Tetracycline

**Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò·**(Hôa-gí: 四環黴素) sī 1 cho· tī hòa-ha̍k-sèng hong-bīn siong-tong chiap-kīn ê khòng-seng-sò· (抗生素; antibiotic), ū chha-pu̍t-to kāng-khoán ê khoah-hāu-sèng tùi-khòng sè-khún hōan-ûi (Eng-gí: broad antibacterial spectrum), ē-tàng tùi-khòng chiâⁿ-chē chióng ê Gram (+) kap Gram(-) sè-khún, iah-koh ū spirochetes kap rickettsia téng-téng. Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê choh-iōng hoat-tō· sī kan-jiáu sè-khún ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit ê sán-seng. Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ū 200-gōa chióng, siāng-chia̍p khòaⁿ--kìⁿ-ê ū Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline téng-téng. 

## Pharmacodynamics

Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· kā sè-khún sè-pau ê ribosome ê 30S hi̍t pō·-hūn chiàm--khì, kan-jiáu polypeptide ê hô-sêng. 

Sè-khún sè-pau pìⁿ-sêng tùi tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ū khòng-io̍h-sèng (*resistant*) siāng-bô ū 2-ê ki-chè: efflux kap ribosomal protection.

## Pharmacokinetics

Tetracycline tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng chia̍h--ê, m̄-koh ū-sî ē iōng chēng-be̍h chù-siā (*intravenus*) kap ki-ba̍h chù-siā (*intramuscular*) ê hong-sek. Ùi ūi-tn̂g kip-siu ê sok-tō· siong-tong ê kín, tān-sī ū chiâⁿ-tōa ê sò-liōng lâu-tī tn̂g-á lāi. Tetracycline nā kah gû-leng he̍k-chiá hâm-ū calcium, magnesium, he̍k aluminum ê chia̍h-mi̍h chò-hóe chia̍h, in-ūi in ē kah i kiat-ha̍p, kip-siu ê liōng ē kàng-kē. 

Goân-sú ê tetracycline khòng-seng-sò·, hó-pí-kóng tetracycline, chlortetracycline, kap oxytetracycline ta̍k-ê 6 tiám-cheng chia̍h 250 mg tio̍h ē-tàng î-chhî sek-tòng ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·. In-ê pòaⁿ-seng-kî (half-life) sī 6-10 tiám-cheng; chia̍h liáu 2-4 tiám-cheng ta̍t-kàu siāng-koân ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·; 9-12 tiám-cheng āu kàng-kē 1-pòaⁿ ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·; 24 sió-sî āu hoeh-tiong lông-tō· tio̍h chiok-kē--á.
 
Demeclocycline kap methacycline pòaⁿ-seng-kî 16 tiám-cheng; ū-hāu ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō· ē-tit î-chhî kàu 24 sió-sî he̍k koh-khah kú.

Doxycycline kap minocycline pòaⁿ-seng-kî tāi-iok 16 kàu 18 tiám-cheng; kí-lē lâi kóng, doxycycline tē-1 pái chia̍h 200 mg, 2 tiám-cheng āu ta̍t-kàu siāng-koân ê hoeh-tiong lông-tō·, jiân-āu ta̍k-kang chia̍h 100 mg tio̍h ē-sái-tit.

Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê chí-iông-sèng (脂溶性) chiâⁿ koân, chin iông-ì chìn-jip cerebrospinal fluid, náu cho·-chit, ba̍k-chiu cho·-chit, kap prostate gland. In-ūi kah calcium ê kiat-ha̍p, in lóng chi̍p-tiong tī ku̍t-thâu kap chhùi-khí khah-chē. 

Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê pâi-sià sī keng-kòe jiō-sio̍h kap tāi-piān, chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe sīn-chōng (kidney). M̄-koh doxycycline kap minocycline sī thàu-kòe tāi-piān lâi pâi-sià.

## Hù-choh-iōng

Tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ê kòe-bín-hoán-èng hán-tit tú--tio̍h, ah nā-sī tùi chit-ê hē-lia̍t kî-tiong 1 chióng kòe-bín, tio̍h ē-ū kau-chha-kòe-bín-hoán-èng  (*cross-hypersensitivity*). 
Koân chè-liōng ê tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ū siong-hāi koaⁿ-chōng ê pò-kò. 

In-ūi i ē thong-kòe thai-pôaⁿ iân-tî thai-jî ê ku̍t-keh hoat-io̍k, khó-lêng kah thai-jî kî-hêng ū koan-hē, tī FDA ê hun-kip sī D-kip, bô kiàn-gī sú-iōng tī ū sin-ūn ê hū-jîn-lâng. In-ūi i tāi-pō·-hūn thàu-kòe sīn-chōng pâi-sià, ū sīn kong-lêng būn-tê ê lâng mài sú-iōng; minocycline kap doxycycline lī-gōa.
 
In-ūi tetracycline khòng-seng-sò· ek-chè tāi-to-sò· ê sè-khún, sú-iōng i lâi tī-liâu ē-tit tī chhùi-khiuⁿ, ē-tn̂g-tō (*lower intestinal tract*), kap in-tō só·-chāi (*vaginal area*) hoat-seng chèng-siông khún-lo̍h (*normal flora*) hō· tāi-liōng ê opportunistic organism chhú-tāi ê chhiau-kip kám-jiám chêng-hêng. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Candidiasis, 1-chióng liâm-mo̍h ê mûi-khún kám-jiám tio̍h ē hoat-seng tī chit-kóa-á só·-chāi.
 
Bô sek-tòng pó-chûn he̍k-chiá kòe-kî ê tetracycline ē hun-kái pìⁿ-chit, ē siong-hāi sīn-chōng.

## Sú-iōng ê hoat-tō·

### Tī khí-kho ê sú-iōng

Éng-kòe tetracycline hông tòng-chòe penicilline āu-piah ê tē-2 soán-tek (*second-choice*) khòng-seng-sò·, chiàng-sî í-keng m̄-sī, chiâⁿ-chió ū sú-iōng ê ki-hōe. Ū sî-chūn tetracycline go̍k-chhùi-chúi (*mouthwash*) ē sú-iōng tī giâm-tiōng ê recurrent aphthae, lichen planus, kap herpetic ulcer, lâi kiám-kheng khùi-iông só·-tī ê thiàⁿ. I-ê gôan-lí bô cheng-chhó, hāu-kó bô khak-tēng, khó-lêng kan-taⁿ sī tùi ī-hông koh-hoat-sèng (*secondary*) kám-jiám ū-hāu. Tetracycline bōe-sái sú-iōng chhiau-kòe liân-soah 3-kang, bô, ū candida albicans chiau-kip kám-jiám (*superinfection*) ê hûi-hiám. Kīn-lâi tetracycline khàng-seng-sò· pī sú-iōng tī khí-chiu-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu, chhái-iōng kio̍k-pō· hoat-tō· khǹg-tī khí-chiu tē-á (*periodontal pocket*) lāi-té, tòng-chòe chèng-kui ê ki-hâi-sèng tī-liâu ê hú-chō· tī-liâu.