open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pho-lân ê Hun-koah

:*Pún bûn-chiong kài-siāu 18 sè-kí ê tāi-chì, nā 20 sè-kí ê hit kái hun-koah, khòaⁿ [[1939 nî Pho-lân Chiàm-niá]].*

**Pho-lân ê Hun-koah** sī chí Pho-lân Lietuva Kiōng-êng-kok tī 18 sè-kí bóe-kî ê 3 kái hun-koah. Tong-sî chiong Pho-lân hun-koah ê kok-ka sī Lō͘-se-a Tè-kok, Phó͘-ló͘-su Ông-kok, kap Habsburg Ò-tē-lī, che 3 hong kā goân-lâi ê Pho-lân léng-thó͘ koah ji̍p ka-tī ê chi-phòe hoān-ûi, tè-bé siau-bia̍t Pho-lân liân-sio̍k ê chú-khoân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pho-lân ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Lō͘-se-a Tè-kok
Lūi-pia̍t:Tek-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī ê le̍k-sú
Gibraltar Chiàn-tò͘ (1607 nî)

**Gibraltar Chiàn-tò͘** sī 1607 nî 4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t hoat-seng ê chi̍t pái hái-chiàn, sī Peh-cha̍p-nî Chiàn-cheng ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Tong-sî Hô-lân lām-tūi hiòng hioh tī Gibraltar Oan ê Se-pan-gâ lām-tūi hoat-tōng kong-kek, keng-kòe 4 tiám-cheng liáu-āu, Se-pan-gâ chûn tōa-hūn hông húi-hoāi--khì.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiàn-tò͘
Ki-lêng-tek m̄-bat-jī

**Ki-lêng-tek m̄-bat-jī** (Eng-gí: *functional illiteracy*) sī chí lâng ê tha̍k siá ê lêng-le̍k bô kàu thang chhù-lí chhiau-kòe ki-pún tha̍k-chheh thêng-tō͘ ê ji̍t-siông seng-goa̍h kap khang-khòe sū-bū. 

Ki-lêng-tek m̄-bat-jī m̄-sī giâm-keh ì-gī siōng ê m̄-bat-jī. Pún khài-liām iáu bô chin khak-tēng ê tēng-gī, chóng-sī ē-tàng chí sui-jiân ū hoat-tō͘ tha̍k siá kan-tan bûn-kù, m̄-koh koh bô hoat-tō͘ tī i só͘ seng-oa̍h ê siā-hōe ē-té chù-lí ji̍t-siông ê seng-oa̍h su-iàu. Pí-lūn kóng sui-jiân bat bē-chió jī, m̄-koh khòaⁿ bô sin-bûn-chóa bûn-chiong, bûn-su chok-gia̍p, ho̍k-cha̍p ê piau-tì kap kóng-kò téng mi̍h.
Tesima Aoi

**Tesima Aoi** (手嶌 葵; ) sī chi̍t-ūi Ji̍t-pún Hukuoka-koān chhut-sin ê koa-chhiú kiam phòe-im-oân.
Phòe-im

**Phòe-im** (配音) sī kā siaⁿ-im ka-ji̍p iáⁿ-phìn ê kòe-têng, it-poaⁿ sī teh kóng phòe-im-oân thè kak-sek phòe siaⁿ-im ê tōng-chok.
N̂g Bûn-te̍k

**N̂g Bûn-te̍k** (黃文擇; ) sī Tâi-oân N̂g Hái-tāi pò͘-tē-hì ka-cho̍k ê tē-saⁿ tāi sêng-oân; N̂g Chùn-hiông ê tē-jī ūi hāu-seⁿ.
Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì

**Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì** (霹靂布袋戲) sī Tâi-oân ùi 1980 nî-tāi khai-sí sin hoat-tián chhut-lâi ê chi̍t-chióng tiān-sī pò͘-tē-hì, lē-sio̍k Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé; iû táng-sū-tiúⁿ N̂g Kiông-hoâ kap hù-táng-sū-tiúⁿ N̂g Bûn-te̍k só͘ léng-tō chè-chok. Lōe-iông chhái-chhú tn̂g-phiⁿ tan-goân-kio̍k ê hong-sek lâi ián-chhut, ta̍k-chi̍t chhut kio̍k-chi̍p miâ-chheng ê thâu-chêng lóng siá "Phek-le̍k" 2-jī.

Bo̍k-chiân, Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì sī Phek-le̍k Kok-chè To-mûi-thé chú-táⁿ ê chok-phín, mā sī kong-si chú-iàu ê hêng-siōng lâi-goân. Hì-chhut tiong ê jîn-bu̍t Sò͘-hôan-chin, It-ia̍p-su kap Ia̍p Sió-the sī Phek-le̍k Tâi-oân Tâi ê tô͘-siōng siong-phiau. In-ūi Phek-le̍k Pò͘-tē-hì khip-ín liáu kóng-tāi ê koan-chiòng, hō͘ hì-chhut tiong ê chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t chiâⁿ-chò bē-chió koan-chiòng ê ngó͘-siōng. I-ê chiu-piⁿ siong-phín pau-hâm ang-á, kio̍k-chi̍p goân-siaⁿ-tài, tiān-náu, soàⁿ-téng iû-hì kap kî-thaⁿ jîn-bu̍t siong-phín.
Liông-sū

**Liông-sū** (, ，iok 150 nî – iok 250 nî), mā huat-im-tsoh **Liông-tshiū**, līng-guā koh i̍k-tsoh **Liông-sìng**() kā **Liông-bíng**() sī Hu̍t-kàu ê tiōng-iàu tiat-ha̍k-ka, keng-kòe i-ê Āryadeva kà-sī, i chhòng-li̍p liáu Madhyamaka phài.
## miâ-hō
I ê miâ sī a-tsiu-ná(), sī tsit-tsióng tshiū-á. kóo-tsá thuân-suat-ê bíng-tsiòng mà kiò tsit-ê miâ. i tsan-king khì-kuè Liông-kiong, kìnn-kuè Liông-ông, sóo-í lâng kā i kiò-tsoh Liông. khiu-môo-lô-si̍p kā i huan-tsoh Liông-sū.
Søren Kierkegaard

**Søren Aabye Kierkegaard** (Tan-be̍h-gí ho͘-im: [sɶːɐn ˈkʰiɐ̯ɡ̊əɡ̊ɒːˀ]; 1813 nî 5 goe̍h 5 ji̍t – 1855 nî 11 goe̍h 11 ji̍t) sī Tan-be̍h ê tiat-ha̍k-ka, sîn-ha̍k-ka kiam si-jîn. I sī chûn-chāi-chú-gī tiat-ha̍k ê khai-lō͘-chiá
Hippokrates

**Hippokrates** (Hi-lia̍p-gí: Ἱπποκράτης *Hippokrátēs*; iok ch. 460 nî – iok ch. 370 nî) sī Kó͘-tián Hi-lia̍p ê i-seng, sī i-ha̍k le̍k-sú siōng tiòng-iàu ê jîn-bu̍t, i chhòng-li̍p liáu te̍k-pia̍t ê i-ha̍k hun-iá, sī chiong i-ha̍k kiàn-li̍p chò chi̍t hāng choan-gia̍p ê khai-lō͘-chiá.
Herodotos

**Herodotos** (Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p-gí: Ἡρόδοτος *Hēródotos*; iok ch. 484 nî – iok ch. 425 nî) sī Hi-lia̍p ê le̍k-sú-ka, ùi Pho-su Tè-kok ê Halicarnassus chhut-sì. I chiong le̍k-sú tùi chá-chêng Homer sek ê thoân-thóng thoat-lî chhut--lâi, chiaⁿ chò sī chi̍t hāng hē-thóng-sèng, phoe-phòaⁿ-sèng siu-chi̍p chu-liāu kiàn-li̍p le̍k-sú sū-sū ê tiāu-cha khang-khòe.
Germaine Greer

thumb|Germaine Greer (2013)

**Germaine Greer** () sī Ò-chiu chhut-seⁿ, tī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok oa̍h-tāng ê chok-ka, 20 sè-kí āu pòaⁿ tōaⁿ tē-jī-pho lú-sèng-chú-gī ūn-tōng ê hoat-siaⁿ-chiá.
Giân-gí-tek khioh-siōng

**Giân-gí-tek khioh-siōng** (Eng-gí: *linguistic profiling*) sī chí kun-kù chi̍t-ê lâng kóng-ōe khiuⁿ-kháu lâi phòaⁿ-toān i ê siā-hōe te̍k-tiám. Pún lí-lūn chi̍t khai-sí sī ha̍k-chiá John Baugh hoat-tián lâi ké-soeh chha-pia̍t (*discrimination*) tī khiā-ke chhī-tiûⁿ ê chok-iōng. Āu--lâi chit-ê khài-liām mā hông èng-iōng tī hoat-lū sū-bū, thâu-lō͘ ki-hōe, kap kàu-io̍k téng hun-iá.

Giân-gí-tek khioh-siōng ê chi̍t lūi hau-kó sī pí-lūn in-ūi koan-hē khiuⁿ-kháu ê khek-pán ìn-siōng lâi éng-hióng khiā-ke ê chhú-tit; ia̍h sī in-ūi hong-giân ê sú-iōng éng-hióng tio̍h lâng tī kàu-io̍k téng sū-bū só͘ siū tio̍h ê tùi-thāi. Lēng-gōa mā ū chi̍t-ê hong-bīn ê gián-kiù sī pún khoán hiān-siōng kap cho̍k-hē kiau-ngō͘ ê koan-hē.

## Chham-khó

## Siong-koan su-bo̍k
*
Siā-hōe giân-gú-ha̍k

**Siā-hōe giân-gú-ha̍k** (Eng-gí: *sociolinguistics*) sī tùi giân-gú tī bûn-hòa kui-hoān, ū-kî kap pōe-kéng ē-té ê sú-iōng chêng-hêng kap giân-gú ê sú-iōng tùi siā-hōe ê éng-hióng.

## Siong-koan
* Giân-gú ê siā-hōe-ha̍k
Edward Gibbon

**Edward Gibbon** (1737 nî 5 goe̍h 8 ji̍t – 1794 nî 1 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Eng-lân ê le̍k-sú-ka kiam kok-hōe gī-oân. I ê tiōng-iàu chok-phín chi it sī 1776 nî kàu 1788 nî kî-kan hun 6 koàn chhut-pán ê *[[Lô-má Tè-kok Pāi-bông ê Le̍k-sú]]* (*The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire*).
Kawaii

**Kawaii** (可愛い "kha-óa-ih") sī Ji̍t-pún-ōe "khó-ài", "kó͘-chui" ê ì-sù. Kawaii ê khài-liām í-keng sī Ji̍t-pún tāi-chiòng bûn-hòa, ngô͘-lo̍k, chhēng-chhah téng tāi-chì téng-bín ê chi̍t khoán tiōng-iàu sêng-hun.

## Ēng-gí ké-soeh
*Kawaii* chit jī ùi Ji̍t-pún-ōe bûn-hoat-siōng sī hêng-iông-sû ê hêng-sek.
Hêng-iông-sû

**Hêng-iông-sû** sī tan-gí ê chi̍t khoán sû-sèng, kù-hoat-siōng ê chok-iōng sī kóng-bêng só͘ chí-tēng ê bêng-sû ia̍h sī bêng-sû phiàn-gí ê sèng-chit.
Princess

**Princess** ("phu-lín-se-suh") sī Eng-gí lāi-bīn kap *prince* (chhin-ông) tùi-tâng ê cha-bó͘ hêng-sek, it-poaⁿ sī piáu-sī kok-ông ia̍h chhin-ông ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, he̍k-chiá sī chhin-ông ê ông-hui.

Tī Tâi-gí, *princess* nā sī chí kok-ông ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ he̍k-chiá sī kî-tha ông-ka cha-bó͘-lâng ê sî, khah thong-sio̍k ê hoan-e̍k sī **[[kong-chú (hâm-thâu)|kong-chú]]** (公主).

*Princess* m̄-nā sī chèng-sek ê hâm-thâu, ū-sî mā chò tùi chhin-ông ê bó͘ ia̍h ong-ka cha-bó͘ ê lé-māu-sèng chheng-ho͘.

Lēng-gōa tī tāi-chiòng bûn-hòa lāi-bīn, "*princess*" mā hông ēng lâi chí chi̍t kóa chok-phín lāi-té bô it-tēng kap ông-ka ū koan-hē ê ta̍k khoán lú-sèng chú-kak jîn-bu̍t, pí-lūn "*Disney Princess*".

## Siong-koan
* Fürstin

Lūi-pia̍t:Ông-lú
Īⁿ-toan sím-mn̄g

**Īⁿ-toan sím-mn̄g** (Eng-gí: *Inquisition*) sī Thian-chú-kàu-hōe ē-té chi̍t khoán tùi-khòng īⁿ-toan (*heresy*) ê ki-koan. In tī 12 sè-kí hoat-kok chhut-hiān, tong-sî sī beh tùi-khòng chong-kàu-sèng ê hun-phài-chú-gī (*sectarianism*)
Hóe-hêng

**Hóe-hêng**, sī chí óa-khò sio hóe he̍k-chiá sī koân jia̍t chō-sêng sí-bông ê sí-hêng. Hóe-hêng siāng chai-miâ ê hêng-sek chi̍t khoán sī chiong lâng pa̍k tī thiâu-á téng tō hóe sió--sí, chit khoán hong-sek thang kiò chò **hóe-thiāu**.
Tn̂g Êng

**Tn̂g Êng** (唐榮; 1880 nî 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1963 nî 3 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê si̍t-gia̍p-ka, Hok-kiàn chhut-sì. I sī 1940 nî-tāi Tn̂g Êng Thih-kang-só͘ (chiàn-āu kái Tn̂g Êng Thih-kang-chhiúⁿ) ê chhòng-li̍p-chiá.
Tân Sûn-cheng

**Tân Sûn-cheng** (陳純精; 1878 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1944 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī-chiá, chò kòe Lô-tong-ke-tiúⁿ.
Lumière Hiaⁿ-tī

**Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière** (1862 nî 10 goe̍h 19 ji̍t – 1954 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) kap **Louis Jean Lumière** (1864 nî 10 goe̍h 5 ji̍t – 1948 nî 6 goe̍h 6 ji̍t), ia̍h hō chò **Lumière Hiaⁿ-tī**, sī siāng chá chè-chok tiān-iáⁿ ê lâng. In hoat-tián liáu kái-chìn ê ki-si̍t *[[cinematograph]]*.
Library Genesis

**Library Genesis**, he̍k-chiá hō **LibGen**, sī choan-bûn tī bûn-chiong kap su-che̍k ê chhiau-chhōe iân-jín (*search engine*), thê-kiong lâng tit-tio̍h ài-só͘-hùi lōe-iông ê bián-hùi liân-kiat.

In tī 2015 nî khai-sí kap Elsevier chi kan ū hoat-lu̍t koaⁿ-si, Elsevier chí-khòng LibGen thê-kiong lâng bûn-su ê hái-chhat liân-kiat.

## Siong-koan
* Sci-Hub

Lūi-pia̍t:BitTorrent bāng-chām
Lūi-pia̍t:Tóng-àn hun-hióng siā-khu
Elsevier

**Elsevier** (Hô-lân-gí ho͘-im: [ˈɛlzəviːr]) sī chi̍t keng kho-ha̍k, ki-su̍t, i-ha̍k chu-sìn ê thê-kiong-chiá, sī thong-sè-kài siāng tōa ê kâng lūi kong-si chi it.

In sī 1880 nî chhòng-li̍p--ê, hiān-chāi sī RELX Group chi̍t hūn-chú. In ê sán-phín ū ha̍k-su̍t-chì *[[The Lancet]]*, *[[Cell]]*, sòaⁿ-téng ho̍k-bū ScienceDirect téng hāng-bo̍k. 

Elsevier bí chi̍t tang keng-kòe 2,500 khoán khan-bu̍t chhut-pán liáu tāi-iok 400,000 phiⁿ ê bûn-chiong.

## Chham-khó
Ôta Goiti

**Ôta Goiti** (太田 吾一; ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê koaⁿ-liâu, pat chò kòe chêng Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú kàu-io̍k-khò-tiúⁿ, Ko-hiông-chiu, Tâi-tiong-chiu ti-sū téng ūi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-pak-chhī Chhī-tiúⁿ
Tân Súi-thâm

**Tân Súi-thâm** (陳水潭; 1897 nî 11 goe̍h 7 ji̍t – 1956 nî 2 goe̍h 14 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī-chiá. I sī i-su chhut-sin, āu-lāi pat chò Tâi-tiong-koān koān-tiúⁿ téng ūi.
Ibn Rushd

**Ibn Rushd** (a. ابن رشد‎‎; 1126 nî 4 goe̍h 14 ji̍t – 1198 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t), choân-miâ **ʾAbū l-Walīd Muḥammad Ibn ʾAḥmad Ibn Rushd‎** (أبو الوليد محمد ابن احمد ابن رشد), La-teng-gí chheng-hō sī **Averroes**, sī tiong-sè-kí Andalusia ê phok-ha̍k-ka, tùi lô-chek, tiat-ha̍k, sîn-ha̍k, tē-lí, sò͘-ha̍k, kap chē khoán kho-ha̍k ê ha̍k-būn lóng ū gián-kiù.
Basque lâng

**Basque lâng** sī Au-chiu chi̍t kûn goân-chū bîn-cho̍k, chāi-lâi ê giân-gí sī Basque-gí. In chú-iàu sī seng-oa̍h tī Basque tē-hng (Se-pan-gâ pak-pō͘ kap Hoat-kok sai-lâm-pō͘).
Navarra

**Navarra** (Basque-gí: *Nafarroa*), chèng-sek choân-miâ **Navarra Te̍k-hí Siā-lí** (Se-gí: *Comunidad Foral de Navarra*), sī Se-pan-gâ pak-pō͘ ê chū-tī siā-lí kiam séng-hūn (provincia), siú-hú sī Pamplona.

Pún tē-hng sī Basque bîn-cho̍k chú-ià seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi chi it, óa-kīn Basque Chū-tī Siā-lí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Basque tē-hng
Basque-gí

**Basque-gí** sī Basque lâng ê giân-gí, in tī giân-gí-ha̍k siōng kap Au-chiu kî-tha gí-giân lóng bô bêng-hián ê koan-hē, sī chi̍t khoán tī sè-kài siōng ko͘-li̍p chûn-chāi ê giân-gí.

Kin-á-ji̍t tāi-iok chhun 27% ê Basque lâng koh ē-hiáu kóng chit khoán giân-gí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Basque tē-hng
Chū-lo̍h

**Chū-lo̍h** (聚落) ia̍h **chi̍p-lo̍h** (集落), sī tē-lí-ha̍k, thóng-kè, ia̍h sī khó-kó͘ ê gián-kiù kiam khang-khòe tang-tiong só͘ kóng jîn-kûn chò-hóe seng-oa̍h ê siā-lí. Chū-lo̍h ê chhùn-chhioh tùi sió-hêng ê chng-thâu kàu tōa-hêng ê siâⁿ-chhī kiam sì-ûi to͘-hōe-khu put-téng. 

Bô-kâng-khoán ê chū-lo̍h ū bô kâng ê iōng-gí thang piáu-sī, pí-lūn chng-siā, ke-chhī, siâⁿ-chhī téng khoán, chóng-sī chia ê iōng-gí mā bô kò͘-tēng ê ì-sù, ta̍k khoán giân-gí ê kâng lūi gí-lūi mā ke-kiám bô tùi-tâng. Ū-sî hêng-chèng siōng ē te̍k-pia̍t ūi chia ê iōng-gí siat-kè choan-bûn tēng-gī, siat-tēng hêng-chèng ia̍h tē-lí kài-sòaⁿ lâi khu-hun chū-lo̍h.

## Chham-oa̍t
*Chng-thâu

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiōng-tông-thé
Samuel Wells Williams

**Samuel Wells Williams** (1812 nî 9 goe̍h 22 ji̍t – 1884 nî 2 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê giân-gí-ha̍k-ka, Hàn-ha̍k-ka, soan-tō-su.

## Liân-kiat
* Samuel Wells Williams (1844) ''English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect''
Samuel Dyer

**Samuel Dyer** (1804 nî 2 goe̍h 20 ji̍t – 1843 nî 10 goe̍h 24 ji̍t) sī Eng-kok ê soan-to-su. I tī 1827 nî kòe Má-lâi-a ê Penang, pat tòa Melaka kap Sin-ka-pho téng tē. I sī chá-kî ēng Lô-má-jī kì-siá Kńg-tang-ōe, Hok-kiàn-ōe chāi-lāi téng Hàn gí-giân ê lâng.
John Stronach

**John Stronach** (1810 nî – 1888 nî) sī Eng-kok ê soan-tō-su, i chú-iàu tī Ē-mn̂g oa̍h-tāng, sī chá-kî hoan-e̍k Sèng-keng kòe Tiong-kok ê lâng.
Sūi-se franc

**Sūi-se franc** (瑞西--, , , ) sī Sūi-se ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī CHF.

Sūi-se franc tī Sūi-se, Liechtenstein kap Í-tāi-lī ê Campione d'Italia sī hoat-tēng hoè-pè, mā tī Tek-kok ê Büsingen am Hochrhein liû-thong. I mā sī kin-á-ji̍t ngē-thong-hoè ê chi̍t khoán.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Sūi-se franc - Gîn-phiò
Canada dollar

**Canada dollar** (, ) sī Canada ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī C$ ia̍h CAD.

Canada dollar mā sī kin-á-ji̍t ngē-thong-hoè ê chi̍t khoán.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Historical and current banknotes of Kanada (Canada dollar gîn-phiò)
Hiong-káng dollar

**Hiong-káng dollar** (香港--, ), mā kiò chò **káng-pè** (港幣) ia̍h **káng-choá** (港紙), sī Hiong-káng ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī HK$ ia̍h HKD.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
New Zealand dollar

**New Zealand dollar** sī New Zealand ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī NZD$ ia̍h NZD.

New Zealand dollar tī New Zealand, Cook Kûn-tó, Niue, Pitcairn Kûn-tó kap Tokelau iōng, mā sī kin-á-ji̍t ngē-thong-hoè ê chi̍t khoán.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* New Zealand dollar - Gîn-phiò
Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok won

**Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok won** (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國--, ) sī Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₩ ia̍h KPW.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Tāi-hân Bîn-kok won

**Tāi-hân Bîn-kok won** (大韓民國원, ) sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₩ ia̍h KRW.

## Hoē-lu̍t
Ò-chiu dollar

**Ò-chiu dollar** (澳洲--, ) sī Ò-chiu ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī A$ ia̍h AUD.

Ò-chiu dollar tī Ò-chiu, Kiribati, Nauru, Tuvalu, Sèng-tàn-tó, Cocos (Keeling) Kûn-tó kap Norfolk-tó iōng, mā sī kin-á-ji̍t ngē-thong-hoè ê chi̍t khoán.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Ò-chiu dollar
Lâm-hui rand

**Lâm-hui rand** () sī Lâm-hui-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī R ia̍h ZAR.

Lâm-hui rand tī Lâm-hui-kok, Lesotho kap Namibia sī hoat-tēng hoè-pè, tī Eswatini kap Zimbabwe mā ū liû-thong.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó
Ò-mn̂g pataca

**Ò-mn̂g pataca** (澳門--, ) sī Ò-mn̂g ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī MOP$ ia̍h MOP.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Lō͘-se-a ruble

**Lō͘-se-a ruble** (露西亞--, ) sī Lō͘-se-a ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₽, руб ia̍h RUB.

Lō͘-se-a ruble tī Lō͘-se-a sī hoat-tēng hoè-pè, mā tī Abkhazia, Lâm Ossetia, Donetsk kap Luhansk liû-thong. 

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Oa̍t-lâm đồng

**Oa̍t-lâm đồng** (越南銅[錢], ) sī Oa̍t-lâm ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₫ ia̍h VND.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Brunei dollar

**Brunei dollar** () sī Brunei ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī B$ ia̍h BND.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Ìn-nî rupiah

**Ìn-nî rupiah** () sī Ìn-nî ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī Rp ia̍h IDR.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Hui-li̍p-pin peso

**Hui-li̍p-pin peso** sī Hui-li̍p-pin ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī PHP.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Thài-kok buah

**Thài-kok buah** (14px|替代文字) sī Thài-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, iā ū-lâng kió **puah** a̍h-sī **phuah**, lóng-sī uí **Baht** () lâi--ê, kì-jīn sī **฿** ia̍h **THB**. 

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Bông-kó͘ tögrög

**Bông-kó͘ tögrög** () sī Bông-kó͘ ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₮ ia̍h MNT.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Metadata

**Metadata** sī chí koan-hē bó͘ hāng data (chu-liāu, sò͘-kì) ê data, pau-koat ū kì-sū-sèng, kò͘-chō-sèng kap koán-lí-sèng téng khoán.

* Kì-sū-sèng ê metadata sī chí chi̍t hāng chu-liāu hông kì-jīn ê i-kù, pí-lūn tê-bo̍k, khài-iāu, chok-chiá, kap keyword téng khoán hāng-bo̍k.
* Kò͘-chō-sèng ê metadata sī chí chi̍t hāng chu-liāu pún sin lōe-iông ê kò͘-chō, pí-lūn ia̍h-bīn ê pâi-lia̍t.
* Koán-lí-sèng ê metadata sī chí thang pang-chān koán-lí ê chu-liāu, pí-lūn kiàn-li̍p ê hong-sek, tóng-àn ê lūi-hêng kap kî-tha ki-su̍t sū-hāng.
Ìn-tō͘ rupee

**Ìn-tō͘ rupee** (, ) sī Ìn-tō͘ ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₹ ia̍h INR.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó
Kái-hòng

**Kái-hòng** (解放; Eng: *emancipation*) sī kóng pái-thoat sok-pa̍k kap ap-pek ê chi̍t-chióng chōng-thài, pau-hâm cheng-sîn kap bu̍t-chit nn̄g hong-bīn.
Chu-liāu

**Chu-liāu**(), ū sî tòe Eng-gí kóng ***data*** ("té-thah"), sī chi̍t cho͘ liōng-sèng (*quantitative*) he̍k-chiá chit-sèng (*qualitative*) ê bá-liuh (*value*). Ha̍k-su̍t ia̍h sī sán-gia̍p siōng ēng data ê koan-liām lí-kái chu-liāu, chiong in kè-sǹg, siu-chi̍p, pò-kò kap hun-sek.

## Iōng-gí
Tī goân Latin-gí ê bûn-hoat, *data* chit jī sī ho̍k-sò͘ hêng-sek, nā tan-sò͘ sī *datum*; chóng-sī chit-má hâm Eng-gí chāi-lāi chin chē lâng kā chit jī ti̍t-chiap chò tan-sò͘ leh ēng.

## Chham-khó
Hoán-thé-chè

**Hoán-thé-chè** (反體制) sī pō͘-hūn chhî-iú hām kok-ka chèng-hú ê chèng-chhek kap hoat-lu̍t bô-kāng ì-kiàn ê lâng, he̍k-chiá sī chit-gî chip-chèng-chiá ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng ê jîn-sū.
Koàn-lē (hoat-lu̍t)

**Koàn-lē** (Eng-gí: *custom*) tī hoat-lu̍t sī chí kì-tēng ê hêng-tōng sek-iūⁿ, ē-tàng tī it-tēng ê siā-hōe siat-tēng tang-tiong hông khek-koan-tek lâi khak-chèng. Pí-lūn tī piān-hō͘ ê sî thê-chhut bó͘ chi̍t kiāⁿ tāi-chì "it-ti̍t lóng a-né chhòng jî-chhiá hō͘ hoat-lu̍t chiap-siū."

Tong chi̍t khoán khak-tēng ê hoat-lu̍t si̍t-chok hông koan-chhat, jî-chhiá koan-hē ê hêng-tōng-chiá kā tòng chò sī hoat-lu̍t (*[[opinio juris]]*) ê sî-chūn, thang sêng-li̍p chhut **koàn-lē-hoat** (*customary law*).
To̍k-chhâi-chiá

**To̍k-chhâi-chiá** (獨裁者; Eng: *dictator*) sī tī to̍k-chhâi he̍k-chiá choan-chè ê chèng-khoân hā, ióng-iú kok-ka siōng-koân khoân-le̍k ê thâu-lâng; lēng-goā, mā ū pō͘-hūn jîn-sū thàu-kòe bîn-chú chiâⁿ-chò thâu-lâng liáu-āu chiah khai-sí si̍t-hêng to̍k-chhâi thóng-tī. Siā-hōe kho-ha̍k hām sè-kài le̍k-sú tùi jû-hô tēng-gī to̍k-chhâi-chiá chûn-chāi cheng-gī.
Bîn-chú Chí-sò͘

**Bîn-chú Chí-sò͘** (*Democracy Index*) sī Economist Intelligence Unit kái-sek sè-kài siōng tāi-to-sò͘ kok-ka ia̍h-sī tē-hng chèng-khoân ê bîn-chú thêng-tō͘ ê chí-sò͘.
Kò͘-sêng-kok

**Kò͘-sêng-kok** (構成國; Eng: *constituent country*) sī pō͘-hūn kok-ka ê koaⁿ-hong iōng-gí, kóng ê sī: chi̍t-ê kok-ka sī chi̍t-ê koh-khah toā ê chèng-tī si̍t-thé ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn. "Kò͘-sêng-kok" ê iōng-hoat pēng bô hoat-lu̍t tēng-gī.
Chu-liāu (khu-pia̍t)

**Chu-liāu** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:
* Data
* Chu-sìn
* Chham-khó chu-liāu, pau-koat it-chhù chu-liāu
* Tùi it-tēng ê khang-khòe ū chham-khó lō͘-iōng ê bûn-kiāⁿ, kì-lio̍k.
* Tóng-àn

Lūi-pia̍t:Chu-liāu
Estonia kroon

**Estonia kroon** () sī Estonia ê hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī EEK. Kin-á-ji̍t Estonia kroon í-keng hō͘ euro chhú-tāi.
Latvia lats

**Latvia lats** () sī Latvia ê hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī LVL. Kin-á-ji̍t Latvia lats í-keng hō͘ euro chhú-tāi.
Pe̍k-ní-gī franc

**Pe̍k-ní-gī franc** (, , ) sī Pe̍k-ní-gī ê hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī BEF. Kin-á-ji̍t Pe̍k-ní-gī franc í-keng hō͘ euro chhú-tāi.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Pe̍k-ní-gī franc - gîn-phiò
Hoat-kok franc

**Hoat-kok franc** () sī Hoat-kok, Monaco kap Andorra ê hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₣ ia̍h FF. Kin-á-ji̍t Hoat-kok franc í-keng hō͘ euro chhú-tāi.
Hô-lân gulden

**Hô-lân gulden** (), ia̍h kiò **gûn-tún** (銀盾), sī Hô-lân ê hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī NLG. Kin-á-ji̍t Hô-lân gulden í-keng hō͘ euro chhú-tāi.

## Chù-kha
Hông-gâ-lī forint

**Hông-gâ-lī forint** (洪牙利--, ) sī Hông-gâ-lī ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī HUF.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Pho-lân złoty

**Pho-lân złoty** (波蘭--, ) sī Pho-lân ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī PLN.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Tan-be̍h krone

**Tan-be̍h krone** (丹麥--, ) sī Tan-be̍h ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī DKK.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó
Sūi-tián krona

**Sūi-tián krona** (瑞典--, ) sī Sūi-tián ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī SEK.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Moldova leu

**Moldova leu** (Romania-gí: Leu moldovenesc) sī Moldova ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī MDL.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Ukraina hryvnia

**Ukraina hryvnia** (Ukraina-gí: ) sī Ukraina ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī UAH.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Belarus ruble

**Belarus ruble** (Belarus-gí: ; ) sī Belarus ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī BYN.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Ná-ui krone

**Ná-ui krone** (那威--, ) sī Ná-ui ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī NOK.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Thó͘-ní-kî lira

**Thó͘-ní-kî lira** (土耳其--, ) sī Thó͘-ní-kî ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī YTL.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Armenia dram

**Armenia dram** () sī Armenia ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī AMD.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Armenia dram
Ku-pí-lō͘ pound

**Ku-pí-lō͘ pound** ia̍h **Ku-pí-lō͘ lira**, sī Ku-pí-lō͘ ê hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī CYP. Kin-á-ji̍t Ku-pí-lō͘ pound í-keng hō͘ euro chhú-tāi.
Bosnia kap Herzegovina tūi-oāⁿ mark

**Bosnia kap Herzegovina tūi-oāⁿ mark** sī Bosnia kap Herzegovina ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī BAM.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat Châi-phòaⁿ-só͘

**Hiàn-hoat Châi-phòaⁿ-só͘** (헌법재판소 *heonbeop jaepanso*) sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê to̍k-li̍p te̍k-pia̍t hoat-īⁿ, choan-bûn kun-kù Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat lâi kiám-thó ha̍p-hiàn-sèng àn-kiāⁿ. In tông-sî mā chhù-lí chèng-hú pō͘-mn̂g chi kan ê cheng-gī.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok ê chèng-tī
Ông-léng si̍t-bîn-tē

**Ông-léng si̍t-bîn-tē** (Eng-gí: *crown colony*), mā kiò chò **ông-ka si̍t-bîn-tē** (*royal colony*), siong-tong 2002 nî í-lâi ê Tāi-eng Hái-gōa Léng-thó͘ (*British Overseas Territories*), sī Tāi-eng Tè-kok tùi hái-gōa si̍t-bîn-tē kî-tiong chi̍t khoán koán-lí hêng-sek.

Pún khoán si̍t-bîn-tē ê chóng-tok sī kun-chú chí-phài--ê.

Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê le̍k-sú
Azerbaijan manat

**Azerbaijan manat** () sī Azerbaijan ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī AZN.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Azerbaijan manat - gîn-phiò
Kán-po͘-chē riel

**Kán-po͘-chē riel** sī Kán-po͘-chē ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī KHR.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Bangladesh taka

**Bangladesh taka** sī Bangladesh ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī BDT.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Bangladesh taka
Domain Name System

**Domain Name System**, kán-chheng **DNS**, mā thang hoan-e̍k chò **Domain miâ hē-thóng**, sī Internet ê chi̍t ê ho̍k-bū (service), sī chi̍t ê chong domain miâ kap IP tē-chí hō͘-siong siá-siōng () ê hun-soàⁿ database. Iōng DNS ū-hoat-tō͘ hong-piān ê chiūⁿ-bāng. DNS iōng kàu TCP kap UDP ê port 53.
IP tē-chí

**Internet Protocol address**, kán-chheng **IP tē-chí** ia̍h-sī **IP ūi-chí**, sī hun-phoè hō͘ Internet siōng sú-iōng Internet Protocol ê chong-tì ê sò͘-jī piau-chhiam. It-poaⁿ IP tē-chí pun IPv4 kap IPv6 nn̄g chióng pán-pún.
Domain miâ

**Domain miâ** (, ), ia̍h sī hoan-e̍k chò **bāng-he̍k**, **bāng-he̍k-miâ** he̍k-chiá **he̍k-miâ**, sī iû chi̍t chhǹg iōng tiám keh khui ê miâ-jī cho͘-sêng ê Internet siōng chi̍t ê tiān-náu ia̍h-sī tiān-náu-cho͘ ê miâ, iōng-lâi tī chu-liāu thoân-su ê sî-hāu piau-kì tiān-náu ê tiān-chú hong-ūi.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*DNS
*IP tē-chí
Kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain

**Kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain** (國家碼上頂--, ), kán-chheng **ccTLD**, sī iōng nn̄g ê jī-bó ê kok-ka ia̍h tē-khu miâ sok-siá kok-ka-bé (country code) tāi-chheng ê siōng-téng domain (top-level domain).

Tiong-kok ê ccTLD sī .cn, Tâi-oân ê ccTLD sī .tw.
Siōng-téng domain

**Siōng-téng domain** (), kán-chheng **TLD**, sī Internet DNS lāi-bīn siōng-téng ê domain, i pó-chûn tī DNS root zone ê namespace lāi-bīn. Siōng-téng domain sī domain miâ choè-āu pō͘-hūn, tō sī domain miâ choè-āu ê tiám chi āu ê jī-bó, chhiūⁿ example.com lāi-bīn ê .com chiū-sī siōng-téng domain.

Siōng-téng domain pau-hâm:

*kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain (ccTLD)
*it-poaⁿ siōng-téng domain (gTLD)
*ki-chhó͘ kiàn-siat siōng-téng domain (.arpa)
*chhek-chhì siōng-téng domain
Kok-ka-bé

**Kok-ka-bé** (國家碼, ) sī iōng-lâi piau-kì kok-ka kap tē-khu ê chi̍t cho͘ sok-siá ia̍h hû-hō.
ICANN

**ICANN** () sī Bí-kok California ê chi̍t ê hui-êng-lī cho͘-chit, tī 1998 nî 9 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kiàn-li̍p, chú-iàu iû Internet Hia̍p-hoē (Internet Society) ê sêng-oân cho͘-sêng, iōng-lâi koán-lí domain miâ kap IP tē-chí ê hun-phoè téng téng Internet siong-koan ê jīm-bū.
It-poaⁿ siōng-téng domain

**It-poaⁿ siōng-téng domain** (一般上頂--, ) kán-chheng **gTLD**, sī ICANN koán-lí ê siōng-téng domain chi it, pau-hâm .com, .info, .net, .org téng téng domain miâ. .biz, .name kap .pro téng téng ū sî-hāu iā hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ chò sī it-poaⁿ siōng-téng domain.
Zeami

**Zeami** (世阿弥; iok 1363 nî – iok 1443 nî) sī Ji̍t-pún ê bí-ha̍k-ka, ián-oân, kio̍k-chok-ka.
Katusika Hokusai

**Katusika Hokusai** (葛飾 北斎; iok 1760 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t – 1849 nî 5 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Ji̍t-pún ê gē-su̍t-ka.
.kp

**.kp** sī Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain (ccTLD).
Gavrilo Princip

**Gavrilo Princip** (Serbia Kyril jī: Гаврило Принцип; 1894 nî 7 goe̍h 25 ji̍t [kū-le̍k 7 goe̍h 13 ji̍t] – 1918 nî 4 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Lâm Slav bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī thoân-té Mlada Bosna ê sêng-goân. I sī 1914 nî àm-sat Archduke Franz Ferdinand kap hu-jîn Sophie ê hiong-chhiú.
Lī-pa-lùn pound

**Lī-pa-lùn pound** sī Lī-pa-lùn ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī LBP.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok dirham

**A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok dirham** sī A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī AED.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Tang Caribe dollar

**Tang Caribe dollar** () sī Caribe-hái kok-ka Anguilla, Antigua kap Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts kap Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent kap Grenadines ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī XCD.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
CFP franc

**CFP franc** () sī Hoat-kok tī Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu ê i-lāi-tē New Caledonia, Hoat-kok léng Polynesia, Wallis kap Futuna ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī XPF.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Ngô Đình Diệm

**Ngô Đình Diệm** (吳廷琰／Ngôo Tîng-iám, ) sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka, i tī 1955 nî kàu 1963 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok ê chóng-thóng.
Nguyễn Khánh

**Nguyễn Khánh** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka kap chiong-kun. I tī 1964 nî 2 goe̍h 28 ji̍t kàu 8 goe̍h 16 ji̍t sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok ê chóng-lí, 1964 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok chóng-chóng. Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok bia̍t-bông í-āu cháu khì Bí-kok.
Friedrich von Bothmer

**Friedrich Ludwig Carl Ernst Graf von Bothmer** (1805 nî 9 goe̍h 11 ji̍t – 1886 nî 7 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī Bayern ê Pō͘-peng Chiong-kun (*General der Infanterie*), pat tī Phó͘ Hoat Chiàn-cheng lāi-bīn niá-peng.
Chassepot

***Chassepot***, chèng-sek hō-miâ ***Fusil Modèle 1866***, sī chit khoán bolt action sek-iūⁿ ê āu-chng-sek pō͘-chhèng (*breechloading rifle*), sī Phó͘ Hoat Chiàn-cheng sî-kî Hoat-kok sú-iōng ê bú-khì.
Sai-hui CFA franc

**Sai-hui CFA franc** () sī Sai-hui kok-ka Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal kap Togo ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī XOF.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Tiong-hui CFA franc

**Tiong-hui CFA franc** () sī Tiong-hui kok-ka Cameroon, Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok, Chad, Congo Kiōng-hô-kok, Chhiah-tō Guinea kap Gabon ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī XAF.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar

**Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar** () sī Negeri Sembilan ê choè ko thóng-tī-chiá. Chia chheng-hō tī 1773 nî siat-li̍p, iû 4 ê Putera Yang Empat (ông-chú) lāi-bīn soán-kí chhut-lâi: Tunku Besar Seri Menanti, Tunku Laksamana, Tunku Musa Serting, Tunku Panglima Besar.

Àn Má-lâi-se-a ê hiàn-hoat, Negeri Sembilan ê Yang di-Pertuan Besar ū khoân-le̍k tī Raja-Raja Hoē-gī (Majlis Raja-Raja) tâu-phiò soán-kí Yang di-Pertuan Agong, iā ū koân-le̍k tòng-soán.

Kin-á-ji̍t Negeri Sembilan ê Yang di-Pertuan Besar sī Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir.
Pó-lí-hiong-ò

**Pó-lí-hiong-ò** (堡里鄉澚) sī Tâi-oân tī Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê ki-chân hêng-chèng-khu tan-ūi, i-ê téng chi̍t kip sī koān kap thiaⁿ, ē chi̍t kip sī ke-chng-siā-hiong.

Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî iu-goân chiàu-iōng.

## Siong-koan
* Tâi-oân ê pó-lí-hiong-ò lia̍t-toaⁿ
* Tâi-oân Pó-tô͘
* Ke-chng-siā-hiong
Tâi-oân ê pó-lí-hiong-ò lia̍t-toaⁿ

**Tâi-oân ê pó-lí-hiong-ò lia̍t-toaⁿ** lia̍t-kí 1920 nî "Tē-hng Chè-tō͘ Kái-chèng" (地方制度改正) chìn-chêng, choân Tâi-oân kok thiaⁿ ê pó-lí-hiong-ò ê miâ-hō.

## Gî-lân-thiaⁿ
*Pún-siâⁿ-pó (本城堡)
*Sì-ûi-pó (四圍堡)
*Îⁿ-soaⁿ-pó (員山堡)
*Bîn-chòng-ûi-pó (民壯圍堡)
*Phû-chiu-pó (浮洲堡)
*Lô-tong-pó (羅東堡)
*Jī-kiat-pó (二結堡)
*Âng-chúi-kau-pó (紅水溝堡)
*Lī-te̍k-kán-pó (利澤簡堡)
*Hm̂-á-liâu-pó (茅仔藔堡)
*Chheng-chúi-kau-pó (清水溝堡)
*Thâu-ûi-pó (頭圍堡)
*Bûn-san-pó (文山堡)

## Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ

## Thô-hn̂g-thiaⁿ

## Sin-tek-thiaⁿ

## Tâi-tiong-thiaⁿ

## Lâm-tâu-thiaⁿ

## Ka-gī-thiaⁿ

## Tâi-lâm-thiaⁿ

## A-kâu-thiaⁿ
*Lâm-chú-sian-khe-tang-lí (楠梓仙溪東里)
*Lô-hàn-goā-mn̂g-lí (羅漢外門里)
*Lô-hàn-lāi-mn̂g-lí (羅漢內門里)
*Ka-siông-lāi-lí (嘉祥內里)
*Chông-tek-tang-lí (崇德東里)
*Káng-sai-siōng-lí (港西上里)
*Káng-sai-tiong-lí (港西中里)
*Káng-sai-ē-lí (港西下里)
*Sin-hn̂g-lí (新園里)
*Káng-tang-siōng-lí (港東上里)
*Káng-tang-tiong-lí (港東中里)
*Káng-tang-ē-lí (港東下里)
*Ka-hô-lí (嘉禾里)
*Siān-û-lí (善餘里)
*Tek-hô-lí (德和里)
*Heng-bûn-lí (興文里)
*Hâm-chhiong-lí (咸昌里)
*An-tēng-lí (安定里)
*Éng-chēng-lí (永靖里)
*Tī-pêng-lí (治平里)
*Tiông-lo̍k-lí (長樂里)
*Thài-khèng-lí (泰慶里)
*Soan-hoà-lí (宣化里)
*Jîn-siū-lí (仁壽里)
*Chì-kāu-lí (至厚里)

## Tâi-tang-thiaⁿ

## Hoa-liân-káng-thiaⁿ

## Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ
*Tang-sai-ò (東西澚)
*Sî-lí-ò (嵵裡澚)
*Nâ-tâu-ò (林投澚)
*Lâm-lâu-ò (南藔澚)
*Tiáⁿ-oan-ò (鼎灣澚)
*Hiā-tông-ò (瓦硐澚)
*Thong-niû-ò (通梁澚)
*Tìn-hái-ò (鎮海澚)
*Kiat-pòe-ò (吉貝澚)
*Chhiah-khàm-ò (赤崁澚)
*Sai-sū-ò (西嶼澚)
*Bāng-oaⁿ-ò (網垵澚)
*Chúi-oaⁿ-ò (水垵澚)
Tām-chúi-koān

**Tām-chúi-koān** (淡水縣; 1875 nî ~ 1895 nî) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu.
Ke-lâng-thiaⁿ

**Ke-lâng-thiaⁿ** (基隆廳) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi kap Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê thiaⁿ.
Najib Tun Razak

**Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak** () sī Má-lâi-se-a ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka. I tī 2009 nî kàu taⁿ sī Má-lâi-se-a siú-siòng.
Tâi-oân-koān (1887~1895)

**Tâi-oân-koān** (臺灣縣) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi bóe-kî ê chi̍t ê koān; lē-sio̍k tī Tâi-oân-hú.
Hêng-chhun-koān

**Hêng-chhun-koān** (恆春縣) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi tī 1875 nî kàu 1895 nî tiong-kan chûn-chāi ê chi̍t ê koān.
Chiong-hoà-koān (Chheng)

**Chiong-hoà-koān** (彰化縣) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi tī 1723 nî kàu 1895 nî ê chi̍t ê koān, sio̍k tī Tâi-oân-hú ē-kha.
Ka-gī-koān (Chheng)

**Ka-gī-koān** (嘉義縣), sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi tī 1787 nî kàu 1895 nî ê chi̍t ê koān, tú-khai-sí sī siat tī Tâi-oân-hú ē-kha, Tâi-oân kiàn-séng liáu-āu kái-siat tī Tâi-lâm-hú. Ka-gī-koān goân-té hō-chò Chu-lô-koān, 1786 nî Lîm Sóng-bûn Sū-kiāⁿ po̍k-hoat, pêng-tēng liáu-āu Khiân-liông Hông-tè ūi-tio̍h beh "ka"-chióng Chu-lô-koān ê "gī"-bîn, tio̍h kā Chu-lô-koān kái-miâ "Ka-gī-koān".
Po͘-lí-siā-thiaⁿ

**Po͘-lí-siā-thiaⁿ** (埔里社廳), mā hō-chò **Po͘-lí-thiaⁿ** (埔里廳), sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi bóe-kî ê chi̍t ê thiaⁿ.
Pi-lâm-thiaⁿ

**Pi-lâm-thiaⁿ** (卑南廳; 1875 nî - 1887 nî) sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê thiaⁿ.
Hûn-lîm-koān (Chheng)

**Hûn-lîm-koān** (雲林縣), 1887 nî kàu 1895 nî, sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê koān.
Hok-kiàn Hun-sûn Tâi-oân Peng-pī Tō

**Hok-kiàn Hun-sûn Tâi-oân Peng-pī Tō** (福建分巡臺灣兵備道) sī Tâi-oân-tō ê chú-koaⁿ, tī 1767 nî siat-tì, chiân-sin sī Hok-kiàn Hun-sûn Tâi-oân Tō.

## Le̍k-jīm
*Tiuⁿ Théng (張珽): 1766 nî
*Sun Hàu-jû (孫孝瑜): 1768 nî
*Û Bûn-gî (余文儀): 1768 nî
*Chiúⁿ Ún-hun (蔣允焄): 1769 nî
*Kî-thióng-kek (奇寵格): 1771 nî
*Se̍k-siān (碩善): 1774 nî
*Chhiâⁿ Sêng (成城): 1774 nî
*Pâng Têng-sêng (馮廷丞): 1775 nî
*Chiúⁿ Goân-chhu (蔣元樞): 1775 nî
*Tiuⁿ Tòng (張棟): 1777 nî
*Jû Sêng (俞成): 1780 nî
*So͘ Thài (蘇泰): 1781 nî
*Bo̍k Hô-līn (穆和藺): 1782 nî
*Iûⁿ Têng-hoâ (楊廷樺): 1782 nî
*Lí Chùn-goân (李俊原): 1783 nî
*Sun Kéng-sūi (孫景燧): 1784 nî
*Éng-hok (永福): 1783 nî
*Iûⁿ Têng-lí (楊廷理): 1788 nî
*Ông Iū-pi̍t (王右弼): 1788 nî
Emilia Plater

**Emilia Plater** (1806 nî 11 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1831 nî 12 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Pho-lân ê hoat-cho̍k, mā sī chi̍t ūi kek-bēng-ka, 1830 n̂i 11 Goe̍h Khí-gī ê chham-ú-chiá.
Tâi-pak-chiu Ti-sū

**Tâi-pak-chiu Ti-sū** (台北州知事) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi 1920 nî kàu 1945 nî Tâi-pak-chiu ê thóng-tī koaⁿ-oân.

## Le̍k-jīm
*Aiga Terusato (相賀照鄉): 1920 nî 9 goe̍h 1 hō ~ 1921 nî 9 goe̍h 17 hō
*Takada Tomizô (高田富藏): 1921 nî 9 goe̍h 17 hō ~ 1924 nî 12 goe̍h 23 hō
*Yosioka Kôzô (吉岡荒造): 1924 nî 12 goe̍h 23 hō ~ 1927 nî 7 goe̍h 27 hō
*Miura Rokurô (三浦碌郎): 1927 nî 7 goe̍h 27 hō ~ 1928 nî 7 goe̍h 21 hō
*Takahasi Tikayosi (高橋親吉): 1928 nî 7 goe̍h 21 hō ~ 1929 nî 4 goe̍h 20 hō
*Katayama Saburô (片山三郎): 1929 nî 4 goe̍h 20 hō ~ 1931 nî 5 goe̍h 8 hō
*Uga Sirô (宇賀四郎): 1931 nî 5 goe̍h 8 hō ~ 1931 nî 9 goe̍h 12 hō
*Hirayama Tai (平山泰): 1931 nî 9 goe̍h 12 hō ~ 1932 nî 3 goe̍h 15 hō
*Nakase Setsuo (中瀨拙夫): 1932 nî 3 goe̍h 15 hō ~ 1933 nî 8 goe̍h 4 hō
*Noguti Tosiharu (野口敏治): 1933 nî 8 goe̍h 4 hō ~ 1936 nî 2 goe̍h 26 hō
*Imagawa Fukasi (今川淵): 1936 nî 2 goe̍h 26 hō ~ 1936 nî 10 goe̍h 16 hō
*Fuzita Unzirô (藤田傊治郎): 1936 nî 10 goe̍h 16 hō ~ 1939 nî 1 goe̍h 28 hō
*Tomizu Noboru (戶水昇): 1939 nî 1 goe̍h 28 hō ~ 1939 nî 12 goe̍h 28 hō
*Kawamura Naooka (川村直岡): 1939 nî 12 goe̍h 28 hō ~ 1941 nî 5 goe̍h 14 hō
*Miwa Kôsuke (三輪幸助): 1941 nî 5 goe̍h 14 hō ~ 1942 nî 7 goe̍h 3 hō
*Yanai Zunzi (梁井淳二): 1942 nî 7 goe̍h 3 hō ~ 1943 nî 11 goe̍h 13 hō
*Sakaguti Tikara (坂口主稅): 1943 nî 11 goe̍h 13 hō ~ 1944 nî 3 goe̍h 20 hō
*Nisimura Kôani (西村高兄): 1944 nî 3 goe̍h 20 hō ~ 1945 nî 5 goe̍h 23 hō
*Takahasi Mamoru (高橋衛): 1945 nî 5 goe̍h 23 hō ~ 1945 nî 10 goe̍h 25 hō
Caramel

**Caramel** (Eng-gí ho͘-im: /ˈkærəmɛl/ "ka-lá-meh-oh" "kia-lá-mé-luh") sī chi̍t khoán ka-pi-sek ê tiⁿ-liāu chè-phín, sī keng-kòe chiong thn̂g ka-jia̍t sán-seng--ê. Chi̍t khoán mi̍h tiāⁿ tī peng-kî-lîm, pò͘-teng téng se-tiám lūi hông ēng chò chò khái-bī ia̍h phòe-liāu.
Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ

**Tām-chúi-thiaⁿ** (淡水廳), 1723 nî kàu 1876 nî, sī Tâi-oân Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê thiaⁿ.
Tâi-oân-tō

**Tâi-oân-tō** (臺灣道) sī Tâi-oân tī Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi 1727 nî kàu 1885 nî tiong-kan ê chòe-ko koaⁿ-hú.
Saint Helena, Ascension kap Tristan da Cunha

**Saint Helena, Ascension kap Tristan da Cunha** sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê chi̍t ê i-lāi-tē, pau-hâm Saint Helena, Ascension-tó kap Tristan da Cunha.
Hó͘-bé Saⁿ-sìⁿ Kong-biō

**Hó͘-bé Saⁿ-sìⁿ Kong-biō** (虎尾三姓-) sī 1975 nî khí tī Tâi-oân Hûn-lîm-koān Hó͘-bé-tìn, chú-iàu hōng (奉) 228 Sū-kiāⁿ--ê pī chèng-sat chiá: Se-i-su Kò͘ Siōng-thài (顧尚泰), Tiong-i-su Lí Chhî-hong (李持芳) kap ìn-soat-chhiúⁿ kī-su Ông Chè-lêng (王濟寧)--ê biō.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ
Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad

**Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad** () sī chi̍t ê Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar, 1933 nî kàu 1960 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a tē 1 jīm Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1957 nî kàu 1960 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah

**Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah** () sī chi̍t ê Selangor Sultan, 1938 nî kàu 1942 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a tē 2 jīm Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1960 nî 4 goe̍h 14 ji̍t kàu 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chāi-chit.
Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail

**Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail** () sī chi̍t ê Perlis Raja, 1945 nî kàu 2000 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a tē 3 jīm Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1960 nî kàu 1965 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin

**Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin** () sī chi̍t ê Terengganu Sultan, 1945 nî kàu 1979 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a tē 4 jīm Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1965 nî kàu 1979 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah

**Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah** () sī chi̍t ê Kedah Sultan, 1958 nî kàu taⁿ chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1970 nî kàu 1975 nî kap 2011 nî kàu 2016 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim

**Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim** () sī chi̍t ê Kelantan Sultan, 1960 nî kàu 1979 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1975 nî kàu 1979 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Iskandar ibni Sultan Ismail

**Sultan Iskandar ibni Sultan Ismail** () sī chi̍t ê Johor Sultan, 1981 nî kàu 2010 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1984 nî kàu 1989 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Yussuf Izzuddin Shah

**Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Yussuf Izzuddin Shah** () sī chi̍t ê Perak Sultan, 1984 nî kàu 2014 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1989 nî kàu 1994 nî chāi-chit.
Tuanku Ja'afar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman

**Tuanku Ja'afar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman** () sī chi̍t ê Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar, 1967 nî kàu 2008 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1994 nî kàu 1999 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah

**Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah** () sī chi̍t ê Selangor Sultan, 1960 nî kàu 2001 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1999 nî kàu 2001 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar

**Sultan Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar** () sī chi̍t ê Pahang Sultan, 1974 nî kàu 2019 nî chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 1979 nî kàu 1984 nî chāi-chit.
Soaⁿ-kok

**Soaⁿ-kok**, he̍k-chiá **kok** (谷) ia̍h **kheⁿ** (坑), **kau** (溝), sī chí soaⁿ kap soaⁿ chi kan siong-tùi nn̄g pêng khah kē só͘-chāi, it-poaⁿ ū khe-chúi thong-kòe.

Tī tē-lí-ha̍k siōng, khah tōa hoān-ûi ê tn̂g hêng la̍p-tē, mā hō chò soaⁿ-kok.
Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putra Jamalulail

**Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putra Jamalulail** () sī chi̍t ê Perlis Raja, 2000 nî kàu taⁿ chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 2001 nî kàu 2006 nî chāi-chit.
Tōa-khiah-kok

**Tōa-khiah-kok** (Eng-gí: *Great Rift Valley*) sī tē-lí-ha̍k siōng chi̍t chōa tùi A-chiu ê Lebanon liân kàu Hui-chiu ê Mozambique ê tōa kau-khiah, tn̂g-tō͘ ū 6000 kong-lí.
Toān-chân

**Toān-chân** (Eng-gí: *fault*) tī tē-chit-ha̍k siōng sī chí pêⁿ-bīn siōng ê phò-hoāu he̍k-chiá sī it-tēng hoān-ûi gâm-chio̍h ê bô liân-sio̍k só͘-chāi. Toān-chân chûn-chāi tī gân-chio̍h keng-kòe bêng-hián sóa-ūi ê só͘-chāi.
Gâm-chio̍h

**Gâm-chio̍h**, phó͘-thong kóng **chio̍h-thâu**, sī khòng-bu̍t seⁿ-chiâⁿ ê tēng-ngē chū-jiân bu̍t. Tē-kiû piáu-bīn ê kò͘-thé gōa-khak chiō sī gâm-chio̍h cho͘-sêng--ê.
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

**Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin** () sī chi̍t ê Terengganu Sultan, 1998 nî kàu taⁿ chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 2006 nî kàu 2011 nî chāi-chit.
Sultan Muhammad 5-sè (Kelantan)

**Sultan Muhammad 5-sè** () sī chi̍t ê Kelantan Sultan, 2010 nî kàu taⁿ chāi-ūi. I mā sī Má-lâi-se-a ê Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 2016 nî kàu 2019 nî chāi-chit.
Au-chiu-lâng ê Bí-chiu si̍t-bîn

**Au-chiu-lâng ê Bí-chiu si̍t-bîn** siāng chá tī 10 kàu 11 sè-kí chiō khai-sí, tong-sî sai-po͘ Norse kiâⁿ-chûn-lâng thàm-cha liáu kin-á-ji̍t sio̍k-í Greenland kap Canada ê sió hūn thó͘-tē jî-chhiá chò té-chām ê khiā-khí.

Tōa-liōng ê Au-chiu-lâng si̍t-bîn-tē-hòa sī 1492 nî Se-pan-gâ thàm-hiám-ka Christopher Columbus hiòng Bí-chiu ê hang-hêng í-āu khai-sí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pak Bí-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Tùi-hoán Kái-kek

**Tùi-hoán Kái-kek** (Latin: *Contrareformatio*) he̍k-chiá kiò **Thian-chú-kàu Kái-kek**, sī Thian-chú-kàu-hōe tùi Sin-kàu ê Chong-kàu Kái-kek ūn-tōng ê hoán-èng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Mauritania ouguiya

**Mauritania ouguiya** sī Mauritania ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī MRO.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Rosa Parks

**Rosa Louise McCauley Parks** () sī Bîn-khoân Ūn-tōng ê oa̍h-tāng-chiá.

I ū chi̍t hāng chá-kî sū-chek sī 1955 nî 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê sî ùi Alabama ê Montgomery chē bá-suh bô chiàu chéng-cho̍k hun-lî ê kui-chek.
Jia̍t-tài soân-hong

**Jia̍t-tài soân-hong** (Eng-gí: *tropical cyclone*) sī sìn-sok tńg-se̍h ê pō-hong hē-thóng (*storm system*), pún-sin sī chi̍t-ê kē-khì-ap tiong-sim.

Tùi jia̍t-tài soân-hong ê hō-miâ, chiàu kiông-tō͘ kap tē-hng hun-pia̍t, ū hong-thai, ha-líh-kéⁿ (, ), jia̍t-tài pō-hong, jia̍t-tài kē-khì-ap téng khoán.

## Chham-khó
Siemens

**Siemens [[Aktiengesellschaft |AG]]** sī Tek-kok ê ho̍k-ha̍p kong-si, chóng-pō͘ tī Berlin kap München, hâm kok-gōa hun-chi chò-hóe sǹg, in sī Au-chiu siāng tōa ê chè-chō-gia̍p kap tiān-chú-gia̍p kong-si.

Siemens ê sū-gia̍p chiàu pō͘-mn̂g lâi hun pau-koat ū Kang-gia̍p, Lêng-goân, Kiān-khong Chiàu-kò͘, Ki-pôaⁿ Siat-si kap Siâⁿ-chhī.
Keng-biō

**Keng-biō** () sī tùi Tō-kàu kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t ê it-poaⁿ-sèng chheng-ho͘, sī chìn-hêng siu-liān, thoân-tō kap kok-chióng chong-kàu gî-sek ê seng-oa̍h tiûⁿ-só͘.
Ki-té kiàn-siat

**Ki-té kiàn-siat** (Eng-gí: *infrastructure* "ē-chân kiat-kò͘") sī chí î-chhî kok-ka, siâⁿ-chhī ia̍h tē-hng keng-chè ūn-chok ê ki-chhó͘-sèng siat-si kap hē-thóng. It-poaⁿ kóng ê ki-té kiàn-siat sī choan-bûn chí tō-lō͘, kiô, pōng-khang, ēng-chúi kiong-kip, hòe-chúi chhù-lí, tiān-le̍k bāng, thong-sìn téng lūi kiàn-siat.
Tōa Hun-thiah

**Tōa Hun-thiah** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

## Chong-kàu
* Tang-sai Hun-thiah, 1054 nî chiân-āu Ki-tok-kàu ê kàu-hōe hun-thiah
* Se-hng Hun-thiah, 14 kàu 15 sè-kí Thian-chú-kàu-hōe ê hun-thiah

Lūi-pia̍t:Ki-tok-kàu
Gale (îⁿ-khut)

**Gale** sī Hóe-chheⁿ téng ê ún-se̍k-khut, só͘-chāi tī Hóe-chheⁿ keng-hūi-tō͘  tē-tiám, ùi Aeolis sù-kak (*Aeolis quadrangle*) tē-khu ê sai-pak-pō͘. Pún khut ti̍t-kēng 154 kong-lí khoah, chiau ko͘-sǹg khó-lêng ū 3.5 kàu 3.8 cha̍p-ek nî kú. Hō-miâ ê lâi-goân sī Walter Frederick Gale, Ò-chiu ê thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hóe-chheⁿ
Hóe-chheⁿ Kho-ha̍k Si̍t-giām-sek

**Hóe-chheⁿ Kho-ha̍k Si̍t-giām-sek** (Eng-gí: *Mars Science Laboratory* **MSL**) sī NASA chú-chhî ê robot sek thài-khong thàm-cha jīm-bū. Gián-kiù tùi-siòng sī Hóe-chheⁿ, 2011 nî 11 goe̍h 16 ji̍t hoat-siā. Jīm-bū chú-iàu hâm chi̍t chiah thàm-cha-chhia Curiosity, i tī 2012 nî 8 goe̍h 6 ji̍t hông sàng kàu Hóe-chheⁿ téng ê Gale Ún-se̍k-khut tē-tiám. Tiāu-cha ê hāng-bo̍k ū Hóe-chheⁿ ê khó-khiā-khí-sèng (*habitability*), khì-hāu, tē-chit, kap siu-chi̍p chài-lâng jīm-bū su-iàu ê chu-liāu.

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Hóe-chheⁿ
Pang-seh

**Pang-seh** (崩雪) sī seh tùi soaⁿ-pho-tē téng khoán ê chhu-bīn pang lo̍h ê chêng-hêng, ū-sî ē chō-sêng chai-hāi.

## Chham-khó
Ethiopia birr

**Ethiopia birr** sī Ethiopia ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ETB.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Ethiopia birr
Kilimanjaro Soaⁿ

**Kilimanjaro Soaⁿ** ūi tī leh Tanzania, hâm saⁿ chō hóe-soaⁿ chui *Kibo*, *Mawenzi* kap *Shira*, sī Hui-chiu chòe ko hong, kôaⁿ-tō͘ ū hái-poa̍t 5,895 kong-chhioh.
Per aspera ad astra

***Per aspera ad astra***, ia̍h ū sî kì ***ad astra per aspera***, sī chi̍t kù Latin phiàn-gí, ì-sù sī "keng-le̍k kan-khó͘ tit chheⁿ-táu". Chit kù tiāⁿ hông ēng chò piau-gí ia̍h sī chok-phín tê-bo̍k.
Kansas chiu-kî

**Kansas chiu-kî** tī 1927 nî hông chhái-ēng, chi̍t khai-sí kî-á téng sī pak-koat chiu-chiong kap chi̍t lúi thài-iông-hoe ê tô͘. Tī 1966 nî, koh ka chiūⁿ chiu-miâ.
Kansas chiu-chiong

**Kansas Chiu Tōa Tô͘-chiong** (Eng-gí: *Great Seal of the State of Kansas*) piáu-ta̍t liáu Kansas ê le̍k-sú, i-ê sêng-hun ū:

* Ji̍t-chhut ê hong-kéng (tang-hng)
* Hô-chhoan kap khì-chûn (siong-gia̍p)
* Khui-khún-chiá ê chhù kap lôe-chhân ê lâng (lông-gia̍p)
* Hiòng sai-pêng kiâⁿ ê wagon chhia-tūi (Bí-kok-lâng ê chìn-hoat kap khai-lō͘-chiá seng-oa̍h)
* Indian lâng tng teh lia̍h Bí-kok Iá-gû
* 34 lia̍p chheⁿ (tāi-piáu Kansas sī Bí-kok tē 34 chiu)
* Chiu piau-gí *Ad Astra per Aspera* (Latin ì-sù: "Keng-kòe Khùn-lân kiâⁿ hiòng chu Chheⁿ"

Pún chiu-chiong hông ēng tī Kansas chiu-kî téng-bīn.
Chhut-hoeh

**Chhut-hoeh** (出血) sī hoeh ùi hoeh-kńg ia̍h-sī sim-chōng lâu-chhut kàu cho͘-chit, thé-khiuⁿ ia̍h-sī phôe-hu piáu-bīn.
Dương Văn Minh

縮圖|152x152像素|Dương Văn Minh
**Dương Văn Minh** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka kap chiong-kun. I tī 1975 nî 4 goe̍h 28 ji̍t kàu 4 goe̍h 30 ji̍t sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok ê chóng-thóng.
Lê Duẩn

**Lê Duẩn** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 1976 nî kàu 1986 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-sán-tóng ê chóng-su-kì.
Đổi mới

**Đổi mới** sī Oa̍t-lâm 1986 nî tī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 6 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē thê-chhut ê chèng-chhek, o̍h Tiong-kok ê kái-kek khai-hòng, ín-ji̍p chhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè, kái-piàn Oa̍t-lâm ê hong-pì chōng-hóng tùi sè-kài khai-hòng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī
Đỗ Mười

**Đỗ Mười** (), goân-lâi miâ-jī kiò chò **Nguyễn Duy Cống**, sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 1988 nî kàu 1991 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm chóng-lí, 1991 nî kàu 1997 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-sán-tóng ê chóng-su-kì.

Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍t-lâm ê siú-siòng
Tōa-kù-tiám

**Tōa-kù-tiám** (Eng-gí: *colon*), mā ū kóng **nn̄g-tiám** sī chi̍t-ê piau-tiám hû-hō.

Chiàu hiān-chāi ê si̍p-koàn pún hû-hō ū khó-lêng hông kiò "mō͘-hō".

## Sú-iōng
Tōa-kù-tiám khah phó͘-phiàn ê lī-ēng sī ēng beh piáu-sī chiap āu ê bûn-jī sī ké-soeh, tēng-gī, kì-lio̍k, ia̍h sī khai-lia̍t hāng-bo̍k. Lēng-gōa, piáu-hiān sî-kan, pí-lē ia̍h sī chō-piau ê sî, mā ē sú-iōng tōa-kù-tiám chhiat hun sò͘-jī.

## Chham-khó

## Liân-kiat
* 教羅調號个台語名稱、標點符號个台語名稱
Jiō

**Jiō** (), he̍k-chiá **jiō-e̍k** (尿液), sī chek-chui tōng-bu̍t keng-kòe tāi-siā liáu-āu ê e̍k-thé pâi-sià-bu̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Thé-e̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k
Phạm Văn Đồng

**Phạm Văn Đồng** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 1955 nî kàu 1981 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm chóng-lí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍t-lâm ê siú-siòng
Phan Văn Khải

**Phan Văn Khải** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 1997 nî kàu 2006 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm chóng-lí.
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc

**Nguyễn Xuân Phúc** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 2016 nî kàu 2021 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm chóng-lí, tùi 2021 nî kàu 2023 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm ê kok-ka chú-se̍k. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍t-lâm ê siú-siòng
Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍t-lâm ê kok-ka chú-se̍k
Chôaⁿ-thé

**Chôaⁿ-thé** (泉體; Eng: *gland*), he̍k-chiá **sàn** (腺), sī tōng-bu̍t thé-lāi ē-tàng sán-seng te̍k-sû bu̍t-chit ê cho͘-chit; chia-ê bu̍t-chit chú-iàu sī ho͘-lú-bóng. Chôaⁿ-thé it-poaⁿ ē-tàng khu-hun chò lāi-hun-pì-choâⁿ kap goā-hun-pì-choâⁿ.

## Chham-khó
Goh Kun

**Goh Kun** (, ) sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka. I tī 1997 nî kàu 1998 nî kap 2003 nî kàu 2004 nî sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok chóng-lí. 2004 nî 3 goe̍h 12 ji̍t kàu 2004 nî 5 goe̍h 14 ji̍t, in-ūi chóng-thóng No Mu-hyeon siū kàu tân-he̍k, i tāi-lí chóng-thóng chit-bū.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok Chóng-lí
Chung Hong-won

**Chung Hong-won** (, ) sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka. I tī 2013 nî kàu 2015 nî sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok chóng-lí. 2014 nî 4 goe̍h 27 ji̍t, in-ūi Sewol-hō tîm-chûn sū-kò͘ soan-pò͘ sî-chit, m̄-kò Park Geun-hye lâu i kè-sio̍k chò chóng-lí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok Chóng-lí
Lāi-hun-pì-chôaⁿ

**Lāi-hun-pì-chôaⁿ** (Hàn: 內分泌泉; Eng: *endocrine gland*), he̍k-chiá **lāi-hun-pì-sàn** (內分泌腺), sī jîn-thé lāi ê chi̍t lūi chôaⁿ-thé; chit-khoán chôaⁿ-thé pēng bô te̍k-pia̍t ê kóng-soàⁿ, in só͘ hun-pì ê ho͘-lú-bóng ē ti̍t-chiap tòe hiat-e̍k sûn-khoân su-sàng kàu choân-sin.
Hwang Kyo-ahn

**Hwang Kyo-ahn** (, ) sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka. I tī 2015 nî kàu taⁿ sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok chóng-lí. Tùi 2016 nî 12 goe̍h 9 ji̍t khai-sí, in-ūi chóng-thóng Park Geun-hye siū kàu tân-he̍k, i tāi-lí chóng-thóng chit-bū.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok Chóng-lí
Kim Jong-pil

**Kim Jong-pil** (, ) sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī-ka. I tī 1971 nî kàu 1975 nî kap 1998 nî kàu 2000 nî sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok chóng-lí. I ê tiūⁿ-lâng-pâ Park Sang-hee sī Park Chung-hee ê hiaⁿ-tī.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok Chóng-lí
Võ Nguyên Giáp

**Võ Nguyên Giáp** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chi̍t ê chiong-kun, chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, mā sī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-sán Tóng ê kiàn-li̍p-chiá kap léng-tō-jîn chi it. Điện Biên Phủ Chiàn-e̍k sī i phah ê.
Võ Chí Công

**Võ Chí Công** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 1987 nî kàu 1992 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm ê kok-ka chú-se̍k.
Vo Chi Cong.jpg
Nguyễn Văn An

**Nguyễn Văn An** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, tùi 2001 nî kàu 2006 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm kok-hoē chú-se̍k.
.gg

**.gg** sī Guernsey ê kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain (ccTLD).

## Tsham-ua̍t
* .gb
* .je
* .uk
* .tv
* .me

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* Island Networks website
* IANA .gg whois information
Bián-tiān-gí

**Bián-tiān-gí** sī Bián-tiān ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bián-tiān
Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-Chōng gí-hē
Tetum-gí

**Tetum-gí** sī Tang Timor ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tang Timor
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Láu-o-gí

**Láu-o-gí** sī Láu-o ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân.

## Tsham-ua̍t

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

*Lao Language and Culture website
*Unicode: Lao
*Omniglot: Lao script
*Lao True Type Fonts

Lūi-pia̍t:Láu-o
Lūi-pia̍t:Thong-tâi gú-cho̍k
Nî-pô-lô-gí

**Nî-pô-lô-gí** a̍h-sī **Nî-pô-lô-ōe** sio̍k-î Ìn-tō͘ Aryan gí-ki, tī Nî-pô-lô, Bhutan, Ìn-tō͘ kap Bián-tiān ê chi̍t-kóa tē-khu sú-iōng sī Nî-pô-lô ê koaⁿ-hong giân-gú. Tāi-iok ū chi̍t-pòaⁿ ê Nî-pô-lô jîn-kháu kā Nî-pô-lô-ōe tòng-chò in ê bú-gú, chhun ê lâng tio̍h kā tòng-chò sī tē-jī giân-gú. Su-iōng hoān-ûi ùi tang Nî-pô-lô khai-sí, kàu Ìn-tō͘ ê Uttarakhand pang kap Himachal Pradesh pang.

Lūi-pia̍t:Nî-pô-lô
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-Au gí-hē
Sinhala-gí

**Sinhala-gí** sī Sri Lanka ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it, sio̍k-î Ìn-tō͘ Aryan gí-ki.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sri Lanka
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-Au gí-hē
Kazakh-gí

**Kazakh-gí** sī Kazakhstan ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Kazakhstan
Lūi-pia̍t:Kazakh-gú