Isibuko

**isibuko**, esaziwa nangokuthi ingilazi yokuzibuka, yinto ebonisa isithombe. Ukukhanya okuphuma esibukweni kwakha isithombe salokho okuphambi kwaso, okubhekiselwa kuyi-lens yeso noma ikhamera. Izibuko ziguqula indlela yokukhanya nge-engela elingana nokwenzeka kwazo. Lokhu kuvumela ozibukayo ukuba azibone noma abone izinto ngemuva kwakhe,ngisho nezinto eziku-engela kusukela kuzo kodwa ngaphandle kwendawo yazo, njengaseceleni kwekhona. Izibuko zemvelo bezilokhu zikhona kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, njengengaphezulu lamanzi kodwa abantu bebelokhu bekhiqiza izibuko ngezinto ezihlukahlukene izinkulungwane zeminyaka, njengetshe, izinsimbi, nengilazi. Ezibukweni zamanje, izinsimbi ezinjengesiliva noma I-aluminium zivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokubonisa kwazo okuphakeme yazo, ifakwe njengophahla oluncane engilazini ngenxa yendawo yayo ebushelelezi futhi eqinile ngaphezulu.

Isibuko sibonisa amagagasi. Ukukhanya kunamagagasi, futhi lapho amagagasi okukhanya ebonisa kusukela endaweni eyisicaba yesibuko, lawo magagasi agcina izinga elifanayo lokugoba nokuvuleka, ngendlela elinganayo kodwa ephambene, njengamagagasi okuqala. Lokhu kuvumela amagagasi ukuba akhe isithombe lapho egxile nge-lens, njengokungathi amagagasi avela ohlangothini lwesibuko. Ukukhanya kungaboniswa futhi njengemisebe (imigqa ecatshangelwayo ekhishwa emthonjeni wokukhanya, ehlala iqondene namagagasi). Lemisebe ibonakala nge-engela elinganayo kodwa ephambene lapho ishaya khona isibuko (ukukukhanya okuzenzakalelayo). Lesi sici, esibizwa ngokuthi i-specular reflection, sihlukanisa isibuko ezintweni ezisikaza ukukhanya,ezikhipha igagasi futhi zilihlakaze ezindaweni eziningi (njengopende omhlophe oyisicaba). Ngakho-ke, isibuko singaba kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho ukwakheka noma ukuqina kwendawo kukuncane (kubushelelezi) kunobude bamagagasi.

Uma ubuka isibuko, omunye uzobona Isithombe sesibuko noma isithombe esiboniswayo sezinto ezizungezile, ezakhiwa ukukhanya okukhishwa noma okuhlakazwa yizo futhi okuboniswa isibuko emehlweni omunye. Lo mphumela unikeza umbono wokuthi lezo zinto zingemumva kwesibuko, noma ngezinye izikhathi phambi kwaso. Lapho ingaphandle lingesona isicaba, isibuko singaziphatha njenge-lens ebonakalisayo. Isibuko esibhakabhakeni sikhipha isithombe esibukeka njnge sangempela esingenakuphikiswa, kuyilapho isibuko esigobile singasonta, sikhulise, noma sinciphise isithombe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, sibe sisagcine imigqa, umehluko, ukucija, imibala, nezinye izakhiwo zesithombe zingaphazamisekile.

Isibuko sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzibuka, njengasikhathi sokuzihlanza; yingakho igama elidala lithi "ukubukeka kwengilazi". Lokhu kusetshenziswa, okokuqala ngaphambi komlando, kuhlangana nokusetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Izibuko zisetshenziselwa futhi ukubona ezinye izinto ezingabonakali ngokuqondile ngenxa yezithiyo; izibonelo zihlanganisa Izibuko zokubuka ngemuva ezimotweni, izibuko zokuphepha ezakhiweni noma ezizungezile, kanye nezibuko zodokotela bamazinyo. Izibuko ziphinde zisetshenziswe emishinini ye-optical neyesayensi njengezihlongamkhathi, ama-laser, amakhamera, ama-periscope, nemishini yezimboni.

Ngokwezinkolelo-ze ukuphihliza isibuko kuthiwa kuletha amabhadi alinganiselwe emnyakeni ayisikhombisa.

Igama elithi "isibuko" kanye "nesibonakaliso" angasetshenziselwa izinto ezibonisa noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi. isibuko esizwakalayo sibonisa amagagasi omsindo. Izinto ezinjengezindonga, uphahla, noma ukwakheka kwamadwala angokwemvelo zingakhiqiza ama-echo, futhi lokhu  kuvame ukuba inkinga kubunjiniyela be-acoustical lapho kuklanywa izindlu, amahholo, noma iziteshi zokuqopha. Izibuko zomsindo zingasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa njenge-parabolic microphones, izifundo zomoya, I-sonar, kanye ne-sea floor mapping. isibuko se-athomu sibonisa amagagasi ezinhlayiya futhi angasetshenziselwa i-atomic kanye, i-interferometry ne-atomic i-holography.

## Imithombo Yolwazi