Istanbul

*Istanbul* | native_name_lang = tr | settlement_type = Megacity 

umasipala we-Metropolitan | image_skyline =  | Usayizi wesithombe = 270 | image_alt = Bona amagama-ncazo | image_caption = Ngokuhamba kwewashi ukusuka phezulu: Ibhuloho laseBosphorus elixhuma i-Europe ne-Asia, I-Maiden's Tower, Isigodlo saseDolmabahçe, Levent isifunda samabhizinisi, Galata Tower, Ortaköy Mosque, Hagia Sophia | image_blank_emblem = Istanbul city emblem.png | blank_emblem_type = Uphawu lukaMasipala wase-Istanbul Metropolitan | blank_emblem_size = 110px | usayizi wemephu = 230px | pushpin_map = Turkey#Europe#Asia#World | pushpin_map_alt = Turkey, ne-Istanbul ekhonjwe enyakatho-ntshonalanga eduze komugqa omncane wezwe oboshwe amanzi | pushpin_map_caption = Indawo phakathi kweTurkey##Indawo phakathi kwe-Europe##Indawo phakathi kwe-Asia | pushpin_relief = 1 | izixhumanisi =  | subdivision_type = Izwe | subdivision_name = Turkey | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = Isifunda | subdivision_name1 = Marmara | subdivision_name2 = Istanbul | seat_type = Isihlalo Sesifundazwe | isihlalo = Cağaloğlu, Fatih | parts_type = Izigodi | izingxenye = 39 | leader_party = CHP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ekrem İmamoğlu | leader_title1 = Governor | leader_name1 = Ali Yerlikaya | area_footnotes =  | indawo_amanzi_km2 = | indawo_yedolobha_km2 = 2,576.85 | area_metro_km2 = 5,343.22 | elevation_max_footnotes =  | elevation_max_m = 537 | inani_labantu = 15,462,452 | inani labantu basedolobheni = 15,149,358 | inani_labantu = 31 December 2020 | population_footnotes =   | population_density_urban_km2 = 5,879 | population_density_metro_km2 = 2,894 | labantu_izinga = owoku-1 eTurkey | population_demonym = Istanbulite

() | postal_code_type = Ikhodi yeposi | postal_code = 34000 kuya ku-34990 | area_code = +90 212 (European side) 

+90 216 (Uhlangothi lwase-Asia) | registration_plate = 34 | blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD | blank_info_sec2 = .ist, .istanbul | iwebhusayithi =  

 | blank_name = GDP (Nominal) | blank_info = 2019 | blank1_name = &nbsp;- Isamba | blank1_info = US$ 237&nbsp;ibhiliyoni | blank2_name = &nbsp;- Umuntu ngamunye | blank2_info = US$ 15,285 | blank3_name = HDI (2019) | blank3_info = 0.846 (phezulu kakhulu) · 1st | indawo yesikhathi = TRT | utc_offset = +3 | module =  | igama = | government_type = Mayor-council government | governing_body = UMkhandlu Kamasipala wase-Istanbul

**Istanbul**' ( ,    ; I- ), eyayaziwa ngokuthi **[[[Constantinople]]**, ingu-idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke Turkey kanye nesikhungo sezwe sezomnotho, amasiko kanye nomlando. Leli dolobha linqamula i-Bosporus istrait, futhi likhona kokubili [Europe] kanye [E-Asia, nezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15, ezihlanganisa u-19% wabantu baseTurkey. I-Istanbul idolobha elinabantu abaningi eYurophu, kanye nezwe idolobha leshumi nanhlanu ngobukhulu.

Yasungulwa njenge-Byzantion ngamakoloni Megarian ngekhulu lesi-7 BCE, futhi yaqanjwa kabusha ngu-Constantine Omkhulu kuqala ngokuthi IRoma Entsha ( *I-Nova Roma*) phakathi nokunikezelwa ngokusemthethweni kwedolobha njengenhloko-dolobha entsha WamaRoma ngo-330 CE, i asheshe wayishintsha yaba iConstantinople (*Constantinopolis* ), idolobha lakhula ngobukhulu nomthelela, laba isibani se-Silk Road kanye nelinye lamadolobha abaluleke kakhulu emlandweni. Yasebenza njengenhloko-dolobha yombuso cishe amakhulu eminyaka ayishumi nesithupha, phakathi Roman/Byzantine (330-1204), Latin (1204-1261), Byzantine (1261–1453), kanye Ottoman (1453–1922) imibuso. Idolobha laba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuKristu ngezikhathi zamaRoma nezaseByzantium, lasingatha ezine (kuhlanganise ne-Chalcedon (Kadıköy) ohlangothini lwase-Asia) [kuqala] imikhandlu yenkolo eyisikhombisa](https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/kuqala%5D_imikhandlu_yenkolo_eyisikhombisa) (yonke eyayiseTurkey yanamuhla), ngaphambi kokuguqulelwa kwayo ekubeni inqaba yamaSulumane elandela Ukuwa kweConstantinople ngo-1453 CE, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba ikomkhulu [I-Ottoman Caliphate]] ngo-1517. Ngo-1923, ngemva Impi Yokuzimela YaseTurkey , I-Ankara yathatha indawo yedolobha njengenhloko-dolobha yezwe elalisanda kwakhiwa Republic of Turkey. Ngo-1930, igama laleli dolobha lashintshwa ngokusemthethweni laba yi-Istanbul, igama elithi Greek elalisetshenziswa kusukela ngekhulunyaka leshumi nanye.

bheka idolobha ngokuhlanganyela.

Ngaphezulu kwe- izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zeza e-Istanbul ngo-2018, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuthi ibizwe ngokuthi Inhloko-dolobha Yase-Europe Yamasiko, okuyenza ibe idolobha lesishiyagalombili elivakashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Istanbul iyikhaya UNESCO] INdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba], futhi isingatha ikomkhulu lezinkampani eziningi zaseTurkey, ezibalwa ngaphezu kwalokho. amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu umnotho wezwe.

## I-Toponymy

Igama lokuqala elaziwayo ledolobha lithi *[[Byzantium]]* (}, *Byzántion*), igama elanikezwa kulo ekusekelweni kwalo ngu-[Megarian] ] amakoloni cishe ngo-657 BCE. Amakholoni aseMegaran athi umugqa oqondile obuyela emuva abasunguli bedolobha, i-Byzas, indodana kankulunkulu u-Poseidon kanye ne-nymph Ceroëssa. idolobha elibalekayo. IConstantinople isuka egameni lesiLatini elithi Constantinus, elisuselwa egameni [uConstantine Omkhulu, umbusi waseRoma owasungula kabusha leli dolobha ngo-324. CE. I-Constantinople yahlala iyigama elivame kakhulu ledolobha eliseNtshonalanga kwaze kwaba ngawo-1930, lapho iziphathimandla zaseTurkey ziqala ukucindezela ukusetshenziswa kwe-"Istanbul" ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe. *Kostantiniyye* (), *Be Makam-e Qonstantiniyyah al-Mahmiyyah* (okusho "Indawo Evikelwe yaseConstantinople") kanye nethi *İstanbul* kwakungamagama asetshenziswa ngenye indlela. ngama-Ottoman ngesikhathi sokubusa kwawo.

Igama elithi *İstanbul* (, colloquially ) livamise ukubanjwa ngokuthi lisuselwa ku IsiGreece SaseNkathi Ephakathi ibinzana  (liphinyiselwa }), okusho ukuthi "edolobheni" futhi yindlela iConstantinople eyayibhekiselwa kuyo amaGreki endawo. Lokhu kubonise isimo salo njengedolobha elikhulu kuphela endaweni. Ukubaluleka kweConstantinople emhlabeni wase-Ottoman kuphinde kwaboniswa isiteketiso sayo sase-Ottoman esithi *Der Saadet* okusho "Isango Eliya Empumelelweni" ngesi-Ottoman Turkish. Okunye ukubuka ukuthi igama livele ngqo lisuka ku- igama elithi *Constantinople*, elinohlamvu lokuqala nelesithathu liyehliswa. Eminye imithombo ye-Ottoman yekhulu le-17, njengokuthi Evliya Çelebi, ilichaza njengegama elivamile lesiTurkey isikhathi; phakathi kwekhulu le-17 nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, yayisetshenziswa futhi ngokusemthethweni. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwegama elithi *Islambol* emalini kwenzeka ngo-1730 phakathi nokubusa kukaSultan Mahmud I. Ngesimanje Turkish, igama libhalwe ngokuthi *İstanbul*, elinechashazi elithi İ, njengoba izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesi-Turkish ihlukanisa phakathi kwe-dotted kanye ne-dotless I. . NgesiNgisi ukucindezeleka kuselungeni lokuqala noma lokugcina, kodwa ngesi-Turkish kuselungwini lwesibili (*tan*). Umuntu ovela edolobheni uyi-*'İstanbullu* (ubuningi: *İstanbullular*); I-*Istanbulite* isetshenziswa ngesiNgisi.

## Umlando
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