IViyena

**IViyena** (isiNgisi: Vienna; isiJalimane: Wien; isiViyena: Wean) iyisiqongo sase-Ostriya. Idolobha leli elikhulu lisempumalanga yase-Ostriya enkabeni yezwekazi laseYurophu. Kukhona ngaphezulu izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezimbili eViyena kanjalo iyidolobha lesihlanu ngobukhulu ngenani labantu e-European Union futhi iyidolobha leshumi ngobukhulu ngenani labantu ezwekazini laseYurophu. IyiGlobal City kanjalo kukhona indawo yezinhlangano njenge-United Nations.

## Izifunda nemvelo

IViyena isehlangothi oluyimpumalanga lwase-Alpi (izintaba eYurophu) futhi idabulwa ngomfula omkhulu iDanubu. Kukhona ibhande yemvelo emaphethelweni wasedolobha. Intaba ephakheme ekhulu kunazo zonke izintaba ezincane ezinye edolobheni leli ibizwa iHermannskogel namamitha angu-544 ngaphezulu kolwandle esifundeni esinegama iDöbling enyakhatho yaseViyena. Izintaba ezinye ezidume esifundeni iDöbling zibizwa iKahlenberg, iLeopoldsberg futhi iCobenzl. Enyakhatho yasedolobha leli ezifundeni iDöbling kanti iFloridsdorf kulinywa amagilebhisi ewayini futhi. Uhlangothi oluyimpumalanga lwomfula iDanubu luyingxenye yasesifunda esikhulu iMarchfeld kanti lubizwa iTransdanubien, kukhona izifunda ezinamagama iFloridsdorf kanti iDonaustadt. Lesi sifunda esikhulu sidume ngokulinywa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemifino. Entshonalanga yaseViyena kukhona ihlathi elikhulu elibizwa iLainzer Tiergarten ehlalwa ngezilwane eziningi njengezingulube zasendle, izinyamazane zaseYurophu, izimpungushe futhi izinhlobo zamalulwane ezihlukahlukene. Eningizimu-mpumalanga kukhona ihlathi elikhulu elibizwa iLobau, ingxenye yepaki yezwe iDonau-Auen, ehlalwa ngezilwane amabhiva nezimfudu.

IViyena inezifunda ezingamashumi amambili namthathu. Lezi zifunda zinamagama namanombolo:

## Umlando wedolobha
AmaRoma baqamba idolobha elibizwa iVindobona ekhulwini leminyaka lokuqala emva ukuzalwa kwakaKristu yakhona esifundeni sesithathu sesimanje.

AmaBabenberger baqamba izwe elinegama liyi-Ostarrichi enyakeni engu-976 futhi iViyena yachazwa sekuyisiqongo sasezwe leli enyakeni engu-1155 ngoHeinrich Jasomirgott. IYunivesi yaseViyena yasungulwa enyakeni engu-1365 ngamaHabsburger.

Enyakeni engu-1529 bekwenzeka ukuvimbezela kwamaTheki kwokuqala futhi enyakeni engu-1683 bekwenzeka ukuvimbezela kwamaTheki kwesibili.

Emva kwempi yomhlaba yokuqala enyakeni engu-1920 iViyena yachazwa isifundazwe esitsha maphakhathi nesifundazwe iLower Austria. Ngaphambi kwempi yomhlaba yesibili enyakeni engu-1938 bekukhethwa ukukhulisa idolobha ngokuchaza izindawo ezizungeze idolobha njengengxenye yalo kuze abantu bashintsha ukunwetshwa enyakeni engu-1954 njengokunwetshwa kwamanje.

Kwamanje iViyena ichazwa idolobha nezinga lempilo eligcono kunawo wonke amadolobha kuwo emhlabeni wonke ngokuvamile.

## Izakhamuzi nomphakhathi
Enyakeni wangu-1870 iViyena yayidolobha lesine ngobukhulu ngenani labantu emhlabeni wethu wonke – emva kwamadolobha iLondon, iParisi kanti iNew York. Enyakeni wangu-1910 iViyena yanazo ngaphezulu izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezimbili ngisho, kodwa yazilahleka izakhamuzi eziningi ngoba izimpi zomhlaba ezimbili. Kusukela ngoSepthemba wenyaka engu-2023 kukhona ngaphezulu izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezimbili eViyena futhi.

Kusukela iViyena ikhona abantu abahlukahlukene bathuthela enkabeni leyo elibalulekile. Imiphakhathi emikhulu kunayo yonke imiphakhathi eminye bangabantu baseSerbiya, baseTheki kanti baseJalimane.

Kukhona abantu banezinkholo ezihlukahlukene eViyena, amalungu bangaphezulu bangamaKristu kodwa kukhona amaSulumane amaningi ngokunjalo. EViyena kwakhona umphakhathi omkhulu wamaJuda. Kuphela amaJuda amayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa bahlala eViyena kwamanje, esifundeni sesibili (iLeopoldstadt) kakhulukazi, ngoba impi yomhlaba yesibili.

## Indlela yokuphatha
Iqembu lezepolitiki lentando yeningi lenhlalo (SPÖ) liyanqoba zonke izinkhetho kusukela ngo-1919 edolobheni leli.

IViyena inezokuthutha zomphakathi ezihle kakhulu namabhasi kanti nezitimela eziningi.

Umkhakha wezomnotho obalulekile kungezokuvakasha ngabantu abavela amazwe amahlukahlukene ngoba ukubaluleka kwomlando kwedolobha leli futhi ukubaluleka kwesiko kwedolobha leli.

### Izinto ezikhangayo
Enkabeni yasedolobha kukhona indlu ye-opera yezwe, ihholo elikhulu ledolobha, isakhiwo sephalamende, indlu yethiyeta yezwe, isakhiwo seyunivesi ekhulu, inqaba yombusi wangaphambili, izigcinamagugu ezihlukahlukene futhi izakhiwo zeSonto ezihlukahlukene njengeSonto likaSaint Stephan.

Ezindaweni ezizungeze inkaba yedolobha kukhona iNqaba yeSchönbrunn, iNqaba yeBelvedere, iSondo elikhulu laseViyena, uMbhoshongo weDanubu eTransdanubien, indlu kaHundertwasser, inqaba ebizwa iHermesvilla eLainzer Tiergarten futhi indawo yokubuka iViyena ngaphezulu intaba iKahlenberg.

Izakhiwo ezihle zeSonto ezinye ziyiKarlskirche, iVotivkirche, iPeterskirche, iSonto eSteinhof, iSonto likaSaint Francis waseAssisi futhi iSonto likaKarl Borromäus emangcwabeni amakhulu eningizimu yaseViyena.

## Isiko ledolobha
AmaViyena bathanda ukuphuza ikhofi ezindleni ezithile ukuphuza ikhofi kuzo. Ukudla okudume kwaseViyena kuyiSchnitzel futhi iKaiserschmarren.

Kwakukhona abantu abaningi abalulekile ngomlando wesintu somhlaba bangaphambili baseViyena. Bangabaqambi, bangabaculi, bangabadwebi futhi bangososayensi ngesibonelo.

Njalo ngo-Juni kwenzeka umcimbi omkhulu womculo eceleni kwomfula uDanubu obizwa iDonauinselfest.

## Imithombo