AGRIS - 

2021

Kasatkina, N.I. | Nelyubina, Zh.S. | Fatykhov, I.Sh.

The research aims to analyze the seed productivity and use duration of perennial legume herbals under meteorological conditions of the Middle Cis-Ural region. The analysis of seed yield, energy, and economic efficiency of long-term use of perennial leguminous herbal crops was carried out based on a result of studies laid down in the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture. The research objects in 1996-2005 was Eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) 'Gale' variety, in 2011-2015 - some varieties of red clover and variegated alfalfa (Medicago x varia Martyn), in 2011-2016 - birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) 'Solnyshko'. The research found that red clover sowing is best used for seeds for one year. In the first year of use, the yield of double-cut clover varieties was of 146 kg/ha, of single-cut varieties - 138 kg/ha. In the second year of using the crop, the yield significantly decreased to 37 and 39 kg/ha. The yield of 162 kg/ha at the standard level was formed by the two-cut clover variety 'Dymkovsky'. Crops of alfalfa can be used for seeds for two years. Seed productivity of alfalfa varieties in the 1st year of use was of 204 kg/ha, in the 2nd year of use - 260 kg/ha. Alfalfa 'Guzel' variety formed significantly high seed yield of 251 kg/ha. The recommended use duration of the birds-foot trefoil crop is 2 to 3 years. In the 1st and 2-nd years of use of the crop, the yield of the seeds was relatively high, 215-378 and 213-349 kg/ha, respectively. By the 3rd year of use, it decreased to 89-161 kg/ha. The old-age crops of the 4th year of use did not form seeds. Sowing the birds-foot trefoil without a cover or under cover of spring wheat by the usual row method with a seeding rate of 8-9 million units/ha showed the highest seed yield of 255-270 kg/ha. Eastern Galega crops can be used up to 10 years or more. The highest yield of Galega seeds of 510 kg/ha was obtained during the harvesting of herbs in the 1-st year of use for feed, in the 2-nd–5-th year of use - for seeds, from the 6th year of use - for feed. | Цель исследований: проанализировать семенную продуктивность и длительность использования травостоев многолетних бобовых трав в метеорологических условиях Среднего Предуралья. Анализ урожайности семян, энергетической и экономической эффективности длительности использования многолетних бобовых трав проведен на основе результатов исследований, заложенных в Удмуртском НИИСХ УдмФИЦ УрО РАН в 1996-2005 гг. на козлятнике восточном Гале, в 2011-2015 гг. - на сортах клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, в 2011-2016 гг. - на лядвенце рогатом Солнышко. Выявлено, что посевы клевера лугового лучше использовать на семена один год. В первый год пользования (1 г.п.) урожайность сортов клевера двуукосного типа составила 146 кг/га, одноукосного типа - 138 кг/га. Во 2 г.п. травостоем отмечено существенное снижение урожайности до 37 и 39 кг/га соответственно. Урожайность 162 кг/га на уровне стандарта сформировал двуукосный сорт клевера Дымковский. Посевы люцерны изменчивой можно использовать на семена два года. Семенная продуктивность сортов люцерны изменчивой в 1 г.п. составила 204 кг/га, во 2 г.п. - 260 кг/га. Существенно более высокую урожайность семян 251 кг/га сформировала люцерна сорта Гюзель. Рекомендуемая длительность использования травостоя лядвенца рогатого - два-три года. В 1 и 2 г.п. травостоем урожайность семян лядвенца была относительно высокой - 215-378 и 213-349 кг/га соответственно, к 3 г.п. она снизилась до 89-161 кг/га. Старовозрастный травостой лядвенца 4 г.п. не сформировал семян. При посеве лядвенца беспокровно либо под покров яровой пшеницы обычным рядовым способом с нормой высева 8-9 млн шт/га отмечена наибольшая урожайность семян - 255-270 кг/га. Длительность использования травостоя козлятника восточного - до 10 лет и более. Наибольшая урожайность семян (510 кг/га) козлятника получена при уборке травостоя в 1 г.п. - на корм, во 2-5 г.п. - на семена, с 6 г.п. - на корм.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Zhuzhzhalova, T.P. | Znamenskaya, V.V. | Oshevnev, V.P. | Kolesnikova, Е.О. | Gribanova, N.P. | Vasil'chenko, E.N. | Cherkasova, N.N., The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Sugar Beet and Sugar, Voronezh Region

An original scheme of mass reproduction and in vitro deposition has been developed to maintain genetic uniformity of lines, which are components of highly productive hybrids, and to ensure maximum expression of their morphogenetic potential. The scheme includes three-year cycle of breeding, biotechnological and agrotechnical techniques. First, selected genotypes of hybrid components are transferred to in vitro culture, stabilized and transplanted to gene bank of elite clones. Apexes of flowering shoots were used as explants. Nutrient medium contains 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and gibberellin (1:1:1). Explants are cultivated at t 26 deg. C, air humidity less than 70%, photoperiod of 16 h, illumination 5000 Lx. Well-developed regenerants are deposited on a hormone-free nutrient medium at t 4-5 deg. C and illumination of 500-600 Lx. Elongation make possible to maintain valuable properties of line material in purity for a long time (4–9 months). The second stage is micropropagation of elite regenerants, rooting and transplanting to soil substratum in a greenhouse to form stecklings (small beet roots) with mass of about 100 g. Indole-butyric acid (2 mg/L) is introduced into the medium to induce root formation. Rooting of shoots in 3-4 weeks is 67.7-94.1%. Steckling vernalization is carried out during 2–3 months at a temperature of 2–3 deg C and air moisture of 95%. It provides safe keeping of stecklings up to 98.3%. At the third stage, seed plants are grown from stecklings under field conditions to obtain elite seeds. Stecklings are planted in two separate plots; they are placed in rows at intervals of 30 cm and with row-spacing of 70 cm. Seeds of a simple hybrid and a heterosis pollinator are harvested separately, and it followed by seed cleaning and sizing. Implementation of mass micropropagation biotechnological methods and in vitro elongation of sugar beet breeding materials will accelerate highly productive hybrids creating and store valuable agronomic traits of domestic breeding material. | Для сохранения генетической однородности линий – компонентов высокопродуктивных гибридов и максимального обеспечения их морфогенетического потенциала предложена оригинальная схема массового размножения и депонирования in vitro, включающая трехлетний цикл селекционных, биотехнологических и агротехнических приемов. Сначала отобранные генотипы компонентов гибрида вводят в культуру in vitro, стабилизируют и переводят в генетический банк элитных клонов. В качестве эксплантов используют верхушки цветоносных побегов. В состав питательной среды включают 6-бензиламинопурин, кинетин и гиббереллин (1:1:1). Экспланты культивируют при t 26 град. С, влажности воздуха не выше 70%, фотопериоде 16 ч, освещенности 5000 Лк. Хорошо развитые регенеранты депонируют на безгормональной питательной среде при t 4-5 град. С и освещенности 500-600 Лк. Элонгация дает возможность длительно (4–9 месяцев) сохранять в чистоте ценные свойства линейных материалов. Второй этап включает микроразмножение элитных регенерантов, укоренение и перевод в почвенный субстрат теплиц для формирования штеклингов (небольших корнеплодов) массой около 100 г. Для индукции корнеобразования в среду вводят индолилмасляную кислоту (2 мг/л). Укореняемость побегов через 3-4 нед. составляет 67,7-94,1%. Яровизацию штеклингов осуществляют в течение 2–3 месяцев при t 2–3 град. С и влажности воздуха 95%. Это обеспечивает сохранность штеклингов до 98,3%. Далее выращивают семенные растения из штеклингов в полевых условиях для получения семян элиты. Посадку штеклингов проводят на 2 отдельных участках, располагая их в рядках через 30 см с междурядьями 70 см. Семена простого гибрида и гетерозисного опылителя убирают по отдельности, с последующей очисткой и калибровкой. Реализация биотехнологических приемов массового размножения и элонгации in vitro селекционных материалов сахарной свеклы позволит ускорить процесс создания высокопродуктивных гибридов при сохранении хозяйственно-полезных свойств отечественного селекционного материала.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2017

Bogomazov, S.V. | Kochmin, A.G. | Tikhonov, N.N. | Kudin, S.M., Penza State Agriculrural Academy

Two-factor experiments were done in the Penza region in 2014-2016 in eight-course grain-fallow-grass crop rotation. Factors: type of fallow (black or seeded with meadow clover of the second year of use) and application of retardants in crops of winter wheat (control without treatment; spraying in a phase of spring tillering with growth regulators Moddus (0.4 l/ha) or Reggie (1.2 l/ha). The conducted studies stated that the greatest accumulation of stocks of productive moisture in the layer 0-30 cm was observed in the black fallow. Before sowing winter wheat the difference compared to the seeded fallow was on average 9.1 mm (46.2 and 37.1 mm). The introduction of seeded fallow led to an increase in the number of weeds by 7 units/m2 (50 vs 43). The treatment of crops with Moddus in the rate of 0.4 l/ha in the phase of spring tillering reduced plant height in average by 10 cm (from 98.0 to 88.0 cm). The greatest effect in reducing the height was observed in the variant when spraying crops with growth regulator Reggie – to 77.5 cm. The maximum weight of grain per spike and, consequently, winter wheat yield (3.58 t/ha) was observed in the variant with treatment of crops with Reggie. The increase relative to the control was 0.37 t/ha. Introduction of Moddus on seeded fallow had the greatest influence on the quantity and quality of wet gluten, the content of which was 29.6%, which is by 4.6% greater compared to the control variant. Using seeded fallow as a predecessor of winter wheat increased the gluten content in average by 1.8%, and the spraying of crops with growth regulators – by 2.5%. The conclusion is that introduction of the seeded fallow to the crop rotation increases contamination of crops, and application of retardants is an agronomicaly effective method. | Двухфакторные опыты проводили в Пензенской области в 2014-2016 гг. в 8-польном зернопаротравяном севообороте. Факторами являлись вид пара (черный или занятый клевером луговым 2-го года пользования) и применение ретардантов в посевах озимой пшеницы (контроль без обработки; опрыскивание в фазу весеннего кущения регуляторами роста Моддус (0,4 л/га) или Рэгги (1,2 л/га). Проведенные исследования показали, что наибольшее накопление запасов продуктивной влаги в слое 0...30 см наблюдалось в черном пару. Перед посевом озимой пшеницы разница по сравнению с занятым паром составила в среднем 9,1 мм (46,2 и 37,1 мм). Введение занятого пара приводило к повышению количества сорняков на 7 шт./м2 (50 против 43). Обработка посевов в фазу весеннего кущения Моддусом с нормой расхода 0,4 л/га снижала высоту растений в среднем на 10 см (с 98,0 до 88,0 см). Наилучший эффект в снижении высоты был отмечен в варианте с опрыскиванием посевов регулятором роста Рэгги – до 77,5 см. Наибольшая масса зерна с колоса и, соответственно, урожайность озимой пшеницы (3,58 т/га) отмечались в варианте с обработкой посевов Рэгги. Прибавка по отношению к контролю составила 0,37 т/га. Внесение Моддуса по занятому пару оказало наибольшее влияние на количество и качество сырой клейковины, содержание которой составило 29,6%, что на 4,6% больше по сравнению с контрольным вариантом. Применение в качестве предшественника озимой пшеницы занятого пара увеличивало содержание клейковины в среднем на 1,8%, а опрыскивание посевов регуляторами роста – на 2,5%. Сделаны выводы, что введение в севооборот занятого пара увеличивает засоренность посевов, а применение ретардантов является агрономически эффективным приемом.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Charykov, V.I. | Mityunin, A.A., The T.S. Maltsev Kurgan State Agricultural Academy, Kurgan Region

Metallomagnetic impurity (MI) which have incidentally got to raw materials can damage working bodies of machines, accelerate their wear, ingress of MI in finished goods is inadmissible. Efficiency of cleaning raw materials and intermediate products of separation from MI is defined by a ratio of the time spent by a particle in a zone of electromagnetic separator and time necessary for passing by it the distance to separator pole. Efficiency of separation was studied on the example of electromagnetic separator of spilled type for cleaning sunflower seeds. The mathematical model describing movement of MI particles is developed, and the received differential equations are solved. The calculated time values of particle movement across separator zone allowed to draw a conclusion that the ferromagnetic particle will be quicker attracted to polar tips, than to pass along electromagnetic separator, that is, the condition of separation efficiency is fulfilled. Results of calculations are confirmed by experimental data. | Случайно попавшие в сырье металломагнитные примеси (МП) могут повредить рабочие органы машин, ускорить их изнашивание, не допускается попадание МП в готовую продукцию. Эффективность очистки сырья и промежуточных продуктов сепарации от МП определяется соотношением значений времени нахождения частицы в зоне электромагнитного сепаратора и времени, необходимого частице для прохождения ею расстояния до полюса сепаратора. Эффективность сепарации изучали на электромагнитном сепараторе просыпного типа для очистки семян подсолнечника. Разработана математическая модель, описывающая движение частиц МП, и решены полученные дифференциальные уравнения. Вычисленные значения времени движения частицы поперек зоны сепаратора позволили сделать вывод о том, что ферромагнитная частица будет быстрее притягиваться к полюсным наконечникам, чем проходить вдоль электромагнитного сепаратора, т.е. условие эффективности сепарации выполняется. Результаты расчетов подтверждаются экспериментальными данными.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2013

Torchik, S.P. | Titok, V.V., National Academy of Sciences, Minsk (Belarus). Central Botanical Garden

The problem of the preservation of biological diversity of natural flora appears one of the most important challenges of modern science. Increase of the influence of anthropogenic factors on natural plant communities leads to destabilization of their structure and decrease of species composition of plants. Due to this some plant species become rare and endangered. Therefore, research of the rare and endangered plants in natural conditions is displaces with scientific investigation of them in the conditions of culture. It allows development practical directions aimed on conservation of the most vulnerable species. The peculiarities of the development and reproduction of six species of rare and endangered natural flora plants of Belarus in cultivated conditions are determined. Laboratory germination of the plants within different temperatures is evaluated; the influence of the term of sawing and stratification on germination level of rare and endangered plants is analyzed. It has been noted that all the examined species when exposed to routine agro-technical measures every year pass through a complete growth cycle of seasonal development, bear seeds and some of them are able to provide natural self-seed.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2013

Zhukovski, A.G. | Ilyuk, A.G. | Radyna, A.A. | Zhuk, E.I. | Leshkevich, V.G., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute of Plant Protection

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus currently into the "State Register ..." there were introduced two new preparations with the original combination of active substances - Polaris, microemulsion (ME) and Benefit, microemulsion (ME) for the protection of winter crops and spring crops against disease by seed dressing. Polaris, ME contains three active ingredients, two of which render systemic effects (imazalil and tebuko-nazol), and one of a single action( prochloraz). The study of the funcicide action against seed infection (Fusarium, Helminthosporium) shows the effectiveness of 100%. In field trials in 2012 against moderate development of snow mold, which killed winter wheat and winter triticale at the level of 6.4 and 5.5%, respectively, the biological efficiency of the preparation was at the level and standard and depending on the application rate was 67,2-100%. In protection of spring crops against diseases besides fungicide Polaris, ME there was examined the efficiency of a preparation Benefit, ME at rates of 0.6 and 0.8 liter / ton. The preparation contains three active ingredients having systemic properties - imazalil, metalaxyl and tebuconazole.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2013

Budrevich, A.P., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute of Plant Protection | Shipko, P.I., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Land Reclamation | Bogomolova, I.V., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute of Plant Protection

In course of the research there were developed the regulations of application of new, highly herbicides in seed crops of creeping fescue (Festuca rubra) and June grass (Poa pratensis). The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in Vitebsk Reclamation Station in 2006-2010. As a result of realized research it was revealed that biological efficiency estimation of herbicides lintur, WDG at the rate of application 0.18 kg/ha and phenyzan, WS – at the rate of 0.2 l/ha application in creeping fescue and June grass crops was done. It was determined, that in the majority of cases these preparations were a little bit inferior in the efficiency to agritox, WC against fat hen, but considerably exceeded it by action on field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus L.), corn mayweed (Matricaria inodora L.), winterweed (Stellaria media L.), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa pastoris L.) and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.). As a result, weight reduction of all weed plant species with phenyzan application made 86.4-88.5%, lintur – 92.6-94.4%, agritox – 66.5-75.8%.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Italy

2012

Taranukho, V.G., Belarus State Academy of Agriculture, Gorki

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented results of the estimations of varieties and variety samples of non-alkaloid yellow lupine (Lupinus luleus) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) of Polish, Belarusian and Russian selection and soybean (Glycine max) varieties according to the main economically valuable sings, while growing them for seeds in the conditions of the north-eastern region of the Republic of Belarus. We have analyzed the obtained data according to field germination rate of seeds, survivability and plants, height, productivity and elements of its structure. We have selected the best varieties and samples according to the individual and general productivity of plants. During the three-year study it was found that the most productive of the studied varieties of yellow fodder lupine in the north-eastern part of the Belarus were the Russian breeding varieties Kruglik and Peresvet, the increase in grain yield which was 2.0-2.9 t / ha in comparison with the standard, while the Polish cultivar Orbit showed lower yield indexes on 6.4 t / ha.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Milošević, D., Agronomski fakultet, Čačak

Viruses are the uppermost problem in the production of both table and seed potato in all states formed after disintegration of the former Yugoslavia. They keep seed production of that crop at a very low level of standard throughout the region, especially after epidemic of the necrotic strain of potato virus Y, which acts as a limiting factor in seed potato production. Facing such problems, produces often chose to use insecticides as a method of protecting seed potato from getting infected by virus Y, which is transmitted by aphids during vegetation. Pesticide manufacturers, agricultural experts and advisers in various agricultural services often recommend insecticides as a means of controlling virus Y, disregarding various other factors that interfere with the efficacy of such approach. Research reports indicate that insecticides, regardless of their efficacy in controlling aphids as virus vectors, have no positive effect on preventing transmission of virus Y as the virus is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent fashion from external sources of infection. Farmers appear to be unaware of this information as they are pointlessly using insecticides in an attempt to protect their crops from the virus. Insecticides may prove effective in preventing transmission of the Y-VKr virus from the infected to healthy plants inside a crop as virus-infected tubers-plants are allowed to be present in lower categories of seed potato to a certain extent, depending on the category. Using insecticides to prevent the transmission of virus Y from the infected to healthy plants within a crop could be effective when potato seed production is located in an isolated site far from any external sources of infection.

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Matica Srpska Library - Serbia