Isithunywa sevangeli

Isithunywa **sevangeli** kuyinto ilungu leqembu lenkolo wathumela endaweni ukukhuthaza enkolweni yabo noma enze zezinkonzo yesevisi, ezifana nemfundo, ekukwati kufundza nekubhala, ubulungiswa emphakathini, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho .  

Enguqulweni yesiLatin yeBhayibheli, uJesu Kristu usebenzisa leli gama lapho ethumela abafundi ukuthi bayoshumayela ivangeli egameni lakhe.Leli gama lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhambela kobuKristu, kepha lingasetshenziselwa noma yisiphi isivumo sokholo noma umbono. 

Igama elithi *imishini* livela ngonyaka we-1598 lapho amaJesuit , amalungu eSociety of Jesus athumela amalungu phesheya, asuselwa  (  . missio ), okusho 'isenzo sokuthumela' noma i-  , okusho ukuthi 'ukuthumela'. 

## Ngenkolo

### Imihlangano yamaBuddha

### Imihlangano yobuKristu

Isithunywa sobuKrestu sevangeli singachazwa ngokuthi "unguye ubufakazi yonkana amasiko".I- Lausanne Congress yango-1974, ichaze leli gama, elihlobene nomsebenzi wobuKristu ngokuthi, "ukwakha inhlangano esebenzayo yokutshala amasonto".Izithunywa zevangeli zitholakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.

EBhayibhelini, uJesu Kristu ubhalwe njengofundisa abaphostoli ukwenza abafundi bazo zonke izizwe ( Matthew 28:19–20, Mark 16:15–18 ).Leli vesi kubhekiselwa kulo yizithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKrestu ngokuthi yiKhomishini Enkulu futhi likhuthaza umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli.

#### Ezomlando

Umsebenzi omningi wamanje wobufundisi bamaKhatholika wenze ushintsho olukhulu selokhu kwavela uMkhandlu Wesibili weVatican ka-1962-1965, ngokugqugquzela okwandayo kwe-indigenization kanye ne- incultization, kanye nezindaba zobulungiswa bezenhlalo njengengxenye eyinhloko yokushumayela iVangeli.

Njengoba iSonto LamaKatolika lalizihlela ngokwalo futhi linabantu nezinsizakusebenza, imiyalo yezenkolo, eminye eyayisebenza ngokukhethekile kuyo, yenza imisebenzi eminingi yezithunywa zevangeli, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuwa koMbuso WaseRoma eNtshonalanga.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i- Holy See yasungula kancane kancane isakhiwo seSonto esijwayelekile ezindaweni zemishini, imvamisa iqala ngeziphathimandla ezikhethekile ezaziwa ngokuthi izifunda zabaphostoli kanye neziphathimandla zabaphostoli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwentuthuko lezi zisekelo ziphakanyiselwa esimweni esijwayelekile sedayosisi lapho kubekwa ababhishobhi bendawo.Ebusweni bomhlaba wonke, lezi zinqubo zazivame ukusheshiswa ngeminyaka yamuva yama-1960, ngokwengxenye yayihambisana nokukhishwa kombuso phansi kwezepolitiki.Kwezinye izifunda, noma kunjalo, zisasebenza.

Njengoba nje noMbhishobhi waseRoma wayenamandla futhi ezindaweni ezithile kamuva ezithathwa njengeziseMpumalanga, kanjalo nemizamo yezithunywa zevangeli yabangcwele bekhulu le-9 leminyaka uCyril noMethodius yayiqhutshwa kakhulu maqondana neNtshonalanga kuneMpumalanga, yize insimu yomsebenzi wawuphakathi neYurophu.

Izithunywa zevangeli zokuqala zamaProthestani zazihlanganisa uJohn Eliot kanye nongqongqoshe bangaleso sikhathi kubandakanya uJohn Cotton noRichard Bourne, ababekhonza kwabomdabu base-Algonquin ababehlala emazweni athiwa ngabamele iMassachusetts Bay Colony ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17."Abashicileli beqiniso" bamaQuaker bavakashele iBoston namanye amakoloni aphakathi nekhulu le-17, kodwa babengamukelwa kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi. 

Umsebenzi omningi wemishini yase-Anglican wenziwa ngaphansi kwesandla seSociety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG, eyasungulwa ngo-1701), i- Church Missionary Society (CMS, eyasungulwa ngo-1799) kanye ne- Intercontinental Church Society (eyayiyiCommonwealth kanye I-Continental Church Society, evela ngo-1823).

#### Isimanje

Ngokwanda okumangazayo kwemizamo kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, kanye nomfutho oqinile kusukela *ngeLausanne I: The International Congress on World Evangelization* in Switzerland in 1974, amaqembu abavangeli anamuhla agxile emizamweni yokuthumela izithunywa zevangeli kuzo zonke izinhlanga emhlabeni.Yize lo mzamo ungakaqedwa, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kulethe inani elikhulu labantu abasabalalisa amaBhayibheli, ama-video kaJesu, futhi basungula amasonto abavangeli ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.

Okungabhekwa njengempumelelo yilabo abangaphakathi nangaphandle kwebandla kusukela kulokhu kugxila ezingeni eliphakeme lokubambisana nobungani phakathi kwamasonto namahlelo.Kujwayelekile kakhulu kulabo abasebenza ezinhlakeni zamazwe omhlaba ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokubambisana emizamweni yokwabelana ngomyalezo wabo wevangeli, kodwa babheke umsebenzi wamaqembu abo ngendlela efanayo.Futhi, ngokutadisha okwandisiwe nokuqwashisa kwamaqembu abantu ahlukene, imizamo yemishini yasentshonalanga iye yaba nokuzwela kakhulu kuma-nuances amasiko alabo abaya kubo nalabo abasebenza nabo emzameni.

INigeria, namanye amazwe abe nenani elikhulu labalandeli babo abangamaKristu abaya kwamanye amazwe futhi baqala amasonto.Lezi zithunywa zevangeli ezingezona ezasentshonalanga zivame ukuba nempumelelo engenakuqhathaniswa; ngoba, badinga izinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa zasentshonalanga nokunethezeka ukuze baqhubeke nokuziphilisa ngenkathi benza umsebenzi abawukhethile phakathi kwesiko nabantu abasha.

Omunye wemizamo yokuqala emikhulu yezithunywa zevangeli ngenkathi yamakholoni aseBrithani kwakuyiBaptist Missionary Society, eyasungulwa ngo-1792 njengeParticular Baptist Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Amongst the Heathen.

I-Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) inohlelo olusebenzayo lwezithunywa zevangeli .Izinsizwa eziphakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kuya kwengamashumi amabili nanhlanu ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zizilungiselele ukusebenzela umishini yeminyaka emibili, ezixhasa ngemali, yokuguqula abantu ngokugcwele.Abesifazane abasebasha abafisa ukukhonza njengezithunywa zevangeli bangasebenza beqala eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, unyaka owodwa nohhafu.Imibhangqwana esethathe umhlalaphansi nayo inenketho yokusebenzisa umishini.Abefundisi bavamise ukuchitha amasonto amabili e- Missionary Training Center (noma izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kulabo abafunda ulimi olusha) lapho befunda khona imibhalo engcwele, bafunde izilimi ezintsha lapho kufanele khona, bazilungiselele ukufundisa iVangeli likaJesu Kristu, futhi bafunde kabanzi mayelana isiko nabantu abahlala phakathi kwabo. Kusukela ngoDisemba 2019, iSonto le-LDS belinabathunywa bevangeli besikhathi esigcwele abangaphezu kwama-67,000 emhlabeni wonke nangaphezulu kwama-31,000 Missionaries Service.

##### UMaryknoll
EMontreal ngo-1910, ubaba uJames Anthony Walsh, umpristi waseBoston, wahlangana nobaba uThomas Frederick Price, waseNorth Carolina. Bavumelane ngesidingo sokwakha isikole sokufundela ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsizwa zaseMelika eMishini Yangaphandle.Ukuphikisa izimpikiswano zokuthi iSonto lidinga abasebenzi lapha, uBaba uWalsh noPrice baphikelela ngokuthi iSonto ngeke lichume lize lithumele abavangeli phesheya kwezilwandle. Ngokuzimela, la madoda abebhale kakhulu ngalo mqondo, uBaba Price kumagazini wakhe *iQiniso*, nobaba uWalsh emakhasini e- *A Field Afar*, *okuyisimo sokuqala seMaryknoll Magazine* . Bezuza ukuvunyelwa isigaba sabaphathi baseMelika, laba bapristi ababili baya eRoma ngoJuni 1911 ukuyothola imvume yokugcina kuPope Pius X yokwakhiwa kwe-Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, manje eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi yi-Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers. 

### Ohambweni Islamic

IDawah isho "ukumema" (ngesi-Arabhu, ngokwezwi nezwi "ukubiza") kwi- Islam, okuyinkolo yesibili ngobukhulu nge-1.6&nbsp;amalungu ayizigidigidi.Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-7, lasakazeka ngokushesha lisuka enhlonhlweni yase -Arabia laya kuwo wonke umhlaba ngokunqoba kokuqala kwamaSulumane futhi ngemuva kwalokho kwaba nabahwebi nabahloli bamazwe ngemuva kokushona kukaMuhammad.