Inkanyezi

**INkanyezi** into eyimbulunga enkulu ekhanyayo yoNyazani, eyakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngeHwanzi kanti futhi evuthayo ebanjwe umNyondo ukuze ihlale iyimbulunga. Inkanyezi ekuyiyona esondele kuMhlaba wethu ileyo esiyibiza ngeLanga. Into edala ukuthi ezinye izinkanyezi zibonakale zizincane kuneLanga kubangelwa ibanga elimaphakathi kwakoMhlaba kanye nazo lezo zinkanyezi. Izinkanyezi ekuyizona ezigqame kakhulu kunezinye ilezo eziqoqelene ezakha iziShomo, noma ukuNyonta, kanye nezinye izinkanyezi ezikhanya ukudlula ezinye eziqanjwe amagama thizeni. Ogqayinyanga  sebehlanganise isijenga seziNkanyezi esizaziyo kanye namagama abavumelana ngawo umhlaba jikelele. Kulokho amehlo ethu akwazi ukukubona kanye nolwazi oseluqoqwe izihlongamihathi, kukhombisa ukuthi uMKhathilibe ungase ube nezinkanyezi ezilinganiselwe kwisi-10^{22} kuya kwisi-10^{24}, kanti iningi lalezi azibonakali ngamehlo nje.

Ukuzalwa kwenkanyezi kuqala ngemfingqomNyanda yefulomoya elakhiwe ngeHwanzi, kanye nenani elincane lezinye izakhi. Isisindo senkanyezi ilonanqoba elikhetha ushintshoshintso kanye nendlela ezofa ngayo leyoNkanyezi. Empilweni yayo, iNkanyezi iqhakaza ngokukuhlanganiswa kweHwanzi ukuthi kwakhiwe iHwelanga kumsuka wayo, okukhiqiza imPekumpeku ehamba ingaphakathi leNkanyezi kuze kube ifinyelela ebusweni bayo, nokuyilapho ikhafulelwa emKhathini. Ezinsukwini zayo zokugcina, umsuka wayo uba insalelankanyezi :isiThomiyana esimhlophe, iNkanyezi entunge, noma lapho inesisindo esikhulu ngempela, ibe isiGwinqa. 

Cishe zonke izakhi ezisinda ukwedlula umThanya zakhiwe ubumbanozakhi okwenzeka kumsuka weNkanyezi noma kwizinsalelankanyezi. UTho oluqukethe amaKhemikhali acebile lubuyiselwa kwinqeke ngenkathi iNkanyezi ijikijela ingxhenye yobuhalalazi obutholakala ebusweni bayo emKhathini, noma ngenkathi ifa ngokuqhuma(IsiDangazelakazi noma isiDangazela), lpho loluTho luxubana namafu atholakala kwinqeke ukuzekwakhe isizukulwane esisha seziNkanyezi. IzimFundindalo zomkhathi ziyakwazi ukuthola ulwazi ngobunjalo beziNkanyezi okubandakanya isisindo, iminyaka, ubunsimbi, ushintshoshintso, ibanga(phakathi kwenkanyezi kanye noNomkhubulwane), kanye nokunyakaza emkhathini ngokuthi babuke indlela ukukhanya kweNkanyezi okushintsha ngayo, iWigo, kanye nokushintsha kwendawo iNkanyezi ekuyona ekuhambeni kwesiKhathi.  

IziNkanyezi ziyakwazi ukwakha izizungezonhlelo nezinye zezinto ezisemkhathini, njengoba sibona kwizizungezonhlelo zemiZulwane kanye nezinye iziNkanyezi. Lapho khona iziNkanyezi ezimbili ezikwizungezonhlelo zizungezana ngokusondelene, ubudlelwano bemNyondo yazo bubanomthelelo ekushintshashintsheni kwazo. IziNkanyezi ziyakwzi ukuba ingxhenye yamaqulo ezinkanyezi abanjwe ndawonye umNyondo. Lamaqulo abizwa ngokuthi Amaqulo eziNkanyezi.

Ngokomlando, izinkanyezi bezibalulekile kwabasemandulo umhlaba jikelele. Zibeyingxenye yezenkolo, ukusetshenziswa njengezitholandlela, njengezibekiso zokuthwasa konyaka, kanye nokuchasisela ikhalenda.

IziMfundindalo zomkhathi zakuqala zaziwuboa umehluko phakathi kwezinkanyezi "eziyizinzonzobala", lezo ezinganyakazi kwisikhuphelo sezinkanyezi, kanye nalezo "ezizulazulayo" (imiZulane), okuyizona ezidikizelayo maziqhathaniswa nalezo eziyizinzonzobala ezinsukwini noma emasontweni.[3] IziMfundindalo zomkhathi zasemandulo eziningi zazikholelwa ukuthi iziNkanyezi zechomeke kwisikhuphele sezinkanyezi nanokuthi zazingashinsthi. IziMfundindalo zomkhathi zaqoqela izinkanyezi kwiziNyonto kanye neziShomo  bazisebenzisa ukuthungatha ukunyukuza kwemizulwane kanye nesishundla seLanga.[1] Ukunyukuza kweLanga mawukubuka ngokwezinkanyezi ezinzonzobele (kanye nomKhathizwe) yayisetshenziswa ukwakha amaKhalenda, okuyiwona ayesetshenziswa ukulawula izenzo zokwelima.[4] Ikhalenda lika-Gregor, ekuyilona elisetshenziswa cishe umHlaba wonke, liyiLangakhalenda elisebenzisa iNgoni kwinsika yomjikezelo wemZulwane mayiqhathaniswa neNkanyezi yayo.

## Izinhlobo Zezinkanyezi

isiHlalukanyezi ("*protostar*")

inKanyezi eLundwa ("*blue star*")

isiThomiyana esiPhuzi ("*yellow dwarf star*")

isiThomiyana esinTshungwa ("*orange dwarf star*")

isiThomiyana esiBomvu ("*red dwarf star*")

isiThomiyana esiMhlophe ("*white dwarf star*")

isiThomiyana esiMnyama ("*black dwarf star*")

isiThomiyana esiNgamunwe ("*brown dwarf star*")

uQhakamela oLundwa ("*blue giant star*")

uQhakamela oBomvu ("*red giant star*")

uQhakamelakazi oLundwa ("*blue supergiant star*")

inKanyezi enTunge ("*neutron star*")

isiGwinqa ("*black hole*")

uNyazima ("*pulsar*")

isiPhinqi ("*quasar*")

iNjumbane ("*blazer*")

umHonyezi ("*magnetar*")

umQongo ("*nebula*")

IsiDangazelekazi ("*Supernovae")* 

IsiDangazela ("*Planetary nebulae")*



### Amagama Ezinkanyezi Eziqhakazayo Ebusuku

iLanga ("*Sun*")

iNdonsa/iNdonsamasuku ("*Sirius*")

iNkwenkwezi/iSandulela ("*Canopus*")

inKonjane ("*Alpha Centauri*")

uLwezibe ("*Arcturus*")

uPhalane ("*Vega*")

iNqonqoli ("*Capella*")

IPhisi ("*Rigel*")

inTulwa ("*Procyon*")

umKhwilili ("*Archernar*")

Undwendweni ("*Betelgeuse*")

inKwenjane ("*Hadar*")

inKwazi ("*Altair*")

inKanyazimu ("*Acrux*")

uCwazibe ("*Aldebaran*")

uMongo ("*Antares*")

iNthola/isiQhubankomo ("*Spica*")

isiDumukazi ("*Pollux*")

iSengco ("*Fomalhaut*")

uHlokotho ("*Deneb*")

inTshona ("*Mimosa*")

isiCimamlilo ("*Regulus*")

uZukhwithi ("*Adhara*")

uSilamamba ("*Shaula*")

iMpofukazi ("*Castor*")

uNdonyazulu ("*Gacrux*")

isiKhunundu ("*Bellatrix*")

uCwazi ("*Elnath*")

inKwebane ("*Miaplacidus*")

uDuduma/Khulukuthu ("*Alnilam*")

uNomdede ("*Regor*")

uQongqotho ("*Alnair*")

umVeshe/Khulukuthu ("*Alnitak*")

iQwaha ("*Mirfak*")

uZemani ("*Wezen*")

umVimba ("*Sargas*")

uKhazamula ("*Kaus* *Australis*")

umLilwane ("*Avior*")

inGongoni ("*Menkalinan*")

uNoginganhlola ("*Atria*")

iMpofana ("*Alhena*")

iNhlengane ("*Peacock*")

uNomhhoyi ("*Alsephina*")

iNqongolozi ("*Mirzam*")

iHlosi ("*Alphard*")

inQama ("*Hamal*")

iNhlansi ("*Algieba*")

inKondlwane ("*Diphda*")

uKhazazela ("*Nunki*")

uKhozi ("*Menkent*")

umLozikazana ("*Mirach*")

umNono ("*Alpharatz*")

uKheswani ("*Rasalhague*")

inGqibi ("*Saiph*")

usOkhisa ("*Denebola*")

iDube ("*Algol*")

uQongqodo ("*Tiaki*")

isiHuhwa ("*Muhlifain*")

inKwengezi ("*Aspidiske*")

Nomphukulwana ("*Suhail*")

inCwali ("*Alphecca*")

uNtondo/Khulukuthu ("*Mintaka*")

isiHlakothi ("*Sadr*")

isiThwalanyezi ("*Naos*")

umLozi ("*Almach*")

uDlolo ("*Izar*")

iDlanga ("*Alpha Lupi*"")

iNyandezulu  ("*Dschubba*")

uSbindimamba ("*Larawag*")

uThekwane ("*Ankaa*/*Alpha Phoenicis*")

inGqedamabele ("*Girtab*")

uLethi ("*Enif*")

umNguni ("*Scheat*")

uMabibini ("*Sabik*")

uZulucwathile ("*Aludra*")

uNomzimane ("*Markeb*/*Kappa Velorum*")

umNdawe ("*Markab*")

isiKhohlothi ("*Aljanah*")

iCiwu ("*Acrab*")