I-Adams College

**I-Adams College** iyisikole esinomlando semishini yobuKristu eNingizimu Afrika, esihlotshaniswa ne-United Congregational Church of Southern Africa (UCCSA). Yasungulwa ngonyaka we1853 eManzimtoti indawo yokuhlala  eningizimu yeTheku ngumfundi wevangeli waseMelika. Indawo okuhlala kuyo yaziwa nge -Adams Mission. Abafundi baleli kolishi bahlanganisa oMongameli baseBotswana nase-Uganda, ongqongqoshe abambalwa nabaholi be -African National Congress. Saziwa njengesikole esingokomlando. Sesibizwa nge-Adams School, Amanzimtoti Institute kanye ne-Amanzimtoti Zulu Training School.

## Umlando
Lesi sikole sasungulwa ngonyaka we1853 uMfundisi uDavid Rood, isithunywa sevangeli se-American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Lesi sikole sasisendaweni yomsebenzi **Amanzimtoti** futhi ekuqaleni sasibizwa ngokuthi yi-**I-Amanzimtoti Institute**. URood wafika eNatal ngo-20 Masingana ngonyaka we1848 futhi kamuva wasungula isiteshi se-Ifafa mission. URood wabe esethuthelwa eManzimtoti ngemuva kokushona mhla ziyi 16 kuMandulo ngonyaka we1851 komsunguli womsebenzi uMfundisi u-UNewton Adams, uM.D. Adams wahlonishwa kakhulu futhi ngonyaka we1930 isikole saqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Adams College ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe.

U-Adams wafika ngonyaka we1835 nezinye izithunywa zevangeli ezimbili, kodwa ngemuva kokwenqatshwa yisizwe sakwaThabethe esasiqashe amakhosi endawo avela emindenini eminingi yamaNguni omunye ophawulekayo owayeholwa  yinkosi Utubantuba ukunikela ngezinkomo ababehlele ukusungula izithunywa ezintathu eziphelelisanayo. U-Adams wayekhethe indawo eseningizimu IThekwini lapho asungula khona "isikole somndeni" ezinyangeni ezimbalwa efikile. Isikole sakhanga abantu abadala nezingane. Wasizwa umuntu wokuqala owaguqulwa okuthiwa uMbalasi owayengumfelokazi kaDuze Ka Mnengwa KaKhondlo. WayeyiNhloko yamaMakanya eyabulawa phakathi nezimpi UShaka eshiya uMbalasi ukuze azinakekele. Yena nendodana yakhe uNembula baba yingxenye yomuzi ka-Adams.

Umhlangano ongokomlando wenziwa lapha ngonyaka we1881 lapho uMfundisi UWilliam Cullen Wilcox ecelwa ukuba akhulume nomfundi ongenaye ubaba obizwa ngokuthi UJohn Dube ngokuziphatha kwakhe kabi esikoleni. UJohn wayeyindodana kaMfundisi uJames Dube owayengumfundisi weBandla eNanda. Ngonyaka we1887 uJohn Dube "wamukelwa" yiWilcox futhi wayiswa eMelika ukuyofunda e-I-Oberlin College. UWilcox ekugcineni wanikezwa indondo nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika futhi uDube wavula isikole sakhe, iphephandaba lakhe futhi waba ngumholi wokuqala walokho okwakuzoba yI-African National Congress.

Ngonyaka we1888 uDkt. John Mavuma Nembula, umfundi wase-Adams, wabuyela ekolishi evela eMelika. Wayethunyelwe eMelika ukusiza ekuhumusheni iBhayibheli lamaZulu kodwa wahlala lapho futhi waba udokotela. Wayengumuntu wokuqala omnyama waseNingizimu Afrika owenza lokhu futhi okwesikhashana wafundisa ifiziyoloji ekolishi.

Ngonyaka we1924 UZ.K. Matthews wamiswa njengenhloko yokuqala emnyama ye-Adams College: 78 lapho umshisekeli U-Albert Luthuli wayesenguthisha. Bobabili babekhuthele kwezombusazwe futhi uMatthews kamuva waba yiNxusa laseBotswana e-United Nations kanti uLuthuli wawina uMklomelo Wokuthula kaNobel.

Phakathi konyaka we1933 nonyaka we1945 U-Edgar Brookes wayenguthishanhloko wase-Adams College. Wayesebenza ndawonye no John Dube wase-Ohlange High School  ukufeza izinhloso ezifanayo zokuthuthukisa isimo sabantu bomdabu base-Afrika. Lesi sikole saba ngesinye sezikole ezibaluleke kakhulu zemfundo yabansundu.

Ngonyaka we1945 isikole salahlekelwa u-Edgar Brookes, futhi kwaba isikhathi senxushunxushu nokujeziswa okubi. Ngonyaka we1947 ingxenye enkulu yesikole yashiswa. Uthishanhloko omusha, uJack Grant, umfundi omhlophe, wafika evela eTrinidad ngonyaka we1948 ukuzoqondisa kabusha isikole. Isikole sabhekana nokuphikiswa okungokomthetho okuvela kuhulumeni njengoba Umthetho Wezemfundo WaseBantu uqala ukusebenza. Lesi senzo sidinga ukuthi izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika zilungiselele abafundi abansundu ukuze benze umsebenzi wesikole esiphakeme kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. UGrant nesikole banomuzwa wokuthi lokhu kwakungamukeleki futhi baphikisana ngokuthi kufanele bavunyelwe ukuba bazimele. Kodwa-ke uMongameli wokuqala noMongameli owayekhona we-ANC babeyizisebenzi zesikole futhi iziphathimandla zazikhuthazekile. Bavumela i-Inanda Seminary School eseduze ukuthi isebenze ngaphandle komthetho, kodwa ngonyaka we1956 isikole sabamba inkonzo yokuphawula ukuphela kokusebenza kwaso. Isikole sathengiselwa uhulumeni futhi inhloko yashiya iNingizimu Afrika. Into ebalulekile ukuthi isikole sasingakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi "u-Adams". Lokho ngaleso sikhathi okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphela kwesikole esiholayo kwachazwa owayekade eyilungu labasebenzi UGeorge C. Grant encwadini yakhe, The Liquidation of Adams College.

Lesi sikole saqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yi-Amanzimtoti Zulu Training School njengoba i-Bantu Education Act, ngonyaka we1953 ekugcineni yaqala ukusebenza. I-Bantu Education kwakuwumkhankaso wobandlululo ohlukanisayo futhi owawuklanyelwe ukufundisa izingane ezimnyama indawo yazo ephansi emphakathini. Izifundo zezemfundo azikhuthazwa ngoba lokhu kungavimbela izwe umsebenzi wezandla (omnyama) odingekayo. Igama lesikole laphindela ku- "Adams" lapho imfundo yamaBantu ishiywa.

Ngalesi sikhathi isikole sasinakekelwa kahle ngesikhathi sobandlululo futhi izakhiwo zabhidlizwa. Isikole sidinga umsebenzi othile ukuze sifinyelele impumelelo yaso yangaphambilini kodwa ngonyaka we2007 isikole safinyelela izinga lokuphumelela lamatikuletsheni elingu-93% ngokuhambisana noThulani Khumalo oyinhloko "obuhle bezemfundo".

## Umculo

I-Ohlange High School kanye ne-Adams babehileleke esenzweni sokubuyisela umculo emsukeni wawo wobuzwe. Ukuthuthela endleleni yesiko kwasekelwa ngUJohn Dube owayese-Ohlange noBrookes owayenguthisha-nhloko lapha. U-Esawu Fika Mthethwea owayenguthisha wakha i- "Lucky Stars" ngonyaka we1929 njengeqembu le-vaudeville lobuzwe elivame ukuba nothisha abasebasha abayisishiyagalombili ababeqeqeshwe e-Adams. U-Esawu washona ngonyaka we1933 kodwa abanye bathatha isikhundla futhi ama-Lucky Stars ahamba kulo lonke izwe futhi acishe ahambela eYurophu.

## Ezemidlalo
I-"Shooting Stars" ingelinye lamaqembu omdlalo webhola likanobhutshuzwayo amadala kakhulu endaweni yaseDurban. Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo laqala izikole zezithunywa zevangeli futhi ama-Shooting Stars akwazi ukubekela amaqembu afanayo inselele e-Ifafaza, e-I-Umbumbulu nase-I-Inanda. Wonke la maqembu asungulwa kahle ngonyaka we1902.

## Izikhombo