Silicone

I- **silicone** noma i- **polysiloxane** iyi- polymer eyenziwe nge- siloxane (2R 2 Si − O − SiR 2 -, lapho R = iqembu lezinto eziphilayo).Ngokuvamile akunambala, uwoyela noma izinto ezifana nenjoloba.Ama-silicone asetshenziswa kuma-sealants, ama-adhesives, izinto zokuthambisa, imithi, izitsha zokupheka, nokufakwa okushisayo nokugesi.Amanye amafomu ajwayelekile afaka uwoyela we-silicone, i- silicone grease, iraba le- silicone, i-resin ye-silicone, ne-silicone caulk.

## I-Chemistry

Okuningi ngokunembile ngokuthi polymerized siloxanes noma polysiloxanes, silicones aqukethe i wezinto Silicon--mpilo backbone uchungechunge (⋯ -Si-O-Si-O-Si-O- ⋯) nemacembu lamabili organic enamathiselwe ngamunye isikhungo silicon.Imvamisa, amaqembu aphilayo yi-methyl.Izinto zokwakha zingaba yi-cyclic noma i-polymeric.Ngokushintshashintsha ubude beketanga le-iSi − O−, amaqembu asemaceleni, nokuxhumeka kwe-crosslinking, ama-silicone angahlanganiswa nezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene nokwakhiwa.Zingahluka ngokungaguquguquki kusuka kuketshezi kuya ku-gel kuye kuraba kuye kupulasitiki onzima.I-siloxane ejwayelekile kakhulu i-linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), uwoyela we-silicone.Iqembu lesibili ngobukhulu lezinto zokwenziwa ze-silicone lincike ezinhlakeni ze-silicone, ezakhiwa ngama-oligosiloxanes anamagatsha kanye nezinyosi.

### Ukuhlanganiswa
Okuvame kakhulu izinto ezisuselwa ku- polydimethylsiloxane, etholakala nge-hydrolysis ye- dimethyldichlorosilane.Le dichloride iphendula ngamanzi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

: *n*&nbsp;Si (CH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 + *n*&nbsp;H 2 O → [Si (CH 3 ) 2 O] *n* + 2 *n*&nbsp;I-HCl

I-polymerization ivame ukukhiqiza amaketanga aqondile ahlanganiswe namaqembu e-Si-Cl noma ama-Si-OH ( silanol ).Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile, i-polymer iyindilinga, hhayi iketanga. 

Ezinsizeni zabathengi ezifana ne-caulks silyl acetates zisetshenziswa esikhundleni sama-silyl chloride.I-hydrolysis yama-acetate ikhiqiza i- acetic acid engeyona ingozi (i-asidi etholakala kuviniga ) njengomkhiqizo wokuphendula wenqubo yokwelapha ehamba kancane.Le chemistry isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi zabathengi, njenge-silicone caulk kanye nama- adhesives .

: *n*&nbsp;Si (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 COO) 2 + *n*&nbsp;H 2 O → [Si (CH 3 ) 2 O] *n* + 2 *n*&nbsp;CH 3 COOH

Amagatsha noma ama-crosslinks kuketanga le-polymer angeniswa ngokusebenzisa i-organosilicone precursors enamaqembu ama-alkyl ambalwa, njenge-methyl trichlorosilane ne- methyltrimethoxysilane .Ngokufanelekile, i-molecule ngayinye yenkomfa enjalo iba iphuzu legatsha.Le nqubo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlaka ze-silicone ezinzima.Ngokufanayo, abangaphambi kwamaqembu amathathu e-methyl bangasetshenziswa ukunciphisa isisindo samangqamuzana, ngoba i-molecule ngayinye enjalo inesiza esisodwa kuphela esisebenzayo ngakho-ke yakha ukuphela kochungechunge lwe-siloxane.

## Izici

Ama-silicone akhombisa izici eziningi eziwusizo, kufaka phakathi: 

* Ukuqhuba okuphansi kokushisa
* Ukusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali okuphansi
* Ubuthi obuphansi
* Ukuqina kwe-Thermal (ukungaguquguquki kwezakhiwo ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi le-  )
* Ikhono lokuxosha amanzi nokwakha izimvu zamanzi ezingangeni manzi.
* Ayinamatheli kuma-substrate amaningi, kepha inamathela kahle kwabanye, isib. Ingilazi
* Ayisekeli ukukhula kwamagciwane
* Ukumelana nomoya-mpilo, i-ozone, ne- ultraviolet (UV) light . Le mpahla iholele ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwama-silicone embonini yezokwakha (isb. Ukumbozwa, ukuvikelwa komlilo, izimpawu zohlobo lwe-glazing) kanye nemboni yezimoto (ama-gaskets angaphandle, i-trim yangaphandle).
* Izici zokufakwa kukagesi . Ngoba abicah bungakhelwa ukuthi buvikeleke ngogesi noma buqhube, kufanelekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezicelo zikagesi.
* Ukungena kwegesi ephezulu: ekamelweni lokushisa (25&nbsp;° C), ukungena kwenjoloba abicah emagesi anjenge-oksijini kucishe kube izikhathi ezingama-400  kuleyo yenjoloba ye-butyl, okwenza i-silicone ilusizo kuzicelo zezokwelapha lapho kudingeka khona i-aeration eyengeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-rubbers abicah awanakusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona izivalo eziqinisa igesi njengezimpawu zamandla okuphefumula okuphezulu noma i-vacuum ephezulu.

Abicah angakhiwa amashidi wenjoloba, lapho enezinye izinto, njengokuhambisana ne-FDA.Lokhu kunweba ukusetshenziswa kwamashidi abicah ezimbonini ezifuna inhlanzeko, isibonelo, ukudla neziphuzo kanye nemithi.

## Izinkomba