歷史哲學

**歷史哲學**，哲學研究一門，探討歷史同史學家。個名由法國哲學家伏爾泰諗出來嘅，但唔佢祇不過當中一種諗法。但呢方面哲學，要總括一切亦好難。個名就好似同法學哲學、科學哲學類似，但諗法就更闊更分歧。

西洋講史，有兩義。一種話人類大事件跟時間進程，主過講過往，亦唔限過往。另一種指一門學問，探討人類過去知識同認識。

歷史哲學為咗反思歷史本質，又反思史學者究竟點去理解歷史知識。咁有兩大派走咗出來。一派叫**實質**哲學，又叫**推測**哲學，呢種喺形而上學嗰便，關注語言一面，感知一面，探討背景。另一派，叫**批判**哲學，又叫**分析**哲學，偏向實用主義，會跟住認識論，似科學哲學咁。呢種分㵷，似大陸哲學同分析哲學分歧。話就咁分，實情又未必咁分得咁清，有啲反思根本唔入呢兩流，模模糊糊。

歷史哲學家有啲諗法，史學家並唔認同，從而又有爭論。

實踐層面，分析嗰便，會質疑歷史過程，質疑意義同目的，而推測嗰便，會研究歷史同歷史方法，佢哋根基同含義。因而有批判哲學同推測哲學呢種分別。

呢種分歧，休謨同康德爭論因果關係表現好清楚。休謨代表分析嗰邊，康德代表推測嗰邊。用呢種表述方式，雖然表達歷史錯位，但幫助我哋理解佢哋哲學史上定位。

喺當代，福柯同漢娜萼蘭視為史學家之前，會畀人睇成理論家或者哲學家，偏向推測手哲學嗰邊。，佢工作側重歷史同人類社會現象中，深層結構、權力關係同哲學思考。而傳統史學，會堅持分析性同敘事性方法。

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## 文獻

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