Amanzi

**Amanzi** awumxube ongaphili onesicabayo H2O. Ayisiqa esiluntwentwe, esinganambitheki, esinganuki, nesicishe sangaba nambala. Ayisakhi esiyinhloko samanzimbulunga emhlabeni futhi ayimitshoko sazo zonke iziphili ezaziwayo (okuyilapho asebenza khona njengesincibikilisi). Abalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zempilo, nakuba engazihlinzeki ngeisidlakalasi sokudla, noma ngezincincimsoco ezingokwemvelo. Ukubumbeka kwawo ngokwevanga, H20, kukhomba ukuthi umzwayi wawo ngamunye uqukethe isOhwe elilodwa namaHwanzi amabili angamaChwe, axhunyaniswe umnqalanzuba. AmaChwe eHwanzi anamathelene neChwe lesOhwe engonini engama-104.45°. "Amanzi" igama lesimo esiluketshezi se-H2O ezingeni lokushisa nokucindezeleka okuvamile.

Emhlabeni amanzi atholakala ngezimo ezintathu, isimo esinqumile, isimo esiluketshezi nesimo esiluhowo. Ayakwazi ukwakha ukuna ngesimo semvula nokwakha uhowovange ngesimo senkungu. Amafu aqukethe amathonsi wamanzi neqhwa, okuyisimo sawo esinqumile. Lapho lihlakazwa, iqhwa eliwumncwebe likhithika ngesimo seqhwa. Isimo esiluhowo samanzi siwumusi noma umhwamuko wamanzi.

Amanzi asibekela ubuso bomhlaba obungaba ama-71 ekhulwini, izilwandle nezidwadwa kuyizo ezakha amanzi amaningi ngomthamo (angaba ngama- 96.5%). Izingxenye ezincane zamanzi zitholakala njengamanzi aphansi (1.7%), amanzi asemaqeqebeni nasemchpheni weqhwa e-Antarctica nase-Greenland (1.7%), kanye nasemoyeni njengomhamuko, amafu (aqukethe amaqhwa namanzi awuketshezi alenga emoyeni), nokukhumanqa (0.001%). Amanzi ahamba ngokuqhubekayo ngomjikelezo wamanzi wokuhwamuka, ukujiyeka, ukuna nokugobhoza, aze aphelele olwandle.

Amanzi aneqhaza elibalulekile emnothweni womhlaba. Cishe angamaphesenti angama-70 amanzi acwebile asetshenziswa abantu kwezolumo. Ukudoba emanzini aphuzekayo nagcwele itshiwo kuyaqhubeka nokuba umthombo wokudla ezingxenyeno eziningi zomhlaba. Inqwaba yezithengiswa (ezifana namafutha, uhowo lwemvelo, nemikhiqizo) okuhwebelwana ngazo ezithinta amabanga amade zithuthwa ngezilulu ezintweza izilwandle, imifula, amachibo nemigudu. Inqwaba yamanzi, iqhwa, nomusi iyasetshenziswa ekupholiseni nasekuchadamezeni izimboni namakhaya. Amanzi ayisincibililisi esiqabavulayo seziqa ezihlukahlukene, okuwenza asetshenziswe kakhulu emidludlungweni yezezimboni ekuphekeni nasekuhlanzeni. Amanzi, iqhwa, nomkhithiko amqoka nakwezemidlalo nakwezokuzilibazisa ezifana nokubhukuda, umjaho wezilulu, ukudoba, ukutshuza neminye. 

## uMsukagama
Igama lesiZulu elithi amanzi, livela olimini olwandulela isintu, kwelithi **màjijì*, nokuyilapho ezinye izilimi nazo ezithola igama lalesi siqa khona, ngokwesibonelo, isiSwati *emanti*, isiLuganda *amazzi*, isiKara saseTanzaniya *amanji*, isiNyasa *madzi*, nezinye njll. Leli bizo lisho isiqa esigobhozayo nokulula ukusebenzisa ngezindlela eziningana.

Ngolimi lesiZulu amanzi anamagama amaningana wokuhlonipha, kuthiwa 'amashimbakuse', 'amatabusi', 'amateku', 'amatshwede', 'amavoti', 'amayila', 'amayiwa', 'amada', 'amajilimba', 'amakhubane', 'amakhwetha', 'amakwete', 'amandambi', 'amankwenta', 'amacubane'.

## Izigubo zawo

Amanzi (H20) awumXube onamachopho. Ezingeni lokushisa kwegumbi, aluketshezi olunganambitheki, olusweliphunga, noluluntwentwe kodwa olunombala olundwa okwesibhakabhaka. Amanzi aziwa ngokuthi awumXube wevanga ocwaningwa kakhulu futhi kubhekiselwa kuwo ngokuthi "ayisincibilikisi jikelele" ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuncibilikisa iziqa eziningi, nakuba ahluleka ukuncibilikisa iziqa ezinganamachopho. Leliqiniso liwavumela ukuba abe "yisincibilikisi sempilo": yebo, amanzi atholakala emvelweni hleze aqukethe iziqa eziningana ezincibilikile, futhi kunezinyathelo ezikhethekile eziyimfuneko zokuwenza amanzi acwebileyo. Amanzi awukuphela kwesiqa esivamile esitholakala njengomkhumanqa, uketshezi kanye nohowo.

### izimo zawo

Ibizo elithi Amanzi liyibizo elisemthethweni lomXube wevanga H20; futhi ayisimo esiluketshezi se-H20. Ezinye izimo zoTho ezimbili zamanzi yisimo esinqumile, somkhence, nesimo esiluhowo, somhwamuko wamanzi noma umusi.

### Isikhuhle
Amanzi ayingxenye yeziqa zemvelo ezimbalwa,  ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa athile, eziba nesikhuhle esiphansi lapho ziphola; ayisiqa semvelo esaziwayo esenza lokho esiluketshezi. Ngokwengeziwe, avele awake nakakhulu njengoba ABA nesikhuhle esiphansi nakakhulu lapho ekhaziseka, nakuba zikhona nezinye ezikwenzayo lokho.

### Ukunambitheka nephunga
Amanzi acwebileyo achaziswa ngokuthi awanambityeli futhi awanaphunga, nakuba abantu banezihlonga ezikwazi ukuzwa ubukhona bamanzi emilonyeni yabo, futhi amaselesele aziwa ngekhono lokuwanuka.   Kodwa, amanzi avela emthombeni ovamile, (kuhlanganisa amanzi anezimbiwa) avame ukuba neziqa eziningi ezincibilikile ezingawenza abe nesinambitho thizeni nephunga.  Abantu nezinye izilwane zinezinzwa ezibenza bacubungule ukuphuzeka kwamanzi ukuze bagweme lawo amunyu kakhulu noma agulisayo.

## EMhlabeni
Umchazamayila *(hydrology)* isifundo sokudikiza, ukusabalala, nezingabunjalo lamanzi eMhlabeni wonke. Isifundo sokusabalala kwamanzi sibizwa umchazamavoti *(hydrography)*. Isifundo sokusabalala kwamanzi ezilwandle sibizwa umchazalwandle *(oceanography)*.

Umqumbu wamanzi ongaphansi komzulane, phezu kwawo nasebusweni bawo ubizwa ngokuthi amanzimbulunga.
Amanzi aluketshezi atholakala kumadwadwa amanzi afana nezilwandlekazi, izilwandle, amachibi, imilambo, imifula, imisele. Iningi lamanzi aseMhlabeni angamanzi wolwandle. Amanzi aphinde atholakala nakumoyambulunga asezimeni ezinqumile, esiluketshezi, nesiluhowo. Aphinde atholakala nangaphansi komhlaba njengotwa.   

Amanzi abaluleke kakhulu emidludlungweni wamadwala. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba atholakala ngobuningi emadwaleni, futhi umfutho wawo ukhinyabeza ukungqubuzana kwawo. Amanzi aphakathi kwejulambo yiwona abangela ukunciilika okukhiqiza izintshabamlilo. Ebusweni boMhlaba, amanzi abalulekile kokubili ngokwevange nezokuzulenza koqobo. Amanzi, kanye neqhwa, yizona ezenza inzika eningi ukuba iguguleke ebusweni omhlaba.

### Umjikelezo wamanzi

Umjikelezo wamanzi ungukwenanana okuqhubekayo kwamanzi okwenzeka kumanzimbuluga, ephakathi komoyambulunga womHlaba, amanzi asenhlabathini, amanzi asebusweni bomhlaba, namanzi angaphansi komhlaa nezitshalo.
Amanzi anyakaza ngokungapheliyo kulezi zingxenye 'zomjikelezo wamanzi' ezakhiwa imidludlungu elandelayo:
* Ukuhwamuka kwezilwandlekazi nolunye udwadwa lwamanzi kuye emoyeni nangokujuluka kwezilwane nezitshalo okuphelela emoyeni.
* Ukuna, komhwamuko wamanzi ojiyeke kusuka emoyeni ukhithikele emhlabeni nasolwandle.
* ukugeleza kwamanzi ezweni lapho eya ezilwandle.
Imihwamuko yamanzi eminingi etholakala ezilwandle ibuyela kuzo futhi, kodwa isivungu sithwala umhwamuko wamanzi siwuyise ezweni ngezinga elifanayo ukugeleza kwamanzi aye olwandle okwenzeka ngalo. Ukuna kwenzeka ngezindlela ezinhlukene ezihlanganisa : imvula, umkhithiko weqhwa, isichotho, namaninzana wenkungu namazolo. Amazolo angamaconsi amancane ajiyile avela lapho umhwamuko wamanzi uhlangana nobuso bento obupholile. Amazolo avame ukwakheka ensasa lapho amazinga okushisa aphansi khona, ngaphambi kokuvela kwelanga nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa ebusweni bomhlaba. Amanzi ajiyileyo asemoyeni abuye agwincize ukukhanya kwelanga bese kuba nothingo lwenkosazana.

Amanzi agelezelayo aqoqelana kulugawu ezigobhozela emifuleni. Lokhu kugeleza lapho kugugula inhlabathi, kuguqula isimo sendawo kudaleke izigodi nemahlukanomfula ezenza inhlabathi inone futhi iphansi lehlelembeke. Isikhukhula senzeka lapho indawo yezwe, esenzansi, imbozwa ngamanzi lapho umfula udla izindwani noma lapho kunesiphihli. Kolunye uhlangothi, isomiso siyinkathi ende engaba izinynga noma iminyaka yokusilela kwamanzi.

## Amaphatho