open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Keng-tō͘

**Keng-tō͘** (Eng-gí: longitude) sī siat-sú tī kok só͘-chāi ūi chi̍t-tiâu sūn tē-kiû piáu-bīn lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ, hit-tiâu soàⁿ chi̍t-thâu sī Pak-ke̍k lēng-goā chi̍t-thâu sī Lâm-ke̍k, kok só͘-chāi chit-tiâu lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ oē-kah tī Eng-kok Greenwich thian-bûn-tâi só͘ ūi-chhut--lâi hit-tiâu lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ(prime meridian) tī Lâm-ke̍k kah pak-ke̍k lâi sio-phoa̍h, chit nn̄g-tiâu soàⁿ só͘ gia̍p-chhut--lâi hit-gê kak-tō͘.

Kok-chè kong-tēng tī Eng-kok Greenwich thian-bûn-tâi só͘ ūi-chhut--lâi hit-tiâu sūn tē-kiû piáu-bīn lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ sī 0-tō͘. Tē-kiû sī îⁿ-ê, phoah-pêng-bīn ê chiu-ûi chi̍t-se̍h sī 360-tō͘. Ti Greenwich thian-bûn-tâi hit-gê só͘-chāi khai-sí sǹg, hiòng-tang lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ lán kā-i kiò-chò "tang-keng", hiòng-sai lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ lán kā-i kiò-chò "sai-keng", tang-sai kok-ū 180-tō͘ oē tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ lâi hoē-ha̍p.

## Siong-koan
*Hūi-tō͘
Gû-leng

**Gû-leng** (), ia̍h **gû-ni**, sī gû ê leng, sī thong sè-kài siāng phó͘-phiàn ê leng-chè-phín goân-liāu.
Phōng-kó-chhiū

**Phōng-kó** (ha̍k-miâ: *Malus domestica*), Tâi-oân-ōe mā kóng **lìn-go͘h**, sī chi̍t khoán chhiûⁿ-bî-kho (Rosaceae) si̍t-bu̍t. Phōng-kó chi̍t khoán si̍t-bu̍t ê kóe-chí mā kiò chò phōng-kó, sī phó͘-phiàn ê chúi-kó lông-sán.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chhiûⁿ-bî-kho
Robert Louis Stevenson

**Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson** (1850 nî 11 goe̍h 13 – 1894 nî 12 goe̍h 3) sī tī Scot-tē chhut-sì ê siáu-soat-ka kiam si-jîn, i ê iû-kì (travel writing) mā chin ū-miâ; tī Eng-gí bûn-ha̍k lāi-té, Stevenson sī sin-lōng-bān-chú-gī (Neo-romanticism) ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t. 1883 nî ê *[[Pó-chōng-tó]]* (Treasure Island) sī Stevenson khah ū-miâ ê 1 phō chok-phín.
Tiám-cheng

**Tiám-cheng** (sio-sî ) sī kè-sǹg, piáu-sī sî-kan ê tan-ūi, sī chi̍t-ê mî-ji̍t (àm-mî kàu ji̍t-sî) ê jī-cha̍p-sì hūn chi-it. La̍k-cha̍p hun-cheng sī chi̍t-tiám-cheng.
Kàm-gí

**Kàm-gí** (贛語), mā kiò choè **Kang-sai-oē** (江西話), sī chi̍t-chióng tī Kang-sai-séng (kán-lio̍k: Kàm) téng-tē--ê Hàn-gí.
H

**H** sī Lô-má-jī pâi tē 8 ê jī-bó.

## H tāi-piáu ê ì-sù
* Chúi-sò͘ ê goân-sò͘ hû-hō kì-chò **H**
* Eng-gí ê tiám-cheng kì-chò **h**
C

:*Ki-su̍t būn-tê chō-sêng "C#" hong choán kòe pún ia̍h, siōng-sè chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ [[C♯]].*

**C** sī Lô-má-jī pâi tē 3 ê jī-bó.

## C tāi-piáu ê ì-sù
* Thoàⁿ ê goân-sò͘ hû-hō kì-chò **C**
* Lô-má sò͘-jī lāi-té **C** sī 100 ê ì-sù.
* C (thêng-sek gí-giân)
Gín-á

縮圖|Gín-á
**Gín-á**/**gín-á-lâng** su-bīn-gí siá-chò **jî-tông**, sī chí hoat-lu̍t siōng iáu-bē sêng-liân, ia̍h-sī seng-lí siōng iáu-bē tńg-tōa-lâng ê lâng. Gín-á sī tōa-lâng ê tò-péng-sû, tùi sī-tōa-lâng lâi kóng, i ê sī-sè put-koán kúi hoè lóng sī gín-á.

## Sèng-pia̍t
* Cha-po͘-gín-á
* Cha-bó͘-gín-a


Lūi-pia̍t:Nî-hòe
Lūi-pia̍t:Jîn-seng
Mark Twain

**Samuel Langhorne Clemens** (1835 nî 11 goe̍h 30 – 1910 nî 4 goe̍h 21) sī Bí-kok ê sim-sek-ka (humorist), khoe-sé-ka (satirist), chok-ka kiam ián-káng-ka (lecturer), **Mark Twain** sī i ê pit-miâ. *[[Huckleberry Finn ê Mō͘-hiám]]* (Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) kap *[[Tom Sawyer ê Mō͘-hiám]]* (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer) sī Mark Twain chin ū-miâ ê 2 phō siáu-soat. William Faulkner chun-chhûn Mark Twain sī "Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k ê khai-ki-chó͘".
William Osler

**William Osler** (1849 nî 7 goe̍h 12 – 1919 nî 12 goe̍h 29) sī Canada i-seng, i-ha̍k kàu-io̍k-ka, i-ha̍k chok-ka, chin chē lâng jīn-ûi i sī hiān-tāi i-ha̍k siāng ū tāi-piáu-sèng ê 1 ê jîn-bu̍t, mā ū lâng chun-chhûn i sī "Hiān-tāi I-ha̍k ê Khai-ki-chó͘".  Osler tùi i-ha̍k ê lîm-chhn̂g kàu-io̍k ū bē chió kòng-hiàn, pau-koat chhoā-thâu siat-li̍p toà-īⁿ i-su ê chè-tō͘, hoat-khí cho͘ ha̍k-su̍t lūn-bûn tha̍k-chheh-hoē (journal club) ê thoân-thóng, kiông-tiāu i-ha̍k tô͘-su-koán ê tiōng-iàu-sèng, mā chú-tiuⁿ ha̍k-seng tio̍h liōng-chá chiap-chhiok hoān-chiá, tùi hoān-chiá ha̍k-si̍p, khah iâⁿ chē toà kàu-sek thiaⁿ-khò.  I hèng kā lâng kà-sī kóng:  "O̍h i-ha̍k bô ēng tio̍h chheh ê lâng khó-pí leh tiàm chúi-lō͘ bô bêng ê hái--ni̍h kiâⁿ-chûn, ah gián-si̍p i-ha̍k bô chhap hoān-chiá ê lâng tō oân-choân bô khì kah hái--ni̍h".
Tō͘ Hú

**Tō͘ Hú** (hàn-jī: 杜甫; 712 nî – 770 nî) sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu ê hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (realism) si-jîn, hông chun-chhûn chò **Si-sèng**.
Vergili

**Publius Vergilius Maro** (kong-goân-chêng 70 nî 10 goe̍h 15 – kong-goân-chêng 19 nî 9 goe̍h 21) ia̍h **Vergili** sī kó͘-chá Lô-má ê si-jîn. *[[Bo̍k-si]]* (Eclogae ia̍h Bucolica), *[[Lông-si]]* (Georgica) kap sú-si *[[Aeneis]]* sī Vergili siāng tiōng-iàu ê 3 phō chok-phín. *Aeneis* ū 12 chheh, lō͘-boé chiâⁿ-chò Lô-má Tè-kok ê sú-si.
Gordon Brown

**Gordon Brown** () sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok 2007 nî 6 goe̍h 27 ji̍t kàu 2010 nî 5 goe̍h 11 ji̍t ê siú-siòng. I ê tóng-phài sī Lô-tōng-tóng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê siú-siòng
Tony Blair

**Anthony Charles Lynton Blair** () sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok tùi 1997 nî kàu 2007 nî 6 goe̍h 27 ê siú-siòng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê siú-siòng
Walt Whitman

**Walt Whitman** (1819 nî 5 goe̍h 31 – 1892 nî 3 goe̍h 26) sī Bí-kok ê si-jîn, té-bûn chok-ka, kì-chiá, iū-koh sī jîn-tō-chú-gī-chiá. Chin chē lâng chun-chhûn i sī "siāng úi-tāi ê Bí-kok si-jîn", i mā hông jīn-tēng sī tē 1 ê to͘-chhī si-jîn. Whitman ê chok-phín ū chhiau-giām-chú-gī (transcendentalism) kap hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (realism) 2 chióng khì-bī tī--leh. *[[Chháu-á-hio̍h]]* (Leaves of Grass) sī Whitman siāng ū-miâ ê si-chi̍p.
Kau-thong

:*"Ūn-su" choán lâi chia, choan-bûn ê sū-gia̍p ia̍h ki-su̍t chhiáⁿ khoàn [[ūn-su-gia̍p]].*

**Kau-thong**, it-poaⁿ sī chí **ūn-su**, si iōng khong-tiong, kúi-tō, tō-lō͘, chúi, lám-soh, kóng-lō͘, thài-khong téng khoán choē tō-lō͘ lâi ūn-sàng liû-thong jîn-goân, tōng-bu̍t kah mn̍gh-kiāⁿ. Kau-thong ê sêng-hun ē-tàng hun chò ki-chhó͘ siat-si (*infrastructure*), ūn-su khì-kū, kap chhau-chok keng-gêng.

Thong-sìn sī kóng-gī ê kau-thong, ū-hêng ê mn̍gh-kiāⁿ tiong phoe-sìn mā-sī kî-tiong chi-it, lēng-goā thàu-koè ū-soàⁿ, bô-soàⁿ choē thoân-sàng pêⁿ-tâi, gí-giân, siaⁿ-im, bûn-jī, tô͘-siòng, sìn-hō keng-koè chhú-lí lóng-sī hiān-chú-sî thoân-sàng ê tùi-siòng.
William Butler Yeats

**William Butler Yeats** (), ia̍h **W. B. Yeats**, sī Ài-ní-lân ê si-jîn, ke̍k-chok-ka. Yeats mā bat chham-ú chhòng-li̍p Abbey Hì-hn̂g, chek-ke̍k chhui-sak Celtic Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng (Celtic Revival). 1923 nî tit tio̍h Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng. *[[Sái tùi Byzantium]]* (Sailing to Byzantium) chit-siú si sī Yeats khah ū-miâ ê chok-phín.

## Abbey Hì-hn̂g
Yeats i kap Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn í-ki̍p George Moore chia ê lâng tī 1899 nî chò-hóe chhòng-li̍p Ài-ní-lân Bûn-ha̍k Hì-hn̂g lâi beh chhui-kóng Ài-ní-lân-gí. Che Abbey ê lí-liām sī ùi he kiâⁿ tī chin thâu-chêng ê Hoat-kok hì-hn̂g lâi ê, in tio̍h sī beh piáu-ta̍t kóng "siá kio̍k-pún ê siá-chhiú in chiah sī siōng tiōng-iàu ê, m̄ sī hiah ê kóng Eng-gí ê ián-oân".

## Chèng-tī
Yeats i sī chi-chhî Ài-ní-lân kok-ka ê lâng (kok-ka chú-gī chiá). I thàu-kòe siá si, chhin-chhiūⁿ ū "Thó-hái-lâng" chit khoán chok-phín, lâi tui-kiû chi̍t chióng thoân-thóng ê seng-oa̍h hong-sek. M̄-koh i tōa pòaⁿ-sì-lâng am-khàm i ê kek-bēng cheng-sîn, bô chin chhap chèng-tī. It-ti̍t kàu 1922 nî i chiah chhut-lâi chò Éire Chū-iû Chiu ê Chham-gī-goân.

## Nobel Chióng
Yeats "i só͘ siá ê si put-sî ín-khí lâng su-khó, mā iōng chin ū koân tō͘ ê gē-su̍t hêng-sek lâi piáu-ta̍t kui ê kok-ka cho̍k-kûn ê cheng-sîn", che hō͘ i tī 1923 nî 12 goe̍h tek tio̍h Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng.

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Chok-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân ê jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Chauvin-chú-gī

**Chauvin-chú-gī**, tha̍k-chòe "Siáu-mâ-chú-gī", sī kóng ài-kok siuⁿ-kòe phòng-hong, iā-sī cha-po͘-lâng siuⁿ hiau-pai, kàu-kah à-pà beh kā pa̍t-lâng àp-pek ê siūⁿ-hoat ia̍h hêng-ûi. Chit-ê sû sī tùi Hoat-kok Napoleon Bonaparte sî-tāi thôan-kóng ê chi̍t ê peng-á Nicolas Chauvin lâi hō.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī
Oân-kong

縮圖|Oân-kong
**Oân-kong** sī kí kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t choh chò oan-khiau-hêng (thóng tùi téng-koân) ê niû-thiāu, mā kí kui-ê oan-khiau-hêng ê kiàn-tio̍k kò͘-chō-bu̍t.

## Khài-iàu

Tī 2 ki niû-thiāu ê tiong-kan, ēng khiau-soàⁿ ê kò͘-chō, thàu-koè khiau-soàⁿ khiau-lu̍t ê cheng-ka, lâi chō-chok khiau-soàⁿ ē-kha ê khong-kan, sī oân-kong ê ki-pún goân-lí. Oân-kong siōng-chia̍p tī kiô kap ū mn̂g-chhùi ê piah lâi sú-iōng, iā-chiū-sī it-poaⁿ kóng--ê oân-kong-kiô kap oân-kong-mn̂g.

Oân-kong ê kò͘-chō--ni̍h, toā-pō͘-hūn tūi-ti̍t ê tāng-liōng lóng choán-chò ap-sok-le̍k thoân khì oân-kong ê 2 ê chi-tiám, chit-khoán kò͘-chō kap khiā-ti̍t ê niū-thiāu bô-kâng, khiā-ti̍t ê niû-thiāu toā-pō͘-hūn áu-chih ê le̍k-kí kap chián-le̍k lóng sàng lâi tī thán-khiā ê niû-thiāu téng-koân. Mā in-ūi án-ne, tùi ap-sok-le̍k toā, chián-le̍k kap tiong-le̍k téng-téng pí-káu-tek khah sè ê thia̍p-choh kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t lâi kóng, oân-kong sī chin hó ê khí-chō hong-sek.

## Iú-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

* Oân-kong-kiô
* Oân-kong-mn̂g
Thah

**Thah** ki-pún-tek lâi kóng, sī kí kap chiàm-tē bīn-chek pí--khí-lâi, koân-tō͘ ke chin chē ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t iah kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. 

Tī Se-kok ê kiàn-tio̍k lāi-té, thah chú-iàu sī kí kun-sū bo̍k-tek ê oán-bōng-tâi kap ū chong-kàu ì-gī ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t khah chē, nā tī Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún, Tiong-kok, Oa̍t-lâm, Hân-kok, Tiâu-sián téng-téng ê tang-hong kok-ka, in-ūi Pu̍t-kàu ê thoân-pò, koh thah tī Pu̍t-kàu--ni̍h ū te̍k-sû ê ì-gī, só͘-í chū-chá ê thah lóng sī kap Pu̍t-kàu ū koan-hē ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t chiàm toā-pō͘-hūn.

Hiān-chhú-sî "thah" chit-ê sû tī ta̍k-khoán gí-giân lāi-té kap bô-kāng gí-giân tiong-kan iáu khiàm-khoat chin bêng-khak kap it-tì ê tēng-gī, tī Se-kok, ū chi̍t-koá koân ê lâu-á-chhù pún-sin leh hō-miâ ê sî, mā the̍h thah  chit-ê sû lâi ēng, (Eng-gí: *tower*).

## Thah ê bô-kâng lō͘-iōng

Chhin-chhiūⁿ thâu-chêng kóng--ê, thah pún-sin iáu khiàm-khoeh bêng-khak ê tēng-gī, ē-kha sī oân-choân chiàu lō͘-iōng chò piau-chùn ê hun-lūi:

### Kì-liām-sèng

:Chi̍t-khí-khiàn kóng-tio̍h thah kap Pu̍t-kàu ê koan-hē, in-ūi thah tī tang-hong goân-khí-thâu sī chò siu-la̍p Sek-khia-mô͘-nî ûi-kut ê lō͘-iōng, chū-lâi thah tī ū bu̍t-kàu sìn-gióng ê tē-khu, tō ū Sek-khia-mô͘-nî ê bōng ê ì-gī. Taⁿ tī Tâi-oân, thah mā í-keng khí lâi chò khǹg it-poaⁿ lâng kut-thâu-hu ê só͘-chāi--ah, hō-chò lêng-kut-thah.

:Tī Se-kok, thah ū kā tē--ni̍h kap thiⁿ-téng sio-kap-liân ê ì-gī tī-leh, thah mā chiâⁿ-chò chin chē kàu-tn̂g kiàn-tio̍k ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn.

:Chong-kàu hong-bīn lia̍h-goā, mā ū tan-sûn ūi-tio̍h kì-liām chiàn-iâⁿ, kiàn-kok he̍k-chiá-sī pa̍t-hāng te̍k-sû sū-kiāⁿ lâi chō ê thah, chiâⁿ-chò to͘-chhī--ni̍h te̍k-sek kéng-koan ê thah tī kīn-tāi chin sî-kiâⁿ.

### Chò thong-ti iah thong-sìn

:Ki-tok-kàu kàu-hoē kiàn-tio̍k ê cheng-thah, kap Islam-kàu masjid ê mi-na-le-toh (Eng-gí: *minaret*), tû-liáu chong-kàu-tek ê kì-liām lō͘-iōng, koh ēng lâi chò thong-ti sìn-tô͘ kî-tó, lé-pài téng-téng ê sú-iōng.

:Kīn-tāi, chhut-hiān sî-cheng-thah chit-khoán thong-tī sî-kan ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t. Kóng-pò kap Tiān-sī phó-phiàn liáu-āu, ūi-tio̍h hòng-sàng sìn-hō ê tiān-pho-thah, mā sī sio̍k-tī thong-sìn kap thong-ti chit-lūi ê thah.

### Chò poaⁿ-sàng

:Kā tiān-soàⁿ iah thong-sìn-soàⁿ keng-koân ê thih-thah, chhāi tī toā-lâu lâu-téng, lī-iōng koân-tō͘ sàng chúi ê chúi-thah téng-téng, lóng sio̍k-tī chit-lūi.

### Chò kàm-sī

:Chū kó͘-chá, tō ū tī siâⁿ-piah téng, he̍k-chiá-sī kau-kài khu-he̍k, khí lâi chò kun-sū oán-bōng-tâi ê thah, lēng-goā tī hui-hêng-ki tiûⁿ--ni̍h, mā ū kàm-khoàⁿ kiam chí-hui hui-hêng-ki ê koán-chè-thah tī-leh.

*
Sylvia Plath

縮圖
**Sylvia Plath** (1932 nî 10 goe̍h 27 – 1963 nî 2 goe̍h 11) sī Bí-kok ê si-jîn, siáu-soat-ka, kiam té-phiⁿ-kó͘ chok-ka. Khah thong-lâng-chai ê si lia̍h-goā, Plath mā ū ēng "Victoria Lucas" hoat-piáu poàⁿ-chū-toān siáu-soat (semi-autobiographical novel) *[[Cheng-siaⁿ Àng-á]]* (The Bell Jar), biâu-siá i kap loē-chèng (depression) kùn-kiōng ê keng-koè.
Langston Hughes

**Langston Hughes** (1902 nî 2 goe̍h 1 – 1967 nî 5 goe̍h 22) sī Bí-kok ê si-jîn, siáu-soat-ka, ke̍k-chok-ka, té-phiⁿ-kó͘ chok-ka, kiam choan-noâ chok-ka (columnist). Hughes sī Harlem Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng (Harlem Renaissance) ê tiōng-iàu jîn-bu̍t. *[[M̄-thang Bô Chhiò-siaⁿ]]* (Not Without Laughter) sī Hughes khah ū-miâ ê 1 phō siáu-soat.
Oscar Wilde

**Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde** (1854 nî 10 goe̍h 16 – 1900 nî 11 goe̍h 30) sī tī Éire chhut-sì ê ke̍k-chok-ka, siáu-soat-ka, si-jîn, kiam té-phiⁿ-kó͘ chok-ka. Wilde gâu piàn-khiàu, sī Victoria sî-tāi boán-kî siāng chhut-miâ ê ke̍k-chok-ka. Wilde mā bat in-ūi tông-sèng-loân hông phoàⁿ-hêng lâi chē-kaⁿ. *[[Dorian Gray Khioh-iáⁿ]]* (The Picture of Dorian Gray) sī Wilde î-it ê 1 phō siáu-soat.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân ê jîn-bu̍t
Kiàn-tio̍k

縮圖|Kiàn-tio̍k
**Kiàn-tio̍k**, sī kí thê-kiong hō͘ lâng khiā-khí iah oa̍t-tōng, ū loē-pō͘ khong-kan ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t ê phah-tat, siat-kè, chō-chok it-ti̍t kah sú-iōng ê chèng-kô koè-têng, he̍k-chiá-sī chit-ê koè-têng-tiong ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Koh ū-tang-chūn, chit-ê sû mā kí thâu-chêng kóng ê chit-ê kò͘-chō-bu̍t pún-sin, chóng--sī kò͘-chō-bu̍t pún-sin kóng kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ē khah bêng-khak.

Lô-má sî-tāi ê kiàn-tio̍k-ka Marcus Vitruvius Pollio só͘ siá ê Lūn Kiàn-tio̍k (De Architectura) sī hiān-chhú-sî iáu tī-leh siōng-kó͘-chá ê kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k ê chheh. Tī chheh--ni̍h, Marcus Vitruvius Pollio tui-kiû lō͘-iōng (utilitas), kian-kò͘ (firmatis), lè-táu (venustas) chit 3 tiám ê tâng-chê ta̍t-sêng, nā beh ta̍t-sêng chit 3 ê bo̍k-phiau, bô gē-su̍t kap kho-ha̍k ê lí-kái sī bē-ēng-tit--ê.

## Gí-goân

Kiàn-tio̍k chit-ê sû, goân-té sī Ji̍t-gí hoan-e̍k ê Hàn-jī-sû (建築). Tī Ji̍t-pún Bêng-tī chá-kî, chū-té sī ēng "造家" lâi kóng kāng chit-hāng tāi-chì. 1894 nî, Kiàn-tio̍k-sú-ka kiam kiàn-tio̍k-ka Itou Chiuta (伊東忠太) tī lūn-bûn: *Lūn Architecture ê pún-gī lâi soán-te̍k hoan-e̍k iōng-jī, ǹg-bāng ē-tàng kā lán Chō-ka Ha̍k-hoē kái-miâ* (アーキテクチュールの本義を論じて其の訳字を撰定し我が造家学会の改名を望む) lāi-té, chú-tiuⁿ *Architecture*: "eng-kai sī sio̍k-tī sè-kài-siōng *Fine Art* ê hāng-mi̍h, m̄-sī sio̍k-tī *Industrial Art* ê hāng-mi̍h", i jīn-ûi tio̍h kā hoan-e̍k chò "kiàn-tio̍k" chiah ū sì-thīn.

Bêng-tī sî-tāi ê Eng-bûn-Ji̍t-bûn sû-tián tō í-keng ēng "kián-tio̍k ê ki-su̍t" lâi kái-soeh Eng-bûn-jī "construction"--a, sui-bóng hit-sî-chūn sī kā chit-ê sû tòng-chò "kiàn-siat" ê ì-sù leh ēng, m̄-koh chit-ê sû tek-si̍t chū-lâi tō chûn-chāi tī Ji̍t-gí--ni̍h, Tán Itou Chiuta thê-chhut iōng-sû ê kiàn-gī liáu-āu, chit-ê Hàn-jī-sû chiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á piàn-chò chit-má leh kóng ê ì-sù, pēng-chhiáⁿ hō͘ Tiong-bûn kap Hō-ló téng-téng ê gí-giân khip-siu, tī bô-kâng ê gí-giân lāi-té sú-iōng.

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiⁿ
* Kiàn-tio̍k-ha̍k
* Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t
* Kiàn-tio̍k siat-kè
Dashiell Hammett

**Samuel Dashiell Hammett** (1894 nî 5 goe̍h 27 – 1961 nî 1 goe̍h 10) sī Bí-kok ê chok-ka, léng-gàn (hardboiled) thàm-cheng siáu-soat (detective novel) ê khai-ki-chó͘. Hammett chhòng-chō chin chē ū-miâ ê kak-sek, khó-pí kóng *[[Malta chi Chún]]* (The Maltese Falcon) ê chú-kak Sam Spade.
Aswan Chúi-khò͘

Aswan sī Ai-ki̍p kok-lāi ê An-nil Hô (Eng-bûn: *Nile*) thâu-chi̍t-ê chúi-chhiâng hit kho͘-ûi-á ê 1 ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tī chia, kāng-cháng ū 2 ê chúi-cha̍h hāⁿ-koè hô: khah sin ê **Aswan Koân Chúi-cha̍h** (A-la-pek-gí: السد العالي‎, as-Sad al-'Aly) kap khah kū ê **Aswan Chúi-cha̍h** (mā kiò-chò Aswan Kē Chúi-cha̍h).

An-nil Hô nā bô chò chúi-cha̍h khí chúi-khò͘, ta̍k-tang ê loa̍h--lâng lóng im-toā-chúi, toā-chúi ē ùi Tang-hui-chiu sūn lâu chhiâng--lo̍h-khì, chū kó͘-chá sî-tāi, An-nil Hô nn̄g-hoāⁿ ê thó͘-tē tō sī khò che 1 tang 1 pái ê toā-chúi sáng--lâi ê ióng-hūn kap khòng-bu̍t-chit, thô͘-bah ū bûi, m̄-chiah ha̍h tī chèng-choh.

Būn-tê sī An-nil Hô nn̄g pêng ê jîn-kháu sêng-tióng--khí-lâi liáu-āu, kio̍k-put-kio̍k tio̍h siat-hoat khòng-chè toā-chúi, lâi pó-hō͘ chhân-tē kap mî-á-hn̂g. Che sī in-ūi chò-chúi ê sî-chūn, lông-chok-bu̍t khó-lêng ē kui-ê lâu--khì, koh chúi-ta ê sî, soah ē khó͘-oāⁿ kiam chō-sêng ki-hng.

Téng-koân kóng ê chúi-cha̍h kang-sū, tio̍h sī tī-chúi ê kè-e̍k ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, bo̍k-tek sī beh tî-hông toā-chúi, hoat-tiān, pēng-chhiáⁿ ūi chhân-hn̂g thê-kiong chúi-goân.
Tâi-oân koân-soaⁿ tō͘-koan

**Tâi-oân koân-soaⁿ tō͘-koan** (*Rhododendron rubropilosum* Hay. var. *taiwanalpinum* (Ohwi) S.Y.Lu, Y.P.Yang & Y.H.Tseng) sī 1 khoán Tâi-oân te̍k-iú-chéng, ūi-tio̍h beh sek-èng koân-soaⁿ ê khì-hāu, i ê hio̍h-kîⁿ sió-khoá kńg--khí-lâi, hio̍h-á āu-piah hoat chin chē mo͘. Pún-té tan-to̍k lia̍t chò 1 ê chéng (*Rhododendron taiwanalpinum*), boé--á lia̍t chò âng-mo͘ tō͘-koan ê 1 chióng piàn-chéng.
Simon Masato

**Simon Masato** (子門真人, pún-miâ **Huzikawa Masaharu** 藤川正治, ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê anison koa-chhiú. 

## Goā-pō· liân-kiat
*子門真人 Fan's Page Simon Shock!!
Andrée Chedid

**Andrée Chedid** (A-la-pek-gí: أندريه شديد) sī 1920 nî 3 goe̍h 20 ji̍t tī Cairo chhut-sì, 2011 nî 2 goe̍h 6 ji̍t koè-sin ê si-jîn kiam siáu-soat-ka. 1946 nî liáu-āu tō lóng khiā tiàm Hoat-kok. Chedid ê chok-phín chhiong-moá to-goân-bûn-hoà ê sek-chhái. 2000 nî, Chedid 80 hoè ê sî, iū-koh hoat-piáu 1 phō siáu-soat *Phoe* (Le Message).

I tī 2011 nî 2 goe̍h 6 ji̍t tī Paris koè-sin.
Sahara

**Sahara** sī thong sè-kài siāng toā ê sio soa-bô͘ (hot desert), khah bô Lâm-ke̍k Tāi-lio̍k toā. I ê bīn-chek kiōng beh phēng Bí-kok khah toā, ia̍h pí Ò-chiu toā, lóng-chóng ū 9 pah-bān pêng-hong kong-lí.
Michelangelo Buonarroti

**Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni** (1475 nî 3 goe̍h 6 – 1564 nî 2 goe̍h 18) mā kán-tan kiò chò **Michelangelo**, sī Italia Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng (Italian Renaissance) sî-kî ê oē-ka (painter), tiau-khek-ka, kiàn-tio̍k-su, si-jîn kiam kang-têng-su. Iáu-boē 30 hoè, Michelangelo tō oân-sêng Pietà kap David 2 chō tiau-khek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chok-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng jîn-bu̍t
Lâm Hui-chiu

:**''Khu-pia̍t:** Hui-chiu siāng lâm-pêng ê kok-ka sī Lâm-hui-kok*



*'Lâm Hui-chiu''' sī Hui-chiu lâm-pêng ê khu-he̍k.

## Kok-ka
* Angola
* Botswana
* Lâm-hui
* Lesotho
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mauritius
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Réunion (Hoat-kok ê)
* Swaziland
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
Philip Ball

**Philip Ball** (1962 nî &mdash; ) sī Eng-tē ê kho-ha̍k chok-ka (science writer). Tī Oxford Tāi-ha̍k the̍h tio̍h hoà-ha̍k ha̍k-ūi, tī Bristol Tāi-ha̍k the̍h tio̍h bu̍t-lí phok-sū. Bat tam-jīm *[[Chū-jiân (kî-khan)|Chū-jiân]]* (Nature) ê pian-chip 10 goā tang. Ball 2004 nî chhut ê chheh *Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads To Another* the̍h tio̍h 2005 nî ê Aventis Chióng.
Niau-kho

**Niau-kho**, La-teng-miâ **Felidae**, sī chi̍t lūi tōng-bu̍t, hun-lūi-siōng sī chi̍t kho, sio̍k tī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ē-kha ê Carnivora-ba̍k. 

Chi̍t kho ê tōng-bu̍t sī Carnivora lāi-bīn tùi chia̍h-bah siāng te̍k-hoà ê chi̍t lūi. Hiān-chûn ê niau-kho ē-sái hun 2-ê a-kho: Pantherinae (pà-lūi, hâm hó͘, sai, bí-chiu-pà, kap hoe-pà) kap Felinae (niau-lūi, hâm bí-chiu-sai, la̍h-pà, serval, Lynx, Caracal, Ocelot, kap ka-niau).

## Sèng-chit
Niau-kho chiàⁿ bah-si̍t ê tōng-bu̍t, su-iàu chia̍h bah seng-oa̍h. Tû-liâu sai í-gōa, iá-seng ê niau-kho it-poaⁿ sī to̍k-li̍p seng-oa̍h--ê. Iá-seng ê ka-niau, chóng-sī ū chiâⁿ kûn ê chêng-hêng.

## Chìn-hòa
Chi̍t hāng Warren E. Johnson kap Stephen J. O’Brien khah chòe-kīn ê ián-kiù, kun-kù 22,789 ê DNA iâm-ki-tùi, tùi niau-kho ê chhin-goân hē-thóng thê-kiong pí chìn-chêng koh khah khak-tēng ê kiat-kó. Ián-kiù ê sêng-kó chiong niau-kho hun chò 8-ê hun-chi (*clade*).

## Hun-lūi

## Chham-khó
Ti-kho

**Ti-kho** (*Suidae*) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t kî-tiong ê 1 kho, ē-kha hun chò 5 sio̍k 16 chéng.

## Chéng
**[[Babyrousa]]*
***Babyrousa babyrussa*
**[[Hylochoerus]]*
***Hylochoerus meinertzhageni*
**[[Phacochoerus]]*
***Phacochoerus aethiopicus*
***Phacochoerus africanus*
**[[Potamochoerus]]*
***Potamochoerus larvatus*
***Potamochoerus porcus*
**[[Sus]]*
***Sus barbatus*
***Sus bucculentus*
***Sus cebifrons*
***Sus celebensis*
***Sus heureni*
***Sus philippensis*
***Sus salvanius*
***Sus scrofa*: soaⁿ-ti (*S. domesticus*: ti)
***Sus timoriensis*
***Sus verrucosus*
Paul Cézanne

**Paul Cézanne** (IPA: [pɔl seɪˈzan], 1839 nî 1 goe̍h 19 – 1906 nî 10 goe̍h 22) sī Hoat-kok ê gē-su̍t-ka, āu-ìn-siōng-phài (Post-Impressionist) oē-ka (painter). Cézanne chiap-soà 19 sè-kí boé-kî ê ìn-siōng-chú-gī, khai-chhòng 20 sè-kí ê li̍p-thé-chú-gī (Cubism). *[[Pò͘-lî, chúi-kan kap koé-chí-poâⁿ]]* (Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier) sī Cézanne chin ū-miâ ê chok-phín.
Thôan-hôe Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng ūn-tōng

**Thôan-hôe Iâ-lō·-sat-léng ūn-tōng** sī Tiong-kok kàu-hōe só͘-ū ê ī-siōng, bo̍k-tek sī-bé ló͘-le̍k thôan-hok-im kip Tiong-kok pian-kài ê Hu̍t-kàu, Ìn-tō͘-kàu kah I-su-lân-kàu ê lîn-kok. Thôan-hôe Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng ūn-tōng ê bo̍k-phiau sī-bé chì-chió phài-chhut cha̍p-bān thôan-káu-sū iân kó͘-ló bō͘-e̍k thong-tō ê Si-tiû-lō͘, chiông Tiong-kok kàu Tē-tiong-hái. 

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*Thôan-hôe Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng ūn-tōng
Soaⁿ-niau

**Soaⁿ-niau** (ha̍k-miâ: *Felis silvestris*) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t niau-kho lāi-té ê chi̍t-chéng, ē-té ū chin-chē a-chéng.

## A-chéng
* Hui-chiu ê a-chéng
** *Felis silvestris cafra*
** *Felis silvestris foxi*
** *Felis silvestris griselda*
** *Felis silvestris lybica* (Hui-chiu soaⁿ-niau)
** *Felis silvestris ocreata* 
** *Felis silvestris mellandi*

* A-chiu ê a-chéng
** *Felis silvestris caudata*
** *Felis silvestris ornata* (A-chiu soaⁿ-niau)
** *Felis silvestris bieti* (Tiong-kok soaⁿ-niau)

* Au-chiu ê a-chéng
** *Felis silvestris cretensis*
** *Felis silvestris caucasica*
** *Felis silvestris grampia*
** *Felis silvestris jordansi*
** *Felis silvestris reyi*
** *Felis silvestris silvestris* (Au-chiu soaⁿ-niau)

* Kî-thaⁿ
** *Felis silvestris chutuchta*
** *Felis silvestris gordoni*
** *Felis silvestris haussa*
** *Felis silvestris iraki*
** *Felis silvestris nesterovi*
** *Felis silvestris rubida*
** *Felis silvestris tristrami*
** *Felis silvestris ugandae*
** *Felis silvestris vellerosa*
Horie Mituko

**Horie Mituko** (堀江美都子, pún-miâ **Asami Mituko** 浅見美都子, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Kanagawa-koān chhut-sì ê anison koa-chhiú kap ián-oân.

## Goā-pō· liân-kiat
*ミッチ・ネット (Horie Mituko koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām)
*コロムビアミュージックエンタテインメント株式会社 (Columbia Music Entertainment)
*堀江美都子全曲リスト 
*まぁくつぅ
Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi

**Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi** (蔣渭水; 1891 nî 2 goe̍h chhe 8–1931 nî 8 goe̍h chhe 5) sī Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe kap Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng-tóng ê chhòng-pāng-chiá.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiúⁿ--sī
Niau-sio̍k

**Niau-sio̍k** (*Felis*) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t niau-kho lāi-té ê chi̍t-ê sio̍k, ē-kha ū chin-chē chéng.
Chhì-tông

:*Khu-pia̍t: [[Chhì-tông-hiong]] sī [[Hûn-lîm-koān]] ê chi̍t-ê hiong*

**Chhì-tông** (ha̍k-miâ: *Erythrina variegata*)
Ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun

**Ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun** (日日春, ha̍k-miâ: *Catharanthus roseus*) sī  chi̍t chióng kiap-tek-thô kho ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun sio̍k ê si̍t-bu̍t.

## Iōng-tô·
Ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun ê chiap-e̍k ū kâⁿ alkaloid, pí-jû vinblastine (Ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun-kiⁿ) kah vincristine (Sin-ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun-kiⁿ), hō· tê-chhú chhut-lâi chhòng i kok-chióng gâm-chèng ê io̍h-bu̍t.

## To̍k-sèng
Ji̍t-ji̍t-chhun kui-ê lóng ū ta̍k, m̄-koh kan-na bong i bōe tio̍h-ta̍k.
Vincent van Gogh

**Vincent van Gogh** (Hô-lân-bûn: ; ; ) sī Kē-tē-kok āu-ìn-siōng-phài ê gē-su̍t-ka, ōe-ka. Van Gogh chin chē chok-phín lóng sī sè-kài it-teng-it ê chhòng-chok, chhin-chhiūⁿ *[[Ji̍t-thâu-hoe (Van Gogh)|Ji̍t-thâu-hoe]]* (Zonnebloemen).

Lūi-pia̍t:Hô-lân ōe-ka
Thô͘-sat

**Thô͘-sat** (唐蚤, 塘虱, 胡子鲶, 胡鲶, “食人鲶鱼” (http://www.366y.com/news/guonei/zonghe/2008-01-18/1648.html); ha̍k-miâ: *Clarias batrachus*)

----
Lián-bū

**Lián-bū** (ha̍k-miâ: *Syzygium samarangense*) mā hō tsò **Liám-bū** (Tâi-uân Tâi-lâm ê kónghuat), **Tsiám-bū** (Tang-lâm-a ê kónghuat, tuì Má-lâi-gí *jambu* lâi--ê), sī tsi̍t tsióng jia̍t-tài tē-khu ê kué-tsí.
Chhì-tông-hiong

:*Khu-pia̍t: [[Chhì-tông]] sī chi̍t-chióng chhiū-châng ê miâ*

**Chhì-tông-hiong** sī Hûn-lîm-koān ê chi̍t-ê hiong.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hûn-lîm-koān ê hêng-chèng-khu
Lí-á

**Lí-á** sī chi̍t-chióng he̍k-kó kóe-chí chhiū-châng ê miâ. Seng-bu̍t hun-lūi sǹg Prunus sio̍k ê a-sio̍k, ē-kha ū chin-chē chéng.

## Chéng
* *Prunus* chat
** *Prunus cerasifera*
** *Prunus cocomilia*
** *Prunus consociiflora*
** *Prunus domestica*
** *Prunus salicina*
** *Prunus simonii*
** *Prunus spinosa*
* *Prunocerasus* chat
** *Prunus alleghaniensis*
** *Prunus americana*
** *Prunus angustifolia*
** *Prunus hortulana*
** *Prunus maritima*
** *Prunus mexicana*
** *Prunus nigra*
** *Prunus orthosepala*
** *Prunus subcordata*
* *Armeniaca* chat
** *Prunus armeniaca*
** *Prunus brigantina*
** *Prnus mume*
** *Prunus sibirica*
Frida Kahlo

**Frida Kahlo** (1907 nî 7 goe̍h 6 – 1954 nî 7 goe̍h 13) sī México ê oē-ka. Kahlo ēng thàu-lām hiān-si̍t-chú-gī, siōng-teng-chú-gī (symbolism) kap chhiau-hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (surrealism) ê chhiú-lō͘ lâi oē i ê kò͘-hiong. Kahlo ēng siōng-teng-chú-gī oē i ka-tī sin-khó͘-pēⁿ-thiàⁿ ê chū-oē-siōng kài ū-miâ.
Thī-ke

**Phó͘-thong thī-ke** (ha̍k-miâ: *Phasianus colchicus*; Eng-miâ: common pheasant), it-poaⁿ taⁿ kóng **thī-ke**, sī thī-ke-lūi ê chi̍t chéng.
Lâm-lō͘-eng

**Lâm-lō͘-eng** (ha̍k-miâ: *Butastur indicus*)，這咧叫法是彰化人號的，逐年清明時就有規陣的鷹對南爿飛來，順著彰化縣東爿的八卦山，一路向北飛去。

## 賞鷹
彰化市的八卦山頭是有名的南路鷹看鳥所在，這是因為天頂不時有飛過的鷹，猶有下早時有一隻綴一隻踅玲瑯，愈飛愈高的起鷹，下晡時有中途欲飛落山頭歇睏的落鷹。

## 參考資料
Claude Monet

**Claude Monet**, **Oscar-Claude Monet** ia̍h **Claude Oscar Monet** (1840 nî 11 goe̍h 14 – 1926 nî 12 goe̍h 5) sī Hoat-kok ê oē-ka. Monet sī ìn-siōng-phài ê khai-ki-chó͘ chi it, kā ìn-siōng-phài ê tiat-ha̍k su-khó toā-pān lâi piáu-hiān tiàm oa̍h-kéng (plein-air) ê hong-kéng-oē (landscape painting). Ìn-siōng-phài chit hō sû tō sī ùi Monet ū-miâ ê chok-phín *[[Ìn-siōng, Ji̍t-chhut]]* (Impression, soleil levant) lâi--ê.

## Kiakas
* Francesco Filippini

Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài
Phô-tô-kho

**Phô-tô-kho** (*Vitaceae*)

## Sio̍k

**Acareosperma*
**Ampelocissus*
**Ampelopsis*
**Cayratia*
**Cissus*
**Clematicissus*
**Cyphostemma*
**Leea*
**Nothocissus*
**Parthenocissus*
**Pterisanthes*
**Pterocissus*
**Rhoicissus*
**Tetrastigma*
**Vitis* (phô-tô)
**Yua*
Poe-lêng-á

**Poe-lêng-á**/**Pe-lêng-chhài**  (ha̍k-miâ: *Spinacia oleracea*; ) sī so͘-chhài ê chi̍t-chéng. **Âng-thâu-chhài** () sī pe-lêng-chhài tī Hok-kiàn-séng lêng-tek-chhī chiu-lêng-koān téng só͘-chai ê Bân-tang-ōe soat-hoat. In-ūi pe-lêng-chhài ê chhài-thâu sī âng-sek ê, kah Tek-hòe-ōe ê **âng-kun-chhài** (**Âng-ki͘n-chhài**) soat-hoat kâng-khoán.
Chiam-chhí

**Chiam-chhí** (*Erinaceidae*) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t si̍t-thiông-ba̍k ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê a-kho, ū 4 sio̍k 14 chéng.
Lâ-lí

**Lâ-lí**, ia̍h sī kóng **chhng-soaⁿ-kah** (chhoan-san-), Latin hō-miâ **Pholidota**, sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê bo̍k, mā ū hō **iú-lân-bo̍k** (有麟目) he̍k-chiá **lân-kah-bo̍k**. Pún bo̍k ū tāi-khāi 7 chéng, ū 3 sio̍k, 2 sio̍k kap tan-to̍k 1 sio̍k ê bô-kâng hun-lūi hong-sek. Nā sī tan-to̍k 1 sio̍k, sī *Manis* sio̍k; nā hun 3 sio̍k, ū *Manis*, *Phataginus*, kap *Smutsia*.

## Chéng

* *[[Manis culionensis]]*
* *[[Manis gigantea]]*
* *[[Manis temminckii]]*
* *[[Manis tricuspis]]*
* *[[Manis tetradactyla]]*
* *[[Manis crassicaudata]]*
* *[[Manis pentadactyla]]*
* *[[Manis javanica]]*
Phòng-chhí

**Phòng-chhí** (*Sciuridae*) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê kho, ū 49 sio̍k 254 chéng.
Ah

**Ah**/**Ah-á** sī chí ah-kho lāi-té chi̍t-pō͘-hūn ê chiáu-á, ah sī it-poaⁿ-tek ê chheng-ho͘, m̄-sī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi. Ū-ê ah hō͘-lâng chhī chó cheng-seⁿ, in ê bah kap nn̂g ē-sái chia̍h.

Ah ê thé-hêng pí gô kap gān khah sè. Ah se-sêng ài bak-chúi, chiáⁿ-chúi kap kiâm-chúi lóng ū ah se-thoàⁿ. Ah-kang kap a-bó mô͘ ê sek-tī bô kâng.
Georgia O'Keeffe

thumb|1950 nî ê '''Georgia O'Keeffe'''.
**Georgia Totto O'Keeffe** () sī Bí-kok ê gē-su̍t-ka. I ê tô͘ ē hông siūⁿ tio̍h Bí-kok sai-lâm-hng ê kéng-tì, te̍k-pia̍t sī i chia̍h-lāu khiā ê New Mexico. 1920 nî-tāi liáu-āu, O'Keeffe kā hoe, chio̍h-thâu, kut-thâu, hong-kéng, ... téng-téng kap thiu-siōng-oē chong-ha̍p chò-hoé, chhòng-chō chin te̍k-sû ê hong-keh.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok ōe-ka
Iûⁿ-á

**Iûⁿ**/**Iûⁿ-á** sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t Gû-kho ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê a-kho.

## Chéng
* **Caprinae** a-kho
** *[[Ammotragus]]* sio̍k
*** *Ammotragus lervia*
** *[[Budorcas]]* sio̍k
*** *Budorcas taxicolor*
** *[[Capra]]* sio̍k
*** *Capra aegagrus*
**** *Capra aegagrus hircus*
*** *Capra hicus*
*** *Capra caucasia*
*** *Capra cylindricornis*
*** *Capra falconeri*
*** *Capra ibex*
*** *Capra nubiana*
*** *Capra pyrenaica* 
*** *Capra sibirica*
*** *Capra walie*
** *[[Hemitragus]]* sio̍k
*** *Hemitragus hylocrius*
*** *Hemitragus jayakari*
*** *Hemitragus jemlahicus*
** *[[Nemorhaedus]]* sio̍k
*** *Nemorhaedus baileyi*
*** *Nemorhaedus caudatus*
*** *Nemorhaedus crispus*
*** *Nemorhaedus goral*
*** *Nemorhaedus sumatraensis*
*** *Nemorhaedus swinhoei*
** *[[Oreamnos]]* sio̍k
*** *Oreamnos americanus*
** *[[Ovibos]]* sio̍k
*** *Ovibos moschatus*
** *[[Ovis]]* sio̍k
*** *Ovis ammon*
*** *Ovis aries*
*** *Ovis canadensis*
*** *Ovis dalli*
*** *Ovis musimon*
*** *Ovis nivicola*
*** *Ovis orientalis*
** *[[Pseudois]]* sio̍k
*** *Pseudois nayaur*
*** *Pseudois schaeferi*
** *[[Rupicapra]]* sio̍k
*** *Rupicapra pyrenaica*
*** *Rupicapra rupicapra*
* **Pantholopinae** a-kho
** *[[Pantholops]]* sio̍k
*** *Pantholops hodgsoni*
Thò͘-kho

**Thò͘-kho** (*Leporidae*) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ē-kha ê chi̍t-kho, lāi-té ū 50 gōa chéng ê thò͘-á kap iá-thó͘ (*Lepus*).
Soaⁿ-kiuⁿ-á

**Kiuⁿ-á**/**Soaⁿ-kiuⁿ-á** (ha̍k-miâ: *Muntiacus reevesi*) sī Tâi-oân te̍k-iú-chéng ê lo̍k-kho chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t.
Jackson Pollock

**Paul Jackson Pollock** (1912 nî 1 goe̍h 28 – 1956 nî 8 goe̍h 11) sī 1 ūi chin ū éng-hióng-la̍t ê Bí-kok oē-ka, mā sī thiu-siōng piáu-hiān-chú-gī (abstract expressionism) ūn-tōng chú-iàu ê kioh-siàu.
Nicolas Poussin

**Nicolas Poussin** (1594 nî 6 goe̍h 15 – 1665 nî 11 goe̍h 19) sī kó͘-chá Hoat-kok baroque hong-keh ê oē-ka. Poussin ê chok-phín kiông-tiāu chheng-chhó (clarity), lô-chek, kap sūn-sū (order); khah chùn-būn soàⁿ-tiâu, khah bô tiōng-sī sek-chúi. Toā-hūn sî-kan Poussin lóng khiā Lô-má. *[[Goá mā tī Arcadia]]* (Et in Arcadia ego) sī Poussin ê tāi-piáu-chok.
Môa

**Môa** sī chi̍t-chióng gōa-hêng chhin-chhiuⁿ chôa ê hî-lūi, seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi sio̍k **môa-ba̍k** (*Anguilliformes*).

## A-ba̍k kap kho

*Anguilloidei* a-ba̍k
* *Anguillidae*
* *Heterenchelyidae*
* *Moringuidae*
* *Xenocongridae*
* *Muraenidae*
* *Myrocongridae*
*Nemichthyoidei* a-ba̍k
* *Nemichthyidae*
* *Serrivomeridae*
* *Cyemidae*
*Congroidei* a-ba̍k
* *Congridae*
* *Muraenesocidae*
* *Nettastomatidae*
* *Nessorhamphidae*
* *Derichthyidae*
* *Ophichthidae*
* *Macrocephenchelyidae*
*Synaphobranchoidei* a-ba̍k
* *Synaphobranchidae*
* *Simenchelyidae*
* *Dysommidae*
Tn̂g-siâⁿ

**Tn̂g-siâⁿ**, he̍k-chiá-sī kóng **Bān-lí Tn̂g-siâⁿ**, sī Tiong-kok kúi-ā tó͘ tn̂g-hêng siâⁿ-piah ê chóng-hō-miâ, khí-chō, têng-khí kap î-hō͘ ê sî-kan chin tn̂g, ùi kong-goân-chêng 5 sè-kí kàu kong-goân 16 sè-kí lóng ū toā-toā sè-sè ê kang-sū chìn-hêng, khí-chō ê bo̍k-tek sī beh pó-hō͘ ta̍k sî-tāi tī hiān-chhú-sî Tiong-kok ê tè-kok, thang phiah-bián pak-pêng bîn-cho̍k ê kong-ke̍k. 

Tn̂g-siâⁿ m̄-nā 1 loa̍h niā-tiāⁿ, siōng-chá--ê ê nî-tāi thang chhiû kàu kong-goân-chêng 5 sè-kí, nā siōng-chhut-miâ--ê sī tī kong-goân-chêng 220 kàu 200 nî, Chîn-sú-hông só͘ hā-lēng khí-chō ê hit-toāⁿ tn̂g-siâⁿ, hit-tang-chūn khí--ê, kap hiān-chhú-sî khah chiâu-chn̂g ê pō͘-hūn pí--khí-lâi, tī-leh ê só͘-chāi koh khah pak-pêng, m̄-koh kó͘-chá ê tn̂g-siâⁿ taⁿ í-keng chhun bô joā chē--a. Bo̍k-chêng khah chiâu-chn̂g ê tn̂g-siâⁿ, sī Tāi-bêng Tè-kok khí-chō lâu--lo̍h-lâi--ê. Tn̂g-siâⁿ sī thong-sè-kài siōng-tn̂g ê jîn-chō kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t, chha-put-to ū 6,400 kong-lí hiah-ni̍h tn̂g, kiâⁿ ê lō͘-soàⁿ iok-lio̍k-á sī sūn Lāi Bông-kó͘ ê lâm-kîⁿ. Tn̂g-siâⁿ oān-nā sī chū chá kah taⁿ, jîn-lūi só͘ khí-chō ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t lāi-té, piáu-bīn-chek kap thé-chek siong-kài-toā--ê.
Taj Mahal

**Taj Mahal** sī tī Ìn-tō͘ Agra ê 1 chō lêng-biō, sī Mogul Tè-kok ê hông-tè Shah Jahan ūi i sim-ài ê bó͘ Mumtaz Mahal só͘ khí--ê. Ùi 1632-nî khí-kang, chha-put-to tī 1648-nî chùn-kang. Nā koan-hē-tio̍h Taj Mahal sī siáⁿ-mih lâng siat-kè--ê, it-ti̍t iáu bô-hoat-tō͘ khak-tēng, it-poaⁿ chhui-lūn sī chi̍t-tīn lâng saⁿ-kap chham-ú--ê, chit lāi-té, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri sī chú-iàu ê siat-kè-chiá tiong-kan ê 1 ūi.

Chit-ê biō-ú hông tòng-chò Mughal kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t siōng lè-táu ê lē, i ê khoán-sek kiat-ha̍p Pho-su, Türkiye, Ìn-tō͘ kap Islam ê kiàn-tio̍k chhiú-lō͘, kui-ê kò͘-chō chin ho̍k-cha̍p, siōng-chhut-miâ ê sī pe̍h--ê gêng-chúi-chio̍h îⁿ-chhù-koà.

1983-nî Taj Mahal chiâⁿ-chò UNESCO ê sè-kài bûn-hoà ûi-sán--ni̍h ê 1 hāng.
Lô͘-môa

*Chit-phiⁿ bûn kóng--ê sī chi̍t chióng hî. Koan-î chi̍t khoán lâng, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ [[Lô͘-môa_(lâng)]].*

**Lô͘-môa** (ha̍k-miâ: *Anguilla marmorata*) sī chi̍t-chióng môa-ba̍k môa-kho ê hî-á.
Chhaú-hî

**Chhaú-hî** (ha̍k-miâ: *Ctenopharyngodon idella*) sī chi̍t-chióng chia̍h-chhaú ê chiáⁿ-chúi hî.
Khui-hoe si̍t-bu̍t

**Khui-hoe si̍t-bu̍t** (開花植物; *Magnoliophyta*), he̍k-chiá **pī-chí si̍t-bu̍t** (被子植物), sī si̍t-bu̍t-kài lāi-té chéng-lūi siang-chē ê 1 mn̂g. Khui-hoe si̍t-bu̍t sī chéng-chí si̍t-bu̍t (*Spermatophyta*), siang chú-iàu ê te̍k-sek tio̍h-sī ē khui-hoe, hoe sī in ê seⁿ-thoàⁿ khì-koan.

*
Thiàu-bú

**Bú-tō**, phó͘-thong kóng **thiàu-bú**, sī chí ēng lâi piáu-ta̍t su-sióng kap kám-chêng, siā-hoē lâi-óng ê 1 khoán hoa̍t-tōng, lâng mā ū khó-lêng tan-sûn ūi-tio̍h cheng-sîn-tek, chong-kàu-tek, he̍k-chiá-sī gē-su̍t-tek bo̍k-tek lâi thiàu-bú.

Beh tēng-gī siáⁿ-mi̍h sī bú-tō, khan-sia̍p-tio̍h bô-kâng cho̍k-kûn, só͘-chāi iah kok-ka téng-téng, tī siā-hoē, bûn-hoà, bí-ha̍k, gē-su̍t, tō-tek chè-hān téng-koân ê khoàⁿ-hoat kap kè-ta̍t-koan, bú-tō ê hoān-ûi kài khoah, pau-koat kong-lêng-sèng--ê (pí-lūn Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn chè-lé--ni̍h ê bú-tō) kap oân-choân sio̍k-tī iù-lō͘ gē-su̍t piáu-ián ê bú-tō (pí-lūn ballet).

Tī ūn-tōng, thé-chhau, hua-gím chhu-peng kap hua-gím siû-chúi mā ke-ke kiám-kiám ū kiat-ha̍p bú-tō ê tōng-chok kap ki-su̍t. Bú-gē ê hêng-thâu kap bú-tō iā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hông chò-hoé pí-kàu, sīm-chì hō͘-siong éng-hióng.

Ū ê bú-tō sī chāi-tiûⁿ ê lâng saⁿ-kap chham-ú--ê, ū ê sī ūi-tio̍h siā-kau iah piáu-ián ê khí-tì ūi koan-chiòng chìn-hêng--ê. Bú-tō pún-sin kiám-chhái sī tián-lé iah lé ê 1 pō͘-hūn, mā ū khó-lêng sī tàu-sài ê hāng-bo̍k, he̍k-sī kan-taⁿ beh ín-khí lâng ê chêng-io̍k. Bú-tō ū khó-lêng bô tài tia̍t-sû ê ì-gī, m̄-koh mā hoān-sè chhin-chhiūⁿ chin chē A-chiu bú-tō kāng-khoán, kin-pún sī 1 chióng piáu-sī ì-sù, ū tāi-piáu-sèng ê kang-khū. Gē-su̍t-ka oan-nā thàu-koè thiàu-bú lâi kā siūⁿ-hoat, chêng-kám piáu-hiān--chhut-lâi, iah-chiá-sī piáu-ta̍t 1 ê kò͘-sū.

Pian-bú sī chhòng-chō bú-tō ê gē-su̍t, pian-bú ê lâng tō-sī pian-bú-chiá (pian-bú-ka).
La-jí-oh hòng-sàng

**La-jí-oh** (, ) sī 1 chióng bû-soàⁿ (bô chiap soàⁿ) thoân-sàng sìn-hō ê ki-su̍t kap ke-khì, nā it-poaⁿ kóng "la-jí-oh", sī chí chiap-siu ê ke-khì khah-chē. Ki-su̍t-tek iōng-sû, sī "hòng-sàng", "la-jí-oh hòng-sàng" iah-sī "kóng-pò". La-jí-oh thoân-sàng--ê sìn-sit chú-iàu sī siaⁿ-im, thoân-sàng ê hong-sek, sī kā pîn-lu̍t khah-kē koè khó-kiàn-kng (lâng ba̍k-chiu khoàⁿ-ē-tio̍h ê kng-soàⁿ) ê tiān-chû-pho, thàu-koè tiâu-piàn kòng-chè, lâi thoân-chhut bô-kâng ê sìn-hō.

Thâu-chêng kóng ê tiān-chû-pho sī ēng tiān-chû-tiûⁿ chín-tōng ê hong-sek, thong-koè khòng-khoah ê khong-kan lâi thoân-sàng--ê, i pún-sin bô-su-iàu lēng-goā ê mûi-kài. Chu-sìn in-ūi tiān-pho ê bó͘-chi̍t-koá sèng-chit (pí-lūn-kóng chín-pak kap pîn-lu̍t), keng-koè tiâu-piàn sán-seng ū-hē-thóng ê piàn-hoà, ta̍t-sêng chih-chài bô-kâng ê sín-sit ê bo̍k-tek. La-jí-oh hòng-sàng ê tiān-pho nā thoân lâi tī tiān-tō-thé (chiap-siu ê ke-khì ê chú-iàu pō͘-hūn), chín-tōng ê tiān-chû-tiûⁿ tō ē ín-khí tō-thé lāi-té ê kau-liû-tiān piàn-hoà, che tiān-liû ē-tàng koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ choán-oāⁿ chò im-siaⁿ he̍k-chiá-sī pa̍t-hāng tài chu-sìn ê sìn-hō. Í-siōng tō-sī la-jí-oh ê ki-pún goân-lí.
Hì-kio̍k

**Hì-kio̍k** (戲劇) sī piáu-ián gē-su̍t ê 1 ê hun-ki, i piáu-hiān ê chhiú-lō͘, ki-pún-tek lâi kóng, tō sī tī koan-chiòng ê bīn-thâu-chêng, thàu-koè oē-kù, hêng-thâu, khut-sè, é-hì, ka-lé (pau-koat ang-á), im-ga̍k, bú-tō, im-siaⁿ, pò͘-tah, tia̍t-sû hāu-kó téng-téng, lâi chò piáu-ián. Lán thang kóng hì-kio̍k kā pa̍t-hāng piáu-ián gē-su̍t ê sêng-hun lóng sú-iōng--ji̍p-lâi-a. Hofstra Tāi-ha̍k ê kàu-siū Bernard Beckerman kā hì-kio̍k tēng-gī chò: "hì-kio̍k hoat-seng tī 1 ê he̍k-chiá-sī koh-khah chē jîn-lūi, tiàm tī chiàm-khui ê khong-kan kap/iah sî-kan lāi-té, kā in pún-sin tián-hiān hō͘ lēng-goā 1 ê lâng iah-sī pa̍t-tīn lâng ê sî." Siōng-sù-siông koh tan-sûn ê èng-ta̍p hêng-sek lia̍h-goā, hì-kio̍k koh ū chē-che khoán-sek, pí-lūn o͘-phiat-á, koa-á-hì, ballet, é-hì, kabuki, ka-lé-hì, phoê-kâu-hì, bú-tâi-kio̍k, pò͘-tē-hì téng-téng.
Auguste Rodin

**Auguste Rodin** (1840 nî 11 goe̍h 12 – 1917 nî 11 goe̍h 17) chhut-sì ê sî hō-chò **François-Auguste-René Rodin**, sī Hoat-kok ê gē-su̍t-ka, i ê tiau-khek siāng ū-miâ. Rodin sī khah thong-lâng-chai ê tiau-khek-ka. *[[Tîm-su-chiá]]* (Le Penseur) sī Rodin chin chhut-miâ ê chok-phín.
Ô͘-phiat-á

**O͘-phiat-á** sī chi̍t khoán bô chiàu thoân-thóng hêng-sek an-pâi, phòe-ha̍p sin-sek im-ga̍k he̍k-chiá chú-tê kap lōe-iông ê koa-á-hì.

"O͘-phiat-á" khó-lêng sī Se-iûⁿ koa-ke̍k *[[opera]]* ê choán-im, chóng-sī in m̄-sī ēng Se-iûⁿ im-ga̍k ê siaⁿ-ga̍k hong-sek ián-chhiùⁿ.
Ut-kim-hiong

**Ut-kim-hiong** (*Tulipa*) sī pek-ha̍p-kho (*Liliaceae*) ut-kim-hiong-sio̍k ê si̍t-bu̍t, ē-kha tāi-iok ū 100 chéng.

## Chú-iàu ê chéng

## Goā-pō· liân-kiat

* Canadian National Capital Commission: The Gift of Tulips 
* Bulb flower production »  Tulip, International Flower Bulb Centre
* Tulip Picture Book, International Flower Bulb Centre
Raffaello Sanzio

**Raffaello Sanzio** ia̍h **Raffaello** (1483 nî 4 goe̍h 6 – 1520 nî 4 goe̍h 6) sī Italia bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng sî-kî ê toā oē-ka kiam kiàn-tio̍k-su (architect), i ê oē chiūⁿ-chiàⁿ (perfection) koh ngá-khì (grace). *[[Atene Ha̍k-īⁿ]]* (Scuola di Atene) sī Raffaello chin ū-miâ ê chok-phín.

Lūi-pia̍t:Oē-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng jîn-bu̍t
Broadway im-ga̍k-kio̍k

**Broadway im-ga̍k-kio̍k**, thang chí tī Bí-kok New York Chhī ê Broadway khu-he̍k poaⁿ-ián ê im-ga̍k-kio̍k, mā ē-sái ēng lâi kóng lóng-chóng ū Broadway sū-tài-luh ê im-ga̍k-kio̍k.

Tī Bí-kok New York khu-he̍k poaⁿ-ián ê im-ga̍k-kio̍k, nā khah khoah-bīn khoàⁿ, í tē-khu kap siū hoan-gêng ê têng-tō͘, koh ē-sái hun-chò 3 chióng, chit 3 chióng sī: **Broadway**, **Off Broadway**, kap **Off Off Broadway**.

"Off Off Broadway ū chám-jiân-á chē si̍t-giām hì-kio̍k ê khoán-sek, phiò-kè mā siōng sio̍k, nā-chún bē liáu hó, tō ē hông soá lâi Off Broadway koh thoân-lô, kan-taⁿ put-chí-á chhèng, chám-jiân-á siū hoan-gêng--ê, chiah ē tī Broadway poaⁿ.

Tùi tē-khu lâi hun, tī New York Chī ê Broadway toā-thong téng-koân, 44 Ke kah 53 Ke tiong-kan ê hì-hn̂g tō-sī lāi-Broadway (iā-tō-sī Broadway), nā Broadway toā-thong 41 kap 56 Ke téng-koân ê hì-hn̂g tō kiò-chò Off Broadway.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hì-kio̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok bûn-hòa
Hoat-lûn-kong

縮圖
**Hoat-lûn-kong** (Hàn-jī: 法輪功), mā kiò chòe **Hoat-lûn Tāi-hoat** (法輪大法), sī 1992 nî-tāi Lí Hông-chì (李洪志) tī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k chhòng-li̍p ê chit chióng khì-kong chong-kàu. 1999 nî khai-sí, Tiong-kiōng jīm-tēng Hoat-lûn-kong sī siâ-kàu, chhú-té Hoat-lûn-kong chó͘-chit, pek-hāi sìn-tô͘. Hiān-chú-sî, Hoat-lûn-kong chú-iàu tī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k í-gōa ê kok-ka kah tē-khu hoat-tián.
Bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ

**Bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ** sī bô phoè siaⁿ-im, tia̍t-pia̍t sī bô kâng-sî tùi-oē im-siaⁿ ê iáⁿ-hì.

Hō͘ tiān-iáⁿ ū phoè siaⁿ-im ê siūⁿ-hoat, ē-sái kóng kap tiān-iáⁿ ê le̍k-sú pêⁿ kú-tn̂g. M̄-koh in-ūi ki-su̍t ê būn-tê, 1920 nî-tāi oáⁿ-kî chìn-chêng, toā-pō͘-hūn tiān-iáⁿ lóng bô-siaⁿ.

1927 nî, sè-kài thâu-chi̍t-chhut ū-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ *[[The Jazz Singer]]* chiah chhut-hiān, tī che chìn-chêng, siū-tio̍h bô siaⁿ ê chè-hān, ū khai-hoat chē-chē ki-su̍t lâi chhù-lí koan-sióng ê būn-tê, chiah-ê choh-hoat mā tī hiān-tāi tiān-iáⁿ kè-sio̍k sú-iōng. Pí-lūn kóng: chhut-tiûⁿ ê jîn-bu̍t ê tùi-oē ēng jī-bō͘ piáu-hiān, ián-oân ê khoe-hâi tio̍h khah hiàn-táu téng-téng.

Bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ hóng-sàng ê sî, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ēng ga̍k-thoân lâi phoāⁿ-chàu, tán ū-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ ê ki-su̍t si̍t-chè èng-iōng liáu-āu, bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ mā tī hòng-sàng ê sî ka-siōng siaⁿ-tō (*sound track*), hō-chò ū-siaⁿ-pán (*sound version*).

Tī bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ ê sî-tāi, Ji̍t-pún kap Tâi-oân tī iáⁿ-hì leh pàng ê sî, ē ū piān-sū kāng-sî-chūn chò loē-iông ê kái-soeh, hit-tang-chūn mā chhut-hiān chi̍t-koá chhut-miâ ê piān-sū.
Chu-pún-chú-gī

**Chu-pún-chú-gī** (资本主义) sī keng-chè ê 1 khoán kiat-kò͘ iah-sī kóng hē-thóng, chit-khoán kiat-kò͘ sī 1 chióng chhú chu-pún ê liû-tōng chò ki-pún goân-lí ê chè-tō͘. Thâu-chêng kóng ê chu-pún, sī chí tī siā-hoē tâu-ji̍p hoè-pè, chia-ê hoè-pè keng-koè tī siā-hoē--ni̍h liû-tōng liáu-āu, tâu-chu-chiá thang siu-tio̍h pí tâu-ji̍p koh-khah chē ê hoè-pè, nā chiah-ê hoè-pè (chîⁿ), tō-sī it-poaⁿ só͘ kóng ê chu-pún.

Hoat-kok Kek-bēng hit-chām-á, chē-chē lâng tùi siā-hoē keng-chè ê toā-hoat-tián khai-sí ū jú lâi jú chhim-tîm ê su-khó, khan-sia̍p-tio̍h sán-gia̍p kek-bēng ê chhui-tián, keng-koè 18~19 sè-kí liáu-āu khak-tēng--lo̍h-lâi ê toā-liōng seng-sán ê khoán-sek, kap seng-sán hām keng-chè thé-hē kái-î, chō-sêng ê sin ê sòng-hiong (kap khó͘-oāⁿ, ki-hng kap e̍k-pēⁿ téng-téng thian-chai bô-tī-tāi--ê, siā-hoē kiat-kò͘ só͘-tì ê chhám-chheh), chin chē lâng ū chò gián-kiù, pēng-chhiáⁿ tùi siā-hoē hoa̍t-tōng ê si̍t-chè hiān-siōng thê-chhut soat-bêng, chit lāi-té Karl Marx tī 19 sè-kí tiong-kî, tiàm i ê tù-chok Chu-pún-lūn--ni̍h, sī kā chu-pún-chú-gī tēng-gī chò "seng-sán chhiú-lō͘ chi̍p-tiong tī chió-sò͘ ê chu-pún-ka chhiú--ni̍h, lēng-goā ū toā-to-sò͘ ê lô͘-tōng-chiá, tû-khì chhut-bē ka-tī ê lô͘-tōng-le̍k, bô pa̍t-hāng seng-oa̍h hong-sek ê séng-sán khoán-sek."

Chu-pún-chú-gī pún-sin, tī bô-kâng ê ha̍k-kho, ha̍k-chiá kap ha̍k-phài lāi-té, sīm-chì tī phó-thong bîn-chiòng ê oē-gí tiong-kan, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū tēng-gī téng-koân kài toā ê cheng-chha tī-leh, che sī lán leh sú-iōng chit-ê sû ê sî-chūn, tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài sè-jī ê só͘-chāi.
Sí-hái

**Sí-hái** (Hi-pek-lâi-gú: יָם חַמֶלַח‎, yam ha-melaħ, "Kiâm Hái"; Hiān-tāi Piau-chún A-la-pek-gí: بَحْر ألمَيْت, baħrᵘ l- mayitⁱ, "Sí Hái") sī tiàm tī Sai-hoāⁿ Í-sek-lia̍t kap Iok-tàn tiong-ng ê iâm ô͘.
Sèng-keng Tâi-gí Hàn-jī Pún

**Sèng-keng Tâi-gí Hàn-jī Pún** (聖經台語漢字本) sī chi̍t-pún iōng hàn-jī su-siá ê Tâi-gí Sèng-keng. Chit-pún Sèng-keng sī tit-chiap chiông Pa-khek-lé bo̍k-su ê Sin-kū-iok ê Sèng-keng hoan-siá chò hàn-jī. 1996 nî chhiaⁿ-goe̍h, Tâi-oân Sèng-keng Kong-hōe chhut-pán.

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
*Âng-phôe Sèng-keng
*Hiān-tāi Tâi-gú Sin-iok Sèng-keng
*Sin-kū-iok ê Sèng-keng
Andy Warhol

**Andy Warhol** () sī Bí-kok ê gē-su̍t-ka, pop gē-su̍t ūn-tōng ê toā kioh-siàu. *[[Campbell Thng Koàn-thâu]]* (Campbell's Soup Cans) sī Warhol chin ū-miâ ê chok-phín.
Kiōng-sán-tóng Soan-giân

**Kiōng-sán-tóng Soan-giân** (Tek-gí: Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei) sī tī 1848 nî 2--goa̍h 21 hoat-piáu--ê, chit-hūn bûn-kiāⁿ, thang kóng sī thong-sè-kài siōng-kài ū éng-hióng-le̍k ê chèng-tī bûn-kiāⁿ--ni̍h ê 1 hūn. 

Soan-giân ê chok-chiá sī Kiōng-sán-chú-gī ê 2 ê lí-lūn-ka Friedrich Engels kap Karl Marx, in siū Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá Tông-bêng kau-kō͘, tī chit-hūn bûn-kiāⁿ lāi-té piáu-ta̍t Tông-bêng ê bo̍k-piau kap kè-e̍k. Iok-kî-liok ê chú-tê sī beh thàu-koè bú-sán-kai-kip kek-bēng ê hêng-tōng koè-têng, lâi ián-tó chu-sán-kai-kip ê siā-hoē tì-sū, siōng-boé--a thang si̍t-hiān bû-kai-kip koh bû-kok-ka ê siā-hoē.
Studio system

**Studio system** sī Eng-gí-sû, ì-sù sī **tiān-iáⁿ chè-chok kong-si ê hē-thóng**, i sī chí Bí-kok ê Hollywood ùi 1920 nî-tāi chho͘-kî kàu 1950 nî-tāi chho͘-kî, tiān-iáⁿ ê chè-chok kap siau-thâu ê chù-iàu hē-thóng kap chhiú-lō͘. Chit-ê hē-thóng si̍t-chè-siōng ê choh-hoat pau-koat:

*Toā-keng ê tiān-iáⁿ chè-chok kong-si ēng tn̂g-kî ê khè-io̍k chhiàⁿ ū chhòng-ì ê jîn-oân lâi phah-phìⁿ, in phah ê tiān-iáⁿ, chú-iàu lóng tī in ka-tī ê phah-phìⁿ-tiûⁿ chìn-hêng.

*Thàu-koè the̍h-tio̍h só͘-iú-koân iah kî-thaⁿ ū-sū-sái ê hong-sek lâi chiám-ak hoè-kha (tiān-iáⁿ ê hun-siau-siong) kap hì-hn̂g, ta̍t-sêng thán-khiā ê chéng-hoē (*vertical integration*). Bo̍k-tek sī beh sú-iōng chù-bûn ê ki-su̍t lâi khòng-chè kap khak-tēng tiān-iáⁿ ê siau-lō͘.

1948 nî Bí-kok Choè-ko Hoat-īⁿ phoàⁿ-koat chit-lō hun-siau kap hòng-sàng ê chhiú-lō͘ ûi-hoat, chō-sêng chit-ê hē-thóng chin kín tō pang-pāi--khì. 1954 nî, siōng-boé 1 ê toā-keng chè-chok kong-si kap hì-hn̂g ê cho͘-ha̍p kiat-sok, Studio system ê sî-tāi mā kàu chia kiâⁿ ji̍p le̍k-sú. Ùi thâu-chi̍t-chhut ū-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ (1927) chhut-hiān, it-ti̍t kah hoat-īⁿ phoàⁿ-koat ûi-hoat, tì-sú Studio system ê cho͘-ha̍p hun-thiah (1927/29–1948/49), chit-toāⁿ sî-kan, phó-thong mā kiò-chò Hollywood ê N̂g-kim Nî-tāi (the Golden Age of Hollywood).
William Hogarth

**William Hogarth** (1697 nî 11 goe̍h 10 &ndash; 1764 nî 10 goe̍h 26) sī Eng-tē í-chá ê oē-ka kiam pán-oē-ka. Hogarth sī ang-á-tô͘ (comic strip) ê sian-hêng-chiá, mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ oē-tô͘ lâi khoe-sé hiàng-sî ê chèng-tī kap hong-sio̍k.
Gû-kho

**Gû-kho** (*Bovidae*) sī chi̍t lūi chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t.

## Hun-lūi
Ē-té sī chiàu Gatesy et al. (1997) kap Gentry et al. (1997) gián-kiù só͘ chò ê hun-chi-tiû.
Lo̍k-kho

**Lo̍k-kho** (*Cervidae*) sī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi, it-poaⁿ lán lóng kiò in **lo̍k/lo̍k-á **, sī ē hoan-chháu ê ngó͘-tê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t.
Siā-hiuⁿ-lo̍k

**Siā-hiuⁿ-lo̍k** (*Moschus*) sī Moschidae kho Moschus sio̍k ê ngó͘-tê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, ē-kha ū 4 chéng.
Chúi-lo̍k

**Chúi-lo̍k** (*Cervus unicolor*) sī lo̍k-kho ê ngó͘-tê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t.

### A-tsíng

=Guā-pōo liân-kiat==

*Hunting sambar in New Zealand
*Sambar deer in New Zealand and their distribution
James Patterson

**James B. Patterson** (1947 nî 3 goe̍h 22 &mdash;) sī Bí-kok chok-ka, the̍h koè chin chē chióng.  Patterson chá-chêng tī kóng-kò kong-si chia̍h-thâu-lō͘, boé--á tì-sim siá-chok. Ēng hoat-têng sim-lí-ha̍k-ka Alex Cross chò chú-kak ê kúi-nā pún siáu-soat, sī Patterson siāng chhut-miâ ê chok-phín.
Hóe-ke

**Hóe-ke** (*Meleagris*) sī Meleagridinae a-kho Meleagris sio̍k ê chiáu-á, ē-kha ū 2 chéng. Hóe-ke ê goân-sán-tē sī Pak Bí-chiu, ū iá-seng--ê mā ū chò cheng-seⁿ chhī.
Thian-gô

**Thian-gô** (*Cygnus*) sī chi̍t chióng tōa-hêng ê chiáu-á. Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi sio̍k **thian-gô-sio̍k** (*Cygnus*) ê pín-chéng lóng-sī.
Tâi-oân hoe-lo̍k

**Tâi-oân hoe-lo̍k** (ha̍k-miâ: *Cervus nippon taiouanus*) sī hoe-lo̍k ê Tâi-oân te̍k-iú a-chéng.
Chan Chàu-châi

**Chan Chàu-châi** (hàn-jī: 曾灶財, ) chū-chheng "**Kiú-liông hông-tè**", chin-miâ **Chan Châi**, sī Hiong-káng chi̍t-miâ ke-téng lōan-chō-chiá, lōan-chō chhòng-chok kun ûi-ēng mô·-pit su-siá ê hàn-jī. Hêng-bûn kóng-su̍t ka-kī í-ki̍p ka-cho̍k ê kòe-óng sū-chek, í-ki̍p *soan-sī* tio̍h Kiú-liông ê "chú-kôan", in-chhú tit "Kiú-liông hông-tè" chi̍t chheng-hō.
Seymour Benzer

**Seymour Benzer** () sī Bí-kok 1 ūi to-châi ê bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka, hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka (molecular biologist) kiam hêng-ûi ûi-thoân-ha̍k-ka (behavioral geneticist).  I ê gián-kiù chèng-bêng ki-in m̄ sī bē-tàng koh-chài hun-sek ê ki-pún tan-ūi; si̍t-chè-siōng, tu̍t-piàn (mutations) ē-tàng hun-pō͘ tī kāng ê ki-in ê bô kāng tiám, pau-koah 1 ê he̍k-kam-sng (nucleotide) ê cheng-chha.
Jonathan Weiner

**Jonathan Weiner** sī 1 ūi Bí-kok chok-ka. Weiner ū 1 pún chheh *[[Finch ê Chhùi]]* (The Beak of the Finch), leh biâu-siá Galápagos Kûn-tó ê ián-hoà, ûi-thoân ham khoân-kéng ê koan-hē, bat the̍h tio̍h 1995 nî hui-siáu-soat-lūi ê Pulitzer Chióng.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Jonathan Weiner kò-jîn bāng-chām
Roald Hoffmann

**Roald Hoffmann** () sī lí-lūn hoà-ha̍k-ka (theoretical chemist) kiam si-jîn. Hoffmann bat the̍h koè 1981 nî ê Nobel Hoà-ha̍k-chióng. Hiān-chhú-sî tī Cornell Tāi-ha̍k kà-chheh.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Si-jîn
George C. Williams

**George Christopher Williams** (1926 nî 5 goe̍h 12 &mdash;) sī Bí-kok ê ián-hoà seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka (evolutionary biologist). Williams tāi-seng thê-chhut chū-jiân soán-te̍k sī tī ki-in chân-chhù lâi ūn-chok ê ki-in soán-te̍k lí-lūn (gene selection theory). 1999 nî kap Ernst Mayr and John Maynard Smith chò-hoé the̍h tio̍h Crafoord Seng-bu̍t-kho-ha̍k Chióng. I mā sī ián-hoà i-ha̍k (evolutionary medicine) ê thê-chhiòng-chiá.
Ahmed Zewail

**Ahmed Hassan Zewail** (; ) sī Bí-kok ê kho-ha̍k-ka, in-ūi gián-kiù femto-hoà-ha̍k (femtochemistry), the̍h tio̍h 1999 nî Nobel Hoà-ha̍k Chióng. 1993 nî mā bat the̍h tio̍h Wolf Chióng. 

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Ahmed Zewail tī Caltech ê bāng-chām  

Lūi-pia̍t:Ai-ki̍p jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok kho-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Wolf Hòa-ha̍k Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k-ka
Walter Kohn

**Walter Kohn** () sī tī Ò-tē-lī Wien chhut-sì ê Bí-kok lí-lūn bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka. 1998 nî Kohn kap John Pople chò-hoé the̍h tio̍h Nobel Hoà-ha̍k Chióng, piáu-chiong in thê-seng tùi bu̍t-chit ê tiān-chú sèng-chit ê lí-kái. Kohn sī bi̍t-tō͘ hâm-sò͘ lí-lūn (density functional theory) ê khai-ki-chó͘, chit ê lí-lūn hō͘ lâng ē-tàng teh chhú-lí tiān-chú bi̍t-tō͘ (electronic density) ê sî kā liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k (quantum mechanical) ê hāu-èng mā chò-tīn khó-lū (m̄-bián ēng chē chē chē kò-piat ê pho-hâm-sò͘ lâi chhú-lí). Án-ni-siⁿ, kè-sǹg tō ke chin kán-tan; tùi tiān-chú, goân-chú, hun-chú ê kiat-kò͘ mā ke khah hó liáu-kái.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok kho-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k-ka