AGRIS - 

2016

Pestis,V.K. | Tanana,L.A. | Vertinskaya,O.V. | Kataeva,S.A.

Increase of high-quality beef production is one of the most important challenges of agro industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus. High competitiveness of the branch directly depends on simple technologies of animal housing, cheap feeds and low labour consumption. Along with this, beef represents high-potential export production. Due to above, deep scientific research of qualitative characteristics of beef meat received from meat bulls and their hybrids with black and motley breeds appears a serious scientific problem. The paper presents the results of the researches of nutrition and biological value of the beef from the bulls of Hereford and black and motley breeds and Hereford x black and motley hybrids at the age of 16 months. The chemical composition, technological properties, amino-and fat and acid balance of the meat are studied. As a result of the researches, established is superiority of the bulls of the Hereford breed and Hereford x black and motley hybrids according to qualitative characteristics of the meat in comparison with the black and motley breed. | В статье приведены результаты исследований пищевой и биологической ценности говядины от бычков герефордской и черно-пестрой пород и герефорд х черно-пестрых помесей в возрасте 16 месяцев. Изучены химический состав, технологические свойства, амино- и жирнокислотная сбалансированность мяса. В результате исследований установлено превосходство быков герефордской породы и герефорд х черно-пестрых помесей по качественным характеристикам мяса по сравнению с черно-пестрой породой.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Pirahouskaya,G.V.

farm of Gomel region, 1991–2000) parts of the Republic of Belarus in different seasons of the year. It&#039 | Речицкого района Гомельской области, за 1991–2000 гг.) части Республики Беларусь показали, что химический состав атмосферных осадков и их минерализация изменяется в зависимости от количества выпадающих осадков и сезонности года. | s established that the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation and its mineralization status changes according to the amount of precipitation and seasons of the year. | Результаты исследований по изменению показателей химического состава атмосферных осадков (кислотности, содержания сульфатов, нитратов, аммонийного азота, фосфатов, калия, кальция, магния, натрия, хлоридов, гидрокарбонатов и водорастворимого органического вещества) в центральной (г. Минск, за 1981−2012 гг.) и юго-восточной (совхоз &#039 | Подолесье&#039 | Atmospheric precipitation appears one of the most important sources of chemical substances input in agricultural soils. Research and evaluation of chemical composition of precipitation and determining of chemical substances’ content within contemporary anthropogenic influence appears a serious scientific challenge. The paper presents the results of the research on the changes of the most important indices of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation (acidity, content of sulphates, nitrates, ammonium, phosphates, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, hydro carbonate and water soluble organic substance) in the Central (Minsk, 1981–2012) and South-East (&#039 | Podolesye&#039

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Zavodnik,I.B.

The aim of the realized research is to determine the biochemical regularities of the oxidative processes induced by tBHP in mammalian cells. We used tBHP (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Germany), fluorescent probe 2 &#039 | Цель настоящей работы – определение биохимических закономерностей окислительных процессов, индуцируемых tBHP, в клетках млекопитающих. В работе использовали tBHP (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Германия), флуоресцентный зонд 2′,7′-дихлородигидрофлуоресцеин диацетат (DCFH-DA) (Molecular Probes, Inc., США), а также другие реактивы аналитической степени чистоты (POCH, Польша). Окислительный стресс, индуцируемый в клетках линии В14 органическим терт-бутил гидропероксидом (tBHP), приводит к генерации в клетке свободных радикалов в реакциях гидропероксида с гемсодержащими белками. Рассчитана эффективная полумаксимальная концентрация tBHP в реакции активации окислителя клетками: EC50 = 37 +/- 12 мкМ. Определяемые метаболической активностью клетки окислительные процессы приводят к выраженному нарушению морфологии клеток: потере ими способности сорбироваться на субстрате и формировать ассоциаты, а затем к набуханию клеток и лизису, что отражает некротический механизм гибели клеток при окислительном воздействии. Деполяризация и набухание клеток отражают формирование ион-неселективных пор в мембране и некротический механизм гибели клеток при окислительном воздействии. | , 7&#039 | -dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) (Molecular Probes, Inc., USA), as well as other reagents of analytical purity (POCH, Poland). Oxidative stress induced in B14 cells by organic tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) results in intracellular free radical generation in hydroperoxide reactions with haem–containing proteins. The half maximal effective concentration of tBHP in reaction with cellular components EC50 is equal to 37 +/- 12 mkM. Oxidative processes depends on cell metabolic activity and induces cell morphological impairments: cell detachment from the substrate, cell dissociations and swelling, which reflects necrotic mechanism of oxidative cell death. Depolarization and swelling of cells reflect the formation of ion-nonselective pores in the membrane and the necrotic mechanism of cell death during oxidative exposure.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Semenenko,N.N.

The article describes how drainage and longterm (50 years) agricultural use of peat soils causes transformation in composition, structure and reserve of potassium fractions. In peatbog soils reserve of gross forms of potassium in 040 cm layer is 560 kg/ha, exchangeable peat forms – 100 kg/ha. In agro peat soils of different stages of evolution gross peat form increases in 2.54.9 times, moving fractions and others increase in 510 times or more. In organic mineral soils with organic matter less than 20 % all fractions decrease. The lowest reserves of peat fraction are in mineral postpeat soil (exchangeable, moving, and available forms are 0.50.52 t/ha and watersoluble form is 0.14 t/ha. In undrained peat-bog soil the potassium content of all factions is the low: overall 730 mg / kg of potassium, and the number of mobile, exchangeable, available, and water-soluble fractions is respectively 20, 15, 12 and 8% of the overall. In the organic and mineral soil the content of mobile fractions of decreased from 969 mg / kg up to 554- peat-mineral, 339 - mineral residual-peat and 148 mg / kg - mineral residual-peat soil. | Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния осушения и длительного (50 лет) сельскохозяйственного использования торфяных почв на трансформацию содержания, структуры и запасы фракций калия. Показано, что в торфяно - болотной неосушенной почве запасы валовой формы калия в слое 0 – 40 см составляют 560 кг/га, из них 100 кг/га приходится на обменные формы. В агроторфяных почвах разных стадий эволюции в сравнении с неосушенной запасы всех фракций калия повышаются: валового в 2,5 - 4,9, а подвижных и других фракций -5 – 10 и более раз. В органоминеральных почвах с ОВ менее 20 % в сравнении с агроторфяной содержание обменной и других фракций калия снижается. Наиболее низкие запасы подвижных фракций калия установлены в минеральной постторфяной почве: обменной, подвижной и доступной –0,50 – 0,52 и водорастворимой – 0,14 т/га. В неосушенной торфяно-болотной почве содержание всех фракций калия низкое: валового 730 мг/кг калия, а количество подвижных, обменных, доступных и водорастворимых фракций составляет соответственно 20, 15, 12 и 8 % от валового. В органоминеральных почвах в сравнении с агроторфяной содержание подвижных фракций снижается с 969 мг/кг (агроторфяные) до 554- торфяно-минеральные, 339 -минеральные остаточно-торфяные и 148 мг/кг - минеральные постторфяные почвы.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2015

Tarasevich,A.G. | Lapa,V.V. | Milosta,G.M.

Определен вынос макро- и микроэлементов в полевых исследованиях, которые проводились в почвенно-климатических условиях Гродненской области на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве, подстилаемой моренным суглинком. Установлено, что в среднем растения валерианы потребляли из почвы 135,3–184,9 кг/га азота, 55,9–69,9 кг/га P2О5, 143,0–177,8 кг/га K2О, 96,4–120,1 кг/га CaO, 29,1–37,0 кг/га MgO, 74,7–101,7 г/га бора, 51,4–64,6 г/га меди, 171–210,7 г/га цинка. По количеству потребляемых элементов питания с единицы площади их можно расположить в следующем порядке убывания: K более N более Ca более Р более Mg. В расчете на 10 ц корней и соответствующим количеством листовой массы валерианы лекарственной выносится 36,0– 40,2 кг азота, 14,4–15,9 кг фосфора, 35,8–40,7 кг калия, 25,3–27,8 кг кальция, 7,7–8,7 кг магния, 18,8–22,1 г бора, 11,6–16,3 г меди и 41,8–48,9 г цинка. Основная часть фосфора, калия, кальция и магния выносится листьями, большая часть бора, меди и цинка – корнями. | Mg. Per 10 c of roots and rhizomes leaves of valerian remove 36.0–40.2 kg of nitrogen, 14.4–15.9 kg of phosphorus, 35.8–40.7 kg of potassium, 25.3–27.8 kg of calcium, 7.7–8.7 kg of magnesium, 18.8– 22.1 of boron, 11.6–16.3 of copper and 41.8–48.9 of zinc. The main part of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium is removed by leaves, most boron, copper and zinc – by roots and rhizomes. | The removal of macro and micro elements has been determined as a result of field research on sod-podzol sandy soils spread with thin loam in Grodno region. It’s established that on average valerian consumes from soil 135.3–184.9 kg/hectare of nitrogen, 55.9–69.9 kg/ha of P2О5, 143.0–177.8 kg/ha of K2О, 96.4–120.1 kg/ha of CaO, 29.1–37.0 kg/hectare of MgO, 74.7–101.7 g/ha of boron, 51.4–64.6 g/ha of copper and 171.0–210.7 g/ha of zinc. In respect of the quantity of the consumed nutrition elements per unit of area they can be put in the order of decrease: K more than N more than Ca more than Р >

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Stepuk,L.Ya. | Zheshko,A.A. | Begun,P.P. | Gapanovich,N.D.

The article proposes the perspective schemes of stand and device for research, testing, adjustment and setting of the sprayers. | Предложены перспективные схемы стенда и прибора для исследования, тестирования, регулировки и настройки опрыскивателей.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2014

Hetko,N.V. | Alehna,A.I. | Subach,V.P. | Pochytskaya,I.M. | Titok,V.V.

and Beta-elemene [Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2methylethenyl-] in leaves of Citrus x meyeri Ju. Tanaka. | Interdonato&#039 | The main goal of the research presented in the article appears evaluation of the volatile compounds of the leaves of hybrid varieties of lemon (Citrus x Limon) and biochemical analysis of intraspecific diversity of the taxons. The component composition of leaf volatile substances of 15 lemon taxa (Citrus x limon (L.) Burm. f.), grown in the greenhouses of the Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus by GC/MS – methods of hardware-assisted system &#039 | и бета-эле-мен [Cyelohexane, 1-ethenyl-l-methyl- 2-methylethenyl-] - у Citrus X meyeri Ju.Tanaka. | Методом GC/MS с использованием системы &#039 | Interdonato&#039 | (Network GC System /5975В (VL MSD) изучен компонентный состав летучих субстанций эфирных масел листьев у 15 таксонов лимона (Citrus X limon (L.) Burm.f.), которые культивируются в оранжереях Центрального ботанического сада НАН Беларуси. Выявлены 22 основные летучие субстанции, представляющие два класса соединений -углеводороды и кислородсодержащие соединения (спирты, альдегиды и сложные эфиры). Среди углеводородов основными компонентами, обнаруженными у всех таксонов исследованной группы, являются монотерпен D-лимонен и сесквитерпен р-кариофиллен. Доли содержания их в общем объеме идентифицированных летучих соединений различаются и зависят от генотипа растений. В качестве химической характеристики таксонов лимона может быть предложено относительное содержание в листьях кислородсодержащих летучих компонентов, а именно цитронеллаля, геранил ацетата. Среди соединений, идентифицированных только у одного таксона - 3 карен [Bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, 3,7,7-trimethyl-] - у Citrus X limon&#039 | Agilent Technologies 6850 Series II&#039 | (network GC System/5975B (VL MSD) has been researched. There have been revealed 22 major leaf volatile substances, which represent the two classes of compounds – hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds (alcohols, aldehydes and esters). Among the major hydrocarbon compounds found in all taxa of the studied group are monoterpene D-limonene and sesquiterpene Beta-caryophyllene. Shares of keeping them in total identified leaf volatile substances vary and depend on the genotype of plants. as chemical characteristics of lemon taxa can be proposed the content of oxygenated compounds in leaf volatile components, so as citronella, geranyl acetate. among the compounds identified in only one taxon – 3 carene [Bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, 3,7,7-trimethyl-] in leaves of Citrus x Limon &#039

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2012

Semenenko, N.N. | Zhmachinskaya, S.I. | Karankevich, E.V., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Land Reclamation

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was presented a method of photometric determination of organic nitrogen compounds in peat and anthropogenically transformed peat soils at various stages of evolution. There was presented a method for analyzing soil samples for determination of presence of easily and hard hydrolyzable nitrogen compounds with the application of an extracting agent in the form of 0,25 M and 2,5 M of sulfuric acid. The proposed new method for determination of content of easily and hard hydrolyzable nitrogen compounds in anthropogenically transformed peat soils included the following: taking of soil sample lot; preparation of 0,25 M and 2,5 M of sulfuric acid as an extracting agent; obtaining of hydrolyzate from the suspension with ration of soil : extracting solution (1 : 20); hydrolysis in course of 3 hours in the conditions of steady boiling; filtering off of the suspension with the further soil flushing at a filter with small amounts of hot distilled water; measuring of nitrogen concentration in filtered material using the photometric technique.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2011

Luchenok, L.N., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Land Reclamation | Pap, A.A., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). The Institute of Chemistry of New Materials | Baran, S.G., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Land Reclamation

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented data on phytotoxicity and biochemical parameters of the synthesized new derivatives of pesticides, with pesticide properties. Chemical formulas of the analyzed synthesized pesticides were presented. Effect of the compounds was evaluated by the degree of response of soil dehydrogenase activity and weight of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seedlings at different concentrations. Analysis of experimental data showed that all synthesized compounds were toxic to soil microflora and cress. However, in view of the fact that bis-quaternary ammonium compounds 1 and 2 in a great extend inhibited the growth of cress salad seedlings and the activity of dehydrogenase even at the lowest concentrations. They are likely to be considered as potential herbicides, and soil application is limited to pre-treatment of seeds. Use of the compounds 3-5 at not low concentrations (0,0026-0,26 microgram/ millilitre) does not harm any plants or soil microflora. So, they can be regarded as biorational pesticides.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus

2011

Lapa, V.V. | Lomonos, M.M. | Ivakhnenko, N.N. | Aleshchenkova, Z.M. | Kartyzhova, L.E. | Semenova, I.V., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the efficiency of application of soybean (Glycine max) seed inoculates in the process of growing on sod-podzolic sandy soil. It is established that presowing inoculation treatment of soya seeds by biofertilizer 'SoyaRiz' promotes the increasing of yielding capacity of seeds of soya against the background of P50K120 on 7,8 centner/ha. The weight of 1000 grains of soya after application of the given biofertilizer has increased against P50K120 on 35,72 g, and against N30P50K120 - on 4,40 g, with grown of protein yield by 345 and 77 kg/ha accordingly. This provided ecological compatibility, economic efficiency of obtained ptoducts. Values of symbiotic indicators bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum (biofertilizer of SojaRiz) and biometric (height) of soya plants increased against NPK fertilizers and correlated among themselves. Presowing soya seeds treatment with SoyaRiz biological fertilizer promoted accumulation of ammoniacal nitrogen in soil in course of the vegetation period on 4,3-6,3 mg/kg, and content of nitric nitrogen lowered on 60-70%.

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National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - Belarus