open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lêng-sng

**Lêng-sng** (Eng-gí: *citric acid*, hoà-hak-sek: C6H8O7), mā ū kóng **le-bóng-sng**, sī chū-jiân-kài ê chi̍t khoán jio̍k-sng, seng-hoà-siōng sī  tāi-siā koè-têng tiōng-iàu ê tiōng-kài-bu̍t, lêng-sng sûn-khoân ê koan-kiàn. Tī sán-gia̍p-siōng, mā sī siông-kiàn ê si̍t-phín kap ím-liāu thiam-ka-bu̍t.

Lêng-sng ê iâm-ki hêng-thài sī **lêng-sng-iâm** (citrate).

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-hòa-ha̍k
Gá-suh

**Gá-suh** sī khì-thài ê jiân-liāu, chóng-sī tiāⁿ ēng e̍k-thé ê hêng-thài lâi siu-khǹg. Ji̍t-siông só͘ ēng ê gá-suh it-poaⁿ sī thòaⁿ-hoà-chúi-sò͘ (*hydrocarbon*), chhan-chhiūⁿ kah-oân, piáⁿ-oân

## Gí-goân
"Gá-suh" sī tùi Ji̍t-gí ê *gasu* (ガス) thoân-ji̍p ê goā-lâi-gí. *Gasu* koh sī Eng-gí *gas* ê im-e̍k, he *gas* goân-lâi ê ì-sù sī khì-thé, hit jī nā ùi Bí-kok Eng-gí oan-ná ū jiân-liāu ê ì-sù.

## Chham-chiàu
Walter Gropius

**Walter Adolf Georg Gropius** (1883 nî 5 goe̍h 18 ji̍t - 1969 nî 7 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê kiàn-tio̍k-su. I sī Bauhaus ha̍k-hāu ê chhòng-pān-chiá, sī hiān-tāi-chú-gī kiàn-tio̍k ê khí-thâu-chiá chi it.
Thài-kok-jī

**Thài-kok-jī** (อักษรไทย *àksǒn thai*) sī Thài-gí kap chi̍t koá sió gí-giân só͘ sú-iōng ê bûn-jī hē-thóng. Chit khoán bûn-jī sio̍k abugida hêng-se̍k, sī í hù-im ûi chú ê su-siá hong-sek.

Thài-kok-jī hâm 44-ê hù-im kap 15-ê goân-im hû-hō, lēng-goā ū 4-ê siaⁿ-tiāu kì-hō.

## Hù-im

## Goân-im

Lūi-pia̍t:A-chiu ê bûn-jī
Avenida Paulista

**Paulista Avenue** (Portugal-gú: **Avenida Paulista**) sī Pa-se São Paulo chin chhut-miâ ê 1 tiâu toā-tō.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

* Paulista Avenue Le̍k-sú
Bourbon Ông-ka

**Bourbon Ông-ka** (Hoat-gí: *maison de Bourbon*) sī Au-chiu ê ông-ka, tī 16 sè-kí pat thóng-tī Navarra kap Hoat-kok; tī 18 sè-kí, in-ê sêng-oân mā pat thóng-tī Se-pan-gâ, Napoli, Sicilia kap Parma. 

Hiān-sî ê Se-pan-gâ kok-ông kap Luxembourg tāi-kong, iáu sio̍k Bourbon ê hiat-thóng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Ramayana

**Ramayana** (Devanagari-gí: रामायण *Rāmāyaṇa*), sī kó͘-chá ê Hoân-gí sú-sī, mā sī chi̍t pō͘ Ìn-tō͘-kàu sèng-toān.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-tō͘ bûn-hòa
Sòng Ìn-seng

**Sòng Ìn-seng** (宋應星, 1587 nî - 1666 nî) sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu sî-tāi ê ha̍k-chiá. I sī ki-su̍t chheh Thian-kong Khai-bu̍t ê pian-chiá.
Thian-kong Khai-bu̍t

***Thian-kong Khai-bu̍t*** (天工開物) sī Tiong-kok tī 17 sè-kí Bêng-tiâu ê ha̍k-chiá Sòng Ìn-seng só͘ pian ê chi̍t pō͘ ki-su̍t kap sán-gia̍p ê kì-lio̍k. Chheh tiong ū chhan-chhiūⁿ chè-thn̂g, chè-choá, iá-kim téng-téng ê toā-sè hāng ki-su̍t kài-siāo.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-bûn pek-kho choân-su
Georg Simmel

**Georg Simmel** (1858 nî 3 goe̍h 1 ji̍t - 1918 nî 9 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka. I sī siā-hoē-ha̍k ê khai-chhòng-chiá chi it.
Gwyneth Paltrow

**Gwyneth Paltrow** (1972 nî 9 goe̍h 27 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê ián-goân, i in-ūi 1998 nî ê *Shakespeare in Love* tit tio̍h Academy Chióng ê siāng-hó lú ián-goân sióng. I mā chhut-ián *The Talented Mr. Ripley* kap *Iron Man* téng-téng ê tiān-iáⁿ.
Sputnik 1

**Sputnik 1** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Спутник-1) sī thâu-ê chìn-ji̍p Tē-kiû kúi-tō ê jîn-kang oē-chheⁿ, sio̍k Soviet Liân-ha̍p só͘-iú, hoat-siā ê sî-kan sī 1957 nî 10 goe̍h 4 ji̍t; kàu 1958 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t ê sî-chūn hùi-khì sio-tiāu.
Leopardus pardalis

***Leopardus pardalis*** sī seng-oa̍h tī Tiong-lâm Bí-chiu ê chi̍t chióng iá-seng niau-kho tōng-bu̍t.

## Chham-khó bûn-hiān
La̍h-pà

**La̍h-pà**, ha̍k-miâ *Acinonyx jubatus* sī hiān-chûn ûi-it 1-chéng ê *[[Acinonyx]]*-sio̍k niau-kho tōng-bu̍t, hiān-sî toā-hūn seng-oa̍h tī Hui-chiu.

## Sok-tō
Chit khoán tōng-bu̍ te̍k-piat gâu cháo; m̄-koh tùi pê kha bô chāi-hâng. In ē sok-tō tī 460 m chi lāi, ē-tàng kàu 112 kap 120 km/h chi kan; lēng-goā ē-tàng tī 3 bió cheng lāi tùi 0 ka-sok kàu 103 km/h.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Marilyn Monroe

**Marilyn Monroe** (1926 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t - 1962 nî 8 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê ián-goân, koa-chhiú, kiam model. I sī tong-tāi lûi-hêng bûn-hoà ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t chi it. Monroe ián koè ê tiān-iáⁿ ū *The Seven Year Itch*, *The Prince and the Showgirl*, kap *Some Like It Hot* téng-téng.
Model

**Model** (má-to͘h) sī chi̍t khoán chit-gia̍p, sī choan-bûn lī-ēng in ê goā-piáu, piáu-ián, táⁿ-pān kap chhēng-chhah, lâi chham-ú sî-siōng siat-kè, gē-su̍t chhòng-chok, ia̍h kok khoán soan-thoân oa̍h-tāng ê lâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sî-sek
Lūi-pia̍t:Gē-su̍t
John Dalton

**John Dalton** () sī Eng-lân ê hoà-ha̍k-ka kiam bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka. I sī hiān-tāi goân-chú lí-lūn ê thê-chhut-chiá.
Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac

thumb|Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac

**Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac** () sī Hoat-kok ê hoà-ha̍k-ka kiam bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka. I tùi khì-thé ê sèng-chit chin ū ián-kiù.
Piān-tong

**Piān-tong**, mā ū kóng **pn̄g-pau**, **pn̄g-a̍p**, sī chi̍t thò hong-piān lâng chah--leh ê pn̄g-chhài, it-poaⁿ chng tī kheh-á lāi-bīn. Tâi-gí ê "piān-tong" chit-ê tan-jī sī tùi Ji̍t-gí ê *bentô* (辨當/弁当) thoân ji̍p.
Tang-hún Ông

**Tang-hún Ông** (冬粉王) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông Iâm-tiâⁿ-po͘ ê chi̍t keng chhan-thiaⁿ, 1970 nî khai-siat, choan-bûn bē tang-hún kap chi̍t-koá kan-tan ê thoân-thóng Tâi-oân liāu-lí, tī chāi-tē chin chhut-miâ.
Tang-hún

**Tang-hún** sī le̍k-tāu-hún ia̍h sī kî-tha saⁿ-chhin-chhiūⁿ ê châi-liāu chò ê mī-hêng chia̍h-mi̍h. Tī Tiong-kok it-poaⁿ kóng "**hún-si**".
Croatia-gí

**Croatia-gí** (Croatia-gí: hrvatski jezik) sī Croatia ê koan-hong gí-giân.
* ISO 639-1=hr
* ISO 639-2=hrv/scr
* ISO 639-3=hrv
* SIL=HRV

## Liân-kiat

* Croatia-gí (Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje)  
* Croatia-gí Academy 

Lūi-pia̍t:Slav gú-cho̍k
Cherkasy Chiu

**Cherkasy séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Cherkas`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,304,300, biān-chek 20,900&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Cherkasy.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Chernihiv Chiu

**Chernigiv séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Chernigivs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,121,300, biān-chek 31,865&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Chernigiv.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Blizzard Entertainment

**Blizzard Entertainment, Inc.** sī Bí-kok ê tiān-náu iû-hì khai-hoat-chiá kiam chhut-pán-chiá, chêng-sin sī 1991 nî chhòng-li̍p ê **Silicon & Synapse**. 1994 nî kái chò hiān-chāi ê miâ, hiān-sî sī Activision Blizzard ê chú-kong-si. In khah chhut-miâ ê chok-phín ū *[[Warcraft]]*, *[[StarCraft]]* kap *[[Diablo]]* hē-lia̍t.

*
Oblast

**Oblast** sī Slav kok-ka ê chi̍t chióng hêng-chèng-khu, tī Hàn-bûn ē-sái hoan chò "chiu", "séng" ia̍h sī "khu" téng-téng. Oblast tī hiān-sî ê Belarus, Bulgariya, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lō͘-se-a kap Ukraina tng teh sú-ēng. Tī khah chá ê Soviet Liân-ha̍p mā ū ēng tio̍h.

## Kok gí-giân kóng-hoat
*Lō͘-se-a-gí kap Ukrayina-gí: область (*oblast*)
*Belarus-gí: вобласць (*woblasz*)
*Srbija-gí kap Bulgaria-gí: област (*oblast*)
Chernivtsi Chiu

**Chernivci séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Chernivecz`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 904,100, biān-chek 8,097&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Chernivci.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Dnipropetrovsk Chiu

**Dnipropetrovsk séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Dnipropetrovs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 3,374,200, biān-chek 31,914&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Dnipro.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Donetsk Chiu

**Donetsk séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Donecz`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 4,500,500, biān-chek 26,517&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Donetsk.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*2022 nî Lō͘-se-a chhim-lio̍k Ukraina
*Lō͘-se-a ha̍p-pèng Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk kap Luhansk
*Donetsk Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Ivano-Frankivsk Chiu

**Ivano-Frankivsk séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Ivano-Frankivs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,381,100, biān-chek 13,900&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Ivano-Frankivsk.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Kharkiv Chiu

**Kharkiv séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Xarkivs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 2,782,400, biān-chek 31,415&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Kharkiv.

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Khmelnytskyi Chiu

**Khmelnytskyi séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Xmel`ny`cz`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,341,400, biān-chek 20,645&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Khmelnytskyi.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Kyiv Chiu

**Kyiv séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Ky`yivs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,727,800, biān-chek 28,131&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Kyiv, Ukrayina ê siú-to͘.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Kirovohrad Chiu

**Kirovohrad séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Kirovohrads`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,027,000, biān-chek 24,588&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Kropyvnytskyi.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Odesa Chiu

**Odesa séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Odes`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 2,392,200, biān-chek 33,310&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Odesa.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Poltava Chiu

**Poltava séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Poltavs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,511,400, biān-chek 28,748&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Poltava.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Rivne Chiu

**Rivne séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Rivnens`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,151,000, biān-chek 20,047&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Rivne.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Sumy Chiu

**Sumy séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Sums`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,184,000, biān-chek 23,834&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Sumy.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Ternopil Chiu

**Ternopil séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Ternopil`s`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,093,300, biān-chek 13,823&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Ternopil.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Luhansk Chiu

**Luhansk séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Luhans`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 2,331,800, biān-chek 26,684&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Luhansk.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*2022 nî Lō͘-se-a chhim-lio̍k Ukraina
*Lō͘-se-a ha̍p-pèng Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk kap Luhansk
*Lugansk Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Lviv Chiu

**Lviv séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *L`vivs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 2,552,900, biān-chek 21,833&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Lviv.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Vinnytsia Chiu

**Vinnytsia séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Vinnyts`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,660,000, biān-chek 26,513&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Vinnytsia.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Volyn Chiu

**Volyn séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Voly`ns`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,036,200, biān-chek 20,144&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Lutsk.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Zakarpattia Chiu

**Zakarpattya séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Zakarpats`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,243,400, biān-chek 12,777&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Uzhhorod.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Zhytomyr Chiu

**Zhytomyr séng** (; Lô-má-jī: *Zhy`tomy`rs`ka oblast`*) sī Ukraina ê chi̍t-ê séng (*[[oblast]]*), jîn-kháu (2009 nî) ū 1,294,200, biān-chek 29,832&nbsp;km², siú-hú sī Zhytomyr.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê chiu
Kyiv

**Kyiv** (; Lô-má-jī: *Ky`yiv*) sī Ukraina ê siú-to͘ kiam tē-it toā siâⁿ-chhī, ū 261 bān jîn-kháu.

Lūi-pia̍t:Siú-to͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina
あ

Hiragana ê **あ** kap katakana ê **ア**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **a** lâi piáu-sī. あ/ア tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-1-ê.
い

Hiragana ê **い** kap katakana ê **イ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **i** lâi piáu-sī. い/イ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-2-ê.
え

Hiragana ê **え** kap katakana ê **エ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **e** lâi piáu-sī. え/エ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-4-ê.
か

Hiragana ê **か** kap katakana ê **カ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ka** lâi piáu-sī. か/カ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-6-ê.
う

Hiragana ê **う** kap katakana ê **ウ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **u** lâi piáu-sī. う/ウ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-3-ê.
お

Hiragana ê **お** kap katakana ê **オ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **o** lâi piáu-sī. お/オ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-5-ê.
き

Hiragana ê **き** kap katakana ê **キ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ki** lâi piáu-sī. き/キ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-7-ê.
く

Hiragana ê **く** kap katakana ê **ク**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ku** lâi piáu-sī. く/ク tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-8-ê.
け

Hiragana ê **け** kap katakana ê **ケ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ke** lâi piáu-sī. け/ケ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-9-ê.
こ

Hiragana ê **こ** kap katakana ê **コ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ko** lâi piáu-sī. こ/コ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-10-ê.
さ

Hiragana ê **さ** kap katakana ê **サ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **sa** lâi piáu-sī. さ/サ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-11-ê.
せ

Hiragana ê **せ** kap katakana ê **セ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **se** lâi piáu-sī. せ/セ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-14-ê.
そ

Hiragana ê **そ** kap katakana ê **ソ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **so** lâi piáu-sī. そ/ソ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-15-ê.
た

Hiragana ê **た** kap katakana ê **タ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ta** lâi piáu-sī. た/タ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-16-ê.
ち

Hiragana ê **ち** kap katakana ê **チ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ti** (**chi**) lâi piáu-sī. ち/チ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-17-ê.
つ

Hiragana ê **つ** kap katakana ê **ツ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **tu** (**tsu**) lâi piáu-sī. つ/ツ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-18-ê.
て

Hiragana ê **て** kap katakana ê **テ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **te** lâi piáu-sī. て/テ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-19-ê.
し

Hiragana ê **し** kap katakana ê **シ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **si** (**shi**) lâi piáu-sī. し/シ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-12-ê.
す

Hiragana ê **す** kap katakana ê **ス**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **su** lâi piáu-sī. す/ス tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-13-ê.
と

Hiragana ê **と** kap katakana ê **ト**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **to** lâi piáu-sī. と/ト tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-20-ê.
な

Hiragana ê **な** kap katakana ê **ナ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **na** lâi piáu-sī. な/ナ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-21-ê.
に

Hiragana ê **に** kap katakana ê **ニ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ni** lâi piáu-sī. に/ニ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-22-ê.
ぬ

Hiragana ê **ぬ** kap katakana ê **ヌ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **nu** lâi piáu-sī. ぬ/ヌ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-23-ê.
ね

Hiragana ê **ね** kap katakana ê **ネ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ne** lâi piáu-sī. ね/ネ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-24-ê.
ひ

Hiragana ê **ひ** kap katakana ê **ヒ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **hi** lâi piáu-sī. ひ/ヒ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-27-ê.
ふ

Hiragana ê **ふ** kap katakana ê **フ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **hu** (**fu**) lâi piáu-sī. ふ/フ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-28-ê.
へ

Hiragana ê **へ** kap katakana ê **ヘ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **he** lâi piáu-sī. へ/ヘ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-29-ê.
ほ

Hiragana ê **ほ** kap katakana ê **ホ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ho** lâi piáu-sī. ほ/ホ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-30-ê.
ま

Hiragana ê **ま** kap katakana ê **マ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ma** lâi piáu-sī. ま/マ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-31-ê.
み

Hiragana ê **み** kap katakana ê **ミ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **mi** lâi piáu-sī. み/ミ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-32-ê.
む

Hiragana ê **む** kap katakana ê **ム**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **mu** lâi piáu-sī. む/ム tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-33-ê.
め

Hiragana ê **め** kap katakana ê **メ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **me** lâi piáu-sī. め/メ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-34-ê.
も

Hiragana ê **も** kap katakana ê **モ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **no** lâi piáu-sī. も/モ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-35-ê.
や

Hiragana ê **や** kap katakana ê **ヤ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ya** lâi piáu-sī. や/ヤ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-36-ê.
ゆ

Hiragana ê **ゆ** kap katakana ê **ユ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **yu** lâi piáu-sī. ゆ/ユ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-37-ê.
は

Hiragana ê **は** kap katakana ê **ハ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ha** lâi piáu-sī. は/ハ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-26-ê.
よ

Hiragana ê **よ** kap katakana ê **ヨ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **yo** lâi piáu-sī. よ/ヨ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-38-ê.
ら

Hiragana ê **ら** kap katakana ê **ラ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ra** lâi piáu-sī. ら/ラ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-39-ê.
れ

Hiragana ê **れ** kap katakana ê **レ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **re** lâi piáu-sī. れ/レ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-42-ê.
り

Hiragana ê **り** kap katakana ê **リ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ri** lâi piáu-sī. り/リ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-40-ê.
わ

Hiragana ê **わ** kap katakana ê **ワ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **wa** lâi piáu-sī. わ/ワ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-44-ê.
ゐ

Hiragana ê **ゐ** kap katakana ê **ヰ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **i** lâi piáu-sī. ゐ/ヰ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-45-ê. Chit-ê kana tī hiān-sî ê piau-chún kana hē-thóng lāi í-keng khí-hō͘ い chú-tāi.
ゑ

Hiragana ê **ゑ** kap katakana ê **ヱ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **e** lâi piáu-sī. ゑ/ヱ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-46-ê. Chit-ê kana tī hiān-sî ê piau-chún kana hē-thóng lāi í-keng khí hō͘ え chú-tāi.
ろ

Hiragana ê **ろ** kap katakana ê **ロ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ro** lâi piáu-sī. ろ/ロ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-43-ê.
る

Hiragana ê **る** kap katakana ê **ル**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **ru** lâi piáu-sī. る/ル tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-41-ê.
を

Hiragana ê **を** kap katakana ê **ヲ**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **o** lâi piáu-sī. を/ヲ tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-47-ê.
ん

Hiragana ê **ん** kap katakana ê **ン**, sī Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī ê kana, Lô-má-jī (kunrei-sek) ēng **n** lâi piáu-sī. ん/ン tī it-poaⁿ ê gō͘-cha̍p-im piáu lāi-té pâi tī tē-48-ê.
Kana

**Kana** (khá-nah; , Katakana: ) sī chi̍t khoán Ji̍t-pún bûn-jī, hiān-sî Ji̍t-gí só͘ thong-iōng ê kana ū 2-cho͘: Hiragana (平仮名, ひらがな) kap Katakana (片仮名, カタカナ). Lēng-goā khah chá mā ū Man'yôgana (万葉仮名), sī chi̍t thò ēng Hàn-jī lâi piáu-sī ê kó͘-sek kana; koh ū chi̍t koá hō chò Hentaigana (変体仮名) ê piàn-hêng.

Tû-liáu Ji̍t-gí, kana mā hōng ēng lâi pheng Ainu-gí kap Liû-kiû-gí. Tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân, kana mā hông èng-iōng lâi chò Tâi-oân-oē kap kî-tha Tâi-oân chāi-tē gí-giân ê pheng-im.

## Siong-koan
* Katakana
* Hiragana
* Tâi-oân-gí khá-nah
Chhńg-á

**Chhńg-á-hî** sī ***Thunnus*** lūi ê hî-á.

## Chéng
* *Thunnus alalunga* (Bonnaterre, 1788).
* *Thunnus obesus* (Lowe, 1839).
* *Thunnus atlanticus* (Lesson, 1831).
* *Thunnus orientalis* (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
* *Thunnus thynnus* (Linnaeus, 1758).
* *Thunnus maccoyii* (Castelnau, 1872).
* *Thunnus tonggol* (Bleeker, 1851).
* *Thunnus albacares* (Bonnaterre, 1788).

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Lô͘-hêng-bo̍k
Paul Kagame

**Paul Kagame** () sī Rwanda ê chóng-thóng, 2000 nî chāi-ūi kàu taⁿ. I ê chèng-tóng sī Rwanda Ài-kok Chiân-tīn.
Lêng-lân-chháu

**Lêng-lân-chháu**, ha̍k-miâ *Adiantum philippense*, sī Tâi-oân choân-tó lóng ū seⁿ.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chhì-á-hoe

**Chhì-á-hoe**, seng-bu̍t ê sio̍k-miâ sī *Bougainvillea* ê kui-ná-chóng hoe. Hoe chiâⁿ-súi , m̄-ko oe seⁿ-chhì ē chak-lâng.
Giâ-kang-chháu

**Giâ-kang-chháu**, ha̍k-miâ *Helminthostachys zeylanica*, mā ū lâng kiò i **tó-tē giâ-kang**, **tó kî-lîn**, **tē giâ-kang**, **koè-lō͘ giâ-kang**. Tī Tâi-oân choân-tó lóng ū seⁿ.

## chham-khó chu-liāu
Káu-chit

**Káu-chit**, ha̍k-miâ *Cibotium barometz*, mā kiò chò **kut-chhùi-pó͘**, tī Tâi-oân ê tiong-pak-pō͘ ū seⁿ.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chhiu-lêng

**Chhiu-lêng** iah-sī kiò **hong-put-tōng**, ha̍k-miâ:*Pyrrosia adnascens* (Sw.) Ching, *Cyclophorus adnascens* (Sw.) Desv. , *Polypodium adnascens* Sw. 

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chio̍h-peng-á

**Chio̍h-peng-á** ia̍h-sī kiò  **Chio̍h-pan**, ha̍k-miâ : *Acrossocheilus paradoxus*, sī chit-chióng oa̍h tī khe-á ê sè-boé hî-á.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Iûⁿ-khí si̍t-bu̍t

**Iûⁿ-khí si̍t-bu̍t** (羊齒植物), he̍k-chiá kóng **koeh-lūi** (kòe-, kè-) sī chi̍t toā lūi ê si̍t-bu̍t, ū tāi-iok 12,000 chéng. Koeh-lūi ū koáiⁿ, hio̍h, kin; mā ū ûi-kóng-sok. In bô hoat chéng-chí mā bô khui hoe, sī óa-khò pau-chí leh seⁿ-thoân.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chio̍h-kiàm

**Chio̍h-kiàm**, ha̍k-miâ:*Pyrrosia lingua* (Thunb.) Farw., *Acrostichum lingua* Thunb., *Cyclophorus lingua* (Thunb.) Desv.  

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Khe-ko-á

**Khe-ko-á** sī oa̍h tī khe-á ê sè-boé hî. Toā-boé kang-ê kiò chò **Âng-niau**.
I ū ē-kha ê chéng:
* *[[Zacco chengtui]]* Kimura, 1934
* *[[Zacco platypus]]* (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) – Pale Chub, Freshwater Minnow
* *[[Zacco taiwanensis]]* Chen, 1982

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chhì-chhang-á

**Chhì-chhang-á** ia̍h-sī kiò-chò **Chhit-chheⁿ-á** sī oa̍h tī hái ê hî. Ū kui-ná chióng, in ê ha̍k-miâ thâu-chi̍t-jī sī *Scomberoides*. Ū ē-kha chit kui-chióng:
**Scomberoides commersonnianus* Lacepède, 1801
**Scomberoides lysan* (Forsskål, 1775)
**Scomberoides tala* (Cuvier, 1832)
**Scomberoides tol* (Cuvier, 1832)

## chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Lô͘-hêng-bo̍k
Cambria-kí

**Cambria-kí** (Eng-gí: *Cambrian Period *), Hàn-bûn-sek hoan-e̍k sī **Hân-bú-kí** (寒武紀), sī Kó͘-seng-tāi (*Paleozoic*) lāi-té thâu-chi̍t-ê tē-chit sî-tāi, sî-kan tùi 542 ± 0.3 Ma (pah-bān nî chêng) kàu 488.3 ± 1.7 Ma. I-ê āu chi̍t tāi sī Ordovices-kí (*Ordovician*). "Cambria-kí" chit-ê miâ sī tùi "Cambria" (Cymru ê Lô-má miâ) só͘ hō.

## Siong-koan
* Cambria po̍k-hoat
* Sian-Cambria sî-tāi

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* 
* Biostratigraphy  – includes information on Cambrian trilobite biostratigraphy
*  Dr. Sam Gon's trilobite pages  (contains numerous Cambrian trilobites)
* Examples of Cambrian Fossils
* Paleomap Project
* Report on the web on Amthor and others from ''Geology'' vol. 31
* Weird Life on the Mats
Yap Ah Loy

**Yap Ah Loy** (葉亞來; Kheh-oē: *Ya̍p Â-lòi*; 1837 nî 3 goe̍h 14 ji̍t kàu 1885 nî 4 goe̍h 16 ji̍t), mā kiò **Yap Tet Loy**, **Yap Mao Lan**, sī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang chhut-sin ê khai-hoat-chiá. I sī Má-lâi-se-a siú-to͘ Kuala Lumpur ê khí-chō-chiá, pat chò koè Hôa-jîn tāi-piáu Kapitan Cina.
Mahathir bin Mohamad

**Mahathir bin Mohamad** (1925 nî 7 goe̍h 10 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Má-lâi-se-a tē-4-ê siú-siòng, tùi 1981 nî chāi-ūi kàu 2003 nî, sī hit kok le̍k-sú-siong chāi-ūi siâng kú ê siú-siòng. I tī jīm lāi chú-chhî Má-liâ-se-a ê hiān-tāi-hoà.
Cambria po̍k-hoat

**Cambria po̍k-hoat** (Eng-gí: *Cambrian explosion*) sī kóng Tē-kiû téng chi̍t-ê sêng-bu̍t to-iūⁿ-sèng tāi-liōng chin-ka ê sî-tāi, tāi-iok hoat-seng tī 542 Ma kàu 530 Ma (pah-bān nî chêng) ê Cambria-kí kî-kan. Kun-kù hoà-chio̍h kì-lio̍k, toā-hūn ê tōng-bu̍t mn̂g tī chit-ê sî-kî chhut-hiān.
Bô-boé-hîm

**Bô-boé-hîm**, Eng-gí **Koala**, ha̍k-miâ ***Phascolarctos cinereus***, sī chi̍t chióng Ò-chiu goân-seng ê chhiū-chhē chia̍h-chháu ū-tē tōng-bu̍t. In sī Phascolarctidae chit kho ûi-it ê hiān-chûn chéng.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng

**Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng** (Eng-gí: *conservation status*) sī chi̍t-ê seng-bu̍t bu̍t-chéng he̍k-chiá kûn-thé tī hiān-taⁿ kap kīn bī-lâi khó-lêng ê chûn-oa̍h chêng-hêng chí-piau.

Seng-bu̍t siū gûi-hia̍p ê chêng-hêng hun 3 ki̍p (tùi giâm-tiōng khai-sí): 

* Kīn-choa̍t-bia̍t (Critically Endangered **CR**)
* Choa̍t-bia̍t gûi-kip (Endangered **EN**)
* Gûi-kip (Vulnerable **VU**)

## IUCN Âng Miâ-toaⁿ ê hun-lūi

* Choa̍t-bia̍t (絕滅, *Extinct*, **EX**)
* Iá-seng choa̍t-bia̍t (野生絕滅, *Extinct in the wild*, **EW**)
* Kīn-choa̍t-bia̍t (近絕滅, *Critically Endangered*, **CR**)
* Choa̍t-bia̍t gûi-kip (絕滅危急, *Endangered species*, **EN**)
* Gûi-kip (危急, *Vulnerable species*, **VU**)
* Kīn-gûi-kip (近危急, *Near Threatened*, **NT**)
* I-lāi pó-io̍k (依賴保育, *Conservation Dependent*, **CD**)
* Kē-gûi-hiám (低危險, *Least Concern*, **LC**)

* Sò͘-kì khiàm-khoeh (數據欠缺, *Data deficient*, **DD**)
* Boē phêng-kè (未評價, *Not evaluated*, **NE**)

## Siong-koan
* IUCN Âng Miâ-toaⁿ
* Pó-io̍k
Kng-êng-ióng seng-bu̍t

**Kng-êng-ióng seng-bu̍t** (Eng-gí: *phototroph*) sī chìn-hêng kng-ha̍p-sêng lâi chū-sáng lêng-liōng lâi-goân (thoàn-chúi-hoà-bu̍t) ê oa̍h-mi̍h.

Lūi-pia̍t:Si̍t-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-hòa-ha̍k
W. E. B. Du Bois

**William Edward Burghardt Du Bois** (1868 nî 2 goe̍h 23 ji̍t - 1963 nî 8 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka kap kong-bîn koân ūn-tōng-chiá, tùi chéng-cho̍k gī-tê chin ū gián-kiù.
Koeh Hêng-chiat

**Koeh Hêng-chiat** (chāi-tē siá-hoat: **Kwee Hing Tjiat**, Hàn-jī: 郭恒節; 1892 nî - 1939 nî 6 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Ìn-nî ê kì-chiá. I sī thó͘-seng Hoâ-jîn, pat chò koè *[[Sin Po]]* (新報, "Sin Pò", chi̍t hūn sin-bûn) ê pian-chi̍p. I goân-lâi sī Tiong-kok-lâng bîn-chok-chú-gī-chiá, āu-lâi chú-tiuⁿ Hoâ-jîn ài iông-ji̍p Ìn-nî chāi-tē.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
*
Kui-á-tiū

**Kui-á-tiū** sī chi̍t-chióng iá-seng ê tiū-á. I ê ha̍k-miâ sī *Oryza rufipogon*. Tâi-oân-ê sī tī Thô-hn̂g kap Sin-tek pat khoàⁿ-tio̍h.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Jane Addams

**Jane Addams** () sī Bí-kok ê siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka, siā-hoē kap chèng-tī oa̍h-tāng-chiá. I tī 1931 nî in-ūi tùi kok-chè-sèng hô-pêng cho͘-chit oa̍h-tāng ê kòng-hiàn tit tio̍h Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng, sī thâu-chi̍t-ê siū sióng ê cha-bó͘ Bí-kok-lâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
Anna J. Cooper

**Anna Julia Haywood Cooper** (io̍k 1858 nî 8 goe̍h 10 ji̍t - 1964 nî 2 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê chok-chiá, kàu-io̍k-chiá. I sī chá-kî siū ko-téng kàu-io̍k ê Hui-chiu-hē lú-sèng chi it.
Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ

**Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ** sī Tâi-oân ê Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē tī Tâi-lâm siat ê ha̍k-hāu.

## Liân-kiat
*Tâi-lâm Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-lâm-chhī ê kàu-io̍k
Martin Luther King

**Martin Luther King, Jr.** () sī Bí-kok ê bo̍k-su, mā sī siā-hoē ūn-tōng-chiá, Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng ê bîn-khoân ūn-tōng léng-siù. I tī 1964 nî in-ūi tùi chéng-cho̍k chha-pia̍t ê hoán-khòng ūn-tōng, tit tio̍h Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng. 

I tī 1968 nî 4 goe̍h 4 ji̍t hōng chhì-sat sin-bông.

Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
Bì-luh

**Bì-luh**, mā siá chò **bih-luh**, ia̍h ū kóng **be̍h-á-chiú** (麥仔酒), sī thong sè-kài siāng kó͘-chá, siāng liû-hêng ê chiú-cheng ím-liāu; mā sī tē-saⁿ liû-hêng ê ím-liāu, pâi tī-leh chúi kap tê ê āu-piah. Bì-luh sī ùi kok-si̍t kek chhut-lâi ê; siāng chia̍p ēng hoat-gê ê tōa-be̍h lâi kek, m̄-koh mā ū ēng be̍h-á, hoan-be̍h ia̍h tiū (bí) lâi kek ê. Tī kek-chiú ê kòe-têng tiong, be̍h-á-chiap lāi ê tiān-hún thn̂g ē choán-hòa chò chiú-cheng kap thòaⁿ-sng páu-hô (*carbonation*), chiâⁿ-chò chòe-āu ê bì-luh. Tōa-pòaⁿ ê hiān-tāi bí-luh lóng sī iōng bí-luh-hoe khì kek--ê; lēng-gōa mā ē lām chi̍t-kóa tiâu-bī-che, chhin-chhiūⁿ chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t ia̍h-sī kóe-chí. Tī siong-gia̍p ê kek-chiú kòe-têng tiong, chū-jiân thòaⁿ-sng páu-hô chok-iōng it-poaⁿ the̍h kiông-chè thòaⁿ-sng páu-hô lâi chú-tāi.

Hiān-tāi bì-luh ê chiú-cheng lông-tō͘ (ABV) it-poaⁿ tī 4% chì 6% tiong-kan, m̄-koh mā ū-khó-lêng tī 0.5% chì 20%, mā ū chhiau-kòe 40% ê.  Bì-luh sī chē-chē kok-ka ê bûn-hòa ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, chham chi̍t-kóa siā-hōe thoân-thóng kiat-ha̍p, chhin-chhiūⁿ bì-luh cheh, iáu-koh ū chi̍t-kóa phah-buh bûn-hòa mā chham bì-luh ū-koan.

## Le̍k-sú

## Kek-chiú

Chè-chō bì-luh ê kòe-têng hō-chò kek-chiú. Choan-bûn teh kek-chiú ê só͘-chāi hō-chò chiú-chhiúⁿ, m̄-koh bì-luh mā ē-tàng tī chhù-lāi ka-kī kek. Tī sian-chìn-kok, kek-chiú siū-tio̍hchèng-hú li̍p-hoat kap khioh-sòe ê kui-hoān; ùi 19 sè-kí bóe-kî khai-sí, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê kek-chiú lóng sī siong-gia̍p-hòa ê. M̄-koh, Eng-kok chèng-hú tī 1963 nî hòng-khoan li̍p-hoat, lo̍h-bóe Ò-tāi-lī-a kap Bí-kok mā hun-pia̍t tòe leh tī 1972 nî kap 1978 nî hòng-khoan; ún-chún tī chhù-lāi ka-kī kek-chiú.

Kek-chiú ê bo̍k-tek sī beh kā tiān-hún lâi-goân choán-hòa chò thn̂g-chúi, hō-chò be̍h-chiap (*wort*); lo̍h-bóe chiah koh thàu-kòe kàⁿ-bú hoat-kàⁿ lâi kā be̍h-chiap chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ choán-hòa chò chiú-cheng ím-liāu, iā-chiū-sī bì-luh.

Tē-it pō͘ hō-chò thn̂g-hòa (*mashing*), tio̍h sī kā tiān-hún lâi-goân (it-poaⁿ sī be̍h-gê) chham sio chúi lām chò-hóe, chiâⁿ-chò be̍h-chiap. Sio chúi hām chhùi be̍h-gê tī thn̂g-hòa tháng (*mash tun*) lāi-bīn hūn-ha̍p. Thn̂g-hòa ê kòe-têng tāi-iok 1 kàu 2 tiám-cheng; tī chit-ê kòe-têng tiong, tiān-hún choán-hòa chò thn̂g, jiân-āu tiⁿ ê be̍h-chiap hām kok-si̍t hun-lī. Kok-si̍t ē keng-kòe chi̍t ê hō-chò "phùn-siā" (*sparging*) ê kòe-têng; chit-ê sé kok-si̍t ê kòe-têng ē-tàng hō͘ bì-luh ùi kok-si̍t tiong siu-chi̍p tio̍h koh-khah chē hoat-kàⁿ ê e̍k-thé. Ùi be̍h-chiap kap phùn-siā e̍k-thé kòe-lī kok-si̍t ê kòe-têng hō-chò "be̍h-chiap hun-lī" (*wort separation*). Thoân-thóng ê be̍h-chiap hun-lī kòe-têng sī "kòe-lī" (*lautering*); kok-si̍t pún-sin tiō sī kòe-lī kài-chit. Chi̍t-kóa hiān-tāi ê kek-chiú hong-sek sī iōng kòe-lī-khì lâi chò hun-lī ê tōng-chok, án-ne ē-tàng kā iù hún-boa̍h mā kòe-lī hō͘ tiāu.

Tōa-pòaⁿ hiān-tāi ê kek-chiú koe-têng lóng kā goân-lâi ê be̍h-chiap kap phùn-siā sé chhut-lâi ê e̍k-thé lām chò-hóe.

## Sêng-hūn

Bì-luh ê ki-pún sêng-hūn sī chúi. Tiān-hún (chhin-chhiūⁿ be̍h-gê).

## Kek-chiú sán-gia̍p

## Piàn-hòa

## Chhek-liông
### Sek-tì

### Kiông-tō͘

## Ho̍k-bū

## Kiān-khong éng-hióng

## Êng-ióng chu-sìn

## Siā-hōe kap bûn-hòa

## Hòa-ha̍k

## Chham-khó

;Lâi-goân
*
Ethanol

**Ethanol** (Eng-gí: *ethanol*, Hoâ-gí: 乙醇 *It-sûn*) sī it-poaⁿ kóng ê **chiú-cheng**, sio̍k sûn-lūi, siông-thài-hā sī hui-hoat-sèng ê khó-jiân e̍k-thé.

Lūi-pia̍t:Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t
Bùn-chhí

**Bùn-chhí** (鼢鼠) iah-sī kiò chò **Bùn-tē-chhí** (鼢地鼠) sī chi̍t-chióng niáu-chhí. I ê ha̍k-miâ sī *Mogera insularis*. 

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Phàu-mī

**Phàu-mī** sī chi̍t-chióng tek-chiap phàu sio-chúi tio̍h ē-tàng chia̍h ê mī. I bē hō͘ lâng chìn-chêng, seⁿ-lí-lâng tio̍h seng iōng iû chìⁿ-koè.
B. F. Skinner

thumb|B. F. Skinner

**Burrhus Frederic Skinner** () sī Bí-kok ê sim-lí-ha̍k-ka. I tùi tōng-bu̍t hêng-ûi ū chin chē si̍t-giām-sèng ê gián-kiù. Skinner mā sī ha̍k-phài hêng-ûi-chú-gī ê tāi-piáu chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok sim-lí-ha̍k-ka
Corbin Bleu

**Corbin Bleu** (), pún-miâ **Corbin Bleu Reivers**, sī Bí-kok New York City chhut-sin ê R&B koa-chhiú, chè-chō-jîn kap ián-goân, I ū ián koè High School Musical, Catch That Kid, Jump In!, Free Style téng-téng ê tiān-iáⁿ .
Evgenyya Olegovna Kanaeva

thumb|Evgenyya Olegovna Kanaeva

**Evgenyya Olegovna Kanaeva** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Евгения Олеговна Канаева, ) sī Lō͘-se-a ê ūn-lu̍t thé-chhau soán-chhiú. I sī 2008 nî Olympia Ūn-tōng-hoē ê lú-chú tang-lâng choân-hāng (*individual all-around*) kim-pâi.

## Liân-kiat

* Yevgeniya Kanayeva, *olympedia.org*

Lūi-pia̍t:Lō͘-se-a jîn-bu̍t
Ganna Volodymyrivna Bezsonova

**Ganna Volodymyrivna Bezsonova** (Ukrayina-gí: Ганна Володимирівна Безсонова) sī Ukrayina ê ūn-lu̍t thé-chhau soán-chhiú. I sī 2008 nî Olympia Ūn-tōng-hoē ê lú-chú tang-lâng choân-hāng (*individual all-around*) tông-pâi.

Lūi-pia̍t:1984 nî chhut-sì
Thé-chhau

**Thé-chhau** (體操; Eng: *gymnastics*) sī chi̍t khoán ūn-tōng, su-iàu thé-la̍t, jiû-nńg-sèng, bín-chia̍t-sèng, hia̍p-tiau, pêng-hêng, kap iu-ngá. Kok-chè Thé-chhau Liân-bêng (*Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique*) sī thé-chhau ūn-tōng ê kok-chè-sèng koán-lí chó͘-chit.


Lūi-pia̍t:Su-pò͘-chuh
Lūi-pia̍t:Sek-lāi ūn-tōng
Isabel 1-sè

**Isabel 1-sè** (Se-pan-gâ-gí: *Isabel I*; Galicia-gí: *Sabela I*) (1451 nî 4 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1504 nî 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Castilla kap León ê lú-ông. I-ê ang-sài sī Aragón ê Fernando 2-sè. In léng-tō ê ông-kok sī āu-lâi in-ê sun-á Carlos 1-sè thóng-it Se-pan-gâ ê ki-chhó͘.
Tāi-eng Phok-bu̍t-koán

**Tāi-eng Phok-bu̍t-koán** (Eng-gí: *British Museum*) sī London chi̍t keng1753 nî só͘ siat ê le̍k-sú kap bûn-hoà phok-bu̍t-koán, siu-chông lâi-chū thong-sè-kài ê bûn-bu̍t.
Im-ga̍k ê Siaⁿ-im (tiān-iáⁿ)

***Im-ga̍k ê Siaⁿ-im*** (*The Sound of Music*), Tâi-oân chāi-tē hoan-e̍k chò **Chin Siān Bí** (真善美), sī 1965 nî chhut-phín ê im-ga̍k tiān-iáⁿ, tō-ián sī Robert Wise; chú-kak sī Julie Andrews kap Christopher Plummer; koa sī Richard Rodgers kap Oscar Hammerstein II só͘ siá. Tiān-iáⁿ lāi-bīn ê koa āu-lâi chin chhut-miâ.
Julie Andrews

Dame **Julia Elizabeth Andrews**, DBE (1935 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Eng-lân chhut-sin ê tiān-iáⁿ kap hì-tâi ián-goân, ū tit koè Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy, BAFTA kap Academy téng chióng. I ián koè ê tiān-iáⁿ ū *Mary Poppins*, *[[The Sound of Music (tiān-iáⁿ)|The Sound of Music]]*, kap *The Princess Diaries* téng-téng.
Banff

**Banff** sī Canada Alberta Rocky soaⁿ-khu ê 1-ê siân-tìn, sī Banff Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g lāi-té chú-iàu ê koan-kong hiû-khé tiám.
Hân-kok-gí

**Hân-kok-gí** (), **Tiâu-sián-gí** (), sī Hân-bîn-cho̍k ê gí-giân. Hân-kok-lâng kā che hō chò U-li-mar(우리말), ì-sū sī "Lán ê ōe". Chú-iàu tī Tiâu-sián poàn-tó liû-thong, sī Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kap Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê koan-hong gí-giân, tī thong sè-kài ū tāi-io̍k 7800-bān ê sú-ēng-chiá. 

Hiān-tāi Hân-kok-gí ê su-siá hē-thóng sī Hân-kok bûn-jī Ko-lê-jī. Kó͘-chá teh ēng ê Hàn-jī tī hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng chin iú-hān.
ㄱ

**ㄱ** sī Hân-kok-gí bûn-jī Hangeul ê chi̍t-ê jī-bó, Lô-má-jī (Kok-gí Lô-má-jī Piáu-kì-hoat) ēng **g** kap **k** lâi piáu-sī.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ko-lê-jī
Kok-gí ê Lô-má-jī Piáu-kì-hoat

**Kok-gí ê Lô-má-jī Piáu-kì-hoat** (國語的羅馬字表記法), Hân-kok-oē sī  /  (Gugeoui Romaja Pyogibeop), pa̍t-miâ **Bûn-hoà Koan-kong-pō͘ 2000 Nî Sek**, sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok tùi Tiâu-sián-gí Lô-má-hoà ê 1 thò piau-chún, iû hit kok ê Bûn-hoà Thé-io̍k Koan-kong Pō͘ tī 2000 nî kong-pò. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok-gí
Ko-lê-jī

**Ko-lê-jī** (高麗字), tī Lâm-Hân kiò **Hangeul** (), tī Pak-tiâu-sián kiò **Chosŏn'gŭl** (, ) , chá-sî kiò-chò **gān-bûn** (諺文, ), sī hiān-tāi Tiâu-sián-gí (Hân-kok-gí) thong-ēng sī su-siá hong-sek, sī tùi 15 sè-kí Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu ê Sè-chong Tāi-ông kong-pò͘ ê Hùn-bîn Chèng-im hoat-tián kàu taⁿ.

## Le̍k-sú
Ko-lê-jī ê thui-kóng-chiá sī Sè-chong Tāi-ông, Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu ê tē-4 tāi kun-chú. Chi̍p-hiân-tiān (集賢殿), kap Sè-chong chò-hóe gián-kiù ê chi̍t pan ha̍k-chiá, sī it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi thâu chi̍t phoe khai-hoat kiam kái-liông Ko-lê-jī ê lâng.

Khai-hoat kè-ōe sī 1443 nî 12 goe̍h té he̍k-chiá 1444 nî 1 goe̍h sî goân-sêng--ê. 1446 nî ê sî-chūn, in chhut-pán *[[Hùn-bîn Chèng-im]]* (訓民正音) lâi kài-siāu chit thò bûn-jī. Tong-nî iáu ū chi̍t pún *[[Hùn-bîn Chèng-im Kái-lē]]*, î-it ê chho͘-pán chheh-pún sī 1940 nî chiah hō͘ ha̍k-chiá Jeon Hyeongpil hoat-kiàn--ê; lōe-iông sī tùi jī-bó siat-kè ê ké-soeh.

## Jī-bó lia̍t-toaⁿ
Hangeul ê "jī-bó" tī Tiâu-sián-gí tha̍k chò "jamo". Chia-ê jī-bó ē-tàng hun:

* 14-ê chú-im ( *jaeum*)
* 5-ê siang chú-im ( *ssang jaeum*)
* 10-ê bó-im ( *moeum*)
* 11-ê siang bó-im ( *ssang moeum*)

Leng-goā koh ū:
* 11-ê hok chú-im ( *bok jaeum*)

## Jī-bó ê cho͘-ha̍p
Chi̍t-ê im-chiat sī 2-ê í-siōng ê jī-bó lâi cho͘-siaⁿ, ū-ê sī chú-im **+** bó-im; ū-ê sī chú-im **+** bó-im **+** chú-im.  

Tī im-chiat thâu ê chú-im jī-bó kiò "chho͘-siaⁿ" (thâu siaⁿ); tiong-ng ê bó-im kiò "tiong-siaⁿ"; im-chiat boé ê chú-im kiò "chiong-siaⁿ" (boé siaⁿ).

Chho͘-siaⁿ chham tiong-siaⁿ tī siá jī sî ê cho͘-ha̍p ū 3-khoán hêng-sek:







 ga
&nbsp;
Tiong-siaⁿ tī chiàⁿ-pêng; chhō͘-siaⁿ tī tò-pêng, chia-ê tiong-siaⁿ ū: , , , , , , , , .






 go
&nbsp;
Chhō͘-siaⁿ tī téng-bīn; tiong-siaⁿ tī ē-kha, chia-ê tiong-siaⁿ ū: , , , , .






 gwa
&nbsp;
Chho͘-siaⁿ tī téng-tò-kak; tiong-siaⁿ tī ē-kha kap chiàⁿ-pêng, chia-ê tiong-siaⁿ ū: , , , , , , .



Lēng-goā chiong-siaⁿ it-lu̍t khèng siāng ē-kha: 



ㅂㅅㄷㄴ
ㄴㅅㅅㄱ





gan
gon
gwan



## Choán-siá hē-thóng

* Kok-gí Lô-má-jī Piáu-kì-hoat
* McCune–Reischauer
* Yale Lô-má-hoà
* ISO/TR 11941
* Kontsevich hē-thóng (Kyril jī)

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Ko-lê-jī
2010 nî Manila bá-suh kiap-chhî sū-kiāⁿ

**Manila bá-suh kiap-chhî sū-kiāⁿ** hoat-seng tī 2010 nî 8 goe̍h 23 ji̍t ê Hui-li̍p-pin siú-tō͘ Manila. Siū kiap ê jîn-chit sī 1-ki Hiong-káng lú-hêng-thoân ê lú-kheh kap niá-tūi lóng-chóng 23 lâng; kiap bá-suh ê chhèng-chhiú sī Hui-li̍p-pin chāi-tē ê chêng kéng-chhat Rolando Mendoza. 

Sū-kiāⁿ chō-sêng 8-ê jîn-chit kap chhèng-chhiú chū-sin sin-bông. Tāi-chì tī Hiong-káng chin siù tì-tāng, Hiong-káng ê Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu chèng-hú ūi sū-kiāⁿ kàng poàⁿ-kî ai-tō.
Achaemenes Tè-kok

**Achaemenes Tè-kok** sī thâu-chi̍t-ê Pho-su Tè-kok, nî-tāi tāi-iok tùi chêng 550 nî kàu chêng 330 nî. In siāng toā ê khòng-chè hoān-ûi hiòng tang kàu kin-á-ji̍t ê Pakistan kap Afghanistan; hiòng sai kàu Ai-ki̍p kap Hi-lia̍p, sī hit-tang-chūn siāng toā ê tè-kok.

## Ông-tiâu sè-hē

Achaemenes ông-tiâu thóng-tī-chiá sī tè-kok ê kiàn-li̍p-chiá Cyrus 2-sè khai-sí ê ông-ka sè-hē. In kā ka-tī ê hiat-iân tui-jī-iân-pūn kàu kó͘-chá ê hôa-cho̍k jîn-bu̍t Achaemenes.

## Kok-ông
* *[[Achaemenes]]*
* *[[Ariaramnes]]*
* *[[Arsames]]*
* Teispes
* Cyrus 1-sè
* Cambyses 1-sè
* Cyrus 2-sè
* Cambyses 2-sè
* Bardiya
* Darius 1-sè
* Xerxes 1-sè
* Artaxerxes 1-sè
* Xerxes 2-sè
* Sogdianus
* Darius 2-sè
* Artaxerxes 2-sè Mnemon
* Artaxerxes 3-sè Ochus
* Artaxerxes 4-sè Arses
* Darius 3-sè Codomannus
* Artaxerxes 5-sè Bessus

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Iran ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:A-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Khan ha̍k-īⁿ

**Khan ha̍k-īⁿ** sī chi̍t-ê bô-tì-ì-beh-thàn-chîⁿ ê kàu-io̍k cho͘-chit. I sī Salman Khan chhòng-pān kap hū-chek ūn-chok. Salman Khan siūⁿ beh hō͘ jīm-hô-lâng lóng ē-tàng ū ko-phín-chit ê kàu-io̍k, m̄-koán tī siáⁿ só͘-chāi. Chit ê ha̍k-īⁿ tī bāng-lō͘ téng-koân thê-kiong chhiau-koè 1,600-tè ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ. Lāi-té ū sò͘-ha̍k , kho-ha̍k kap keng-chè ê.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*
Tagalog-gí

**Tagalog-gí** (*Tagalog*) sī chi̍t khoán Lâm-tó gí-giân, tī Hui-li̍p-pin ū 2200 bān chó͘-iū ê chāi-tē sú-ēng-chiá. Hui-li̍p-pin ê koan-hong gí-giân Hui-li̍p-pin-gí, mā sī í Tagalog-gí chò chú-thé ê chi̍t khoán piau-chún-hoà gí-giân.

## Liân-kiat
Theda Bara

**Theda Bara** (1885 nî 7 goe̍h 29 ji̍t - 1955 nî 4 goe̍h 13 ji̍t), goân-miâ **Theodosia Burr Goodman**, sī Bí-kok ê bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ ián-goân, sī tē-it tāi tiān-iáⁿ bêng-seng chi it, ū ián koè 1917 nî ê *Cleopatra* téng chhut.

The Rose of Blood.jpg|*The Rose of Blood* (1917)
Cleopatra 2.jpg|*Cleopatra* (1917)
The Soul of Buddha.jpg|*The Soul of Buddha* (1918)
A Woman There Was.jpg|*A Woman There Was* (1919)
Theda Bara 1919.jpg|*The Siren's song* (1919)
Lô-mán-chú-gī

**Lô-mán-chú-gī** sī 18 sè-kí Au-chiu ê bûn-hoà ūn-tōng, sī tùi Khé-bông Sî-tāi su-sióng ê chi̍t chióng hoán-tōng. Lô-bān-chú-gī ê cheng-sîn chú-iàu thé-hiān tī bí-su̍t, im-ga̍k kap bûn-ha̍k; tùi le̍k-sú-ha̍k, kàu-io̍k, phok-bu̍t-ha̍k mā ū éng-hióng.
Antoni Gaudí

**Antoni Gaudí i Cornet** (Reus / Riudoms (Catalunya), 1852 nî 6 goe̍h 25 ji̍t 1926 nî - Barcelona, 6 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Catalunya Se-pan-gâ-lâng, i sī Catalunya-sek Hiān-tāi-chú-gī (phian Art nouveau hong-keh) ê kiàn-tio̍k-su, toā-hūn ê chok-phín khí tī Barcelona, Sagrada Família sī i-ê tāi-piáu-chok chi it.


File:Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.jpg|Sagrada Familia
File:Palau Güell 17-05-2009 12-26-16.JPG|Palau Güell
File:Casa Vicens (Barcelona) - 3.jpg|Casa Vicens
File:Capricho gaudi 201108.jpg|El Capricho
File:BCN-ParcGuell-4898.jpg|Parc Güell
Louis 16-sè

**Louis 16-sè** (*Louis XVI*, ) sī Hoat-kok kap Navarre tùi 1774 nî kàu 1791 nî ê kok-ông. I mā tī 1791 nî kàu 1792 nî chò kek-bēng sî-kî ê Hoat-kok-lâng ê kok-ông (*roi des Français*). Āu-lâi tī 1792 nî 8 goe̍h 10 ji̍t ê tōng-loān tiong Louis 16-sè hōng lia̍h tio̍h, 1793 nî hōng chhú sí-hêng.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge

**Samuel Taylor Coleridge** (1772 nî 10 goe̍h 21 ji̍t - 1834 nî 7 goe̍h 25 ji̍t) sī England ê si-jîn, England lōng-bān-chú-gī ê khí-thâu-chiá.

Lūi-pia̍t:Si-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
Sagrada Família

**Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família** it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **Sagrada Família**, sī Se-pan-gâ Barcelona ê chi̍t chō Thian-chú-kàu kiàn-tio̍k, goân siat-kè-chiá sī Antoni Gaudí. Sagrada Família tùi 1882 nî khí-chō, kàu hiān-sî iáu-bē oân-kang.

## Further reading
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Marie Antoinette

**Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna** (1755 nî 11 goe̍h 2 ji̍t - 1793 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Tang-kok lú-tāi-kong kiam Hoat-kok kap Navarre ông-hiō. Marie Antoinette ê ang-sài sī 1774 nî kè-sêng Hoat-kok ông-ūi ê Louis 16-sè. 1793 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t, in tī Hoat-kok Kek-bēng ê tōng-loān tiong hōng chhú sí-hêng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoat-kok ông-hiō
Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī jîn-bu̍t
Robert K. Merton

thumb|Robert K. Merton (1965)
**Robert King Merton** () sī Bí-kok ê siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka. I só͘ hoat-tián ê kài-liām ū chū-ngó͘ si̍t-hiān ū-giân (*self-fulfilling prophecy*) téng-téng. Keng-chè-ha̍k-ka Robert C. Merton sī i ê hāu-seⁿ.
Ko-hiông Chheng-chin-sī

**Ko-hiông Chheng-chin-sī** sī 1949 nî tùi Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú lâi Tâi-oân ê bo̍k-su-lîm tī Ko-hiông-chhī só͘ khí-chō ê chheng-chin-sī, hiān-chāi siat tī Lêng-ngá-khu ê Kiàn-kun-lō͘ téng.

## Liân-kiat
* Báng-ia̍h 

Lūi-pia̍t:Gō͘-tè-chhù (Lêng-ngá-khu)
Ko-hiông Sîn-siā

**Ko-hiông Sîn-siā** (Hàn-jī: 高雄神社; Lô-má-jī: *Takao-zinzya*) sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân ê 1-chō sîn-siā, siat tī Ko-hiông-chiu Ko-hiông-chhī Kotobuki-tyo, Siū-san poàⁿ soaⁿ-io.

## Chè-sîn
Ko-hiông Sîn-siā ê siā-kè (社格) sī koān-siā (県社); chè-sîn (祭神) sī Yosihisa Chhin-ông (能久親王), Tāi-bu̍t-chú miā (大物主命), kap Sutoku Thian-hông (崇徳天皇).

## Le̍k-sú
1912 nî 2 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, Ji̍t-pún-lâng tī Siū-san soaⁿ-kha kiàn-li̍p Táⁿ-káu Kotohira (金刀比羅) Sîn-siā. 1920 nî, chin-ka chè-sîn Yosihisa Chhin-ông, kái miâ Táⁿ-káu Sîn-siā. Hit nî ê 12 goe̍h, koh kái miâ chò Ko-hiông Sîn-siā. 1928 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t, sîn-siā poaⁿ khí Siū-san soaⁿ-io. 1932 nî 4 goe̍h 22 ji̍t, tit tio̍h koān-siā siā-kè.

Chiàn-āu, Ko-hiông Sîn-siā hō͘ Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú kái chò "tiong-lia̍t-sû". Tī 1970 nî-tāi, chèng-hú kā sîn-siā chú-thé thiah-tû kái chò Tiong-kok-sek kiàn-tio̍k.
Tâi-oân sú-chêng sî-tāi

**Tâi-oân sú-chêng sî-tāi** sī Tâi-oân hōng si̍t-bîn í-chêng ê le̍k-sú sî-kî. Hiān-sî khó-kó͘ hoat-hiān tiong, siāng kó͘ ê sú-chêng bûn-hoà sī Tâi-tang-koān ê Tiông-pin bûn-hoà (50,000 kàu 5000 nî-chêng); lēng-goā tī Tâi-lâm-chhī Chó-tìn-khu mā ū hoat-hiān "Chó͘-tìn-lâng" (30,000 kàu 20,000 nî-chêng) ê hoà-chio̍h.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú
Tiziiwa Suketarô

**Tiziiwa Suketarô** (Ji̍t-gí: 千々岩 助太郎; 1987 nî - 1991 nî) sī Ji̍t-pún ê kiàn-tio̍k-su kiam ha̍k-chiá, i tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân chò kà-ha̍k, tùi Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê thoân-thóng kiàn-tio̍k chin ū gián-kiù.

## Liân-kiat
* 陳凱劭, 千千岩助太郎
Siū-san

**Siū-san** (壽山), ia̍h sī **Chhâ-soaⁿ** (柴山), sī Ko-hiông-chhī ê chi̍t lia̍p soaⁿ, koân-tō͘ ū 335 bí.

## Siong-koan
* Siū-san Kok-ka Chū-jiân Kong-hn̂g
Ná-a Hong-chiu

**Ná-a Hong-chiu**, ia̍h sī kóng **Ná-a ê Toā-chûn**, sī Sèng-keng Chhòng-sè-kì lāi-té só͘ kì-chài ê 1-toā kò͘-sū. Loē-iông sī iú-koan Ná-a siū Siōng-tè ê chí-sī chō chûn, chham bó͘-kiáⁿ chò-hoé chhoā tōng-bu̍t tô koè Toā-hông-chúi ê tāi-chì. Kâng-khoán ê kò͘-sū tī Kó͘-lân-keng lāi-té mā ū.
Pritzker Chióng

**Pritzker Kiàn-tio̍k Chióng** bí nî chi̍t kái, choan-bûn sióng hō͘ tùi kiàn-tio̍k gē-su̍t ū te̍k-pia̍t châi-lêng kap kòng-hiàn ê kiàn-tio̍k-su. Chit-ê chióng sī Jay A. Pritzker tī 1979 nî chhòng-li̍p.

## Ti̍t-chióng-jîn
* 1979 nî: Philip Johnson (Bí-kok)
* 1980 nî: Luis Barragán (Mexico)
* 1981 nî: James Stirling (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)
* 1982 nî: Kevin Roche (Bí-kok)
* 1983 nî: Ieoh Ming Pei (Bí-kok)
* 1984 nî: Richard Meier (Bí-kok)
* 1985 nî: Hans Hollein (Tang-kok)
* 1986 nî: Gottfried Böhm (Tek-kok)
* 1987 nî: Kenzo Tange (Ji̍t-pún)
* 1988 nî: Gordon Bunshaft (Bí-kok) kap Oscar Niemeyer (Pa-se)
* 1989 nî: Frank Gehry (Canada)
* 1990 nî: Aldo Rossi (Italia)
* 1991 nî: Robert Venturi (Bí-kok)
* 1992 nî: Álvaro Siza (Phû-tô-gâ)
* 1993 nî: Fumihiko Maki (Ji̍t-pún)
* 1994 nî: Christian de Portzamparc (Hoat-kok)
* 1995 nî: Tadao Ando (Ji̍t-pún)
* 1996 nî: Rafael Moneo (Se-pan-gâ)
* 1997 nî: Sverre Fehn (Norge)
* 1998 nî: Renzo Piano (Italia)
* 1999 nî: Norman Foster (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)
* 2000 nî: Rem Koolhaas (Kē-tē-kok)
* 2001 nî: Jacques Herzog kap Pierre de Meuron (Sūi-se)
* 2002 nî: Glenn Murcutt (Australia)
* 2003 nî: Jørn Utzon (Dan-kok)
* 2004 nî: Zaha Hadid (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok/Iraq)
* 2005 nî: Thom Mayne (Bí-kok)
* 2006 nî: Paulo Mendes da Rocha (Pa-se)
* 2007 nî: Richard Rogers (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)
* 2008 nî: Jean Nouvel (Hoat-kok)
* 2009 nî: Peter Zumthor (Sui-se)
* 2010 nî: Kazuyo Sejima kap Ryue Nishizawa – SANAA (Ji̍t-pún)

## Liân-kiat

* Bāng-chām (Eng-gí)

Lūi-pia̍t:Chióng
Lūi-pia̍t:Kiàn-tio̍k
Herzog & de Meuron

**Herzog & de Meuron** sī 1978 nî tī Sūi-se chhòng-li̍p ê kiàn-tio̍k sū-bū-só͘, chhòng-kiàn-chiá sī **Jacques Herzog** (1950 nî 4 goe̍h 19 seⁿ) kap **Pierre de Meuron** (1950 nî 5 goe̍h 8 ji̍t seⁿ)

## Weblinks

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiàn-tio̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Pritzker Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
SANAA

**SANAA** sī Ji̍t-pún kiàn-tio̍k-su Sezima Kazuyo kap Nisizawa Ryue chhóng-li̍p ê kiàn-tio̍k sū-bū-só͘, chóng-pō͘ tī Tang-kiaⁿ.
Omotesandô

**Omotesandô** () sī 1920 nî Meizi Sîn-kiong chhòng-kiàn sî só͘ khai-siat ê toā-lō͘, mā chí hū-kīn ê chhī-ke.
Christian Dior (kong-si)

**Christian Dior SA** sī Hoat-kok ê kong-si, tī Pa-lí chhiūⁿ-chhī. Goân chhòng-li̍p-chiá sī Christian Dior.
Christian Dior

**Christian Dior** (1905 nî 1 goe̍h 21 ji̍t - 1957 nî 10 goe̍h 24 ji̍t) sī Hoat-kok ê sî-siōng siat-kè-su, i chhòng-li̍p liáu Christian Dior kong-si.

Dior sī Granville ê lâng, chè-chō-gia̍p ka-cho̍k chhut-sin.

## Chham-khó
*
Haute couture

**Haute couture** sī Hoat-gí "ko-sióng pâng-thīⁿ" ê ì-sù, chí choan-gia̍p ê hôa-chông chè-chō. Tī Hoat-kok, "haute couture" sī siū koán-lí ê chheng-hō.
Brigitte Helm

thumb|Brigitte Helm
**Brigitte Helm** () sī Tek-kok ê ián-goân, i tī 1927 n bô-siaⁿ tiān-iáⁿ Metropolis lāi-té ê ián-chhut chin ū-miâ.

## Liân-kiat

* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tek-kok ián-goân
William Blake

**William Blake** (1757 nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t - 1827 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Eng-kok ê si-jîn kiam oē-ka. I sī Lōng-bān-chú-gī ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t chi it.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti

**Dante Gabriel Rossetti** (1828 nî 5 goe̍h 12 ji̍t - 1882 nî 4 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Eng-tē ê si-jîn kiam oē-ka. I sī Chêng-raffaello-phài ê khí-thâu chi it; mā sī chi̍t-ê Ûi-bí-chú-gī ūn-tōng ê sian-hêng-chiá.
John Keats

**John Keats** (1795 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t - 1821 nî 2 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Eng-tē ê Lōng-bān-chú-gī si-jîn.
Arnold Schönberg

**Arnold Schönberg** (1874 nî 9 goe̍h 13 ji̍t - 1951 nî 7 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Tang-kok chhut-sin ê chok-khek-ka, ga̍k-lí-ga kiam oē-ka. I sī hui-tiāu-sèng im-ga̍k ê chhòng-tō-chiá; cha̍p-jī-im-kì-hoat ê hoat-tián-chiá. I tī Bí-kok hoat-tián ê sî-chūn kài sèⁿ chò **Schoenberg**.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok chok-khek-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī chok-khek-ka
Iû-oē

**Iû-chhái-oē**, ia̍h sī kóng **iû-chhái**, **iû-oē**, sī chi̍t-lūi koè-oē ê hong-sek, lī-iōng iû (chhan-chhiūⁿ á-moâ-jîn iû) chò kài-chit lâi chiūⁿ gân-liāu. "Iû-chhái" mā chí oē iû-oē só͘ ēng ê gân-liāu.
Iû-chhái

**iû-chhái** sī gân-liāu lām iû, ēng-lâi oē iû-chhái-oē ê thô͘-liāu.

## Siong-koan
* Iû-chhat
Chhat-liāu

**Chhat-liāu** sī ūi-tio̍h pó-hō͘ ia̍h bí-hoà téng bo̍k-tek só͘ boah tī mi̍h-kiāⁿ téng-bīn ê châi-liāu. Chhan-chhiūⁿ iû-chhat, iû-chhái téng-téng.