open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uhlsport

**I-Uhlsport GmbH** ingumkhiqizi wezimpahla zemidlalo waseJalimane. Ekuqaleni yasungulwa ngo-1948 njengo- "Haase & Uhl OHG" futhi kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "Karl Uhl GmbH", inkampani yaba "uhlsport GmbH" ngo-1994.Yinkampani yamazwe omhlaba enekomkhulu layo elihlala njalo eBalingen eBaden-Württemberg, eJalimane.

Le nkampani ikhiqiza futhi isakaze imikhiqizo yayo ngemikhiqizo i-Uhlsport neKempa.

## Umlando

Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1948 nguKarl Uhl.Ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kugxile ekwakhiweni kwezikopelo zesikhumba zamabhuthi ebhola, kwathi ngonyaka we-1953 uhlsport nayo yaqala ukukhiqiza amathe ebhola lezinyawo labakhiqizi bezicathulo zemidlalo.Eminyakeni eyalandela eminye imikhiqizo yengezwa, kufaka phakathi onogada be-shin, amabhandeshi ezemidlalo, izinyawo zebhola kanye namagilavu konozinti, kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni uhlsport GmbH isisungule uhla oluphelele lwemishini yebhola.Kusukela ngo-2002, inkampani abelokhu esebenza ngamasu multi-brand football kanye handball.

## Imikhiqizo nemikhiqizo
Umkhiqizo "uhlsport" ugxile ebholeni, ikakhulukazi imishini yonozinti. Kusukela ngo-2002, imishini yebhola lesandla iye yathengiswa ngomkhiqizo wenkampani "iKempa".

Inkampani yaseJalimane isebenza ngecebo lokusabalalisa ngokungaqondile nezinkampani ezingaphansi kweFrance, eSpain naseSweden kanye nabaphathi bezwe e- UK, Benelux naseSwitzerland .I-Uhlsport inabanye ozakwethu bokusabalalisa abangama-80 emhlabeni jikelele.Ngo-1998, inkampani yathengiswa ngumndeni wakwa-Uhl emndenini wakwaDaiss.

## Uxhaso

I-Uhlsport ingumhlinzeki wezinsiza ezisemthethweni ku- 1. FC Köln naku- 1. FC Magdeburg,  Njengomxhasi webhola osemthethweni uhlsport esekela i-French Ligue 1 ne-French Ligue 2.Onozinti u- Alphonso Areola, u-Oliver Baumann, u- Odysseas Vlachodimos, uLukas Hradecky, uRon-Robert Zieler nabanye badlala ngamagilavu e-uhlsport. 

UKampa ungumxhasi osemthethweni ku- HBW Balingen-Weilstetten, TVB 1898 Stuttgart, Bergischer HC, Buxtehuder SV (abesifazane) kanye ne- HSG Bensheim / Auerbach (abesifazane).
Olokun

**I-Olokun** ( Yoruba : **Olóòkun** ) umoya we- orisha enkolweni yaseYoruba.U-Olokun kukholakala ukuthi ungumzali ka-Aje, i-orisha yengcebo enkulu kanye naphansi kolwandle.U-Olokun uhlonishwa njengomphathi wayo yonke indikimba yamanzi kanye negunya eliphezu kwezinye izithixo zamanzi.U-Olokun udunyiswa kakhulu ngokukwazi kwabo ukunika ingcebo enkulu, impilo nempumelelo kubalandeli babo.Imiphakathi kuzo zombili eNtshonalanga Afrika and abaHlakazekile Afrika ukubuka Olokun ezihlukahlukene ngokuthi owesifazane, owesilisa noma androgynous .   

## ENtshonalanga Afrika

Izithixo zamanzi "zikuyo yonke indawo futhi zibaluleke kakhulu eningizimu yeNigeria"; Ukukhulekelwa kuka-Olókun kwaziwa kakhulu emadolobheni abantu base- Edo eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNigeria.Ezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga Afrika ezisondele ngqo ngasogwini, u-Olokun uthatha isimo sowesilisa phakathi kwabakhulekeli bakhe ngenkathi esehinterland, i-Olokun ingunkulunkulu wesifazane. 

Ngokwamasiko amaYoruba mayelana nobukhosi babo obungcwele, u-Olokun - esesimweni somuntu wesifazane - wayengunkosikazi omkhulu ka- Emperor Oduduwa.Umbango wakhe nomunye wamakhosikazi akhe kuthiwa yiwona oholele ekutheni akhombise i- Atlantic Ocean.

## ISantería
I-Olokun iyi-orisha enkolweni yaseSantería.I-Olokun iyi-orisha e-androgynous, okusho ukuthi i-Olokun ngowesilisa nowesifazane, kuya ngokuthi yi-Olokun yase-Ifá noma i-Olokun yase-Ocha.  

## UPataki
Ngokusho *kweThe Book Of Ifá*, u-Olokun wathukuthela wagana unwabu wasukumela phezulu.Njengoba u-Olokun enza lokhu ukucwilisa abantu, ama-orisha aye e- Orunmila ayombuza ukuthi enzeni.U-Orunmila ubatshele ukuthi u- Ogun udinga ukudala uchungechunge olude kunayo yonke angayakha.Ekugcineni kwakungu- Obatala owayenomsebenzi wokubopha u-Olokun endaweni yakhe.Ukwazi lokhu, u-Obatala waya ku-Ogun wamcela ukuthi enze iketanga wenza njalo.U-Obatala wabe esehlela olwandle wabamba u-Olokun ngalo.

## Bhekafuthi

* Abantu baseYoruba
* Abantu bakwaBini
Busisiwe Mkhwebane

**Busisiwe Mkhwebane** kuyinto eNingizimu Afrika u-Advocate, umtjhutjhisi ombudsman, osekhonze njengoba 4th uMvikeli woMphakathi yaseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2022.

## Impilo yokuqala kanye nemfundo
UMkhwebane wazalelwa eBethal eMpumalanga ngomhlaka 2 Febhuwari 1970, wenza ibanga leshumi eMkhephula Secondary School ngo-1988.Uthole iziqu ze-BProc elandelwa yi-LLB evela e- University of the North (manje eyi-University of Limpopo).Ngemuva kwalokho, wathola idiploma yezomthetho wezamabhizinisi kanye nediploma ephakeme ngentela eRand Afrikaans University (manje eyi-University of Johannesburg).Ngo-2010 waphothula iMasters in Business Leadership e- University of South Africa . 

#### Iphrojekthi yeVrede Dairy
NgoMeyi 2019, umbiko kaMkhwebane ophathelene neVrede Dairy Project kwathiwa awuhambisani noMthethosisekelo futhi wabekelwa eceleni, iNkantolo eNkulu yaseGauteng yathola ukuthi uMvikeli woMphakathi wehlulekile emisebenzini yakhe yokuphenya ngalolu hlelo.Ihhovisi loMvikeli Womphakathi liyalelwe ukuthi likhokhe izindleko zale nselelo, ezinye izindleko zanikezwa uMkhwebane uqobo. NgoJuni 2022, uMengameli uCyril Ramaphosa wamisa uMxazululi weRiphabhulikhi u-Busisiwe Mkhwebane, oqokwe ukuthi aphathe uphiko olulwa nenkohlakalo ngowayenguMengameli uJacob Zuma futhi ohlale esolwa ngokuchema.

## Izinkomba
Nxt

**I-NXT** ingumthombo ovulekile we- cryptocurrency nenethiwekhi yokukhokha eyethulwe ngo-2013 ngonjiniyela *wesoftware* ongaziwa i-BCNext.Isebenzisa ubufakazi bokuthi kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni ukufinyelela ukuvumelana kokuthengiselana-ngenxa yalokho kunemali emile.Ngokungafani neBitcoin, azikho izimayini.   I-NXT ikhulelwe ngokukhethekile njengeplatifomu eguquguqukayo ezungeze izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha nezinsizakalo zezezimali, futhi isebenza njengesisekelo se-ARDR ( *Ardor* ), ipulatifomu yamaketanga amaningi we-blockchain-as-a-service akhiqizwa nguJelurida, kanye ne- IoTeX (cryptocurrency) umphathi wamanje weNxt kusukela ngo-2021.I-NXT imbozwe kakhulu embikweni we- "Call for Evidence" yi- ESMA.

## Umlando
I-NXT yenziwe ngezinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi eziyinkulungwane.Mhlaka-28 Septhemba 2013, Bitcointalk.org ilungu BCNext wadala intambo iforamu ekumemezeleni ukwethulwa okuhlongozwayo NXT njengoba lesibili isizukulwane cryptocurrency wacela iminikelo ezincane bitcoin ukunquma ukuthi ungasabalalisa esigxotsheni kokuqala.Ngo-18 Novemba 2013, ukuqoqwa kwemali kwe-NXT kwavalwa.

Umnikelo wohlamvu lwemali lokuqala waqoqa ama- bitcoins angama- 21 abiza u- $ 17,000 wase-US. 

NgoJulayi 2016, i-NXT yethule izifanekiso ze-Smart Transaction, ezazenzelwe ukusebenza njengezakhiwo zokwakha amabhizinisi ukwakha izixazululo zeBlockchain zezinkinga ezithile. 

## Izici
Ingqalasizinda eyinhloko ye-NXT iyinkimbinkimbi, okuthi, uma iqhathaniswa ne- Bitcoin elula futhi elula, idale amathuba amaningi amaphutha noma amaphutha.Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvumela abantu besithathu ukuthi banikele kwi-blockchain kalula.

I-NXT's Asset Exchange ingukushintshana kontanga okuvumela ukuhwebelana okwabiwayo kwamasheya nezimpahla ze-crypto.Njengoba i-blockchain iyi-ledger yomphakathi engenakuguqulwa yokuthengiselana, ingahlinzeka ngerekhodi lokuhweba lezinye izinto ngaphandle kwe-NXT.Ukwenza lokhu, i-NXT ivumela ukubekwa noma "ukufakwa umbala" kohlamvu lwemali oluthile, olwakha ibhuloho elisuka emhlabeni we-virtual cryptocurrency uye emhlabeni womzimba."Uhlamvu lwemali olunemibala" lungamela impahla, amasheya / amabhondi, izimpahla, noma imiqondo.

I-NXT inemilayezo engaqondakali engasetshenziswa ukuthumela umbhalo obhalwe ngokufihliwe noma ocacile kanye nedatha (kufika kuma-byte ayi-1000 wedatha unomphela noma ama-kilobytes angama-42 emininingwane yesikhathi esilinganiselwe).Ngenxa yalokhu, ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha izinsizakalo zokwabelana ngamafayela, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphansi, nezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-NXT.

I-NXT ivumela abaphathi bemali noma i-NXT-Assets ukuthi bavote ngendlela eqinisekisiwe futhi eqinisekiswe ngaphandle.Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukunquma ngezinqumo zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo noma ukuvota kwabaninimasheya, futhi Kungasetshenziswa nasokhethweni lomphakathi nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezisuselwa emphakathini.

Ama-plugin we-NXT avumela abathuthukisi bangaphandle ukuthi bengeze izici noma izithuthukisi zokusebenziseka.Ama-plug-ins aqukethe ibhokisi lesanti.

## Izinkomba
WWE protein domain

## Umsebenzi
Izizinda ze-WWE zenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili ezisebenzayo zamaprotheni, okungukuthi lezo ezihambisana nobiquitination kanye nalezo ezihlobene ne-poly-ADP ribosylation ( PARP ).Ngakho-ke, izizinda ze- WWE zibamba umsebenzi obalulekile ekudlulisweni kwesiginali, ukonakala kwamaprotheni, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA kanye ne- apoptosis . 

## Ukusebenzisana kwamaprotheni
I WWE lesizinda yaqanjwa ezintathu zalo alondolozwe izinsalela, W no-E izinsalela ( tryptophans futhi glutamate ngokulandelana), futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi ethize ngasolinye amaprotheni-amaprotheni ekusebenzisaneni e ubiquitin futhi Adp ribose lokuhlanganisa izinhlelo (midi Adp ribose polymerase).Lesi sizinda itholakala njengendlela Ngohlelo uphinda ngesikhathi N-ukuphela Deltex, a cytosolic effector ka Notch mkhosi okucatshangwa uxhumano nomsebenzisi N-ukuphela kwe-Notch yokwamukela .  Iphinde itholakale njengemodyuli yokuxhumana kuma- protein ubiquination kanye ne-ADP ribosylation protein . 

## Isakhiwo
Ngaphakathi kwemodyuli ngayinye ye-WWE, izinsalela zakha izakhiwo ezimbili ezifanayo ezibalulekile ekusimeni kwaso.Amamojula amabili e-WWE ahlangana futhi akha umsantsa omkhulu ofanele ukubopha ama-polypeptides anwetshiwe.Amamojula amabili e-WWE amukela ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe ikakhulu okuqukethe imicu ye-beta, nge- alpha helix eyodwa kumamojula womabili nangengxenye eyengeziwe emfushane ye-helical kusigaba sesibili seWWE.Amamojula amabili we-WWE abamba i- eksisi yokujikeleza kabili. 

## Izinkomba
Muho Asllani

**UMuho Asllani wayengusopolitiki** wase- Albania we- Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh).Wayeyilungu lePolitburo, owayemele iPhalamende lase -Albania iminyaka eminingi, uNobhala Wokuqala Weqembu ezifundeni eziningana, futhi eyilungu leKhabinethi yase-Albania ngo-1976-79.

## I-Biography
U-Asllani wazalwa ngomhlaka 17 Okthoba 1937 eBërdicë, eduzane naseShkodër, emndenini ompofu. Ngemuva kokufunda esikoleni sobuchwepheshe bezolimo eShkodër, wafunda ngo-1961-1964 e-Agricultural Institute, manje eyi- Agricultural University of Tirana (Alb: *Universiteti Bujqësor Tiranës* ).

### Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
I-6th Congress ye-PPSh ngo-1968 yamthola elandela i- "V. Lenin" Party School eTirana.Kuleyo ngqungquthela, waba yilungu leCentral Committee of the Party, yize phambilini wayengelona ukhetho.Ngonyaka olandelayo wasebenza njengoNobhala wePhathi eShkodër, eshintsha noProkop Murra .
Leaseweb

**ILeaseweb** yinkampani yamaDashi yamafu neyezinkonzo zewebhu ezinamahhovisi eYurophu, e-Asia nase-United States.

ILeaseweb iyinkampani ephethwe yi-OCOM, okuyinkampani yezinsizakalo ze-intanethi eyakhelwe e-Amsterdam, eNetherlands.

## Umlando
ILeaseweb yasungulwa ngo-1997 ngabashayeli bezindiza abangamaDashi uCon Zwinkels noLaurens Rosenthal.

Ngo-1998, iLeaseweb yathola amaseva ayo okuqala yase isungula ihhovisi layo lokuqala e-Utrecht.Ngo-2005 inkampani yayiphethe amaseva angu-5 000, inombolo eyayiphindwe kabili yaya ku-10,000 eminyakeni emibili kamuva.

Ngo-2007, uLeaseweb wathuthela ikomkhulu lenkampani endaweni yase-Amsterdam.Ngo-2010, iLeaseweb ithola abahlinzeki bokusingathwa baseJalimane iNetdirekt.Ku-2016, uLeaseweb uthola i-Nobis Technology Group ese-Illinois, kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwe-Ubiquity Hosting.  Ku-2018, iLeaseweb USA ithola iServInt, ukusingathwa kwewebhu okusekwe eNyakatho Virginia nezinsizakalo zokubamba ezenzelwe imisebenzi ye-IT yefu. 

## Inethiwekhi yokuqashisa
Le nkampani isebenza ngezikhungo eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zedatha eYurophu, e- Asia nase- United States .Intanga yeLeaseweb enezingxoxo ze-Intanethi e- Amsterdam, Stockholm, Warsaw, Budapest, Vienna, Frankfurt, Dusseldorf, Zurich, Brussels, Paris, Luxembourg, London, Madrid, Washington DC, New York, Miami, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas, Phoenix, Los Angeles, Palo Alto, Seattle, San Jose, Hong Kong naseSingapore .

## Inethiwekhi kanye nabasunguli be-database
Le nkampani isebenza ngokugcina imininingwane eyisishiyagalombili eYurophu, e- Asia nase- United States . I-Leaseweb ibanga ngokushintshana nge-Intanethi e- Amsterdam, eFrankfurt, eLondon, eNew York City, eBrussels, eStockholm, eMadrid, eZurich, eDusseldorf, eParis, eWarsaw, eBudapest, eMilan, eVienna, ePrague, eLuxembourg, eBucharest, eBratislava, eCopenhagen, e- Oslo, e- Ashburn, IMiami, iChicago, iDallas, iPalo Alto neLos Angeles.Inethiwekhi yeLeaseweb iqukethe ama-Points-of-Presence angama-55 nama-33 Internet Exchanges emhlabeni jikelele.Inethiwekhi inomthamo womkhawulokudonsa we-5.5 Tbit / s nge-peak traffic cishe ngo-2.5 Tbit / s futhi ibika isikhathi sokuphumula esingu-99.9999% 

## Izinkomba
Oloibiri

**I-Oloibiri** umphakathi omncane e- Ogbia LGA etholakala eBayelsa State, esifundeni esisempumalanga yeNiger Delta eNigeria .Izakhamizi zomphakathi wase-Oloibiri ikakhulukazi zingabadobi nabalimi.Le yindawo yokuqala u-Oyili atholakala okokuqala eNigeria.

I-Oloibiri yidolobha elinomlando embonini kawoyela negesi eNigeria.Ukutholakala kokuqala kukawoyela eNigeria edolobheni lase-Oloibiri nguShell Darcy ngoJanuwari 15, 1956.

Ukutholakala kukawoyela e-Oloibiri akubasizanga abantu abaningi baseNigeria futhi kuholele ekubhujisweni kwemvelo nangendlela yokuphila yabantu bomdabu baseNiger Delta.Futhi ngokukhiqizwa kokuqala kwemiphongolo ka-oyela engu-5 000 ngosuku (eyayizophenduka ibe ngu-2,000,000 kamuva), iNigeria yaba ngumkhiqizi ka-6th kawoyela eshadini leNhlangano Yamazwe Athekelisa Uphethiloli i-OPEC.

Oloibiri kahle kwakuwumthombo wokuqala kawoyela wokuhweba eNigeria. I-Oloibiri Oilfield kwakuyinkambu yokuqala kawoyela yokuhweba eNigeria kanye naseNtshonalanga Afrika.INigeria yathumela uwoyela wayo ongahluziwe wokuqala ngoFebhuwari 1958 kusuka ensimini kawoyela i-Oloibiri.Ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe okokuqala eNigeria kwaqhamuka emkhakheni wase-Oloibiri ngoFebhuwari 1958.Ipayipi lokuqala likawoyela ongahluziwe laseNigeria labekwa lisuka enkanjini kawoyela i-Oloibiri laya ePort Harcourt emfuleni iBonny (iBonny Export Terminal).

## Isimo samanje
Njengoba idolobha lase-Oloibiri 'laliyindawo yokuzalwa' kawoyela eNigeria, kungumbono wamehlo abuhlungu. https://www.arabianjbmr.com/pdfs/OM_VOL_2_(11)/4.pdf   Indawo ayithuthuki kahle, abantu bangabalimi abampofu, izinga lobhadane alikho emashadini,  izinga lokungasebenzi liyethusa,  futhi umhlaba wabo uhlaselwe yimivimbo ebulalayo yokuchitheka kukawoyela. Uwoyela ose-Oloibiri usuvele woma kodwa akukho okukhombisa ukuthi bekuyindawo lapho kuqhamuke khona ukuqhamuka kukawoyela eNigeria.Ngamagama alula, kungashiwo ukuthi idolobha lase-Oloibiri lasetshenziswa futhi 'lalahlwa' ngemuva kokuthi abahloli bamafutha bengasatholakali ukusetshenziswa kwalo.UHulumeni Wombuso waseNigeria wake wathembisa ukuthi uzokwakha umnyuziyamu e-Oloibiri, kodwa kuze kube manje, leso sithembiso asikagcwaliseki.
Kiraz Mevsimi

***UKiraz Mevsimi*** uchungechunge lwedrama yaseTurkey oludlala kuFox TV . Iphinde yabizwa ngesi-Arabhu eMiddle East ku- MBC 4, ngesi-Urdu ePakistan ku- ARY Zindagi, e-Indonesia e-Indonesia ku- Trans TV kanye nase-Italy e-Italy e- Kanale 5.

## Isiza
Iphupho lika-Öykü elikhulu lokuba ngumklami wemfashini ophumelelayo. Uhlala nonina (uMeral) nomfowabo omncane uCem. Uthandane nomngane wakhe omkhulu umfowabo kaBurçu umfowabo uMete kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kepha uMete akazizwa ngendlela efanayo.Ngolunye usuku, uMete uthandana nomngani ka-Öykü onobugovu uSeyma, ngakho-ke u-kykü uyayeka ngoMete.U-kykü ube esehlangana ngephutha nomngani omkhulu kaMete nozakwabo ebhizinisini u-Ayaz Dincer. UAyaz uyindoda ebukekayo, uthandana no-kyk ngaso leso sikhathi futhi noma engamxosha, ulokhu ebuya.Ngelinye ilanga uBurcu, umngani ka-Öykü, uthumela ibhokisi loshokholethi nenothi lothando kumfowabo, kepha yena ulisayina ngegama lika-kykü. Lapho u-Öykü ethola, ugijimela ehhovisi likaMete ayothatha isipho esinenothi ngaphambi kokuba asibone.Lapho efika, u-Ayaz usevele usibonile isipho futhi uthukile ukusibona sivela ku-Oyku, uthola ukuthi intombazane ayithandayo isothandweni nomngani wakhe omkhulu. Ngalo mzuzu uMete ufika abuze ukuthi leso sipho sikabani.U-kykü, enamahloni futhi esaba ukuphendula kwakhe, uthi ulethe isipho ku-Ayaz futhi utshela uMete ukuthi uthandana nomngani wakhe, kodwa-ke amanga lawo.Ngakho-ke u-Ayaz no-Öykü bazenza abantu abashadile, baze baqale ukuthandana ngokweqiniso. 

## Abalingisi

* U-gezge Gürel njengo-kykü Acar
* USerkan Çayoğlu njengo-Ayaz Dinçer
* UDağhan Külegeç njengoMete Uyar
* UNilperi Şahinkaya njengo-Şeyma Çetin
* UFatma Toptaş njengoSibel Korkmaz
* USerkan Börekyemez njengo-kerlker Korkmaz
* UNihal Işıksaçan njengoBurcu Uyar
* U-Aras Aydın njengo-Emre Yiğit
* UNeslihan Yeldan njengo-Önem Dinçer
* U-Ayşegül Ünsal njengoMeral Acar
* UNezih Cihan Aksoy njengo-Olcay
* UTamer Berke Sarıkaya njengeCem Acar
* UHakan Çimenser njengoBülent Uyar
* U-Atilla Saral njengoMehmet Karaylı
* UHasan Şahintürk njengoKemal Acar
* UJale Arıkan njengoMonika Sessa
* Ozgur Cevik njengoDerin Aydın

## Ukubuka konke kochungechunge

## Ukusakaza kwamazwe omhlaba
Laloo Chiba

**U-Ishwarlal Laloo "Isu" Chiba** (5 Novemba 1930 - 8 Disemba 2017) wayengusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika futhi evukela umbuso. Waboshwa wagwetshwa e- Little Rivonia Trial ngo-1964 noMac Maharaj kanye noWilton Mkwayi ukujoyina uNelson Mandela, uWalter Sisulu, uGovan Mbeki nezinye iziboshwa ezingamavukelambuso eRobben Island . 

## Isiqalo sempilo yakhe
Wazalelwa emndenini wamaHindu eGoli . Ngesikhathi esemncane wafunda eBree Street Primary School kwathi kamuva wafunda eGoli Indian High School eFordsburg .  Washada noLuxmi eNdiya ngomhlaka 5 Meyi 1952.  Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950, uChiba waba ngumngani no- Ahmed Kathrada, uHerbie Pillay noBobby noTommy Vassen, bonke bengamalungu eTransvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC). 

## Irivolushinari
Ngaphambi kwezehlakalo zaseSharpville, uChiba wayeyisishoshovu kuTransvaal Indian Congress ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950 kanye neSouth African Communist Party ngo-1960.   Ngemuva kwesibhicongo saseSharpeville ngo-1960, waphetha ngokuthi imibhikisho enokuthula yehlulekile futhi kwakudingeka impi, ngakho-ke wajoyina uphiko lwe- ANC, uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) ngo-1961. 

Wayengumphathi wamasosha ngo-1962 futhi eyilungu leHigh Command yalolu phiko ngo-1963.  Wabanjwa futhi wahlukunyezwa ngemuva komzamo owahluleka wokucikela phansi umzila wesitimela.  Yena nalo lonke iqembu bagwetshwa njengamalungu enhlangano evinjelwe futhi bathunyelwa eRobben Island.  Wakhishwa ngo-1982, waqhubeka nomsebenzi we-ANC njengelungu le- United tic Front .  Ngo-1983, waba ngomunye wamaphini kamongameli weTransvaal Indian Congress.  Waphinde waboshwa ngoJulayi 1985 futhi wadedelwa ngaphandle kokuqulwa kwecala ngoMashi 1986, ngemuva kwalokho wacasha ukuze aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe we-ANC. 

Kuthe ngokuvulwa umlomo ngokusemthethweni kwe-ANC ngo-1990, waba ngumengameli wegatsha layo laseLenasia.  Wakhethelwa ukuya ephalamende laseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1994 nango-1999.  Ngo-2004 waqokwa waba yilungu le- Order of Luthuli .  Wayeyilungu lebhodi le- Ahmed Kathrada Foundation . 

## Ukufa
UChiba washona ngomhlaka 8 Disemba 2017.  Ushiye unkosikazi uLuxmi, amadodakazi amathathu - uGita, uKailash, noYaswanti, abazukulu abayisikhombisa, nezingane zabazuku ezine.  

## Amareferensi
Lovers Mohlala

**UJetiro Mohlala,** ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi **Lovers Mohlala,** (owazalwa 26 Apreli 1975) umdlali waseNingizimu Afrika wangaphambili webhola ababedlala efanele njengoba kwesokunxele-fullback e Greece futhi eNingizimu Afrika.Uthole izicoco eziyisishiyagalolunye eqenjini lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika, waqokelwa esikwatini esizobamba iqhaza kwiCOSAFA Cup ngo-2002.

## Umsebenzi
Wazalelwa e- Alexandra, uMohlala waphenduka ubuchwepheshe eWits University ngo-1992.Ngemuva kwamasizini amahlanu neWits, wajoyina iMamelodi Sundowns.Ngemuva kokuhluleka kwe FC FCenhagen, uMohlala uphoqelele ukufudukela kuMaZulu .Ngemuva kwesikhashana, usayine kabusha neWits, ngaphambi kokudlulela kuJomo Cosmos.

NgoJanuwari 2004, uMohlala wasayina neqembu laseSuperleague Greece u- Aris Thessaloniki, kodwa wadlala imidlalo emibili kuphela yeligi ngaphambi kokubuyela eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.Uzodlalela iJomo Cosmos, Silver Stars, Moroka Swallows, AmaZulu neBlack Leopards ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2009. 

UMohlala wayemele iNingizimu Afrika kuyo yonke iminyaka yobudala.Uqale ukudlala umdlalo wakhe omkhulu emdlalweni weCOSAFA Cup ngo-1999 neBotswana.
Mathibe Mohlala

**UMathibe Rebecca Mohlala ungusopolitiki** waseNingizimu Afrika.Wakhethwa njengelungu lePhalamende ePhalamende Likazwelonke leqembu le- Economic Freedom Fighters ngo- 2019.

Selokhu aba yilungu lePhalamende, usebenze ekomidini elibhekele ezezimali.
Tim Berners-Lee

**UTimothy John Berners-Lee**, owazalwa ngoJuni 8, 1955 eLondon, ungusosayensi wamakhompiyutha waseBrithani, umqambi omkhulu weWorld Wide Web (WWW) ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 ngenkathi esebenza eCERN. NgoJulayi 2004, wahlonishwa yiNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II ngalo msebenzi futhi igama lakhe elisemthethweni laba nguSir Timothy John Berners-Lee. Kusukela ngo-1994, ubengusihlalo we-World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), okuyinhlangano ayisungula. Ungumnqobi we-Turing Prize ka-2016.

UTim Berners-Lee uthathwa njengomsunguli we-HTML ngo-1992. Wasizwa ekuqaleni kwakhe ngunjiniyela kanye nososayensi waseBelgium uRobert Cailliau owasayina naye ngokuphawulekayo, ngoNovemba 1990, umqulu osungene emlandweni futhi enesihloko esithi "WorldWideWeb: Isiphakamiso sephrojekthi ye-hypertext". Nasi isibonelo sewebhusayithi eyenziwe nge-HTML: création de site web.
Xolisile Qayiso

**UXolisile Shinars Qayiso** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 8 kuNhlolanja 1962) ungusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika futhi uyilungu lesiGungu Sikazwelonke saseNingizimu Afrika.Uyilungu le- African National Congress.

## Impilo yokuqala kanye nemfundo
UQayiso wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 8, 1962. Uqale isikole eByelkanderkoms Primary School eBloemfontein West ngo-1972 futhi wenza ibanga leshumi eMoemedi High School ngo-1984.Ngemuva konyaka eqeqeshwa futhi ethola isitifiketi, waqashwa njengomsizi wobuhlengikazi obhalisiwe. Wabe esenza izifundo ezimfishane eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika wathola isitifiketi sokuphathwa kolwazi. UQayiso njengamanje ugcwalisa izifundo ze-Basic Principle of Labour Law eNyuvesi yaseFree State . 

## Ezombusazwe
Njengezinyunyana, uQayiso wayeyilungu leNational Education, Health and Allied Workers 'Union futhi engumphathi wesitolo.  Wayengumphathisikhwama wesifundazwe weNEHAWU kwesinye isigaba.Ubuye wasebenza njengosihlalo wesifundazwe kanye nephini likasihlalo weCongress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) eFree State . 

UQayiso ubephethe nehhovisi legatsha futhi esebenza njengomxhumanisi wabasizi bezomthetho esifundeni.Wayeyilungu leMangaung Advice Centre ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. 

UQayiso wajoyina i- African National Congress ngo-1992 kwathi kamuva wajoyina iSouth African Communist Party .Ubeyilungu lesigungu esiphezulu egatsheni elifundiswe ezombusazwe. Njengamanje uyilungu lesigungu esiphezulu se-ANC esifundazweni. 

### Iphalamende
UQayiso wama njengelungu lephalamende le-ANC ePhalamende eFree State okhethweni lukazwelonke lwango -2019, wase eqokwa ePhalamende Likazwelonke futhi wafungiswa ngomhlaka 22 Meyi 2019. 

Ephalamende, uyilungu leKomidi eliHlangene lokuPhathwa kweziMali lePhalamende kanye neKomidi Elimiwe Lokwabiwa Kwezimali. 

## Izinkomba
Ukubhoboza iClitoris

{**Ukubhoboza i-clitoris ukubhoboza** izitho zangasese zesifazane okubekwe ngqo ekhanda (glans) le clitoris uqobo.Kuwukubhoboza okungajwayelekile ngokuzikhethela ngenxa yamandla omonakalo wezinzwa, futhi ngoba abesifazane bangakuthola kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuvumela ukugqokwa njalo kweringi encane noma i-barbell.Kuvame ukudideka nokubhoboza okuvame kakhulu kwe- clitoral hood, okubhoboza kuphela isembozo esimboze i-glitoral glans,  okuvumela ubucwebe ukuthi buxhumane kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile nendawo ebucayi kakhulu.

## Jikelele
Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kwezobuciko bokubhoboza kuvumele izindawo eziningi ezihlukile ukuthi zenziwe zithandwe ngenhloso yokukhuthaza kakhulu kunalokho okungafinyelelwa ngokugqoka ubucwebe ku-hood, kepha okuncane ukwedlula okuvela ngqo ku-clitoris.

Ngokuya ngesimo somuntu ngamunye, ukubhoboza i-clitoris, ikakhulukazi ukubhoboza i-clitoral hood, kungabhekiswa ngokuqondile noma ngokuvundlile. I-clitoris inikezwe ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kweziphetho zezinzwa futhi njengokubhoboza izitho zangasese zowesilisa okungena ngaphakathi kumthondo we-glans, ukubhoboza okwehlisayo kungashukumisa kakhulu ngokocansi lapho kwenziwa ukuphathwa kabi, noma ukudlidliza, yingakho ukuthandwa kwabo emasikweni athile we-S &amp;amp; M, lapho imihlobiso emincane esindayo ivame ukufakwa ukukhulisa ukuzwa.

UPiercer Elayne Angel uthe "kwabesifazane abambalwa kakhulu abafisa ngempela ukubhoboza i-clitoris (hhayi ukubhoboza i-clitoral hood), amaphesenti angama-90 kuye kwangama-95 akhiwe ngendlela efanelekile ukufaka ubucwebe ngekhanda lamakhosombe."Umuntu obhoboza intshontsho kufanele abe nesigaxa esikhulu esanele ukuvimbela ukufuduka kokugwazwa kanye nokulahleka okulandelayo ngoba isilinganiso sobucwebe obuningi bujwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umphumela we-'ish-cutter 'uma ubanjwa ezingutsheni, noma udonswa kanzima ngesikhathi socansi umsebenzi.

## Umlando namasiko
Lokhu kubhoboza kungokwemvelo yesimanje futhi akuvamile.Ngo-1989, umgibeli uJim Ward, okwaxoxwa naye no-Andrea Juno kwi- *Modern Primitives*, wathi "Sengineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ngisebhizinisini futhi angikaze ngenze okungaphezu kwesigamu kweshumi nambili." 

## Ubucwebe
Zombili izindandatho zobuhlalu obuthunjiwe nobucwebe besitayela se-barbell kungagqokwa kulokhu kubhoboza, kokubili njengobucwebe bokuqala nangesikhathi eside.

## Igalari

File:Christina Piercing 01.jpg|Ukubhoboza ama-clitoris ngamasongo wobuhlalu abathunjiwe kanye nokubhoboza kukaChristina
File:Lizas Labiaplastie.jpg|I-clitoris emile ibhoboza nge- barbell ngemuva kwe- labiaplasty (i- labia minora ne- clitoral hood isusiwe)
File:Barbara Clit.jpg|Clitoris hood ukubhoboza


## Izinkomba
Dibolelo Mahlatsi

**UKathleen Dibolelo Mahlatsi** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 12 Juni 1984) ungusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika futhi uyilungu lesiGungu Sikazwelonke saseNingizimu Afrika esivela eFree State.UMahlatsi uyilungu le- African National Congress .

## Impilo yokuqala nemvelaphi
UMahlatsi wazalwa ngomhlaka 12 Juni 1984 eBloemfontein.Ufunde eBrebner High School ngaphambi kokuyofunda eCentral University of Technology nase- University of Free State.Ngaphambi kokuthi aqokelwe ephalamende ngonyaka wezi-2019, uMahlatsi wayesebenzela uMnyango Wezemisebenzi Yomphakathi eFree State, uMgwaqo kanye Nezokuthutha kanye noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi eFreyistata.

## Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
NgoDisemba 2018, wakhethwa njengesekela lesibili likanobhala kazwelonke weYoung Communist League yaseNingizimu Afrika. 

### Iphalamende
Ngo- 2019, uMahlatsi walwela ukhetho ePhalamende Likazwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika njengo-5 ohlwini lwe-ANC lwabazongenela ukhetho ePhalamende Likazwelonke.I-ANC ibiphethe eFree State, yanqoba izihlalo eziyisishiyagalombili kwezingu-11.UMahlatsi wakhethwa okhethweni futhi wafungiswa esikhundleni sokuhlala okokuqala eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke omusha ngomhlaka 22 Meyi 2019. 

Ngomhlaka 27 kuNhlangulana 2019, waqokwa njengelungu leKomidi Likazwelonke Lwezolimo, Ukuguqulwa Komhlaba kanye Nentuthuko Yasemakhaya.Ngomhlaka 21 Agasti 2019, waba yilungu elingavoti leKomidi le-Ad Hoc lokuchibiyela iSigaba 25 soMthethosisekelo.UMahlatsi waba yilungu lokuvota ngomhlaka 10 Nhlolanja 2020. 

UMahlatsi uyakweseka ukuthathwa komhlaba ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo.Ngesikhathi senkulumompikiswano ngeNkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe yango-2020 mhla ziyi-18 kuNhlolanja 2020, uMahlatsi wathi: "Njenge-ANC, sibheke umhlaba, hhayi impahla. . . Hon. Somlomo, abampofu kumele banikezwe izindlela zokukhiqiza ukuze banqobe ubuphofu.Umhlaba kumele usetshenziswe njengempahla yezomnotho."NgoJuni 2020, uvotele ukusungula kabusha iKomidi le-Ad Hoc lokuchibiyela iSigaba 25 soMthethosisekelo ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi salo.Uthe "umhlaba untshontshiwe futhi kumele ubuyiswe" nokuthi i-ANC ikubonile ukuthinteka ngokomthetho, ezomnotho nezepolitiki ngaphandle kokunxeshezelwa. 

Ngo-Ephreli 2021, uMahlatsi wagxeka umholi we-United Democratic Movement , uBantu Holomisa isicelo sokuhlakazwa kukahulumeni kazwelonke nokuqokwa kwesikhashana kuze kube lukhetho oluzayo ngonyaka ka-2024, walubiza ngokuthi lwalunolwazi olungelona iqiniso, olwalunhlanhlatha futhi lwalusomathuba. 

## Izinkomba
Melina Gomba

**UMatshidiso Melina Gomba** ngusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika oke waba yilungu lePhalamende (MP) le- African National Congress kusukela ngo-2019. 

Njengamanje ungusihlalo wePortfolio Committee on Tourism.
Frenulum breve

**I-Frenulum breve**, noma i- **frenulum emfushane**, iyisimo lapho i- frenulum yepipi, okuyi-band ethandekayo yezicubu ngaphansi kwepenisi ye-glans exhuma kwijwabu futhi esiza ukuyibamba ngaphezulu kwe-glans, imfushane kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbela ukunyakaza wejwabu.I-frenulum kufanele ibe yinde ngokwanele futhi ithambe ngokwanele ukuvumela ukuhoxiswa okugcwele kwejwabu ukuze ilele kahle emuva emhumeni wenduku emile.

I-penile frenulum ifaniswa ne- frenulum yolimi phakathi kwendawo engaphansi yolimi nomhlathi ophansi, noma i-frenulum phakathi kwendebe engenhla nengaphandle kwensini ephezulu.

## Izimpawu nezimpawu
Ukuphuka kwe-Frenulum kungahle kube nzima ngokudwengula kwe-frenulum ngesikhathi socansi noma omunye umsebenzi futhi kuyimbangela ye- dyspareunia.Kungaholela ekubhaleni ngephutha ogulayo njengonenkinga yobungqingili. I-frenulum edabukile ingaholela ekuphulukisweni ngezicubu ezibomvu ezingashintshi kalula ngemuva kwesigameko esidala ubunzima obengeziwe.Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudabuka kungabuye kuxazulule inkinga, kuphulukise okufana nokuthi i-frenulum yinde futhi ngenxa yalokho ayisenankinga.

## Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-frenulum breve cishe kuhlala kudidaniswa nalokho kwe- phimosis kanye nejwabu eliqinile ngokuvamile, ngoba uphawu kunzima ukuhoxisa ijwabu. Iningi lamadoda ane-phimosis nawo ane-frenulum breve ngezinga elithile. 

## Ukwelashwa
Isimo singalashwa ngokuzivocavoca umzimba nokwelula okhilimu. Kungabuye kwelashwe ngokuhlinzwa. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha lesi simo. Ukuchusha umthungo kulwelwesi olungezansi, bese ubopha ifindo eliqinile elizungeze i-frenulum uqobo kuyindlela enciphisa isenzo sokuhlasela.Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa i-frenulum izoncipha futhi ekugcineni ihlukane ukuvumela i-prepuce ukuthi ihoxise ngokuphelele.Ezinye izinqubo zibandakanya ukusikwa kwesikhumba futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-suture ukusiza kunqubo yokuphulukisa.Ngenye indlela, ingalashwa ngokuhlinzwa okwenziwa kabusha kwepulasitiki okubizwa nge-frenuloplasty, noma ngokusoka okuphelele kubandakanya ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-frenulum ( frenectomy ).

## I-Etymology
Igama elithi "frenulum" liyisinciphiso segama lesiLatini elithi "frenum," elisho ukuthi "amatomu." I- "Breve" ayithathi hlangothi ngesiLatini "emfushane."

## Izinkomba
Parafimosis

**I-Pharafimosis** yisimo  lapho ijwabu lepipi livaleleka ngemuva kwepenisi le-glans, futhi *lingehliswe* (libuyiselwe esimweni salo esijwayelekile esimboze i-glans).Uma lesi simo siphikelela amahora amaningana noma kukhona noma yisiphi isibonakaliso sokushoda kokugeleza kwegazi, i-paraphimosis kufanele iphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, ngoba kungaholela ekulimaleni .   

## Izimbangela
I-Paraphimosis ivame ukubangelwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ( iatrogenic ) noma abazali abaphatha ijwabu ngokungafanele.  ijwabu lingakhishwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-penile, ukuhlanzwa kwe-penile, i- urethral catheterization, noma i- cystoscopy ; uma ijwabu lisale lihoxiswa isikhathi eside, ezinye izicubu zejwabu zingaba edematous (zivuvuke uketshezi), okwenza ukwehla kwejwabu kube nzima.

## Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa
I-Paraphimosis ingagwenywa ngokubuyisela ijwabu emuva esimweni salo esijwayelekile, phambili, esingabuyiswanga ngemuva kokuhoxa akusadingeki (ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokuhlanza i- glans penis noma ukubeka ipayipi le-Foley).I-Phimosis (kokubili amafomu we-pathologic kanye ne-physiologic ebuntwaneni ejwayelekile) iyingozi engcupheni ye-paraphimosis;  *physiologic* phimosis ixazululeka ngokwemvelo njengoba ingane ivuthwa, kepha kungakuhle ukwelapha i- *phologosis ye-pathologic* ngokusebenzisa amasu wokuhlinza okwelula isikhathi eside noma okhethwayo (njenge-preutioplasty ukukhulula i-orifice engaphambi kokuqokwa noma ukusoka ukunquma izicubu zejwabu kancane noma ngokuphelele).

Ijwabu liphendula ekusetshenzisweni kwengxabano ukudala ukwanda ngokwakha amangqamuzana amasha esikhumba yize inqubo ye- mitosis.Ukunwetshwa kwezicubu kungunaphakade.Ukwelulwa kwejwabu okungasetshenziswanga kungasetshenziselwa ukunweba ijwabu elincane, elingabuyiseki. Ukwelula kungahlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kokhilimu we-corticosteroid.  U-Beaugé uncoma ukuzelulela okwenziwa ngezandla kwabesilisa abasebasha kunokusoka njengokwelashwa kwejwabu elingabuyisi emuva ngenxa yokulondolozwa kwemizwa yezocansi. 

I-Paraphimosis ivame ukwelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuphathwa ngesandla kwezicubu zomzimba ezivuvukile.Lokhu kuhilela ukucindezela umthondo we-glans nokubuyisela ijwabu emuva endaweni yalo ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe ngosizo lwe-lubricant, ukubanda okubandayo, ne-anesthesia yendawo lapho kudingeka.Uma lokhu kwehluleka, ibhande eliqinile elicijile lezicubu lingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa ngomgogodla   noma ngokusoka.  Enye indlela, inqubo ye-Dundee, ifaka ukufaka ama-punctures amaningi kujwabu elivuvukile ngenaliti enhle, bese izwakalisa uketshezi lwe-edema ngokucindezela ngesandla. Ngokusho kukaGhory noSharma, ukwelashwa ngokusoka kungakhethwa "njengesixazululo sokugcina, esizokwenziwa ngudokotela womchamo ". Abanye ochwepheshe bancoma ukubambezela ukusoka okukhethiwe kuze kube yilapho sekuxazululwe i-paraphimosis. 

## Bhekafuthi

* I-Phimosis
* Ukusoka
* I-Preputioplasty

## Izinkomba
Priphuthioplasti

I-Preputioplasty iyindlela yokwelapha i- phimosis ehlukile ekusokeni nasekuqhekekeni okukhulu kwe- dorsal

* okulondolozayo, okungekho okuhlukumezayo futhi okungahlaseli kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ngokugula kwesibhedlela ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa kwasendaweni ehhovisi likadokotela futhi
* inethuba lokuphulukiswa ngokushesha okukhulu ngokushintsha okuncane kwezimonyo ekubukekeni kwenduku.

## Izindlela zokwenza i-preputioplasty

I-Preputioplasty ingenziwa nge- Z-plasty, nayo esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka kabusha ukuze kuxegise izicubu ezibomvu kulandela ukusha okubuhlungu.

Kodwa-ke, i-Y-plasty ne-Z-plasty zidinga izinga lokucwaninga lokuhlinza odokotela abajwayele ukukwenza.

Ngokuvamile kumane nje kube nokusikeka okukodwa noma okuningi okufushane kakhulu kwe-longitudinal okukhipha i-stenosis – indandatho yesicubu esincinanayo — ijwabu bese kuvalwa ngokushintshana: [&nbsp;|&nbsp;] ivaliwe futhi ishunciwe njenge- [&nbsp;-&nbsp;].

Ngokunye esikhundleni sokuthunga, "[h] i-aemostasis [yenziwe ngempumelelo] [ezinganeni] ngophenyo olushubile kusetshenziswa ilangabi lesibani sotshwala noma i-bipolar electrodiathermy." 

Kukodwa ukusika okubonisiwe kuMdwebo 3; uma kwenziwa ukusikeka okubili noma ngaphezulu lokhu kuzovimbela ukubhoboza okumise okwe-V lapho kuvulwa ijwabu lapho ipipi lingamile.Uma ukufakwa kufakwa ezinhlangothini zendandatho ye-phimotic, umphumela wokugcoba wokugcina ungcono.Kunconywa nokuthi izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba zibukeleke phansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yezimonyo engcono.

Ukuvulwa kwejwabu manje sekuvuleke ngokwanele ukuze ijwabu lihoxiswe kalula.Ijwabu libuye libe mfushane kancane (ngesigamu ubude bezimbobo ze-longitudinal esezivaliwe ngokuguqukayo) ngoba ukunwetshwa kwendandatho ye-phimotic kuthatha ubude bejwabu.Izifundo ezivela eqenjini elikhulu e-Indian Subcontinent zikhombisa ukwamukelwa okuhle nentshisekelo yokulondolozwa kwejwabu lapho kungekho zinkomba zenkolo zokususa ijwabu.

## Izinkomba

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

* Inqubo yokuhlinza
Chordee

**I-Chordee** yisimo lapho ikhanda lobudoda ligobele phansi noma phezulu, lapho kuhlangana khona ikhanda nomphimbo wepipi.Ukugoba kuvame ukusobala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, kepha ukumelana nokuqondiswa kuvame ukubonakala nasesimweni se-flaccid. Ezimweni eziningi kepha hhayi zonke, i-chordee ihlotshaniswa nama- hypospadias.Lesi akusona isimo esifanayo nesifo sikaPeyronie, esibandakanya ukugobeka komgogodla wenduku ikakhulu ngenxa yokulimala ngesikhathi sokuphila komuntu omdala.

## Izimpawu nezimpawu
Imvamisa kubhekwa njengokuzalwa okungahambi kahle kwesizathu esingaziwa.Kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kombungu ipipi ligobele phansi, kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi imiphumela ye-chordee kusuka ekuboshweni kwentuthuko ye-penile ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuvuthwa kwe-chordee kungabandakanya

# ukunamathisela isikhumba nge- urethra kanye ne-corpora yobukhulu obujwayelekile;
# ugobile esibangelwa cystic futhi contracture we fascial izicubu ( fascia Buck sika noma dartos ) ezungeze urethra;
# i-corpora enkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa maqondana nobude be-urethral ngaphandle kokunye okungajwayelekile okubonakalayo kokunye; noma
# i-urethra emfushane, e-fibrotic ebeka umthondo phansi (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu).

Ama-degree amabi we-chordee ajwayele ukuhlotshaniswa nama- hypospadias, kepha ama-degree amancane we-curvature angavela kwabesilisa abaningi abajwayelekile.Lapho i-penis egobile incane futhi ihambisana nama-hypospadias, ukuntuleka komphumela we-androgen ngaphambi kokubeletha kungacatshangelwa.

## Imbangela
I-chordee ingadalwa yisimo esingaphansi, njengokuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka kwezocansi noma isimo se- intersex, noma kusuka enkingeni yokusoka,   yize abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bengakubheki njengokuyiqiniso ngoba i- corporal imizimba ngokuvamile yakhiwa.Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke i-chordee yokuzalwa efaka phakathi i-corpora engajwayelekile, futhi imibiko yamacala omonakalo we-corpus cavernosum kusuka ekusokeni iyaphawulwa ezincwadini; ikakhulukazi njengenkinga ye-anesthetic yendawo. 

## Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-chordee kungukuhlinzwa ebuntwaneni, imvamisa kudokotela wezifo zomchamo wabantwana.Ngama-chordees abangelwa ukusoka, indlela encanyelwayo yokwelashwa okuhlinzwa yi- z-plasty . Isikhathi esithandwayo sokuhlinzwa siphakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyisithupha nengu-18 futhi ukulungiswa kuyaphumelela.

## Izinkomba
Aphosithiya

**I-Aphosithiya** yisimo esingajwayelekile sokuzalwa kubantu, lapho ijwabu lobudoda alikho.  : 37–39 

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, u- ES Talbot wathi i-aposthia phakathi kwamaJuda yayiwubufakazi benkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yaseLamarckian esehlisiwe . Encwadini yakhe ethi *The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication*, uCharles Darwin uphinde wakhuluma ngamacala abantwana "abazelwe besokile" njengobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda " befa elilahliwe manje.

Kungenzeka ukuthi amacala awachazile empeleni ayengama-hypospadias, isimo lapho inyama yokuchama ingaphansi kwepipi.

## Aposthia ebuJudeni
I Midrash ka *Ki-Tetze* [כי תצא] izimangalo uMose wazalelwa aposthic. Eminye imithombo  ukuthi uJakobe, indodana yakhe uGadi kanye neNkosi uDavid nabo bazalwa bengathandeki.Incwadi ethi Abot De-Rabbi Natan (Obaba NgokukaRabi Nathan) iqukethe uhlu lwabantu abavela emiBhalweni yakwa-Israyeli "abazalwa besokile": U-Adam, uSeti, uNowa, uShemi, uJakobe, uJoseph, uMose, uBhalami omubi, uSamuweli, David, Jeremiah noZerubabele. Umthetho wamaJuda kudinga abesilisa abazalelwa ngaphandle ijwabu namkha ezilahlekelwe yejwabu labo ngezindlela ngaphandle esisemthethweni ukusoka emcimbini ( *milah brit* ברית מילה) ukuba abe iconsi legazi *(hatafat-damu,* הטפת דם) ake kusukela umthondo endaweni lapho ijwabu ngabe linamathiselwe (noma lalinamathiselwe).ITalmud (Shabbat 135A) iqopha ingxoxo yokuthi ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuvunyelwa kwegazi kuyithathela indawo iSabbat, okungasokwa kuphela umfana owazalelwa eSabbat sangaphambilini.Uma ukusoka okujwayelekile kubambezeleka, akukho ukungavumelani ngokuthi lokhu kungenziwa eShabbat.Kodwa-ke, endabeni ye-aposthia, kunezikole ezimbili zokucabanga.

R. Elazar Hakappar wathi ukuthi isikole Shamai futhi kaHileli ungalilahli banemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nokuthi umfana ozelwe ngaphandle ijwabu.Bobabili bayavuma ukuthi igazi lesivumelwano kumele likhishwe ezingubeni.Isikole saseShamai, nokho, sithi lokhu kungenziwa ngeSabatha, kanti esinye sithi iSabatha akumele lihlanjalazwe ngenxa yalokho.

Orabi eRabat bamemezela ukuthi lokhu kwabikezela ukuthi uLevy uzokhula abe "ngumholi wakwa-Israyeli", yize uMbuso ungazange usungulwe kuze kube uLevy wayeneminyaka eyi-11, ngo-1948.Lesi simemezelo kwakungekhona ukuthi sasiyisiprofetho ngokusungulwa kuka-Israyeli, ngoba "u-Israyeli" igama elingasetshenziswa ukubhekisa "kubantu abangamaJuda".

## Aposthia e-Islam
Amanye amasiko enkolo yamaSulumane athi uMuhammad wazalwa engenalo ijwabu. 

## U-Aposthia ezincwadini
ULazaru Long, ophambili ophambili kumanoveli kaRobert Heinlein, wazalwa engathandeki. 

## Imithombo
Ath Mansour Taourirt

**I-Ath Mansour Taourirt** ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bouïra, e-Aljeriya.

## Imithombo
Ipipi eliphindwe kabili

**Ipipi elihlanganayo** (noma **ipipi eliphindwe kabili** ) yisici esingajwayelekile sokuzalwa lapho kuvela khona izigubhu ezimbili zangasese

Ama-marsupial amaningi amaningi wesilisa anjenge- kangaroo ngokwemvelo anepipi elihlukanisiwe, elinama-prongs angakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla afakwa emiseleni eminingi yangasese ngasikhathi sinye.
Balanitis

**I-Balanitis** ukuvuvukala kwepenisi le-glans. Lapho ijwabu libuye lithinteke, igama elifanele yi- **balanoposthitis** . Balanitis ku abafana namanje namanabukeni kumele ahlukaniswe kusuka ububomvu kubangelwa ammoniacal dermatitis .  Igama elithi *balanitis* livela esiGrekini  ** , ngokwezwi nezwi okusho 'i- acorn ', esetshenziswa ngenxa yokufana kokuma kwepenisi ye-glans . 

## Izimpawu zokulimala kwe penis
+ 
* u bejwabu
* Ubomvu bomthondo
* Okunye ukuqubuka ekhanda lomthondo
* Ukukhishwa okunuka kabi
* Ijwabu elibuhlungu nepipi

### Izinkinga
Ukuqubuka okuvamile kwe-balanitis kungadala ukushaqeka kwe- preutial orifice ; ukunwebeka okuncishisiwe kungaholela ku- pathologic phimosis .Ezinye izinkinga zingafaka:

* Ukuqina kwenyama ye-urethral
* I-Phimosis
* I-Paraphimosis

## Imbangela
Ukuvuvukala kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona, kufaka phakathi ukucasuka ngezinto zemvelo, ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzimba, kanye nokutheleleka okufana negciwane, igciwane noma ukhunta.  Ezinye zalezi zifo izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi .

Akuvamile kakhulu kubantu abasokile, njengoba ezimweni eziningi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwejwabu kuyimbangela noma okunomthelela.Kokubili ukuhlanza okungenele nokuhlanza ngokweqile kungadala izinkinga. Isifo sikashukela singenza i-balanitis ibe nokwenzeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ushukela wegazi ungalawulwa kahle. 

Kubalulekile ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu ezifanayo njengomdlavuza we- penile . 

## Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kungafaka ukuhlonza ngokucophelela imbangela ngosizo lomlando omuhle wesiguli, ama-swabs namasiko, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe- biopsy kwe-pathological. 

### Izinhlobo

* I-balanitis yeZoon, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi- *Balanitis Circumscripta Plasmacellularis* noma i- *plasma cell balanitis* (PCB), iyi-idiopathic, engavamile, enobungozi be-penile dermatosis lapho ukusoka kuvame ukwelashwa okuncanyelwayo.    I-balanitis yeZoon iphethwe ngempumelelo nge- carbon dioxide laser ;  futhi muva nje, i-Albertini nozakwabo babika ngokugwema ukusoka nokwelashwa okuyimpumelelo kwe-balanitis kaZoon nge- Er: YAG laser .  Olunye ucwaningo, olwenziwe nguRetamar nozakwabo, luthole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-40 alabo abaphathwa nge-CO 2 laser babuyele emuva. 
* I-circan balanitis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- balanitis circinata, i- serpiginous annular dermatitis ehlotshaniswa ne- arthritis esebenzayo .
* I-pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis
Phosithitisi

**I-Posthitis** (ebizwa ngokuthi i-pos-THI-tis) ukuvuvukala kwejwabu (isikhuthazi) somthondo womuntu.Kubonakala ngokuvuvukala nokubomvu esikhunjeni futhi kungahle kuhambisane nokukhishwa okunukayo.

Igama elithi posthitis livela kwelesiGrikhi "posthe", elisho ijwabu, ne "-itis", okusho ukuvuvukala.

## Izimbangela
I-Posthitis ingaba nezimbangela ezithathelwanayo ezifana nama-bacteria noma isikhunta, noma izimbangela ezingezona ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne- contact dermatitis noma i- psoriasis .Ukuvuvukala kungabangelwa yizinto ezicasulayo emvelweni.Izinto eziphilayo ezijwayelekile ezibandakanya i-candida, i-chlamydia, ne-gonorrhea.Isizathu kufanele sitholwe kahle ngaphambi kokuba kunikezwe ukwelashwa.Isici esijwayelekile sobungozi yisifo sikashukela .

I-Posthitis ingaholela ku- phimosis, ukuqiniswa kwejwabu okwenza kube nzima ukuhlehlisa i-glans.I-posthitis ingaholela nasezilondweni ezingaphezulu kanye nasezifweni zama-lymph node.

## Ukuvimbela
Inhlanzeko, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanzwa okuvamile kwe-glans, ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokwanele ukuvikela ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala kwejwabu.Ukuhoxa okuphelele kwejwabu kungenzeka kungenzeki kubafana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi kanti abanye kungenzeka bangakwazi ukulihoxisa ngokuphelele ijwabu labo ukuze balihlanze kuze kube sebeneminyaka eyevile kwengu-20.

## Ukwelashwa
Uma kusolwa i-dermatitis yokuxhumana, izinsipho nokunye okucasulayo kwangaphandle kufanele kumiswe futhi kufanele kuphenywe ukungezwani komzimba ne-latex.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekuboneni imbangela. Izicasuli zemvelo kufanele zisuswe.Ama-antibiotic nama-antifungal angasetshenziswa ukwelapha ukutheleleka, kepha inhlanzeko enhle njengokugcina indawo yomile ibalulekile ukumisa ukuphindeka, noma kunjalo ukugeza ngokweqile ngensipho kungadala i-dermatitis yokuxhumana. 

Uma ukutheleleka kudluliswa ngocansi, abalingani ocansini kufanele baziswe futhi belashwe.

I-Posthitis ne- balanitis (ukuvuvukala kwepenisi ye-glans) kuvame ukuhlangana njenge- balanoposthitis.Ukusoka kungavimbela i-balanoposthitis, noma i-balanitis isengenzeka ngokwehlukana.

## Izinkomba
Sclerosing lymphangitis

**Sclerosing lymphangitis,** eyaziwa nangokuthi lymphangiosclerosis noma lymphangitis sclerotic, yisimo isikhumba elinesimo isakhiwo cordlike ozungeza sulcus coronal we umthondo, noma egijima ubude shaft, esiye isibaluli ukuhlukumezeka ngesikhathi play ocansini ngamandla. : 43 

I-nonvenereal sclerosing lymphangitis iyisilonda esingajwayelekile se-penile esinezintambo ezincane, zensimbi ezibandakanya i-coronal sulcus futhi kwesinye isikhathi esikude nesikhumba se-penile esiseduze.Isimo sibandakanya ukuqina kwesitsha se-lymph esixhunywe emthanjeni osesithweni sangasese.Ingabukeka njengentambo ewugqinsi futhi ingazizwa njenge- vein eqinisiwe, ecishe yabalwa noma enemicu, kepha ijwayele ukungabelani ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomthambo.Kungazwakala njengesigaxa esiqinile noma "umthambo" noma ngabe ipipi lincane, futhi ligqame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvame kakhulu futhi kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kocansi olunamandla futhi kuxazululwe ngokuzenzekelayo.

## Imbangela
I-Etiology ye-sclerosing lymphangitis ayaziwa kepha iye yathunyelwa ukuba ibe yesibili ku-thrombosis yemikhumbi ye-lymphatic.

## Ukuphathwa
Ezimweni eziningi kuvame ukuhamba uma kunikezwe ukuphumula nokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa, ngokwesibonelo ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa.Ngisho ngaphandle kokuphumula noma ukunakekelwa okuncane, kwezinye izimo kuzomane kunyamalale ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa uwedwa.Ukululama okuzenzakalelayo kungenzeka noma kuphi phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Yize kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi isiguli siyeke ukuya ocansini ngesikhathi sokululama, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lokhu kusheshisa ukuxazululwa noma ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kwezocansi kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.