open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asosa (woreda)

**I-Asosa** noma **Assosa** yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Benishangul-Gumuz, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Agaro

**I-Agaro** noma **Haggaro** yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Waliso

**IWaliso** yi-woreda futhi yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifunda se Southwest Shewa, esifundazweni se-Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Isara (woreda)

**I-Isara** yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Loma (woreda)

**ILoma** yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Sodo, Itiyopiya

**ISodo** noma **Wolaita Sodo** yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Awasa

**I-Awasa** noma **Hawassa** yi-woreda futhi yidolobhakazi eliyisiqongo sezifundazwe ezimbili, okuyi Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region kanye ne Sidama, leli dolobha lisezweni lase I-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Maichew

**IMaychew** noma **Maichew** yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tigray, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Tahtay Koraro

**ITahtay Koraro** noma **Tahtai Koraro** yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tigray, e-Itiyopiya.

## Imithombo
Dwayne Johnson

**U-Dwayne Douglas Johnson** (owazalwa ngoNhlaba 2, 1972), owaziwa nangendandatho yakhe iRock, ungumlingisi waseMelika-waseCanada, umkhiqizi, usomabhizinisi, umlingisi osethathe umhlalaphansi, nowayengumdlali webhola laseMelika kanye nomdlali webhola waseCanada. Ebhekwa kabanzi njengomunye wabadlali abaphambili kunabo bonke, walwela iWorld Wrestling Federation (WWF, kamuva iWWE) iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokulandela umsebenzi wokulingisa. Amafilimu akhe enze imali engaphezu kwama-$3.5 billion eNyakatho Melika nase-$10.5 billion emhlabeni jikelele, okumenza abe ngomunye wabalingisi abahola kakhulu emhlabeni.

U-Johnson wayengumdlali webhola lasekolishi e-University of Miami, awina naye isicoco sikazwelonke ngo-1991. Wayefisa ukuba ngumpetha ebholeni futhi wangena kwiNFL Draft yango-1995, kodwa wahamba engalungiswanga. Usayine neCalgary Stampers yeCanada Football League (CFL), kepha wasikwa eqenjini ngesizini yakhe yokuqala. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, waqala ukuqeqeshwa njengomqeqeshi we-wrestler.

Ngo-1996, uJohnson wathola inkontileka neWWF futhi wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba ngumlwi wesizukulwane sesithathu sokuqala emlandweni weWWF, njengoba eyindodana kaRocky Johnson nomzukulu kaPeter Maivia. Waphakama wagqama ngemuva kokuthuthukisa umuntu onomusa, oqhoshayo, okhuluma udoti. Unqobe umqhudelwano wakhe wokuqala we-WWF ngo-1998 futhi wasiza ekungeniseni i-Attitude Era, okuyisikhathi se-industry boom ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000. Ngo-2004, washiya i-WWE wayokwenza umsebenzi wokulingisa. Ubuye ngo-2011 njengomuntu obambe amatoho kwaze kwaba u-2013, wabonakala ngezikhathi ezithile waze wathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2019.

Ebhekwa njengomunye wabadlali abaphambili kunabo bonke nabadonsa kakhulu kunabo bonke, uJohnson uhlonze umcimbi othengwa kakhulu we-wrestling pay-per-view umcimbi owake waba khona (iWrestleMania XXVIII) futhi waboniswa phakathi kweziqephu ezibukwa kakhulu zezinhlelo zombili zethelevishini zeWWE (Raw kanye neSmackDown). Ungumpetha we-Intercontinental Champion amahlandla amabili, umpetha weqembu lamathegi amahlandla ayisihlanu, umpetha womhlaba wezikhathi eziyishumi, ophumelele umdlalo weRoyal Rumble, nompetha weWWE wesithupha weTriple Crown.

Uhlu lwe-Movie kaDwayne Johnson:

* I-Beyond The Mat (1999)
* Umama Uyabuya (2001)
* I-Longshot (2001)
* IScorpion King (2002)
* I-Rundown (2003)
* Ukuhamba Okude (2004)
* Yiba Pholile (2005)
* Inhlekelele (2005)
* Iplanethi 51 (2009)
* I-Fast and Furious 6 (2013)
* Ukufutheka 7 (2015)
* I-Fate of The Furious (2017)
* I-Baywatch (2017)
* Jumanji: Siyakwamukela ku-The Jungle (2017)
* Ngiyabonga (2018)
* I-Skyscraper (2018)
* IJumanji: Izinga Elilandelayo (2019)
* I-Jungle Cruise

## Imithombo
Meki, Itiyopiya

**IMeki** noma **Maqii** yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo se-woreda iDugda.

## Imithombo
Sheraro

**ISheraro** yi-woreda futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tigray, e-Itiyopiya. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo se-woreda iTahtay Adiyabo.

## Imithombo
Areka

**I-Areka** yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo se-woreda i-Boloso Sore.

## Imithombo
Mojo, Itiyopiya

**IMojo** noma **Moojoo** yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo se-woreda iLome.

## Imithombo
Jinka

**IJinka** yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se South Omo.

## Imithombo
Moyale

**IMoyale** yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sama-woreda amabili okuyi Moyale yase Somali kanye neMoyale yase Oromia.

## Imithombo
Izifundazwe zase Ningizimu Sudan

INingizimu Sudan inezingxenye ezintathu kanye nezifundazwe eziyi-13.

## Izingxenye
# Bahr el Ghazal
# Equatoria
# Greater Upper Nile

## Izifundazwe
#Northern Bahr el Ghazal
#Western Bahr el Ghazal
#Lakes
#Warrap
#Western Equatoria
#Central Equatoria
#Eastern Equatoria
#Jonglei
#Unity
#Upper Nile
#Abyei (isifundazwe esikhethekile)
#Pibor (isifundazwe esikhethekile)
#Ruweng (isifundazwe esikhethekile)

## Okuhlobene
* Izifunda zase Ningizimu Sudan

## Imithombo
Uhlu lwezifundazwe zaseNingizimu Sudan ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu

Ngezansi uhlu lwezifundazwe zase Ningizimu Sudan ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu onyakeni wezi-2018.

## Okuhlobene
* Uhlu lwamazwe ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu

## Imithombo
Zeferino Nandayapa

**UZeferino Nandayapa Ralda** (Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Agasti 26, 1931 - Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico, December 28, 2010) 1 WayenguMarimbista waseMexico, umqambi nomhleli owazalelwa eChiapa de Corzo.

## Imithombo
Abyei Area

**I-Abyei** noma **Abyei Area** yisifundazwe esikhethekile esilawulwa ngamazwe amabili okuyi Sudan kanye ne Ningizimu Sudan ngokubambisana.

## Imithombo
Izifunda zase Ningizimu Sudan

INingizimu Sudan inezifunda ezingama-79. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifunda ngaphansi kwezifundazwe ezitholakala kuzona.

## [[Northern Bahr el Ghazal]]

#Aweil Center
#Aweil East
#Aweil North
#Aweil South
#Aweil West

## [[Western Bahr el Ghazal]]

#Jur River
#Raja
#Wau

## [[Lakes (isifundazwe)|Lakes]]

# Awerial
# Cueibet
# Rumbek Center
# Rumbek East
# Rumbek North
# Wulu
# Yirol East
# Yirol West

## [[Warrap (isifundazwe)|Warrap]]

# Gogrial East
# Gogrial West
# Tonj East
# Tonj North
# Tonj South
# Twic

## [[Western Equatoria]]

# Ezo
# Ibba
# Maridi
# Mundri East
# Mundri West
# Mvolo
# Nagero
# Nzara
# Tambura
# Yambio

## [[Central Equatoria]]

# Juba
# Kajo Keji
# Lainya
# Morobo
# Terekeka
# Yei

## [[Eastern Equatoria]]

# Budi
# Ikotos
# Kapoeta East
# Kapoeta North
# Kapoeta South
# Lafon
# Magwi
# Torit

## [[Jonglei (isifundazwe)|Jonglei]]

# Akobo
# Ayod
# Bor
# Duk
# Fangak
# Nyirol
# Pigi
# Twic East
# Uror

## [[Unity (isifundazwe)|Unity]]

# Guit
# Koch
# Leer
# Mayiandit
# Mayom
# Panyijar
# Rubkona

## [[Upper Nile (isifundazwe)|Upper Nile]]

# Baliet
# Fashoda
# Longechuk
# Maban
# Maiwut
# Malakal
# Manyo
# Melut
# Nasir
# Panykang
# Renk
# Ulang

## [[Ruweng Area|Ruweng]]

# Abiemnom
# Pariang

## [[Pibor Area|Pibor]]

# Pibor
# Pochalla

## Okuhlobene
* Izifundazwe zase Ningizimu Sudan

## Imithombo
Aweil Center County

**I-Aweil Center** yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Northern Bahr el Ghazal, eNingizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Aweil North County

**I-Aweil North** yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Northern Bahr el Ghazal, eNingizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Jur River County

**IJur River** yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Western Bahr el Ghazal, eNingizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Mundri West County

**IMundri West** yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Western Equatoria, eNingizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Terekeka County

**ITerekeka** yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Central Equatoria, eNingizimu Sudan. Leli gama elithi "Terekeka" lichaza into elahliwe noma ekhohliwe.

## Imithombo
Nika Melia

**UNikanor Melia** (owazalwa ngomhlaka 21 Disemba 1979) ungusopolitiki waseGeorgia ongusihlalo we-United National Movement futhi uyilungu lephalamende laseGeorgia. Ubeyilungu lephalamende laseGeorgia esuka ku-United National Movement kusuka ngo-2016 kuya ku-2019. Esikhundleni sakhe kungene uBadri Basishvili. Uneziqu ze-master in International Relations azithola e-Oxford Brookes University.

Nguyena kuphela ophakanyisiwe ophikisayo othathe indawo yokuqala kunoma yimiphi imizuliswano yokhetho lwango-2020. Ukhetho lomthetho lwaseGeorgia, kepha waduba futhi akazange abambe iqhaza emzuliswaneni wesibili.

NgoJuni 2019 wadedelwa ngebheyili ethweswe icala lokuhlela noma lokulawula udlame lwamaqembu noma ukubamba iqhaza kulo, ngesikhathi semibhikisho yangoJuni 20 kuJuni eGeorgia eTbilisi.

## Imithombo
Durban Gen

**IDurban Gen** ngumdlalo wakumabonakude waseNingizimu Afrika, ophathelene nezempilo. Ngumdlalo owaqanjwa yi-e.tv, waqoshwa yi-Stained Glass TV Production. Wenziwa edolobheni elikhulu ITheku, futhi uxoxa ngezimpilo zodokotela nonompilo abasebenza e-Durban General Hospital kanye nezinqinamba ababhekana nazo mihla yonke.

## Imithombo
Malakal

**IMalakal** yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Upper Nile, eNingizimu Sudan. Ngobukhulu benani labantu lelidolobha lilandela iJuba.

## Imithombo
Juba, Ningizimu Sudan

**IJuba** yidolobhakazi eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe i-Central Equatoria futhi liphinde libe yisiqongo sezwe lase Ningizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Aweil, Ningizimu Sudan

**I-Aweil** yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Northern Bahr el Ghazal, eNingizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Uhlu lwezifundazwe zaseSudan ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu

Ngezansi uhlu lwezifundazwe zase Sudan ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu onyakeni wezi-2018.

## Okuhlobene
* Uhlu lwamazwe ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu

## Imithombo
Izifundazwe zase Sudan

ISudan inezifundazwe eziyi-18. Ngezansi uhlu lwezifundazwe zase Sudan. 

## Izifundazwe
# Khartoum
# North Kordofan
# Northern
# Kassala
# Blue Nile
# North Darfur
# South Darfur
# South Kordofan
# Gezira
# White Nile
# River Nile
# Red Sea
# Al Qadarif
# Sennar
# West Darfur
# Central Darfur
# East Darfur 
# West Kordofan

### Isifundazwe esikhethekile
*Abyei
**Lesifundazwe sikumngcele ohlukanisa amazwi amabili okuyi Sudan kanye ne Ningizimu Sudan futhi silawulwa yilamazwe womabili ngokubambisana.

## Okuhlobene
* Izifunda zase Sudan

## Imithombo
Izifunda zase Sudan

ISudan inezifunda ezingama-85. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifunda ngaphansi kwezifundazwe ezitholakala kuzona.

## [[Gezira (isifundazwe)|Gezira]]

# Al Kamlin
# Sharq al Gazera
# North al Gazera
# Al Managil
# South al Gazera
# Um Al Gura
# East al Gazera

## [[Al Qadarif (isifundazwe)|Al Qadarif]]

# Al Faw
# Al Gadaref
# Al Rahd
# Al Galabat

## [[Blue Nile (isifundazwe)|Blue Nile]]

# Ad Damazin
# Al Roseires
# Geissan
# Baw
# Al Kurumik

## [[Kassala (isifundazwe)|Kassala]]

# Seteet
# Nahr Atbara
# Kassala
# Al Gash
# Hamashkorieb
# Al Fushqa

## [[Khartoum (isifundazwe)|Khartoum]]

# Khartoum
# Um Badda
# Omdurman
# Karary
# Khartoum Bahri
# Sharg En Nile
# South Khartoum

## [[North Darfur]]

# Mellit
# Kutum
# Kabkabiya
# Al Fasher
# Um Kadada

## [[North Kordofan]]

# Sowdari
# Jebrat al Sheikh
# Sheikan
# Bara
# Um Rawaba
# En Nuhud
# Ghebeish

## [[Northern (isifundazwe), Sudan|Northern]]

# Wadi Halfa
# Dongola
# Merawi
# Addabah

## [[Red Sea (isifundazwe)|Red Sea]]

# Halayeb
# Port Sudan
# Sinkat
# Tokar

## [[River Nile (isifundazwe)|River Nile]]

# Abu Hamad
# Berber
# Ad Damer
# Atbara
# Shendi
# Al Matammah

## [[Sennar (isifundazwe)|Sennar]]

# Sennar
# Singa
# Ad Dinder

## [[South Darfur]]

# Kas
# Edd al Fursan
# Nyala
# Shearia
# Al Deain
# Adayala
# Buram
# Tulus
# Rehed al Birdi

## [[South Kordofan]]

# Dilling
# Rashad
# Abu Jubaiyah
# Talodi
# Kadugli
# Lagawa
# As Salam
# Abyei

## [[West Darfur]]

# Kulbus
# Al Geneina
# Zallingi
# Jebel Marra
# Habillah
# Wadi Salih
# Mukjar

## [[White Nile (isifundazwe)|White Nile]]

# Ad Douiem
# Al Gutaina
# Kosti
# Al Jabalian

## Okuhlobene
* Izifundazwe zase Sudan

## Imithombo
Abyei District

**I-Abyei** kwakuyisifunda esasingaphansi kwesifundazwe se West Kurdufan, eSudan. Lesifunda kwaphela ngaso ngenkathi kuqedwa isifundazwe se West Kurdufan ngonyaka wezi-2005. Lesifunda sesiyingxenye ye-Abyei, elawulwa yi-Sudan kanye ne Ningizimu Sudan.

## Imithombo
Amee

**UTrần Huyền My**, owaziwa nangokuthi **u-Amee** (owazalwa ngoMashi 23, 2000) ungumculi nomlingisi waseVietnam.  Uqale ukunaka izethameli ngo-2019 ngesikhathi ekhipha ingoma yakhe yokuqala ethi “Anh Nha O Dau The”.

Futhi ngo-2019, uwine iGrammy Vietnam yakhe yokuqala ye- “The Best New Artist” kuma-Dedication Music Awards 2019. Lo mculi okhuphukayo uqeqeshwe iminyaka emi-4 futhi wavela ngaphansi kwe-ST.319 Entertainment.

## Uhlu lưezingoma

* Nếu mai chia tay (2018) x MONSTAR
* EX'S HATE ME (2019) x B Ray x Masew
* Anh nhà ở đâu thế (2019) x B Ray
* Phố hàng nóng (2019) x Kay Trần
* Đen đá không đường (2019)
* Anh đánh rơi người yêu này (2019) ft Andiez Nam Trương
* Dấu yêu vô hình (2019) x OSAD
* Trời giấu trời mang đi (2019) x ViruSs
* Giận Muốn Chết Đến Tết Cũng Quên(2020) (OST 30 Chưa phải Tết) x Huỳnh James
* Do for love (2020) x B Ray x Masew
* 1000x (Ngàn lần) (2020) x Lou Hoàng x Rhymastic
* Sao anh chưa về nhà (2020) ft Ricky Star
* Yêu thì yêu không yêu thì yêu (2020)
* dreAMEE (album) (2020)
* Ex's hate me (Part 2) (2020)
* Mama boy (2020)
* Em bé (2020) x Karik
* Từ thích thích thành thương thương x Hoàng Dũng
* Tình bạn diệu kỳ (2021) x Ricky Star x Lăng LD
## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

* https://m.facebook.com/ameest319/|Facebook
* https://instagram.com/ameemee_m?igshid=1uq8d1fp0zg7p|Instagram
* English online courses: English subtitles of Amee's song
Ukhahlamba

**Ukhahlamba** yizintaba ezinkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Afrika. Enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala oSotho, lapho ezaziwa khona ngokuthi **Maloti**. Ukhahlamba luphinde lwaziwe ngezimphophoma zalo eziningi, nemidwebo emigedeni eyadwetshwa ngama khoi khoi. UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park, eyasungulwa ngonyaka ka 2000, iyi UNESCO World Heritage Site esingatha inxenye yalezi zintaba.

## Imifanekiso

## Imithombo
Amapiano

**I-Amapiano** ( isiXhosa esisho "the pianos "  ) isitayela somculo we- house esavela eNingizimu Afrika  ngo-2012. Kuyingxube ye- deep house, i-jazz kanye nomculo wokuphumula obonakala ngama-synths, ama-airy pad nama-bassline abanzi.  Ihlukaniswa ngamaculo opiyano aphakeme kakhulu, olayini be- Kwaito basslines, izigqi ze-low tempo 90s zaseNingizimu Afrika nezingoma ezivela kolunye uhlobo lwasendaweni lwe-house eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Bacardi . 

## Umsuka
Nakuba lolu hlobo lomculo lwathola ukuduma eKatlehong, ilokishi elisempumalanga yeGoli, kuningi okungaqondakali kanye nenkulumompikiswano mayelana nemvelaphi yalo, kulandisa okuhlukahlukene kwezitayela zomculo emalokishini aseGoli - Soweto, Alexandra, Vosloorus nase Katlehong . Ngenxa yokufana kohlobo ne-Bacardi, abanye abantu bathi lolu hlobo lwaqala ePitoli . Ama-akhawunti ahlukahlukene okuthi ubani owakha uhlobo oludumile akwenza kube nzima ukukhomba ngokunembile umsuka walo.   

Isici esibalulekile sohlobo ukusetshenziswa "kwesigubhu se-log", ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubangelwa umculi we-amapiano MDU a.k.a TRP. Iphayona le-Amapiano uKabza De Small uthe:Angazi ukuthi kwenzekani. Angazi ukuthi wacabanga kanjani isigubhu se-log. Umculo we-Amapiano uhlale ekhona, kodwa nguye owaqhamuka nomsindo wesigubhu se-log. Laba bafana njengokuzama. Bahlala behlola ama-plug-ins amasha. Ngakho lapho uMDU ecabanga, wagijima nayo.

## Ukuduma
Ngo-2019, lolu hlobo lwathola ukuthandwa okukhulayo ezwenikazi lonke lase- Afrika ngokwanda okuphawulekayo kokusakazwa kwedijithali nempumelelo yamashadi emazweni akude nemvelaphi yawo yaseNingizimu Afrika. 

## Izithenjwa
Buwaidhaa

**IBuwaidhaa** noma **Al-Buwaidhaa** yidolobha elincane elimaphakathi nezwe lase eSudan. Leli dolobha lisempumalanga yomfula iBlue Nile.

## Imithombo
Khartoum

**IKhartoum** noma **Khartum** yidolobha eliyisiqongo sezwe lase Sudan futhi liphinde libe yisiqongo sesifundazwe se Khartoum.

## Imithombo
Umculo wohlobo lwe-Eletronic Dance

**Umculo Wohlobo Lwe-Electronic dance**, oyaye ubizwe ngokuthi **EDM**, (electronica noma dance ngokujwayelekile) uhlobo lomculo we-electronic odalelwe ukuba usinelwe, ezindaweni ezinjengama-night club, discothèque noma emicimbini yobumnandi.
Umculo Wohlobo Lwe-Eletronic

**Umculo Wohlobo Lwe-Electronic** umculo owenziwe ngezinsizakusebenza ezi-electronic okunjengama-synthesizers noma ngamamakhompyutha.
Ama-instrument

**Ama-instrument omculo** izinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni komculo. Noma ngabe yini engakwazi ukukhiqiza umsindo ngendlelathizeni, ingabizwa nge-instrument, kodwa lesisihloko sijwayele ukuchaza into ekhiqiza umculo.

Ama-instrument omculo angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo kanjena:

* Ama-strings
* I-Woodwind
* I-Brass
* I-Percussion
* I-Keyboard
Umsindo

**Umsindo** singawuchaza njengokuphazamiseka kokuthula okudalwa yinto thizeni noma ozwakala ngento thizeni. Umsindo ligama elichaza okuzwakalayo uma ama-waves omsindo ekhishwa nge-medium thizeni, eqonde endlebeni. Yonke imisindo idalwa ukuzamazama kwama-molecules lawa umsindo ohamba ngawo.
I-Environment

**I-Environment** isho konke okusizungezile. Kungaba yinto ephilayo (biotic) noma engaphili (abiotic). Ibandakanya oku-physical, oku-chemical kanye nokunye okuyimvelo. Izinto eziphilayo zihlala kwi-environment yazo. Zinobudlelwano obukhulu nayo kanti futhi ziyaye zizifundise ukuhlalelana nezimo zaleyo-environment. Kwi-environment kunobudlelwano obuningi obuhlukene, phakathi kwezilwane, izitshalo, umhlabathi, amanzi, nezinye izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili.
Impilo

**Impilo** iwuTho olunezinqubo ezingokwempilo ezinjengokuyabiza nekhono lokuzondla, kunalolo olungenazo, futhi ichasiswa njengekhono lokwazi ukukhula, ukusabela kwivuso, inkwentuko, uguquko, kanye nokuzala. Zonke izinhlobo zempilo ziyafika esigabeni sokufa, ayikho enganekufa. Izincasiselo eziningi zenjulalwazi zithi impilo isho izimiso zokuzihlela. Kodwa ukuchasisa imilo kanjalo kuphazanyiswa ikhono lamagciwanyane lokuzinyaliza emangqamuzaneni ahlala kuwo, kanye nolwenzeko lokuthi kungaba nempilo ehlukile emkhathini ndawothile. Impilo itholakala yonke indawo eMhlabeni, emoyeni, emanzini, enhlabathini, nakwezinye izimpilandawonye ezigcwele kumpilombulunga. Ezinye ziphila ezimweni ezinonya. Impilo etholakala kumpilandawonye ibizwa ngokuthi uyibo.

Impilo yaqala ukucwaningwa kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo. Impilo yona yadabuka eminyakeni eyizigidinqindi ezi-3.5 edlule. Isiphili sokuqala sathubeka saze saba imiqhinqa yonke ephilayo namuhla, eminye seyashabalala kodwa siyibona ngezintshicwa zayo ezisele. Imizamo yokujinja zonke izinto eziphilayo yasungulwa uAristotile eGrisi, namuhla yasungulwa ngohlelo lukaCarl Linnaeus lokuqamba lowe-1740.

Iiznto eziphilayo zihlanganisa imizwayi yempilovange, eyakhiwa ngezinhlwa zevange zimbalwa ezimqoka.  Zonke izinto eziphilayo ziqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zemizwayikhulu, izakhamzimba nezimunyundeni, ezaziwa ngokuthi uLibofuzo nangokuthi Isimunyuci : lezi ziqa yizo ezithwala ukwaziswa okudingwa umqhinqa ngamunye, kuhlanganisa neziyalo zokwenza uhlobo lwesakhamzimba ngasinye. Izakhamzimba nazo, zikhonza njengezinguxa ezigununda imidludlungu yevange yempilo. Ingqamuzana lona liyingcosi yohalaka nensebenzo yempilo. Izizphilincinci, ezihlanganisa izinswelandeni (izinungwana nezingunazana), ziqukethe amangqamuzana angawodwa amancane. Iziphili ezikhulu, eningi eliyizimvelendeni, zinamangqamuzana angawodwa noma onomangqamuzana abanezinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi. Impilo yaziwa njengotho oluseMhlabeni kuphela. Kodwa osonzululwazi bamatasa bafefenyeka impilo bayihlwaye njengenyo yokuzakhela.
Ukufa

**Ukufa** ngukuphela kwayo yonke imisebenzi engokwempilo okuyiyona elonda isiphili. Ukufa ubuchopho kuyasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi njengencazelo engokomthetho yokufa. Umzimba walokho obekuyisiphili ngokuvamile uqala ukubola emva kokufa. Ukufa yinqubo engenakuvinjwa efikela cishe zonke iZiphili.

Ukufa ngokuvamile kwenzeka esiPhilini ngokuphelele; inqubo efanayo ebonakala yenzeka ezingxenyeni ezithile zesiphili ngazinye, njengasemangqamuzaneni, ezicubwini, ibizwa impangalalo. Into engabalwa njengesiphili, njengegciwanyane, ingabhujiswa uqobo lwayo kodwa soze kuthiwe ifile. Kusuka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-150 bayafa nsuku zonke, ngokuguga okuyimbangela yokufa evamile kunazo zonke.

Amasiko amaningi nezinkolo zinomcabango wempilo yangale kwethuna, futhi zibambelela embonweni woKwahlulelwa kwezenzo ezimbi nezinhle zokuphila komuntu (iZulu, isihogo, ikarma).

## Ukucilonga

### Izinkinga zencasiselo

Isicabango sokufa simqoka ekuqondeni kwabantu lesimongotho. Kunezindlela eziningana zenzululwazi kanye nezinhlakahlo ezihlukahlukene zalesicabango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufika kwezokwelapha ezilondoloza impilo kanye nezindlela eziningi zokuchasisa ukufa kokubili kwezokwelapha nakwezomthetho, kwenze kwaba nzima ukuba kube nencasiselo eyodwa.
IziPhili

**IsiPhili** noma **IziPhili** izinto eziphilayo ngokwemvelo, nezinesimiso sokuphila ngazodwa. Zonke iziPhili zakhiwa amangqamuzana. Iziphili zijinjwa ngokulandela ubungqwangqwa zibe amaqembu omangqamuzana *(multicellar)* bezilwane, izimila noKhunta; noma onongqamuzana *(unicellular)* abeyiziphilincinci ezinjengeZinambuluka *(protista)*, iZinungwana *(bacteria)* neziNgunazane *(archae)*. Zonke izinhlobo zeziphili ziyakwazi ukuzala, ukukhula nokuthuthuka, ukulondoloza, futhi ngezinga elithile ukusabela evusweni. Amabhungane, ama-squid, Imilenzene, amakhowe, nezimila ziyizibonelo zeziphili ezingomangqamuzana ezingahlukanisa izicubu ezikhethekile nezitho lapho zithuthuka.
Izitshalo

**Izitshalo** ziyiziphili ezivelendeni ezakha umbuso wezitshalwa. Ziyiziphili zomdibakhanya, okusho ukuthi zithola isidlakalasi sazo ekukhanyeni kweLanga. Lokho zikwenza ngokusebenzisa uhlazazane *(chlorophyll)* olusemaqabungeni azo ukuze zikhiqize ushukela ngamanzi nomCalahle ontuhlambili. Ezingabalwa kulokhu izitshalo eziyizinhlwithamsoco *(parasites)* ezingenazo izifuzisi zohlazazane nomdibakhanya, njengoba zithola isidlakalasi kusuka kwezinye izitshalo nokhunta. Izitshalo eziningi zingomangqamuzana, ngaphandle kolwelwe.

Ngokomlando, njengomchazampilo  ka-Aristotile, umbuso wezitshalo wawuhlanganisa konke okuphilayo, okungezona izilwane, kuhlanganisa nokhunta. Izincasiselo zanamuhla azisahlanganise konke okuphilayo, ezinye azilubali nhlobo ukhunta.

Kukhona imiqhinqo eyizi-380,000 eyaziwayo yezitshalo, futhi eziyizi-260,000, zithela imbewu. Ziyahlukahluka ngokobungako kusuka emangqamuzaneni kuya emithini eyizidlomothi. Izitshalo eziluhlaza yizo ezihlinzeka uMhlaba ngemizwayo yesOhwe eyanele; ushukela eziwukhiqizayo wona uhlinzeka izimpilandawonye neziphili zoMhlaba ngesidlakalasi.

Okusanhlamvu, Izithelo,  nezilimo zazilokhu ziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu kusukela endulo. Abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza Izinto eziningi, ezihlanganisa ukuba izithako zokwakha, izithako zokubhala, ukuhlobisa, nanjengamakhambi wokwelapha. Inzululwazi ecwaninga ngezitshalo ibizwa ngokuthi umchazazitshalo, okuyigatsha lomchazampilo.
Ingqamuzana

KuMchazampilo, **amangqamuzana** anguhlaka oluyisisekelo nolungumuvo osebenzayo wezinto eziphilayo. Wonke amangqamuzana aqukethe ingqimbazana ebiyelwe ngaphakathi kolwelwesi, equkethe imizwayimpilo amaningi afana nezakhamzimba kanye nezimunyundeni.
Amangqamuzana angenza imisebenzi ecacile nehlukene ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana njengokunyaliza, ukulungisa impathafuzo, nokulumbanisa isakhamzimba. Amangqamuzana amaningi alinganiswa ngamamithanyana ngenxa yobuncane bawo.
Iningi lamangqamuzana ezitshalo nezilwane abonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonancinci sokukhanya, ngobukhulu obuphakathi kwamamithanyana asuka ku-1 kuya ku-100. Ukubuka ngesibonankulu senzuba kuveza umgqamo ophezulu obonisa ngokuningiliziwe uhlaka lwengqamuzana. Iziphili zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi unongqamuzana *(unicellular)* (siqukethe ingqamuzana elilodwa njengeZinungwana) noma umangqamuzana *(multicellular)* (kufaka phakathi izitshalo nezilwane). Iningi leziphili ezingumangqamuzana zihlelwe ngokuthi iziphilincinci.

Inani lamangqamuzana ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane; kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu baqukethe amangqamuzana angaba yizigidigidi ezingama-40 (4 × 1013).

Ingqondo yomuntu ibalelwa kuma-80 billion amangqamuzana.

Amangqamuzana atholwa nguRobert Hooke ngo-1665, owawaqamba ngokufana kwawo namangqamuzana (amagumbana) ahlala izindela ezingamaKrestu esigodlweni sezindela. Umbono wengqamuzana, waqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1839 nguMatthias Jakob Schleiden noTheodor Schwann, ithi zonke izinto eziphilayo zakhiwa elilodwa noma amangqamuzana amaningi, ukuthi amangqamuzana ayingxenye eyisisekelo yokwakheka nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, nokuthi wonke amangqamuzana avela kumangqamuzana akhona kakade.

Amangqamuzana avela eMhlabeni okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5 edlule.

Merged content from Iseli to here.
Isibalo Senkulumo

**Isibalo Senkulumo** yindlela engaqondile, yokudlulisa umqondo othize. Izibalo zenkulumo eziningi azidalelwe ukuqondwa ngqo ngalendlela ezikhulunywe ngayo: azizona izinto ezinjengoba zinjalo, futhi azizona izinto eziliqiniso. Zisebenzisa ulimi olungaqondile, futhi zisho okuhlukile kulimi olujwayelekile.

Osozilimi, lezizibalo zenkulumo bazibiza ngama "tropes"—okungukudlala ngama gama, ukuwasebenzisa ngendlela ehlukile kule eyaziwayo noma evamile. U-DiYanni wabhala ukuthi: "Ama-rhetoricians aseqoqe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezingama-250 *wezibalo zenkulumo([[IsiNgisi|zesingisi]]),* ukukhuluma nokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela engavamile".

Izingathekiso zingumzekelo ovamile. Isibalo senkulumo esidumile ukuthi umuntu "ulahla ithawula". Lokhu akusho ukuthu lowo muntu ulahla phansi ithawula. Kunalokho, kusho ukuthi lowo muntu useyekelela noma uselahla ithemba ngento abekade eyenza noma ezimisele ngayo. 

Ayikho indlela eyodwa elula yokuhlukanisa inkulumo eqondile nesibalo senkulumo. 

## Izibalo Zenkulumo

* Imvumelwano Siqalo — uma umusho noma isisho sinamagama amaningi aqala ngemisindo efanayo.
* 

## Izinkomba
Izifundazwe zase Gibhithe

IGibhithe inezifundazwe ezingama-27. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifundazwe.

#Matrouh
#Alexandria
#Beheira
#Kafr El Sheikh
#Dakahlia
#Damietta
#Port Said
#North Sinai
#Gharbia
#Monufia
#Qalyubiyya
#Sharqia
#Ismailia
#Giza
#Faiyum
#Cairo
#Suez
#South Sinai
#Beni Suef
#Minya
#New Valley
#Asyut
#Red Sea
#Sohag
#Qena
#Luxor
#Aswan

## Okuhlobene
* Izifunda zase Gibhithe
* Uhlu lwamadolobha ase Gibhithe

## Imithombo
Uhlu lwezifundazwe zaseGibhithe ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu

Ngezansi uhlu lwezifundazwe zase Gibhithe ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu onyakeni wezi-2017.

## Okuhlobene

* Uhlu lwamazwe ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu

## Imithombo
Egypt Standard Time

**I-Egypt Standard Time** (EST) wuhlobo lwesikhathi sendawo esisetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika. Lesikhathi sendawo singaphambili ngamahora amabili (UTC+2) noma (UTC+02:00) esikhathini somhlaba. Loluhlobo lwesikhathi sendawo luyafana ne-South African Standard Time, Central Africa Time kanye ne Eastern European Time.
Imvumelwano Siqalo

**Imvumelwano Siqalo** yilapho umusho noma isisho sinamagama amaningi aqala ngomsindo ofanayo. 

## Izinkomba
Ubuso

**Ubuso** yilunga lomzimba ngaphambili kwekhanda olunolwangu olungamehlo, ikhala, nomlomo, futhi ngalo izilwane zikwazi ukuveza imizwa yazo. Ubuso bumqoka kakhulu ebuhlonzini bomuntu, futhi ukulimala okufana nokuhuzuka noma ukugogeka kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle engqondweni.
Umzimba

**Umzimba** ngokomchazampilo uyinto ebambekayo yomuntu noma yesiphili. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa kuphela kulezo ziphili eziyinto eyodwa ebumbene noma ephelele. Kuneziphili ezishintshayo kusukela ekubeni onongqamuzanye zibe  iziphili eziphelele: ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta se-slime. Lezo ziphili ziba nomzimba lapho sezingonangqamuzaningi. Igama elithi umzimba libuye lisho lokhu:
*Umzimba wengqamuzana: libhekisela emangqamuzaneni afana neziNzwa ezinamaluzi amade.

Umzimba womuntu ofile ubuye ubizwe isidumbu, noma ugodo. Imizimba yezilwane yona nayo ibizwa izidumbu noma izigingaboya (omalahlwanaboya).

Umzimba womuntu ohlanganisa izitho ezifana nekhanda, intamo, ingenhla, izingalo ezimbili,  izinyawo ezimbili kanye nezangasese ezihlukayo kowesilisa nowesifazane.

Igatsha lomchazampilo elicwaninga ngemizimba nolwangu lwawo nkuhleleka kwawo lubizwa umchaza??. Umhlakahlo uyigatsha elingaphansi kwaleli gatsha, futhi wona ucwaninga uhlaka lomzimba ezingeni elingaphezu kwelezicubu.
Isikhunta Se-Slime

**Isikhunta se-slime**, (slime mould ngesiNgisi), uhlobo lwempilo olutholakala phansi emahlathini emvula, nakwezinye izindawo zomhlaba.
Ukhuni

**Ukhuni** iyona substance enkulu ezihlahleni. Lwakhiwe ngama xylem vessels ikakhulukazi, okuyiwona ahambisa amanzi enhla kwesitshalo. Ama substances amabili okuyiwona amakhulu kwizinkuni ngama cellulose nama lignin. Ukhuni lusetshenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo, ifenisha, ￼￼nobuciko￼￼. Ziphinde zibase umlilo. Iphepha lenziwa ngama fibres atholakala ezinkunini. Ukhuni luyi renewable resource kodwa seliqala ukutholakala kanzima.
Ibizo

**Ibizo** uhlobo lwegama elivamise ukuba yigama lento thizeni, kanjengomuntu, indawo, into, isilwane, noma umqondo. EsiZulwini, amabizo kungaba ngasho ubunye noma ubuningi.
Izifundazwe zase Libhiya

ILibhiya inezifundazwe ezingama-22. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifundazwe.

#Butnan
#Derna
#Jabal al Akhdar
#Marj
#Benghazi
#Al Wahat
#Kufra
#Sirte
#Misrata
#Murqub
#Tripoli
#Jafara
#Zawiya
#Nuqat al Khams
#Jabal al Gharbi
#Nalut
#Jufra
#Wadi Al Shatii
#Sabha
#Wadi al Hayaa
#Ghat
#Murzuq

## Okuhlobene
* Izifunda zase Libhiya

## Imithombo
Izifunda zase Libhiya

ILibhiya inezifunda ezingama-97. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifunda.

#Tobruk 
#Musaid 
#Jaghbub 
#Derna 
#Al Qubbah 
#Al Abraq 
#Bayda 
#Cyrene 
#Sahel El-Jebel 
#Umm al Rizam 
#Marj 
#Jardas al Abid 
#Tocra 
#Abyar 
#Qaminis 
#Suluq 
#Benghazi 
#Ajdabiya 
#Brega 
#Kufra 
#Tazirbu 
#Awjila 
#Jikharra 
#Jalu
#Marada
#Sirte
#Zamzam
#Hun
#Shatii Shargi
#Shatii Garbi
#Sabha
#Murzuk
#Eshargia
#Wadi Utba
#Traghan
#Ubari
#Ghat
#Bent Bayeh
#Misrata
#Zliten
#Al Khums
#Essahl
#Qasr Khiar
#Msallata
#Tarhuna
#Bani Walid
#Castelverde 
#Tajura
#Tripoli (isiqongo)
#Suani Ben Adem
#Qasr bin Ghashir
#Janzur
#Andalus
#Wadi Rabie
#Abu Saleem
#Sbaiea
#Sidi Saeh
#Souq Elkhamis
#Souq al Jum'aa
#Aziziya
#Zahra
#Zawiya
#Western Zawiya
#Al Maya
#Zuwarah
#Sabratha
#Sorman
#Jumayl
#Zaltan
#Ajaylat
#Reqdalin
#Baten Eljabel
#Gharyan
#Yafran
#Kikla
#Jadu
#Rhibat
#Ryaina
#Asbi'a
#Rijban
#Zintan
#Dahr Eljabal
#Haraba
#Nalut
#Wazzin
#El Houamed
#Kabaw
#Nesma
#Eshgiga
#Ghadames
#Qayqab
#Bi'r al Ashhab
#Qatrun 
#Tawergha
#Alghoraifa 
#Dawon 
#Elgurda

## Okuhlobene
* Izifundazwe zase Libhiya

## Imithombo
Umqondo

Uma umuntu ecabanga okuthile, lokhu akucabangile kubizwa ngokuthi "umqondo". Imiqondo izinto ezidalwa engqondweni. Akekho owazi ngokweqiniso ukuba konke lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.
Ingqondo

**Ingqondo** yigama elisho indlela umuntu acabanga ngayo, azindla ngayo, aqonda ngayo okuthile, enza ngayo izinqumo, nazizwa ngayo.
Uvo

**Uvo** yinto umuntu noma iqembu labantu abayicabangayo. Ukuthi "Luthini uvo lwakho?" kuyafana nokuthi: "Ucabanga ini?"

Impendulo ingaqala ngokuthi: "Uvo lwami..........." noma "Ngicabanga........."

Kwezinye izikhathi, izinkampani ziyaye zizame ukuthola ukuba abantu bacabangani ngento ethize ngokubuza abantu abaningi ukuba luthini uvo lwabo. Lokhu kubizwa nge "opinion poll" futhi abantu abakwenzayo babizwa ngama "pollsters". Kungaba ukuba basuke bezama ukuthola ukuba ingabe abantu bacabanga ukuba into ethile yinhle noma yimbi, kanjengo gesi, noma ukuzivocavoca noma iWikipedia, noma ingabe usopolitiki oyedwa noma isiphuzo noma iqembu lomdlalo kuncono kunokunye.
Msallata

**IMsallata** noma **Al Qasabat** yisifunda futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Murqub, eLibhiya.

## Imithombo
Tripoli, Libhiya

**ITripoli** yisifunda futhi yidolobhakazi eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Tripoli futhi liphinde libe yisiqongo sezwe lase Libhiya.

## Imithombo
Zaltan

**IZaltan** noma **Zelten** yisifunda futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nuqat al Khams, eLibhiya.

## Imithombo
UJean-Joseph Sanfourche

UJean-Joseph Sanfourche, owaziwa nje ngeSanfourche, ungumdwebi waseFrance, imbongi, umklami nomqophi, owazalwa ngoJuni 25, 1929 eBordeaux, futhi ushone ngoMashi 13, 2010 eSaint-Léonard-de-Noblat.

## Imithombo
Izifundazwe zase Thuniziya

IThuniziya inezifundazwe ezingama-24. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifundazwe.

#Ariana
#Béja
#Sousse
#Bizerte
#Gabès
#Nabeul
#Jendouba
#Kairouan
#Kasserine
#Kebili
#Kef
#Mahdia
#Manouba
#Medenine
#Monastir
#Gafsa
#Sfax
#Sidi Bouzid
#Siliana
#Ben Arous
#Tataouine
#Tozeur
#Tunis
#Zaghouan

## Okuhlobene
* Izifunda zase Thuniziya

## Imithombo
Central European Time

**I-Central European Time** noma **CET** wuhlobo lwesikhathi sendawo esisetshenziswa ngamazwe ase-Yurophu kanye nedlanzana lamazwe aseNyakatho ye-Afrika. i-CET ingaphambili ngehora elilodwa esikhathini somhlaba (UTC+01:00). Loluhlobo lwesikhathi sendawo saziwa nge-**Middle European Time (MET)**, **Berlin Time**, **Warsaw Time**, **Paris Time** noma yi-**Rome Time**.

## Imithombo
Umlelesa

**Umlelesa** isakhi soqobo soTho esibangela uTho olulelesiwe ukuba lungcwethe isiphoqi lapho lubekwa ewongweni lenzubawonga. Umlelesa ungaba *ophikayo* noma *ovumayo* (imvama uthwalwa izinelesi nezintunge). Imilelesa efanayo iyadudulana futhi imilelesa engafani iyahuhana. Into engenawo umlelesa owanele ibizwa engachemile *(neutral)*. Ulwazi lwangaphambilini lokuthi iziqa ezilelesiwe zinanana kanjani manje selubizwa ngokuthi ezomdikiwenzuba zakudala  *(classical electrodynamics)*, futhi zisanembile ezinkingeni ezidinga ukucubungulwa zomthelela womngako *(quantum effects)*.

Umlelesa wamazuba uyisakhi esilondoloziwe; umlelesa oyisamba wesimiso esigonqiwe, inani lomlelesa ovumayo ongenakushintsha,  osuswe enanini lomlelesa ophikayo. Umlelesa wamazuba uthwalwa izinhlayiyana zechwe. Othweni oluvamile, umlelesa ophikayo uthwalwa izinzuba, bese umlelesa ovumayo uthwalwe izinelesi endenini yeChwe. Uma kunezinzuba eziningi kunezinelezi ocezwini lotho, lolotho luzoba nomlelesa ophikayo, uma zimbalwa izinzuba, luzoba nomlelesa ovumayo, futhi uma izinzuba nezinelesi zilingana ngenani, utho luzoba olungachemile.
UTho

**uTho** ngokomChazandalo omdala nomchazatho ovamile luyinoma yisiphi isiqa esinesisindo futhi esidla umkhathi ngokuba nomthamo.  Zonke izinto zansukuzonke ezithintekayo ekugcineni zakhiwa amaChwe, wona akhiwa izinhlayiyana zechwe (“*subatomic particles*”), futhi ngokolimi lwesayensi, "uTho" ngokuvamile luhlanganisa amaChwe nakho konke okuthakwe ngawo, nazo zonke izinhlayiyana ezenza sengathi zinakho kokubili, ingqumbi kanye nesisindo. Kodwa azibalwa izinhlayiyana ezingenasisindo ezifana namaBane, noma ezinye izimongotho eziyimpekumpeku noma amaGu anjengokukhanya noma umChadamezo. UTho lutholakala nangezimo ezingafani, ezihlanganisa isimo esiNqumile, esiluKetshezi nesiluHowo -- ngokwesibonelo amanzi atholakala eyiqhwa, engamanzi awuketshezi futhi engumusi oluhowo-- Kodwa ezinye izimo nazo zikhona ezihlanganisa uNyazani, imiJiyo kaBose-noEistein, imiJiyo yeFelimi noNyazani lweNkemfe-Ngcinyani.

Ngokuvamile amachwe angacatshangwa njengendeni yezinelesi nezintunge, kanye "nefu" elizungezile lezinzuba 'ezithatha indawo'.  Kodwa kuyiqiniso ingxenye kuphela, ngokuba izinhlayiyana zechwe nezakhi zazo zilawulwa isimo sazo somngako, okusho ukuthi azicondoze ngendlela izinto ezivamile zansuku zonke ezibonakala zicondoza ngayo – zicondoza njengamaza kanye nezinhlayiyana futhi azinabo ubungako obuchasiswe kahle noma izikhundla. Enongweni lwendinganiso *(Standard Model)* lomchazandalo wenhlayiya, utho alusona isicabango esiyisisekelo ngenxa izakhi eziyisiseko zamachwe ziyizinto zomngako ezingenabo "ubungako" ngokwendabuko noma "umthamo" nganoma imuphi umqondo wansuku zonke.
Umusi

**Umusi** uyisiqa esiqukethe amanzi esimweni sohowo, ngezinye izikhathi kuba izitshapo zamaconsi amanzi awuketshezi, noma umoya. Lokhu kuwumphumela wokuhwamuka noma ukudlidliza, lapho kuba khona umchadamezo kufika ezingeni lapho amanzi ehwamuka khona. Umusi ophenduke umhwamuko wamanzi awubonakali emehlweni, kodwana, umusi omanzi, osankungu noma isitshapo samaconsi wamanzi, nawo ubizwa ngokutho 'umusi'.
UHowo

**uHowo** luyingxenye yezimo zoTho eziyisisekelo (ezinye zihlanganisa ukuNquma, uketshezi kanye noNyazani). Uhowo okucwebile lungakhiwa amachwe ngamanye (isb. uhowo lwekhethelo inkanyihwe), amachembe enhlwa akhiwa ichwe lohlobo olulodwa (isv. IsOhwe), noma umxube wamachembe akhiwa amachwe ahlukene (isb. UmCalahle ontuhlambili). Uhowo luwumvubo, ofana nomoya, oqukethe ohowo abacwebile abahlukene. Into ehlukanisa uhowo eketshezini nasemikhumenqeni ukwehlukana okukhulu kwezinhlayiyana ngazinye zohowo. Lokhu kwahlukana imvama kwenza uhowo olungenambala lungabonakali emehlweni omuntu.

Isimo esiluhowo sotho senzeka phakathi kwesimo esiluketshezi nesimo esilunyazani, esakamuva okuyisona esinikeza umkhawulo ophezulu wezingalokushisa kohowo.

## Izinhlwa eziwuhowo
Izinhlwa zevanga eziwuhowo olunomzwayi ochwembili *(diatomic)* elindeninye *(homonuclear)* enozinzo ngokwe-STP yilezi:
IHwanzi (H2), INihwe (N2), IsOhwe (O2), kanye nezakhatshiwo *(halogens)* ezimbili: UFusihwe (F2)  neChwenzi (Cl2). Lapho ziqembulwa ndawonye nohowo lwekhethelo olunechwelinye – IHwelanga (He), iNkanyihwe (Ne), IsAlahwe (Ar), umKhalahwe (Kr), IXhwe (Xe), and umLahwe (Rn) – loluhowo lolunke lubizwa ngokuthi "izinhlwa eziwuhowo".
Umumbu

**I-Substance** yi material, noma yi matter, okuyiyo esetshenziswa ekwakheni into ethize. Ama-substance izinto ezi physical ezibonwayo, ezithintekayo, noma ezikalekayo. Zenziwe yi elemental part eyodwa noma amaningi. Insimbi, yi aluminiyamu, amanzi kanye nomoya ngumzekelo wama substances.
Izimo zotho

Kumchazandalo, **Isimo soTho** singolunye lwezimo uTho olutholakala ngazo. Kunezimo ezine zoTho eziqashelwayo nsukuzonke: isinqumela, Uketshezi, uhowo, nonyazani. Zikhona nezinye izimo ezikhona ezingaphakathi, ezifana nomncwebe onguketshezi, nezinye izimo eziba khona ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, ezifana nemijiyo kaBose-Einstein (ezimweni ezikhazile), uTho lwentunge-ewohlokayo (ezimweni zobugqinsi), nonyazani lwezinkemfe (ezimweni zesidlakathi esiphezulu).
Isigidi

**Isigidi** (1,000,000), noma i-thausand elingu thausand, yinombolo yokubala engemuva kuka 999,999 ngaphambi kuka 1,000,001.
Inombolo

**Inani** noma **inombolo**  igama lento yezibalo esetshenziselwa ukubala, ukulinganisa noma ukugqaba. Isibonelo esaziwayo yikesi 1, 2, 3, 4, njll. Amanani angamelelwa amazwi wamanani olimini. Ngokuvamile, amanani amelelwa izimpawu ezibizwa izinani *(numerals)*: ngokwesibonelo **5** uphawu olumelela inani lesihlanu. Njengoba zimbalwa kuphela izimpawu zamanani ezingakhumbuleka, izinani ezivamile zihlelwe zaba isimiso sesinani.
Ukubala

**Ukubala** yinto eyenziwa ngabantu ukuthola ukuba zingaki izinto ezikhona zakunoma yiliphi uhlobo.

## Indlela Eyodwa Yokubala
Umuntu obala ngesiZulu uvamise ukuqala ngokunye, anikeze leyonombolo kuleyonto yokuqala. Into elandelayo inikezwe inombolo yesibili. Elandelayo inikezwe eyesithathu. Uma kunenye futhi elandelayo, ithola inombolo yesine. Uma emva kwalokho kunenye futhi into, ithola inombolo yesihlanu. Ezinye izinto zithole ezinye izinombolo. Into nento ithola inombolo yayo ngalendlela. Inombolo yokugcina enikwe into yokugcina ebaliwe ilona inani elisho ukuba zingaki izinto ezikhona.

## Imizekelo

* Ngokomzekelo, ukuthola inani lezigqoko kweziningi, umuntu ubala izigqoko. Lowo muntu unikeza isiqgoko nesiqgoko inombolo yaso.

: UJohn unesigqoko esimunyama, esinsundu kanye nesihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. UMary ubuza uJohn, "Zingaki izigqoko onazo?". UJohn unikeza inombolo yokuqala kwesimunyama. UJohn unikeza inombolo yesibili kwesinsundu. UJohn unikeza inombolo yesithathu kwesihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Manje uJohn akasenazo ezinye izigqoko. Inombolo enkulu uJohn ayinikile eyesithathu, kanti futhi isiqgoko nesiqgoko sinenombolo yaso. UJohn uphendula uMary, "Nginezigqoko ezintathu". UJohn usezibalile izigqoko.
: 

* Kunezinhlamvu Zamagama u-A, u-Q, u-L, kanye no-S kwisiqeshana sephepha. Zingaki izinhlamvu zamagama ezikulesi siqeshana sephepha?

: UTom unikeza izinombolo kwizinhlamvu zamagama. Uhlamvu u-A uthola inombolo yokuqala. Uhlamvu u-Q uthola inombolo yesibili. Uhlamvu u-L uthola inombolo yesithathu. Uhlamvu u-S uthola inombolo yesine. Azisekho izinhlamvu ezingabalwa. Kunezinhlamvu ezine kulesi siqeshana sephepha.
Izinhlamvu Zamagama

Ezilimini ezisebenzisa ama alifabhethi, njengesiZulu, uhlamvu nohlamvu kwi-aliphabhethi luyuhlamvu lwamagama.
Ubuchopho

**Ubuchopho** yinxenye yomzimba evumela ukuba izilwane zenze umqondo ngezinto. Ithola i-input kuma sense organs, bese ishintsha ukuziphatha ngenxa yalolulwazi. Kubantu, ubuchopho, buphinde bulawule ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi, futhi buyakwazi ukwakha umcabango ongakhonakali.

## Imithombo
Ilia Chavchavadze

**INkosana u-Ilia Chavchavadze** (isiGeorgia: ილია ჭავჭავაძე; 8 Novemba 1837 - 12 Septhemba 1907) wayengumuntu waseGeorgia, intatheli, umshicileli, umbhali kanye nembongi owadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwemiphakathi yaseGeorgia ngesikhathi sokubusa kweRussia eGeorgia. Ubizwa ngokuthi "iqhawe elihlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke laseGeorgia."

Wayengumholi wenhlangano yentsha yezihlakaniphi egama lingu "Tergdaleulebi". U-Ilia Chavchavadze wasungula amaphephandaba ama-2 esimanje: uSakartvelos Moambe no-Iveria. Ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakheni isakhiwo sokuqala sezezimali eGeorgia - iLand Bank yaseTbilisi. Ngesikhathi seminyaka engama-30 wayengusihlalo waleli Bhange, elalixhasa futhi likhuthaza imicimbi eminingi yamasiko, ezemfundo, ezomnotho kanye nezokusiza ezenzeka e-Georgia. U-Ilia Chavchavadze wabamba iqhaza esisekelweni se- "Society for the Spreading of Literacy among Georgians" - kwakuyinhlangano yokuqala yohlobo lwe-NGO eyasungula izikole nxazonke eGeorgia, bazama ukwenza ulimi lwesiGeorgia ezweni. Bafundela abantu ukubhala nokubhala. Leyo kwakuyindlela yokulwa nenqubomgomo yamaRussification yoMbuso WaseRussia eGeorgia. Wabulawa ngo-1907.
Xcas

**Xcas** ingumthombo wamahhala, ovulekile we-Computer Algebra System (CAS) we-Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS ne-Linux. I-Xcas ibhalwe ku-C++.

Xcas yethulwa nguBernard Parisse ngonyaka ka-2000.

## Features

* xazulula isibalo
* bala umehluko we-quotient
* bala umsebenzi wesiqu
* sombulula umehluko wesibalo

## OS

* Microsoft Windows
* Apple macOS
* Linux

## izinkomba


## izixhumanisi zangaphandle
https://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac.html
Sensory Receptor

**I-sensory receptor**, noma i-sense organ, yinxenye ephendula kwi-stimulus ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwe environment yesiPhili. Iyi-input kwizinzwa zomuntu.Ekuphenduleni i-stimuli, i-sensory receptor iqala i-nerve fibre, okuyiyona ehambayo iye kwi-central nervous system.

## Imithombo
Izilimi

**I-Linguistics** ukuhlolwa kwezilimi ngokwesayensi. I-Linguistics isekelwe ekufundeni okucatshangelwayo kanye nokuchaza ulimi futhi kuhlanganiswe nemikhakha esetshenzisiwe yezifundo zolimi nokufunda ulimi, okubandakanya isifundo sezilimi ezithile. Ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20, isayensi yolimi yavela ngokuhambisana nesifundo sezincwadi futhi ayizange isebenzise izindlela zesayensi. I-linguistics yanamuhla ibhekwa njengesayensi ngoba ihilela ukuhlaziywa okuphelele, okuhlelekile, kanye nokuqondile kwazo zonke izici zolimi - okungukuthi, ukuqonda, ezenhlalo, isiko, ingqondo, indawo ezungezile, izinto eziphilayo, izincwadi, uhlelo lolimi, I-paleographical, kanye ukwakheka.

Izindawo ezingokwesiko zokuhlaziywa kolimi zihambisana ne-syntax (imithetho ebusa ukwakheka kwemisho), i-semantiki (okusho), i-mofoloji (ukwakheka kwamagama), ifonetiki (imisindo yokukhuluma kanye nokushukuma komzimba okufana Izilimi zezandla), i-fonoloji (isimiso sokusebenza esifihlekile solimi oluthile), kanye ne-pragmatiki (indlela umongo wezenhlalo onikela ngayo enchazelweni). Izifundo ezincane ezifana ne-biolinguistics (ukuhlolwa kwezinguquko zezinto eziphilayo nokuziphendukela kolimi) kanye ne-psycholinguistics ("ukuhlolwa kwezici ezingokwengqondo olimini lwesintu) kuhlanganisa eziningi zalezi zindawo.

I-Linguistics ihlanganisa amagatsha amaningi nemikhakha emincane ehlanganisa kokubili ukusetshenziswa okucatshangelwayo nokungokoqobo. I-theoretical linguistics (kuhlanganise ne-traditional descriptive linguistics) ikhathazekile ngokuqonda isimo esivamile nesisisekelo solimi kanye nokuthuthukisa uhlaka oluvamile lwe-theoretic lokuyichaza. I-Applied Linguistics ifuna ukusebenzisa okutholakele okungokwesayensi kokufunda ulimi ngezinhloso eziwusizo, njengokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa imfundo yolimi nokufunda nokubhala.

Izici zolimi zingafundwa ngemibono ehlukahlukene: ngokuhambisana (ngokuchaza ukwakheka kolimi ngesikhathi esithile) noma ngokuhambisana nokwakheka (ngokuthuthukiswa komlando wolimi enkathini ethile), ngezilimi esisodwa noma ngezilimi eziningi, phakathi kwezingane noma phakathi kwabantu abadala, ngokuya ngendlela efundwayo ngayo noma ukuthi yatholakala kanjani, njengezinto ezingaqondakali, ngokwemibhalo ebhaliwe noma ngokusebenzisa i-elicitation yomlomo, futhi ekugcineni ngokuqoqwa kwedatha yemishini noma ngomsebenzi wasensimu osebenzayo.

## Izinkomba
Umphakathi

**Umphakathi** uyiqembu labantu abenza ndawonye uhlelo oluvaliwe futhi ngaphakathi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu.

Yize abantu futhi behlala ndawonye nezilwane nezinto, uxhoxho *(network)* yobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu iphakathi. Umphakathi uyinto yokufunda ngokuncomeka kwesayensi yezenhlalo. Ngokuya ngomongo, imiqondo yomphakathi nomphakathi ingakhawulwa noma ikhuliswe ngenombolo. Ubuncane babantu ababili sebungabandakanya ukuhlala ndawonye, ​​ezinye izibonelo ezingeni lomndeni ngumndeni kanye nomphakathi ohlala kuwo. Kancane kancane indawo yangakini noma indawo yokuhlala, idolobhana nedolobha. Ezingeni lezwe noma lombuso, igama elithi umphakathi lifana kakhulu nomphakathi, kepha okugcizelelwayo kugxile kakhulu ebudlelwaneni bokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu futhi kuncane ezikhungweni. Okuphakeme kakhulu kungaba umphakathi wabo bonke abantu emhlabeni (bona i-cosmopolitanism).

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komphakathi neqembu lezilwane ukuthi abantu bawulolonge kahle umphakathi wabo. Lokhu bekulokhu kuyindikimba kusukela esikhathini sosolwazi bamaGrikhi: isiko lomuntu kuqhathaniswa nemvelo, ama-nomos (umthetho) noma ithisisi (isikhungo) kuqhathaniswa ne-physis (imvelo). Kwezemfundo kuyacaca kumalungu amasha omphakathi ukuthi umuntu kumele aziphathe kanjani. Lokhu kuthinta izinkambiso, izindinganiso, imithetho kanye nemithetho, nayo edalelwe inhloso yokwakha umphakathi ongcono kakhulu ongahlaliseka kuwo wonke amalungu.

Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka abaholi benkolo nezazi zefilosofi bebelokhu becabanga ngomphakathi ofanele. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala esikhathini esedlule (ipharadesi), kwesinye isikhathi futhi nasesikhathini esizayo ("izulu elisha nomhlaba omusha"). Ipulani eyaziwayo yomphakathi omuhle yiPoliteia (State) kaPlato, kamuva eyenezelwa yiNomoi yakhe (Imithetho). Emphakathini ofanele, ubulungiswa, ukuthula nenjabulo kutholakala kubo bonke abantu. Imvamisa futhi ihlobene nenkululeko yokukhuluma, engahunyushwa kabanzi.

Imiphakathi ye-Pluriform kanye namasiko amaningi iyahlukaniswa.