Isifo segciwane le-Ebola

**Isifo segciwane le-Ebola** (**EVD**) or **Imfiva Ye-Ebola eyophisayo** (**EHF**) yisifo esihlasela abantu ngegciwane le-Ebola. Igciwane le-Ebola. Izimpawu zaso zijwayele ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya emavikini amathathu emva kokuthintana negciwane, kanye nemfiva, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu.  Ngokujwayelekile isicanucanu, ukubuyisa kanye nokukhishwa yisisu kuyalandela, kanjalo nokwehla kwamandla okusebenza kwesibindi kanye nezinso. Lapho-ke, abanye abantu baye baqalwe yizinkinga zokopha.

Igciwane lingatholakala ngokuthinta igazi noma uketshezi lwasemzimbeni lesilwane esithelelekile (ngokujwayelekile izinkawu noma amalulwane ezithelo). Ukusabalala ngomoya akukaqoshwa kwezemvelo. Amalulwane ezithelo kukholakala ukuthi athwala aphinde asabalalise igciwane ngaphandle kokutheleleka. Uma abantu sebethelelekile, isifo sithathelana phakathi kwabantu ngokunjalo. Abesilisa abasindile basengadlulisa isifo nge sidoda isikhathi esingaba yizinyanga ezimbili. Ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilonga okuyikho, kuye kudingeke ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo njengo malaleveva, ikholera kanye nezinye izifo zegciwane lemfiva eyophisayo azikho. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okushaya khona amasampula egazi ahlolelwa igciwane, kuhlolwe izivikelamzimba, igciwane le-RNA, noma igciwane uqobo lwalo.

Izindlela zokuvikela zibandakanya ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwesifo kusuka ezinkawini ezithelelekile kanye nezingulube kuya ebantwini. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlola ukuthi izilwane ezinjengalezi azithelelekile yini zibulawe bese izidumbu zazo zingcwatshwe ngendlela uma isifo sitholakele. Ukupheka inyama ngendlela efanele kanye nokugqoka izimpahla zokuvikela lapho kuphathwa inyama nakho kungasiza. kanjalo nokugqoka izimpahla zokuvikela kanye nokugeza izandla lapho useduze nomuntu onaso isifo. Amasampula oketshezi lwasemzimbeni kanye nezicubu ezinesifo kufanele kuphathwe ngokuqikelela okukhulu.

Alikho ikhambi eliqondene nokwelapha lesi sifo; imizamo yokusiza abantu abathelelekile ibandakanya ingabe ukwelashwa ngokubuyiselwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokomlomo (amanzi okuphuza anoshukela nosawoti) noma uketshezi olufakwa ngamapayipi. Isifo lesi sibulala izindimbane zabantu: siye sibulale ama-50% kanye nama-90% alabo abasuke sebethelelekile ngegciwane laso. I-EVD yaqala ukubonakala e- ISudan kanye nase-Democratic Republic of Congo. Isifo sivame ukuba sivumbuke ezindaweni ezingakwi-equator lwe-Sub-Saharan Africa.Kusukela ngowe-1976 (lapho yabonakala khona okokuqala) kuze kube ngowezi-2013, yingcosana engaphansi kwe-1,000 yabantu abatheleleke ngonyaka. Isiga esikhulukazi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo yilesi esiqhubekayo Ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola eNtshonalanga Afrika ngowezi-2014, nokuthinta i-Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia kanye-ke ne-Nigeria. Kusukela ngo-August 2014 bangaphezu kwezi-1600 abantu abatholakale nalesi sifo. Imizamo yokuthola ikhambi isaqhubeka; kodwa-ke okwamanje, alikatholakali.

## Imithombo

### Ibhibhliyografi

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## Izihlanganisi ezingaphandle

* ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
* CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae
* 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB) 
* Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks 
* WHO recommended infection control measures