Imboni yoHlakahlisombulu eShayina

Izimpande zokuthuthukiswa kohlakahlisombulu eShayina zaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 kulandela Izinguquko zezomnotho zikaDeng Xiaoping ezigcizelela inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe njengesiphoqi esikhulu esikhiqizayo ezweni. Izigaba zokuqala zokuthuthuka kohlakahlisombulu eShayina zazihamba kancane futhi zabhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithombo namakhono. Ekuqaleni elaseShayina lalisemthuku kunamazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga ngokuthuthuka kwezohlakahlisombulu. Ucwaninga oluningi laliholwa osonzululwazi ababethole imfundo ephakeme phesheya. Kusukela ngowezi-2006, Uhulumeni waseShayina uye wasungula ngokuqhubekayo ikhwatha likazwelonke lokuthuthukiswa kohlakahlusombulu futhi wavumbuka njengelinye lamazwe aholayo ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni uhlakahlisombulu. Ngowezi-2016, iQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseShayina (CCP) lakhipha uhlelo lwayo leminyaka emihlanu lweshumi nantathu oluveza izinhlosa zokuba ngumholi kwezohlakahlisombulu emhlabenu wonke ngowezi-2030. ElaseShayina kuyimanje libhekwa njengomholi womhlaba kwezobuchwepheshe bohlakahlisombulu kanye neMelika.

UMkhandlu kaHulumeni unohlu "lwamathimba ohlakahlisombulu kazwelonke" kufaka phakathi izinkampani eziyishumi nanhlanu eziseShayina, kufaka phakathi I-Baidu, I-Tencent, I-Alibaba, SenseTime, ne-iFlytek. Inkampani ngayinye kufanele ihole ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wohlakahlisombulu okhethekile eShayina, njengenhlonzabuso, ihlelokusebenza / isigcoyi, kanye nenhlonzaphimbo. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kohlakahlisombulu eShayina kuye kwathinta kakhulu umphakathi waseShayina ezindaweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi kwezenhlalomnotho, kwezempi, kwezenhlakahliso, kanye nezingxenye zezombusazwe. Ukulima, ezokuthutha, izindawo zokuhlala nezinkonzo zokudla, kanye nezokukhiqiza ziyizimboni eziphezulu ezizothintwa ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kohlakahlisombulu. Umkhakha ozimele, izongqalaba zasemanyuvesi, kanye nombutho wezempi kusebenza ngokubambisana ezicini eziningi njengoba kunemingcele embalwa ekhona manje.

Ngowezi-2021, elaseShayina lakhipha uMthetho Wezokuphepha Kwemininingo weaseShayina, umthetho wayo wokuqala kazwelonke obhekana nokukhathazeka kwezokucondoza okuhlobene nohlakahlisombulu. Ngo-Okthoba wezi-2022, uhulumeni waseMelika wamemezela uchungechunge lokulawula ukuthekela amanye amazwe kanye nemikhawulo yokuhweba ehloselwe ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kwelaseShayina kumazubela esicikizi aphambili wezinhlelo zohlakahlisombulu. Ngowezi-2023, i-Cyberspace Administration yaseShayina yakhipha iziqondiso ezidinga ukuthi sonke isiqikili sohlakahlisombulu sisekele Umbono we-CCP kufaka phakathi izimfundiso eziwumnyombo weCosulelwano, kugwenywe ubandlululo, kuhlonishwe amalungelo UBuciko bomqondo, futhi kuvikelwe imininingo yomsebenzisi. Ngowezi-2025, uhulumeni waseShayina wakhipha incwadi ephathelene nokuqeqesha imininingo, edinga ukuthi izinkampani zisebenzise imininingo emincane kakhulu ebhekwa "njengengaphephile" ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nokufuna ukuthi izinkampani zihlole izinongo njalo.

Kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukukhathazeka ngemithelela ngezinhlelo zokuvinjelwa zikahulumeni waseShayina ekuthuthukisweni kohlakahlisombulu oluphehlayo kanye nokuthola abanesiphiwo isikhathi eside esimeni sabantu bezwe. Abanye baphawule ukuthi imibono esemthethweni yokuphepha kohlakahlisombulu idinga ukulandela izinto eziza kuqala ze-CCP futhi iphikisana nezindinganiso emiphakathini yentando yeningi futhi iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokwandiswa kwesimiso saseShayina sendlozabukhoma nokuvimbela ngaphesheya.