open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Immanuel Kant

**Immanuel Kant** (1724 nî 4 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1804 nî 2 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê thiat-ha̍k-ka. I sī Königsberg (hiān-sî Lō͘-se-a ê Kaliningrad) ê lâng, sī Khé-bông Sî-tāi bóe-kî ê tiōng-iàu su-sióng-ka, tī jīn-sek-lūn, chong-kàu, hoat-lu̍t ia̍h le̍k-sú ū chin-chōe gián-kiù. I chú-iàu ê tì-chok ū *[[Sûn-chhùi Lí-sèng Phoe-phòaⁿ]]* (*Kritik der reinen Vernunft*) chham *[[Si̍t-chiān Lí-sèng Phoe-phòaⁿ]]* (*Kritik der praktischen Vernunft*) téng-téng.
Derby

**Derby** (hoat-im: /dˈɑːbɪ/) sī tī England ê East Midlands ê chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī, khò-kīn Derwent Hô, tī Derbyshire ê lâm-hong, 2001 nî ê jîn-kháu ū 233,700.
Morris (ang-á-oē)

thumb|Morris (1971)
**Maurice De Bevere** () sī Belgien ê ang-á-oē-ka. **Morris** sī i ê pit-miâ. *[[Lucky Luke]]* sī i siāng chhut-miâ ê chok-phín.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bān-ōe-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Pe̍k-ní-gī jîn-bu̍t
Germanium

**Germanium** sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, hû-hō sī **Ge**, goân-chú-hoan 32, sio̍k thòaⁿ-sò͘ cho̍k, sī kim-ku̍t, tēng-ngē ê lūi-kim-sio̍k, chham silicon ia̍h siah ū lūi-sū ê hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit. Germanium ê hoat-hiān-chiá sī Clemens Winkler, i hoat-hiān Germanium ê sèng-chit chham Dmitri Mendeleev chìn-chêng ū-chhek ê "**ekasilicon**" sio-siâng, jî-chhiáⁿ iōng i kok-ka ê miâ "german-" (Tek-kok) kā sin hoat-hiān ê goân-sò͘ hō miâ. Tī chū-jiân-kài, germanium tiāⁿ chhut-hiān tī iú-ki kim-sio̍k hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t lāi-bīn. Tī kang-gia̍p èng-iōng hong-bīn, sī chè-chō pòaⁿ-tō-thé ê gôan-liāu chi it.

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘
Ronaldo

**Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima** () sī Pa-se ê kha-kiû soán-chhiú. I chhut-sì tī Rio de Janeiro, chit-má sī Campeonato Brasileiro ê Corinthians ê kiû-oân. Ronaldo iâⁿ koè 2-kái Ballon d'Or (1997 kap 2002), jî-chhiáⁿ ū 3-nî hông soán chò sī FIFA siāng chhut-kioh ê soán-chhiú. Kan-taⁿ Zinedine Zidane kap i kāng-khoán bat iâⁿ-koè 3-piàn.
Scooby-Doo

***Scooby-Doo*** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-chhut bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p.  Bat poaⁿ-koè kúi-nā-ê pán-pún.  Thâu-1-ê pán-pún hō-chò *Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!*, tī 1969 nî khai-sí.  Kò͘-sū sī teh biâu-siá 4-ê siàu-liân-lâng kap 1-chiah ē-hiáu kóng-oē ê káu-á tú-tio̍h chhiūⁿ mô͘-sîn-á ia̍h koài-bu̍t ê chi̍t-koá khoàⁿ--khí-lâi chhiau-chū-jiân ê tāi-chì, m̄-koh ta̍k-pái boé-á lóng hoat-kiàn sī pháiⁿ-lâng ké-chò--ê, chiūⁿ-á thuh-phoà chi̍t-ê phiàn-kio̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok bûn-hòa
Ke-sò͘

**Ke-sò͘** (珪素/硅素; hû-hō: **Si**; La-teng-gí *Silicium*; Eng-gí: *silicon*), ia̍h hō chò **sia̍k** (矽), mā thang kóng **Si-lí-khóng**, sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan 14, sio̍k thòaⁿ-sò͘ cho̍k, sī 4-kè ê lūi-kim-sio̍k. Tī Tē-kiû ê tē-khak, silicium tē-jī chè ê goân-sò͘, it-poaⁿ ē chham sàng-sò͘ ha̍p-chò SiO<sub>2</sub>. Tī kang-gia̍p èng-iōng hong-bīn, silicium sī chè-chō pòaⁿ-tō-thé ê chú-iàu gôan-liāu.

## Siong-koan
* Si-lí-khóng, chi̍t lūi ke-sò͘ hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Ke-sò͘
Antimon

**Antimon**, Eng-gí hō **antimony**, Latin hō-miâ ***Stibium***, sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, hû-hō sī **Sb**, goân-chú-hoan 51. 

Antimon sī chi̍t khoán lūi-kim-sio̍k, ū 4-chióng tông-sò͘-ì-hêng-thé (allotropic form), hun nâ-pe̍h-sek, n̂g-sek kap o͘-sek.

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘
Magnesium

**Magnesium**, ia̍h-sī kiò chò **khó͘-thó͘** (苦土), sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, hû-hō sī **Mg**, goân-chú-hoan 12, sio̍k tē-jī cho̍k, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī alkali-thô͘ kim-sio̍k (*alkaline earth metal*).

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Kim-sio̍k
Hyderabad

**Hyderabad** (Telugu-gí: హైదరాబాద్; Urdu-gí: حیدراباد) sī Ìn-tō͘ ê chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī, Telangana pang ê siú-to͘, jîn-kháu tāi-io̍k 540 bān, to͘-hōe jîn-kháu 959 bān. Éng-pái mā-sī Hyderabad Phoan-ông-kok (Eng-gí: *Hyderabad State*) kap Andhra Pradesh ê siú-to͘.

## Keng-chè
Hyderabad sī Ìn-tō͘ chú-iàu ê 1 ê chu-sìn kho-ki (IT) tiong-sim.
Iân

**Iân** (鉛), ia̍h **o͘-iân** (烏鉛), sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, Latin-bûn hō **plumbum**, Eng-gí hō **lead**, hû-hō sī **Pb**, goân-chú-hoan 82, sio̍k thòaⁿ-sò͘ cho̍k, sī chi̍t khoán kim-sio̍k.

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘
Fields Chióng

**Fields Chióng** sī Kok-chè Sò͘-ha̍k Liân-bêng ê chi̍t-ê chióng, múi 4-tang tī Kok-chè Sò͘-ha̍k Hoē-gī pan hō͘ 2-ê kàu 4-ê chhut-kioh jî-chhiáⁿ iah-bô 40-hoè ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Hoat-khí-jîn sī Kha-ná-tah ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka John Charles Fields.

## Tio̍h-chióng miâ-toaⁿ

## Chham-khó chu-liāu


Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k
Linus Pauling

thumb|Linus Pauling

**Linus Carl Pauling** () sī Bí-kok ê seng-hòa-ha̍k-ka ia̍h hô-pêng o̍ah-tāng-chiá. I tùi liōng-chú hòa-ha̍k, hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ia̍h i-ha̍k lóng-ū gián-kiù, chhin-chhiūⁿ gôan-chú kúi-he̍k ê hūn-sêng, tàn-pe̍k-chit ê kò͘-chō, ia̍h-sī vitamin C ê hāu-iōng téng-téng, sī 1954 nî Nobel Hòa-ha̍k Chióng kap 1962 nî Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng ê ti̍t-chióng-jîn.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-hoà-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok kho-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
Erwin Schrödinger

**Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger** () sī Ò-tē-lī ê lí-lūn bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka, 1933 nî Nobel Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng ê ti̍t-chióng-jîn. Ū-miâ ê gián-kiù ū liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k ê Schrödinger hong-thêng, ia̍h su-khó si̍t-giām Schrödinger ê niau téng-téng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Sigmund Freud

**Sigmund Freud** (1856 nî 5 goe̍h 6 ji̍t - 1939 nî 9 goe̍h 23 ji̍t), chhut-sì-miâ **Sigismund Schlomo Freud**, sī Tang-kok ê cheng-sîn-pēⁿ-ha̍k-ka, sī sim-lí-ha̍k ê cheng-sîn-hun-sek ha̍k-phài chhòng-sí-jîn. I kì-lo̍k hōan-chiá chòe tī-liâu ê kòe-têng, jî-chhiáⁿ chòe hun-sek. I mā thê-chhut chin-chòe iú-koan hā-ì-sek, sèng-io̍k, bîn-bāng ê lí-lūn. 

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Sim-lí-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:I-seng
Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī jîn-bu̍t
Ji̍t-pún bàng-gah

:*Bún-bûn chí Ji̍t-pún ê [[ang-á-oē]]. Iú-koan 0[[tōng-oē]], chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ [[Ji̍t-pún tōng-oē]]*

**[[Ji̍t-pún]] ê bàng-gah**(-gà), a̍h-sī **Ji̍t-pún ê ang-á-chheh**, tī thong-sè-kài mā kiò "**manga**" (Ji̍t-gí: ), ū chin-choē tī chôan-sè-kài hoat-hêng ê chok-phín.

## Siong-koan hāng-bo̍k
* Ji̍t-pún tōng-oē
* Hiong-káng bàng-gah
* Tâi-oân bàng-gah
* Hân-kok bàng-gah

Lūi-pia̍t:Ang-á-ōe
Lūi-pia̍t:Tāi-chiòng bûn-hoà
Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún bàng-gah
Thài-khong

**Thài-khong** sī ú-tiū tiong thian-thé tāi-khì-chân goā-kháu ê khong-kan. Tī thài-khong tiong chú-iàu chûn-chāi ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê kē-bi̍t-tō͘ ê lia̍p-chú iû-kî sī chúi-sò͘ kap helium ê tiān-lî-thé (plasma).
Situ Gintung

**Situ Gintung** (Sunda-gí *Gintung Ô͘*) sī Ìn-nî ê chi̍t-ê chúi-khò͘, tiàm-tī siú-to͘ Jakarta ê sai-lâm-pêng.  2009 nî 3 goe̍h 27 thàu-chá 2-tiám ê sî-chūn, in-ūi chêng chi̍t-àm lo̍h-toā-hō͘ chúi-khò͘ chúi siuⁿ chē, chúi-pà tòng-bē-tiâu soah pang--khì, chō-sêng piⁿ-á ê chng-thâu im toā-chuí, chì-chió 99-ê lâng sí-bông.
Ludwig 2-sè (Bayern)

Bayern ê **Ludwig 2-sè** (1845 nî 8 goe̍h 25 ji̍t - 1886 nî 6 goe̍h 13 ji̍t), ia̍h **Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm**, sī Bayern Ông-kok (*Königreich Bayern*) ê kok-ông, 1864 nî kàu 1886 nî chāi-ūi. I ū "Tông-ōe Kok-ông" (*Märchenkönig*) ê chheng-hō. Linderhof, Neuschwanstein kap Herrenchiemsee sī i só͘ hā-lēng kiàn-siat ê siâⁿ-pó kap kiong-tiān.
Castle

Eng-gí ê ***castle*** (óa-im : "khá-so͘h"), thang hoan-e̍k chò **[[siâⁿ]]** (城), sī chi̍t-khoán kiàn-tio̍k, sī Tiong-sè-kí ê hông-gī siat-si. Chá-kî ê siâⁿ tāi-iok tī 9 sè-kí chhut-hiān. Tī hóe-io̍h kap hóe-phàu hoat-tián khí-lâi liáu-āu, siâⁿ-pó chiām-chiām hō iàu-sài thè-ōaⁿ khì. 

Ji̍t-pún-sek ê siâⁿ hō-chò "siro" (, ); Lō͘-se-a-sek hō-chò "kreml" ().

## Tēng-gī
### Gí-goân
Eng-gí ê *castle* chit jī, lâi-goân sī Latin tan-jī *castellum*, hit jī koh sī *castrum* ê kiám-chió-sek (*diminutive*), ì-sù sī an-chē ê só͘-chāi. Kó͘ Eng-gí ê *castel*, Kó͘ Hoat-gí ê *castel* ia̍h *chastel*, Hoat-gí ê *[[château]]*, Se-pan-gâ-gí ê *castillo*, I-ta-lí-a-gí ê *castello*, kap chi̍t kóa kî-tha giân-gí ê tan-jī, mā sī tùi *castellum* thoân--kòe. *Castle* chit jī, tī Norman Cheng-ho̍k liáu-āu bô lōa-kú thoân ji̍p khì Eng-gí, pián-sī chit-má kóng chit khoán kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, he tī hit chūn ê Eng-lân koh sī sin mi̍h-kiāⁿ.

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Siâⁿ
Grigorij Perel'man

**Grigorij Jakovlevič Perel'man** (, ) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi kí-hô-ha̍k kap topo-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 2006 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng, m̄-koh bô chiap-siū. Ti 2010 nî oan-nā tit-tio̍h Millenium Chióng.

Perel'man tī 2002–2003 nî hoat-piáu chèng-bêng Poincaré chhai-chhek ê tāi-kong.
Andrej Okun'kov

**Andrej Jur'evič Okun'kov** (, ) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka, tī Bo̍k-su-kho chhut-sì. Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù piáu-sī-lūn, ki-lu̍t-lūn, kap tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k. I tī 2006 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Terence Tao

**Terence Chi-Shen Tao** (Hàn-miâ: 陶哲轩, ), tī Adelaide chhut-sì, sī Ò-chiu ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù Fourier hun-sek, cho͘-ha̍p sò͘-ha̍k, kap piáu-sī-lūn, téng-téng.  I tī 2006 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-chiu jîn-bu̍t
Wendelin Werner

**Wendelin Werner** () sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù ki-lu̍t-lūn kap sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k.  I tī 2006 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Siang-siⁿ sò͘-sò͘

Chi̍t-ê sò͘-sò͘ nā kap lēng-goā chi̍t-ê sò͘-sò͘ chi-kan siong-chha 2, tio̍h hō-chò **siang-siⁿ sò͘-sò͘**. Phì-jû-kóng, 3 kap 5 tio̍h-sī siang-siⁿ sò͘-sò͘.

Sò͘-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi ū bû-hān chē ê siang-siⁿ sò͘-sò͘ tī--leh, che tio̍h-sī siang-siⁿ sò͘-sò͘ chhai-chhek. M̄-koh kàu-taⁿ iáu bô lâng ē-tàng chèng-bêng.
Chhiu Kín

**Chhiu Kín** (秋瑾; 1875 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t - 1907 nî 7 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) sī Tiong-kok Ē-mn̂g chhut-sì ê hóan Chheng kek-bēng-ka, tông-bêng-hōe ê sêng-ôan. I tī Ji̍t-pún liû-ha̍k, jî-chhiáⁿ chham-ka kek-bēng o̍ah-tāng. I bóe-āu khì hō koaⁿ-hú chhú chàm-hêng.
Vladimir Voevodskij

thumb|220px|Vladimir Voevodsky
**Vladimir Vladislavovič Voevodskij** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Владимир Владиславович Воеводский, ) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k kap topo-ha̍k. I tī 2002 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Lō͘-se-a jîn-bu̍t
Curtis T. McMullen

**Curtis Tracy McMullen** (1958 nî 5 goe̍h 21 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Hiān-chú-sî sī Harvard Tāi-ha̍k ê sò͘-ha̍k kàu-siū. Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù ho̍k-cha̍p tōng-thài hē-thóng. I tī 1998 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Maxim Kontsevich

**Maxim Lvovich Kontsevich** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Максим Львович Концевич, 1964 nî 8 goe̍h 25 chhut-sì) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k. I tī 1998 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Timothy Gowers

**William Timothy Gowers** (1963 nî 11 goe̍h 20 tī Wiltshire chhut-sì) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù hâm-sò͘ hun-sek kap cho͘-ha̍p sò͘-ha̍k.  I tī 1998 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Richard Borcherds

**Richard Ewen Borcherds** (1959 nî 11 goe̍h 29 chhut-sì) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù sò͘-lūn kap kûn-lūn.  I tī 1998 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Pang-kiô-khu

**Pang-kiô-Khu** (Hàn-jī: 枋橋區, koaⁿ-hong hôa-gí miâ hō-chò "板橋") sī Sin-pak-chhī ê chi̍t-ê khu. Sin-pak-chhī ê hêng-chèng tiong-sim siat tiàm chiā. Pang-kiô tī Chheng-niá sî-tāi tō í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe sai Tâi-pak ê tiōng-iàu siong-gia̍p chū-chi̍p-tē, hoat-tián le̍k-sú chiâⁿ chá. Pang-kiô ê Lîm-ka Hoe-hn̂g (Lim Pún-goân Oân-tí, 林本源園邸) sī kéng-lāi chhut-miâ ê kó͘-chek.

Tī Ji̍t-pún Sî-tāi, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú kā goân-pún ē "Pang-kiô" kái chò Ji̍t-pún tē-hō-miâ "Pán-kiô (Ji̍t-gí:  / Itabashi)", chiàn-āu Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú mah tòe Ji̍t-pún kiò i "Pán-kiô (Hôa-gí:  / Bǎn-qiáo) ", m̄-koh Tâi-gí kàu taⁿ lóng sī kiò i "Pang-kiô (枋橋)".

Hêng-chèng-khu-ōe pun chòe 126 ê lí, 2515 ê lîn, jîn-kháu kàu-tī 55.7 bān lâng, bi̍t-tō͘ tāi-iok 2.41 bān lâng/km², sī Sin-pak-chhī jîn-kháu-só͘ siāng chōe, bi̍t-tō͘ tē saⁿ koân ê tē-khu.
Laurent Lafforgue

**Laurent Lafforgue** (1966 nî 11 goe̍h 6 tī Antony chhut-sì) sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù sò͘-lūn kap tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k.  I tī 2002 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Efim Zel'manov

**Efim Isaakovič Zel'manov** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Ефим Исаакович Зельманов, 1955 nî 9 goe̍h 7 tī Khabarovsk chhut-sì) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù thiu-siōng tāi-sò͘ kap kûn-lūn.  I tī 1994 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Jean-Christophe Yoccoz

**Jean-Christophe Yoccoz** (1957 nî 5 goe̍h 29 chhut-sì) sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù tōng-thài hē-thóng.  I tī 1994 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Pierre-Louis Lions

**Pierre-Louis Lions** (1956 nî 8 goe̍h 11 chhut-sì) sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù hui-soàⁿ-sèng phian bî-hun hong-têng.  I tī 1994 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Jean Bourgain

**Jean Bourgain** (1954 nî 2 goe̍h 28 tī Oostende chhut-sì) sī Belgien ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù sò͘-ha̍k hun-sek.  I tī 1994 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Pe̍k-ní-gī jîn-bu̍t
Edward Witten

**Edward Witten** () sī Bí-kok ê lí-lūn bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka. In-ūi i ê gián-kiù tùi sò͘-ha̍k ê hoat-tián éng-hióng chiâⁿ toā, i tī 1990 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Vladimir Drinfel'd

**Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfel'd** () sī Ukraina ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k kap sò͘-lūn.  I tī 1990 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Àm-o͘ bu̍t-chit

Tī thian-bûn-ha̍k kap ú-tiū-ha̍k, **àm-o͘ bu̍t-chit** (dark matter) chí 1 chióng ká-soeh (hypothetical) ê bu̍t-chit, iōng lâi kái-soeh khoàⁿ-ū bu̍t-chit (visible matter) só͘ piáu-hiān--chhut-lâi ê tāng-la̍t hiān-siōng, pau-koat gîn-hô/gîn-hô-thoân (galaxy cluster) tńg-se̍h ê sok-tō͘, gîn-hô-thoân sán-seng ê tāng-le̍k thàu-kiàⁿ (gravitational lens) hiān-siōng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k bī kái-koat ê būn-tê
Raúl Castro

縮圖|Castro (2015)

**Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz** (1931 nî 6 goe̍h 3—), 2008 nî soà-chiap Fidel Castro, tam-jīm Cuba ê chóng-thóng. I sī Fidel ê sió-tī.

Lūi-pia̍t:Cuba Chóng-thóng
Cuba Kiōng-sán Tóng

**Cuba Kiōng-sán Tóng** (*Partido Comunista de Cuba*, PCC), Cuba kek-bēng kàu taⁿ ê chip-chèng-tóng. 1961 nî cho͘-tóng, chêng-kàu-taⁿ ê thâu-lâng sī Fidel Castro.

Castro chhoā-thâu ê kek-bēng-kun tī 1959 nî ián-tó Bí-kok thīn--ê Batista to̍k-chhâi chèng-koân. Castro tùi 1965 nî tam-jīm chhím sêng-li̍p ê Cuba Kiōng-sán-tóng ê Tē-it Pì-su, liáu-āu khai-sí kā Cuba kiàn-siat chò 1 ê siā-hoē-chú-gī kiōng-hô-kok.
Hanada Syônen Si

***Hoa-tiân Siàu-liân Sú*** (Ji̍t-gí: 花田少年史, ***Hanada Shonen Si***) sī Issiki Makoto (一色 まこと) chhòng-chok ê Ji̍t-pún bàng-gah hē-lia̍t, kò͘-sū chú-iàu ê kioh-siàu sī 1-ê káu-koài ê sè-hàn cha-po͘ gín-á hō chò Hoa-tiân It-lō͘ (Hanada Itiro). I in-ūi chhia-hō soah tit tio̍h thong-lêng ê chhiau-lêng-le̍k. *Hoa-Tiân Siàu-liân Sú* ùi 1993 nî chì 1995 nî tī *Mr. Magazine* (ミスターマガジン) hoat-piáu, 1995 nî ti̍t-tio̍h Kôdan-siā Báng-gah Sióng (講談社漫画賞，こうだんしゃまんがしょう) ê chióng.

2002 nî kái-pian chò 25-chhut ê tiān-sī bàng-gah. Tī Tâi-oân pò-chhut ê pán-pún ū Hoâ-gí, Tâi-gí, Kheh-gí.
I. M. Pei

**Ieoh Ming Pei** (1917 nî 4 goe̍h 26 ji̍t -2019 nî 5 goe̍h 15 ji̍t ), ia̍h **Poe U̍t-bêng** (貝聿銘, Kńg-tang-oē: bui3 jyut6 ming3) sī Kńg-chiu chhut-sì ê Bí-kok kiàn-tio̍k-su, sī hiān-tāi-chú-gī hong-keh ê tiōng-iàu jîn-bu̍t. Pei Cobb Freed & Partners sī I kap chi̍t-kóa kiàn-tio̍k-su ê cho͘-ha̍p.
Mori Sigehumi

**Mori Sigehumi** (; ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k. I tī 1990 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Vaughan Jones

**Vaughan Jones** () sī Sin Jia̍t-lân-jia ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Chú-iàu teh gián-kiù von Neumann tāi-sò͘, kat lí-lūn, kap liōng-chú tiûⁿ lí-lūn.  I tī 1990 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Chinggis Khan

**Chinggis Khan** (Bông-kó͘-gí: ; Hàn-bûn: **Sêng-kiat-su-hān** 成吉思汗; ), sī Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok ê thâu-chi̍t-ê khó-hān, mā-sī Goân-tiâu ê **Goân Thài-chó͘** (元太祖). Chinggis Khaan ê sèⁿ sī Borjigin, chhut-sí-miâ sī "**Temujin**" ().
Akihito

sī Ji̍t-pún tē-125-tāi ê thian-hông. I sī Syôwa Thian-hông chham Hiong-sûn Hông-hiō (香淳皇后, *Kōjun-kōgō*) ê hāu-seⁿ. 1989 nî 1 goe̍h 7 ji̍t kàu 2019 nî 4 goe̍h 30 ji̍t chāi-ūi. Nî-hō sī .
Toān Kî-sūi

**Tōan Kî-sūi** (段祺瑞; ) sī Tiong-kok ê chèng-tī-ka kiam kun-ho̍at, ū chò kòe Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê kok-bū chóng-lí, chham-bô͘ chóng-tiúⁿ, lîm-sî chip-chèng téng-téng. I tī An-hui-séng ê Ha̍p-pûi chhut-sì, tī Siōng-hái kòe-sin.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok jîn-bu̍t (1912–1949 nî)
Lí Hông-chiong

**Lí Hông-chiong** (李鴻章; ) sī Tiong-kok Chheng-tiâu bóe-kî ê chi̍t-ê tāi-sîn, sī iûⁿ-bū ūn-tōng ê chhiòng-tō-jîn, mā-sī tiōng-iàu ê kun-tūi léng-tō-chiá kap gōa-kau-koaⁿ. I tī An-hui ê Ha̍p-pûi chhut-sì, tī Pak-kiaⁿ kòe-sin.
Chiau-hô Thian-hông

, chāi-siⁿ sî-chūn hō **Hirohito** (), sī Ji̍t-pún tē-124-tāi ê thian-hông, chāi-ūi kî-kan sī 1926 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t kàu 1989 nî 1 goe̍h 7 ji̍t. Tû-liáu sîn-ōe thôan-soat ê í-gōa, Chiau-hô Thian-hông sī le̍k-sú-siōng chāi-ūi siōng-kú, siōng tn̂g-hòe-siū ê thian-hông.
Lêng-sng sûn-khoân

**Lêng-sng sûn-khôan** (Eng-gí: *citric acid cycle*), mā-hō **sam-thòaⁿ-sng sng sûn-khôan** (*tricarboxylic acid cycle*) ia̍h **Krebs sûn-khôan**, sī kàⁿ-sò͘ chhui-hòa ê chi̍t thò hoà-ha̍k hóan-èng, sī sè-pau ho͘-khip ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, lêng-sng sī kî-tiong chi̍t-ê chú-iàu ê tiong-kan sán-bu̍t. Tùi chin-he̍k seng-bu̍t lâi-kóng, lêng-sng sûn-khôan sī hoat-seng tī soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé lāi-bīn.

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* An animation of the citric acid cycle at Smith College
* Citric acid cycle variants at MetaCyc
* Pathways connected to the citric acid cycle  at Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
* ''metpath'': Interactive representation of the citric acid cycle 

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-hòa-ha̍k
México Chhī

**México Chhī** (; Nahuatl-gí: ) sī Be̍k-se-ko ê siú-to͘, sī hit kok ê keng-chè kap bûn-hòa tiong-sim, mā-sī jîn-kháu tē-it chē ê siâⁿ-chhī, tī chhī-khu lāi ū 883 bān lâng, to͘-hōe-khu jîn-kháu ū 2200 bān. México Chhī chit-ê só͘-chāi, tī kó͘-chá sī Nahua-lâng (Aztec ê chi̍t cho̍k) ê siâⁿ-chhī Tenochtitlan.
The Lancet

***The Lancet*** sī ͘chi̍t-pō i-ha̍k kî-khan, sī Elsevier chhut-pán ê tông-hâng sím-cha khan-bu̍t, tī 1823 nî chhòng-pān, sú-iōng Eng-gí.
Cell

***Cell*** sī ͘chi̍t-pō seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kî-khan, sī sio̍k Elsevier ê Cell Press chhut-pán ê tông-hâng sím-cha khan-bu̍t, sú-iōng Eng-gí.
Tiong-se-khu (Hiong-káng)

**Tiong-se-khu** (Hàn-jī: 中西區; Eng-gí: *Central and Western District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, tī Hiong-káng-tó ê pak-bīn. Tiong-se-khu sī siong-gia̍p tiong-sim Tiong-khôan (中環) ê só͘-chāi-tē.
Tang-khu (Hiong-káng)

**Tang-khu** (Hàn-jī: 東區; Eng-gí: *Eastern District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, tī Hiong-káng-tó ê pak-bīn. Tang-khu tī 2001 nî ê jîn-kháu ū tāi-iok 61 bān, sī Hiong-káng tē-jī-chē lâng ê hun-khu.
Tāi-chèng Thian-hông

, chāi-siⁿ sî-chūn hō **Yosihito** (), sī Ji̍t-pún tē-123-tāi ê thian-hông, chāi-ūi kî-kan sī 1912 nî 7 goe̍h 30 ji̍t kàu 1926 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t.
Sè-pau-hu̍t

**Sè-pau-hu̍t** (Eng-gí: *cell nucleus*) sī chin-he̍k sè-pau lāi-bīn chi̍t-khoán hō͘ mo̍͘h pau-ûi khí-lâi ê pau-khì (*organelle*), sī sè-pau lāi-bīn tōa-pō͘-hūn ûi-thôan bu̍t-chit só͘ pó-chûn ê só͘-chāi.
Oan-á-khu

**Oan-á-khu** (Hàn-jī: 灣仔區; Eng-gí: *Wan Chai District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, tī Hiong-káng-tó ê pak-bīn. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 15 bān.
Lâm-khu (Hiong-káng)

**Lâm-khu** (Hàn-jī: 南區; Eng-gí: *Southern District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, tī Hiong-káng-tó ê lâm-bīn. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 27.5 bān.
Troia

**Troia** (Hi-lia̍p-gí: *Τροία*; Latin-gí: *Trōia*), sī Homeros ê *[[Ilias]]* lāi-bīn biâu-su̍t ê Troia Chiàn-cheng hoat-seng ê só͘-chāi, tī kin-á-jit Thó͘-ní-kî ê Çanakkale-séng. Troia ê ûi-jiah, sī Heinrich Schliemann tī 1870 nî-tāi só͘ hoat-hiān, 1998 nî hō͘ sóan-chòe UNESCO Sè-kài Ûi-sán.
Lâm-khu

**Lâm-khu** khó-lêng sī ē-bīn ê tē-hō-miâ:

* Tâi-oân
** Lâm-khu (Tâi-tiong-chhī): Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī ê chhī-hat-khu
** Lâm-khu (Tâi-lâm-chhī): Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī ê chhī-hat-khu
* Hiong-káng
** Lâm-khu (Hiong-káng): Hiong-káng Cha̍p-peh-khu chi-it, ūi-tī Hiong-káng-tó lâm-pō͘.
* Tiong-kok
** Lâm-khu (Tiong-san-chhī): Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng Tiong-san-chhī ê ke-tō.

## Chham-khó
* Ji̍t-gí ê Minami-ku ().
* Hân-gí ê Nam-gu ().
Kiú-liông-siâⁿ-khu

**Kiú-liông-siâⁿ-khu** (Hàn-jī: 九龍城區; Eng-gí: *Kowloon City District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, tī Kiú-liông ê lâm-bīn hái-hōaⁿ, Victoria-káng ê pak-pêng. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 36 bān.
Koan-tông-khu

**Koan-tông-khu** (Hàn-jī: 觀塘區; Eng-gí: *Kwun Tong*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, tī Kiú-liông ê hái-hōaⁿ. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 58.7 bān.
Chhim-chúi-po͘-khu

**Chhim-chúi-po͘-khu** (Hàn-jī: 深水埗區; Eng-gí: *Sham Shui Po District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, sio̍k Kiú-liông. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 36.5 bān.
Pelé

**Pelé** () pún-miâ **Edson Arantes do Nascimento**, sī Pa-se ê kha-kiû soán-chhiú. Pelé tī 1958 nî, 1962 nî kap 1970 nî 3-kài pang-chān Pa-se kok-ka kha-kiû tūi tī Sè-kài-poe the̍h-tio̍h koan-kun, sī le̍k-sú-siōng ûi-it 1-ê bat iâⁿ koè 3-pái sè-kài-poe ê soán-chhiú.
Michael Freedman

**Michael Hartley Freedman** (1951 nî 4 goe̍h 21 tī Los Angeles chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  I chit-má tī Microsoft Station Q, chú-iàu teh gián-kiù liōng-chú kè-sǹg kap topo-ha̍k.  In-ūi i tùi Poincaré chhai-chhek ê gián-kiù ū toā kòng-hiàn, tī 1986 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Kiú-liông

Kiú-liông (hàn-jī: 九龍) sī Hiong-káng ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, chham Hiong-káng-tó sio-keh Victoria-káng. Kiú-liông hun 4-ê hêng-chèng-khu, Kiú-liông-siâⁿ-khu, Koan-tông-khu, Chhim-chúi-pō͘-khu, Hông-tāi-sian-khu kap Iû-chiam-ōng-khu.
Hoan-e̍k (seng-bu̍t-ha̍k)

**Hoan-e̍k** (eng. *translation*; ji̍t. 翻訳), mā hoan-e̍k chòe **choán-e̍k**, sī tàn-pe̍k-chit ha̍p-sêng ê pō͘-sò͘ chit it. Hoan-e̍k sī kun-kù mRNA ê pian-bé (iâm-ki ê sū-lia̍t), lī-iōng an-ki-sng lâi ha̍p-sêng tàn-pe̍k-chit. Ribosome sī hoan-e̍k chìn-hêng ê só͘-chāi. Hoan-e̍k ê kòe-têng ē-tàng hun khí-sú (*initiation*), iân-tn̂g (*elongation*) kap chiong-chí (*termination*).
Tyôsyû-phoan

**Tyôsyû-phoan** (, , ISO 3602: Tyôsyû-han) sī Ji̍t-pún tī Edo bakuhu sî-tāi ê chi̍t-ê han, thóng-léng Nagato kok () kap Suô kok (), han-chú sī Môri sī. Tyôsyû-han tī Bakumatu sî-kî chham Satuma-han () sī Tôbaku ūn-tōng ê chú-le̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú
Hoeh-kńg

**Hoeh-kńg** sī sûn-khoân hē-thóng ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, chú-iàu koh hun 3-ê pō͘-hūn: kā hoeh-e̍k tùi sim-chōng hiòng-gōa ūn-su ê tōng-me̍h; hiòng sim-chōng ūn-su ê chēng-me̍h; kho-ū hoat-seng bu̍t-chit kau-ōaⁿ ê bî-hoeh-kńg.
Satuma-hoan

sī Ji̍t-pún tī Edo sî-tāi ê chi̍t-ê hoan, thóng-léng Satuma-kok kap Oosumi-kok, phoan-chú sī Simazu--sī. Satuma-hoan tī Bakumatu sî-kî chham Tyôsyû-phoan sī Tôbaku ūn-tōng ê chú-le̍k.

## Hoan-léng
## [[Daimyô]]
 **[[Simazu--sī]]** (; 1602 nî - 1871 nî)

## Siong-koan

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Satuma-hoan
Edo sî-tāi

**Edo sî-tāi** (), iū-koh hō-chòe **Tokugawa sî-tāi** (), sī chi̍t-ê iû Tokugawa bō͘-hú thóng-tī ê Ji̍t-pún le̍k-sú sî-tāi. Ùi Khèng-tiông 8 nî (1603 nî) khai-sí, Tokugawa Ieyasu chiâⁿ-chòe cheng-î tāi-chiong-kun, tī Kang-hō͘ siat-li̍p bō͘-hú; Khèng-èng 3 nî (1867 nî), Tokugawa Yoshinobu tāi-chèng hōng-hôan liáu-āu kiat-sok, chêng-āu lóng-chóng thóng-tī Ji̍t-pún 264 nî.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Edo sî-tāi
Nokia

thumb|Nokia
**Nokia** sī Suomi chi̍t-keng chè-chō thong-sìn sán-phín ê kong-si, chóng-pō͘ tī Espoo. Nokia hiān-chú-sî sī thong sè-kài siāng toā-keng ê hêng-tōng tiān-oē chè-chō kong-si.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hun-lân ê kong-si
Gerd Faltings

**Gerd Faltings** (1954 nî 7 goe̍h 28 tī Gelsenkirchen-Buer chhut-sì) sī Tek-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I in-ūi chèng-bêng Mordell chhai-chhek, tī 1986 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Simon Donaldson

**Simon Kirwan Donaldson** (1957 nî 8 goe̍h 20 tī Cambridge chhut-sì) sī Eng-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k kap bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1986 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
Khu Sêng-tông

**Khu Sêng-tông** (丘成桐, , ) sī chi̍t ê Bí-kok sò͘-ha̍k-ka, i tī  Tiong-kok chhut-sì. Tùi bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1982 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
William Thurston

**William Paul Thurston** (1946 nî 10 goe̍h 30 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Sī kē-chhù-goân topo-ha̍k ê sian-hêng-chiá.  I tī 1982 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Alain Connes

**Alain Connes** (1947 nî 4 goe̍h 1 chhut-sì) sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi von Neumann tāi-sò͘ ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1982 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Daniel Quillen

**Daniel Gray ("Dan") Quillen** (1940 nî 6 goe̍h 22 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi tāi-sò͘ topo-ha̍k kap K lí-lūn ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1978 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Grigorij Aleksandrovič Margulis

**Grigorij Aleksandrovič Margulis** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Григорий Александрович Маргулис, 1946 nî 2 goe̍h 24 chhut-sì) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi Lie kûn ê lī-sàn pō͘-hūn kûn (discrete subgroup) ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1978 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Charles Fefferman

**Charles Louis Fefferman** (1949 nî 4 goe̍h 18 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi sò͘-ha̍k hun-sek ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1978 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Pierre Deligne

**Pierre René Deligne** (1944 nî 10 goe̍h 3 chhut-sì) sī Belgien ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi Weil chhai-chhek ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1978 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Pe̍k-ní-gī jîn-bu̍t
David Mumford

**David Bryant Mumford** (1937 nî 6 goe̍h 11 chhut-sì) sī chi̍t-ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1974 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Enrico Bombieri

**Enrico Bombieri** (1940 nî 11 goe̍h 26 tī Milan chhut-sì) sī Italia ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi sò͘-lūn, tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k, kap sò͘-ha̍k hun-sek ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1974 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
John G. Thompson

**John Griggs Thompson** (1932 nî 10 goe̍h 13 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi iú-hān kûn (finite groups) ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1970 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Sergej Petrovič Novikov

**Sergej Petrovič Novikov** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Сергей Петрович Новиков, 1938 nî 3 goe̍h 20 chhut-sì) sī Lō͘-se-a ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi tāi-sò͘ topo-ha̍k kap sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1970 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Hironaka Heisuke

縮圖|Heisuke Hironaka
**Hironaka Heisuke** (, ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1970 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Alan Baker

**Alan Baker** (1939 nî 8 goe̍h 19 tī London chhut-sì) sī Eng-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi sò͘-lūn ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1970 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
Liân-ha̍p Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe

**Liân-ha̍p Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe** (Eng-gú: *United Reformed Church*) sī tī Britain ê Ki-tok-kàu kàu-phài. Liân-ha̍p Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe sī tī Eng-tē ê Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe kap tī Eng-tē kap Cymru ê  Kong-lí-hōe tī 1972 nî ha̍p-pèng lâi sêng-li̍p--ê.  Chit-ê kàu-hōe ū 75000 ê hōe-ôan, 1600 keng kàu-hōe. Liân-ha̍p Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe sìn-gióng Sam-ūi-it-thé ê Siōng-chú; sîn-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘ sī Calvin-chú-gī. Chèng-thé sī tiúⁿ-ló-hōe chham kong-lí-hōe ê thôan-thóng. Liân-ha̍p Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe sī chin-chōe Ki-tok-kàu phó͘-sè hia̍p-hōe ê sêng-ôan. 

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
*Liân-ha̍p Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe
Stephen Smale

**Stephen Smale** (1930 nî 7 goe̍h 15 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi bî-hun topo-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1966 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Alexander Grothendieck

**Alexander Grothendieck** (1928 nî 3 goe̍h 28 tī Berlin chhut-sì) sī chi̍t-ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1966 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Michael Atiyah

**Michael Francis Atiyah** (1929 nî 4 goe̍h 22 tī Berlin chhut-sì) sī Eng-tē ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k kap topo-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1966 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
John Milnor

**John Willard Milnor** (1931 nî 2 goe̍h 20 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi bî-hun topo-ha̍k, K lí-lūn kap tōng-thài hē-thóng ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1962 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Lars Hörmander

**Lars Valter Hörmander** (1931 nî 1 goe̍h 24 tī Mjällby chhut-sì) sī Sverige ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi phian bî-hun hong-têng ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1962 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Tokugawa Ieyasu

sī Ji̍t-pún tī Sengoku sî-tāi ê bú-chiong, ia̍h-sī Edo bō͘-hú ê tē-it tāi Seii Taisyôgun (). I pún-lâi ê sèⁿ sī Huziwara ().
Kilil bûn-jī

**Kiril bûn-jī** (Kyril jī) sī chi̍t-cho͘ bûn-jī hē-thóng. Kyrillos kā Methodios ê tē-chú tī se-goân 9 sè-kí ê sî-chūn hoat-bêng. Hiān-chú-sî sú-iōng ê gí-giân ū Slav gí-giân ê Bulgaria-gí, Lō͘-se-a-gí, Belarus-gí, Srbija-gí kap Makedonija-gí. Mā ū bô sio̍k Slav gí-giân ê pa̍t-chióng gí-giân teh sú-iōng, chhin-chhiūⁿ Bông-kó͘-gí.

## Jī-thé kah pâi-pan

## Jī-bó

Kó͘ kàu-hōe Slav gí kā kî-thaⁿ kó͘-tāi ê lâm Slav kā tong Slav gí-giân kap Kàu-hōe Slav gí to sú-iōng Chá-kî Kyril jī-bó.

## Chù-kái

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-bó-hē
Léng-chiàn

**Léng-chiàn** sī 1940 nî-tāi kàu 1990 nî-tāi, Bí-kok chhōa-thâu kap So͘-liân chhōa-thâu ê nn̄g-ê sè-le̍k tī kun-sū kiat-bêng, chhim-lio̍k, chêng-pò, ki-su̍t hoat-tián ia̍h thài-khong kēng-cheng, he̍k-chú bú-khì kēng-cheng téng hong-bīn ê tn̂g-kî tùi-khòng. Kî-kan Hoat-seng liáu Berlin Hong-só, Tiâu-sián Chiàn-cheng, O̍at-lâm Chiàn-cheng, So͘-liân Afghanistan Chiàn-cheng kap Cuba Hui-tôaⁿ Gûi-ki téng sū-kiāⁿ.

*
Coco Chanel

**Coco Chanel** (1883 nî 8 goe̍h 19 ji̍t - 1971 nî 1 goe̍h 10 ji̍t), pún-miâ **Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel**, sī Hoat-kok ê sî-siōng siat-kè-su, sī Chanel phín-pâi ê chhòng-sí-jîn. TIME cha̍p-chì sóan i chòe 20 sè-kí siōng ū éng-hiáng-le̍k ê 100-ê lâng chi-it.
René Thom

thumb|right|René Thom
**René Thom** () sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi topo-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1958 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Klaus Roth

**Klaus Friedrich Roth** (1925 nî 10 goe̍h 29 chhut-sì) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi sò͘-lūn ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1958 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Lisboa

**Lisboa** (hoat-im: [liʒˈboɐ]) sī Phû-tô-gâ ê siú-to͘ kap tē-it toā to͘-chhī, mā-sī Lisboa Koān (*Distrito de Lisboa*) kap Lisboa Toā-khu (*Região de Lisboa*) ê siú-hú. Lisboa ê chhī-khu jîn-kháu ū 56.4 bān, to͘-hōe-khu jîn-kháu ū 263 bān. 

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Choân-oan-khu

**Choân-oan-khu** (Hàn-jī: 荃灣區; Eng-gí: *Tsuen Wan District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, sio̍k Sin-kài. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 28.8 bān.
Tūn-mn̂g-khu

**Tūn-mn̂g-khu͘** (Hàn-jī: 屯門區; Eng-gí: *Tuen Mun District*) sī Hiong-káng 18-ê hun-khu lāi-bīn kî-tiong chi̍t-ê, sio̍k Sin-kài. 2006 nî ê jîn-khaú ū 50.2 bān.
Sin-kài

**Sin-kài** (Hàn-jī: 新界; Eng-gí: *New Territories*) sī Hiong-káng ê chi̍t-ê tē-khu, hōan-ûi pau-hâm Chhim-chùn Hô lâm-bīn kàu Kiú-liông ê kài-hān-ke pak-bīn ê thó͘-tē chham 200-gōa-ê tó-sū. Sin-kài hun 9-ê hêng-chèng-khu, ū Chôan-oan-khu, Gôan-lóng-khu, Khôe-chheng-khu, Lî-tó-khu, Pak-khu, Sai-kòng-khu, Sa-tiân-khu, Tāi-po͘-khu͘ chham Tūn-mn̂g-khu.

Sin-kài sī 1898 nî Eng-kok tùi Tiong-kok chheng-tiâu cho͘-chioh 99-nî ê thó͘-tē. 1997 nî, Eng-kok kā gôan-pún éng-kiú koah-niū ê Hiong-káng-tó kap Kiú-liông chò-hóe kui-hôan hō Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok.
Te̍k-pia̍t-khu

**Te̍k-pia̍t-khu** (特別区, *tokubetsuku*) sī Ji̍t-pún ê chi̍t khoán te̍k-pia̍t tē-hng kong-kiōng thôan-thé (特別地方公共団体), chia-ê "khu" tī Eng-gí hoan-e̍k chòe "ward". Te̍k-pia̍t-khu m̄-sī kan-nā chiam-tùi Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ lâi siat-kè, m̄-koh bo̍k-chêng chí-ū Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ ū siat 23-ê te̍k-pia̍t-khu.
Kodaira Kunihiko

thumb|right|Kodaira Kunihiko
**Kodaira Kunihiko** (, ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k kap bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1954 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún jîn-bu̍t
Arnold Schwarzenegger

**Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger** () sī Tang-kok chhut-siⁿ, āu-lâi koh tī Bí-kok hoat-tián ê kiān-bí ūn-tōng-ka, ián-gôan ia̍h chèng-tī-ka. I sī tē-38-ê California chiu-tiúⁿ, sio̍k Kiōng-hô-tóng, kòe-khì ū ián koè *[[Predator]]* kap *[[The Terminator]]* téng-téng ê tiān-iáⁿ.

Schwarzenegger tī 2011 nî sià-jīm chiu-tiúⁿ, têng-sin khai-sí ián-goân sū-gia̍p.
Adati-khu

**Adati-khu** () sī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ 23-ê te̍k-pia̍t-khu ê kî-tiong chi̍t-ê. 2006 nî ê jîn-kháu ū 629,392.
Tiyoda-khu

**Tiyoda-khu** () sī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ 23-ê te̍k-pia̍t-khu ê kî-tiong chi̍t-ê. 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu ū 47,115, biān-chek 11.64 pêng-hong kong-lí.

## Chham-khó
Tang-kiaⁿ

**Tang-kiaⁿ** (東京, Tôkyô) sī Ji̍t-pún Pún-chiu tang-pō͘ ê chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tang-kiaⁿ ê hōan-ûi ū kúi-ā khoán ê tēng-gī, pau-hâm Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ (東京都), Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘-khu-pō͘ (東京都区部), siú-to͘-khian (首都圏) téng-téng.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo lên-ket
* Official website 
* Official website 
* Go Tokyo travel guide
* Tokyo Convention & Visitors Bureau
Jean-Pierre Serre

**Jean-Pierre Serre** (1926 nî 9 goe̍h 15 chhut-sì) sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k, sò͘-lūn kap topo-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1954 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Paulínia

**Paulínia** sī ūi-tī Pa-se São Paulo chiu ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé (*município*).

## Tē-lí
Tī pún tē-hng sì-ûi ê hêng-chèng-khu ū Campinas, Americana, Nova Odessa, Sumaré, Holambra, Cosmópolis, Jaguariúna.

## Liân-kiat
* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām 

Lūi-pia̍t:São Paulo ê chū-tī-thé
Atle Selberg

**Atle Selberg** (1917 nî 6 goe̍h 14 - 2007 nî 8 goe̍h 6) sī Norge ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka.  Tùi kái-sek sò͘-lūn (analytic number theory) ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ.  I tī 1950 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Laurent Schwartz

thumb|right|Laurent Schwartz
**Laurent Schwartz** () sī Hoat-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi kái-sek-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1950 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Lars Ahlfors

thumb|220px|Lars Ahlfors

**Lars Valerian Ahlfors** () sī Suomi ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi Riemann bīn (Riemann surfaces) ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1936 nî tit-tio̍h Fields Chióng.
Jackie Robinson

**Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson** (1919 nî 1 goe̍h 31 -- 1972 nî 10 goe̍h 24) sī Bí-kok ê iá-kiû soán-chhiú.  Robinson 1947 nî ka-ji̍p Brooklyn Dodgers, chiâⁿ-chò Toā-liân-bêng le̍k-sú-siōng thâu-chi̍t-ê o͘-lâng soán-chhiú.
Jesse Douglas

**Jesse Douglas** (1897 nî 7 goe̍h 3 - 1965 nî 9 goe̍h 7) sī Bí-kok ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Tùi bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k kap piàn-hun-hoat (calculus of variations) ê gián-kiù chiâⁿ chhut-miâ. I tī 1930 nî kái-koat Plateau ê būn-toê, chū-án-ni tī 1936 nî tit-tio̍h thâu-chi̍t-kài ê Fields Chióng.
Ko-sok-kong-lō͘

**Ko-sok-kong-lō͘** sī 1 khoán siat-kè lâi hō͘ chng ianjin ê chhia-tiuⁿ thang an-choân-tek tī téng-koân ko-sok kiâⁿ-sái ê tō-lō͘. I chú-iàu ê te̍k-sek sī bô si̍p-jī lō͘-kháu kap chheⁿ-âng-teng. Ē-tàng án-ne, sī thàu-koè pí-lūn ko-keh ê khí-chō hong-sek, lâi kap phó͘-thong ê tō-lō͘ hun-thiah, kan-taⁿ ū kau-liû-tō lâi thê-kiong hō͘ chhia-tiuⁿ chhut-ji̍p.

Chit khoán ê kong-lō͘ phó͘-thong-tek 1 hiòng siōng-bô ē ū 2 ê chhia-tō, tī bô-kâng ê kok-ka--ni̍h in tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū bô-kâng ê miâ-chheng, chhin-chhiūⁿ: autobahn, autovía, autoroute, autopista, autostrada, autosnelweg, motorway (tī Eng-kok kap Éire) kap expressway (tī Ìn-tō͘ kap chi̍t-koá A-chiu tē-khu).
Tāi-ha̍k

**Tāi-ha̍k** (), mā kóng **toā-o̍h**, sī ko-téng kàu-io̍k kah ha̍k-su̍t gián-kiù ê ki-kò͘, it-poaⁿ chiàu ha̍k-kho hun-chò chē-chē pō͘-mn̂g (hē/só͘), ū koân kā ha̍k-ūi pan-hoat hō͘ chhut-gia̍p ê ha̍k-seng. Tī kàu-io̍k hong-bīn, tāi-ha̍k koh hun-chò ha̍k-sū, se̍k-sū kap phok-sū hām phok-sū-āu 4 ê chân-kip, se̍k-sū í-siōng ê kai-chân ē siat-li̍p gián-kiù-só͘, hū-chek ha̍k-sū āu ê kàu-io̍k kap gián-kiù chhui-tián.
Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k

**Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k** sī ha̍k-su̍t gián-kiù--ni̍h ê 1 ê toā hun-lūi, i só͘ khan-sia̍p--ê sī koan-hē jîn-lūi thoân-thé hām kò-jîn ê siā-hoē seng-oa̍h, chit lāi-té pau-koat jîn-lūi-ha̍k, ko͘-thong gián-kiù, keng-chè-ha̍k, jîn-bûn tē-lí-ha̍k, le̍k-sú-ha̍k, chèng-tī-ha̍k, sim-lí-ha̍k kap siā-hoē-ha̍k téng-téng ê ha̍k-kho.

## Siā-hoē kho-ha̍k ê le̍k-sú

Tī jîn-lūi ê le̍k-sú--ni̍h, kho-ha̍k chit-ê sû pí lán taⁿ it-poaⁿ ê iōng-hoat sī koh khah khoat-bīn--ê, ū chin kú-tn̂g ê thoân-thóng tī-leh. Tī si̍t-chèng chú-gī heng-khí liáu-āu, kho-ha̍k ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á piàn-choè chū-jiân kho-ha̍k ê kán-séng-gí, mā in-ūi chit-ê éng-hióng, siā-hoē chū-án-ne piàn-chò ē-tàng gián-kiù ê kheh-thé, chit-ê kheh-thé hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ-chò sī ū cho͘-chit ê cho͘-ha̍p, tī sūn-thàn i pún-sin ê kui-chek kap hong-hoat-lūn ê goân-chek ē-kha, ē-tàng ka piau-chún-hoà, mā thang ēng kheh-koan-tek ê hong-sek lâi thoân-ta̍t kap kàu-io̍k.

### Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p

### Augustine

### Islamic civilization
Kiong-kip kap su-kiû

**Kiong-kip chham su-kiû** sī chóng-thé keng-chè-ha̍k ê 1 ê hêng-bô͘. I beh piáu-sī ê sī kè-siàu sī án-choáⁿ chò-chiâⁿ--ê. In-ūi seng-sán-chiá kap siau-hùi-chiá hō͘-siong chih-chiap, bó͘-chi̍t-khoán ê huè-mi̍h ê kè-siàu chū-án-ne koat-tēng. Tī ka-nn̂g ê kèng-cheng (Perfect competition) ē-kha, su-kiû ê sò͘-gia̍h kap kiong-kip ê sò͘-gia̍h ē sio-kâng, sūn-soà koat-tēng kè-siàu, che tō sī keng-chè-ha̍k só͘ kóng--ê keng-chè pêⁿ-pāng (economic equilibrium).

Chit ê hêng-bô͘ siōng-chá sī Alfred Marshall thê-chhut--ê.
Bok Tàn

**Bok Tàn** (hàn-jī: 穆旦; 1918 nî - 1977 nî) , goân-miâ **Chhâ-liông Cheng**, chhut-siⁿ tī Thian-chin, chó͘-che̍k chiat-kang hái lêng, kap kim iông sī tâng-chi̍t-keng-cho̍k. i sī tiong-kok chhut-miâ si-jîn kap hoan-e̍k ka. thian-chin lâm-khai tiong-o̍h tha̍k-chheh sî, i khai-sí si-koa chhòng-chok. 1935 nî chìn-ji̍p chheng-hoâ-tāi-ha̍k, seng ji̍p tē ha̍k-hē liáu-āu tńg goā-bûn-hē. khòng-chiàn po̍k-hoat liáu-āu tī sai-lâm liân-toā kiû-ha̍k, 1940 nî tùi chheng-hoâ-tāi-ha̍k goā-bûn-hē pit-gia̍p, liáu-āu chok-ûi chiông-kun hoan-e̍k chham-ka tiong-kok oán-cheng kun hù bián-tiān chiân-soàⁿ. Khòng-chiàn sèng-lī liáu-āu chū-hùi liû-ha̍k bí-kok, he̍k chi-ka-ko-tāi-ha̍k eng-kok bûn-ha̍k se̍k-sū. 1951 nî liáu-āu tńg lâi-kàu tāi-lio̍k, nā thian-chin lâm-khai tāi-ha̍k goā-bûn-hē hù-kàu-siū. 1958 nî pī chí-ûi le̍k-sú hoán kek-bēng, tiāu tô͘-su-koán kap sé-seng-khu tông, chêng-āu a̍p-to nî siūⁿ-tio̍h koán-chè, phoe-phoàⁿ, lô ke, thêng-chí si-koa chhòng-chok, kian-chhî hoan-e̍k. 1975 nî khoe-ho̍k si-koa chhòng-chok, it-kú chhòng-chok liáu *tì-hūi chi koa* ,  *thêng-tiān chi-āu* ,  *tang* tán kūn-30-chhiú chok-phín. 1976 nî 3-ge̍h-31-li̍t-iū thúi kó͘ kut kńg-chi̍h-tn̄g. 1977 nî 2-ge̍h-26-ji̍t chhun chat kî-kan, bo̍k-taⁿ tī lêng-sîn sim-chōng-pīⁿ tu̍t-hoat óng-seng, hióng-liân 59-hoè. 1979 nî he̍k pêng-hoán. 

I chok-ûi si-jîn sî, sú-iōng bo̍k-taⁿ ê pit-miâ, i ê si-koa *chàn-bí* ,  *si peh-chhiú* ū chin toā éng-hióng. tùi tī bo̍k-taⁿ si-koa te̍k-tiám, kong-jīn ê ū-án-ne kúi tiâu: ì-siōng sin-éng sin-kî; gí-giân te̍k-tiám sin-éng, kū chhiūⁿ kap thiu-siōng siòng kiat-ha̍p; iông-ji̍p se-hong si-koa gí-giân te̍k-tiám. bo̍k-taⁿ sī káu ia̍p si phài sêng-oân chi-chi̍t. 

Chok-ûi hoan-e̍k ka, i ê miâ-siaⁿ kap chok-ûi si-jîn kâng-khoán kóng ûi-jîn chai. I hoan-e̍k ê *Tông Hông* pī Piān Chi-lîm chheng-choè 'tiong-kok e̍k si kiâⁿ-hiòng sêng-liân ê piau-chì chi-it' .
Khóng-chú

**Khóng-chú** (hàn-jī: 孔子; 551 BC – 479 BC) sī Tiong-kok Chhun-chhiu bóe-kî ê su-sióng-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka kap kàu-io̍k-ka. I sī jû-ka (儒家) ha̍k-soat ê chhòng-sí-jîn, tùi kó͘-tāi Tiong-kok kap chiu-piⁿ kok-ka éng-hiáng ū-kàu toā.
Kò-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k

**Kò-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k** sī gián-kiù lâng án-choáⁿ sió-kio̍k-tek chò koat-tēng ê siā-hoē kho-ha̍k. I hām chóng-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k bô-kâng, chóng-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k só͘ khoàⁿ--ê, sī tī kāng-chóng ê kak-tō͘--ni̍h, kui-ê keng-chè sī án-choáⁿ ūn-chok--ê.

Tī kò-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k lāi-té, lán thang khoàⁿ pí-lūn 1 ê lâng án-choáⁿ tī 1 keng tiàm--ni̍h koat-tēng beh bé siáⁿ-hoè, iah sī 1 keng kong-si ē seng-sán joā-chē mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Kò-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k pau-koat gián-kiù lâng kap khì-gia̍p án-choáⁿ chò koat-tēng ê "siau-hùi-chiá lí-lūn" kap "khì-gia̍p ê lí-lūn". Lēng-goā Kèng-sài lí-lūn sī teh khoàⁿ lâng tī heū-kó (kiat-kó) ē siū pa̍t-lâng éng-hióng ê chêng-hêng-hā, ē án-choáⁿ chò koat-tēng ê lí-lūn.
Chu-pún

**Chu-pún** tī keng-chè-ha̍k, châi-bū kap koè-kè ū kúi-ā-ê sio-liâm-tì-toà ê ì-sù.

Tī châi-bū, kim-iông kap koè-kè lâi kóng, chu-pún phó͘-thong-tek sī chí chu-kim, te̍k-pia̍t sī ēng lâi khí-chō kap î-chhî khì-gia̍p ê chu-kim.

Tī kó͘-tián keng-chè-ha̍k--ni̍h, **chu-pún** sī 3 ê seng-sán iàu-sò͘ lāi-té ê 1 ê, lēng-goā 2 ê tō sī thó͘-tē kap lô͘-tōng-le̍k. Hoān-nā ū ē-kha chit 3 ê te̍k-teng--ê tō sī chu-pún:

* Ē-thang ēng tī seng-sán pa̍t-ê ê hoè-mi̍h. (Chit tiám sī i chiâⁿ-chò seng-sán iàu-sò͘ chi-it ê in-toaⁿ).
* Sī jîn-chō--ê, siong-tùi "thó͘-tē" lâi kóng, sī chí seⁿ-sêng ū ê chu-goân, chhin-chhiūⁿ tē-lí ê ūi-tì kap khòng-bu̍t.
* Tī seng-sán ê koè-têng-tiong bē sûi tō ēng liáu-chīn--ê, iā-tō-sī kóng kap goân-liāu chham tiong-kan huè-mi̍h bô-kâng.

Téng-koân ê tē-saⁿ ê tēng-gī tī kó͘-tián keng-chè-ha̍k--ni̍h bô hō͘ lâng lóng-chóng chhái-iōng, pí-lūn, keng-chè-ha̍k-ka David Ricardo sī kā hû-ha̍p tsiah-ê tēng-gī ê hō-chò **[[kò͘-tēng chu-pún]]**, nā koh ka-siōng goân-liāu kap tiong-kan sán-phín, tō kò͘-sêng Ricardo kóng ê **[[liû-thong chu-pún]]**. Tùi i lâi kóng, chit 2 ê hāng-mi̍h kan-taⁿ sī chu-pún ê 2 ê sè-lūi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Keng-chè-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Kim-hiông
Chhī-tiûⁿ

**Chhī-tiûⁿ** sī chò seng-lí bé-bē ê só͘-chāi. Nā ū lâng ū sán-phín beh bē, in kiám-chhái tō ē siat-li̍p 1 ê chò bé-bē ê tē-tiûⁿ. Bé kap bē ê hoa̍t-tōng sī keng-chè ki-pún-tek ê ūn-chok. Tī chhī-tiûⁿ--ni̍h, kiong-kip chham su-kiû tit-tio̍h pêⁿ-pāng, kè-siàu tī chit tiong-kan thè bé kap bē ê lâng chí-sī chhut kiong-kip kap su-kiû ê chêng-hóng.

Khah khoah-bīn lâi kóng, chhī-tiûⁿ pēng bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài ū si̍t-thé ê tē-tiûⁿ, thàu-koè thong-sìn, pí-lūn tiān-oē, bāng-lō͘ kap thong-phoe, kāng-khoán ē-tàng chih-chiap bé-bē, te̍k-pia̍t sī kim-iông kau-e̍k, chhin-chhiūⁿ kó͘-phiò kap goā-huē t.t., ki-pún-tek tō bô kò͘-tēng ê tē-tiûⁿ teh ko͘-thong chih-chiap, chóng--sī che iû-goân sī keng-chè-ha̍k só͘ tēng-gī ê chhī-tiūⁿ ūn-chok.

M̄-nā chhī-tiûⁿ bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ū si̍t-thé, kau-e̍k ê kheh-thé, mā hoān-sè sī bô-hêng ê ho̍k-bū iah khè-iok, che, lán iû-goân kóng-chò ū in ê chhī-tiûⁿ.

## Kèng-cheng
Nā chún bē-mi̍h ê lâng bô-hoat-tō͘ thê-kiong siau-hùi-chiá beh ti̍h ê mi̍h, iah-chiá-sī kè-siàu siuⁿ koân, pa̍t-ê seng-lí-lâng tō thang thê-kiong hit-ê huè-mi̍h. Tng-tong pa̍t-ê bē-mi̍h ê lâng chìn-ji̍p chit hāng mi̍h ê chhī-tiûⁿ liáu-āu, in-ūi kèng-cheng, in ē khah ài ēng khah kē ê kè-siàu lâi bē, seng-lí-lâng / bē-mi̍h ê lâng bô kah-ì kèng-cheng, in ē siūⁿ pān-hoat mài ū kèng-cheng, án-ne tō ē-tàng tit-tio̍h in goân-té bô-châi-tiāu the̍h-tio̍h ê lī-sûn, iā in-ūi án-ne, hoat-lu̍t ē kui-tēng kìm-chí siau-tû kèng-cheng ê kiâⁿ-pàng.
Chóng-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k

**Chóng-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k** gián-kiù chi̍t toā-tīn lâng koan-hē keng-chè-tek ê koat-tēng. Pí-lūn: kui-ê kok-ka ê keng-chè. Ū chin chē chèng-hú ē ēng chóng-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k ê hun-sek lâi koat-teng beh an-choáⁿ khioh soè, hām an-choáⁿ tiâu-chéng lī-lu̍t chúi-chún.

Chóng-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k mā gián-kiù hoē-lu̍t. Kí lē lâi khoàⁿ, nā 1 ê kok-ka siong-tùi-tek hoē-lu̍t khah koân, án-ne i só͘ seng-sán ê hoè-mi̍h kè-siàu tī kok-chè-siōng tō siong-tùi-tek khah kùi (che kap seng-sán ê goân-liāu lâi-goân kap seng-sán chhiú-lō͘ ū tī-tāi), iā su-kiû tō khah kē, khah bô siau, kè-siàu iā ē toè leh tiâu-chéng.

## Chham-khó
* Kò-thé-keng-chè-ha̍k
Abidjan

**Abidjan** sī Côte d'Ivoire siāng-toā ê siâⁿ-chhī, mā sī khah-chá ê siú-to͘.  Hiān-chú-sî ê siú-to͘ sī Yamoussoukro, m̄-koh iû-goân ū hêng-chèng tan-ūi tiàm Abidjan.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Abu Dhabi

**Abu Dhabi** sī A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok ê siú-to͘, mā sī i lāi-bīn Abu Dhabi Thâu-lâng-kok ê siú-to͘.
Addis Abeba

**Addis Abeba** sī Ethiopia ê siú-to͘ kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī, mā sī Hui-chiu Cho͘-ha̍p chóng-pō͘ ê só͘-chāi.
Bonobo

**Bonobo**, ha̍k-miâ ***Pan paniscus***, sī chi̍t-khoán toā-hêng ôan-lūi, sī ''Pan''-sio̍k ê nn̄g-ê bu̍t-chéng chi it. Iá-seng ê bonobo seng-o̍ah tī Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok. 

In sǹg sī ûi-thoân-ha̍k siōng kap lâng siāng chiap-kīn ê hiān-chûn tōng-bu̍t chéng-lūi.

## Siong-koan hāng-bo̍k
*O͘-seng-seng
*Phó͘-thong o͘-seng-seng
*Seng-seng
*Tāi-seng-seng
Sun-chú

**Sun-chú** (hàn-jī: 孫子) sī Tiong-kok Chhun-chhiu sî-kî ū-miâ ê kun-sū-ka. I siá--ê *[[Sun-chú Peng-hoat]]* tī sè-kài kun-sū-sú téng chiâⁿ ū éng-hiáng. Koan-hē i ê sin-sè iáu chûn-chāi cheng-gī.
Pan

**Pan** ū khó-lêng sī:

* Pan, Hi-lia̍p sîn-ōe ê chi̍t-ê sîn.
* Pan (sèⁿ)
* O͘-seng-seng, chi̍t-lūi lêng-tióng-lūi.
Âng-seng-seng

**Âng-seng-seng** mā-hō **âng-mn̂g seng-seng**, **seng-seng**, Latin hō-miâ ***Pongo***, Má-lâi-gí hō **orang utan**, sī Hominidae-kho ê chi̍t-ê sio̍k, ū nn̄g-ê bu̍t-chéng, iā-chiū-sī *[[Pongo pygmaeus]]* kap *[[Pongo abelii]]*.

## Siong-koan hāng-bo̍k
* O͘-seng-seng
* Tāi-seng-seng
Toā-seng-seng

**Tōa-seng-seng**, Latin-miâ hō-chòe ***Gorilla***, sī Hominidae-kho ê chi̍t-ê sio̍k, ū nn̄g-ê bu̍t-chéng, iā-chiū-sī *[[Gorilla gorilla]]* kap *[[Gorilla beringei]]*, seng-o̍ah tī hui-chiu ê sim-lîm.

## Siong-koan hāng-bo̍k
* Seng-seng
* O͘-seng-seng
Chhoà Lûn

**Chhoà Lûn** (hàn-jī: 蔡倫; ? — 121 nî) ,Tông-hàn Kùi-iâng-kūn Lūi-iâng chhut-sin, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi chóa ê chè-chō-su̍t sī i hoat-bêng--ê.
O͘-seng-seng

**O͘-seng-seng**, Latin-miâ hō-chòe ***Pan***, Eng-gí hō "chimpanzee", sī Hominidae-kho ê chi̍t-ê sio̍k, ū nn̄g-ê bu̍t-chéng, iā-chiū-sī *[[Pan troglodytes]]* kap *[[Pan paniscus]]*.

## Siong-koan hāng-bo̍k
* Seng-seng
* Tāi-seng-seng
Chîn Sí Hông

**Chîn Sí Hông-tè** (秦始皇帝, ), pún-miâ **Êng Chèng** (嬴政), sī Tiong-kok Chîn-tiâu ê chhòng-li̍p-chiá. I sī siāng-chá thóng-it Tiong-kok ê kun-chú.
Ti-liû-kám

**Ti-liû-kám** (Eng-gí: *swine influenza*) sī chi̍t-khoán liû-hêng-sèng kám-mō͘, thôan-liám ê pēⁿ-to̍k sī swine influenza virus (SIV), sio̍k Orthomyxoviridae-kho.

2009 nî liû-kám toā-liû-hêng ê H1N1 pēⁿ-to̍k ê ki-in chú-iàu lâi-chū SIV.
Ebola

**Ebola** sī chi̍t-khoán pēⁿ-to̍k, hun-lūi-siōng sio̍k *Ebolavirus*, sī Ebola chhut-hoeh-jia̍t ê pēⁿ-gôan.
Kaⁿ-ga̍k

**Kaⁿ-ga̍k** (監獄) chiàu it-poaⁿ hiān-tāi hoat-lu̍t hē-thóng, sī chi̍t-khoán kiáu-chèng ki-koan, sī hêng-ho̍at ê chip-hêng tiûⁿ-só͘. Nā tī kó͘-tāi siā-hōe, kaⁿ-ga̍k tiāⁿ sī chiām-sî kam-kìm hoān-lâng ê só͘-chāi, m̄-sī chi̍p-hêng sím-phòaⁿ kiat-kó ê hêng-hoa̍t siat-si.

## Hō-miâ
Kok tē chiàu hoat-lu̍t hē-thóng tùi kaⁿ-ga̍k ū bô kâng ê hun-lūi kap hō-miâ, pí-lūn tī Ji̍t-pún, chi̍p-hêng kam-kìm hêng-kî ê só͘-chāi kiò hêng-bū-só͘ (刑務所), nā siu-ah pī-kò ê só͘-chāi kiò khu-tì-só͘ (拘置所).

## Siong-koan
* Khàn-siú-só͘	
* Koan-hō͘-só͘
* Kài-tī-só͘
* Hù-io̍k-īⁿ
Tâi-oân Tâi-pak Khàn-siú-só͘

**Tâi-oân Tâi-pak Khàn-siú-só͘** (臺灣臺北看守所) sī tī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī ê chi̍t-ê khàn-siú-só͘, chú-iàu siu-iông Tâi-pak Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ kap Pang-kiô Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ sím-lí àn-kiāⁿ ê pī-kò.

## Liân-kiat
* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-ia̍h
Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm Kaⁿ-ga̍k

**Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm Kaⁿ-ga̍k** (臺灣臺南監獄) sī tī Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī Kui-jîn-khu ê chi̍t-ê kaⁿ-ga̍k, chú-iàu siu-iông lâm-sèng ê tāng-hêng-hōan, lúi-hōan kap chài-hōan.

## Liân-kiat
* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-ia̍h 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kaⁿ-ga̍k
2009 nî L'Aquila tē-tāng

**2009 nî L'Aquila tē-tāng** tī CEST sî-kan 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t hoat-seng tī Italia ê Abruzzo tē-khu, kui-bô͘ 6.3 M<sub>w</sub>, chú-iàu ê siong-bông tī L'Aquila kap hù-kīn chō-sêng. Kàu CEST sî-kan 4 goe̍h 12 ji̍t ûi-chí, lóng-chóng ū 294-ê lâng sí-bông.
Merseyside

**Merseyside** sī North West England tē-khu ê chi̍t-ê to͘-chhī kūn (*metropolitan county*) ia̍h tián-lé kūn (*ceremonial county*), ū 136 bān ê jîn-kháu, hun Liverpool, Sefton, Knowsley, St Helens kap Wirral 5-ê borough.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê kūn
Toā Manchester

**Greater Manchester** sī North West England tē-khu ê chi̍t-ê to͘-chhī kūn (*metropolitan county*) ia̍h tián-lé kūn (*ceremonial county*), ū 256 bān ê jîn-kháu, lóng-chóng hun 10-ê borough, pau-hâm Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, koh-ū City of Salford kap Manchester.

## Chèng-hú
Greater Manchester hun 28-ê sóan-khu, múi chi̍t-ê sóan-khu ū chi̍t-ê gī-ôan, tī 2005 nî ê sóan-kú lāi-bīn, Lô-tōng Tóng (*Labour Party*) the̍h-tioh 23-ê se̍k-chhù, Chū-iû Bîn-chú Tóng (*Liberal Democrats*) 4-ê, Pó-siú Tóng (*Conservative Party*) 1-ê.

## Hun-khu

# City of Manchester
# Stockport
# Tameside
# Oldham
# Rochdale
# Bury
# Bolton
# Wigan
# City of Salford
# Trafford

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê kūn
Chhí

**Chhí** (**chhú**, **chhír**) sī chi̍t-kóa Rodentia-ba̍k ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ê thong-chheng, ū chhan-chhiūⁿ *[[Mus]]*,*[[Rattus]]*, phòng-chhí (Sciuridae) téng-téng. Ū chi̍t pō͘-hūn khah phó͘-phiàn ê chhí hōng kiò chò niáu-chhí.
Ong Cheng-oē

**Ong Tiāu-bêng** (汪兆銘; ), pit-miâ **Cheng-oē** (精衛), sī Tiong-kok ê chèng-tī-ka, sī Sun Tiong-san tī kek-bēng sî-kî ê chō͘-chhiú, mā-sī Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k tī chèng-tī-siōng chú-iàu ê kēng-cheng-chiá chi it. I ū chò-koè Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ, mā-sī āu-lāi Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lâm-kiaⁿ Kok-bîn Chèng-hú (Ji̍t-pún ê ka-lé chèng-kôan) ê hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ kap Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chú-se̍k.