open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
UMnyango Wezemfundo waseGauteng

**UMnyango Wezemfundo waseGauteng** ungumnyango kahulumeni wesifundazwe ngaphansi kukaHulumeni Wesifundazwe saseGauteng obhekene nokwengamela nokulawula uhlelo lwemfundo eyisisekelo esifundazweni saseGauteng eNingizimu Afrika ngokuhambisana noMthetho Wezikole zaseNingizimu Afrika we-1996 . Lo mnyango wasungulwa ngowe-1994 ukuze uthathe indawo yomnyango wezemfundo wesifundazwe saseTransvaal esahlakazwa.

Lo Mnyango uphethwe yiLungu leSigungu Esiphezulu (soNgqongqoshe) uMatome Chiloane, kanti iNhloko Yomnyango Ebambela njengamanje (uHoD) nguRufus Mmutlana. Ngonyaka wezimali wezi-2023/24, uMnyango Wezemfundo waseGauteng wawuhlelwe ukuthi uthole isabelomali esiyizigidinqindi ezingama-R63.4 ukuqinisa umsebenzi womnyango wokuletha imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu nefinyeleleka kalula esifundazweni.  Isifinyezo sawo esisemthethweni yi **-GDE** .

Muva nje, umnyango uthole ukugxekwa ngokungakwazi ukwamukela inani elikhulayo labafundi esifundazweni.   Uzame ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhalisa ngoxhakaxholo, kodwa, nalokhu kuyagxekwa njengoba abanye abantwana bengabhaliswa ezikoleni eziseduze nabo. 

Ngonyaka wezimali wezi-2018/2019, watholwa ukuthi usaphaze imali engaphezu kwesigidinqindi -R1,2.  Ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngokusaphaza konyaka wezimali wezi-2019/2020 kuphinde kwadlula isigidinqindi -R1 , kanti izigidi ezingama-R431 zasetshenziswa ezinyangeni ezintathu ukuhlanza izikole.  I -Democratic Alliance ikhulume ngalezi zindleko njengobufakazi bokuthi umnyango awukwazi ukuphatha izimali zawo.

## Amaphethelelo
Inhluzeko

**Inhluzeko** yimfanelo yokuholwa yisizathu noma yokusekelwa ukucabanga okunengqondo. Ngale ndlela, umuntu kuthiwa wenza ngokuhluzekile uma enesizathu esiqinile salokho akwenzayo, kanti inkolelo ibhekwa njengehluzekile kuphela uma isekelwe ubufakazi obuqinile. 

Le mfanelo ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ingakhulunywa ngekhono, njengokuthi umuntu uyisilwane esinengqondo; ingasetshenziswa enqubweni yengqondo njengokucabanga nokuhlaziya; ingase ibhekiswe ezimweni zengqondo ezifana nezinkolelo nezinhloso; noma isetshenziswe kumuntu onamandla okucabanga nokwenza izinqumo ngokuhluzeka.

Into engenayo inhluzeko ibizwa ngokuthi ayihluzekile uma ingaphandle kwesizinda lapho kuhlolwa khona izinto ngengqondo. Kodwa ibizwa ngokuthi engenangqondo uma ingaphakathi kwaleso sizinda sokuhlolwa kodwa ingahlangabezani nezindinganiso zaso.
Insitholanga zili-17 kuFebruary, 2026

**[[Insitholanga|INsitholanga]]** eyindilinga izokwenzeka eqhuzwini lokukhuphuka kozungezo lweNyanga ngoLwesibili, zili-17 kuFebruwari, 2026, ngenkazimulo eyinani -0.963. INsitholanga yenzeka lapho iNyanga idlula phakathi koMhlaba neLanga, ngaleyo ndlela kusithakale iLanga ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye kumuntu obukele eseMhlabeni.Insitholanga eyindilinga yenzeka lapho ubukhulu obubonakalayo beNyanga bubuncane kuneLanga, kuvimbela ukukhanya okuningi kweLanga futhi kubangele ukuthi ilanga libukeke njengendilinga yendandatho. Insitholanga eyindilinga izobonakala njengensitholanga eyingxenye endaweni yomhlaba engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ububanzi. Ubukhulu obubonakalayo beNyanga buzoba seduze nobubanzi obuvamile ngoba buzokwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-6.8 ngemuva kwe-apogee (ngoFebhuwari 10, 2026, ngo-16:50 UTC) nezinsuku ezingu-7.5 ngaphambi kwe-i-perigee (ngoFebruary 24, 2026, ngo-23:15 UTC).

Ubundilinga buzobonakala e-Antarctica kuphela. Kodwa-ke, insitholanga eyingxenye izobonakala emaphethelweni aseningizimu kakhulu ase-Argentina eChile, kanye naseAfrika eseNingizimu (kuhlanganise INingizimu Afrika, IMozambique, neMadagascar).

## Imifanekiso
Animated path

## Isikhathi sensitholanga
### Izindawo ezizoba nensitholanga eyindilinga

### Izindawo ezizoba nensitholanga eyingxenye

### Izinsitholanga zowezi-2026
* Insitholanga zili-17 kuFebruari 2026
* UNyezibomvu zi-3 kuMarch 2026.
* Insitholanga zili-12 kuAugust, 2026.
* UNyezibomvu oluyingxenye zingama-28 kuAugust 2026
Ezokucondoza

**Ezokucondoza** ziyisifundo senjulalwazi esihlola izindaba zokuhle nokubi ekuziphatheni kwabantu. Leli gama lisuselwa esenzweni esithi ukucóndoza, okusho ukuhamba ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukuwela engozini. Ngokomfanekiso, ezokucondoza zisho ukuhola impilo ngokucophelela nangokuqondiswa yizimiso ukuze kugwenywe ukwenza okungalungile.

Ezokucondoza ziphenya imibuzo enjengokuthi: abantu kufanele benzeni? Yikuphi ukuziphatha okufanele kubhekwe njengokulungile noma okungalungile? Futhi izinqumo zomuntu kufanele zisekelwe kuphi — emiphumeleni, emthethweni, noma esimilweni sakhe?

Njengesigaba senjulalwazi, ezokucondoza zibizwa nangokuthi injulalwazi yokuziphatha noma injulalwazi yesimilo.
AUD/NZD

Izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-AUD/NZD okwamanje lihweba cishe ku-1.1725 kusukela ngomhlaka-16 kuNhlolanja 2026. Ngonyaka odlule, laba bobabili bakhuphuke cishe ngo-5.3% kuya ku-5.7%, kulandela ukusimama okukhulu kweDola lase-Australia ngo-2025.

Izinga lokushintshanisa le-AUD/NZD njengamanje likhula cishe ku-1.1821 njengoba ku-19 kuFebhuwari 2026. Ngonyaka odlule, lezi zimbili zibe nesimo esibalulekile sokukhuphuka, zanda ngaphezu kuka-5.7% kusukela ezingeni layo eliphansi le-52-weeks. Le mandla yakamuva ikakhulukazi iholwa ukushintsha kokulindelwe kwabatyali bezimali mayelana nokuncishiswa kwezinga lenzalo, ngenkathi idatha yokukhuphuka kwentengo e-Australia idlula imigomo ngenkathi iBhange leMali leMphakathi....
Inhlangano YaseMelika Ephakathi

I-Confederate States of America kwakuyinhlangano emfushane, engamukelwanga yamazwe ase-Confederate eyayikhona kusukela ngo-1842 kuya ku-1845. Kwakuwumzamo omfushane nowungaphumelelanga wokubuyisela ubuHlanga beRiphabhulikhi yaseMelika Ephakathi ngemuva kokudilika kwayo ngo-1841.

Yasungulwa nguFrancisco Morazan Quesada, owabulawa ngonyaka ofanayo, okwehlisa kakhulu lo mkhankaso. Umholi omemezeliwe kwakunguAntonio José Cañas, oqokwe ngabamele.

Ekuqaleni iConfederation yayihlela ukufaka i-El Salvador, iGuatemala, iHonduras, neNicaragua.
Ukufelebisa

**Ukufelebisa** noma **ukubhala ngosonhlamvukazi** kuwumkhuba wokubhala igama elinonobumba wokuqala ongufeleba (uhlamvu olukhulu) kanye nezinhlamvu ezisele ezinhlamvini ezincane, ezinhlelweni zokubhala ezinezinhlamvu ezihlukanisiwe . Leli gama lingabhekisela nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu ngokujwayelekile, noma ukukhetha phakathi konobumba abakhulu nabancane.

Imithetho yokufelebisa iyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlelo zobhalomagama ezamukelwe. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwamagama afelebisiwe kanye namagama angabhalwanga ngosonhlamvukazi embhalweni osebenzayo kubizwa ngokuthi *ukuxuba onobumba*. Kunamagama ahlukahlukene emithetho ehlukene yokwenza yokufelebisa, kufaka phakathi ukufelebisa emushweni kanye nokufelebisa iziqu .

## Incasiselo
Ukufeleisa kuwumkhuba wokubhala igama elinonobumba wokuqala ongufeleba (uhlamvu olukhulu) kanye nezinhlamvu ezisele ngosonhlamvukazi abancane, ezinhlelweni zokubhala ezinezihlukaniso zonobumba . Leli gama lingabhekisela nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu ngokujwayelekile, noma ukukhetha phakathi kosonhlamvukazi abakhulu nabancane .

Ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwamagama abhalwe ngofeleba kanye namagama angabhalwanga ngofeleba embhalweni osebenzayo kubizwa ngokuthi *izinhlamvu ezixubile* .

## Umlando
Imithetho yokufelebisa iyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlelo zobhalomagama ezivamile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, imithetho ephelele yokufelebisa ngesiZulu iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubhalomagama nezindlela zokufelebisa zabukezwa ngoyaka we-1957, ngowe-1962. Isibukezo sonyaka we-1972 sasihlangnisa ukufelebiswa kwezichasiso zamabizo, amabizo ezinyanga zonyaka, amagama ezincwadi zeBhayibheli, izihlonipho nezikhundla zabantu, namagama ezikole namaposi. Kwaba nesinye isibuyekezo sonyaka we-1993 safaka umthetho othi ‘uhlamvu lokuqala emuva kukankamisa wokuqala’ kuyofelebiswa amagama ezinhlangano, ezigameko zomlando. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa ukufelebisa embhalweni yakudala azisafani nesiZulu sanamuhla.
UMdlavuza

**Umdlavuza** iqembu lezifo ezenzeka apho amangqamuzana omzimba eqala ukukhula ngokweqile futhi engalawuleki. La mangqamuzana angakhula enze isigaxa (tumour) noma asabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingaphezu kwekhulu, izibonelo zomdlavuza zihlanganisa Umdlavuza wamabele, Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ,Umdlavuza wesibeletho,Umdlavuza wesinye njll. 

Kukhona nezimpawu lapho ungazibona khona ukuthi unaso isifo somdlavuza isigaxa emzimbeni, ukopha okungajwayelekile,Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ubuhlungu obungapheli, ukukhathala kakhulu.

Umdlavuza ungabangelwa ukubhema, ukudla okungenampilo, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezifana ne-Human papillomavirus (HPV) kanye nomlando womndeni.

Umdlavuza ungagwemeka noma welashwe uma utholakala kusenesikhathi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuya ezivivinyweni zokuhlolwa njalo.
Isifo somdlavusa isifo esiwu mbulali weza eNingizimu Afrika. Umdlavuza yisifo esenzeka lapho ama maseli omzimba eqala ukukhula ngokweqile kunoku jwayelekile futhi engalawuleki. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu besifazane kanye nabesilisa. Lawa ama maseli angakhula enze isigaxa (tumor) noma asebalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

kukhona izibonelo zomdlavusa umdlavusa wamabele, umdlavusa wamaphupha, umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye umdlavuza wesinye. Izimpawu zibonakala ngezigaxa emzimbeni, ukopha okungajwayelekile, ukwehla kwesisindo ngapahandle kwesizathu, ubuhlungu obungapheli, ukukhathala kakhulu.

Izimbangela zingaba ukubhema, ukudla okungenampilo, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezifana ne Human papillomavirus (HPV) kanye nomlando womdeni. Umdlavusa ungagwemeka noma walashwa uma utholakal kusenesikhathi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuya ezivivinyweni zokuhlolwa njalo.

## Umthombo wolwazi


Umthombo wolwazi
INhlangwini

**Umbuso waseNhlangwini** ungomunye wemibuso eyavela ngaphansi kobukhosi bakwaDlamini. Ngokwemibhalo yomlando wesintu, isizwe sakwaDlamini saziwa ngokuthi **abaseMbo** ngenxa yemvelaphi yaso esendaweni ebizwa ngokuthi Mombasa okuthiwa kwakunetshe elaziwa ngokuthi *itshe leMbo* elalisetshenziswa ukwenza imikhonto nezinto zokuhloba.

## Umsuka Wesizwe

Ngokomlando obhalwe nguMbongeni Khuzwayo ephephandabeni *[[Iphephandaba iLanga|Ilanga]]*, isizwe sakwaDlamini sathutha sisuka eMbo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi namadlelo emfuyo, sawela umfula iBhagani, safinyelela endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi Mozambique.

Ngaleso sikhathi babephethwe yiNkosi uLusibakhulu, olandelwa yiNkosi uDlamini wesibili (uDlamini II), ozalwa nguMkhulunkosi kaMswati wokuqala.

UDlamini II wasuka eMozambique, wadlula ezintabeni zoBombo, wakha eduze komfula uPhongolo, wadlula eNcome, wagcina emisa phansi kwentaba uLenge phakathi kwemifula uThukela noMzinyathi.

## Izindlu Zasebukhosini

INkosi uDlamini II yayinoNdlunkulu abane, kwasungulwa izindlu ezine:

* Indlu yaseKunene  
* Indlu yaseMakhuzheni  
* Indlu yaseSiphahleni  
* Indlu yaseNhlangwini  

Ngenxa yobukhulu bomhlaba, lezi zindlu zabelwa ubukhosi, kwavela amakhosi amaningi akwaDlamini.

### Indlu yaseNhlangwini

Indlu yaseNhlangwini yasungulwa ngozalo lukaMakhata, indodana kaDlamini II. UMakhata wazala uTiba noMabandla. Ngemuva kokukhothama kweNkosi uTiba, umfowabo uMabandla wabamba isikhundla ngokwesiko lokungenwa koNdlunkulu bomfowabo.

KwaMaSosibo kwazalwa uMencwa, kwathi kwaMaMkhize kwazalwa uMnwana. Kwavunyelwana ngokuthi ubukhosi bunikezwe uMencwa, kwathi uMabandla wabelwa ingxenye yomhlaba waseNhlangwini, kwavela amakhosi amabili ngaphakathi koMbuso waseNhlangwini.

Uzalo lukaMencwa lwaqhubeka ngoGansa, uNombewu, noFodo. ENdlini kaMabandla kwalandela uMhwebi, uNongcama, uSikwashe, uBaleni, noSidoyi.

## Isikhathi seMfecane

Ngo-1818, ezinye izindlu zakwaDlamini (abaseKunene, abaseMakhuzeni nabaseSiphahleni) zafuduka noNgoza zaya emaMpondweni, kwahlakazeka umbuso wakwaDlamini. UNombewu wasala oThukela, wahlanganisa izizwe eziningi ngaphansi kwakhe.

Ngesikhathi se-Mfecane, lapho uShaka kaSenzangakhona enweba umbuso wakwaZulu, iNkosi uNombewu nayo yanweba umbuso waseNhlangwini, yanqoba izizwe eziningi phakathi kwemifula uMngeni noMzimkhulu.

## Imithombo
-Okusalungiswa 2

Ukubaluleka kwenhlonipho empilweni

Inhlonipho ibalulekile ngoba iyona ekuvulela izinhlanhla empilweni futhi uphinde uthandeke emphakathini. Ukuhlonipha kwenza nawe uhlonipheke njengomuntu futhi uma udinga usizo usizakale empilweni. Ibalulekile imfundo ngoba iyabonisa lapho uphuma khona noma indlela okhuliswe ngayo ekhaya futhi kuphinde kubonise ukuzithanda njengo muntu ophila nabanye abantu. Impilo inzima uma ungakwazi ukumhlonipha omunye umuntu ngakho kubalulekile ukubonisa inhlonipho noma umuntu angagcola kanjani. Mina ngingasho ukuthi inhonipho iyona nto esiyidingayo njengentsha yamanje ukusithole ulwazi ngempilo kanye nezifundo.

Inhloniphao iyadingeka ngoba iningi yentsha isiyaphambuka endleleni yempilo kanti intsha yakudala yayibahlonipha abantu abadala kodwa thina asikuboni lokho .Emphakathini, inhlonipho ibalulekile ekwakhiweni umoya wokubambisana. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni abantu basebenze ndawonye ukuze bafinyelela kwimigomo efanayo futhi kubalulekile ekwakhiweni umphakathi ophumelelayo lapho abantu bathathe isiqumo esisodwa.
Bheki Cele

**Bhekokwakhe "Bheki" Hamilton Cele** wazalwa ngo-22 April 1952  wayengUNgqongqoshe Wamaphoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2018 kuya ku-17 June 2024. WayenguKhomishana Kazwelonke we-(South African Police Service) iminyaka emibili, kwaze kwaba yilapho izinsolo zokuziphatha kabi zaholela ekumisweni kwakhe ngo-Okthoba 2011 nasekususweni kwakhe ngoJuni 2012. Uphinde wasebenza njengePhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo. Izwe (Forests) kanye Nezokudoba, eMkhandlwini Owengamele waKwaZulu-Natal, neSishayamthetho Sesifundazweni saKwaZulu-natal. Uyilunga leKomiti Elibusayo Kazwelonke ye-I-African National Congress, futhi waboshwa eRobben Island ngesikhathi sobandlululo.

## Ukuphila nomsebenzi
UCele wazalwa ngo-22 April 1952 e-mzumbe, eNatal manje eyiKwaZulu-Natal. Unesiqu sobuthisha, futhi ngo-1980 waba yilungu elasungula i-(National Education Union of South Africa) ethuthukayo, engenabo ubuhlanga. Udingisiwe e-Angola phakathi nawo-1980, wajoyina Ummhonto we Sizwe, futhi waboshwa eRobben Island kusukela ngo-1987 kwaze kwaba yilapho ekhululwa, kanye nezinye iziboshwa zombusazwe, ngo-1990.  

### 1994-2009: Uhulumeni waKwaZulu-Natal
Ekhethweni lika-1994, uCele wakhethwa ukuba abe yilunga lesishayamthetho sesifundazwe saKwaZulu-Natal. Ngesikhathi sakhe sesishayamthetho, wasebenza njengoSihlalo weKomiti ye-Portfolio yezokuphepa. Kusukela ngo-2004, wayeyilungu le-Executive Council (MEC) yezokuthutha, ukuphepha komphakathi nokuxhumana eKwaZulu-Natal.

NgoJulayi 2009, wamiswa njengoKhomishana welonke we-(South African Police Service (SAPS). Waxoshwa ngoJuni 2012, kulandela izinsolo zokuthi wayehileke ekwebeni ngempahla okungekho emthethweni. Ngemva kwalokho, waba yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezolimi, Izwe Lezihlahla nezokudoba kusukela ngoMeyi 2014 kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari 2018, lapho uMongameli UCyril Ramaphosa emkhetha njengoNgqongqosha Wamaphoyisa ekuhlalweni kwakhe kokuqala kwikhabinethi. Ukusabela ekuqokweni kukaCele kwakuxubene. Waphinde wamiswa njengongqongqoshe wamaphoyisa ngemuva kokhetho lazwelonke luka-2019. UCele walahlekelwa isihlalo sakhe e-(National Assembly) okhethweni lukazwelonke luka-2024.

UCele usalokhu eyilungu le-I-(African National Congress )(ANC), futhi njengamanje ukhonza ku-(executive organ) yayo, i-(National Executive Committee). Ngesikhathi esithile maphakathi nawo-1990, wayengumkhulumeli wezokuphepha, nokuphepha wegatsha leqembu laKwaZulu-Natal, futhi ngawo-2000 wasebenza njengosihlalo weqembu esifundeni sase eThekwini. Ngawo-2000, uCele wachazwa njengomngani kaJacob Zuma. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nokhetho lobunhloko be-ANC luka-2017, wazihlanganisa noCyril Ramaphosa kanye noNkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.
Umshado Omhlophe

**Umshado omhlophe** uwumshado ongokomthetho noma ongokomthetho ovela eGreat Britain.

Leli gama livela kumbala omhlophe ingubo yomshado, owathandwa abaholi besikhathi seVictoria ngemuva kokuba INdlovukazi uVictoria igqoke ingubo ye-lace emhlophe emshadweni wayo ka-1840 nePrince Albert. Isitayela somshado esimhlophe sanikezwa okunye ukuvuselelwa okuphawulekayo ngo-1981, lapho abantu abayizigidi ezingu-750 bebukela "UDiana Spencer"umshado kaDiana Spencer noCharles, iNkosana yaseWales, lapho abonakala egqoke ingubo ye-ivory taffeta eyinkimbinkimbi nesitimela esingamamitha ayisishiyagalombili.

7Okuhlangenwe nakho okuphelele komshado omhlophe namuhla ngokuvamile kudinga ukuthi umndeni uhlele noma uthenge izimemo zomshado eziphrintwe noma eziqoshiwe, abaculi, imihlobiso efana nezimbali noma amakhandlela, izingubo nezimbali zezincekukazi zomakoti, abakhosikazi, intombazane yezimbali kanye nomphathi wendandatho. Bangase futhi banezele izici zokuzikhethela njengencwadi yezivakashi noma amapheshana omshado okukhumbula. Kuyinto evamile ukuba nomkhosi ngemuva komshado, ngokuvamile okubonisa ikhekhe elikhulu lomshado elinesiqandisi esimhlophe. Leli gama manje lihlanganisa yonke inqubo yomshado yaseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi esikweni lenkolo yobuKristu,ngokuvamile elihlanganisa Inkonzo yesonto lapho kuqala khona umshado, ilandelwe umcimbi.

"I-Color Wheel Pro" ichaza okumhlophe ngokuhlangana nokukhanya, ubuhle, ubumsulwa, ubumsulwe nobumsulwa.Mayelana nezinye izincazelo eziphawulekayo zomhlophe ngosuku lomshado, "colormeaning.com" ithi,"Ngokwengqondo yombala, omhlophe umbala weziqalo ezintsha  ukususa i-slate ehlanzekile.Umbala omhlophe uwudwangu olungenalutho, ulinde nje ukubhala."Umhlophe umbala Isiko LaseNtshonalanga ovame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqala.Imikhuba yenkolo nezingubo ezihlobene nayo bekulokhu kubalulekile, futhi umbala omhlophe uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuveza ukuzibophezela okukhulu okungokwenkolo nokuhlanzeka.

Nakuba UMary, Indlovukazi yaseScotland, egqoke ingubo yomshado emhlophe ngo-1559 lapho eshada nomyeni wakhe wokuqala, UFrancis Dauphin waseFrance, isiko lemvunulo yomshado emnyama livame ukuhlonishwa ngokukhetha kweNdlovukazi uVictoria ukugqoka ingubo yasenkantolo emhlophe emshadweni wakhe nePrince Albert ngo-1840. Sekuyisikhathi eside Abaqalayo bedinga ukugqoka Izingubo zasenkantolo ezimhlophe namagilavu amade amhlophe lapho beboniswa okokuqala enkantolo,"eGumbini Lokudweba" lapho bethula khona indlovukazi okokuqala.
Ibhele

Ibhele isilwane esidla inyama, siqhamuka emdenini weUrsidae. Lezizilwane ziyigxenye ezenzisa okwezinja noma inkentshane. Kunezinhlobo eziwushagalolunye yamabhele, agcwele umhlaba wonke, kwitshonalanga, kanye eningizimu. Kwenye indawo ibhele elitholakala khona iNtshonalanga Melika, INingizimu Melika, kanye IEurasia. Izici ezifanayo kumabhele esimanje imizimba yabo emikhulu nemilenze emncane, amakhala okuhogela amade, amadlebe amacane ayizindilinga, izinwele ezilukhunu, izindlandla ezinizinzipho ezicijile eziluhlane, kanye nemisila emufushane. 

Ibhele elihlala lana khona kuneqhwa kanye namakhaza liyidla inyama, kodwa elikhulu ibhele lidla okusatshani, kukhona amanye amabhele atholakala kuzo zombili izingxenye zezilwane ezidla inyama, kanye notshani. Kukhona amabhele atholakala emini, kube khona atholakala ebusuku, bangocwepheshe ekuhogeleni amaphunga. Ngaphandle kokuthi banemizimba emikhulu, banejubane, bayacaca, futhi bayakwazi nokubhukuda. Amabhele asebenzisa imigede ukukhosela ngezinsuku zabo zokulala izinsuku ezifika ku-100. 

Emandulo, amabhele ayezingelwa ngenxa yobuya, kanye nenyama. Basetshenziswe njengonoxaka wokubamba amanye amabhele akahona, noma njengobumnandi bokujabulisa abantu, njengokuthi bezijuxhuze. Isimo somzimba wabo esinamandla, badlala indima enkulu ngezobuciko, nokunye futhi okwamasiko emphakathini. Esikhathini samanje, amabhele aphansi kwencindezi ngokubulawa ngokungasikhona okusemthethwenini. IUCN ibala iznhlobo eziyisithupha ezisengozini njengebhele elinsundu, lisengozini luphela emehlweni kwamanye amazwe. Ukubulawa kwamabhele kuyicala futhi kwezinye izindawo, kodwa kusaqhubeka kwamanye amazwe.
Izinkinga zamanzi emazweni asathuthuka

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane emazweni asathuthuka abawatholi  amanzi ahlanzekile anele. Izinkinga zihlanganisa ukushoda kwamanzi aphuzwayo, ingqalasizinda embi yokuthola amanzi nokukhucululwa kwendle, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kanye namazinga aphansi wokuphepha kwamanzi. Izithiyo eziyinhloko ekuxazululeni izinkinga zamanzi emazweni asathuthuka zihlanganisa ubumpofu, izindleko zengqalasizinda, kanye nokubusa okubi. Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emjikelezweni wamanzi ingenza lezi zinkinga zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukufinyelela kwamanzi ahlanzekile kusakazeke ngokungalingani emhlabeni wonke, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili bahlala emazweni anokucindezeleka okukhulu kwamanzi. Ngokusho kwe-UN-Water ngo-2025, abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.8 bazohlala ezindaweni emhlabeni wonke ezintula amanzi.
Izichiyosaku

Izichiyosaku, isigaba amalungu aso aziwa ngokuthi **izinhlanzi ezinamafindo** noma **ezomchiyosaku**, uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezinamathambo  ezakha cishe amaphesnti angama-99 wezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwezi-30,000 eziphilayo.  Iningi lezinhlobo zomchiyosaku ezikhona zingama -teleost, futhi ngokwenani lezinhlobo zibusa i- subphylum Vertebrata, equkethe ngaphezu kwamaphesneti angama-50 wazo zonke izilwane eziphilayo ezinethambo lomgogodla.  Ziyizilwane zasemanzini ezitholakala emanzini amaningi futhi zitholakala kuyo yonke indawo emanzini ahlanzekile, angenasawoti kanye nasolwandle kusukela olwandle olujulile kuya emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kuya emifuleni ephakeme kakhulu yezintaba .
Ubuhle be afrika

**I-Afrika**  iyikhaya lezilwane ezinkulu nezimangalisayo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zemvelo.E-Ningizimu yezwekazi,Kgruker National Park iyindawo edume kakhulu ngokuvikela iznhlobo zezilwane ezziwa ngokuthi "Big five" okubalwa kuzo ibhubesi,indlovu,ingwe,ubhejane kanye nenyathi.Le paki itholakala eNingizimu Afrika futhi idlala indima enkulu ekuheheni izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ,ngaleyo indlela isekela umnotho wezwe.Ngspheezu kwalokho eMpumalanga Afrika kunendawo enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi Serengeti National Park,edume ngokufuduka kwezilwane okokhulu minyaka yonke ,ikakhulukazi izinkomo zasendle.

Lezi zindawo zikhombisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza kwemvelo nokubambisana kwamazwe ase Afrika ekuvikeleni izilwane zasendle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi amazwe ase Afruka aqhubeka nokusebenza ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zomhlaba ukugcina nokuvikela imvelo.Inhlangano efana ne United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation(UNESCO)ibeka ezinye zalezi zindawo ohlwini lwezindawo ezingamagugu omhlaba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyagcinwa futhi ziyahlonishwa.

## izinkomba
Ipentshisi

**Ipentshisi** yisithelo esaziwa ngokuthi istone fruit ngenxa yembewu yaso enkulu phakathi. Ngokocwaningo lwezomlando , ipentshisi laqala ukulinywa e-China eminyakeni engaphezulu kuka-4000 eyedlule ngaphambi kokusabalala eYurophu nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. 

## Izinkomba
Onogwaja

**Unogwaja** kuyizilwane eqembhini lomdeni iLeprodiae, linezinhlobo iziyisishagalolunye. Batholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kugwadule noma ehlane, noma ezindweni ezilena etshonalanga. Empumalanga zitholakala eEurope, ezinye izindawo zaseAfrika, kanye nase Indiya, iSumatra,ne Japan.

Ongwaja bancane kunemvundla, bazwala ngaphandle kwesikhumba esinoboya kanye namehlo avalekile, bathanda ukuhlala endaweni eyihlane, okugcwele khona izihlahla ezikhulu kanye nezincane. Amadlebe abo amade ayasiza ukuthi bebone unomazingeli. Bahamba ngendlela ethize, futhi banoboya obushelelayo obunsundu.

Unogwaja wakuleli iEurope uyaziwa kodwa unokuthokala ungekho miningi kuleyondawo. Onogwaja izilwane ezingahlaliseki, ezisebenza unyaka wonke, indlela yabo yokuxhumana ikhala labo lokuhogela.

## Imithombo yolwazi
Uchwepheshe wezinzipho

Uchwepheshe wezinzipho.

**Umuntu** oqeqeshiwe ukukunakekela izinzipho azigcine zihlanzekile futhi zibukeka.

Abacwali bezi nzipho kuvamise ukuthi kube ngabantu besifazane kepha esikhathini samanje sesiyababona nabantu besilisa abacwala izinzipho futhi ave bengompetha. Iningi labo basuke bekhule bekuthanda ukukunakekela okanye ukuhlanza noma ukusebenza ngezinto eziphathelene nobuhle.Abanye babo bayazithandela nje ukusbenza nabantu kulula kubona ukukhuluma nabantu.Abanye kuyenzeka ke ukuthi benza lokhu nje ingoba bazifunela imali akukho okutheni. Lokhu kugcina kubulala umsebenzi omuhle walaba abawenza ngothando nesineke.
## Imithombo yolwazi
Umkhovu

**Umkhovu**

Leli yigama lesizulu elisuke lichaza umuntu osuke esadlula emhlabeni. Ukudlula kwalomntu obizwa ngaloluhlobo lomuntu lusuke luyinto engajwayeleki. Siyaye sizwe noma sibone komabonakude, ukuthi loluhlobo lwabantu luyabulawa ukuze kutholwe ulimi emese kufakwa isipikili esimongweni. Lo muntu ke ube esesetshenziswa ukufeza izinhloso ezingezinhle kahle. Leli gama "umkhovu" liphinde lisetshenziswe kwisisho sesizulu "ilanga lishisa likhipha umkhovu etsheni". 

Umkhovu lo waziwa ngokuthi uhlala khona etsheni awubonakali, iskhathi la owubona khona ila kushisa khona osuke uxoshwa ilanga ufuna ukuphuma ulithamele. Wena owabona izinyoka zithamela ilanga. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kwa Nongoma

https://conifers.org/za/Encephalartos_natalensis.php

## Imithombo yolwazi
Ukungasebenzi kwentsha eNingizimu Afrika

**Ukungasebenzi kwabantu abasha e[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|Ningizimu Afrika]]** kuyinto ebalulekile, njengoba izinga lokungasebenzi lenyuka.Kuningi okungadala ukungasebenzi kwentsha singabala ukuthi abantu bengabinazo iziqu noma ikhono elidingekayo ukuze aqashwe, Ukufunda izifundo ezingenzwo amathuba omsebenzi omuningi, i AI ithatha imisebenzi.

Izinto ezingasiza ukwehlisa izinga lokungasebenzi kwentsha ukuthi kube khona izinhlelo zokuqeqesha amakhono, ukusukela ukuqala ibhizinisi, izinhlelo zokudala imisebenzi, ukulungisa imfundo yakho.

## Izinkomba
Umlando wase Manyiseni

UMLANDO WENDAWO YASE MANYISENI

**IManyiseni** indawo etholakala enyakatho yeKwazulu-Natal ingaphansi kwe Ngwavuma ,iManyiseni iphakathi komngcele weSwaziland neMozambique yingakho abantu baseManyiseni bakhuluma isiSwati . Indawo yaseManyiseni iyikhaya lesizwe sakwaMathenjwa namanje okusayiso esisaphethe iManyiseni nakuba safika nodlame sibangisa noma sisusa isizwe sakwaGina ,lapho kwafika kwaphatha khona lawa Makhosi asekhotheme inkosi uMankenke, uMtshelekwane, uSbhamu,uMbekwane nenkosi  uMbutho. Okwamanje lendawo yaseManyiseni ayinabo ubukhosi obuqondile ngoba abakwaMathenjwa basenombango okhona mayelana nenkosi ekhona.

Lendawo yaseManyiseni indawo esemakhaya kakhulu ngoba intuthuko izakancane nakuba uhulumeni ezama lendawo ineMitholampilo, izikole ,umtapo wolwazi no Mnyango wezoku thuthukisa umphakathi(DSD). Lendawo ayinalo idolobha kanye nomgwaqo basahamba obhuqwini ngalokho izimoto ziyaswelwa kulendawo kuhamba amakhumbi namaveni ekuseni kusukela ngehora lesithupha ekuseni ukuya edolobheni ngale kwehora lesishagalombili azibikhona izithuthi zize zibuye ngehora lesithathu ntambama.UNqonqoshe wezokuthutha uyivakashele lendawo ngonyaka ophelile ukuze lomgwaqo uqhubeke ukuze nalendawo ikwazi ukuthuthuka.

## Imithombo:
Angie Motshekga

**UMatsie Angelina Angie Motshekga** wazalwa ngo-19 June 1955 ungusopolitiki nomfundisi waseNingizimu Afrika njengamanje osebenza njengoNgqongqoshe wezokuvikela nezempi. Kusukela ngo mhlaka 3 ku Ntulikazi  2024. Wakhonza njengomongameli wesikhashana weRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika. Kusukela ngo-17 August 2024, ngenkathi uMongameli UCyril Ramaphosa eya emhlanganweni we-44 wezinhloko zombuso nohulumeni we-Southern African Development Community I-Harare, IZimbabwe. UMotshekga wasebenza futhi njengoNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo Eyisisekelo kusukela KuNhlaba 2009 kuya ku-2024. Ngaphambilini wayeyiLungu le-Executive Council kUhulumeni wesifundazwe saseGauteng. UMotshekga uyilungu le-African National Congress. Wayengumongameli weqembu labesifazane.

UMotshekga wazalwa ngo-19 June 1955 eSoweto, esifundazweni saseTransvaal. Wathola imfundo yakhe yesikole samabanga aphansi ezikoleni ezahlukahlukene eSoweto. Ubhalisile esikoleni sokuhlala I-Matatiele. UMotshekga wafunda e-I-University of the North, lapho athola khona i-Bachelor of Arts degree in Education. EUniversity of the Witwatersrand, uMotshekga wathola iziqu ze-Bachelor of Educational Science kanye ne-master's degree.

Ngo-1981, uMotshekga waqashwa njengothisha e-Orlando High School. Wasebenza esikoleni kwaze kwaba ngo-1983, lapho eshiya ngemuva kokuqokwa kwakhe njengothisha eSoweto College of Education. UMotshekga waba uthisha e-University of the Witwatersrand ngo-1985. Wafundisa eyunivesithi kwaze kwaba ngo-1994.

Phakathi nawo-1980, uMotshekga wayeyilungu leKomiti Yezinhlekelele Zezemfundo yaseSoweto kamuva eyakha ingxenye yeKomiti Yokuxhumanisa Kwezemfundo Kazwelonke. Wayengulungu we-I-United Democratic Front. Wayebuye abe yilungu le-National Education Union yaseNingizimu Afrika. UMotshekga wayekhuthele e-Pimville Civic Association.

*
Ukukhuleka kwentsha

This is my draft space no1

**Ukukhulelwa kwentsha** eNIingizimu Africa kwenza bengabe besakwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme.Intsha isigxile kakhulu ezidakamizweni lokho okugcina sekwenza bangabe besahlonipha

## Izinkombo
Ubudlwembe abukhokheli

Ubudlwembe Abukhokheli.

**Ubudlwembe** igama elibhekisele ekuziphatheni okungamukelekile komuntu njengokungahloniphi, noma ukwenza izinto eziphambene nomthetho kungaba yisemphakathini noma ekhaya. Loyo muntu uvame ukubhekwa njengohlupho emphakathini ngenxa yokungahambiselani nemithetho yasemphakathini. Ukungayilandeli umthetho lokho kungagcina kuba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu .Emphakathini uba wumuntu ongenasithunzi futhi ongahlonishwa ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha ugcine ulahlwa nazihlobo ungabi namuntu oseduze nawe , futhi leyo ndlela igcina ikubulalisa noma ikubophise.
 

Kuhlezi kuba nemiphumela engemihle kahle ngenxa yokuba umdlwembe, ulahlekelwa ukuhlonishwa, umphakathi awusahloniphi umuntu ongaziphethe kahle oziphatha budedengu ,akekho umuntu ongahlonipha isixhwanguxhwangu somuntu. Uphinde ungabi namathuba kuyona yonke indawo phela izimilo ezimbi zingavala ukuthi uthole amathuba okufunda ,amathuba omsebenzi kanye nokuthola usizo emphakathini . Ubudlwembe buphinde budale ubudlelwano obubi ebantwini okungaba yizinxabano kuphinde kuvimbele nobungani obuhle. Abantu bagcina bengakwazi nokuthi uyini  ubhekwa njengomuntu ongathembekile, ongahloniphi,futhi ongafanelwe ukulandelwa ngenxa yokuba kuhlaza kubantu. Uma wenza okuphambene nomthetho njengokweba, ukuphatha izidakamizwa kanye nokubulala, uyaboshwa ! Uma usuyuhlupho kakhulu umphakathi ugcina uzithathela umthetho ngezandla bekushaye ngesihluku noma bekushise ngoba basuke sebekhathele ukuhlala nalolo hlobo lomuntu futhi lokho kugcina kwenza ukuthi bezizwe bengaphephile kanye nezingane zabo emphakathini. Ngakho-ke ubudlwembe abukhokheli kunalokho uphenduka isigcwagcwa ebantwini uphinde ulahlekelwa nayisithunzi

Izinkomba :

* Mbiti J.S(1990).African Religion and Philosophy. Nairobi: Heineman
* Mqhayi, S.E.K(1935). Abantu Besizwe. Lovedale Press.
* Zola.(2000). Umdlwembe.Johannesburg:Ghetto Ruff.
*

## Imithombo yolwazi
Isidwaba

Isidwaba

**Isidwaba** isiketi esenziwe ngesikhumba senkomo noma esengwe.Sigqokwa ikakhulukazi amazulu eNingizimu Afrika okungabantu besifazane.Isintu samaZulu sithi isidwaba sigqokwa abantu besifazane laba asebeshadile.Uma ungakafiki emshwadweni kusho ukuthi akuvumelekile ukuthi usigqoke.Ngokuqhubeka komlando nesintu sakwaZulu sekwaba khona nesidwaba sezintombi okuyilesi esigqokwa abantu besifazane abahlolwayo abahamba umhlanga. Isidwaba asigcini nje kuphela ngokuthi sigqokwe,Luyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamaZulu.Isidwaba sikhombisa nesithunzi kumuntu wesifazane.Uma umuntu wesifazane esigqokile kumele azithobe akhombise ukuthi uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwaso kwi sintu samaZulu.https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Clothing-of-South-African-Zulu-Women-isidwaba_fig4_346308505

## Imithombo yolwazi
Umlando wolimi lwesizulu kanye nokubaluleka kwaso

This is my draft space no.1

Umlando wesizwe nolimi lwesiZulu

**IsiZulu** singolunye ulimi lwezilimi eziyishumi nanye ezisemthethweni e Ningizimu Africa,sikhulunywa kakhulu kwaZulu Natal siphinde sikhulunywe nakwezinye izizwe.Siyingxenye  yezilimi ze Nguni ezihlanganise isiXhosa,Isiswati kanye nesi Ndebele.Umlando wesiZulu uhlobene ngokuqinile nokukhula kwesizwe samaZulu bokuholi inkosi u ShakaZulu ka Senzangakhona ngekhulu le 19 .Ngaleso skhathi umbuso wamaZulu waba namandla amakhulu kwezombusazwe nakwezempi okwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kolimi lwesiZulu esifundeni sase Ningizimu Africa. Isizulu saqala ukubhalwa phansi ngezithunywa zevangeli zase Yurophu ezahumusha izincwadi zenkolo,futhi zasungula izinhlelo zokufunda nokubhala.Ukuhunyushwa kwebhayibheli kanye nokushicilelwa kwezincwadi zokuqala kwaba nalelo galelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kolimi lwesiZulu.

Ngokomthetho isiZulu siwulimi olusemthethweni ngaphansi komthethosisekelo weRiphabhilikhi yase Ningizimu Afrika ka 1996, owagcizelela ukubaluleka kanye nokulingana kwezilimu zonke ezisemthethweni.Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni uhulumeni akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwesiZulu eminyangweni kahulumeni nasezikhungweni zemfundo.Namuhla isiZulu siyaqhuveka nokukhula ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe,izinkundla zokuxhumana,kanye nokwanda kwezinhlelo zemfundo ezisebenzisa ulimi lwasekhaya.Lolu limi ludlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni amasiko,umlando,nobuwena babantu abaningi base Ningizimu Africa.

## izinkomba
Iqaqa

IQAQA:

**Iqaqa** isilwane esihlala ehlathini esinukayo esiphinde sibizwe ngokuthi isephula.Iqaqa yisilwane esihamba ngezinyawo ezine esidla utshani siphinde sikhuthale kakhulu ekwenzeni izingane .iqaqa linomzimba omncane sinombala omnyama nomhlophe, esivame ukubonakala njengesipoki  kodwa kwesinye isikhathi sidingidwa njengento efana nonogwaja ngokuma kwaso kwesinye isikhathi noma ngokuhlala ezimbotsheni phansi. Iqaqa lithanda izindawo ezomile, amathafa, nezindawo ezivulekile kulo lonke elase Ningizimu Afrika.Iqaqa linuka ngalendlela exakile ngoba kuze kunesisho sesiZulu esithi iqaqa alizizwa iphunga.

Iqaqa yisilwane esihambahamba kakhulu ebusuku  futhi asijwayele ukubonakala siyacasha , Uma lisongelwa, iqaqa likhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu elivela ezindlala zalo , okuyindlela elizivikela ngayo ezitha.Iqaqa uma libanjwe izinja kwazona izinja zisala zinephunga elisabekayo elingaqeda ngisho iviki zinukisa okweqaqa.Iqaqa siyisilwane esingathandeki kakhulu  ngoba siyanuka yikho naso sihlala sizifihlile.

## Umthombo:
IPOLECAT

Isilwane esihlala ehlathini esinephunga elibi sifafaza uketshezi ngephunga elinamandla. Iqaqa libonakala kalula ngoboya bawo obumnyama obunemigqa emhlophe noma amabala, iphethini isebenza njengesixwayiso kwezinye izilwane ezidla  "ezinye. Iqaqa adla kokubili izitshalo njengokudla izinambuzane, izithelo, ikabishi, amaqanda kanye nokunye.Bavame ukugenca emigodini, ezigodweni ezingenalutho noma ngaphansi kwezakhiwo. Iqaqa avamile ukugwema abantu kodwa bangazulazula egcekeni befuna ukudla. Angakwazi ukuthwala amarabi ngakho amaqaqa asendle akufanele neze aphathwe.

Avamise ukuvezwa kumakhathuni/ opopayi/ imidlalo yezingane njengabalingiwa abangaqodwa kahle kodwa abazethembayo.Amaqaqa esincelayo esidubuka emazweni aseMelika. ivamie ukuthi ayinalo udlame futhi iyasiza ngokwezemvelo. Ukuqonda izinto ezithandwa amaqaqa kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani zizphatha ngendlela eziziphatha ngayo, futhi kuyasiza uma uzama ukuziheha ukuthi zibukwe noma uzigcine zikude nezingubo zakho.

## Imithombo yolwazi
Ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 e-United States

Ngo Zibandlela zingu-31 ngonyaka u-2019, iChina yamemezela ukutholakala kweqoqo leziguli ze-i-pneumonia I-Wuhan.Udaba  lokuqala nge-COVID-19 lwabikwa i-American ngoMasingana zingu-20, futhi uNobhala Izempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu U-Alex Azar wamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi ngoMasingana zingu-31. Kwabekwa imingcele ezindizeni ezifika zivela eChina, kodwa ukusabela kokuqala kwe-US ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kwakuhamba kancane ngokuqondene nokulungiselela uhlelo lwezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukumisa okunye ukuhamba, nokuhlola.  Ukufa kokuqala okwaziwayo kwaseMelika kwenzeka ngoNhlolanja futhi ngasekupheleni kukaNhlolanja uMongameli UDonald Trump wasikisela ukubekwa kwama- $ 2.5 billion ukulwa nokuqubuka. Esikhundleni salokho, iCongress yamukela ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.3 futhi uTrump wasayina i-Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 ngoNdasa ngomhlaka-6. UTrump wamemezela Isimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke ngoNdasa zingu-13. Uhulumeni futhi wathenga inqwaba yemishini yezokwelapha, esebenzisa i-Defense Production Act ka-1950 ukusiza. Maphakathi ngoMbasa , zonke izifundazwe nezindawo zenza izimemezelo zenhlekelele njengoba zonke zazinamacala akhulayo. Igagasi lesibili lokutheleleka laqala ngoNhlangulana, kulandela imingcele ekhululiwe ezifundazweni eziningana, okwaholela ekutheni iziguli zansuku zonke zidlule ku-60,000. Maphakathi noLwezi, kwaqala ukuqubuka kwesithathu kweziguli; kwakukhona iziguli ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-200,000 nsuku zonke ezingxenyeni zikaZibandlela 2020 noMasingana 2021.

## Umthombo:
AmaMapaputsi

**USandile Ebby Ngwenya** (owaziwa ngokuthi uMapaputsi; 12 Nhlolanja 1976 - 5 Sephuthemba 2024) wayengumculi waseNingizimu Afrika weKwaito. Wathola ukuvelela kuzwelonke nge-single yakhe yokuqala ka-2001 ethi "Izinja", eyamenza waba ngumculi weKwaito ongcono kakhulu kanye ne-Kwaito Song engcono kakhulu kuma-Metro FM Awards ka-2002, kanye ne-Best Music Video kuma-South African Music Awards ka-2003. "Izinja" yathengisa amakhophi angu-150,000 e-triple platinum futhi uMapaputsi waqhubeka nempumelelo yakhe kumashathi omsakazo ngama-single amaningi, kufaka phakathi "My Love", "Kleva", "Manga Manga Business", "Woza Friday" kanye "Grova Mo".

### Ukuqala kokuphila nomsebenzi
UMapaputsi wazalwa nguSandile Ebby Ngwenya ngoNhlolanja 12, 1976. Engxoxweni ye-Podcast and Chill ne-MacG ngo-Ephreli 2022, uMapaputsi wembula ukuthi wazalelwa endlunkulu yeSonto LobuKristu LaseZion (ZCC) eMoria, eLimpopo ngemuva kokuba unina okhubazekile evakashele lapho ukuze athole usizo olungokomoya ngesikhathi ekhulelwe. futhi wakhulela edolobheni laseZola, eSoweto. 

UNgwenya waqala ukuphishanekela umsebenzi womculo ngokuqala emculweni we-gospel ngezingoma zokucula ezihambisana nabaculi abanjengoRebecca Malope, Vuyo Mokoena ne Pure Magic ngaphambi kokuthuthela kwi-Kwaito ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990. U-Vuyo Mokoena kanye no-DJ Khabzela ongasekho njengabantu ababekholwa kuye ngemuva kokuzijwayeza ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komculo we-gospel, waqala ukusebenza endleleni efisa inkanuko eKwaito esebenza nabantu abafana ne-TKZee & Chiskop njengoba ayebizwa ngokuthi 'Mapaputsi' ngumthengisi wezicathulo wase-Italy eZola futhi wakhuthazwa nguTokollo 'Magesh' Tshabalala ukuba asebenzise igama lakhe lesidlaliso njengegama lakhe lesiteji.

UNgqongqoshe Wezemidlalo, Ubuciko Namasiko waseNingizimu Afrika, UGayton McKenzie wancoma uMapaputsi futhi wathi "wabeka i-kwaito ebalazweni" ngokuhlanganisa kwakhe ama-pantsula, ama-pop nama-hip-hop. Ukufa kwakhe ngokungazelelwe ngenxa yokugula okufushane ngo-5 September 2024 eneminyaka engu-48 kwabangela ukuchitheka kokudabuka kwabangani babaculi, abaholi bamasiko, kanye nemithombo yezindaba, ababemkhumbula njengamandla okudala kanye nezwi lentsha yasedolobheni yangemva kobandlululo.
Ushaka

**Oshaka,** yiqembu lezinhlanzi elasmobranchii cartilaginous eziphawuleka nge-endoskeleton engenamambo. Ama-dermal denticles, izimbobo ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ezinhlangothini zombili kanye namaphiko esifuba angahlangani Ikhanda. Oshaka banamuhla bahlukaniswe ngaphakathi kwesigaba U**Selachii** futhi bayingxenye yeBatamorphi imisebe ne-skates. Eminye imithombo yandisa igama elithi shark njengesigaba esingahleliwe esihlanganisa amalungu aphelile e-Chondrichthyes. Inhlanzi enesiqu esiqinile enesimo esifana nesoshaka, njenge-hybodonts. Ama-chondrichthyans afana noshaka afana ne-*Icladoselache* ne-*Doliodus* avele okokuqala ngenkathi ye-Devonian. Iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-419 kuya kwezi 359, yize amanye ama-chond Richthyan anezinsalela amadala njenge-Late Ordovician iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu 458 kuya kwezi 444 edlule. Oshaka besimanje bokuqala abaqinisekisiwe (i-Selachii) yaziwa kusukela ku-Early Jurassic eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-200 edlule, nelungu elidala kunawo wonke elaziwayo  nge *Agaleus*, yize amarekhodi oshaka beqiniso engase abuyele emuva kuze kufike ku(-I-Permian).

Oshaka bahlukana ngobukhulu kusuka kwi dwarf lanternshark encane (*I-Etmopterus perryi*), uhlobo olwandle olujulile olungamamitha awu-17 kuphela (6.7  ubude, kuya ku-whale shark (*I-Rhincodon typus)*, inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, efika cishe kumamitha angu-12 (40  kuya kumamitha awu-18.8 (62  ubude. Zitholakala kulo lonke ulwandle futhi zivamile ekujuleni okufinyelela kumamitha angu-2,000 (6,600 . Ngokuvamile azihlali emanzini ahlanzekile, yize kunezingxenye ezimbalwa ezaziwayo, njengoshaka we-bull kanye noshaka basemfuleni, abangatholakala kokubili emanzini olwandle nasemanzini ahlanzayo, kanye noshaka we-Ganges, ohlala emanzini ahlobile kuphela. Oshaka banesembozo sama-placoid scales (amazinyo) esivikela isikhumba ekulimaleni nasemazilwaneni ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa uketshezi lwabo. Zinezinhlobo eziningi zamazinyo angashintshwa.
EYideni

**Edendale** (ngesiZulu: **eYideni**) yilokishi eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga yePietermaritzburg ngaphansi kukaMasipala waseMsunduzi, esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal, eRiphabliki waseNingizimu Afrika.

**EYideni** (ngesiNgisi: **Edendale**) yilokishi eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesidlavela uMgungundlovu (Pietermaritzburg),KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika.

## Umlando Wokuqala

Indawo eyaziwa namuhla ngokuthi i-Edendale yaqala njengepulazi elibizwa ngokuthi **Welverdiend**, elaqanjwa ngu-Andries Pretorius ngo-1838 ngemva kokunikezwa umhlaba njengomvuzo wokusiza kwakhe empini yaseNcome.

Ngo-1849 uPretorius wadlulisela umhlaba kumkhwenyana wakwakhe uJ.D.C. Landsberg, owathi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-18 wayidayisela uMfundisi uJames Allison. UAllison waqamba kabusha indawo ngokuthi **Edendale** futhi wayisebenzisa njengesiteshi semishini.

Ngo-1851, imindeni emnyama engaphezu kwe-100 yamaKristu yazinza kule ndawo, eyayicishe ibe ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 eningizimu-ntshonalanga ngokusuka eMgungundlovu, futhi yaqinisekisa igama elisha elithi Edendale.

Idolobhana lahlelwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaJames Allison, owayehlukane neWesleyan Missionary Society ngo-1851.

## Uhlelo Lobunikazi Bomhlaba

Ngokungafani nezinye izindawo eziningi zabantu abamnyama ngaleso sikhathi, iYideni yathuthukiswa ngaphansi kohlelo lobunikazi bomhlaba obuzimele kusukela ekuqaleni. Lona kwakuwumqondo omusha kubantu abaningi base-Afrika eNatali.

Lo mphakathi wamaKristu washiya ezinye izinkolelo namasiko endabuko, kuhlanganise nokushiya isithembu. Amadoda nawo aqala ukusebenza ekulimeni, umsebenzi owawuvame ukubhekwa njengowabesifazane ngaphambilini.

## Ukukhula Nentuthuko

IYideni yagcina isimo sayo sobuKristu kuze kube ngeminyaka yowe-1920. Kodwa ngeminyaka yowe-1940, abantu abaningi abavela ezindaweni zasemakhaya baqala ukuthuthela kule ndawo, okwaholela ekutheni indawo inyinyitheke kwanda nezinkinga zokungahlanzeki.

Namuhla, iYideni ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezithuthuka kakhulu eMgungundlovu. Izingqalasizinda zakhona, kuzo kungabalwa iGreater Edendale Mall, amakolishi, isiteshi samaphoyisa, iSibhedlela iYideni kanye nezikole ezizimele.

## Bona Futhi
* Edendale Technical High School

## Izikhombo


## Imithombo Eyengeziwe
*
Umdlalo weshashalazi

Umdlalo weshashalazi.

**Umdlalo** weshashalazi wuhlobo lomdlalo oboniswa esiteji, lapho abalingisi badlala izindima ezihlukahlukene phambi kwezilaleli. Kulowo mdlalo, abalingisi basebenzisa amazwi, izenzo kanye nemizwelo ukuze baxoxe indaba ethile noma baveze umlayezo othile.

Umdlalo we shashalazi kunezinto okungelula ukthi uzibona kuwo, njengezimoto zomjaho, ukusha kwamahlathi. Ngamanye amazwi kunalulekile ukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komdlalo we shashalazi no mdlalo wakumabonakude. Akusiwo noma ngabe yimuphi umdlalo odlalwa esteji,kepha kusuke kungumdlalo obhalwe washicilelwa ngenhloso yokufundisa okuthile. Kungaba ukusifundisa ngamasiko ethu,umlando wethu,inkolo,izigameko ezenzeka emphakathini nokuny okuningi.

## IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
Zulaikha Patel

## Zulaikha Patel
uNksz. Zulaikha Patel uyisakamuzi saseNingizimu Afrika esilwisana nokuxwayiwa ngokwebala kanye ulwela amalungelo abantu.Eneminyaka engamashumi nantathu, waqhunga isibindi walwisana nemithetho yokuxwayiwa ngokwezwinwele ngenxa yabala lakho, kanye nokusetshneziswa kolimi esikoleni sakhe iPretoria High for Girls.Njengezinye izikole eziningi lana eNingizimu Afrika, isikole sakhe silwisana nezinwele zabantu abamnyama, bayabanqabela ukuziqgoka ngendlela ebajabulisayo bona, njengokwenza amaDreadlocks, kanye namaAfro, kanye nokukhuluma ulimi lwakhe esikolen. UZulaikha wase ehlela imibhikisho enokuthula, elwa elwisana nomthetho obacikilela phansi njengezingane ezimnyama, lokhu kwadala umsindo isizwe sonke jikelele, kwagcina sekunqoba yena, ngoba lemithetho bagcina beyishaya indiva. 

Eminyakeni elandelayo uZulaikha wabhala incwadi eyibiza ngokuthi "My Coily Crowny Hair", incwadi yabantwana ezokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izingane ezimnyama ziyaziqhenya ngezinwele ezinazo. Waphinde wazakhela inhlangano yakhe yokuthuthukisa izingane ngokwemfundo emphakhathini jikelele iNingizimu Afrika yonke. Lenhlangano yakhe iphinde inikela ngezincwadi zokufunda ezinganeni. Kusona lesiskhathi kunezindawo ezikhandiwe ukuze izingane zikwazi ukufunda. 

## Imithombo yolwazi
Ezolimo ezisimeme eNingizimu Africa

**Ezolimo** ezisimeme zibalulekile ekuphepheni kokudla nasekuthuthukiseni umnotho eNingizimu Africa. Lezi zindlela zigxile ekukhiqizeni ukudla okwanele ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo, ngokusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela efanele,ukuvikelwa komhlabathi, nokunciphisa amakhemikhali ayingozi.

## Izinkomba
I-butternut squash

**I-butternut squash** (inhlobonhlobo ye-*I-Cucurbita moschata*), eyaziwa e-Australia naseNew Zealand njenge-**I-butternut pumpkin** noma i-gramma,iyinhlobo yesikwashi sasebusika esikhula emvinini. Uma siphekiwe, sinokunambitheka okumnandi nokunambitheka okufana namantongomane, okufana nokunambitheka kwethanga.

Sinesikhumba esiphuzi nesinsundu kancane kanye nenyama yangaphakathi ewolintshi, enendawo equkethe imbewu ekugcineni lapho kuvela khona imbali. Lapho sivuthwa, inyama yangaphakathi iba olintshi okujulile ngenxa yokuba nokuqukethwe okuphezu kwe-beta-cerotene,okuyinhlanganisela eyisandulela se Vithamini A.

Le ngxenye yesitshalo ( ikakhulukazi i berry ), njenge butternut ne- squash, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukupheka izinhlobo eziningi zokudla. I-squash ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-mash, ama casserole, izinkwa, ama muffin kanye nama pie.Ezinye izinhlobo zayo zifaka i-ponca,i-waltham, i- pumkin kanye ne- pimpsash.
Umlando wakwaMasango

**Umlando wakwaMasango**

**Umlando wakwaMasango** uhambisana nezibongo namasiko esiNguni kakhulu amaZulu namaNdebele, lapho baziwa njengabantu "besango elibanzi" elingenela izinkomo, imvana, kanye nabantu. Babizwa ngokuthi ngoMasungubala obanzi, Songede, futhi bangabantu abahloniphekayo abayindlovu eyehla entabeni. Imvelaphi yabo ihlotshaniswa nezimpawu zobuholi namandla. Izibongo zakwaMasango,oMasango ntusemhlophe,nongombili ,masisalibalele njengenkosi, ngomasungubala obanziSongede  owa songa isala senkosi lisango elibanzi lakwaMasango, Ngelangena inkomo nekonyane nomuntuIndlovu eyehla isinyava entabeni Isesabisa umboko ukonakala Izithakazelo.

Igama elithi "Masango" livame ukuhlotshaniswa namasango (gates) ezindaweni zesiNdebele/isiZulu, okuphakamisa ukuba nendawo ebanzi noma abantu abavulelekile,Isibongo sabo sichaza indlela abayisivikelo ngayo. Ngokomlando, amaMasango abengabaNguni abanegama emphakathini, abaziwa ngokukhonza amakhosi. AbakwaMasango bangesinye sezizwe ezinomlando ocebile emandleni nasekukhonzeni ezindaweni zaseningizimu ye-Afrika.  

## Umthombo:
Igabha

**Ibhodlela** liyithini elinomthamo omncane elenziwe ngezinto ezingangenwa amanzi (njengengilazi, izitsha zobumba, izitsha ze-porcelain, ipulasitiki noma I-aluminium) ezilinganisweni ezihlukahlukene nobukhulu obugcina futhi buthuthe uketshezi. Umlomo walo, emgqeni wokufaka amabhodlela, lingavalwa nge-stopper yangaphakathi, isivalo sebhodlela sangaphandle, i-closure, noma i-induction sealage.

## Umsuka
Kwafakazelwa okokuqala ngekhulu le-14. Igama lesiNgisi elithi bottle lisuselwa egameni lesiFulentshi elidala elithi boteille, elivela kwelesiLatini elithi *i-butticula*, elivela esiLatinini esithi *i-buttis* ("igqoko"), ukuhunyushwa kwelesiLatina kwelesiGreki elithi βοῦττις (isitsha) ("isitsha").