INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika

iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika (isiNgisi: *Constitutional Court of South Africa*, ngokufushane: i-CC) iyinkantolo lokuqala ngezinga legatsha lobulungiswa likaHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Liyinkantolo lokugcina lapho amacala ngadluliswa khona mayelana umthethosisekelo futhi amacala amayelana nomayiphi indaba angadluliswa khona eNingizimu Afrika yonke jikelele. Lenkantolo ihlala edolobheli laseGoli. Lisungulwe ngezi-1994, ngoMthethosisekelo wesikhashane. Kodwa waqhubeka ukusebenza makushayiwa Umthethosisekelo wangempela ngezi-1996. Ngenxa yokushayiwa koMthetho wePhalamende wesi-10 wezi-2013 weziNkantolo ezingaPhezulu, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo indlule iNkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala ngamandla. Inhloko yeNkantolo iyiJaji eliPhakeme, uMandisa Maya.

## Umlando

Esikhathini sokusungulwa kweNyunyane YaseNingizimu Afrika, inkatolo eyayingaphezu kwezinye izinkantolo ezweni kwakuyi Ntantolo ePhakeme YaseNingizimu Afrika eyayinezigaba ezinhlanu: izigaba zezifundazwe ezine nesigaba sokudlulisa amacala. Esikhathini esandlula, abantu bomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika nabanye abantu ekuthiwa bansundu baphucwe amalungelo nesithunzi sabo ngenxa yohlelo lobandlululo olwahlukanisa abantu ngemihlanga ngenxa yobala lwesikhumba. Inhlangano Khongolose Yabomdabu kaZwelonke YaseNingizimu Afrika eyasungulwa ngu-John Langalibalele Dube nabanye ngomhlaka-8 zikaMasingana ngezi-1912, olwaguqula igama ukubayi-Nhlangano Khongolose Yama-Afrika ngezi-1923, yayishwelezela bese yalwela amalungelo, ubulinganiswa nobulungiswa kwabansundu njengezakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika kufikela ukuketulwa kweNhlangano yamaBhunu ngomhlaka-27 zikaMbasa ngezi-1994.

Amabhunu namaNgisi aqambe uhlelo lokuthi iPhalamende yayingaphezulu kwezinto nemibango yonke ukuze ikhone ukushaya noma muphi umthetho noma loyomthetho ungalunganga noma lowomthetho ukhohlakele kangakanani. Lobungabi nemiyalelo okubusa ngobuqondile kwakuyona into eyalwenza ukuthi kubelula ukuthi inzondo eyiphehlwa izimfundiso nezimiso zombuso wobandlululo ebalungwini ungavimbeki yilaba balelohlanga ebalusola futhi baluphikisa. Ububi nokwesabeka balohlelo babukhulu kangangokuthi Izizwe Ezihlangene zilufulathele ziphinde zimemeza ukuthi kungubugebengu obuthuka ubuntu emhlabeni wonke olungaphinde luvumeke ukuthi lwenzeke futhi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iPhalamende ngeke ikwazi ukuzenzela nokuthi abansundu bangaphindiseli abelungu ngokubajezisa ngasemuva kokuphela kwombuso wobandlululo, iNhlangano yamaBhunu neNhlangano Khongolose Yama-Afrika zavumelana ukuthi kubenoMthethosisekelo olulondoloza amalungelo abansundu nabelungu futhi oluletha ubulinganiswa ngaphakathi kwabo. Kungakho iPhalamende yaseyayishaya uMthethosisekelo Wesikhashane owasungula inkantolo ekwazi ukugxila ezindabeni ezibhekane nomthethosisekelo ukuze amalungelo wabantu bonke alondolozwe. UMthethosisekelo owayewashaywa ngezi-1996, uyigcinile iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. Ngezi-2013, leNkantolo yazinikeza amandla okuhlola nokuhlulela noma yiphi indaba edluliswe kuyo noma ingaqondananga nqo nomthethosisekelo. Lokukwamiswa futhi kwagcizelelwa ngokushaywa koMthetho wesi-10 wezi-2013 weziNkantolo ezingaPhezulu owayenza lenkantolo ukuthi ibeyinkantolo ephezulu kwazonke izinkantolo ezweni.

## Imithombo efundiwe