Sipho Gumede

**Sipho Gumede** (17 ngoMbasa 1952- 26 ngoNtulikazi 2004) wabe eyinkakha yomculo wohlobo lwe-Jazz eIRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika futhi edume kakhulu nasemazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. UGumede wabe edume kakhulu ngokudlala isigingci sebhazi  futhi ezibhalela yena umculo, wayephinde abe abengomunye wabasunguli beqembu lomculo elabe laziwa ngokuthi yi*Sakhile*. Idumela lakhe walakh  ngokuthi ahlanganise umculo we-jazz kanye nemiculo noma imisindo yase-Afrika. 

## Ukukhula kwakhe

UPhakathwayo wazalwela endaweni yeseCato Manor ngesikhathi iseyindawo yamaNdiya kuphela eThekwini. Kusukela emncane okaGumede wabe enothando olukhulu lomculo, ngalokhu wazakhela isigingci ngethini legalane elalivulwe imbobo, yahlanganiswa ngezintambo ukuze ifane nesigingci. Kwathi esenimnyaka eyi-8 basuswa kulendawo nguhulumeni wobandlululo ngaphansi komthetho we-*Group Areas Act* ngeminyaka yezi-1960. Esenemyaka engama-12 wahamba wayohlala epulazini elingaphandle kwaseMlazi . Esekulo leli pulazi wathola ukufunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo eziningi zomculo emishadweni kanye nasemncwabeni. Kwakuthi njalo uma bephuma esikoleni waye kolusa izinkomo, khona lapho ekwaluseni ukuqhuba isikhathi wabe edlala isigingci sakhe "sokuzakhela". Kwathi ngokukhula kwakhe kunokuba adlale lesi abe ezakhele sona isigingci wabe estsheleka esangempela ukuze aqhube isiphiwo sakhe sokudlala isigingci

Eseniminyaka engama-16 waphindela eMlazi lapho ahlangana noCyril Magubane owabe engumdlali wesigingci wohlobo lomculo we-Jazz. Ukuhlangana noMagubane kwamvulela amathuba amaningi ekuzweni umculo wezingcweti eziningi ze-Jazz okubalwa kuzo u-Wes Montgomery . Waphinde Wazithola esehlangana no Dick Khoza okulapho athola khona umsebenzi njengelungu leqembu loculo we-jazz elalibizwa ngokuthi i-*"Jazz Revellers"*. Kuleli qembu wathola wathola ithuba lokudlala isigingci sebhazi (*bass guitar*) . 

## Imisebenzi
### 1970s
Ngonyaka we-1970 uGumede wanikela kwaNdonga Ziyaduma, eGoli okulapho afikela khona endaweni angayijwayele, wanikela e-Dorkay House eyabe ikumgwaqo u-Ellof. Khona lapha e-Dorkay yilapho alhlangana khona nabaculi abaningi agcina esesebenzisana nabo. Abaculi asebenza nabo kubalwa uDennis Mpale kanye noCock Tlhotlhalemaje kwi bhendi eyabe yaziwa ngokuthi "Isintu". Waphinde wasebenza nebhendi kaDennis kwiFestivali loMculo i-*Piano Culo*. Ngaso lesi sikhathi waphinde wahlangana noDick Khonza ayekade esesebenze naye ngaphambilini  owabe esezinze e-Pelican Nightclub, eyabe idume kakhulu ngomculo onandisayo ngeminyaka yezi-1970. 

Kungakapheli sikhathi esingatheni uPhakathwayo wahlangana noGibson Kente bahamba naye izwe lonke. Emva kwalolu lwakhe lokuqala lezwe, wathatha isabatha ukuze aye koziqeqesha kwikhono lakhe lesigingci emva kokuzwa umculo kaStanley Clarke, Airto Moreira, Flora Purim kanye no Chick Corea. Emva kwesabatha wahlangana nabanye abaculi be-Jazz okulapho babumba khona iqembu lomculo elaziwa nge*"Roots"*. Abaculi abe esebenza nabo kuleli qembu kwakubalwa uJabu Nkosi, Barney Rachabane, Duke Makasi, Dennis Mpale kanye no Enoch Mtlelane. Leli qembu alihlalanga isikhathi eside, okwathi lapho liphela khona uGumede wahlagana noBheki Mseleku bobabili bazibiza nge*"Spirit Rejoice"* okwabe kuyiqembu lomculo we-Jazz oyingxube . 

### 1980s

UGumede waqhubeka wabheka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthui axube i-jazz kanye nomculo wase-Afrika . Ngonyaka we-1982 wahlangana no Khaya Mahlangu, sebebonke no Mabi Gabriel Thobejane babumba iSakhile, iqembu lomculo elaphumelela ekuxubeni imisindo akhula ngayo. Ukuxuba lemisindo kwabaholela ekukhipheni iculo elaba yingqayizivele elalinesihloko esithi "Mantombi". UGumede waphinde waqopha nezingqalabutho ze-jazz okubalwa kuzo oTimmy Thomas waseIMelika, uKippie Moeketsi, IStimela, uMargaret Singane, uAbdullah Ibrahim, uWinston Mankunku kanye noBrenda Fassie. 

Ngonyaka we-1985 wakhipha i-alibhamu yakhe yedwa yokuqala, eyayisihloko sithi *Faces and Places*.Ngonyaka we-1986 ehlangene nezinye izinkakha zomculo zaseNingizimu Afrika okulwa kuzo uCaiphus Semenya, uLetta Mbulu, Hugh Masekela kanye noJonas Gwangwa bahlela umbukiso womculo owawubiuzwa ngokuthu "Buwa". Lo mbukiso wabonwa eZimbabwe kanye nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ekugcineni wagoqwa e-ISwidi. 

Ngonyaka we-1987 iSakhile yabunjwa kabusha yahambela eSwizalendi, e-Ithali, eBrithani, eJalimani kanye nasemazweni aseAfrika amaningi. ISkahile yabe imele iNingizimu Afrika kwifesyivali lomculo i-"Meeting the World"eyabe ibanjelwe e-Finlandi kanye nase(ngaphambilini) Soviet Union. ISakhile yahambela amazwe ahlukahlukene aseNingizimu Afrika kanye no Abigail Kubheka, yadlala emadolobheni amakhulu aseJalimani. Ngawo lonyaka uSipho wadlala no Caiphus Semenya, Letta Mbulu kanye no Hugh Masekela kwiFestival le-Jazz eMontreux kwi-African Evening ayebe ihlele nguQuincy Jones. ENingizimu Afrika uGumede wabe engayigqizi qakala imithetho kahulumeni wobandlululo, ngokuthi aye kodlala kwamakhonsathi ayexuba zonke izinhlanga .

### 1990s
Ngonyaka we-1992 wanqoba ngendondo ye-OKTV ngokuba ne alibhamu yakhe ayenza yedwa, esihloko sithi "Thank you for Listening". Ngonyaka we-1995 wahlabana nendondo yempumelelo isukua kwabakwa-Johnny Walker, lapho babeqhakambisa iqhaza elincomekayo abe enalo embonini yomculu yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngonyaka we-1995 waphinda wakhipa enye i-alibhamu esihloko sithi "Ubuntu (Humanity). Ngonyaka we-1996 wakhipha i-alibhamu esihloko sithi "20 Years of My life", le alibhamu yabe ibheka emuva lapho uGumede aqala khona endimeni yomculo we-jazz .  Ngonyaka we-1998 uGumede wakhipha alibhamu esihloko sithi "Blues for My Mother"  ngaphansi kweleyibuli u-Sheer Music okulapho asebenza khona namaciko afana on Mandla Masuku, Paul Hammer kanye no Xoli Nkosi. Ngonyaka we-1999 uGumede wabe yiqembu alabe lidlala ngemuva, ngenkathi umdlali wepiyano wejazz waseMelika uJoe McBride eze eNingizimu Afrika .  

### 2000s

UMcBride kanye nabanye abaculi be jazz okubalwa kubo Andy Narell, Wayne DeLano kanye no Manny Rodriquez baba yinxenye ye-alibhamu kaGumede esihloko sithi "New Era". Ngaso lsesi sikhathi uGuemed wayedlala isingingci sebhazi edlalela iqembu elaziwa njenge "The Sheer All Stars" ayayibunjwe ngu Paul Hanmer, McCoy Mrubata, Errol Dyerskanye no Frank Paco. Ngase lesi iskhathi uGumede wabenzisana no Pops Mohamed ukuqala iKamamzoo eyaba nesasa elikhulu. Yakhethwa njengengoma evelele yejazz yaseSouth Africa yaseKhaya kwizindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika (*South African MUsic Awards*) . 

Ngeminyaka yezi-2000 uGumede wabe esebuyele kwaZulu Natali lapho ayefundisa khona umculo aphide awudlalele abantu abasebancane emalokishini. Ngazo lezi zikhathi wasungula indawo yokuqopha emzini wakhe lapho adidiyela khona ama-alibhami amaningi akhe . Ama-alibhamu okugcina awakhipha kubalwa ethi "From Me to You" ayikhipha nge-2004 kanye neye Sakhile ethi "Togetherness". Ngonyaka we-2004 i-alibhamu yakhe ethi "Blues for My Mother" yaba yi-plathinamu . 

### Ama alibhamu
* Faces and Places (1985)
* We Know Who We Are (1986) [LP]
* 20 Years of Life (1986)
* Thank You for Listening (1990) [LP]
* Banana Jive City (1991) [LP]
* Down Freedom Avenue (1993)
* Outernational Meltdown (1994)
* Ubuntu - Humanity (1995)
* Blues for My Mother (1998)
* New Era (2000)
* Village Dance and Moore (2001) [CD]
* From Me to You (2002)
* African Sunrise (2004)
 
#### KwiSakhile

* Phambili
* Welcome Home
* Sakhile
* Togetherness

### Izindondo
* Indondo ye-Autumn Harvest nge alibhamu yakhe ethi ("Faces and Places"). [1992]
* Indondo ye-OKTV nge alibhamu yakhe ethi ("Thank You for Listening"). [1995]
* Wathola indondo esuka kwaJohnny Walker Black Label ngegalelo ayenalo embonini yomculo eNingizimu Afrika. [1995]

## Ukudlula emhlabeni

Emva kokuxinwa ukugula isikhashana esesibhedlela eThekwini uGumede wadlula emhlabeni mhla zi-26 kuNtulikazi we-2004 eneminyaka engama-47. Washiya emhlabeni unkosikazi wakhe ayesanda kushada naye uFikiswa Pupuma kanye nezingane zakhe ezine okubalwa kuzo uMantombi, Sifiso, Nozipho kanye noNontuthuzelo kanye nomfowabo uQedi .

## Imithombo