open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
INzululwazi yeMininingo

**INzululwazi yeMininingo** iwumkhakha wakwaNgqobdonkulu ovubuqeqesho  olusebenzisa izibalomininingo, ukucikiza kwenzululwazi, indlelasu yenzululwazi, imidludlungu, imikholezima nezimiso zokugqoba ulwazi nemininingo engahleliwe. 

INzululwazi yeMininingo ibuye ididiyele isidlangala solwazi kusuka kwezinye izidlangala ezikhona (isb. inzululwazi yemvelo, Ubuchwepheshe boKwaziswa, nezokwelapha). Inzululwazi yeMininingo iminxaminingi futhi ingachaziswa njengenzululwazi, isifaniselo socwaningo, uqeqesho, nobungcwepheshi.

INzululwazi yeMininingo "iyisicabango sokubumba izibalomininingo, isihlaziyo semininingo, kanye nemikhakha ehlobene "ukuze kuqondwe futhi kuhlaziyeke izimongotho zangempela" ngokusebenzisa imininingo. Isebenzisa ubuchule nemibono emonculwe emikhakheni eminingi esemongweni womchazazibalo, izibalomininingo, inzululwazi yesicikizi, iNzululwazi yoKwaziswa, kanye nesidlangala solwazi. Nokho, inzululwazi yemininingo ihlukile kunenzulululwazi yesiCikizi nenzululwazi yokwaziswa. Owahlomula ngoMhlumulo kaTuring, uJim Gray wakhanyanga inzululwazi yemininingo "njengesifaniselo sesine" senzululwazi, futhi manje wagomela ngokuthi "yonke into ephathelene nenzululwazi isiyaguquka ngenxa yegalelo lobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa nozamcolo wemininingo.

**uSomniningo** uyingcwepheshi ekhanda umkitizo wokuhlelelisa bese iwuxubanisa nolwazi lwezibalomniningo ukuze adale ubuhlakani ngemininingo.

## Izisekelo
Inzululwazi yemininingo iwumkhakha ovubuqeqesho ohlozinge kakhulu ekumonculeni ulwazi okuvela emaqoqeni eminingi amakhulu nokusebenzisa lolo lwazi oluvela emininingweni ukuxazulula izinkinga kwezinye izidlangala. Lo mkhakha uhlanganisa ukulungiselela imininingo ukuba ihlaziywe, ukubumba izinkinga zenzululwazi yemininingo, nokufingqa okufunyenwe.

## Imithombo
I-hyaluronic acid

**I-Hyaluronic acid** (/ˌhaɪ.əljʊəˈrɒnɪk/; i-HA efushanisiwe; i-conjugate base hyaluronate), ebizwa nangokuthi **i-hyaluronan**, iyi-anionic, i-non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan esakazeke kabanzi kuzo zonke izicubu zokuxhuma, i-epithelial, ne-neural. Iyingqayizivele phakathi kwama-glycosaminoglycans njengoba ingena-sulfated, ibunjwa emthonjeni we-plasma esikhundleni somshini we-Golgi, futhi ingaba nkulu kakhulu: i-HA yesintu ihlanganisa ama-Da ayizigidi ezingu-7 nge-molecule, noma ama-monomer e-disaccharide angaba ngu-20,000. Kuyilapho eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngama-Da ayi ayizigidi ezingu-3.4.

Umuntu ovamile ongamakhilogremu angu-70 (150 lb) unamagremu angaba ngu-15 e-hyaluronan emzimbeni, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo iphendulwa (okungukuthi, ihlakazekile futhi yenziwe) ngosuku.

Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-extracellular matrix, i-Hyaluronic acid inikela kakhulu ekwandeni nasekuthutheni kwamangqamuzana. Ithuthukisa indlela yokunikeza amalutha, iqiniso nokuvumela ukubambisana kwamahlaya. Njengexenye yeqembu le-streptococcal extracellular capsule, i-Hyaluronic acid ihilelekile kakhulu futhi ikhuthaza indlela yokukhula kwezimila eziningi ezimbi. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Hyaluronic acid idlala indima ebuthuthukiseni amalutha.

## Umlando
I-Hyaluronic acid yatholakala okokuqala nguKarl Meyer noJohn Palmer ngo-1934 emzimbeni we-vitreous emehlweni enkomo. Umkhiqizo wokuqala we-hyaluronan biomedical, i-Healon, wasungulwa ngawo-1970 nawo-1980 yi-Pharmacia, futhi wavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo (okungukuthi, ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ukuhlinziwa kwe-glaucoma, kanye nokuhlinzwa kokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal). Ezinye izinkampani ze-biomedical nazo zikhiqiza izinhlobo ze-hyaluronan zokuhlinzwa kwe-ophthalmic.

I-hyaluronic acid engokwemvelo inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila (okuboniswe konogwaja) ngakho-ke izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ziye zasetshenziswa ukwelula ubude beketanga nokuqinisa i-molecule ukuze isetshenziswe kwezokwelapha. Ukungeniswa kwe-cross-links esekelwe kumaprotheni, ukungeniswa kwama-molecule ahlanzayo akhululekile njenge-sorbitol, kanye nokusimama okuncane kwamaketanga e-HA ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali afana ne-NASHA (i-non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid) zonke izindlela ezisetshenziselwe ukulondoloza ukuphila kwayo.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, ukufakelwa kwe-intraocular lens kwakuvame ukulandelwa yi-corneal edema embi, ngenxa yokulimala kwe-endothelial cell ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kwaba sobala ukuthi kwakudingeka i-lubricant enamathelayo, ecacile, ye-physiologic ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlakazeka okunjalo kwamangqamuzana e-endothelial.

Igama elithi "hyaluronan" liphinde lisetshenziselwe usawoti.

## Izikhombo

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

* Amakhodi e-ATC: D03AX05 (WHO), M09AX01 (WHO), R01AX09 (WHO), S01KA01 (WHO)
* Hyaluronan at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Izithombe zomshado

Ukuthwebula **izithombe zomshado** kuwumkhakha wokuthwebula izigxile kakhulu ekuthwebula izenzakalo nemisebenzi ehlobene nemishado. Kungase kufake ezinye izinhlobo zokuthwebula izithombe zombhangqwana ngaphambi kosuku lomshado olusemthethweni, njengohlelo lwesivumelwano sangaphambi komshado (izithombe kamuva zisetshenziselwa izimemo zomshado wombhangqwana). Ngosuku lomshado, umthwebuli wezithombe uzonikeza izithombe kanye nezithombe ze-documentary ukufakazela izenzakalo ezahlukahlukene zomshado nemikhuba kulo lonke usuku lomshado

## Umlando
Ngokwemibono yakho, umkhuba wokuthwebula izithombe yomshado wathinta indlela futhi wakhula kusukela ekusungulweni kohlobo lobuciko bokuthwebela izithombe ngo-1826 nguJoseph Nicéphore Niépce. Kuzosweleka ukuthi isithombe sokuqala esiqoshwe kwi-14 ngemuva kweqiniso, seliboniswa kakhulu njengomdlali wekhamera yomshado ka-1840 uNdlovukazi Victoria nePrince Albert. Kepha kwesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe ekuqaleni, abathwebuli abaningi abakwazi ukuthatha izithombe zomshado ezivamile ngaphansi kwenkonzo. Ngaphambi kwekhulu le-19, abantu abaningi abangathathi izithombe zomshado ngokomthetho ngesikhathi somshado. Ngakho, abathwebuli abasebenzisa isithombe esivamile babekhangisa izingubo zabo ezingcono kakhulu phambi noma ngemuva komshado. Ngakuphela kwawo-1860, abathwebuli abaningi bayathatha izithombe ngokusebenzisa izingubo zomshado noma izindlela ezinye, ekubeni bavumela umthwebuli wezithombe ukuthi aqophe umshado wangempela uqobo. *(Bheka i-gallery emshadweni kaWhite.)* and the photographs often use saturated colors.

Ngenxa yesimo semishini emikhulu nezinkinga zokukhanyisa, ukuthatha izithombe zomshado kwakuwumkhuba we-studio ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bathuthuka, kodwa imibhangqwana eminingi yayisahlala ithwebula isithombe esisodwa somshado. Ama-albhamu omshado aqala ukujwayelekile ngawo-1880, futhi umthwebuli wezithombe ngezinye izikhathi wayefaka idili lomshado ezithombeni. Ngokuvamile izipho zomshado zazibekwa futhi zibhalwe ezithombeni.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izithombe ezinombala zaqala ukutholakala, kodwa zazingathembekile futhi zibize, ngakho izithombe eziningi zomshado zazisenziwa ngamnyama nomhlophe. Umqondo wokuthatha "isenzakalo" somshado wavela ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-film roll kanye namasu okukhanya athuthukisiwe atholakalayo ngokusungulwa kwe-flash bulb, abathwebuli bezithombe babevame ukuvela emshadweni futhi bazame ukuthengisa izithombe kamuva. Naphezu kwezithombe zokuqala ezisezingeni eliphansi ezazivame ukuvela, umncintiswano waphoqelela abathwebuli bezithombe be-studio ukuba baqale ukusebenza endaweni.

Ekuqaleni, abathwebuli bezithombe abaqeqeshiwe bangaletha imishini eminingi enkulu, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ikhono labo lokuqopha sonke isenzakalo. Ngisho nezithombe "eziqondile" zazivame ukubekwa ngemuva komkhosi. Ngawo-1970, indlela yesimanje yokuqopha yonke isenzakalo somshado yaqala ukuguquka yaba umkhuba njengoba sikwazi namuhla, kufaka phakathi isitayela sokuthwebula izithombe se-"Documentary photography". [citation needed]

## Izikhombo

## Ukufunda okwengeziwe
*

*
Ukuthonza

**Ukuthonza** ubuchule obenza ukuhamba kwemisebe kuqoshwe ngenhloso yokuphinde kwakhiwe kamuva. Ukthonza kwaziwa kangcono njengendlelasu yokuphehla izithombe zangempela zemiyinge emithathu, kodwa kusetshenziswa nakwezinye izinto ezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesimiselo, kuyinto elula ukuba kukhandwe isithonza nganoma yiliphi uhlobo lwamaza.               

**Isithonza** senziwa ngokubeka imisebe yesibili phezu kwemisebe yokuqala, ngokwenza lokho kuphehleka isifaniselo somphazamo esiqoshwa kwinsizakuxhamana yoqobo. Lapho imisebe yesibili iqala ukukhanyisa isifaniselo somphazamo, uyahlakazeka ukuze kwakheke kabusha imisebe yendabuko. Izithonza zingaphehlwa nangesiCikizi ngokunonga imisebe yomibili bese ihlanganiswa ngokwezezibhangqiwe. Isithombe sezezibhangqiwe esizokwakheka lapho sizoshicilelwa kwifilimu bese sikhanyiswa umthombo ofanele ukuze kwakheke kabusha imisebe yokuqala.
Iqembu lebhola lezinyawo likazwelonke lase-Vietnam

**Iqembu lebhola lezinyawo likazwelonke lase-Vietnam** yiqembu lebhola lezinyawo labesilisa elimele iVietnam eliqhudelana emiqhudelwaneni yebhola lezinyawo yamazwe ngamazwe, ephethwe yi-Vietnam Football Federation (VFF). Iqembu njengamanje likleliswe endaweni yama-96 emhlabeni, indawo ye-17 e-Asia kanye neyesi-2 eSoutheast Asia (ngemuva kwe-Australia). 

Ibhola lalilandela amaFrance abethulwa eVietnam ngo-19 ku-19. Kodwa, ngenxa yezingxabano eziningi ezazenzeka ezweni phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwebhola laseVietnam kwaphazamiseka kakhulu. Ngenkathi iVietnam yahlukaniswa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zokubuthana amasosha eNyakatho naseNingizimu ngo-1954, amaqembu esizwe amabili ayekhona futhi omabili ayephethwe futhi eqhutshwa yizindikimba ezibusayo ezihlukene ezivela ku-Football Association. Ishi laseVietnam eNyakatho kanye neNhlangano yaseCaucasian eNingizimu. Ngemuva kokuthi lezi zifunda ezimbili ziphinde zahlangana ngo-1976, kwasungulwa i-Vietnam Football Federation ngokusekelwe kumanduleli we-Vietnam Football Association.
Kusukela eminyakeni ka-1990, iVietnam iphinde yahlangana neqembu lebhola lesizwe elilodwa, futhi lelidlalo lisebenzele isizwe saseVietnam. Lokhu sekwenza iqembu leli bhekelele elingumkhandlu wesizwe saseVietnam futhi selikhokhwa ngabalandeli abaningi abathandekayo, abaphila ngezingqinamba zabo ezikhulu phambi kwezinye izinkampani zeqembu. Leqembu libhekelele nangomunye umlando omusha kufanana no-U-23 / U-22 noma U-19. 
## Ireferensi
	
## Buka Okuningi
* Ibhola eVietnam
* Inhlangano yebhola laseVietnam

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

*  trên trang chủ của FIFA
* VFF - Đội tuyển Quốc gia Nam
URoberto Carlos

**URoberto Carlos da Silva Rocha** (owazalwa ngo-10 April 1973), ngokuvamile owaziwa ngokuthi **uRoberto Carlos**, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi yi-RC3, ungumdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseBrazil owayengumdlayi webhayisikobho oqeqeshiwe manje osebenza njengenxusa lebhola. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomdlali oholayo eBrazil, kodwa wachitha isikhathi esiningi njengomgqugquzeli wesokunxele. Uchazwe njengomgxugcuteli wesobunxande onengqondo yokuhlasela kakhulu emhlabeni womdlalo. Unguchwepheshe we-free kick ngesikhathi esinye sakhe, ama-bending shots akhe aye akhomba ubuningi ngaphezu kwabanye abadlali, amabili ayafika kumdlalo wesikhathi angu-105 ngehora (169 km/h). Ngo-1997, wathola isikhundla sesibili ku-FIFA World Player of the Year. Uyabhekwa kakhulu njengomunye wemigqa yabaphambili kanye ne-left-back enkulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2004, uqokwa nguPelé ohlwini lwe-FIFA 100 lwabadlali abakhulu abasaphila emhlabeni.

Ezingeni lekilabhu, uRoberto Carlos ujoyine iReal Madrid esuka ku -Inter Milan ngo-1996 wachitha amasizini angu-11 aphumelela kakhulu, edlala imidlalo engu-584 kuyo yonke imiqhudelwano futhi washaya amagoli angama-71. KwaReal, wawina izicoco ezine zeLa Liga kanye ne -UEFA Champions League kathathu. Ngo-Ephreli 2013, *uMarca* wamqamba ngokuthi "Ishumi Nanye Elingcono Kakhulu Kwamanye Amazwe Emlandweni WeReal Madrid ".  Ungomunye wabadlali abambalwa asebedlale imidlalo yobungcweti engaphezu kwe-1,100 ekilabhini nasezingeni lomhlaba.

URoberto Carlos waqala ukudlala eqenjini lesizwe laseBrazil ngo-1992. Udlale emidlalweni emithathu yeNdebe Yomhlaba, wathinta iqembu ukuba lifinyelele emdlalwa wokugcina ngo-1998 eFrance, futhi wathola umncintiswano ka-2002 eNingizimu Korea naseJapane. Wabizwa eqenjini le-FIFA World Cup All-Star Team ngo-1998 nango-2002. NgeBrazil, uqondene kakhulu ngokudlala i-bending 40-yard free kick ngenxa yomdlalo wokuqala we-Tournoi de France ka-1997 phansi kohlelo lweFrance. Ngakho, wavela njengeyodwa kumabonakude amathathu ngenxa yezinhlamvu ezingu-125 zakhe ezidlalwa eqenjini lakhe lesizwe. Wakhethwa eqenjini le-FIFA World Cup Dream Team ekuhloleni kwe- FIFA ngo-2002.

Wathatha ubuphathi futhi waqokwa njengomphathi weSivasspor eTurkish Süper Lig ngoJuni 2013. Wasula njengomqeqeshi oyinhloko ngoDisemba 2014. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2015, wayengumphathi we-Akhisarspor. Yize uRoberto Carlos amemezela ukuthatha kwakhe umhlalaphansi ekudlaleni eneminyaka engu-39 ngo-2012, ngoJulayi 2015 wathatha indawo njengomdlali / umphathi weqembu le-Indian Super League i-Delhi Dynamos, ayezovela naye kathathu.
## Izithenjwa

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

* Iwebhusayithi ye-Fansite (in Portuguese)
* Roberto Carlos    (ligciniwe)
* Iphrofayela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ka-Anzhi Makhachkala
Ubuphicinani

**Ubuphicinani** yingxenye eyisisekelo yomchazazibalo equkethe ukufundwa nokusetshenziswa kwemigidingo engokwesiko yamanani: enjengokwenezela, ukususa, ukwandisa, nokuhlukanisa.
Igengamehlo

**Igengamehlo** ukungenga noma ubuqili obusetshenziswa eshashalazini, embukisweni yomfeketho, kumafilimu, umabonakude nakwezinye izindawo ukuze kufefenyekwe izehlakalo ezicatshangayo endabeni noma kwindwalife.

Izingengamehlo ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe zaba iminxa yalezo zenguxa nalezo zegqalo. Njengoba sekuvele indlela yokwenza amafilimu ngokwezezibhangqiwe sekunomuhluko phakathi kwengengamehlo kanye nokulumba isibukelwa, ngoba ukulumba isibukelwa kubhekisela kokwenziwa ngokwezezibhangqiwe kamuva nakulokho okwenziwa ngokwegqalo, kuyilapho "ingengamehlo" ibhekisela kokwenziwa ngokoqobo.
IChembe

**AmaChembe** ayimiqhinqa yendeni engafani yenhlwa efanayo. Anenani lobuchwe elifanayo (inani leziNelesi endeni) kanye nesikhundla esifanayo ecansini lezinhlwa (ingakho angawenhlwa yevanga efanayo), kodwana ayhluka ngenani lesisindo sendeni ngenxa yenani elihlukile leziNtunge endeni yazo. Nakuba wonke amachembe enhlwa ethile cishe anezakhi zevanga ezifanayo, anezisindo zobuchwe ezihlukile nezakhi zoqobo ezihlukile.
IsiThomsizi

**IsiThomsizi** siyinhlwa yevanga eyinkimbi eyonzayo ebuthaka enophawu **u-T** kanye nenani lobuchwe elibgama-90.
UMophobo

**UMophobo** uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu elithi **Mo** kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-42 etholakala ohlwini lwesi-5 neqembu lesi-6.
Imizwayi

**Imizwayi** igama elisho iqembu lamaChwe amabili noma ukweqa ahlanganiswe iziphoqi zokuhehana ezibizwa iminqalo yevanga; nokho alibhekiseli ezihonyweni ezibhekana nokufanayo. Kodwana kumchazandalo wohoyana, nomchazatho wemvelo, kanye nomchazatho wempilo, elithi imizwayi libhekisela nasezihonyweni ezimagcezichwe.

Umzwayi kungaba owenuzilinye *(homonuclear)*, okusho ukuthi uqukethe amaChwe enhlwa eyodwa, ngokwesibonelo, amaChwe amabili womzwayi wesOhwe (O2); noma angaba awenuzilimbe *(heteronuclear)*, okungumXube wevanga owakhiwa yizinhlwa ezeqa eyodwa, ngokwesibonelo, amanzi (anamachwe amabili weHwanzi nechwe lesOhwe elinye; H2O). Ngokomchachiso wempekumpeku yohowo, ibizo elithi umzwayi livame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza noma yiziphi izinhlayiyana zohowo zazo zonke izakhiwo. Lencazelo ishaya indiva imfuneko umzwayi kufanele uqukathe amaChwe amabili, njengoba uhowo oluntentemukayo lunechwe elinye. AmaChwe nezixhoxho ezixhunywanga ngezinzuba, ezifana neminqalo yeHwanzi noma iminqalo yesihonyo , ngokuvamile akuthathwa njengomzwayi owodwa.

## Imithombo
Isakhatshiwo

**Izakhatshiwo** ziyiqembu elisecansini lezinhlwa eliqukethe izinhlwa eziyisithupha ezihlobene ngokwevanga : ufusihwe (F), i-chwenzi (Cl), umbhulufu (Br), inkwithi (I), isatsha (At), kanye ne -thesimbi (Ts), nakuba abanye ababhali  beyikhipha ithesimbi njengoba ubuvanga bayo bungaziwa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifane naleyo yomgambana .
IMbiwa

Kwezofundomhlaba, nakwezomchazambiwa, **imbiwa** ngokwenkulumo evamile, yisiqa esimkhumanqa esinesakhiwo sevanga esichasisiwe kahle kanye nohlaka lomncwebe oluqondile, kokubili okuyizonto ezitholakala ngokwemvelo ngesimo esicwebile.

### Amagama ezimbiwa ngesizulu
Izimbiwa - Minerals 
.
Lepidolite - itshebuka

Petalite - itshekhasi

Chrysoberyl - umbehlobhedu

Borate - ibohlotha

Flourite - Umfusitshe

Cryolite - isifothozatshe

Sodalite - umnasitshe

Halite - itshiwotshe

Serpentine - izengatshe

Dolomite - umgethetshe

Bauxite - umgalitshe

Variscite - ingabutshe

Opal - inhletshe

Phosphorite - ipholotshe

Sylvite - isibabatshe

Aphthitalite - izinzotshe

Calcite - itshemcako

Aragonite - umhemetshe

Gadolinite - itshemgede

Euxenite - igxebetshe

Chromite - umchiyatshe

Crocite - incwalitshe

Rhodochrosite - isigweje

Pyrolusite - umkhwicipha

Pyrite - incwabatshe

Haematite - igazitshe

Asbestos - itsheboya
Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama 2

***Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama 2*** () iyifilimu yango-2013 computer-animated ifilimu eqanjiwe yesayensi ekhiqizwe i-Columbia Pictures kanye ne-Sony Pictures Animation, edlalwa i-Sony Pictures Imageworks, futhi kusakazwe ngu-Sony Pictures Releasing. I-sequel kuya kowezi-2009 ethi *[[Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama (ifilimu)|Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama]]*, ifilimu iqondiswe ngu-Cody Cameron kanye no-Kris Pearn no-UPhil Lord noChristopher Miller ababuyayo njengabadidiyeli abakhulu. Bill Hader, Anna Faris, James Caan, Andy Samberg, Neil Patrick Harris, kanye uBenjamin Bratt baphinda izindima zabo efilimini yokuqala , kuyilapho Will Forte, owazwakalisa uJoseph Towne efilimini yokuqala, ephimisa uChester V kule filimu. Abalingisi abasha bahlanganisa Kristen Schaal njengomsizi we-orangutan ka-Chester, u-Barb, kanye no-Terry Crews njengo-Earl Devereaux, ongena esikhundleni sika-Mnu. T. Itulo lefilimu ligxile ku-Flint Lockwood nabangani bakhe ababuyela eSwallow Falls ukuze basindise umhlaba ngemuva kokuthi i-FLDSMDFR ebicekeleka phansi iphinde isebenze, kulokhu kudala izidalwa zokudla ezizwelayo.

I-*Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama 2* yakhululwa e-United States ngoSepthemba 27, 2013, futhi yenza imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-274 zamaRandi emhlabeni wonke uma iqhathaniswa nesabelomali sayo samaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-78. Ifilimu ngokuvamile ithole izibuyekezo ezixubile kuya ezinhle ezivela kubagxeki, nakuba ithathwe njengengaphansi kweyandulelayo.

## Imithombo


## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
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I-Adventures ye-Elmo e-Grouchland

***I-Adventures ye-Elmo e-Grouchland*** () ungowaseMelika wango-1999 womculo adventure Ifilimu yamahlaya eqondiswa u-Gary Halvorson esicini sakhe sokuqala sefilimu. Leli bekuyifilimu yesibili kwamabili etiyetha asekelwe Uchungechungelwethelevishini lwezingane *[[Sesame Street]]*, ngemva kwe-'Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird'' (1985). Inezihlabani Mandy Patinkin kanye Vanessa Williams eceleni Muppet abadlali Kevin Clash, Caroll Spinney, Steve Whitmire, kanye UFrank Oz.

Ikhiqizwe ngu-Jim Henson Pictures kanye I-Children's Television Workshop, ifilimu ikhishwe yi-Columbia Pictures ngo-Okthoba 1, 1999. Ifilimu ngokuvamile yathola ukubuyekezwa okuhle okuvela kubagxeki, kodwa kwaba Ibhokisi. -ibhomu lebhokisi, elenza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-12 uma kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-26 zamaRandi.

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

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Thomas kanye ne-Magic Railroad

***Thomas kanye ne-Magic Railroad*** () ingu-2000 yezingane inganekwane ifilimu ye-adventure ebhalwe futhi yaqondiswa ngu-Britt Allcroft futhi yakhiqizwa u-Allcroft no-Phil Fehrle. Iwukuphela kwefilimu yetiyetha ye-live-action/opopayi ethi *Thomas & Friends* ku-franchise. Izihlabani zefilimu Alec Baldwin njengoMnu. Conductor, Peter Fonda, Mara Wilson, Didi Conn, Russell Means, Cody McMains, Michael E. Rodgers, kanye namazwi ka-Eddie Glen kanye no-Neil Crone. Le filimu isuselwe ochungechungeni lwezincwadi zezingane zase-British *[[The Railway Series]]* ngu-Reverend W. Awdry, eguqulelwe kuthelevishini ethi *[[Thomas & Friends]]* ka- I-Allcroft, nochungechunge lwethelevishini lwaseMelika *[[Shining Time Station]]* ka-Allcroft no-Rick Siggelkow. Le filimu ixoxa ngendaba ka-Lily Stone (Wilson), umzukulu womnakekeli (Fonda) we-steam engine entula amalahle afanelekile, kanye noMnu. Conductor (Baldwin) we-Shining Isiteshi Sesikhathi, esinezinhlinzeko zothuli lwegolide oluwumlingo ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. U-Lily noMnu. Conductor bacela usizo luka-Thomas the Tank Engine (Glen), obhekana nonya, ozonda injini yesitimu Diesel 10 (Crone) endleleni.

## Imithombo


## Amakhasi amangaphandle

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IKyoto

**IKyoto** iyidolobha eJaphani.


File:Киото, главная улица, 1891.jpg|ngo-1891

File:Kyoto01.jpg|ngo-2013
Umkhithiko

**Umkhithiko** (noma **umkhitho**, **iqhwa** ) igama elihlanganisa imincwebe yeqhwa eyakheka  kumoyambulunga —ngokuvamile phakathi kwamafu—bese ikhithika, inqwabelana phansi lapho ibhekana nolunye ushintsho khona.  Umkhithiko uqukethe amanzi awumncwebe okhazileyo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wawo, kusuka lapho kwakheka imincwebe yeqhwa kumoyambulunga, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifaneke, nalapho ikhula ngobungako bemilimitha, bese iyana futhi iyanqwabelana ebusweni vezinto ehlala kuzo, iguquke isimo, ekugcineni incibilike, ushelezi noma umoyoke.

## Amaphatho
Ukulembuluka

**Ukulembuluka** kuyisimo sobunguxa esivame ukuchaziswa ngokuthi ukunwebeka kwesithako (isb. intambo). Ngokwenzululwazi yezithako, ukulembuluka kuchasiswa ngezinga isithako elingamelana nokufacazeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphambi kokugiba uphondo. Ukulembuluka kuyinto ebalulekile kwezokungcikisha nasekukhiqizeni. Kuchasisa ukufaneleka kwesithako emigidingweni ethile yokukhiqiza Kanye nomthamo waso wokumunyunga ukugidlazwa kobunguxa. Ezinye izinkimbi ezvame ukuchaziswa njengezilumbulukayo zihlanganisa iMbedu nosokhele, kuyilapho iKhazi kuyinkimbi elembuluka kakhulu kunezinye uma icwebile. Kodwana, akuzona zonke izinkimbi ezibuekana nokuhluleka Ukulembuluka njengoba ezinye kungathiwa zibhekana > brittle failure like cast iron. Izintshogcezi ngokuvamile zingabhekwa njengezithako ezilembulukayo njengoba zivuma ukufacazeka.

**Ukugoboyeka**, kuyisimo esifanayo sobunguxa, esaziwa ngekhono lesithako lokufacazeka kalula ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebuthazayo. Ngokomlando, izithako zazithathwa njengezigoboyekayo Uma kwakulula ukuzicandula.

## Imithombo
UMnyazambi

**UMnyazambi** uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu **Mn** kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-25. Umnyazambi uyinkimbi ecwebile eluzica, evam ukutholakala ezimbiweni ihambisana nensimbi. Uyinkimbi eguqukayo esetshenziselwa izinto ezinhlobonhlobo nanjengesiqungo, ikakhulukazi njengenqimbi. Umnyazambi uphefukisa ubukhwepha, ukusebenziseka, nokuzabalazela ukugqwala. Intuhla yomnyazambi isetshenziswa njengesithuhlisi, njengesijobelo senjoloba, nasekwenzeni ingilazi, izikhuthazi, nezinhlakasha.
Idube

Idube isilwane esakhiwe njenge hhashi nembongogolo. Sinamabala ayimicu emhlophe nemnyama. Idube lihlala endle
Ubuhlonzi

**Ubunikazi** buyizimfanelo, izinkolelo, izici zobuntu, ummomo, kanye/noma izinkulumo eziwuphawu lomuntu noma iqembu.
Ubuhlonzi bezezibhangqiwe

**Ubuhlonzi bezezibhangqiwe** bubhekisela ekwazisweni okusetshenziswa izimiso zesiCikizi ukumela okungaphandle, okuhlanganisa umuntu, inhlangano, uhlelo lokusebenza, noma isilekeleli.
Ubuhlonzi bakuxhakaxholo

**Ubuhlonzi bakuxhakaxholo**, futhi **inzimba yakuxhakaxholo**, **ubuntu bakuxhakaxholo** , ubuhlonzi baseluntwini obusungulwa umsebenzisi woxhakaxholo emiphakathini yalo nakwizizindalwebu.
UMhela

**UMhela** ususelwe kwelesiZulu elithi "hela", elichaza ukwewula izimfihlo, lingasebenza ukuchaza : 

* uMhela wokuzihlelela, inhlelakonke
* Imfihlela, isilobelo semicabango eyizimfihlo ebuye isebenze ukuxhumanisa wena nawe. 
* Isiqophasuku, isilobelo esiqopha konke okwenzeke osukwini noma esikhathini thizeni. 
* Ingqalelomali, isilobelo esisetshenziselwa ukuqopha imali kanye nakho konke okumayelana nemali. 
* Isiqophasimo, isiqophelo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto, izindawo, kanye nokunye. 
* Isiqophahle, isiqophelo sohlu lwezinto ezenziwe ngesikhathi kudludlungwa khona imininingo. 
* Isiqophahambo, isiqophelo esisetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma ukukhuluma ngohambo. 

Ekushicileleni, uMhela ungasebenza ukuchaza izishicwanjalo noma imihide eyahlukahlukene:

* Umhela wakwaNgqondonkulu, incwadi ekushicilelwa kuyona imiphumela yocwaningo kanye nolwazi olunzulu ngamvungu thizeni:
** uMhela wesayensi, incwadi ekushicilelwa kuyo ucwaningo lwesayensi
** uMhela wezokwelapha, incwadi ekushicilelwa kuyo ucwaningo lokwelapha kanye neMithi.
** Imbuyekeza yomthetho, incwadi egxile ekutolikeni umthetho
* uMakhazini, umshicilelwanjalo ongagxilile kwezobunqwambi.
** Umakhazini wamadlingozi, umakhazini walabo abaphaphamele ubungoti thizeni.
** umakhazini wamaphimbo, umakhazini ogxile kubuciko bemibhalo. 
* Iphephandaba, Umhela ogxile ekwathuleni izindaba, ezenzeka kwezepolitiki, ezohwebo, ezemidlalo kanye nezobuciko. 
** Ingqophela, uhlobo lwephephandaba, ngokuvamile iphephandaba eliyingqophelo
** Ingqophela karhulumeni, iphephandaba likahulumeni elishicilela izaziso zomphakathi noma zezomthetho

*

## '''UMhela''' ungase futhi uchaze:

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* Ingqalo, umsebenzi wokubalwa kwezimali ohlelweni lokugcinwa kwamabhuku olufaka kabili

## Bhekafuthi

*  (disambiguation), izishicilelwa ezimbalwa kanye nezinhlelo zikaMabonakude ezinaleli igama. 
* Uhlu lweMhela (disambiguation)
Izigidi ze-Mega

**I-Mega Millions** (aziqaliseka njengoba **i-The Big Game** ngo-1996 futhi **itholakala njenge-The Big Game Mega Millions** eminyakeni eminingi evela kulo) iyindlela yokugwema yezwe laseMelika eyisivumelwano; kusukela ngo-June 30, 2023, ikhombisa ezifundazweni ezingu-45, District of Columbia, kanye nase-US Virgin Islands. Umdlalo wesihlanu (Umdlalo Omkhulu) weMega Millions wazaliwa-2002. Manje i-Mega Millions ifikezwa ezifundazweni eziningi; izigaba zonke zezimidlalo zilandela ukuhlobana komgama osezingeni eliphezulu lwezimidlalo, futhi amanye amasethemu aphumelela kwezimidlalo.

I-Mega Millions ivunwa ngolwesibili ne-Sonto ngemini yamaSunday kanye ne-Sikhumbuzo, ekucaleni kwalesikhathi ngomsebenzi we-Eastern Time Zone. I-Mega Millions isebenziswa ngengqapheli yeendaba zezibalulekile ezingama-12; izithombo zengqophamlando zifakwa endaweni yabesifazane WSB-TV e-Atlanta, i-Georgia, kufakwa phansi isikhumbuzo se-Lottery ye-Georgia. Abakubambisana uJohn Crow no-Adrian Wollford.

Ngaphandle kokwenza okuphelele kwezimpendulo ezihambisanayo (ezinazokwakhe ngo-October 28, 2017, ngokubhaliswa ngomsebenzi wezokuqala ngo-October 31) kwe-Mega Millions, i-Mega Millions ibingekho labafundi basentengiso angazange abefanele ukuba abafunde umqeqesho wabo wesitatimende osezingeni elifanelekile le-$20 million, esebizwa ngemizuzu engama-30 eyaphindukiswa eminyakeni yonke, ngokudluliselana ngokwe-5% ngonyaka (uma kuzobeki incwadi yemali enqola; bona phansi ngaphansi ngemfihlo yezibalulekile ngomthetho weLottery ngesigaba sokuhlola imali/ukugadwa). Umqeqesho wokuthi ingcweleka uma akutholakali umphumela ongaphansi kwenkulungwane wokulanda.

Ekuzimbeleni kwamaLottery akwemikhakha ye-American, umphumela ongaphansi kwenkulungwane wokulanda ufake njengevalue yamanqaku wezinyanga. Isicelo se-value yemali (sokukhethwa kwamalotho angaphansi), uma litholakalayo umphumela ongaphansi kwenkulungwane, lufaka kahle ngaphezu kwe-value yamanqaku amlungele.

Omunye wemiphumela emakulu kakhulu engaphumelelwe emphumeleni we-Mega Millions wayingama $1.537 billion, kwezombusazwe zase-October 23, 2018, lapho imphephu engaphumelelwe yokulanda emiphumeleni yesi-South Carolina. Umphathi wayigcina ngokuzivikeleka indawo eyehlaziyayo eMashi 2019.
## Amanothi
Imicondozo yokwaziswa

**Imicondozo yokwaziswa** ichasiswa ngokuthi "igatsha lemicondozo eligxile ebudlelwaneni phakathi kokudala, ukuhlelemba, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa, kanye nezindinganiso zokucondoza kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha ezibusa ukucondoza kwabantu emphakathini".  Licwaninga ngesimilo esiqhamuka kukwaziswa njengensizakusebenza, njengomkhiqizo, noma njengongcibishe. Lihlinzeka ngohlaka olumqoka ekucubunguleni okuphatjeleni nesimilo ngokuqondene nobumfihlo bokwaziswa, ukuzinqumela isimilo (isb. ingabe izinto ezikhandiwe zinesimilo), okuphatheleni nezemvelo, izinkinga ezivela kumjikelezo mpilo (ukudala, ukuqoqa, ukuqopha, ukusabalalisa, ukudludlunga, njll.) wokwaziswa (ikakhulu ubunikazi nethiyampindo, ukwehlukana ngezezibhangqiwe, namalungelo wezezibhangqiwe). Kubalilekile ukuqonda ukuthi izisebenzi zomtapowolwazi, nezomqogelelo, nezingcwepheshi zokwaziswa, ziyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokwazi indlela yokusabalalisa ukwaziswa kwangempela kanye nokuzibophezela ezenzweni zazo ngokuqondene nokwaziswa.

## Imithombo
Ububhozomeli

**Ububhozomeli**  buwukugcinwa kanye nokujijwa kwamandla phezu kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulu ngokuzandisa, ngokusebenzisa kokubili amandla aqatha (amandla wezempi nomnotho) namandla antobontobo (amandla wokucebidisa nobubhozomeli besiko). Ububhozomeli buhlozinge ekusungulweni noma ekugcinweni ukuqhoqhobala nombuso. Nakuba buhlobene nezicabango ezinjengobuqonela, ububhozomeli buhlukile.
Ukusabela kwevanga

**Ukusabela kwevanga** kungumdludlungu oholela ekuguqukeni kweqoqo elilodwa leziqa zevanga zibe elinye. Ngokwasendulo, ukusabela kwevanga kuhilela izinguquko ezibandakanya izikhundla seziNzuba kuphela ekwakheni nasekuqephuzeni izithungo zevanga phakathi kwamaChwe, ngaphandle kokuguqula inuzi, futhi zingachaziswa ngesibalo zevanga. umchazaTho weNuzi uqeqesho okungaphansi komchazatho olubandakanya ukusabela kwevanga kwezinhlwa ezingazinzile, nezinhlwa eziyonzayo lapho kunezinguquko zenzuba nezenuzi.
Impi

**Impi** ingxabano eshubile **yezikhali**  phakathi kwemibuso, ohulumeni, imiphakathi, noma amaqembu ezempi njengamabutho, abashokobezi, namasosha . Ngokuvamile kubonakala ngodlame oludlulele, ukucekelwa phansi, nokufa, kusetshenziswa amabutho avamile noma angajwayelekile . **Impi** isho ubuqhebeqhebe obujwayelekile kanye nezici zezinhlobo zempi, noma zezimpi zijwayelekile.  Impi ephelele iyimpi engakhawulelwe kulokho okuyimingxibishe yezempi kuphela, futhi ingaholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu kwezakhamuzi noma okunye okungekona ukulwa kanye nokulimala kwabantu .
Isidlikithi

**Isidlikithi** siyikhono elingajwayelekile nelikhethekile lomuntu oyimbudle elingaphezu kokuvamile. Izidlikithi zivame ukuvezwa ezincwadini zeziganeko zenzululwazi nezamafuzamuntu, ezinhlelweni zikamabonakude, emfekethweni yemibukiso, nakumafilimu, njengesici esimqoka sembudle. Lesi sicabangelo sadabuma ezincwadini zamahlaya zaseMelika eminyakeni yowe-1930 neye-1940, futhi site saqhubeka nokungena kweminye iminxa nakwezinye izibsizakusakaza.
Izichoyo zesiCikizi

Ezinhlelweni zezokuxhumana noma zesiCikizi, **ukuchoyiswa** kohlelo kusho ukuhlelwa kwengxejye ngayinye yokusebenza kwayo, ngokuya ngesimo zazo, inani lazo kanye nezinkondolo eziyinhloko.  Ngokuvamile, ukuchoyiswa kubandakanya ukukhetha izigcoyi, ihlelokusebenza, nezilobo. Ukuchoyiswa kwesiCikizi kunomthelela endleleni esisebenza ngayo nasekuqhogoyeni kwaso.

Ukuchoyiswa kwesicikizi kuqoshwa esiheleni sokuchoyisa. EziCikizini zanamuhla, lesi sihele sikhandwa futhi siphefukiswe ngokwenhleleleko lapho izigcoyi zesicikizi zenezelwa noma sikhishwa. Amahlelokusebenza angaqazikela ukuthi isihele sokuchoyisa sikumelela ngokunembile ukuchoyiswa okwenziwe bese asebenza ngokufanele.

Iningi lezicikizi zanamuhla **linezichoyo zesimiso** esivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlele izenyulo zabo. Lezi zichoyo zihlanganisa ukufikeleleka kwezinketho ezifana nobungako beziqakaqisi), umgqamo nokukhanya; ezokuphepha nengasese; ukukhethwa kohleloxhumano nokunye.
Izichoyo ze-Windows

**Izichoyo ze-Windows**, noma ihlelokusebenza le **zichoyo**, yisigcoyi se-Microsoft Windows. Sivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bachoyise izenyulo zabo, bachoyise uhlelomgidingo, futhi balawule iziklamo zabo ezixhunyiwe. Inkampani iMicrosoft yangenisa izichoyo ze-Window ngonyaka wezi-2012, futhi yayohlose ukuzifakalela esikhundleni se-Windows Control Panel, okuyinto engazange yenzeke emashumini eminyaka.
Isihawuza somsebenzisi

**Isihawuza somsebenzisi** siyiqoqo lezijinjo nokwaziswa okuyamaniswa nomsebenzisi. Sivame ukuqukatha ukwaziswa okubalulekile okusetshenziselwa ukuhlonza umuntu, okufana negama, ubudala, umfanekiso, nezinkondolo zakhe ezifana nolwazi noma ubungcweti anabo. Izihawuza zabasebenzisi zivamile kwizizindalwebu zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana no-Facebook, Instagram, ne-LinkedIn; futhi zikhonza njengobuhlonzi bezezibhangqiwe bokuzithandela bomuntu, obugqamisa ulwangu nezici zakhe ezimqoka. KwezokuCikiza komuntu siqu nezinqalahlelo, izihawuza zabasebenzisi zenzelwe ukuhlukanisa izinhlonhlo, izijinjo, nemibhalo ngokwezimo zomsebenzisi ngamunye, okuyinto evumela ukuba izinqalahlelo zibe nobungane futhi zikhonze umsebenzisi. Izihawuza zabasebenzisi eziphathekayo zikhonza njengoMazisi abafana neziNqamulamazwe, izivumelo zokushayela nezincwadi ezisemthethweni ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza umuntu ngokwesimiso somthetho.
Ukwabelana ngehele

**Ukwabelana ngamahele** kuwumkhuba wokusabalalisa noma wokuvula ukifinyeleleka kwezinsizakusakaza zezezibhangqiwe, njengezinhleleliso zesiCikizi, izinsizakusakaza ezixubile (ezilalelwayo, izithombe nemibukiso), imibhalo noma izincwadi zamazuba. Izindlela ezivamile zokuqoqonga, ukufufukisa nokusabalalisa zihlanganisa izinzisakusakaza ezisuswayo, iziphakeli ezinyomboniswe kumaxhoxho wesiCikizi, imibhalo esekwe kuxhakaxholo ekhongciwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuxhoxhelana kontanga okusatshalalisiwe.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwabelana ngamahele, obufana ne*BitTorrent*, bubalulekile kwizinsizakusakaza zokukokotela zanamuhla, kanye nasekwabelaneni ngemininingo yenzululwazi nezinye iziqikili zamahhala.
Zibaluleke ngani izinganekwane

izinganekwane zibaluleke ngokuthi zisisize ukuthi sigcine amasiko ethu emzansi africa kanye nasemhlabeni wonke.Izinganekwane zehlukahlukene futhi zonke ziyingqayizivele kithina njengomphakathi wabantu abamnyama abalithandayo isiko labo.Izinganekwane zehlukahlukene futhi zonke zisijabulisa ngokufana nangokulingana,izinganekwane zehlukene zaba zinhlanu:Inganeko;Inganeko wuhlobo oluthile lwenganekwane lenganekwane ikukhombisa ngokudaleka kwezinto emhlabeni.Isikhathi esiningi loluhlobo lwenganekwane luxoxa ngomvelinqangi okunguye umdali wakho konke okuphilayo emhlabeni nokungaphili.
Itshebuka

**Itshebuka** liyilungu lezimbiwa zeqembu lelisitha elinombala ompunga-nsomi noma obomvu. Liyimbiwa okutholakala kulo umThanya omningi futhi liwumthombo wesibili walenkimbi. Libuye libe umthombo oyinhloko wenkimbi engqubathi ebizwa uLubido.

## Imithombo
Ubunzubawonga

Kumchazandalo, **ubunzubawonga** buwukwenanana kwezinhlayiyana nomlelesa wamazuba ezinkundleni zobuzuba. Isiphoqi senzubawonga siyingxenye yeziphoqi ezine eziyisiseko zemvelo. Lesi siphoqi siseqhilwini ekwenananeni kwamaChwe nemizwayi.
Ubuwonga

**Ubuwonga** buyimfanelo ebonakalayo eyenzeka ngewongela, elibanga ukuba Izinto zihehane noma zifuqane zodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi kokubili uzuba nokuwonga kwezinhlayiyana eziyisiseko zivusa iwongela, ubuwonga bungesinye sezici ezimbili zobunzubawonga.
UmNgcikisho wokwaziswa

**UmNgcikisho wokwaziswa** uqeqesho lomngciksho oluphathelene nokukhiqizwa, ukusatshalaliswa, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa, imininingo, nolwazi ezimisweni. Lomkhakha waqala ukuhlonzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21.
 

Izigcoyi zomngcikisho wokwaziswa zihlanganisa eminye imikhakha yomkhanyango efana nokufunda kwenguxa, uHlakahlisombulu, Ukudludlungwa kwesiyabizo, nombono wokwaziswa, kanye neminye imikhakha esetshenziswayo efana nombono wesiCikizi, ukudludlunga ulimi lwemvelo, *bioinformatics*, ukuCikiza umfanekiso wezokwelapha, *cheminformatics*, ezezithununu ezizihlelelekayo,  ezezithununu ezintintayo, kanye nezokuxhumana. Iningi lwalemikhakha ludabuka kwinzululwazi yesiCikizi, nakwamanye amagatsha womngcikisho afana nomngcikisho wesiCikizi, umNgcikisho wamazuba, nomngcikishampilo.

Umkhakha womngcikisho wokwaziswa wesekwe kumchazazibalo, ikakhulukazi *probability*, izibalomininingo, umqaqululo...

Abangcikishi bokwaziswa bavame ukuba ngabantu abaneziqu kumngcikisho wokwaziswa nemikhakha ehlobene, futhi bavame ukusebenzela izikhungo eziseqhulwini kulomkhakha. Bavame ukuqashwa kuzo zonke izimboni ngenxa yokusebenza kabanzi komngcikisho wokwaziswa.

## Imithombo

## Imithombo
Ukufunda okungaqondisiwe

**Ukufunda okungaqondisiwe**, umbono ekufundeni kwenguxa okuphambama nokufunda okungaqondisiwe nokufunda okuqondiswi' ngxenye, lapho imikholezima ifunda izifanelo ngokukhethekile emininingweni engagqatshiwe.
Senzo Meyiwa

**Senzo Robert Meyiwa** (24 KuMasingana, 1984 - 26 October, 2014) wayengumdlali webhola lezinyawo eNingizimu Afrika owayedlala engumvimbi kanye noKaputeni wamaqembu amabili i-Orlando Pirates kwiPremier Soccer League, kanye neqembu lezwe iNingizimu Afrika. Wadutshulwa wabulawa bemungenele emzini wakhe ngo 26 October, 2014.

## Club career
### Orlando Pirates
UMeyiwa wayengumvimbi weqembu i-Orlando Pirates kusukela ngonyaka u-2005 njengombonisi wokushintsha uFrancis Chanda kuya ku2008. Ngesikhathi sekufika umqeqeshi omusha uMilutin Sredojeviç kwiPirates wanika uMeyiwa ithuba wamfaka enkundleni bedlala neqembu le-Amazulu lapho bawina ngo 3-2.
Ingqubathi

Kumchazatho, **ingqubathi**   ungusawoti osihonyo oyisisekelo wenkimbi eyingqubathi noma inkimbi yomhlaba yengqubathi .
Amandawe

**Amandawe** okubuye ibizwe ngokuthi **Amandawe Mission** noma **A.M.A** idolobha elincane elitholakala eningizimu yeKwaZulu-Natali. Leli dolobha lingaphansi kwamasipala wase  Mdoni.
Usaziwayo woxhakaxholo

**Usaziwayo wakuxhakaxholo** (ophinde abizwe ngokuthi **umthonyi wenkundla yezokuxhumana**, noma **umthonyi**) umuntu othole noma wathuthukisa udumo lwakhe nokuphawuleka ku- kuxhakaxholo.
UNyazani

**UNyazani** ungesinye sezimo ezine eziyisisekelo zoTho, esibonakala ngokuba khona kwengxenye ebalulekile yezinhlayiya ezinomlelesa wenhlanganisela yezihonyo noma izinzuba.
UHoyana

Kumchazandalo, **uhoyana** uyinani elincane lanoma iyiphi into ebonakalayo (impahla ebonakalayo) ehilelekile ekunananeni. Isicabango esiyisisekelo sokuthi impahla engokoqobo kungenzeka "ingakaniswe" sibizwa ngokuthi "isihlawumbiselo sokungakanisa". Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ubukhulu bempahla engokoqobo bakhiwa amanani alubandlu  omngako.

Ngokwesibonelo, ibane liwumngako owodwa wokukhanya komjinge oqondile (wanoma iluphi uhlobo lwemiyonzi yenzubawonga). Ngokufanayo, isidlakathi senzuba esithungelwe phakathi kweChwe singakanisiwe futhi sitholakala ngamanani alubandlu. (AmaChwe noTho yizinto ezizinzile ngenxa yokuthi iziNzuba zitholakala ngesidlakathi esilubandlu esiphezulu ngaphakathi kweChwe). Ukungakanisa kuyisisekelo somchazandalo obanzi nobuNguxela bomNgako. Ukungakanisa isidlakathi kanye nethonya lako endleleni isidlakathi noTho ezinanana ngayo, kuyingxenye yohlaka oluyisiseko sokuqonda nokuchazisa imvelo.
Ukukepezela kohoyana

Kumchazandalo wohoyana, **ukukepezela kohoyana** (noma **ukugobhozela kohoyana**) kuwushintsho lwesikhashana olwenzeka ngokwethukela, nolwenzeka enanini lwesidlakalasi emkhathini, njengoba luchazwa isimiso sokungazinzi sika-Heisenberg. Kuwukukepezela okuncane okwethukelayo okwenzeka ezinkundleni ezimelela izinhlayiyana eziyisiseko, ezifana nezinkundla zamazuba nezobuwonga ezimelela isiphoqi senzubawonga esithwelwe amabane, izinkundla W, Z ezithwele isiphoqi esibuthaka, kanye nezinhlayiyana ezithwele isiphoqi esiqatha.
Isilekeleli sasekhaya

**Isilekeleli sasendlini**, esibuye sibizwe ngokuthi **isilekeleli** **sasekhaya**, **isilekeleli esisebenza ngamazuba,**  siyinguxa esiza emisebenzini yasendlini  efana nokupheka, ukuhlanza nokukhweza ukudla.
Odabasi Mosque

I-Odabaşı Mosque, Ine-Odabaşı Mosque noma Ine-Odabaşı Behruz Ağa Mosque; Kuyi-mosque yaseMimar Sinan. Indawo yokuhlala ezungezile ibizwa nangokuthi isifunda sase-Odabaşı 

## Umlando
Yakhiwa ngu-Behruz Ağa, inhloko yegumbi lika-Süleyman I, ngo-1562 kanye nomthombo wesikole samabanga aphansi kanye nendlu yokugezela engakatholakali kuze kube namuhla. I-mosque, engumsebenzi kaMimar Sinan, yashiswa ngo-1782 nango-1836 II. Yalungiswa nguMahmud. Yathatha isimo sayo sokugcina ngemva kokulungiswa kabusha ngo-1983.
Umnotho wokwaziswa

**Umnotho wokwaziswa** uchazwa ngokuthi umnotho ogxile kakhulu ebuqhebeqhebeni bokwaziswa nasembonini yokwaziswa, lapho ukwaziswa okuyinto eyigugu khona. Leligama laqhamuka no-Marc Porat, owayengumfundi enyuvesi yaseStanford, futhi kamuva wasungula iGeneral Magic.

U-Manuel Castells uphawula ukuthi umnotho wokwaziswa abuncintisani nomnotho wokukhiqiza.  Uveza ukuthi amanye amazwe afana nelamaJalimane nelaseJaphani abonisa ukufakwa kokwaziswa emidludlungweni yokukhoqiza.  Kodwana nakuba kunjalo, umnotho wokwaziswa uthathwa njengesigaba somnotho, esilandela ezinye izigaba zokuzingela, Ezolimo, nokukhiqiza. Lesicabangelo siqashelwa kabanzi ngokuqondene nomohakathi wokwaziswa, okuyisicabangelo esihlobene naso kodwana esibanzi kunaso.

Kunezinkondolo ezimbalwa zezinguqulo eminye iminotho okudingeka ibhekane nazo. Umnotho wokhonza, umnotho wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ubugombelakwesakhe bakamuva, nomnotho wembulunga ngamanye wamabizo ajinge ukusetshenziswa, nakuba engenelana futhi eziphikisa ngokwawo. Ibizo eliseduze nelithi umnotho wokwaziswa kungaba ngelithi umnotho wolwazi.

## imithombo
Ezomnotho wokwaziswa

**Ezomnotho wokwaziswa** noma **ezomnotho zokwaziswa** yigatsha lezomnothoqazu *(macroeconomics)* elifunda indlela ukwaziswa nezimiso zokwaziswa eziwuthinta ngayo umnotho nezinqumo zezomnotho.
Intufeshe

**Intufeshe** noma **iklabishi eliyiqabunga**, liyingxenye yezilinywa eziqembu leklabishi ( *Brassica oleracea* ) ezitshalelwa amaqabunga azo adliwayo, nakuba ezinye zisetshenziswa njengezihlobiso .
I-Tonga 0-22 I-Australia

Ngo-9 April 2001, iTonga ne-Australia badlala umdlalo webhola likanobhutshuzwayo wamazwe omhlaba e-International Sports Stadium eCoffs Harbour esifundazweni sase-Australia iNew South Wales. Lo mdlalo wawuwumdlalo wokuqala we-Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) wokufanelekela i-2002 FIFA World Cup. I-Tonga, ebizwa ngokuthi iqembu lasekhaya kulo mdlalo we-round robin, yanqotshwa yi-Australia ngo-0-22. Lokhu kunqoba irekhodi langaphambilini lomhlaba wonke le-20-0 kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2000 lapho iKuwait inqoba iBhutan ngo-12 February 2000 ekuqeqeshweni kwe-2000 AFC Asian Cup. I-margin yadlula ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva lapho i-Australia iphinde inqoba, inqoba iqembu lase-American Samoa elingenamaphutha nge-31-0.
Isikhathi

**Isikhathi** (noma **isithuba**) siwuchungechunge oluqhubekayo lobukhona nezehlakalo ezenzeka ngokulandelana okungenakuhlehliswa kusukela endulo, kuze kube manje, kuya kusasa.  Isikhathi silawula zonke izimo zezenzo, umnyaka, nonobngela, njengoba siwumngakonani oyisigcoyi sezilinganiso ezihlukene esisetshenziselwa ukujinja izehlakalo, ukuqhathanisa ubude bazo (noma imigamu phakathi kwazo), futhi singakanisa amazinga woguquko ezinto ezingokoqobo noma ezicatshangwayo. Isikhathi sivame ukubalwa njengomngako wesine, kanye nesikhala semingakontathu.

Isikhathi silinganiswa ngezinkathi ezilandelayo, ezihlelwa kusuka kwefipha kwende. Abantu balinganisa isikhathi besebenzisa omazisankathi abafana nezithuba namakhalenda, aveza usuku lamahora angama-24, oluyingxenye yomnyaka wezinsuku ezingama-365 oxhumene nomnyakazo woMhlaba emkhathini. Izilinganiso zenzululwazi zesikhathi zihwexuza kusuka kusikhathi sikaPlanck esofushane kuya kuzingidinqindi zeminyaka ezinde. Isikhathi esilinganiseka kukholwa ukuthi saqala ngokuQhuma okuKhulu eminyakeni eyizigidinqindi ezili-13.8 edlule, zomlando womkhathilibe. UMchazandalo wanamuhla uqonda ukuthi isikhathi asinakuhlukaniswa nomkhathi, Ingakho kunesicabango somkhathinkathi esichaziswa ukucakathana jikelele. Isikhathi kulula ukuba sanuleke, njengoba isivinini notho kungasenza sihambe kancane noma sishesje kwingqaoheli engaphandle, nakuba lokhu kuyinto engenzeka Ezimeni ezifana ngejubame elicakathene noma ukudonsa komnyondo wesiGwinqa.

Emlandweni isikhathi besiyisihloko esibalulekile kwezenkolo, injulalwazi, nenzululwazi. Isikhathi sibuye sibe mqoka, futhi sibe nesizima ngokomnotho, I gakho abantu namuhla bethi *isikhathi siyimali* njengoba bedayisa ngamandla ngesikhathi sabo ukuze bazuze imali, futhi simqoka nakumuntu siqu njengoba bengawithandi umqondo wokuthi chithelwa isikhathi ngezinto ezingenanzuzo kubona.

## Incasiselo
Isicabango noma umsukamqondo wesikhathi uuinkiyankiya. Kunemibono eminingi ezama ukuchaza nokuchasisa isikhathi ngendlela elula. Kodwa ukuchasisa isikhathi ngendlela eyodwa ezosebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha kusayinto ehluka ngisho ongoti. Ngokwesintu, igama elithi isikhathi sihambisana namagama afana nelithi ikhathi, umkhathi, inkathi, phakathi, achaza kanje:

• *Ikhathi* - umgamu ongaba nesilinganiso eside oyithuba lokwenza okuthile. Isibonelo, khathizonke, khathisimbe.

• *Isikhathi* - umumo ohleliwe ophelele noma oyingxenye onemigamu. Ingakho sibuza ukuthi ngasiphi isikhathi, ngasikhathi sini, izikhathi ezingakhi.

• *Inkathi* - ingumgamu oyinto engumongo. Isibonelo, inkathi yasebusika, inkathi Yethusi, inkathi kaShaka. 

• *Umkhathi* - ungumgamu ongumongo ngokwawo. Ibanga, isikhala, inqeke ziwumkhathi ophakathi kwezinti ezimbili.

• *Phakathi* - kusho ukuthi luyingxenye yomgamu.

## Amaphathelelo
U-Mohamed Salah

U-Mohamed Salah Hamed Mahrous Ghaly (owazalwa ngo-1992) ungumdlali webhola wase-Egypt. Uwine Umklomelo Womdlali Ongcono Kakhulu ngo-2018 e-England.

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

## Imithombo
UMichael Jackson

**UMichael Joseph** Jackson (Agasti 29, 1958 - Juni 25, 2009) wayengumculi nombhali wengoma waseMelika.

## Imithombo
UKrikor Melkonian

UKrikor Melkonian uyindoda yokuqala eyenza ugwayi e-Egypt.

## usuku
Yasungulwa ngo-1882, i-Krikor & Garabed Group isungule indlunkulu yayo e-Egypt..
Uhlu losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe

* Ahmed Abu Hashima
* Abdel Naser Abdel Fatah
* Mahmoud AlArabi
* Mahmoud Taher
* Mahmoud Othman
* Othman Ahmed Othman
* Ahmed Ezz
* U-Ahmed Zulfiqar
* Hossam Aboul Fotouh
* U-Mohamed AlFayed
* Naguib Sawiris 
* Nassef Sawiris 
* Samih Sawiris
*
* Ahmed Bahjat Fattouh.
Ahmed Abu Hashima

**Ahmed Hamdi Abu Hashima** Abdel Aziz, usomabhizinisi waseGibhithe, owazalwa ngo-1975, umsunguli weqembu lezinkampani.

= Bhekafuthi =
* losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe ‎
=imithombo yangaphandle=
Mahmoud AlArabi

Mahmoud Elaraby ungusomabhizinisi waseGibhithe, owasungula i-Elaraby Companies ngo-1964. Usuku kanye nendawo yokuzalwa 1932, Abu Raqba

= Bhekafuthi =
* losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe ‎

=imithombo yangaphandle=
Ahmed Ezz

U-Ahmed Abdel Aziz Ezz, owazalwa ngo-1959, ungusomabhizinisi waseGibhithe.

## Bhekafuthi
* losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe ‎
## imithombo yangaphandle