open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ukwakhiwa kwama Boarding School esifundazweni sase Mpumalanga

**UHulumeni** ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isifundazwe sase Mpumalanga  ngokubambisane nabezoMnyango Wezemfundo ekutheni kwakhiwe ama *boarding school* endaweni yasemakhaya. Kuze kube yimanje esifundazweni sase Mpumalanga sithola ama boarding school amahlanu, i-Shongwe, Izimbali, Ezakheni, Emakhazeni kanye ne Steve Tshwete.

## Imbangela yokwakhiwa kwalezi zikole.
Lezi zikole ziyingxenye yemizamo kaHulumeni yokuqinisekisa imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu kubafundi abavela ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nalabo abaphuma emakhaya ampofu. Kulezi zikole uthola imfundo yamahhala kanti futhi bayaqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukudla kwamahhala indawo yokufihla ikhanda kanye nomfanekiswano wesikole.Ukutholakala kwalezi zikole i-Izimbali itholakala endaweni yase Amsterdam lapho sithola umphakathi wabalimi oseduze nomngcele waseSwazini. Cishe i-133 yama khilometha kude ne Bucolic Wakkestroom kukhona enye yama *boarding school*  i-Ezakheni.i-Shongwe yona itholakala endaweni yase Driekopies ngaphansi kwamasipala wase Nkomazi.i-Steve Tshwete yona iyi-boarding school yesihlanu eyavulwa esifundazweni saseMpumalanga itholakala esigodini sase Somaphepha ngaphansi komasipala wase Tshwete.Siphinde sithole eyokugcina i-Emakhazeni lesisikole sitholakala ngaphansi kwamasipala waseMakhazeni.

## IZINKOMBA
Inyanga Yabantu besifazane

**Inyanga yabantu besifazane** eNingizimu Afrika igujwa ngenyanga yesiShiyaga  Lombili mhla zi 09 kuNcwaba minyaka yonke lokhu kukhombisa ukubalela kwabo ekubambeni iqhaza ngesikhathi kulelwa inkululeka. Kulenyanga iNingizimu Afrika ikhombisa ukubalela kwabo ibanikeze amandla abafanele, babefake isandla nabo okulweleni inkululeka kanye nokuvikele bebe namandla okuzi sebenzela ngaphandle kokuphiwa kodwa bazenzele bona ngokwabo bedla izithukuthuku zabo. Abantu Besifazane baziwa njengabantu abazithandayo, abanamandla, abanakekelayo futhi abane mfudumalo yingakhoke iNingizimu afrika ibanikeza ithuba lokhu sigubhe inyanga yaba bengaziboni besa cindezelekile kodwa bezizwe bebalulekile.

## Ababelwela [[Amalungelo abantu|Amalungelo]] Abantu Besizafazane

Inzala bantu yoMzansi Afrika inomama abafane nomama Nkosazane Winnie Mandela kanye nomama Albertiner Sisulu abangasekho emhlabene baziwa njengabantu ababe bambe iqhaza elikhu ekulweleni amalungelo abantu eNingizimu Afrika jikelele, nabanye abaningi iNingizimu  Afrika ayisoze yawadla amandla abantu besifazane futhi kufanele sibaqhakazise futhi sibahloniphe ngendlela ebafanele nenesizotha lenyanga uNcwaba kufanele siqhubeke siyihloniphe kube nendlela ezoqhubeka iqhakambise ukubaluleka , futhi kufanele kufundiswe netsha yase Ningizimu Afrika kuze iyoqhubeka njalo kwazise inkunzi isematholen.

## '''Izinkomba'''
The United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, What are human rights?. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

Amalungelo abantu#cite note-twsUnitedNations-3

James Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Human Rights. Retrieved 14 August 2014
Ukumoshakala kwezindli zezakamizi yakwaZulu Natal

Isifundazwe sa**[[IKwaZulu-Natali|kwaZulu Natal]]** isifunda esinemandla ngokwezimo sezulu. Unyaka nonyaka kuhlale kunezikhukhula ezidala ukuthi kumoshakale izindlu ezingini zezakhamizi yalesifundazwe. Ngonyaka ondlule endaweni yase**Thekwini** kube nezikhukhula ezaholela ukuthi kumoshakale izinto eziningi. Baningi abantu abafa kanti nezindlu zamosheka. U-**[[Ayanda Msweli]]** umnumzane osesebenze kakhulu ebambisene nezakhamizi zakulesi sifundaze.

Simubonile akhuthaza inkonzo yebhakede, lapho abantu benikela imali ukuzama ukusiza laba abasuke bemoshakalelwe izindlu zabo. Uyake ahambe ndawo zonke zalesifundazwe ashumayela indaba yebhakade. Ubaba Msweli usedlale iqhaza ekushintsheni izimpilo zabantu kulesifundazwe ebambiswe i**Ningizimu Afrika** yonkani.
Ukubaluleka kokufunda Izincwadi

**Ukufunda izincwadi** kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kukwenza nomqondo ukhaliphe futhi uhlezi unomdlandla ngaso sonke isikhathi, esinsukwini zamanje liyakhula noma selikhule kakhulu izinga labafundi bezincwadi okubalwa nabafundi bamaNoveli, amaBhuku,iPhephandaba njalo njalo.Ongoti bezemfundo balithokozele kakhulu lelizinga lokukhula kwabantu abafunda kakhulu izincwadi ngoba phambilini isibalo sabantu abafunda izincwadi kuleli besiphansi ngamazinga amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nakwamanye amazwe.

## Iqhaza Elibanjwe uNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo
**UNgqongqoshe** wezemfundo uMnumzana Blade Nzimande ukuvezile nokuthi omakhalekukhwini besimanje nabo banomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezinga lokundwa kwezincwadi,sekukancane uthole umuntu ephethe incwadi,ibhuku,inoveli ngesandla kunalokho abantu bancamela ukuthi befunde bephethe omakhalekhukhwini. Ukufunda izincwadi kwenza nomqondo usabalale wazi konke okwenzeka ezweni jikelele, kukwenza uhlezi amasu noma amacebo amasha ngasosonke isikhathi. Omunye ukuvezile nokuthi kuyasiqeda isizungu nomzwangedwa kuphinde kudlale indima enkulu ekwakhiweni ikusasa eliqhakazile.

## Izithenjwa
Ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwebele ukufundisa ezikoleni

Ulimi luthathwa njengesikhali esibaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Ngaphandle kwalelithuluzi bekungeke kube khona ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ezweni lonke jikelele. Usozilimi wase Melika u Don Evrett (2017) uthi yiso lesi sikhali esiwulimi esenza isidalwa esingumuntu sehluke kwezinye ngoba sona siyakhuluma futhi siyacabanga bese senza, sigunyazwa ulimi. Uchaza ulimi njengobuchwepheshe obasungulwa ngumuntu ukwenza impilo ibelula. Kunemithetho nemigomo yolimi okumelwe ilandelwe ukuze ulimi luzwakale, luqondwe yilabo abalusebenzisayo. Le mithetho nemigomo iyisizinda sokuqonda nokuzwana phakathi kwalabo abasebenzisa ulimi. Ulimi luncike kakhulu kwezosiko kanye nezenkolo, ngoba ngolimi lolo umuntu asuke elukhuluma siyakwazi ukuthi sidalule uhlanga kanye nesizwe asuke evela kusona. Kunungi futhi umuntu angakhuthola uma kubhekwa ulimi olusetshenziswa ngumuntu, okungaba iminyaka kanye nobulili.

## '''Ukuhleleka Kolimi'''
Ngokocwaningo kugcizelelwa ukuba abafundi balandele imithetho nemigomo yolimi ukuze balukhulume futhi balubhale kahle. Ulimi lunemikhakha ehlukene elandelayo, isayensi yolimi, kanye nomkhakha wemisindo yolimi. Isayensi yolimi ingumkhakha lapho ulimi lucwaningwa luhlaziywe khona ngezindima noma ngemikhakha ulimi oluhlukaniswa ngayo ngoSozilimi (linguists). Ulimi kumele lwaziwe kabanzi ukuma kwalo (structure) nokusetshenziswa kwalo. U Emma Pavey (2017) uchaza kabanzi mayelana nokuhleleka lolimi olutholakala noma oluvela uma umuntu enkulumeni yomuntu, uthi lokhu kuhleleka kuyazenzakalela ngaphandle kwenhloso futhi yikho okudala ukuthi sikwazi ukubona amaphutha asuke enziwa ngomunye umuntu uma ekhuluma noma ebhala.

## '''Imithombo'''
Izilimi zomdabu

ukungasetshenziswa kwezilimi zomdabu ezikoleni kunesikhala esikhulu esenzeka ezikoleni lapho khona abafundi befundiswa ukwazi kuphela **ulimi** lwabo lwebele kanye nolimi lwesi**Ngisi**, lokhu kubangela umthelela omubi empilweni yomfundi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. lapho khona umfundi esezithola engakwazi ukuthi axhumane nhttps://www.pansalb.org/zu/home-isizulu/abanye abafundi ngolunye ulimi ngoba wazi ulimi lwakhe lwasekhaya. Lenkinga babhekana nayo kakhulu emazingeni aphezulu emfundo. Abafundi bathi kumele baze basebenzise ulwimi lwesiNgisi ukuze bezokwazi ukuxhumana nabanye abafundi abangakhulumi ulimi olulodwa nabo. Lokho kubulala izilimi zomdabu ukuthi zingathuthuki kodwa kuthuthuke kakhulu ulwimi lwesiNgisi kanti ukube izilimi zomdabu siyazithola emabangeni aphansi emfundo ngabe kunomthelela omuhle kakhulu buka nje indawo yaKwaZulu-Natal ulimi olusetshenziswayo kakhulu ezikoleni ulwimi **lwesiZulu**.

## '''Umthelela wokungazazi izilimi zomdabu esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal'''
Ukungafundiswa kwezilimi zomdabu ezikole za KwaZulu-Natal kunomthelela omubi ngoba abafundi bakhona uma sebeyofundela imisebenzi kwezinye izifundazwe babhekena nenkinga yokuthi bazithola bengazazi ezinye izilimi futhi kunzima ukuthi basheshe bezifunde. Ngoba ngalesikhathi ulimi lusetshenziswa kakhulu ilapho khona lukhula khona kanti uma lingasetshenziswa luyafa alundlondlobali laziwe abantu abaningi. Sibonge inhlanagano yebhodi yezolimi i PanSALB ukuthi isungulwe ukuze izokwazi ukuthi igqugquzele ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi zomdabu kuyo yonke indawo e Ningizimu  Afrika ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zika**Hulumeni** ukuze kuzobonakala ukubaluleka kwezilimi zomdabu.

## '''imithombo'''
UbuJuda

UbuJuda (kusuka esiHebheru: יהדות‎) inkolo engukukholwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa futhi yindlela yokuphila nesiko labantu abangamaJuda emiphakathini ehlukene emhlabeni jikelele. UbuJuda basendulo inguquko yenkolo yeBhayibheli okuthiwa yaqala lapho uNkulunkulu enza isivumelwano nabantu abangamaJuda (noma abantu bakwa-Israyeli). Izincwadi eziyisisekelo zobuJuda yiTorah, iTanakh, iTalmud, neMishnah. U-Abrahama uthathwa njengowokuqala wamaJuda futhi njengoyise wabantu abangamaJuda. Umbuso wabantu abangamaJuda wamiswa ngaphansi kukaSawule namakhosi uDavide noSolomoni, neJerusalema yaba inhlokodolobha yawo. Ngemva kokubusa kukaSolomoni, lesi sizwe sahlukaniswa saba imibuso emibili: uMbuso wakwa-Israyeli (enyakatho) noMbuso wakwaJuda (eningizimu). Ngesikhathi seNkathi Ephakathi, kwaqala ukuhlakazeka kwabantu abangamaJuda, kanye nokuzondwa kwamaSemite njengendlela yokushushiswa ngokwenkolo nokubekwa emijondolo. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ngaphansi kobuzinasi, kwenzeka okukodwa kokushushiswa okukhulu kakhulu kwabantu abangamaJuda, okwaziwa ngokuthi iHolocaust.

Umphakathi WamaJuda eNingizimu Afrika
Umphakathi WamaJuda eNingizimu Afrika

Izwe laseNingizimu Afrika linezizinda ezahlukene zabantu abangamaJuda, ezisukela emadolobheni amakhulu njengeGoli, iKapa, neTheku, kuya emadolobheni amancane njengeGqeberha. Imiphakathi yamaJuda ihlukene ngezigaba ezahlukene, kusuka kubu-Orthodox kuya kubu-Reform, futhi inezinhlangano ezahlukene ezikhuthaza ukuphila kwamaJuda, imfundo, nezemidlalo. Imiphakathi eminingi inama-synagogue ahlukene, izikole zamaJuda, kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi ezibonelela ngezifundo zenkolo, isiko, nezilimi ezibalulekile ezifana nesiHebheru. Lezi zikhungo zibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuhlanganiseni nasekukhuliseni umphakathi wamaJuda eNingizimu Afrika.

Umphakathi wamaJuda eNingizimu Afrika waziwa ngokuba nomthelela omkhulu kwezamabhizinisi, ezepolitiki, nasemphakathini jikelele. Amanye amalungu alo mphakathi abambe izikhundla eziphezulu ezingeni likahulumeni, futhi abanye bathole udumo ngeqhaza labo ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Imindeni eminingi engamaJuda yaseNingizimu Afrika idabuka eMpumalanga Yurophu, emazweni afana neLithuania nasePoland, lapho ihlangabezana nokubandlululwa kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zomphakathi ngaphambi kokufudukela eNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kufuduka kanye nokuzinza kwabantu kwathatha isikhathi eside, futhi kwakubhekwa njengokubalulekile ekwakheni izisekelo zomphakathi wamaJuda kuleli zwe.

Yize umphakathi wamaJuda eNingizimu Afrika uncane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, uphila futhi uyahluma. Imicimbi eminingi yamasiko eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke, efana neChanukah kanye nePassover, ibhiyozelwa ngobukhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Izikhungo zomphakathi zifana neSouth African Jewish Board of Deputies (SAJBD) neSouth African Zionist Federation (SAZF), ezidlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni nasekukhuthazeni amalungelo nezintshisekelo zomphakathi wamaJuda. Lokhu kubonisa ukuzibophezela okujulile ekugcineni izimpande zenkolo yesiJuda kanye nokusimama kobuqotho bayo eNingizimu Afrika.
UMnyango weNzululwazi Ezobuchwepheshe NoCandululo

**UMnyango weNzululwazi, Ezobuchwepheshe nokuCandulula**  ngumnyango kahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika owengamele ucwaningo lwenzululwazi, okuhlanganisa nezinhangano yezomkhathi. UNgqongqoshe owuphethe njengamanje nguBlade Nzimande . 

Umsebenzi omningi womnyango wenziwa ngezinhlangano ezihlukene cishe ezizimele (nakuba kusayizinhlaka zikahulumeni) ezihlanganisa lezi: 

* Inhlangano kaZwelonke yoCwaningo(National Research Foundation), ethola ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali somnyango ukuze yenze imisebenzi eyahlukene yokweseka ucwaningo, okuhlanganisa nokweseka ingqalasizinda yocwaningo lukazwelonke ebalulekile ("IziNsiza Zokucwaningo Kazwelonke"), ukuphathwa kwezibonelelo zocwaningo lwenzululwazi kanye nohlelo lwezibonelelo zabafundi;
* uMkhandlu Wocwaningo lweNzululwazi nolwezimboni, osebenza njengesikhungo esingasese socwaningo nentuthuko esihlozinge ngokukhethekile ocwaningweni lokusetshenziswa kwezezimboni;
* Inhlangano yoCandululo lwezobuChwepheshe (*Technology Innovation Agency*), ehlinzeka ngoxhaso lwezimali ukuze ucwaningo luphendulwe imikhiqizo yezentengiselwano;
* INhlangano Kazwelonke YaseNingizimu Afrika Yezomkhathi (South African National Space Agency), ehlanganisa ucwaningo oluhlobene nomkhathi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa;
* Umkhandlu woCwaningo lweNzululwazi ngabantu (Human Sciences Research Council), ohlozinge ocwaningweni lwayo ngempilo yabantu nezifo.
* ISADiLaR
Umakoti

**Umakoti** ngumuntu wesifazane osezoshada noma osanda kushada .

Lapho kwenziwa umgcagco, lowo ozoba umyeni kamakoti, ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi *umkhwenyana* noma *umkhonyana* nje . Ngokwesiko laseNtshona, umakoti angase ahanjelwe yimpelesi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kanjalo nangokwesintu, umakoti uphelezelwa izimpelesi.

Igama elithi "umakoti" lisuka egameni lesiLala, okuwulimi olwalukhulunywa eNingizimu nakwaZulu. NgesiLala kuthiwa "**uMakhoti**".
Umchachiso wokwaziswa

**Umchachiso wokwaziswa** uwucwaningo lomchazazibalo lokungakanisa, ukuqoqonga, nokuxhumana kokwaziswa . Lo mkhakha wasungulwa futhi wagxiliswa  nguClaude Shannon ngeminyaka yowe-1940,  nakuba iminikelo yokuqala yenziwa ngeminyaka yowe-1920 ngemisebenzi kaHarry Nyquist noRalph Hartley . Usempambanweni yomngcikisho wengabazuba, umchazazibalo, izibalomininingo, inzululwazi yesicikizi, umchazazinzwa, umchazandalo, nomngcikisho wamazuba .  

Isilinganiso esiyinhloko kumchachiso wokwaziswa isigubukani . Isigubukani singakanisa inani lobuqhashiya elihilelekile enanini lesihwexu esithukelayo noma umphumela womdludlungu othukelayo. . Isibonelo, ukuhlonza umphumela okugobqoloza kohleza (okunemiphumela emibili elinganayo) kuhlinzeka ngokwaziswa okuncane (isigubukani esiphansi, ubuqhashiya obuncane) kunokuhlonza umphumela ovela ohlwini lwenkatho (enemiphumela eyisithupha elinganayo). Ezinye izilinganiso ezibalulekile kumchachiso yokwaziswa, ziwukwaziswa okufanayo, umthamo womgudu, ama-exponents amaphutha, kanye nesigubukani esicakathene . Imikhakha engaphansi ebalulekile yomchachiso wokwaziswa ihlanganisa  umkitizo, umchachiso wenkiya yomkholezima, umchachiso wokwaziswa womkholezima kanye nelondo kokwaziswa komchachiso .

Ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko eziyisisekelo zonchachisi wokwaziswa zihlanganisa ukukitiza/ukubhuthaza imininingo (isb. kumahele e-ZIP ), nenguqukezelo yomgudu/ ukuhlongwa kwamaphutha nokuwalungisa (isb ku- DSL ). Umthelela wawo ube obalulekile empumelelweni yokuthunywa kwe -Voyager emajukujukwini omkhathi, ukuqanjwa kwendingilizi ewucwecwe, impumelelo kamakhalekhukhwini kanye nokuthuthukiswa koxhakaxholo.  Umchachiso wathola ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindima, okuhlanganisa ukuchazwa kwezibalomininingo,  umchazanyandla, umchazazinzwa,  intshwayo,  ukudludlungwa kwesiyabizo,  izilimi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo  kanye nomsebenzi  wamakhodi wamangqamuzana ( i-bioinformatics ),  umchazandalo womchadamezo,  isidlakalsi semizwayi,  iziGwinqa, ukucikiza ngohoyana, ukulanda ukwaziswa, ukuqoqwa kobuhlakani, ukutholwa kokukopela,  ukuqashelwa kwephethini, ukutholwa okungaqondakali,  ukuhlaziywa komculo,   ukudala ubuciko,  ukuklama uhlelo lokucabanga, ngisho ne  nomchazalwazi .
UMsunduzi

**UMsunduzi** ungasho lokhu okungenzansi:

* UMfula uMsunduzi, oKwaZulu-Natal
* UMasipala Wendawo waseMsunduzi, oqanjwe ngomfula
Isiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa

Isiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa (isiNgisi: *National Prosecuting Authority*, ngokufushane: i-NPA) iyisikhungo sikaHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika esiphenya futhi esishushisa amacala eNingizimu Afrika. I-NPA isungulwe nguMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika ngezi-1996. Futhi, iPhalamende laseNingizumu Afrika ishaya Umthetho wePhalamende wesi-32 ka-1998 weSiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa ukuchaza nokwandisa amandla nomsenbenzi wayo. Umholi weNPA nguMqondisi kaZwelonke wezokuShushiswa womPhakathi, okwamanje ngu-Shamila Batohi. Umqondisi kaZwelonke uqokwa nguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika ukuphatha iminyaka eyishumi. Ilunga legatsha lokuphatha elibhekane nezindaba ezihambelana ne-NPA nguNgqongqoshe woBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo. Iziqonga zonke zeNkantolo ePhezulu yaseNingizimu Afrika zinoMqondisi wezokuShushiswa komPhakathi osebenze njengomphathamandla wendawo engaphansi kwalesosigaba seNkatolo ePhezulu mayelana zobulungiswa.

## Ubuholi
Inhloko nomholi we-NPA nguMqondisi kaZwelonke wezokuShushiswa womPhakathi. Uqokwa nguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika. Uphatha imiyaka eyishumi kuphela. Ngaphansi kwakhe kunamaQondisi wezokuShushiswa womPhakathi abanegunya lokushushisa amacala endwaneni eqondane nendawo lapho khona isiqonga sesigaba seNkantolo ePhezulu inamandla okuhlulela ukudluliswa kwamacala khona. Umngcele wendawo ebasebenza kuyo uvame ukuhambelana nezifundazwe.

## Abaqondisi bakaZwelonke ebaNdlule
 

## Izinxenye
Isiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa sinezinxenye esiqonda nomkhakha othile wokuphenya ubugebengu nokushushisela umbuso amacala njengokulandelayo:

* Isikhungo sokuBamba iMpahla: Sivumelekile ukuthi sibambe impahla yabantu nezinhlangano futhi nokunikela leyompahla embusweni edabeni elimayelana ubugebengu noma ukuphikisana emthethweni womphakhathi. Lokhu ikwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla yezigebengu iyadayiswa ukunxephezela abantu abahlushwe ubugebengu.
* Ubugebengu nokuPhenya Okumelane neNkohlakalo: Buphenya amacala aqondane nokusebetshenziswa kwemali nokuphatha amandla embusweni ngedlela ekhohlakele.
* Isikhungo samaCala weCansi neziNdaba zoMphakathi: Siphenya futhi sishushise amacala ocansi, ukuvikela nokuletha ubulungiswa ebantwini kakhulukazi abesifazane, izingane nabaxhwalile ebahlushwe udlame lwasendlini nolwecansi. Futhi, siqinisekisa ukuthi imali yokuwondla izingane iyakhokhwa.
* Ihhovisi lokuVikela abaFakazi: Lisebenza ukuvikela nokuphephisa abantu abanobufakazi edabeni oluthile ekuhambeni kwamacala aphambili kwezinkantolo. Luqinisekisa ukuthi abafakazi abasencupheni noma ebahlukumezwayo baphephile ukuze bembule okuthile.
* Isikhungo sokuPhikisana ubuGebengu oBubalulekile: Sisebenza ukushushisa nokuphenya amacala aqhamuka emthethweni ethile njengoMthetho waseRoma (amacala njengokucindezela amalungelo nokubhubhusa umphakathi noma uhlanga lwabantu). Futhi ibhekane namacala okulekela kwamaButho wamanye amazwe noma izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ubudlova ukudala ukwesaba nokuphoqa ushintsho embusweni, okwandisa noma ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezikhali ezingajwayelekanga nezijwayelekile.
AmaBandla aseZayoni

**AmaZayoni** yiqembu lamahlelo obuKristu avela eSontweni LobuKristu LamaKatolika, elasungulwa nguJohn Alexander Dowie eZion, e-Illinois, ekupheleni kwekhulunyaka le-19. Izithunywa zevangeli ezivela kuleli bandla zafika eNingizimu Afrika ngowe-1904 futhi phakathi kwabaphenduki bokuqala kwakukhona UPieter Louis Le Roux noDaniel Nkonyane waseWakkerstroom abaqhubeka nokushumayela ngemva kokuba izithunywa zevangeli zaseZiyoni zihambile ngowe-1908.

## Umlando
Amabandla wamaZayoni agcwala e-Afrika eseningizimu, futhi aphenduka amaBandla wase-Afrika Azimele; ucwaningo lowe-1996 lwasikisela ukuthi cishe bangamaphesenti angama-40 abantu bomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika abahamba ibandla lamaZayoni.

Ibandla lamaZayoni elibizwa *The Old Cornerstone Apostolic Church in Zion of South Africa*, ngaphansi koMfundisi uMawethu Anthwell, laba negalelo elikhulu ekukhuliseni izimfundiso namabandla wamaZayoni zaba yilokho eziyikho namuhla. Ngokukhethekile amaBandla lawa indabuko nenkaba yawo ngokwezimfundiso isebandleni lika John Alexander Dowie elibizwa *Christian Catholic Apostolic Church*, elisendaweni ebizwa Zion, e-Illinois]], eMelika.

Ukufika kwesithunywa sikaDowie, uDaniel Bryant, ngowe 1904 kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwebandla lamaZayoni. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kwaku namaqeqebana amabili, eGoli, eWakkerstroom, ayefukuthiswa inceajana kaDowie ethi, *Leaves of Healing* (Amacembe wokwelapha) Leli bandla lokuqala lamaZayoni aliphumelelanga ngenxa yokuhlanjalazwa kumaDowie eMelika. Kodwa, ngowe-1908, ukufika kukaJohn G. Lake owangumZayoni oguquke waba umPhentekosta, kwaguqula amaZayoni amaningi ukuba amukele ibandla elisha elabizwa *Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa*. Uquqaba olukhulu lamahlelo wamaZayoni, aqembuka kulo leli bandla elisha, elalixuba amasu wamaPhentekoste namasu kaDowie esiZayoni ngokuqondene nokwelapha ngokholo.
USaleh Pamba

Saleh Ahmed Pamba (jibinaa ko 16 oktoobar 1950) ko politikyanke CCM mo Tansani, depitee diiwaan Pangani gila 2010.

## Izikhombo
Nelson Makamo

**Nelson Makamo** ( 1982) ungumdwebi wezithombe wesimanje waseIRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngezithombe ezivame ukubonisa izingane zasemaphandleni zaseNingizimu Afrika. UMakamo ukhangise umsebenzi wakhe emhlabeni wonke, ngemibukiso ephawulekayo emadolobheni anjengeLos Angeles, IParis, ILondon, INew York naseNingizimu Afrika.

## Iminyaka Yokuqala
uMakamo ungowesizwe samaTsonga kanti wazalelwa e-Modimolle, eLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrika, ngoFebhuwari 1982, futhi ukuthandwa kwakhe ukudweba kwaqala ebuntwaneni. Wafunda e-Artist Proof Studio eGoli, lapho afunda khona ngokunyathelisa. Lesi sikhungo saba yingxenye ebalulekile yohambo lwakhe, samsiza ukuba asungule amasu ahlukahlukene, kusukela emidwebweni yamalahle kuya kumidwebo yamafutha ne-acrylic.
Ikolishi Lokhetho Lase-United States

E-United States, ikholishi lokukhetha iyiqembu labantu abavotela umongameli elihlangana njalo eminyakeni emine ngesikhathi sokuvotela umongameli ngenhloso eyodwa yokuvotela umongameli kanye nesekela lakhe. Lolu hlelo luchazwe esihlokweni sesibili soMthethosisekelo. Inani lamavoti okhetho elisetshenziswa yisifundazwe ngasinye lilingana neqembu lethimba likakhongolose okuyinombolo yamaSeneta (amabili) kanye nenani labamele leso sifundazwe. Isifundazwe ngasinye liqoka abavoti ngukusebenzisa izinqubo ezingokomthetho ezinqunywengomshayamthetho saso. Abaphethe amahhovisi kahulumeni, kufaka phakathi izikhulu kanye nabameleli, abakwazi ukuba abavoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Twenty-third Amendment yanikeza Isifundazwe saseColumbia abavoti abathathu (okuletha ingqikithi yesibalo kusuka ku-535 kuya ku-538). Iningi lamavoti okhetho (270 noma ngaphezulu) liyadingeka ukukhetha umongameli nephini likamongameli. Uma kungekho muntu othola iningi, ukhetho olungahleliwe lwenziwa yIndlu yabameleli, ukukhetha umongameli, kanye Isigele, ukukhetha iphini likamongameli.
Inyathi yase-Afrika

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**Inyathi yase-Afrika** iyinkomo enkulu e-sub-Saharan Africa.
AmaMpondo

**Ama-Mpondo**, bangabantu abanobukhosi obusendaweni manje eyiMpuma-Koloni.Umlando wabo waqala ngo 1224. Isizwe sama-Mpondo saqale sabuswa umsunguli waso okwakuyiNkosi uMpondo kaNjanya (okulinganiselwa ukuthi wazalwa ngo-1204 futhi washona ngo-1280) kamumva kwaba nomndeni 'wama-Nyawuza' (umndeni wasebukhosini bamaMpondo). Bahlobene neminye imibuso yeseMbo kanye nobunye ubukhosi eNingizimu Afrika.
Amandla (ezenhlalo nezepolitiki)

Kwinzululwazi yezombusazwe, **amandla** ayikhono lokuthonya noma ukuqondisa izenzo, izinkolelo, noma ukuziphatha kwabantu.    Amandla awabhekiseli kuphela ekusongeleni noma ekusetshenzisweni kwendluzula ( ukuphoqelelwa ) okwenziwa umuntu ngokumelene nomunye, kodwa futhi angase asetshenziswe ngezindlela ezihlukene ( njengezikhungo ).  

Amandla angahle futhi abonakale ngezimo izinhlobonhlobo, njengoba ekhalima abantu maqondana nomunye nomunye (njengokuhlukanisa phakathi komhuqazi nomuntu ogqilaziwe, umninikhaya nezihlobo zakhe, umqashi kanye nabasebenzi bakhe, umzali nengane, ummeleli wezembusazwe kanye nabavoti babo, njll.), kanye nezimo zokuxoxisana, njengoba izigaba nolimi kungase kunikeze ukuba semthethweni kwezinye izenzo namaqembu ngaphezu kwabanye. 

Igama elithi *igunya* livame ukusetshenziselwa amandla abhekwa njengasemthethweni noma avunyelwe uhlaka lomphakathi . 

Ongoti baye baveza umehluko phakathi kwamandla athambile kanye namandla aqinile .
Isikhwence

**Isikhwence** (noma **isikhwence sesiCikizi** okanye **igundane**)  siyinsiza yokukhomba ebanjwa ngesandla ehlonga umdiki omngakombili ohlobene nendawo. Lo mdiki noma mnyakazo uvame ukuhuntushwa njengomnyakazo wesikhombi (okuthiwa ikhesa) embukisweni, okuyisehlo esivumela ukulawula okushelelayo kumfanekiso oyisixhakazimo womsebenzisi  wesiCikizi .

Umbukiswano wokuqala womphakathi wesikhwence esilawula uhlelo lwesiCikizi wenziwa ngu-Doug Engelbert ngowe-1968 njengengxenye ye-Mother of all Demos.

## uMsukagama

Ukusetshenziswa kwegama lesiZulu elithi *isikhwence uk*ubhekiselwa enguxeni yesicikizi yokukhomba kufuze ncamashi indlela elesingisi elanqanjwa ngayo. Leli gama kuyacaca ukuthi lisuselwa ekufaneni kwalesiklamo nokuma nobukhulu  besilwane ikhwence, intambo yaso yona ifane nomsila walo .   Isibunge sezikhwence ezingenantambo kwenza lokhu ukufana kungabi sobala.
Isivoko

**Isivoko** noma **idunambumbulu**  siyinto, ngokuvamile umkhumbi-mkhathi, obekwe emzileni ozungeza indikimba esezulwini . Izivoko zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganisa ukudluliswa kwezokuxhumana, ukubikezela isimo sezulu, ukuzulazula ( GPS ), ukusakaza, ucwaningo lwenzululwazi, nokudlozwa komhlaba. Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezempi kuhlanganisa ukushulubeza, isixwayiso esandulelayo, iziyabizo zokwaziswa kanye, uma kungenzeka, ukufufuthwa kwezikhali. Ezinye izivoko zihlanganisa izigaba zokugcina zeziCibazulu ezibeka izivoko ozungezweni kanye nezivoko eziwusizo ezigcina zingasasebenzi.
Ukufikelela kuxhakaxholo ngesivoko

**Ukufikelela kuxhakaxholo ngesivoko** kuwufikelelo kuxhakaxholo okuhlinzekwa ngezivoko zokuxhumana ; uma lolu fikelelo lukwazi ukuqhubeka nesivinini esikhulu, lubizwa **ngesivoko soyacabanzi.** Inkonzo yoxhakaxholo lwesivoko yezinga labathengi yesimanje ngokuvamile ihlinzekelwa abasebenzisi ngabanye ngezivoko ezigculezweni ezinamajubane ezincu aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa,  nezivoko ezintsha ezisebenzisa isiyaca Ku ukuze zifinyelele ejubaneni lezincu elifika kwizincukhulu ezingama Ngokwengeziwe, izishomo zoxhakaxholo lwezivoko olusha luyathuthukiswa ozungezweni oluseduze nomhlaba ukuze zivumela ufikelelo loxhakaxholo  olunamandla aphansi kusuka emkhathini.
Isivoko sokuxhumana

**Isivoko sezokuxhumana** yisivoko esidlulisa futhi siqongise iziyabizo zomsakazo wezokuxhumana kude ngesinaneli *(transponder)*; lesi sivoko sidala umngqangu wokuxhumana phakathi kwesifufukisi esiwumthombo nesamukeli ezindaweni ezihlukene Emhlabeni . Izivoko zezokuxhumana zisetshenziselwa umabonakude, ucingo, umsakazo, uxhakaxholo, nezinhlelo zezempi .  Izivoko eziningi zokuxhumana zitholakala kuzungezo olugculengqi emkhathini ngaphezu kwenkabazwe, ukuze isivoko sibonakale simile endaweni efanayo esibhakabhakeni; ngakho-ke izihoshamoya zesitsha sesivoko ezisezigculweni eziphansi zingaqondiswa unomphela kuleyo ndawo futhi akudingeki ukuthi zinyakaze ukuze ziguduze isivoko. Ezinye zakha izishomo zesivoko ezisendaweni eseduze nomhlaba, lapho izihoshamoya eziphansi kufanele zilandele ukuma kwezivoko futhi ziqhebeze phakathi kwezivoko njalo.

Amaza omsakazo asetshenziselwa amakhongco wokuxhumanakude  ahamba ngomugqa wokubuka futhi avinjwe inkumbela yoMhlaba. Injongo yezivoko zokuxhumana ukudlulisa iziyabizo enkumbeleni yomhlaba okuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo eziqhelelene kakhulu.  Izivoko zezokuxhumana zisebenzisa imijinge yomsakazo neyamachadaza anhlobonhlobo . Ukuze kugwemeke ukuphazamiseka kweziyabizo, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zinemithetho yokuthi imuphi umjinge noma "iziyaca" izinhlangano ezithile zivunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa. Lezi zabelo zeziyaca zinciphisa incuphezo yokuphazamiseka kwesiyabizo.

## Amaphatho
I-Hilithoni Kolishi

**I-Hilton College** kungenzeka ukuthi kukhulunywa nge:

* I-Hilithoni Kolishi (yaseNingizimu Afrika) , isikole esiphakeme saseNingizimu Afrika
* I-Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, ikolishi lezemfundo le-University of Houston elasungulwa nguConrad Hilton
I-Sweetwaters

**I-Sweetwaters** indawo esentshonalanga bude buduze nesidlavela saseMgungundlovu(Pietermaritzburg),KwaZulu-Natal. Le ndawo ingaphansi kukaMasipala wasemakhaya uMsunduzi.
Inyanga (umelaphi)

**Inyanga**, noma **umelaphi** ('noma **udokotela**)  ingcwepheshi yezempilo esebenza ukwelapha, umnako wayo usekuqhakambiseni, ekunakekeleni nasekubuyisela impilonhle isebenzisa ucwaningo, ukuxilongwa, ukubikezela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo, ukulimala, nokunye. ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Izinyanga zingase zihlozinge ubunyanga bazo ezigabeni ezithile zezifo, ezigulini ezithile, nasezindlela zokwelapha—ezaziwa ngokuthi ubungoti —noma bangase bathwale isibopho sokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezokwelapha oluqhubekayo noluphelele kubantu ngabanye, emindenini, nasemiphakathini.  Ubunyanga budinga kokubili ulwazi oluningiliziwe loqeqesho lakwaNgqondonkulu, ezifana nomhlakahlo nomchazamzimba, isifundo sezifo eziyisisekelo, kanye nokwelashwa kwazo, okuyinzululwazi yokwelapha, kanye nekhono elihloniphekile ekuzisebenziseni, okusetshenzisiwe, okuwubuciko nokuba ingcwepheshi.

Kokubili iqhaza lenyanga kanye nencazelo yegama ngokwalo kuyahlukahluka emhlabeni wonke. KwaZulu kuthiwa **inyanga**, ngesisuthu kuthiwa *ngaka* kanti emazweni asentshona kuthiwa *udokotela*. Asikho isidingo sokuhlukanisa phakathi kwenyanga nodokotela ngoba into eyodwa. Iziqu nezinye izifaneleko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, kodwa kunezici ezithile ezivamile, njengezimiso zezokwelapha ezidinga ukuthi abelaphi babonise ukucabangela, uzwela, nomusa ezigulini zabo .
Umngoma

**Umngoma** noma **isangoma**,  uhlobo oluthile lomelaphi wendabuko olapha izifo okukholelwa ukuthi zibangelwa ukuthakatha .  Leli gama ngokuvamile aliqondwa kahle,   abanye bacabanga ukuthi isangoma ingcwepheshi ebhula ngamathambo kuphela. Kodwana umngoma ibioz elisetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhekisela kubelaphi, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisebenzisa ukwelapha kwendabuko esikhundleni semithi yesimanje .
Izihlabelelo ZamaNazaretha

**Izihlabelelo ZamaNazaretha** (ebunyeni: isihlabelelo samaNazaretha) izihlabelelo ibandla lamaNazaretha elidumisa ngazo uNkulunkulu kokunye incwadi yamaNazaretha ebhalwe imithandazo yamaNazaretha kanye nezihlabelelo. Izihlabelelo zaqoqwa umholi wesibili wamaNazaretha iNkosi uJ.G Shembe (iLanga) zaba yincwadi eyodwa, yashicilelwa ngowe-1940.    

Izihlabelelo zamaNazaretha ziyiqoqo lezihlabelelo ezingama-242 ezaqanjwa uMphrofethi Isaiah Shembe kanye nayo iNkosi uJ.G Shembe. Kusukela esihlabelelweni sokuqala kuya kwesama-219 zabhalwa u-Isaiah(ukuthula kube kuye), kusukela kwesama-220 kuya kwesama-242 ezabhalwa iLanga. 

Amazwi omlobi encwadini athi:

*"Eziningi zalezi zihlabelelo zazifika nezithunywa zasezulwini.  Imvama wayesuke ebhekile engalele."*
## Umlando Wezihlabelelo
Ngaphambi kokuba umsunguli webandla lamaNazaretha uShembe abe nezambulo ngezihlabelelo zamaNazaretha, wayejwayele ukuhlabelela izingoma nezihlabelelo Methodist.

Isihlabelelo sokuqala isona safika kuqala ngo-1910 esanda kufika eNatali. Sasihlatshelelwa abantwana ababemcelela umusa kuNkukunkulu ukuthi avikeleke ngoba esanda kufika eNatali wayengenayo indawo yokuhlala okungeyakhe.

Isihlabelelo sesibili safika ngonyaka ka-1913 mhla eqala ukukhwela entabeni yaseNhlangakazi. Kusukela ku-1914 kuze kube u-1919 akuqanjwanga sihlabelelo. Ngo-1920 waqala waziloba kakhulu, waqala nokuloba imithandazo, owokuvuka, owokulala kanye noweSabatha.    

## Izinkomba
Natal

**ISifundazwe SaseNatali** (isiBhunu: *Natalprovinsie*), sasiyisifundazwe saseNingizimu Afrika kusuka ngoNhlaba ka-1910 kuya kuNhlaba ka-1994. Ikomkhulu layo bekunguMgungundlovu.  Ngalesi sikhathi izindawo zasemakhaya ezihlala abantu abamnyama baseNatali zahlelwa zaba yibantustan yaKwaZulu, eyahlukaniswa kancane kancane nesifundazwe, yagcina isizibusa ngokwengxenye ngo-1981. Kubantu abamhlophe, iningi kwakungabantu abakhuluma isiNgisi abadabuka eBrithani, okwenza iNatal ibe ukuphela kwesifundazwe esivote ngokuthi "Cha" ekudalweni kweriphabhulikhi kureferendamu yango-1960, ngenxa yenkosi enamandla kakhulu, i-pro-British Commonwealth.  , kanye nemizwa emelene nokuhlukana. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, iNatal yayisesimweni sodlame phakathi kweNkatha Freedom Party kanye ne-African National Congress, udlame lwaze lwadamba ngokushesha ngemva kokhetho olungacwasi ngokwebala lokuqala ngo-1994.
## Izinkomba
UbuWeseli

**UbuWeseli**, obubizwa nangokuthi **Inhlangano YaseWeseli** (Weseli), buyisiko lobuKristu bobuProthestani elidabuka ezimfundisweni zikaJohn Wesley. UGeorge Whitefield nomfowabo kaJohn UCharles Wesley nabo babengabaholi abavelele bale nhlangano. Babizwa ngokuthi *AmaMethodist(oSondlelasu)* ngenxa "yendlela ehlelekile abafeza ngayo ukholo lwabo lobuKristu". UbuWeseli baqala njengenhlangano yemvuselelo ngaphakathi kweSonto LaseSheshi elinezimpande eSontweni laseNgilandi ngekhulunyaka le-18 futhi baba yihlelo elihlukile ngemuva kokufa kukaWesley. Le nhlangano yasakazeka kulo lonke elaseBrithani, e-I-United States nangaphandle ngenxa Umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli ezinamandla, futhi namuhla inabalandeli abangaba yizigidi ezingama-80 emhlabeni wonke.&nbsp;
I-Welwitschia

***I-Welwitschia*** iwuhlobo lwe-monotypic (okungukuthi, uhlobo oluqukethe uhlobo olulodwa olwaziwayo) lwe-gymnosperm, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezichazwayo okuyi- ***Welwitschia mirabilis*** ehlukile, etholakala ogwadule lwaseNamib phakathi INamibhiya I-Angola.
Ama-Afrika aseMelika

Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika ikakhulukazi bayinzalo yabantu abayizigqila abalethwa emazweni abo ase-Afrika ngenkani ukuze basebenze eZweni Elisha.
Uhlelomgidinga

Uhlelomgidinga luwuhlelosimiso olulawula izigcobhoyi zesicikizi  nezinsizakusebenza zezinhlelo, futhi luhlinzeka izinhleleliso zesicikizi ngenkonzo evamile .

Izinhlelomgidinga ezabelana ngesikhathi zijuba imisebenzi ukuze uhlelo lusebenziseke ngokukhabangulayo misebenzi futhi zingase zihlanganise uhlelosimiso somdando ukuze kwabiwe imali yezindleko zesikhathi sodludlunga, isiqoqonga esiningi, izixhumelelo, nezinye izinsizakusebenza.
Bitcoin Cash

**I-Bitcoin Cash** iyinkecesomane eyasungulwa ngo-2017 njengokuhlukana (fork) ku-Bitcoin, ngenhloso yokuphendula izinselelo zokusebenza kahle kanye nesivinini sokwenza izinkokhelo. Ihloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lwezimali olushesha futhi olunezindleko eziphansi zokuthumela imali, ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile njengokukhokha izimpahla noma amasevisi.

Bitcoin Cash iyinkecesomane ezimele esebenzisa i-blockchain efanayo neyokuqala, kodwa ihlukile ngokunyusa usayizi wamabhulokhi ukuze izinkokhelo eziningi zikwazi ukuqhutshwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yinketho ethokozisayo kwabathanda izinkokhelo ezisheshayo futhi ezingabizi kakhulu.

Nakuba izinzuzo zayo zikhona, iBitcoin Cash ibhekane nezingxabano emphakathini wezinkecesomane, okuhlanganisa imibuzo ngobuqiniso bayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-Bitcoin yasekuqaleni. Nokho, ihlala iyinkecesomane edume futhi esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke.

## Imithombo

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

*Isiza esisemthethweni
Monero

**I-Monero** (Ikhodi yemali: **XMR**) iyinkecesomane egxile ekuphepheni nasekufihleni, eyasungulwa ngo-2014. I-Monero isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-cryptography obuphambili ukuze igcine imfihlo yokuthumela nokwamukela imali. Uhlelo lwe-Monero blockchain luhlukile kwamanye ama-cryptocurrencies ngoba aluvezi ulwazi oluthile njengenani lemali ethunyelwe noma ubunikazi bomthumeli nomamukeli. Isetshenziselwa ukuthumela imali, ngokuyinhloko ngezinjongo ezivamile ezinjengokukhokhela izimpahla noma izinkonzo.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-Monero zifaka phakathi *ring signatures*, *stealth addresses*, kanye ne-*RingCT*, okuyizindlela zokwenza izinkokhelo zibe zifihlakele ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi be-Monero bangakwazi ukuthumela izinkokhelo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi imininingwane yabo ibonwa ngabanye.

I-Monero iyinkecesomane ethandwa phakathi kwabantu abafuna ukufihla izimali zabo, kepha ibhekane nezinkinga zokulawula ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni ezingekho emthethweni.

## Imithombo

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

*Isiza esisemthethweni
Lionel Messi

**ULionel Andrés Messi** (owazalwa ngo-24 Juni 1987) ungumdlali webhola lezinyawo odumile wase-Argentina. Udlala phambili futhi ubhekwa njengomunye wabadlali abahle kakhulu emlandweni webhola lezinyawo. Wakhula eRosario, e-Argentina, futhi waqala ukudlala eqenjini elidumile laseSpain i-FC Barcelona.

Uthole izindondo eziningi ezifana neBallon d'Or kaningi, futhi ungomunye wabadlali abanamagoli amaningi kakhulu emlandweni weqembu lakhe nezwe lakhe. Ngo-2022, wahola i-Argentina ekutholeni ukunqoba kwiNdebe Yomhlaba. Manje useqenjini i-Inter Miami e-USA. UMessi uyaziwa ngamakhono akhe ayingqayizivele, ukubusa ibhola nokushaya amagoli. Useyisibonelo esikhulu sabadlali emhlabeni wonke.

UMessi wayephakathi kwabantu abayi-100 abanethonya elikhulu emhlabeni abaqokwa yi-*Time* 100, uhlu lwaminyaka yonke, ngo-2011, 2012 no-2023. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2014 ezimakethe eziphambili ezingu-15 emhlabeni wonke, uMessi wayaziwa yibo abangama-87% babaphendulile, kanti abangama-78% babemthatha njengomuntu omuhle, okuyinto eyamenza waba ngumdlali wesibili owaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngemva kukaRonaldo, futhi wabonakala njengomdlali othandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabadlali besimanje. World Press Photo yakhetha isithombe esithi "The Final Game," esibonisa uMessi ebheke kuMklomelo weNdebe yoMhlaba ngemva kokuhlulwa kwe-Argentina kowamanqamu yiJalimane, njengesithombe esihle kunazo zonke sezemidlalo sika-2014. Ngokwemiphumela yezomnotho edolobheni adlala kulo, Terry Gibson wamchaza njengento ehudula izivakashi.

## Imithombo
Cristiano Ronaldo

**UCristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro** (owazalwa ngo-5 February 1985) ungumdlali webhola lezinyawo wasePortugal odlalela i-Al-Nassr kanye neqembu lesizwe lasePortugal. URonaldo waziwa ngamakhono akhe, ijubane, nokushaya amagoli. Usewine inqwaba yezindondo, okuhlanganisa namaBallon d'Or amahlanu. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe ku-Sporting CP, futhi waba nempumelelo enkulu eManchester United, I-Real Madrid naseJuventus. URonaldo ungomunye wabadlali abahlonishwayo emlandweni webhola.

Omunye wabadlali abaziwa kakhulu futhi abathengiseka kakhulu emhlabeni, uRonaldo wabekwa njengomdlali ohola imali eningi emhlabeni ngu-Forbes ngonyaka ka-2016, 2017, 2023, no-2024 futhi njengo mdlali odume kakhulu emhlabeni nguESPN kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2019. U-*Time* wamfaka ohlwini lwabo lwebantu abayi-100 abanethonya elikhulu emhlabeni ngonyaka ka-2014.  

URonaldo ungumuntu odume kakhulu emithonjeni yezokuxhumana: unezilandeli ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-1 kuFacebook, Twitter, YouTube nakuInstagram, okuyinto eyenza waba umuntu wokuqala ukufinyelela kuleyo nkazimulo. Ngo-2020, uRonaldo wabizwa njengeqembu leBallon d'Or Dream Team futhi waba ngumdlali webhola wokuqala kanye nomdlali wesithathu kwezemidlalo ukuhola imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-1 zamaRandi emsebenzini wakhe.

## Imithombo
Zlatan Ibrahimović

**UZlatan Ibrahimović** ungumdlali webhola odumile owazalwa ngo-3 Okthoba 1981 eMalmö, eSweden. Uyaziwa ngamakhono akhe amangalisayo enkundleni, ukuphakama okuvelele, nobuntu obuqinile. Udlalela amaqembu amakhulu afana ne-AC Milan, iParis Saint-Germain, neManchester United. U-Ibrahimović usenqobe izindebe eziningi futhi waziwa ngokushaya amagoli amahle. Ngaphandle kwezemidlalo, uyaziwa ngokuzethemba okukhulu.

## Imithombo
Erling Haaland

**U-Erling Braut Haaland** (owazalwa zingama-21 kuJulayi 2000) ungumdlali webhola lezinyawo waseNorway odlalela iklabhu yesiNgisi iManchester City kanye neqembu lesizwe laseNorway. IHaaland yaziwa ngamakhono akhe okushaya amagoli, ijubane namandla. Usheshe waba ngomunye wabadlali abahamba phambili emhlabeni ngenxa yemidlalo encomekayo kumaligi ase-Europe. UHaaland waqala ukugqama ngesikhathi edlalela ikilabhu yaseJalimane iBorussia Dortmund, lapho aphula khona amarekhodi amaningi ngaphambi kokuthuthela eManchester City ngo-2022. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe, usenqobe izindebe eziningi futhi waqashelwa ikhono lakhe.

## Imithombo
IPhumezi

I-aphula yisithelo esiyindilinga, esidliwayo esikhiqizwa isihlahla sama-aphula (i-Malus spp., phakathi kwazo i-aphula lasekhaya noma lesihlahla sesithelo; i-Malus domestica). Izihlahla zama-aphula zitshalwa emhlabeni wonke futhi ziyizinhlobo ezitshalwa kakhulu zohlobo lwe - Malus. Lo muthi wavela e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho kusatholakala khona ukhokho wawo wasendle, iMalus sieversii. Ama-aphula abelokhu etshalwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka e-Eurasia futhi afakwa eNyakatho Melika ngabakholoni baseYurophu. Ama-aphula anencazelo engokwenkolo nezinganekwane emasikweni amaningi, kuhlanganise namasiko amaNorse, amaGreki namaKristu aseYurophu.

Ama-aphula akhuliswa ngembewu ngokuvamile ahluke kakhulu kulawo angawomzali wawo, futhi isithelo esivelayo ngokuvamile asibi nazo izici ezifiselekayo. Ngezinhloso zokuhweba, kuhlanganise nokuhlola izitshalo, izinhlobo zama-aphula zanda ngokufakelwa kwe-clonal emithonjeni. Izihlahla zama-aphula ezikhule ngaphandle kwezimpande zivame ukuba zinkulu futhi zithela kancane ngemva kokutshala. Izimpande zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ijubane lokukhula nobukhulu besihlahla esivelayo, okuvumela ukuvunwa okulula.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-7 500 zama-aphula. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zifuyelwa ukunambitheka nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokupheka, ukudla okuluhlaza, nokukhiqiza i-cider noma ijusi le-aphula. Izihlahla nezithelo zithambekele ezinkingeni ze-fungal, zamagciwane, nezilokazane, ezingalawulwa ngezindlela eziningana eziphilayo nezingaphili. Ngo-2010, i-genome yesithelo yalandelwa njengengxenye yocwaningo lokulawulwa kwezifo nokuzalanisa okukhethiwe ekukhiqizeni ama-aphula.
Adolf Hitler

**U-Adolf Hitler** (20 March 1889 - 30 March 1945) wayengumholi weqembu lamaNazi eJalimane futhi enguShansela kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1945. Wabusa njengomashiqela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Wazibulala lapho iJalimane ihlulwa empini.

## Imithombo
Xi Jinping

**U-Xi Jinping** (owazalwa ngo-15 Juni 1953) usopolitiki waseShayina kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu seKomidi eliKhulu leQembu LamaKhomanisi laseChina, i-CCP. Ube nguMengameli waseShayina kusukela ngo-2013 nomholi weqembu kusukela ngo-2012. Waziwa ngokwandisa amandla eQembu LamaKhomanisi nokuguqula isimo sezomnotho nezepolitiki saseChina, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano obuseduze namazwe e-BRICS, okuhlanganisa neNingizimu Afrika.

## Imithombo
Narendra Modi

**UNarendra Modi** (owazalwa ngomhlaka-17 Septhemba 1950) ungumholi wezombusazwe waseNdiya futhi ungumkhulumeli weBharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Usebenza njengoNdunankulu waseNdiya kusukela ngo-2014. Waba nguNdunankulu wokuqala waseNdiya ozelwe ngemuva kokuthola uzimele kwezwe. Ngaphambi kokuba nguNdunankulu, waba nguNdunankulu waseGujarat kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2014.

## Imithombo
Bibi Yan(Masjid Suleiman)

**I-Bibi Yan Masjid Suleiman** (Biyayan) iyindawo esedolobheni laseMasjid Suleiman esifundazweni saseKhuzestan e-Iran iMasjid Suleiman itholakala ngaphakathi kwale ndawo.  Le ndawo itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeSuleiman Mosque.  Abantu bakulesi sifunda bangamaLori futhi baphuma esizweni samaBakhtiari.

## Imithombo
Ukhetho lwase-United States ngo-2024

**Ukhetho lwase-United States lwango-2024** lubanjwe ngoLwesibili, Novemba 5, 2024. Okhethweni lukamongameli, owayengumongameli uDonald Trump, ongenele ukhetho lwama Republicans, unqobe obeyiPhini likaMengameli weDemocratic Alliance, uKamala Harris . Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izihlalo ezingama-435 eNdlu Yabameleli Yase-United States kanye nezihlalo ezingama-34 kweziyi-100 zeSigele Sase-United States zaphikiswana ukuze kunqunywe ubulungu be- 119th United States Congress . AmaRiphabhulikhi azuze iSenethi futhi kungenzeka awine iNdlu, njengoba isibalo sokuvota sakamuva sisaqhubeka. Izifunda eziyishumi nantathu zokuphatha izifunda kanye nezindawo kanye nolunye ukhetho oluningi lwezifundazwe nolwendawo nakho kwaphikiswana ngakho. Ukhetho lukamongameli olulandelayo luhlelelwe u -2028.

## Izinkinga

### Izinkinga zezomnotho

Abavoti babheke umnotho njengenkinga eyinhloko okhethweni luka-2024. Ngemuva komqedazwe we-COVID-19, kwalandela ukwanda kwamandla emali emhlabeni wonke okwenyusa amanani ezimpahla eziningi, yize izinga lokwehla kwamandla emala lase-US lalinciphe kakhulu phakathi kuka-2023 no-2024. *I-New York Times* yabika ukuthi bobabili abakhethiwe "bamukela umbono kahulumeni we-federali onamandla, osebenzisa amandla ayo ukungenela ezimakethe ekufuneni umnotho onamandla futhi ochumayo"

### Ukuphazamiseka kokhetho

Amazwe amaningana angaphandle kungenzeka agxambukele okhethweni lwase - United States lwango - 2024, aphawuleka kakhulu yiTshayna, i - Irani, neRashiya . Imizamo igxile kakhulu emikhankasweni wokuqamba amanga nokudukisa ngokusentshenziswa kwama-akhawunti angekho-authentic ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, futhi ibhebhethekisa ukuhlukana kwasekhaya nokuhlambalaza i-United States kanye nentando yeningi phesheya
Lamine Yamal

**ULamine Yamal** (owazalwa u-13 Julayi 2007) ungumdlali webhola waseSpain. Udlalela iFC Barcelona eLa Liga njengomgadli. Uqhamuke njengomdlali osemusha onethalente eliphezulu, futhi waziwa ngejubane lakhe, amasu kanye nekhono lakhe lokushaya amagoli. I-Yamal ithathwa kabanzi njengelinye lamathalente athembisa ukuvela eYurophu eminyakeni yamuva nje.

## Imithombo
Umchachiso wokucakathana

**Umchachiso wokucakathana** ngokuvamile uhlanganisa imichachiso emibili ehlobene yomchazandalo eyasungulwa ngu -Albert Einstein : ukucakathana obukhethekile kanye nokucakathana jikelele, eyahlongozwa futhi yashicilelwa ngowe-1905 nowe-1915, ngokulandelana.  Ukucakathana okukhethekile kusebenza kuzo zonke izimongotho ezingokoqobo lapho ungekho umnyondo . Ukucakathana jikelele kuchaza umthetho womnyondo kanye nokuhlobana kwawo neziphoqi zemvelo.  Usebenza emkhakheni wendabuko kanye nokugqaya izinkanyezi, kuhlanganise nomchazamkhathi.
Umhela wezokwelapha

**Umhela wezokwelapha** ungumhela wenzululwazi obuyekezwe ngabalingani oqukethe ukwaziswa kwezokwelapha okubhekiswe ezinyangeni, nezinye izingcwepheshi zezempilo . Imihela ekhuluma ngobungoti obuhlukene bezokwelapha ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi **imihela** y**ezokwelapha jikelele** .
U-Sserafim

I-**U-Sserafim** (efakwe isitayela ngosonhlamvukazi, isiKorea: **르세라핌**) iyiqembu lamantombazane laseNingizimu Korea elakhiwa ngo-2022 yi-Source Music ngokubambisana ne-HYBE Corporation. Iqembu okwamanje linamalungu amahlanu: **u-Sakura, u-Kim Chae-won (umholi), u-Huh Yun-jin, u-Kazuha, no-Hong Eun-chae**. Igama leqembu liyi-anagram yenkulumo ethi "Angesabi".
Mega Millions

**Mega Millions** iwumdlalo wezintambo eziningi waseMelika umdlalo wesiphepho. 
I-Mega Millions idlalwa ngo-11:00 p.m. Isikhathi saseMpumalanga ngoLwesibili nakwaLwesihlanu, kuhlanganise nezinsuku zokuphumula. I-Mega Millions iphathwa yiqembu lezi-lottery ezingu-12 zokuqala, ukudweba kwenziwa eziteshini ze WSB-TV e-Atlanta, eGeorgia, kugadwe yi Georgia Lottery. 

I-jackpot enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni weMega Millions kwakuyi-$1.602 billion, edlalwa ngomhlaka 8 Agasti 2023, lapho ithikithi elilodwa lokuwina elithole i-jackpot elithengiswa e Florida. I-jackpot yesibili enkulu yeMega Millions, engu-$1.537 billion, yawina ngomhlaka 23 Okthoba 2018, ngethikithi elilodwa, elithengiswa eSouth Carolina.

## Izinkomba
Umtapolwazi wezezibhangqiwe

**Umtapolwazi wezezibhangqiwe** (ophinde ubizwe ngokuthi **umtapolwazi okuxhakaxholo**) uyisizindamininingo soxhakaxholo sezinto zezibhangqiwe ezingahlanganisa isiqakaqo, izithombe ezimile, izialelwa, ividiyo, imibhalo yezeaibhangqiwe, noma ezinye izinikino izinsizakuxhumana zezibhangqiwe noma umtapolwazi otholakala ngoxhakaxholo. Izinto zingaqukatha isiqikili esibhangqisiwe esishicilelwe noma izithombe, kanye nesiqikili esikhiqizwe ngezezibhangqiwe ngokwendabuko esinjengamahele  esidludlungamazwi noma izixhomo zasezinkundleni zezokuxhumana .