IsiYoruba

**Yoruba** ( /j ɒr ʊ b ə / ;  .Yor **' ; Ajami :  ) ulimi olukhulunywa eNtshonalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeNigeria .Kukhulunywa ngabantu baseYoruba bobuzwe.Inani lezikhulumi zaseYoruba kuthiwa lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-50, kanye nezikhulumi ezingaba yizigidi ezimbili zolimi lwesibili.Njengolimi olunabaningi, kukhulunywa ikakhulu endaweni yezilimi ehlanganisa [[iNigeria]] nemiphakathi emincane efudukile [[Ugu Emhlophe|eCote d'Ivoire]], [[ISiera Liyoni|eSierra Leone]] [[IGambia|naseGambia]] .

Njengolimi oluyinhloko lwesiYoruboid, isiYoruba sihlobene kakhulu nezilimi isi- Itsekiri (esikhulunywa eNiger Delta ) nesi- Igala (esikhulunywa enkabeni yeNigeria). 

== Umlando ==
 
IsiYoruba sihlukaniswa phakathi kwezilimi zase-Edekiri, zona kanye ne- Itsekiri kanye ne- Igala ehlukanisayo ezakha iqembu lezilimi zaseYoruboid ngaphakathi kwegatsha laseVolta – Niger lomndeni waseNiger-Congo.Ubunye bezilimi bomndeni waseNiger –Congo buqala emlandweni ojulile, kulinganiselwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-11000 edlule (ukuphela kwe- Upper Paleolithic ).[[INigeria|ENigeria]] yanamuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezikhulumi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-40 zolimi lwesiYoruba nolwesibili kanye nezinye izigidi zezikhulumi ngaphandle kwaseNigeria, okwenza kube yilona limi olukhulunywa kakhulu e-Afrika ngaphandle kwezwekazi.

== Izinhlobonhlobo ==
Ukuqhubeka kwesigodi saseYoruba uqobo kuqukethe izilimi eziningi.Izilimi ezahlukahlukene zaseYoruba eYorubaland yaseNigeria zingahlukaniswa zibe yizindawo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zolimi lwesifunda: iNyakatho-ntshonalanga, iNortheast, Central, Southwest kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga.Imingcele ecacile ayikwazi ukudonselwa, izindawo ezingamaphethelo ezifunda zesigodi zivame ukufana ngokufana nolimi oluhlangene.

* **I-North-West Yoruba** (NWY)
** I-Egba, Ibadan, Egbado / Yewa, Ọyọ, Western Ogun, Lagos / Eko .
* **I-North-East Yoruba** (NEY)
** Yagba, Owe, Ijumu, Oworo, Gbede, Abunu .
* **Isi-Central Yoruba** (CY)
** Igbomina, Ijesha, Ifẹ, Ekiti, Akurẹ, Ẹfọn .
* **ISouth-East Yoruba** (SEY)
** Ikale, Ilaje, Ondo City, Ọwọ, Idanre, Akoko, Remo, Ijẹbu .
* **ISouth-West Yoruba*' (SWY)
** UKetu, Awori, Sakété, Ifè (Togo), Idasha, Ipokia / Anago .

INorth-West Yoruba ngokomlando iyingxenye yoMbuso wase- ọyọ.Ezilimini ze-NWY, i-Proto-Yoruba velar fricative /ɣ/ ne-labialized voiced velar / gʷ / have been integrated into / w /; onkamisa abaphezulu / ɪ / no / ʊ / bakhuliswa futhi bahlanganiswa no / i / kanye / u /, njengoba nje nozakwabo bamakhala, okuholela ohlelweni lukankamisa ononkamisa abayisikhombisa bomlomo nabathathu.

== Izincwadi ZesiYoruba ==
I-Literary Yoruba, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- *Standard Yoruba*, i- *Yoruba koiné*, ne- *Yoruba ejwayelekile*, iyilungu elihlukile leqoqo lezilimi.Kuyindlela ebhaliwe yolimi, ukuhlukahluka okujwayelekile okufundwa esikoleni nokuthi kukhulunywa ngabafundi bezindaba emsakazweni.I-Yoruba ejwayelekile inomsuka wayo ngawo-1850, lapho uSamuel A. Crowther, umbhishobhi wokuqala wase-Afrika wase-Anglican, eshicilela uhlelo lolimi lwesiYoruba futhi eqala ukuhumusha kwakhe iBhayibheli.Yize ingxenye enkulu isuselwa kuzilimi ze-Ọyọ nezesi- Ibadan, iS Standard Yoruba ifaka izici eziningana ezivela kwezinye izilimi. Ibuye inezici ezithile ezihlukile kuyo, isibonelo, uhlelo lokuvumelana konkamisa olwenziwe lula, kanye nezinhlaka zakwamanye amazwe, ezinjengama- calque avela esiNgisini aqala ekuhumusheni kokuqala kwemisebenzi yenkolo.

== Imisindvo ==
Izakhi ezintathu ezinamalungu ezinhlamvu zesiYoruba ongonkamisa (onkamisa (i-CV), unkamisa yedwa (V), ne-syllabic nasal (N).Njalo nohlamvu uthela omunye amathoni ezintathu: okusezingeni eliphezulu ⟩ maphakathi ⟩ (ngokuvamile kwesokunxele ukumakwa), kanye ongaphakeme ⟩Isigwebo *N O Lo* *(Angiyanga)* sinikeze izibonelo zezindlela zokugcina izinhlobo ezintathu uhlamvu:

* n̄ - [ŋ̄] &#x2014; *Mina*
* ò &#x2014; [ò] - *hhayi* (ukuphika)
* lọ &#x2014; [lɔ̄] - *ukuhamba*

=== Onkamisa ===
I-Yoruba ejwayelekile inonkamisa abayisikhombisa bomlomo nabahlanu. Awekho ama-diphthongs ngesi-Yoruba; ukulandelana konkamisa kubizwa njengezinhlamvu ezihlukene.Izigodi ziyahluka ngenani labokamisa abanalo; bheka ngenhla .


=== Ithoni ===
IsiYoruba siwulimi lwethoni olunamathoni ezingeni ezintathu namathoni amabili noma amathathu entaba.Wonke amalunga kufanele okungenani abe nethoni eyodwa; uhlamvu oluqukethe unkamisa omude lungaba namathoni amabili.Amathoni zibonakala ukusetshenziswa nokugqamisa ahlekise ithoni okusezingeni eliphezulu ⟩ ⟩ kanye nokugqamisa ethuneni ithoni ongaphakeme ⟩ ⟩ maphakathi kuyinto ukumakwa, ngaphandle nasals syllabic lapho kukhonjiswe usebenzisa macron ⟩ ⟩ Izibonelo:

* H: ó bẹ́ [ó bɛ́] 'wagxuma'; síbí [síbí] 'isipuni'
* M: ó bẹ [ó bɛ̄] 'uyaphambili'; ara [āɾā] 'umzimba'
* L: ó bẹ̀ [ó bɛ̀] 'ucela ukuxolelwa'; ọ̀kọ̀ [ɔ̀kɔ̀] 'umkhonto'.

Lapho kufundiswa ukufunda nokubhala kwe-Yoruba, amagama asolfège wamanothi omculo asetshenziselwa ukuqamba amathoni: iphansi is *do*, maphakathi is *re*, futhi iphezulu *mi* . 

=== Imiphumela yamuva kanye nemibhalo enekhodi yekhompyutha ===
IsiYoruba esibhalwayo sifaka amamaki okubhalwa kwempawu angatholakali kukhibhodi ejwayelekile yekhompyutha, edinga ukulungiswa okuthile.Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa kwamachashazi amancane namamaki wethoni akumelwe, imibhalo eminingi yaseYoruba imane iyishiye.U-Asubiaro Toluwase, ephepheni lakhe lowezi-2014,  uveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimpawu kungathinta ukubuyiswa kwemibhalo yaseYoruba yizinjini ezidumile.Ngakho-ke, ukushiywa kwabo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ocwaningweni olwenziwa online.

== Uhlelo lolimi ==
IsiYoruba siwulimi oluzihlukanisa kakhulu. Ukuhleleka kwayo okuyisisekelo kuyisihloko-isenzo-into,  njengaku- *ó nà Adé* 'washaya u-Adé'.Isiqu sesenzo esingenalutho sisho isenzo esigcwalisiwe, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi siphelele; esishubile futhi isici zibonakala izinhlayiya preverbal ezifana *n* 'abangaphelele / samanje okuqhubekayo', *ti* 'esidlule.FddvcasxsUkungabi nalutho *kuvezwa yizinhlayiyana ezingaphambi komlomo k.*Ukwakhiwa kwesenzo okujwayelekile kuvamile, njengakwezinye izilimi eziningi zaseNtshonalanga Afrika .

== Izinombolo ==
IsiYoruba sisebenzisa uhlelo lokubala izinombolo lwe-vigesimal (base-20).

I-Ogún, engama-20, iyibhlokhi eyisisekelo yezinombolo.

U-Ogójì, 40, (Ogún-méjì) = 20 uphindaphindwe ngo-2 (èjì).

Ọgọ́ta, 60, (Ogún-mẹ́ta) = 20 iphindaphindwe ngo-3 (ẹ̀ta).

U-ọgọ́rin, 80, (Ogún-mẹ́rin) = 20 ephindaphindwe ngo-4 (ẹ̀rin).

U-ọgọ́rùn-ún, 100, (Ogún-márùn-ún) = 20 ephindaphindwe ngo-5 (àrún).

16 (Ẹẹ́rìndínlógún) = 4 ngaphansi kuka-20.

17 (Ẹẹ́tàdínlógún) = 3 ngaphansi kuka-20.

18 (Eéjìdínlógún) = 2 ngaphansi kuka-20.

19 (Oókàndínlógún) = 1 ngaphansi kuka-20.

21 (Oókànlélógún) = 1 ukukhuphuka ngama-20.

22 (Eéjìlélógún) = 2 ukukhuphuka kuma-20.

23 (Ẹẹ́tàlélógún) = 3 ukukhuphuka kuma-20.

24 (Ẹẹ́rìnlélógún) = 4 ukukhuphuka kuma-20.

25 (Aárùnlélógún) = 5 ukukhuphuka kuma-20.

=== Amanye amagama okubolekwa ===

* *Sanma* : Izulu noma isibhakabhaka, kusuka ku- 
* *i-alubarika* : isibusiso, kusuka ku- 
* *alumaani* : ingcebo, imali, izinsiza, kusuka ku- 

Phakathi kwamagama ajwayelekile e-Arabhu asetshenziswa eYoruba kukhona amagama ezinsuku ezinjenge- *Atalata* (  ) ngoLwesibili, *Alaruba* (  NgoLwesithathu, u- *Alamisi* (  ) NgoLwesine, *noJimoh* (  , Jumu'ah ) ngoLwesihlanu. I- *Ọjọ'Jimoh* isetshenziswa kahle kakhulu.Kuvame ukubizwa ngegama *elingemnandi'' ngoLwesihlanu, Ẹtì, okusho ukwehluleka, ubuvila, noma ukulahlwa.Ekugcineni, amagama ajwayelekile ezinsuku zeviki athi Àìkú, Ajé, Ìṣẹ́gun, Ọjọ́rú, Ọjọ́bọ, Ẹtì, Àbámẹ́ta, ngeSonto, uMsombuluko, uLwesibili, uLwesithathu, uLwesine, uLwesihlanu, uMgqibelo ngokulandelana.NgoLwesihlanu kuhlala isi-Eti ngolimi lwesiYoruba.

## Izincwadi
 
IsiYoruba sinenqwaba yezincwadi.

### Izincwadi ezikhulunywayo

* U-Odu Ifa
* U-Oriki
* Ewi
* U-Esa
* I-Apara
* Alo
* URara
* Iremoje
* Bolojo
* Ijala
* Ajangbode
* Ijeke

## Amanothi nezinkomba