open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ndwandwe–Impi yamaZulu

Impi **yamaNdwandwe – Zulu** yango-1817 &#x2013; 1819 kwakuyimpi eyalwa phakathi koMbuso wamaZulu owawanda kanye nesizwe samaNdwandwe eNingizimu Afrika .

AmaZulu ekuqaleni ayewumphakathi ohlangene wobuzwe owawuthuthele ethafeni elisempumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika yanamuhla; baba yisizwe esinamandla sesizwe ikakhulu ngenxa yemizamo yesikhulu esizimele esigama linguShaka (c. 1787 &#x2013; 1828, wabusa 1816 &#x2013; 1828). Insizwa eyayihlubuka, uShaka wayehlukaniswe nobaba wakhe, owayeyinduna yakwaZulu ogama lakhe kwakunguSenzangakhona, futhi waba yimpi nabantu bakwaMthethwa.Isikhulu esikhulu sakwaMthethwa uDingiswayo wasiza uShaka ukuba abonakale njengenhloko yamaZulu ngemuva kokushona kukaSenzangakhona ngo-1816. Lezi zikhulu ezimbili zazingabangani abakhulu, futhi amaqhawe azo alwa ndawonye elwa nezitha ezivamile, njengamaNdwandwe eholwa yiNkosi uZwide.Ngemuva kokuthi uDingiswayo ebanjiwe wabulawa nguZwide, abantu bakwaMthethwa bazifaka ngaphansi kukaShaka bathatha igama lesiZulu.UShaka waguqula izindlela zomdabu zokulwa ngokwethula umkhonto omfushane wokugwaza , njengesikhali nangokuhlela amaqhawe emikhakheni eqeqeshelwe ukulwa eyayiseduze kakhulu nezihlangu ezinkulu zesikhumba senkomo.EMpini yaseGqokli Hill ngo-1817, amabutho akhe namasu akhe kwehlula isibalo esiphakeme sabantu bakwaNdwandwe, abahluleka ukubhubhisa amaZulu lapho behlangana okokuqala.

AmaNdwandwe namaZulu ahlangana futhi empini eMfuleni iMhlatuze River ngo-1819. Ngalesi sikhathi amaNdwandwe ayesethathe amaqhinga nezikhali zikaZulu ngakho uShaka wafaka abahlaseli phansi ngamaqhinga abashokobezi ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukuhlasela kwakhe okukhulu lapho ibutho lakwaNdwandwe lalihlukaniswa phakathi nokuwela uMfula uMhlatuze .  Amaqhawe akwaZulu afike ekomkhulu likaZwide eduze kwaNongoma wanamuhla ngaphambi kwezindaba zokuhlulwa, asondela ekhempini ecula izingoma zokunqoba zikaNdwandwe ukuthola ukungena.UZwide uqobo waphunyuka nedlanzana labalandeli, futhi iningi lamaNdwandwe lashiya amazwe abo lafudukela enyakatho lisungula okufana nesiZulu (saqanjwa ngokuthi uNgoni ngemuva kwegama le-ethno-linguistic lingu "Nguni") imibuso eZambia, Malawi, Mozambique naseTanzania.Lesi bekuyisigaba sokugcina seMfecane, impi yombango eyinhlekelele, enegazi nokugcina kufuduka kwezizwe eziningi ezahlukahlukene endaweni, ekuqaleni (cishe ngo-1802) okwabangelwa indlala kepha ekugcineni kwaba ngumphumela wokuphunyuka kumaZulu. Amaqembu akwaNgoni azidalela umonakalo ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga kaZulu empini.Basungula izingxenye ezinamandla zepolitiki kwamanye amazwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela baba usongo ekoloni laseYurophu, ngokwesibonelo ngesikhathi seMaji-Maji Rebellion eGerman East Africa (1905-1907). UShaka wayengumnqobi omkhulu, futhi abantu bakhe basaphila nanamuhla kulo lonke elakwaZulu, ngamasiko nendlela yokuphila engalandelwa kalula kuze kube sosukwini lukaShaka.
Mzilikazi High School

**UMzilikazi Isikolo samabanga aphezulu** (owaziwa endaweni, e Ndebele, njengoba **eMgandane),** kuyinto F1 uhulumeni zigcinwe (ie zezemfundo) secondary school okuthiwa ngekuvuma Ndebele inkosi uMzilikazi,umsunguli Ndebele Nation. Lesi sikole sisedolobheni lakwaBulawayo, eZimbabwe, elisemgwaqweni u-Old Falls Road, umgwaqo owawujwayele ukuxhumanisa iBulawayo neVictoria Falls.Itholakala eduze kakhulu kwesibhedlela esidumile saseMpilo sakwaBulawayo.Isikole iMzilikazi High sitholakala phakathi kweGreenspan Suburb (kanye namathuna) nelokishi laseMzilikazi.

Emlandweni woMbuso wamaNdebele, iMzilikazi High School idonsa iningi labafundi bayo ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi ezi-feeder eziqanjwe ngamanye amaRoyal Ndebele, njengoMzilikazi uqobo; indodana yakhe, uLobhengula ; Indlovukazi kaLobhengula, uLozikeyi; nabanye abaholi, ezifana Lotshe.Ngakho-ke, izikole zamabanga aphansi ezaziwayo abafundi bazo bangaphambili baqhubekele eMzilikazi High School beya ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme zifaka: iMzilikazi Primary School, iLobhengula Primary School, iLotshe Primary School, kanye neLozikeyi Primary School.Ezinye zihlanganisa iSt. Patrick's Primary School kanye neSt. Columbus Primary School.

Isikole iMzilikazi Secondary saziwa ngempumelelo esezingeni eliphezulu kwezemfundo kanye nezemidlalo.Iqembu lebhola labafana bakaMzilikazi linqobe i-COPA Coca-Cola Tournament amahlandla amane ezingeni likazwelonke, selibe ngabanqobi be-Tournament yokuqala ngo-1989 kanye nango-1993, 1999, nango-2001. https://www.chronicle.co.zw/copa-coca-cola-launch-in-bikita/Isikole iMzilikazi High siphethe isibalo esiphezulu seCOPA Coca-Cola esinqobe kulo lonke iBulawayo.

## I-alumni ephawulekayo
Abanye babadlali bebhola abasezingeni eliphezulu eZimbabwe balolongwa lapha, njengoPeter Ndlovu (oke wadlalela iCoventry City FC, iBirmingham City FC, neHuddersfield FC futhi njengamanje wenza umsebenzi wakhe eNingizimu Afrika), uBenjamin Konjera ongasekho, no- Adam Ndlovu ongasekho.

UYvonne Vera, umbhali wamanoveli ongasekho owaziwa umhlaba wonke, kanye noProf Welshman Ncube, uprofesa wezomthetho kanye nosopolitiki ovelele ophikisayo, nabo bangabafundi. UNoViolet Bulawayo, umbhali wamanoveli odumile, naye ubekhona kulesi sikole.
Mpho Tutu van Furth

IsAm. **UMpho Andrea Tutu van Furth** (owazalwa ngo-1963) ungumfundisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umbhali nesishoshovu. Uyindodakazi kaDesmond Tutu.

## Impilo

### Isiqalo sokuphila
UMpho Andrea Tutu wazalelwa eLondon, ingane kaDesmond noNomalizo Leah (Shenxane) Tutu.Uyise Desmond kuyinto abadumile eNingizimu Afrika Anglican umfundisi, nabazali bakhe bobabili baziwa umsebenzi wabo njengoba sobandlululo kanye nezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu. UDesmond noNomalizo babenezinye izingane ezintathu ngaphambi kukaMpho: uTrevor Thamsanqa, uTheresa Thandeka, noNaomi Nontombi.UMpho wayeneminyaka engama-31 ubudala lapho ubandlululo luphela ngo-1994. 

Ngesikhathi esemncane, uMpho wayengenaso isifiso sokulandela ezinyathelweni zikayise njengompristi, futhi kamuva wachaza indlela yakhe eya enkonzweni njengokuthatha "indlela ebabazekayo" futhi wathi uzizwa uNkulunkulu embizela kulo mkhakha. 

### Umsebenzi
UTutu wagcotshwa njengomdikoni eSpringfield, eMassachusetts, futhi waba ngumfundisi we- Episcopal ngo-2003.Ngaphambi kokugcotshwa kwakhe wayenguMqondisi weDiscovery Programme e-All Saints Church eWorcester, eMassachusetts.Wathola amakhosi e- Episcopal Divinity School eCambridge, eMassachusetts,kwathi ngemuva kokugcotshwa kwakhe waqala ukushumayela e- Christ Church eyingqophamlando e- Alexandria, eVirginia. 

UTutu van Furth wayengumqondisi wokusungula iDesmond noLeah Tutu Legacy Foundation, futhi wasebenza njengomqondisi omkhulu kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2011 kuya kowezi-2016. 

### Umshado nokuphikisana nedayosisi yaseNingizimu Afrika
Phambilini ubeshade noJoseph Burris, obenezingane ezimbili naye. 

## Imiklomelo

* 2004 - Abesifazane BaseNingizimu Afrika Abesifazane:Umklomelo Wowesifazane Oqhakambisa 
* 2007 - Umklomelo We-African Women of Empowerment 
* 2010 - Umklomelo Wonyaka Wokukhulekela i-Abingdon 

## Imisebenzi eshicilelwe

* *Kwenzelwe Ubuhle: Futhi Kungani Lokhu Kwenza Wonke Umehluko* (2010; noDesmond Tutu )
* *UTutu: I-Portrait egunyaziwe* (2011; no- Allister Sparks )
* *INcwadi Yokuthethelela: Indlela Ephindwe Kane Yokuziphilisa Nezwe Lethu* (2014; noDesmond Tutu)

## Izinkomba
Nkeiruka Onyejeocha

**Nkeiruka Chidubem Onyejocha** (owazalwa 23 Novemba 1969) is a Nigerian sezombusazwe kanye edale simo eNigeria Federal House of Abamele.Umele i-Isuikwuato / Umunneochi Federal Constituency yase- Abia State.U-Onyejocha uyilungu elikhuthele lephalamende laseNigeria futhi uvame ukufaka isandla ezinhlelweni mpikiswano ezindabeni ezibucayi ezweni.Uxhase izikweletu eziningana futhi wasusa iziphakamiso ezithuthukise izimpilo zezakhamizi ezejwayelekile futhi zasiza ukuvikela amalungelo abo.
Moonchild

**Ingane** **kaMoonchild** noma yeNyanga ingabhekisa ku:

## Ifilimu

* ''UMoonchild'' (ifilimu yango-1974), ifilimu elihlasimulisa umzimba laseMelika
* ''UMoon Child'' (ifilimu ka-1989), ifilimu yaseSpain
* ''UMoon Child'' (ifilimu yango-2003), ifilimu laseJapan elalingisa uGackt noHyde

## Umculo

### Abaculi

* UMC the Max, owaziwa nangokuthi yiMoon Child, K-pop band
* I-Moonchild (ibhendi), elinye iqembu le-R & B
* UMoonchild Sanelly, umculi waseNingizimu Afrika wezobuchwepheshe futhi oyiphayona le-ghetto punk yesikhathi esizayo

### Ama-Albhamu

* **, nguJohn Zorn
* ''INyanga Yezingane'' (i-albhamu kaJohnny Lytle)
* ''INyanga Yezingane'' (i-albhamu kaPharoah Sanders)
* ''UMoonchild'' (i-albhamu yeCeltus) (1997)
* ''I-Moonchild'' (i-albhamu kaCharlene Soraia)
* ''I-Moonchild'' (i-albhamu ye-NIKI) (2020)

### Izingoma

* "Moonchild", ingoma kaCaptain Beefheart and His Magic Band (1966)
* "Moonchild" (iculo leKing Crimson) (1969)
* "Moonchild", ingoma yombhali wezingoma ze-blues uRory Gallagher kusuka ku-albhamu *Calling Card* (1976)
* "Moonchild", iculo likaRick James elivela ku-albhamu *Glow* (1985)
* "Moonchild", iculo le-Fields of the Nephilim elivela ku-albhamu *The Nephilim* (1988)
* "Moonchild", iculo lika-Iron Maiden elivela ku-albhamu *iSeventh Son of a Seventh Son* (1988)
* "Moonchild", iculo likaDeborah Gibson elivela ku-albhamu *Deborah* (1996)
* "Moonchild", iculo likaChris Cornell elivela ku-albhamu i- *Euphoria Morning* (1999)
* "Moonchild" (ingoma kaCibo Matto) (1999)
* "Moonchild", iculo lika-M83 elivela ku-albhamu ethi *Before the Dawn Heals Us* (2005)
* "Moonchild", ingoma ka-rapper RM evela ku-albhamu *Mono* (2018)

## Okunye ukusetshenziswa

* Umuntu onophawu lwezinkanyezi iCancer
* ''I-Moonchild'' (inoveli), inoveli yango-1917 yesazi semilingo saseBrithani u-Aleister Crowley
* ''INyanga Yezingane'' (manga), uchungechunge lwama-manga luka-1989 nguReiko Shimizu
* Elinye igama le-Childlike Empress, umlingiswa osencwadini yezingane yango-1979 ethi ''The Neverending Story''
Umqambi

**Umqambi** ( Latin  ; ngokwezwi nezwi "ohlanganisa ndawonye") ngumuntu obhala umculo, ikakhulukazi umculo we-classic  nganoma iyiphi indlela, kufaka phakathi umculo wezwi ( womculi noma wekwaya ), umculo wezinsimbi, umculo we-elektroniki, nomculo ehlanganisa amafomu amaningi.Umqambi angakha umculo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomculo, kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, umculo we-classic, itiyetha yomculo, i- blues, umculo wesintu, i- jazz, nomculo odumile.Abaqambi ngokuvamile baveze imisebenzi yabo amaphuzu zomculo olubhalwe kusetshenziswa notation emculweni.

Abaqambi abaningi bangabaculi abanamakhono, noma babengabo.
IWikipedia(Isehlukaniso(

**[[Wikipedia|I-Wikipedia]]** iyi-encyclopedia ye-Inthanethi yamahhala, ebambisanayo, nezilimi eziningi.

**I-Wikipedia** futhi ingabhekisa ku

* 274301 Wikipedia, i-asteroid
* *I-Wikipedia Monument*, isifanekiso sika-2014 esisePoland
* Umphakathi we-Wikipedia, umphakathi wabanikeli ku-encyclopedia eku-inthanethi
* Isikhala segama le-Wikipedia, bona i- Wikipedia: Isikhala samagama sephrojekthi

*
Iduna (isithixo)

Ezinganekwaneni zaseNorse,u- **Iðunn** ungunkulunkulukazi ohlotshaniswa nama- apula nentsha.I-Iðunn ufakazelwa yi- *Poetic Edda*, eyahlanganiswa ngekhulu le-13 kusuka emithonjeni yendabuko yangaphambili, kanye *neProse Edda*, eyabhalwa ngekhulu le-13 nguSnorri Sturluson.Kuyo yomibili imithombo, uchazwa njengonkosikazi kankulunkulu wama-skaldic uBragi, naku- *Prose Edda*, futhi njengomgcini wama-aphula kanye nomnikezeli wobusha obungunaphakade .

## Igama
Igama elithi *Iðunn* lichazwe ngokuhlukahlukene ngokuthi lisho ukuthi "umncane njalo", "umvuseleli", noma "ovuselelayo". Njengoba yesimanje zamagama zesiNgisi awunazo waseMoresheti ( d ) uhlamvu, *Iðunn* ngezinye izikhathi anglicized njengoba **Idun,** **Idunn** noma **Ithun.** Isijobelelo -a kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswa ukukhombisa ubufazi, okuholela kumafomu afana ne- **Iduna** ne- **Idunna** . 

## Ubufakazi

### ''Usonkondlo u-Edda''

U-Iðunn wethulwa njengomfazi kaBragi esethulweni *sesibongo* senkondlo ethi Lokasenna, lapho bobabili beya edilini elenziwa ngu- irgir.Ezingxenyeni ezingu-16, 17 no-18, kuba nengxoxo phakathi kukaLoki no-Iðunn ngemuva kokuthi uLoki ethuke uBragi.Kusigaba 16, u-Iðunn (lapha uchazwe njengo- *Idunn* ) uthi:
: *U-Idunn uthe:*
:: Ngiyakucela, Bragi, ukuthi wenze insizakalo ezihlotsheni zakho zegazi
:: nabo bonke ubudlelwano bokutholwa,
:: ukuthi akufanele usho amazwi okusola kuLoki,
:: ehholo lika-irgir.
:
: *ULoki uthe:*
:: Thula, Idunn, ngikumemezela lokho kubo bonke abesifazane
:: uhlanya kakhulu,
:: selokhu ubeke izingalo, wageza ngokukhanyayo,
:: ngombulali womfowenu
:
: *U-Idunn uthe:*
:: Angisho amagama okusola kuLoki,
:: ehholo lika-irgir
:: Ngathulisa uBragi, ngenza kukhulume ubhiya;
:: futhi zonke izinto eziphilayo ziyamthanda. 
Enkondlweni *kaHrafnagaldr Óðins*, kunikezwa imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana no-Iðunn, noma ngabe lolu lwazi alufakazelwa ngenye indlela.Lapha, u-Iðunn ukhonjwa njengowehla ema- elves, njengomunye "wezingane ezindala zika-Ivaldi " nanjengama- dís ahlala kuma- dales.UStanza 6 ufundeka kanje:
: Ezindabeni kuhlala,
: owaziwa ngaphambili,
: kusuka kuYggdrasil's
: umlotha ushonile,
: wohlanga lwe-alfen,
: Idun ngegama,
: omncane ka-Ivaldi
: izingane ezindala.
Mzilikazi Khumalo

**UJames Steven Mzilikazi Khumalo** (20 Nhlangulana 1932 - 22 Nhlangulana 2021) wayengumqambi wezingoma waseNingizimu Afrika kanye noprofesa wezilimi zase-Afrika eNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand.

## Isiqalo sokuphila
UKhumalo wazalelwa epulazini laKwaNgwelu eNatali ngo-1932.Ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kukaKhumalo abazali bakhe bagcotshwa njengongqongqoshe beSalvation Army, eyayiphethe ipulazi ngaleso sikhathi.Umndeni uthuthele kwaHlabisa, nokuyilapho uKhumalo aqale khona isikole.

## Isazi sezilimi zase-Afrika
Ngemuva kokuqeda isikole samabanga aphezulu uKhumalo wabhalisa ekolishi lokuqeqesha othisha eMamelodi.Waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, wathola iziqu ze-bachelor neziqu ze-English nesiZulu ngo-1956 e- University of South Africa.Waqhubeka nokuthola iziqu ze-master futhi, ngo-1988, wenza i-PhD, bobabili base-University of Witwatersrand, eGoli. 

Umsebenzi kaKhumalo eMnyangweni Wezilimi Zase-Afrika wase- University of the Witwatersrand, eGoli waqala ngonyaka we-1969, ngesikhathi esesikhundleni sokuba ngumfundisi. Wadlulela ekubeni nguprofesa wezilimi zase-Afrika nenhloko yoMnyango Wezilimi Zase-Afrika eWits.

## Umqambi
Ingoma yakhe yokuqala kwakunguMa *Ngificwa Ukufa*, eyaqala ukukhonjiswa ngonyaka we-1959. 

Izingoma zakhe ziqukethe ikakhulukazi izilungiselelo zemibhalo yesiZulu. Izingoma zakhe *ezinhlanu zase-Afrika* zihlelwe izingoma ezine zendabuko kanye nomculo owodwa wesimanjemanje wekhwaya kanye ne-okhestra ye-symphony.Kuqoshwe yiSouth African National Symphony Orchestra and Chamber Choir yeSouth African Broadcasting Corporation, ebiqhutshwa nguRichard Cock.Izingoma ezimbili kwezinhlanu zingesiXhosa, kanti ezinye ezintathu ngezesiZulu.Ucezu luye lwahlelwa nguPeter Louis Van Dijk.

Ngo-1986 waqamba umsebenzi wamakhwaya wokubekwa kuka-Archbishop Desmond Tutu esihlalweni sobukhosi. Khumalo futhi umqambi we cantata *UShaka KaSenzangakhona,* ositshela indaba Zulu inkosi, uShaka.

## Ukufa
Ngo-22 Nhlangulana 2021, uMzilikazi Khumalo washona ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe eneminyaka engama-89 kulandela ukugula isikhathi eside.
Ntime Skhosana

**UNtime Skhosana** nguye okhulumela iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa kanye Nokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo njengamanje, uThabang Makwetla.
Isikhumulo samabhasi

**Isikhumulo samabhasi** siyisakhiwo lapho amabhasi asezidlaveleni noma ezidlidlini emisa khona ukulanda nokushiya abagibeli. Isikhumulo samabhasi sikhulu *kunesiphumulo sebhasi* (bus stop), esivame ukuba yindawo eseceleni komgwaqo kuphela, lapho amabhasi angama khona ukwehlisa nokugibeza abantu. Isikhumulo samabhasi singasetshenziswa njengesiphumulo sokugcina semizila eminingi, noma njengesikhumulo sokuxhuma lapho imizila iqhubeka khona.

Imiganga yesikhumulo samabhasi singabelwa imigqa yamabhasi ehleliwe, noma eguquguqukayo ngokuhlangana nohlelo lolwazi lwabagibeli olunamandla. Lesi sakamuva, isiphumulo ,sidinga imiganga embalwa, kepha asinikezi umgibeli induduzo yokwazi umganga kusenesikhathi futhi silinde lapho.

## Isikhumulo esifinyelelekayo
Isikhumulo esifinyeleleka kalula yisikhumulo sabagibeli sezokuthutha somphakathi esihlinzeka ukufinyelela okulungele, siyasebenziseka futhi asinazo  zomzimba ezivimbela futhi / noma ezivimbela ukufinyelela kwabantu abakhubazekile, kubandakanya nalabo abasebenzisa izihlalo ezinamasondo.

## Iziteshi zebhasi ezinkulu kakhulu
iChennai Mofussil Bus Terminus eChennai, eNdiya, iyisiteshi samabhasi esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Asia. 

I- Woodlands Temporary Bus Interchange eSingapore nayo ingenye yezindlela eziphithizela kakhulu zamabhasi emhlabeni, iphatha abagibeli abangama-400,000 nsuku zonke kuzo zonke izinsizakalo zamabhasi ezingama-42.  Ukuhwebelana kwebhasi iBedok neTampines edolobheni kulawula isibalo esifanayo sabagibeli nsuku zonke.

Isiteshi samabhasi esingaphansi komhlaba esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu yiKamppi Center yaseHelsinki, eFinland eyaqedwa ngo-2006. Isiginali ibiza izigidi eziyi-100 ze-Euro ukuqeda futhi yathatha iminyaka emi-3 ukuyakha nokwakha.Namuhla, isikhumulo samabhasi, esihlanganisa amamitha-skwele angama-25,000, siyindawo yokugcina amabhasi ematasa kakhulu eFinland. Nsuku zonke, lesi sikhumulo sihamba cishe amabhasi angama-700, sihambisa abagibeli abangaba ngu-170,000. 

Isiteshi sebhasi i- Preston ePreston, eLancashire, esakhiwa ngo-1969 futhi sabhalwa ohlwini lwamagugu kamuva, sachazwa ngo-2014 ngokuthi "kuya ngokuthi usikala kanjani, isiteshi samabhasi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu, neside kunazo zonke eYurophu ".Ilungiswe ngokuphelele ngo-2018. 

Isikhumulo samabhasi esikhulu kunazo zonke eGrisi yiMasedonia Bus Terminal etholakala ngaphandle kwenkaba yedolobha laseThesaloniki.Lesi sikhumulo samabhasi sixhuma wonke amadolobha amakhulu nazo zonke izingxenye zeGrisi, kufaka phakathi ezinye iziqhingi kanye nezinye izindawo zomhlaba wonke emazweni angomakhelwane.

( IMillennium Park Bus Depot eDelhi iyindawo enkulu yokugcina amabhasi emhlabeni, kepha ayisebenzi njengesiteshi samabhasi.
Isiphumulo sokudlweza

**Isiphumulo sokudlweza**, esaziwa nangokuthi **kusekudlwezeni**, siyisiklamo esihlinzeka ngamandla wamazuba ngenhloso yokudlweza izithuthi zamazuba eziqhazwayo (ezihlanganisa izithuthi ezineziphathanzuba, amaloli wamaZuba, amabhasi wamazuba njll.).

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeziphumulo zokudlweza eziyinhloko: iziphumulo zokudlweza ngozuba olucikazayo *(alternating current -AC)* kanye neziphumulo zokudlweza zozuba oluqondayo *(direct current -DC)*. Iziphathanzuba zezithuthi zamazuba zidlwezwa ngozuba olucikazayo kuphela, kuyilapho iningi lamazuba lufufuthwa emdwayingeni wamandla ngalolo hlobo lozuba. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi lezithuthi zamazuba zakhelwe isiguquli samazuba acikazayo kube aqondile (AC-to-DC) ngaphakathi, esibizwa ngokuthi "isidlweza esiphakathi". Lapho zifika esiphumulweni sokudlweza sozuba olucikazayo, amandla ozuba olucikazayo (AC) abuya emdwayingeni afakwa eidlwezeni esingapahakathi, bese sona siwaguqula kube amandla ozuba oluqondile (DC) ukuze sidlweze isiphathanzuba.

Iziphumulo zokudlweza zifakelwe izixhumi ezihambisana nezindinganiso zamaZwe ahlukene. Iziphumulo zokudlweza zozuba oluqondayo zona zifakelwe izixhumi eziningana ukuze zidlweze izithuthi ezihlukahlukene.

## Amazinga

### Isibongo
Isiteshi sokugcwalisa

**Isiphumulo sikagazolo** (noma isiphumulo sikapethloli) yindawo ethengisa isivamelo noma amafutha wezilumbamdiki zezimoto. Amafutha avame kakhulu ukudayiswa ngo- 2010 kwaba ugazolo kanye nodizili.

## Umlando

Ukugcwaliswa esiteshini lokuqala laliwumuzi ekhemisi e Wiesloch, eJalimane, lapho u-Bertha Benz amanye ethangini wokuqala imoto ohambweni lwawo lokuqala ezivela Mannheim ukuba Pforzheim emuva ngo-1888.Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho amanye amakhemisi athengisa uphethiloli njengebhizinisi eliseceleni.Kusukela ngo-2008 iBertha Benz Memorial Route ikhumbula lo mcimbi.  

## Idizayini nomsebenzi

## Ukumaketha

### iMelika esenyakatho
E-United States naseCanada, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokumaketha zeziteshi zokugcwalisa: ama-premium brand kanye nemikhiqizo yesaphulelo.

#### Imikhiqizo ye-Premium

Iziteshi zokugcwalisa ezinama- *premium brand* zidayisa izinhlobo zikaphethiloli ezaziwa kahle futhi ezijwayelekile zomhlaba wonke, kufaka phakathi i- Exxon kanye ne- Esso brand yayo, i- Phillips 66 / Conoco / 76, i- DRM, i- Mobil, i- Shell, i- Husky Energy, i- Sunoco (i-US), i- BP, i- Valero ne- Texaco.Non-international premium zihlanganisa Petrobras, Petro-Canada (okungewakho Suncor Energy Canada), QuikTrip, Hess, Sinclair, futhi Pemex.Iziteshi ze-premium-brand zamukela amakhadi wesikweletu, zivame ukukhipha amakhadi azo ezinkampani ( amakhadi kaphethiloli noma amakhadi wemikhumbi) futhi angakhokhisa amanani aphezulu.Kwezinye izimo, amakhadi kaphethiloli wamakhasimende asebenzisa uphethiloli ophansi a-odwa hhayi ngqo enkampanini kawoyela, kodwa kumlamuli.Imikhiqizo eminingi ye-premium inezikhungo zokukhokha ezisebenza ngokugcwele.Iziteshi zePrimiyamu zivame ukubonakala kakhulu kusuka kuthelawayeka nasekuphumeni komgwaqo onguthelawayeka, zisebenzisa izimpawu ezinde ukukhombisa ama-logo azo.
Isiphumulo sezicishamlilo

**Isiphumulo sezicishamlilo** siyisakhiwo noma enye indawo yokugcina izinto zokucisha umlilo ezifana nezimoto zomlilo nezimoto ezihambisanayo, izinto zokuzivikela, amapayipi omlilo nezinye izinto ezikhethekile.Iziiphumulo zezicishamlilo zivame ukuba nendawo yokusebenza, izinqola ezicishamlilo nabasebenzi abasekelayo.

Emadolobheni amakhulu ase-US, iziphumulo zezicishamlilo zivame ukubizwa ngezinkampani zokucisha umlilo eziyinhloko kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezigcinwe lapho, njenge "Ladder 49" .Ezinye iziphumulo zezicishamlilo zithiwa ngokususelwa esifundeni, endaweni, esidlidlini noma esigodini lapho zitholakala khona, noma zinikezwe inombolo.

## Iziphumulo

Isiphumulo sezicishamlilo okungenani sizoba negalaji lokwakha okungenani nenqola eyodwa yokucisha umlilo.Kuzoba nendawo yokugcina impahla, yize okokusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu kugcinwa emotweni uqobo.Izindlela zeziphumulo zezicisha umlilo zivame ukufakwa nezimpawu zokuxwayisa, futhi kungahle kube nophawu lomgwaqo lokumisa noma lokuxwayisa isinyokotho lapho izinqola zisuka noma zibuyela esiphumulweni.

Iziphumulo ezicishamlilo zivame ukwakhiwa ngombhoshongo, ngezinhloso eziguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Umbhoshongo wokuviva usetshenziselwa ukwenza ukutakula okuphezulu, kuyilapho umbhoshongo wethumbu usetshenziselwa ukulenga amapayipi ukuze ome ukuvimbela ukubola. Ngokomlando, imibhoshongo yayingababheki  bemlilo.

Imisebenzi esiphumulweni sezicishamlilo ifaka ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlanzwa kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nemishini, kanye nokuzivivinya lapho abacimi bomlilo benza khona amakhono abo. Ezinye izinkampani zomlilo nazo zisingatha imisebenzi yomphakathi esiphumulweni sezicishamlilo ngesikhathi semicimbi efana "neviki lokuvimbela umlilo", futhi isikhungo singasetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imali "yinhlangano yabacimi mlilo", " abacimi bomlilo ", noma "abasizi bomlilo".
Mumbuni High School

**IMumbuni High School** (eyaziwa nangokuthi **iMumbuni Secondary School** ) isikole eKenya esise-ukusuka edolobheni iMachakos.Ingesinye sezikole ezinkulu eMachakos County esinabafundi abangaphezu kuka-800.

## Umlando nokusebenza
Isikole saqalwa ngo-1965 ngaphansi koxhaso lwe- Africa Inland Church (AIC) esizeni esiseduze neScott Theological College futhi sathuthela endaweni esikuyo njengamanje ngo-1975.

Lesi sikole besinamakilasi ezinga lika "A" ngesikhathi sohlelo lwangaphambili lwezemfundo.Ikilasi lokugcina lika-A libhale izivivinyo ngo-1989.

Lesi sikole sasivame ukuba yisikole esixubekile kodwa ngoFebhuwari 7, 2005, amantombazane adlulela ngaphesheya komgwaqo aya esikoleni sawo, iMumbuni Girls High School.

## Ikhampasi
Isikole sisabalala ngaphezu kwamahektare angama-32.

## Ukuphatha
Isikole sibe nothishanhloko abayisithupha: uMnu Simon Mwatu (1965–1969), uMnu Daniel K. Mulwa (1969–1986), uMnu Benedict Kavita (1986-1996), uMnu Timothy Mwove (1996–2003), uMnu. Julius Kasuni (2003–2008), Mnu Mutiso Wambua (2009-2017), Mnu Peter Nzioka usekhonze kusukela ngo-Agasti 2017.

## I-alumni ephawulekayo
UDaniel "Churchill" Ndambuki, ababengamalungu amabili ephalamende laseKenya, uMutinda Mutiso noDaudi Mwanzia.UMercy K. Wambua oyi-Chief Executive Officer ye-Law Society of Kenya, u-Noor Ahmed Mohamed waseMelika wase-Afrika ngo-2030 baphakathi kwabaphangi balo.

## Ezemidlalo
Isikole siyasebenza emidlalweni eyahlukene futhi sidlale emazingeni ehlukene emazingeni ezigaba, ezigaba, ezifundeni nakwezesikhashana.
Lillian Dube

**ULillian Dube** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 30 Septhemba 1945) ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika.Mhlawumbe waziwa kakhulu ngokulingisa uMasebobe emdlalweni owuchungechunge *iGenerations.*

## Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-2007, uDube watholakala enomdlavuza webele futhi ubelokhu exoxa kusukela ngo-2008.Umdlavuza ubuye futhi ngo-2015.

## Imiklomelo nokuphakanyiswa
Ngo-2017, uDube waklonyeliswa ngeziqu zobudokotela ezihloniphekile kwiDrama and Film Production eTshwane University of Technology.

## Khetha ifilimu

* *UMapantsula* (1988)
* *USweet 'n Mfushane* (1991)
* *Kukhona iZulu On My Stoep* (1993)
* *Umuntu Omuhle E-Afrika* (1994)
* *Khala, Izwe Elithandekayo* (1995)
* *Ezweni Lami* (2004)
* *Oh Schuks.* *.* *.* *NginguGatvol* (2004)
* *ICape of Good Hope* (2004)
* *ILobola kaFanie Fourie* (2013)
* *Umbuso Okhohliwe* (2013)
* *Akukho lutho kuMahala* (2013)
* *I-Mia ne-White Lion* (2018)
Tongai Mnangagwa

**UTongai Mafidi Mnangagwa** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 10 Nhlolanja 1978) ungusopolitiki waseZimbabwe osebenza njengelungu lePhalamende lesifunda saseHarare South.Ungumshana kaMengameli u-Emmerson Mnangagwa futhi nguyena kuphela ilungu le-ZANU-PF ePhalamende elimele isifundazwe sase Harare.

## Impilo yokuqala nemfundo
UMnangagwa wazalwa ngomhlaka 10 Nhlolanja 1978 eZambia.Wathuthela eZimbabwe eseyingane encane, efunda eHaig Park Primary School eHarare .Wenza yakhe O Amazinga at Gokomere High School, a yamaKatolika boarding school e Isifundazwe Masvingo, ngaphambi kokuqeda kwakhe emfundweni yesibili at -Prince Edward School, a uhulumeni esikoleni esiphakeme e Harare.Ube esefunda eHarare Polytechnic, lapho athola khona isitifiketi kwezokukhangisa.Njengamanje wenza iziqu zeBachelor of science kuma-development studies eZimbabwe Open University
Isidlakalasi

Ngokomchazandalo, **isidlakalasi** siyisakhi esingakanisekayo esidluliselwa endikimbeni noma ohlelweni oluphathekayo, esibonakala kahle ngokuqhogoya umsebenzi nangesimo somchadamezo nokukhanya. Isidlakalasi siwumngakonani olondiwe - umthetho wokulondwa kwesidlakalasi uthi isidlakalasi singaguqulwa ngokwesimo, kodwa asinakudalwa noma sibhujiswe. Umuvo wokulinganisa isidlakalasi ngokweInternational System of Units (SI) uyi- *joule*, (umjulu).

Izimo ezivamile zesidlakalasi zihlanganisa impekumpeku yento ephekuzayo noma enyakazayo, isidlakalasi esigcinwe entweni (ngenxa yokuba kwayo senkundleni), isidlakathi senjombuluka esigcinwe entweni enqumile, isidlakalasi sesiqa esiyamaniswa nokusabela ngokwevanga, isidlakalasi esiyonzayo esithwalwa imiyonzi yenzubawonga, kanye nesidlakalasi esingaphakathi esiqukethwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezomchadamezo. Zonke iziphili zijwayele ukuthatha nokukhipha isidlakathi.

Ngenxa yokulingana kwesisindo–sidlakalasi, noma iyiphi into enesisindo lapho imile (okubizwa isisindo esiphumule) inaso isilinganiso senani sesidlakathi esinesimo esibizwa isidlakalasi esiphumule, futhi noma isiphi isidlakalasi esinye (sanoma iluphi uhlobo) esizuzwa isidlakathi esiphumule sizokhulisa isamba sesisindo njengalapho ikhulisa isamba sesidlakathi sayo.

Impucuzeko yabantu idinga isidlakalasi ukuze isebenze, futhi siyasithola kwizinsizakusebenza ezifana nesivuthisi sentshicwa, noma esidlakathini esivuselelekayo. Isimo sezulu somhlaba nezinqubo zoxhaxhamvelo ziqhutshwa isidlakathi umzulane esikuwo esisamukela elangeni.

## Izimo

Isidlakalasi esiphelele sesimiso singahlukaniswa ngezingcezu futhi sijinjwe ngokuthi isidlakathi, impekumpeku, noma izingxube zazo kokubili ngezindlela ezihlukene. Impekumpeku inqunywa ukuphekuza kwento - noma umdiki obumbene wezigcoyi zento - bese isidlakathi sona sikhwentuza amandla angaphakathi kwento wokuba nomdiki, futhi imvama siwumsebenzi wokuma kwento ngaphakathi enkundleni noma singagcinwa khona enkundleni ngokwayo.

## Umlando

Igama elithi *Isidlakalasi* liyibizo lesiZulu elisho "amandla, isiphoqi,"  futhi lihlobene eduze nelithi *isidlakadla* kanye nelithi *isidlakathi*, womabili anomqondo wempoqo noma amandla aqukethwe indikimba ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu onamandla nowasebenzisa ukunqoba abanye angabizwa ngesidlakathi noma isidlakadla, ngenxa yokuba namandla wokuphoqa abanye benze akufunayo.

Kumchazandalo, ekhulwini le-17, uGottfried Leibniz waphakamisa ibizo lesiLathini,, lapho ezama ukuchaza Isidlakalasi, waphakamisa isu lokuthi isidlakalasi singamandla aphilayo, siwumkhiqizo wesisindo sento ohlangene nesivinini esiphindwe kabili; futhi waveza nokuthi lamandla aphilayo alondiwe. Omunye owabhala ngaloludaba ekhulwini le-18 nguÉmilie du Châtelet, yena owaphakamisa isicabango sokulondwa kwesidlakathi.

U-Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis yena wachazisa impekumpeku *(kinetic energy)* ngonyaka we-1829 ngomqondo wanamuhla, futhi ngonyaka we-1853, uWilliam John Macquorn Rankine wabhala ngesidlakathi'.

## Umuvo wokulinganisa

## Imithombo
Imigwaqo eNingizimu Afrika

ENingizimu Afrika eminye imigwaqo ibekwa njengemizila enezinombolo yokusiza ekuzulazuleni. Kukhona uhlelo lokubala izinombolo ezweni lonke olunemizila kazwelonke, yesifundazwe neyesifunda, futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene zasemadolobheni kunezinhlelo zemigwaqo yamadolobha amakhulu. 

## Imigwaqo

Ohlelweni lukazwelonke lwezinombolo, imizila yehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: imizila kazwelonke, okuyizindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibandakanya amadolobha amakhulu; imizila yesifundazwe, exhuma amadolobha amancane namakhulu kunethiwekhi yomzila kazwelonke; nemizila yesifunda, exhuma amadolobha amancane kunethiwekhi yomgwaqo.

Izinombolo zemizila zinikezwe la makilasi ngokulandelayo:

* Imizila kazwelonke - N1 kuye N21 
* Imizila yesifundazwe - R21 kuya R99 
* Imizila yesifunda efanayo - R101 kuya R120 (Umzila wesifunda ohambisanayo uzoba namasegmenti emigwaqo phambilini obuyingxenye yomzila kazwelonke ongu-R1xy. I-Nxy eshintshwe yimigwaqo ethuthukisiwe) 
* Imizila yesifunda esifundazweni saseKapa sangaphambili: R300 kuya R499. 
* Imizila yesiFunda eSifundazweni sangaphambilini seTransvaal: R500 kuye R599 
* Imizila yesifunda KwaZulu-Natal: R600 kuye R699 
* Imizila yesifunda eFree State: R700 kuya R799

## Uhlu

### kazwelonke

## Imithombo
Vusi Malinga

**UVus'Umuzi Malinga** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 29 Okthoba 1979), owaziwa **ngelikaVusi Malinga**, ungumshayisibhakela osezingeni eliphezulu waseNingizimu Afrika.Usephonsele inselelo amahlandla amathathu ngesicoco somhlaba se-bantamweight, ngo-2009, 2012 nango-2013.

## Umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe

### Malinga vs. ISahaprom
Ngo-12 Juni 2008 uMalingo walwa nowayengumpetha womhlaba wesibili we-bantamweight uVeeraphol Sahaprom ekhipha ilungelo lokulwela isicoco somhlaba se- WBC futhi wawina nge-technical knockout.

### Malinga vs. Hasegawa
Ngo-12 Mashi 2009 uMalinga walwa noHozumi Hasegawa ebanga isicoco somhlaba se-WBC lapho ahlulwa khona ngomngqimuzo wobuchwepheshe. 

### Malinga vs. UDomingo
Ngo-30 Okthoba 2010 uMalinga walwa noMichael Domingo ekhipha ilungelo lokulwela ibhande lomhlaba le-IBF futhi wanqoba ngesinqumo esifanayo.

### Malinga vs. USanta Cruz
Ngo-2 Juni 2012 uMalinga walwa noLeo Santa Cruz wesicoco somhlaba esasingenamuntu se-IBF lapho ahlulwa khona ngazwi linye.Le mpi yasakazwa ku-Showtime. 

### Malinga vs. IHholo
Ngo-21 Disemba 2013 uMalinga walwa noStuart Hall ebanga isicoco se-IBF somhlaba esasingenamuntu wahlulwa ngesinqumo ngazwilinye.
Anna Kendrick

**U-Anna Cooke Kendrick** (owazalwa ngo-Ncwaba, 1985)  ungumlingisi nomculi waseMelika.Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomntwana emidlalweni yaseshashalazini. Indima yakhe yokuqala ukulingisa yayiku-1998 Broadway musical *High Society*, lapho athola khona ukuqokwa kwi- Tony Award ye-Best Featured Actress in a Musical .Wenza ifilimu yakhe yokuqala kumdlalo wamahlaya womculo *iCamp* (2003), waphakama wagqama ngendima ayidlalile *kwiThe Twilight Saga* (2008-2012).UKendrick uthole ukuqashelwa okuqhubekayo ngefilimu yamahlaya e- *Up in the Air* (2009), eyamenza waqokelwa umklomelo we- Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, kanye nendima yakhe ekulingiseni kuPitch Perfect film series (2012-17).
Inkosi

**Inkosi**  igama elaziwa kakhulu manje olimini isiZulu, lichaza umuntu noma isidalwa esisesikhundleni wsiphezulu ohlotsheni lwazo. Leli gama lisuselwa esenzweni esithi *khosela* esisho ukuba ngaphansi kokuthize. Inkosi iba yinkosi ngoba kukhona abakhosele ngaphansi kombuso, kobuholi noma kwendawo yayo. 

Uma selusebenza ebulilini besifazane kuthiwa **Inkosikazi.** Nokho ebulilini besifazane akusajwayelekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe leli ukusho umuntu osesikhundleni esilingana nesenkosi kodwa sekuhwayeleke elithi "Ndlovukazi". Isizathu salokho ingaba igama elithi inkosikazi lagcina selisetshenziswa kakhulu ukusho umuntu wesifazane oseganile owengamele umuzi.

= Ukuhlobana Nezinye izilimi =
Ngokuphimisa kwaleli gama kuyavela ukuhlobana kwesiZulu nezinye izilimi ikakhulukazi ezimangenzansi nezwekazi i-Afrika eziyiminxa yezilimi ezibizwa ngokuthi Izilimi zaBantu. 

Olimini isiTswana kuthiwa "Kgosi"

NgesiTsonga kuthiwa "Hosi"

NgesiSwati okuwulimi oluhlobene kakhulu nesiZulu leli gama ibizwa ngokufana kuthiwa "Inkosi"

Lokhu kuphimiseka kwegama elithi nkosi ngokufana noma ngokucishe kufane kufakazela ukuhlobana kwezilimi zaBantu ezisemazansi ne-Afrika.  

= Okunye ukusebenza kwalo =

## Ukulunga
Leli gama alisebenzi nje kuphela njengegama elichaza isikhundla sokukhoselisa. Ngenxa yokuceba nokunotha kolimi isiZulu siyalisebenzisa nalapho kuchazwa khona olungile noma omncane ngandlela ebabazisayo. Lokhu kusuke kuchaza ukuthi emkhakheni wokulunga lowo muntu usuke engaba inkosi kubo bonke ngenxa yokuba phambili kwakhe kuleso sici kuneningi labantu. 

## Kwezenkolo
Ukufika kwenkolo yebhayibheli KwaZulu kwasabalalisa ukusebenza kwaleli gama. Liyasetshenziswa nalapho kubizwa khona uNkulunkulu noma uMdali ngoba yena uyiNkosi enkulu eyangamele indalo yonke. 

Akufikanga kodwa lokho nenkolo yobuKrestu, yafika yona isivele inezelela ekusetshenzisweni kwalo leli gama. NakwaZulu uMdali ubebizwa ngenkosi futhi ihlonishwa indalo nemisebenzi yakhe. Lokho kuyavela nesesihloniphweni  esikhulunywayo kukhona indawo eshaywe umphezulu kwakuthiwa "kudlalele iNkosi" okusho ukuthi ngenxa yomshophi neshobolo elithize uMdali wehlisele umbani phezu kwaleyo ndawo.  

Esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal kunzinze enye yezinkolo ezinkulu kwezasungulwa e-Afrika inkolo yobuNazaretha. Le nkolo iyalisebenzisa igama elithi "nkosi" lapho ibiza abaholi abayiholayo.   

Singeyilibale inqubo endala eyaziwayo lapha e-Afrika yobungoma, izangoma uma zibiza amathongo nomoya ozembethi ziwubiza ngokuthi "amakhosi". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le mimoya sisuke isangoma isuswa iyo okuyenza ibe amakhosi kuso. Kukhona nokulandisa okwehlukile okuthi amakhosi uhlobo oluthile lwamadlozi noma amathongo okungesizo zonke izangoma ezembethwe iwo.     

## Abantu abaphethe noma abake bathwala isihloko

* Albert Lutuli
* Mandla Mandela
* UGeorge Matanzima
* UKaiser Matanzima
* Qaqambile Matanzima
* UFalo Mgudlwa
* Mangosuthu Buthelezi

## Bhekafuthi

* Induna
Mandla Mandela

**UZwelivelile "Mandla" Mandela**, iLungu lePhalamende (owazalwa ngomhlaka 21 Juni 1974) uyinduna yesizwe soMkhandlu Wendabuko waseMvezo futhi ungumzukulu wesithunzi uNelson Mandela.Uphothule eRhodes University ngeziqu zePolitiki ngo-2007. 

## Ukulandelana ebukhosini
Uyise, uMakgatho Mandela, ushone ngo-2005, okwamhlahlela indlela yokuba yinhloko yobukhosi. Njengoba lesi sizwe singazange sixoxe ngokukhetha ilungu lomndeni wakwaMandela kuze kube ngu-2007, wakhethwa .UNelson Mandela wayelahle ilungelo lomholi wabaThembu cishe eminyakeni engama-70 ngaphambi kokulwa nokubusa kwabamhlophe eNingizimu Afrika.Ngenkathi isizwe manje sesibheke kuye ukuthi abuye athole isihloko sakhe, waphakamisa ukuthi umzukulu wakhe athathe le ndima.Lapho Mandela abasebasha baba abakhulu ngo-2007, eneminyaka engu-32 kuphela ubudala futhi iningi imisebenzi yakhe Kwakuthiwa ukubandakanya emikhosini tribal, lokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi amalungu emindeni, futhi ezimele esizweni ezindabeni zezombusazwe.

## Umsebenzi kanye nemfundo
UMandela ubeyilungu lephalamende le- African National Congress kusukela okhethweni lwango-2009.

Ngaphambi kokulandela kwakhe sobukhosi kanye nokukhethwa kwakhe ephalamende, wayefunda eWaterford Kamhlaba, i- United World College eSwaziland (manje eyi-Eswatini), kwaze kwaba ngu-1995.
N1

I-N1 yindlela kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika esuka eKapa idlula eBloemfontein, eGoli, ePitoli nasePolokwane iya eBeit Bridge emngceleni weZimbabwe. Yakha isigaba sokuqala seKapa lodumo kuya kuCairo Road.

## Imithombo
N2

U-N2 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eKapa udlule eGqeberha, East London, Mthatha naseThekwini uye e-Ermelo. Umgwaqo omkhulu omkhulu ogudla ugu lwe-Indian Ocean ezweni. 

## Imithombo
N3

I-N3 ingumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika oxhuma iGoli neTheku, ngokulandelana amadolobha amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika futhi elesithathu ngobukhulu. IGoli liyisizinda sezimali nezentengiselwano eNingizimu Afrika, kuyilapho iTheku liyitheku elisemqoka laseNingizimu Afrika futhi lingenye yamachweba amatasa kakhulu eSeningizimu Nenkabazwe futhi liyindawo yamaholide. ITheku liyitheku lapho iGoli lingenisa futhi lithumele khona impahla yalo eningi. Ngenxa yalokho, u-N3 umgwaqo omkhulu omatasa kakhulu futhi unethrafikhi ephezulu. 

## Imithombo
N4

U-N4 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eSkilpadshek emngceleni weBotswana, udlule eRustenburg, ePitoli, eMalahleni naseMbombela, uye eKomatipoort emngceleni weMozambique.

## Imithombo
N5

I-N5 ingumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika oxhuma u-N1 eWinburg no-N3 eHarrismith, udlule eSenekal, Paul Roux naseBethlehem.

## Imithombo
N6

U-N6 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika oxhumanisa i-East London neBloemfontein, odlula eKomani naseMaletswai. Ihamba cishe ukusuka enyakatho iye eningizimu, ixhumanisa uN1 no-N2.

## Imithombo
N7

I-N7 ingumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eKapa ubheke enyakatho udabule izifunda zaseNtshonalanga noNamaqualand uye emngceleni weNamibia eVioolsdrif.

## Imithombo
N8

U-N8 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika oxhumanisa iGroblershoop (eningizimu ne-Upington) neMaseru eLesotho udlula eKimberley naseBloemfontein. Igcinwa yi-South African National Roads Agency.

## Imithombo
N9

I-N9 iyindlela kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika exhumanisa iGeorge no-N1 eColesberg, edlula eGraaff-Reinet naseMiddelburg.

## Imithombo
N10

U-N10 ungumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika ohlanganisa iPort Elizabeth ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Kapa nomngcele waseNamibia eNakop, odlula eCradock, eDe Aar nase-Upington.

## Imithombo
N11

I-N11 yindlela kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika esuka emngceleni weBotswana eGroblersbrug, idlule eMokopane, Middelburg, Ermelo naseNewcastle iphele kuN3 ngemuva nje kwaseMnambithi. 

## Imithombo
N12

U-N12 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eGeorge udlule eBeaufort West, Kimberley, Klerksdorp naseGoli uya eMalahleni.

## Imithombo
N14

U-N2 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eKapa udlule eGqeberha, East London, Mthatha naseThekwini uye e-Ermelo. Umgwaqo omkhulu omkhulu ogudla ugu lwe-Indian Ocean ezweni. 

## Imithombo
WhatsApp

I-WhatsApp Messenger, noma i-WhatsApp nje, iyi-freeware yaseMelika, i-cross-platform centralized messaging (IM) ne-voice-over-IP (VoIP) yesevisi ephethwe i-Facebook, Inc.
IPhone

I-iPhone ilayini wama-Smartphones aklanywe futhi athengiswa yi-Apple Inc. asebenzisa uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-Apple lwe-Apple. I-iPhone yesizukulwane sokuqala yamenyezelwa ngowayengumphathi we-Apple uSteve Jobs ngoJanuwari 9, 2007. Kusukela lapho u-Apple ukhiphe minyaka yonke izinhlobo ezintsha ze-iPhone nezibuyekezo ze-iOS. Kusukela ngoNovemba 1, 2018, sekuthengiswe ama-iPhones angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-2.2.
Vodacom

**Vodacom Group Limited** (esebenza njengeVodacom) yinkampani yezokuxhumana yaseNingizimu Afrika, enikezela ngezwi, imiyalezo, idatha kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe kumakhasimende angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-55. Ukusuka ezimpandeni zayo eNingizimu Afrika, iVodacom ikhulise ukusebenza kwayo ukufaka amanethiwekhi eTanzania, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iMozambique, neLesotho, futhi inikezela ngezinsizakalo zebhizinisi kumakhasimende emazweni angaphezu kwama-32 ase-Afrika, kubandakanya iNigeria, iZambia, i-Angola, iKenya , EGhana, eCôte d'Ivoire, naseCameroon.

## Bhekafuthi
* MTN
* Cell C
* Telkom

## Imithombo
MTN

**MTN Group Limited**, phambilini eyayiyiM-Cell, iyinkampani yezokuxhumana yezingcingo yamazwe omhlaba yaseNingizimu Afrika, esebenza emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika nase-Asia. Indlunkulu yalo iseGoli. Kusukela ngoDisemba 2020, abakwaMTN baqopha ababhalisile abayizigidi ezingama-280, okwenza kwaba yinkampani yesishiyagalombili yenethiwekhi yeselula emhlabeni, futhi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika.

## Bhekafuthi
* Vodacom
* Cell C
* Telkom

## Imithombo
Cell C

**Cell C Limited** (Cell ©) isebenza njengomqhubi weselula eNingizimu Afrika.

## Bhekafuthi
* Vodacom
* MTN
* Telkom

## Imithombo
N18

U-N18 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eWarrenton udlule eVryburg naseMahikeng uye eRamatlabama emngceleni neBotswana.

## Imithombo
Telkom

**Telkom SA SOC Limited** ingumhlinzeki wezingcingo nezingcingo ezingenazintambo zaseNingizimu Afrika, esebenza emazweni angaphezu kwama-38 ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. AbakwaTelkom banabaningi njengoba kungamabhizinisi kahulumeni angama-39%.

## Bhekafuthi
* MTN
* Vodacom
* Cell C

## Imithombo
N17

U-N17 ngumzila kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrika osuka eGoli uye e-Oshoek (Ngwenya) emngceleni wase-Eswatini. Idlula eSprings, eBethal nase-Ermelo.

## Imithombo
Ntando Kebe

**UNtando Lucky Kebe** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 19 Agasti 1988) ungumdlali wezinyunyana waseNingizimu Afrika, osanda kudlala umbhoxo wasekhaya weCurrie Cup ne IBorder Bulldogs neSuper Rugby enezimpawu ze- Amakhosi aseNingizimu.Isikhundla sakhe esijwayelekile yi-scrum-half.

## Umsebenzi

### Intsha
Ubemele iqembu lakhe lendawo IBorder Bulldogs emqhudelwaneni we-Under-19 Provincial Championship ka-2007 nasezingeni lika-Under-21 ngo-2007, 2008 nango-2009.

## Izidakamizwa zivinjelwe
Ngomhlaka 1 Mashi 2016, uKebe wahlinzeka ngesampula yomchamo owawungaphandle komncintiswano, owahlola kahle ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezinqatshelwe i- stanozolol, futhi wabekwa icala ngokusemthethweni lokwephula umthetho wokulwa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngomhlaka 2 Agasti 2017.Walivuma icala, ethi lowo owayesebenza naye uMonde Hadebe wamnika isengezo esasineziqu, futhi wathola ukuvinjelwa iminyaka emibili kusukela ngomhlaka 7 Julayi 2016.UKebe wethule ukuphikisana nalesi sinqumo, lapho isigungu sokwedlulisa isinqumo sanquma ukuthi ukuvalwa kwakhe kufanele kuguqulwe kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuye eminyakeni emine, uKebe evunyelwe ukubuyela embhoxweni ngomhla ka-8 Julayi 2020.
WWE

**IWorld Wrestling Entertainment, Inc.**, d / b / a **WWE**, yinkampani yemidiya nezokuzijabulisa edidiyelwe yaseMelika eyaziwa kakhulu nge- wrestling yobungcweti.I-WWE iphinde yahlangana neminye imikhakha, kufaka phakathi ama-movie, ibhola, kanye namanye amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene.

Igama le-WWE libuye lisho ukukhuthazwa kwe-wrestling uqobo, okwasungulwa ngo-1953 njengeCapitol Wrestling Corporation . Kungukuphakanyiswa kwe-wrestling okukhulu kunakho konke emhlabeni, ophethe imicimbi ebukhoma engaphezu kuka-450 ngonyaka, nohlu luhlukaniswe kakhulu lwaba yimikhiqizo emithathu ehamba emhlabeni wonke, futhi luyatholakala emakhaya ayizigidi ezingama-900 emhlabeni wonke ngezilimi ezingama-28.Indlunkulu yomhlaba wonke yale nkampani iseStamford, Connecticut, inamahhovisi eNew York, eLos Angeles, eLondon, eMexico City, eMumbai, eShanghai, eSingapore, eDubai, eMunich naseTokyo.

## Izinkomba
WWE Raw

***I-WWE Raw***, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- ***Monday Night Raw*** noma i- ***Raw*** nje, wuhlelo lwethelevishini oluphambili lwaseMelika olwenziwa yi- WWE njengamanje olusakazwa bukhoma njalo ngoMsombuluko ngo-8pm ET e- USA Network e-United States.Umbukiso uqukethe abalingiswa bohlobo lweRaw, lapho abasebenzi beWWE babelwe ukusebenza nokwenza.Umbukiso wavela ngoJanuwari 11, 1993 kanti njengamanje uthathwa njengomunye wemibukiso emibili ehamba phambili, kanye *neLwesihlanu Night SmackDown.*NgoSepthemba 2000, *uRaw* wasuka e-USA Network waya ku-TNN,owabuyela ku- Spike TV ngo-Agasti 2003.Ngo-Okthoba 3, 2005, *uRaw* wabuyela e-USA Network, lapho isekhona nanamuhla.I- WWE Network iyekile ukusebenza e-United States kusukela ngo-Ephreli 5, 2021, ngakho konke okuqukethwe kuyiswa ku- Peacock TV, njengamanje *eneziqephu eziningi ze-Raw*, ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okwakucatshangelwa noma kwasuswa umnyango wezindinganiso nemikhuba ye-Peacock TV.Iziqephu zakamuva zisatholakala ekubukweni okufunekayo ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kosuku lokuqala lomoya.

*isithombe saphambili se-WWE Raw..*
WWE NXT

***I-WWE NXT***, eyaziwa nangokuthi ***uLwesibili Night NXT*** noma i- ***NXT*** nje, wuhlelo lwethelevishini lobuchwepheshe . It ikhiqizwa yi-American lochwepheshe wrestling ukukhuthazwa WWE, obonisa abadlali kusukela ukukhuthazwa sika NXT brand division . Umbukiso njengamanje udlala bukhoma ngoLwesibili ngo-8 ebusuku ET ku- USA Network.

*I-NXT* iqale ukuvela ku-2010 njengombukiso wesizini owethulwe njenge-hybrid phakathi kwemibukiso yemicimbi ebukhoma yeWWE nethelevishini yangempela, lapho ithalente elivela endaweni ethuthukisa iWWE yaseFlorida Championship Wrestling (FCW) labamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wokuba "inkanyezi yokuphuma" elandelayo yeWWE, ngosizo lwabeluleki abavela kwimikhiqizo yeWWE's Raw and SmackDown. Kwasakazwa izinkathi ezinhlanu zalokhu kushaywa, kwathi uWade Barrett, uKaval, uKaitlyn noJohnny Curtis bamenyezelwa njengabaphumelele.

NgoJuni 2012, iWWE iqede ifomethi yokuncintisana kwesizini futhi yakhetha ukuvuselela lo mbukiso.I*-WWE NXT* yaba ngumbukiso wethelevishini ohamba phambili womkhiqizo we-NXT, futhi selokhu wathola ukwamukelwa okuhle nokubukwa okuphezulu, ngokuncoma ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-wrestling nezindaba ezihehayo.Abaningi babheka i- *NXT njengophakeme kunombukiso we-* WWE. 

Uhlobo lokuqala lombukiso lwaqala ukuvela kuSyfy ngoFebhuwari 23, 2010, esikhundleni se- *ECW*, kepha kwafakwa *iSmackDown* ngo-Okthoba.Yabe isisakazwa njenge- webcast yehora ngehora kuWWE.com e-United States kuze kube nguJuni 13, 2012, ngaphambi kokuba inwetshwe ibe izimakethe zomhlaba jikelele kwiWWE Network ngo-2014.Ku-2019, i- *NXT* yanda yaba uhlelo lwamahora amabili bukhoma ku-USA Network.

## Umlando

### Ukwakheka
NgoFebhuwari 2, 2010, uSihlalo weWWE uVince McMahon wamemezela ukuthi uhlelo olusha lwamasonto onke luzongena esikhundleni se- *ECW* ekhanseliwe ngesikhathi sayo eSyfy.UMcMahon uchaze lo mbukiso ngokuthi "ukuvela okulandelayo kweWWE; ukuvela okulandelayo komlando wethelevishini".

## Ingqikithi yomculo
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 20, 2021, ingoma esemthethweni yetimu ye- *NXT* ithi "Say Cheese" nguPoppy, eyaqala ukwenziwa kuNXT TakeOver: Stand &amp;amp; Deliver.

Ekuthomeni kwayo kwasekuqaleni, iculo laseMelika i-Bang "Wild and Young" belisetshenziselwe isizini ngayinye ngaphandle kwesithathu.Ngesikhathi sesizini yesithathu, ingoma yokuqala yetimu bekuthi " You Make the Rain Fall " nguKevin Rudolf." Vices futhi Virtues " by Art of Dying elalibuye libe bumper umculo ngesikhathi sokuqala zonyaka ezinhlanu umbukiso.