AGRIS - 

2022

I. А. Hryshchuk | V. I. Karpovskiy | O. V. Zhurenko | D. I. Kryvoruchko | B. V. Gutyj

The tone of the autonomic nervous system is one of the key systems of the nervous system in regulating homeostasis. In turn, this can affect the metabolism of organic substances in the animal's body, which is reflected in physiological indicators. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system on the content of saturated fatty acids. Groups of animals were formed according to Baesky’s method, according to which they were divided into three groups: normotonic, sympathotonic, and vagotonic. Blood was collected in winter. Chromatographic research revealed the following: caproic acid in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.01) is 0.15 % less compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.01) and 0.15 % more compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Caprylic acid is 0.28 % more in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.05) compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.001) and, comparing the indicators with the third group, 0.37 % more than vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Lauric acid in normotonic (0.54 ± 0.03) is higher than vagotonic by 0.13 % (P ≤ 0.01). Myristic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (2.62 ± 0.08) compared to sympathotonic by 0.30 % (P ≤ 0.001). Palmitic acid is 2.95 % less in normotonic (17.59 ± 0.46) compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Arachidic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (0.21 ± 0.01) compared to sympathotonic by 0.08 % less (P ≤ 0.001). Cows belonging to the normotonic group have the most saturated fatty acids: capric (1.19 ± 0.05), lauric (0.54 ± 0.03); and the least myristic (2.62 ± 0.08) and arachidic (0.21 ± 0.01). Animals belonging to the group of sympathotonic have the most saturated fatty acids: caproic (1.18 ± 0.04), myristic (2.92 ± 0.03) and arachidic (0.29 ± 0.01). Cows belonging to the group of vagotonic have the least saturated fatty acids: caproic (0.88 ± 0.01), capric (0.82 ± 0.03) and lauric (0.41 ± 0.01); the most palmitic acid (20.54 ± 0.16). Considering all factors, we can conclude that the tone of the autonomic nervous system in the body of cows plays an indirect role in the metabolism of saturated fatty acids in blood plasma. This can be facilitated by the influence of the departments of this nervous system, namely the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which, depending on the peculiarities of the animal's physiological state, affect the body as a whole.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2022

Михайлова Mikhaylova, И.С. I.S. | Пудовкин Pudovkin, Н.А. N.A. | Воробьев Vorob'ev, Д.В. D.V.

One of the diseases that cause significant economic damage in farms is iron deficiency anemia in animals. Uncontrolled intake of iron drugs in this disease can lead to an overload of the body with this element and the development of unwanted side reactions. Drug lesions of the liver are especially common in the veterinary field, which is associated with the participation of this organ in iron metabolism. A comparative assessment of the acute toxicity of iron-containing drugs of various chemical nature and their effect on morphological changes in the liver of laboratory rats was carried out. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of an injectable form of iron nanopowder led to minimal pathological changes, which confirms its lowest toxicity and safety when used to correct iron deficiency in animals. / Одним из заболеваний, наносящих значительный экономический ущерб в хозяйствах, является железодефицитная анемия животных. Неконтролируемый прием препаратов железа при данном заболевании может привести к перегрузке организма данным элементом и развитию нежелательных побочных реакций. Особенно распространены в ветеринарной сфере лекарственные поражения печени, что связано с участием этого органа в метаболизме железа. Проведена сравнительная оценка острой токсичности железосодержащих препаратов различной химической природы и их влияние на морфологические изменения в печени лабораторных крыс. В результате исследования установлено, что применение инъекционной формы нанопорошка железа привело к минимальным патологическим изменениям, что подтверждает его наименьшую токсичность и безопасность при применении с целью корректировки железодефицитных состояний у животных.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

V. F. Radchikov | A. I. Kozinets | V. I. Akulitch | A. N. Kot | P. P. Raketsky | В. Ф. Радчиков | А. И. Козинец | В. И. Акулич | А. Н. Кот | П. П. Ракецкий

It is determined that wet grain preserved with “kormoplus-1” and “kormoplus-2” is harmless to the simplest test-organisms Tetrachymena Pyreformis , and its implementation in the concentrated part of a diet for cattle has a positive influence on physiologic condition and digestibility of nutrients and promotes increase of nitrogen usage by animals at 0,7 and 1,6%. | Установлено, что влажное зерно, консервированное кормоплюс-1 и кормоплюс-2, безвредно по отношению к простейшим тест-организмам Тетрахимена пириформис, а включение его в концентратную часть рационов крупного рогатого скота оказывает положительное влияние на физиологическое состояние и переваримость питательных веществ, и способствует повышению использования азота животными на 7,0 и 1,6 %.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

M. M. Karpenia | V. I. Shlyakhtunov | S. L. Karpenia | М. М. Карпеня | В. И. Шляхтунов | С. Л. Карпеня

Increased level of vitamins and trace elements in diets for steers helps to optimize metabolism, as indicated by increase in the amount of nitrogen in the rumen fluid by 0.018 p.p., volatile fatty acids - by 10.8 %, digestibility of dry matter in feed - by 3.28 p.p., protein - by 4.07 p.p., better absorption of mineral substances - by 1.0-5.2 p.p., organic selenium - 1.9 times, fat-soluble vitamins - by 4.4-5.2 percentage points. | Использование повышенного уровня витаминов и микроэлементов в рационе бычков способствует оптимизации метаболизма, на что указывает увеличение количества азота в рубцовой жидкости на 0,018 п. п., летучих жирных кислот - на 10,8 %, переваримости сухого вещества корма - на 3,28 п. п., протеина - на 4,07 п. п., более высокое усвоение минеральных веществ - на 1,0-5,2 п.п., органического селена - в 1,9 раза, жирорастворимых витаминов - на 4,4-5,2 процентных пункта.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

A. I. Sakhanchuk | M. G. Kallaur | E. G. Kot | A. A. Nevar | А. И. Саханчук | М. Г. Каллаур | Е. Г. Кот | А. А. Невар

Holstein cows show the highest genetic potential for dairy performance and a set of traits for better adaptability to industrial technology. However, feeding and management of Holsteinized animals at intensive use should be given more attention than black-and-white animals adapted to the climatic conditions of the republic. The research subject were cows of Holstein dairy cattle population of domestic selection according to black-and-white breed aged 2-6 years, taking into account milk yield as per lactation of over 8 thousand kg of milk, selected according to the principle of pair-analogues in 3 groups of 7 animals each. The experiment was carried out in conditions of SE ZhodinoAgroPlemElita in Smolevichi district of Minsk region during spring-summer period of 2019. The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of impact of various norms of requirements for metabolic energy and raw protein (100, 110 and 115 %) in the diets for highly productive Holstein cows of domestic selection according to dairy black-and-white breed during the 1st third of lactation on performance and quality of milk, as well as homeostasis, digestibility of organic matter and use of nitrogen in animals’ body. The positive effect of moderately elevated requirements for metabolic energy and crude protein (by 10 %) in diets with a predominance of bulky feed in relation to concentrates (43.5:56.5) compared with that in the control (39.1:60.9) on the above studied indicators. | У коров голштинской породы проявляется самый высокий генетический потенциал молочной продуктивности и комплекс признаков по лучшей приспособляемости к промышленной технологии. Однако кормлению и содержанию голштинизированных животных при интенсивном использовании необходимо уделять большее внимание, чем к адаптированным к природно-климатическим условиям республики животным чёрнопёстрой породы. Объектом исследований были коровы голштинской популяции молочного скота отечественной селекции по чёрно-пёстрой породе в возрасте 2-6 лет с учётом надоя как за лактацию 8 тыс. кг молока и более), подобранные по принципу параналогов в 3 группы по 7 голов в каждой. Эксперимент проводили в условиях ГП «ЖодиноАгроПлемЭлита» Смолевичского района Минской области в весенне-летний период 2019 г. В статье приводятся результаты изучения эффективности воздействия различных норм потребности в обменной энергии и сыром протеине (100, 110 и 115 %) в рационах высокопродуктивных коров голштинской популяции молочного скота отечественной селекции по чёрно-пёстрой породе в 1-ю треть лактации на продуктивность и качество молока, а также гомеостаз, переваримость органического вещества и использование азота в организме животных. Установлено положительное влияние умеренно повышенных норм потребности в обменной энергии и сыром протеине (на 10 %) в рационах с преобладанием в них объёмистых кормов по отношению к концентратам (43,5:56,5) по сравнению с таковым в контроле (39,1:60,9) на выше изученные показатели.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

A. A. Khotchenkov | А. А. Хоченков

It was determined in the researches that pollution of combined feeds for pregnant and lactating sows by micotoxins affected negatively their metabolism. The macroelements content (calcium and phosphorus) in blood serum was lower in 60-90 % of samples tested; the copper content in all the liver samples of sows did not reach the biochemical norm. The blood corpuscle concentration (erythrocytes, leucocytes) and hemoglobin concentration were not affected by the studied pollution levels. | В исследованиях установлено, что загрязненность комбикормов для супоросных и подсосных свиноматок микотоксинами оказала неблагоприятное воздействие на метаболизм животных. Содержание макроэлементов (кальций и фосфор) в сыворотке крови было ниже в 60-90 % исследованных проб, во всех исследованных образцах печени свиноматок содержание меди не достигало биохимической нормы. На концентрацию форменных элементов крови (эритроциты, лейкоциты) и гемоглобин изучаемые уровни загрязненности комбикормов микотоксинами воздействия не оказали.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

A. I. Sakhanchuk | M. G. Kallaur | E. G. Kot | A. A. Nevar | А. И. Саханчук | М. Г. Каллаур | Е. Г. Кот | А. А. Невар

The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of moderately increased norms of requirements for both metabolizable energy and crude protein, as well as dry matter (respectively, up to 10%) in the diets for highly productive cows of Holstein population of dairy cattle of domestic selection for the Belarusian black-and-white breed in the 2nd third lactation on productivity and quality of milk, as well as homeostasis, digestibility of organic matter and use of nitrogen in the body of animals. The positive effect of moderately elevated requirements for the above nutritional components in diets with a predominance of bulky feed in relation to concentrates 53.0:47.0 instead of that in the control 51.9:48.1 on the above studied indicators. | В статье приводятся результаты изучения эффективности влияния умеренно повышенных норм потребности как в обменной энергии и сыром протеине, так и сухом веществе (соответственно до 10%) в рационах высокопродуктивных коров голштинской популяции молочного скота отечественной селекции по белорусской черно-пестрой породе во 2-ю треть лактации на продуктивность и качество молока, а также гомеостаз, переваримость органического вещества и использование азота в организме животных. Установлено положительное влияние умеренно повышенных норм потребности вышеуказанных компонентов питательности в рационах животных с преобладанием в них объемистых кормов по отношению к концентратам 53,0:47,0 вместо таковому в контроле 51,9:48,1 на выше изученные показатели.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

A. A. Khochenkov | D. N. Khodosovsky | A. O. Sidorenko | V. A. Bezmen | A. S. Petrushko | A. N. Shatskaya | I. I. Rudakovskaya | А. А. Хоченков | Д. Н. Ходосовский | А. О. Сидоренко | В. А. Безмен | А. С. Петрушко | А. Н. Шацкая | И. И. Рудаковская

Results of the studies helped to determine a negative impact of industrial production technology on metabolic parameters of young pigs at fattening. Deviations from standards of trace elements content in the blood (copper and zinc) are more peculiar of the second fattening period, than of the first one (10 and 50%, respectively, versus 40 and 10%). Phosphorus content, thyroid hormone T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone content in the blood samples of all selected pigs did not meet standards. | В результате исследований установлено отрицательное воздействие промышленной технологии производства на показатели метаболизма откормочного молодняка свиней. Отклонения от нормативов содержания микроэлементов в крови (медь, цинк) более характерны для второго периода откорма, чем для первого (100 и 50 %, соответственно, против 40 и 10 %). Содержание фосфора, гормона щитовидной железы Т4, тиреотропного гормона во всех отобранных образцах крови свиней не соответствовало нормам.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2021

V. N. Eremenko | V. A. Pitkin | O. V. Sinko | V. V. Doroshenko | E. A. Olkhovatov

Our vast world is growing and developing in all sorts of ways. A person becomes much more demanding to the conditions that surround him, as well as to himself. But what remains virtually unchanged in our lives? To this question, we can answer that this is our body. Whatever external changes occur, but as long as we are referred to the genus "people", as well as to the species "intelligent man", most of all physical and chemical processes in our body are still the same as hundreds of years ago. We consume the necessary components of food that our body requires, produce energy, and live off it. But no matter how much information a person has "in front of his nose "that he could master and, at least, live on the principle of" do not harm yourself", he will always seek to find ways of least resistance. This article will focus on sports supplements. We did not say a number of points in the paragraph above for nothing. The fact is that in the age of information technology, people become attached to appearance, and the leading positions are occupied by most successful individuals who constantly have to keep themselves in shape. The desire sometimes begets ill-considered. We are sure that most of the statistics on diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and Central nervous system are associated with incorrect principles of introduction of certain products into the diet, and sometimes even their complete exclusion (cases of anorexia). The question of sports food supplements stirred us up after one of the students addressed us with the phrase: "I started classes in the gym. What sports supplements do I need to take to get in shape?". Of course, we are already dizzy even with a single memory of this issue, but we will deal with it in detail in this article. Our goal is to convey to readers: what are sports supplements, why they are needed, how they affect the body and "what they are eaten with"?

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2021

Lyasota V. | Malyna V. | Bondarenko L. | Bolokhovska V. | Balatsky Y. | Bukalova N. | Bogatko N. | Khitska O. | Tkachuk S.

The primary task of the livestock industry is to provide the population with high-quality food products, and the industry with raw materials. For this, it is necessary to ensure a high level of productivity and safety of young pigs. Studies carried out in recent years indicate an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases among young farm animals, leading to a decrease in the immunobiological reactivity of the piglets' organism and significant damage to farms. When performing the research, we used zootechnical, zoohygienic, biochemical, immunological and variational-statistical research methods. Research work was carried out during 2010-2018 at the Department of Animal Hygiene and Fundamentals of Veterinary Medicine of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Scientific and economic experiments and production tests were carried out in the farms of Progress LLC (Uzin, Bila Tserkva district) and Denisenko LLC (Skvirsky district, Kyiv region). Experimental studies were carried out in the Problem Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Animal Hygiene and Fundamentals of Veterinary Medicine, interfaculty laboratory of biochemical and histochemical research methods. For the first time, the prebiotic Bio-active was used as a feed additive in the diet of young pigs on growing at industrial keeping, its positive effect on the safety, productivity, physiological and immunological state of their body was proved. For the first time, the optimal dose of the prebiotic Bio-active for growing pigs was established and a method of its use was developed. The optimal dose of the prebiotic Bio-active for growing young pigs is 5 g (5x107 CFU) per 10 kg of body weight when fed with compound feed once a day for 30 days, which contributes to an increase in the average daily weight gain of piglets by 17.2 % (P<0.01) and 16.6 % (P<0.05) on the 30th and 60th days of the study, respectively. Feeding pigs with Bio-active promotes an increase in the content of total blood serum protein by 7.2 % (P<0.05), albumin – by 5.2 %, γ-globulins – by 6.3 %, an increase in AST activity – by 23, 1 % (P<0.05) and ALT – by 22.4 % (P <0.01). In the peripheral blood of rearing pigs under the influence of the prebiotic Bio-active, the proliferation, differentiation and specialization of immunocompetent cells increase: an increase in the total number of T-lymphocytes by 5.43 % (P <0.05). The number of medium-avid T-lymphocytes also increases – by 9.19 % (P<0.05) and B-lymphocytes – by 10.28 % (P<0.05) due to a decrease in the level of low-avid immunocompetent cells. The use of the prebiotic Bio-active in an optimal dose promotes the activation of metabolic processes, antigen-nonspecific immunity and an increase in the body weight of pigs.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden