AGRIS - 

2019

Hospodarenko G.M.

The article presents the results of studies on the study of the nutrient regime of the soil in the field crop rotation for the longterm application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers. The research was conducted in 2016-2018 under the conditions of the stationary field experiment, which was laid in 2011 on the research field of the Uman National Horticulture University located in the Mankovsky natural and agricultural area of the Central-Dnipro-Bug District of the Forest-Steppe Right Bank province. The soil of the experimental site is black-ground podzolized heavy-sandy loam with humus content of 3.8%, nitrogen content of readily hydrolyzed compounds - low, mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds increased, pH 5.5. The experiment is simultaneously deployed on four fields with such alternation of crops: winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soy beans. A non-cumulative part of the crop yield was left on the field for fertilizer. Phosphoric (granulated superphosphate) and potassium fertilizers (potassium chloride) were introduced under sown soil tillage, nitric (ammonium nitrate) - under pre-sowing cultivation and fertilization. Studies have established that pseudozol black earth has a low nitrogen content of easilyhydrolyzed compounds, even when applied on the background of the non-consumable part of the crop N110P60K80 abandoned for fertilization during two rotations of a 4-way crop rotation. This indicates the importance of the nitrogen component in the fertilizer system of crops. Application of phosphate fertilizers in a dose of P30-60 per 1 hectare of crop rotation allows maintaining the content of mobile phosphates in the soil at the initial level. In version N110K80, the average annual reduction in their content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm is 2.5 mg / kg of soil. Despite the significant return of potassium to the soil with the unpopular part of the crop and its significant natural reserves, in the plots without potassium fertilizers, there is a significant decrease in the content of its mobile compounds in the soil layer of 0-20 cm - from 131.7 to 120.3-127, 9 mg / kg. This indicates the inappropriateness of the complete refusal to use potassium fertilizers. In order to restore and improve the nutritional regime of chernozem podzoleny in field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soy) against the background of leaving in the field of non-part of the crop, mineral fertilizers should be introduced in a dose of N110P60K40 per 1 hectare of crop rotation. Reduced twice the amount of potassium fertilizers that were calculated by the economic removal of potassium stabilize the content of its mobile compounds in the soil.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

T. N. Sivkova | M. V. Hazova

Objective of research is investigation of level of soil contamination on the territory of Dog training service Center State institution of Home Office of Russia in Perm region by helminthes in warm period and activity of several disinfectants in different concentrations to parasite eggs in vitro. Materials and methods. Parasitological analysis of soil from different points of Dog Training Center was carried out by combined method. Investigations of activity of several disinfectants were carried out on example of noninvasive and invasive Toxocara canis eggs in vitro by direct addition and by addition to samples of soil. Results and discussion. Soil samples were collected from 13 points of the Dog Training Center: area for walk adult dogs, area for training to special program, two areas for walk puppies, quarantine area, central training area, passages between enclosures and glade with forest territory. The investigation of soil examples revealed presence of free nematodes and eggs of dog’s parasites: Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Physaloptera spp., Capillaria sp., Strongiloides vulpis. Maximal level of infection was observed in May and minimal one - in April. At the second step of our work we analyzed effect of disinfectants from different chemical groups to T. сanis eggs. Preparations on base of chlorhexidinedigluconate 20 % and ethanol 70 %, quaternary ammonium compound alkyldimethilbenzilammonium chloride 10%, polyhexamethilenguanidine hydrochloride 1 % and carbamide, alkyldimethilbenzilammonium chloride 30 %, glyoxalin 5 %, gluten aldehyde 0,5 %, 17 % peracetic acid - 20 % peroxide, 3 % of active chlorine and formalin in 10 % and 40 % concentrations . Microscopic investigation was revealed that noninvasive T. canis eggs were destroyed only by effect of 2 % solution of preparation on base 17 % peracetic acid - 20 % peroxide and 3 % of active chlorine. Invasive eggs were not destroyed even extremely high doses of investigated solutions. Preparation on 17 % peracetic acid - 20% peroxide has not expressed smell but in big concentrations dries skin, therefore it is more effective to helminthes eggs and has better organoleptic characteristics. It is more suitable for soil disinfection in Dog training Center.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

O. V. Mos'kina | N. S. Malysheva | T. M. Guzeeva | N. A. Samoylovskaya

Objective of research: The purpose of the study is to carry out ecological and sanitary-parasitological monitoring of soils, waste water and sewage for the presence of eggs of geohelminths (Toxocara SPP) in Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, in 2013 to 2015. The materials and methods. The collection of material and dynamic observations were carried out in the period from 2013 to 2015 on the territory of Nizhnevartovsk. The research was conducted in parasitological lab of the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug Ugra in Nizhnevartovsk and Nizhnevartovsk district, in the cities Megion and Raduzhny. Dog feces, soil samples, wastewater and sewage served as our research material. We used the sanitary-parasitological, coproovoscopic and statistical methods of research. The results and discussion. Thus, the results obtained in this study give reason to believe that the population of dogs in the city is a constant source of abundant contamination of the environment by helminth eggs, first of all, by Toxocara eggs, representing a threat to humans. An important element in reduction of toxocariasis should be the control of dog populations through intensive trapping of stray and neglected animals, the development of rules and regulations of the density of their populations through the relevant veterinary and sanitary authorities, as well as improving sanitary requirements for maintenance of animals. Assessing soil contamination by eggs of Toxocara spp. we can conclude that in accordance with the sanitary-epidemiological rules and norms, the degree of epidemic danger of soil given in SanPiN 2.1.7.1287 - 03 «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for soil quality», the city of Nizhnevartovsk (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug) can be characterized as moderately hazardous. The results obtained in the study of wastewater sewage and its precipitation showed that the treatment plant while going through all the stages of decontamination provides full dehelmintization and desinvasion (inactivation of viable helminth eggs) of wastewater and their fractions.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

Stanislav S. Ryazanov | Boris R. Grigoryan | Ilnaz A. Sahabiev

A geochemical survey of lead contamination was conducted for soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. 1164 topsoil samples were collected from different soil types. The effect of land use type (natural, agricultural, urbanized) on lead content and mobility in the topsoil was evaluated. The method of regression trees was used to study the structure of interactions between lead and other soil factors (organic matter, physical clay, Fe, Mn, pH). The relative impacts of soil constituents on the content and mobility of lead in soils were assessed. The results showed that human activities were not the primary source of lead in the soils under natural and agricultural land use types. The correlations between content and mobility of lead and soil components are determined by the soil type and land use type

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2019

Chernikov, O.N. | Bychenin, A.P. | Sazonov, D.S., Samara State Agricultural Academy

The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the reduction of the effect of wheeled running gears on the soil structure and hardness in a tractor track. Herein are provided the technique and results of the study of the impact of driving wheels of the power facility of machine-tractor aggregates (MTA) on the hardness and structure of the soil horizon layers. Influence of slipping on these indicators is revealed. Studied was the operation of MTA as a part of a drawbar category tractor 0.6 kN (T-25A) and a trailing cultivator KPS-4.0. The study method involved the determination of changes in the structural composition of the soil by the number of erosion-hazardous (less than 0.25 mm) particles, as well as soil hardness following the tractor track in various layers of the horizon (0-50 mm; 50-100 mm; 100-150 mm; 150-200 mm and 200-250 mm). The slipping behavior was changed due to the changing the number of working sections of the cultivator. The slipping of the driving wheels and the agronomic background were taken into account. Studies were conducted in the conditions of equal humidity. Speed, weight and air pressure of MTA inside the tires of the driving wheels were kept constant. It has been established that the structure of the soil over the horizon layers is subjected to the greatest changes at slipping delta=20-30%. This range is the least favorable to change the hardness. The dependences of the structure and the soil hardness over the layers of the horizon due on slipping allows recognizing the regime of operation of MTA as rational in which the slipping of the power facility running gears is in the range of 9-12%, regardless of the agricultural background. Slipping exceeding 12% leads to an abrupt increase in erosion-hazardous particles in the soil structure and the hardness in the tractor track 3.4-3.7 times in a layer 50-100 mm deep. | Цель исследований – разработка рекомендаций по снижению воздействия колесных движителей на структуру и твердость почвы в следе трактора. Приведены методика и результаты исследования воздействия ведущих колес энергетического средства машинно-тракторного агрегата (МТА) на структуру и твердость почвы по слоям горизонта. Выявлено влияние буксования на данные показатели. Исследовали работу МТА в составе трактора тягового класса 0,6 кН (Т-25А) и прицепного культиватора КПС-4,0. Методика исследования подразумевала определение изменения структурного состава почвы по количеству эрозионно-опасных (размером менее 0,25 мм) частиц, а также твердости почвы по следу трактора в различных слоях горизонта (0…50 мм; 50…100 мм; 100…150 мм; 150…200 мм и 200…250 мм). Режим буксования изменялся за счет изменения количества рабочих секций культиватора. Учитывалось буксование ведущих колес, а также агрономический фон. Исследования проводились в условиях одинаковой влажности. Скорость движения МТА, его масса и давление воздуха в шинах ведущих колес поддерживались постоянными. Установлено, что структура почвы по слоям горизонта подвергается наибольшим изменениям при буксовании дельта=20…30%. Для изменения твердости данный диапазон также является наименее благоприятным. Полученные зависимости структуры и твердости почвы по слоям горизонта от буксования позволяют признать рациональными режимы работы МТА, при которых буксование движителей энергетического средства находится в диапазоне 9…12% вне зависимости от агрофона. Буксование свыше 12% приводит к резкому увеличению в структуре почвы количества эрозионно опасных частиц, а также повышению твердости почвы в следе трактора в 3,4…3,7 раза в слое глубиной 50…100 мм.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Nekrasov, R.V., Ministry of Agriculture, Moscow

There are given the results of soil monitoring of arable lands in respect with the salinity problem. There have been identified the arable land highly required gypsum ameliorant application due to the salinity problem in the entities of the Russian Federation. Presented are the results of long long-term field studies of the effectiveness of neutralized phosphogypsum application and its influence on soil fertility in rice crop rotations of the Krasnodar region, yield and quality of rice grain. It is shown that phosphogypsum application is highly effective and promising agricultural technique. Under the conditions of periodic irrigation flooding during rice cultivation, phosphogypsum application in plant nutrition system is an energy and resource-saving factor. At the same time, the environmental importance of phosphogypsum utilization is noted, because not only thousands of hectares of fertile land occupied by dumps are returned to agricultural use, but also the soil is enriched by calcium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and a complex of trace elements. The use of phosphogypsum on an area of at least 1 million hectares will save at least 1.5-1.8 billion rubles annually. Phosphogypsum application in agriculture provides a change in cation exchange capacity of meadow-chernozem soil: in the arable horizon, the sodium content decreases by 1.5-2.5 times, the amount of adsorbed bases increases from 25.7 to 30.1 mg-EQ/100 g of soil, the proportion of calcium increases from 79 to 89.9%. High phosphorus and sulphur content in phosphogypsum (1.5-4% P2O5 and up to 21% of Sulphur) leads to high efficiency of its application and lead to cost recovery for transportation and product application. | Приведены результаты мониторинга почв пахотных угодий по уровню засоления. Выявлены наибольшие площади пашни, требующие гипсования в субъектах Российской Федерации. Представлены результаты многолетних полевых исследований по агроэкологической оценке эффективности нейтрализованного фосфогипса на плодородие почв в рисовых севооборотах Краснодарского края, урожай и качество зерна риса. Показано, что применение фосфогипса актуально, высокоэффективно и перспективно. В условиях периодического затопления почв при возделывании риса включение фосфогипса в систему питания растений является энерго- и ресурсосберегающим фактором. При этом отмечается природоохранное значение утилизации фосфогипса, так как не только освобождаются тысячи гектаров плодородной земли, занятых отвалами, но и обогащается почва кальцием, кремнием, фосфором, серой и комплексом микроэлементов. Применение фосфогипса на площади хотя бы 1 млн га позволит ежегодно экономить не менее 1,5-1,8 млрд руб. Его внесение в почву обеспечивает изменение состав поглощенных оснований лугово-черноземной почвы: в пахотном горизонте снижается содержание натрия в 1,5-2,5 раза, увеличивается сумма оснований с 25,7 до 30,1 мг-экв/100 г почвы, возрастает доля кальция с 79 до 89,9%. Высокая агроэкономическая эффективность применения фосфогипса обусловлена содержанием в его составе 1,5-4% Р2О5 в усвояемой форме, до 21% серы, что в значительной степени возмещает затраты сельского хозяйства на его транспортирование и внесение в почву.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Пуртова, Л.Н. | Емельянов, А.Н.

Статья посвящена выявлению этнокультурного и лингвосемиотического пласта, который маркируется французскими заимствованиями в тексте англоязычной массовой культуры. Проводится изучение семиотического и прагматического компонентов лексических единиц, заимствованных из французского языка, а также выявление основных культурологических концептов, транслируемых французским языком в тексте англоязычного масскульта. Исследовано влияние различных систем агротехнической обработки в агротемногумусовых глеевых почвах (боронование, дискование) с внесением удобрений в посевах козлятника восточного (Galega orientalis Lam) на физикохимические свойства, ферментативную активность и процессы гумусонакопления. Основное внимание уделено активности ферментов из класса оксидоредуктаз (пероксидазы, полифенолоксидазы, каталазы) играющих важную роль в биогенезе гумуса. Процессы гумусообразования при дисковании и бороновании происходят в условиях слабокислой реакции среды. Для горизонта PU свойственна высокая и повышенная обеспеченность почв подвижными формами фосфора и калия. Количество гумуса соответствовало уровню ниже средних и средних значений. Обогащенность почв каталазой изменялась от ниже средних до средних значений. Боронование почв с внесением удобрений вызвало уменьшение обогащенности почв каталазой. Интегральный показатель биологического состояния почв, рассчитанный на основе фенолоксидазной, пероксидазной и каталазной активностей, был достаточно высоким на вариантах с дискованием и боронованием с внесением минеральных удобрений. Использование показателей ферментативной активности почв позволило охарактеризовать интенсивность протекания гумусообразовательного процесса.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Marina Sokolova Publishings - Russian Federation

2019

Ivanov, A.I., Agrophysics Research and Development Inst., St. Petersburg

Natural soil formation in the Non-Chernozem zone is aimed at leaching the bases and gradual acidification of the soil. Its main regularities were studied in a series of long-term field experiments and stationary monitoring objects in the period 1984-2018 in the Pskov and Leningrad regions. In the course of their parameters and rates of degradation of acid-base and agrophysical properties of soil were established, new meliorants and accurate systems of their application were developed and tested in experiments. The average annual decrease in pHKCl in soddy-podzolic soils is 0.029 and in high-buffer soddy-carbonate soils is 0.015. The rate of increase in hydrolytic capacity is in the range of 0.02-0.04 and decrease in the amount of exchange bases - 0.10-0.15 mmol-eq/100 g per year. They could increase dramatically in intensive vegetable crop rotations on the background of irrigation. This caused a decrease in the potential soil productivity of the currently actively used lands from 3.7 to 1.8 t/ha grain units. Overcoming the problems requires an early large-scale deployment of works on liming acidic soils using a new generation of meliorants and geoinformation technologies and systems. They can significantly reduce the cost of production of local meliorants and increase the agro-economic impact of them by 1.8-2.5 times. | Естественное почвообразование в Нечерноземной зоне направлено на выщелачивание оснований и постепенное подкисление почвы. Основные его закономерности изучены в серии длительных полевых экспериментов и стационарных мониторинговых объектов в 1984-2018 гг. на территории Псковской и Ленинградской областей. В ходе их установлены параметры и темпы деградации кислотно-основных и агрофизических свойств почвы, разработаны и апробированы новые мелиоранты и точные системы их применения. Среднегодовое снижение pHKCl у дерново-подзолистых почв составляет 0,029, у высокобуферных дерново-карбонатных - 0,015. Темпы увеличения гидролитической кислотности находятся в пределах 0,02-0,04, а снижение суммы обменных оснований составляет 0,10-0,15 ммоль-экв/100 г в год. Они могут резко возрастать в интенсивных овощных севооборотах на фоне орошения. Это вызвало снижение потенциальной продуктивности почвы активно используемых угодий с 3,7 до 1,8 т/га зерн.ед. Преодоление проблем требует скорейшего масштабного развертывания работ по известкованию кислых почв с применением мелиорантов нового поколения, геоинформационных технологий и систем, которые позволяют существенно снизить затраты на производство местных мелиорантов и повысить агроэкономическую отдачу от них в 1,8-2,5 раза.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2019

Алексеев, В.

It is shown how, with the study of the soils of Moldova, expanded and filled with content the expression and guess of V.V. Dokuchaev "on zonality in the mineral kingdom". In Bessarabia, a scientist identified 4 zonal soil types. The studies of N.A.Dimo, I.A.Krupenikov andscientistsof their school have established the presence of horizontal and vertical zonality, represented by chernozems and forest soils. As Dokuchaev foresaw, the zonality in the mineral kingdom of the soil cover can be traced even deeper, at the level of Quaternary sediments. Three types have been established with divided into on species of mineralogical zonality, defined as geological, soil and soil-geological.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Technical University of Moldova - Republic of Moldova

2019

Кислушко, П.М. / Kislushko, P.M.

In the course of the research it was studied c-metolachlor residues determination in plant material, soil and water by gas-liquid chromatography method. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The method of c-metolachlor herbicide microqualities determination in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), potato (Solanum tuberosum), soil and water was developed. The method is based on c-metolachlor extraction from water by chloroform, from plant samples and soil by water – acetone mixture, dry residues bromating with the subsequent determination by gas-liquid chromatography. Limit of discovery (mg/kg): water – 0.001; soil – 0.01; sugar beet – 0.005-0.01; potato – 0.005. Distinctive features of the determination of c-metolachlor are the features of sample preparation, which makes it possible to analyze the preparation with sufficient sensitivity by gas-liquid chromatography using a constant recombination detector or electron capture detector. In the proposed embodiment, the method allows the selective determination of c-metolachlor in the presence of other pesticides used in sugar beet and potato protection programs. / Разработан метод определения микроколичеств гербицида С-метолахлор в растениях свеклы, картофеля, почве и воде. Метод основан на экстракции С-метолахлора из воды хлороформом, из растительных проб и почвы смесью вода-ацетон, бромировании сухого остатка с последующим определением способом газожидкостной хроматографии. Предел обнаружения (мг/кг): вода – 0,001; почва – 0.01; сахарная свекла – 0,005-0,01; картофель – 0,005. Отличительные особенности определения С-метолахлора заключаются в особенностях подготовки пробы, что позволяет с достаточной чувствительностью анализировать препарат методом газожидкостной хроматографии с использованием детектора постоянной скорости рекомбинации или детектора электронного захвата. В предложенном варианте метод дает возможность проводить селективное определение С-метолахлора в присутствии других пестицидов, используемых в программах защиты сахарной свеклы и картофеля.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus