Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika

uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika (ngesiNgisi: *President of South Africa*, ngesiBhunu: *President von Suid-Afrika*, ngesiTswana: *Mopuresitente wa Afrika-Borwa*) uyinhloko yombuso nesiphathamandla sikazwelonke saseNingizimu Afrika. Amandla akhe nedlela akhethwa ngayo alotshwe emthethweni-sisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika. Phezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwezikhathi, iPhalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika inikeze isikhundla sikaMongameli amanye amandla.

Inhloko yezwe bekuyiNkosi noma iNdlokukazi yoMbuso Ohlangeneyo esikhathini seNyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika kusukela u-1910 kufikela ku-1961. LeNkosi yayimelwe nguMlawuli Jikelele owaqokwa nguyena uqobo ngesiluleko sikaNdunankulu waseNingizimu Afrika. Iqembu lamaBhunu, ngesiNgisi i-National Party, ekuyilona elaphatha eNingizimu Afrika kusukela u-1948 kufikela u-1994, lithathe isingqumo ngo-1961 ukuchitha ubukhosi baseNgilandi, ukuze baguqule iNingizimu Afrika iphenduke umbuso ongenayo inkosi. Isikhundla sikaMongameli sisuleka lapho. Lesosikhathi besaziwe ngegama elithi "Umongameli woMbuso" (ngesiNgisi: *State President*). 

Umongameli wayengenamandla wokuphatha. Impela, amandla okuphatha bewasezandleni zikaNdunankulu. Ngenxa kaP.W. Botha, izikhundla zikaMongameli woMbuso noNdunankulu zihlanganisiwe. Ekuphethweni kwesikathi sobandlululo ngo-1994, uMongameli wokuqala okhethwe ngetandoyeningi futhi okuqala ongasingumlungu, wayenguMnomzane Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Kusukela yena, uMongameli wayeqhamuka Enhlanganweni Khongolose. Umongameli wesikhathini samanje nguMnomzane Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa owakhethwa Isishayamthetho sikaZwelonke ngo-2019 nango-2024. uLandele uMnomzane Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma.

## Amandla nezigunyo

Umongameli unamandla okwemukela imithethosivivinywa, ukuwadlulisele eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ukuze ikhiphe isinqumo sokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo noma ukuwabuyisela ePhalamendeni, ukuthi iwaguqule. Ngaphandle kwesiginesha nephawu zikaMongameli, imithethosivivinywa ngeke ibengumthetho wesizwe; nguyena umyango imithetho kufanele indlule khona. Unamandla wokubiza umhlangano wePhalamende nomayiphi izindlu zayo ngenxa yendaba ethize. 

Umongameli uqoka abantu ezikhundleni ezisemthethweni, njengokuqoka abaNgqongqoshe bemiNyango yegatsha lokuphatha (ngesiNgisi: *Ministers of Departments*). Futhi, nguyena oyisihlalo sezinhlangano zoMkhandlu wokuPhatha kaZwelonke (noma ngobufushane, iKhabhinethi). Umongameli uqoka nabehluleli bezinkantolo ezingaphezulu esizweni njenge Nkantolo yoMthethosisekelo neNkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala. Umongameli uqoka amanxusa amele iNingizimu Afrika, futhi wamkela amanxusa wezinye izizwe. 

Ngalokho, nguyena okuqala omele iNingizimu Afrika ezindabeni zobudlelwane nezinye izizwe. Kusho ukuthi unamandla okuphawula nokusayina imivumelano ngaphakathi kweNingizimu Afrika nezinye ezizwe. Kodwa, udinga imvumo yePhalamende ukuzi leyomivumelano ingene ezincwadini zomthetho zaseNingizimu Afrika.

Unamandla okubiza ihlololuvo kazwelonke ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika zinikeze umbono wazo endabeni ethize. Umongameli unamandla okuklomisela bantu abasebenzele isizwe ngezindondo zobuhlonipheki. Ukunciphisa ubunzima bobulungisa, unamandla okuxolela noma ukusindisa abagwetshelwe amacala.

## Ukhetho nokuqokwa

Umongameli akakhethwa izakhamuzi nqo; izakhamuze zikhetha iziqembu ezizobamela ePhalamendeni, lapho khona isiGunga sikaZwelonke (esaziwa futhi isiShayamtheto sikaZwelonke) sikhetha omunye wezilunga zaso esikhundleni sikaMongameli. Isikhathi sokuhlala sikaMongameli sihamba kanye kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala sePhalemende: iminyaka eyinhlanu. 

## Uhlu lezinhloko zombuso