унисорб-Био», модифицированного макулатурой из газетной бумаги, в условиях 10%-го начального загрязнения почвы, при содержании нитрофоски 0.05%.В почве с «Унисорб-Био», модифицированным макулатурой из бумаги «Снегурочка», показатели ниже на 17–20%, чем в образцах почвы с биопрепаратом, модифицированным макулатурой из газетной бумаги, что, по-видимому, связано с большей деструктируемостью последнего в этих условиях и увеличением в почве подвижных форм азота и фосфора.О сравнительно хорошем уровне восстановления почвы при 15%-ном начальном загрязнении и практически не зависящем от вида биопрепарата свидетельствуют результаты фитоконтроля (энергия прорастания, всхожесть семян – 52%). Наблюдаемые посевные качества и морфофизиологические показатели дают основание сделать вывод о том, что модифицированный макулатурой биопрепарат «Унисорб-Био» способен в течение одного сезона восстановить почву даже с высоким уровнем загрязнения. | The article uses the example of artificially polluted soil to consider the effect of urea sorbent-a biological product "Unisorb-Bio" modified by waste paper on the biodegradation of oil with subsequent phyto-control of the soil by a test culture of pink-Swedish clover (Trifolium hybridum).It is shown that during 18 weeks of exposure "Unisorb-Bio" with immobilized on it the oil-oxidizing strains of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis, the oil content in the soil decreased by 10 times, which is on an order of magnitude higher to comparison with the control. High seeding qualities (germination energy, seed germination – 82%) are observed when using "Unisorb-Bio" modified waste paper from newsprint in conditions of 10% initial soil contamination, with a content of nitrophosca 0.05%.In the soil with" Unisorb-Bio "modified waste paper from the paper "Snegurochka" the indicators are lower by 17–20% than in the soil samples with biologics product modified by waste paper from newsprint, which is probably perhaps is bound up with more the greater destructibility of the latter under these conditions and an increase of mobile forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil.The results of phytocontrol (germination energy, seed germination-52%) indicate a relatively good level of soil recovery with 15% initial contamination and almost independent of the type of biological product. The observed seeding quality and morphophysiological indicators give reason to conclude that the "Unisorb-Bio" biological product modified with waste paper is able to restore the soil even with a high level of contamination within one season.

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Altai State University - Russian Federation

2020

Lisetskii, F.N.

Studying the features of soil heavy metal/metalloid accumulation formed as a result of long-term agropedogenesis is of great importance for predicting safe use of soil resources in agriculture. In such regions with a long history of agricultural development as Crimea, the topsoil can keep in the soil memory the results of slow-acting processes, including any changes in the solid-phase component of the soil system. The aim of this study was to establish regional differences in the concentration of heavy metal using the chronosequences of agrogenic soil transformation method. The objects of study were the humus-accumulative horizon of 20 soils and their parent rock, for which nine of soil heavy metals / metalloids were identified for two hazard groups using X-ray Fluorescence Analysis. The natural and anthropogenic causes of differences in the accumulation of heavy metal in in soils of the Eastern Crimea (Co, Zn, Pb, V, Ni, Cu, As, Ba and Cr) and in soils of the North-Western Crimea (Co, Cr, Ba, Pb and V) have been established. This will optimize a list of priority indicators in regional systems of agro-ecological regulation and selection of territories for growing organic agricultural products.

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Cifra Ltd - Russian Federation

2020

Rzayeva, A.

The article provides some information about spore–forming bacteria (bacilli) and micromycetes of natural (virgin) cenosis under herbaceous vegetation and agrocenosis (cereals). It was established that in both cenoses there are 3 strains of spore–forming bacteria and 4 strains of micromycetes. Bacilli and micromycetes actively decompose complex polysaccharides to monosaccharides, which are easily absorbed by plants. Bacilli and micromycetes have a strong enzymatic effect on plant residues, transforming decomposition products in the process of humus formation. Together with invertebrate animals, they are included in the decomposition chain of phytomass residues. Bacilli and micromycetes, being active under mesophilic conditions, are also significant in arid soils.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2020

Veliyeva, S.

Infield experiments on light chestnut soils of Mountain Shirvan, the effect of the dose and the ratio of organic and mineral fertilizers on nitrogen removal from aboveground biomass, grain quality, crop yield and economic efficiency in winter wheat crops were studied. The work was carried out in 2011–2014. During the work, standard methods for the determination of chemicals were used. As a result, the work is established. That high yield and net income were obtained in option N90P60K60.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation

2020

Gurbanov, S.

The article is devoted to the study of the regularity of changes in the specific surface of soil under the influence of agromeliorative measures, mainly irrigation and agrotechnical works carried out in the gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula of Azerbaijan. Based on four years of experiments, it was determined that changes occur in the specific surface of the soil in the plowed layer as a result of the agromeliorative measures taken. Thus, a decrease in the specific surface area was observed in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and an increase in the specific surface area was observed in the 20–40 cm soil layer. In the first year of the experiments, the value of the average specific surface in the 0–20 cm soil layer was 3,098–3,988 cm2/g, and in the 20–40 cm soil layer it was 1,056–3,567 cm2 /g. However, after four years, the value of the special surface was 1,949–3,340 cm2/g in the 0–20 cm soil layer and 3,290–5,023 cm2/g in the 20–40 cm layer. The increase in the specific surface area in the lower layers of the soil is due to the gradual washing of dust, silt and colloidal particles from the plow layer to the lower layers. The reduction of the specific surface in the topsoil leads to the degradation of the topsoil, the deterioration of the water-physical properties, the formation of compaction below the topsoil, and ultimately the reduction of soil fertility. The article makes specific suggestions to prevent this process. It was also identified based on the calculations that the specific surface area of the soil, rich in silt, dust and colloidal particles, is many times larger than the specific surface area of sandy soil. The specific surface area of colloidal silt is 43,000 times larger than the specific surface area of dust and 130,000 times larger than the specific surface area of sand.

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Publishing center Science and Practice - Russian Federation