嗚嗚聲喇

**嗚嗚聲喇**（Vuvuzela，茨瓦納話又叫做Lepatata），又叫**嗡嗡祖拉**、**巫巫茲拉**、**嗚嗚聲喇**、**呼呼塞拉**、**嗚嗚祖拉**、**呼呼些拿**、**非洲笛**、或者**嗚嗚號**，係種大約長一米嘅號角。南非嘅球迷成日響足球比賽嘅時候吹呢隻號角，吹響嗚嗚聲喇要有咁上下嘅唇部技巧同肺活量；吹嘅時候，會發單 B♭調，有啲似霧笛或者大笨象嘅叫聲。

禁唔禁嗚嗚聲喇已經拗起嚟。啲聲可能會永久損害聽覺，同時亦有一啲安全問題，好似會令響球場嘅觀眾聽唔到緊急疏散嘅宣佈，以及比咳同吶喊重易導致感冒同流感病毒嘅大規模傳播。

2010年FIFA世界盃某啲實況播音員將嗚嗚聲喇嘅聲稱為「令人煩躁」、「一班好嘈嘅大笨象響度亂走」、「一班好嘈嘅蝗蟲」
、「就嚟俾人劏嘅山羊叫聲」和「有啲好嬲蜜蜂嘅超大蜂箱」。呢種樂器嘅響度可以去到127分貝，對未作保護嘅人耳嚟講係有極大傷害。2010年6月14號一種新型嘅嗚嗚聲喇問世，聲稱稱通過調整唇片令到佢嘅音量下降咗20分貝。

## 起源
呢種膠喇叭響1970年代起源於墨西哥體育館。原本係用錫造嘅，嗚嗚聲喇響1990年代響南非走紅。著名嘅凱澤酋長足球會球迷Freddie "Saddam" Maake 話早喺1965年，去咗橡皮吹嘴，發明咗用鋁造嘅，用響單車嘅喇叭。後嚟佢發現呢個吹嘴太短，於是就加咗個長啲嘅管。Maake有影響19世紀70年代同80年代嘅南非當地比賽，同1998年FIFA世界盃用鋁造嘅嗚嗚聲喇嘅相。佢話，後嚟當局認為呢種鋁造嘅嗚嗚聲喇好危險，所以佢搵到間塑膠公司，造咗用膠造嘅嗚嗚聲喇。

2001年，南非公司馬辛斯丹運動公司開始批量生產膠造嘅嗚嗚聲喇。間公司嘅所有人尼爾•範•斯卡爾奎克響2001年獲得南非啤有限公司嘅踢星獎。

亦有人覺得嗚嗚聲喇源於非洲號角樂器kudu，但係係有爭議嘅。成場比賽裏面，支持者通過猛咁吹嗚嗚聲喇嚟打擊對手。

2005年，著名南非黑人專欄作家、前體育記者Jon Qwelane話嗚嗚聲喇令佢放棄觀看現場比賽，又將佢叫做「嚟自地獄嘅樂器」，又叫2010年世界盃足球賽禁止使用呢種樂器。

### 詞語嘅由來
關於「嗚嗚聲喇」詞語嘅由來係有爭議嘅，佢起源於祖魯話，意思係發出「溫溫」嘅噪音或者嚟自南非俚語，同「沖涼」呢個詞語有啲似。

### 法律爭議
2010年初嘅拿撒勒浸信會成員話嗚嗚聲喇屬於佢哋嘅教堂，又以採取法律措施威脅，要啲球迷停止響世界盃比賽裏面用嗚嗚聲喇。

## 2009年國際足聯聯合會杯

The vuvuzela came to international attention during the run-up to the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup, both hosted in South Africa. The world football governing body, FIFA, expressed concerns that hooligans could use the instrument as a weapon and that businesses could place advertisements on vuvuzelas. However the South African Football Association (SAFA) made a presentation that vuvuzelas were essential for an authentic South African football experience, and FIFA decided in July 2008 to allow vuvuzelas at Confederations Cup.  President of FIFA Sepp Blatter opposed banning the vuvuzela, saying "We should not try to Europeanise an African World Cup." FIFA ultimately decided to allow the instrument for the 2010 World Cup as well, except for vuvuzelas longer than one metre.

Some football commentators, players, and international audiences argued against the vuvuzela during the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. During the match between United States and Italy, BBC Sport commentator Lee Dixon referred to the sounds as "quite irritating".

## 2010年世界盃足球賽
During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Hyundai and a local South African advertising agency called Jupiter Drawing Room created the largest working vuvuzela in the world— long—on an unfinished flyover road in Cape Town. The vuvuzela is powered by several air horns attached at the "mouthpiece" end, and it will be blown at the beginning of each of the World Cup matches.

### 爭議
#### 帶畀比賽嘅困擾
係FIFA收到好多嚟自歐洲電視傳媒集團嘅投訴之後，呢啲集團希望嗚嗚聲喇被禁止，因為嗚嗚聲喇嘅聲襟咗評論員把聲。響比賽之前，荷蘭國家足球隊教練
Bert van Marwijk同西班牙國家足球隊中鋒沙比阿朗素亦都呼籲，後者話，嗚嗚聲喇嘅聲令到球員好難溝通同集中注意力，而且咁樣對氣氛冇太大嘅提升。

2010年6月13號，BBC播咗南非主席Danny Jordaan響比賽中對嗚嗚聲喇嘅禁止嘅考慮。
 

Jordaan noted that "if there are grounds to do so, yes [they will be gotten rid of]" and that "if any land on the pitch in anger we will take action."

During the event many competitors have criticised and complained about the noise caused by the vuvuzela horns, including France's Patrice Evra who blamed the horns for the team's poor performance. He also claimed that the sound of the vuvuzelas away from the stadiums hampered the ability of the players to get their rest. Other critics include Lionel Messi who complained that the sound of the vuvuzelas hampered communication among players on the pitch, and broadcasting companies, who complained that commentators' voices were being drowned out by the sound. Portugal's Cristiano Ronaldo went on record to state that the sound of the vuvuzelas disturbed the teams' concentration.

Others watching on television have complained that the ambient audio feed from the stadium only contains the sounds of the vuvuzelas and the natural sounds of people in the stands are drowned out. A spokesperson for the ESPN network said it was taking steps to minimize the noise of the vuvuzelas on its broadcasts. There are some that see their use during the performance of the national anthems as disrespectful. Other critics have also noted that it is seen as disrespectful to be "dismissive of the cultures of the guest team supporters".

During the opening ceremony the announcer had to ask fans using vuvuzelas to be quiet as he could not be heard.

Television viewers in UK are being offered 45 minute mp3 download clips to cancel out the noise of the vuvuzelas during broadcast television matches by means of "active noise control".

#### 對嗚嗚聲喇嘅支持
However other commentators have defended the vuvuzela as being an integral and unique part of South African football culture and say it adds to the atmosphere of the game. BBC sports commentator Farayi Mungazi  said the sound of the horn was the "recognised sound of football in South Africa" and is "absolutely essential for an authentic South African footballing experience". He also said there was no point in taking the world cup to Africa and then "trying to give it a European feel". The *[[Daily Telegraph]]*'s chief sports reporter Paul Kelso described critics of the vuvuzela as "killjoys" and said they should "stop moaning".

In response to the criticism, President of FIFA Sepp Blatter commented, "I have always said that Africa has a different rhythm, a different sound. I don't see banning the music traditions of fans in their own country. Would you want to see a ban on the fan traditions in your country?"

#### 響足球比賽以外嘅使用
Vuvuzelas also began to be blown at other locations, leading to a ban by some shopping centres. Some World Cup football players complained that they were being awoken in their hotel rooms by the instruments. Demand for earplugs to protect from hearing loss during the World Cup outstripped supply, with many pharmacies running out of stock. Neil van Schalkwyk, manufacturer of the plastic vuvuzela, began selling earplugs to fans.

## 參考


## 睇埋
* 馬卡拉帕