Ibhola lezinyawo

**Ibhola lezinyawo** liyiqoqo lemidlalo yamaqembu lapho khona injongo kuwukweqisa ibhola ngale komugqa wezinti, noma ukulifaka phakathi kwezinti, kusetshenziswa umzimba, ngokubhubuza ibhola noma ngokuliphatha ngezandla noma ngokulijikijela.

Ngokwenkulumo evamile, elithi *ibhola lezinyawo* lisho umdlalo webhola odumile lapho ibhola likhahlelwa ngezinyawo kuphela. . Kodwa miningana imidlalo ebizwa ngokuthi ibhola lezinyawo. Emazweni athile afana ne-Ostreliya, iKhanada, iNingizimu Afrika namanye, elithi ibhola lezinyawo lisho ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo, phecelezi *soccer*; bese kuba khona ezinye izinhlobo zomdlalo webhola lezinyawo ezihlukene ngokwamazwe. EMelika naseKhanada kunebholal lezinyawo elinemithetho ehlukile, bese kuba khona nebhola lezinyawo elibizwa ngokuthi ibhola lombhoxo. Lezi zinhlobo zebhola lezinyawo zinemvelaphi efanayo futhi zonke zibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi "**izinhlobo zebhola lezinyawo**".

Maningi amaphathelelo aphathelene nemidlalo yebhola yasezikhathini zasendulo, eyayidlalwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zamazwe. Imithetho yanamuhla yebhola lezinyawo yavela emidlalweni yezikole zamaNgisi ekhulwini le-19 leminyaka. Futhi ukukhula kwamandla nesiko loMbuso wamaNgisi kwenza imithetho yebhola lezinyawo ukuba isakazeke emazweni abiswa ngamaNgisi nasezindaweni onethonya kuzo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka, kwase kuvele izinhlobo zezifunda zokudlala lomdlalo: ngokwesibonelo, ibhola lezinyawo laseGaelic, lona lalihlanganisa nemithetho yasendaweni yakidala yokudlala ukuze kulondolzwe ifagugu lakhona. Ngonyaka we-1888, iligi yebhola lezinyawo yasungulwa kwelaseNgilandi, kwaba inhlangano yokuqala yobungcwepheshi bebhola lezinyawo. Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, kwavela izinhlobo ezimbalwa zebhola lezinyawo nazo ezaba nedumela elikhulu emhlabeni.

## Izici ezivamile

Izinhlobo ezihlukene zebhola lezinyawo zinezici ezifanayo futhi zingaqembulwa ngezigaba ezimbili: *eliphathwayo* njengebhola lezinyawo laseMelika, nebhola lezinyawo laseKhanada, nebholal lombhoxo, lapho khona ibhola lidluliswa ngezandla noma kugikinywa nalo ngezandla, bese kuba *elibhutshuzwayo* njengasebholeni likanobhutshuzwayo nebhola laseGaelic, lapho khona ibhola libhubuzwa ngemilenze futhi ukulibamba ngezandla kunemikhawulo. Imithetho evamile yalemidalo ihlanganisa:
* *Amaqembu* amabili anabadlali abaphakathi kwe-10 kuya kwi-18.
* Indawo ecacisiwe ezoba ibala likudlala umdlalo.
* Ukuzuza *amanqaku* noma *amaphuzu* ngokudikizisela ibhola engxenyeni yelinye iqembu futhi leqiswe emgqeni wezinti.
* Amanqaku noma amaphuzu awumohumela wokuthi abadlali bafake ibhola phakathi kwezinti ezimbili.
* Kumele elinye iqembu *livikele* umugqa wezinti ukuze ibhola lingeqiswa kuwo.
* Abadlali basebenzisa Imizimba yabo ukunyakazisa ibhola, akudingeki izinsiza ezifana nezinduku.
* Kuzosetshenziswa imbulungana ebizwa ibhola efakwa umoya.

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zebhola lezinyawo, kunamakhono afana nokudlulisa ibhola, tackling, evasion of tackles, ukucupheza nokubhubuza. Kunemithetho evimbela ukuba umdlali abe lapho angafanele khona, futhi abadlali abashaya inqaku kufanele ibhola balifake ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu komjanjatho kodwa ngaphakathi kwezinti.

## References
* Mandelbaum, Michael (2004); *The Meaning of Sports*; Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-252-1
* Green, Geoffrey (1953); *The History of the Football Association*; Naldrett Press, London
* Williams, Graham (1994); *The Code War*; Yore Publications, ISBN 1-874427-65-8