open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
IsiShomo

**isiShomo** siyindawo embulungeni yomkhathinga lapho amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ezibonakalayo akha uhlaka oluvamisile ukuqhathaniswa nezilwane, izinto ezivela ezinganekwaneni, noma izinto ezijwayelekile nje. Imvelaphi yamaqoqo ezishomo akudala kungathithi aqhamuke ezikhathini zasemandulo. Abantu basemandulo bazisebenzise lezi zishomo ukuxoxa izindaba mayelana nezinkolelo zabo, izimpilo zabo, indalo, nezinganekwane.  

## Amagama wezishomo
Isiphambano saseNingizimu - *crux*

IMpambano - *orion*

iMbukisakazi - *canis major*

iMbukisanyana - *canis minor*

Amagama ezishomo eziyishumi nantathu ngokwesanusi uCredo Mutwa

iNtintilili - Capricorn 

uSihlenga - Aquarius 

Amahlengeto azwanayo - Pisces 

uDushuza - Aries 

uNkunzendala - Taurus 

uDemana noDemazana - Gemin 

uSonkala - Cancer 

iMbubedingile - Leo 

uNtombiyasina - Virgo 

Izimbenge zikaGubudela - Libra 

uSobatinyela - Scorpio 

uSozabile - Sagitarius   

**Umkhomo - Ophiuchus**   

## Amaphatho
Incwazuba

**Incwazuba** (noma **Umbikombani)** eyaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-**[[:en:Email|email]]** kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa izisebenziso zombani ("*electronic devices*"). Incwazubai yadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ibe uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi incwazuba yase isiphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nokubathumela imininingwane kanye  nemilayezo. Manje, incwazuba isiyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
Incwazubo iwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi uyincwaziba

Incwazuba ligidinga kuwo wonke amaxhoxho wesiCikizi, ikakhulukazi kuxhakaxholo, kanye nakumaxhoxho wendawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zencwazuba zisekelwe kunongo lokugcina ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zencwazuba ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe *(deliver)*, futhi zigcine imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvaka kwisiphakeli sencwadi *(mail)* noma kwisinanazimo sencwadi yolwebu *(webmail interface)* ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, incwazuba loxhakaxholo lwajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi *(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)* ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Incwazuba loMhlabawonke, olusemthethweni Kodwa olungamukelwanga ndawo zonke, lwasabalalisa Emazweni wonke amakheli wencwazuba ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

## Ukuchazwa kwebizo
Ibizo elithi incwazuba

## uMlando
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965. Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zezincwazuba ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971uxhoxho lwencwazuba lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yencwazuba ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa iNcwazuba elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zencwazuba ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.
IsiGwinqa

**isiGwinqa** siyindawo emkhathingeni lapho umNyondo unamandla kangangokuba akunanto engakwazi ukuphunyuka noma ukuphuma kuso, ngisho Izinhlayiyana noma iMiyonzi yeNzubawonga ("*electromagnetic radiation*") enjengokukhanya uqobo azikwazi ukuphuma esiGwinqeni. Kukhona imbulunga ezungeze isigwinqa. Noma yini engena kuyo soze iphume. Lembulunga iwumngcele ongabalekwa futhi yaziwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wesehlo. Isigwinqa simnyama ngenxa yokuthi sigwinya konke ukukhanya okusondela kuso, futhi asikukhwentuzi sikubuyisele emuva.  
Ngaphansi kobuNguxa boMngako iziGwinqa zinamazinga okushisa futhi zikhafula imiyonzi kaHawking okunzima okuyihlonga ngokuqondile, kodwa lokhu kwenza iziGwinqa zibe zincane.

Izindikimba ezisemkhathini lezo umnyondo wazo unamandla kakhulu ukuba ukukhanya kungaphunyuka zaqala ukunakwa ekhulwini le-18 ngu-John Michell no-Pierre-Simon Laplace. Ngonyaka we-1916, u-Karl Schwarzschild wathola isixazululo sokuqala sanamuhla sesimelana jikelele *(general relativity)* esasizogagula isiGwinqa. U-David Finkelstein, ngonyaka we-1958, washicilela okokuqala inhlakahlo "yesiGwinqa" njengesifunda somkhathinga okungaphunyuki lutho kuso. Izigwinqa sekuyisikhathi zithathwa njengelukuluku lezibalo; kuze kwaba seminyakeni yowe-1960 ukuthi umsebenzi walowombono uqale uveze ukuthi kwakumane kuyizibikezelo zesimelana jikelele. Ukuvubukulwa kwenkanyezi eyintunge *(neutron star)* ngu-Jocelyn Bell Burnell ngowe-1967 kwavuselela intakaso ezindikimbeni ezihlangene zokuwohloka komnyondo njengesimo soqobo sasemkhathini. Isigwinqa sokuqala esaziwa ngokuthi *Cygnus X-1*, sahlonzwa abacwaningi abambalwa ngowe-1971.
Ledumahadi

i-***Ledumahadi*** (okusho ukuthi "umdumo omkhulu" ngeSiSotho) inguhlobo lwezilwane zasemandulo oluthiwa *lessemsaurid sauropodomorph* eyatholwa esifundazweni saseFree State eMzansi Afrika. i-*Ledumahadi mafube* iyisidalwa sodwa esaziwa ukuba yingxenye yalolu hlobo lwe-*Ledumahadi.* Lesi silwane sabe sinemilenze emine.

## Imithombo
Biyela, Sibusiso. (2018). "Ososayensi bathole isilwane sasemandulo esandisa umlando wohlu lwezilwane". *Sci Braai*.
CA Brive

I-Brive Corrèze Limousin Athletic Club iyinhlangano yebhola lombhoxo eyasungulwa ngo-1910 ye-Brive Athletic Club, iklabhu yemidlalo eminingi yaseFrance, ezinze e-Brive-la-Gaillarde eCorrèze. Iqembu layo lokuqala livela ku-Top 14 ngo-2021-2022.

I-CA Brive iyiklabhu yomlando yebhola lombhoxo yaseFrance. Ubekhona ku-elite yebhola lombhoxo yaseFrance cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kusukela ngo-1930, ngaphandle kwamaphaseji amafushane asezingeni eliphansi, elokugcina lawo ngo-2018-2019. Uwine i-European Cup ngo-1997 futhi waba kowamanqamu kulo mcimbi ngonyaka olandelayo. Ubambe iqhaza kowamanqamu weChampionship amane, engakaze anqobe iShield of Brennus. I-CA Brive yawina isicoco sayo esikhulu kuphela sesizwe ngenselelo ye-Yves du Manoir ngo-1996.

Kusukela ngo-1921, i-CA Brive idlale enkundleni yezemidlalo iBrive, yaqanjwa kabusha inkundla ye-Amédée-Domenech ngo-2004 ukuhlonipha omunye wabadlali bayo abavelele, insika yamazwe ngamazwe ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960. 

## Notes


## References
Strawberry Prince

**Strawberry Prince** (, Hepburn: *SutoPuri*) ibhendi yabafana base-Japan eyakhiwe ngoJuni 2016. Iqembu linamalungu ayisithupha: uNanamori, Jel, Satomi, Colon, Rinu, kanye no-Root. Ilungu ngalinye limelwe umlingiswa onezithombe lapho livela kwabezindaba.

## Amalungu

### Amalungu amanje

* Nanamori (ななもり。)
* Jel (ジェル)
* Satomi (さとみ)
* Colon (ころん)
* Rinu (莉犬)
* Root (るぅと)

### Amalungu angaphambili

* Kanna (かんな)
* Shiyun (しゆん)
* Ketchup (けちゃっぷ)
* Yuuku (ゆうく)

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

*
Amaphiko Amakhulu

***Amaphiko Amakhulu*** (, , ) wuchungechunge lwethelevishini olupopayi oludalwe nguGil Hoon Jung futhi lwakhiqizwa inkampani yakhe, iFunnyFlux Entertainment, eNingizimu Korea. Ikhiqizwe ngokubambisana ne-Alpha Group Co., Ltd. evela e-Shayina ngosekelo lokukhiqiza oluvela Ohlelweni Lokusakaza Lwezemfundo eNingizimu Korea, nokusekelwa okwengeziwe okuvela ku-KOCCA.

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* 
* ''Super Wings'' ku Cartoonito UK
* ''Super Wings''  ku FunnyFlux Entertainment
Madagascar (ifilimu ka-2005)

I-***Madagascar*** ifilimu yamahlaya yaseMelika epopayi ka-2005 ekhiqizwe i-DreamWorks Animation futhi yasatshalaliswa ngabakwa-DreamWorks Pictures. Yayiqondiswa u-Eric Darnell no-Tom McGrath (ekuqaleni kokuqondisa kwesici sikaMcGrath) futhi yabhalwa nguMark Burton, uBilly Frolick, uDarnell, noMcGrath. Izihlabani zefilimu u-Ben Stiller, uChris Rock, u-David Schwimmer, no-Jada Pinkett Smith, bezwakalisa iqembu lezilwane ezivela e-Central Park Zoo ezizithola zivaleleke esiqhingini sase-Madagascar.

## Umlando
Elangazelela ukuzulazula ezindaweni eziwudedangendlale zikaMama Afrika, uMarty, idube elinesithukuthezi nelidangele leCentral Park Zoo edumile, ubalekela ijele lakhe ngobusuku bokugubha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweshumi. Kodwa-ke, ngemva komzamo wokuhlenga obhuntshile owenziwa ngabangane bakaMarty--Alex, ingonyama yokuqukethwe; UMelman, indlulamithi e-skittish, kanye no-Gloria, imvubu eqinile—abangane bazozithola sebeboshiwe futhi bathunyelwa endaweni yokulondoloza izilwane zasendle ekude, kodwa bagcine sebesogwini olunesihlabathi lwase-Madagascar yangaphandle. Ekugcineni, iphupho likaMarty lizofezeka; noma kunjalo, kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuba isilwane sasendle ngempela?

## Imithombo

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

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Netflix

I-**Netflix** iyinkampani yaseMelika yokusakaza yokusakaza nokubhaliselwe. Yethulwe ngo-Agasti 29, 1997, inikeza umtapo wezincwadi wamafilimu nochungechunge lwethelevishini ngamadili okusabalalisa kanye nemikhiqizo yawo, eyaziwa ngokuthi yiNetflix Originals.

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

*  – iwebhusayithi esemthethweni
Indian Premier League

I-**Indian Premier League** (**IPL**) iligi yekhilikithi yabesilisa ekhokhelwayo, ebangwa amaqembu ayishumi azinze emadolobheni ayishumi aseNdiya. Le ligi yasungulwa yiBoard of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) ngo-2007.

Ngo-2010, i-IPL yaba umcimbi wokuqala wezemidlalo emhlabeni ukusakazwa bukhoma ku-YouTube.

Sekube namasizini ayishumi nane omqhudelwano we-IPL. Abaphethe isicoco se-IPL njengamanje yiChennai Super Kings, ewina isizini ka-2021.

## Imithombo
Google

I-**Google LLC** yinkampani yaseMelika yamazwe ngamazwe yobuchwepheshe esebenza ngokukhethekileyo ngamasevisi nemikhiqizo ehlobene ne-inthanethi, ehlanganisa injini yokusesha, ubuchwepheshe bokukhangisa ku-inthanethi, i-cloud computing, isofthiwe, nehadiwe. Inkampani engumzali wakwaGoogle i-Alphabet Inc. ithathwa njengenye yezinkampani zeBig Five zaseMelika zobuchwepheshe, eceleni kwe-Amazon, Apple, Meta kanye neMicrosoft.

I-Google yasungulwa ngo-September 4, 1998, ngu-Larry Page kanye no-Sergey Brin ngenkathi beyi-Ph.D. abafundi baseStanford University eCalifornia. Bebonke bangabanikazi bamasheya aso asohlwini lwasesidlangalaleni cishe amaphesenti angu-14 futhi balawula u-56% wamandla okuvota abanikazi besitoko ngesitoko sokuvota okuphezulu. Le nkampani yavela esidlangalaleni ngomnikelo wokuqala womphakathi (IPO) ngo-2004. Ngo-2015, i-Google yahlelwa kabusha njengenkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele ye-Alphabet Inc.. I-Google iyinkampani ephethwe yi-Alphabet enkulu kunazo zonke futhi iyinkampani ephethe izakhiwo ze-inthanethi nezithakazelo ze-Alphabet. U-Sundar Photosi uqokwe njenge-CEO ye-Google ngo-Okthoba 24, 2015, engena esikhundleni sika-Larry Page, owaba yi-CEO ye-Alphabet. Ngomhla zi-3 kuZibandlela 2019, u-Photosi uphinde waba yi-CEO ye-Alphabet.

Ngo-2021, i-Alphabet Workers Union yasungulwa, ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe ngabasebenzi bakwa-Google.

## Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-AI e-Afrika
NgoJulayi 2025, i-Google itshala imali ku-AI, ohlelweni lwamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-37 oluklanyelwe ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokufakelwa (AI) e-Afrika, ngokutshalwa kwezimali kusuka ocwaningweni lwasekhaya kuye kumaphrojekthi wokuqapha izitshalo zezolimo kanye nokuvumelana nobuchwepheshe nezilimi zase-Afrika. .
## Imithombo


## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* 

## Ivelaphi

I-Google yaqala ngo-January 1996 njengephrojekthi yocwaningo luka-Larry Page no-Sergey Brin ngenkathi bobabili besafunda e-Stanford University benza i-Phd e-California, e-USA. i-Google "yayinomsunguli wesithathu" kodwa wayengekho emthethweni ekuqaleni, UScott Hassan, wayeyi-original lead programmer owabhala iningi le-code yeGoogle Search engine yasek'qaleni, kodwa wahamba ngaphambi kokuba i-Google ibe inkampani; uHassan wahamba elandela umsebenzi emkhakheni wama- [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics robotics] waze wasungula inkampani i-[./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_Garage Willow Garage] ngo-2006.
Google Maps

I-**Google Maps** iyinkundla yokwenza iwebhu kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwabathengi olunikezwa i-Google. Ihlinzeka ngesithombe sesathelayithi, ukuthwebula kwezithombe zasemoyeni, amamephu emigwaqo, ukubukwa kwepanoramic okusebenzisanayo okungu-360° kwemigwaqo (Street View), izimo zethrafikhi zesikhathi sangempela, nokuhlelwa komzila wokuhamba ngezinyawo, imoto, ibhayisikili, indiza (nge-beta) nezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi. Kusukela ngo-2020, i-Google Maps ibisetshenziswa abantu abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni eyodwa njalo ngenyanga emhlabeni jikelele.

## Imithombo


## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* 
** Official Google Maps blog
** About Google Maps
** Google Local Guides
** Google Maps Platform
IsiLingala

**IsiLingala** (noma **isiLingala**) siwulimi lwesiNtu ikakhulukazi eDemocratic Republic of the Congo lapho kuwulimi lwesizwe kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo lapho futhi samukelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngokuya ngezigaba zikaMalcolm Guthrie zezilimi zesiNtu isiLingala iseqenjini le-C40.

Kukhulunywa kakhulu nguWangala.

Ngo-2007 inani labakhuluma isiLingala njengolimi lokuqala eDemocratic Republic lilinganiselwa kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5.5; ngaphezu kwalokho kunabantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa abakhuluma isiLingala njengolimi lwesibili. Kukhona futhi abakhuluma isiKingala eRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo, eCentral African Republic, eGabon, e-Equatorial Guinea, eCameroon, eChad nase-Angola.

Izibonelo kanye ne-Kingala

*Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango*.

ITranstation

Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesithunzi nangamalungelo. Bahlanganiswe wumcabango nangunembeza futhi kufanele baphathane ngomoya wobunye.
Google Street View

I-**Google Street View** iyiubuchwepheshe obufakwe ku-Google Maps naku-Google Earth obuhlinzeka ngama-panorama asebenzisanayo avela ezindaweni ezisezitaladini eziningi emhlabeni. Yasungulwa ngo-2007 emadolobheni amaningana e-Melika, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yanda ukuze ihlanganise amadolobha nezindawo zasemaphandleni emhlabeni jikelele. Imigwaqo enesithombe se-Street View etholakalayo iboniswa njengemigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-Google Maps.

I-Google Street View ibonisa ama-panorama ezithombe ezithungiwe ze-VR. Ukuthwebula izithombe okuningi kwenziwa ngemoto, kodwa okunye kwenziwa ngamabhayisikili amathathu, ikamela, isikebhe, inqola eqhweni, imishini engaphansi kwamanzi, nangezinyawo.

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* 
* Map of Google Street View coverage
Google Drive

I-**Google Drive** iwukugcina ifayela kanye nesevisi yokuvumelanisa eyakhiwe i-Google. Yethulwe ngo-Ephreli 24, 2012, i-Google Drayivu ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bagcine amafayela emafini (kumaseva e-Google), bavumelanise amafayela kuwo wonke amadivayisi, futhi babelane ngamafayela. Ngokungeziwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu, i-Google Drive inikela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinekhono lokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi lamakhompyutha e-Windows ne-macOS, kanye nama-smartphones namathebulethi e-Android ne-iOS.

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* 
* Official blog
Pinkfong

I-**Pinkfong** () iwuphawu lwezemfundo lwezingane lweNkampani ye-Pinkfong (phambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-SmartStudy), inkampani yokuzijabulisa kwezemfundo yaseNingizimu Korea. I-Pinkfong iqukethe ikakhulukazi izingoma zezingane, okukhona kuzo edume kakhulu "Baby Shark"; futhi ividiyo yayo yomdanso ekugcineni ibe yividiyo ye-YouTube ebukwe kakhulu. Isiteshi sabo semfundo sinokuhlelwa kwezindaba ezinemibala egqamile, izingoma zokucula kanye nemidanso emelwe impungushe ephinki ebizwa ngokuthi "Pinkfong". Inkampani yomhlaba wonke yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo inamavidiyo ezingane, izingoma, imidlalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphezu kuka-4,000.

## Imithombo


## Amakhasi amangaphandle

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Baby Shark

I-"**Baby Shark**" iyingoma yezingane nomdanso ohlobene. Isuka njengengoma yomlilo wekamu, i-"Baby Shark" yaduma kakhulu ngo-2016, lapho u-Pinkfong, inkampani yezokuzijabulisa yaseNingizimu Korea, ikhipha inguqulo yengoma enevidiyo yomculo ye-YouTube eyasakazeka kuyo yonke inkundla yezokuxhumana, amavidiyo aku-inthanethi nomsakazo. NgoNovemba 2020, inguqulo ye-Pinkfong ibe ividiyo ye-YouTube ebukwa kakhulu kunayo yonke eyake yaba khona, enokubukwa okungaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-7. NgoJanuwari 2022, ibe yividiyo yokuqala ye-YouTube ukufinyelela ukubukwa okuyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10.

## Enye imidiya
NgoNovemba 2019, ibhuku lezingane elilayisensiwe ngokusemthethweni elisuselwe ezinhlamvu ze-Pinkfong lalikhangiswa u-HarperCollins, kuyilapho izincwadi zezingane ezinhlanu ezingenalayisense ezihlinzekwa i-Scholastic Corporation zithengise amakhophi angaphezu kwesigidi.

## Imithombo


## Amakhasi amangaphandle
* 
* Baby Shark episode of the ''Slate'' podcast *[[Decoder Ring (Slate)|Decoder Ring]]*
IGyani

**iGiyani** iyidolobha elikhulu eSifundazweni saseLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrika, futhi inhloko-dolobha yangaphambili yezwe laseGazankulu. Amadolobha aseduze afaka i-Modjadjiskloof, Phalaborwa kanye neThohoyandou. 

Ngo-2011, leli dolobha lalinabantu abangu-25,954, abangama-25,157 (96.9%) kubo kwakungabantu abamnyama.
Google Earth

I-**Google Earth** iwuhlelo lwekhompuyutha olunikeza ukumelwa kwe-3D komhlaba okususelwe ngokuyinhloko kumfanekiso wesathelayithi. Uhlelo lwenza imephu yoMhlaba ngokuphakamisa izithombe zesathelayithi, ukuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni, kanye nedatha ye-GIS embulungeni ye-3D, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babone amadolobha nezindawo bevela kuma-engeli ahlukahlukene. Abasebenzisi bangahlola imbulunga ngokufaka amakheli nezixhumanisi, noma ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi noma igundane. Lolu hlelo lungaphinda lulandwe ku-smartphone noma kuthebhulethi, kusetshenziswa isikrini sokuthinta noma i-stylus ukuze uzulazule. Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa uhlelo ukuze bengeze idatha yabo besebenzisa Ulimi Lomaka Lwe-Keyhole futhi balulayishe ngemithombo ehlukahlukene, njengezinkundla noma amabhulogi. I-Google Earth iyakwazi ukukhombisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe ezimbozwe phezu komhlaba futhi iyiklayenti Lesevisi Yemephu Yewebhu. Ngo-2019, i-Google iveze ukuthi i-Google Earth manje isihlanganisa amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-98 omhlaba, futhi isithwebule izithombe zamamayela ayizigidi ezingu-10 ze-Street View.

Ngokungeziwe ekuzulazuleni komhlaba, i-Google Earth inikeza uchungechunge lwamanye amathuluzi ngohlelo lokusebenza lwedeskithophu, okuhlanganisa nethuluzi lokulinganisa ibanga. Ama-globe engeziwe eNyanga ne-Mars ayatholakala, kanye nethuluzi lokubuka isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Umdlalo wokulingisa indiza nawo ufakiwe. Ezinye izici zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuke izithombe ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezilayishwe ku-Panoramio, ulwazi olunikezwe i-Wikipedia kwezinye izindawo, kanye nesithombe se-Street View. Inguqulo esekelwe kuwebhu ye-Google Earth iphinde ifake phakathi i-Voyager, isici esinezela ngezikhathi ezithile uhambo lwangaphakathi nohlelo, oluvamise ukuvezwa ososayensi nababhali bemibhalo.

I-Google Earth ibukwe abanye njengosongo kubumfihlo nokuphepha kwezwe, okuholela ekuvinjweni kohlelo emazweni amaningi. Amanye amazwe acele ukuthi izindawo ezithile zingafihlwa ezithombeni zesathelayithi ye-Google, ngokuvamile izindawo eziqukethe izinsiza zezempi.

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## Amakhasi amangaphandle

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* Official Google Maps and Earth blog
* Google Earth Outreach
Google Translate

I-**Google Translate** iyisevisi yokuhumusha yomshini we-neural yezilimi eziningi eyakhiwe i-Google ukuze ihumushe umbhalo, amadokhumenti namawebhusayithi ukusuka kolunye ulimi kuye kolunye. Inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhusayithi, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwe-Android ne-iOS, kanye ne-API esiza onjiniyela bakhe izandiso zesiphequluli nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe.

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Vajiralongkorn

**UVajiralongkorn** (; , ; owezalwa 28 kuJulayi 1952) uyinkosi yaseThailande. Uwukuphela kwendodana yeNkosi uBhumibol Adulyadej kanye neNdlovukazi uSirikit. Ngo-1972, eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, wenziwa inkosana yomqhele nguyise.

## Amanothi

## Imithombo
Suppasit Jongcheveevat

**USuppasit Jongcheveevat** (), isiteketiso **Mew** (), ungumlingisi waseThailande, umculi-umbhali wengoma, i-CEO kanye nomdidiyeli. Waziwa ngendima yakhe njengoTharn ku. Uyiciko lokuqala lase-Thailande ukungena eshadini le-Billboard's World Digital Song Sales, ngezingoma zakhe ezinhlanu ezifinyelele kweziyishumi eziphezulu.

## Imithombo
ULiv noMaddie

***ULiv noMaddie*** () iyiuchungechunge lukamabonakude wamahlaya waseMelika olwakhiwe ngu-John D. Beck noRon Hart olwadlala kuDisney Channel kusukela ngomhlaka-19 Julayi 2013 kuya ku-Mashi 24, 2017. Uchungechunge oluyinkanyezi uDove Cameron, uJoey Bragg, uTenzing Norgay Trainor, uKali Rocha, uBenjamin King, kanye noLauren Lindsey Donzis.

## Abalingisi

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AmaTeletubby

***AmaTeletubby*** () iyiuchungechunge lwethelevishini lwezingane lwaseBrithani olwakhiwe ngu-Anne Wood no-Andrew Davenport be-BBC. Uhlelo lugxile kubalingiswa abane abanemibala ehlukene abaziwa ngokuthi amaTeletubby, aqanjwe ngezikrini zikamabonakude eziseziswini zabo.

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Isipontshi Bob Amabhulukwe Ayisikwele

***SpongeBob Amabhuluxaus*** iwuchungechunge lwethelevishini lwamahlaya lwaseMelika olwakhiwe uthisha wesayensi yasolwandle kanye nomdidiyeli wopopayi uStephen Hillenburg weNickelodeon. Uchungechunge lulandisa ngezigigaba zomlingisi wesihloko nabangane bakhe basemanzini edolobheni lenganekwane elingaphansi kwamanzi lase-Bikini Bottom. Njengoba iwuchungechunge lwesihlanu olude kakhulu lopopayi lwaseMelika, ukuduma kwalo okuphezulu kulwenze lwaba yibhizinisi labezindaba. Iwuchungechunge olukalwe kakhulu oluzosakazwa ku-Nickelodeon kanye nempahla enenzuzo enkulu ye-Paramount Consumer Products, ekhiqize ngaphezu kwe- $13 bhiliyoni emalini engenayo yokuthengisa kusukela ngo-2019.

*SpongeBob Amabhuluxaus* iwine imiklomelo eyahlukene okuhlanganisa i-Annie Awards eyisithupha, i-Golden Reel Awards eyisishiyagalombili, i-Emmy Awards emine, i-18 Kids' Choice Awards, kanye ne-BAFTA Children's Awards emibili. Umculo we-Broadway osuselwe ochungechungeni owavulwa ngo-2017 ukuze utuswe kakhulu.

NgesiZulu, lolu chungechunge lusakazwa kuma-Nicktoons, abizwa ngesiZulu anemibhalo engezansi yesiNgisi.
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Impungushe Nenja

***Impungushe Nenja*** () iyifilimu yomngane wopopayi yango-1981 ekhiqizwe yi-Walt Disney Productions futhi ngokukhululekile isuselwa kunoveli yango-1967 yegama elifanayo kaDaniel P. Mannix.

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Indiza Ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi

***Indiza Ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi*** () iyifilimu kakhisimusi yopopayi ka-2008 eqondiswa uMichael Hegner kanye noKari Juusonen. Izungeza inyamazane encane okuthiwa u-Niko okufanele inqobe ukwesaba kwayo ukundiza ngokulibangisa e-SantDiavulus' Fall ukuze isindise yona kanye nomkhumbi wayo wezilwane ezindizayo eqoqweni lezimpisi.

## Bona futhi

* Umfowethu Omncane, Inkinga Enkulu: Ukuzijabulisa kaKhisimusi

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Abdul Hamid

**Abdul Hamid** (owazalwa zi-1 kuJanuwari 1944) usopolitiki wase-Bangladeshi okwamanje osebenza njengomongameli wase-Bangladesh. Wakhethwa ukuthi athathe ihlandla lakhe lokuqala ngo-April 2013, futhi waphinde waqokelwa ihlandla lakhe lesibili lamanje ngo-2018. Ngaphambilini usebenze njengosomlomo wePhalamende Likazwelonke kusukela ngoJanuwari 2009 kuya ku-April 2013.

## Izikhombo
Bengali

IsiBengali, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Bangla (বাংলা, isabizwana sesiBengali: [ˈbaŋla]), siwulimi lwase-Indo-Aryan oluzalelwa esifundeni sase-Bengal eNingizimu ye-Asia.
Indaba Yemvukuzane Encane Eyazi Ukuthi Akuyona Indaba Yakhe

***Indaba Yemvukuzane Encane Eyazi Ukuthi Akuyona Indaba Yakhe*** () yincwadi yezingane yababhali bezingane baseJalimane u-Werner Holzwarth kanye no-Wolf Erlbruch. Incwadi yashicilelwa okokuqala ngu-Peter Hammer Verlag ngo-1989; ngokushesha yahunyushwa futhi yaba impumelelo emhlabeni wonke.

## Umlando
Imvukuzane esanda kuphuma emgodini wayo ithululwa ekhanda yisilwane esingaziwa; uqinisekile ukuthi akuyona eyakhe futhi uqala umkhankaso wokuthola ukuthi ingekabani. Imvukuzane ihlangana nenyoni, ihhashi, unogwaja, imbuzi, inkomo nengulube bese zonke zikhipha indle ukuze zibonise ukuthi eyakhe ibukeka kanjani, futhi ekugcineni imvukuzane ithola usizo kwezinye izimpukane ezimsiza ukuba abone ukuthi ubani: Jean- Roger (Basil ekuhunyushweni kwesiNgisi) inja kabhusha. Imvukuzane ifuna ukuziphindiselela ngokupopoloza ekhanda lenja, bese ibuyela emgodini wayo ngenjabulo.

## Amakhasi amangaphandle

* The Guardian
Isizini Evulekile (ifilimu ka-2006)

***Isizini Evulekile*** () iyifilimu yamahlaya yaseMelika yango-2006, eqondiswa uRoger Allers noJill Culton kusukela kumdlalo wesikrini ka-Steve Bencich, uRon J. Friedman, no-Nat Mauldin. Le filimu ilingisa kakhulu amazwi kaMartin Lawrence, Ashton Kutcher, Gary Sinise, Debra Messing, Billy Connolly, Jon Favreau, Georgia Engel, Jane Krakowski, Gordon Tootoosis, noPatrick Warburton. Itulo lakhona lilandela u-Boog, ibhere elifuywayo elihlangene nenyamazane yomnyuzi enempondo eyodwa ene-amnesiac ebizwa ngokuthi u-Elliot nezinye izilwane zasehlathini ukuze linqobe abazingeli abangabantu.

## Bona futhi

* Isizini Yesibili Evulekile (2008)
* Isizini Yesithathu Evulekile (2010)
* Isizini Yesine Evulekile (2016)

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Inja ye-Rock

***Inja ye-Rock*** ( ,) iyifilimu yamahlaya edlalwa ikhompuyutha ka-2016 ekhiqizwe i-Mandoo Pictures kanye ne-Huayi Brothers. Le filimu iqondiswe ngu-Ash Brannon ekuqaleni kokuqondisa kwakhe eyedwa, kusukela kuskripthi sikaBrannon noKurt Voelker. Ifilimu esekelwe kunoveli yezithombe ye-Shayina *Tibetan Rock Dog* ka-Zheng Jun, nakuba isisekelo sayo sishintshiwe kakhulu. Le filimu ilandela insizwa yaseTibet Mastiff eshiya isigodi sakubo esentabeni wayokuba ngumculi we-rock edolobheni elikhulu ngemuva kokuwa komsakazo uvela esibhakabhakeni.

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AmaSimpson

***AmaSimpson*** () iyisitcom epopayi yaseMelika eyakhiwe nguMatt Groening weFox Broadcasting Company. Lolu chungechunge luwumfanekiso ohlekisayo wempilo yaseMelika, efanekiselwa umndeni wakwaSimpson, ohlanganisa uHomer, uMarge, uBart, uLisa, noMaggie. Umbukiso uhlelwe edolobheni eliqanjiwe lase-Springfield kanye namafilimu amasiko nomphakathi waseMelika, ithelevishini, kanye nesimo somuntu. 

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Izinja emkhathini (Izinhlelo ze-TV)

***Izinja emkhathini*** () iwuchungechunge lwethelevishini olusakazwayo lwe-action-adventure olwakhiwe ngu-Jeremiah Cortez futhi lwathuthukiswa u-Cortez, u-James Hamilton no-Adam Henry be-Netflix. Ikhiqizwe ngabakwa-GrizzlyJerr Productions kanye ne-Netflix Animation, enopopayi enikezwe i-Atomic Cartoons, uchungechunge olukhonjiswe okokuqala ngoNovemba 18, 2021.

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Hoya carnosa

I-***Hoya carnosa*** iwuhlobo lwe-asclepid lwesitshalo esiqhakaza emndenini we-dogbane i-Apocynaceae. Ingenye yezinhlobo eziningi zeHoya ezitholakala eMpumalanga Eshiya nase-Ostreliya. Kuyisitshalo esivamile sasendlini esitshalwe ngenxa yamahlamvu aso akhangayo, kanye nezimbali ezinephunga elimnandi. Itshalwa kahle emabhodweni nakubhasikidi abalengayo.

I-*Hoya carnosa* isineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200 ilinywa futhi isinikeze izimila eziningi ezihluka ngendlela yamahlamvu noma umbala wezimbali. Ekulinyweni e-UK ithole indondo ye-Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

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Wades

IWades yinkampani ka-Edgar Agayi. Yaziwa kakhulu ngokugqama kwayo emhlabeni ngokuphathwa kwayo okusunguliwe. Yasungulwa ngonyaka wezi-2017 futhi isikhule yaba enye yezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni.

## Referencio
Ephenduka Ebomvu

***Ephenduka Ebomvu*** () iyifilimu yamahlaya yaseMelika yango-2022 edlalwa yikhompyutha ekhiqizwe yi-Pixar Animation Studios futhi yasatshalaliswa ngabakwa-Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Ifilimu iqondiswe nguDomee Shi (kwisici sakhe sokuqala somhlahlandlela), ebhalwe nguShi noJulia Cho, yakhiqizwa nguLindsey Collins. Idlala ngamazwi kaRosalie Chiang, Sandra Oh, Ava Morse, Hyein Park, Maitreyi Ramakrishnan, Orion Lee, Wai Ching Ho, Tristan Allerick Chen, noJames Hong.

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Given Mkhari

**uGiven Mkhari** ungusomabhizinisi waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesikhulu sokusakaza nokuchumana.

## Umlando

UMkhari ungowokudabuka eBurgersfort, ngaphandle kwaseTzaneen. Ufunde eNyuvesi yaseLimpopo. Uyisikhulu esiphezulu se-MSG Afrika, inkampani yabezindaba ephethe izinkampani eziningi zokusakaza nezokuzijabulisa okubalwa kuzo iPower FM, Quizzical Pictures Capricorn FM nezinye. UMkhari uke wabhekana nengwadla ngemuva kokuthi uMongameli Cyril Ramaphosa ehoxise isimemo sakhe senkulumompikiswano kaSihlalo ebiholwa nguMkhari ngenxa yezinsolo zokuthi uhlukumeza unkosikazi wakhe.

## Izinkomba
Shireen Abu Akleh

**UShireen Abu Akleh** [a] (ngesi-Arabhu: شيرين أبو عاقلة; April 3, 1971 - Meyi 11, 2022) wayeyintatheli yasePalestina  kanye nase Melika eyayisebenza njengentatheli yesiteshi solimi lwesi-Arabhu i-Al Jazeera iminyaka engama-25, futhi wayengumndeni. igama lakhe kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi amashumi eminyaka ebika ezindaweni zasePalestine ezihlaselwe yi-Israel. 

NgoMeyi 11, 2022, ngesikhathi egqoke ivesti eliluhlaza elibhalwe ukuthi “PRESS”, wadutshulwa wabulawa ngesikhathi ehlola ukuhlasela kwamasosha akwa-Israel ekamu Lababaleki laseJenin eWest Bank. U-Al Jazeera, umthwebuli wezithombe ze-AFP kanye noMnyango Wezempilo wasePalestine babike ukuthi i-IDF imbulele, kanti imibiko yokuqala yakwa-Israel iphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umbulali wasePalestine umbulele, ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kamuva kwaveza ukuthi umbulali bekungakaziwa. U-Abu Akleh wayeyintatheli ehamba phambili emhlabeni wama-Arab. Umsebenzi wakhe wawuhlanganisa nokubika ngezenzakalo ezinkulu zasePalestine kanye nokuhlaziya ipolitiki yakwa-Isreyili; ukubika kwakhe kumabonakude kanye nokusayina kwakhe okuhlukile kwakwaziwa kakhulu, futhi wagqugquzela abanye abantu abaningi basePalestine nama-Arabs ukuthi baphishekele imisebenzi yobuntatheli.

## Izinkomba
Hamba, Nja. Hamba! (incwadi)

***Hamba, Nja. Hamba!*** () iyincwadi yezingane yango-1961 eyabhalwa futhi yaboniswa ngu-P. D. Eastman. Ichaza izenzo nokusebenzelana kweqembu lezinja ezihamba kakhulu, ezisebenzisa izimoto nokunye ukuthutha ukuze ziphishekele umsebenzi, ukudlala, kanye nomgomo wokugcina ongaqondakali: iphathi yezinja.
Shrek

I-***Shrek*** iyifilimu yamahlaya yaseMelika epopayi ka-2001 esekelwe encwadini yezithombe zenganekwane yango-1990 enegama elifanayo likaWilliam Steig. Iqondiswa u-Andrew Adamson no-Vicky Jenson kuma-directory abo okuqala, ilingisa inkanyezi uMike Myers, u-Eddie Murphy, uCameron Diaz, no-John Lithgow njengamazwi abalingiswa abaphambili. Ifilimu idlala ngokunye ukujwayela kwezinganekwane, okuhloswe kakhulu kumafilimu e-Disney agqwayizayo. Indaba ilandela i-titular Shrek (Myers), i-ogre ethola ixhaphozi layo ligcwele izidalwa zezinganekwane ezixoshwe iNkosi ekhohlakele uFarquaad (Lithgow) efuna ukuba yinkosi. UShrek wenza isivumelwano noFarquaad ukuze aphinde alawule ixhaphozi lakhe ukuze ahlenge uPrincess Fiona (Diaz), uFarquaad ahlose ukumshada. Ngosizo lwembongolo (u-Murphy), u-Shrek uqala isifiso sakhe kodwa ngokushesha uthandana nenkosazana, efihla imfihlo ezoshintsha impilo yakhe unomphela.

Ngemva kokuthenga amalungelo encwadi kaSteig ngo-1991, uSteven Spielberg wahlela ukukhiqiza ifilimu edlalwa ngokwesintu esekelwe encwadini, kodwa uJohn H. Williams wamqinisekisa ukuthi alethe iphrojekthi ku-DreamWorks eyayisanda kusungulwa ngo-1994. UJeffrey Katzenberg waqala ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwe ifilimu ngo-1995 ngokushesha kulandela ukuthengwa kwestudio kwamalungelo kwaSpielberg. UChris Farley ekuqaleni wadlalwa njengezwi lomlingiswa wesihloko, eqopha cishe yonke inkhulumomphendvulwano edingekayo. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Farley ngo-1997 ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wakhe wefilimu uqedwe, uMike Myers waqashwa ukuthi azwakalise lo mlingiswa, wagcina esezimisele ngokunikeza uShrek isiphiwo saseScotland. Ifilimu ibihloselwe ukuthi idalwe kusetshenziswa ukuthwebula okunyakazayo, kodwa ngemuva kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa engemihle, isitudiyo saqasha i-Pacific Data Images ukuthi iqedele ukugqwayiza kokugcina kwekhompyutha.

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Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama (ifilimu)

***Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama*** () ifilimu yamahlaya yango-2009 yesayensi yekhompuyutha ekhiqizwa yi-Sony Pictures Animation futhi ngokukhululekile isekelwe encwadini yezingane yango-1978 enegama elifanayo ka-Judi no-Ron Barrett. Le filimu yabhalwa futhi yaqondiswa nguPhil Lord kanye noChristopher Miller ekuqaleni kwabo kokuqondisa, futhi ihlanganisa amazwi kaBill Hader, Anna Faris, James Caan, Andy Samberg, Bruce Campbell, Mr. T, Benjamin Bratt, kanye noNeil Patrick Harris. Ifilimu igxile kumsunguli osafufusa ogama lakhe lingu-Flint Lockwood owakha, kulandela uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezihlulekile, umshini ongaguqula amanzi abe ukudla. Ngemuva kokuthi umshini uthole imizwa futhi uqala ukwenza izivunguvungu zokudla, u-Flint kufanele awumise ukuze asindise umhlaba.

Ifilimu iqale ukukhonjiswa e-Los Angeles ngoSepthemba 12, 2009, futhi yakhululwa e-United States ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kamuva ngoSepthemba 18 ngabakwaSony Pictures Releasing ngaphansi kwelebula ye-Columbia Pictures. Izuze ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-243 zamaRandi emhlabeni jikelele ngesabelomali sezigidi ezingu-$ 100 ebhokisini lebhokisi.

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The Little Mermaid

**The Little Mermaid** ifilimu umcabango womculo efilimu ye-1989, futhi owokuqala kusuka ku-Walt Disney.
Sigananda kaZokufa

**USigananda kaZokufa** (wazalwangeminyaka yabo 1815–1906) wayeyinduna yesizwe samaZulu owaphila ngenkathi yokubusa kwamakhosi amane amaZulu eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Ngokomlando oxoxwayo, uyisemkhulu kaSigananda wayeyinkosi uMvakela owaganwa udadewabo kaNandi unina weNkosi uShaka, uyise wayeyinkosi uZokufa.

## Umlando
Impilo nomsebenzi kaSigananda kaZokufa waqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaShaka (1816 – 1828), Dingane (1828 – 1840), Mpande (1840 – 1872) kanye noCetshwayo (1872 – 1884). Uyise uZokufa wayengomunye wabantu ababephila ngesikhathi sikaShaka. Umlando uveza ukuthi uShaka wayengakaze akwazi ukunqoba isizwe samaChube, uZokufa ayeyinkosi yabo, kodwa lesi sizwe esincane sazihlanganisa nombuso kaShaka wakwaZulu. Esengumfana uSigananda wayephethe icansi likaShaka, ngaphansi kukaDingane wasebenza ngaphansi kwamabutho we Mkhulutshane. Wayekhona nakubulawa iVoortrekker, uPiet Retief, kanye nabalandeli bakhe emzini kaDingane eMgungundlovu.

## Izinkomba
UDiébédo Francis Kéré

**UDiébédo Francis Kéré** wazalelwa edolobheni elincane laseGando eBurkina Faso ngomhla ka-10 ku-Apreli ngonyaka ka-1965. Ungumdwebi wezakhiwo wodumo obehlala eBerlin, eJalimane kusukela ngo-1985. 

Waziwa ngezindlela zakhe ezisha futhi ngezakhiwo zakhe ezihambisana nesimo sezulu sendawo ezakhiwe kuyo. Emisebenzini yakhe usebenzisa izinto zokwakha zendawo njengokhuni futhi uyaqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zakhe azichithi amandla amaningi futhi zisimeme. Ucinga izindawo ezinelanga nomoya ukuze kugwenywe imishini yomoya.

UKéré waqala imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi eBurkina Faso waqhubeka nayo eJalimane lapho wathola khona  umfundaze evela kwa-Carl-Duisberg-Gesellschaft. Ngo-1995 waqala ukufundela ubunjiniyela bezokwakha eNyuvesi yezoBuchwepheshe yaseBerlin. Ngesikhathi efunda wanquma ukusungula isisekelo ngoba wayefuna ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe phakathi kwezizukulwane ezilandelayo wase wakha isikhole sokuqala endaweni yangakubo. Wabambisana nabantu bendawo abanikela amandla nezinto zokwakha kwesikhole. UKéré walokhu wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe lobuchwepheshe nentsha ethakazelayo.

UKéré wenze amaphrojekthi emazweni ahlukene njengaseBurkina Faso, eMali, eKenya, eUganda, eMozambiki, eJalimane, eMelika nakwamanye amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho wasebenza njengoprofesa oyisivakashi eJalimane, eMelika neSwitzerland.

Ngaphandle kokusebenza njengomakhi waphinda ukunikela isikhathi esiningi ekufundiseni (isibonelo eNyuvesi yaseSvizzera italiana). Ngo-2017 wamenyelwa ukuba nguprofesa “womklamo nokuhlanganyela wezokwakha” eNyuvesi yezoBuchwepheshe yaseBerlin.

## Imisebenzi ebalulekile kanye nemibukiso

Wawina imiklomelo yamazwe ngamazwe eminingana kuhlanganise
* Global Award for Sustainable Architecture 
* Aga Khan Award for Architecture 
* Holcim Award for Sustainable Construction 
* Schelling Architecture Award 

Ngo-2022 wawina umKlomelo we-Pritzker ohlonishwayo okhishwa emkhakheni wezokwakha. Lo mklomelo wabizwa ngabaningi njengomklomelo weNobel wezokwakha. WayengumAfrika wokuqala ukuthola lo mklomelo odume emhlabeni wonke.
UMamazane

**UMamazane** yinoveli yesiZulu eyabhalwa ngu R. H. Mthembu, yaphabhulishwa yinkomponi iTW Briggs & Co. (PTY) LTD ngokokuqala ngonyaka ka 1947. Yaphinde yabuyekezwa ngokwesibili ngonyaka ka 1948, yaprintwa ngonyaka ka 1953, 1955 nango 1957. Yabuyekezwa ngokwesithathu ngonyaka ka 1979, yaprintwa ngo 1980 nango 1983. 

UMamazane watolikelwa kulwimi Lwesingisi ngonyaka ka 2003, utolikwa ngu D.M. Mzolo kanye no Anthony Trevor Cope. Yaphabhulishwa yinkomponi i-Solo Collective.

Category : New category Amanoveli
R. H. Mthembu

**UR. H. Mthembu** ngumbhali wama noveli esiZulu owaziwa kakhulu nge noveli yakhe ethiwa UMamazane ayibhala ngo 1947. UMthembu uzalwa yi nkosikazi uElizabeth Mthembu "okunguye owafunda lencwadi(UMamazane) ngokokuqala isengamaphepha" kusho uMthembu emazwini okwethula UMamazane.
Umbuso wokuzihlukanisa

Umbuso wokuzihlukanisa, phecelezi i-*autarky* ngesiNgisi, nguhlobo lombuso lapho umbuso noma umphakathi uhlosa ukuzibusela wodwa ngaphandle kokusizana neminye imibuso. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lokubusa ngamazwe njengeNorth Korea, umbuso kaAdolf Hitler eJalimane, iNgilande kusukela isikhathi sika-*Brexit* namanye aphokophele kabi ukuba nomnotho nenhlalo yezinga elifanele.

Ngaphansi kombuso ozihlukanisayo umnotho uvama ukubhidlika ngenxa yokuthi leyo mibuso efuna ukuzihlukanisa kwezomhwebo nezombusamazwe ingakwazi ukuzondla ngezinga elifanele. Umnotho wezwe udinga ukuhwetshwa kwezimpahla, ukudla, imibono, amasiko, nokunye okuningi ukuze kungaphilwa kahle kucebile kuwonkewonke. Futhi-ke abantu abamemezela ukuletha ukuhlukaniswa kombuso bavamisile ukusola abokufuka ngazo zonke izinkinga ezikhona emphakathini - kuke kwenzeke lokho kuwo wonke amazwe ayezibusa ngokuzihlukanisa aze adilike onke.
Reza Hosseini Nassab

**Reza Hosseini Nassab**, (usuku lokuzalwa: 1960),  wayengu-Imam we Hamburg Islamic Center. Kusukela ngo-2003, ube nguMongameli weShia Federation Canada. 
## Okushicilelwe
Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-215 zemfundiso yenkolo yamaSulumane, iShia Ideology, Philosophy, Umthetho kanye neLogic. 
Ezinye zezincwadi zakhe zimi kanje:
* Impendulo yeSharia
* Umthetho wamaSulumane
* UbuProfethi
*Imam Hussein
* I-Islam Yanamuhla
* Islam kanye Umculo
* I-Islam kanye nentando yeningi
* Izimiso Logic
* Ifilosofi
* Ukuhlakanipha
* Intsha. 
## Izikhungo
Uye wasungula izikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-20 Canada, Germany, kanye Switzerland. 

## Izikhombo
U-Elon Musk

**U-Elon Reeve Musk** FRS (/ˈiːlɒn/ EE-lon; wazalwa ngoJuni 28, 1971) ungusomabhizinisi futhi ungumtshali wemali.Ungumsunguli, i-CEO, kanye noNjiniyela Oyinhloko we-SpaceX; umtshali wezimali oyingelosi, i- CEO, kanye ne-Producte Architect ye-Tesla, Inc.; umsunguli we-The Boring Company; kanye nomsunguli we ne-Neuralink ne-OpenAI.Enenani elilinganiselwa ku-US $ 221.4 billion kusukela ngoJulayi 2022, uMusk ungumuntu ocebe kunabo bonke emhlabeni ngokusho kwe-Bloomberg Billionaires Index kanye nohlu lwe-Forbes lwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane zesikhathi sangempela.

UMusk wazalelwa abazali abamhlophe baseNingizimu Afrika ePitoli, lapho akhulela khona. Wafunda okwesikhashana e-University of Pretoria ngaphambi kokuthuthela eCanada eneminyaka engu-17, wathola ubuzwe ngomama wakhe owazalelwa eCanada. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wabhalisa eQueen's University futhi wadlulela e-University of Pennsylvania, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-bachelor's e-Economics and Physics.Wathuthela eCalifornia ngo-1995 ukuze aye e-Stanford University kodwa esikhundleni salokho wanquma ukuphishekela umsebenzi webhizinisi, wasungula inkampani ye-web software i-Zip2 nomfowabo uKimbal. I-startup yathengwa yi-Compaq ngama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-307 ngo-1999.Ngonyaka ofanayo, uMusk wasungula ibhange le-inthanethi i-X.com, elihlanganiswe ne-Confinity ngo-2000 ukuze kwakhiwe i-PayPal.Le nkampani yathengwa yi-eBay ngo-2002 ngama- $ 1.5 billion.
I-Eskom

**I-Eskom** iyinkampani yomphakathi kagesi yaseNingizimu Afrika.Yasungulwa ngo-1923 njenge-Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM) futhi yaziwa nangegama layo lesi-Afrikaans i-Elektrisiteitsvoorsieningskommissie (EVKOM).I-Eskom imele iNingizimu Afrika e-South African Power Pool. I-utility ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kagesi e-Afrika, futhi yayiphakathi kwe-utility eziphezulu emhlabeni ngokuqondene namandla okukhiqiza nokuthengiswa, kodwa kusukela lapho iye yehla kuzo zombili izigaba.Iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ezingezehulumeni zaseNingizimu Afrika.I-Eskom isebenzisa iziteshi eziningi zamandla kagesi eziphawulekayo, kufaka phakathi i-Matimba Power Station ne-Medupi Power Station eLephalale, i-Kusile Power Station eWitbank, i-Kendal Power Station, kanye ne-Koeberg Nuclear Power Station e-Western Cape Province, okuwukuphela kwesikhungo samandla enuzi e-Afrika.

Le nkampani ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ze-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, futhi ndawonye i-Eskom ikhiqiza cishe u-95% kagesi osetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika, okwenza u- ~45% osetshenziswa e-Afrika, futhi ikhipha u-42% we-greenhouse gas yaseNingizimu Afrika.Ngokukhipha amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.6 esibabule-dioxide emoyeni ngo-2019, i-Eskom iphinde ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu we-sulfur dioxide embonini yamandla emhlabeni.Ngo-2019, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi i-Eskom yayizohlukaniswa ibe yizinhlangano ezintathu ezihlukile zikazwelonke ngenxa yezikweletu ezinkulu nokungathembeki kahle kokunikeza.

Engqungqutheleni Yenguquko Yesigaba Sezulu YeZizwe Ezihlangene ka-2021, kwamenyezelwa isivumelwano samazwe acebile sokusekela ngokwezimali ukuguqulwa kweNingizimu Afrika kusuka emandleni amalahle kuya emandleni avuselelekayo.Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi emkhakheni wezimayini usongela lolu shintsho.
Isimiso somchamo

Isimiso somchamo, esaziwa nangokuthi **isimiso somchamo** noma **isimiso sezinso**, siqukethe izinso, ama-ureter, isinye, kanye ne-urethra. Inhloso yesimiso somchamo ukukhipha imfucumfucu emzimbeni, ukulawula isilinganiso segazi nomfutho wegazi, ukulawula amazinga ama-electrolytes nama-metabolites, kanye nokulawula i-pH yegazi.Umgudu womchamo uhlelo lokukhishwa komzimba ukuze kukhishwe umchamo ekugcineni. Izinso zinomthamo wegazi omningi ngemithambo yezinso eshiya izinso ngomthambo wezinso. Inso ngayinye iqukethe ama-unit asebenzayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-nephrons.Ngemuva kokucwengwa kwegazi nokuqhubeka nokucubungula, imfucumfucu (esimweni somchamo) iphuma ezinso ngama-ureter, amapayipi enziwe ngemicu yemisipha ebushelelezi edlulisa umchamo uye emgudwini womchamo, lapho ugcinwa khona bese uphuma emzimbeni ngokuchama (ukungafaki).Isimiso somchamo sowesifazane nesoduna sifana kakhulu, sihlukile kuphela ngobude be-urethra.

Umchamo wakheka ezinzweni ngokuhlunga igazi.Umchamo udluliselwa kuma-ureter kuya esinye, lapho ugcinwa khona.Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa komchamo, umchamo udluliswa usuka esinye nge-urethra uye ngaphandle komzimba.

Ama-milliliter (ama-mL) omchamo angu-8002,000 ngokuvamile akhiqizwa nsuku zonke kumuntu onempilo.Leli nani liyahlukahluka kuye ngokudla uketshezi nokusebenza kwezinso.
Izinso

**Izinso** ziyizitho ezimbili ezimise okwebhontshisi ezibomvu-nsundu ezitholakala ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Zitholakala ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla esikhaleni se-retroperitoneal, futhi kubantu abadala cishe.Zithola igazi emithanjeni yezinso ehlanganisiwe; igazi liphuma emithaneni yezinso. Inso ngayinye inamathele kuyi-ureter, ipayipi elithwala umchamo okhishwe isinye.

Izinso zihlanganyela ekulawuleni isilinganiso soketshezi oluhlukahlukene lomzimba, i-osmolality yoketshezi, ukulinganisela kwe-asidi, amazinga ahlukahlukene e-electrolyte, kanye nokukhishwa kobuthi.Ukuhlunga kwenzeka ku-glomerulus: ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yesisindo segazi esingenayo ezinso iyahlungwa. Izibonelo zezinto eziphinde zimuncwe amanzi angenayo i-solute, i-sodium, i-bicarbonate, i-glucose, nama-amino acid.  Izibonelo zezinto ezikhiqizwa yi-hydrogen, i-ammonium, i-potassium ne-uric acid.I-nephron iyingxenye yokwakheka nokusebenza kwezinso. Inso ngayinye yomuntu omdala iqukethe ama-nephron angaba yisigidi esisodwa, kuyilapho inso yegundane iqukethe kuphela ama-nefron angaba ngu-12,500. Izinso nazo zenza imisebenzi ngaphandle kwama-nephron.Ngokwesibonelo, bashintsha isandulela se-vitamin D sibe uhlobo lwayo olusebenzayo, i-calcitriol; futhi bahlanganise ama-hormone e-erythropoietin ne-renin.

Isifo sezinso esiqhubekayo (i-CKD) siye sabhekwa njengenkinga yempilo yomphakathi ephambili emhlabeni wonke.Ukwanda okulinganiselwa emhlabeni wonke kwe-CKD kungama-13.4%, futhi iziguli ezinezinso ezingasebenzi zidinga ukwelashwa kwezinso kulinganiselwa phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-5 nezingu-7.Izinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekunakekeleni isifo sezinso zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-microscopic komchamo (ukuhlanzwa komchamo), ukulinganiswa kokusebenza kwezinso ngokubala isilinganiso sokuhlunga se-glomerular esilinganiselwayo (eGFR) kusetshenziswa i-serum creatinine; kanye ne-biopsy yezinso kanye ne-CT scan ukuhlola i-anatomy engavamile. I-dialysis kanye nokufakelwa kwezinso kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwezinso; eyodwa (noma kokubili ngokulandelana) yalokhu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kusetshenziswa lapho ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla ngaphansi kuka-15%.I-Nephrectomy ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-renal cell carcinoma.

I-renal physiology iwukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso.I-Nephrology iwumkhakha wezokwelapha olawula izifo zokusebenza kwezinso: lezi zihlanganisa i-CKD, i-nephritic ne-nephrotic syndromes, ukulimala kwezinso okubucayi, kanye ne-pyelonephritis. I-Urology ixazulula izifo zezinso (nomgudu womchamo) anatomy: lezi zihlanganisa umdlavuza, ama-cyst ezinso, amatshe ezinso namatshe omchamo, kanye nokuvaleka komgudu womuchamo. Igama elithi "Xoʹrenal" liyisichazamazwi esisho ukuthi "Xo·ʹrenalʹ" futhi imvelaphi yalo isiFulentshi noma isiLatini. Nakuba ngokweminye imibono, "izinso" kufanele zithathelwe indawo "izinso " emibhalweni yesayensi efana "nomthambo wezinso", abanye ochwepheshe baye basekela ukulondoloza ukusetshenziswa kwezinso njengoba kufanele kufaka phakathi "emthambo weinso".
Lalela Mswane

U**Lalela Mswane** (Mashi 27, 1997) uyindlovukazi yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nonobuhle, owawina umncintiswano kaMiss Supranational ngo-2022. Phambilini uqokwe njengoMiss South Africa 2021 waphinde wamela iNingizimu Afrika kuMiss Universe 2021, waqeda endaweni yesithathu.

## Izinkomba
Jessie Duarte

**U-Yasmin "Jessie" Duarte** (owazalwa u-**Yasmeen Dangor**; 19 Septhemba 1953 - 17 Julayi 2022) wayengusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika futhi eyibamba likanobhala-jikelele we-African National Congress. Owayeyisishoshovu eside esilwa nobandlululo, wasebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene njengomsizi okhethekile kaMnuz Nelson Mandela, owayeyilungu leKhabhinethi yesifundazwe (MEC) eGauteng, waba yiNxusa laseMozambique kanye nomkhulumeli we-ANC, ngaphambi kokuthatha isikhundla sakhe njengePhini likaNobhala-Jikelele. we-ANC ngo-2012, waze washona mhla ziyi-17 kuJulayi 2022.

Duarte ushone mhlaka 17 Julayi 2022 ngemuva kwekugula isifo somdlavuza. 

## Izinkomba