open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abokufika

**Abokufika** abakufika bangabantu abeza ezweni thizeni abavela emazweni angaphesheya kwalelo lizwe.Abokufika benza u-5.1% wabantu bonke baseNingizimu Afrika, ngokombiko wakamuva wokufuduka okhishwe ngabeStatistics South Africa (Stats SA). Udaba lwabokufika, ikakhulukazi abokufika ngokungemthetho belugxilile kulo nyaka njengoba izinhlangano ezahlukene ziphonsela inselelo ukuba khona kwabokufika kuleli ngokungemthetho. Uhlaka Olubuyekeziwe Lwephepha Elimhlophe mayelana Nobuzwe, Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwababaleki lisanda kushicilelwa ukuze umphakathi uphawule ngalo. Ebantwini abangu-61.1 million, babalelwa ku-3.09 million abokufika, kanti u-94.9% wabo udabuka eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela yocwaningo ayizange ibhekane nesimo esisemthethweni sabokufika kuleli. 

Njengomnotho onezimboni othuthuke kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, iNingizimu Afrika sekunesikhathi eside yasebenza njengesizinda sesifunda sokufuduka kwezomnotho. Esikhathini esedlule, abasebenzi besilisa abashibhile abavela emazweni angomakhelwane bakha umgogodla wokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ikakhulukazi kwezolimo nezimayini (Farley, 2019).   Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, njengoba ukufuduka kwabasebenzi beza ezweni kuye kwanda ukuze kufake imikhakha efana neyokwamukela izihambi, ezokuphepha, ezokuthutha, nezinye izinsiza, iNingizimu Afrika iye yavela njengezwe lase-Afrika elinabantu abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe (uMnyango Wezabasebenzi Nokuqashwa, 2025). 

Noma kunjalo, abelungu baseNingizimu Afrika akubona bodwa abaphuma kuleli. Kubuye kube nobufakazi obungajwayelekile obuphakamisa ukuphuma kancane kochwepheshe Abamnyama, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha nobunjiniyela, abashiyayo ukuze baphishekele amathuba ahlobene nomsebenzi. Ngokuya ngokwandayo, laba bantu bokufika bajoyinwa ochwepheshe abaNsundu bakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ababefudukele eNingizimu Afrika ngaphambili kodwa basuka bahamba ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokuncipha kwamathuba ezomnotho kanye nokukhula kwemizwa yokucwaswa kwabokufika, okuye kwaholela ekuhlaselweni okunobudlova kwabokufika abaNsundu. 

My sources:

-https://hsf.org.za/publications/hsf-briefs/interpreting-the-data-on-south-african-migration

-https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/imig.12770

-https://reliefweb.int/report/south-africa/south-africa-reckons-its-status-top-immigration-destination-apartheid-history

-https://static.pmg.org.za/docs/SAHRC.HTM

## Izinkomba
Yini ubhanana

**Ubhanana** isithelo esinomsoco odingekayo emzimbeni, esaziwa ngokuba luphuzi uma uvuthiwe, uluhlaza uma ungavuthwanga usemncane, kodwa uma usuvuthwe kakhulu uba nombala onsundu futhi uthambile kakhulu.Ubhanana uvame ukuba nomumo ojiyile, omude uma usuvuthiwe kanti ubamfishane uma ungakavuthwa futhi ugobeke kancane. Unencasa emnandi futhi uthambile ngaphakathi okwenza kube lula ukuwudla.

Ubhanana uqukethe i-potassium esiza inhliziyo nemisipha ukuthi kusebenze kahle, uphinde ube no vitamin B6,C kanye ne fiber okusiza ngokugaya ukudla nasekuciniseni amasosha omzimba. Ubhanana ukhula ezindawe ezishisayo kakhulu futhi sikhula sinamaqabunga amade bese izithelo zakhona zikhula zihlangene zibe yizigaxa, yisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha futhi sidinga amanzi amaningi ukuze sikhule kahle. Abanye abantu bawusebenzisela ukwenza amakhekhe, amajusi,ukwenza isaladi lezithelo kanye nokunye. 

Ubhanana ulungele ukudliwa inoma imuphi umuntu abadala nabancane futhi ulungelekile ukudliwa abantu abagulayo ngenxa yokuthi uthambile futhi kulula ukuwugaya.Ubhanana kulula ukuwuthola, ukuwudla nokuwusebenzisa ezindleleni ezahlukene zokupheka, ngakho-ke ubhanana uyisithelo esiwusizo nesithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.

## Izinkomba
Ulwebhu

**Ulwebhu** lufana nenethi yemvelo, Izicabucabu ziyaziphotha ukuze zibambe izinambuzane,zisebenzisa imicu kasilika.Idizayini yolwembu isiza izicabucabu ukuba ziphile.

Ulwembu luyizakhiwo ezikhethekile,eziphothelwe ngosilika ezihlukaniswa ngokuma nokusebenza, okuhlanganisa i-orb, ishidi,ifaneli,kanye nemiklamoephithene.Ama-orb webs angamaphethini ajwayelekile okuthandela, amatangle webs angcolile,anamathele,futhi avame ukutholakala emakhoneni.Usilika wesicabucabu wakhiwe ngamaprotheni amkhulu abizwa ngokuthi "ama-spidroins", Lawa maprotheni akhiwe ngamabhulokhi okwakha ama-amino acid alula, ikakhulukazi i-glycine ne-alanine.

Imfihlo yamandla wolwembu avela ezifundeni ze-alainie.lezi zindawo zakha izakhiwo eziqinile,ezifana nekristalu lapho amabhondi e-hydrogen axhumanisa izintambo zamaprotheni ndawonye, okwenza nto ethi "phawundi" inamandla ukudlula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zey'nsimbi, Ikhona ukunwebeka ngaphandle kokuphuka.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zolwembu, ngayinye enezici nezinjongo ezehlukile.Kukhona i I-Orb webs, lwembhu yakudala eyindilinga ecatshangwa abantu abaningi. ukubukeka kwaso kume okwesondo ngezipikili ezikhazimulayo neziyingi ezigxilile, inhloso yayo idizayinelwe ukuthwebula izinambuzane ezindizayo.Kukhona I- Tangle webs ulwembhu olungajwayelekile, olungcolile olutholakala emakhoneni. Ukubukeka akuhlelekile elinezi nhlangothi ezintathu, injongo ukuhambela izinzmbuzane ezinwabuzelayo, futhi isebenza njengendawo yokubalekela isicabucabu.

## Umthombo wolwazi
Shandesh

URakgoale Nelly Machete owazalwa ngomhlaka 25 Januwari ngonyaka 2004, unfamiliar waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngegama lakhe lodumo uShandesh.  Wathola ukwaziwa ngonyaka 2018 emva kokuphuma kwengoma yakhe iLomolo. Izingoma zakhe Ga Mmapula kanye neSdudla noma uSlender zathola indodo yaGold kanye platinum eNingizimu Afrika.
Patrick Stewart

**USir Patrick Stewart** (owazalwa ngo-13 July 1940) ungumlingisi wase England. Ngomsebenzi wakhe ohlanganisa amashumi ayisikhombisa eminyaka esiteji nasebhayisikobho, uye wathola izindondo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-Olivier Awards amabili kanye ne-Grammy Award, kanye nokuqokwa kwe-Tony Award, ama-Golden Globe Awards amathathu, ama-Emmy Awards amane, kanye nama-Screen Actors Guild Awards amathathu. Wenziwa iqhawe yiNdlovukazi U-Elizabeth II ngenxa yezinkonzo ze-drama ngo-2010.

Ngo-1966, uStewart waba yilungu le-Royal Shakespeare Company. Wenza i-IBroadway theater yakhe yokuqala ngo-1971 ekukhiqizweni kwe-A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ngo-1979, wathola isincephezelo kaLaurence Olivier Umlingi ophelele Supporting Role ngokudlala kwakhe ku-Antony and Cleopatra I-West End. Indima yakhe yokuqala kumabonakude yaba ku-Coronation Street ngo-1967. Izindima zakhe zokuqala ezinkulu zebhayisikobho zaziyi-Fall of Eagles (1974), I, Claudius (1976) ne-Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979). Ngo-2008 waphinda indima yakhe njengeNkosi uClaudius ku-*I-Hamlet* futhi wathola i-Olivier Award yakhe yesibili kanye nokuqokwa kwakhe kokuqala kwe-Tony Award ngokulandelana kwe-West End ne-Broadway theater productions.

UStewart waphinda wathola udumo emhlabeni wonke ngezindima zakhe ezihlukene ezifana nalena eyinhloko edlala ukuba uKaputeni UJean-Luc Picard ku-Star Trek: Isizukulwane esilandelayo (1987-1994), indima ayiphinda echongeni lwamabhayisikobho ne-Star Trek. Usebenze njengoKaputeni u-Ahab kwi-USA Network miniseries *UMoby Dick* (1998), U-Ebenezer Scrooge kwi-movie kamabonakude ye-TNT i-A Christmas Carol (1999) INkosi uHenry II kwi-movia ye-Showtime i-The Lion in Winter (2003). Wakhethwa nge-Primetime Emmy Award ngenxa yezingxenye zakhe zamahlaya kuma-sitcom e-NBC i-Frasier (2003) kanye nochungechunge lwe-BBC i-Extras (2005). Uphinde wadlala njengomholi esichongweni lwe-I-Starz comedy i-Blunt Talk (2015-2016). Ukhuluma ngezwi lomphathi we-CIA U-Avery Bullock ku-American Dad!
Izinqa zomfakelo

**Izinqa zokufakelwa** ezibizwa nge Brazilian Butt Lift ezidume nge "BBL" sezidume kakhulume ezinkundleni zokuxhumana sezifakela netsha ingcindezi yokuthi bayenze.. 

Lezi zinqa zomfakelo ekthiwa yi BBL  isihlabe umxhwele ebantwini besifazane abaningi emhlabeni wonke jikekeke. Lapha abantu besifazane sibabona beya emazweni afana no Turkey beyokhishwa amafutha ezingalweni kanye nasesiswini bese afakwa ezinqeni kanye nakwama hips. Lento eyenzakayo isifakele intsha ingcindezi yokuthi bashintshe nabo indlela abamile ngayo. Abanye bagcina sebenezinkinga zokungakwazi ukubamba umchamo abanye bakhala ngephunga elibakhona uma beseyenzile. 

Intsha ikhuthazwa kakhulu ngokuthi izingqaje ngemizimba yabo ingazitholi isinengcindezi yokuthi benze izinqa ngoba kunemithelela engekho mihle neze. 

umthombo wolwazi
Impumelelo

IMPUMELELO

**Mhlampe** uyazibuza ukuthi iyini impumelelo yangempela? Noma mhlampe uyazibuza ukuthi yini engaba yimbi ukudlula ukungaphumeleli? Impumelelo ivezwa njengendlela yokulandela amaphupho akho noma ukubona zonke izifiso zakho zifezeka. Kantike futhi ayikho into embi engadlula ukungaphumeleli, Ukubona amaphupho akho eshabalala, Ilapho ogcina usunquma izinqumo ezingalungile ezibizwa ngezinhlobo zempumelelo kwazona. Mhlampe uyazibuza ukuthi kanjani ukushabalala kwamamphupho kubizwa ngohlobo lwempumelelo ethile?Impela kuwuhlobo oluthile olubizwa . Ilapho uphumelela khona ngezithukuthuku zabanye abantu okungaba ukubamba inkunzi, ukuthwala,ukukhohlisa abantu ngenhloso yokubaqola imali. .

Kune zici ezine ezibalulekile ezikuholela empumelelweni yangempela:

# Ukuphokophela nokuphikelela
# Ukuphila ngendlela efanele
# Ukucinga ulwazi ngokusebenzisana nabantu asebephumelele phambi kwakho 
# Ukufunda ngokuzikhandla

Ngokombono ojulileyo impumelelo ayisho nje incebo kuphela, Isho ukukhalipha,phila impilo enhle futhi eqondile noku neliseka ngalokhu onakho, Uma ukwazi okufunayo empilweni kululula ukwenza okufanele ukwenze uohinde ukwenze ngendlela efanelekile.

Kubuhlungu ukubona konke okuhle ozifiselekona kuphela emehlweni ngenxa yokufuna indlela esheshayo yokuphumelela. Ingakho ngenze lolucwaningo ngenhloso yokuzocacisa izici okufanele uzilandele ukuze uphile impilo yamaphupho akho noku gwema impumelelo yokuzikhohlisa ngoba kayibuyiseli futhi iyafana nokuqeda ngempilo yakho.Uma ungase ubone ngathi amaphupho akho ashabalele usangakulungisa konke lokho ngookulandelela lezici ezingenhla.

## IZINKOMBA
Tyler Perry

**UTyler Perry** (owazalwa ng**U-Emmitt Perry Jr.**; ngoMandulo 13, 1969)  ungUmlingisi waseMelika, futhi ungumenzi wamabhayisikobho, umlobi wemidlalo kanye nomdlali wamahlaya. Amafilimu akhe ahlukahlukene ngesitayela kusuka ezindleleni zokwenza amabhayisikobho ezisemthethweni kuya ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu yemidlalo yesiteji ebukhoma, eminingi yayo eye yabe isenziwa amabhayisikopo. UPerry ungumsunguli nomdlali we-Mabel "Madea" Simmons, owesifazane osekhulile onamandla, futhi udlala umfowabo uJoe Simmons nomshana wakhe uBrian Simmons. Ukuvela kokuqala kukaMedea kwaba ku-I Can Do Bad All by Myself (1999) edlalwa eChicago.

UPerry wabhala futhi wakhiqiza imidlalo eminingi yesiteji, eyaphumelela kakhulu ngawo unyaka u1990 kanye no2000. Ukudlala kwakhe okuphawulekayo kwafika ngo-2005 ngefilimu ethi Diary of a Mad Black Woman, ayibhala futhi yakhiqiza njengo kuvumelana komdlalo wakhe wesiteji onegama elifanayo. Uphinde wasungula uchungechunge luka mabonakude  oluningi, ikakhulukazi i-Tyler Perry's House of Payne, eyaqhubeka izinkathi eziyisishiyagalombili ku-TBS kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2012, ngaphambi kokuba ivuselelwe ngo-2020. Ngo-2011, *I-Forbes* yamfaka njengendoda ekhokhelwa kakhulu kwezokuzijabulisa, ethola ama- $ 130 million phakathi kukaMeyi 2010 noMeyi 2011. Ngo-2012, uPerry wenza ubudlelwano obukhethekile beminyaka eminingi no-U-Oprah Winfrey kanye ne-Oprach Winfrey Network (OWN). Lesi sivumelwano sasiqukethe amaphrojekthi abhaliwe afana ne-The Haves ne-Have Nots. Ngo-2019, wakhiqiza uchungechunge lwe-drama yezombusazwe i-The *I-Oval* ye-BET.

Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yakhe, uPerry ubelokhu esebenza kumafilimu amaningi aseHollywood ahlanganisa *I-Star Trek* (2009), i-*U-Alex Cross* (2012), i-Gone Girl (2014), i-Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (2016), i-Vice (2018), i-Those Who Wish Me Dead (2021), ne-Don't Look Up (2021). UPerry uphinde wenza amafilimu anezwi njenge-The Star (2017) ne-Paw Patrol: The Movie (2021).
Ukuzinaka

**Ukuzinakekela** inqubo yokumisa ukuziphatha ukuze uqinisekise inhlalakahle ephelele, ukuthuthukisa ezempilo, nokulawula ukugula ngenkuthalo lapho kwenzeka. Abantu bahlanganyela ezihlotsheni ezithile  zokuzinakekela nsuku zonke ngokukhetha ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukulala, nokuhlanzeka. Ukuzinakekela akuwona nje umsebenzi womuntu oyedwa, njengo mphakathi - iqembu elisekela umuntu ozinakekelayo - ngokuvamile udlala indima ekufinyeleleni, ekusebenziseni, nasempumelelweni yemisebenzi yokuzinakekela.

Ukuzinakekela okujwayelekile kubalulekile uma umuntu engenazo izimpawu zokugula, kodwa ukuzinakekela kubalulekile lapho kwenzeka khona ukugula. Izinzuzo ezijwayelekile zokuzivikela  zihlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kokugula, impilo engokwengqondo ethuthukisiwe, kanye nezinga lokuphila elingcono ngokuqhathaniswa. Imikhuba yokuzinakekela iyahlukahlukakana kumuntu ngamunye. Ukuzinakekela kubhekwa njengesixazululo esiyingxenye sokwenyuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke ezibekwa kohulumeni emhlabeni wonke jikelele.

Ukuntuleka kokuzinakekela ngokuqondene nempilo yomuntu siqu, inhlanzeko nezimo zokuphila kubhekiselwa kukho njengokunganaki. abanakekeli noma abasizi bokunakekela bangase badingeke. Kunolwazi olusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu  abantu bokunakekela ekhaya.
Umhlina

**Umhlina** (noma **ulamula**) uhlobo lomuthi omncane ohlala uluhlaza ohlotsheni *lweCitrus* lomndeni wezitshalo eziqhakazayo iRutaceae . Ilamula langempela liyinhlanganisela ye- citron kanye no- olitshi obabayo . Imvelaphi yalo ayiqinisekile, kodwa ubufakazi obuthile buphakamisa ukuthi amalamula aqala ngekhulu loku-1 BC kulokhu manje okusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya . Ezinye izithelo ze-citrus zibizwa ngokuthi *umhlina* .

Isithelo esiphuzi somuthi womhlina zisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesiphuzo sayo. I-pulp kanye ne-peel kusetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekubhakeni. Isiphuzo sikalamula sicishe sibe ngu-5–6% we-citric acid, okwenza kube muncu. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yisithako esibalulekileeziphuzweni nasekudleni okufana ne-lemonade kanye ne -lemon meringue pie .

Ngo-2024, ukukhiqiza komhlaba wonke kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-23, okuholwa yiNdiya neMexico ngamaphesenti awu31% ewonke.

## Incazelo
Umuthi womhlina ukhiqiza isithelo esiphuzi esisaqanda esicwebezelayo. Ngokwezitshalo lokhu kuyi- hesperidium, ijikijo eliguquliwe elinesigaxa esiqinile, esifana nesikhumba. Isigaxa sihlukaniswe sibe ungqimba olunombala wangaphandle noma i-zest, olunephunga elimnandi namafutha abalulekile, kanye nongqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-pith emhlophe enjenge-spontshi. Ngaphakathi kukhona ama-carpel amaningi ahlelwe njengezingxenye ze-radial. Imbewu ikhula ngaphakathi kwama-carpel. Isikhala ngaphakathi kwesigaba ngasinye siyindawo egcwele ama-juice vesicles .

## Izikhombo
Ameva

Ku-morphology yezitshalo, ama-spines, nama-spickles, futhi ngokuvamile izakhiwo ze-spinose (ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ameva ahlabayo e-spinone noma *izinqubo ze-spinous apical*), ziyizinxanxathela eziqinile, eziqinile noma izinguquko zamaqabunga, izimpande, noma amahlumela anezinhlangothi ezicijile, eziqinile, futhi ngokuvamile zenza umsebenzi ofanayo: ukuvikela izitshalo ngokwenyama kanye nezilwane ezinobungozi .

Ngolimi oluvamile, la magama asetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa amagama asho into eyodwa, ama-spring atholakala emahlumela (ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ahlukene noma angahlukene, angase abe namaqabunga noma angahlanganisiwe, futhi angase noma angaphumi emahlumela), ama-spines athathwe emaqabungeni (noma lonke umuthi noma ingxenye ethile yesihlahla elinama-vascular bundles ngaphakathi, njenge-pe noma I-stipule), nama-prickles athathwe ezicutshini ze-epidermis ngaphakathi (ngakho nje kungatholakala noma kuphi).

Amaqabunga angaphinde abe namazinyo, futhi uma lawo mazinyo ebukhali, abizwa ngokuthi ameva ahlabayo e-spinose leaf margin (abanye ababhali abawabheka njengohlobo lomgogodla). Ku-apex yeqabunga, uma kukhona inqubo ye-apical (ngokuvamile ukwelulwa kwe-midvein), futhi uma icijile, iqinile, futhi ifana nenaliti, ingabizwa ngokuthi i-spinose noma inqubo ye'apical enomsindo (futhi, abanye abalobi bayibiza ngokuthi uhlobo lomgogodla). Lapho i-epidermis yeqabunga imbozwe ama-trichomes amade , acijile (okubizwa kahle kakhulu ngokuthi ama-bristles kulokhu;  kwabanye ababhali uhlobo lwe-prickle ), ingabhekiselwa kuyo njenge-hispid vestiture;   uma ama-trichoomes eyi-trichome ebuthayo, ingabizwa ngokuthi i-urent vestiture.

Umsebenzi omkhulu ameva, ama-spines, nama-prickles ukuvimbela ukudla uhlaza ngendlela yemishini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zihlukaniswa njengezivikelo ezingokomzimba noma ngokwemvelo, ngokungafani nezivikelo zamakhemikhali.

Akuyona yonke imisebenzi ye-spines noma i-glochids egcinelwe ukuzivikela ekuhlaselweni ngokomzimba yizilwane ezidla uhlaza nezinye izilwane. Kwezinye izimo, ameva sithola ukuthi ama-spines avikela noma avikele izitshalo eziwakhulisa, ngaleyo ndlela azivikele emazingeni okushisa . Ngokomzekelo, ama-I-saguaro cactus spines afaka imithunzi we-apical meristem ehlobo, futhi kumalungu e-Opuntioideae, ama-glochids avikela i-apical meridim ebusika.

## Izinkomba
I-Education and Skills Funding Agency

**I-Education and Skills Funding Agency** (**I-ESFA**) yayiyinhlangano ephethe kahulumeni wase-United Kingdom, exhaswa ngumnyango wezemfundo,yayikhona kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2025.

I-ESFA yasungulwa ngo-1 Ephreli 2017 ngemuva kokuhlangana kwe-Education Funding Agency (EFA) ne-Skill Funding Agency, Ihlanganise imithwalo yemfanelo ekhona ye-EFA ne-SFA, yakha i-ejensi eyodwa ebhekene nokuxhasa ngezimali imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa kwezingane, intsha nabantu abadala. Ngaphambilini i-EFA yayinesibopho sokusakaza izimali zemfundo kahulumeni eNgilandi yezingane ezineminyaka ezingu-3-19, kanye nokuphatha izakhiwo zezikole namakolishi futhi i-SFA yayinesibindi sokuxhasa ngezimali ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuqhubekela phambili kwezemfundo eNgilandii nokuphatha i-National Apprenticeship Service kanye ne-National Careers Service.

I-EFA yasungulwa ngo-1 April 2012 ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi yezinhlangano zomphakathi ezimbili zangaphambili ezingezona ezomnyango.  I-Young People's Learning Agency  kanye ne-Partnerships for Schools. Kusukela ngo-2013, i-EFA yaqondisa uhlelo lokwakha izikhungo zezikole, ikhetha abakhankasela bezokwakha ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zesakhiwo sikazwelonke nesesifunda ukuze izikole nezinye izinhlangano zemfundo zikhethe futhi ziqophe abakhankashela. Umbiko wakhishwa ngo-2015 owaqokomisa ukuthi i-EFA  ubandlululo  amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi (ama-SMEs) lapho iqoka izivumelwano zeluleki, ngokuphambene nesiqondiso sikahulumeni wase-UK esikhuthaza ukubhekelela kwama-SME emathubeni okuthenga kahulumeni.
Amathayela

**Amathayela** avame ukuba yizembozo ezincane, eziyisikwele noma ezingunxantathu ezenziwe ngezinto eziqinile njenge-ceramic, itshe, insimbi, ubumba olubekiwe, ngisho  nengilazi. Ngokuvamile zifakwa endaweni yazo ngokulandelana ukuze zimboze uphahla, phansi, izindonga, imingcele, noma ezinye izinto ezifana namapulangwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathayela ngezinye izikhathi angabhekisela kumayunithi afanayo enziwe ngezinto ezilula njenge-i-perlite, ukhuni, kanye noboya bamaminerali, ngokuvamile obusetshenziselwa izindonga nophahla. Ngomunye umqondo, ithayela yithayela yokwakha noma into efanayo, njenge-rectangular counters esetshenziswa emidlalweni (bheka umdlalo osekelwe kumathayela). Leli gama lisuselwa egameni IsiFulentshi elithi *tuile*, elivela egameni IsiLatini elithi *I-tegula*, elisho ithayela lophahla elenziwe ngobumba obushisiwe.
Ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni

ngokwe -physiology, ukushodelwa amanzi emzimbeni ukuphela kwamanzi omzimba okuphazamisa Izinqubo zokudla. Kwenzeka lapho ukulahleka kwamanzi omzimba kudlula ukuphuzwa, Ngokujwayelekile okubangelwa ukujuluka kakhulu kunokujuluka ngokujwayelekile, izimo zempilo, noma ukungaphuzi amanzi ngokwanele. Ukushodelwa amanzi emzimbeni kancane  kungabangelwa futhi yi-diuresis yokucwiliswa, okungase kukhuphule amazinga obungozi kubabhukudi. 

Abantu abaningi bayakhona ukubekezelela ukwehla kwamaphesenti amathathu kuya kwamane kwamanzi omzimba ngaphandle kobunzima noma imiphumela emibi yempilo. Ukuncipha kuka-5-8% kungabangela 0ukuvilapha nokuxhamazela. Ukulahleka kwamanzi angaphezu kuka-10% omzimba wonke kungabangela ukuwohloka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, okuhambisana nokoma okukhulu. Ukufa kwenzeka ngokulahlekelwa amanzi omzimba angu-15 no-25%. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuncane kuvame ukuxazululwa ngokuvuselelwa kwamanzi ngomlomo, kodwa izimo ezinzima zingase zidinge uketshezi olungeniswa imithambo yegazi.

ukuncipha kwamanzi emzimbeni kungabangela i-hypernatremia (amazinga aphakeme ama-ions e-sodium egazini). Lokhu kuhlukile ku-I-hypovolemia (ukulahlekelwa isilinganiso segazi, ikakhulukazi I-plasma yegazi).
Intshebe

**Intshebe** wuhlobo lwezinwele ezikhula ebusweni bendoda, ikakhulukazi emhlathini nasezihlathini. Kubantu, intshebe ivame kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa abaneminyaka eyishumi nambili kanye nabesilisa abadala,  yize abanye besifazane nabo beyikhulisa.

Isimo sengqondo ngentshebe sike sahlukahlukane kuwo wonke umlando, sakhiwa Amasiko imfashini. Izinkolo eziningi zidinga okanye zikhuthaza ukubeka intshebe, ezinye izinhlangano ziye zihlobanise intshe nobunsizwa, ubuhle, ubuhle obuhle, ukuhlakanipha, amandla, inzalo, ubuciko bobulili, kanye nesikhundla esiphakeme sezenhlalo. Ngokuphambene, emasikweni lapho izilevu zingavamile noma zingezona ezisemfashinini, zingase zihlobane nokungahlanzeki noma uokungavamile. Intshebe ingabuye zingabuye zikusize ngendawo ezungezile, kubalwa ukukhuseleka esimweni sezulu uma kubanda noma  kushisa kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka kwemfundo

**Ukubaluleka kwemfundo**

Imfundo ibalulekile empilweni yomuntu nakumphakathi. Imfundo inika abantu oludingekayo ukuze baqonde umhlaba, izimo, nezindlela zokuphila. Lokhu kubalulekile ngonga ulwazi olutholakala esikhungweni semfundo luhlala luyinsiza empilweni yonke, lwenza umuntu akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima empilweni. Abantu abaneziqu aziphezulu banamathuba angcono emsebenzini. Imfundo ivula imnyango eminingi emikhakheni ehlukene, futhi iyisikhala esinamandla sokuguqula umhlaba. Imfundo ikhulisa umqondo, ivumela abantu ukuba bacabange kahle, benze nezinqumo ezihlakaniphile, futhi baphendule izinselelo.

Lokhu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani nonkwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile. Imfundo ibalulekile ekwakhiweni umphakathi onempilo. Iphakamisa izinga lokuphila, ikhulisa ubuhlakani, futhi ithuthukisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Abantu kumele basebenzisa imfundo ukuthuthukisa umpkathi wethu kanye nokuziphilisa empilweni. Imfundo kumele siyisebenzisa ukufundisa ezinye izingane ngokubaluleka kwemfundo.

Imfundo ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubulungiswa obungafanele, ikakhulukazi uma abantu befinyelela ezingeni  eliphezulu lemfundo. Siyabandinga abantu banalo igqozi nofuqufuqu ngoba siyayidinga imfundo.

## Umthombo yolwazi
I-Ambulensi

I-Ambulensi

**I-Ambulensi** iyimoto ebalulekile emphakathini ngoba isiza abantu abagulayo noma abalimele. Uma umuntu esengozini noma egula kakhulu, kubizwa i-ambulensi ukuze imsize ngokushesha. Abasebenzi be-ambulensi baqeqeshiwe ukunikeza usizo lokuqala ngaphambi kokufika esibhedlela.I-ambulensi ivamise ukuba nomsindo wesireni nezibani ezikhanyayo ukuze abantu bayinike indlela emgwaqeni. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ifike ngokushesha lapho kudingeka khona usizo. Ukushesha kwayo kusuke kwenzelwa ukusinidisa  impilo yomuntu lona osuke elimele.Uma ngabe isimo sesiguli sibucayi kakhulu kumele ukuthi i-ambulensi imuhambise esibhedlela ngokushesha.

I-ambulensi idlala indima enkulu ekusindiseni izimpilo zabantu.Ngaphakathi kwe-ambulensi kunemishini ebalulekile yokusiza iziguli, njengombhede wokuthwala isiguli nemishini yokusiza ukuphefumula. Lokho kusiza abelaphi ukuthi baqale ukunakekela isiguli masiya esibhedlela. Abasebenzi be-ambulensi basebenza kanzima ukuze banakekele isiguli ngesikhathi umasiya esibhedlela. I-ambulensi ibalulekile ngoba isiza ukusindisa izimpilo zabantu nsuku zonke iyashesha ukufika uma kube nengozi noma uma kunomuntu ogula kakhulu ongakwazi ukuzifikela esibhedlela. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokulahlekelwa ukuphila.

I-ambulensi iyakuqinisekisa ukuhambisa iziguli ngokuphepha. Abasebenzi be-ambulensi abavumelekile ukukhuluma ngezifo zabantu abasuke begula kumele lololwazi balugcine njengemfihlo phakakathi kwabo, leyo indlela ephephile yokuthutha iziguli ezisesimeni esibucayi.Ukuba khona kwe-ambulensi emphakathini kukhuphula izinga lokuphepha nokuzethemba kwabantu. Abantu bayazi ukuthi uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, kunosizo oluzofika ngokushesha luzobasiza. Lokhu kwenza umphakathi ube nempilo encono futhi uphephe kakhulu.Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika engabeka imali eyengeziwe emnyangweni wezempilo ukuze kuthengwe ama-ambulensi amaningi nokulungisa lana akhona ukwandisa isibalo sawo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.

## Imithombo yolwazi/Izinkomba
Ukugijima

Izindlulamithi yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zase-Afrika ezinamazinyo. Ziyizilwane zasemhlabeni ezinde kunazo zonke futhi ziyIzilwane eziququdayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Zihlukaniswa ngaphansi komndeni we-Giraffidae, kanye nesihlobo sazo esiseduze, i-okapi. Ngokwesiko, izindlulamithi zicatshangwa njengohlobo olulodwa, *[[Indlulamithi|I-Giraffa camelopardalis]]*, enezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye. Muva nje, abacwaningi basikisela ukuwahlukanisa ngezinhlobo ezine Kukhona , ezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa, ezingahlukaniswa ngokwakheka ngamaphethini ezikhumba zazo. izinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-Zindlulamithi ezaziwayo zaziwa ngokusho kwezinsalela.

Izici ezihlukanisayo zezindlulamithi  iziintamo nemilenze yazo emide kakhulu, ama-ossicon afana nezimpondo, kanye namaphethini esikhumba amabala. Indawo yazo ehlakazekile isuka IChad enyakatho iye INingizimu Afrika eningizimu futhi isuka e- Niger entshonalanga iye e-Somalia empumalanga. Izindlulamithi  zivame ukuhlala emahlathini nasendaweni enezigodo . Umthombo wabo wokudla amaqabunga, izithelo, kanye nezimbali zezitshalo ezinokhuni, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-I-acacia, ezifuna ezindaweni eziphakeme ezinye Izilwane ezidla uhlaza olusemhlabathini ezingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Amabhubesi, izingwe, izimpisi ezinamabala, nezinja zasendle zase-Afrika zingadla izindlulamithi. Izindlulamithi  zihlala emihlanjini yezinsikazi ezihlobene nezingane zazo noma imihlambi yamaduna amadala angahlobani kodwa ahlangana futhi angahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu. Amaduna amisa izigaba zezenhlalo "ngentamo", ukulwa lapho intamo isetshenziswa khona njengesikhali. Amaduna aphethe athola ukufinyelela ukuhlangana nezinsikazi, eziphethe umthwalo wokukhulisa amazinyane kuphela.
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 e-United States

Ngo Zibandlela zingu-31 ngonyaka u-2019, iChina yamemezela ukutholakala kweqoqo leziguli ze-i-pneumonia I-Wuhan.Udaba  lokuqala nge-COVID-19 lwabikwa i-American ngoMasingana zingu-20, futhi uNobhala Izempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu U-Alex Azar wamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi ngoMasingana zingu-31. Kwabekwa imingcele ezindizeni ezifika zivela eChina, kodwa ukusabela kokuqala kwe-US ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kwakuhamba kancane ngokuqondene nokulungiselela uhlelo lwezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukumisa okunye ukuhamba, nokuhlola.  Ukufa kokuqala okwaziwayo kwaseMelika kwenzeka ngoNhlolanja futhi ngasekupheleni kukaNhlolanja uMongameli UDonald Trump wasikisela ukubekwa kwama- $ 2.5 billion ukulwa nokuqubuka. Esikhundleni salokho, iCongress yamukela ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.3 futhi uTrump wasayina i-Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 ngoNdasa ngomhlaka-6. UTrump wamemezela Isimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke ngoNdasa zingu-13. Uhulumeni futhi wathenga inqwaba yemishini yezokwelapha, esebenzisa i-Defense Production Act ka-1950 ukusiza. Maphakathi ngoMbasa , zonke izifundazwe nezindawo zenza izimemezelo zenhlekelele njengoba zonke zazinamacala akhulayo. Igagasi lesibili lokutheleleka laqala ngoNhlangulana, kulandela imingcele ekhululiwe ezifundazweni eziningana, okwaholela ekutheni iziguli zansuku zonke zidlule ku-60,000. Maphakathi noLwezi, kwaqala ukuqubuka kwesithathu kweziguli; kwakukhona iziguli ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-200,000 nsuku zonke ezingxenyeni zikaZibandlela 2020 noMasingana 2021.
I-Tshwane University of Technology F.C. yabesifazane

I-Tshwane University of Technology Women's Football Club, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-TUT Ladies noma i-TUMatsatsantsa Ladies, iyiqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo elimele i-TshwaneUniversity of Technology esePretoria, eGauteng. Iqembu eliphakeme lincintisana ne-SAFA Women's League, i-league yebhola likanobhutshuzwayo yabesifazane esezingeni eliphezulu eNingizimu Afrika.

Ngonyaka ka-2018 babayinyuvesi  yokuqala ukunqoba i-national league lapho bewina i-2018 Sasol League National Championship.

Ngo-2013 banqoba iVaal University of Technology ngo  5-1 ukuze bathole isiqu sabo se-USSA Gauteng.

Ngo-2019 bangcotshwa njengabaonqobi be-Thembi Kgatlana Tournament yokuqala.

### Ibhola Labesifazane baseyuvesi
Ngo-2018 banqoba umdlalo wabo wesihlanu we-Bhola labesifazane baseNyuvesi. Ngo-2019 bathola isiqu sabo sesithupha ngokulandelana. Bafika esigabeni sesibili emdlalweni ka-2024 ngemuva kokunqotshwa yi-UWC 2-1 emdlalwa wokugcina.
Umqhele

Umqhele

**Umqhele** yisigqoko sesintu esivamise ukugqokwa amadoda esizweni samaZulu.Ngokwesiko umqhele wenziwa ngoboya noma ngesikhumba,njengesikhumba semvu.Okuvamile ukuthi umqhele ugqokwa amadoda asekhulile noma ashadile.Umqhele uphinde ube isibonakaliso sobudoda.Uma umuntu wesilisa efake umqhele lokho kumenza ukuthi abenesithunzi kwamanye amadoda emphakathini uma ngabe behlangene bonke.Umqhele uphinde unikeze umuntu wesilisa ubuholi njengenhloko yomuzi.Kwezinye izikhathi ugqokwa emcimbini yesintu efana nemishado kanye nemikhosi yesizwe.Ngamafuphi,umqhele uyingxenye ebalulekile yamasiko amaZulu futhi ukhombisa isikhundla nobudala bomuntu.

UMqhele wamadoda uyisibonakaliso sobudoda, isithunzi nokuziphatha okuhle emphakathini. Esintwini, umqhele umele umuntu osekhulile ngokomqondo nangokuziphatha, okwazi ukuthwala imithwalo yomndeni nokuba isibonelo esihle kwabanye. Ugqamisa ukuhlonipha amasiko, ukugcina izifungo, nokuhola ngomusa nangobulungisa. Indoda “enomqhele” ibonakala ngokuzimisela, ukwethembeka, nokuvikela umndeni wayo kanye nomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMqhele wamadoda unendima ebalulekile ekwakheni umphakathi oqinile. Ufundisa amadoda ukubekezela, ukusebenza kanzima, nokubambisana nabanye. Lapho amadoda ehlonipha umqhele wawo, kuba nokuthula, inhlonipho, nokuzwana phakathi kwemindeni. Ngakho-ke, uMqhele wamadoda awugcini nje ngokuba uphawu lobudoda kuphela, kodwa uyisisekelo sokukhula nokuphumelela komphakathi wonke.

## Imithombo yolwazi
Umunwe

**Umunwe** uyigalo elivelele emalungeni angaphambili ezilwane eziningi ezinamalungamane (tetrapod) ezinomgogodla, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezandla njengabantu nezinye izilwane ezibuchophokhulu. Izilwane zinamalungamane eziningi zinezigalo ezinhlanu (i-pentadactyly),  futhi izigalo ezimfushane (ezimfushane kune-metacarpal/metatarsals) ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi izinzwane, kuyilapho lezo ezinde ngokuphawulekayo zibizwa ngokuthi iminwe. Kubantu, iminwe ichazwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo futhi ephikiswayo. Iminwe iyizitho ezibalulekile sokuzwa okuthintekayo nokunyakaza okuhle, zibalulekile ekubeni nesinwe kanye nekhono lokubamba nokusebenzisa izinto.

## Abantu
Ngokuvamile abantu baneminwe emihlanu,  amathambo abizwa ngokuthi ama-phalanges,  esandleni ngasinye, yize abanye abantu beneminwe engaphezu noma ngaphansi kwemihlanu ngenxa yezifo zokuzalwa njengomhlaza wentaba  (polydactyly) noma Iingcosandla (oligodactyly), noma ngenxa ngengozi noma ngenhloso. Umunwe wokuqala isithupha, ilandelwe umunwe wokukhomba, umkhothi, kuze umunwe ophakathi, isiphohlongo, umunwe wendandatho, obizwa ithoba, kugcine umunwe omncane noma ucikicane.

Ngokwesichazamazwi sikaVilakazi abantwana bakwaZulu babesebenzisa lamagama lapho beteketisa iminwe.

Esadleni sobunene

1. uCikicane or uCiki (little finger)

2. owakoCiki (ring-finger)

3. owakoZigwe (middle finger)

4. uZigwemagwegwe (index-finger) ;

5 . uGwegwelunqume (thumb)

Esandleni sokudla

1. uMwane (thumb)

2. uNtamusomagidi (index-finger)

3. uSogidamasi (middle finger) 

4. uMaqathulela (ring finger)

5 . uSozidinjana (little finger)

### Uhlaka

#### Amathambo

Isithupha (esixhumene ne-i-trapezium) sitholakala ohlangothini olulodwa, eliqondene nengalo. 

Intende yesandla inamathambo amahlanu aziwa ngokuthi ama-metacarpal, elilodwa kuya kwelinye lamadijithi amihlanu. Izandla zomuntu ziqukethe amathambo edijithali ayishumi nane, abizwa ngokuthi ama-phalanges, noma Amathambo e-phalanx: amabili esithupheni (isithupha asinalo i-phalanx ephakathi) Intende yesandla inamathambo amahlanu aziwa ngokuthi amathambo e-metacarpal, elilodwa kuya kwelinye lamadijithi amahlanu. Izandla zomuntu ziqukethe amathambo edijithali ayishumi nane, abizwa nangokuthi ama-phalanges, noma amathambo e-phalanx: amabili esithupheni (isithupha asinalo i-phalanx ephakathi) futhi amathathu kumunwe ngamunye kwemine. Lawa yi-phalanx esekugcineni, ethwele uzipho, i-phalanx ephakathi, kanye ne-proximal phalanx.  Amalunga amathambo akheka noma kuphi lapho kuhlangana khona amabili noma ngaphezulu kulawa mathambo. Umunwe ngamunye unamalunga amathathu

## Izikhombo
Ophaca

Ophaca

**Ophaca** yizicathulo ezivikela izinyawo futhi zisiza ukuhamba ngendlela enethezekile. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezimpahla zomuntu nsuku zonke.Izicathulo zingakhiwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene njengezikhumba, irabha, indwangu, noma izinto zokwenziwa, kuya ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa kwazo. Lezi zicathulo zivame ukugqokwa nsuku zonke, zithokozisa ngokunethezeka futhi zifanele ukuhamba noma ezemidlalo ezincane.

Zakhiwe ukuvikela izinyawo ezimeni eziyingozi ezifana nomsebenzi wezandla, ukwakha, noma ukupheka. Zihlala isikhathi eside futhiZakhiwe ukuvikela izinyawo ezimeni eziyingozi ezifana nomsebenzi wezandla, ukwakha, noma ukupheka. Zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zivimbela ukulimala. Zenzelwe ukusekela izinyawo ngenkathi kudlalwa imidlalo noma kuqeqeshwa. Zine-cushioning namathrekhi afanele ukuvikela amathambo nezinyawo.

Izicathulo Ezisemfashinini. Lezi zicathulo zibukeka kahle, zivame ukugqokwa emicimbini noma emsebenzini ofuna ukubukeka okuhle. Zikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezihlukile ukuze zibonakale zipholile. Ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside, izicathulo kufanele zigcinwe endaweni eyomile, zihlanzwe njalo, futhi zigcinwe ngendlela yokuvikela ukonakala kwezinto ezenziwe ngazo. Ophaca kufanele kugqokwe ngendlela efanele, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azicindezeli izinyawo futhi zihambisane nosayizi wabo. Ukugqoka kahle kwenza ukuhamba kube lula futhi kugweme ukulimala.Izicathulo ezifanele zisiza ukuvikela izinhlangothi ezibuhlungu, amathambo, nezinyawo. Zinciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zesikhumba noma izinzipho ezibuhlungu. Ophaca bangahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, umhlaba, noma umsebenzi. Kukhona izicathulo ezivikelela emanzini, ezishisayo.

## Imithombo yolwazi/Izinkomba
Ummbila omnandi

Umbila  onushukela (Zea mays convar. *i-sacharata* var. *I-rugosa*), obizwa nangokuthi i-**sweetcorn**, umbila  woshukela kanye nombila we-pole, uhlobo lombila olutshalwayo ukuze ludliwe abantu olunoshukela ophakeme. 

Umbila onoshukela uwumphumela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo ezakhiweni zofuzo ezilawula ukuguqulwa kukashukela ube isitashi ngaphakathi kwe-i-endosperm yenhlamvu yombila. Umbila onoshukela ukhunjwa lapho usengakakhuli (isigaba sobisi) bese ulungiswa futhi udliwe njengemifino, ngokungafani umbila wasensimini, ovunwa lapho izinhlamvu zomile futhi zivuthiwe (isigaba samazinyo). Njengoba inqubo yokuvuthwa ihlanganisa ukuguqula ushukela ube isitashi, umbila onoshukela awugcini kahle futhi kufanele udliwe usanda kuhlatshwa, ufakwe emathinini, noma uqiniswe, ngaphambi kokuba izinhlamvu ziqine futhi zibe nesitashi.
Ingqephu

**Ingqephu** igama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza indlela abantu abenza ngayo izinto noma indlela abagqoka ngayo. Singabala kuko izimpahla zokugqoka, izicathulo, ubucwebe, ukuzimonya ebusweni. Ingqephu kuvamise ukuthi kube yinto entsha edumile ngaleso sikhathi okwenzikile umthungi wayenza yase ithengwa yavelela wonke umuntu eyigqoka noma ekhuluma ngayo.Iyasiveza ukuthi singo bani futhi sifuna abantu besibone njengabantu abanjani.

Ngokulokhu isikhathi siqhubeka nayo ihamba ilokhu iguquguquka ayimile ndawonye.Ngingenza isibonelo ngesikhathi sase mandulo e-Egypt izimpahla ezazenziwe ngendwangu elula yayikhombisa ukuthi ukuphi ezingeni lempilo, kanti e Greece kwakuchaza into engaphaphile futhi epholile enhle. Imfashini iyakwenza ube umuntu onesithunzi futhi okwaziyo ukuzimela futhi iveze ngokusobala ukuthi ungubani kanye nemvelaphi yakho.

## UMTHOMBO WOLWAZI
Igundane

**Amagundane** ayiziququdi ezinomsila omude nomzimba ophakahi. Imiqhinqo yamagundane itholakala kulo lonke uhlelo lweziququdayo. Amagundane ahlukaniswa ngobungako bawo kunamakhwence. EMhlabeni wonke kunemiqhinqo engama-56 yamagundane aziwayo.
Indongoyi yenkelenkele

**Indongoyi yenkelenkele** uhlobo lwenzida eswelumuntu (i-UAV) ezithanqaza esingcibhiseni ukuze ngesiqhumi ukuze iqhumele kuso.       Elinye igama layo elisikiselwayo elithi **indongoyi eziqhumisayo** . Lamgama asetshenziselwa kokubili indongoyi yenkelenkele kanye nendongoyi endwazayo. Lezo zinhlobo zezindongoyi ziyazithanqaza lapho sezisihlonzile isingcibhishe sazo.  Kodwa-ke, nakuba zombili zizithanqaza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa zona azifani. Izindongoyi ezindwazayo ngokuvamile zinolwangu lokulawulwa umuntu kanye nekhono lokundwaza  noma "ukuzingela" izigcibishe ngaphambi kokuhlasela kude nomgidingi ongumuntu.  Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindongoyi zenkelenkele avame ukunyakulwa sewahleleliswe kusengaphambili ukuthi ayaphi.  Izinhlelo zokuqondisa indongoyinyenkelenkele ziyahlukahluka ngokonongo. Uhlobo olulodwa llwendongoyi yenkelenkele lusebenzisa uluma lwesivoko ukuhlasela izigcibishe ezinganyakazi futhi alunazo izihlonga zenzubakhanya zomngcibishe noma izixhumanisi zemininingo edingekayo ukuze kuqondiswe umdiyo wazo ngumqhubi ongumuntu.  Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olunye uhlobo lwendongoyi yenkelenkele lusebenzisa uhlakahlisombulu (AI) nezihlonga zenzubakhanya zomgcibishe ukuze zihlasele ngokunembe ngisho noma engekho umuntu oqhuba isiqondiso somdiyo.   Zivame ukuchazwa abahlaziyi bezokuvikela njengendlela engabizi kakhulu futhi esililizayo yezicibisholo ezimpezayo kunezindongoyi ezivamile.
Ukubaluleka kokufunda nsuku zonke

Igama lami ngingu Olwemvelo

Ukubaluleka Kokufunda Nsuku Zonke

**Ukufunda** nsuku zonke kubalulekile empilweni yomfundi. Uma umuntu efunda njalo, ikhono lakhe lokuqonda izinto liyakhula futhi uba nolwazi olunzulu ngezihloko ezahlukene. Ukufunda kusiza umuntu ukuthi athuthukise ulimi lwakhe, indlela acabanga ngayo kanye nendlela abhala ngayo. Njengoba isisho sithi, “ulwazi luyamandla,” okusho ukuthi umuntu ofundayo uba namathuba amaningi empilweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda nsuku zonke kusiza ekwakheni ukuzethemba nokulungela izivivinyo. Umfundi ofunda njalo uba nesibindi sokuphendula imibuzo futhi akwazi ukuhlaziya ulwazi ngokujulile. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa ngu Keith E. Stanovich (1986), abafundi abafunda kakhulu bathuthukisa amakhono okuqonda nokufunda ngokushesha. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukufunda njalo kunomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwengqondo yomuntu.

Nokho, kunabafundi abangenazo izinsiza ezifanele zokufunda njengezincwadi noma i-inthanethi. Inhlangano efana no UNESCO igcizelela ukuthi ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zemfundo kubalulekile ukuze wonke umuntu athole amathuba alinganayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abafundi bazinikele ekufundeni nsuku zonke ukuze bakhe ikusasa eliqhakazile.

## Imithombo Yolwazi
Ubuhle Bezilwane

Ubuhle bezilwane

**Izilwane** zivingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo, futhi zikhangisa abantu ngobuhle bazo obuhlukahlukene. Ubuhile bezilwane abugcint Dje ngokuba buhle ngokomzimba, kodwa bubonakala nangokuziphatha kwazo, imibala, ukunyakaza, kanye nemisindo yazo. 

Izilwane ezisabalele umhlaba wonke alikho izwe elingenazo izilwane ,zihlukene kukhona ezithandekayo ongakwazi ukuzigcina nasekhaya, kube khona nezingathandeki ilezo eziyingozi.

Okokuqala, izilwane zinhle ngokobuso nobunjalo bazo. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezinemibala egqamile njengepigogo, ziyajabulisa futhi zikhanga amehlo.Izilwane zasendle ezifana nezinkawu, amahhashi, noma izimvemvane zibonisa ubuhle obungokwemvelo obuthokozisa iso lomuntu. Okwesibili, ubuhle bezilwane bubonakala ekuziphatheni kwazo. 

Ukuziphatha okuhle kwezilwane ezifuywayo, njengezinja noma amakati, kwenza kube mnandi ukuzibuka nokuba seduze kwazo. Lokhu kuphinde kufundise abantu ububele, ukubekezela, nokunakekela. Okwesithathu, izilwane zibalulekile envelweni, futhi ubuhle bazo bukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bagcine imvelo. Ukubona izilwane zasendie ezihlala emasimini nasemahlathini kufundisa abantu ukubaluleka kokuvikela izindawo zemvelo nezilwane ezingaphila kuzo.

Ngakho-ke, ubuhle bezilwane abugcini nje ngokubukeka kodwa buphinde busebenzise imfundo, injabulo, nokuzwela abantu. Izilwane ziyisibusiso emvelweni futhi kufanele sizihloniphe, sizivikele, futhi sizinakekele ukuze ubuhle bazo buqhubeke bukhazimule ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. 

## Imthombo yolwazi
Inhlaba

Inhlaba

**Inhlaba** yigama lesiZulu elisetshenziswa ukubiza izitshalo zohlobo lwe-Aloe. Lezi zitshalo zaziwa kakhulu ngokuba namakhasi aqinile, anamanzi ngaphakathi, futhi zivame ukukhula ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile. Eningizimu Afrika kuvame ukutholakala izinhlobo ezifana ne-Aloe ferox, Aloe marlothii, kanye ne-Aloe arborescens,kanti emhlabeni wonke kudume kakhulu i-Aloe vera.

Inhlaba inamakhasi anesikhumba esiqinile ngaphandle,kanti ngaphakathi kuna amanzi anobisi– esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni isikhumba.Inhlaka enokunambitheka okubabayo, evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-laxative (ukuhlanza isisu).Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlaba ezokwelapha zendabuko ukwelapha izilonda,amabala esikhumbeni ,kunciphisa ukusha kanye asiza uma umuntu enezinkinga zesisu.

Ukusebenzisa inhlaka ngokweqile kungabangela ukuhuda noma ubuhlungu besisu.Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baxhumane nodokotela ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.Kufanele kusetshenziswe inhlaba ngendlela efanele futhi elawulwa kahle.Inhlaba iyisitshalo esibalulekile esisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezempilo, ezobuhle, nasemithini yendabuko. Nakuba inezinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa ngokucophelela nangolwazi oluqondile.

## Izinkomba
Isicathulo

Isichathulo

**Isicathulo** yinto egqokwa ezinyaweni ukuvikela,ukuhlobisa nokwenza kube lula ukuhamba. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu bebesebenzisa izikhumba zezilwane, utshani noma izindwangu ukwenza izicathulo.Namuhla, izicathulo zenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nerabha, isikhumba, ipulasitiki kanye nendwangu.

Umlando wezicathulo uqala kudala lapho abantu basebenzisa izikhumba zezilwane ukuvikela izinyawo zabo ezimeni zezulu ezinzima. Emazweni ashisayo, abantu babevame ukuhamba bengafake zicathulo, kodwa lapho kuqala ukuhweba nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, izicathulo zaqala ukuba yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Nike ne-Adidas zaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izicathulo zemidlalo zesimanje.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezicathulo, kuye ngokuthi zisetshenziselwa ini:Izicathulo zemidlalo – Zenzelwe ukugijima,ukudlala ibhola noma ezinye izinhlobo zemidlalo.Izicathulo zesikole – Zivame ukuba mnyama futhi zenzelwe ukugqokwa nsuku zonke esikoleni.Izicathulo zokuziphatha – Zigqokwa emicimbini esemthethweni.Izimbadada – Zifaneleka kakhulu ehlobo noma ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ukubaluleka KwezicathuloIzicathulo zivikela izinyawo ekulimaleni, ekushiseni, nasemakhazeni. Ziphinde zibe yindlela yokubonisa isitayela nobuntu bomuntu.Namuhla abantu abaningi bakhetha izicathulo ezivela ezinkampanini ezidumile njengokuthi Puma ngenxa yekhwalithi nesitayela sazo.Ngamafuphi isicathulo siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yabantu.Sisiza ekuvikeleni izinyawo sithuthukise ukuzethemba futhi sibe yingxenye yemfashini.Ukukhetha isicathulo esifanele kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe impilo yezinyawo kanye nokunethezeka.

## Izinkomba
Amazambane

Amazambane

**Amazambane** ayisitshalo esidliwayo esikhuliswa emhlabeni wonke futhi abalulekile ekudleni kwabantu abaningi.Umsuka wawo uvela eNingizimu Melika,ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zase-Andes emazweni afana ne-Peru nase-Bolivia.Abahlali bomdabu base lezi zindawo baqala ukuwakhulisa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-7,000 eyedlule.

Amazambane alethwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-16 ngabahloli baseSpain. Kamuva aba ukudla okubalulekile emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ngenxa yokuthi akhula kalula futhi anikeza isivuno esiningi. Eningizimu Afrika amazambane aba yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwansuku zonke futhi asetshenziswa ezitsheni eziningi.Ukukhuliswa kwawo amazambane akhula kahle ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi ocebile nowunomswakama.Zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo kanye nokunakekelwa okuhle ukuze kugwemeke izifo nezilokazane.Zivunwa ngokumba phansi emhlabathini lapho izimpande sezikhule zaba namazambane avuthiwe.Amazambane aqukethe:Ama-carbohydrate amaningi anikeza amandla.I-vitamin C esiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba.I-potassium ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemisipha nenhliziyo.Ifayibha esiza ekugayeni ukudla.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane angaphekwa ngezindlela eziningi: angabiliswa, angathoswa, angabhakwa noma enziwe ama-chips. Asetshenziswa nasekukhiqizeni ufulawa namanye amafutha okudla.Ngako kr amazambane ayisitshalo esibalulekile emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yenani lawo lokudla, umlando wawo omude, kanye nokuba lula ukuwakhulisa. Aqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabantu abaningi.

## Izinkomba
Amandla Entsha

Amandla Entsha

**Intsha** iyisisekelo sekusasa lanoma yiliphi izwe. Uma inikezwa amathuba emfundo, amakhono, nokwesekwa, iyakwazi ukuguqula umphakathi ube ngcono. Ezindaweni eziningi, intsha iqala amabhizinisi amancane, iqhamuke nemibono emisha, futhi isebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amandla entuthuko alele kakhulu entsheni.

Nokho, intsha ibhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokungasebenzi, ukushoda kwezinsiza, kanye nengcindezi yezimo zomnotho. Uma lezi zinselelo zingabhekwanga, zinganciphisa ithemba lekusasa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi kube nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuxhaswa kwamabhizinisi entsha ukuze ikwazi ukuzimela.

Ngakho-ke, ukubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni, izikole, nemiphakathi kubalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa eliqhakazile. Intsha kumele ifundiswe ukubaluleka kokuzimisela, ukusebenza kanzima, nokuziphatha kahle. Uma isekelwe ngendlela efanele, ingaba umthombo wamandla noshintsho oluhle emphakathini.

## Izinkomba
Amaciko bokulondoloza imvelo ngamakhambi esintu ezindaweni zasemakhaya

< User:Pezana
Ubuciko Bokulondoloza Imvelo Ngamakhambi Esintu Ezindaweni Zasemakhaya

Isithombe Samakhambi esintu okulondoloza imvelo
Eminyakeni edlule, imiphakathi yasemakhaya ibisebenzisa amakhambi esintu hhayi kuphela ukwelapha izifo, kodwa futhi ukulondoloza imvelo.[1] Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngokuhlonipha imithetho yesintu evimbela ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ezingcwele kanye nokuvikela imithombo yamanzi. Abadala babefundisa intsha ukuthi imvelo iyifa elingcwele elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni. Ngaleyo ndlela, kwakhiwa ubudlelwano obuqinile phakathi komuntu nomhlaba awuhlala kuwo.[2]

Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe besimanje sebungenile nasemakhaya, kodwa kunengozi yokuthi amasiko okugcina imvelo ayaphela. Abanye abantu bagawula izihlahla ngaphandle kokutshala ezinye, kanti nemifula iyangcoliswa. Nokho, kunezinhlangano zomphakathi ezizama ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesintu nezindlela zesayensi ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yemvelo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isintu nesayensi zingasebenzisana ukwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile.[3]

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi izikole nemindeni babuyise izifundo ezikhuluma ngokubaluleka kwemvelo namasiko esintu. Uma intsha ifundiswa kusenesikhathi, izokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi imvelo akuyona into yokusetshenziswa kuphela, kodwa iyigugu okufanele ligcinwe. Ukubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni, imiphakathi, nabaholi bendabuko kungaqinisekisa ukuthi leli fa alilahleki.[4]

Izinkomba
Home - SANBI
UNEP - UN Environment Programme
Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment - Wikipedia
World Wildlife Fund | (WWF) Endangered Species Conservation
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Isigaba: Amasiko eSintu