Siōng-hái-chhī

**Siōng-hái-chhī** (上海市), kán-chheng **Hō͘** (滬), pia̍t-chheng **Sin** (申), Tiong-kok siōng tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, tiàm-tī Tiong-kok tang-pō͘ iân-hái, Tiông-kang chhut-hái-kháu ê lâm-sì. Siōng-hái sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú tiong-iong ti̍t-hat-chhī, sī hiān-chú-sî Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k keng-chè siāng-kài hoat-ta̍t ê só͘-chāi.

## Tē-lí
Siōng-hái-chhī ê tē-lí chō-piau sī pak-úi 31°14′, tang-keng 121°29′, tú-hó tī Tiong-kok lâm-pak hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tiong-tn̂g, i ê tang-pêng óa Tang-hái, lâm—sì Hâng-chiu-oan, sai-pêng hām Kang-so·-séng, Chiat-kang-séng sio-chiap, pak-pêng Tiông-kang lo̍h-hái-kháu. 
Chôan-chhī chóng bīn-chek 2,648.6 k㎡. Ha̍t-khu lāi ū chi̍t-ê Tiong-kok tē-3 tōa ê tó-sū, hō-chòe Chông-bêng-tó (崇明島), bīn-chek 1041 k㎡.
Siōng-hái-chhī ê khì-hāu sio̍k-î a-jiât-tài kùi-hong khì-hāu, m̄-nā sio-lō, jî-chhiáⁿ iū-koh tâm-sip. Chit-tah sù-kùi bêng-hián, chhut-ji̍t ê sî-kan tn̂g, hō͘-chúi mā chiâⁿ chhiong-chiok. Chhun, chhiu 2 kùi khah té; tang, hē 2 kùi khah tn̂g. Hō͘-chúi-kî chú-iàu chi̍p-tiong tī chhun-chúi-poe-hō͘ (chhun-chúi-hîⁿ-hō͘ / 春雨) , bông-chéng-hō͘ (梅雨) kah chhiu-hō͘ (秋雨) chit 3 ê sî-kan-tōaⁿ.

## Hêng-chèng khu-e̍k
Siōng-hái-chhī lóng-chóng 16 ê chhī-ha̍t-khu.

*Bín-hâng-khu (閔行區)
*Chēng-an-khu (靜安區)
*Chheng-phó͘-khu (青浦區)
*Chông-bêng-khu (崇明區)
*Hōng-hiân-khu (奉賢區)
*Hông-kháu-khu (虹口區)
*Hông-phó͘-khu (黃浦區)
*Iông-phó͘-khu (楊浦區)
*Ka-tēng-khu (嘉定區)
*Kim-san-khu (金山區)
*Phó͘-tô-khu (普陀區)
*Phó͘-tong Sin-khu (浦東新區)
*Pó-san-khu (寶山區)
*Siông-kang-khu (松江區)
*Chhî-hoē-khu (徐匯區)
*Tiông-lêng-khu (長寧區)

## Le̍k-sú
Siōng-hái sī le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, thiaⁿ-í-kóng 6,000 gōa nî chêng to̍h ū jîn-lūi seng-o̍ah tī chia. 
Ah nā chin-chiàⁿ ū siâng-sè le̍k-sú kì-chài, sī ùi Tông-tiâu khai-sí. It-ti̍t kàu-kah Tē-it-chhù A-phiàn Chiàn-cheng chìn-chêng, Siāng-hái lóng-sī sio̍k-î Kang-so͘-séng ê ha̍t-khu hōan-ûi. Che í-āu, Siāng-hái chiâⁿ-chòe Chheng-tiâu Ngó·-kháu thong-siong ê kî-tiong chi̍t-ê káng-kháu, sī gōa-kài chhut-ji̍p Tiong-kok lāi-lio̍k ê tiōng-iàu thong-tō. Kàu-kah 20 sè-kí jī, saⁿ cha̍p nî-tāi ê sî-chūn, Siōng-hái to̍h í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Óan-tang tē-it tōa ê tō͘-chhī kah kim-iông tiong-sim.

1949 nî í-āu, tōa-to-sò͘ ê châi-thôan ùi Siōng-hái poaⁿ-khì Hiong-kang. Sui-bóng sī án-ne, hit-sî ê Siāng-hái iu-gôan sī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k ê kang-gia̍p tiong-sim. Bûn-hòa tāi kek-bēng ê sî-chūn, Siāng-hái sī sì-lâng-pang siāng tiāng-iàu ê kin-kì-tē.

20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi bóe-kî, Tēng Siáu-pêng chīuⁿ-tâi, Tiong-kok ho̍ah-ji̍p kái-kek khai-hòng ê nî-tāi. Chhú-khì, Siāng-hái chit-ê kok-ka keng-chè tiong-sim, i ê tē-ūi put-tōan siū-tio̍h lâm-hng kài chōe siâⁿ-chhī ê thiáu-chiàn, te̍k-pia̍t sī 5 ê keng-chè te̍k-khu. Put-jî-kò, 90 nî-tāi í-āu, Siāng-hái ê keng-chè hoat-tián chiâⁿ kín, chiah koh khak-pó tio̍h i tī Tiong-kok keng-chè, kim-iông kah bō͘-e̍k chit 3 ê tiōng-iàu léng-he̍k ê tiong-sim tē-ūi. 1993 nî Phó·-tang-khu ê khai-hoat, koh-khah sī ka-sok siâⁿ-chhī hoat-tián ê sok-tō͘. Bo̍k-chiân ê Siāng-hái, múi-tang ê **lâng pêng-kun [[GDP]]** pó-chhî tio̍h chhiau-kòe 10% ê sok-tō͘ tī-leh cheng-tióng.

## Keng-chè
Hiān-chú-sî, Siāng-hái sī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k keng-chè siōng hoat-ta̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī. Chām-chí 2003 nî, Siāng-hái-chhī lâng pêng-kun GDP chiong-kin 5700 kho· Bí-kim, jî-chhiáⁿ sio-liân-sòa chiâⁿ-cha̍p-nî pêng-kun keng-chè cheng-tióng chhiau-kòe 10%. Bo̍k-chiân Siāng-hái-chhī ê keng-chè kiat-kò· í tē-saⁿ sán-gia̍p ( ho̍k-bū-gia̍p ) ûi chú, kî-tiong siōng tiōng-iàu—ê sán-gia̍p pau-koah kim-iông gia̍p, pâng-tē-sán gia̍p, pó-hiám gia̍p kah ūn-su gia̍p. Phó͘-tang Sin-khu sī Siōng-hái sin—ê kim-iông tiong-sim, chôan-kiû 500 kiông khì-gia̍p tang-tiong, ū khah-ke chi̍t-pòaⁿ ê khì-gia̍p tī chia siat-li̍p hun kong-si a̍h-sī pān-su-chhù.

Siōng-hái ê kang-gia̍p ôan-á chiâⁿ hoat-ta̍t, kang-gia̍p chóng sán-ta̍t chiàm kàu chôan-kok ê 1 siâⁿ khah-ke. Siāng-hái ê kang-gia̍p siōng-kài chú-iàu—ê sī pháng-chit, tāng-kang-gia̍p, iá-kim (冶金), se̍k-iû hòa-kang (石油化工), ki-hâi (機械) kah tiān-chú kang-gia̍p.
 
Che i-gōa, iáu-koh ū khì-chhia, hâng-khong, hâng-thian chiah-ê kang-gia̍p sêng-hūn.

Siāng-hái-chhī, lông-gia̍p ê pí-lē chiâⁿ sè, tāi-iok kan-na chiàm keng-chè chóng-gia̍h ê 1.7% niā-niā.

Siāng-hái-káng sī se-Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tē-khu siōng-kài hôan-bâng ê káng-kháu chit-it, káng-kháu ê thun-thò·-liōng liōng-kî-iok chiàm kàu chôan-kok chóng-gia̍h ê 1/3, bo̍k-chiân tng-leh kiàn-siat ê tōa-hêng chhim-chúi-káng ( miâ hō·-chòe Iûⁿ-soaⁿ-káng ), múi-chi̍t-nî, siat-kè ê chi̍p-chong-siuⁿ thun-thò͘-liōng ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu 1,500 bān phiau-siuⁿ.

1999 nî kah 2001 nî, Siāng-hái bat sêng-kong kú-pān kòe Châi-hù Chôan-kiû Lūn-tôaⁿ kah APEC (A-Thài Keng-ha̍p Chó͘-chit ) chit 2 tiûⁿ sēng-hōe. Chiong-lâi, Siōng-hái koh beh kú-pān Sè-kài Phok-lám-hōe ( 2010 nî ).

## Jîn-kháu chu-liāu
Kàu-kah 2003 nî, Siōng-hái chôan-chhī ê siông-chū jîn-kháu tāi-iok 1,711 bān lâng, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ sī 2116 lâng/k㎡.

Siōng-hái sī chôan-kok tē-it ê chhut-hiān jîn-kháu chū-jiân piàn-tōng hù-cheng-tióng ê séng-kip hêng-chèng-khu, jîn-kháu chū-jiân cheng-tióng-lu̍t ùi 1993 nî khai-sí to̍h chhut-hiān hù-cheng-tióng. 2003 nî, chôan-chhī hō͘-che̍k jîn-kháu chhut-seng-lu̍t sī 4.3‰, sī-bông-lu̍t sī 7.6‰, chū-jiân cheng-tióng-lu̍t sī -3.3‰.

## Bûn-hòa

Siōng-hái-chhī sī kok-ka le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, chôan-chhī lóng-chóng ū 16 ê chôan-kok tiōng-tiàm bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi.

Siōng-hái chāi-tē ê bûn-hòa, hō͘ lâng kiò-chòe " hái-phái bûn-hòa ", te̍k-sek sī kā Kang-Chiat ê thôan-thóng bûn-hòa kah kū Siāng-hái ê Au-Bí liû-hêng bûn-hòa chong-ha̍p chò-chi̍t-ē, hêng-sêng kài te̍k-pia̍t, kài sî-kiâⁿ ê hong-keh. Hiān-chú-sî ê Siōng-hái, mā ē-sái kóng sī chôan Tiong-kok siōng-kài pâi-chí, siōng-kài gōa-khùi ê siâⁿ-chhī.

Keng-chè hoat-tián mā tài-tāng bûn-hòa chìn-pō͘, kūn nî lâi, Siāng-hái-chhī kú-pān liáu chin chōe tōa-hêng ê kok-chè bûn-hòa o̍ah-tōng. Siāng-hái ū kúi-nā ūi kok-lāi siāng chán ê bûn-hoat tiûⁿ-só͘, pí-lūn kóng: 
* Siōng-hái Tōa Kio̍k-īⁿ
* Siōng-hái Phok-bu̍t-kóan
* Siōng-hái Tô·-su-kóan
* Siōng-hái Iáⁿ-sī-siâⁿ
* Siāng-hái Im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ

Siāng-hái ê kó͘ kiàn-tiok ôan-á chin ū te̍k-sek, tōa-to-sò· ê hoan-á-lâu pó-liû tio̍h 20 sè-kí chho·-kî se-iûⁿ kiàn-tiok ê hong-keh, iû-kî sī tī Siōng-hái Gōa-thoaⁿ (上海外灘) ê hit-phiàn **lâu-á-chhù**, tn̂g-kî hō͘ lâng khòaⁿ-chò sī Siāng-hái ê phiau-chì.

## Lú-iû
* Múi chi̍t tang hioh-jo̍ah ê sî-chūn (tāi-iok tī sin-le̍k 9--ge̍h ~ 10—ge̍h ), Siāng-hái-chhī lóng ài kú-pān kok-chè lú-iû-chiat, sî-kan sī 1 go̍eh-ji̍t kú. Chhiáⁿ chham-khó '''Siōng-hái Kok-chè Lú-iû-cheh'''  ê bāng-chām.
* 2004 nî, Siōng-hái bat kú-pān **Formula One (F1) ** tōa-chióng-sài Tiong-kok chām ê pí-sài, khip-ín tio̍h chiâⁿ-cha̍p-bān kok-lāi-gōa ê pêng-iú lâi chia khòaⁿ pí-sài.

2005 nî kàu-kah 2008 nî, Siāng-hái koh beh sio-liân-sòa kú-pān 3 kài ê **tāi-su-poe** bāng-kiû kong-khai-sài, múi nî 1 kài.

Thé-io̍k lú-iû, taⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Siāng-hái-chhī ê chiau-pâi sán-gia̍p.

### Chhut-miâ ê kéng-tiám
* Siāng-hái Gōa-thoaⁿ (上海外灘)
* Lâm-kiaⁿ-lō͘ pō͘-hêng-koe (南京路步行街)
* Sù-chhoan-pak-lō͘ siong-gia̍p-koe (四川北路商業街)
* Lâm-kiaⁿ se-lō͘ siong-gia̍p-koe (南京西路商業街)
* Sêng-hông-biō (城隍廟)
* Lio̍k-ka-chhùi kim-iông-khu (陸家嘴金融區)
** Tang-hong-bêng-chu tiān-sī-thah (東方明珠電視塔)
** Siōng-hái Sè-kí Kong-hn̂g (上海世紀公園)

## Ko-téng īⁿ-hāu
Siōng-hái-chhī taⁿ ū 800 gōa keng kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-só͘, 55 bān gōa kho-gián jîn-ôan. Chhut-miâ ê tāi-ha̍k īⁿ-hāu chin-chiàⁿ sī chē kah that-tó-ke. Khah chú-ià—ê sī:
* Hok-tàn Tāi-ha̍k (復旦大學)
* Siōng-hái Kau-thong Tāi-ha̍k (上海交通大學)
* Tông-chè Tāi-ha̍k (同濟大學)
* Hôa-tang Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k (華東理工大學)
* Hôa-tong Tāi-ha̍k (東華大學)
* Siōng-hái Gōa-kok-gú Tāi-ha̍k (上海外國語大學)
* Siāng-hái Châi-keng Tāi-ha̍k (上海財經大學)
* Siōng-hái Tāi-ha̍k(上海大學)
* Siōng-hái Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k (上海理工大學)
* Siōng-hái Kang-thêng-ki-sut Tāi-ha̍k (上海工程技術大學)
* Siōng-hái Chúi-sán Tāi-ha̍k (上海水產大學)
* Siāng-hái Tē-jī I-kho Tāi-ha̍k (上海第二醫科大學)
* Siāng-hái Tiong-i-io̍h Tāi-ha̍k (上海中醫藥大學)
* Siāng-hái Su-hōan Tāi-ha̍k (上海師範大學)
* Siāng-hái Hái-sū Tāi-ha̍k (上海海事大學)
* Siāng-hái Tiān-le̍k Ha̍k-īⁿ (上海電力學院)

## Siōng-hái-lâng
* Tiuⁿ Ài-lêng (張愛玲)
* Ńg Lêng-gio̍k (阮玲玉)
* Chîⁿ kî-thim (錢其琛)
* Sun Bûn (孫雯)
* Iâu Bêng (姚明)
* Lâu Siâng (劉翔)
* Pa Kim (巴金)

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* dự đoán bóng đá net 
* bóng đá xin
* Siōng-hái-chhī chèng-hú bāng-chām
* 2010 Siōng-hái Sè-phok-hōe 


Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê tit-hat-chhī