Basiswar Sen

**U-Basiswar "Boshi" Sen** (1887 - 31 Agasti 1971) wayengusosayensi wezolimo waseNdiya.Wayeyingqalabutho yenhlangano yeGreen Revolution eyashintsha isimo sokudla saseNdiya ngokutshala inala yokusanhlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela yehlisa amathuba okuba nanoma iyiphi indlala ezweni. Umkakhe kwakunguGertrude Emerson Sen, umbhali waseMelika kanye nochwepheshe wase-Asia. Wasungula i- Vivekananda Laboratory esifundeni sase-Almora e-Himalayas. Wayengumngane wabantu abaningi abaphawulekayo, njengoNdunankulu waseNdiya uJawaharlal Nehru, imbongi uRabindranath Tagore, uJulian Huxley, kanye noDH Lawrence.USen uphinde wahlotshaniswa ne- Ramakrishna Order kanye nenhlangano kaRamakrishna Vivekananda, kanye no- Jagadish Chandra Bose, usosayensi waseNdiya, kanye noDade Nivedita, umbhali, isikhulumi, umlweli wenkululeko kanye nomfundi oqondile kaSwami Vivekananda .  Uhulumeni waseNdiya wamklomelisa ngendondo yesithathu ephakeme kakhulu yezakhamuzi zasePadma Bhushan ngo-1957.

## Isiqalo sokuphila
USen wazalelwa endaweni yaseBishnupur eBengal ngo-1887. Igama likayise kwakunguRameswar Sen, owayengumfundi wokuqala e-Calcutta University wase- Bankura esifundeni sase-Bengal. Igama likanina kwakunguPrasannamoyi Devi.Umfowabo omdala kaSens u-Sureswar Sen wayezinikele ngokushiseka kuMama Ongcwele uSri Sarada Devi .Ngenxa yokushona okungazelelwe kukaRameshwar, umndeni wakwaSen wawusenkingeni yezimali. USen (noma uBoshi njengoba aziwa kanjalo ekuphileni kwakhe kwakamuva), waqeda imfundo yakhe yesikole ngokuhlala nodade eRanchi. Uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-BSc e- St. Xavier's College eCalcutta. Wethulwa ku- Ramakrishna Order ngumngane wakhe u-Bibhuti Bhushon Ghosh. USen wayehlotshaniswa kakhulu no- Swami Sadananda, obuye abizwe ngoGupta Maharaj, umfundi wezindela oqondile we- Swami Vivekananda.U-Boshi uphinde wathatha izithombe ezimbalwa zikaMama Ongcwele u- Sri Sarada Devi .

Ngalesi sikhathi waphinde wahlangana noDade Nivedita owamethula ku-Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose, usosayensi odumile waseNdiya, isazi sezinto eziphilayo kanye nesazi sezitshalo. UBoshi usebenze noSir Jagadish Chandra Bose iminyaka eminingana e- Bose Institute waze wamphelezela eLondon. Ngo-1923, waya e-United States ecelwe usosayensi waseMelika, uGlen Overton. Ngemva kokubuyela e-India, u-Boshi wayefuna ukwenza ucwaningo oluzimele, futhi wahlukana noDkt. JC Bose futhi wasungula ilabhorethri yakhe ekhishini elincane e-Bosepara Lane, e-Baghbazar, lapho ayehlala khona. Ilabhorethri yaqanjwa ngoSwami Vivekananda . U-Boshi wahlangana no- Romain Rolland ngo-1928 futhi waba nengxoxo ngempilo kaRamakrishna noVivekananda naye. Wahlangana no- Albert Einstein ngo-1930 eBerlin futhi waba nezingxoxo ngeSayensi Nezenkolo.  

Ngo-1924 uDade Christine noma uChristine Greenstidel ongumfundi waseMelika oqondile kaSwami Vivekananda wehlele eNdiya futhi wathatha indawo yakhe yokuhlala noBoshi. UBoshi wathuthela e-Almora lapho amisa khona ilabhorethri yakhe eKundan House, wayiqasha ngemali kaJosephine MacLeod, futhi uDade Christine wahlala naye lapho iminyaka emibili. Ngo-1928 uBoshi waphelezela uDade Christine eNew York ukuze amsize alulame ekuguleni okubuthakathaka, lapho ashonela khona.  E-Almora Boshi wahlangana no-Gertrude Emerson, umhloli wamazwe, umbhali kanye nelungu elisungula le- Society of Woman Geographers .  Ubethweswe iziqu eNyuvesi yaseChicago, engomunye weRoyal Geographical Society aphinde abe ngumhleli we-Asia Magazine. Ngo-1932 uBoshi noGertrude bashada omunye nomunye. Waba uGertrude Emerson Sen. Babenabahlonishwa abaningi njengabajwayelene nabo eKundan House, okuphawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwabo uRabindranath Tagore, imbongi engaqondakali kanye nomklomelo kaNobel, Jawaharlal Nehru, Julian Huxley, umdanso wenothi Uday Shankar, Swami Virajananda, owayeyinhloko yeRamakrishna Order yangaleso sikhathi, uCarl. njll. 

## Ucwaningo lwesayensi
I-Great Bengal Famine yango-1943 yayiwushintshile umbono kaSen mayelana nocwaningo futhi kusukela ocwaningweni lweseli yezitshalo ukugxila kwakhe wagxila ekusebenziseni ucwaningo lwezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu kokudla.Kulolu daba wathonywa kakhulu yimizamo yabantu kanye nemiyalezo kaSwami Vivekananda owahlonza inkinga yokudla njengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezikhungethe iBritish India. Ucwaningo lwakhe kwezolimo ezisebenzayo nezisetshenziswayo lwaluhlanganisa ukwethulwa kwezitshalo, ukuzalaniswa kwezitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwembewu eyingxube yommbila, i-jowar, i-bajra, no-anyanisi. Walandela izimangalo zikaTrofim Lysenko zokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezibizwa nge-vernalized.  Elabhorethri yakhe iVivekananda, uphumelele ekukhiqizeni imbewu yommbila oyingxube kanye no-anyanisi oyingxube. Ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona owamemezela iGreen Revolution eNdiya, waklonyeliswa ngePadma Bhushan ngo-1957 kanye nendondo yeWatmull ngo-1962. Wabelwa umhlaba ukuze andise umsebenzi wakhe nguHulumeni wase-Uttar Pradesh eHawalbagh. Ngo-1959 iLabhorethri yakhe yadluliselwa kuHulumeni we-UP, futhi yabelwa ngama-215&nbsp;indawo eyi-acre yocwaningo lwesayensi. 

## Eminye imisebenzi
Ngo-1939, uSen noGertrude bathatha isinyathelo sokusungula i-Uday Shankar Cultural Centre e-Almora. Kodwa lesi sikhungo sahlala iminyaka emihlanu kuphela. USen naye wayenemvelo ejulile ngokomoya. Wagqugquzelwa izindela zaseRamakrishna MathUke wancelisa uSwami Sadananda ngezinsuku zakhe zokugcina futhi waqalwa nguye. USen wayesondelene no- Swami Brahmananda, umongameli wokuqala we-Ramakrishna Mission.  Wabhala okungenani isihloko esisodwa, esinesihloko esithi “Isayensi Nenkolo”. 

## Impilo yokugcina
USen washona ngo-31 Agasti 1971 e-Ranikhet Military Hospital, e-Almora. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, i-Vivekananda Laboratory yafakwa eMkhandlwini wase-Indian of Agricultural Research (ICAR) njengophiko oluzimele ngo-1974, futhi yaba neqhaza elikhulu abalibamba ekuxazululeni inkinga yokudla yaseNdiya ngeGreen Revolution. Yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Vivekananda Paravatiya Krishi Anisandhan Sanstha.