Ukujengamazwi

Kwinzululwazi yoKwaziswa noMtapolwazi, **ukujengamazwi** noma **ukujenganisa** kuwumdludlungu wokudala incazamininingo emelela imithombo yokwaziswa, efana nezincwadi, iziqoshwa zomsindo, imifanekiso enyakazayo, njll. Ukujenganisa kuhlinzeka ngemininingwane efana namagama wombhali, izihloko zezincwadi, namagama wezihloko ezichazisa izinsiza, imvama ngokudalwa kweziqoshwa zomchazamibhalo. Iziqoshwa zikhonza njengezibambeli zezinsizakusebenza zokwaziswa eziqoqongiwe. Kusuka eminyakeni ye-1970, lezi zincazaminimingo sezaba ngesimo esifundwa INguxa futhi zikhonjaniswe *(indexed)* ngokwaziswa kwamathuluzi wokuhosha, afana nezizindamininingo zimchazamibhalo noma iziqaqululi. Nakuba ngokuvamile umdludlungu wokujenganisa uveza umphumela wokukhiqizeka kwezijengamazwi zomtapowolwazi, ubuye ukhiqize nezinye izinhlobo zamathuluzi wokuvubukula emibhalo neziqongelelwa.

**Ulawulo lomchazamibhalo** luphana ngesiseko senjulalwazi sokujenganisa, ngokuchasisa imithetho echazisa ngezinsizakusebenza zokwaziswa ngokwanele, ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufumana futhi baqome insizakusebenza efanelekayo. **Umjengimazwi** ungumdwambu ophethe imidludlungu yencaziso, ukuhlaziya isihloko, umjinjo, nolawulo lwezibhalo zomtapowolwazi. Abajengimazwi bakhonza "njengesisekelo sayo yonke inkonzo yomtapowolwazi, ngokuba yibona abahlelemba ukwaziswa ngendlela ekwenza kufikeleleke".

## Ukujengamazwi wezibhalo ezingafani
Ukujengamazwi wumdludlungu owenziwa yizikhungo ezinhlobonhlobo (Isb. imitapolwazi, imiqongelelo, nezingodlandlu) futhi ngokuqondene nezibhalo ezinhlobonhlobo, ezifana nezincwadi, izithombe, izinto zengodlandlu njll. Izincwadi zenzululwazi yokwaziswa nomtapolwazi zigcwele udaba lokujengamazwi emtapowolwazi, kodwana kubalulekile ukucubungula nezinye izindlela zokujengamazwi. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ezinye izimiso ezikhethekile zokujenganisa izinto zengodlandlu ezivubukuliwe, isb. uhlelo olubizwa *Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging*. Futhi ezinye izindlela eziphambene nendlela yokujengamazwi emtapowolwazi zitholakele, ngokwesibonelo, indlela evamile yokuxhumana   *(the common communication format)* esetshenziswa izizindamininingo zomchazamibhalo. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo zokujengamazwi wezinto zamasiko wabantu, bona ku- O'Keefe and Oldal (2017).

## Izinsebenzo eziyisithupha zolawulo lomchazamibhalo
URonald Hagler wahlonza izinsebenzo eziyisithupha zolawulo lomchazamibhalo.
*"Ukuhlonza ubukhona bazobzonke izinhlobo zezinsizakusakaza zokwaziswa lapho zenziwa zifikeleleke." Ubukhona nobuhlonzi bensizakusebenza yokwaziswa kufanele baziwe ngaphambi kokuba itholakale.
*"Ukuhlonza imisebenzi equkethwe phakathi kwalezo zinsiza zokwaziswa noma njengezingxenye zazo." Ngokucakathe ezingeni elidingekayo lobuncane, imisebenzi eminingi ingaqukathwa ngesigxishelo esisodwa, noma umsebenzi owodwa ungadinga izigxishelo eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, ingabe isithombe esisodwa sithathwa njengensiza yokwaziswa? Noma ingabe iqoqo lezithombe lingabhekwa njengensiza yokwaziswa?
*"Ngokwesimiso ukubutha zonke lezi zinsiza zokwaziswa zibe amaqoqo emitapolwazi, emiqogelelweni, ezingodlandlu, nasemahelweni wokuxhumana kuxhakaxholo." Ngokwengqikithi, ukuzuza lezi zinto zibe amaqoqo ukuze zisetshenziswe umsebenzisi.
*"Ukukhiqiza izinhlu zalezi zinsiza zokwaziswa ezilungiswe ngokuqondene nemithetho eyindinganiso yokucaphuna." Izibonelo zalezi zinsiza kuhosha zihlanganisa ojengamazwi bomtapowolwazi, izinkomba, nezinsiza zomqogelelo, njll.
*"Ukuhlinzeka ngegama, isihlokosiqu, isihloko, nezinye izifikelelo zalezi zinsiza zokwaziswa." Okukhanukwayo , ukuthi kube nezindlela eziningana zokuthola intsho ngakho kufanele kube nezindlela zokufikelela eziningana. Kufanele kube nencazamininingo esiqoshweni esiyisifakelelo ukuze abasebenzisi bathole ngempumelelo izinsiza zokwaziswa abazifunayo. Lamaqhuzu wofikelelo kufanele angaguquguquki.
*"Ukuhlinzeka ngendlela yokuthungatha insiza yokwaziswa ngayinye noma isifaniselo sayo." Emtapowolwazi, uhlelo lokufikelela  isijengamazwi ngoxhakaxholo (OPAC) lunganikeza umsebenzisi indawo enokwaziswa ngokwenani lomjinjo futhi iveze nokuthi ingabe incwadi ikhona na.

## Imithombo