AGRIS - 

2023

Zemtsova, E.S. | Bome, N.A. | Kolokolova, N.N.

The resistance to Fusarium among zonated spring wheat varieties has been evaluated under both natural and artificial infection. The objects of the study were spring soft wheat varieties 'Ikar', 'Aviada', 'Riks', 'Omskaya 36', 'Lyutestsens 70', 'Tyumenskaya 29', 'Tyumenskaya 25', 'Skent 3', 'Kazakhstanskaya 10', 'Tyumenskaya 33'. For two years, the varieties were tested on an artificial infectious background. A mixture of strains of the fungus F. avenaceum was used for infection. During the period of mass flowering, the ears were sprayed with an aqueous spore suspension. After harvesting the prevalence of the disease, the development of symptoms on the ear, the infection of the grain with Fusarium, and the content of grains with external features of Fusarium were evaluated. During the second year of the study, varieties from the state variety testing sites of the Tyumen region located in three natural and climatic zones (sub-boreal forest, northern and southern forest steppe) were additionally analyzed. The infection of grain with Fusarium fungi and the content of fusarium-affected seeds were determined. Positive correlations between the indicators of resistance to fusarium blight, obtained by testing of wheat cultivars on artificial and natural infectious backgrounds were identified. Cultivars of 'Kazakhstanskaya 10', 'Riks', 'Ikar' wheat showed high susceptibility to the disease. Cultivars of 'Tyumenskaya 29', 'Tyumenskaya 25', 'Tyumenskaya 33' wheat showed relative resistance (compared to other varieties) both in natural field conditions and with artificial inoculation of plants. | Оценивали фузариозоустойчивость сортов яровой пшеницы, районированных в Тюменской области, в условиях искусственного заражения растений и на естественном инфекционном фоне. Объектами исследования являлись сортообразцы яровой мягкой пшеницы Икар, Авиада, Рикс, Омская 36, Лютесценс 70, Тюменская 29, Тюменская 25, Скэнт 3, Казахстанская 10, Тюменская 33. В течение двух лет (2014-2015 гг.) сортообразцы испытывали на искусственном инфекционном фоне. Для заражения использовали смесь штаммов гриба F. avenaceum, в период массового цветения колосья опрыскивали водной суспензией спор. После уборки растений оценивали распространённость болезни, развитие симптомов на колосе, заражённость зерна фузариозом, содержание зёрен с внешними признаками фузариоза. Во второй год исследования дополнительно анализировали сортообразцы с государственных сортоиспытательных участков Тюменской области, расположенных в трех природно-климатических зонах (подтайги, северной и южной лесостепи). Определяли заражённость зерна грибами рода Fusarium и содержание фузариозных зёрен. Выявлены тесные прямые корреляции между показателями фузариозоустойчивости, полученными при испытании сортов пшеницы на искусственном и естественном инфекционных фонах. Сорта Казахстанская 10, Рикс, Икар проявили высокую восприимчивость к болезни, а сорта Тюменская 29, Тюменская 25, Тюменская 33 – относительную устойчивость (по сравнению с другими сортами) как в естественных полевых условиях, так и при искусственной инокуляции растений.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Gladysheva, O.V. | Svirina, V.A. | Chernogaev, V.G.

The influence of crop rotations and fertilization systems on increasing soil fertility and spring wheat performance has been studied in a long-term stationary two-factor experiment. The plot is located on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil in the central part of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. Data for 2015-2017 were compared with ones at the experiment beginning (1992). The experiment included: factor A – fertilization system; factor B – crop rotation. According to the experimental design, following fertilizers were used on half the area of the plots: for cereal crops and corn - nitrophoska (NPK)90, in black fallow - N45(RK)90 +30 t/ha of cattle manure, for feed grasses - N60( РК)90 + N60 after the 1st mowing, for feed legumes and grasses – N45(РК)90 + N45 after the 1st mowing. In crop rotations, wheat and barley straw and herbal green matter were used as fertilizer, and white mustard was used as green manure. Compared were 6 crop rotation variants, differing in the share of perennial feed crops. Barley – oats – black fallow – winter wheat – maize for silage – spring wheat is considered as the control crop rotation. Data for 3 rotations of the studied crop rotations were analyzed. The high efficiency of applying mineral fertilizers at a rate of (NРК)90 with simultaneously introduction of grasses and perennial herbs in the crop rotation was revealed. This ensured the humus reserve restoration, increasing the performance of spring wheat and crop rotation in general. The maximum spring wheat yield was 4.18 t/ha on average for three rotations. This is by 12.1% or 0.45 t/ha more than in the control crop rotation. The optimal fertilizer rate - (NPK)90 - and the best crop rotation were identified. It is recommended to cultivate in the first 3 fields barley with grass-legume-mix - legume herbs of the 1st year of use - legume herbs of the 2nd year of use. In the same crop rotation, wheat of highest quality was obtained. It had gluten content of 30.9%, which is 6.1 percentage points higher than in the control plot. It has been established that mineral fertilizer application helps to increase soil fertility, the yield of spring wheat and to improve grain baking qualities. | В длительном стационарном опыте изучали влияние севооборотов и систем удобрения на повышение плодородия почв и продуктивности яровой пшеницы. Участок заложен на темно-серой лесной тяжелосуглинистой почвы в центральной части Нечерноземной зоны России. Данные за 2015-2017 гг. сравнивали с исходными (за 1992 г.). Двухфакторный опыт включал: фактор А – система удобрения и фактор В – севообороты. Согласно схеме опыта, на половине площади делянок применяли удобрения: под зерновые и кукурузу – (NРК)90 в форме нитрофоски, в черном пару – N45(РК)90 +30 т/га подстилочного навоза КРС, под злаковые травы – N60(РК)90 + N60 после 1-го укоса, под бобово-злаковые травы – N45(РК)90 + N45 после 1-го укоса. В севооборотах солому пшеницы, ячменя, зеленую массу трав использовали на удобрение, пожнивную горчицу белую – на сидерат. Сравнивали 6 вариантов севооборотов, различающихся по насыщению многолетними бобово-злаковыми травами. Контрольным считали севооборот "ячмень – овес – черный пар – озимая пшеница – кукуруза на силос – яровая пшеница". Анализировали данные за 3 ротации изучаемых севооборотов. Выявлена высокая эффективность внесения минеральных удобрений в дозе (NРК)90 в сочетании с наличием в севообороте злаковых и многолетних трав. Это обеспечило воспроизводство гумуса, повышение продуктивности яровой пшеницы и севооборота в целом. Максимальная урожайность яровой пшеницы составила 4,18 т/га в среднем за три ротации. Это больше, чем в контрольном варианте, на 12,1% или 0,45 т/га. Выявлена оптимальная норма удобрения - (NРК)90 - и лучший севооборот, где в первых 3 полях выращивают ячмень с бобово-злаковой смесью трав – бобовые травы 1-го года пользования - бобовые травы 2-го года пользования. В этом же севообороте получено наиболее качественное зерно с содержанием клейковины 30,9%, что на 6,1 п.п. больше, чем в контроле. Установлено, что внесение минеральных удобрений способствует повышению плодородия почвы, урожайности яровой пшеницы и улучшению хлебопекарных качеств зерна.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Razina, A.А. | Zajtsev, A.M. | Solodun, V.I. | Dyatlova, O.G.

The prevalence of root rots and yields of spring wheat cultivated in field crop rotations against different fertilization backgrounds and tillage practices was estimated. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region in 2017-2020 according to the following scheme: forecrops were fallow in crop rotation (fallow – wheat – oats), pea-oats mixed crop and corn in crop rotation (pea-oat mixed crop – wheat – corn – wheat); tillage methods were plowing with PLN-5-35 plow to a depth of 20-22 cm, BDT-3 disking to a depth of 12-14 cm; fertilization variants were no fertilizer, complete mineral fertilizer N45P45K45. The prevalence of root rot decreased on average for 3 years in the crop rotation with 33% wheat saturation and fallow forecrop sowing in comparison with 50% saturation in pea-oats by 6.1%, in corn by 0.9%; disk header tillage compared to fallow forecrop plowing by 11.8%, in pea oats by 4.7%, in corn by 9.2%; on fertilized background in three-field crop rotation in fallow by 4%, in pea oats by 1.9%, in corn by 4.8%. Statistically reliable highest yield of spring wheat was observed in three-field crop rotation with 33% wheat saturation on fallow at soil plowing, which is higher than similar tillage in crop rotation with 50% wheat saturation at sowing on pea and oat mixed crop by 31.3%, on corn by 23.8%. Application of mineral fertilizers N45P45K45 increased the yield, while disking tillage and the forecrops such as pea and oat mixed crop and corn decreased the yield. Over the rotation, the root rot prevalence decreased from baseline with a concomitant increase in yield with 33% wheat saturation in the rotations by 9.0% and 35.0%, and with 50% wheat saturation - by 6.6% and 45.7%. | Оценивали распространенность корневых гнилей и урожайность яровой пшеницы, возделываемой в полевых севооборотах на разных фонах удобренности и приемах обработки почвы. Опыты проводили в лесостепной зоне Иркутской области в 2017-2020 гг. по следующей схеме: предшественники – пар в севообороте (пар – пшеница – овес), горохоовсяная смесь и кукуруза в севообороте (горохоовсяная смесь – пшеница – кукуруза – пшеница); приемы обработки почвы – вспашка плугом ПЛН-5-35 на глубину 20–22 см, дискование БДТ-3 на глубину 12–14 см; удобрение – без удобрений, полное минеральное удобрение N45P45K45. Распространенность корневой гнили в среднем за 3 года снижалась в севообороте с 33%-м насыщением пшеницей и посеве ее по паровому предшественнику по сравнению с 50%-м насыщением по горохо-овсу на 6,1%, по кукурузе на 0,9%; по дискаторной обработке почвы по сравнению со вспашкой в паровом предшественнике на 11,8%, по горохо-овсу на 4,7%, по кукурузе на 9,2%; по удобренному фону в трехпольном севообороте по пару на 4%, по горохо-овсу на 1,9%, по кукурузе на 4,8%. Статистически достоверная наибольшая урожайность яровой пшеницы отмечена в трехпольном севообороте с 33%-м насыщением пшеницей по пару при вспашке почвы, что выше по аналогичной обработке почвы в севообороте с 50%-м насыщением пшеницей при посеве по горохоовсяной смеси на 31,3%, по кукурузе на 23,8%. Внесение минеральных удобрений N45P45К45 повышало урожайность, а обработка почвы дискованием и предшественники горохоовсяная смесь и кукуруза снижали. За ротацию снизилась распространенность корневой гнили от исходного показателя с одновременным ростом урожайности – с 33%-м насыщением севооборотов пшеницей на 9,0 и 35,0%, с 50%-м – на 6,6 и 45,7%.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Baranova, O.A. | Sibikeev, S.N. | Kon'kova, Eh.A.

Due to the increase in the harmfulness of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. and E. Henn.) in the Volga region, and the likelihood of the spread of the aggressive Ug99 race, an assessment of the genetic diversity of wheat breeding lines and identification of effective Sr genes are of fundamental importance. Ninety spring bread wheat introgressive lines with stem rust resistance, developed at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region, were analyzed. Molecular markers were used to identify resistance genes: Sr24/Lr24, Sr25/Lr19, Sr26, Sr28, Sr31/Lr26, Sr32, Sr36, Sr38/Lr37, Sr39 and Sr57/Lr34. The analysis of plants for resistance was carried out according to standard methods; the Stakman scale was applied to determine the type of reaction. The genes Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34, Sr38/Lr37 and Sr39/Lr35 were identified in the analyzed breeding lines. Sr25 was found in 51 lines (56,7% of samples), Sr31 in 41 lines (45.6%), Sr57/Lr34 in 5 lines, Sr38 in 10 lines and Sr39 in one line. Combinations of resistance genes were identified: Sr31+Sr25 in 28 lines (31.1%), Sr25+Sr38 in 5 lines, and Sr25+Sr39 in one line. The Sr24/Lr24, Sr26, Sr28, Sr32 and Sr36 genes were not identified. As a result, promising highly resistant introgressive wheat lines with promising combinations of Sr31+Sr25, Sr25+Sr38 and Sr25+Sr39 genes were identified. They can be used in Russian breeding programs for immunity. | В связи с увеличением вредоносности на территории Поволжья стеблевой ржавчины пшеницы (возбудитель – Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. and E. Henn.) и вероятностью заноса агрессивной расы Ug99 принципиальное значение приобретает оценка генетического разнообразия селекционного материала пшеницы и идентификация эффективных Sr-генов. В работе анализировали 90 интрогрессивных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы селекции Федерального аграрного научного центра Юго-Востока, устойчивых к P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Для выявления генов устойчивости Sr24/Lr24, Sr25/Lr19, Sr26, Sr28, Sr31/Lr26, Sr32, Sr36, Sr38/Lr37, Sr39 и Sr57/Lr34 использовали молекулярные маркеры. Устойчивость растений анализировали по стандартным методикам, тип реакции определяли по шкале Стекмана. У селекционных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы идентифицированы гены Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34, Sr38/Lr37 и Sr39/Lr35. Ген Sr25 выявлен у 51 линии (56,7% изученных образцов), Sr31 – у 41 линии (45,6%), Sr57/Lr34 – у 5 линий, Sr38 – у 10 линий и Sr39 – у одной линии. Идентифицированы комбинации генов устойчивости: Sr31+Sr25 – у 28 линий (31,1%), Sr25+Sr38 – у 5 линий и Sr25+Sr39 – у одной линии. Гены Sr24/Lr24, Sr26, Sr28, Sr32 и Sr36 не выявлены. Выделены высокоустойчивые к P. graminis f. sp. tritici линии яровой мягкой пшеницы с перспективными комбинациями генов Sr31+Sr25, Sr25+Sr38 и Sr25+Sr39, которые могут быть использованы в российских селекционных программах.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Lebedeva, T.V. | Brykova, A.N. | Zuev, E.V.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's main food crops. In Russia, its gross harvest in recent years has reached 21.079 million tons. Blumeria graminis is one of the most harmful diseases of bread wheat. Annual harvest losses can reach 10–30%. In Leningrad Province, powdery mildew appears almost every year on cereals. Development of cultivars resistant to powdery mildew is the most important trend in spring bread wheat breeding. Its progress is determined by new sources of effective resistance genes and their incorporation into promising spring bread wheat cultivars. The purpose of this work was to retest the seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in spring bread wheat accessions selected over a period of more than twenty years and redefine the effectiveness of disease resistance sources at the present time. Since 2000, screening for powdery mildew resistance among 1283 spring bread wheat accessions has been carried out at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The identified 36 sources of adult and seedling powdery mildew resistance were reevaluated in 2022. Field and laboratory studies into the resistance to the pathogen were performed according to VIR's guidelines. In 2022, field and laboratory studies of spring bread wheat cultivars revealed accessions with resistance to the pathogen in all phases of plant development. Six sources remained resistant to powdery mildew for 13–22 years, another six showed resistance for 7–12 years, and 8 cultivars were immune for 6 years. Resistance of 9 accessions identified for this trait in 2020 was confirmed. Field and laboratory research into the resistance of spring bread wheat accessions to the pathogen identified sources retaining seedling and adult resistance to the Leningrad population of powdery mildew for 7 years or more. These accessions are recommended for use in wheat breeding programs. | Мягкая пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) – одна из основных продовольственных культур в мире. В Российской Федерации валовые сборы культуры в последние годы достигали 21,079 млн тонн. Одним из самых вредоносных заболеваний мягкой пшеницы является мучнистая роса. Сырой и прохладный климат северо-запада России провоцирует появление мучнистой росы на посевах зерновых практически ежегодно. Создание устойчивых к болезни сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы является наиболее экономичным и экологически безопасным направлением в селекции. Успех селекции определяют изучение источников устойчивости к болезни и интрогрессия новых генов в перспективные сорта пшеницы. Цель работы – проверить ювенильную и взрослую устойчивость к мучнистой росе образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы, выделенных за более чем двадцатилетний период, и определить эффективность источников устойчивости к патогену в настоящее время. С 2000 г. во Всероссийском институте генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) проводили поиск источников устойчивости к мучнистой росе среди 1283 образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы. Выявленные 36 источников взрослой и проростковой устойчивости к мучнистой росе были повторно оценены в 2022 г. Исследования проводили согласно методическим указаниям ВИР. В 2022 г. полевое и лабораторное изучение сортов пшеницы выявило образцы, устойчивые к патогену на всех фазах развития. Уставлено, что 6 образцов сохраняют устойчивость к мучнистой росе в течение 13–22 лет, 6 образцов устойчивы к болезни на протяжении 7–12 лет, 8 сортов устойчивы в течение 6 лет. Подтверждена устойчивость 9 образцов, выявленных в 2020 г. Полевые и лабораторные исследования выявили образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы, сохраняющие ювенильную и взрослую устойчивость к ленинградской популяции возбудителя мучнистой росы в течение 7 и более лет. Данные источники устойчивости рекомендуются для использования в селекционных программах по улучшению пшеницы.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Monteiro,Manoela Andrade | Koch,Felipe | Araújo,Bruno Oliveira Novais | Uliana,Adriel Somavilla | Rolim,Jessica Mengue | Altmann,Thomas | Martinazzo,Emanuela Garbin | Pedó,Tiago | Aumonde,Tiago Zanatta

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate whether there is any influence of temporary soil flooding on the agronomic performance and yield of wheat varieties. The experimental design was completely random blocks, in an 11x2 factorial scheme (eleven varieties and two soil water conditions), with four replications. Stress was imposed in the stage prior to plant anthesis. The assessments were made in two seasons (2016/2017) in relation to the number of spikelets in the main ear, number of seeds in the main ear, mass of seeds in the main ear, number of seeds in the tiller ear, mass of seeds in the tiller ear and yield in the useful area. The physical attributes number of seeds, seed mass and wheat seed yield, according to variety and agricultural year, are negatively affected by the temporary flooding (12 days) of the soil. There is influence of temporary soil flooding on the agronomic performance and yield of wheat varieties. The varieties TBio Toruk, TBio Sinuelo, TBio Sintonia, and CD151 are superior in soil flooding condition for the number of spikelets, number of seeds end for the seed mass attribute. In the soil at field capacity, the seeds produced have higher yield compared to those produced under flooding period, reaching about 309.2 Kg more for the variety TBio Sinuelo, 262 Kg for TBio Toruk and 114 Kg in CD1303.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Scientific Electronic Library Online Brazil - Brazil

2023

Kharina, A.V. | Volkova, L.V.

In 2021-2022, the general and specific combinational ability of 8 varieties and 28 hybrids of the second generation of spring soft wheat was studied in the conditions of the Kirov region according to the degree of Septoria leaf blotch damage, grain size and yield. The studies were carried out under natural conditions of development on the leaves of Parastagonospora nodorum as molecular-genetically the belonging of the causative agent of Septoria leaf blotch to this species had been established. As a result of the conducted studies, for further breeding work there were selected 14 resistant F2 hybrids having average values of the resistance index and a slow growth of infection. According to the complex of selective-immunological traits, the was identified the hybrid Rosinka 2 x Tertsiya, combining resistance to Septoria leaf blotch with a high weight of 1000 seeds (41.6 g) and yield (410.0 g/m2). The tolerant hybrid Stepnaya 50 x Daria was particularly noted, which with a high degree of damage (34.2%) formed a large grain (42.6 g) and the maximum yield for the experiment (411.1 g/m2). The conducted dispersion analysis of the findings has shown that the spring wheat variety Tertsiya (Russia) has a significantly high overall combinational ability for all the studied traits and can be their source in breeding programs. Moreover, the 'Epos' variety (Germany) is the most effective as a source of resistance to Septoria leaf blotch; 'Egisar 29', 'Niva 2', 'Stepnaya 50' and 'Rosinka 2' (Russia) are sources of grain size; 'Daria' (Belarus) is a source of high yield. As a result of the analysis of the dominance index in most of the studied hybrids, the additive effect of genes on the manifestation of resistance to Septoria leaf blotch and seeds size has been found. The heterosis effect was observed in the studied hybrid combinations: by disease resistance in 21.4%, by weight of 1000 seeds in 42.9%, and by productivity in 50.0%. | В 2021-2022 гг. в условиях Кировской области изучали общую и специфическую комбинационную способность 8 сортов и 28 гибридов второго поколения мягкой яровой пшеницы по степени поражения септориозом листьев, крупности зерна и урожайности. Исследования проводили в естественных условиях развития на листьях Parastagonospora nodorum, так как молекулярно-генетически установлена принадлежность возбудителя септориоза именно к этому виду. В результате проведённых исследований для дальнейшей селекционной работы выделены 14 устойчивых гибридов F2, характеризующихся средними значениями индекса устойчивости и медленным нарастанием инфекции. По комплексу селекционно-иммунологических признаков выделен гибрид Росинка 2 x Терция, сочетающий устойчивость к септориозу с высокой массой 1000 семян (41,6 г) и урожайностью (410,0 г/м2). Особо отмечен толерантный гибрид Степная 50 x Дарья, который при высокой степени поражения (34,2%) сформировал крупное зерно (42,6 г) и максимальную (411,1 г/м2) для опыта урожайность. Проведённый дисперсионный анализ полученных данных показал, что сорт яровой пшеницы Терция (Россия) обладает существенно более высокой общей комбинационной способностью по всем изученным признакам и может быть их источником в селекционных программах. Кроме того, сорт Epos (Германия) наиболее эффективен как источник устойчивости к септориозу; Эгисар 29, Нива 2, Степная 50 и Росинка 2 (Россия) – источники крупности зерна; Дарья (Беларусь) – источник высокой урожайности. В результате анализа показателя доминирования у большинства изучаемых гибридов обнаружено аддитивное действие генов на проявление устойчивости к поражению септориозом листьев и крупности семян. Эффект гетерозиса по устойчивости к болезни отмечен у 21,4%, по массе 1000 семян – у 42,9%; продуктивности – у 50,0% изученных гибридных комбинаций.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Lenoir, Arthur | Slafer, Gustavo A | Siah, Ali | Dumont, Benjamin | TERRA Research Centre. Plant Sciences - ULiège

peer reviewed | Nitrogen fertilization is one of the major issues of crop productions in west-Europe. Every year, large quantities of synthetic nitrogen are used to fertilize crops, such as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), and ensure them high yielding conditions. In return, substantial amount of nitrogen ends up in the environment where it generates pollutions. The combination of strategic and tactical approaches has been suggested to improve the accuracy of nitrogen fertilization decisions and their implementation. Combining strategic and tactical approaches requires a detailed understanding of the dynamic of nitrogen use by the plant to both anticipate and adapt fertilization practices. Inspired by the concept of yield component phenotypic plasticity, this study aimed to analyze the influence of nitrogen fertilization dynamics on yield elaboration and infer strategic decision rules dedicated to wheat yield optimization in a Belgian context. The analysis, implemented from ten-year experiment, was conducted in two different steps. (1) We characterized the effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components when the crop was submitted to different agro-pedo-climatic contexts, (2) we analyzed the specific influence of nitrogen fertilization dynamic on yield elaboration, normalizing the variables of the experiment to exclude genetic and environmental influences. The study revealed that highest nitrogen fertilization did not automatically lead to the highest yields. High nitrogen fertilization contributed to increase the negative trade-offs between yield components, which limited the efficiency of nitrogen supplies. Conversely, a balanced dynamic of nitrogen supplies was essential to reach high yields while supplying effective amount of nitrogen. From this Belgian dataset, optimal nitrogen fertilization strategies supposed early nitrogen supplies split in two applications to support the initiation phases of grains per m² and another nitrogen supply at flag leaf stage to maintain components of grain per m² while still allowing grain filling. This fertilization structures, adapted to different pedoclimatic contexts would support strategic approach in crop nitrogen nutrition.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

University of Liège - Belgium

2023

Jocković, Bojan | Ilin, Sonja | Mirosavljević, Milan | Aćin, Vladimir | Živančev, Dragan | Dražić, Tanja | Matković, Stojšin Mirela

During the creation of new wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), in addition to high yield potential and good technological quality, it is necessary to incorporate genes responsible for resistance to lodging, low temperatures and adaptability to different production conditions. NS Lenija, a new winter wheat cultivar developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (National Institute of the Republic of Serbia) was created by crossing the three divergent parents: cultivar Kupava (Russia) and the cultivars Donna (Serbia) and Aria (Serbia). By crossing these parents, genes responsible for high yield potential, good technological quality, adaptability and stability were successfully combined, enabling this cultivar to be successfully cultivated in the agroecological conditions of Southeast Europe. During the two-year trials of the Commission for the registration of varieties, NS Lenija successfully passed the DUS test (distinctness, uniformity and stability), and on the 7 tested locations achieved a significantly higher average grain yield compared to the grain yield of the check cultivars. When evaluating its chemical and technological properties, it was classified in quality class II, farinograph quality group A-2, and in the technological group of improvers.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Matica Srpska Library - Serbia

2023

Yan, Xiaocui | Zheng, Huimin | Zhang, Peipei et al.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici Eriks (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat worldwide. Breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical, effective and environmentally friendly way for controlling wheat stripe rust in China. The Romanian wheat line Fundulea 900 showed good resistance to wheat stripe rust at the adult stage. The present study aimed to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for stripe rust resistance in 176 F2:6 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross of Fundulea 900 × Thatcher. The RIL population was phenotyped for stripe rust (YR) severity at Mianyang in the Sichuan province and Baoding in the Hebei province in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons. SSR markers combined with a preferred screened group (PSG) analysis were used to identify the QTLs for stripe rust in the population. Three QTLs for stripe rust resistance were mapped on chromosomes 1AL, 7BL and 7DS, respectively. All three QTLs originated from Fundulea 900 and were detected in all the environments. The QTL on 7DS was provided by the known resistance gene Yr18/Lr34. The two QTLs on chromosomes 1AL and 7BL were explained by 9.2 to 21.5% and 5.1 to 10.1% of the phenotypic variance, respectively and might be new QTLs. The QTLs identified in the study and their closely linked markers can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programmes.

Show more [+]

Less [-]

Library of Antonin Svehla - Czechia