AGRIS - 

2019

Shamanin, A.A. | Popova, L.A. | Gintov, V.V., Arkhangelsk Research and Development Inst. of Agriculture

In conditions of Northern region where livestock is fully provided with feed, there is a substantial deficit of vegetable protein in animal rations. This is due to the predominance feeds of low and medium protein content and using a very limited variety of species in the feed crop production. The issue of growing good quality feed crops in enough quantity can be solved by widening the species composition of cultivated feed plants. The purpose of this research was to study the rare species and cultivars of feed crops promising for formation of high-quality feed agrophytocenosis in the Northern region of Russia. The novelty of this study was in assessment of forage crops on the adaptation degree of adaptability to new growing conditions. The practical value of the results is the introduction of feed crops that optimally combining the adaptive and productive properties. It is necessary for increase in feed crop species diversity, strengthening the feed base of livestock and increase the fertility of agricultural landscapes in the studied region. In the course of the research, different responses of the studied feed crops to the growing conditions were revealed. The most adaptive and highly productive feed crops were selected. Traditional perennial Gramineae and Fabaceae are usually used for formation of feed agrophytocenosis. During two years of study, the 'Pridonskaya' Eastern fescue (Festuca orientalis) was selected as the most productive feed crops among the rare Gramineae. This variety was bred by Voronezh Research Institute of Agriculture. In the first year the total green feed yield of this species was 51 t/ha, dry feed – of 12.1 t/ha, in the second year - 32 t/ha and 6.2 t/ha respectively. Trifolium pratense 'Korifei' (bred by FSUE "Kotlasskoe") was selected as the most efficient feed crop among Fabaceae. Its total yield in the first year was 50 t/ha of green feed and 6.1 t/ha of dry feed. In the second year there was 40 t/ha and 7.7 t/ha respectively. | В условиях северного региона при полной обеспеченности животноводства кормами сохраняется значительный дефицит растительного белка в рационах животных. Это связано с преобладанием в рационе низко- и среднепротеиновых кормов и использованием в кормопроизводстве крайне ограниченного ассортимента кормовых культур. Решить проблему выращивания растениеводческой продукции хорошего качества в достаточном количестве можно посредством расширения видового состава возделываемых кормовых растений. Цель исследований - изучение малораспространенных видов и сортов кормовых культур для формирования высококачественных кормовых агроценозов в условиях северного региона России. Новизна исследований состоит в оценке кормовых культур на степень адаптивности к новым для них условиям произрастания. Практическая значимость результатов исследований заключается в интродукции кормовых культур, оптимально сочетающих адаптивные и продуктивные свойства, для расширения видового их разнообразия, укрепления кормовой базы животноводства и повышения плодородия агроландшафтов в условиях северного региона России. В результате исследований выявлена различная реакция изучаемых культур к условиям произрастания и выделены наиболее адаптивные высокопродуктивные культуры. Для формирования кормовых агроценозов используются в основном традиционные многолетние злаковые и бобовые кормовые культуры. Среди малораспространенных культур в течение исследований (2016-2017 гг.) выделилась овсяница восточная "Придонская" (оригинатор – "Воронежский НИИСХ") как самая урожайная многолетняя злаковая культура, обеспечившая в первый год жизни урожайность зеленой массы 51 т/га и сухого вещества 12,1 т/га, а также 32 т/га и 6,2 т/га соответственно во второй год жизни. Из многолетних бобовых культур с урожайностью 50 т/га зеленой массы и 6,1 т/га сухого вещества в первый год жизни и 40 т/га зеленой массы и 7,7 т/га сухого вещества выделился клевер луговой "Корифей" (оригинатор – ФГУП "Котласское").

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Kalpokas, V.V. | Antonova, O.I., Altai State Agrarian Univ., Barnaul

The study was conducted in 2019 in the Altai region. A pelleted organo-mineral fertilizer was made from litter manure bio-compost with using of Sanvit- K biological product (100 g t). The fertilizer contained 68.5% of organic matter, humic compounds (12.9%), total nitrogen (1.94%), phosphorus (0.56%) and potassium (2.72%). Its application under oats at rates of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 t ha at sowing increased the yield from 2.16 t ha to 2.4-3.18 t ha, or by 11.1-17.2%, and the protein content from 14.8% to 11.2-15.3%. When nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer was applied, these indices were 2.35 t ha (8.9%) and 11.1%. After pre-planting application of this fertilizer for maize at a rate of 0.05 t ha, the yield increase made 7.7 t ha, or 23% as compared to the control. The green herbage contained 20% of dry matter, 12.1% of protein, 20.5% of fiber, 3.2% of ash, 1.04 fodder units per 1 kg of forage and 11.31 MJ as compared to 18.5%; 10.7; 16.5; 1.0; 17.7; 12.03, respectively, of those in the control. In the fertilized variant more ears in one plant were formed – 3.16 against 2.28, and the proportion in the total biomass increased from 40.4 to 48.6%. The application of pelleted organo-mineral fertilizers at the dose of 5 dt/ha increases the yield of corn herbage by 23% and achieves producing a high quality feed. | Исследование проводили в 2019 г. В Алтайском крае. Из биокомпоста подстилочного навоза с использованием биопрепарата "Санвит-К" в дозе 100 г/т получено гранулированное органоминеральное удобрение с содержанием органического вещества 68,5%, гуминовых соединений 12,9; общего азота 1,94; фосфора 0,56; калия 2,72%. Его внесение под овес в нормах 1,0; 1,5 и 2,5 ц/га при посеве повысило урожайность с 2,16 до 2,4-3,18 т/га, или на 11,1-17,2%, и изменило содержание белка с 14,8 до 11,2-15,3%. При внесении азофоски эти показатели составили 2,35 ц/га (8,9%) и 11,1%. При допосевном внесении под кукурузу в дозе 0,5 ц/га прирост урожайности составил 7,7 т/га, или 23%, к контролю. Зеленая масса содержала: 20% сухого вещества, 12,1% протеина, 20,5% клетчатки, 3,2% золы, 1,04 к.ед. в 1 кг корма и 11,31 мДж против 18,5; 10,7; 16,5; 1,0; 17,7; 12,03% соответственно на контроле. По удобренному варианту образовалось больше початков на 1 растении – 3,16 против 2,28 шт., а доля в общей биомассе увеличилась с 40,4 до 48,6%. Применение органоминеральных удобрений в дозе 5 ц/га обеспечивает повышение урожайности зеленой массы кукурузы на 23% и получение высококачественного корма. A pelleted organo-mineral fertilizer was made from litter manure bio-compost with using of Sanvit-K biological product (100 g t). The fertilizer contained 68.5% of organic matter, humic compounds (12.9%), total nitrogen (1.94%), phosphorus (0.56%) and potassium (2.72%). Its application under oats at rates of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 t ha at sowing increased the yield from 2.16 t ha to 2.4-3.18 t ha, or by 11.1-17.2%, and the protein content from 14.8% to 11.2-15.3%. When nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer was applied, these indices were 2.35 t ha (8.9%) and 11.1%. After pre-planting application of this fertilizer for maize at a rate of 0.05 t ha, the yield increase made 7.7 t ha, or 23% as compared to the control. The green herbage contained 20% of dry matter, 12.1% of protein, 20.5% of fiber, 3.2% of ash, 1.04 fodder units per 1 kg of forage and 11.31 MJ as compared to 18.5%; 10.7; 16.5; 1.0; 17.7; 12.03, respectively, of those in the control.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Grebennikov, V.G. | Shipilov, I.A. | Khonina, O.V., North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, Stavropol Region

In comparison with black steam on chestnut soils of the dry steppe zone. The research is based on the methods of effective management of production, environmental functions, which are designed to improve the adaptability of plants and the stability of the production of winter wheat grain in the dry steppe zone. The dependence of the accumulation of root and green above-ground biomass on the species composition of perennial grasses in agrophytocenosis was revealed. In the conditions of the dry steppe zone, perennial legumes in the grain-fodder crop rotation provide the greatest yield of feed (1.8-3.1 t/ha of dry matter) and winter wheat grain (4.1-4.6 t/ha) and as a precursor in its efficiency are practically not inferior to black steam. Perennial legumes are left in the soil for an average of 1 year of use of grass to 1.42-1.94 t/ha of organic matter, which greatly affects the stabilization and increase of humus in the soil. Restoration of the acreage of forage crops and, especially, perennial legumes, will ensure more sustainable functioning of field agroecosystems. For the first time, to the arid regions of the North Caucasus (HTC - 0.3-0.5), the introduced design is resistant to negative factors of agrolandscapes, due to the replacement of energy-intensive anthropogenic resources biological factors on the basis of increasing the share of perennial legumes as a predecessor of winter wheat, efficiency is not inferior to the black steam in the development of adapted to the zone of dry steppes of environmentally safe technologies. | Цель исследований - изучение влияния различных видов многолетних бобовых трав на урожайность озимой пшеницы в сравнении с черным паром на каштановых почвах сухостепной зоны. Исследования базируются на методах эффективного управления продукционными, средообразующими функциями, которые предназначены для повышения адаптивности растений и устойчивости производства зерна озимой пшеницы в зоне сухих степей. Выявлена зависимость накопления корневой и зеленой надземной биомассы от видового состава многолетних трав в агрофитоценозе. В условиях сухостепной зоны многолетние бобовые травы в зерно-кормовом севообороте обеспечивают наибольший выход кормов (1,8-3,1 т/га сухого вещества) и зерна озимой пшеницы (4,1-4,6 т/га) и в качестве предшественника по своей эффективности практически не уступают черному пару. Многолетние бобовые травы оставляют в почве в среднем за 1 год пользования травостоя до 1,42-1,94 т/га органического вещества, что в значительной мере сказывается на стабилизации и повышении содержания гумуса в почве. Восстановление посевных площадей кормовых культур и особенно многолетних бобовых трав обеспечит более устойчивое функционирование полевых агроэкосистем. Впервые для засушливых районов Северного Кавказа (ГТК 0,3-0,5) предложено конструирование устойчивых к негативным факторам агроландшафтов за счет замены энергоемких антропогенных ресурсов биологическими факторами на основе увеличения доли посева многолетних бобовых трав как предшественника озимой пшеницы, по своей эффективности не уступающих черному пару при освоении адаптированных к зоне сухих степей экологически безопасных технологий.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

The unsystematic use of pastures conditions collapse of natural grass cover, the creation of downtrodden paths, the demolition of slopes, and the establishment of the sources of erosion. The configuration of individual plots determines alternating of grazing methods on mountain pastures, while in the unfenced area the technique of grazing is determined by the herder’s experience, who observes equal distribution of animals on the pastures, regulates the rate of grazing, chooses the grazing route, the start, end and watering periods during the day, and prevents overgrazing. Ref. 6.

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Georgian Research Institute for Scientific Technical Information - Georgia

2019

Pavlu, Klara | Kassahun, Teowdroes | Nwaogu, Chukwudi et al.

Dung deposited by grazing animals is a key driver affecting sward structure and nutrient cycling in pastures. We tested herbage and soil properties in three types of tall sward-height patches (> 10 cm): (i) patches with dung under intensive grazing; (ii) patches with dung under extensive grazing; and (iii) patches with no dung under extensive grazing. These patches were compared with grazed swards under intensive and extensive grazing. Analyses indicated no significant effect of different types of patches on plant available nutrients. Herbage nutrient concentrations from the different types of patches differed significantly. The highest concentrations of nitrogen (30.65 g/kg), phosphorus (4.51 g/kg) and potassium (22.06 g/kg) in the herbage dry matter were in the tall patches with dung presence under intensive grazing regime because of nutrients from dung utilized for sward regrowth. Regardless of dung presence, similar herbage nutrient concentrations were revealed in non-grazed tall sward-height patches in extensive grazing regime. The presence of dung did not have any effect on the plant available nutrients in any type of patches, therefore we suppose that non-utilized nutrients were probably leached, volatilised or transformed into unavailable forms and thus soil nutrient enrichment was low.

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Library of Antonin Svehla - Czechia

2019

Decomposed dung\manure is applied usually in grasslands once every 4-5 years in the amount 15-20 t/ha, whereas insufficiently decomposed manure - 20-30 t/ha. Manure of all all kinds of livestock can be used as a fertilizer, however, sheep dung is most productive on grasslands, after the horse, pig and, finally, cattle manure. The action of once-applied manure on herb productivity lasts for more than 5-6 years. The efficiency of manure application is comparatively lower on dry lowland grasslands, higher for subapls under mountain conditions, and again comprativelo lower in the alpine zone. Ref. 5.

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Georgian Research Institute for Scientific Technical Information - Georgia