Ali Khamenei

**U-Ali Hosseini Khamenei** (19 April 1939 - 28 February 2026) wayengusombusazwe wase-Irani futhi engumfundisi wamaShia owayekhonza njengomholi wesibili ophakeme wase-Iran kusukela ngowe-1989 kwaze kwaba yilapho ebulawa empini yase-Iran yowezi-2026. Ngaphambilini wayengumongameli wesithathu wase-Iran kusukela ngowe-1981 kuya kowe-1989. Wayenesiqu esithi -*Ayatollah*, futhi ihlandla lakhe njengomholi ophakeme, lihlanganisa iminyaka engama-36 nezinyanga eziyisithupha, lamenza waba yinhloko yombuso owakhonza isikhathi eside ENtshonalanga Asia ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe.

Wazalelwa , eMashhad emndenini wakwaKhamenei, wafunda esikoleno esiyi hawza khoba lapho, kamuva wahlala e-Qom ngowe-1958, lapho ayefunda khona emakilasini kaRuhollah Khomeini. UKhamenei wabandakanyeka ekumelaneni noShah uMohammad Reza Pahlavi, futhi waboshwa izikhathi eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokudingiswa iminyaka emithathu nguhulumeni kaPahlavi. UKhamenei wayengumuntu ovelele ekuvukeleni kwase-Iran, futhi ngemva kokuphumelela kwayo, wabamba izikhundla eziningi kuMbusobala wobuSulumane  owawusanda kumiswa. Ngemva kokuvukela, wayeyingcwimbi yemizami yokumsoconga okwenza ingalo yakhe yesokudla ikhubazeke. UKhamenei wakhonza njengomongameli wesithathu wase-Irani kusukela ngowe-1981 kuya kowe-1989 ngesikhathi seMpi ye-Irani-ne-Iraqi, lapho akha khona ubudlelwano obuseduze ne-noMbutho Ovikela weNguqulambuso wobuSulumane (IRGC). Ngemuva kokushona kanye nomngcwabo kaRuhollah Khomeini ngowe-1989, uKhamenei wakhethwa nguMgwamanda Wongoti njengomholi ophakeme. Phakathi nezingxoxo, uKhamenei wazwakalisa ukungabaza ngeziqu zakhe ezingokwenkolo nokufaneleka kwakhe leso sikhundla, njengoba ayengumfundisi wesikhundla esiphakathi futhi engahlangabezani nezimfuneko zomthetho-sisekelo ze-marja'. Umthethosisekelo wachibiyelwa kamuva ukuze kususwe leyo mfuneko, futhi uMgwamanda waphinde waqinisekisa ubuholi bakhe kamuva ngalowo nyaka.

Njengomholi ophakeme, uKhamenei wasekela uhlelo lwenuzi lase-Irani lokusetshenziswa izakhamuzi ngenkathi ekhipha I-fatwa evimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali zembubhiso. UKhamenei wayesekela ukuthengiswa kwezimboni zikahulumeni futhi, esebezisa amafutha nohowo, waguqula elaseIrani laba "umbuso mkhulu wesidlakalasi". Inqubomgomo yakhe yamazwe yayigxile kubuSulumani bamaShia nasekuthekeliseni iNguqambiso yaseIrani. UKhamenei waba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-IRGC, wayiguqula yaba ithuluzi eliyinhloko lolawulo ekhaya nethonya esifundeni. Ngaphansi kukaKhamenei, i-Irani yasekela umfelandawonye  "Umbimbi Lomzabalazo" empini yombango yaseSyria, eMpini yase-Iraq, empini yomphakathi yaseYemeni, Impi yaseGaza, kanye naseRussia ngesikhathi sempi yaseRussia neUkraine. Njengomgxeki oqinile ka-Israeli kanye nobuziyoni, uKhamenei wasekela AmaPalestini empini ye-Israel nePalestine; inkulumo yakhe yayihlanganisa izimemezelo zokubhujiswa kuka-Israel kanye namagama amelene nobuziyoni.. Ngaphansi kukaKhamenei, elaseIrani lalihileleke ezimpini zamaphimi nelase-Israel  neSaudi Arabiya. Ngowezi-2025 nangowezi-2026, ukungezwani nelase-Israeli neMelika kwaphendula impi yezinsuku eziyishumi nambili kanye ingxabano eqhubekayo, lapho uKhamenei abulawa khona. UMgwamanda Wezingxweti wakhetha indodana yakhe UMojtaba njengolandelayo esikhundleni ngoMashi 8.

U-Khamenei, owaziwa njengomuntu onamandla, wahlukanisa amaqembu angakwesokunxele, abefundisi abalinganiselayo, kanye nabaphikisi bezombusazwe, kuyilapho ngezinye izikhathi elula imingcele lapho ukuzinza noma ukufaneleka kombuso kusongelwa. Ubuholi bakhe babuhlobene kakhulu nokwanda kombutho wezempi wombuso nokuqoqelwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwehhovisi loMholi Ophakeme. Abagxeki bakhe bamchaza njengomuntu ongumashiqela obhekene nokucindezela kwezombusazwe, ubudlova obuvunyelwe nguhulumeni nokunye ukungabi nabulungisa. Izintatheli, izishoshovu, nabanye abantu bashushiswa ngezenzo ezihlanganisa ukuthuka umholi ophakeme, ngezinye izikhathi kanye nAmacala okuhlambalaza, nezinhlawulo ezisukela ekuboshweni kuya ekujezisweni ngokomzimba. Kwaba nemibhikisho eminingi ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, kufaka phakathi i-1999, 2009, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2022-2023, ne-2025-26.