open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwebele ezikoleni

Kubalulekile ukuthi izingane sifundiswe ngilimi **lwazo lwebele**, lokhu kusiza ukuthi izingane zikwazi ukuzethemba uma kuza ezifundweni zabo.Ezikoleni eziningi izingane zifundiswa ngesilungu kuzo zonke izifundo lokhu kubangela ukungazethembi nokungaqondisisi kahle okubuzwayo ngolimi lwesingisisi, okwenza ukuthi izingane zingabi nomphumela omuhle okupheleni konyaka.Esikhathini esiningi othisha uma befundisa bayazama ukuthi basebenzise ulimi lwebele kanye nolimi olusetshenziswayo ukufundisa okwenza kubelula ukuthi abafundi baqondisise kahle imibuzo ebuzwayo ngaleso sikhathi. owayenguNgqogqogqoshe wezemfundo wamemezela ngonyaka odlule ukuthi izingane sezizoqala ukufunda ngolimi lwazo kuzo zonke izimfundo kusukela ebange lesine.

## Ukuqeqeshwa kothisha ekufundiseni izifundo ngolimi lwebele

Kufanelekile ukuthi othisha baqeqeshwe njengoba sekuzofundiswa ngolimi lwebele. Amabhodi afana no PanSALB kanye nomnyango wezemfundo kufanele bagqugquzele ukuthi kuqaliswe lokhu ngokushesha ukuze kufezwe amalungelo abafundi.Izifundo ezifana nezibalo kanye nesayensi nazo zizofundiswa ngolimi lwebele, yizona kakhulu okunzima ukuthi abafundi baqondisise ulimi lwesayensi lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi bakwazi ukuqondisisa uma kusetshenziswa ulimo lwebele.ugcizelele ukuthi ilimi olusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokunda nokufundisa kuba wilimi olukhombisa ukuthi ngubani oqophelele amandla ombuso noma ubani ocindezelelekile kunomunye. Lokhu kufanele kubuyekezwe ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokusebenzisa ulumi lwakhe lwebele noma kuphi no inini ngaphandle kwemigomo.

 uveza izingqinamba amazwe aseNingizimu Afrika abhekene nazo uma kubuyekezwa uhlelo lolimi. Bathi uma wazisa ulimi lwakho futhi lukhule lusetshenziswe izizukulwane nezizukulwane kufanele ulwele ukuthi lusetshenziswe.uthi yena ingane ifunda kalula futhi kangcono uma inikwa ithuba lokunda ngolimi lwakhe lwebele esikoleni, ikakhulukazi uma iqaliswa emabangeni aphansi, lokhu kugqugquzela kokusetsghenziswa kolimi kunomthelela kwezimbusazwe.

## Ukubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yezolimi
 ugcizelela ngokuthi inqubomgomo iyina engumgogodla wazo zonke izinto ezithinta ukusetshenziswa kolimi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusemqoka ukuthi ibuyekezwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kuzocaca ukuthi iyahambisana  yini nokushiwoyo ngokusetshenziswa kolimi.Ezikoleni kufanele kuhlale kubuyekezwa inqobomgomo ukuze kwazeke ukuthi ilungele wonke umfundi okhona.

## Izinkomba
Indawo ehlala abafundi baseNyuvesi

**Indawo** ehloniphekile ehlala abafundi kungaba indawo enjenge hostela noma ikhaya elikude nekhaya labo, lapho bezizwa bephephile ngasosonke isikhathi. Inhloso yokwakhiwa kwezindawo lapho abafundi bahlala khona ingoba benzela ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlala duzane nesikolo, ikakhulukazi abafundi baseNyuvesi. Lezi zindawo ezakhelwe abafundi baseNyuvesi zakhiwe duzane nayo, lapho abafundi bakwazi ukufinyelela emagumbini wabo wokufundela behamba ngezinyawo. Zibuye zakhiwe eduzane nezitolo, iningi yalezindlu ziphephile ngoba zinabonogada ababhekile usuku lonke. Enye yezindawo ehlala abafundi esanda kwakhiwa iFountains View.

## I-Fountains View Student Accommodation

I-Fountains View yindawo lapho kuhlala khona abafundi. Le ndawo yakhiwa ngo2023, iqambwa yiqembu lwakwaGrowthpoint. Itholakala edolobheni elikhulu lasePitoli, eNingizimu Africa. Ingenye yezindawo zakwaThrive Student Living. Inikeza izindawo zokuhlala ezihloniphekile ezihambisana nezidingo zabafundi abavela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme ezahlukene. Leli bhilidi litholakala endaweni ephakathi kwezitolo, izindawo zokudla, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo, okwenza kube lula kubafundi ukufinyelela ezidingweni zabo zansuku zonke.

## Izici ezibalulekile

* **Izindawo zokuhlala ezihloniphekile:** Le ndawo inikeza amagumbi okulala wabafundi, indawo yafundi abafuna indawo yokuhlala enokuthula nesimilo.
* **Izinsiza ezihambisana nezidigo zabafundi:** Kutholakala izindawo ezenza kube kulula ukufunda nokusebenza kahle.
* **Izindawo Zokuzijabulisa**: Izindawo zokuzijabulisa ezifana ne-gym, indawo yokudlala, kanye negumbi elinomabonakude zenza kube lula kubafundi ukuzijabulisa nokuphumula.
* **Izinsiza Zokuphepha**: Izinsiza zokuphepha ezifana nonogada abaqapha usuku lonke, kanye namanzi nogesi ezihlala zikhona ngisho zingekho endaweni eduzane nalelibhilidi  ziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthula kwabafundi.

## Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi
Le ndawo inikeza abafundi ithuba lokuhlanganyela nomphakathi, kwenza kube lula ukwabelana ngezinto, ukufunda ndawonye, nokwakha ubungane obuhlala isikhathi eside, njengokuthola abangani.

## Imithombo yolwazi
Ukuthola ukuthula kwimvelo

**Imvelo** inikeza ubuqotho obuya ngokuya buncipha empilweni yesimanje, iletha ukuthula ezindaweni ezinamaqabunga ahuquzelayo kanye nemisindo yezinyoni ezikude. Ukuba ngaphandle kukwenza ufune ukuma , uphefumule kakhulu, futhi uvele ufune nokukhohlwa ngomsebenzi nangokuba matasa. Lezi zenzakalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthula okuyingqayizivele kokuphuma kwelanga phezu kwezintaba, ukuphahlazeka okunesigqi kwamagagasi ogwini, noma ukuzola kwendlela yasehlathini, kusigxilisa kokuthile okujule kakhulu futhi kwakudala kunathi.

## Amandla okupholisa emvelo
Ukuba ngaphandle akugcini nje ngokuthulisa ingqondo, kodwa kuyayelapha. Ukuba sendaweni ezinezihlahla eziluhlaza sekubonisiwe ezifundweni ukuthi kwehlisa ukucindezeleka kuphinde kukhuphule isimo sengqondo sokucabanga. Ungaxhumana nezwe endaweni edinga ubukhona bakho bakho kuphela lapho uhamba ngezinyawo otshanini, ubukela amafu, noma ukuzwa umoya ohelezayo ebusweni bakho. 

Ayikho imisebenzi okufanele igcinwe noma indlela yokuphila okufanele uphile ngayo, kudingeka ubuwena kuphela. Ukuthola ukuthula kwimvelo kufana nokuziklomela. Kungukuthatha isinqumo sokuthatha ikhefu esiphithiphithini qaphela ukuthi ukuzola kuyinto esingabuyela kuyo kunokuba into okufanele siyifune. Ukwanga imvelo, noma kungaba isikhathi esincane noma amahora amaningi, kungasisiza ukuthola ukuthula ubekulokhe kukhona ngaphakathi kithi ngokusikhumbuza indawo yakho kithi. 

## Imithombo yolwazi
Yikuphi ukudla ongakudla okungakunika umdlandla uma ufunda?

Iningi labantu abafundayo kungaba ngabafundi abasesikoleni samabanga aphezulu phecelezi iHigh School noma abafundayo emanyuvesi banezindlela eziningi abazisebenzisayo zokufunda phecelezi ama-Study methods. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuthi bekwazi ukufunda isikhathi eside.Sonke singaqinisekisa iqiniso lokuthi umsoco wehlisela phansi uhlu lwethu olubalulekile lapho sisesimweni esicindezelayo, futhi kithina bafundi lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza lapho simatasa sihlanganisa wonke amanothi.

Singase sizithole sifinyelela iziphuzo ezinikeza amandla, ukudla okulula okunoshukela noma ukudla okugayiwe kakhulu, kodwa ngokudla okulungile, singakwazi ukuthuthukisa impilo yobuchopho bethu, sikhulise ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi sizizwe siphapheme isikhathi eside ngokuphambene nokukhuphuka kwe-ephemeral emandleni akhiqizwa ozakwabo abangenampilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla ngendlela efanele akudingekile ukuba kube nzima!

Ukusheshisa umzimba wakho ngokudla okulula okulungile phakathi nobusuku obude bokufunda kungenza umthelela omkhulu kumazinga akho wamandla, ukugxila, kanye nokukhiqiza kukonke. Ngokukhetha ukudla okulula okugcwele izakhi ezibalulekile njengamaprotheni, amafutha anempilo, kanye ne-fiber, uzokwazi ukuhlala unamandla futhi ugweme ukuphahlazeka okwesabekayo okuvela ezinketho ezingenampilo.

## Ukudla ongakudla?
Ukudla ongakudla kungaba izithelo ezifana nama-apula,ubhanana,amagilebhisi,kanye namajikijolo.Amantongomane nembewu kuwukudla okulula okunomsoco ongakudla uma ufunda. Imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukukhiqiza amafutha omzimba ama-fatty acids amaningi ewanikezayo ngakho-ke iyona ndlela kuphela yokuthola lezi zakhi ekudleni kwethu. Kufakazelwe ukuthi amantongomane nembewu kuthuthukisa inkumbulo, athuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi akusize ucabange ngokushesha. Imigoqo yamandla yenziwe ngezithelo ezonyisiwe kanye namantongomane okungenye yezinto ezisizayo ukuthi uthole amandla.

Nakhu okunye ukudla ongazilungisela kona mangabe uzoba nosuku olude lokufunda.Kungaba lula kakhulu mawungazilumgiselela kona ngaphambi kokufunda.

I-Fibre - imifino kanye nemifino enamaqabunga amnyama, isiza ukubambezela ukugaya ukuze kwakho kukhiphe kancane futhi kugcine ugcwele isikhathi eside.

Amaprotheni - izinhlanzi ezinamafutha amaningi, zinenani elihle lamafutha e-omega-3 kuzo okuyinto enhle empilweni yobuchopho - njenge-tuna entsha, ama-sardines, i-mackerel eqoshiwe. Inkukhu, amaqanda, ubhontshisi, amantongomane kanye nodali kuqukethe amazinga amahle amaprotheni.

Izinhlamvu eziphelele - ama-carbohydrate akhishwa kancane, njengesinkwa se-wholegrain, i-pasta ye-wholemeal, irayisi elinsundu, iphalishi kugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ezinzile.

Uvithamini C - izithelo ezifana namawolintshi, amajikijolo aluhlaza namajikijolo zilungele amasosha akho omzimba nanjengokudla okulula.

## Izinkomba
Usiko LwamaZulu

**Ngaphambi** kombuso wakwaZulu, AmaZulu kuqala aye ngumndeni omkhulu owodwa. Izimpande zombuso wakwazulu waqala kumphakathi wamaNguni, emaphakathini e - Afrika eduze naso Ogwini olusempumalanga. Umbuso wamaZulu wasungulwa ubaba Malandela ngonyaka ka 1709. Yize amaZulu ephila ngaphansi kaHulumeni wentando eningi kodwa anawo amakhosi abo . Inkosi esabusa kulesikhathi inkosi uMisuZulu umntwana kaSenzangakhona ongasekho. Amakhosi aqikelela ukuthi usiko lwamaZulu alufi nokuthi izizukulwana nezi zukulwana ziyazi ngosuko lazo lwamaZulu , Inkosi YakwaZulu iqikele ukuba yeganelwe amakhosikazi amaningi ukuze isibongo sobukhosi sikhule futhi kube khona nenkosi ezogcotshwatshwa uma inkosi ikhothama. Abantu abamaZulu bakhuluma ulimi olwesiZulu oluyingxenye yezilimi eziyishumi nanye ezikhona eNingizimu Afrika. INingizimu Afrika iqukethe abantu abayizigi eziyishumi nanye zabantu abangamaZulu. Iningi lwamaZulu liqamuka futhi sihlala esifundazweni sakwaZulu-Natali. Ulimi lwamaZulu  lusabalele ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zanazwe okubalwa khona iLesotho ,iMalawi , iBotswana kanye ne Swazini. 

## Umlando WamaZulu

AmaZulu adume ngemiciko yabo eyahlukahlukene yesiko. Isibonelo ,Usiko lwamaZulu lubuye lubungaze ukukhuliswa kwentombi. Loluhlobo lomncimbi lwenziwa umndeni uma ufuna kubungaza indodakazi yabo uma iziphathe kwaze kwafika izinga elithile leminyaka ,noma uma   indodakazi isingena esigabeni sokukhula. Esikhathini esiningi lomncimbi wenzelwa uma intombazane isayintombi nto kodwa kweminye imindeni indodakazi yakhona eyenzelwa lomncimbi . Kulomcimbi kuqalwa ngokuthathwa umkhonto komalume emese izimpelesi zigoqa nalo oyobe enzelwa umemulo ,kuyenzeka ukuthi kugoqwe iviki lonke ukuze kufike usuku lomncimbi. Ngosuku lomncimbi intombazane kuqalwe ifakwe umhlwehlwe emese ishiselwa impepho ukuze umncimbi wayo uzo hamba kahle noma ishiselwa ukuyibonga emadlozini ukuziphatha kahle kwayo emese bayicelela okuhle. 

## Inkolo Ne Sintu SamaZulu
Yize AmaZulu anayo inkolelo yobukrestu la bethandaza khona unkulunkulu baphinde baya esontweni kodwa babuye bakholelwe kakhulu emadlozini, la kwesinye isikhathi benza imicimbi ecelwe okhokho, isibonelo, umsebenzi wenkomo , kulo mcimbi kudlinzwa isilwane imvamisa kuloluhlono kusuke kwiyinkomo. Lemncimbi yedlozi yenziwa uma kufunwa ukujabulisa amadlozi noma uma AmaZulu efuna ukushweleza edlozini noma befuna ukubonga idlozi ngenhlanhla enhle . 

Esikhathini samanje kusakhona AmaZulu asakholwelwa ekuphileni impilo yabo ngendlela yesintu, labasakholelwa ekutheni ukusetshenziswa komlingo omnyama ukuze bazelaphe uma begula noma bedlaselwa izifo . Basebenzisa imithi egayiwe , iphinde iphekwe mese iyomiswa kaphambili kokuthi ibe imithi.  AmaZulu akholelwa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni namadlozi wabo lokhu bakwenza ngokushisa impepho emsamu nomabavakashele isangoma esizobahlolela ukuze bakwazi ukukhuluma namadloziwawo.

## Imithombo YoLwazi
Manguzi

## Ulwazi ngeManguzi

**IManguzi**  itholakala enyakatho nekwaZulu-Natali eNingizimu Africa.Itholakala ngaphansi kwamasipala uMhlabuyalingana yakhelene nomncele wase Mozambikhi . Inomhlaba onothile, abantu bakhona baziphilisa ngokutshala noma ukulima.Sithola izithelo ezingajwayelekile kwezinye izindawo ezifana nezinkuhlu, amahlala kanye namaganu. Ngenyanga kaNhlolanja sithola bebungaza umkhosi womaganu uMthiya Marula Festival.Ngomkhosi wamaganu sithola abantu baseManguzi nabasezindaweni ezakhelene nayo  bebungaza lomkhosi ngokuthi becule bedanse bephinde bephuze utshwala bamaganu.EManguzi sithola izindawo zokuncebeleka ezihehayo ziletha abavakashi sibala kuzo iKosi Bay ,Hippo Lodge kanye neNdumo Game Reserve.Kunemvelo enhle enolwandle ezindaweni ezahlukene sithola iBhanga Nek  kanye neKosi Mouth.Ikosi Bay inendawo yokudoba lapho abadobi besebenzisa izicupho ezehlukile kunalezi ezijwayelekile njengokusebenzisa udobo.

## Usiko lwaseManguzi
Emanguzi sithola amathonga aziwa ngomdanso wabo abajwayele ukuwudansa umabejabulile noma kunemcimbi,lomdanso ubizwa ngeKhanimamba.Abantu bakhona banamakhono ahlukahlukene ezandla bakwazi ukwakha ukubaza izinqoko, imfanekiso yabantu kanye neyezilwane.Baphinde benze ubuhlalu bokuhloba nobokuhlobisa ezindlini.Kunesishebo  samakinati esehla esiphundu bajwayele  ukuxuba inyama yenkuku namakinati baphinde bewafake kwisitambu mabethanda angeke usinike esingaboni lapho.Okunye ukudla abakwenzayo izinkuhlu.Uma uzenza uxuba izinkuhlu nobhatata uzibeke endaweni ebandawo.

## Uhlu lwezincwadi ezisebenzile
Kuhle ukubungaza amasiko

Inyanga kaMandulo ikhumbuza abantu **ng[[amasiko]]** abo.

Njengeminyaka yonke amasiko asabungazwa lapha eNingizimu Afrika ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene kulenyanga kaMandulo. Emavikini endlule abafundi kwesinye sezikole banqume ukuthi babungaze imvelaphi yabo ngokuthi baphathe ukudla okuphekiwe emakhaya ukuze bezocobelelana. Labafundi benze lokhu nje ngenxa yokuthi kubungazwa amasiko kuyo lenyanga kaMandulo, lesi senzo sabo senze ukuthi babonisane indlela abathandana ngayo, ikakhulukazi ukubonisana ubumbano kanye nokubaluleka kokuphana.

Ukudla okuhlukahlukene bekungasikho kuphela obekuvelele kulolusuku abebehlangene bebungaza amasiko, indlela ababesike ngayo inqephu bekhombiza ubuhlanga babo, nabanye abavela emazweni angaphandle babemdibi munye bedlile benconsa. Lokhu kugqoka noma ukuhloba ngokobunhlanga kwenze kwaba nenhlokomo enkulu ngoba babefunda futhi bethokozile ukuthi babonane bengafakile imifaniswano yesikole.

Ukubungazwa kwamasiko kubalulekile kakhulu ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasakhula njengoba beyikusasa lesizwe kanti yibo abazoqhuba lezimfundiso nakwisizukulwane esizayo. Ukufunda nokufundisana ngezinhlaka ezahlukene kwenza ukuthi abantu babe nokuzwana okuyisimanga kanti futhi kwakha ubudlelwano obuhle emiphakathini lapho abantu behlala khona. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukuthi abantwana basasenentshisakalo ngokwazi kabanzi ngemvelaphi yabo ukuthi bengakhohlwa ukuthi bavelaphi. 

## '''Izinto ezenziwa uma kubungazwa amasiko'''
Ngalolusuku lokugubha amasiko abantu bayaye bahlangane benze izinto eziningi ezahlukene. Izinto ezenziwayo zihlukene kaningi okubalwa ukudla okumnandi okuphekiwe, inqephu esikwayo ukuze bakhombise ubuhlanga babo, amaculo ayaye ahubwe uma kuhlangenwe, bese kuba imidanso nemigido eyenziwayo. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ubumbano abantu abanalo nendlela abathokoza ngayo, ikakhulukazi kulenyanga. 

## '''Umlando ngalolusuku'''
Njengoba sekuwusuku olubungazwa izwe lonke lakuleli, ngaphambilini kwakuwusuku olwalubaluleke esizweni sakwaZulu ngenxa yokuyhi babebungaza inkosi UShaka. Lolusuku eselibizwa ngosuku lwamasiko lwalubizwa ngokuthi usuku lukashaka lapho isizwe samaZulu sasiya elibeni lakhe KwaDukuza. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukubungaza indlela ahola ngayo isizwe samaZulu, waphinde wahlanganisa izizwe eziningi ngobuchule bakhe. Kwathi emva kokubusa kukahulumeni wentando yeningi isizwe sakwaZulu safuna kushicilwlwe lolusuku njengeholidi kodwa akubanga lula ukuthi lubizwe ngosuku lukashaka kodwa kwavunyelwana ngokuthi lubizwe ngosuku lokubungaza amasiko kuwo wonke umuntu kulelizwe njengoba kunjena kulesisikhathi. 

## '''Imithombo yolwazi'''
Ukubaluleka kwezinsiza zokufundisa

**Izinsiza** zokufundisa zidlala indima enkulu ekufundeni nasekufundiseni. Uma sikhuluma ngezinsiza zokufundisa sikhuluma ngezincwadi, amabhodi, izipensela, izithombe, amakhadi, amashadi namanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa othisha uma befundisa ekilasini ukuze abafundi baqonde. Izinsiza zokufundisa zenza ukuba ukufunda kubelula futhi nabafundi bakuthokozele.  Ukusebezinsa izinsiza zokufundisa kubalulekile ngoba kuhlanganisa bonke abafundi ngokwamazinga abo okuhlakanipha. Abafundi abafani kodwa uma usebenzisa izinsiza zokufundisa uyakwazi ukubona la umfundi ngamunye adinga khona usizo, usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokufundisa ukuze bonke abafundi baqonde. Izinsiza zokufundisa ziyasiza ngoba abafundi bayakwazi ukuthinta, babone, baphinde bazwe, lokhu kwenza ukuba kubelula ukuhlanganisa ulwazi abanalo nabaluthola kuthisha ekilasini. 

## Ukwenza ukufunda kubelula
Izinsiza zokufundisa zenza ukufunda kubelula ngoba abanye abafundi kubanzima ukuba baqonde uma belalela uthisha echaza, abanye kufuna engathi bangayibona into uthisha akhuluma ngayo noma bayifunde into uthisha akhuluma ngayo. Isb. uma uthisha esebenzisa iprojecta ukudlala ividiyo kubalula kwabanye abafundi ngoba bayazibonela futhi bayazizwela lokhu uthisha akhuluma ngakho. Abafundi bayakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa ezabo izinsiza uma uthisha ebhala amanothi ebhodini nabo bayakwazi ukuthi bazibhalele ezincwadini zabo.

## Ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi
Abafundi uma kunezinsiza zokufundisa bayakuthokozela ukufunda. Uma kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezifana namavidiyo, izithombe, kanye nemidlalo yokufunda abafundi bayajabula baphinde bazibandakaye nokufunda. 

## Ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokufundisa
Abafundi banezindlela ezahlukene zofukunda. Abanye bafunda ngokubona, abanye bafunda ngokuzwa, kanti abanye bafunda ngokwenza. Izinsiza zokufundisa zinikeza abafundi ithuba lokuba bathole indlela bona abakwazi ukufunda ngayo. Abafundi abafunda ngokubona bona bakuthola kuncono ukufunda bebona amashadi, izithombe, amagrafu, kanye namavidiyo. Abafundi abafunda ngokuzwa bona bayakwazi ukulalela noma bengaboni, uthisha engafunda incwadi umfundi yena engenayo kodwa lowomfundi uzokwazi ukulalela enze nokulindelekile.

## Uhlu lwezincwadi
Andrei Chemerkin

U-**Andrey Ivanovich Chemerkin** (Russian: **Андрей Иванович Чемеркин**, 17 uFebruwari 1972 – 12 uMandulo 2025) ungumdlali waseRussia ophakamisa izinsimbi. UChemerkin uke wahlabana ngendondo yegolide kuma-Olympics Ehlobo lango-1996, futhi wahlabana ngendondo yethusi kuma-Olympics Ehlobo lango-2000.

## Impumelelo yokuphakamisa izinsimbi
* Uthole indondo yegolide kuma-Olympic Games (1996).
* Indondo yegolide yeWorld Weightlifting Championship izikhathi ezi-4 (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999).
* Indondo yegolide ye-European Weightlifting Championships izikhathi ezi-2 (1994, 1995).
* Setha amarekhodi omhlaba ayi-7 phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe
* 1991 - 1992 umpetha womhlaba omncane wokuphakamisa izinsimbi kanye nomnqobi womqhudelwano waseRussia owaziwa ngokuthi umqhudelwano wamaqhawe amathathu

U-Chemerkin uwine uMqhudelwano Womhlaba Weightlifting wonyaka wenyuvesi ka-2000 kodwa engeyena uMqhudelwano Omkhulu, futhi uzame u-272.5&nbsp;kg (601&nbsp;lb) onzima kunawo wonke owake wawathola kuma-Olympics ka-2000 ayedinga ukuwanqoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umnqobi eziningana Championships Russian. Ngesikhathi ewina iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-1996 wahlwitha u-197.5&nbsp;kg (436&nbsp;lb), walandelwa u-clean and jerk of 260&nbsp;kg (573&nbsp;lb) wafinyelela ku-457.5&nbsp;kg (1010&nbsp).

### Okuphumelela emsebenzini
* Snatch – 202.5&nbsp;kg (446&nbsp;lb) kuma-Olympics Asehlobo ka-2000 
* Ihlanzekile futhi ijeqe – 262.5&nbsp;kg (579&nbsp;lb) 

## Ukufa
U-Andrei Chemerkin ushone uMandulo 12, 2025 eneminyaka engama-53. 

## Imithombo
Lobola

## '''Lobola'''
**Ilobolo** usiko lwakaZulu lapho kusuke kuzocelwa umuntu wesifazane ukuthi abe ngumakoti. Lolu siko lwenziwa kungakashadwa lapho kufika umndeni wakwaMkhwenyana bezokhokha izinkomo emndenini wakwamakoti bezocela isihlobo esihle.

## References
IDumi Mkokstad

.

UMdumiseni Nzimande, waziwa kabanzi ngegama lakhe lasesteji uDumi Mkokstad, ungumculi nomlobi wezingoma waseNingizimu Afrika. Wazalelwa eCabazana, eduze kweNtaba i-Ayliff, futhi wakhulela eKokstad, lapho uthando lwakhe lomculo lwaqala khona eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.  

I-albhamu yakhe ye-studio *I-Calvary*, yakhishwa mhla zingu13 Nhlaba 2020. Yawina i-albhamu yomculo we-Best Traditional Faith kuma awadi aseNingizimu Afrika omculo awesi26.

I-albhamu yesishiyagalolunye ya-Mkokstad The Overflow Gcwala Kimi, yakhululwa mhla zingu 25 Zibandlela 2023. I-albhamu yawina i-Best Traditional Faith Album emkhosini we-29 kuma awadi omculo aseNingizimu Afrika.

UMkokstad wathola izicelo eziningi ze-Best Gospel Album, Best Live Recording, Best Collaboration, Best Male, futhi wathola umlobi wezingoma ze-Bestospel nge- "Vumbelimnandi" ohlelweni lwe-16 lwe-Crown Gospel Music Awards.

## I-discography

### Ama-albhamu asestudio

* *IDumi Mkokstad* (2003) 
* *U-Njivumele* (2004) 
* *I-Hamba Mphefumlo* (2005) 
* *I-Angikamboni* (2006) 
* *Kubo Bonke* (2009) 
* *U-Mibize U-Jesu (2014) *
* *Ukhona Uthixo* (2015) 
* *U-Egameni LikaJesu* (2017) 
* *I-Calvary* (2020) 
* I-Overflow Gcwala Kimi (2022) 

### Imidlalo eyandisiwe

* Izingoma Zomoya Wokudumisa (2021) 

### Njengomculi oholayo

## Izikhombo
AmaCrood

***AmaCrood*** () iyifilimu yamahlaya yaseMelika epopayi ka-2013 ekhiqizwe i-DreamWorks Animation futhi yasatshalaliswa ngabakwa-20th Century Fox. Yayiqondiswa u-Chris Sanders no-Kirk DeMicco. Izihlabani zefilimu u-Nicolas Cage, uEmma Stone, u-Ryan Reynolds, uCatherine Keener, uClark Duke no-Cloris Leachman.

## Ukukhishwa kwezwi
* Emma Stone — Eep Crood
* Nicolas Cage — Grug Crood
* Ryan Reynolds — Guy
* Catherine Keener — Ugga Crood
* Clark Duke — Thunk Crood
* Cloris Leachman — Gran
* Randy Thom — Sandy Crood
* Chris Sanders — Belt

## Imithombo

## Amakhasi amangaphandle
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
UHamu kaNzibe

U**Hamu kaNzibe** (c. 1834-1887) wayeyinduna yamaZulu, umfowabo ngomzali oyedwa futhi imbangi enkulu yenkosi uCetshwayo.

Umbango phakathi kwamadodana enkosi yamaZulu uMpande wawudlangile, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe; waphila kwaze kwaba ngowe-1872. Nakuba uHamu ayeyindodana endala kaMpande, wayengathandwa uyise, futhi owayezothatha isihlalo kwakuzonqunywa indlovukazi eyayizoqokwa njengoNdlunkulu kaMpande. UMpande waqale wathanda uMthonga, wabe eselungiselela uMbuyazi ukuba athathe isihlalo kuye, kodwa ekugcineni wabona ukuthi uCetshwayo ofanelwe isihlalo. Lo mbango waholela eMpini yaseNdondakusuka ngowe-1856 nasekufeni kukaMbuyazi, namanye amadodana kaMpande. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma kungakabiphi, uCetshwayo waba yinkosi *de facto*, yize iNkosi uMpande yaqhubeka nemisebenzi yomkhosi.

Khona-ke indodana kaMpande uMtonga yaziqinisa, kodwa wayizwa intukuthelo kaCetshwayo. Ngo-1861 ngemuva kokuba uCetshwayo eyale ukufa kwabafowabo ngomzali oyedwa, amadodana omkaMpande othandwayo uNomantshali; u-Umtonga wathatha isinyathelo futhi wabalekela enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeZululand, ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zika-1852 no-1854 ezenziwa nguMpande, eyayihlala Amabhunu, ayewazi Isifunda sase-Utrecht. UCetshwayo wanikeza amaBhunu ingxenye eyengeziwe yendawo emngceleni uma benikela ngomfowabo, kodwa benza kanjalo ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi uCetshwayo wayengeke ambulale. UMpande wasayina isitifiketi sokwenza izwe libe ngamaBhunu. Umngcele oseningizimu waleyo ngxenye wawusuka eRorke's Drift eMfuleni iBuffalo uye endaweni yasePongola. I-cairn yasungulwa ngo-1864 ihlukanisa umngcele omusha, kodwa lapho ngo-1865 u-Umtonga ephinda ebaleka eZululand eya eNatal, eCetywayo, ebona ukuthi ulahlekelwe yingxenye yakhe yokuhweba (ngoba wayesaba ukuthi i-Umtona ingasetshenziselwa ukumthatha indawo njengoba uMpande ayesetshenziselwe ukuthatha indawo kaDingane), kwabangela ukuthi i-cairn isuswe. Lokhu kwaba "iZwe Eliphikisanayo" elaholela ngokwengxenye eMpini Yama-Anglo-Zulu.

Ngaphansi komthetho wokulandelana kwamaZulu (*ukuvuza*), uHamu wayeseKosi (inKosi) yabantu baseNzetsheni, ababehlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeZululand, kuhlanganise nangaphambili "eZweni Eliphikisanayo". Njengomdala wayithole njengefa kumalume wakhe uNzibe, indodana endala ISenzangakhona. Wagcina inqaba yakhe eKwaMfemfe.

Phakathi Impi Yombango Yesibili YamaZulu uHamu walwa noCetshwayo. Wahlala eyilungu lomkhandlu wasebukhosini wamaZulu (*IBandla*) kwaze kwaba ngu-1879. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1878, uHamu wavula izingxoxo namaBrithani enethemba lokuthola ukusekelwa kwawo ngokuthatha kwakhe isihlalo sobukhosi samaZulu. NgoMashi 1879, wajoyina amabutho ka-U-Evelyn Wood I-Kambula. Ekuziphindiseleni, uCetshwayo kamuva wathumela ibutho lezempi ukubhubhisa amadolobhana nezinkomo zaseNenetsheni, ngaleyo ndlela wabeka isisekelo seMpi Yombango Yesithathu YamaZulu ka-1883-1884.

* Impi YaseHlobane
Izinsizakubhala

**Izinsizakubhala** igama elisho izinto zokubhala, ezihlanganisa nephepha elisikiwe, izimvilophu, iphepha, amapeni, usiba, amapensela, nezinye izinto zasehhovisi .  Izinto zokubhala zivame ukucacisa izinto okufanele zibhalwe ngesandla ( isb amaphepha) noma izilekeleli ezifana nesishicileli sescikizi.
HLE (umculi)

****U-HLE** Ntombela** (wazalwa mhla zingu-12 kuMbasa ngonyaka we1991), owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi u-HLE, ungumculi wezokholo waseNingizimu Afrika nomlobi wezingoma. Wayekade eyilungu leqembu lezokholo i-Joyous Celebration, futhi njengamanje udlala njengomculi oyedwa.

## Umlando

### Impilo
UNtombela wakhulela eNewcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. Uyise ungumbhishobhi we-Potters House Family Church.

### Umsebenzi
UNtombela waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomculi osekelayo -ka Ntokozo Mbambo. Ngonyaka we 2012, wacelwa ukuba ahole ingoma ne-Joyous Celebration gospel choir, ngemuva kokuba UKhaya Mthethwa ehluleke ukwenza kanjalo ngenxa yokuzibophezela ku-Idol South Africa. Wajoyina ikwaya kamuva.

UNtombela kamuva washiya ikwaya futhi waqala umsebenzi wakhe oyedwa njengo-HLE. Uqophe i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yezokholo, enesihloko esithi Your Kingdom on Earth, ngonyaka we 2019. Ngonyaka ofanayo, wavela ku-albhamu ka Benjamin Dube, i-Glory in His Presence.

Ngonyaka we 2020, u-HLE wakhipha i-single yakhe yokuqala, "Dwala"; yaqala ukuba yinombolo yokuqala kuma-chart e-I-iTunes. Wasungula iphrojekthi, i-HOW Project, egxile enhliziyweni yomkhulekeli. Ngemva kwenyanga, wakhipha ingoma yakhe yesibili yokuqala, "You Are". u-HLE wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala, i-Your Kingdom On Earth (Live).

NgoNtulikazi 1, 2020, uhlelo lwamasonto onke lwe-HLE olunesihloko esithi "Adlib" lwaqala ku-One Gospel, Channel 331, I-DSTv. Kulombukiso, uHle ubamba abaculi be-gospel baseNingizimu Afrika.

### 2022-manje: amaphrojekthi amasha
NgoNhlolanja 17, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi uHle usayine isivumelwano sokurekhoda ne-Motown Gospel ngaphansi kweCapitol Christian Music Group, esekelwe eNashville.

## I-discography
 

### Ama-albhamu

* *Umbuso Wakho Emhlabeni (Ukuphila) *

* "Wena Ukuphila" (Malak Yaweh, 2018) 
* "Dwala (Live) " (YKOE / The T Effect, 2020) 
* "Uyaphila" (YKOE / The T Effect, 2020) 
* "Nguwe (Live) " (YKOE / The T Effect, 2020) 

## Imiklomelo
 

## Izikhombo

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Luyanda Zwane

**U-Luyanda Zwane** owazalwa ngo Nhlolanja mhla ziyisikhombisa( 7), onyakeni ka 2004 ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umgqugquzeli futhi wenza ezika nobuhle phcelezi uya modela. Waziwa kakhulu ngendawo ayilingisayo kuMzansi Wethu telenovela *Sibongile & The Dlaminis* njengoSibongile Mbambo kanye nochungechunge lwedrama ethi *[[Shaka iLembe|Shaka Ilembe]]* ethi Vundlazi.    

## Ekukhuleni kwakhe
UZwane wazalwa mhla ziyisikhombisa(7 )kuNhlolanja onyakeni ka 2004, eThekwini, KwaZulu Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. Unodadewabo oyiwele, uLusanda Zwane.  Ufunde eKingsway High School, lapho aphumelela khona kakhulu kumdlalo weshashalazi futhi waphothula umatikuletsheni ngo-distinction abahlanu. Nakuba engazange aqhubeke nemfundo  ephakeme ngenxa yesicelo soxhaso lwe mali esingaphumelelanga. 

## Umsebenzi
UZwane wabonakala okokuqala kumabonakude ngonyaka ka 2022, edlala umlingisi  okwakuthiwa uLele ochungechungeni lwe-e.tv *[[Durban Gen|i-Durban Gen.]]* Ngonyaka ka 2023, wadlala umlingisi okwakuthiwa uNomonde Gumede ochungechungeni lwe -BET Africa telenovela *Redemption.* Uphinde wabonakala ochungechungeni lwe-Showmax *i-Outlaws* njengoPhumzile kanye nasefilimini emfushane ye-Netflix *i-Miseducation* njengo-Aphiwe Ndima.   

Ngonyaka ka 2024, udlale indawo yokuba umlingisi osemqoka kaSibongile Mbambo kwiSibongile *& The Dlaminis*  nasemdlalweni owuchungechunge kuMzansi Magic *[[Shaka iLembe|uShaka Ilembe]]* edlala indawo kaVundlazi.  Ngalowo nyaka, washiya *uSibongile & The Dlaminis.*  

## Imithombo yolwazi
Luyanda Zuma

**ULuyanda Zuma** (owazalwa ngo-3 Disemba 2001) ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika futhi ungUmnikazi wesikhundla sobuhle owabekwa umqhele wokuqala we-Miss Charm South Africa 2023 futhi wamelela iNingizimu Afrika IVietnam futhi wabekwa oMkhulu 6. 

Wabamba iqhaza ku-Miss South Africa 2022 lapho afakwa khona ku-Top 10 futhi njengamanje ungu-Miss Sud Africa 2025 1st Runner-Up. Ngaphandle kokuba ngumnikazi we- beauty page, udlale indima eyinhloko ochungechungeni oluphawulekayo lwe-''UShaka iLembe'' njengoLiyana kanye nendima eyinhloko ye-Mzansi Magic teen drama Obstruction njengoZenokuhle lapho afinyelela khona ekuqashweni.
UGertrude Shope

**UGertrude Ntiti Shope** OMSS (15 August 1925 - 22 May 2025) wayengumgqugquzeli wezinyunyane zabasebenzi waseNingizimu Afrika futhi engumholi wezombusazwe.

## Impilo kanye nomsebenzi
Wazalelwa eJohannesburg ngomhla ka 15 August 1925, uShope wakhulela futhi wafunda eBulawayo, eNingizimu Rhodesia (manje esiyiZimbabwe). Wasebenza njengothisha ngaphambi kokuba abe yilungu le-African National Congress ngo-1954. Wajoyina umkhankaso wokulwa  nemfundo eyayibizwa iBantu education, esikhundleni salokho waphendukela ekufundiseni ubuciko. Wabe eseba matasa e-Federation of South African Women, futhi okwesikhashana wahola igatsha le-Central Western Jabavu Branch yeqembu labesifazane le-ANC. Wahlala ekudingisweni kusukela ngo-1966 kuya ku-1990, ehola ithimba lezithunywa eMhlanganweni Wezesifazane waseNairobi futhi wasebenzela ku-World Federation of Trade Unions. Kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1971 wayengunobhala kaFlorence Moposho, esiza ekusunguleni ukunyatheliswa kwephephandaba le-Voice of Women. Yena nomyeni wakhe, uMark, bahlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokudingiswa kwakhe, kufaka phakathi kwazo i-Prague, iBotswana, iTanzania, iCzechoslovakia, iZambia, ne-Nigeria. ELusaka wasebenza njengommeleli omkhulu we-African National Congress. Kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-1993 uShope wahola i-African National Congress Women's League. Okhethweni likazwelonke luka-1994 wakhethwa ukuya  ephalamende.

Washada nomyeni wakhe UMark Shope ngo-1957 kwaze kwaba sekufeni komyeni wakhe ngo-1998, owaba nezingane ezintathu naye: isazi sezombangazwe uLyndall kanye namanxusa ezombusazwe uLenin noThaninga.

UShope washona ngomhla ka 22 Meyi 2025, eneminyaka engu-99 ubudala. Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, uCyril Ramaphosa wayala ukuthi amafulegi kazwelonke ehliswe ngesigamu sesigxobo ukumhlonipha.

## Amareferensi
Ukukhethwa kwamagama

**[https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/CD/Computer/IsiZulu%20HL%20P2%20Feb-March%202014%20Memo.pdf?ver=2014-05-15-102646-000 Ukukhethwa]** kwamagama ubuhlakani bembongi ekusebenziseni amagama athile azogqamisa futhi alekelele lokhu efuna ukukuveza ngenkondlo yayo ukuze kugqame indikimba.

## Izinkomba
Isifaniselo sezezibhangqiwe

Isifaniselo sezezibhangqiwe siyisihele sesicikizi esisatshalaliswa kwezentengiselwano esiqukethe umkhiqizo wensizakusakaza efana nengqayi noma icwecwe lomculo. Leli gama liqhathanisa lesi sihele kanye nesifaniselo esiphathekayo sesicikizi (ngokujwayelekile i -DVD, i-Blu-ray, i-Blu-ray 3D, noma i-Ultra HD Blu-ray) okuyisona einokuphuma nesifaniselo sezezibhangqiwe njengengxenye yesishuqulu. Lesi sihele sivumela umthengi wecwecwe ukuthi athole isifaniselo esiyodwa sengqayi esiklamweni sezezibhangqiwe esifana nesicikizi somuntu siqu, uMakhalipha, isicikizi esiyisibhebhe, futhi ayibuke kulezo ziklamo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufinyelela kunsizakusakaza ebonakalayo. "Isifaniselo sezezibhangqiwe" sijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-HD yezezibhangqiwe" (lapho ibhekisela kumgqavo ophezulu  noma isifaniselo sezdezibhangqiwe se-UHD ).

## Ulwangu
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zesifaniselo sezezibhangqiwe. Esokuqala isifaniselo esenziwe kusengaphambili safakwa kundingilizi. Esesibili sidalwe ngokuguquguqukayo kusuka esiqikilini se-DVD ngokwayo. Kuzo zombili izimo umshicileli unquma ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe, izinikino, izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwamalungelo ezezibhangqiwei (DRM) kanye nemingcele yobuchwepheshe esetshenziselwa Isifaniselo Sezibhangqiwe. Izinhlelo zesifaniselo sezibhangqiwe asekelwe kuzihele eziphehlwe ngaphambilini abhengcezeka nezimo kancane ukwedlula izixazululo zokuguqukezela.
Isikhali senuzi

**Isikhali senuzi** siyisiqhumane esithola amandla aso abhubhisayo ekusabeleni kwenuzi, kungaba sekuklewukeni kwenuzi (isiqhumane seChwe) noma inhlanganisela yokusabela okukleweukayo noma ingxubano yenuzi ( isikhali senuzikhoza ), esikhiqiza ukuqhuma kwenuzi . Zombili lezi zinhlobo zeziqhumani zidedela isidlakalasi esikhulu ziseenzisa uTho oluncane uma kuqhathaniswa .

Izikhali zenuzi zineklobo eliphakathi kwamathani ayi-10 ( i- W54 ) namathaniwaka angama-50 e- Tsar Bomba (bheka okulingana ne-TNT ). Ukukloboka ngamathanikhulu aphansi kungacekela phansi izidlavela. Isikhali senuzikhoza esinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-270 singadedela isidlakalasi esilingana namathaniwaka angaphezu kuka-1.2 we-TNT (5.0 PJ ).  Ngaphandle kokuqhuma, imiphumela yezikhali zenuzi ihlanganisa ikhoza elikhulu nemiyonzi ehonyozayo, izivunguvungu zomlilo, ukulephuza kwenuzi eliyonzayo, impithi yenzubawonga, kanye nokucima kwesiluluzeli.

Izikhali zenuzi zokuqala zakhiwa yizwe laseMelika ngokubambisana namaNgisi kanye ne-Canada phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ku- Manhattan Project . Ukukhiqizwa kwazo kudinga inkimbinkimbi enkulu yenzululwazi neyezimboni, ikakhulukazi ukuze kukhiqizwe izithako eziklewukayo, ezisuka kuziwohlozi zenuzi ezinemikhando edludlunga kabusha noma emalungiselelweni okunothisa ishaqantuva . Izikhali zenuzi zisetshenziswe kabili empini, ekuqhumeni kweziqhumani zechwe ngo-1945 eHiroshima naseNagasaki okwabulala abantu abaphakathi kwezi-150,000 nezi-246,000. Ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi, okuhlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi okuqinisekisiwe, kuhlose ukuvimbela impi yenuzi ngosongo lomonakalo ongamukeleki kanye nengozi yokuphembeka kwempi ifike ekuqothulweni yizikhali zenuzi . Umjaho wezikhali zenuzi wokuthola izikhali nezinhlelo zazo zokuzifufutha bekuyingxenye ephawula iMpi Yomshoshaphansi .
Indongoyi

**Indongoyi** noma **uDongoyi** ibizo elingabhekisa kulokhu:

## Inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe

### Isithuthi

* Indongoyi, uhlobo lwesithuthi esiswelabantu, oluyisigaba sezithununu
** Indiza eswelumuntu noma indongoyi endizayo
*** Indiza yempi eswelumuntu
**** Ukugadla ngezindongoyi ePakistani
**** Indongoyi yenkelenkele
**** Indongoyi endwazayo
*** Umjaho wezindongoyi
** Isithuthi esiswelumuntu noma indongoyi yaphansi
** Isithuthi esintwezayo esiswelumuntu noma indongoyi eyisikebhe, indongoyi engumkhumbi, isilulu, umkhumbi oyisithununu, isikebhe esiyisithununu
** Isithuthi sangaphansi kwamanzi esiswelumuntu noma indongoyi yangaphansi kwamanzi, indongoyi etshuzayo
*** Isithuthi esigidingwa ngaphansi kwamanzi

### Umchazampilo

* uDongoyi (inyosi), inyosi yesilisa
IKrasnodar

**IKrasnodar** (isiRashiya: *Краснодар*) yidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eningizimu yeRashiya. Leli dolobha liseduze noMfula iKuban. Lasungulwa ngonyaka we-1793 njengenqaba yamasosha, eyayaziwa ngokuthi **iYekaterinodar** (isiRashiya: *Екатеринодар*). Liyisikhungo esikhulu sokuphatha, sezomnotho, samasiko, sesayensi, semfundo nesemboni. Futhi, iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yezokuthutha kuleli lizwe.

## Ezomnotho
Ezolimo, ukukhiqiza ukudla, ezokwakha nezohwebo yimikhakha esemqoka emnothweni waseKrasnodar. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zikhona izimboni eziningi ezincane nezinkulu eziqhuba umsebenzi wazo kuleli dolobha.

## Igalari

Krasnodar, Russia, near natural colors, Sentinel-2 satellite image 2018-SEP-18.jpg
Триумфальная арка и памятник Святой Екатерине (1).jpg
Медакадемия Краснодар Russia.JPG
View of Krasnodar taken from Kozhevennaya street, 24 2020-04-18-5.jpg
Здание гостиницы централь 03.JPG
Karasunskiy okrug, Krasnodar, Krasnodarskiy kray, Russia - panoramio (27).jpg
2022. Краснодар DSC 9475.jpg
Екатерина Великая. Монумент.JPG


## Imithombo

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
* 
*
Isifungelo

**Isifungelo** (noma incwadi efungelwe) igama elichaza iphumamlonyeni elibhaliwe elenziwe ngokuzithandela umuntu *osondelene naye* noma *umuntu ophikisayo* ngaphansi kwesifungo noma isiqinisekiso phambi komuntu onegunya. Iphumamlonyeni elinjalo lifakazelwa ngobuqiniso besicikicelo somuntu okufungwa phambi kwakhe, njengommeli noma umfungisi. Isifungelo siwuhlobo lwephumamlonyeni elifakazisiwe noma eliqukethe isifakaziso, okusho ukuthi isifungo esenziwa ngaphansi kwesijeziso uma singamanga . Lisebenza njengobufakazi bobuqiniso bayo futhi liyadingeka ekuqulweni kwecala.

## Incasiselo
Isifungelo sivame ukuchazwa njengesimemezelo esibhaliwe noma iphumamlonyeni elifungiswa noma eliqinisekiswa phambi komuntu onegunya lokufingisa. Alikho uhlobo elicacisiwe elijwayelekile lesifungelo, nakuba kwezinye izinqubo isifungelo kufanele sanelise izimfuneko zomthetho noma ezingokomthetho ukuze sibhekwe.  Isifungelo singase sihlanganise,
Ubuhlakani Bezimboni Ezizimele Ne‑Robotics

## Ubuhlakani bezimboni ezizimele nerobhothikisi
**Ubuhlakani bezimboni ezizimele** (Autonomous Industrial Intelligence) buchaza ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa ithekinoloji (Artificial Intelligence, AI) kanye namarobhothikisi (Robotics) akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngaphandle kosizo lwesandla somuntu. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ezimbonini, ezindaweni zokusebenza, nasezindlini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, kuncishiswe umsebenzi oyisiphindi, futhi kwandiswe ukukhiqiza.

#### Izici eziyinhloko (main features)

* Agentic AI (Agentic AI Systems): Lezi zinhlelo ziyakwazi ukuhlela nokwenza imisebenzi eyinqwaba ngaphandle kokuqondiswa njalo ngumuntu. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi lezi zenzo zonga kakhulu ngokwemikhiqizo (resource-efficient), kanti ucwaningo lugxile ekuzilungiseleleni kumadivayisi eselula kanye nezinhlelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kumadivayisi (embedded platforms).
* Edge AI (Edge Computing): Ubuhlakani busebenza ngqo kumadivayisi, hhayi ku-cloud kuphela, futhi buvumela ukucwaninga indawo (sensing-to-action) loops lapho amadivayisi ezwa indawo, acubungule idatha, bese esebenza ngokushesha.
* Amarobhothikisi ahlakaniphile (AI-Powered Robotics): Amarobhothi akwazi ukuzimela futhi akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezingalindelekile. Ukuxhumanisa ama-AI nama-Edge computing kuhlangene ne-Reinforcement Learning(indlela yokufundisa uhlelo lwe-AI ukuthi lenze izinqumo ngendlela efanele ngokusebenzisa umvuzo noma umonakalo) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela

##### Imithelela

* Ukuguqulwa kwabasebenzi: Izinhlelo ezizimele zishintsha indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo, zenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngokuzenzakalelayo.
* Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhungo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Edge AI namarobhothi kulethela izimpendulo ezisheshayo, ukunciphisa i-latency, nokonga amandla.
* Ukuhola nokuziphatha: Ukukhuphuka kobuhlakani obuzimele kuphakama nezinto zokuziphatha, ukuqapha, nokuphepha.
* Ushintsho lokwakha isakhiwo: Izindawo ezihlakaniphile nezimboni ezisebenzisa i-Edge AI namarobhothi zenza ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo nokulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela.

###### Ikusasa

* Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi Kwe-Agentic AI: Njengoba lezimboni ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isoftware yezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi izifake kabanzi, kodwa izinhlelo kumele zibhekane nezinkinga zokuhola nokubaluleka kwebhizinisi
* Amarobhothi anobubanzi obukhulu (Generalist Robotics): Amarobhothi ane-AI ahlukahlukene kulindeleke ukuthi akhule, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini, logistics, nasezindaweni ezihlakaniphile. 
* Ukuzimela okuphephile: Abacwaningi nezinkampani bazogxila ekwakheni ama-AI ahlakaniphile agxile kubantu, athembekile, futhi aphephile ekusebenzeni ndawonye nemishini.

Umthombo wolwazi
Isivoko esibuka umhlaba

**Isivoko esibuka umhlaba** yisivoko esisetshenziselwa noma esiklanyelwe Ukubuka Umhlaba lapho siwuzungeza, kuhlanganisa nezivoko zobuhloli kanye nezinye ezifanayo ezingahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwezempi ezelusa imvelo, Isimo sezulu, Ibalazwe nokunye. Uhlobo oluvame lwezivoko yilezo ezithwebula umhlaba, ezithatha imifanekiso yesivoko, efana nemifanekiso ethathwa emoyeni; ezinye izivoko ezibuka umhlaba ziqhogoya ukuhlonga buqamama ngaphandle kokwakha izithombe, njengasekufihleni komsakazo we-GNSS.

Isehlakalo sokuqala sezivoko esihlonga buqamama kwenziwa emva kokunyakulwa kwesivoko sokuqala, I-Sputnik 1, esakhiwa izwe iSoviet Union ngo-October 4, 1957. I-Sputnik 1 sathumela emuva iziyabizo zomsakazo, osonzululwazi abazisebenzisela ukucwaninga ishambulunga.
Isivoko sokushulubeza

**Isivoko sokushulubeza** noma **isivoko sezobunhloli** siyisivoko sokubuka umhlaba noma isivoko sezokuxhumana esisetshenziswa kwezempi noma kwezobunhloli.

Izinhlobo zokuqala (i.e., ze-Corona neze-Zenith) zazithwebula izithombe, bese zikhipha izimboma ezinezithombe ezizokwehla zibuyele emhlabeni. Izimboma zesivoko i-Corona zazibanjwa zisemoyeni lapho zintweza ngebhamuza. Kamuva, imikhumbimkhathi yayinezinhlelo zezibhangqiwe zokuthwebula izithombe futhi yayithuluza izithombe ngamakhongco omsakazo anyandliwe.

EMelika, ukwaziswa okuningi okutholakala ngezivoko zokushulubeza kusezinhlelweni ezazikhona kwaze kwaba ngu-1972, njengoba lolu lwazi selukhishwe ngenxa yobudala balo. Okunye ukwaziswa mayelana nezinhlelo zangaphambi kwaleso sikhathi kusalokhu kuyimfihlo, futhi kunolwazi oluncane olutholakalayo ngemisebenzi eyalandelayo.

Izithombe ezimbalwa eziphambili zezivoko zokushulubeza ziye zavuleka ngezikhathi ezithile, noma zaputshuzwa, njengasendabeni yezithombe ze-KH-11 ezathunyelwa ku-Jane's Defence Weekly ngo-1984, noma uMongameli wase-US UDonald Trump efaka isithombe esiyimfihlo semiphumela yesivivinyo ezihlukile sesicibazulu sase-Iran's I-safir ngowezi-2019.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane eNingizimu Afrika

**Abesifazane** base Ningizimu Afrika babhekene nobubha olukhulu lapho amanani okuhlukumezeka ngokwemizwa namagama angu- 50%, abahlukumezeka ngokomzimba kubalela kumanani angu- 62.3% lapho kubalwa ukubulawa kanye nokushaywa. Baningi abesifazane abahlukumezekayo bese bengabiki amacala okuhlukumezeka kwimgalo yomthetho ngenxa yokwesaba abahlukumezi babo. 

Abesifazane bahlukunyezwa abathandiweyo babo yingakho abanye babo behluleka ukubika lamacala noma ukuphuma kulobu budlelwano. Imbangela yokuhlukumezeka kwabesifazane ukungalingani kwezomnotho, ukuntuleka, ukukhungathenga kobudoda, utshwala  nezibhamu. Emphakathini wezakhamuzi zakuleli amadoda avame ngokuthi anamandla ngokunangenambandela ngakho-ke umenzi wobudlova uzibona enamandla emndenini bese edala udlame ikakhulukazi uma edle amanzi ampomjwana. Isiyalo sobulili sibuye sibe  imbangela yodlame lapho abesifazane bedlwengulwa amaqoqo amadoda. 

## Izinkomba
Isihlunga (kwezokucikiza)

Kwezokucikiza, **isihlunga** siyihlelo lokulonda uhleloxhumano   olwelusa futhi lulawule isinyokotho sehleloxhumano esiphumayo nesingenayo ngokusekelwe emithethweni yokuphepha echoyekayo.   Isihlunga ngokuvamile sisungula umgoqo phakathi kwehleloxhumano elithenjwayo nehleloxhumano elingathenjwa, elifana noxhakaxholo  noma phakathi kwama -VLAN ambalwa. Isihlunga singachazwa ngokuthi sisekelwe kuhleloxhuano noma sisekelwe kusisingathi.

## Umlando
Igama elithi *isihlunga* lisho into ehlungayo efana nesihlungi, evumela izinto ezifunekayo ukuba zidlule kuyilapho ivimbela ezinye ukuba zingadluli. 

## Izinhlobo zezihlunga
Isikhalala

***''Isikhalala****, yisihlahla esiqhakaza izimbali  sozalo lwama-Protea. Simila [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]].

Ngesibhunu, saziwa ngokuthi ama- .  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;*citation needed''&#x5D;
Amacimbi

**Amacimbi** awumqhinqo womvemvane ovela ezingxenyeni ezifudumele ze-Afrika eseningizimu. Amacimbi angozangqovu abadliwayo, abaziwa ngokuthi *i-mopane worm*, amadora, i-*pigeon moth* noma a*masonja*,   ngokuyinhloko adla amaqabunga omuthi umthole. Amacimbi awumthombo obalulekile wezakhamzimba kwabaningi esifundeni. .
Ithiyela

**Ithiyela** isitshalo esiwuzalo lwasenhlobo saseNingizimu Afrika zenhlau *i-Gnaphalieae* ngaphakathi komndeni we-Asteraceae.

; Imiqhinqo

Okuwukuphela kwemiqhinqo eyaziwayo **uthiye**, otholakala eMpumalanga Kapa, KwaZulu-Natal, eLimpopo, eMpumalanga, nase-Swatini
Intela

**intela** iyinkokhelo yemali ephoqelekile noma elindeleke kumuntu noma umenzo ongokomthetho yinhlangano kahulumeni ukusekela izindleko zikahulumeni kanye nazo zonke Izindleko zomphakathi.
Isithuthi samazuba

**Isithuthi samazuba** yisithuthi esinesilumbamdiki esiphokoziswa  ngokugcwele ngamandla wamazuba, ngokusebenzisa umdwayinga wamazuba noma ngeziphathanzuba ezidlwezwabusha. Izithuthi zamazuba zihlanganisa imigudu eminingi yezokuthutha, efaka phakathi umgwaqo (Izimoto zamazuba, amabhasi wamazuba, amaloli wamazuba kanye nezinqola zomuntu siqu) izithuthi zojantshi (Izitimela zamazuba), Izikebhe zamazuba kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya, izindiza zamazuba (zokubili ezinezimpiko ezigxilile neziphokoziningi) kanye nemikhumbimkhathi yamazuba.

Izithuthi zamazuba zokuqala zavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho iNguqulo yeziMboni yesibili iletha amazuba nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezidikizisi zamazuba ze-DC ne-AC.
Imoto yamazuba

**imoto yamazuba** noma (**imoto kagesi)** iyimoto yabagibeli ephokoziswa isidikizisi samazuba, isebenzisa isidlakalasi samazuba njengomthombo oyinhloko wempokozo. Leli gama livame ukubhekisela emotweni yamazuba eqhazwayo, okuyisithuthi sesiphathanzuba (BEV), esisebenzisa kuphela isidlakalasi esiqoqongwe kuzizuculu zeziphathanzuba eziphakathi, kodwa ngokujwayelekile leli gama lingahlanganisa isithuthi samazuba esiqhazwayo esihlayiziwe  (PHEV) nezinye kuhlanganisa naleso esikwazi ukuguqulaamandla kwamazuba ksuka kwezinye izinto zokubasa ngesiphehli noma isibaseli.
Isigqabhozi

**Isigqabhozi** siwumhlabasiqu ongumgodi noma ukufaxazeka ebusweni bomzulane, ngokuvamile sidalwa yinto egadlaza ubuso bomzulane, noma ubuqhebqhebe besimomhlaba kumzulane. Isigqabhozi sibuye sichazwe ngokuthi: "umgodi omise okwesitsha owakhiwa yintaba-mlilo, ukuqhuma, noma ukugadlaza kwetshemhlaba". Emhlabeni, izigqabhozi "ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wokuqhuma kwentshaba", kuyilapho " izigqabhozi zokugadlazeka kwamatshemhlaba zivamile enyangeni, kodwa ziyivelakancane eMhlabeni".
Isigqabhozi sokugadlazeka

**Isigqabhozi sokugadlazeka** siwukufaxazeka  okubonakala ebusweni bendikimba enqumile esmkhathini okudalwe ukugadlazeka ngesivinino esikhulu kwento encane. Ngokuphambene nezigwabhozi zentshaba, ezibangelwa ukuqhuma noma ukuwohlokela ngaphakathi,  izigqabhozi zokugadlazeka ngokuvamile zinemigodi eshonayo  kunendawo ezungezile.  Izigqabhozi zokugadlazeka zivame ukuba yisiyingi, yize zingase zibe makhophelana noma zingabi namumo ngenxa yezenzakalo ezinjengokudilika komhlaba.
Isigqabhozi sentshaba

**Isigqabhozi sentshaba (**noma **isigqabhozi sentaba-mlilo)** siwukufaxazeka okuyisiyingi  emhlabathini okubangwa ubuqhebeqhebe bentshaba. Ngokuvamile kuwulwangu olumise okwesitsha. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwentshaba, udaka olincibilikisiwe kanye nohowo lwentshaba  kuyaphakama kusuka engosini yodaka engaphansi komhlaba, ngomhubhe, kuze kube yilapho kufika emigodini yesigqabhozi, lapho uhowo luphumela khona luye kumoyambulunga futhi udaka iqhuma njengodaka olushisayo.
Isigqabhozi sokuqhuma

**Isigqabhozi sokuqhuma** uhlobo lwesigqabhozi esakheka lapho umthako waso usakazwa ebusweni bomhlaba ngokuqhuma ukwenzeka ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi komhlaba.

Isigqabhozi sakhiwa ukuqhuma okukhwebukisa futhi kusakaze wonke umthako emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile sibukeka njengesitsha. Uhowo olunomfutho ophakeme namagagasi okushaqeka abanga imidludlungu emithathu enesandla ekwakhekeni kwesigqabhozi:
Isigqabhozi esiyinkimbinkimbi

**Izigqabhozi eziyinkimbinkimbi** ziwuhlobo lwezigqabhozi zokugadlazeka ze-morphology enkulu. Izigqabhozi eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: izigqabhozi ezineganga kanye nezigqabhozi ezinesiyingi esiphezulu Izigqabhozi ezinesiyingi esiphezulu zinobubanzi obukhulu kunezigqabhozi ezinganga futhi zinesiyingi sezintaba eziphakanyisiwe cishe esiyingxenye yobukhulu besiyingiliza, esikhundleni seganga eliphakathi.