AGRIS - 

2023

Senad Murtić | Milena Đurić | Jasmin Fazlić | Fikreta Behmen | Sanel Haseljić | Amina Šerbo | Haris Berbić

This paper presents the results of a two-year trial on the yield, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity of the 'Willamette' red raspberry under organic and conventional farming. A trial was conducted in a commercial plantation of 'Willamette' raspberries located in the southwestern part of Serbia. The total phenolics and flavonoids in the raspberry fruits were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride assay, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power assay was used to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of the raspberry fruits. The results of this study showed that the raspberry yields were significantly affected by the different farming systems. The raspberry yield in conventional farming was higher than that of organic farming. Contrastingly, the raspberries from the organic farming contained higher levels of the total phenolics and flavonoids and also had a higher total antioxidant activity compared to those from the conventional farming in both 2021 and 2022. This study also showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the 'Willamette' red raspberry have a significant and positive correlation with their total antioxidant capacity, indicating that the phenolic compounds play an important role in the antioxidant activity of the raspberry.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2023

Bon, Lucie | Augusto, Laurent | Gaudry, Jonathan | Bakker, Mark | Lambrot, Catherine | Milin, Sylvie | Trichet, Pierre | Fanin, Nicolas | Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère

Forests provide essential ecosystem services such as wood production and soil carbon storage, which can be influenced by forest management. Fertilisation and understory removal are common practices set up in managed forests to reduce tree mortality and relieve trees from their main limitations, but their effects on belowground functioning and soil carbon storage are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of phosphorus fertilisation, understory removal and their interaction on the carbon stored in the ecosystem and soil enzyme activities in two contrasting moorlands in south-western France (dry and wet moorlands) planted with maritime pines (Pinus pinaster Ait.). In the wet moorland, we found that fertilisation and understory removal had a positive effect on tree biomass, but they did not affect soil carbon stocks nor carbon-related enzyme activities. In the dry moorland, understory removal had a significant positive effect on tree biomass and a strong negative effect on topsoil organic carbon stocks and carbon-related enzyme activities. Overall, understory removal did not affect total carbon stocks at the ecosystem scale due to compensatory effects between carbon pools, i.e. the increase in carbon stored in the aboveground biomass was cancelled by a decrease in carbon stored in the soil. These results highlight the importance of adapting forest practices depending on the environmental context and carbon sequestration objectives.

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Institut national de la recherche agronomique - France

2023

Chambi-Legoas, Roger | Tomazello-Filho, Mario | Laclau, Jean-Paul | Chaix, Gilles

Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are located in regions currently experiencing periods of water shortage, where fertilizers such as potassium (K) are intensively used to achieve high productivity. In a changing environment, improving our understanding of the effects of K nutrition on tree growth rates and xylem plasticity across tree ages as a function of climate is crucial for forest management. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the interactive effects of K fertilization, water availability, and tree age on stem growth and changes in xylem traits of E. grandis trees over a full rotation. Changes in growth and xylem traits in response to a severe drought that occurred in 2014 were also studied. An experimental plantation of E. grandis trees was established in São Paulo, Brazil and monitored over a full 6-year rotation period. The experiment consisted of a split-plot design with two water supply regimes (37 % throughfall reduction vs undisturbed throughfall) and two fertilization regimes (K supply vs control). Basal area increment (BAI) was monitored using band dendrometers at 14-day intervals from 1 to 6 years after planting. Xylem traits including wood density (WD), cell wall fraction (CWF), cell density (CDen), theoretical xylem specific hydraulic conductivity (Kst), vessel diameter (VD), vessel density (VDen), vessel area (VA), and the vulnerability index (VI) were measured in 6-month periods (rainy and dry seasons) throughout the rotation. K fertilization increased BAI by a factor of 3 in plots where throughfall was not disturbed but led to an interruption of tree growth during the severe drought in 2014. The growth patterns showed a positive effect of K for growth recovery following drought. Throughfall reduction affected growth only in K-fertilized trees and up to 30 months of age. K fertilization also increased changes in xylem traits in response to drought in E. grandis trees. The main changes occurred in vessel traits, with a 53 % decrease in Kst during the drought but recovery was rapid after the first rainfall events. High plasticity was also observed for WD, CWF, CDen, and VI.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2023

Tababa. J.

University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines

2023

Bortnik, T.Yu. | Karpova, A.Yu. | Klekovkin, K.S.

The results of studies in a long-term field experiment established on a soddy-medium-podzolic medium-loamy soil of the Udmurt Republic, typical for the conditions of the Vyatka-Kama agricultural province in 1979 are presented. The soil before the experiment establishment was slightly humus, had a slightly acidic reaction and an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium. The experiment studied the aftereffects of the mineral, organic and organomineral fertilization systems on the change in the agrochemical and biological indicators of the soil and the productivity of the crop rotation link "barley + clover - clover of the 1st year of use - clover of the 2nd year of use". The crops were cultivated without the use of fertilizers according to the aftereffect (2019-2021). During 1979-2018 average annual doses of mineral fertilizers amounted to N63Р64К64. Under the influence of long use of fertilization systems, a change in the content of humus and mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium was revealed. The most significant influence was exerted by the mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems against the background of systematic liming. They contributed to an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus to an increased and high level of supply. A significant accumulation of mobile potassium in the soil has not been established; without the use of fertilizers during 2019-2021 a decrease in its content relative to the initial state was revealed. The use of mineral fertilizers without liming resulted in the acidification of the soil to a medium acid level. Against the background of systematic liming, a weak acid reaction is maintained in the soil. The organomineral and mineral fertilization systems resulted in an increase in the number of soil microorganisms and cellulolytic activity. An increase in the content of heavy metals and exceed in the MPC for these indicators under prolonged use of fertilizers have not been established. Mineral and organomineral fertilization systems against the background of liming in the aftereffect contributed to a significant increase in the productivity of the crop rotation link by 34.3-43.8% on average per year. | Представлены результаты исследований в длительном полевом опыте, заложенном на типичной для Вятско-Камской земледельческой провинции дерново-среднеподзолистой среднесуглинистой почве Удмуртской Республики в 1979 г. Почва перед закладкой опыта была слабогумусированной, имела слабокислую реакцию и среднюю обеспеченность подвижными формами фосфора и калия. В опыте изучали последействия минеральной, органической и органоминеральной систем удобрения на изменение агрохимических и биологических показателей почвы, а также продуктивность звена севооборота "ячмень + клевер - клевер I года пользования - клевер II года пользования". Культуры возделывали без применения удобрений по последействию (2019-2021 гг.). В течение 1979-2018 гг. средние ежегодные дозы минеральных удобрений составили N63Р64К64. Под влиянием длительного использования систем удобрения выявлено изменение содержания гумуса и подвижных форм фосфора и калия. Наиболее существенное влияние оказали минеральная и органоминеральная системы удобрения на фоне систематического известкования. Они способствовали повышению содержания подвижного фосфора до повышенного и высокого уровня обеспеченности. Не установлено существенное накопление подвижного калия в почве; без применения удобрений в течение 2019-2021 гг. выявлено снижение его содержания относительно исходного состояния. При использовании минеральных удобрений без известкования произошло подкисление почвы до среднекислого уровня. На фоне систематического известкования в почве поддерживается слабокислая реакция. Органоминеральная и минеральная системы удобрения привели к увеличению количества почвенных микроорганизмов и целлюлозолитической активности. Не установлено повышение содержания тяжелых металлов при длительном использовании удобрений и превышений ПДК по этим показателям. Минеральная и органоминеральная системы удобрения на фоне известкования в последействии способствовали достоверному повышению продуктивности звена севооборота на 34,3-43,8% в среднем в год.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Gladysheva, O.V. | Svirina, V.A. | Chernogaev, V.G.

The influence of crop rotations and fertilization systems on increasing soil fertility and spring wheat performance has been studied in a long-term stationary two-factor experiment. The plot is located on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil in the central part of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. Data for 2015-2017 were compared with ones at the experiment beginning (1992). The experiment included: factor A – fertilization system; factor B – crop rotation. According to the experimental design, following fertilizers were used on half the area of the plots: for cereal crops and corn - nitrophoska (NPK)90, in black fallow - N45(RK)90 +30 t/ha of cattle manure, for feed grasses - N60( РК)90 + N60 after the 1st mowing, for feed legumes and grasses – N45(РК)90 + N45 after the 1st mowing. In crop rotations, wheat and barley straw and herbal green matter were used as fertilizer, and white mustard was used as green manure. Compared were 6 crop rotation variants, differing in the share of perennial feed crops. Barley – oats – black fallow – winter wheat – maize for silage – spring wheat is considered as the control crop rotation. Data for 3 rotations of the studied crop rotations were analyzed. The high efficiency of applying mineral fertilizers at a rate of (NРК)90 with simultaneously introduction of grasses and perennial herbs in the crop rotation was revealed. This ensured the humus reserve restoration, increasing the performance of spring wheat and crop rotation in general. The maximum spring wheat yield was 4.18 t/ha on average for three rotations. This is by 12.1% or 0.45 t/ha more than in the control crop rotation. The optimal fertilizer rate - (NPK)90 - and the best crop rotation were identified. It is recommended to cultivate in the first 3 fields barley with grass-legume-mix - legume herbs of the 1st year of use - legume herbs of the 2nd year of use. In the same crop rotation, wheat of highest quality was obtained. It had gluten content of 30.9%, which is 6.1 percentage points higher than in the control plot. It has been established that mineral fertilizer application helps to increase soil fertility, the yield of spring wheat and to improve grain baking qualities. | В длительном стационарном опыте изучали влияние севооборотов и систем удобрения на повышение плодородия почв и продуктивности яровой пшеницы. Участок заложен на темно-серой лесной тяжелосуглинистой почвы в центральной части Нечерноземной зоны России. Данные за 2015-2017 гг. сравнивали с исходными (за 1992 г.). Двухфакторный опыт включал: фактор А – система удобрения и фактор В – севообороты. Согласно схеме опыта, на половине площади делянок применяли удобрения: под зерновые и кукурузу – (NРК)90 в форме нитрофоски, в черном пару – N45(РК)90 +30 т/га подстилочного навоза КРС, под злаковые травы – N60(РК)90 + N60 после 1-го укоса, под бобово-злаковые травы – N45(РК)90 + N45 после 1-го укоса. В севооборотах солому пшеницы, ячменя, зеленую массу трав использовали на удобрение, пожнивную горчицу белую – на сидерат. Сравнивали 6 вариантов севооборотов, различающихся по насыщению многолетними бобово-злаковыми травами. Контрольным считали севооборот "ячмень – овес – черный пар – озимая пшеница – кукуруза на силос – яровая пшеница". Анализировали данные за 3 ротации изучаемых севооборотов. Выявлена высокая эффективность внесения минеральных удобрений в дозе (NРК)90 в сочетании с наличием в севообороте злаковых и многолетних трав. Это обеспечило воспроизводство гумуса, повышение продуктивности яровой пшеницы и севооборота в целом. Максимальная урожайность яровой пшеницы составила 4,18 т/га в среднем за три ротации. Это больше, чем в контрольном варианте, на 12,1% или 0,45 т/га. Выявлена оптимальная норма удобрения - (NРК)90 - и лучший севооборот, где в первых 3 полях выращивают ячмень с бобово-злаковой смесью трав – бобовые травы 1-го года пользования - бобовые травы 2-го года пользования. В этом же севообороте получено наиболее качественное зерно с содержанием клейковины 30,9%, что на 6,1 п.п. больше, чем в контроле. Установлено, что внесение минеральных удобрений способствует повышению плодородия почвы, урожайности яровой пшеницы и улучшению хлебопекарных качеств зерна.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Novikova, S.S. | Zharkova, S.V. | Usenko, V.I.

Under modern conditions of agricultural production, common oats occupies one of the leading places in the group of grain forage crops. Oats are cultivated in countries located in the temperate climate zone. The largest areas under common oats, 2.7 million ha, are in the Russian Federation. The areas under common oats in the Altai Region for years from 2018 through 2022 ranged within 260.5-395.9 thousand ha. The gross harvest of oats, according to Russian Federal State Statistics Service, was at the level of 500 thousand tons. The increase of the oat production is largely facilitated by high-yielding varieties adapted to the production conditions and agricultural technology elements. The research goal was to determine the influence of the agricultural technology elements on the formation of common oats yield formula indices under the conditions of the Altai Region. The work on experiment establishment, conducting related research and processing the research findings was carried out at Altai State Agricultural University from 2020 through 2022. Field studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies. The research target was the oat variety 'Korifey' developed in the Altai Region. Twelve variants were established in the experiment. The response differences of oat plants to the applied agricultural technology elements in the formation of yield formula elements were revealed. Larger numbers of productive stems were formed by plants on the variants with shallow tillage. Plant height differed insignificantly in the variants of the experiment. The formation of grains in the inflorescence proceeded better on the variants with deep plowing and fertilizer application. Fertilizer application and plant protection products affected the thousand-kernel weight in all variants regardless of tillage depth. | В современных условиях с.-х. производства овёс посевной занимает одно их лидирующих мест в группе зернофуражных культур. Возделывается овёс в странах, расположенных в умеренной климатической зоне. Наибольшие посевные площади овса (2,7 млн га) приходятся на Российскую Федерацию. Посевные площади овса в Алтайском крае за 2018-2022 гг. колебались в пределах 260,5-395,9 тыс. га. Валовой сбор зерна овса посевного, по данным Росстата, находился на уровне 500 тыс. т. Увеличению производства зерна овса во многом способствуют высокоурожайные, адаптированные к условиям производства сорта и элементы агротехнологии. Цель исследований – определить влияние элементов используемой агротехнологии на формирование показателей структуры урожая овса посевного в условиях Алтайского края. Работа по закладке опыта, проведения сопутствующих исследований и обработке результатов была выполнена в ФГБОУ ВО Алтайский ГАУ в 2020-2022 гг. Полевые исследования проведены на опытном поле ФГБНУ ФАНЦА. Объект исследования – сорт алтайской селекции Корифей. В опыте было заложено 12 вариантов. Исследования провели по рекомендациям методических указаний. Выявлены различия в отзывчивости растений овса посевного на применяемые элементы агротехнологии при формировании элементов структуры урожая. Большее количество продуктивных стеблей образовали растения на вариантах с мелкой обработкой почвы. Высота растений по вариантам опыта различалась незначительно. Образование зёрен в соцветии лучше шло на вариантах с глубокой вспашкой и применением удобрений. Применение удобрений и средств защиты растений повлияло на массу 1000 зерен на всех вариантах независимо от глубины обработки почвы.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Ognev, V.V.

Low irrigation water quality including high mineralization level, high pH level, and dangerous substances content on the lower Don covers all zones of commercial cultivation of vegetable crops in protected ground. The drip irrigation adoption has changed the structure of water consumption and reduced the amount of water consumed. The drip irrigation with high-mineralized water complicates fertigation. The main research purpose was to establish the optimal layout of drip lines when growing tomatoes in spring greenhouses and the features of fertilizer use in drip irrigation. The research was carried out in 2019–2022 at the Rostovsky Breeding and Seed Center of the Poisk Agricultural Company, located in the Rostov Region. The climate of the zone is hot, arid with a long frost-free period. Weather conditions during the study years were characterized by sudden changes in temperature in the spring and high temperatures with a lack of precipitation and low relative humidity in the summer. The soils in the experiments are represented by ordinary chernozem. The irrigation water sources were Grushevka River, belonging to the basin of the lower reaches of the Don River, and underground water. The fertilizer system included the main application for milling at a dose of N120P120K120 from autumn and the application of fertilizing during the growing season at a dose of N60P60K60 + micro fertilizers through the fertigation system and on the leaves. The research objects were tomato F1 hybrids Donskoy and Armada. The experiments were laid in spring unheated greenhouses with a polycarbonate translucent coating. As a result of the research, it was found that the most optimal is the placement of 2 drip lines with a distance of 10 cm from the center of the row on both sides. At the same time, a higher yield level was obtained due to an increase in the number of marketable fruits and their average weight. It was 17.6 kg/m2 for Donskoy and 27.3 kg/m2 for Armada on average over 4 years. The positive fertigation effect on the growth and fruit filling has been confirmed by the use of only fertilizing irrigation with weakly concentrated fertilizers while maintaining total rate of them and using foliar dressings. | Низкое качество поливной воды на нижнем Дону (высокая степень минерализации, высокий уровень pH, содержания опасных веществ) характерно для всех зон товарного выращивания овощных культур в защищенном грунте. Переход на капельные системы орошения изменил структуру водопотребления и снизил объемы использования воды. При капельном орошении минерализованной водой осложняется фертигация. Выявляли оптимальную схему размещения капельных линий при выращивании томата в весенних теплицах и особенности применения удобрений при капельном орошении. Исследования проведены в 2019–2022 гг. в селекционно-семеноводческом центре "Ростовский" Агрофирмы "Поиск", расположенном в Ростовской области. Климат зоны жаркий, засушливый, с продолжительным безморозным периодом. В годы исследований имели место резкие перепады температуры весной и высокие температуры при недостатке осадков и низкой относительной влажности воздуха летом. Почвы в опытах – чернозем обыкновенный. Орошение – из р. Грушевка, относящейся к бассейну нижнего течения реки Дон, и из подземных источников. Система удобрений включала основное внесение под фрезерование в дозе N120P120K120 с осени и применение подкормок в период вегетации в дозе N60P60K60+микроудобрения через систему фертигации и по листу. Объекты исследований - гибриды томата F1 Донской и F1 Армада. Опыты закладывали в весенних необогреваемых теплицах с поликарбонатным светопрозрачным покрытием. Установлено, что оптимально размещение двух капельных линий с расстоянием 10 см от центра ряда с обеих его сторон. При этом достигнут более высокий уровень урожайности (17,6 кг/м2 у гибрида Донской и 27,3 кг/м2 у гибрида Армада в среднем за 4 года) за счет увеличения количества товарных плодов и их средней массы. При применении фертигации подтверждено положительное влияние на рост и налив плодов применения только удобрительных поливов слабоконцентрированными удобрениями при сохранении их общей дозы и использовании листовых подкормок.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2023

Iddris, Najeeb Al-Amin | Formaglio, Greta | Paul, Carola | von Grob, Volker | Chen, Guantao | Angulo-Rubiano, Andres | Berkelmann, Dirk | Brambach, Fabian | Darras, Kevin F. A. | Krashevska, Valentyna | Potapov, Anton | Wenzel, Arne | Irawan, Bambang | Damris, Muhammad | Daniel, Rolf | Grass, Ingo | Kreft, Holger | Scheu, Stefan | Tscharntke, Teja | Tjoa, Aiyen | Veldkamp, Edzo | Corre, Marife D.

Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity is associated with conventional management (that is, high fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 22 factorial experiment, we assessed the effects of conventional vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) fertilization rates and herbicide vs mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity and profitability. Analysing across multiple ecosystem functions, mechanical weeding exhibited higher multifunctionality than herbicide treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity was also enhanced, driven by 33% more plant species under mechanical weeding. Compared with conventional management, reduced fertilization and mechanical weeding increased profit by 12% and relative gross margin by 11% due to reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical weeding with reduced, compensatory fertilization in mature oil palm plantations is a tenable management option for enhancing ecosystem multifunctionality and biodiversity and increasing profit, providing win–win situations.

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Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - France

2023

Victoria, K.S. | Aggangan, N.S.

A comparative study was done to determine the growth, microbial population, and physico-chemical properties on UF18 cacao (Theobroma cacao) seedlings when treated with chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers, either applied singly or in combination. The experimental design was randomized completely block design with five seedlings per treatment per block. Treatments used were: control, 1/2 recommended rate of chemical (RRC) fertilizer, RRC, MYKORICH sup R,MYKOCAP sup R,1/2 RRC + MYKORICH sup R, 1/2 RRC + MYKOCAP sup R, RRC + MYKORICH sup R, and RRC + MYKOCAP sup R. MYKORICH sup R and MYKOCAP sup R contain 12 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from stressed environments. The results showed that plant growth and physico-chemical properties were significantly improved by the application of biofertilizer than by chemical fertilizer. MYKORICH sup R treatment gave the highest spore count and is highly significant (p 0.05) as compared to the other treatments with spore count ranging from 41115.5/ 50 g soil. In terms of nitrogen-fixing bacteria count, 1/2 RRC treatment gave the highest (16.9 CFU x 105 g/soil) bacterial count. RRC + MYKORICH sup R inoculation gave the highest values for most of the soil physico-chemical analysis (pH, P, K, and CEC). The positive response of cacao seedlings to mycorrhizal inoculation with or without chemical fertilizer provides a useful criterion in other agricultural lands throughout the country for crop production and sustainability.

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University of the Philippines at Los Baños - Philippines