Mangosuthu Buthelezi

**Inkosi Mangosuthu Buthelezi** (27 ngoNcwaba 1928 -9 ngoMandulo 2023) ngosombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika ongumsunguli aphinde ngumongameli weqembu lezombusazwe Inkatha Freedom Party(IFP). OkaButhelezi wadlala iqhaza elikhulu emlandweni wezombusazwe eNingizimu Afrika, ubalwa nawo wonke amaqhawe ayelwa nengcindezelo kulo lelizwe. UShenge uphinde abe yinkosi yesizwe sakwaButhelezi endaweni yakwaNongoma KwaZulu-Natali. Ukuhlonipha igalelo aba nalo ekubujweni kweNingizimu Afrika ekhululekile Inyuvesi yezobuchwepheshe (Mangosuthu iNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe) kanye nomgwaqo omkhulu kukubili okuselokishini laseMlazi kuqanjwe ngegama lakhe.  

## Impilo yokuqala

UButhelezi wazalelwa endaweni yaseMahlabathini KwaZulu-Natali ezalwa yiNkosi uMathole Buthelezi kanye nowakwakhe iNkosazane yeNkosi uMagogo kaDinizulu owabe ungudadewabo weSilo uSolomon kaDinizulu bobabilii bezalwa yiSilo UDinizulu kaCetshwayo. Umkhulu wakhe wabe enguNgqonqgoshe oMkhulu kwiSilo uDinizulu.

## Imfundo

Wathola imfundo yamabanga aphansi e-*Impumalanga Primary School* isikole esisendaweni yakwaNongoma kusukela ngonyaka we-1934 kuya kwe-1943. Emva kwalokho wadlulela emabangeni athe thuthu, waya kofunda esikoleni esiseManzimtoti esibizwa ngokuthi Adams College kusukela ngonyaka we-1944 kuya kwe-1947 lapho aqeda khona umatikuletsheni. Imfundo ephakeme wayithola eNyuvesi Yase Fort hare kusukela ngonyaka we-1948 kuya kwe-1950, lapho ayefundela iziqu zoMlando kanye nzifundo zokuLawulwa kwaBantu. Kulapha kulenyuvesi lapho ajoyina khona Umbutho Wentsha we-ANC lapho ahlagana khona khona noRobert Mugabe kanye no Robert sobukwe. Ngonyaka wezi-1950 wazibandakanya kwimibhikisho eyabe kungeyokuvimbezela uMholi uGeneral G Van Zyl ekuvakasheleni inyuvesi. Waxoshwa enyuvesi emva kwemibhikisho yabafundi kule nyuvesi, kwamphoqa ukuba aye kobhalela izivivinyo zokuphela konyaka eNyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali .

## Umsebenzi

Ngonyaka wezi-1951 wathola umsebenzi wokubhala eMnyangweni wokuLawula aBantu. Ngonyaka wezi-1970 waqokwa njengomholi waKwaZulu Territorial Authority okwabe inhloso yayo kwakungukubeka uboholi besikhashana bohulumeni bezabelo. UShenge akazange wakuvuma lokhu ngoba kwabe kuzokwehlisa isithunzi sakwaZulu. Kusukela ngonaya wezi-1972 uButhelezi waba ngumholi wekomidi eliphezulu eSishayamthetho sakwaZulu. Emva kwalokhu kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1976 kuze nguMbasa wezi-1994 wayenguNdunankulu wakwaZulu. 

### Ubukhosi

Ngonaya wezi-1953 wabuyela ekhaya eNatali ukba ayoba iNkosi yezwe sakwaButhelezi. Yize abekwa njenge Nkosi, uhulumeleni wangaleso sikhathi wamazisa njengeNkosi ngonyaka wezi-1957 . 

### Inkatha Freedom Party

Ngonyaka wezi-1975 wasungula inhlangano yezombusazwe iNkatha Freedom Party emva kokugqugquzelwa ngu-Oliver Tambo owabe engumholi we-African National Congress (ANC) ekubhaceni. UButhelezi wathola isibusiso ukuthi aqale iNkatha yeNkululeko yeSizwe, ukuze inhlangano yakhe ihlanganise abantu ukuthi balwe nohulumeni wobandlululo njengoba i-ANC yabe ivaliwe eNingizimu Afrika. Ngeminyaka yama-1970 uButhulezi wathola ukugxekwa okukhulu yiqembu alabe laziwa ngokuthi yi-Black Conciousness Movement, kangangokuthi lamunqabela aye emgcwabeni kaRobert Sobukwe . 

Ngonyaka wezi-1979 uButhelezi wahlangana no-Oliver Tambo eLandani emhlanganweni lapho babezondingida khona amasu ezempi abangawasebezisa beyiNkatha noMkhonto weSizwe ukuze balwe nohulumeni wobandlululo. Lomhlangano awuzange ube yimpumelelo, okwadala ukuthi i-IFP kanye ne-ANC ukuthi baphule ubudlelwano, okwadala ukuthi lamaqembu abe izitha . 

Ngonyaka wezi-1982 walwisana nohlelo lukaHulumeni wobandlululo ukunikela indawo yaseNgwavuma esenyakatho naKwaZulu ezweni laseSwazini. Inkantolo yamvuna uButhelezi kuloludaba ibeka ukuthi uHulumeni akahambanga ngokoMthetho woMthethosisekelo yabaMnyama wezi-1972. Lomthetho wabe udinga ukuthi kuhlanganwe nabantu baseNgwavuma kanye neKwaZulu Territorial Authority. UButhelezi waphinde wahlaba ukuhlongozwa lukahulumeni ekuguquleni umthethosisekelo wangalesi sikhathi. Wayehambela imibuthano ehlangene neqembu lezombusazwe elabe laziwa ngokuthi, i-Progressive Federal Party kanye  nomholi wayo uFriederick Van Zyl Slabbert. 

Njengoba inhlangano ye-IFP kanye neye-ANC zabe zingasoboni ngaso linye, uButhelezi wabe esenokuhlanganyela nohulumeni wabe eyihlikiza eyokuthi iNingizimu Afrika kumele ifakelwe izibopho. Njengomholi kahulumeni wesabelo, ukuphila kwakhe kwakuncike kakhulu emnothweni waseNingizimu Afrika. Njengoba abaholi ababelwa nobandlululo ababeseNingizimu Afrika kanye nababesemazweni angaphandle, babefuna izibopho, uButhelezi wagcina esebekwa njengopopayi wohulumeni wobandlulo. Ukugxila kakhulu kwezamasiko kanye nobuzwe ngaphezu kobumbano ngokobuzwe, kwagxekwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwaholela empini yomabango phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe bamaZulu kanye namalungu e-ANC KwaZulu-Natali .

Emva kokukhishwa kwabo bonke ababeboshiwe ngaphansi kohulumeni wobandlululo, nokubunjwa kwe-*Convesion for Democratic South Africa (CODESA)*, UButhelezi wayemele Inkatha Freedom Party ngesikhathi kunezingxoxo zeNingizimu Afrika yeNtando yeNingi. UButheleizi wabe efuna kuvikelwe isithunzi kanye namandla amakhosi. Emva kokungaboni ngaso linye nezinye izinhlangano kulolu daba, uButhelezi waphuma kulezi zingxoxo, okwadala izimpi zezombusazwe phakathi kwamalungu e-ANC kanye ne-IFP. Sekusele isikhathi esingatheni uButhulezi wamemezela ukuthi i-IFP nayo izolungenela ukhetho lukazwelonke lokhu kwadala ukuthi igama lalenhlangano lifakwe ngamahora okugcina ohlwini lwamaqembu ayezongena okhethweni . 

## Kwezikaqedisizungu

Ngaphambi kokuthi angene kwezombusazwe uButhelezi wake wazakhela udumo kwezafilimu lapho ayelingisa indawo yeSilo uCetshwayo kaMpande, owabe engumkhulu wakhe. Lapha wayebonaka kwifilimu eyakhishwa ngonyaka wezi-1964 lapho esihloko sithi *Zulu* kulefilimu kuvezwa impi eyabe iphakathi kwamaZulu namaNgisi ngonyaka wezi-1879 .

## Uhulumeni weNtando yeNingi

Emva kokhetho lokuqala lukaHulumeni weNtando yeNingi ngoNhlaba wezi-1994 uButhelezi waba nguNqgongqoshe wokuqala ngaphansi kwalohulumeni woMnyango wezaseKhaya, lapho abapatha khona amahlandla amabili. EMnyangweni wezaseKhaya waletha ushintsho olukhulu ngokuhamba kwabantu luleli, baqala ukuthola amakhono kuleli ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho waseNingizimu Afrika. Ngonyaka wezi-1998 wabekwa njengomongameli wesikhashana lapho uNelson Mandela wabe eseWashington. 

UShenge waqhubeka ukuba umholi wamakhosi akwaZulu aphinde abe ngunhloli we-IFP. Uphinde aba yilungu lwePhalamende lapho emale khona iqembu le-IFP. NgoMfumfu wezi-2017 uShenge wamemezela ukuthi useshiya izintambo zokuba nguMongameli waqembu le-IFP, okuyikhundla asesibambe iminyaka engama-43  . UButhelezi ungumkhulumeli okhulu ngokufundisa abantu ngesifo sesandulela ngculazi/nengculazi. Walahlekelwa inzigane zakhe ezimbili kuso lesisifo yingakho emandla ekufundisweni kwabantu ikhulukazi intsha ngaso lesi sifo.

## Ukuhohlonishwa
* Umgwaqo omkhulu ongenela elokishini laseMlazi ubizwa ngokuthi Mangosuthu Highway. 
* Ikolishi lezobuchwephese elikhona eMlazi liqanjwe ngokuthi *Mangosuthu University of Technology*. 

## Imithombo