Umthalakazi

**Umthalakazi** uhlelo lwezinkanyezi, izinsalela zezinkanyezi, uhowo lwenqekei, uthunqathunqa, injelwane, zonke ezihlanganiswe ndawonye umnyondo . Imithalakazi enezinkanyezi ezingaba izigidi eziyi-100, ziyahluka ngobukhulu kusuka kuleyo eyizichwe enezinkanyezi ezingaphansi kwezigidi eziyikhulu, kuya kwimithalakazi emikhulu eyaziwayo – amaqhamelakazi anezinkanyezi ezingaba izaca eziyikhulu *(one hundred trillion)*, ezizungeza umnyombo wesisindo womthalakazi wazo. Ingxenye enkulu yesisindo somthalakazi sakhiwa injelwane *(dark matter)*, kuyilapho ingxenye encane yesisindo ibonakala ngesimo sezinkanyezi nemiqongo. Izigwinqa ezinkulu ziwulwangu oluvamile lweminyombo yemithalakazi.

Kunezinhlobo ezingafani zemithalakazi ezihlelwe ngokubukeka kwazo noma ummumo wazo. Kukhona:

  umthalakazi omakhophelana

* umthalakazi ogoqele
* umthalakazi omfihlimfihli
* umthalakazi ogungubele
* umthalakazi olukutu

Umzilafasimbe uyisibonelo somthalakazi oyingoqela.

## uMsukagama
Elithi *umthalakazi* livela kwelithi *umthala*, elalibhekisela esixhekeni sezinkanyezi, nhengesishomo noma umthende woMzilafasimbe ebusuku. Ngenxa yokuthi umthala kwakuyibizo elijwayelekile lesishomo, ingakho kwajotshelelwa ngesijobelelo 'kazi' ukuthi kucaciswe ukuthi lapha akukhulunywa ngesixheke esikhulu esiyisishomo,Kodwa kukhulunywa ngentilibathwa yezinkanyezi ezedlula isishomo noma umthala. Ingskho kuthiwa umthalakazi.

## Izinhlobo zemithalakazi

Imithalakazi itholakala ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: olumakhophelana, olugoqele, nolumfihlimfihli. Ngokujinji lukaHubble, imithalakazi ichaziswa ngokommomo wayo.

### Omakhophelana

Uhlelo lukaHubble lokujinja ilinganisa imithalakazi emakhophelana ezingeni lobukhophelana, kusuka kunani E0 kuya enanani E7. Lemithalakazi ngokwendalo imise okombhoxo, ayiyona imbulunga ephelele, futhi inoTho oluncane kakhulu lwenqeke. Le mithalakazi inezisheke ezivulekile eziphansi futhi inamazinga aphansi owakheka kwezinkanyezi.

### Ogoqele

Imithalakazi egoqele inenswebu yendingilizi yokudlala. Nakuba izinkanyezi nezinye izithako zato ezibonakalayo eziqukethwe kulomthalakazi zimi okwesicaba, iningi lesisindo lawo lusemqheleni wawo oluyimbulunga yoThonzima olunwebekela lapho lungasabonwa khona.

Imithalakazi egoqele inenkatha endiyazayo yezinkanyezi nothilunqathunqa, kanye nomnyombo oyingqumu yezinkanyezi ezindala.     kusuka engqumeni Kiya phandle, kunezingalo ezikhazimulayo. Ngokohlelo lukaHubble lokujinja, imithalakazi egoqele isohlwini lohlobo *S*, lulandelwe unobumba oyedwa kulaba  (*a*, *b*, or *c*) okukhomba izinga lokukhinyeka kwezingalo kanye nobungako bengqumu.  Ijubane umthalakazi ondiyaza ngalo kucatshangwa ukuthi lihlobene nobucaba benkatha njengoba eminye imithalakazi inengqumu elugqinsi, kuyilapho eminye inengqumu elubunda noma elukhuhle.

#### Umthalakazi ogoqele olukutu
Iningi lemithalakazi egoqele, kuhlanganisa noMzilafasimbe, inezingalo ezilukutu, ezinwebekela ngaphandle emaceleni amabili womntombo. Kuhlelo lukaHubble lokujinja, lemithalakazi inophawu  *SB*, olulandelwa unobumba  (*a*, *b* or *c*) olukhomba uhlobo lwezingalo. Ukutu kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlaka lwesikhashane oluwumphumela wobukhuhle beZa eliyonzela phandle kusuka emnyombweni. Iningi lemithalakazi egoqele elukutu iyaqhebeza, ngenxa yomphumela wohowo olufakwa kusuka emnyombweni.

Umthalakazi wethu, uMzilafasimbe, ungumthalakazi oqogele olukutu omkhulu osandingilizi  

### Ezinye izinhlobo zemithalakzi
* Peculiar galaxy
** Umthalakazi ndandatho *(Ring galaxy)*, omise okwendandatho. 
* Umthalakazi ogungubele unezigubo zemithalakzi ogoqele nomaljophelana.
* Umthalakazi omfihlimfihli imithalakazi enganasimo esicacile. Nearby examples of (dwarf) irregular galaxies include the Magellanic Clouds.{{sfn|Fraknoi et al.|2023|pp=879}

## Amaphathelelo