Tn̂g-chio̍h

縮圖|Tò͘-sêng tn̂g-chio̍h kò͘-thé iông-e̍k ê khòng-bu̍t ê sêng-hūn ūi-siòng tô͘.
**Tn̂g-chio̍h** (; ) sī chi̍t chióng chō-gâm khòng-bu̍t ê cho̍k-kûn, sio̍k-tī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm khòng-bu̍t, sêng-hūn ū a-lú-mih, koh ū pau-hâm sodium, calcium, potassium ia̍h-sī barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the *plagioclase* (sodium-calcium) tn̂g-chio̍h kap *alkali* (potassium-sodium) tn̂g-chio̍h. Tē-khak liōng-iok ū 60% lóng sī tn̂g-chio̍h, tē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k tē-khak mā ū 41% ê tāng-liōng sī tn̂g-chio̍h.

## Sêng-hūn
Tn̂g-chio̍h chit khoán khòng-bu̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn sī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm (罟仔珪酸鹽). Chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tn̂g-chio̍h, in ê sêng-hūn ē-sái ēng saⁿ chióng toan-sêng-hūn lâi piáu-ta̍t:

* chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h (正長石) toan-sêng-hūn KAlSi3O8
* chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (曹長石) toan-sêng-hūn NaAlSi3O8
* hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (灰長石) toan-sêng-hūn CaAl2Si2O8

Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h (鹼長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò chhiâ-tn̂g-chio̍h (斜長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h kan-taⁿ ē-tàng sio-lām chò iú-hān ê kò͘-thé iông-ek, bē chiâⁿ-chò khòng-bu̍t; occurs between K-feldspar and anorthite, and in the two other solid solutions, immiscibility occurs at temperatures common in the crust of the Earth. Albite is considered both a plagioclase and alkali feldspar.

### Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h
Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h ū nn̄g chióng: chi̍t chióng pau-koat ka-lí, koh kap nā-tú-lih, a-lú-mih, ia̍h ke-sò͘ ê cho͘-ha̍p; lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng sī kā ka-lí ōaⁿ-chò barium. 

* orthoclase (monoclinic) 
* sanidine (monoclinic) 
* microcline (triclinic) 
* anorthoclase (triclinic) 

### Ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h
Buddingtonite sī chi̍t chióng ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h, hòa-ha̍k-sek sī NH4AlSi3O8.

### Barium tn̂g-chio̍h
Barium tn̂g-chio̍h lóng sī toaⁿ-chhoa̍h  ê cheng-thé, ū pau-koat

* celsian 
* hyalophane 

### Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h
Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h sī saⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé. Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h ū hē-lia̍t (hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h ê phă-siàn-tò͘ siá tī leh goe̍h-bâi-tiám lāi):

* chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (0 ~ 10) 
* oligoclase (10 ~ 30) 
* andesine (30 ~ 50) NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8
* labradorite (50 ~ 70) 
* bytownite (70 ~ 90) 
* hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (90 ~ 100) 

## Kiat-kò͘
Tn̂g-chio̍h sī chéng-thé kiat-kò͘ ê ki-pún tan-ūi sī “a-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé” (; ). Ta̍k-ê sì-bīn-thé ê cho͘-sêng lóng sī án-ne: tiong-ng ū chi̍t ê a-lú-mih ia̍h-sī ke-sò͘ lī-chú, piⁿ-·á hō͘ sì ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú ûi-·khí-lâi. Ta̍k-ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú iū-koh chiap-tio̍h kè-piah ê sì-bīn-thé, chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sam-chhù-goân ê bāng-lō͘. A-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé tī tn̂g-chio̍h lāi-té ê kiat-kò͘ sī tn̂g tiâu liān-á, chhit-oai-poeh-choāi, ná-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á. 
tóng-àn:Anorthite crankshaft.png|Tn̂g-chio̍h kiat-kò͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, khòaⁿ-·khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.
tóng-àn:Anorthite c.png|Iân c te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘
tóng-àn:Anorthite a.png|Iân a te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘
tóng-àn:Anorthite b.png|c


## Sû-goân
Eng-gí miâ **' sī tùi [[Tek-gí]] **' lâi--ê, che sī **' ([[Chhân-hn̂g|chhân]]) and **' (phiáⁿ [鉼]) ha̍p--khí-lâi ê ha̍p-sêng-sû. *Spat* ê  “chiok gâu li̍h--khui pìⁿ chi̍t phiáⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu”; ** chit-ê sû sī 18 sè-kí chiah khai-sí ū khah te̍k-pia̍t ê ì-sù, khó-lêng sī in-ūi lâng chin chia̍p hō͘ lâng tiàm chhân--lí ê chio̍h-thâu téng-koân chhōe--tio̍h (Urban Brückmann, 1783); lēng-gōa chi̍t ê kóng-hoat sī kóng, i tī hoa-kong-gâm ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ gâm-chio̍h lāi-té chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t phìⁿ, kaⁿ-ná “chhân” kāng-khoán (René-Just Haüy, 1804).

## Hong-hòa

## Seng-sán kap  lō͘-ēng

## Siòng-phìⁿ

tóng-àn:Feldspar-Group-170604.jpg|Specimen of rare plumbian (lead-rich) feldspar
tóng-àn:Beryl-Schorl-Feldspar-Group-288077.jpg|Perched on crystallized, white feldspar is an upright 4&nbsp;cm aquamarine crystal
tóng-àn:Feldspar-Group-Moonstone-36971.jpg|Feldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, Mexico
tóng-àn:Schorl-Feldspar-Group-49985.jpg|Schorl crystal on a cluster of euhedral feldspar crystals
tóng-àn:PIA16217-MarsCuriosityRover-1stXRayView-20121017.jpg|First X-ray view of Martian soil—feldspar, pyroxenes, olivine revealed (Curiosity rover at "Rocknest", October 17, 2012).
tóng-àn:Lunar Ferroan Anorthosite (60025).jpg|Lunar ferrous anorthosite #60025 (plagioclase feldspar). Collected by Apollo 16 from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater. This sample is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.


## Chham-khó chu-liāu