AGRIS - 

2022

Bojko, T.V. | Mashnin, D.V. | Ogurnoj, I.V. | Yakob, D.A.

The Omsk State Agrarian University is developing and studying herbal medicines for the treatment and prevention of postpartum diseases in cows. One of the important issues in the study of new drugs is the assessment of their effect on the function of individual organs and systems. There are presented the results of an experimental study to determine the nature of the effect of parenteral forms of phytopreparations "Urticostim" and "Urticostim-K" on the clinical and biochemical status of laboratory animals and cows. Laboratory samples of phytopreparations were administered subcutaneously to Wistar laboratory rats (n = 30) thrice with an interval of 24 hours at a dose of 0.02 ml per head. Cows (n = 27) received the phytopreparations ad ministered intravenously at a dose of 30 ml per head according to the same scheme. Blood sampling for biochemical studies was carried out 2 weeks after the last injection. At the same time, cows underwent rectal examinations to determine the number of individuals with uterine and ovary diseases. The analysis of the results of rectal examination showed that intravenous administration of herbal preparations "Urticostim" and "Urticostim-K" prevents the development of uterine atony (in 99% and 100% of cases, respectively) and significantly reduces the risk of developing acute postpartum endometritis in cows. The nature of the recorded biochemical changes in the indicators of the functional state of the liver indicates the multidirectional effect of the tested herbal preparations on the body of laboratory and productive animals. Hypoproteinemia and an increase in alanine aminotransferase registered in rats against the background of 3 subcutaneous injections of the phytopreparation "Urticostim-K" may be due to the development of transient hepatopathy. The biochemical status of cows does not reflect the negative impact of herbal remedies on the functional state of organs and systems. The results are of great practical importance for veterinary pharmacology, as they open up a new direction for the use of parenteral forms of herbal medicines in productive animal husbandry for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. | На базе Омского ГАУ ведется разработка и изучение фитопрепаратов для лечения и профилактики болезней послеродового периода у коров. Одним из важных вопросов исследования новых лекарственных средств является оценка их влияния на функцию отдельных органов и систем. Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования по определению характера влияния парентеральных форм фитопрепаратов "Уртикостим" и "Уртикостим-К" на клинический и биохимический статус лабораторных животных и коров. Образцы фитопрепаратов лабораторным крысам породы Вистар (n = 30) вводили подкожно трехкратно с интервалом 24 ч в дозе 0,02 мл на голову (ТД для коров). Коровам (n = 27) – внутривенно в дозе 30 мл на голову по той же схеме. Взятие крови для биохимического исследования осуществляли через 2 недели после последней инъекции. В этот же срок проводили ректальные исследования коров, определяя число с заболеваниями матки и яичников. По анализу результатов ректального исследования: внутривенное введение фитопрепаратов "Уртикостим" и "Уртикостим-К" профилактирует развитие атонии матки (в 99% и 100% случаях соответственно) и значительно снижает риск развития острых послеродовых эндометритов коров. Характер регистрируемых биохимических изменений показателей функционального состояния печени свидетельствует о разнонаправленном влиянии фитопрепаратов на организм лабораторных и продуктивных животных. Регистрируемые у крыс гипопротеинемия и повышение аланинаминотрансферазы на фоне подкожного трехкратного введения фитопрепарата "Уртикостим-К" могут быть обусловлены развитием транзиторной гепатопатии. Биохимический статус коров не отражает негативное влияние фитопрепаратов на функциональное состояние органов и систем. Результаты имеют важное практическое значение для ветеринарной фармакологии, так как открывают новое направление применения парентеральных форм фитопрепаратов в продуктивном животноводстве с лечебной и профилактической целью.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Brichko, N.A. | Pavlova, N.S. | Pavlenko, G.I. | Dorozhkin, V.I. | Drozdov, D.A.

One of the ways to solve the problem of obtaining safe livestock products in conditions of environmental pollution with heavy metals (HM) is the use of agents that help reduce the accumulation of toxicants. Especially promising is the use of amino acids as agents capable to reduce HM intoxication, since they reduce the toxic and metabolic load on internal organs, which is especially important when their function is impaired. As such an agent, a granular feed additive (FA) L-threonine obtained by microbiological synthesis was tested. In the experiment, mongrel white male rats weighing 200±10 g were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the rats of the 1st group received a combination of cadmium nitrate and lead acetate with food in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg (in terms of metal 10 MPC for feed); the 2nd group received food polluted with toxicants in the same doses and granulated L-threonine in a therapeutic dose (3.0 g per 1 kg of feed); the 3rd group served as a control, the animals received a regular feed. The use of FA at a norm of 3 g per 1 kg of feed in case of poisoning white rats with cadmium and lead at doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg of feed, led to a decrease of the accumulation of HM in liver, kidneys, bone fabric to 36.8%. The obtained data have shown that in relation to cadmium, L-threonine cannot be considered a reliable protector, since it did not significantly reduce the level of this element either in the liver or in the kidneys. At the same time, FA worked quite effectively to reduce the lead content in the organs. In this regard, this FA is promising only for use as a part of complex therapy and for the prevention of poisoning. | Один из путей решения проблемы получения безопасной продукции животноводства в условиях загрязнения окружающей среды тяжелыми металлами (ТМ) – применение средств, способствующих снижению накопления токсикантов. Особенно перспективно использование аминокислот в качестве средств, способных снижать интоксикацию ТМ, поскольку они уменьшают токсическую и метаболическую нагрузку на внутренние органы, что особенно важно при нарушении их функции. В качестве такого средства была испытана кормовая добавка (КД) L-треонин гранулированный, получаемая микробиологическим синтезом. В эксперименте использовали беспородных белых крыс-самцов массой 200±10 г. Животные были разделены на 3 группы: крысы 1-й группы получали с кормом комбинацию нитрата кадмия и ацетата свинца в дозах 5 и 50 мг/кг (в пересчете на металл 10 ПДК для кормов); 2-й группы получали корм с токсикантами в тех же дозах и L-треонин гранулированный в терапевтической дозе (3,0 г на 1 кг корма); 3-я группа служила контролем, животные получали обычный корм. Применение КД в дозе 3,0 г на 1 кг корма при отравлении белых крыс кадмием и свинцом в дозах 5 и 50 мг/кг корма привело к снижению накопления ТМ в печени, почках, костной ткани до 36,8%. Полученные данные показали, что по отношению к кадмию L-треонин нельзя считать надёжным протектором, поскольку ни в печени, ни в почках он не снижал достоверно уровень этого элемента. В то же время КД достаточно эффективно работала по снижению в органах содержания свинца. В связи с этим, данная КД перспективна лишь для использования в составе комплексной терапии и для профилактики отравлений.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Stekol'nikov, A.A. | Pets, P.A. | Gladysheva, A.E.

The article presents a description of the new-developed surgery access for extensive liver surgery in comparison with the existing access method. The study was performed involving 20 Vistar rats. The aim of the study is to develop optimal access for large-scale liver surgery in animals. The rats were divided into two groups: in the first one the Mercedes-type surgery access was performed, to the other group the new-developed operative access was applied. Then both accesses were compared according to the criteria for quantitative assessment of surgical accesses developed by A.Yu. Sozon-Yaroshevich. During the comparison, we obtained the following results: the angle of surgical action with our access at all points is than 100 degrees, due to this, the depth of the surgical wound is less than with a Mercedes-type surgery access, respectively, the accessibility zone for the surgeon's manipulation is greater. We did not take into account the angle of inclination of the axis of the operational action, since it was similar with both accesses and equal to approximately 90 degrees. We have made conclusions: due to the angle of surgical action of more than 100 degrees, we have the shortest path to the objects of surgical interventions and a large area for various manipulations with both vessels and the common bile duct during extensive liver surgery, and nearby organs can be freely moved. At the same time, the surgical wounds healed by primary intention healing without any complications. | Проведено описательное сравнение ранее известного способа оперативного доступа при обширных операциях на печени и вновь разработанного. Исследование было выполнено на 20 крысах линии Vistar с целью разработать оптимальный доступ для проведения масштабных операций на печени у животных. Крыс поделили на две группы: в первой группе выполняли оперативный доступ типа "мерседес", в другой группе – вновь разработанный оперативный доступ. Затем сравнивали оба доступа по критериям количественной оценки хирургическим доступов, разработанным А.Ю. Созон-Ярошевичем. В ходе сравнения были получены следующие результаты: угол операционного действия при нашем доступе во всех точках превышал 100 градусов, за счёт этого глубина операционной раны меньше, чем при оперативном доступе типа "мерседес", соответственно, зона доступности для манипуляций хирурга больше. Угол наклонения оси операционного действия не учитывали, так как при обоих доступах он был схож и равен приблизительно 90 градусов. Были сделаны следующие выводы: благодаря углу операционного действия более 100 градусов мы имеем кратчайший путь к объектам оперативных вмешательств и большую площадь для различных манипуляций как с сосудами, так и с общим желчным протоком во время обширной операции на печени, а рядом расположенные органы можно свободно отодвинуть. При этом заживление операционной раны происходит без осложнений по первичному натяжению.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Bedir, Fevzi | Kocaturk, Huseyin | Ozgeris, Fatma Betul | Yazici, Gulce Naz | Suleyman, Zeynep | Suleyman, Halis

The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effect of taxifolin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone), a strong antioxidant, against testicular I/R injury in rats biochemically and histopathologically.50mg/kg taxifolin was administered to taxifolin+testicular torsion–detorsion (TTTD, n-10) group of Albino Wistar male rats by oral gavage. Distilled water .5ml as a solvent was administered to testicular torsion–detorsion (TTD, n-10) and Healthy Control (SG, n-10) groups using the same method. An hour after the administration of taxifolin and distilled water, anaesthesia (ketamine 60mg/kg) was administered to all animal groups. TTD and TTTD group animals were subjected to testicular torsion at 720 degrees for four hours during anaesthesia. At the end of this period, testicular detorsion was applied and perfusion was allowed for four hours. Sham operation was applied to SG group.Our biochemical experiment results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue of TTD group presented a significant increase compared to SG and TTTD groups whereas total glutathione (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels decreased. In addition, while TTD group presented severe histopathological damage in germinal epithelium cell and seminiferous tubule, mild damage was observed in TTTD group.The results of our experiment indicate that taxifolin could be useful in the treatment of testicular I/R damage.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2022

Niimi, Jun | Collier, Elizabeth S. | Oberrauter, Lisa-Maria | Sörensen, Victoria | Norman, Cecilia | Normann, Anne | Bendtsen, Marcus | Bergman, Penny

The impact of testing locations, home use test (HUT) and central location test (CLT) on consumer evaluations of food products using rate all that apply (RATA) was investigated. As a case study, eight cold cuts were evaluated: four vegetarian/vegan and four meat-based products. A between-subjects design was used, whereby consumers were randomly allocated to either HUT or CLT test location (58 and 71 consumers, respectively). To retain as much similarity as possible across locations, consumers in both groups received identical bags of products with palate cleansers and instructions. Consumers evaluated the products using a lexicon consisting of 32 sensory attributes based on similar studies and benchtop tasting, using RATA with 7pt scales. A total of 30 and 31 attributes differed significantly (p < 0.05) across the products for HUT and CLT, respectively. Sample discrimination was similar between the two locations. Location significantly (p < 0.05) affected discrimination of 14 attributes, but a particular location having consistently higher attribute means was not observed. Bootstrapping of the attribute means per product showed no significant differences between the two testing locations, and multilevel regression models using Bayesian inference did not reveal marked differences in expected ratings between locations. Further comparisons of sample discrimination patterns through principal component analysis showed that the two locations were very similar, including the overlap of confidence ellipses. The between-subjects design strengthens the results: that comparable sensory profiles were obtained from different consumers in different testing locations supports the notion that RATA data from consumers can be reliably collected for relatively sensorially distinct products with minimal data compromise.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2022

Diego Jara | Francisco Urra

Se documenta el uso de larvas de Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 como agente limpiador de osamentas de aves y mamíferos pequeños. Después de tres meses, se observó mayor actividad de los insectos en restos secos que en restos húmedos. Esta técnica requiere supervisión constante para evitar el daño de las piezas óseas más débiles por la acción de las larvas.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden

2022

Balakirev, N.A. | Del'tsov, A.A. | Pozyabin, S.V. | Maksimov, V.I.

Железо - эссенциальный микроэлемент, необходимый для осуществления многих процессов в организме (регуляция обмена веществ, синтез ДНК и АТФ, перенос кислорода, тканевое дыхание, эритропоэз, иммунный ответ). У пушных зверей клеточного содержания железодефицитная анемия приводит к значительным экономическим потерям вследствие снижения жизнеспособности и плодовитости, ухудшения качества получаемой пушнины. Цель исследования - экспериментальное моделирование железодефицитной анемии у лабораторных крыс, чтобы в будущем экстраполировать полученные на этой модели результаты на пушных зверей. Из 4-месячных белых беспородных нелинейных лабораторных крыс массой 200 г сформировали две группы по 10 особей. Контрольные животные получали общепринятый сбалансированный рацион, соответствующий нормам потребления для лабораторных крыс (белки - 4 г, жиры - 2 г, углеводы - 25 г, клетчатка - 0,5-1,0 г); в опытной группе специально разработанный рацион 4-кратно ограничивал поступление железа в организм, но соответствовал нормам кормления по содержанию питательных веществ, витаминов и минералов (исключая железо). После 45 сут у особей в опытной группе развивалась железодефицитная анемия: по сравнению с контролем (особи, получавшие бездефицитную по железу диета) в крови достоверно уменьшалось содержание гемоглобина, гематокрита, числа эритроцитов, концентрации сывороточного железа, среднего объема эритроцита, среднего содержания гемоглобина в эритроците, в эритроцитарной массе, регистрировалась гипохромия и микроцитоз. С 17-х сут эксперимента у животных отмечали одышку и учащение сердцебиения, с 24-х сут регистрировали понижение температуры. До 14-х сут цвет кожных покровов и слизистых оболочек, а также общее состояние животных в обеих группах соответствовали норме, после 14-х сут у крыс, получавших экспериментальный рацион с ограниченным содержанием железа, наблюдали анемичность кожного покрова и слизистых оболочек ротовой полости, а также вялость и угнетение общего состояния. | Iron is an essential trace element necessary for the implementation of many processes in the body. In caged fur animals, iron deficiency anemia leads to significant economic losses due to a decrease in viability and fertility, and deterioration in the fur quality. The aim of the study was experimental modeling of iron deficiency anemia in laboratory rats in order to extrapolate the results obtained on this model to fur animals in the future. From 4-month-old white outbred laboratory rats weighing 200 g, two groups of 10 individuals were formed. Control animals received a generally accepted balanced diet which corresponded to the consumption norms for laboratory rats and was 4 g proteins, 2 g fats, 25 g carbohydrates, and 0.5-1.0 g fiber. In the experimental group a specially developed diet was applied which was 4 times less in the iron content, but corresponded to the feeding norms in terms of the nutrients, vitamins and minerals (excluding iron). After 45 days, the rats in the experimental group developed iron deficiency anemia. As compared to the control rats, receiving a diet not deficient in iron, there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, the number of erythrocytes, the concentration of serum iron, the average volume of erythrocyte, the average content of hemoglobin per erythrocyte, and per total erythrocyte matter. The anemia of the animals was hypochromi and macrocytic. From day 17 of the experiment, shortness of breath and increased heart rate occurred, from day 24, the body temperature decreased. Up to day 14, the color of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as the general condition of the rats in both groups corresponded to the norm. After day 14, anemic skin and mucous membranes of the oral cavity were observed in rats receiving an experimental iron-deficient diet. In addition, lethargy and general depression occurred.

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Central Scientific Agricultural Library - Russian Federation

2022

Pineau, Nicolas | Girardi, Alicia | Lacoste Gregorutti, Céline | Fillion, Laurence | Labbe, David

Today, there is a need to accelerate new product development to deliver faster innovations which are expected by consumers. This requires identifying rapid descriptive methodologies requiring less training than conventional sensory profiling (SP) still providing good quality data allowing to identify food sensory drivers of consumer liking. A set of nine samples covering a large sensory space has been designed systematically combining at three different ratio three commercial almond, rice, and oat-based milks. Ten expert panellists familiar with sensory profiling and naïve with the plant-based milk category performed sorting, Napping, CATA, RATA tasks and then SP. Overall liking of each sample was rated by 80 plant-based milk consumers. Among the four alternative methodologies, RATA provided both an overall product configuration and description the closest to SP (RV = 0.93) and allowed to identify the sensory drivers of plant-based milk acceptance similarly to SP. CATA is relevant to build a product landscape and to highlight product clusters with major sensory differences whereas Sorting and Napping are alternatives to CATA, as product mappings were close, when no previous glossary or knowledge exits on product attributes.

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National Agricultural Library - United States of America

2022

Antonella Leone | Stefania De Domenico | Chiara Medoro | Marta Cianciabella | Giulia Maria Daniele | Stefano Predieri

In recent years, the jellyfish (JF) blooms in many coastal areas around the world, due to climate change, have pointed toward its possible exploitation as an alternative seafood product to support the global fishery sector. However, being a novel food in Western countries, there is a gap in knowledge on JF sensory properties. This research aims to develop a sensory lexicon for edible JF through a fast but reliable method, such as RATA. Sensory attributes collected from the literature were selected through RATA applied to five mildly processed JF. The lexicon selected was then validated on three JF samples, through descriptive analysis, to test its applicability and discrimination power. The results showed that RATA could be a reliable tool in the lexicon development of novel foods, such as JF. Moreover, the lexicon developed provides a valuable communication instrument, which will open new sensory research studies focusing on JF palatability.

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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - Switzerland

2022

Antonella Leone | Stefania De Domenico | Chiara Medoro | Marta Cianciabella | Giulia Maria Daniele | Stefano Predieri

In recent years, the jellyfish (JF) blooms in many coastal areas around the world, due to climate change, have pointed toward its possible exploitation as an alternative seafood product to support the global fishery sector. However, being a novel food in Western countries, there is a gap in knowledge on JF sensory properties. This research aims to develop a sensory lexicon for edible JF through a fast but reliable method, such as RATA. Sensory attributes collected from the literature were selected through RATA applied to five mildly processed JF. The lexicon selected was then validated on three JF samples, through descriptive analysis, to test its applicability and discrimination power. The results showed that RATA could be a reliable tool in the lexicon development of novel foods, such as JF. Moreover, the lexicon developed provides a valuable communication instrument, which will open new sensory research studies focusing on JF palatability.

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Directory of Open Access Journals - Sweden