Intsha yaseNingizimu Afrika

**Intsha yaseNingizimu afrika** ngokwezibalo zonyaka wezi-2024 yakha amaphesenti angama-33 esibalo sabantu bezwe, okusho ukuthi bayizigidi ezingama-21 abantu abasha ezweni. Ngokomthetho, abantu abasha eNingizimu afrika bangabantu abeniminyaka ephakathi kwelishumi nanhlanu kuya kwengamashumi amathathu nane 15-34 . Kusuke kubalwa izigaba ezifana namabhungu, amatshitshi. Izwe laseNingizimu afrika alihlukanga kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka ase-Afrika, njengoba nalo ligcwele abantu abasha.  Lokhu kusho ukuthi izwe linesibalo esanele sabantu abanamandla nabalungele ukusebenza, nokuyinto engathuthukisa umnotho. 

Eminyakeni yobandlululo, abantu abaningi abasha babengasiqedi isikole, ngenxa yokuzibandakanya nomzabalazo: babeboshwa bephonswa emajele akhandelwe abantu abadala. Inqubomgomo yangaleso sikhathi yayingayigqizi qakala intsha yomdabu, nokuyisenzo esanciphisa ikhono layo lokuzibandakanya kwezomnotho, ezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Enkathini yanamuhla, iNqubomgomo yeNtsha kaZwelonke (2009-2014) iyona eqondisa inqubomgomo yentsha ezweni kusukela ngowe-1994, futhi yalandelwa uchunge lwezinye izingubomgomo ezakhandwa ngonyaka we-1996 (Umthetho weNqubomgomo yeNtsha), uHlaka lweNqubomgomo yokuThuthukiswa kweNtsha ngowezi-2000-2007, kanye nexhokoviyane leNqubomgomo yeNtsha kaZwelonke 2008-2013.  

## Kwezemfundo
Namuhla, abantu abasha baseNingizimu afrika bathathwa njengabafundile uma beqhathaniswa netsha eyayikhona ngesikhathi sobandlululo. Abantu abadala namuhla, ngesikhathi besakhula babengenawo amathuba intsha yanamuhla enawo, futhi iningi labo alinayo imfundo ngenxa yemithetho yobandlululo eyabancisha amathuba wokufunda. Ngokweziphumo zoBalobantu likaZwelonke lonyaka wezi-2011, ingamaphesenti angama 40 intsha ephakathi kweminyaka yama-20 - 24 egogode izifundo zebanga leshumi nambili (grade 12);  futhi bangamaphesenti ayithoba (9) kuphela abantu abaneminyaka engama-80 noma ukweqa abagogode ibanga leshumi nambili (grade 12). Ngokwezibalo zabakwa-Statisitics SA, intsha ekwazi ukufunda nokubhala ingamaphesenti angama-95 kuZwelonke. Izibalo zentsha eqhamuka emndenini engathathi entweni zikhuphukile ikakhulu esigabeni sokuqala.

#### Izibhelu zabafundi eSoweto
Ngonyaka we-1974 uMphathi weBantu Education uJ.G Erasmus wakhipha umyalelo owathi kusukela zilunye kuJanuwari we-1975 zonke izifundo zizofundwa ngolimi lwesiBhunu, izifundo ezifana: nezibalo, izifundo zokudandanisa kanye nezifundo zenhlalo kusukela ebangeni lesikhombisa. Isizathu sokuphoqa ukuba kusetshenziswe ulimi lwesiBhunu yingoba lalingasetshenzisa kakhulu abantu anasundu. Abomdabu abaningi  kanye nenhlangano yo thisha eyaziwa nge *African Teachers Association of South Africa* babengambisani nalokhu ngoba isiBhunu sabe saziwa njengolimi lomcindezeli (*"Language of the Oppressor"*) njengoba kwabeka uMbhishobi uDesmond Tutu . 

Mhla zingama-30 kuMashi ngowe-1976 abafundi baseOrlando West Junior School bangenelela umbhikisho owagcina ubhebhethekela kwezinye izikole. Lapha abafundi babebhikishela ukuba bathole impatho efanayo nokuthi bafundiswe ngendlela efanayo nezikole zabamhlophe. Umfundi wasesikoleni i-Morris Isaacson High School, ogama lakhe kunguTeboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, waphakamisa ukuthi kube khona umhlangano mhla zi-13 ukuzokhuluma ukuthi kumele kwenziwe njani ukuze bazwakale. Abafundi babumba ikomidi elaziwa nje *Soweto Students' Representative Council* elahlanginisa umbuthano wama-16 Nhlangulana 1976, okuwusuku okwasuka izibhelu zaseSoweto zabafundi.

#### Umkhankhaso we-Fess must fall

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngo-Oktobha wezi-2015 izinhlaka zabafundi baseNingizimu Afrika ezihlukahlukene, zahlangana ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi '#FeesMustFall', emkhankasweni wokulwisana namanani abizayo ezindleko zemfundo ephakeme kanye nezifanelo zobuqoneli ezazilokhu zichasisa amanyuvesi wakuleli kanye nezemfundo. Kulo mkhankaso, abafundi baqhakambisa indingeko yokuba kuguqulwe futhi kuqonelulwe (*decolonise)* amanyuvesi waseNingizimu Afrika. Abafundi bakhombisa ukuthi uxhaso lakwa-NSFAS lukwazile ukuvula amasango kulabo ababengenayo imali yokufunda, nokuthi uhlelo lokutsheleka abafundi ngemali yokufunda lwalunenhloso yokubenza izigqila zezikweletu futhi bahluleke ukuphuma ebubheni. Lo mbhikisho waphela lapho uhulumeni oholwa uJacob Zuma umemezela ukuthi izindleko zokufunda ngeke zikhuphuke ngonyaka olandelayo, wezi-2016. Kodwa umbhikisho waphinde waqala ngowezi-2016 emva kwesimemezelo sikaNgqongqoshe weMfundo ephakeme uBlade Nzimande, esasithi izindleko zokufunda zizokhuphuka bese zinqundwa ngamaphesenti ayisiphohlongo ngowezi-2017.

## Imithombo