Robert De Niro

**URobert Anthony De Niro** (/də ˈnɪəroʊ/ də NEER-roh, Italian: [de ˈniːro]; wazalwa ngo-Agasti 17, 1943) ungumlingisi waseMelika, umqondisi, nomkhiqizi wamafilimu. Ubonwa njengomunye wabadlali abakhulu nabathonya kakhulu besizukulwane sakhe.  UDe Niro wathola izindondo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi kwazo ama-Academy Awards amabili kanye ne-Golden Globe Award kanye nokuqokwa kwama-BAFTA Awards ayisishiyagalombili kanye nama-Emmy Awards amane. Wahlonishwa nge-AFI Life Achievement Award ngo-2003, i-Kennedy Center Honors ngo-2009, i-Cecil B. DeMille Award ngo-2011, i-Presidential Medal of Freedom ngo-2016, i-Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award ngo-2019, kanye ne-Honorary Palme d'Or ngo-2025.   

UDe Niro wafunda ubulingisi e-HB Studio, e-IStella Adler Conservatory, nase-ULee Strasberg's Actors Studio. Wawina i-Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor ngendima yakhe njengoVito Corleone emdlalweni wobugebengu i-The Godfather Part II (1974), eba ngowesilisa wokuqala ukuwina ngokudlala ngolimi lwesiNtaliyane. Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, wawina i-Academy Award for Best Actor ngokudlala kwakhe UJake LaMotta emdlalweni we-biopic i-Raging Bull (1980). Waqhubeka nokukhethwa njenge-Oscar ngokudlala kwakhe ku-Taxi Driver (1976), The Deer Hunter (1978), Awakenings (1990), i-Cape Fear (1991), *I-Silver Linings Playbook* (2012), kanye ne-Killers of the Flower Moon (2023), ngenkathi ethola ukuqokwa kwe-Best Picture ngokukhiqiza i-The Irishman (2019).

UDe Niro waziwa ngezingxenye zakhe ezivusa amadlingozi ku-Mean Streets (1973), *1900* (1976), i-The King of Comedy (1982), i-Once Upon a Time in America (1984), *IBrazil* (1985), i-The Mission (1986), i-Angel Heart (1987), i-The Untouchables (1987), i-Goodfellas (1990), i-This Boy's Life (1993), i-Heat (1995), i-Casino (1995), *I-Intern* *UJackie Brown* (1997), *I-Ronin* (1998), and *I-Joker* (2019), kanye nezindima zakhe zamahlaya ku-Midnight Run (1988), i-Wag the Dog (1997), i-Analyze This (1999) amafilimu e-Meet the Parents (2000-2010) kanye ne-The Intern (2015), Waqondisa futhi wadlala kokubili emdlalweni wobugebengu i-A Bronx Tale (1993) kanye nefilimu yezobunhloli i-The Good Shepherd (2006). Kuthelevishini, wadlala indima UBernie Madoff kwifilimu ye-HBO ethi The Wizard of Lies (2017).

UDe Niro kanye nomkhiqizi UJane Rosenthal basungula inkampani yokukhiqiza amabhayisikobho nethelevishini i-TriBeCa Productions ngo-1989, eye yakhiqiza amafilimi amaningana nangaphezu kwawakhe. Futhi noRosenthal, wasungula i-Tribeca Film Festival ngo-2002. Amafilimu amaningi kaDe Niro abhekwa njenge-classic yamabhayisikobho aseMelika. Amafilimu ayisithupha kaDe Niro afakwe ku-I-United States National Film Registry yi-Library of Congress "ngokwesiko, ngokomlando, noma ngobuhle" kusukela ngo-2023. Amafilimu amahlanu afakwe ohlwini lwe-AFI i-100 greatest American films amakhulu kakhulu angazo zonke izikhathi.

## Ekuqaleni kwempilo yakhe nemfundo
URobert Anthony De Niro  wazalelwa edolobheni laseManhattan eNew York City ngonhla ka-Agasti 17, 1943,  okuwukuphela kwengane yabadwebi I-Virginia Admiral URobert De Niro Sr.. Uyise wayengowozalo lwase-Ireland nase-Italy,  kanti unina enokhokho abangamaDashi, amaNgisi, amaFulentshi, namaJalimane.  Abazali bakhe, ababehlangane emakilasini okudweba UHans Hofmann eProvincetown, eMassachusetts, bahlukana lapho eneminyaka emibili ubudala ngemuva kokuba uyise ememezele ukuthi ungungqingili. UDe Niro wakhuliswa unina eGreenwich Village naseLittle Italy ezindaweni zaseManhattan. Uyise wayehlala eduze, futhi wahlala eseduze noDe Niro ebuntwaneni bakhe. Ubizwa ngokuthi "Bobby Milk" ngenxa yesikhumba sakhe esiphaphathekile, uDe Niro waba umngane wezingane eziningi zasemgwaqweni e-Little Italy, okwenza uyise angavumelani naye. Abanye, nokho, baye bahlala bengabangane empilweni yakhe yonke. Unina wakhuliswa njengomPresbyterian kodwa waba  ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu lapho esekhulile, ngenkathi uyise engumKatolika ongasakhelelwa kubuKatolika kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Ngokuphambene nezifiso zabazali bakhe, ugogo nomkhulu wakhe babhabhathiswa ngasese eSontweni LamaKatolika ngenkathi ehlala nabo ngesikhathi sesehlukaniso sabazali bakhe.

UDe Niro wafunda ku-I-PS 41, isikole samabanga aphansi somphakathi eManhattan, kwaze kwaba sebangeni lesithupha. Waqala amakilasi okulingisa e-Dramatic Workshop futhi waqala ukudlala esiteji esikoleni eneminyaka engu-10, edlala i-Cowardly Lion ku-The Wizard of Oz. Kamuva waya e-Elisabeth Irwin High School, isikole esiphakeme se-Little Red School House, ebangeni lesikhombisa nelesishiyagalombili. Khona-ke wamukelwa e-High School of Music & Art ebangeni lesishiyagalolunye, kodwa wafunda isikhashana ngaphambi kokudlulela esikoleni esiphakeme somphakathi: IS 71, Charles Evans Hughes Junior High School. UDe Niro wafunda esikoleni esiphakeme eMcBurney School futhi kamuva, eRhodes Preparatory School. Wathola ukudlala njengendlela yokunciphisa amahloni akhe, futhi wahlatshwa umxhwele ngamabhayisikobho, ngakho washiya isikole esiphakeme eneminyaka engu-16 ukuze aphikelele ukulingisa. Kamuva wathi, "Lapho ngineminyaka engaba ngu-18, ngangibheke uhlelo lwe-TV futhi ngathi, 'Uma laba badlali bephila ngokulingisa, futhi ababona abakhulu kangako, angikwazi ukwenza okubi kunalokho abakwenzayo.'" Wafunda ukulingisa e-HB Studio nase-Lee Strasberg's Actors Studio. UDe Niro wabuye wafunda UStella Adler, weStella Adlers Conservatory, lapho afunda khona namasu esistimu ka-Stanislavski. Njengomlingisi osemusha, uDe Niro wakhuthazwa umsebenzi ka-Marlon Brando, u-Montgomery Clift, UJames Dean, UGreta Garbo, UGeraldine Page, kanye noKim Stanley.

## Umsebenzi

### 1963-1973: Izindima zokuqala kanye nokuphumelela
UDe Niro waba nezindima ezincane kumafilimu ka-Encounter, Three Rooms in Manhattan (okubili kwakhishwa ngo-1965) naku-Les Jeunes Loups (1968). Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uDe Niro wathola indima enkulu ku-Greetings (1968), ibhayisikobho ehlazisayo ngamadoda agwema ukujoyinela iMpi yaseVietnam. Ifiliimu yaba eyokuqala ochungechungeni lokuqala lokusebenzisana phakathi kukaDe Niro nomqondisi UBrian De Palma. Ngemuva konyaka, uDe Niro wavela emdlalweni we-Sam's Song lapho edlala khona umenzi wamafilimu waseNew York City. Futhi ngo-1969, wavela emdlalweni wamahlaya kaDe Palma i-The Wedding Party; nakuba yathwetshulwa ngo-1963, yahlala ingakhululwa iminyaka eyisithupha. UDe Niro, owayengakaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, wathola ukubuyekezwa okuhle ku-The New York Times Howard Thompson we-*I-New York Times*: "Le-comedy yamahlaya, eyakhiqizwa ngesizotha abantu abathathu abasebasha futhi isebenzisa abantu abangajwayelekile, ijabulisa kakhulu"

Wabe esevela emdlalweni wobugebengu webhajethi ephansi i-Roger Corman i-Bloody Mama (1970), ukuguqulwa kokuphila kuka-Ma Barker, owayengumama wezigebengu ezine zaseMelika, lapho uDe Niro ayengumlingisi khona: ka-Lloyd Barker Thompson owamncoma ngefilimu futhi wacabanga ukuthi abadlali banikeza "ubulingisi obuhle."  Ngokulandelayo, u-De Niro wadlala i-Comedy ka-De Palma ethi Hi, Mom!  (1970), ukulandelwa kwe-Greetings. Ebhalela *I-New Yorker*, URichard Brody wathi uDe Niro "uletha ukuzenzakalela okuyisimanga" kumlingiswa wakhe. Waphinde waba nendima encane ku-Jennifer on My Mind (1971) naku-Ivan Passer's Born to Win (1971). Ukuvela kwakhe kokugcina ebhayisikobho ngo-1971 kwaba ku-The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight, i-comedy yobugebengu esekelwe enovelini ka-1969 ka-Jimmy Breslin.

Ngo-1972, uDe Niro wadlala imidlalo emibili yokulingisa e-American Place Theatre, eyayiqondiswa nguCharles Maryan. Wabe esebuyela kumafilimu amakhulu nge-Bang the Drum Slowly (1973), lapho adlala khona indima eyinhloko njengoBruce Pearson, njengomdlali we--Major League Baseball owayenesifo se-Hodgkin. Ayelingisa nabo kwakungu-Michael Moriarty UVincent Gardenia. Isuswe enovelini ka-1956 enegama elifanayo ka-Mark Harris, ifilimi yathola ukunconywa futhi yasiza uDe Niro ukuba athole ukuqashelwa okwengeziwe. *I-Hollywood Reporter* yabhala, "UDe Niro wazibonakalisa njengomunye wabalingisi abasebasha abangcono kakhulu nabathandeka kakhulu kumabhayisikobho analo msebenzi. " U-Alex Belth kamagazini we-Variety naye waphawula ukuvezwa "okuthintekayo", ngenkathi uGardenia ekhethelwe i-Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. UHarris kamuva wabhala ngoDe Niro, "Wafunda i-baseball eningi njengoba ayedinga ukulungiselela indima yakhe [...] Ngiyangabaza ukuthi wake wakhathalela ukuthinta i-basbaseball futhi"

Ngo-1973, uDe Niro waqala ukubambisana noMartin Scorsese lapho evela kwifilimu yobugebengu ethi Mean Streets (1973), ehambisana no-Harvey Keitel. Nakuba uDe Niro anikezwa ukukhetha izindima, uScorsese wayefuna ukuthi uDe Niro adlale indima ka "Johnny Boy" Civello, isigebengu esincane esisebenza ukunyukela phezulu kwigenge yendawo. Ngenkathi uDe Niro noKeitel benikezwa inkululeko yokuzenzela izigcawu ezithile, umsizi womqondisi uRon Satlof ukhumbula ukuthi uDe Niro "wayezinikele kakhulu endimeni yakhe nasekulungiseleleni," futhi wahlukaniswa nabanye abadlali kanye namatilosi. I-Mean Streets yaqala e-Cannes Film Festival, yalandelwa yi-New York Film Festival ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kamuva, ngokwamukelwa kakhulu. Umcubunguli wamafilimu URoger Ebert wacabanga ukuthi uDe Niro wadlala kahle kakhulu "ukudlala okumangalisayo, okugcwele ukuphuthuma nokuzimisela ngokweqile. " UPauline Kael we-*I-New York Times* wahlabeka umxhwele ngokufanayo ngoDe Niro, ebhala ukuthi "ungumdlalbembona khona kuphela njengomuntu omncane, ohlafuna ugwayi wale nhlunkulu engenamsebenzi ongasebenzi u-Bang the Drum Slowly Ngokushesha uzokulungele ukusebenza kwakhe okuguquguqukayo. UDe Niro wenza okufanayo no-Dustin Hoffman kwi-Midnight Cowboy, kanti ngokweqile;le ngane yayingalingisi nje kuphela - uvule awubambe ushisa umsebenzi . Ngo 1997,ifilimu ye-Mean Streets yakhethwa ukugcinwa e-US kwi-National Film Registry ngabe-Library of Congress njengaleyo enhle kakhulu "kwezamasiko, ezomlando, kanye nobuhle obubaluleke ngokuyisimanga"

### 1974-1980: Ukubambisana noScorsese nokuduma
UDe Niro waba nendima ebalulekile emdlalweni wobugebengu UFrancis Ford Coppola i-The Godfather Part II (1974), edlala UVito Corleone osemncane. UDe Niro ngaphambili waye-odishinele ingxenye yokuqala, i-The Godfather (1972), kodwa wayeka lo msebenzi ukuze enze i-The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight. UCoppola, ngemuva kokumkhumbula, wanika uDe Niro indima *Ingxenye II* esikhundleni salokho. Ukuze aveze umlingiswa wakhe, uDe Niro wayekhuluma ngokuyinhloko ngezilimi eziningana zaseSicily, yize anikeza imigqa embalwa ngesiNgisi. Ifilimu yaba yimpumelelo kwezohwebo futhi yathola imali eyizigidi ezingama- $48 ebhokisini lomhlaba wonke. I-Godfather Part II yakhethwa izihlandla eziyishumi nanye kuma-47th Academy Awards, yawina eziyisithupha, kufaka phakathi eyodwa kaDe Niro njengomlingisi osekelayo ongcono kakhulu. Kwakuwukunqoba kokuqala kwe-Academy kukaDe Niro; uCoppola wamukela umklomelo egameni lakhe njengoba engazange abe khona emcimbini. UDe Niro kanye no-Marlon Brando, abadlala uVito Corleone omdala efilimini yokuqala, babengumbhangqwana wokuqala wabadlali owathola ama-Academy Awards ngokudlala umdlali ofanayo oqanjiwe.&nbsp;

Ngemuva kokusebenza noScorsese kuMean Streets, uDe Niro wasebenzisana naye futhi emdlalweni wedrama ngokwengqondi i-Taxi Driver (1976). Etholakala edolobheni laseNew York elibhidlikile futhi elibhidlikayo ngokokuziphatha ngemuva kweMpi ye-Vietnam War, ifilimu ilandisa ngendaba ye-Travis Bickle, *Umshayeli wetekisi* onomzangedwa ogcina ehlanya ngekhanda. Ukulungiselela indima, uDe Niro wachitha *Isikhathi* namalungu esikhungo sezempi sase-US ukuze afunde indlela yabo yokukhuluma nemikhuba ye-Midwestern. Waphinde wanciphisa isisindo somzimba ngamakhilogremu angu-13, wathatha ukuqeqeshwa ngezibhamu futhi wafunda ngokuziphatha kwabashayeli bamatekisi. Ifilimu yadunyiswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenza kukaDe Niro; Umcubungulii we-*The Washington Post* wayidumisa "njengokusebenza kwakhe okuphawulekayo," futhi i-*San Francisco Chronicle* yabhala ukuthi "uDe Niro uyamangalisa kwenye yezingxenye zakhe zokulingisa okuyisimanga". Ifilimu yakhethwa kuma-Academy Awards amane, abandakanya i-Best Actor kaDe Niro. Ingcaphuno yakhe ethi "You talkin' to me?", azishintshela yona, yakhethwa njengengcaphuno ye-10 ekhumbuleka kakhulu ku-AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes   Izingcaphuno zamafilimu ze-American Film Institute. Ngo-2005, ifilimu yakhethwa umagazini i-Time njengenye yamafilimu e-100 best films of all time. yamafilimu angu-100 amahle kakhulu kunawo wonke.&nbsp;

UDe Niro wakhipha amanye amafilimu amabili ngo1976. Wadlala indima eqakambili ku , idrama yangokomlando eyayiqondiswa ngu Bernardo Bertolucci. Ukudlala indima ephambili kwi ensemble cast, ifilimu yenzeka kwirijini yase-Emilia yase- Italy, kanti ilandisa ngendaba yamadoda amabili, umasitende u Alfredo Berlinghieri (De Niro) kanye nomsebenzi i-peasant u-Olmo Dalcò (Gérard Depardieu), njengoba bebona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-fascism kanye ne -communism ekuqaleni kweminyaka yohafu wokuqala wesensuri yamashumi amabili. Walandelisa lapho ngokudlala indima ka-CEO kwi-*The Last Tycoon*, esuselwa encwadini yenoveli ka-F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel of the same name, njengoba ihlelwe nguBritish screenwriter Harold Pinter. UDe Niro wehlisa isisindo somzimba ngo 42 pounds (19&nbsp;kg) kuleyo ndima, kanti umqoondisi u-Elia Kazan waphawula ukuthi uDe Niro wayezilolongela le ndima ngamaSonto, nokungezela ukuthi u"Bobby babephinda-phinda iziqephu ezazizoqoshwa. uBobby unobucopheleli kakhulu ... ungumqambi. Oqondanisa ngqo. Ucabangisisa yonke into kahle ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Unemizwa emihle. Uyi-character actor: yonke into ayenzayo uyayibala kahle. Ngendlela enhle, kodwa uyabala." Ifilimu yathola imibono ehlukahlukene. *Abe-Variety* magazine's bathi ifilimi yayingaqondanisi kahle i-"unfocused" kanti ukudlala kukaDe Niro's kwakungathokozisi kakhulu bathi kwaku-"mildly intriguing." Umcubunguli wamafilimu u-Marie Brenner wabhala wathi eyeqe ngokungaphezulu kubukhaliphi wathi, "it is a role that surpasses even his brilliant and daring portrayal of Vito Corleone in *The Godfather Part II*... his performance deserves to be compared with the very finest."