Ukungondleki

**Ukungondleki** noma **Ukungabi namsoco** isimo esidalwa ukudla okungenazo izakhimzimba ezanele noma okunezakhamzimba eziningi zize zibange izifo. Izakhamzimba ezibalwayo zingabandakanya: amakhalori, amaprotheni, isitashi, amavithamini noma amaminerali. Kuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubiza  **ukudla okungenazo izakhamzimba ezanele** uma amakhalori, iphrotheni noma  izakhamzimba ezincane ezibalulekile engenele; kodwa, kuphinde kubandakanye ukudla okunezakhamzimba eziningi ngokweqile.Uma ukushoda kwezakhamzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili yobudala kungase kudale izinkinga zesikhathi eside ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukungabi nawo kakhulu umsoco, okwaziwa ngendlala, kungaba nezimpawu ezibandakanya: ukuba mfishane, umzimba owondile, amazinga aphansi kakhulu omdlandla, kanye nokuvuvukala kwemilenze kanye nesisu.Abantu futhi bavamise ukuthola izifo kanti futhi bajwayele ukugodola. Izimpawu zokungabi nazo izakhamzimba ezincane ezibalulekile kuya ngokuthi yisiphi isakhamzimba esishodayo.

Ukungabi nawo umsoco imvamisa kudalwa ukungatholi ukudla okusezingeni eliphezulu esingakudla. Lokhu kuvamise ukudalwa amanani aphezulu okudla kanye nenhlupheko. Uma ungazange uncelise ubisi lwebele kungase kube nomthelela, ngoba eziningi zezifo ezithelelanayo ezifana: ne-gastroenteritis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu namathumbu), inyumoniya, umalaleveva kanye nesimungumungwana okukwenyusa isidingo somsoco wezakhamzimba. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zokungabi namsoco: ukungabi namsoco wephrotheni yamandla kanye nokungabi namsoco ekudleni esikudlayo. Ukungabi namsoco wephrotheni yamandla kunezindlela ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu: i-marasmus (ukuntuleka kwephrotheni nekhalori) kanye nekhwashu (ukuntuleka kwephrotheni). Ukungabi khona komsoco okujwayelekile kubandakanya: ukuntuleka i-ayoni, i-ayodini kanye vithamini A. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngenxa yokunyuka kwesidingo salezi zakhamzimba, ukushoda kwazo kuba yinto ejwayelekile. Kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka ukuba nomsoco ongaphezulu kodingekayo ngokuba yisidudla sekuthanda ukujwayeleka emphakathini njengokungabi namsoco. Ezinye izimbangela zokungondleki zibandakanya i-anorexia nervosa (ukonda ngokweqile) kanye ne-bariatric surgery. Kubantu abadala ukungondleki kuba yimvamisa ngenxa yezinto ezithinta umzimba, ingqondo kanye nenhlalakahle.

Imizamo yokwenza ngcono izakhamzimba yizona zindlela ezisebenzayo zokusiza ukukhula. Ukuncelisa ubisi lwebele nakho kunganciphisa ukungondleki kanye nokushona ebantwaneni, kanti nemizamo yokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwalokhu iyawenyusa amazinga. Ezinganeni ezincane ukuzinika ukudla phezu kobisi lwebele uma sebephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili kuyenza ngcono imiphumela. Kukhona nobufakazi obuhle obeseka ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokudla ezitholakala emsocweni odingekayo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe nasezinganeni ezincane ezweni elithuthukayo. Ukuyisa ukudla kubantu abakudinga kakhulu okungaba ukuhambisa ukudla kanye nokuhambisa imali ukuze abantu bezothenga ukudla ezitolo eziseduze nabo nakho kuyasebenza. Ukunika abantu ukudla esikoleni kuphela akwenele. Ukulawulwa kokungondleki okukhulu ekhaya lalowo muntu ukudla okwelaphayo osekulungele ukudliwa kungenzeka isikhathi esiningi. Kulabo abangondlekile okwenziwa nzima ezinye izimo zezempilo kunconywa ukuthi balashelwe esibhedlela. Lokhu kuvamise ukubandakanya ukulawula ukwehla kwezinga likashukela egazini, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokudla kancane kancane. Kunconywa ukuphuzwa kwama-antibiotic ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lobungozi besifo. Izindlela zesikhathi eside zibandakanya: ukuthuthukisa ezolimo, ukuze kuzoncipha inhlupheko, kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthwa kwendle, kanye ukuhlonyiswa kwabesifazane.

Ngonyaka wezi-2010 abantu ababengondlekile babeyizigidi ezingama-925&nbsp; emhlabeni, okwakunyuke ngezigidi ezingama-80&nbsp; kusukela ngonyaka we-1990. Esinye isigidigidi sabantu naso silinganiselwa ukuthi sintula amavithamini kanye nezakhamzimba. Ngonyaka wezi-2010 ukushoda komsoco wephrotheni yamandla kuthiwa yaholela ekushoneni kwabantu abangama- 600,000 okwehla kusuka kwabangama- 883,000 ngonyaka we-1990. Okunye ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba, okubandakanya ukushoda kwe-ayodini kanye nokushoda kwe-ayoni, nakho kwabanga ukushona kwabantu abangama-84,000. Ukungondleki ngonyaka wezi-2010 kwaba ngu-1.4% wembangela yabo bonke ababa nokukhubazeka ezimpilweni zabo. Kukholakala ukuthi kulinganiselwa kokuthathu kokuyishumi kuyimbangela yokushona kwezingane ngenxa yokungondleki; kodwa-ke, akuvamisile ukuthi kushiwo lokhu njengesizathu sokushona kwengane. Ngonyaka wezi-2010 kuthiwa ukungondleki kwaba nomthelela ekushoneni kwabesifazane nezingane eziyisigidi esi-1.5 yize noma isilinganiso sesibalo singaba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3&nbsp;. Ezinye izingane ezingaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-165 ukukhula okufanele kulesi sifo. Ukungondleki kuvamisile emazweni asathuthuka.

## Amareferensi