open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uluzuba

**Uluzuba** noma **uzuba** luwukugeleza kwezinhlayiyana ezilelesiwe, ezifana nezinzuba noma izihonyo, ezihamba ngesiqombothisi noma emkhathini. Luchazwa njengesamba somgobhozo womlelesa wamazuba. Izinhlayiyana ezidikizayo zibizwa izifufula mlelesa. Ezintandelweni zamazuba izifufula mlelesa zivame ukuba IziNzuba ezidikiza entanjeni. Phakathi kweziqombothiqeku kungaba IziNzuba noma izimbobo. Phakathi kwesizubazane izifufula mlelesa kuba izihonyo, bese phakathi konyazani, okuluhowo oluhonyozekile, kuba izihonyo noma IziNzuba.
Izibalomininingo zaseNingizimu Afrika

Inhlangano ebizwa **Izibalomininingo zaseNingizimu** Afrika, phecelezi ***Statistics South Africa*** (noma *Stats SA*) iwumnyango wezibalomininingo kazwelonke waseNingizimu Afrika onomgomo wokukhiqiza izibalomininingo ezisemthethweni ngesikhathi esifanele, nezinembile, ukuze kuphokopheliswe Ukukhula kwezomnotho, intuthuko kanye intando yeningi. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, inhlangano izibalomininingo yaseNingizimu Afrika ikhiqiza ukubalwa kwabantu okungokomthetho, kwezomnotho nezenhlalo kanye nokuhlolwa. Kuze kube namuhla inhlangano yezibalomininingo yaseNingizimu Afrika  seyikhiqize ukubalwa kwabantu okuthathu, ngowe-1996, ngowezi 2001, ngowezi-2011 nowezi-2022. Inhlangano yezibalomininingo yaseNingizimu ngaphambili yaziwa ngokuthi umnyango wezibalomininingo oyinhloko "*Central Statistical Service*", masinya ngemuva kokuphela kobandlululo futhi yazigwinya zonke izinkonzo zezibalomininingo zase--Transkei yangaphambili, i-IBophuthatswana, i-Venda ne-I-Ciskei.
UMkhonto weSizwe

****Umkhonto** we Sizwe (elifushaniswa ngelithi MK)** kwakuwuphiko lezempilikaKhongolose (ANC), futhi wasungulwa ngutata UNelson Mandela ngemuva Ukusocongwa kwabantu eSharpeville.
Inguqukezo

Kwezokuxhumana nakwezokudludlunga ukwaziswa, **inguqukezo** iyisimiso semithetho yokuguqula ukwaziswa - njengohlamvukazi, izwi, umsindo, isithombe, noma ukushukuma komzimba - kube olunye uhlobo, ngezinye izikhathi olufinyeziwe noma oluyimfihlo, njenjongo yokuxhumana ngomngqangu wokuxhumana noma ukuqoqonga ensizeni yokuqoqonga. Isibonelo sokuqala siwukuqanjwa kolimi, okwasiza umuntu akwazi, ngenkulumo, ukuba aveze lokho akucabangayo, akubonayo, akuzwile, noma akuzwa ngabanye. Kodwana inkulumo iyalikhawula izinga lokuxhumana kuye ngomgamu iphimbo elingakwazi ukuwuhamba futhi kukhawula nezilaleli kube yilezo ezikhona neziseduze lapho ikhulunywa. Ukuqanjwa kwendlela yokubhala, eyayiguqula ulimi olukhulunywayo kube izimpawu ezibonwayo, kwajija isiju sokuxhumana emkhathini nasesikhathini.

Umdludlungu **wokuguqukezela** *(encoding)* yiwona oguqula ukwaziswa kusuka emthonjeni okusuka kuwo kube yizimpawu zokuxhumana noma kuqoqongwe. **Ukunyalula** *(decoding)* kuwumdludlungu ogushela emuva lokho, ngokuguqula izimpawu zenguqukezo zibe uhlobo oluqondwa umamukeli wokwaziswa, njengesiZulu noma isiXhosa.

Esinye isizathu sokuguqukezela ukwenza kube lula ukuxhumana ezindaweni lapho ulimi olula, olulotshwayo noma olukhulunywayo, lunzima khona.
Igalelo/isiphumo

Kwezokucikiza, **igalelo nesiphumo** zisho ukuxhumana phakathi kohlelo lokudludlunga ukwaziswa, olufana nesicikizi, kanye nokusezweni elingaphandle kwaso, mhlawumbe nomuntu noma esinye isimiso sokudludlunga ukwaziswa. Amagalelo ayiziyabizo noma imininingo eyamukelwa yisimiso, bese iziphumo zona ziyiziyabizo noma imininingo ethunyelwe kusuka kuso.
Umgudu wokuxhumana

**Umgudu wokuxhumana** (noma **umngqangu wokuxhumana**)igama elibhekisela ensizeni ephathekayo yokufufukisa enjengentambo, noma ekuxhumeni oku-logical ngensiza emultiplexed efana nomngqangu womsakazo kwezokuxhumanakude kanye nakwezokuxhoxho lwesicikizi. Umngqangu usetshenziselwa ukufufukisa ukwaziswa, ngokwesibonelo, undululo lwencu yezezibhangqiwe, kusuka kumthumeli oyedwa noma abaningana kuya kuzamukeli eziningana.
Ukufufukisa isiyabizo

Kwezokuxhumanakude, **ukufufukiswa** ngumdludlungu wokuthumela noma ukusakaza isiyabizo senzuko noma sezezibhangqiwe ngokusebenzisa insiza enentambo, engenazintambo, noma inxoza yokukhanya.
Ucwaningo olungakanisayo

**Ucwaningo olungakanisayo** (noma **ucwaningo olunanisayilo**) luyiqhingasu lokucwaninga oluhlozinga kakhulu ukungakanisa noma amanani ekubuthweni nasesihlaziyweni semininingo. Lendlela yokucwaninga igcizelela kakhulu ukuvivinywa komchachiso, njengoba isekelwe kwinjulalwazi yobugcanso.

## Izibonelo

* Ucwaningo oluqukethe amanani angamaphesenti azo zonke izinhlwa ezakha umoyambulunga womhlaba.
* Inhlolovo ephetha ngokuthi isiguli esivamile kufanele silinde amahora amabili egunjini lokulinda lenyanga ethile ngaphambi kokuba sinakwe.
* Umgcanso lapho iqembu x lanikezwa imigwinyo emibili ye-aspirin ngosuku futhi iqembu y lanikezwa imigwinyo emibili ye-placebo ngosuku lapho umhlanganyeli ngamunye ejutshwa ngokwethukela eqenjini elithile noma kwelinye lamaqembu. Izici ezingokwenano ezinjengemigwonyo emibili, iphesenti lezinhlwa kanye nesikhathi sokulinda kwenza izimo nemiphumela ibe engakanisekayo.
* Kwezomnotho, ucwaningo olungakanisayo lusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya imihwebo kanye nezici ezinomthelela ekwahlukeni kwezinhlaka zokuhleleka kwayo kanye nobudlelwano bezinkampani nabasebenzi, izindayi zemali kanye nemikhiqizo.
UMphrofethi u-Isaiah Shembe

**U-Isaya Mloyiswa Mdliwamafa Shembe** (c. 1865 [1] [2] – 2 May 1935), wayengumphrofethi futhi umsunguli webandla lamaNazaretha , eNingizimu Afrika , okwakuyibandla elikhulu kunawo wonke elasungulwa e-Afrika ngesikhathi esaphila. [3] UShembe waqala umsebenzi wakhe wenkolo njengomvangeli ojikelezayo nomelaphi ngokholo ngo-1910. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, wayesezakhele abalandeli abaningi eNatali ngamabandla amaningi esifundazweni sonke. Kuze kube manje, kunokuvela ngokushesha kwamabandla ahleliwe kanye nemicimbi yabefundisi (ebanjelwe emathempelini akwaShembe) ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalolunye zaseNingizimu Afrika.

=**Ukuzalwa kanye nempilo yobuncane**= 

Wazalwa ngo-1865, eNtabamhlophe (Estcourt Area), esifundeni saseDrakensberg eNatali. Wayenenzalo emsulwa yakwaZulu. Uyise uMayekisa wabafudusela eNtabazwe engakafiki. Umama wakhe uSitheya, indodakazi kaMalindi Hadebe, wazalelwa eMtimkulu. 

Umndeni kaShembe wasuka eNatal waya esifundeni sase-Harrismith esiseduze ne-Orange Free State ngeminyaka yawo-1880, wagcina lapho njengabaqashile emndenini wamaBhunu okuthiwa amaGrabes. INkosi yakhe kwakunguConrad Grabes, umnikazi wePulazi laseBuwelshoek [5] UShembe osemncane ubonakala esebenzela lo mndeni wamaBhunu, futhi wachitha isikhathi eside esebenza namahhashi epulazi. Kunomlando omningi wesiko le-hagiographic eliphathelene noShembe omncane. Kuthiwa washona wavuswa eneminyaka emithathu lapho inkunzi yenkomo yafa isigubhukane, “ithenga umphefumulo wayo”. Kuthiwa wayevakashelwa nguNkulunkulu izikhathi eziningi kule minyaka.
Izinkolo zika-Abrahama

Igama elithi **Inkolo ka-Abrahama** liyisigamu se-Iranian sokuhlanganisa izinkolo ezintathu ezinkulu UbuJuda, UbuKristu UbuSulumane ndawonye, ngenxa yokuba khona kwabo emlansweni kanye nokuncintisana,   okusekelwe kumuntu ongu-Abrahama, okukhulunywa ngaye eBhayibhelini lesiHebheru, AmaBhayibheli obuKristu, kanye neKoran. Isetshenziselwa ukubonisa ukufana phakathi kwalezo zinkolo futhi iziqhathanise neZinkolo zaseNdiya, Izinkolo zase-Iran, nezinkolo zeMpumalanga ye-Eshiya, yize ezinye izinkolo nezinhlelo zezinkolelo, njengeZorastrianism, iManichaeism, neGnosticism, zingase zihlanganise nesiqu sika-Abrahama. 

Izinkolo zika-Abrahama zakha ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu kakhulu enkolweni yokuqhathanisa. Inani eliphelele labalandeli, ubuKristu nobuSulumane bakha izinhlangano zenkolo ezinkulu futhi zesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngokulandelana.  UbuJuda obunabalandeli abambalwa kakhulu. Ezinye izinkolo, njengeBahá'í Faith, iDruzism, iSamariya, neRastafari, zibhekwa njengeziphambeko zezinkolo zika-Abrahama.
Umbono wokwakha ikhwatha

**Umbono wokwakha ikhwatha** usikisela ukuthi Imithombo yezokuxhumana, ngekhono layo lokuhlonza nokusakaza izindaba, ibamba iqhaza ebalulekile ekubumbeni izinkinga ezikhanga ukunaka kohulumeni nezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba,  futhi iyakwazi ukuqondisa uvo lomphakathi ezindabeni ezithile.
Ukudla kwaseNingizimu Afrika

Wikipedia 

**[[Ukudla kwaseNingizimu Afrika]]** kubonisa izinhlelo zamasiko okudla okufakwa yimiphakathi ehlukahlukene ehlala emazweni ehlukene,  kwabantu bomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika. AmaKhoikhoi adla izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezitshalo zokudla, njenge-i-rooibos shrub legume,  aphinde asitshele nokubaluleka   kokudla, okuqhubeka nokuba nethonya elivelele ekudleni kwase Ningizimu Afrika.  Ukuhlangana okwalandela nabelusi kanye nabalimi baBantu kusize ukuvela kwezitshalo ezitshalwayo kanye nezinkomo zasekhaya,  Loko kungezelele amasiko omdabu wamaKhoikhoi  okulondoloza inyama, ngaphezu kwalokho. Imiphakathi ekhuluma izilimi zomdabu yakha iqoqo elibanzi lezithako zokupheka nezitsha, eziningi zazo ezisadliwa nanamuhla ezindaweni zokuhlala zendabuko kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni ngokufanayo.

Abantu bamakhoikhoi babengabazingeli, ababethembele kakhulu ekudleni okufana nezimfudu, izinkalankala, ukhukhunathi kanye namathanga. Ukulima kwethulwa eNingizimu Afrika ngabantu bomdabu, abaqhubeka nokutshala okusanhlamvu, izithelo zesitashi kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezimpande - ngendlela yommbila, i-mifino kanye nobhatata, kulandela ukwethulwa kwabo ekushintshanisweni kwabantu bokudabuka eKholomba, okususa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziningi zokudla Izwe elidala. Nakuba amabele (I-Red Sorghum) namadumbe (icocoyam, itaro, noma i-arrowroot) zisaqhubeka zijatshulelwa futhi zilinywa kabanzi.

## Umthombo
Ukuvota

**Ukuvota** kuyindlela lapho iqembu, elinjengomhlangano noma abavoti, lihlangana ndawonye ngenjongo yokwenza isinqumo esiyiqoqo noma ukuzwakalisa umbono ngokuvamile kulandela izingxoxo, izinkulumo-mpikiswano noma imikhankaso yokhetho. Umbuso wentando yeningi ikhetha abanikazi bezikhundla eziphezulu ngokuvota. Izakhamuzi zendawo emelwe yisikhulu esikhethiwe zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-constituents", futhi abavoti abakhetha ukuvotela umuntu abakhethiwe babizwa ngokuthi "abavoti." Kunezinhlelo ezihlukene zokuqoqa amavoti, kodwa nakuba izinhlelo eziningi ezisetshenziswa ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zingasetshenziswa njengezinhlelo zokhetho, noma yiziphi ezibhekelela ukumelwa ngokulinganayo zingasetshenziswa kuphela okhethweni. 

Ezinhlanganweni ezincane, ukuvota kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene: ngokusemthethweni ngevoti ukukhetha abanye ngokwesibonelo endaweni yokusebenza, ukukhetha amalungu ezinhlangano zezombusazwe, noma ukukhetha izindima zabanye; noma ngokungakahleleki ngesivumelwano esikhulunywayo noma isenzo esifana nesandla esiphakanyisiwe, noma ngogesi.

## Izincwadi Ezifundiwe
Isihlonga

**Isihlonga** siyinsiza ekhiqiza isiyabizo esiyisiphumo ngenjongo yokuhlonga isimongotho esingokoqobo.

Ngokwencazelo ebanzi, isihlonga siyinsiza, ingosana, inguxa ehlonga izenzakalo noma izinguquko endaweni ezungezile bese sithumela ukwaziswa kwezinye izigabuzuba *electronics*, ngokuvamile isidludlungi sesiCikizi.

## Umjinjo wamaphutha esilinganiso

Isihlonga esihle yileso esithobela lemithetho elandelayo:

* siyayihlonga impahla elinganiswayo
* asiyihlongi noma iyiphi impahla esihlangana nayo lapho sisebenza, futhi
* asiyithonyi impahla elinganiswayo

## Imithombo
Coritiba Foot Ball Club

I-**Coritiba Foot Ball Club**, noma i-**Coritiba** nje, iklabhu yebhola lezinyawo ekhokhelwayo yaseBrazil ezinze eCuritiba. Yasungulwa ngo-1909, iyikilabhu endala eneziqu zombuso eziningi.

## Imithombo
* coritiba.com.br Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ngesi-Portuguese
### Instagram
*
I-SADiLaR

## Ukusebenzisana
ISADILaR inokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Wikipedia ne-Pan South African Language Board. Bobabili baqala iphrojekthi ye-SWiP e-University of South Africa kuMandulo 2023. ISWiP ikhuthaza ukulingana phakathi kwazo zonke izilimi zomdabu futhi ikhuthaza imiphakathi yezilimi eNingizimu Afrika ukuba ibonakale kakhulu ku-Wikipedia futhi ithumele ulwazi ngolimi lwayo.
Usuku lweNkululeko

* Umlando weNingizimu Afrika
* Ukhetho lukazwelonke lwaseNingizimu Afrika, ngo-1994
* Ezombusazwe zaseNingizimu Afrika
* Usuku Lwenkululeko Kwamanye amazwe
Isiqoqonga mininingo sesiCikizi

**Isiqoqonga mininingo sesiCikizi** ubuchwepheshe obuqukethe izingcoyi zesicikizi nezinsizakuxhumana zokuqopha ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina imininingo yezezibhangqiwe. Ukuqoqonga kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko futhi kuyisigcoyi sesiCikizi esiyisisekelo.
Uhleloxhumano olungenandophi

**Uhleloxhumano olungenantambo** liwuhleloxhumano lesicikizi olusebenzisa uxhumano lwemininingo oluswelintambo olwenzeka phakathi kwamaqhuzuwana ohleloxhumano.
Impekumpeku

Kumchazandalo, **impekumpeku** yento iwuhlobo lwesidlakalasi leyonto enaso ngenxa yokuphekuzela noma umdiki wayo.

Kumchazandalo omdala, impekumpeku yento engampimpilizi enesisindo *m* ehamba ngejubane  *v* ibalwa kanje  \frac{1}{2}mv^2. 

Impekumpeku yento ilingana nomkhwishizo, isiphoqi esiphindwe nomkhwebuko, odingekayo ukufinyelela isivinini esibaluliwe. Ngenxa yokuzuza lesidlakalasi lapho ikhawuleza, isisindo sizoqhubeka nokugcina impekumpeku ngaphandle uma ijubane laso liguquka. Inani elifanayo lomkhwishizo lwenziwa yinto lapho iphungula ijubane layo kufika ekugculeni kwayo.

Isimiso sokulinganisa impekumpeku sibizwa ngokuthi umjulu *(joule)*.

Kumchachiso wobucakathi obukhethekile, isibalo  \frac{1}{2}mv^2 siyicishelo elihle lempekumpeku kuphela lapho isivinini *v* singaphansi kwejubane lokukhanya.

## Amaphatho
Usonzululwazi wokwaziswa

Ibizo elithi **usonzululwazi wokwaziswa** lasungulwa engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu lamashumi amabili ngumlisa obizwa
Imininingo emabhangqa

**Imininingo emabhangqa** yimininingo enomuvo onezimo ezimbili kuphela. Lezi zimo zivame ukubhalwa ngokuthi u-0 no-1 ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokubhangqa izibalonani  kanye ne-algebra kaBoolu.
Izinhlolanswebu

**Izinhlolanswebu** ziwukuhlolwa komzimba nokuqaqululwa okuhlobene nezinkondolo zabantu. Ukuqinisekisa ngenhlolanswebu kuyasetshenziswa kunzululwazi yesicikizi njengolunye uhlobo lokuhlonza nokulawula ufinyelelo. Kuphinde kusetshenziselwe ukuhlonza abantu emaqenjini aqashwe ngendlozabukhoma. 

Izinto eziphawula inhlolanswebu ziyizinkondolo ezilinganisekayo ezihlukahlukene, ezisetshenziselwa ukuphawula nokuchazisa umuntu. Lezi zinto eziphawula inhlolanswebu zivame ukujinjwa njengezinkondolo zokuma komzimba womuntu. Izibonelo zazo zihlanganisa izintupha, intende yesandla, inhlonzabuso, uLibofuzo, ubumo besandla, ukuhlonza iso, iphunga, iphimbo, ubumo bezindlebe nokunyathela.

## Imithombo
ILondosicikizi

**Ukuphepha kwesicikizi**, noma **ilondosicikizi**, kuwukulondeka kwezinhlelo namahleloxhumano wesicikizi ekuhlaseleni kwalabo abahlose okubi nokungaholela ekudalulweni okungagunyaziwe kokwaziswa, ukwebiwa, noma ukulimala kwezigcoyi, amahlelokusebenza, noma imininingo, kanye nokuthikamezeka noma ukunhlanhlatha kwezinkonzo ezihlinzekwayo.

Lomkhakha ubalulekile ngenxa yokwanda kokwethembela ezinhlelweni zesicikizi, kuxhakaxholo, nezinhlelo zohleloxhumani oluswelintambo ezifana ne-Bluetooth Kanye ne-Wi-fi. Futhi, ngenxa yokwanda kwezilekeleli ezintwesi, ezihlanganisa omabonakude, nomakhalipha, kanye nezilekeleli ezakha uXhakaxholo lwezinto. Ilondosicikizi lungenye lwezinselele ezinkulu zanamuhla, ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo zokwaziswa kanye nemiphakathi eziyisekayo. Ukulondeka kubaluleke kakhulu ezimisweni ezilawula izinhlelo ezinkulu ezinemithelela engokoqobo ethinta okuningi, kuhlanganisa ukwabiwa kwamandla wamazuba, ukuphepha kokhetho, nezezimali.

## Ukuhlabeka nokuhlaselwa

Ukuhlabeka kuwubuthakathaka obusemklamweni, ekugunundweni, emigidingweni, noma ekulawulweni ngaphakathi kwesicikizi. Iningi lokuhlabeka oluvubukuliwe lubhaliwe kwisizindamininingo sokuhlabeka iCVE *(Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)*. Ukuhlabeka *okuxaphazekayo* yilokho okunohlaselo olusebenzayo noluxaphazayo olwaziwayo. Ukuhlabeka kungacwaningwa, kungcikishwe kushendele, kuzingelwe, noma kuxhashazwe ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezihlelelekiwe noma iziqakaqo.

## Imithombo
P. Ramlee

**Teuku Zakaria bin Teuku Nyak Puteh**, waziwa kangcono ngo **P. Ramlee** uvela e Malaysia ungumcili futhi ungumbali wezingoma ze pop.
Izishicwanjalo

**Isishicwanjalo** siwumsebenzi oshicilelwe ovela ohlelweni olusha ohlelweni olushicilelwa njalo. Isibonelo esijwayelekile kakhulu yiphephandaba, kodwana nomagazini noma umhela nazo ziyizibonelo zezishicwanjalo.Lezi zishicilelwa zihlanganisa izihloko eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kwezakwangqondonkulu, ezobuchule, ezehwebo, kanye nesithakazelo ezivamile kuya ekuzilibaziseni nasekuzijabuliseni.
Umhela wakwaNgqondonkulu

**Umhela wakwangqondonkulu** uyisishicwanjalo okushicilelwa kuso ubungoti obuphathelene noqeqesho lakwaNgqondonkulu. Imihela ithathwa njengesidlangalala esivulelekile nesingabuni lapho kwenziwa khona izethulo, izihlaziyo, nokudingiwa ngocwaningo. Imfuneko eyinhloko yemihela ukubuyekezwa okwenziwa ngabalingani, kuzo zonke izibhalwa zocwaningo noma ukucutshungulwa kwazo ngabanye abacwaningi abangongoti emikhakheni yabo.

Ngonyaka wezi-2012, kuqagelwa ukuthi kwakunemihela yakwaNgqondonkulu engaphezu kwezi-28,100 eshicilelwayo. Le mihela ishicilela izinhlobonhlobo zezibhalwa ezihlanganisa ucwaningo, izibuyekezo nemibono ehlukile. Ukwanda kokushicilelwa ngamazuba sekwenze ukuba mihela yakwaNgqondonkulu ifikelelwe kalula.
Isichazampilo

**Isichazampilo**, noma **umlandowokuphila** uyincaziso eningiliziwe yokuphila komuntu. Sihlanganisa okungaphezu kweziminya eziyisisekelo njengemfundo, umsebenzi, ubudlelwano, nokufa; siveza lokho umuntu adlula kukho ngalezi zenzakalo zokuphila.
Isidludlungana

**Isidludlungana** siyisidludlungi sesiCikizi lapho ukudludlungwa kwemininingo okuhluzayo nolawulo kuhlanganiswe khona entandelweni edidiyelwe noma kwezinye ezincane.

Isidludlungana siqukethe izibalonani, umhluzamqondo, kanye nentandelo sokulawula edingekayo ukuqhogoyeni imisebenzi yesidludlungi esimqoka (CPU).
Ukuvamisa kwamaZwe kwencaziso yoMchazamibhalo

**Ukuvamisa kwamaZwe kwencaziso yoMchazamibhalo** yiqoqo lemithetho ekhiqizwa yiNqokothela yamaZwe yeziNhlangano neziKhungo zoMtapowolwazi (IFLA) ukuze idale incaziso yomchazamibhalo ngohlobo oluzovama, lufundeke kumuntu, ikakhulukazi ukuze isetshenziswe kumchazamibhalo noma kujengamazwi lomtapolwazi.
Umdayiso wezezibhangqiwe

**Umdayiso wezezibhangqiwe** uyisigcoyi somdayiso osebenzisa uxhakaxholo nezobuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe zoxhakaxholo ezifana neziCikizi zesinabalala, omakhalekhukhwini, nezinye izinsizakuxhumana zezezibhangqiwe kanye nezinkundla zokuqhakambisa imikhiqizo nezinkonzo.
Umdayiso

**Umdayiso** yisenzo sokwanelisa nokugcina amakhasimende. Ungesinye sezigcoyi eziyinhloko zokuphathwa komhwebo nezentengiselwano.
Amafenala

**Amafenala** (noma **ilifunala**) igama lesiZulu lefu eliminyene, eliphakeme eliqondile,  elivame ukwakheka ngomhwamuko wamanzi ojiyeka enjikambulunga esezansi eyakheka ibheke phezulu ithwalwa umoya onamandla.  Ngenhla kwezingxenye ezingezansi zefunala umhwamuko wamanzi uphenduka imincwebe yeqhwa, njengomkhithiko nesichonchwane, ezinokwenanana  okungaholela esiqothweni nasekwakhekeni kombani, ngokulandelana. Amafenala ayakwazi ukwakheka ngawodwa, ngezihleke, noma ngebhidli leziphihli. Lawa mafu ayakwazi ukukhiqiza umbani nezinye izimo zezulu eziyingozi, ezifana nenkanyamba, iziphepho namatshe wesiqhotho. Amafenala ayakwazi ukuziqhubeza kusuka emafwini awumnqobe othwele imvula futhi angaba ingxenye yamafu wesiphihli esikhulu.

## Ummomo

Amafenala aphakama njengombhoshongo avame ukuphelezelwa amafemvula amancane. Amafenala ayakwazi ukujijeka agcwale isibhalabhaka sonke, noma athi gqwa gqwa futhi atholakala ezansi kuya esithikilini sezulumbulunga. Amafenala athuthuke ngokwanele abonakala ngkuhlelemba, abe nomumo wesicandulo ngaphezulu, okudalwa isiivungu esibhakabhakeni.

## Amaphatho
I-Wikipedia yesiNgisi

**I-Wikipedia yesiNgisi** yasungulwa nguJimmy Wales noLarry Sanger ngo-2001.

## Imithombo

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Wikimedia Foundation

**I-Wikimedia Foundation**, inhlangano yaseMelika eyasungulwa ngo-2003, ikomkhulu layo liseSan Francisco e California.



## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Ubuchopho bomuntu

**Ubuchopho bomuntu** buyisitho esimqoka sesimiso sezinzwa zomuntu, futhi bona kanye nomgogodla zombili zakha isimiso sezinzwa esimqoka.
Inkohlisa

**Inkohlisa** iwukwaziswa okungamanga okusakazwa ngamabomu ukuze kukhohliswe abantu. Inkohlisa iwubuqhebeqhebe obuhleliwe bezitha obenziwa kusetshenziswa ubunyolo beqhingasu namasu wokuxaphaza abezindaba ukuze kuqhakanjiswe izimpokophelo zezombusazwe, ezempi noma ezentengiselwano.  Inkohlisa igunundwa ngohlaselo lwenkohlisa oluphendula amaqhingasu obugwilikinci nokuzuza ulwazi kube yizikhali —kuhlanganisa amanga, amanga amhlophe, iQiniso, neqiniso elincane—ukuze kuxhashazwe futhi kuqongiswe izimpi zesikompilo kanye nezinye izingxabano ezimayelana nobuhlonzi.

Ngokuphambene, elithi *[[Isidukiso]]* *(misinformation)* lisho amanga adukisayo akhulunywe ngephutha.. Isidukiso singasetshenziselwa ukudala inkohlisa ngokusakaza ngebomu isidukiso esaziwayo. Elithi "Fake news" lona kwesinye isikhathi lithathwa njengelisho uhlobo lwenkohlisa, kodwa izazi zithi awasho into eyodwa futhi asikho isidingo sokulisebenzisa kwaNgqondonkulu niengoba osombusazwe baliphendule isikhali sokugxeka noma yizipho izindaba ezingabavezi kahle.

## Imithombo
Izinkundla zokuxhumana

**Izinkundla zezokuxhumana** zingezobuchwepheshe bokunanana obenza kube lula ukudala, ukwabelana nokuhlanganisa isiqikili, amasu, izithakazelo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuveza uvo ngemiphakathi ekuxhakaxholo kanye namaxhoxho.
Serikbolsyn Abdildin

**Serikbolsyn Abdildin**،Ungusomnotho nosopolitiki, owazalwa ngoNovemba 1937 futhi washona ngoDisemba 31, 2019.

## Imithombo
Isilimi

**Isisho** siwumusho noma inkulumo evame ukuveza incazelo engokomfanekiso, engekho ngokoqobo enamathele emshweni. Eminye imisho eba yizisho ezingokomfanekiso, nokho, igcina incazelo engokoqobo yomusho. Ihlukaniswe njengolimi oluhleliwe, incazelo engokomfanekiso yesisho ihlukile enchazelweni engokoqobo. Izisho zenzeka kaningi kuzo zonke izilimi; esiNgisi sisodwa kunezisho ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu.

Izisho eziningi zazibhekiselwa ngokoqobo ekusetshenzisweni kwazo kwamgempela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuchazwa kwencazelo engokoqobo kwashintsha futhi inkulumo ngokwayo yakhula isuka kwincazelo yayo yangempela - ngokuvamile yaholela emthonjeni womdabu. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "chitha ubhontshisi" (okusho ukudalula imfihlo) yaqinisekiswa okokuqala ngo-1919, kodwa kuthiwa ivela endleleni yasendulo yokuvota ngokufaka ubhontshi ezimbizeni, ezingase zichithwe, kumbuleke imiphumela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izisho ezokufanekisa. Ngokwesibonelo, "ukwephula umlenze" kuyisisho esididayo sokufisela umuntu inhlanhla ngaphambi kokungena  enkundleni kumbe yokudlala noma yesethulo senkulumo. Kungenzeka kwavela ekukholelweni ukuthi umuntu akufanele asho amazwi athi "ngikufisela inhlanhla" kumlingisi ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo kuzobangela umphumela ophambene."Break a legge" kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iyisiqalo salesisho. I-legge yintambo yekhethini evulwayo noma evalwayo okuyiyona elihlukanisa isiteji nezithameli. Uma ikhethini livulwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze abadlali bamukele ukushaywa kwehlombe okuqhubekayo, i- legge ingase "iphule" ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile, okungabonakala njengokusebenza okuyimpumelelo, yilokhu okufiselekayo ngalesisho.
Umntwana uZebuloni Zulu

UMntwana uBhekizizwe uZebuloni kaNhlayenza Zulu ungusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika futhi unguMntwana wasebukhosini bakwaZulu. UMntwana wayemele uKhongolose (African National Congress) kwisiShayamthetho sikazwelonke e-Ningizimu Afrika (National Assembly) kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2004 kuya kwi-2014 nangaphambi kwalokho uke waba ilunga eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke Wezifundazwe (National Council of Provinces) kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1999 kuya kowezi-2004. UMntwana phinde abe usomlando obhala kakhulu ngomlando wesizwe samaZulu.

### Umthombo wolwazi
I-Vetkoek

**Igwinya** (//ˈfɛtkI-ʊk//,   [ˈfɛtkuk]) liyinhlama yesinkwa esithosiwe  ngokwesiko laseNingizimu Afrika.    Igwinya liyingxenye yesiko laseNingizimu Afrika. Lifana nekhekhe likaJohnny laseCaribbean, *I-oliebol* yaseDashi, kanye ne-sopaipillas yaseMexico. Laziwa nangegama lesiXhosa nesiZulu elithi *igwinya* (ebuningini amagwinya).

Igama elithi *vetkoek* ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "ikhekhe lamafutha" ngesi-Afrikaans. Isimo sayo sifana ne-i-donut engenaso imbobo, futhi yenziwa ngenhlama ye-yeast. Ama-vetkoeks avame ukwenziwa eceleni kwe-curry mince, efakwe ngaphakathi. I-Vetkoek ivame ukudayiswa ezindaweni zokudlela zomndeni kanye nasemikhosini yase-Afrika nasemicimbini yamasiko.
I-Ncwadi

**I-Ncwadi** yidolobha laseHarry Gwala District Municipality esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal eNingizimu Afrika.

iNcwadi, umfudlana owakhele UMkomazi, ongamakhilomitha angaba ngama-30 oseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga yePietermaritzburg. &nbsp;Iisuselwa olimini lwesiZulu, leli gama ngokusobala lisho ukuthi 'okuphawulekayo', lisuselwa egqumeni elivelele.
UJoe Biden

**UJoseph Robinette Biden omncane** (/ˈbaɪ testemun/ i, BY- testemun; wazalwa ngoLwezi mhla zingamashumi amabili, ngonyaka ka-1942) ungusopolitiki waseMelika ongumongameli wamashumi amane nesithupha futhi wamanje wase-Melika. Ilungu le-Democratic Party, ngaphambili wasebenza njengephini likamongameli wamashumi amane neskhombisa kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2017 ngaphansi kukaMongameli U-Barack Obama futhi wamelela I-Delaware ku-United States Senate kusukela ngo-1973 kuya ku-2009.
I-Sosatie

**I-Sosatie** (ama-plut sosaties) isidlo esingokwesiko saseNingizimu Afrika senyama yemvu ephekwa ngezinti. Leli gama lisuselwa kwelithi "sate" inyama enamafutha nelithi "saus" isobho elinoshukela. Livela eCape Malay, lisetshenziswa ngesi-Afrikaans, ulimi oluyinhloko lweCape Malay, futhi leli gama liye lasakazwa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Inyama enamafutha, eyindilinga ngokuvamile imvu iyaphekwa bese iphekwa ngesitayela se-shish-kebab. Izindlela zokupheka ze-Sosatie ziyahlukahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile izithako zingahlanganisa ama-cube emvu, inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, ama-apricot omisiwe, u-anyanisi obomvu nopelepele ohlangene.

## Imithombo Yolwazi
Umqwayiba

**Umqwayiba** uhlobo lwenyama eyomisiwe, eyavela emazweni aseNingizimu ne-Afrika (iNingizimu Afrika, iZimbabwe, iMalawi, iBotswana, iLesotho, iiSwatini, neZambia). Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenyama zisetshenziselwa ukuyikhiqiza, kusukela enyameni yenkomo kuya enyameni yezilwane njengentshe noma inyamazane. Ukuyisika kungahlukahluka futhi kube yimidweshu yenyama emncane ekhishwe yaba  yimidweshu elandela ukuma kwemisipha, noma imidweshu eyizicaba ezikhishwe zalandela imisipha. Ihlobene nejekhi yenkomo; zombili ziyanongwa, ziyinyama eyomisiwe; nokho izithako ezijwayelekile, ukunambitheka, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zingahluka.
Inkolo yendabuko yamaZulu

**Inkolo yendabuko yamaZulu** iqukethe izinkolelo nemikhuba engokomoya yabantu abangamaZulu baseningizimu Afrika. Iqukethe onkulunkulu abaningi abavame ukuhlotshaniswa nezilwane noma izigaba ezivamile zezenzakalo zemvelo. U-I-Unkulunkulu waziwa njengoMdali Ophakeme.

Njengezinye izinkolo zamaBantu, abalandeli benkolo yesiko lamaZulu bakholelwa ekuhlonipheni okhokho (Ama-Amadlozi). UUnkulunkulu ungunkulunkulu ophakeme kakhulu futhi ungumsunguli wesintu.

UmkhuluwoMkhulu ("Omkhulu Yedwa") wadalelwa Ohlanga,  emaxhaphozini amakhulu omhlanga, ngaphambi kokuba afike eMhlabeni. Abantu ngokwendlela yokuziphatha noma ukuziphatha kwabo ekwahluleleni kwakhe noma "ukuqonda i-Ultimate Reality".

****U-Unkulunkulu ngezinye izikhathi uhlanganiswa nonkulunkulu wesibhakabhaka uMvelinqangi (okusho ukuthi "owayeseqophelweni"), unkulunkulu ukuduma, ukuzamazama komhlaba onelinye igama lakhe ngu-Unsondo, futhi uyindodana kaUnkulunkulu, uBaba, noNomkhubulwane, uMama.   

Igama elithi *nomkhubulwane* lisho ukuthi umuntu oshintsha isimo sibe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesilwane. Elinye igama elinikezwe umuntu ophakeme u-Umkhuluwomkhulu uSomandla, umthombo wokugcina wakho konke ukuba khona. Abafuduki baseYurophu basebenzisa igama elithi Unkulunkulu ukuze bazame ukuchaza inkolelo yabo kUNkulunkulu weBhayibheli kubantu baseZululand.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;
Igwinya

**Igwinya** (//ˈfɛtkI-ʊk//,   [ˈfɛtkuk]) liyinhlama yesinkwa esithosiwe  ngokwesiko laseNingizimu Afrika.    Igwinya liyingxenye yesiko laseNingizimu Afrika. Lifana nekhekhe likaJohnny laseCaribbean, *I-oliebol* yaseDashi, kanye ne-sopaipillas yaseMexico. Laziwa nangegama lesiXhosa nesiZulu elithi *igwinya* (ebuningini amagwinya).

Igama elithi vetkoek  lisho "ikhekhe elinamafutha" lamafutha" nge-Afrikaans. Isimo sayo sifana ne-doughnut  elingenayo imbobo, kanti lenziwa ngenhlama enembilisi i-yeast.  Amagwinya avame ukwenziwa eceleni nesishebo senyama egayiwe, efakwa phakathi.  Igwinya livame ukudayiswa ezindaweni zokudlela zomndeni kanye nasemikhosini yase-Afrika nasemicimbini yamasiko.

## Izikhombo
Uhlangothi LweLimi (i-albhamu)

Uhlangothi lwelimi i-albhamu ye-studio ye-duo yomculo wase Jamaica uSly and Robbie, eyakhishwa ngo-1985 yi-Island Records. I-albhamu iqukethe abaculi abavakashile UHerbie Hancock, UBob Dylan, u-I-Afrika Bambaataa, UManu DiBango.

## Ukukhululwa nokwamukelwa
I-AllMusic yanikeza i-albhamu izinkanyezi ezintathu futhi ukubuyekezwa kwayo nguScott Bultman kusho ukuthi: "Iqembu likaSly & Robbie nomkhiqizi UBill Laswell nge-dub set edgy". Umsunguli we-Village Voice URobert Christgau wayibiza ngokuthi "i-mismash umculo womhlaba".

I-single ethi "Make 'Em Move" yafinyelela ku- No. 83 ku-UK Singles Chart ngoNovemba 1985.I-albhamu yaletha ukuqashelwa kwe-duo emhlabeni wonke futhi yaholela ku-albhamu yabo eyalandela i-Rhythm Killers ngo-1987.

* USly Dunbar - izigubhu, izinsimbi ezishaywayo
* URobbie Shakespeare - i-bass
* UWally Badarou - okhiye
* UHerbie Hancock - okhiye
* UBernie Worrell - okhiye
* URobbie Lyn - okhiye
* UManu Dibango - i-saxophone
* UBob Dylan - i-harmonica
* I-Afrika Bambaataa - amaphimbo
* UBernard Fowler - amaphimbo
* UDoug E Fresh - i-beatbox yomuntu
* U-Eddie Martinez - isiginci
* UPat Thrall - isiginci
* UMike Hampton - isiginci
* UMikey Chung - isiginci
* UBarry Reynolds - isiginci
* UDaniel Ponce - ukushaya izinsimbi
Izilwane zasendle zaseNingizimu Afrika

**Izilwane zasendle zaseNingizimu Afrika** zihlanganisa  nezilwane zaleli zwe eNingizimu ye-Afrika. Izwe linezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindlu kanye nezilwane zasendle ezicebe ngokwemvelo nezinhlobonhlobo, izitshalo ze-vascular ziningi kakhulu, eziningi zazo zitholakala kuleli zwe. Kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezinamahlathi, utshani obuningi bohlobo lwe-savanna, uhlaza olomile lwe kanye nohlanga esifundazweni saseKape Floristic. Idume ngamapaki ayo kazwelonke kanye nemidlalo emikhulu, enezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingu-297 ziye zabikwa eNingizimu Afrika, kanye nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-849 nezinhlobo zezitshalo ze-vascular ezingaphezu kuka-20,000.
Ukuguqulwa kobulili

Umuntu we-transgender (ngokuvamile efushaniswa ngokuthi umuntu we-trans) ngumuntu obulili obuhlukile kulokho okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nobulili eyabelwe ekuzalweni. Abanye abantu abaguquguqukayo abafisa usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze bashintshe kusuka kolunye ubulili baye kolunye bazibiza ngokuthi bangabantu abaguqguquguquka ubulili. Ubulili obuhlukene nayo iyisambulela; ngaphezu kokuhlanganisa abantu abanobulili obuhlukile bobulili obubelwe babo (amadoda ama-trans nabesifazane abangama-trans), ingahlanganisa nabantu abangebona ama-binary noma ama-genderqueer. Ezinye izincazelo zobulili obuhluken zihlanganisa nabantu bobulili obuhlukene- njengabesilisa besithathu.Leli gama lingahlanganisa futhi ama-cross-dressers noma amakhosi adonsayo kanye namakhosikazi adonsayo kwezinye izimo.Igama elithi transgender alinayo incazelo eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi abacwaningi.

Ukuba ngumuntu oshintshayo ngokobulili kuhlukile ekuthambekeleni ngokobulili, futhi abantu abashintshayo ngoko bobulili bangabonakala njengabantu abangobulili obuhlukile (abamhlophe), ongqingili (ongqingili noma ongqingili), ongobulili obubili, ongenabo ubulili, noma ngenye indlela, noma bangase benqabe ukubiza ukuthambekela kwabo ngokobulili. Okuphambene ne-transgender yi-cisgender, echaza abantu abanobulili obuhambisana nobulili babo obubelwe. Izibalo ezinembile ngenani labantu abashintsha ubulili zihlukahluka kakhulu,ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezincazelo ezahlukene zalokho okwakha ukuba abashintsha ubuhlobo. Amanye amazwe, njengeCanada, aqongelela idatha ukubalwa kwabantu ngabantu abaguquguqukayo. Ngokuvamile, abangaphansi kuka-1% wabantu bomhlaba wonke bangabantu abaguquguqukayo, ngezinombolo ezisukela okungamaphesenti awodwa kuya kwayisithupha .

Abantu abaningi abashintsha ubulili babhekana ne-I-gender dysphoria, futhi abanye bafuna ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha njengokwelashwa kokungena esikhundleni sama-hormone, Ukuhlinzwa kokuqinisekisa ubulili, noma ukwelashwa kwengqondo. Akubona bonke abantu abaguquguqukayo abafisa lokhu kwelashwa, futhi abanye abakwazi ukubhekana nakho ngenxa yezizathu zezezimali noma zezokwelapha.[1]
Umdlavuza wePrastate

Umdlavuza wamankwahla ungukukhula okungalawuleki kwamangqamuzana aphakelana namankwahla,  ngezansi kwesinye. Umdlavuza wokuqala we-prostate awubangeli izimpawu. Ukukhula okungavamile kwezicubu ze-prostate kuvame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa, ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinga e-antigen ye-prostate (PSA). Labo abanezinga eliphakeme le-PSA egazini labo basengozini eyengeziwe yokuthola umdlavuza we-prostate. Ukuxilongwa kudinga ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy ye-prostate. Uma umdlavuza ukhona, udokotela wezifo unikeza i-Gleason score, futhi i-high score imele isimila esiyingozi kakhulu. Izithombe zezokwelapha zenziwa ukufuna umdlavuza osakazeke ngaphandle kwe-prostate. Ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu kaGleason, amazinga e-PSA, kanye nemiphumela yokuthwebula izithombe, isimo somdlavuza sinikezwa isigaba 1 kuya ku-4. Isigaba esiphakeme sisho isifo esiphambili, esiyingozi kakhulu.

Izimila eziningi ze-prostate zihlale zincane futhi azibangeli izinkinga zempilo. Lezi ziphathwa ngokuqapha okusebenzayo, ukuqapha isimila ngokuhlolwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asikhule. Izimila ezingase zibe yingozi kakhulu zingabhujiswa nge-radiation therapy noma zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa nge-I-radical prostatectomy. Labo abanomdlavuza odlulela ngalé kwe-prostate belashwa nge-I-hormone ehlisa amazinga ama-androgen (ama-hormone obulili abesilisa) amangqamuzana e-prostate adinga ukuze aphile. Ekugcineni, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angakhula amelane nalokhu kwelashwa. Lesi sigaba esiphakeme kakhulu sesifo, esibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-prostate omelana nokucasulwa, welashwa ngokwelashwa kwama-hormone okuqhubekayo kanye nesidakamizwa se-docetxel. Ezinye izimila zisakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amathambo nAma-lymph nodes. Lapho, izimila zibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu bamathambo, ubuthakathaka bemilenze noma ukukhubazeka, futhi ekugcineni zibulale.

**IMITHOMBO YAOLWAZI**
UMbuyiseni Ndlozi

**UMbuyiseni Quintin Ndlozi** MP (wazalwa ngomhlaziyi-9 kuMeyi 1985) Ungusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika futhi uyisishoshovusezombusazwe. Ubelokhu eyiLungu leSigungu Sikazwelonke, elimele ama-Economic Freedom Fighters, kusukela ngo-2014. Waphinde wasebenza njengomkhulumeli wokuqala osemthethweni  weqembu kwaze kwaba yilapho ethatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2020. Wathathelwa indawo njengomkhulumeli weqembu yilungu elifanayo le-Economic Freedom Fighters, isishoshovu sentsha I-Vuyani Pambo.

UNdlozi wakhulela IGauteng endaweni yaseVaal e-I-Evaton. Waqala ukuqaphela ezombusazwe ngo-1992 lapho umalume wakhe eboshwa amaphoyisa wobandlululo ngenxa yokushisekela kwakhe emisebenzini yomshoshaphansi yenhlangano yenkululeko.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;
Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula

**UNosiviwe Noluthando Mapisa-Nqakula** (owazalwa ziyi-13 kuLwezi ngonyaka we-1956) ungusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika obengu Somlomo wePhalamende likazwelonke kusukela ngo-Agasti 2021 kwaze kwaba yilapho ethatha khona umhlalaphansi mhla zi-3 kuNdasa kowezi 2024. Wayengu Ngqongqoshe WeKhabhinethi kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2004 kuya kunyaka wezi-2021, ngaphambilini uke wabauNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela Nezempi kusukela  kuNhlangulana ngonyaka wezi-2012 kuya kuNcwaba kunyaka wezi- 2021. Wayeyilungu elikhethiwe leKomidi elibusayo likazwelonke elaziwa ngokuthi I-UKhongolose  (ANC) kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2002 kuya kunyaka wezi-2022 futhi wayenguMongameli we-ANC Women's League

Wakhulela endaweni yase Eastern Cape, uMapisa-Nqakula waqeqeshwa njengothisha futhi wasebenza ekuthuthukiseni intsha kwaze kwaba unyaka we-1984, lapho eshiya iNingizimu Afrika walandela Umkhonto  weSizwe ekudingisweni. Wabuya eNingizimu Afrika  ngonyaka we-1990 uphinde waba ngumhleli kazwelonke we-ANC Women's League eyayisanda kuvuselelwa; kamuva nje waba unobhala-jikelele wayo kusukela ngonyaka we-1993 kuya kunyaka we-1997 ngaphansi kubuholi buka Nkk Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Wajoyina isishaya-mthetho Sikazwelonke njengomhleli  okhethweni jikelele ngoNdasa ngonyaka we-1994 futhi wengamela i-J*oint Standing Committee* IPhalamende ye-Intelligence kusukela ngonyaka we-1996 kuya ngonyaka wezi-2001.

Ukukhuphuka kwakhe kwezombusazwe kwashesha ngesikhathi sikaMongameli uThabo Mbeki, ayesondelene naye; ngoZibandlela ngonyaka wezi-2001, wamiswa njenge-Chief Whip ye-Majority Party, futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva waba yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphakathi ngaphansi kukaNgqongqosele uMhlonishwa uMangosuthu Buthelezi. Waba iphini likaNgqongqoshe kwaze kwaba ukhetho luka-Ndasa  ngonyaka wezi-2004, ngemuva kwalokho walandela Ikhabinethi kaMhlonishwa uMbeki njengongqongqoshe  ofanayo nesikhundla esifanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayenguMongameli we-ANC Women's League kusukela ngoNcwaba kunyaka wezi- 2003 kuya kuNtulikazi kunyaka  wezi-2008.

Ngemuva kokhetho lukaNdasa ngonyaka wezi-2009, uMongameli UJacob Zuma wamthuthela endaweni entsha njengoNgqongqoshe Wezinsizakalo Zokuqondisa, lapho akhonza khona kwaze kwaba yilapho emiswa njengoNgqongqongqoshe Wokuvikela Nezempi NgoNhlangulana ngonyaka wezi -2012. Wagcinwa esikhundleni sokugcina ngumlandeli kaZuma, uMongameli UCyril Ramaphosa, futhi wahlala enkonzweni cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-Mandulo ngonyaka wezi-2020, uMapisa-Nqakula wasolwa nguMongameli ngokusebenzisa indiza Ibutho Lasemoyeni LaseNingizimu Afrika ukuthutha ithimba le-ANC emhlanganweni weqembu lezombusazwe I-Harare. Waxoshwa kuKhabhinethi kaRamaphosa mhla ziyi- KuNcwaba ngonyaka wezi-2021 ngemuva kweziphithiphithi zomphakathi ezinzima, futhi wakhethwa njengesikhulumi mhla ziyi-19 kuNcwaba ngonyaka wezi- 2021.
UMfula iNcome

**Umfula iNcome** (Afrikaans: Bloedrivier) utholakala phakathi kwendawo yaseNquthu neyase Baqulusini (Vryheid) KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. Lo mfula unemithombo yawo emagqumeni aseNingizimu-Mpumalanga yesidlavela sase-Trehe (Utrecht). Ushiya izindawo eziphakeme uhlangane nemifudlana emibili IShurveberg ugeleza uhambe ethafeni elinesihlabathi. UMfula iNcome ungumfudlana omncane othelela umfula uThukela ohlangana nawo usuka eNyakatho-Mpumalanga.

Lo mfula waqanjwa ngeMpi yaseNcome lapho iNkosi uDingane yanqotshwa khona ngamaBhunu ngo-16 December 1838. Ngokokusho komunye umlando kuthiwa amanzi aba bomvu ngenxa yegazi lamadoda amaZulu afa lapha ngobuningi. Kwakuyimpi namaBhunu angu-464 nama-amabutho angaphezu kuka-30,000. Ukukhunjulwa kwalempi kwaholela ekutheni kube neholidi ngosuku lwe- 16 Disemba elibizwa ngokuthi **Usuku LwesiVumelano** (Afrikaans: Geloftedag) eNingizimu Afrika yobandlululo. Kubantu bakwaZulu lwabe lwaziwa ngokuthi usuku lukaDingane.  Ngo-1994, ngemuva kokufika kweNkululeko lwabizwa ngokuthi Usuku Lokubuyisana, iholidi laminyaka yonke elitholakala ngomhlaka -16 Disemba.

INcome itholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-20 eNingizimu-Ntshonalanga yedolobha lase-Vryheid, ingenye yezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinkulu kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika kanye nendawo yokuchitha ubusika yezinyoni ezifudukayo njengamadada namahansi.&nbsp;

## Imithombo Yolwazi
* Kajsa Norman, Bridge Over Blood River: The Rise and Fall of the Afrikaners, Hurst and Company, London, 2016,  .
ISADiLaR

**ISADiLaR** (Isikhungo SaseNingizimu Afrika Sezinsizakusebenza Zolimi Lwezibhangqiwe), iyisinyathelo esixhaswa UMnyango weNzululwazi Ezobuchwepheshe NoCandululo sokwakha nokuphatha imithombo yezezibhangqiwe *(digital)* kanye nehlelokusebenza elisekela ucwaningo nentuthuko yemithombo yolimi lwezezibhangqiwe eNingizimu Afrika.

## Umlando
Isungulwe ngowezi-2016, futhi ibekwe eNorth-West University,  iSADILaR ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngesikhungo sezinsizakusebenza esifefenyekayo, esivumelayo, esiphethe nesisabalalisa ucwaningo lwezezibhangqiwe oluhlobene nazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni zaseNingizimu Afrika. Isebenza kokubili njengesisingathi nanjengomnyombo  wezimfindo eziningi, kuhlanganisa namanye amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo kanye nemiqogelelo yomphakathi.

## Ama-Node
Ama-Node axhumene ne-SADILaR ahlanganisa;

* I-CSIR (iqembu Lokucwaninga le-HLT)
* I-Inter-institutional Centre for Language Development and Assessment  (ICELDA) 
* I-North-West University (Centre for Text Technology) 
* I-Stellenbosch University (Ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwabantwana) 
* I-University of Pretoria (i-Department of African Languages) 
* INyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika (Umnyango wezilimi zomdabu)

## Izinsiza zemfundo esimahla
Inhlangano iSADiLaR yanyakula umklamo obizwa iziNgqwele zeziNzisa zeMfundo esimahla kwezezibhangqiwe zoluntu, phecelezi *DH-OER Champions* ngenhloso yokuphekuzisa ugqozi nocwaningo ekusetshenzisweni noma ekudalweni kwezinsiza zemfundo esimahla kwezezibhangqiwe zoluntu (DH) emanyuvesi aseNingizimu afrika.

Ukusungulwa kwebhidli le- DH-OER kwanika ababambiqhaza ithuba lokuzibonela indlela izingqwele zemfundo yasimahla (osongqondonkulu, abacwaningi, nabafundi) bakolunye uqeqesho, ezinye izikhungo, nezinye izifunda zakuleli (naphesheya) ezingasebenzisa ngayo izinsiza zemfundo yasimahla (OER) oqeqeshweni oluhlukene.  Iziphumo zemiklamo zifakiwe kwisizindalwebu sakwa SADiLaR Educator Track page 

## Ukusebenzisana
ISADILaR inokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Wikipedia ne-Pan South African Language Board. Zobabili lezi zinhlangano zaqala umklamo we-SWiP e-University of South Africa kuMandulo 2023. ISWiP ikhuthaza ukulingana phakathi kwazo zonke izilimi zomdabu futhi ikhuthaza imiphakathi yezilimi eNingizimu Afrika ukuba ibonakale kakhulu ku-Wikipedia futhi ithumele ulwazi ngolimi lwayo.

## Amaphatho
Iqhugwane

**Iqhugwane** yindlu yesiZulu eyindilinga. Ivamise ukuba nomnyango omfushane ngoba ayiphakeme njengezinye izindlu ngokwesakhiwo sayo. Ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi uguqasithandaze.  Uphahla lwakhona nalo lwakhiwe ngezintungo notshani.  Udonga lwakhona kuyenzeka lwakhiwe ngotshani noma ngodaka.  Uma ungena khona awukwazi ukungena umile kodwa uguqa ngamadolo.
Umemulo

***Umemulo*** usiko lwamaZulu lokukhulisa intombazane. Lolu siko lwenzelwa intomabazane eneminyaka enga-21, kodwa ungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuphila kowesifazane.   [impikiswano - ukuxoxisana] Kuyahlukahluka futhi kuxhomeke ezimweni. imicikilisho ihlanganisa ukubulala inkomo kanye nomdanso wesiko lwamaZulu okubalwa *ukusina* ehilela umkhonto nezivakashi ezinikeza owesifazane osemusha imali nezinye izibusiso. Umemulo wesifazane ubonisa ukuthi manje usekulungele ukushada. Intombazane kufanele ihlale izinsuku eziyi-7 ku nabangane bayo futhi iprakthize izingoma zomkhosi. Ngosuku lwesikhombisa, amantombazane avuka ekuseni kakhulu bese eya emfuleni oseduze ukuyogeza. Lapho bebuya, intombazane inikezwa umkhonto futhi igqoke amafutha asesiswini senkomo (Umhlwehlwe) bese becula izingoma zomdabu futhi bedansa futhi abantu banikeza izipho futhi babambe imali entombazaneni njengesipho.
Imbongolo

## '''Imbongolo''' isilwane esilungile esisetshenziswayo emakhaya. Abanye abayithandi bathi iyanuka kanti noma inuka inomsebenzi omkhulu ewenzayo. Iyasiza ukuthutha impahla emakhaya, ukulima kanjalo nokuthutha amanzi. Ingcono kakahulu kunehhashi lona ellizulayo, yona ayizuli ihlezi ikhona.
Ngiyayithanda imbongolo ngenhliziyo yami yonke.
Xoliswa Mtose

UXoliswa Mtose ungumuntu wesifazane owazalelwa e-Eastern Cape, esifundazweni saseNingizimu Africa. Wafunda wagogoda waze wafika naseqophelweni eliphezulu kwezemfundo. Lokho kufakazelwa isikhundla ake ahlala kuso. Unkosikazi Mtose ubengusolwazi ophethe esikhungweni sumfundo ephakeme esaziwa njenge Nyuvesi YakwaZulu eNyakatho yakwaZulu kude buduze nendawo lapho kukhonjwa khona ithuna lendlovukazi uNandi kaBhebhe Mhlongo, Owayezala inkosi uShaka Zulu KaSenzangakhona kaNdaba.

## Umlando
UXoliswa Mtose wayeyisekela khansela lokufundisa nokufunda e-Unizulu ngo-Ncwaba 2014, lapho uFikile Mazibuko eshiya isikhundla njengephini lekhansela le-Unizulu. Umkhandlu waseyunivesithi wamkhetha njengesekela lekhansela kuze kube yilapho isikhundla sizogcwaliswa khona. Iphaneli elifushane, lapho uMtose ngokwakhe abekwa khona, lathola ukuthi abakhethiwe abahlanu abazange bahlangabezane nezidingo ezincane zesikhundla. Abalingiswa abane abasele benqatshwa kamuva. NgoMasingana 2016 uMtose wenziwa inhlolokhono  inhlolokhono njengoba kwakuwuyena yedwa owayesele okhethelwe isikhundla sesekela khansela, wabe eseqokwa. 

Ngo-Mandulo 2016 uMtose wagxekwa ngokuchitha izimali zaseyunivesithi endaweni yokuhlala engaphandle kwekhempasi eMtunzini, ngokufaka ifenisha ebizayo endlini yakhe, ngokuya e-Melika ngenkathi inyuvesi ivaliwe ngemuva kokubhikisha kwezisebenzi ngemiholo ephansi, nangokwamukela ibhonasi yokusebenza ngaphandle kwenqubomgomo yebhonasi eyayikhona. Ngo-Mandulo 2017 owayengumfundi wase-Unizulu wenza izinsolo zenkohlakalo nokungaphathwa kahle ezibhekise kuMtose.

Ngo- 2019 UMtose wanikwa onogada, Ngemuva kokuthi kubulawe uGregory Mwendo, okwakuwumphathi wezobuciko, ngenxa yonkwenqaba kwakhe ukuvumela iziphakamiso ezingaphansi kwezinga.

NgoMashi 2020 uMtose wabhekana nokubhikisha kwabafundi befuna ukususwa kwakhe esikhundleni. Wavikelwa UNomarashiya Caluza, okwakuwusihlalo womkhandlu waseyunivesithi: 

USolwazi Mtose ukwazile ukukhipha lesi sikhungo esimweni esingesihle, sintengantenga kusuka kumphathi kuya kwesinye, asifake esikhungweni esimile. Ukugxila kwakhe ekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo kuholele ekwenyukeni kwabasebenzi abanePhD kusuka ku-30% ngo-2015 kuya ku-50% ngo-2020.

## References
Ijele

**Ijele** elibuye laziwe ngokuthi **itilongo** yindawo eyakhiwe yokugcina abantu abephula umthethosisekelo okungaba okahulumeni noma owamalungelo abantu. **Ijele** kungacishe kuhlawumpiselwe ukuthi laliyitulo labacindezeli lokuphumelelisa izinhloso zabo ngokushova abathile kulo okwakukholakala ukuthi banagamavukelambuso  

## Imithombo Yolwazi
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781351308120/prisoners-prison-societies-ulla-bondeson
Umshado

Umshado izinga labantu asebekhulile base bevumelana ukuthi sebengaqala bahlale ndawonye bakhande umndeni ukuze bakhe umuzi wabo. Imvamisa kunesivumelwano sabantu abadala  abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye. Abazali bayajabula bese benza umcimbi wokubabungaza uma sebehlanganisa imindeni emibili ndawonye. Kuyajatshulwa uma sebehlanganiswa wonke umndeni uyabahalalisela. Ikakhulu abomndeni kamkhwenyana bathola umakoti  bese kuthi bakamakoti  bathola umkhwenyana bese bembiza ngendodana yabo.
Sithembiso Mthembu

## '''Sithembiso Mthembu'''

##### USithembiso Mthembu ungumfundi ofunda eNyuvesi yakwaZulu. Wazalelwa endaweni yakwaDlangezwa, esigodini saseNkonjane.

###### Imithombo Yolwazi
Mthembu, S. (2023). Homosexuality is not Contemporary in South Africa: The Perceptions of Traditional and Religious Leaders towards Homosexuality. *African Journal of Gender, Society & Development*, *12*(3), 53.
UMNTWANA UBHEKINTINTA KAPHUMANYOVA

**UMntwana uEugene Bhekintinta** kaPhumanyova kaBhokwe kaZibhebhu kaMaphitha kaSojiyisa kaJama Zulu uyiNkosi yesizwe sakwaMandlakazi, KwaNongoma, KwaZulu Natal. Indlu yakwaMandlakazi ingezinye zezindlu ezihlonishwayo embusweni wesizwe samaZulu. UMntwana usehole isizwe sakwaMandlakazi kusukela ngo-1978. INkosi yakha isigodlo sayo esaziwa ngokuthi ise-EBhanganoma. 

Ukhokho weNkosi uBhekintinta uZibhebhu kaMaphitha wabe ezalwa endlini kaMaphitha. Wabe ezalwa endlini yakwaMandlakazi okwabe kungumuzi owethiwa nguyisemkhulu uSojiyisa. Wabe elama intombazane egama layo kunguMntwana uNsabeka. Ibutho lakhe kwabe kunguMxhapho. UZibhebhu waba induna yebutho uDloko.  Waganwa iNdlunkulu uMaSithole indodakazi yeNkosi uMatshana eQhudeni egama layo kwakunguGeja. 

## Imithombo yolwazi
IZITHAKAZELO ZAKWAMDLETSHE

**IZITHAKAZELO ZAKWAMDLETSHE NEZINDLU ZAKHONA**

Msidazwe Mnomo 

Mfuyimatshe abanye befuye izinkomo yamulela

Ngomane

Msushwana

Mganu owahluma emini kwaMandlakazi kwathi ebusuku wawohloka

Ntulizankomo abavela kwaMbokazi

Mhlane obanzi obeletha indluvu nethole layo

Skhumba esahlula abashuki baso saze sayoshukwa ama
Iphela

Isilwane isithanda ukuhlala ezindlini zabantu sithanda lapho kungcole khona siyikhona nokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu ewu (13min) 

by sakhile The creative thinker