open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Turkmen-gí

**Turkmen-gí** sī Turkmenistan ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Turkmenistan
Lūi-pia̍t:Türk gí-hē
Tajik-gí

**Tajik-gí** sī Tajikistan ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

* Azim Baizoyev, John Hayward: A beginner's guide to Tajiki. - 1. publ. - London [u. a.]: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. (includes a Tajiki-English Dictionary)
* Ido, S. (2005) *Tajik* 
* Korotow, M. (2004) *Tadschikisch Wort für Wort. Kauderwelsch* 
* Lazard, G. (1956) "Caractères distinctifs de la langue tadjik". *Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris*. 52. pp.&nbsp;117–186
* Lazard, G. "Le Persan". *Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum*. Wiesbaden. 1989.
* Windfuhr, G. (1987) in Comrie, B. (ed.) "Persian". *The World's Major Languages*. pp.&nbsp;523–546
* Perry, J. R. (2005) *A Tajik Persian Reference Grammar* (Boston : Brill) 
* Rastorgueva, V. (1963) *A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar* (Netherlands : Mouton) 
* Назарзода, С. – Сангинов, А. – Каримов, С. – Султон, М. Ҳ. (2008) *Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ (иборат аз ду ҷилд). [http://www.gazeta.tj/knigi/knigi_rar/kitob_j_1.pdf Ҷилди I. А – Н.] [http://www.gazeta.tj/knigi/knigi_rar/kitob_j_2.pdf Ҷилди II. О – Я.]* (Душанбе).
* Khojayori, Nasrullo, and Mikael Thompson. *Tajiki Reference Grammar for Beginners*. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP, 2009. 
* Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." *The Iranian Languages*. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 
* Windfuhr, Gernot. Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study. De Gruyter, 1979. Trends in Linguistics. State-Of-The-Art Reports. 
* Marashi, Mehdi, and Mohammad Ali Jazayery. Persian Studies in North America: Studies in Honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery. Bethesda, MD: Iran, 1994. 

## Iân-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* 
* John Perry. TAJIK ii. TAJIK PERSIAN (Encyclopædia Iranica)
* Bahriddin Aliev and Aya Okawa. TAJIK iii. COLLOQUIAL TAJIKI IN COMPARISON WITH PERSIAN OF IRAN (Encyclopædia Iranica)

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* Tajiki Cyrillic to Persian alphabet converter
* A Worldwide Community for Tajiks
* Tajik Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
* BBC news in Tajik
* English-Tajik-Russian Dictionary
* Free Online Tajik Dictionary
* Welcome to Tajikistan
*  Численность населения Республики Таджикистан на 1 января 2015 года. Сообщение Агентства по статистике при Президенте Республики Таджикистан
* намоишгоҳи "Китоби Душанбе". A news clip about a Dushanbe book exhibition, with examples of various members of the public speaking Tajiki.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tajikistan
Lūi-pia̍t:Se Iran gú-giân
Pashto-gí

**Pashto-gí** sī Afghanistan ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Afghanistan
Lūi-pia̍t:Iran gú-giân
Azerbaijan-gí

**Azerbaijan-gí** sī Azerbaijan ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Tsù-sik

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 
* 
* 
*  
* 

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* A blog on Azerbaijani language resources and translations
* A blog about the Azerbaijani language and lessons 
* azeri.org, Azerbaijani literature and English translations.
* Online bidirectional Azerbaijani-English Dictionary  [broken as of 2022]
* Learn Azerbaijani  at learn101.org.
* Pre-Islamic roots
* Azerbaijan-Turkish language in Iran by Ahmad Kasravi.
* including sound file.
* Azerbaijani<>Turkish dictionary (Pamukkale University)
* Azerbaijan Language with Audio 
* Azerbaijani thematic vocabulary
* AzConvert, an open source Azerbaijani transliteration program.
* Azerbaijani Alphabet and Language in Transition, the entire issue of *Azerbaijan International*, Spring 2000 (8.1) at azer.com.
** Editorial
** Chart: Four Alphabet Changes in Azerbaijan in the 20th century
** Chart: Changes in the Four Azerbaijan Alphabet Sequence in the 20th century
** Baku’s Institute of Manuscripts: Early Alphabets in Azerbaijan

Lūi-pia̍t:Azerbaijan
Lūi-pia̍t:Azerbaijan-gú
Abkhaz-gí

**Abkhaz-gí** sī Abkhazia ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

## Su-siá hē-thóng

### Kiril bûn-jī

### Lating bûn-jī

### Unicode
The Latin alphabet in Abkhaz is currently not in Unicode. Its inclusion was proposed in 2011. See also:http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11360-soviet-latin.pdf

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

* Chirikba, V. A. (1996) *A Dictionary of Common Abkhaz*. Leiden.
* Chirikba, V. A. (2003) "Abkhaz". *Languages of the World/Materials* 119. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
* Hewitt, B. George (2010) *Abkhaz: A Comprehensive Self Tutor* Muenchen, Lincom Europa 
* Hewitt, B. George (1979) *Abkhaz: A descriptive Grammar*. Amsterdam: North Holland.
* Hewitt, B. George (1989) Abkhaz. In John Greppin (ed.), *The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus* Vol. 2. Caravan Books, New York. 39–88.
* Vaux, Bert and Zihni Psiypa (1997) "The Cwyzhy Dialect of Abkhaz". *Harvard Working Papers in Linguistics* 6, Susumu Kuno, Bert Vaux, and Steve Peter, eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Linguistics Department.

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (Московский военный округ)
* (Zaporizhzhia tsèn-ı̽k/Battle of Zaporizhzhia)
* (Hun-tsi tôo/Cladogram)
* (Australasian lâm-kı̽k khó-tsa-tuī/Australasian Antarctic Expedition)
* (sok-siá/Abbreviation)

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* Introduction, basic phrases and grammar and texts
* Abkhaz alphabet and pronunciation (Omniglot)
* Abkhaz at Language Museum
* Example of Abkhaz language
* Abkhaz-Russian On-Line Dictionary
* Ancient Adyghe Abkhaz–Abaza Ubykh alphabet 
* Abkhaz basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
* Abkhaz text corpus
* Recordings of Abkhaz
* World Atlas of Language Structures information on Abkhaz

Lūi-pia̍t:Abkhazia
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Armenia-gí

**Armenia-gí** sī Armenia ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Siong-koan
* Armenia-jī

Lūi-pia̍t:Armenia
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-Au gí-hē
Luxembourg-gí

**Luxembourg-gí** sī Luxembourg ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Luxembourg
Lūi-pia̍t:German gí-cho̍k
Romansh-gí

**Romansh-gí** sī Sūi-se ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-se
Lūi-pia̍t:Roman gí-cho̍k
Belarus-gí

**Belarus-gí** sī Belarus ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Belarus
Lūi-pia̍t:Slav gú-cho̍k
Latvia-gí

**Latvia-gí** sī Latvia ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Pó͘-gí (póo-gí; eng-gí: complement (linguistics))

Lūi-pia̍t:Latvia
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-Au gí-hē
Lietuva-gí

**Lietuva-gí** (liétubah-gí) sī Lietuva ê koan-hong gí-giân, iā sī Au-chiu Liân-bêng ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân chi-it. Tī Lietuva kok-lāi, tāi-iok ū 2 pah 80 bān Lietuva-gí ê bó-gí jîn-kháu; tī kî-thaⁿ tē-khu, tāi-iok koh-ū lēng-gōa 20 bān ê bó-gí jîn-kháu.

Nā ēng gí-giân hun-lūi ê kak-tō͘ lâi khòaⁿ Lietuva-gí, i khah chiap-kīn hù-kīn ê Latvia-gí. Su-siá hē-thóng hong-bīn, sī ēng la-teng-jī lâi siá. It-poaⁿ gí-giân-ha̍k ê gián-kiú kap hun-sek jīn-ûi, tī Ìn-Au gí-hē lāi-té, Lietuva-gí sī bo̍k-chêng siōng-kài kó͘-chá ê gí-giân, iû-goân pó-liû Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí ê te̍k-sek.

## Le̍k-sú

Hām kî-thaⁿ Ìn-Au Gí-hē lāi-té ê gí-giân lâi pí-kàu, Lietuva-gí kap Hoân-gí, iā sī Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p-gí kāng-khoán, siong-tùi sī pó-chhî tio̍h khah oân-chéng ê gí-im kap bûn-hoat kiat-kò͘, ū khah bêng-hián ê goân-chá gí-giân te̍k-sek. Sui-jiân Lietuva-gí ê bûn-pún, chit-chūn ē-tàng khòaⁿ tio̍h ê, ke̍k-ke chhōe ū kàu se-goân 1500 nî chó-iū ê chu-liāu niâ, m̄-koh in-ūi ū hia-ê siong-tùi oân-chéng ê gí-hoat te̍k-sek, iû-goân sī gián-kiú Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí ê tiōng-iàu chham-khó kap ki-chhó͘.

Chi̍t-kóa choan-bûn gián-kiú Lietuva-gí ê gí-giân choan-ka chhin-chhiūⁿ Franz Bopp, August Schleicher, Adalbert Bezzenberger, Louis Hjelmslev, Ferdinand de Saussure, Winfred P. Lehmann and Vladimir Toporov téng-téng.

## Gí-giân Tē-khu
Lietuva-gí chú-iàu ê sú-iōng tē-khu tī Lietuva. Kî-thaⁿ chhiūⁿ Belarus, Latvia, Pho-lân kok-lāi, kap Lō͘-se-a ê Kaliningrad Chiu chit-má mā-ū Lietuva-gí ê sú-iōng jîn-kháu.

## Su-siá
Lietuva-gí ē su-siá hē-thóng sú-iōng ki-pún ê La-teng jī-bó chi-gōa, koh ka-siōng Phiat-im hû-hō. Chóng-kiōng ū 32 ê jī-bó. Su-siá ê sî-chūn, koàn-sì kah y siá tī į (į im sī i ê im ka-siōng phîⁿ-im) ê āu-piah, in-ūi nn̄g ê jī-bó lóng sī tāi-piáu tn̂g-bó-im [iː] ê im.

## Chuù-kái

## Chham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 
* 
* Leonardas Dambriūnas, Antanas Klimas, William R. Schmalstieg, *Beginner's Lithuanian*, Hippocrene Books, 1999, . Older editions (copyright 1966) called "Introduction to modern Lithuanian".
* Remys, Edmund, *Review of Modern Lithuanian Grammar*, Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, Chicago, 2nd revised edition, 2003.
*
* Zigmas Zinkevičius, "Lietuvių kalbos istorija" ("History of Lithuanian Language") Vol.1, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1984, .
* Remys, Edmund, *General distinguishing features of various Indo-European languages and their relationship to Lithuanian*, Indogermanische Forschungen, Berlin, New York, 2007.
* 

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

*Baltic Online (part of Early Indo-European Online)&nbsp;– Lithuanian and Old Lithuanian grammar
*Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian
*The Historical Grammar of Lithuanian language
*2005 analysis of Indo-European linguistic relationships
* Lithuanian verbs training
* Lithuanian verbs test
* Encyclopaedia Britannica – Lithuanian language
* glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammars online, an online collection of introductory videos to Ancient Indo-European languages produced by the University of Göttingen
	

Lūi-pia̍t:Lietuva
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-Au gí-hē
Albania-gí

**Albania-gí** (Shqip) sī Albania ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Albania
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-Au gí-hē
Macedonia-gí

**Macedonia-gí** sī Pak Macedonia ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pak Macedonia
Lūi-pia̍t:Slav gú-cho̍k
Slovene-gí

**Slovene-gí** ("Su-ló͘-bìn-gí") sī Slovenia ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Le̍k-sú
### Kīn-sî
19 sè-kí Lô-mán bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī (*Romantic nationalism*) khí-heng ê sî-chūn, bûn-hòa ūn-tōng Illyria-chú-gī kap Thong-Slav-chú-gī (*Pan-Slavism*) sî-kiâⁿ tùi Serb-Croat-gí, te̍k-pia̍t sī Croatia kok khoán khiuⁿ-kháu, koh kiam Czech-gí chioh jī-sû, lâi thè-ōaⁿ khah-chá Tek-gí ê éng-hióng. Che tang-tiong ū Fran Levstik kap Josip Jurčič téng-téng chok-ka. Josip Jurčič tī 1866 nî siá liáu thâu chi̍t pún Slovene-gí ê siáu-soat. 19 sè-kí bóe, thâu chi̍t tāi ê hiān-tāi-phài Slovene chok-ka, chhin-chhiūⁿ Ivan Cankar, soah koh hi-bāng khoe-ho̍k koh khah tân-sûn ê giân-gí, bô ài hiah chē Serb-Croat-gí ê éng-hióng.

1920/30 nî-tāi Yugoslavia Ông-kok sî-kî, Serb-Croat ê éng-hhióng koh chè ka-kiông. Chóng-sī mā siū siàu-liân Slovene chok-ka ê hoán-khòng. 1945 nî āu, chin chē cha-chêng ū ēng ê Serb-Croat chioh-jī lóng hông pàng-sak. 

1920 chì 1941 nî kan Yugoslavia Ông-kok ê koan-hong giân-gí hō chò "Serb-Croat-Slovene-gí". Si̍t-bū-siōng Slovene-gí sī ēng tī Slovenia, hâm kàu-io̍k kap hêng-chèng ki-koan. Chē-chē kok-ka ki-koan kan-ta ēng Serb-Croat-gí, hit tang-chūn tī Slovenia kong-chiòng tiûⁿ-ha̍p to̍h kiâⁿ siang-gí. Kâng sî-tāi tī Slovenia se-pō͘, Italia thóng-tī-chiá si̍t-si Italia-hòa ê chèng-chhek, chêng 1923 kàu 1943 nî kan, chia ê tē-hng lóng hông kìm-chí tī kong-chiōng tiûⁿ-ha̍p ēng Slovene-gí. Koh lēng-gōa tī Carinthia lâm-pō͘ kóng Slovene-gí ê tē-hng, mā ū Tek-gí-hòa ê chèng-chhek.

Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Slovenia pìⁿ Yugoslavia Siā-hōe-chú-gī Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok ê chi̍t hūn. Tong-sî Slovene-gí sī siat chò liân-pang koan-hong giân-gí chi it. Tû-liáu kun-tūi í-gōa, Slovenia ê kong-chiòng tiûⁿ-ha̍p ē-tàng thong Slovene-gí.

1991 nî, Slovenia to̍k-li̍p, siat Slovene-gí chò koan-hong giân-gí.

## Chù-kái

## Chham-khó bûn-hiàn

*
*
*
* 
* 
* 

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Centre for Slovene as a Second/Foreign Language
* Slovenian Phonology

### Gí-hoat
* Slovene Grammar

### Gí-liāu-khò͘
* Slovenian National Corpus 600 M words corpus of Slovenian FidaPLUS
* 200 M words corpus of Slovenian Nova beseda

### Jī-tián
*  Standard Slovene Dictionary (SSKJ)
*  Comprehensive list of the Slovene dictionaries 
*  Spletni Slovar (Multilingual Ditionary)

Lūi-pia̍t:Slovenia
Lūi-pia̍t:Slav gú-cho̍k
Haiti-gí

**Haiti-gí** sī Haiti ê 1 khoán Creole giân-gú, mā sī Haiti ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Haiti
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Goā-hun-pì-choâⁿ

**Goā-hun-pì-choâⁿ** (Hàn: 外分泌泉; Eng: *exocrine gland*) sī thé-lāi ê choâⁿ-thé, hū-chek chè-chō hoà-ha̍k bu̍t-chit, pēng-chhiáⁿ kā chia-ê hoà-ha̍k bu̍t-chit hun-pì kàu siōng-phôe cho͘-chit piáu-bīn. Hān-soàⁿ, thò-e̍k-choâⁿ, jú-choâⁿ, lūi-choâⁿ, phôe-chi-choâⁿ kap liâm-e̍k sī kúi-nā ê chia̍p-khoàⁿ ê goā-hun-pì-choâⁿ.
Quechua-gí

**Quechua-gí** sī Perú, Bolivia kap Ecuador ê koan-hong gí-giân, mā sī Argentina ê tē-hng gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Peru
Lūi-pia̍t:Bolivia
Lūi-pia̍t:Ecuador
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Aymara-gí

**Aymara-gí** sī Perú kap Bolivia ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Chù-sik

## Chù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Peru
Lūi-pia̍t:Bolivia
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Guarani-gí

**Guarani-gí** sī Paraguay kap Bolivia ê koan-hong gí-giân, mā sī Argentina ê tē-hng gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Paraguay
Lūi-pia̍t:Bolivia
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Palau-gí

**Palau-gí** sī Palau ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Palau
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Hoeh-iû

**Hoeh-iû** (血油; *cholesterol*), he̍k-chiá **táⁿ-kò͘-sûn** (膽固醇), sī chi̍t chióng lūi-kò͘-sûn, hoà-ha̍k-sek siá chò C27H46O.
Marshall-gí

**Marshall-gí** sī Marshall Kûn-tó ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Marshall Kûn-tó
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Gilbert-gí

**Gilbert-gí**, ia̍h-sī kiò chò **Kiribat-gí**, sī Kiribati ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiribati
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Tok Pisin

**Tok Pisin** sī 1 khoán Eng-gí ê Creole giân-gú, mā sī Papua New Guinea ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Papua New Guinea
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Hiri Motu

**Hiri Motu** sī Papua New Guinea ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Papua New Guinea
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Samoa-gí

**Samoa-gí** sī Samoa kap Bí-kok Samoa ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Samoa
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Niue-gí

**Niue-gí** sī Niue ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it. Niue-gí in chú-iàu toà-tī Niue, Cook Kûn-tó tó kap Tonga, Polynesia. téng-kôan.

Lūi-pia̍t:Niue
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Hawaii-gí

**Hawaii-gí** sī Hawaii ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hawaiʻi
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Khiàm-hoeh

**Khiàm-hoeh** (欠血; *anemia*) sī hiat-e̍k lāi ê âng-hoeh-kiû ia̍h-sī hemoglobin sò͘-liōng hā-kàng ê chêng-hêng, iā-chiū-sī hiat-e̍k chah sng-sò͘ ê lêng-le̍k hā-kàng ê chêng-hêng.
Okinawa-gí

**Okinawa-gí** sī Ji̍t-pún Okinawa-koān ê chi̍t ê giân-gí, mā-sī Liû-kiû-gí lāi-bīn ê 1 khoán, chú-iàu tī Okinawa-tó lâm-pō͘ kap tiong-pō͘ thong-hêng.

Okinawa-gí mā-sī kó͘-chá Liû-kiû-kok ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Chù-kha

Lūi-pia̍t:Okinawa-koān
Liû-kiû-gí

**Liû-kiû-gí** (琉球語) ia̍h **Liû-khiû-gú**, sī tùi Liû-kiû Kûn-tó só͘-ū Liû-kiû bîn-cho̍k giân-gí ê chóng-chheng, pau-koat Okinawa-gí (沖縄語), Yaeyama-gí (八重山語), Miyako-gí (宮古語), Yonaguni-gí (与那国語), Kunigami-gí (国頭語), Pak Amami Ôsima-gí (北奄美大島語), Lâm Amami Ôsima-gí (南奄美大島語), Tokunosima-gí (徳之島語), Kikai-gí (喜界語), Okinoerabu-gí (沖永良部語) kap Yoron-gí (与論語).

Lūi-pia̍t:Liû-kiû
Lūi-pia̍t:Liû-kiû-gí
Okinawa hoán-hoân

**Okinawa hoán-hoân** (沖繩返還) sī Bí-kok tī 1972 nî 5 goe̍h 14 ji̍t chiong Okinawa (Liû-kiû) î-kau hō͘ Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Okinawa-koān
*Liû-kiû Bí-kok sî-tāi
Liû-kiû Bí-kok sî-tāi

**Liû-kiû Bí-kok sî-tāi** tāi-piáu 1945 nî kàu 1972 nî Liû-kiû (Okinawa) hō͘ Bí-kok thóng-tī ê hit-tōaⁿ sî-kan.
Phû-tô-gâ léng Ò-mn̂g

**Phû-tô-gâ léng Ò-mn̂g** (葡萄牙領澳門, ) sī Ò-mn̂g tī 1557 nî kàu 1999 nî hō͘ Phû-tô-gâ thóng-tī ê sî-tāi.
Eng-kok léng Hiong-káng

**Eng-kok léng Hiong-káng** (英國領香港, ) sī Hiong-káng tī 1841 nî kàu 1997 nî hō͘ Eng-kok thóng-tī ê sî-tāi.
Mô͘-sè hoeh-kńg

**Mô͘-sè hoeh-kńg** (毛細血管; *capillary*), he̍k-chiá **bî-hoeh-kńg** (微血管), sī liân-chiap tōng-me̍h kap chēng-me̍h ê sè-tiâu hoeh-kńg.
Thé-sûn-khoân

**Thé-sûn-khoân** (體循環; Eng: *circulatory system*), he̍k-chiá **toā-sûn-khoân** (大循環), sī chó-sim-sek kap iū-sim-pâng tiong-kan ê sûn-khoân hē-thóng.

Tī chit-ê sûn-khoân lāi, ùi chó-sim-sek lī-khui ê tōng-me̍h-hoeh lâu keng-kòe tōng-me̍h, chiân-óng choân-sin ê mô͘-sè hoeh-kńg, jiân-āu chēng-me̍h-hoeh chiah keng-iû chēng-me̍h tńg-lâi kàu iū-sim-pâng.
Hì-sûn-khoân

**Hì-sûn-khoân** (肺循環; Eng: *pulmonary circulation*) sī tī iū-sim-sek kap chó-sim-pâng tiong-kan ê sûn-khoân hē-thóng.
Hiong-káng hoán-hoân

**Hiong-káng hoán-hoân** (香港返還) sī Eng-kok tī 1997 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chiong Hiong-káng î-kau hō͘ Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Eng-kok ê Hiong-káng
*Ò-mn̂g hoán-hoân
Ò-mn̂g hoán-hoân

**Ò-mn̂g hoán-hoân** (澳門返還), a̍h-sī **Ò-mn̂g chèng-khoân** **î-kau** sī Phû-tô-gâ tī 1999 nî 12 goe̍h 20 ji̍t chiong Ò-mn̂g î-kau hō͘ Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Phû-tô-gâ ê Ò-mn̂g
*Hiong-káng hoán-hoân
Me̍h-kńg-ha̍k

**Me̍h-kńg-ha̍k** (脈管學; Eng: *angiology*), he̍k-chiá **hoeh-kńg-ha̍k** (血管學), sī choan-bûn teh gián-kiù sûn-khoân hē-thóng siong-koan pēⁿ-chèng ê i-ha̍k kho-ha̍k; pau-hâm hoeh-kńg hē-thóng kap lîm-pa hē-thóng
Botswana pula

**Botswana pula** sī Botswana ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī BWP.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó
Chéng-liû

**Chéng-liû** (腫瘤; Eng: *tumor*) sī sè-pau ê ī-siông pēⁿ-piàn. Chit-khoán pēⁿ-piàn tì-sú pō͘-hūn sè-pau ê cheng-seng sit-khì khòng-chè. Chéng-liû it-poaⁿ ē-tàng khu-hun chò liông-sèng chéng-liû kap ok-sèng chéng-liû.
Liông-sèng chéng-liû

**Liông-sèng chéng-liû** (良性腫瘤) sī chi̍t chióng chéng-liû, hām ok-sèng chéng-liû khu-pia̍t. Liông-sèng chéng-liû ê cheng-seng sok-tō͘ khoaⁿ-bān, piáu-bīn khah kng-ku̍t.
Mozambique metical

**Mozambique metical** sī Mozambique ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī MZN.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Sierra Leone leone

**Sierra Leone leone** sī Sierra Leone ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī SLL.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k

**Ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k** (基礎醫學), sio̍k-î ki-chhó͘ ha̍k-kho, sī hiān-tāi i-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘. Ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k sī teh gián-kiù lâng ê sèⁿ-miā kap pēⁿ-chèng hiān-siōng ê pún-chit kap kui-lu̍t ê chū-jiân kho-ha̍k. Ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k pau-hâm í-hā kúi-ê ha̍k-kho: jîn-thé kái-phò-ha̍k, cho͘-chit-ha̍k, phoe-thai-ha̍k, seng-lí-ha̍k, seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k, bî-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k, kià-seng-thâng-ha̍k, bián-e̍k-ha̍k, pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k, pēⁿ-thài seng-lí-ha̍k, io̍h-lí-ha̍k, to̍k-sèng-ha̍k, hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k, sîn-keng kho-ha̍k kap liû-hêng-pēⁿ-ha̍k.

## Siong-koan
*Lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k
Lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k

**Lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k** (臨床醫學) sī kin-kì ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘ lâi chiam-tùi hoān-chiá ê būn-tê chìn-hêng chín-toàn kap tī-liâu ê i-ha̍k.

Lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k ê lōe-iông hui-siông kóng-hoàn, hun-lūi iā ū chē-chē khoán. It-poaⁿ ē khu-hun chò lāi-kho-ha̍k, goā-kho-ha̍k, hū-sán-kho-ha̍k, sió-jî-kho-ha̍k, cheng-sîn i-ha̍k, sîn-keng-kho-ha̍k, pì-jiō-kho-ha̍k, phôe-hu-kho-ha̍k, gán-kho-ha̍k, hīⁿ-phīⁿ-âu-kho-ha̍k, ho̍k-kiān-kho-ha̍k, bâ-chùi-kho-ha̍k, kut-kho-ha̍k, hòng-siā-kho-ha̍k, kip-chèng-kho-ha̍k téng-téng.

## Siong-koan
*Ki-chhó͘ i-ha̍k
Sotho-gí

**Sotho-gí** sī Lesotho ê Kok-gí kap Lâm-hui-kok ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Lesotho
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Malagasy-gí

**Malagasy-gí** sī Madagascar ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Madagascar
Lūi-pia̍t:Malay-Polynesia gú-giân
Nigeria naira

**Nigeria naira** sī Nigeria ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī ₦ ia̍h NGN.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Lāi-kho-ha̍k

**Lāi-kho-ha̍k** (內科學), kán-chheng **lāi-kho**, sī lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k ê chi̍t ê choan-kho, ē-sái kóng sī kî-thaⁿ lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k ê ki-chhó͘. Àn-chiàu bô-kāng ê khì-koan, lāi-kho koh ē-tàng hun chò kúi-nā ê chhù-choan-kho.
Pak Sotho-gí

**Pak Sotho-gí** sī Lâm-hui-kok ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm-hui-kok
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Venda-gí

**Venda-gí** sī Lâm-hui-kok kap Zimbabwe ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm-hui-kok
Lūi-pia̍t:Zimbabwe
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Xhosa-gí

**Xhosa-gí** sī Lâm-hui-kok kap Zimbabwe ê koan-hong gí-giân.

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm-hui-kok
Lūi-pia̍t:Zimbabwe
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Kirundi-gí

**Kirundi-gí** sī Burundi ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
*Heritrix
*WHOIS
*Alexa Internet
*Kiàⁿ-siòng bāng-chām (kiàñ-siòng bāng-tsām; eng-gí: Mirror site)

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* Online Kirundi/English dictionary, revised
* Free English-Kirundi Dictionary
* Free Kirundi selfstudy course
* Free Kirundi grammar study book
* PanAfrican L10n page on Kirundi... 

Lūi-pia̍t:Burundi
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Tigrinya-gí

**Tigrinya-gí** sī Eritrea kap Ethiopia ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eritrea
Lūi-pia̍t:Ethiopia
Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-A gí-hē
Tswana-gí

**Tswana-gí** sī Botswana, Lâm-hui-kok kap Zimbabwe ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Botswana
Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm-hui-kok
Lūi-pia̍t:Zimbabwe
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Swahili-gí

**Swahili-gí** sī Kenya, Tanzania kap Uganda ê koan-hong gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kenya
Lūi-pia̍t:Tanzania
Lūi-pia̍t:Uganda
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Rwanda-gí

**Rwanda-gí** (*Kinyarwanda*) sī Rwanda ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Rwanda
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Somali-gí

**Somali-gí** sī Somalia ê koan-hong gí-giân chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Somalia
Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-A gí-hē
Chechnya-gí

**Chechnya-gí** "(noxchiyn-gí; нохчийн мотт (noxçiyn mott_) sī Chechnya ê chi̍t ê giân-gí.

## Chù-kái

## Chham-khó bûn-hiàn

*

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

*
*The Cyrillic and Latin Chechen alphabets
*The Chechen language | Noxchiin mott Wealth of linguistic information. (No longer active, some information is retained)
*Rferl North Caucasus Radio (also includes Avar and Adyghe)
*Russian–Chechen on-line dictionary 
*Chechen-Russian dictionary 
*Chechen basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
*Chechen Cyrillic - Latin converter
*ELAR archive of Chechen including the Cheberloi dialect
Newar-gí

**Newar-gí** sī Nî-pô-lô ê chi̍t ê giân-gí, sī Nî-pô-lô Mandala tē-hng Newar lâng ê chāi-tē giân-gí.
Punjab-gí

**Punjab-gí** sī A-chiu ê chi̍t ê giân-gí, sio̍k-î Ìn-tō͘ Aryan gí-ki, sī Lâm-a Punjab tē-khu ê chāi-tē giân-gí.
So͘-kat-lân Gael-gí

**So͘-kat-lân Gael-gí** (Gàidhlig) sī So͘-kat-lân ê chi̍t ê giân-gí. Pún gí sī Celt gí-cho̍k Gael-gí tī So͘-kat-lân ê chi̍t khoán, kap Ài-ní-lân-gí, Manx-gí beh-kâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:So͘-kat-lân
Yakut-gí

**Yakut-gí** ("яку́тский язы́к" (tsū-tshing— саха тыла); Iakut-gú, saha-gú) sī Sakha Kiōng-hô-kok ê chi̍t ê giân-gí.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

### Language-related
*Yakut Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
*Yakut thematic vocabulary lists
*http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Yakut.html
*
*Yakut texts with Russian translations in the Internet Archive – heroic poetry, fairy tales, legends, proverbs, etc.
*Sakhalyy suruk – Yakut Unicode fonts and Keyboard Layouts for PC
*Sakhatyla.ru – On-line Yakut–Russian, Russian–Yakut dictionary
*Yakut–English Dictionary 
*BGN/PCGN romanization tool for Yakut
*Sakha Open World  – MP3's of Sakha Radio

### Content in Yakut
*Sakha Open World – Орто Дойду  – A platform to promote the Yakut Language on the web; News, Lyrics, Music, Fonts, Forum, VideoNews (in Yakut, Unicode)
*Baayaga village website – news and stories about and by the people of Baayaga (in Yakut)
*Kyym.ru – site of Yakut newspaper
*НВК Саха (''NVK Sakha'') Yakut language news channel on YouTube

Lūi-pia̍t:Türk gí-hē
Hū-sán-kho-ha̍k

**Hū-sán-kho-ha̍k** (婦產科學) sī lîm-chhn̂g i-ha̍k ê chi̍t bûn choan-kho, choan-bûn teh gián-kiù cha-bó͘-lâng te̍k-iú ê pēⁿ-chèng, cha-bó͘ sèng-khì-koan siong-hāi, ia̍h-sī ū-sin kap seⁿ-kiáⁿ hong-bīn ê chín-liâu. Hū-sán-kho-ha̍k koh ē-tàng hun chò hū-kho-ha̍k kap sán-kho-ha̍k.
So͘-liân Kò͘-sêng Kiōng-hô-kok

**So͘-liân Kò͘-sêng Kiōng-hô-kok** () sī chí ka-ji̍p So͘-liân ê kò͘-sêng-kok.

1991 nî, So͘-liân pang-hoāi, só͘-ū So͘-liân ê kò͘-sêng kiōng-hô-kok to̍k-li̍p.

## Chú-iàu--ê Kò͘-sêng Kiōng-hô-kok
*Armenia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Azerbaijan Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Byelorussia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Estonia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Gruzia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Kazakh Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Kirghiz Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Latvia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Lietuva Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Moldavia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Lō͘-se-a Soviet Liân-pang Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Tajik Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Turkmen Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Ukraina Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
*Uzbek Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok
## Koh khoàⁿ
*To̍k-li̍p Kok-ka Cho͘-ha̍p
Lō͘-se-a Soviet Liân-pang Siā-hōe-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok

**Lō͘-se-a Soviet Liân-pang Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok** () sī So͘-liân ê chi̍t ê kò͘-sêng kiōng-hô-kok, siú-to͘ siat tī Moskva. So͘-liân pang-hoāi í-āu sī to̍k-li̍p ê Lō͘-se-a.
Hiu-khek

**Hiu-khek** (休克) sī chi̍t chióng kip-sèng ê chèng-hāu-kûn. Tī hiu-khek ê chōng-hóng hā, choân-sin ê ū-hāu hoeh liû-liōng kiám-chió, bî-sûn-khoân chhut-hiān chiòng-gāi, tì-sú tiōng-iàu ê sèⁿ-miā khì-koan khiàm-hoeh koh khiàm-ióng.
Giām-si

**Giām-si** (驗屍) sī thàu-kòe thiat-té kiám-cha si-thé lâi khak-tēng sí-bông goân-in kap hong-sek ê i-liâu thêng-sū. Giām-si ê khang-khòe thong-siông iû pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k-chiá ia̍h-sī hoat-i lâi chìn-hêng.

Tī kó͘-chá sî-tāi, hū-chek giām-si ê lâng hō-chò gō͘-choh.
Si-thé

**Si-thé** (屍體), he̍k-chiá **sin-si** (身屍), **sí-thé** (死體), sī tōng-bu̍t sí-bông liáu-āu só͘ ûi-liû ê iáu-bōe oân-choân hú-noā ê sin-khu.

Tī chong-kàu kap i-ha̍k léng-he̍k, ē kā si-thé hō-chò **tāi-thé** (大體).
Chúi-chéng

**Chúi-chéng** (水腫) sī jîn-thé phôe-hā khang-khiuⁿ in-ūi thé-e̍k ī-siông tui-chek só͘ chhut-hiān ê tiòng-toā chèng-thâu. Chō-sêng chit-khoán chèng-thâu ê chú-iàu goân-in sī hiat-e̍k ia̍h-sī lîm-pa sûn-khoân hôe-liû put-sūn, êng-ióng put-liông téng-téng.
Koat-iok-kin

**Koat-iok-kin** (括約筋) sī tōng-bu̍t thé-lāi ê chit-khoán khoân-hêng kin-bah. Koat-iok-kin chú-iàu hūn-pò͘ tī lâng ê kha-chhng-kháu, jiō-tō, phông-kong kap ūi ê phùn-bûn hām iu-bûn.
Phông-kong

**Phông-kong** (膀胱) sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t the̍h-lâi teh thú-chûn jiō-e̍k ê khì-koan, ū thú-chûn kap pâi-siat ê kong-lêng. Keng-kòe io-chí kòe-lī liáu-āu, hâm-iú tāi-siā sán-bu̍t ê thé-e̍k ē lâu ji̍p-khì phông-kong, hêng-sêng jiō-e̍k. Teh pàng-jiō ê sî-chūn, phông-kong piah ê kin-bah ē siu-sok, chhut-kháu só͘-chāi ê koat-iok-kin ē pàng-sang.
Moldavia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok

**Moldavia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok** (, Moldova-gí: ) sī So͘-liân ê chi̍t ê kò͘-sêng kiōng-hô-kok, siú-to͘ siat tī Kishinev (kin-á-ji̍t ê Chişinău). So͘-liân pang-hoāi í-āu sī to̍k-li̍p ê Moldova.
Kazakh Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok

**Kazakh Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok** () sī So͘-liân ê chi̍t ê kò͘-sêng kiōng-hô-kok, siú-to͘ siat tī Alma-Ata (kin-á-ji̍t ê Almaty). So͘-liân pang-hoāi í-āu sī to̍k-li̍p ê Kazakhstan.
Kong-bûn

**Kong-bûn** (), it-poaⁿ kóng **kha-chhng-kháu** (尻川口; Gî-lân-khiuⁿ Tâi-gí: kha-chhuiⁿ-kháu), sī ko-téng tōng-bu̍t siau-hoà hē-thóng siōng bóe-á ê pō͘-hūn. Kong-bûn sī ti̍t-tn̂g iân-sin chì thé-goā ê chhut-kháu, sái kap phùi mā sī ùi chia lī-khui jîn-thé.

## Chham-khó
Barbados dollar

**Barbados dollar** sī Barbados ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī BBD.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Barbados dollar
Jiō-tō

**Jiō-tō** (尿道; Eng: *urethra*) sī tōng-bu̍t thé-lāi ê khì-koan. I ùi phông-kong liân-thong kàu thé-goā, chú-iàu ê kong-lêng sī kā jiō-e̍k pâi-chhut thé-goā. Tī kang ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t thé-lāi, jiō-tō iáu-koh ū pâi-chhut cheng-chúi ê kong-lêng, só͘-í i mā sī chi̍t ê seⁿ-thoàⁿ khì-koan.
Dominica peso

**Dominica peso** sī Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī DOP.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Trinidad kap Tobago dollar

**Trinidad kap Tobago dollar** sī Trinidad kap Tobago ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī TTD.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Siâu

**Siâu** (潲) sī kang ê tōng-bu̍t ia̍h-sī cha-po͘-lâng teh siā-cheng ê sî-chūn, ùi lān-chiáu ê jiō-tō lāi siā chhut thé-goā ê pe̍h-sek e̍k-thé. Lēng-goā koh ū **cheng-chúi** (精水), **cheng-e̍k** (精液), **kut-chúi** (骨水) kap **sīn-chúi** (腎水) ê kóng-hoat.

Siâu hâm-iú cheng-chú kap chiân-li̍p-choâⁿ-e̍k, kî-tiong cheng-chú ē-tàng chham loán-sè-pau ha̍p chò siū-cheng-loán, ah chiân-li̍p-choâⁿ-e̍k thê-kiong cheng-chú oa̍h-tāng ê khoân-kéng, iân-tn̂g cheng-chú ê siū-miā.
Costa Rica colón

**Costa Rica colón** sī Costa Rica ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī CRC.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Costa Rica colón - Gîn-phiò
Bōng-siat

**Bōng-siat** (夢洩) sī tī khùn-bîn tiong chū-hoat ê sèng-ko-tiau hiān-siōng, bô-lūn cha-po͘ ia̍h cha-bó͘ lóng ū chit-khoán chêng-hêng.

Lēng-goā iáu ū **bōng-ûi** (夢遺) kap **tūi-cheng** (墜精) ê kóng-hoat.

Lūi-pia̍t:Siâu
Phah-chhiú-chhèng

**Phah-chhiú-chhèng** (拍手銃), he̍k-chiá **chhiú-bong-lāng** (手罔弄), sī chū-hêng chhì-kek seⁿ-si̍t-khì lâi tit-tio̍h sèng-khoài-kám ê sèng-hêng-ûi.
Chóng-soán-kí

**Chóng-soán-kí** sī chi̍t-ê chèng-tī ki-koan (pí-lūn gī-hōe) chha-put-to choân-pō͘ hōe-oân lóng ài têng-soán ê soán-kí.

Tû liáu chóng soán-kí, û-ê ki-koan mā an-pâi pō͘-hūn têng-soán ê kî-tiong soán-kí. Lēng-gōa ia̍h ū ūi pō͘-hūn gī-oân thè-ūi téng goân-in kí-hêng ê pó͘-soán.

Lūi-pia̍t:Soán-kí
Antiochia

**Antiochia** sī kó͘ Hi-lia̍p Lô-má ê siâⁿ-chhī, só͘-chāi óa tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Thó͘-ní-kî siâⁿ-chhī Antakya hū-kīn, mā sī *Antakya* ê hō-miâ lâi-goân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Thó͘-ní-kî
Lūi-pia̍t:A-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Bohemond 1-sè

**Bohemond 1-sè** (iok 1054 nî – 1111 nî 3 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) sī 1089 nî kàu 1111 nî kan ê Taranto Tāi-kong, mā sī kap 1098 nî kàu 1111 nî kan ê Antiochia Tāi-kong. I sī Tē-it-chhù Si̍p-jī-kun ê léng-tō-chiá.
Lāi-hun-pì-ha̍k

**Lāi-hun-pì-ha̍k** (內分泌學) sī teh gián-kiù ho͘-lú-bóng kap chhú-lí lāi-hun-pì hē-thóng sit-tiâu kap chèng-thâu ê i-ha̍k hun-iá.
Lāi-kho Choān-iàu

***Lāi-kho Choān-iàu*** (内科撰要 *naika senyô*), ia̍h sī kóng ***Se-soat Lāi-kho Choān-iàu*** (西説内科撰要), sī Ji̍t-pún Lân-hong-i Udagawa Gensin (宇田川玄真) tùi Johannes de Gorter ê lāi-kho-su *[[Gezuiverde geneeskonst]]* hoan-e̍k kòe Ji̍t-gí ê chok-phín. 1793 nî khai-sí khan-hêng, kàu 1810 nî choân 18 koàn goân-kiat. 

Pún chheh sī chin chē hiān-tāi Se-iûⁿ i-ha̍k ēng-gí Hàn-jī-gú hoan-e̍k ê khí-goân.

## Chù-kha

## Liân-kiat
* 增補重訂 内科撰要 巻一, 巻二, 巻三, 巻四, 巻五, 巻六
* 宇氏秘笈
Noā-choâⁿ

**Noā-choâⁿ** (瀾泉; Eng: *salivary gland*), he̍k-chiá **noā-e̍k-choâⁿ** (瀾液泉), sī chek-chui tōng-bu̍t ê chi̍t ê siau-hoà choâⁿ-thé. Lâng ê 3-toā noā-choâⁿ sī hīⁿ-ē-choâⁿ, go̍k-ē-choâⁿ kap chi̍h-ē-choâⁿ; in ē hun-pì chhùi-noā, keng-iû tō-kńg chìn-ji̍p chhùi-khang. Noā-choâⁿ ê hun-pì oa̍h-tāng sī chi̍t khoán sîn-keng hoán-siā, siū-tio̍h toā-náu phôe-chit kap chū-lu̍t sîn-keng hē-thóng ê tiâu-chiat.
Iwan Rheon

**Iwan Rheon** (Ui-le̍k-sū-gí ho͘-im: [ˈɪuan ˈr̥ɛɔn]; ) sī Ui-le̍k-sū ê ián-oân kiam im-ga̍k-ka. I pat tī HBO iáⁿ-chi̍p *[[Game of Thrones]]* ián chhut Ramsay Bolton kak-sek.
Lân-hong i-ha̍k

**Lân-hong i-ha̍k** (蘭方医学 *ranpôigaku*) sī Ji̍t-pún tùi 17 sè-kí khai-sí, keng-kòe Nagasaki Dezima (出島) ê Hô-lân siong-koán i-su su-ji̍p ê i-ha̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú
Iwanami Su-tiàm

**Tu-sek Hōe-siā Iwanami Su-tiàm** (株式会社岩波書店) sī Ji̍t-pún ê chhut-pán-siā. In-ê chhòng-gia̍p-chiá sī Iwanami Sigeo (岩波茂雄), tāi-seng sī Tang-kiaⁿ ê chi̍t keng kó͘-su-tiàm (kū-chheh-tiàm).
Papua New Guinea kina

**Papua New Guinea kina** sī Papua New Guinea ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī PGK.

## Hoē-lu̍t

## Chham-khó
Pitcairn Kûn-tó dollar

**Pitcairn Kûn-tó dollar** sī Pitcairn Kûn-tó ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī PND.

## Chham-khó
Sahrawi peseta

**Sahrawi peseta** sī Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī EHP.

## Chham-khó
Asikaga Yosiakira

**Asikaga Yosiakira** (足利 義詮, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 2 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1358 nî kàu 1367 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosimoti

**Asikaga Yosimoti** (足利 義持, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 4 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1394 nî kàu 1422 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosikazu

**Asikaga Yosikazu** (足利 義量, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 5 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1423 nî kàu 1425 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosinori

**Asikaga Yosinori** (足利 義教, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 6 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1429 nî kàu 1441 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosikatu

**Asikaga Yosikatu** (足利 義勝, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 7 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1441 nî kàu 1443 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yositane

**Asikaga Yositane** (足利 義稙, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 10 tāi chiong-kun.

I goân-miâ kiò chò **Asikaga Yosiki** (足利 義材), tī 1368 nî kàu 1394 nî tē 1 chhù chāi-jīm. 1508 nî, kái-miâ chò Asikaga Yositane, tē 2 chhù chò chiong-kun kàu 1521 nî ûi-chí.
Asikaga Yosizumi

**Asikaga Yosizumi** (足利 義澄, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 11 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1493 nî kàu 1508 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosiharu

**Asikaga Yosiharu** (足利 義晴, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 12 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1521 nî kàu 1546 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosimasa

**Asikaga Yosimasa** (足利 義政, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 8 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1449 nî kàu 1473 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosihisa

**Asikaga Yosihisa** (足利 義尚, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 9 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1473 nî kàu 1489 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yosihide

**Asikaga Yosihide** (足利 義栄, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 14 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1568 nî chāi-jīm.
Asikaga Yositeru

**Asikaga Yositeru** (足利 義輝, ) sī Ji̍t-pún Muromati bō͘-hú ê tē 3 tāi chiong-kun, tī 1546 nî kàu 1565 nî chāi-jīm.
Springfield

**Springfield** (chiàu-jī ì-sù: "chhun-thiⁿ chhân-iá") ū khó-lêng sī chí:

## Tē-hō-miâ
### Bí-kok
* Springfield, Arkansas
* Springfield, California
* Springfield, Colorado
* Springfield, Florida
* Springfield (Jacksonville)
* Springfield, Georgia
* Springfield, Idaho
* Springfield, Illinois
** Springfield to͘-hōe-khu, Illinois
* Springfield, LaPorte Kūn, Indiana
* Springfield, Posey Kūn, Indiana
* Springfield, Kentucky
* Springfield, Louisiana
* Springfield, Maine
* Springfield, Massachusetts, Bí-kok hō Springfield ê thâu chi̍t ūi.
** Springfield to͘-hōe-khu, Massachusetts
* Springfield, Michigan
* Springfield, Minnesota
* Springfield, Missouri, Bí-kok jîn-kháu siāng chē ê Springfield
** Springfield to͘-hōe-khu, Missouri
* Springfield, Nebraska
* Springfield, New Hampshire
* Springfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey
* Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey
* Springfield/Belmont, Newark, New Jersey
* Springfield, New York
* Springfield, Ohio
* Springfield, Oregon
* Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield, South Carolina
* Springfield, South Dakota
* Springfield, Tennessee
* Springfield, Texas
* Springfield, Vermont
** Springfield (CDP), Vermont
* Springfield, Virginia
* Springfield, Albemarle County, Virginia
* Springfield (Coatesville, Virginia)
* Springfield, Page County, Virginia
* Springfield, Westmoreland County, Virginia
* Springfield, West Virginia
* Springfield, Dane County, Wisconsin
* Springfield, Jackson County, Wisconsin
* Springfield, Marquette County, Wisconsin
* Springfield, St. Croix County, Wisconsin
* Springfield, Walworth County, Wisconsin
Chi̍t-bí-jĭn-hĭ

縮圖
**Chi̍t-bí-jĭn-hĭ** sī chin ū-miâ ê gín-á-kó͘, goân-té sī ū sîn-oē sèng-chit ê bîn-kan kò͘-sū, biô-siá hông khó͘-to̍k ê chú-kak lō͘-boé tit tio̍h tháu-pàng. 1697 nî Hans Christian Andersen siāng chá ēng Tan-be̍h-gí kā chéng-lí--chhut-lâi; soà--lo̍h.

Lūi-pia̍t:Gín-á-kó͘
Thoat-sng-hu̍t-thn̂g

**Thoat-sng-hu̍t-thn̂g** (Eng-gí: *deoxyribose* "te-ok-si-lái-bo-suh") sī chi̍t khoán tan-thn̂g, lí-sióng ê hòa-ha̍k-sek sī H−(C=O)−(CH2)−(CHOH)3−H In-ê hō-miâ ì-sù sī thoat-sng-sò͘ ê thn̂g, piáu-sī in-sī sit khí chi̍t-ê sng-sò͘ goân-chú ê hu̍t-thn̂g.
Lâm-sek

**Lâm-sek** (藍色), mā hō chò **nâ-sek**, nâⁿ-sek, sī khoàⁿ-ū-kng pho-tn̂g iok-liōng 420-490 nm hiah-ê sek-chúi Lâm-sek sī RGB hē-thóng 3 chióng chho͘-kip sek-chúi lāi-té ê 1 chióng. Lâm-sek khah àm--koá tō sī khóng-sek.

## Sek-tiāu piàn-hòa

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Sek-chhái
Goe̍h-pe̍h

**Goe̍h-pe̍h** (ge̍h-) sī chi̍t khoán óa tī pe̍h-sek kap lâm-sek chi kan ê sek-tī.

## Chham-khó
Web sek-chhái

**Web sek-chhái** sī bāng-ia̍h thang piáu-hiān ê sek-chhái, kiam sán-seng chia sek-chhái ê ki-su̍t. In ē-tàng keng-kòe RGB ia̍h sī cha̍p-la̍k-chìn (*hexadecimal*) keh-sek piáu-sī, ū-ê mā siat kong-tēng ê Eng-gí hō-miâ. Tang-tiong jīn-hô ê chi̍t khoán sek-chhái sī chiàu i-ê âng-sek ( #FF0000), chheⁿ-sek ( #008000) kap lâm-sek ( #0000FF) sêng-hun piáu-hiān chò 8-bit sò͘-jī, ta̍k sek to ēng 24-bit koat-tēng, lóng-chóng 16,777,216 khoán sek-tī thang chí-tēng.

## Hex sam-bé
Hex sam-bé (*hex triplet*) sī chi̍t chióng 6-ê sò͘-ūi, chiàm 3-ê byte ê cha̍p-la̍k-chìn hō-bé, sú-iōng tī HTML, CSS, SVG kek-sek téng chē khoán piáu-hiān sek-chhái ê tiān-náu èng-iōng. 3 tōaⁿ byte hun-pia̍t sī tāi-piáu âng-sek, chheⁿ-sek, kap lâm-sek tī sek-chhái lāi-bīn ê cho͘-sêng. Ta̍k-ê byte sī piáu-hiàn chò chi̍t cho͘ tùi 00 kàu FF (cha̍p-la̍k-chìn) chi kan ê sò͘-jī; nā ēng cha̍p-chìn lâi kì-siá chiō sī 0 kàu 255. Só͘-í 3 hāng sek-chhái cho͘-sêng ū kò-pia̍t 256 chióng piàn-tōng khó-lêng. Tī chit khoán 24-bit RGB hē-thóng ē-té, ē-tàng ū 2563 = 16,777,216 chióng sek-tī.

## Siong-koan
* X11 sek-chhái hō-miâ
Ò-tē-lī Tè-kok

**Ò-tē-lī Tè-kok** (Ò-tē-lī Tek-gí: *Kaiserthum Oesterreich*; sin sia-hoat: *Kaisertum Österreich*) sī Habsburg ông-ka tī Tiong-au keng-kòe soan-kò kiàn-li̍p ê tè-kok, in ū chi̍t chām sī Au-chiu siāng kiông ê sè-le̍k chi it.

1867 nî, keng-kòe pun khoân, piàn chò sī Ò-tē-lī Hông-gâ-lī ê kî-tiong chi̍t pêng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Hoat-lân-se Tè-kok

**Hoat-lân-se Tè-kok** ū khó-lêng sī chí:
* Tē-it Hoat-lân-se Tè-kok
* Tē-jī Hoat-lân-se Tè-kok
* Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok
* Francia
Bit

**Bit** sī tiān-náu kap sò͘-ūi thong-sìn chhái-ēng ê ki-pún chu-sìn tan-ūi. Chi̍t-ê bit thang hâm siang khoán sò͘-ta̍t ê kî-tiong chi̍t khoán, tùi-èng tī si̍t-thé ki-thâi ê siang khoán chōng-hóng. Chòe phó͘-thong ê khài-liām chiō sī ēng 0 kap 1 ê tùi-li̍p lâi piáu-ta̍t.

## Ēng-gí
*bit* chi̍t jī, sī Eng-gí tùi *binary digit* (ì-sù: jī-chìn sò͘-ūi) kán-lio̍k--lâi-ê. Tī chu-sìn lí-lūn, ū chi̍t-ê kap bit tùi-téng ê tan-ūi sī *shannon*.

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Bit Calculator – a tool providing conversions between bit, byte, kilobit, kilobyte, megabit, megabyte, gigabit, gigabyte
* BitXByteConverter  – a tool for computing file sizes, storage capacity, and digital information in various units
Thé-goā siū-cheng

**Thé-goā siū-cheng** (體外受精; Eng: *external fertilization*) sī cheng-chú hām loán-chú tī chhu-sèng seng-bu̍t-thé thé-goā kiat-ha̍p hêng-sêng phòe-ngó͘-chú ê siū-cheng hong-sek. Tī chit-khoán ê siū-cheng hong-sek hā, cheng-chú ē-tàng lī-iōng tī chúi-tiong ūn-tōng ê lêng-le̍k, siû khì hām loán-chú kiat-ha̍p.
Thé-goā jîn-kang siū-cheng

**Thé-goā jîn-kang siū-cheng** (體外人工受精; Eng: *in vitro fertilization*) sī kā cheng-chú kap loán-chú the̍h chhut-lâi, tī jîn-kang ê chhiau-chok hā chìn-hêng thé-goā siū-cheng, jiân-āu pôe-ióng chò phoe-thai, chiah koh kā phoe-thai khǹg tńg-khì chhu-sèng seng-bu̍t-thé ê thé-lāi. Che kui-ê kòe-têng chin-chiàⁿ tī chhì-giām-kńg lāi ê sî-kan kan-nā 2 kàu 6 kang.
David Rockefeller

**David Rockefeller** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê gîn-hâng-ka, Chase Bank ê choè-ko keng-êng chek-jīm-chiá (CEO). I mā sī Rockefeller ka-cho̍k tē 3 tāi.

2017 nî 3 goe̍h 20 ji̍t, tī New York ê Sleepy Hollow koè-sin.
Choè-ko keng-êng chek-jīm-chiá

**Choè-ko keng-êng chek-jīm-chiá** (最高經營責任者, , kám-siá: CEO), ia̍h sī kiò chò **choè-ko keng-êng-chiá**, **siú-se̍k chip-hêng-koan** (首席執行官) he̍k-chiá **chip-hêng-tiúⁿ** (執行長), sī Bí-kok loē hoat-jîn siong-koan ê lí-sū-hoē (hoat-jîn nā-sī hoē-siā, sī chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē) ê choè-ko chek-jīm-chiá.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*ia̍h-oân (hoē-siā)
*choè-ko chip-hêng chek-jīm-chiá (COO)
*choè-ko châi-bū chek-jīm-chiá (CFO)
*choè-ko chêng-pò chek-jīm-chiá (CIO)
*choè-ko ki-su̍t chek-jīm-chiá (CTO)
*choè-ko ti-sek chek-jīm-chiá (CKO)
WeChat

**WeChat** (Bî-sìn, ; Weixin) sī Tiong-kok Thêng-sìn tī 2011 nî khai-hoat ê chek-sî thong-sìn nńg-thé.
Sek-tiāu

Tī sek-chhái lí-lūn siōng, chi̍t chióng sek ê **sek-chhim** (eng. *shade*) sī hit sek thàu o͘-sek ê liōng, thang chin-ka chhim-tō͘; nā **sek-chhián** (*tint*) sī thàu pe̍h-sek ê liōng, thang chin-ka chhián-tō͘. Lēng-gōa koh ū **sek-tiāu** (*tone*) ê koan-liām, sǹg-sī sek-chhái kap phú-sek saⁿ-lām ê liōng, he̍k-chiá kong thàu o͘-sek kiam pe̍h-sek ê thêng-tō͘.

Kái-piàn chi̍t khoán sek thàu tiong-li̍p-sek (o͘/pe̍h/phú-sek) ê liōng, thang kái-piàn che sek-tī ê chroma ia̍h chhái-tō͘ (*colorfulness*), m̄-koh bē piàn-tōng i-ê sek-siòng (*hue*).
Shading

**Shading** ("sie-tìn") sī tùi 3D model ia̍h tiān-náu ōe-tô͘ piáu-hiàn bu̍t-thé sek-tī chhim-chhián sèng-chit ê chhù-lí. Chiam-tùi só͘ beh tián-hiān ê châi-chit, kng-sòaⁿ ê sèng-chit, ia̍h sī kî-tha sī-kak ê hāu-kó kap sek-tī ê an-pâi, ē sú-iōng bô-kâng ê shading hong-sek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sek-chhái
Bêng-tō͘

**Bêng-tō͘** (Eng-gí: *brightness*) sī sī-kak ê chi̍t khoán sèng-chit, sī koan-hē tio̍h lâi-goân tùi kng-sòaⁿ ê hoán-siā.
Hoán-siā

縮圖|Hoán-siā
**Hoán-siā** tī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k sī ì-sù pho-bīn (*wavefront*) tú tio̍h nn̄g khoán bô-kâng kài-chit sio chiap ê kài-bīn ê sî kái-piàn hong-hiòng ê hiān-siōng.
Cyber khióng-pò͘-chú-gī

**Cyber khióng-pò͘-chú-gī** (Eng-gí: *cyberterrorism* "sái-boh *") sī chí lī-ēng Internet si̍t-hêng po̍k-le̍k oa̍h-tāng gûi-hāi lâng an-choân lâi tit tio̍h chèng-tī hāu-kó ê hêng-tōng.
Tu-chú-chóng-hoē

**Tu-chú-chóng-hoē** (株主總會) sī tu-sek-hoē-siā chi̍t ê ki-koan, iû só͘-ū tu-chú cho͘-sêng, koat-tēng tu-sek-hoē-siā ê ki-pún hong-chiam kap tiōng-iàu sū-hāng.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē
*kàm-chhat-ia̍h-hoē
Dieselpunk

**Dieselpunk** ("dí-só-punk") sī chi̍t khoán kap "steampunk" beh-kâng ê gē-su̍t hêng-sek, ēng 1950 nî-tāi chó-iū "chhâi-iû" ki-su̍t chò chú-tê saⁿ-lām khong-sióng ê retro bī-lâi-chú-gī kiam hō͘-hiān-tāi chhòng-chok.

*Dieselpunk* chi̍t jī pún-sin sī 2001 nî iû-hì siat-kè-chiá Lewis Pollak hoat-bêng--ê, tong-sî sī chí *[[Children of the Sun]]* ê hong-keh.
Steampunk

**Steampunk** (óa-im: "su-tím-phánk") sī chi̍t lūi kho-ha̍k siáu-soat ia̍h kho-ha̍k khong-sióng chhòng-chok ê gē-su̍t hêng-sek, tián-hiān 19 sè-kí kang-gia̍p cheng-khì ki-koan ûi chú ê ki-su̍t pōe-kéng. Steampunk iuⁿ-sek ê chok-phín tiāⁿ sī chiàu Eng-kok ê Victoria sî-tāi ia̍h sī Bí-kok Se-po͘ chò pōe-kéng lâi hoat-tián--ê.

## Siong-koan
* Cyberpunk
* Dieselpunk
* Biopunk
Chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē

**Chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē** (取締役會; táng-sū-hōe (董事會); board of directors) ia̍h-sī kiò chò táng-sū-hoē, sī hoē-siā ê choè ko koán-lí ki-koan, iû kúi ê chhú-thè-ia̍h cho͘-sêng, tāi-piáu kiò chò táng-sū-tiúⁿ.

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (Andriy Biletsky)
Kàm-chhat-ia̍h-hoē

**Kàm-chhat-ia̍h-hoē** (監查役會) ia̍h-sī kiò chò kàm-sū-hoē, sī hoē-siā ê chi̍t ê ki-koan, iû kúi ê kàm-chhat-ia̍h cho͘-sêng, kàm-chhat hoē-siā ê koat-chhek.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*tu-chú-chóng-hoē
*chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē
Tu-chú

**Tu-chú** (株主), iū-koh kiò **Kó͘-tong** (股東), mā hō-chò tâu-chu-jîn, sī ū tu-sek-hoē-siā (kó͘-hūn kong-si) kó͘-tu ê tâu-chu-jîn.

Tu-chú it-poaⁿ ū koân-lī chham-ka tu-chú-chóng-hoē. Iu-sian-tu tī tu-chú-chóng-hoē bô tâu-phiò koân-lī. Hoē-siā ê chhú-thè-ia̍h kap chhú-thè-ia̍h-hoē iû tu-chú-chóng-hoē soán-kí sán-seng.

Tī kó͘-hūn kong-si tiong chhî-iú kó͘-hūn ê lâng, i-ê khoân-lī kap chek-jīm ē tī kong-si chiong-têng sè-chek tiong lia̍t-bêng. It-poaⁿ chêng-hóng hā, kó͘-tong ū khoân chhut-se̍k kó͘-tong tāi-hōe, pēng ū piáu-koat-khoân. Kong-si mā ē-tàng hoat-hêng bô tâu-phiò-khoân ê kó͘-hūn hō͘ kó͘-tong, it-poaⁿ hō-chò iu-sian-kó͘. Kó͘-tong mā ū-khó-lêng sī kî-thaⁿ ha̍p-chu keng-êng ê kang-siong khì-gia̍p ê tâu-chu-chiá. Kong-si ê si̍t-chè keng-êng-chiá sī iû kó͘-tong tāi-hōe só͘ soán chhut ê táng-sū cho͘-sêng táng-sū-hōe, iû táng-sū-hōe phèng-soán chhut keng-êng thoân-tūi, mā ū kó͘-tong ia̍h táng-sū jīm-iōng ka-kī chhin-cho̍k keng-êng ê ka-cho̍k khì-gia̍p.
Seⁿ-si̍t-khì

**Seⁿ-si̍t-khì** () sī ho̍k-cha̍p seng-bu̍t-thé sin-khu jīm-hô hām iú-sèng seⁿ-si̍t kap cho͘-sêng seⁿ-si̍t hē-thóng siong-koan ê cho͘-chit ia̍h-sī khì-koan.
Iú-sèng seⁿ-si̍t

**Iú-sèng seⁿ-si̍t** (有性生殖; Eng: *sexual reproduction*) sī seⁿ-si̍t ê chi̍t chióng lūi-pia̍t, tì-sú āu-tāi ê ki-in to-iūⁿ-hoà. I ū nn̄g ê chú-iàu ê kòe-têng. Tē-it pō͘ sī kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t, jiám-sek-thé ê sò͘-liōng ē kiám-poàⁿ. Tē-jī pō͘ sī siū-cheng, siang-hong ê phòe-ngó͘-chú kiat-ha̍p, khoe-ho̍k jiám-sek-thé goân-té ê sò͘-liōng. Tī kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t ê kòe-têng tiong, múi-chi̍t tùi jiám-sek-thé thong-siông lóng ē kau-chhe lâi chìn-hêng ûi-thoân-chú chài-tiâu-ha̍p ê tōng-chok.
Moá-goe̍h-îⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Moá-goe̍h-îⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (滿月圓國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī Sam-kiap-khu ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Bú-lêng Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Bú-lêng Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (武陵國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī Hô-pêng-khu ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Toā-soat-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Toā-soat-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (大雪山國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī Hô-pêng-khu ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Hūi-sun Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Hūi-sun Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (惠蓀國家森林遊樂區), he̍k-chiá **Hūi-sun Lîm-tiûⁿ** (惠蓀林場), sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Kok-li̍p Tiong-heng Tāi-ha̍k ê si̍t-giām-lîm.
Koan-bū Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Koan-bū Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (觀霧國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Sin-tek-koān Ngó͘-hong-hiong kap Biâu-le̍k-koān Thài-an-hiong kau-chiap só͘-chāi ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Tang-gán-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Tang-gán-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (東眼山國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Thô-hn̂g-chhī Ho̍k-heng-khu ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Ha̍p-hoan-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Ha̍p-hoan-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (合歡山國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Lâm-tâu-koān Jîn-ài-hiong kap Hoa-lian-koān Siù-lîm-hiong kau-chiap só͘-chāi ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Khe-thâu Chū-jiân Kàu-io̍k Hn̂g-khu

**Khe-thâu Chū-jiân Kàu-io̍k Hn̂g-khu** (溪頭自然教育園區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Lâm-tâu-koān Lo̍k-kok-hiong ê Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k ê si̍t-giām-lîm, chiân-sin sī **Khe-thâu Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (溪頭森林遊樂區).
A-lí-san Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**A-lí-san Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (阿里山國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Ka-gī-koān A-lí-san-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.

Lūi-pia̍t:A-lí-san
Têng-chi Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Têng-chi Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (藤枝國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Thô-goân-khu ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Siang-lâu Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Siang-lâu Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (雙流國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Pîn-tong-koān Sai-chú-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Khún-teng Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Khún-teng Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (墾丁國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Pîn-tong-koān Hêng-chhun-tìn ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Hiòng-iông Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Hiòng-iông Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (向陽國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Tâi-tang-koān Hái-sūi-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Bêng-tî Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Bêng-tî Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (明池國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Gî-lân-koān Tāi-tông-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Hue

**Hue** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Sek-siòng ê Eng-gí; lēng-gōa mā ū kán-tan chí sek-chhái ê ì-sù.
* Oa̍t-lâm siâⁿ-chhī Huế
* Hoe ê Tâi-Lô siá-hoat.
Sek-siòng

**Sek-siòng** (Eng-gí: *hue*) sī sek-chhái ê chú-iàu sèng-chit chi it, ki-su̍t siōng chiàu CIECAM02 model thang tēng-gī chò "chi̍t-ê chhì-khek kap âng-sek, le̍k-sek, lâm-sek, kap n̂g-sek ê cheng-chha thêng-tō͘".

Sek-siòng giâm-keh lâi kóng sī iú-chhái-sek (*chromatic color*) ê sèng-chit, nā bû-chhái-sek chhiūⁿ phú-sek, o͘-sek, kap pe̍h-sek sī bô sek-siòng--ê.

Tī Eng-gí, *hue* chi̍t jī mā thang chí te̍k-pia̍t bô lām tio̍h o͘-sek kap pe̍h-sek ê bó͘ chi̍t-ê sek-tī.

## Chham-khó

## Siong-koan
* Chhái-tō͘
* Bêng-tō͘
* Chhián-tō͘
* Chroma
Thài-pêng-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Thài-pêng-soaⁿ Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (太平山國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Gî-lân-koān Tāi-tông-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Tî-lâm Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Tî-lâm Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (池南國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Hoa-lian-koān Siù-lîm-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Hù-goân Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Hù-goân Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (富源國家森林遊樂區), he̍k-chiá **Ô͘-tia̍p-kok** (蝴蝶谷), sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Hoa-liân-koān Bān-êng-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Ti-pún Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu

**Ti-pún Kok-ka Sim-lîm Iû-lo̍k-khu** (知本國家森林遊樂區) sī ūi-tī Tâi-oân Tâi-tang-koān Pi-lâm-hiong ê kok-ka sim-lîm iû-lo̍k-khu.
Âng-o͘-chhiū

**Âng-o͘-chhiū** (Eng-gí: *red-black tree*) sī chi̍t khoán jī-hun so͘-sek-chhiū (*binary search tree*), te̍k-sek sī khài-liām siōng bí chi̍t chiat node hâm chi̍t-ê sek-tī ê sèng-chit, thang sī âng-sek he̍k-chiá o͘-sek siang khoán kî-tiong chi it. Lī-ēng tùi node sek-tī ê hàn-chè, ē-tàng hō͘ jīn-hô chi̍t tiâu kin-pō͘ (*root*) kòe hio̍h-pō͘ (*leaf*) ê lō͘-kèng mài chhiau-kòe pa̍t tiâu lō͘ ê siang pōe tn̂g, î-chhî chhiū tāi-khài ê pêng-kin hoat-tián.

## Sèng-chit

Âng-o͘-chhiū sī boán-chio̍k í-hā sèng-chit ê jī-hun so͘-sek-chhiū:

* Ta̍k-ê node sī âng-sek he̍k-chiá o͘-sek chi it.
* Kun-pō͘ sī o͘-sek--ê.
* Ta̍k-ê hio̍h-pō͘ (NIL) sī o͘-sek--ê.
* Nā bó͘ chi̍t-ê node sī âng-sek--ê, i-ê nn̄g-ê gín-á (chiap--chhut-lâi ê ē-chân) ài sī o͘-sek--ê.
* Bí chi̍t-ê node, bí chi̍t tiâu tùi hit-ê node thàng kàu chiap āu hio̍h-po͘ ê tan-sûn lō͘-kèng (*simple path*), in tang-tiong ê o͘-sek node sò͘-liōng sī sio-siâng--ê.

## Chham-khó
*
Sam-kàu

**Sam-kàu** (三教) sī Tang-a Bûn-hoà-khoan kok-ka tùi Jû-kàu, Hu̍t-kàu kap Tō-kàu ê ha̍p-chheng, mā ē-sái hō-chò **Jû-Sek-Tō** (儒釋道).