open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dundonald, Mpumalanga

**Dundonald** idolobha elincane lokuhlala Albert Luthuli Local Municipality UMasipala wesiFunda saseGert Sibande eMpumalanga, waseNingizimu Afrika.
Badplaas

**Badplaas** yidolobha elikhulu lokuhlala Albert Luthuli Local Municipality UMasipala wesiFunda Gert Sibande eMpumalanga, waseNingizimu Afrika.
Mkhondo NU

**Mkhondo NU** ubandakanya indawo yasemakhaya kaMasipala waseMkhondo kuMasipala wesifunda saseGert Sibande eMpumalanga, waseNingizimu Afrika.
Albertina Sisulu

**UNontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu** (21 Okthoba 1918 - 2 Juni 2011) [1] wayeyisishoshovu esasilwa nobandlululo saseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nonkosikazi wesishoshovu esasisebenza naye uWalter Sisulu (1912-2003).

UNontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu wazalwa ngezi 29 zika Mfumfu 1918, wayengumholi  ovele wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika,uguqulwe kabusha njengo "Mama wesizwe". UAlbertina Sisulu wayenezingane ezinhlanu uzalelwe uMonilizwe noMonikazi Thethiwe esifundweni saka Tsomo e Transkei ngezi 21 zikaMfumfu.Wangumhlengikazi,umsheshezi wezepolitiki nekhansela kumyeni wakhe,wayengunobhala jikelele kanye nephini lika mongameli wengqungquthela yezwe lase Afrika (ANC).

UMama kaSisulu osindile le Spanish Flu, kodwa wagula ngenxa yalokhu kwazelwa Nontsikelelo/Albertina,njengengane yentombazane endala kwakumele adlale indima ka mama kuzingane zakibo ezincane.Kwakumele ayeke isikolo isikhathi eside.Wamukela leli gama li Albertina.NgoSepthemba 1918 umkhuhlane wase Spain udonsa umkhuhlane owabulala abantu abayisigidi esingama 40 emhlabeni wonke ukufinyelela eNingizimu Afrika futhi balinganiselwe ukuthi babulala abantu abanga 30 000 eTranskei.

UMonica thenjiwe wathla lesifo ngenkathi ekhulelwe ingane yakhe yokuqala neyesibili uNompumelelo Mbathalala .Lesisifo sasibizwa ngokuthi iMbathalala igama lesiXhosa,kodwa ke ingane yakhe yazalwa iphilile ngezi 21 zikaOkthoba 1918.

UNontsikelelo nomndeni wakhe bahamba bayohlala eXolobe ngoba umama wakhe wayegula kakhulu ngenxa yale sifo iSpanish Flu, futhi ubaba wakhe wayesebenza ezimayini.Wahamba isikole elokishini lase Xolobe .

UAlbertina Sisulu wayengabe abahambela phambili eskoleni wayengumholi kwezemfundo kusukela emabangeni aphansi.Wakhethwa ukuba abangu Head Girl ebangeni lesikhombisa,kodwa kwakumele ayeke isikolo ngoba kwakumele agade izingane zakubo ezincane.

## Izikhombau
Cecilia Lillian Tshabalala

**UCecilia Lillian Tshabalala**, owazalelwa eNatal futhi wathutha IMelika ngo-1912. Ngemuva kokufunda eHampton Institute, New Britain State Normal School, naseMoody Bible Institute e-US, wafundisa esikoleni samantombazane i-African Methodist Episcopal Church.

## Imithombo
Godfrey Pitje

U**Godfrey Mokgonane Pitje** (20 July 1917 - 23 April 1997), kumantla weTransvaal, indodana yabazali abafundisayo. Eqinile futhi ekwazi, waya ngendlela eFort Hare, lapho waphumelela khona isifundo seB.A.  ngo-1944, emva kwalokho kwatholwa izifundo azihambele phambili ku-anthropology, kwezemfundo nakwezomthetho.

## Ukufunda kwakhe
Ngo-1948 wamenywa ukuba aye kufundisa kwi-anthropology eFort Hare, kwaye, ekhuthazwe ngu-A. P. Mda, ongumhlobo kunye notitshala afunda nabo, wazimanya nabafundi bezopolitiko ekusunguleni isebe laseFort Hare loMbutho woLutsha. U-Pitje kunye namalungu esebe laseFort Hare emva koko badlala indima ephambili kwingcinezelo yokwamkelwa kweNkqubo yokuSebenza yowe-1949.

## Izinkomba
Unyaka Wezizwe weziLimi zeNdabuko

**Unyaka Wezizwe weziLimi zeNdabuko kungumgubho wezi-2019 weNhlangano** yeZizwe eziBumbene (United Nations UN) okuhloswe ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela yokubeka engozini izilimi zomdabu emhlabeni jikelele, ngenhloso yokuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthula nokubuyisana.       

## Umlando
Mhla zi-19 kuZibandlela 2016 i- United Nations General Assembly yamemezela ukuthi  ngezi-2019 kube uNyaka wezizwe weziLimi eziMdabu ngokusekelwe  isinqumo se- *'UN permanent Standing on issues of indigenous issues (Resolution 71/178*).    Isixazululo se-General Assembly sicele i- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (i-UNESCO) njengenhlangano ye-UN ephambili ukuqondisa lo nyaka.     

## Izinhloso
Unyaka wezizwe weziLimi eziMdabu uhlose ukugxila  ebungozini obubhekene nezilimi zendabuko, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni, ukubuyisana, ukubusa okuhle nokuzakhela ukuthula. Ihlose ukuthuthukisa isimo sokuphila, ukubambisana okubanzi kwamazwe ngamazwe nokubonakala nokuqinisa inkulumo-mpendulwano yezomnotho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwezilimi zomdabu kanye namasiko.   

Ngalonyaka kuhlelwe ukuba kwenzeke imisebenzi elandelayo elandelayo, ezihlanganisa kokubili uhlelo lwezi-2010 lwezokuthuthukiswa okusimeme kanye nezinhloso eziyisikhombisa zokuthuthukisa intuthuko . Ukuzibandakanya kwabantu bomdaba kuvulelekile kulo nyaka, izinhlangano ze-UN, amazwe, izifundiswa, izinhlangano zomphakathi nezizimele kanye nabezindaba.     

* Ukusekela ukuvuselelwa nokugcinwa kwezilimi zendabuko ngokusebenzisa: ukudala izinto eziningi kanye nokuqukethwe kanye nezinsiza eziningi, ngokusebenzisa ulimi, ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana (Ukusekelwa) 
* Ukulondoloza izilimi zendabuko, ukudala ukufinyelela kwezemfundo, ulwazi nolwazi kanye nangezilimi zomdabu ezinganeni zendabuko, abantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala, ukuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokwabelana ngolwazi (Ukufinyelela) 
* Ukuqhakambisa izindawo zolwazi lwabantu bomdabu kanye namasiko emiphakathini emiphakathini yemiphakathi, ezomnotho nezombusazwe, kanye nemikhuba yamasiko njengemidlalo yendabuko kanye nemidlalo (Ukukhuthazwa). 

Unyaka unezindawo eziyisihlanu zokungenelela:   

# Ukwandisa ukuqonda, ukubuyisana nokubambisana kwamazwe 
# Ukudala izimo ezihle zokwabelana ngolwazi nokusabalalisa imikhuba emihle mayelana nezilimi zendabuko 
# Ukuhlanganiswa kwezilimi zendabuko zibe ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile 
# Ukunikwa amandla ngokwakhiwa kwamakhono 
# Ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olusha 

## Izihlanganisi ezingaphandle
* Official website of the International Year of Indigenous Languages
* UNESCO Indigenous peoples

## Imithombo
St Francis College Mariannhill

**I-St Francis College Mariannhill** okanye **I-Mariannhill Secondary Private Independent** yisikole samabanga samabanga aphakeme eseizimele esisendaweni yaseMariannhill, KwaZulu-Natali. Lesi sikole sizimele futhi sinezindawo zokuhlala abafundi ngaphakathi. Sabunjwa ngonyaka we-1909 ngu-Abbot Francis Pfanner. Sihamba ngenqubo yeBandla lamaKhatholika. 

## Umlando

Lesi sikole sabunjwa ngonyaka we-1909, sibunjwa yibandla lamakhatholika endaweni yaseMariannhill, KwaZulu-Natal ngasePhanyindane.

## Abagqamile asebafunda khona
* DKT. B.W Vilakazi
* Steve Biko
* Mosiuoa Lekota 
* Ben Ngubane

## Imithombo
Albie Sachs

**U-Albert "Albie" uLouis Sachs** (30 kuJanuwari 1935) uyisishoshovu futhi owayeyijaji eNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ngemuva kokushayiswa kwengalo yakhe ngebhomu yemoto eMozambiki ngenxa yokuphikisana nobandlululo, wabalekela eMelika, futhi njengamanje uhlala eKapa, ​​eNingizimu Afrika.

## Inkomba
Barney Pityana

UNyameko Barney Pityana FKC GCOB (owazalwa ngo-7 Ncwaba 1945) ungummeli wamalungelo abantu nesazi semfundiso yenkolo eNingizimu Afrika. Ungumsekeli we-Black theology. 

## Umlando
UPityana wazalelwa e-Uitenhage futhi wafunda eNyuvesi yaseFort Hare. Ubengomunye wabasunguli beSouth African Student 'Organisation yeBlack Consciousness Movement noSteve Biko. Ubuye futhi waba yilungu le-African National Congress Youth League, [ecidingwa] futhi wamiswa ngenxa yokuphonsela inselelo igunya lothisha abangamaBhunu kanye nemigomo yoobandlululo ye "Bantu yemfundo".

UPityana uthole iziqu ezivela eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1976 kodwa wavinjelwa ukuthi enze umthetho ePort Elizabeth nguhulumeni wobandlululo. Ngo-1978, efunda imfundiso yenkolo eKing's College London kanye nokuqeqeshelwa inkonzo Ripon College Cuddesdon e-Oxford. Ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza njenge-curlic yase-Anglican eMilton Keynes nanjengo-Birmingham. Kusukela ngo-1988 kuya ku-1992 wayenguMqondisi woHlelo Lokulwa Nobuhlanga e-World Council of Churches eGeneva.

UPityana wabuyela eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-1993, kulandela ukuphela kobandlululo. Waqhubeka nokusebenza kwezemfundo kanye namalungelo esintu, eqeda i-PhD kwi-Religious Studies eNyuvesi yaseKapa ngo-1995. Waqokwa waba yilungu leKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu YaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-1995, wasebenza njengosihlalo wekhomishini kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2001. Ubuye wasebenza kwiKhomishini yase-Afrika Yamalungelo Abantu Nabantu kwi-Organisation of African Unity ngonyaka ka-1997. USolwazi uPityana waba yiPhini Likandunankulu kanye noNgqongqoshe Wenyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-2001 futhi wabamba lesi sikhundla iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.

Ungumbhali weKolishi leTransfiguration (i-Anglican) eGrahamstown (kusukela ngo-2011 kuze kube ngu-2014),

UnguMongameli Wokubuthanisa weNyuvesi yaseKapa.

## Imiklomelo
Umsebenzi wakhe ngamalungelo abantu uye waqashelwa kabanzi, kwathi ngoZibandlela 2002, wanikezwa uMhlonishwa uMklomelo Ohlonishwa Wemiklomelo ye-UNESCO Yemfundo Yamalungelo Abantu ka-2002.

## iPolitiki Yamanje
Ungumgxeki omkhulu wobuholi be-ANC obukhona manje ngaphansi kukaJacob Zuma, ufuna ukuthi uZuma ashiye phansi, futhi uxhumene nezinhlangano ezishayisana ne-ANC

## Bona Futhi
Uhlu lwabantu olungaphansi kwemiyalo yokuvinjwa ngaphansi kobandlululo

## [https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/professor-barney-nyameko-pityana Reference]
Duma Nokwe

U-**Philemon Pearce Dumasile Nokwe** (13 kuNhlaba 1927, Evaton - nge-12 kuMasingana ngo-1978), owayesaziwa njengoDuma Nokwe, wayengumntu olwela umzabalazo kwezopolitiko waseMzantsi Afrika, wasebenza njengo-Nobhala-Jikelele we-African National Congress ukusukela ngo-1958 ukuya ku-1969, ngenxa yegama lakhe uyidlalile indima yokuthi abe yisizathu soshintsho lwase Ningizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo. Ngosizo lwabo thishela bakhe futhi nabaholi phambili ngisho yena u-Oliver Tambo noWalter Sisulu, uyidlalile indima yakhe ebalulekile ephikisana nokuphambene nomthetho kamongameli owayephethe, wayezimisele ngokuthi aphile ngenkululeko ezweni leli azalelwe kulo wayengavumelani nomthetho lona owawungam’philisi ngenkululeko futhi ongamjabulisi.

Ukwazile ukunqoba zonke izithiyo lezi ahlangabezene nazo esakhula ngoba ukwazile ukuthola isiqu esiphezulu kwezeSayensi ngonyaka ka-1949 ngokuhamaba kwesikhathi wafundela isiqu kweZomthetho. Wathola umsebenzi wokuthi abe uMmeli waphinda futhi waba ingxenye yeJohannesburg Society of Advocates ngonyaka ka-1956 kuNdasa 9, eqinisweni uDumasile ubengumeli wokuqala kuthina abantu abamnyama ezweni lethu.

Ngenxa yomlando wakhe uDuma ube uphawu oluqinile lwabantu abalwelwa ukulingana ezweni laseNingizimu Afrika ngoba konke wakwenza ngokuzimisela futhi ngenhloso yokuthi kumele wonke umuntu aphile ngenkululeko ezweni lakhe.

Ngokuqala enyakeni ka-2003 iqembu elibizwa Duma Nokwe Group of Advocates lisungule insika yoshintsho endaweni kuwo wonke amalunga ayo lana sisho yena uPatrice Mtshualana SC, Dabi Kumalo SC, namanye amalunga. UNokwe ushone ngonyaka ka-1978 kuMasingana ngosuku 12 njengesizwe saseNingizimu Afrika sizinikezela ukuthi sihloniphe umgomo lona uDuma aphile ngawo futhi nezinye izifiso zakhe zifezeke.  

## Izikhomba
Potlako Leballo

**UPotlako Kitchener** Leballo (19 kaDisemba 1915 - Januwari 1986) wayengumntu wase-Afrika okhokela i-Pan Africanist Congress de kwangowe-1979. U-Leballo wayengumseki we-Basutoland African Congress ngo-1952 kunye nomlobi we-World War II kunye nomphathi wesikolo samabanga aphantsi.
Fatima Meer

**UFatima Meer** (12 kuNcwaba 1928 - 12 kuNdasa 2010) wayengumbhali waseNingizimu Afrika, ezemfundo, umlobi wesikrini, kanye nesishoshovu esikhulu esimele sobandlululo.
Velenkosini Fiki Hlabisa

**Velenkosini Fiki Hlabisa** (5 Masingana 1965) ngusombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika ongumongameli weqembu lezombuszwe Inkatha Freedom Party. UHlabisa ngaphambilini wabe engu nobhala-jikele waleli qembu okwathi ngonyaka wezi-2019 wakhethwa njengomongameli walo engaphikiswe emva kokuba uMangosuthu Buthelezi athatha umhlala phansi kwezombusazwe.
AmaBhungane

**AmaBhungane** yinhlangano yezintatheli yophenyo egxila kakhulu ekudaluleni inkohlakalo yezezimali kwezepolitiki eNingizimu Afrika kanye namazwe angomakhelwane. Umsunguli uthi igama labo lisho ukuthi “ibhungane lendle” ngesiZulu,  ulimi lwendabuko olukhulu lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Bathi "bamba indle, ukuvundisa intando yeningi (idimokhrasi)."  

Uphenyo lwabo lokuveza amaahlazo e-"#GuptaLeaks" luveze izindaba eziningi eminyakeni edlule ezembula inkohlakalo yezimali enkulu kwezepolitiki kuhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika, imisebenzi yabo yophenyo yamukelwa ngemiklomelo eminingi yokuhlonishwa kophenyo lobuntatheli. Le mibiko ikhombise ukuthi umndeni wakwaGupta "uthumbe umbuso" ngobungani bawo nalowo owayenguMongameli uZuma futhi kubukeka sengathi unomthelela ekuhlulweni kwe-ANC kukhetho luka-2016 kumadolobha amakhulukazi aseNingizimu Afrika, ukwehlulwa kukaZuma njengoMongameli we-African National Congress ngomhla ka 18 Disemba 2017 kanye nokwesula kukaZuma esikhundleni sokuba yinhloko yombuso ngomhla ka 14 kuFebhuwari 2018.  Baphinde baba nomthelela ekudululweni kwe-Paradise Papers  neminye imibiko eminingi ephathelene nomnotho wezepolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika. 

## Imiklomelo
Lokhu okulandelayo kubandakanya imiklomelo embalwa enikezwe amaBhungane namalungu eqembu labo: 

* NgoMashi 19, 2018: "Izintatheli eziyi-19 ezivela kuMaBhungane, iDaily Maverick neNews24, zathola umklomelo weTaco Kuiper Award ka-2017 ngomsebenzi wazo omuhle kakhulu wobuntatheli bokuphenya ngokudalulwa kwama-imeyili ngamahlazo amaGupta, okwaziwa nangokuthi yi- #GuptaLeaks."  Kuthiwa i-Taco Kuiper umklomelo omkhulukazi kunamanye waseNingizimu Afrika wophenyo lobuntatheli. 

* 16 Novemba 2017: AmaBhungane abelana ngomklomelo wonyaka wobuntatheli waseVodacom owaziwa ngelokuthi yi- 2017 Vodacom Journalist of the Year Award / kwisigaba sezomnotho kanye Daily Maverick futhi News24 ngochungechunge lwama #GuptaLeaks.  

* Ngomhlaka 28 June 2017: USusan Comrie noCraig McKune, abaphenyi bamaBhungane, bawina imiklomelo yonyaka yomlobi wonyaka owaziwa ngelokuthi yi-2016 Sanlam Financial Journalist of the Year kanye ne-Online Financial Journalist of the Year, ngokulandelana.  

## Amanothi

## Bheka futhi

* Ukulandelelwa kweningi labantu ngobunhloli eNingizimu Afrika i-Mass surveillance in South Africa
Pixley ka Isaka Seme

**UPixley ka Isaka Seme** (c. 1881 [1] - Juni 1951) wayengomunye wabameli abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika (u-Alfred Mangena wayengummeli wokuqala omnyama, uDuma Nokwe ummeli wokuqala omnyama), kanye nomsunguli noMongameli Wama-Afrika I-National Congress.
Thenjiwe Mtinso

**UThenjiwe Mtintso**, wazalwa ngomhlaka 7 Lwezi eSoweto Johannesburg lapho akhulela khona. Unina uHanna Mtintso ubesebenza ezindlini kanti ubaba wakhe uGana Makabeniwas ubengumbhali kwezentengiselwano futhi eyilungu le-African National Congress (ANC). UMtintso wabhekana nezinkinga zezezimali ezazibeka phansi imfundo yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikole futhi asebenze ngokugcwele emafektri ahlukahlukene ukuze axhase izifundo zakhe zesikhashana esikoleni samabanga aphakeme nase-University of Fort-Hare.
Ruth First

**URuth First** (4 Meyi 1925 - 17 Agasti 1982) wayeyisishoshovu saseNingizimu Afrika esasilwa nobandlululo nesazi saseGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Ubeyindodakazi ka Jewwish Immigrants Julius no Matilda First .uJulius ubeyi furniture manufacture wazalwa eLavitvia bese wazohlala eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka1906 eneminyaka eyishumi umatilda yena weza eNingizimu Afrika esukabeLithuania eseneminyaka yesine .bobabili bebayingxenye yeCommunist Party South Africa ngonyaa 1921.uRuth ubenomfowabo abambiza ngoronald .bakhule bobabili ndawonye.uRuth wenza ibanga leshumi nabili eJeppe high School lapho kufunda amantombazane wondwa . Wathi eqeda ukufunda esikoleni wafunda umatikuletsheni eWitwaterstand Johannesburg,sukela ngonyaka 1940 ukuya kunyaka  1946. Waqeda ne BA Social studies wathola isikhundla sokuqala isifundo seSocialogy , Anthropology kanye ne Economic histroy. Wayefunda noNelson Mandela, Eduardo Mandlana, Joe Slovo , TN Singh and Ismail.

Ngonyaka 1974 waqala wasebenza ukuba eJohannesburg  City Council kodwa wayeka ngoba enqaba izenzo zokuba iCouncil wase waba yi Johannesburg editor kumaphephabhuku. Njengomuntu ongumthathi ndaba ubesebenza ukuthutha izindaba ngabantu abasebenza ensimini kanye nokunye  ngonyaka ka 1950 .Washada noJoe Slovo ngonyaka ka1946 obekangumeli asebenza kanzima njengoNkosikazi wakhe uRuth First.Bobabili bebanabantwana abathathu uShawn, Gillian noRobyn . Ubengumlweli wenkululeko,umsizi wethu,iqhawekazi lethu nomvikeli wethu .Nesizulu siyasho ukuthi izandla ziyagezana lokho kusho ukuthi usisizile nathi asimsize ngokuphathana kahle njengoba walwela inkululeko . Wabulawa yibomb .uRuth First washona ngosuku lweshumi nesikhombisa August 1982 endaweni yaseMaputo eMozambique.

## Izikhombau
Cheryl Carolus

**Cheryl Carolus** (ea hlahileng ka la 27 Mots'eanong 1958) ke ralipolotiki oa Afrika Boroa. O hlahetse Silvertown, Cape Flats, Cape Town.
Dumisa Ntsebeza

**UDumisa Buhle Ntsebeza** (owazalwa mhlaka-31 zika-Mfumfu 1949) ngummeli, isikhulumi, nombhali waseNingizimu Afrika ozelwe eTranskei,  eMthatha ngaseEastern Cape. Ungumfowabo kaSolwazi Lungisile Ntsebeza . UnguSihlalo weDesmond Tutu Peace Trust  njalo uyisikhulu seNelson Mandela Foundation. Wabamba iqhaza emzabalazweni wezepolitiki wokulwa nobandlululo. Ngenxa yalokho yena nabafowabo baboshwa ngo 1976. Ngenkathi eboshiwe wenza iziqu zakhe zomthetho . Ngo 1995 uNtsebeza ube yingxenye yeKhomishini yeQiniso nokuBuyisana iTruth and Reconciliation Commision. UNtsebeza waqokwa ukuba yi-chancellor ye-University of Fort Hare Ngenyanga kaMasingana ngo 2017.

## Ebuntwaneni
UNtsebenza ukhulele, eTranskei endlini ekwakungeyona indlu yezepolitiki eyeqisayo, nabazali ababili ababengothisha bonke. Ngeskhathi bekhula ubaba kaNtsebeza wayekhuthaza ingane zakhe ukuthi bafunde iincwadi ukuze bathole ulwazi ngento ezihlukene. Yena no mfowabo badonswa ukungenela ezepolitiki zokuphikisana ngenxa yokukhuthazwa ngubaba wabo ebakhuthaza ukuba "bafunde futhi bazi ukuthi kwenzekani emhlabeni" .

## Imfundo
UNtsebeza wenza izifundo zakhe zebanga eliphansi eCala United Primary School naseDutch Reformed Church School. Waqeda ustandard six ngo 1961 waqhubeka ngemfundo zakhe eArthur Tsengiwe Practical School ngo 1962 -1964. UNtsebenza wenza izifundo zikamatric eSt John's College eMthatha . 

Waqokwa njenge chancellor eYunivesi yase Fort hare ngo 2017 kukaMasingana. Ummeli Ntsebeza wengezwe njengo meli ngo 1984. 

Umele inqwaba yamabanjwa ezepolitiki phakathi nawo-1980 futhi ekuqaleni kwawo 1990 wamisa waba ngomunye wababizi, enkulumeni kanye nenhlangano yokubuyisana. Ungumsunguli wenhlangano yezwe Iningizimu Afrika wentando yeningi abameli kanye nabongameli bayo yena wakhona njengo mongameli wokumangalelwa wabameli abamnyama.

## Inkomba
Yvonne Mokgoro

**U-Yvonne Mokgoro** (wazalwa mhla ka 19 kuMfumfu - Okthoba 1950) wayengumahluleli wangaphambili weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nonkosikazi kaJob Mokgoro . 

## Umlando ngomsebenzi
UMokgoro waqokwa ebhentshini ngo-1994 nguNelson Mandela . UMokgoro uyilungu lebhodi leSikhungo Samalungelo Abantu i-Centre for Human Rights eNyuvesi yasePitoli futhi unguSihlalo wamanje weKhomishana ye-South African Law Reform Commission .  

Wafunda eNyuvesi yaseNorth-West lapho athola khona iziqu ze-B.luris ngo-1982, wathola iziqu ze-LLB eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kanye ne-LLM ngo-1987. Ubuye wafunda e-University of Pennsylvania Law School e-US, lapho aklonyeliswa khona ngenye i-LLM degree.

## Eminye imisebenzi

* I-Open Society Justice Initiative, Ilungu Lebhodi 

## Ukwamukelwa nokubongwa
Phakathi kwenqwaba yezindondo anikezwe zona kubalwa indondo yeHuman Rights Award eyanikezwa yiBlack Lawyers Association, (1995) i-Oude Molen Reserve Order of Merit (1995/1996), iLegal Profession's Woman Achiever Award yiCentre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria (2001), University of the North School of Law Excellence Award (2003), i-Kate Stoneman Democracy Award (2003), i-Tshwane Outstanding Service Award (TOSA) ngo-2006 kanye ne-James Wilson Award yi-University of Pennsylvania Law School ( 2008).

## Amareferensi
Murphy Morobe

**UMurphy Morobe** ungumuntu oqopha umlando oqhamuka enhlanganweni elwa nobandlululo yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Uqale isikole e-Ermelo Morobe, waqeda isikole samabanga aphansi eSoweto wabe eseya e-Orlando North Secondary School nase-Isaacson High School. Ngenkathi esafunda esikoleni esiphakeme waba nentshisekelo kwezepolitiki nomlando. Ngo-1972 uMorobe waba yingxenye yeSouth African Student's Movement (SASM). Izinto ezibalulekile kuye kwakuwubumbano nentuthuko yomphakathi.

Amalungu amaningi e-SASM aboshwa ngo-1973 futhi baba buthaka impela.

Ngo-1974 uMorobe wasiza ngokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-SASM, wabe esebekwa ngumgcinimafa ngabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waba ngomunye wabaholi babafundi beSoweto Uprising ngoJuni, 1976. Ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe lokuvukela umbuso, wahlala iminyaka emithathu ejele eRobben Island. Wagwetshwa isikhathi sakhe ehambisana nabanye abaholi babafundi. Ubephinde abe phakathi kweziboshwa sezepolitiki zaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nomholi we-African National Congress uNelson Mandela. Wadedelwa ngoMeyi 1982.

Ngemuva kokukhululwa ejele, wabuyela kwezepolitiki, wazibandakanya namaqembu amaningi, okubandakanya: iCongress of South African Student (COSAS), General and Allied Worker's Union futhi wasiza ekwakheni i-United Democratic Front (South Africa) (UDF) in 1983.

Ngo-1994 uMorobe waba nguSihlalo kanye no-CEO weKhomishini Yezimali Nezimali eNingizimu Afrika. UMorobe ubeseMkhandlwini Wezemfundo Ephakeme (CHE). UnguSihlalo weSouth African National Parks Board (SANP), futhi uyingxenye ye-International Fundraising Consortium, inhlangano enikeza izibonelelo zemali emikhakheni engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. UMorobe uphinde waqokwa esikhundleni sokuba nguMqondisi ebhodini le-Old Mutual South Africa.

Njengamanje ungumkhulumeli kaMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika uThabo Mbeki.

## Izinkomba

# Ubani osepolitiki yaseNingizimu Afrika. Vol. II. EGoli: Ravan Press
Teboho MacDonald Mashinini

U**Teboho "Tsietsi" MacDonald Mashinini** (owazalwa ngo-27 Januwari 1957 - 1990) eCentral Western Jabavu, Soweto, eSouth Africa, washona ehlobo, ngo-1990 eConakry, iGini), wangcwatshwa u-Avalon Cemetery, wayengumholi wabafundi ophambili weSungeto Uprising eyaqala phakathi ISoweto futhi yasakazekela iNingizimu Afrika yonke ngoJuni, 1976.

## Life

UTeboho Tsietsi Mashinini owaziwa ngegama lakhe lokudlala okungu "Mcdonald" wazalwa ngonyaka ka-1957 ngezi 27 kuMasingana. Wayeyingane yesibili ezinganeni ezingu-13 zikaRamothibe (ubaba) noNomkhitha Virginia (umama) Mashinini. Wayengumfundi ohlakaniphile, owaziwayo futhi ophumelelayo e-Morris Isaacson High School eSoweto, lapho ayeyinhloko yeqembu lezenkulumo-mpikiswano futhi engumongameli we-Wesley Guild ye-Weseli.

Igxathu elathathwa uhulumeni wobandlululo waseNingizimu Afrika lokwenza ulimi lwe-Afrikaans lube ulimi olulinganayo lwemfundo kubo bonke abantu baseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesiNgisi sasingadumile kakhulu kubafundi baseNingizimu Afrika abamnyama nabakhuluma isiNgisi.

Umfundi ngokwakhe, uMashinini wahlela umbukiso omkhulu wabafundi mhla ziyi-16 kuNhlangulana ngonyaka  ka-1976. Lo mbukiso waziwa ngokuthi yi-Soweto Uprising, owathatha izinsuku ezintathu, lapho kwabulawa khona amakhulu amaningana abantu.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Njengoba ayekhonjwe njengenhloko yokuvukela nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika, uMashinini wabaleka eNingizimu Afrika waya ekudingisweni, okokuqala waya ELondon futhi kamuva waya kwamanye amazwe ahlukene ase-Afrika, kufaka phakathi ILiberia, lapho ashada khona okwesikhashana noNkosikazi Liberia ka-1977, UWelma Campbell.

UMashinini washona ngaphansi kwezimo eziyingaziwa, mhlawumbe ngokubulawa kungahlosiwe, ehlobo langonyaka ka-1990 ngenkathi edingisiwe eGuinea. Mhla zi-4 August 1990, isidumbu sakhe sabuyiselwa eNingizimu Afrika, lapho angcwatshwa khona e-Avalon Cemetery. Ithuna lakhe linesihloko esithi "Black Power".
Phila Portia Ndwandwe

**UPhila Portia Ndwandwe** (b.1964-d.1988, owaziwa nangokuthi uZandile noma uZandi) wayengunomphathi wecala laseNatal loMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) owakhiwa nguMuzi Ngwenya (Thami Zulu noma “TZ”) waseSwaziland.
Zola Skweyiya

**UZola Sidney Themba Skweyiya** (nge-14 ka-Epreli ngo-1942 ukuya nge-11 ka-Epreli ngo-2018) wayepolitiki yoMzantsi Afrika owayengu-Mphathiswa Wezabasebenzi bakaRhulumente noLawulo ukusukela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-1999 kunye noMphathiswa woPhuculo loLuntu ukusukela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2009.

uZola Skweyiyia  waye omunye odume kakhulu kanye futhi waye edlala indima enkhulu kuANC kanye  engumnyango wezendaba futhi waye wayehlela komthethosiseko nokuxoxisana maqondana . Ukudlula emhlabeni kwalowo owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi, uDkt Zola Skweyiya, ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe ngomhlaka 11 Ephreli, kuliphange izwe elinye lamadodana akhe ahlonishwayo.Umlweli wenkululeko owafezekiswa njengeqhawe lomzabalazo wenkululeko ushiye ifa elinothile lokuzinikela ekunikeleni imisebenzi yocmphakathi nokwakha umphakathi onakekelayo nempilo engcono yabampofu.UDkt Skweyiya ubhekwe kakhulu ngeqhaza lakhe njengenhloko yoMnyango Wezindaba Zomthetho kanye nezomthethosisekelo we-ANC, obeseqakathekile ekubhaleni uMthethosisekelo kanye nezingxoxo ngokubhekela iNingizimu Afrika enkululekile neyentando yeningi.Ubuye wenza umfutho wakhe ekushintsheni kwezisebenzi zomphakathi zobandlululo zaba umsebenzi omusha womphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika okhululekile wentando yeningi, njengoNgqongqoshe Wezemisebenzi Kahulumeni Nezokuphatha.kanzima UDkt Skweyiya waqinisekisa ukuthokozwa kwaleli lungelo lomthethosisekelo ngezigidi zabantu baseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi izintandane nezingane ezisengozini. Ukuba khona kwezigidi eziyi-17 zabantu abathola izibonelelo zikahulumeni kuze kube manje kungenxa yokusebenza kanzima kukaSkweyiya obesebenza ngokungakhathali futhi waqinisekisa isisekelo esiqinile. Uhambe lonke izwe, ehlela imihlangano emikhulu yomphakathi, ebhalisela abantu izimpesheni, imali yesibonelelo sezingane, imali yokunakekela izingane, isibonelelo sokukhubazeka, isibonelelo sokusiza kanye nokukhululeka komphakathi kosizi, olwalwaziwa ngokuthi amaphasela okudla.Isibonelelo Sokuxhaswa Kwezingane (CSG) iyifa lakhe eliyinhloko. Ubevame ukukhumbuza abaphathi bakhe ukuthi ayikho ingane okufanele ilale ilambile, futhi kwenziwa imikhankaso eminingi yokwenyusa ukuthathwa kwe-CSG. Kuze kube manje, abayizigidi eziyi-11 kwezigidi eziyi-17 zabantu abathola izibonelelo zikahulumeni abathola i-CSG.For Dr Skweyiya. KuDkt Skweyiya, ukwakha umphakathi onakekelayo futhi nokwenza iNingizimu Afrika indawo engcono yokuhlala abantu abampofu futhi ababencishwe amathuba kwakungeyona nje isiqubulo. Wayephila le mantra futhi nsuku zonke zokusebenza wayefuna izindlela zokwenza ngcono izimpilo zalabo abanenhlanhla encane.

## Izikhomba
Brigitte Mabandla

UBrigitte Mabandla wazalwa zingama-23 kuLwezi ngo-1948. Maphakathi nawo-1970s wasebenza njengomxhumanisi wobusha e-Institute of Race Relations eThekwini kodwa washiya iNingizimu Afrika waya eZambia lapho athola khona iziqu zakhe zeLLB. Phakathi konyaka we-1981 nowe-1983 wafundisa isiNgisi noMthetho eBotswana polytechnic kanti kusukela ngo-1983 kuya ku-1986 wafundisa ngezoMthetho eBrazil Institute of Administration and Commerce. Kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1990 wasebenza njengomeluleki wezomthetho eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zomthetho kanye Nezomthethosisekelo we-ANC. Ngalesi sikhathi wabhekisisa ngamalungelo ezingane, amalungelo abantu kanye nezomthethosisekelo

Ngemuva kokungavunyelwa kwe-ANC nezinye izinhlangano zezepolitiki, ubuyela eNingizimu Afrika njengengxenye yeqembu le-ANC elixoxisana futhi njengamanje uyilungu leKhomishini Yomthethosisekelo yeqembu. Ungumsunguli weKomidi Likazwelonke Lamalungelo Ezingane futhi uhambe emhlabeni wonke ethuthukisa amalungelo ezingane. Ngo-1995 waba yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezobuciko, Amasiko, Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe kwathi ngonyaka we-2003, waqokwa njengoNgqongqoshe Wezindlu.

Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakhe njengoNgqongqoshe Wezamabhizinisi Kahulumeni, wasebenza njengePhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezobuciko, Amasiko, Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe kusuka ngomhlaka 18 Ephreli 1995 kuze kube ngumhla zingama-25 kuFebhuwari 2003; NjengoNgqongqoshe Wezindlu ukusuka ngomhlaka 26 kuFebhuwari 2003 kuze kube ngumhla zingama-28 Ephreli 2004 nanjengoNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo weRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngomhlaka 29 Ephreli 2004 kuze kube ngumhla zingama-25 Septhemba 2008.

## izinkomba
Kader Asmal

**U-Abdul Kader Asmal** (8 Okthoba 1934 - 22 Juni 2011) wayengusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika owazalelwa kwelaseNdiya. Wayenguprofesa wamalungelo abantu eNyuvesi yaseWestern Cape, engusihlalo womkhandlu weNyuvesi yaseNyakatho kanye nomsekeli kamongameli we-African Association of International Law. Wayeshade noLouise Parkinson futhi wayenamadodana amabili.
Penuell Maduna

**Penuell Mpapa Maduna** wayenguNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa ngaphansi kukaMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika uNelson Mandela, kusukela ngonyaka we-1994-98.
Mac Maharaj

**USathyandranath Ragunanan "Mac" Maharaj** (owazalwa ngo-22 Ephreli 1935 eNewcastle, KwaZulu-Natal) usopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika oxhumene ne-African National Congress, yezemfundo nosomabhizinisi odabuka kwelaseNdiya. Ungomunye okhulumela uMengameli waseNingizimu Afrika ngokusemthethweni, uJacob Zuma.
Josie Palmer

**UJosie Mpama** (1903 - 1979) wazalelwa ePotchefstroom , kodwa wakhulela eSophiatown, eRhawutini. Wazibandakanya neqela lamaKomanisi oMzantsi Afrika (i-CPSA) ngonyaka ka-1920. Ngo-1921 wabuyela ePotchefstroom apho wabandakanyeka kwezopolitiko zendawo wanyulwa njengonobhala wecandelo labasetyhini le-CPSA. UJosie utshatile uEdwin Mofutsanyana, ilungu eliphambili leqela lamaKomanisi oMzantsi Afrika (i-CPSA) kunye ne-African National Congress (ANC). Bebonke babehlala kwingingqi yase-Afrika nangona yena wazihlukanisa njengoBala. Kulapho wafudukela kwilokishi yasekhaya apho wamkela isibongo uMpama.

## Imithombo
Abram Onkgopotse Tiro

**U-Abrama Onkgopotse Tiro** (9 Novemba 1945 - 1 uFebhuwari 1974) wayeyisishoshovu sabafundi saseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesishoshovu somuntu owayebulawa umbuso wobandlululo.
Dumile Feni

**UZwelidumile Geelboi Mgxaji Mslaba "Dumile" Feni** (Meyi 21, 1942 - 1991) wayengumdwebi wokubuka izinto zaseNingizimu Afrika, waziwa ngayo yomibili imidwebo yakhe eyayifaka izinto ezibukekayo kanye nemifanekiso eqoshwe ngobuciko, eyayiveza umzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika. UFeni wayehlala ekudingisweni kanye nobuphofu obedlula yonke imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko.

UFeni wazalelwa endaweni encane emapulazini ngaseWorcester, NgasesiFundazweni seCape Town, eNingizimu Afirika, kunina bazali Geelbooi Magogwana ,Umhwebi ongumvangeli,Kanye noBettie Nothemba Mgxaji, ongusomaBizinisi, ngenkathi esakhula, Umdeni kaFeni wathutha waya ngaseEstate ngaseCape Town. Umdeni wakho babengamaXhosa. 

## Imithombo
Albert Luthuli

**Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli** wazalelwa e Solusi mission station e Zimbabwe. Wazalwa ngo 1898, ubabawakhe ngu John Bunye Luthuli. u-Albert John wayeyi ngane ye nkosi eGroutville e Mvoti Mission Reserve ngase stanger, eNatali. Waba yi christian missionary nge langa lesikhombisa esontweni elibizwa nge-adventist. Wayengumtoliki endaweni yase Matabele eRhosedia. umama wakhe kwaku ngu-Mtonya Gumede futhi wayechitha isikhathi esiningi endlini kaCetshwayo ka Mpande. Wayeyi nkosi yombuso waKwaZulu kodwa futhi wayeyingane yesithathu.

Ubaba wakhe kwakungu-John Bunyan Luthuli, owayechitha kakhulu isikhathi naye kanye no mama wakhe kusukela onyakeni ka-1906 kuya ku-1908 endaweni yase Groutville. Babehlala no malume owayebizwa ngo Marthin Luthuli ngonyaka ka-1911. u-Albert  wafunda esikoleni esibizwa nge-Local Congregationalist Mission School.

Albert wayakofunda e-Ohlange Institution Boarding School eyayiphethwe ngu-John Dube owayenguhulumeni we-South African Native National Council (SANNC). u-Albert wathuthelwa e-Edendale ngase Mgungundlovu ukuze aqhubeke izifundo zakhe zobuthisha. Washona ngo-Ntulikazi 21, 1967.
Pitika Ntuli

**UPitika Ntuli** (wazalwa ngo-1942, eSprings, eGauteng ) **ungumqaphi** waseNingizimu Afrika, imbongi,  umbhali, kanye nomfundi owachitha iminyaka eyi-32 yakhe edingisweni Eswatini nase-UK.   Wabambe i-MFA evela ePratt Institute eNew York kanye ne-MA ku-Comparative Industrial Relations kanye ne-Industrial Sociology. Ngenkathi esekudingisweni e-UK, wafundisa eCamberwell College of Art, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, eLondon College of Printing, Middlesex Yunivesithi nase- Yunivesithi yase East London . Selokhu ebuyele eNingizimu Afrika wafundisa eWits nase UKZN . 

UPitika Ntuli ukhombise imibukiso eminingi namaqembu emazweni amaningi eYurophu nase-USA, futhi uhlela imicimbi eminingi yobuciko bamanye amazwe namasiko eBrithani. Izithombe zakhe ezibaziwe ziseqoqweni elilodwa elizimele emhlabeni jikelele, lifana lelikaPaul Simon, uPhuthuma Nhleko, no-Edward no-Irene Akufo-Addo. Nezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu zakhe ezikhonza umphakathi ezitholakala iSwaziland National Bank, St Mary iSonto LamaKatolika Lobamba, COSATU House, eGoli, kanye Dieploof, eSoweto. Kuze kube ngu-2010 wayengakaze akhombise ezweni lakubo. Waba nombukiso wakhe wokuqala eSouth Africa eMuseum Africa, eGoli ngo-2010, walandelwa yimibukiso eDurban Art Gallery (www.durban.gov.za) nase-UNISA Gallery, ePitoli (www.UNISA.ac.za) ngonyaka ka-2011. . 'Iphunga Lezingabonakali Lezinyawo: ISilo Somfanekiso kaPitika Ntuli' sishicilelwe yi-UNISA ukuhambisana noMboniso wakhe eNingizimu Afrika.  Esikhathi esiningi kade  embukisa koMthethosisekelo Hill kanye eMelrose Arch ngaseGoli, kwiOliver Tambo yemasiko ekhatsi Ekhuruleni. 

UPitika Ntuli ungcwepheshe ezinhlelweni zolwazi lwendabuko zase-Afrika. Ungumhlaziyi ojwayelekile wezepolitiki nosiko ku-TV nakuRadio. Ungumbongi nosomlomo owaziwayo obekade eyisikhulumi esiphambili emicimbini eminingi ephakeme kakhulu futhi ufunde izinkondlo zakhe ezinhlanganweni eziningi zezwe naseSifundweni. Uyisimenywa esivamile kuTV nakuRadio futhi ikakhulukazi emicimbini eminingi iziteshi zakwa-SABC zase-Afrika Zomsakazo, futhi ubambe iqhaza emaqenjini emisebenzi kazwelonke eyezifundazwe kanye namakomidi okululeka ongqongqoshe. 

Ubengumahluleli kumaSunday Times Literary Awards (2009). Ubuye waqoka iThimba Labasebenzi lika-2010 eleluleka uNgqongqoshe Wezobuciko Namasiko mayelana nezinhlelo zamasiko ahlobene neNdebe Yomhlaba, kubandakanya nemikhosi yokuvula nokuvala. 

UPitika ushade no-Antoinette Ntuli; banamadodana amane, amadodakazi amabili nabazukulu abane.

## Imithombo
Patricia de Lille

**UPatricia de Lille** usopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika owazalwa mla ziyi-17 kuFebruwari 1951 onguNgqongqoshe Wezemisebenzi Yomphakathi Nezingqalasizinda nomholi weqembu lezepolitiki i-Good . Wayengumngane ngaphambilini iMeya yaseKapa kusuka 2011 kuya 2018, futhi Cape uNgqongqoshe wesifundazwe Western weNtuthuko yezeNhlalakahle kusuka 2010 kuya 2011. Wasungula futhi wahola i- Independent Democrats (ID), iqembu lezepolitiki abelisungula ngonyaka ka-2003 ngesikhathi ewindi eliwela indawo ngemuva kokuhlukana nePan Africanist Congress (PAC). Ngo-Agasti 2010, umazisi wahlangana neDemocratic Alliance, iqembu eliphikisayo laseNingizimu Afrika,  futhi iqembu lahlakazwa ngokusemthethweni ngonyaka we-2014. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2017, ubenguMholi weSifundazwe weDemocratic Alliance eWestern Cape.

UDe Lille wavotelwa wama-22 kumaTop 100 Great South Africa, futhi uyaziwa ngeqhaza lakhe ophenyweni ngePolitiki Yezwe Yezomnotho enempikiswano -DA eKapa, ehlula uDan Plato, ngaphambi kokhetho lohulumeni basekhaya, lapho wakhethwa khona njengeMeya. Ubuye wakhethwa ihlandla lesibili njengeMeya okhethweni lohulumeni basekhaya luka-2016 . 

Mhla ziyi-8 kuMeyi 2018, Inkantolo Enkulu YaseWestern Cape yamisa UPatricia de Lille esikhundleni sakhe okwesikhashana esincane sokuba imeya.   Ngomhlaka 5 Agasti 2018, uDe Lille umemezele inhloso yakhe yokwesula esikhundleni njengeMeya yaseKapa. Ushiye phansi isikhundla sokuba yimeya futhi wanqamula ubulungu beqembu lakhe le-DA ngomhlaka 31 Okthoba 2018.

Ngenxa yalokho, wakhetha uZinhle ngoDisemba 2018, futhi wamenyezelwa njengophakanyiselwe ukuqokwa njengoNdunankulu waseWestern Cape ngoFebhuwari 2019. Wakhethelwa ePhalamende ngoMeyi wezi-2019 futhi wathatha isikhundla sokuba yilungu leLungu mhlaka 22 Meyi 2019. Ngomhlaka 29 Meyi 2019, uDe Lille waqokwa nguMongameli uCyril Ramaphosa njengoNgqongqoshe Wezemisebenzi Yomphakathi Nezingqalasizinda . 

UDe Lille wazalwa ngo-1951 eBeaufort West, futhi waya eBastiaanse Hoërskool.  Ngo-1974 waba uchwepheshe welebhu efektri. Waqhubeka nokuzibandakanya enkampanini efanayo kuze kube ngo-1990.  Ngalesi sikhathi, wabandakanyeka kwiSouth African Chemical Workers Union, waqala njengomphathi wezitolo wabe eseba ngunobhala wesifunda, ngaphambi kokuqokwa njengeLungu Lesigungu Sikazwelonke ngo-1983.  Ngo-1988, wakhethwa njengePhini Likamongameli Kazwelonke We-National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU),  UDe Lille wazalwa ngo-1951 eBeaufort West, futhi waya eBastiaanse Hoërskool. Ngo-1974 waba uchwepheshe welebhu efektri. Waqhubeka nokuzibandakanya enkampanini efanayo kuze kube ngo-1990.  Ngalesi sikhathi, wabandakanyeka kwiSouth African Chemical Workers Union, waqala njengomphathi wezitolo wabe eseba ngunobhala wesifunda, ngaphambi kokuqokwa njengeLungu Lesigungu Sikazwelonke ngo-1983.  Ngo-1988, wakhethwa njengePhini Likamongameli Kazwelonke We-National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU),
## Izinkomba
Robert Sobukwe

**URobert Mangaliso Sobukwe** (5 Disemba 1924 - 27 ngoFebhuwari 1978) wayengumuntu ophikisayo futhi enguthisha ovelele kwezepolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika, owasungula iPan Africanist Congress ngokungahambisani nohlelo lobandlululo lwaseNingizimu Afrika.
Marlene Dumas

**UMarlene Dumas** (owazalwa ngo-1953) ungumculi nomdwebi waseNingizimu Afrika. 

Dumas wazalwa ngo-1953 eKapa, eNingizimu Afrika, waze wakhulela eKuils River eINtshonalanga Kapa, lapho ubaba wakhe wayenevineyard.  Wafundela ubuciko eNyuvesiyase Kapa kusuka ngo-1972 kuya ku-1975, kwathi lapho ese- Ateliers '63 eHaarlem, eNyakatho Holland eNetherlands . Wafundela ubuchwepheshe bezengqondo e- eNyuvesi yase Amsterdam ngo-1979-1980. 

Wayevame ukusebenzisa inkomba yezithombe ezenzwe nge polaroid zabangani nabathandi bakhe, kanti futhi wayethola inkomba kwimagazini nezinto ezingcolile zobulili. UMarlene Dumas ubuye apende imidwebo yezingane nezigcawu ezixakile ukuze kube nomthelela emhlabeni wobuciko besimanje . Uveze ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe yaziswa kangcono makungeyomdabu njengoba imisebenzi eminingi yobulili yakhe emincane isondele kakhulu.  

Imidwebo kaDumas ibonwa njengezithombe kepha ayimeli abantu ngesimo esingokomzwelo umuntu angaba kuso. Ubuciko bakhe bugxile ezindabeni ezibucayi nakwizindikimba ezinjengobulili nezobuhlanga, imizwa yecala nobumsulwa, udlame nobumnene.  Isitayela sikaDumas yisiko labudala kakhulu lothando. Usebenzisa amabrashi okungeziwe okungeza ukuhlanekezela kepha nemininingwane enhle kubuciko bakhe.  

Umbukiso wakhe wokuqala obalulekile waseMnyuziyamu waseMelika, owenziwa kabusha onesihloko esithi "Measuring Your Own Grave", wavula ngoNhlangulana ngonyaka ka 2008 eMnyuziyamu yeContemporary Art, eLos Angeles, waze wathuthela eMnyuziyamu ye-Art eNew York City. 

Ukuthengiswa *kukaJule-die Vrou kaDumas,* ngo-1985, *kubeke* uDumas njengomunye wabaculi besifazane abathathu abaphilayo ukuhweba ngaphezulu kuka- $ 1 million.  

Imidwebo kaDumas yakhonjiswa eVenice Biennale ngonyaka ka-2003.  

Umbukiso wemidwebo kaDumas onesihloko esithi 'The Image as Burden' ukhonjiswe eStedelijk Museum e-Amsterdam, Holland kusukela ngomhlaka 6 kuMandulo 2014 ukuya kumhla ka 4 KuMasingana 2015. 

## Imithombo
Thenjiwe Mtintso

UThenjiwe Mtintso wazalwa mhla ziyisikhombisa kuLwezi ngonyaka ka 1950 elokishini lase Soweto eGoli , lapho akhulela khona. Umama wakhe uHanna Mtintso wayesebenza njengomsizi wasendlini kanti ubaba uGana Makabeni wayengusotswebhu wezinyunyana kanye nelungu le African National Congress. UMtintso wabhekana nezinqinamba zezimali ezamvimbela ekuqhubekeni nezifundo zakhe. Njengomphumela, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikole ayosebenza ngokugcwele ezinkampanini ezahlukene ukukhokhela izifundo zakhe esikoleni samazinga aphakeme kanye naseNyuvesi yase Fort-Hare.

ENyuvesi waba yisishoshovu somfundi kwi South African Student Organisation kanye ne Black Consciousness Movement. Ubushoshovu bakhe njengomfundi kwezepolitiki kwaholela ekuxoshweni kwakhe eNyuvesi yase Fort-Hare. Njengomphumela wobushoshovu bakhe kwezepolitiki , uMtintso wavalelwa izikhathi ezahlukene umbutho wezokuvikela ngonyaka ka 1970. Waphinde wanqatshelwa ukuhlanganyela emibuthwaneni eminingi ngenxa yokuba yisishoshovu, nomdidiyeli, nobuntatheli bephephandaba i Daily Dispatch Newspaper.

Emva kokuboshwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngumbutho wezokuphepha, uMtintso waphoqeleka ukuba aye ekudingisweni ngonyaka ka 1978 , lapho wazibandakanya nombutho we ANC kanye noMkhonto Wesizwe. Waqeqeshelwa ubusotsha , wazabalaza ngaphezu kwezinqinamba, waba ngumkhuzi woMkhonto Wesizwe. Wathunyelwa eF*é* del Valle School  eCuba ukuyoqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa. 

UMtintso wahlala ekudingisweni kwaze kwaba unyaka  ka 1992 wayesebuyela eNingizimu Afrika. Waqokelwa ekomidini elikhulu loguquko waba yilungu elisemqoka ku Convention For a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), kwizingxoxo.Emva kokhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi kuNdasa wonyaka ka 1994, waba yilungu le ANC  lase palamende. Wabuye wasebenza njengosihlalo wekhomishana yokulingana kwezobulili ngo 1997, kanye nosihlalo webhodi lwezokuxhumana kwezobulili. 

Emva konyaka waqokelwa yisekela likanobhala we ANC. UMtintso waphinde wasebenza njengelungu lekomidi ye South African Communist Party. Ngaleso sikhathi wayenza nezifundo zobuciko eNyuvesi yase Witwatersrand ngonyaka ka 1998. Ngonyaka ka 2007 waqokelwa isikhundla sokuyomelela iNingizimu Afrika eCuba waphinde waqokwa ngo 2010 ukuyomelela iNingizimu Afrika ezweni lase Italy.

## Izinkomba
Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v Prince

**UNgqongqoshe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo v Prince** [ 2018 ] ZACC 30 yisinqumo seNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika esedluliselwa ngomhlaka 18 kuMandulo 2018 esathola ukuthi akukho emthethweni ukuthi umbuso wenze ubugebengu ngokuphatha impahla, ukusetshenziswa noma ukutshala insangu ngabantu abadala ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu ngasese. Inkantolo yanikeza iPhalamende izinyanga ezingama-shumi amabili nane (24) zokuchibiyela imithetho ethintekayo, kodwa futhi yanikeza impumuzo yesikhashana ebinomphumela wokuwenza ngokushesha kube semthethweni ukuthi abantu abadala basebenzise insangu ngasese (endaweni efihlakele) babe ne-cannabis ngasese ukuze isetshenziswe ngumenziswa komuntu siqu.  

## Izinkomba


## Izixhumanisi ezingaphandle

* Umbhalo wesahlulelo
Oliver Tambo

U-Oliver Reginald Tambo wazalwa ngomhlaka-27  kuMfumfu ngonyaka ka-1917 endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi iNkantolo edolobheni laseBizana;ePondoland eseyaziwa ngokuthi y i-Eastern Cape. Lendawo uTambo wavelela kuyo kwakusemapulazini.Ubaba wakhe, uMzimeni Tambo, wayeyindodana yomunini pulazi nomsizi wesitolo esisasiseduze nakubo. Ubaba uMzimeni wayenamakhosikazi amane nezingane eziyishumi, Bonke babengafundile. Umama ka-Oliver wayeyinkosikazi yesithathu, igama lakhe kwakungu Julia Tambo. Babevela emndenini ozimele.Izingane zikababa wakhe kwakumele zibe nemfundo enhle. Wafunda e-Angelican and Methodist Missionary School nase Holly Cross Missionary School nobhuti wakhe. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu e-Holy Cross, uTambo wenza kahle ezifundweni zakhe wadlulela eSt Peter, eGoli. UTambo wenza iziqu ngonyaka ka-1938 njengomunye wabafundi abaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho, uTambo wangeniswa eNyuvesi yaseFort Hare kodwa ngo-1940 yena kanye nabanye abaningana kuhlanganisa uNelson Mandela, waxoshwa ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza esitelekeni sabafundi. Ngonyaka ka-1942, uTambo wabuyela esikoleni ayekade efunda kuso esikoleni samazinga aphakeme eGoli ukuyofundisa izifundo zesayensi nezibalo.

Ngonyaka ka-1943, uTambo, uMandela kanye noWalter Sisulu basungula uphiko lwentsha lwe-ANC, lapho uTambo eba nguNobhala wabo wokuqala kazwelonke futhi waba yilungu lesigungu Sikazwelonke ngo-1948. Inhlangano yentsha yahlongoza ukuthi kuguqulwe amaqhinga wenhlangano elwa nobandlululo. Phambilini, i-ANC ibikade ifuna ukuqhubekisela phambili imbangela yayo ngezenzo ezifana nezikhalazo kanye nemiboniso; Uphiko lwentsha lwabona ukuthi lezi zenzo azenele ukufeza izinhloso zeqembu futhi ziphakamisa olwabo "uHlelo Lokusebenza". Lolu hlelo lwalumela emaqhingeni anjengokuqala iziteleka, ukunganakwa kwezidingo zomphakathi  kanye nokungabambisani.

Ngonyaka ka-1955, uTambo waba nguNobhala-Jikelele we-ANC ngemuva kokuthi uSisulu enqatshelwe nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuqinisa Ubukhomanisi. Ngo-1958, waba yiPhini likaMongameli we-ANC kwathi ngonyaka ka-1959 wanikezwa umyalo wokuxoshwa kweminyaka emihlanu nguhulumeni.

Ngemuva kwezinkinga ngokushaywa kwakhe isifo sohlangothi, uTambo washona ngomhlaka-24 kuMbasa , ngonyaka ka-1993 eneminyaka ewu-75. Ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-14.ngemuva kokubulawa kukaChris Hani nonyaka owodwaAfrican ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke luka-1994 lapho uNelson Mandela aba nguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika. UMandela, uThabo Mbeki kanye noWalter Sisulu baya emngcwabeni. UTambo wangcwatshwa eBenoni, eGauteng.

## iZikhomba‎
Telecel Group

**Telecel Group** yinkampani yezokuxhumana ngakwamanye amazwe ekhona emazweni angama-20+, isebenza ikakhulukazi e- Afrika ngokuthuthuka kanye nokutholwa kwabahlinzeki kanye nabanikezeli bezinsizakalo kubaqhubi beselula.   

## Isendlalelo
**Telecel bangabanikezeli** bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi zomhlaba jikelele ze-Voice, Idatha, i-SMS, ne-IPTV.   

Telecel Global yasungulwa ngo-2007 njenge-Exxon Telecom.   Ngesikhathi seSports World Congress ebibanjelwe eBarazil, Spain, NFS kanye neTelecel Global bamemezele isivumelwano sabo sokuhlanganisa.  **' 

Telecel unesipiliyoni eside isikhathi eside ekuphatheni amasango e-International Voice ne-SMS abasebenza ngaphezu kweselula abasebenza kakhulu e-Afrika.  Le nkampani inikezela ngezinsizakalo eziphelele zokuxhumana ngocingo kwabasebenza ngeSelula Network Operators, i-Public Turnched Ucingo Networks (PSTN), i-OTTs, kanye ne-Wholesale Carriers ukuxhumana okungaphezulu kwama-300 komhlaba.  

Hugues Mulliez unguSihlalo Weqembu  kanti Mohamad Damush uyiSikhulu Esiphezulu se-Group kwa-Telecel Group  . 

== Amabhizinisi amane ==

=== Telecel Mobile ===
Telecel ngumbenzi we-MVNO ne-MVNE eSouth Africa, bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-2G / 3G / 4G ne-WIMAX.      

=== Telecel Play ===
Telecel Play iyisitolo esisodwa se-Mobile application enikezela ngezinsizakalo eziningi kubandakanya kepha azikhawulelwe: I-RCS, i-VOD ne-E / M-commerce yonke esebenzisa isici esisodwa sokungena ngemvume.    

=== Telecel Global ===
Telecel Global yizwi lomhlaba wonke, idatha kanye nomhlinzeki wesevisi we-SMS.   Telecel Global yasungulwa ngonyaka we-2007 ngokuhlangana kweNFS, inkampani ebambe iTelecel nokuthi kwakunjani Exxon Telecom.    

=== Africa Startup Initiative Program ===
Telecel Group yethule i-Africa Startup Initiative Programme (ASIP) eWorld Congress 2019, eBarcelona, eSpain.   

I-ASIP uhlelo lokuqalisa ukusheshisa lwe-CSR, okuhlose ngalo ukufaka isandla ngendlela enengqondo kwi-Afrika Continental ngokweseka iziqalo ezisencane ezinemibono emisha edala umehluko emiphakathini yazo. Lolu hlelo luveza iziqalo kuzinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba ukuvala ulwazi kanye nokuzivumela ukuthi zikhange abalingani abangangeza inani ezinhlelweni zabo zokuqala   

Esithangamini esikuMWC 2019, iTelecel Group iveze ukuthi isikhwama semali esiyizigidi ezingama- $ 10 ukukhulisa umnikelo wabasebenzi beselula ekuxhaseni amabhizinisi endawo.   

=== [[:fr:Telecel Centrafrique|Telecel Central African Republic]] ===
**Telecel CAR''' iyisikhungo esisebenza ngocingo esiseCentral African Republic kusukela ngonyaka we-1994, siyisikhungo esidala kunazo zonke nesokuqala esisebenza ezweni lonke ngenani lamakhasimende.  

### Telecel Limba
I-Telecel Group ithenge i-Gibralatar-based mobile network opharetha (MNO) Limba ngoMeyi 16, 2019.      Limba uhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinqunyelwe eGibraltar futhi ungowesibili opharetha ku-Mobile endaweni ( 2G / 3G / 4G amalayisense).  

Ukutholwa kuyingxenye yecebo lokwakha isikhungo samazwe onke ukwenza amabhizinisi ase-Afrika afinyelele futhi kunwetshwe indawo yawo.   

## Izinkomba