AGRIS - 

2022

N. G. Kapichnikova | T. V. Ryabtseva | P. A. Turbin | Н. Г. Капичникова | Т. В. Рябцева | П. А. Турбин

In 2015–2016 the study on the formation of leaf surface and yield of apple trees of ‘Imant’ and ‘Nadzeyny’ varieties on dwarf rootstocks 62-396, M-9, PB-4 and semi-dwarf 54-118 and 106-13 in apple orchards with the density of planting 1666-2857 trees per ha depending on vigor of rootstocks was carried out.It was established that a larger total number of growth points was formed in the trees of both varieties on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118, among the dwarf rootstocks - on 62-396.The leaf area per area unit depended on the density of planting. On the semi-dwarfish rootstocks in the 7th year after planting, the leaf area parameters exceeded the optimum indices of the assimilation surface area for narrow-row orchards.On average, over the years of research of ‘Imant’ trees, the comparable yield was obtained on the rootstock 62-396 at the planting scheme 3.5 × 1.0 m – 22.9 t/ha and on the rootstock 54-118 at the planting scheme 4.0 × 1.5 m – 21.6 t/ha.The average yield of 30.0 t/ha and more was obtained from ‘Nadzeyny’ trees on the dwarf rootstock 62-396 at the 3.5 × 1.0 m planting scheme – 32.3 t/ha, on the semi-dwarf root 54-118 at the planting scheme 4.0 × 2.0 m – 30,2 t/ha and at the planting scheme 4.0 × 1.5 m – 45.6 t/ha, and on the rootstock 106-13 – 42.4 and 49.6 t/ha, respectively

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

N. G. Kapichnikova | I. S. Leonovich | S. S. Halimonenko | Н. Г. Капичникова | И. С. Леонович | С. С. Халимоненко

The studies were performed in 2016–2017 in the Institute for Fruit Growing in an orchard planted in 2009. The effect of three fold foliar fertilizing with 0,01 % solution of multifunctional growth regulator Gybbersib on growth, fruit formation and yield of the Belarusian cultivars ‘Vesyalina’, ‘Syabryna’, ‘Pospekh’ on a superdwarf rootstock ‘PB-4’ was studied. The planting scheme was 3.5 × 1.0 m, planting density – 2857 tree/ha.There was no significant effect in the first two years of Gybbersib application on the tree growth indices, ‒ cross-sectional area of the stem and leaf area. There was a decrease in the number and the average length of the one-year growth rate in the second year of foliar application of the chemical.A varietal reaction for the foliar application of Gybbersib was established in terms of productivity formation: in 2016, more fruits were harvested and kept preserved before harvesting for the cultivar ‘Vesyalina’ 3.5 %, for ‘Syabryna’ variety – 5.6 % relatively to the control, and in 2017 – by 7.0 and 3.9 % respectively. The use of Gybbersib increased the yield of ‘Vesyalina’ by 4.0 t/ha, ‘Syabryna’ – by 1.7 t/ha on average for two years of fruiting. The trees of the variety ‘Pospekh’ did not show such effect.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2022

A. B. Rastorguev | T. N. Barabash | А. Б. Расторгуев | Т. Н. Барабаш

The results of the influence of fruit rationing of apple trees using the thinning of flowers and ovaries by hand, as well as application of water solutions of gibberellin and arboline upon formation of leaf area and fruiting wood of the trees as main components of formation of high-quality yield are given in the article. It was determined that all methods of fruit rationing had positive effect, while results of their influence were determined by conditions of the vegetation and intensity of growth processes, controlled by cultivar reaction.It was determined that methods of rationing increased anabolic area of the trees in average by 25 %, which increased the yield by 5-31 %, average weight of the fruit – by 12 %, the amount of the first class fruit – by 19 %. Unit of leaf area had the most effect on the yield in the variants without fruit rationing and with rationing of flowers and ovaries by hand (r = 0.84; 0.76; 0.80).Fruit rationing of the trees stimulated formation of fruiting wood in average by 26 %, and besides had the most effect (by 1.4 times) – with application of phytohormonal preparations. Strong direct correlation (r = 0.92) between anabolic area and formation of fruiting wood was determined. | В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния нормирования нагрузки деревьев яблони плодами с помощью прореживания цветков и завязи вручную, а также обработки завязи водными растворами гиббереллина и арболина на формирование листовой поверхности и обрастающей плодовой древесины деревьев, как главных составляющих формирования высококачественного урожая. Установлено, что все применяемые приемы нормирования нагрузки плодами имели положительный эффект, а результаты их влияния определялись условиями вегетации и интенсивностью ростовых процессов, обусловленных сортовой реакцией.Определено, что приемы нормирования увеличивали ассимиляционную поверхность деревьев в среднем на 25 %, что способствовало прибавке урожая на 5-31 %, увеличению средней массы плодов – на 12 %, выходу плодов высшего товарного сорта – на 19 %. Наиболее продуктивно на урожай сработала единица площади листового аппарата в варианте без нормирования нагрузки плодами и при нормировании цветков и завязи вручную (r = 0,84; 0,76; 0,80).Нормирование нагрузки плодами дерева стимулировало закладку обрастающей плодовой древесины в среднем на 26 %, причем в наибольшей степени (в 1,4 раза) – при обработке фитогормональными препаратами. Установлена сильная прямая корреляционная зависимость (r = 0,92) между ассимиляционной поверхностью и закладкой обрастающей плодовой древесины.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Drozd,O.V. | Pavlovski,N.B.

Цель настоящих исследований - определение морфометрических листьев новых интродуцированных сортов голубики высокорослой (Vaccinium corymbosum). Биометрические параметры листовых пластинок побегов формирования значительно превышают эти показатели у побегов ветвления. Вне зависимости от типа побега наибольшие значения размерных характеристик листовой пластинки отмечены у сорта Chandler, а наименьшие - у сорта Putte. Для голубики характерно явление гетерофилии, которое в наибольшей степени выражено у сорта Collins, в меньшей степени - у сортов Bluejay, Bonifacy, Bonus, Reka и Spartan. Основными формами листовой пластинки у сортов голубики высокорослой являются яйцевидная, эллиптическая и заостренноэллиптическая, а у низкорослого сорта Putte - ланцетная. Преобладающими формами основания листовой пластинки являются округлая и округленно-клиновидная, у некоторых сортов встречается ширококлиновидная. У всех изучаемых сортов голубики верхушка листовых пластинок заостренной формы, лишь у сортов Bonus и Goldtraube 10 % листьев имеют притупленную верхушку. Значения коэффициента формы листа у сортов голубики варьируют от 0,69 (Риги) до 0,75 (Bonifacy). | The purpose of this research is the definition of new morphometric features of leaves of introduced varieties of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Biometrics parameters of lamina for forming shoots are much higher than the figures in the shoots branching. Regardless of the shoots type the highest values of dimensional characteristics of the lamina were observed in the cultivar Chandler, and the lowest - in the cultivar Putte. Phenomenon geterofilii is quite common for blueberry which is marked mostly in Collins cultivar and to a lesser extent in the cultivars Bluejay, Bonifacy, Bonus, Reka and Spartan. The main forms of the lamina in highbush blueberry cultivars are ovoid, elliptical and pointed-elliptical, while in undersized cultivar Putte it is lanceolate. The predominant forms of the lamina base are rounded or roundly wedge-shaped, some cultivars occurs widely wedge-shaped. At all studied blueberry cultivars the lamina top is spiniform but only in Bonus and Goldtraube cultivars the 10 % of leaves have the blunt top. The index value of the leaf shape at blueberry cultivars varies from 0.69 (Рига) to 0.75 (Bonifacy).

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Ryabtseva,T.V.

The article presents the results of the investigation of the influence of a planting material quality on a crown morphological constitution and a root system development of two apple (Malus) cultivars differed in a branching type. They are intensely branching cultivar Antej and poor branching one Alesya on stocks of various growth vigour such as super dwarf PB-4 and dwarf 62-396 of five year trees. It was established that the height of crown reduction pruning of apple seedlings in a nursery influenced essentially on apple phytomers growth and development. Trees were better developing at crown reduction pruning at the height of 80 cm. At three variety and stock combinations of Antej and Alesya on the stock PB-4 and Alesya on the stock 62-396 the variant of crown reduction pruning has the larger leaf-area duration and more growth points of growth and accrete type. In the whole the leaf-area duration was authentically more than at trees without crown reduction pruning and the difference with the control made 72.4 %, 60.3 and 72.1 % respectively. Root system development basically corresponded to the development of trees leaf-area duration. The mass of accrete roots at all studied apple variety and stock combinations was higher at trees with crown reduction pruning in the nursery at the height of 80 cm. The difference with the control made from 16.8 % at the cultivar Alesya on superdwarf stock PB-4 up to 228 % for the cultivar Antej on a dwarf stock 62-396. The development of a leaf canopy and apple root system also depended mostly on stocks growth. In comparison with variants of seedlings, leaf-area duration and mass of accrete roots of trees on a dwarf stock 62-396 was more than on superdwarf. | В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния качества посадочного материала на морфологическое строение кроны и развитие корневой системы яблони двух сортов, различающихся по типу ветвления (сильноветвящегося сорта Антей и слабо- ветвящегося сорта Алеся), на подвоях различной силы роста суперкарликовом ПБ-4 и карликовом 62-396 в возрасте деревьев 5 лет. Установлено, что высота кронирования саженцев яблони в питомнике существенно влияла на рост и развитие фитомеров яблони, лучше развивались деревья, кронированные на высоте 80 см. У трех сорто-подвойных комбинаций яблони Антей и Алеся на подвое ПБ-4 и Алеся на подвое 62-396 в этом варианте кронирования была больше площадь листовых пластинок, больше точек роста ростового и обрастающего типа. В целом площадь листовой поверхности деревьев была достоверно больше, чем у некронированных деревьев, разница с контролем составила 72,4 %, 60,3 и 72,1 % соответственно. Развитие корневой системы в основном соответствовало развитию площади лис-товой поверхности деревьев. Масса обрастающих корней у всех изучаемых в опыте сорто-подвойных комбинаций яблони была больше у деревьев, кронированных в питомнике на высоте 80 см, разница с контролем составляла от 16,8 % у сорта Алеся на суперкарликовом подвое ПБ-4 до 228 % у сорта Антей на карликовом подвое 62-396. Развитие листового полога и корневой системы яблони зависело также от силы роста подвоев, в сопоставимых вариантах типов саженцев площадь листовой поверхности деревьев и масса обрастающих корней деревьев на карликовом подвое 62-396 была больше, чем на суперкарликовом подвое ПБ-4.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Yakuta,O.N. | Chirko,E.M. | Anokhina,T.A.

We report the results of four-factor experiment on the formation of grain yield and leaf area of millet (Panicum miliaceum), depending on the variety (Factor B), seeding method (factor C), growth regulators (factor D) against the weather growing seasons of 2008 - 2010 (factor A). Research has established various factors contribute to in yields of grain and leaf area of different varieties of millet. | Сообщаются результаты четырехфакторного опыта по формированию урожая зерна и площади листовой поверхности проса в зависимости от сорта (фактор В), способа сева (фактор С), применения регуляторов роста (фактор D) на фоне погодных условий вегетационных периодов 2008—2010 гг. (фактор А). Исследованиями установлен различный вклад факторов в урожай зерна и площадь листовой поверхности разных сортов проса.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Tsyganov, A.R. | Klochkova, O.S. | Solomko, O.B., Belarus State Academy of Agriculture, Gorki

The most important condition for the high productivity of plantings is the consumption of large quantity of solar energy by plants. Process of photosynthesis directly influences growth and development of cultivars and the level of crop yield. Productivity of photosynthesis is evaluated with the help of total area of the leaves, growth of dry matter and longevity of inter-phase periods. Influence of different thickness of plantings and planting scheme on the size of leaves' area and pure productivity of photosynthesis on the example of spring rape (Brassica napus) is analyzed. The research shows that the largest size of leaves per m2 in the phase of flowering and the size of pods in the phase of green maturity are formed on average when the density of plants is 107 per m2. The size of leaves decreases when the distance between plants in rows increases. With the following planting schemes of 9.7 x 9.7 and 11,2 x 11,2 cm - 4.40 and 4.24 m2 /m2 large sizes of leaves are received. The highest result of photosynthesis net productivity is obtained when the density is 107 per m2 - 9.93 g/m2 per day. Photosynthesis net productivity increases with the decrease of the distance between plants in a row when the square of feeding is the same.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2011

Korzun, O.S. | Isaev, S.V., Grodno State Agrarian Univ.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized evaluation of parameters of photosynthetic leaf activity of Indian barnyard millet (Japanese millet) (Echinochloa frumentacea) depending on sowing terms and seeding rate, as well as determination of their interaction with yielding capacity of dry matter of green mass. The study was realized on sod-podzolic sandy loam average-cultured soils of Grodno region of Belarus. The optimal parameters of leaf square (31014-35638 thousand square meter/ha) and the highest photosynthetic potential (0,37-0,48 mln square meter * day/ha) of Japanese millet crop were obtained in the first sowing term in the second decade of May with norms 3 and 4 mln germinable seeds per 1 ha. The lowest photosynthetic potential of 0,23-0,30 mln square meter * day/ha showed Indian barnyard millet crops which were sown in the second sowing term with sowing term up to 3 mln germinable seeds per 1 ha. Increasing of sowing rates up to 5 mln germinable seeds per 1 ha caused the lowering of photosynthetic potential up to 0,32-0,42 mln square meter * day/ha. The highest variability from year to year was showed by the photosynthetic potential (v=25,7%). Between the yield of dry matter per 1 ha and the efficiency coefficient of the photosynthetic activity of radiation there was determined a high positive correlation dependence, which was calculated by the equation.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2009

Lapa, V.V. | Lopukh, M.S., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry

Studies of influence of mineral nutrition conditions on photosynthetic productivity of plants of hulless oat (Avena nuda) in the conditions of its cultivation on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in the Republic of Belarus were presented. Research results showed that in the conditions of system of fertilizer N60+30+20P40K90 + Cu + Mn + fungicide at the phase flag leaf it was possible to form the maximum leaf area - 51,57 thousand square m/ha, and value of photosynthetic potential at this phase reached 0,58 million in square m/ha per day. Active developing a leaf area as well as its longer preservation in a functional condition (33,28 thousand square m/ha by a phase of head ear formation) made it possible to obtain the productivity of grain of 48,2 c/ha. Application of mineral fertilizers promoted the more intensive accumulation of biomass at all observed phases of development and led to increasing of an indicator of net productivity of photosynthesis in the variants with fertilizers. | Приведены результаты исследования влияния условий минерального питания на фотосинтетическую продуктивность растений голозёрного овса при возделывании на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве. Установлено, что при системе удобрения N60+30+20+Cu+Mn + фунгицид к фазе флагового листа формировалась максимальная в опыте площадь листовой поверхности - 51,57 тыс. квадратных м/га, а значение фотосинтетического потенциала в эту фазу достигало 0,58 млн. квадратных м/га в сутки. Активное наращивание листовой поверхности, а также более длительное её сохранение в функциональном состоянии (33,28 тыс. квадратных м/га к фазе вымётывания метёлки) обеспечило получение урожайности зерна 48,2 ц/га. Применение минеральных удобрений способствовало более интенсивному накоплению биомассы по всем фазам развития и приводило к увеличению показателя чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза по удобренным вариантам.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2008

Kholodinskij, V.V., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming

Results of three-year (2006-2008) studies of the influence of different fungicides application on grain yielding capacity of spring triticale crops of Meshko and Lana varieties cultivated on sod-podzolic light loamy average cultured soil in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus were presented. In course of studies there was realized the comparative evaluation of the efficiency of leaf apparatus protection with abacus preparation and triticale head protection with rex duo preparation. Research results made it possible to determine the varietal specific features of the formation of spring triticale grain yield depending on the fungicidal treatment. For the seedlings of Lana varieties it was efficient to realize single fungicide treatment for head protection, while the Meshko variety seedlings it was necessary to realize the fungicidal treatments for the protection of leaf apparatus and head. In connection with the formation of more friction-tight haulm stand in seedlings of Meshko variety in the conditions of the excessive precipitation there was stated the earlier lodging and losses of 1000 grain weight up to 50% and more. In the same conditions the same loss indices for Lana variety did not exceed 14%

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus