Bagrut certificate

**Te'udat Bagrut** ( Hebrew   , *kukhanyisiwe.* "isitifiketi ukuvuthwa", Arabhu : شهادة بجروت) kuyinto isitifiketi efakazela ukuthi umfundi isidlulile ngempumelelo Israyeli esikoleni esiphakeme ka- kamatikuletsheni luhlolo.IBagrut iyimfuneko yemfundo ephakeme kwa-Israyeli. 

## Ukubuka konke
Isitifiketi saseBagrut sinikezwa nguMnyango Wezemfundo wakwa -Israyeli kubafundi abaphasa izivivinyo ezibhalwe phansi (futhi kwezinye izimo zomlomo) izivivinyo zezihloko ezinamamaki okudlula (55% noma ngaphezulu) esivivinyweni ngasinye.Isitifiketi Bagrut Nokho akufanele kudidaniswe nge -diploma esikoleni esiphakeme *(te'udat g'mar tichon,* Hebrew   ، Isi-Arabhu : شهادة انهاء الثانويّة), okuyisitifiketi esikhishwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo esifakazela ukuthi umfundi uqede iminyaka eyi-12 yokufunda.Izikolo zeBagrut zingenye yezinqubo ezihlolwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamayunithi aphambili ezempi kanye nezikhungo zemfundo zakwa-Israyeli.Ezinye izindlela zibandakanya amamaki ezikole zamabanga aphezulu kanye nePsychometric Entrance Test .

Ukuhlolwa kweBagrut kuvame ukuqhathaniswa  eya eNew York State Regents Examinations, izivivinyo ze-College Board 's Advanced Placement (AP), amaBritish A-level, ama- Abitur aseJalimane kanye ne-European Matura .

## Izivivinyo zeBagrut
Ukuhlolwa kweBagrut kuhlola ulwazi ngezifundo ezifundwe esikoleni esiphakeme. Inqubo yokubhala umatikuletsheni kwa-Israyeli igadwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo wezwe.Ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke izifundo eziphoqelekile kanye nezifundo eziningi zokukhetha kuklanywa futhi kwabhalwa nguMnyango, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha isilinganiso esijwayelekile solwazi lwabafundi ezweni lonke.Ezikoleni eziphakeme ezigxile ezifundweni, iminyaka emibili edlule yezifundo yenzelwe ukulungiselela abafundi izivivinyo ze-bagrut.

### Izihloko eziphoqelekile

* Amayunithi ama-3-5 olimi lwesiNgisi (olubhaliwe nolomlomo) nezincwadi
* Amayunithi ama-3-5 eMathematics
* Amayunithi ama-2 ezomphakathi
* Amayunithi ama-2 Umlando Jikelele nowakwa-Israyeli
* Amayunithi 2 isiHebheru / Arabhu kanye elihunyushwe emhlabeni izincwadi (+ wamaJuda ezikoleni zenkolo nesimo)
* Okungenani okukhethiwe okukodwa okungu-5, njengejografi, i-physics, i-chemistry, i-biology, i-computer yesayensi, isi-Arabhu, isiFulentshi, isayensi yezenhlalo, ukunwetshwa kwemfundo yokuzivocavoca umzimba (okubandakanya i-psychology ne-physiology)  njll. Kungenzeka futhi ukunweba isiyalo seyunithi e-2 siye kumayunithi ama-5, noma ukubhala ithisisi yesitayela semfundo ebiza amayunithi ama-5 ngesiyalo esithile.

**Izifundo ezincike ezikoleni**

* Sezenkolo imiBhalo :
** Izikole zombuso - amayunithi ama-2 weBhayibheli lesiHeberu
** Izikole zezenkolo zombuso - amayunithi ama-3 eBhayibheli lesiHeberu, amayunithi amathathu i- Oral Torah neTalmud
** Izikole zama-Arabhu - iyunithi elilodwa lamaSulumane, lamaKrestu noma lamaDruze namasiko namagugu ("inkolo namagugu" wamaKristu )
* Ulimi
** Izikole zamaJuda - amayunithi amabili wohlelo lolimi lwesiHeberu nokwakheka
** Izikole zama-Arabhu - amayunithi ama-3 uhlelo lolimi lwesi-Arabhu nokwakheka, amayunithi ama-3 wohlelo lolimi lwesiHeberu nokwakheka

**Izifundo zangaphakathi** ziyimpoqo kuphela kubafundi abafunde esimweni sendabuko esikoleni esiphakeme (akufakiwe ebangeni eliphakathi)

* Amahora we-180 Imfundo Yomzimba (60 ngonyaka ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3)
* Izifundo ezimbili "zemfundo ejwayelekile", amahora angama-30 lilinye
* Isingeniso samahora angama-90 kwisayensi (amahora amathathu ngeviki unyaka owodwa)
* Umsebenzi wokuzithandela wamahora angu-180

### Izinga lokushaya nelokuphasa
Izivivinyo eziningi zitholakala emazingeni ahlukene obunzima, avezwe "kumayunithi wokufunda".Ezifundweni eziningi, abafundi bangakhetha inani lamayunithi abahlolwa kuwo.Ukuze uthole isitifiketi “esigcwele” sikamatikuletsheni, umfundi kufanele athathe futhi aphumelele okungenani ukuhlolwa okukodwa kwezifundo ezingeni lobunzima lamayunithi ama-5 futhi athole inani lamayunithi okungenani angama-21 ahlangene okufunda kuzo zonke izivivinyo ze-bagrut ezithathiwe.Ngokunjalo, ukwakheka kwamakilasi abafundi phakathi neminyaka yabo yokufunda esikoleni samabanga aphezulu kufaniswa namayunithi abafundi okulindeleke ukuthi bafunde kuwo lapho bezohlolwa khona ezivivinyweni zabo ze-bagrut.Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, umfundi ohlela ukwenza isivivinyo se-5-unit mathematics uzothatha izifundo zezibalo eziklanyelwe izinga lobunzima lamayunithi ama-5 kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wesikole esiphakeme.

U-65.5% wabafundi abaphothule esikoleni esiphakeme sakwa-Israeli sakwa-2014, noma abanye abantu abafundela ukuhlolwa kuka-2014 (imvamisa abantu abasebenza empini ngemuva kokuphoqeleka abagcwalisa izidingo zeBagrut kamuva empilweni ukuze bafake isicelo semfundo ephakeme) sebedlulise izidingo zokufanelekela ukuthola iBagrut isitifiketi.Kubantu bonke ababeneminyaka yobudala yokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-2019, ama-76.1% ayenelungelo lokuthola isitifiketi seBagrut. 

## Umlando wakamuva
Ikhophi yezivivinyo zezibalo zango-2010 (emazingeni amane kuya kwayisihlanu) yadalulwa izitshudeni, kodwa uthisha wabikela iziphathimandla kwafakwa okunye ukuhlolwa. 

Ngo-2011, iphesenti labaneminyaka engu-17 abaphumelela izivivinyo zebanga leshumi lenyuka laya kumaphesenti angama-48.3, futhi nenani labafundi ababhala izivivinyo kuzo zombili izinhlelo zezikole zamaJuda nezama-Arab zakhula. 

Muva nje, kusukela ngo-2021, zonke izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zezivivinyo ze-bagrut sehlisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga eliphakeme lokuphasa ngenxa yobhadane lweCoronavirus olwavimbela abafundi ukuthi baye ezikoleni njengoba bebejwayele ukwenza.

Futhi, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izivivinyo ze-bagrut zisaputshuka imizuzu engu-5-10 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqala kwezivivinyo.

## Izinkomba