Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo

Ubuchwepheshe obugqokile, ogqokayo, ubuchwepheshe bemfashini, ubuciko bezinto zobuchwepheshe, noma imishini yama-elekthronikhi ngamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi smart (idivaysi ye-elekthronikhi ene-micro-controlers) egqoke eduze noma / noma ebusweni besikhumba, lapho bethola khona, bahlaziye, futhi bedlulise imininingwane mayelana isib amasignali womzimba anjengezimpawu ezibalulekile, kanye / noma idatha esetshenziswayo futhi evumela kwezinye izimo ngokushesha i-biofeedback kulowo ogqokile

Amadivayisi agqokiwe njengama-trackers womsebenzi ayisibonelo se-Intanethi Yezinto, ngoba "izinto" ezifana ne-elekthronikhi, isoftware, izinzwa, nokuxhumeka ziyizisebenzi ezinika amandla izinto ukushintshanisa idatha (kufaka phakathi ikhwalithi yedatha ) nge-inthanethi nge-inthanethi umenzi, opharetha, kanye / noma amanye amadivayisi axhunyiwe, ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela komuntu.

Ubuchwepheshe obugqokiwe bunezicelo ezahlukahlukene ezikhula njengoba insimu ngokwayo inwebeka. Kubonakala ngokugqamile kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi ngokuthandwa kwe-smartwatch kanye ne-tracker yomsebenzi. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, ubuchwepheshe obugqokile bufakwa ezinhlelweni zokuhamba, izindwangu ezisezingeni eliphakeme nokunakekelwa kwempilo.

## Umlando
Umlando wangaphambi kobuchwepheshe obambekayo uqala ngewashi, ebeligqokwa ngabantu ukutshela isikhathi. Ngo-1500 umsunguli waseJalimane uPeter Henlein wenza amawashi amancane ayegqokwa njengemigexo. Ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka, amadoda aqala ukuphatha amawashi awo emaphaketheni awo njengoba okhalweni kwaba yinto yemfashini, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwamawashi ephakeji. Ama-wristwatches nawo akhiwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1600 kepha ayegqokwa kakhulu abesifazane njengamasongo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iwashi liba lincane futhi liqonde ngokwengeziwe. Ngo-1904, umshayeli wezindiza u-Alberto Santos-Dumont waphayona wasebenzisa iwashiwatch ngoba lalimvumela ukuba izandla zakhe zingaphazamiseki lapho eshayela. Lokhu kufakazele ukuthi isihlakala siyindawo ekahle yokugqoka iwashi okuholele ekutheni abantu baqale ukusebenzisa amawashi. Abantu baqala ukwenza izinto zokugqoka ezizosetshenziswa kuzo zonke izikhathi, kusuka kumathuluzi abasiza ukunqoba emidlalweni yokugembula, izindandatho ezisetshenziswa njengesixhobo se-computational ngabathengisi, kuya kumakhanda asekhompyutheni asetshenziswa njengendawo yokugqoka kumidlalo yaseshashalazini, nekhamera egqokekayo eboshwe inyoni iye thatha izithombe zasemoyeni, phakathi kwabanye.

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje obugqokiwe buhlobene nokukhompiyutha okubili nomlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha angakwazi ukuwabamba. Izindwangu zenza ubuchwepheshe buthande ukubufaka empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngomlando nokuthuthuka kwamakhompiyutha angagqokeki, amaphayona azamile ukuthuthukisa noma ukunweba ukusebenza kwezingubo, noma ukudala izinto ezigqokwa njengezesekeli ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngobuhlakani - ukuqoshwa komsebenzi ngokujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncane obuthathekayo noma obuphathekayo. Ukulandelela imininingwane efana nokunyakaza, izinyathelo, kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo kuyingxenye yokunyakaza kokuzenzela.

Umsuka wobuchwepheshe besimanje obugqokile buthonywa yizo zombili izimpendulo kumbono we-compi ubiquitous.  Olunye ucezu lwangaphambi kobuchwepheshe olwemukelwa ngaphambi kwesimanje kwaba iwashi lokubala, elethulwa ngawo-1980s. Ubuchwepheshe obabugqokwa ngisho nangaphambilini babusizo lokuzwa.

Ngo-2004, i-design design yefashini i-CuteCircuit yaveza umqondo ngo-elekhthronikhi oxhumeke kwi-Bluetooth obizwa nge-HugShirt ku-CyberArt festival eBilbao, Spain, lapho wawina khona Umklomelo Omkhulu emkhosini.  I-HugShirt, eyenzelwe ukudlulisa ucingo ngokudlula kude ngebanga, ihlukile kuzibonelo zobuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo (isib. Amawashi noma ukwakheka kwezigqoko zezigqoko zekhompiyutha egqokekayo ngo-1990s) ngoba umkhiqizo ungubuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo obathatha isimo sendwangu yokugqoka .  Njengoba kunje, iyingxenye yokuqala yezambatho ezixhunyiwe kwi-Bluetooth nezixhunywe kwi-inthanethi. Lo mkhiqizo ufakiwe kumagazini okhethekile we- "Best Inuction of the Year" wephephabhuku. 

Ngo-2008, u-Ilya Fridman wafaka imakrofoni efihliwe ye-Bluetooth endlebeni yamacici.  Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela iSpy Tie, "intambo emfushane yentambo enekhamera yombala efihliwe". 

IMcLear neFitbit yizinkampani zokuqala ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinto zokugqoka zesimanje zokusetshenziswa kwabathengi abaningi, hhayi ngemikhiqizo yokuqagela ye-future future. IMcLear, namuhla isengomunye wabaholi esikhaleni sokufaka amandla ekhompiyutha, yaqala ucwaningo nentuthuko kuma-smartwatches yasungula indandatho ehlakaniphile ngo-2010, futhi yasungulwa ngabasunguli be-elekthronikhi abasebenza ngogesi uJoe Prencipe noJohn McLear. 

UFitbit ukhiphe i-counter step yakhe yokuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010; Imikhiqizo ye-Fitbit igxile ikakhulu ekulandeleleni umsebenzi.  UFitbit manje ungumnikazi wama-Alfabhethi futhi akasaseyona inkampani ezimele yokugqoka enobuchwepheshe.

Eminyakeni elandelayo, ama-smartwatches aqala ukukhishwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ze-elekthronikhi nangokuqala okusha. Omunye weminikelo yokuqala kwakuyi-Samsung Galaxy Gear ngoSepthemba 2013. I-Apple ilandele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nge-Apple Watch ngo-Ephreli 2015.  NgoJanuwari 2018, ibhizinisi elincane, i-Empatica, lithole imvume yokuqala ye-FDA ye-smartwatch yabo kwi-Neurology, i-Embrace, eqapha futhi isexwayisa ngokuxhuga okuyisimanga, ngenkathi futhi ibona nezinyathelo nokulala. 

Ngo-2012, u-Oculus wethula umkhankaso we-Kickstarter ukuqala ukuthengisa i-headset engokoqobo yabathengi bangempela.  Ngo-2016, inkampani, i-HTC yakhipha isizukulwane esisha samahedisethi we-VR evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo.

## Prototypes
Kusuka ngo-1995-1997, uJennifer Healey noRosalind Picard eMIT Media Lab baklama, bakha futhi bakhombisa ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane nokwenza izinqumo kusuka kokugqoka okuqaphele idatha eqhubekayo yomzimba kusuka kogqokile. Lezi zicucu, ubucwebe nezesekeli zokugqoka ziqoqe imininingwane ehlobene nesimo sokuxhumana namakhamera alawulwayo namanye amadivaysi. 

Ngo-2009, abakwaSony Ericsson bahlangana neLondon College of Fashion kumncintiswano wokwakha izembatho zedijithali. Owinile bekungubo yokudla e-cocktail enobuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth okwenza kube lula lapho kukholwa ucingo. 

UZach "Hoeken" Smith wodumo lweMotBot wenza ibhulukwe lekhibhodi ngesikhathi semhlangano "Yokuqothula Imfashini" enhlanganweni yokuqamba eNew York City.

I-Tyndall National Institute  e-Ireland yathuthukisa ipulatifomu "yokuqapha yeziguli engabonakali ukuthi isetshenziswe kanjani" eyayisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yedatha ekhiqizwe izinzwa zeziguli nokuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bangavuma kanjani ubuchwepheshe. 

Muva nje, inkampani yezemfashini eseLondon i-CuteCircuit idale izingubo zomculi uKaty Perry obenezibane ze-LED ukuze izingubo zishintshe umbala zombili ngesikhathi sesiteji nokubonakala kukhaphethi obomvu. Ngo-2012, i-CuteCircuit yakha ingubo yokuqala emhlabeni ukufaka ama-Tweets, njengoba egqokwa ngumculi uNicole Scherzinger. 

Ngo-2014, abafundi abaphothule eTisch School of Arts eNew York baklama i-hoodie eyayithumela imiyalezo yangaphambi kohlelo ebangelwa ukunyakaza komzimba. 

Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwaqala ukuvela ama-prototypes ezinwele ezidijithali ezinamakhanda phezulu (HUD). 

Amasosha ase-US asebenzisa i-headgear enezibonisi zamasosha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obizwa nge-holographic Optics.

Ngo-2010, i-Google yaqala ukukhulisa ama-prototypes esibonisi sayo esibekwe phezulu se-Google Glass, esangena kwi-beta yekhasimende ngoMashi 2013.

## Ukusetshenziswa
Endaweni yabathengi, ukuthengiswa kwama-smart wristbands (ama-aka task trackers afana neJawbone UP neFitbit Flex) kuqale ukushesha ngo-2013. Umuntu oyedwa kwabayisihlanu baseMelika unedivayisi egqokekayo, ngokusho kombiko we-2014 PriceWaterhouseCoopers Wearable future Report.  Kusukela ngonyaka we-2009, ukwehla kwezindleko zamandla wokusebenza nezinye izinto bekuhlinzeka ukwamukelwa nokwanda kokutholakala.

Kwezemidlalo ezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obugqokekayo bunezicelo zokuqapha kanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela sabadlali.  Izibonelo zobuchwepheshe obudlekayo kwezemidlalo zifaka ama-accelerometer, ama-pedometer nama-GPS angasetshenziswa ukukala izindleko zembaleki namandla iphethini yokunyakaza. 

## Izinkomba