Umthetho Wezemfundo WaseBantu, 1953

I**-Bantu (Abansundu) Education Act 1953** (I-Act No. 47 of 1953; kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Black Education Act, 1953) kwakuwumthetho wokuhlukaniswa kwezwe waseNingizimu Afrika owafaka umthetho wezici eziningana zohlelo Ubandlululo. Isimiso sayo esikhulu sasiphoqelela izikhungo zemfundo ezihlukaniswe ngokohlanga;  Ngisho namaNyuvesi enziwa "izizwe", futhi zonke ngaphandle kwezintathu zezikole zezithunywa zevangeli zakhetha ukuvala lapho uhulumeni esengasizi ukusekela izikole zazo. Zimbalwa kakhulu iziphathimandla ezaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izimali zazo ukusekela imfundo yabantu bomdabu base-Afrika. Ngo-1959, lolu hlobo lwemfundo lwadluliselwa amanyuvesi namakolishi "angebona abamhlophe" nge-Extension of University Education Act, 1959, futhi i-University College of Fort Hare yathathwa nguhulumeni futhi yehliselwa ekubeni yingxenye yesimiso semfundo yamaBantu. Kuvame ukuphikiswana ngokuthi inqubomgomo yemfundo yamaBantu (ase-Afrika) yayihloselwe ukuqondisa intsha emnyama noma engenabo abamhlophe emakethe yezisebenzi engenalo ikhono yize UHendrik Verwoerd, uNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zomdabu, athi inhloso kwakuwukuxazulula "izinkinga zobuhlanga" zaseNingizimu Afrika ngokwakha amaqembu ezomnotho nezombusazwe ahlukahlukene. Ukwesaba okukhethekile kwe-National Party okungenzeka ukuthi kwaholela ekushayweni kwalo mthetho kwakuyinani elikhulayo lezingane (ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-tsotsis) ezijoyina amaqembu asemadolobheni.

I-National Party ebusayo ibheka imfundo njengesikhundla esibalulekile emgomweni wayo wokuhlukanisa iNingizimu Afrika ngokuphelele nAmaBantustan. UVerwoerd, "uMakhi woBandlululo", wathi:*"Ayikho indawo [yamaBantu] emphakathini waseYurophu engaphezu kwezinga lezinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi.... Kusetshenziswa kanjani ukufundisa izingane zamaBantu izibalo uma kungakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokoqobo?"*Lo Mthetho waholela ekwandeni okuphawulekayo kokuxhaswa kukahulumeni ezikhungweni zokufunda zabantu abansundu base-Afrika, kodwa azizange zihambisane nokwanda kwenani labantu. Umthetho waphoqelela izikhungo ukuba zibe ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqondile kombuso. I-National Party manje yayinamandla okuqasha nokuqeqesha othisha njengoba ibona kufanelekile.

Inkokhelo yothisha abansundu ngo-1953 yayiphansi kakhulu futhi imiphumela yalokho yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuncipheni kothisha abaneziqu. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela, yothisha abansundu abaneziqu

Izikole ezigcinelwe izingane ezimhlophe zezwe zazingaphansi kwezindinganiso zaseNtshonalanga. Lo Mthetho awuzange ubeke amazinga aphansi emfundo yabangebona abamhlophe, kodwa wabeka umthetho wokusungulwa kwebhodi labeluleki futhi wayala ungqongqoshe ukuba enze kanjalo. Ezikoleni zabansundu, amaphesenti angama-30 ayengenawo ugesi, amaphesenti ama-25 ayengenawo amanzi aphuma emapayipini futhi angaphezu kwengxenye yayingenawo amapayipi amanzi. Imfundo yaBansundu, AmaNdiya kanye Nombala yayishibhile kakhulu kodwa ingeyamahhala, futhi amaholo othisha abekwa emazingeni aphansi kakhulu.

Ngo-1970, imali esetshenziswa uhulumeni ngamunye emfundweni yabansundu yayiyingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi yezindleko kubantu abamhlophe.

Ngonyaka wezezimali ka-1975-76, izwe lasebenzisa

* R644 kumfundi omhlophe ngamunye,
* R189 kumfundi ongumNdiya ngamunye,
* R139 kumfundi onguMbala ngamunye, 
* R46 kumfundi onsundu ngamuye.

Ngo-1976, i-Afrikaans Medium Decree ka-1974, eyaphoqelela zonke izikole zabansundu ukuba zisebenzise kokubili Isi-Afrikaans nesiNgisi njengezilimi zokufundisa kusukela onyakeni wokugcina wesikole samabanga aphansi, yaholela ekuvukeleni kwaseSoweto lapho abantu abangaphezu kuka-575 bafa, okungenani abangu-134 babo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala.

Lo Mthetho waqedwa ngo-1979 yi-Education and the Training Act ka-1979, eyaqhubeka nesimiso semfundo ehlukaniswe ngokohlanga kodwa futhi yasusa kokubili ubandlululo ezikhokhweni zokufunda kanye noMnyango Wezemfundo WaseBantu futhi yavumela kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwemfundo yolimi lomdabu kuze kube sebangeni lesine kanye nokungena okulinganiselwe ezikoleni ezizimele.

## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle


* Isihloko esiphathelene nobandlululo nemfundo esikhuluma nge-Bantu Act (ngesiDashi) 
* "Umthetho Wezemfundo WaseBantu, Umthetho No. 47 ka-1953", *Umlando waseNingizimu Afrika Online*.