威廉·鮑莫爾

**威廉·積·鮑莫爾**（， ）係美國經濟學家，紐約大學經濟學系教授，同時亦係普林斯頓大學教授。佢做咗大量有關勞動市場同其他影響經濟嘅要素嘅研究，亦都做咗對經濟思想史方面重要嘅貢獻。鮑莫爾較廣為人知嘅研究有可競爭市場、交易性貨幣需求嘅鮑莫爾 - 托賓模型、鮑莫爾成本病、庇古稅等等。

## 生平
2006年，美國經濟學會嘅年度會議特別以鮑莫爾為名召開，會中介紹咗鮑莫爾教授12篇有關企業家精神嘅論文，推崇尊敬佢多年來喺呢方面嘅研究貢獻。

## 著作

* "Community Indifference", 1946, *RES*
* "A Community Indifference Map: A construction", 1949, *RES*.
* "A Formalization of Mr. Harrod's Model", 1949, *EJ*.
* "The Analogy between Producer and Consumer Equilibrium Analysis", with Helen Makower, 1950, *Economica*.
* *Economic Dynamics*, with R. Turvey, 1951.
* "The Transaction Demand for Cash: An inventory-theoretic approach", 1952, *QJE*.
* "The Classical Monetary Theory: The outcome of the discussion", with G.S. Becker, 1952, *Economica*.
* *Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State*, 1952.
* "Firms with Limited Money Capital", 1953, *Kyklos*.
* *Economic Processes and Policies*, with L.V. Chandler, 1954.
* "More on the Multiplier Effect of a Balanced Budget", with M.H. Peston, 1955, *AER*.
* "Acceleration without Magnification", 1956, *AER*.
* "Variety in Retailing", with E.A. Ide, 1956 *Management Science*.
* "Speculation, Profitability and Stability", 1957, *REStat*.
* "Activity Analysis in One Lesson", 1958, *AER*.
* "On the Theory of Oligopoly", 1958, *Economica*.
* "Topology of Second Order Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients", 1958, *Econometrica*.
* "The Cardinal Utility which is Ordinal", 1958, *EJ*.
* *Business Behavior, Value and Growth*, 1959.
* "Integer Programming and Pricing", with R.E. Gomory, 1960, *Econometrica*.
* *Economic Theory and Operations Analysis*, 1961.
* "What Can Economic Theory Contribute to Managerial Economics?", 1961, *AER*.
* "Pitfalls in Contracyclical Policies: Some tools and results", 1961, *REStat*.
* "The Theory of Expansion of the Firm", 1962, *AER*.
* "Stocks, Flows and Monetary Theory", 1962, *QJE*.
* "An Expected Gain-Confidence Limit Criterion for Portfolio Selection", 1963, *Management Science*.
* "Rules of Thumb and Optimally Imperfect Decisions", with R. E. Quandt, 1964, American Economic Review, 54, p.&nbsp;23-46
* "Decomposition, Pricing for Decentralization and External Economics", with T.Fabian, 1964, *Management Science*.
* "On the Performing Arts: the anatomy of their economic problems", with W.G. Bowen, 1965, *AER*.
* "Investment and Discount Rates Under Capital Rationing", with R.E.Quandt, 1965, *EJ*.
* "Informed Judgement, Rigorous Theory and Public Policy", 1965, *Southern EJ*.
* *The Stock Market and Economic Efficiency*, 1965.
* *Performing Arts: the economic dilemma*, 1966.
* "The Ricardo Effect in Point-Input, Point-Output Case", 1966, *Essays in Mathematical Economics in Honor of Oskar Morgenstern*.
* "Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The anatomy of urban crisis", 1967, *AER*.
* "Calculation of Optimal Product and Retailer Characteristics", 1967, *JPE*.
* "The Firm's Optimal Debt-Equity Combination and the Cost of Capital", with B.G. Malkiel, 1967, *QJE*.
* "Error Produced by Linearization in Mathematical Programming", with R. Bushnell, 1967, *Econometrica*.
* "The Dual of Nonlinear Programming and its Economic Interpretation", with M.L.Balinski, 1968, *RES*.
* "Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory", 1968, May, *American Economic Review*
* "On the Social Rate of Discount", 1968, *AER*.
* "On the Discount Rate for Public Projects", 1969, *Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditures*.
* "Input Choices and Rate-of-Return Regulation: An overview of the discussion", with A.K.Klevorick, 1970, *Bell JE*.
* "Optimal Departures from Marginal Cost Pricing", with D.F. Bradford, 1970, *AER*.
* "The Economics of Athenian Drama", 1971, *QJE*.
* *Environmental protection, International Spillovers and Trade*, 1971.
* "On the Economics of the Theatre in Renaissance London" with Mary Oates, 1972, *Swedish JE*.
* "The Dynamics of Urban Problems and its Policy Implications", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors, *Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins*.
* "Taxation and the Control of Externalities", 1972, *AER*.
* "Detrimental Externalities and Non-Convexity of the Production Set", with D.F. Bradford, 1972, *Economica*.
* "The Transformation of Values: What Marx 'Really' Meant", 1974, *JEL*.
* *The Theory of Environmental Policy*, with W.E.Oates, 1975.
* *Economics, Environmental Policy and Quality of Life*, with W.E.Oates and S.A. Batey Blackman 1979.
* *Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure*, with J.C. Panzar and R.D. Wilig, 1982
* "Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure", 1982, "AER".
* *Microtheory: Applications and origins*, 1986
* *Superfairness: Application and theory*, with D. Fischer, 1986
* "The Optimal Cash Balance Proposition: Maurice Allais' Priority", with J. Tobin, 1989, *JEL*
* *Productivity and American Leadership: The long view*, with S.A. Batey Blackman and E.N. Wolff, 1989.
* *Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive and Destructive*, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98(3), pp.&nbsp;893–921, 1990
* *Perfect Markets and Easy Virtue: Business ethics and the invisible hand*, with S.A. Batey Blackman, 1992
* *Entrepreneurship, Management and the Structure of Profit*, 1993.
* *The Free Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism*, 2002.
* *Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity,* co-authored with Robert Litan and Carl J. Schramm, 2007
* *The Cost Disease: Why Computers get Cheaper and Healthcare Doesn't*, 2012

## 參考資料

## 外部連結

* Baumol home page 
* IDEAS/RePEc