open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Machi

**Machi** (ū sî-chūn siá hàn-jī 麻吉) sī 1-ê Tâi-ôan kiam Tâi-Bí e hip hop thôan-thé. In thâu-tiuⁿ choan-chi̍p (mā hō·-chò *Machi*) tī 2003 nî 3 go̍eh 14 hoat-piáu. Tē 2 tiuⁿ, *Chapter two*, tī 2004 nî 7 go̍eh 20 chiūⁿ-chhī. Machi ê koa-sû iōng Hôa-gí, Tâi-gí, Eng-gí chhòng-chok. In ê miâ thiaⁿ--khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ "Môa-chî", tī liû-hêng bûn-hòa lāi-bīn mā ū "sí-tiong" ê ì-sù.

Machi ê thôan-ôan chú-iàu sī tiàm Bí-kok Los Angeles hit-tah-á tōa-hàn ê Hôa-jîn siàu-liân. Jeff (L.A. Boyz) sī Machi ê thâu-lâng.

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
*Warner Music ê siāu-kài-ia̍h (Hôa-gí).
Tē-kiû-hêng he̍k-chheⁿ

**Tē-kiû-hêng he̍k-chheⁿ** (), he̍k-chiá **gâm-chio̍h he̍k-chheⁿ** (rocky planet), sī he̍k-chheⁿ ê chi̍t-chióng.

Thài-iông-hē lāi-té ê Chúi-chheⁿ, Kim-chheⁿ, Tē-kiû kap Hoé-chheⁿ téng, lóng sio̍k tē-kiû-hêng he̍k-chheⁿ.

Pí-kàu khì-thé toā he̍k-chheⁿ.
WordPress

**WordPress** sī 1-ê bāng-chì chhut-pán hē-thóng. I ê nńg-thé gí-giân iōng PHP, chu-liāu-khò· iōng MySQL, sán-phín hí-khó-su iōng GNU General Public License (GPL), só·-í chāi lâng siu-kái kiam hun-hoat, mā bô siu chîⁿ. Khah sin pán ê WordPress ū ke kóa kong-lêng hō· i khah sêng 1 thò it-poaⁿ-sèng ê lōe-iông koán-lí hē-thóng (CMS); tû-liáu bāng-chì í-gōa, ôan-ná ē-sái iōng-lâi ho̍at-lo̍h kî-thaⁿ chhiâng-chāi keng-sin ê bāng-ia̍h lōe-iông. 

Movable Type (lēng-gōa 1 ê bāng-chì nńg-thé) tī 2004 nî khai-sí hān-chè nńg-thé ê sú-iōng tiâu-kiāⁿ, chū án-ne ū bē chió iōng-chiá kái-iōng WordPress. 

WordPress 2005 nî 12 goe̍h ê pán-pún sī 1.5.2, 2008-12-11 hoat-hêng 2.7 pán.

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
* WordPress koaⁿ-hong chām
* WordPress Codex: soat-bêng bûn-kiāⁿ ê wiki.
* WordPress Planet: bāng-chì lōe-iông chi̍p.
* Koaⁿ-hong ê WordPress Plugin Chi̍p

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-náu bāng-lō͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Nńg-thé
Lūi-pia̍t:Hi-gí siā-khu
World of Warcraft

***World of Warcraft*** (Hôa-gí: 魔獸世界; Mô·-siù Sè-kài) sī Blizzard Entertainment chhut-phín ê 1-ê MMORPG. Tī 2005 nî 11 go̍eh sī siōng-kài chē lâng ī ê MMORPG, chù-chheh ê hōe-ôan ū 450 bān lâng khah ke. 

## Chu-liāu-phìⁿ

* *World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade* — tē-1 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2007 nî 1 goe̍h 16 hoat-hêng
* *World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King* — tē-2 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2008 nî 11 goe̍h 13 hoat-hêng
* *World of Warcraft: Cataclysm* — tē-3 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2010 nî 12 goe̍h 7 ji̍t hoat-hêng
* *World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria* — tē-4 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2012 nî 9 goe̍h 25 hoat-hêng
* *World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor* — tē-5 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2014 nî 11 goe̍h 13 hoat-hêng
* *World of Warcraft: Legion* — tē-6 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2016 nî 8 goe̍h 30 hoat-hêng
* *World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth* — tē-7 tiuⁿ chu-liāu-phìⁿ, 2018 nî 8 goe̍h 14 hoat-hêng

Lūi-pia̍t:Nńg-thé
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-náu bāng-lō͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-náu iû-hì
Lūi-pia̍t:Blizzard Entertainment
Lūi-pia̍t:Hi-gí siā-khu
Sonar

**Sonar** (ùi Eng-gí "**so**und **n**avigation **a**nd **r**anging" lâi--ê) sī 1 chióng lī-iōng siaⁿ-im (*sound*) tī chúi--nih thoân-pò ê ki-su̍t, ēng lâi kiâⁿ-chûn (*navigation*) iah sī cheng-chhek pa̍t chiah chûn-chiah. Sonar ū chú-tōng kap pī-tōng 2 chióng. 

## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Sonar
2005 nî 12 goe̍h

__NOTOC__
## 12 goe̍h 22
Ùi Hubble Thài-khong Tiàu-kiàⁿ hip--tio̍h ê siòng-phìⁿ, chhoē tio̍h Thiⁿ-ông-chheⁿ koh ū 2 ê khoân kap 2 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ.
(AP/YahooNews, CNN, SpaceRef.com)

## 12 goe̍h 18
* Tek-kok Leipzig ê Michael Hofreiter chhoā-tūi sêng-kong kā khu̍t-chéng ê mammoth ê DNA kái--chhut-lâi. (BBC)

## 12 goe̍h 6
* WWF (*World Wildlife Fund*, Sè-kài Iá-seng-tōng-bu̍t Ki-kim-hoē) tī Borneo hip tio̍h 1 chióng  sin ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t. Chit chiah chhan-chhiūⁿ lemur ê chia̍h-bah tōng-bu̍t sio̍k tī Viverridae-kho, kap chang-sui-niau, káu-chat-niau khah sio oá. (BBC)

## 12 goe̍h 3
*Tâi-oân ê Kok-bîn-tóng tōa-iâⁿ kōan-chhī-tiúⁿ sóan-kí, lóng-chóng the̍h tio̍h 14 se̍k, pau-koah Tâi-pak-koān, Gî-lân-koān, Ka-gī-chhī, Lâm-tâu-koān, Chiong-hòa-koān.  Bîn-chìn-tóng kan-taⁿ iâⁿ 6 se̍k.  (Tiong-iong Sóan-kí Úi-ôan-hōe )

## 12 goe̍h 1
* Tang-kok Innsbruck Tāi-ha̍k ê Liōng-chú Kng-ha̍k kap Liōng-chú Chu-sìn Gián-kiù-só͘ sêng-kong chò-chhut ū 8 lia̍p liōng-chú ê liōng-chú-tîⁿ (*quantum entanglement*), ē-tit chiâⁿ-chò 1 ê qubyte (liōng-chú ūi-gôan-cho͘, *quantum byte*), iā tō sī 8 ê qubit (liōng-chú ūi-goân, *quantum bit*). Che sī beh chè-chō liōng-chú tiān-naú chin tiong-iàu ê 1 ê lō͘-chām-pi. (heise online, wikinews)
Poe-o͘

**Poe-o·** mā hō-chò **poe-hî**, **sió-o·** ia̍h-sī **iàn-chú-hî**. Sī chha-put-to 70-chióng hî-á ê chóng-miâ. Lóng-chóng hun-chò 7 kàu 9 ê sio̍k. Sī seng-o̍ah tī hái--ni̍h ê hî.

Poe-o· chú-iàu tī jia̍t-tài kap a-jia̍t-tài ê hái-iûⁿ lāi-té. In ê heng-ia̍t chin tōa phìⁿ, hō· in ē-tàng tī thiàu-chhut chúi-bīn liáu-āu, té-chiām poe--chi̍t-tè-á, lâi siám-phiah tùi-te̍k.

Ū chi̍t-kóa poe-o· ê pak-tó·-ia̍t mā chiâⁿ tōa phìⁿ, soah bē-su ū 4-ê si̍t.

Poe-o· sī Lân-sū gôan-chū-bîn Tao-cho̍k chú-iàu ê chia̍h-mi̍h, Ji̍t-pún mā ū tia̍t-pia̍t ēng chit-khóan hî-bah chò ê susi.
HIV

**HIV** (Eng-gí:  *Human Immunodeficiency Virus*, **Jîn-lūi Bián-e̍k Put-choân Pēⁿ-to̍k**) sī 1 khóan ē phò-hāi jîn-lūi bián-e̍k hē-thóng ê ge̍k-choán-lo̍k-pēⁿ-to̍k (*retrovirus*).  HIV kám-jiám ê bóe-kî chèng-hāu-kûn hō-chò AIDS-pēⁿ.
Torii Ryûzô

**Torii Ryûzô** (Hàn-jī: 鳥居龍藏) sī Ji̍t-pún 1-ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k kap khó-kó͘-ha̍k ê ha̍k-chiá. I tī 1870-nî 4-go̍eh 4-hō chhut-sì, 1953-nî 1-go̍eh 14 kòe-sin.

Torii Ryûzô sī Ji̍t-pún Tokusima-kōan (德島縣) lâng. I sui-jiân liân sió-ha̍k jī-nî tō tha̍k bô liáu, m̄-koh āu--lâi soah chiap-siū Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k jîn-lūi-ha̍k kàu-siū Tuboi Syôgorô (坪井正五郎) ê chí-tō, chiâⁿ-chò jîn-lūi-ha̍k-kho ê chō͘-chhiú.

I tī 1896 kàu 1900 chit-kúi-nî, lóng-chóng lâi Tâi-oân 4-chōa, chò goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê ha̍k-su̍t tiau-cha, chha-put-to kā Tâi-oân-tó kiâⁿ thàu-thàu, mā ū khì kàu Lân-sū, thè Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k ê jîn-lūi-ha̍k kap bîn-cho̍k-ha̍k hun-lūi kiàn-li̍p tiōng-iàu ê ki-chhó͘, mā lâu chin chē pó-kùi ê liap-iáⁿ kap bûn-jī chu-liāu.

1897-nî ê sî i hoat-hiān Tâi-pak Îⁿ-soaⁿ-á lê-thióng, ūi Tâi-oân ê khó-kó͘-ha̍k phah-khui 1-sìⁿ mn̂g. Aū--lâi i khì Tiong-kok se-lâm-pō͘ chò tiau-cha, mā kā Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn kap Tiong-kok se-lâm-pō͘ ê chió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k chò pí-kàu gián-kiù. 1900-nî liáu-āu, i koh chóan tùi Tang-pak-a, i tī Tang-a khó-kó͘-ha̍k kap jîn-lūi-ha̍k ê kòng-hiàn si̍t-chāi put-chí-á tōa.

Torii Ryûzô tī 1921-nî í *[[Boán-chiu]] kap [[Bông-kó͘]] ū [[Le̍k-sú]] Chìn-chêng* (滿蒙の有史以前) chit-phiⁿ lūn-bûn the̍h-tio̍h bûn-ha̍k phok-sū, tī Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chò chō͘-lí kàu-siū, bô-jōa-gú tō sî-chit, ka-tī sêng-li̍p **Torii Jîn-lūi-ha̍k Gián-kiù-sek** (鳥居人類學研究室). Āu--lâi koh chò-kòe Kok-ha̍k-īⁿ Tāi-ha̍k (國學院大學) kap Siōng-tì Tāi-ha̍k (上智大學) ê kàu-siū. 1939 kàu 1951-nî chit 12-tang, i mā sī Pak-kiaⁿ Iàn-keng Tāi-ha̍k (燕京大學) ê kheh-chō kàu-siū.

I ê tù-chok ū siu-lio̍k chò *Torii Ryûzô Choân-chi̍p*.
Sam-poe

**Sam-poe** sī chi̍t-chióng Tâi-ôan liāu-lí ê chhiú-lō͘, chú-chia̍h ê sî ē iōng-tio̍h chi̍t-poe moâ-iû, chi̍t-poe tāu-iû, chi̍t-poe bí-chiú, chiah ē hō-chò sam-poe. It-pōaⁿ sī iōng ke-bah a̍h-sī sió-kńg lâi chò sam-poe. Sam-poe tû-liáu môa-iû í-gōa, koh ài khǹg kiuⁿ, sòan-thâu kap káu-chàn-thah, khì-bī chiah-ē hó.
Té-pho hok-siā

**Té-pho hok-siā** (*shortwave radiation*) sī kí Ji̍t-thaû hòng-sàng--chhut-lâi ê 1 chióng hok-siā lêng-liōng (*[[:en:radiant energy|radiant energy]]*), pho-tn̂g liōng-iok-á sī 0.2 kaù 2 µm.  Tī kng-phó͘ (*optical spectrum*) lāi-té,  khoàⁿ-ū-kng (*visible spectrum*) kap lím chí-goā-soàⁿ (*ultraviolet*) ê kng-soàⁿ lóng chún-sǹg. 

Té-pho hok-siā sī siong-tùi tn̂g-pho hok-siā (*longwave radiation*) lâi kóng--ê.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* National Science Digital Library - Shortwave radiation 
* ''Measuring Solar Radiation: The Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS)'' . A lesson plan that deals with shortwave radiation from the SIRS instrument.
Μ

:*Lô-má-jī-bó [[M]] sī lēng-gōa 1-ê hû-hō.*
**Μ** (sió-siá **μ**, hō-chò **Mu**) sī pâi tē-12-ūi ê Hi-lia̍p jī-bó, seⁿ-chò chin sêng Lô-má-jī M. Che ôan-ná sī 1-ê Hi-lia̍p sò·-ba̍k-jī, piáu-sī "40" ê gia̍h.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hi-lia̍p jī-bó
Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi

**Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi** sī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka hun-lūi seng-bu̍t bu̍t-chéng ê hoat-tō·; hun-lūi ê tùi-siōng pau-koah iáu tī-teh kap í-keng khu̍t-chéng ê chéng. Hiān-tāi ê hun-lūi hē-thóng ki-pún-te̍k kin-kì Carolus Linnaeus ê hong-hoat. I kin-kì seng-bu̍t ê bu̍t-chit te̍k-sek kā in pun-chò bô kāng tīn. Āu--lâi ūi-beh hām Darwin ê chìn-hòa gôan-lí ū it-tì iū-koh bat siu-kái--kòe, kî-tiong hun-chú hong-bīn ê hun-sek-hoat te̍k-pia̍t ū éng-hióng-la̍t.
Tai-á-bí

**Tai-á-bí** mā hō-chò **káu-bú-tai**, **káu-boé-sé**, **káu-boé-tai**, **tì-á**, **sek-á** he̍k-chiá-sī **tai-á**, **te-á**, tī bîn-kan ū chē-chē khóan miâ teh kiò.

Khêng-si̍t tai-á-bí m̄-sī ko·-1-khóan si̍t-bu̍t, sè-kài ta̍k-só·-chāi iá-chéng--ê hām ū lâng chèng-choh--ê tai-á-bí sī chiâⁿ cha̍p-chhò--ê.

The̍h Tâi-oân chò lē, it-poaⁿ kóng ê tai-á-bí sī sio̍k-tī si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k Gramineae-kho ê 1-khóan it-liân-seng châng-á-lūi (chháu-pún) ê si̍t-bu̍t. 

Tai-á-bí sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn put-chí-á tiōng-iàu ê choh-bu̍t, m̄-nā sī tī phó·-thong-sî-á chú pn̄g chú bê lâi chia̍h, mā ēng lâi kek-chiú, chò bô-kâng ê sì-siù, tai-á-bí ê chháu-kut téng-téng koh thang ēng lâi chò cheng-siⁿ ê chhī-liāu.  Chit-chióng lông-chok-bu̍t lóng-sī chèng-tī m̄-bián kài su-iàu ak-chúi ta-sò ê hn̂g-nih.

Ti Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê chè-lé lāi-té, tai-á-bí-chiú sī tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài ū ê mi̍h.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
*Lông-niû-sú chu-liāu
Sè-kài Chū-jiân Ki-kim

**Sè-kài Chū-jiân Ki-kim** (, it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **WWF**) sī 1-ê kok-chè-sèng ê iá-seng-bu̍t pó-io̍k thôan-thé, pún-té hō-chò **Sè-kài Iá-seng-bu̍t Ki-kim** (*World Wildlife Fund*), 1986 nî liáu-āu kan-taⁿ chhun Pak Bí-chiu ū iōng kū miâ. WWF ê chóng-pì-su-chhù tiàm-tī Sūi-se Gland, lēng-gōa liōng-iok tī 60-ê kok-ka ū siat pān-sū-chhù. 1961 nî 9-go̍eh 11 sêng-li̍p, hoat-khí-jîn pau-koah seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka Julian Huxley, Kē-tē-kok ê ông-chú Bernhard, Max Nicholson téng-téng. WWF ê ang-á-phiau sī 1 chiah niau-hîm (*panda*).

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Koaⁿ-hong chām
Jia̍t-tài

**Jia̍t-tài** sī tē-lí-siōng ê 1-ê khu-he̍k. Chit-ê khu-he̍k tú-hó khûn tē-kiû 1-liàn. Jia̍t-tài ê tiong-soàⁿ tō-sī chhiah-tō, jia̍t-tài siōng-pak kàu Pak Hôe-kui-sòaⁿ, siōng-lâm sī í Lâm Hôe-kui-sòaⁿ chò kài-soàⁿ.

Chit-ê khu-he̍k chha-put-to tō tī pak-hūi 23°30'/23.5° kah lâm-úi 23°30'/23.5° chi-kan. Jia̍t-tài tī tē-lí-ha̍k kap khì-siōng-ha̍k lâi kóng, tō-sī 1-tang (1-ê thài-iông-liân) lāi-té, siōng-bô ē ū 1-pái, ji̍t-thâu sī í 90-tō͘ ti̍t-ti̍t chhiō tò lo̍h--lâi ê khu-he̍k.
N̂g Sìn-kài

**N̂g Sìn-kài** (黃信介; ), Tâi-oân chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, Tâi-pak Tōa-lōng-pōng chhut-sì. I bat chò koè Li̍p-hoat uì-oân, Kok-tāi tāi-piáu kap Bîn-chìn-tóng tóng-chú-se̍k.
O͘-hái-chúi

**O͘-hái-chúi** sī tī se-Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ê hái-lâu. O͘-hái-chúi tùi Tâi-oân tang hoāⁿ khí-kiâⁿ, lâu tùi tang-pak-hong, it-ti̍t lâu khì kàu Ji̍t-pún, hām lâu ǹg tang-pêng ê Pak-thài-pêng-iûⁿ Hái-lâu kap-chò-hóe. O͘-hái-chúi kap Tāi-se-iûⁿ ê Be̍k-se-ko Oan Hái-lâu chin sio-siâng, lóng-sī tùi lâm lâu ǹg pak, kā sio-joa̍h ê jia̍t-tài hái-chúi sàng khì khah pak-pêng ê khu-he̍k.

O͘-hái-lâu sio-jo̍ah ê hái-chúi hō͘ Ji̍t-pún sì-kho͘-ûi ê san-ô͘-ta thang oa̍h--lo̍h-lâi, in sī thong-sè-kài siōng-pak-pêng ê san-ô͘-ta.

In-ūi chit-ê hái-lâu ê sek-chúi sī khóng-sek--ê, khòaⁿ--khí-lâi o͘-o͘, só͘-í hō͘ lâng hō-chò O͘-hái-chúi, ū-sî-chūn mā kiò-chò **Ji̍t-pún Hái-lâu**. I ū hun-chhut 1-ê ki-lâu hō-chò Tusima Hái-lâu (Tùi-má Hái-lâu, ), tùi Ji̍t-pún ê hî-gia̍p ū chin tōa ê lī-ek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Iông-liû
Ú-lîm

**Ú-lîm** sī tī hō·-chúi chiâⁿ kāu ê só·-chāi ê chhiū-nâ. "Ú" sī "hō·" ê tha̍k-chheh-im, "lîm" sī chhiū-nâ ê "nâ" ê tha̍k-chheh-im.

In-ūi jia̍t-tài tōa-pō·-hūn ê só·-chāi kāu-hō· koh sio-joa̍h, só·-í jia̍t-tài sī tē-kiû-téng ú-lîm siōng-kài chē ê khu-he̍k, chit-tah ê ú-lîm hō-chò **jia̍t-tài ú-lîm**. Chóng--sī tī un-tài tē-khu mā kāng-khóan sī ū ú-lîm--ê (chham-khó un-tài ú-lîm).

Ú-lîm tû-khì hō·-chúi kāu í-gōa, ú-lîm lāi-té ê seng-bu̍t chióng-lūi mā put-chí-á chē, seng-bu̍t ê to-iōng-sèng chin koân.

Sè-kài-siōng siōng-tōa ê ú-lîm sī tī Brasil Amazon Phûn-tē ê Amazon Ú-lîm, hām Hui-chiu ê jia̍t-tài khu-he̍k, tùi Cameroon kàu Congo Kiōng-hô-kok ê ú-lîm. Tī Tang-lâm-a ê tōa-pō·-hūn tē-khu, pau-koah Myanmar, Ìn-nî, Papua Sin Guinea kap Australia mā ū jia̍t-tài ú-lîm.

Nā un-tài tē-khu, British Columbia, Bí-kok Alaska ê tang-lâm pō·, Kavkaz (Caucasus) se-pō· (Sakartvelo ê Ajaria tē-khu), kap Balkan ê chi̍t-pō·-hūn mā ū ú-lîm.

Chiàu kó·-kè tāi-khì lāi-té ū 40% ê sng-sò· sī ú-lîm sán-seng--ê, chin-chē khó-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi ú-lîm tùi tē-kiû ê khì-siōng ū chin tōa ê éng-hióng.

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
Slinky

**Slinky** sī 1 khóan kńg-lê-hêng ê chhit-thô-mi̍h.  Kui-kńg sok ân ê sî liōng-iok-á sī tōa-lâng kûn-thâu-bú hiah tōa.  Chá-chêng ê Slinky sī thih chò--ê, āu--lâi ū iōng sok-ka.  Slinky siōng chhut-miâ ê ī-hoat tō-sī tùi lâu-thui-thâu khin-khin-á kā sak lo̍h-khì, thang khòaⁿ i tòe khiat-á 1 khiat koh 1 khiat chhia-po̍ah-péng kàu kah lâu-thui-kha.

Hoat-bêng-jîn sī hái-kun kang-têng-su Richard James kap in khan-chhiú Betty James.  *Slinky* sī 1-ê chù-chheh siang-piau.

## Siong-koan
* Keng-á
2006 nî 1 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

## [[1 goe̍h 3]]
*Curtis Cooper and Steven Boone tī 2005 nî 12/15 chhoē tio̍h 1 ê Mersenne sò͘-sò͘ *M30402457*, he sī hiān-chú-sî chhoē--tio̍h ê sò͘-sò͘ lāi-té siōng kài toā--ê. (AP/YahooNews)

## [[1 goe̍h 27]]
* Hamas toā-iâⁿ Filastiniyya kok-hoē soán-kí, 132 se̍k tang-tiong the̍h tio̍h 76 se̍k. Kú-tn̂g í-lâi hoāⁿ-koân ê Fatah the̍h tio̍h 43 se̍k nā-niā (BBC BBC)

## [[1 goe̍h 23]]
* Chó-phài chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t Evo Morales chiū-jīm, chiâⁿ-chò Bolivia thâu-1-ê goân-chū-bîn chóng-thóng. I tùi-gōa piáu-sī beh kiat-sok "500 nî lâi" ê "put-gī kap bô pêng-téng" (BBC)
Alaska

**Alaska** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. I ê siú-hú sī Juneau, put-jí-kò siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Anchorage.

## Keng-chè
Alaska tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 52,747 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē jîn-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).

## Chham-khó

*
Hô͘-lô͘-tiám

**Hô͘-lô͘-tiám** (hàn-jī: 葫蘆點) sī Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê hú-chō͘ hû-hō chi it.  Thôan-thóng ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī iōng hô͘-lô͘-tiám khu-hun /o/ kap /ɔ/ chit 2-ê im-sò͘ ê lô-má-jī, iā-chiū-sī *[[o]]* kap *[[o͘]]*.  Āu--lâi mā ū ha̍k-chiá kiàn-gī iōng hô͘-lô͘-tiám chè-chō sin ê bó-im hû-hō (chhan-chhiūⁿ *e͘*), te̍k-pia̍t sī gōa-lâi-gí  so͘ su-iàu ê chi̍t-kóa-á im.  "Hô͘-lô͘-tiám" chit-ê bêng-sû pún-sin tō piáu-hiān chhut chit-ê /ɔ/ im, kap hô͘-lô͘ bô koan-hē.

2004 nî chìn-chêng ê Thong-iōng-bé pēng-bô ha̍h-su ê hû-hō thang chèng-khak piáu-sī hô͘-lô͘-tiám.   Tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī chioh-iōng tiong-kan-tiám (·,U+00B7) piáu-sī.  2005 nî khai-sí ū khah chē lâng kái-iōng chiàⁿ-pêng-koân-tiám (U+0358) piáu-sī hô͘-lô͘-tiám.  Tû-liáu Thong-iōng-bé í-gōa mā chin chia̍p iōng te̍k-sû ê chhiú-bóe pian-bé (*legacy encoding*) hē-thóng, te̍k-pia̍t sī Taiwanese Package ê hē-thóng.

Āu--lâi ha̍k-chiá Tiuⁿ Jū-hông (張裕宏) kiàn-gī ôan-ná the̍h hô͘-lô͘-tiám khì tàu kî-thaⁿ ê POJ bó-im jī-bó (a, i, u, e), án-ne lâi piáu-sī chi̍t-kóa hong-giân-im kap gōa-lâi-im.

Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ thui-chhut--ê Tâi-lô tú ū hô͘-lô-tiám--ê o (o) lia̍h-chòe oo--ê thoân-thóng-pán goā, bô-iōng chit-ê hû-hō, hong-giân te̍k-iú bó-im kái iong ke -r (lē: ir) iah-sī têng-siá (lē: ee) lâi ke-thiⁿ.
## Koh khoàⁿ
*O͘

## Chham-khó
*Hô͘-lô͘-tiám
Chu̍t-bí-oân

**Chu̍t-bí-ôan** (; ; Hôa-gí: 糯米糰), 1994 nî sêng-li̍p, iû 4 ê kah-ì FUNK kap Disco ê cha-po·-kiáⁿ cho·-sêng ê ga̍k-thôan.

## Cho͘-sêng thôan-oân

Bo̍k-chêng Chu̍t-bí-ôan sêng-oân ū 4 ê:
* Má Liām-Sian (馬念先): gí-tah-chhiú kiam chú-chhiùⁿ
* Î Kong-Iāu (余光耀): Bass
* Sím Kî-Hān (沈其翰): gí-tah-chhiú
* Lîm Chùn-Hông (林俊宏): kó·

## Te̍k-sek
#### 1994 nî kàu 1997 nî
*1994 nî in-ūi ū sio-kâng ê hèng-chhù lâi cho·-sêng, tān-sī tī chi̍t-tiûⁿ pí-sài lāi-té, chú-pān tan-ūi iàu-kîu chham-sài-chiá it-tēng ài ū thôan-miâ, che sî-chūn 4 ê cha-po·-kiáⁿ siūⁿ-tio̍h kì-jiân kóng-tio̍h "thôan, thôan, thôan" kui-khì hō-miâ hō-chò "Chu̍t-bí-ôan" (Hôa-gí hō-chó 糯米糰, "thôan" kap 糰 kāng-im), tāi-piáu in 4 lâng ê im-ga̍k chhan-chhiūⁿ chu̍t-bí-ôan kāng-khoán sûi-chhiú-khó-tit.

*1995 nî chham-ka chhiùⁿ-phìⁿ kong-si chú-pān TOP YOUNG koa-chhiùⁿ pí-sài tit-tio̍h sû-khek chhòng-chok kim-chióng.

*1995 nî thui-chhut "kiōng-phó·-sin-siaⁿ" (共譜新聲) ha̍p-chip.

*1997 nî 4 goe̍h thui-chhut thâu 1 tiuⁿ choan-chip "Chu̍t-bí-ôan" (糯米糰)，tī chit tiuⁿ choan-chip lāi-té，4 ê thôan-oân tî-liáu thian-seng ê im-ga̍k lêng-kám, tùi siā-hoē ê piàn-hòa kap seng-o̍ah ê thé-giām lóng hóan-èng tī in ê chhòng-chok.

*Chham-ú Tân Gio̍k-Hun (陳玉勳) tō-ián chip-tō ê tiān-iáⁿ "Ài-chêng-lâi-lah" (愛情來了) tiān-iáⁿ goân-siaⁿ-tòa (soundtrack) chhòng-chok, ji̍p-ûi Kim-bé-chióng Chòe-ka Tiān-iáⁿ Goân-siaⁿ-tòa Chòe-ka Koa-khek.

#### 1997 nî kàu 2001 nî
*1999 nî té, thòe-ngó· liáu-āu ka-ji̍p Mô·-gâm chhiòⁿ-phìⁿ.
*2000 nî 11 goe̍h, thui-chhut tē 2 tiuⁿ choan-chip, "Chheng-chhun-chiáu-ông"(青春鳥王).
*2000 nî 12 goe̍h, kheh-chhòan 2001 nî TOYOTA TERCEL khì-chhia kóng-kò.
*2001 nî 1 goe̍h, êng-he̍k Tiong-kok-sî-pò nî-tō· cha̍p-tōa chòe-ka choan-chip.
*2001 nî 3 goe̍h, êng-he̍k Tiong-hôa Im-ga̍k-lâng Kau-liû Hia̍p-hōe 2000 nî gû-lo̍k cha̍p-tōa Hôa-gí im-ga̍k choan-chip.
*2001 nî 5 goe̍h, Chu̍t-bí-ôan êng-he̍k tē 12 kài Kim-khiok-chióng Chòe-ka Im-ga̍k Lio̍k-iáⁿ-tòa chióng (Taekwondo / Chheng-chhun-chiáu-ông).
*2001 nî 7 goe̍h, be̍h-á-chiú chhiúⁿ-siong chàn-chō· kí-pān choân séng 10 tiûⁿ PUB sûn-hôe-ián-chhut.
*2001 nî 7 goe̍h 26, thui-chhut Chu̍t-bí-ôan "Super EP".
* 2001 nî 8 goe̍h，thâu 1 pái chhòng-chok Kńg-tang-oē koa - 黑仔香江中招記, chiâⁿ-chò Siàu-lîm-kha-kiû Tâi-ôan khu ī-kò-phìⁿ chú-tê koa.
* 2001 nî 8 goe̍h, chham-ú Tiuⁿ Chìn-Ga̍k (張震嶽) Hiong-káng hái-thoaⁿ BB PARTY tam-jīm ián-chhut ka-pin.
* 2001 nî té, kó·-chhiú Âng Chhāi-Li̍p (洪峙立) lī-thôan.

## Chok-phín
*1997 nî Chu̍t-bí-ôan (糯米糰) (PolyGram)
*2000 nî Chheng-chhun-chiáu-ông (青春鳥王) (Mô·-gâm)
*2001 nî Super EP (Mô·-gâm)
*2003 nî Mí-nih-choan-chip 2 (迷你專輯貳) (Hiong-káng Kún-chio̍h)
*2003 nî Lîm Hái-Hong X Chu̍t-bí-ôan la-khoah-im-ga̍k-hōe (林海峰X糯米糰 拉闊音樂會) (Hiong-káng Kún-chio̍h)

## Goā-pō· liân-kiat
*DISGUSTING CHANNEL
*Liām-Sian-sī Hōng-hông-tn̂g (Ji̍t-gí, Eng-gí)
*PTT Sticky Rice Pán
Ulaanbaatar

**Ulaanbaatar** (Bông-kó͘-gí: *Улаанбаатар*) sī Bông-kó͘ ê siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, jîn-kháu kó͘-kè tāi-iok 774,000 (2001 nî).
ABBA

**ABBA** sī tī 1970/80 nî-tāi tng sî-kiâⁿ ê 1-ê Sverige liû-hêng ga̍k-thoân. Kàu-taⁿ in iu-goân sī siōng-kài sêng-kong ê Sverige im-ga̍k thoân-thé, tng jia̍t ê sî-kî sī sè-kài siōng siū hoan-gêng ê 1-cho· ga̍k-thoân. Sêng-oân ū Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad (sió-miâ "Frida") 4 lâng.

1972 nî cho·-thoân. 1974 hit-nî khò "Waterloo" chit tiâu koa tiâu Eurovision Chhiùⁿ-koa Pí-sài, liáu-āu choâⁿ tōa chhut-miâ. 1983 nî in ta̍k-ê koat-tēng hioh--chi̍t-ē, kàu-taⁿ m̄-bat koh tàu-tīn chhut kòe sin choan-chip.

## Discography
* 1973: *[[Ring Ring (album)|Ring Ring]]*
* 1974: *[[Waterloo (album)|Waterloo]]*
* 1975: *[[ABBA (album)|ABBA]]*
* 1976: *[[Arrival]]*
* 1977: *[[The Album]]*
* 1979: *[[Voulez-Vous]]*
* 1980: *[[Super Trouper (album)|Super Trouper]]*
* 1981: *[[The Visitors (album)|The Visitors]]*
*2021: *[[Voyage]]*
Chia̍h-bah tōng-bu̍t

**Chia̍h-bah tōng-bu̍t** () ia̍h **bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t** (肉食動物), sī chia̍h-mi̍h chú-iàu sī bah ê tōng-bu̍t, ē-sái chí tan-sûn chia̍h-chho ê tōng-bu̍t he̍k-chiá sī Chia̍h-bah-bo̍k ê hūn-chú. Chia̍h-bah-bo̍k ê hit kóa chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t tōa-hūn kan-taⁿ chia̍h bah, chóng--sī oân-ná ū-kóa (chhin-chhiūⁿ hîm) m̄-sī kan-taⁿ chia̍h bah ê tōng-bu̍t.

Chia̍h-mi̍h oân-choân sī bah ê tōng-bu̍t hō chò gī-bū bah-si̍t tōng-bu̍t (*obligate carnivore*).  "Bah" ê chhut-chhù ē-sái sī oa̍h ê tōng-bu̍t ia̍h si-thé; âng-bah, hî-bah, khun-thiông lóng chún-sǹg.
Hirai Ken

**Hirai Ken** (平井堅, ) sī Ji̍t-pún 1-ê R&B koa-chhiú, 1990 nî-tāi chho·-kî chhut-tō, 2000 nî khai-sí tōa chhut-miâ.  I tī Tāi-pán-hú chhut-sì, tī Nabari tōa-hàn.
Madrid

**Madrid** sī Se-pan-gâ ê siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, jîn-kháu tāi-iok 203 bān (2003 nî).

File:Prada 2016 Madrid, Spain España.jpg
File:GUCCI, photography by david adam kess, madrid 2016.jpg
File:Louis Vuitton or shortened to LV, is a French fashion house founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton, photography by david adam kess, madrid 2016.jpg
File:Hermès, Madrid, Spain España.jpg
Gî-lân-koān

**Gî-lân-koān** (Hàn-jī: 宜蘭縣) sī Tâi-oân tang-pak-pō͘ ê 1-ê koān.

## Hêng-chèng tan-ūi
* Gî-lân-chhī
* Lô-tong-tìn
* So·-ò-tìn
* Thâu-siâⁿ-tìn
* Ta-khe-hiong
* Chòng-ûi-hiong
* Îⁿ-soaⁿ-hiong
* Tang-soaⁿ-hiong
* Gō·-kiat-hiong
* Sam-seng-hiong
* Tāi-tông-hiong
* Lâm-ò-hiong 

## Chèng-tī
Lâm-tâu-koān

**Lâm-tâu-koān** () sī Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê koān, sī choân-kok ûi-it bô óa hái ê koān, só͘-í ū lâng kóng Lâm-tâu sī Tâi-oân Lāi-tē.

## Le̍k-sú

## Tē-lí

### Ūi-tì

### Tē-hêng

### Chúi-bûn

### Khì-hāu

## Hêng-chèng tan-ūi

## Chèng-tī

## Jîn-kháu

### Goân-chū bîn-cho̍k
Lâm-tâu-koān kéng-lāi ê goân-chū bîn-cho̍k ū Seediq-cho̍k, Tayal-cho̍k, Bunun-cho̍k, Tsou-cho̍k, Thao-cho̍k kap Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k Pazeh-cho̍k kap Kaxabu-cho̍k. In bo̍k-chêng ê pō͘-lo̍k só͘-chāi-tē jû-hā:

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Borneo

**Borneo** sī sè-kài tē 3 tōa tó, bīn-chek lóng-chóng ū 743330 km², tē-lí-siōng sio̍k-tī Tang-lâm-a. Borneo tiàm-tī Má-lâi kûn-tó kap Ìn-nî ê tiong-ng. Chèng-tī-siōng pun-chò Ìn-nî, Má-lâi-se-a, kap Brunei 3-kok ê léng-thó͘.

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* Environmental Profile of Borneo – Background on Borneo, including natural and social history, deforestation statistics, and conservation news.
Ka-gī-chhī

**Ka-gī-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 嘉義市) sī Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘ ê 1-ê chhī, hêng-chèng-siōng sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Tâi-oân-séng ē-kha ê séng-hat-chhī.Tē-lí-siōng sī Ka-gī-to͘-hōe-khu ê He̍k-sim-to͘-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng tan-ūi

* Tang-khu
* Se-khu



## Chèng-tī

## Kau-thong
*Ka-gī BRT
*Ka-gī Chhī-bá-suh
*Ka-gī Chhia-thâu
*Ka-pak Chhia-thâu
*Pak-mn̂g Chhia-thâu

## Sìn-ióng
*Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē Ka-gī Tiong-hoē

## Ha̍k-hāu
*Kok-li̍p Ka-gī Ko-kip Tiong-ha̍k

## Chham-khó
*Ka-gī-to͘-hōe-khu
Innsbruck Tāi-ha̍k

**Leopold-Franzens Innsbruck Tāi-ha̍k** (Tek-gí: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck), 1669 nî iû Leopold It-sè tiàm Tang-kok Innsbruck sêng-li̍p ê tāi-ha̍k.  Hiān-chhú-sî ê ha̍k-seng jîn-kháu sī Tang-kok tē-3 tōa--ê, pâi tī Vienna Tāi-ha̍k kap Graz Tāi-ha̍k āu-piah.  Tī Tirol hit-tah-á sī siāng tōa ê kàu-io̍k ki-kò·.

I-ha̍k-pō· tī 2004 nî to̍k-li̍p chiâⁿ-chò 1 keng sin tāi-ha̍k, hō-chò Innsbruck I-ha̍k Tāi-ha̍k (Medizinische Universität Innsbruck).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
*Bāng-chām (Eng-bûn)
Ú-tiū Hâng-khong Gián-kiù Khai-hoat Ki-kò͘

**Ú-tiū Hâng-khong Gián-kiù Khai-hoat Ki-kò·** (Ji̍t-gí: 宇宙航空研究開発機構; Eng-gí: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, kán-chheng **JAXA**) sī Ji̍t-pún ê kok-ka thài-khong ki-kò·, pún-chiâⁿ sī 3-ê to̍k-li̍p ki-kò·, 2003 nî 10 goe̍h chhe-1 ha̍p-pèng pìⁿ JAXA.

## Chù-kái

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* JAXA 
* 
* 
**  by JAXA
**  by JAXA
* International Space Station (ISS) and "Kibo" Information center
* JAXA – Space Environment Utilization and  Space Experiment
* "JAXA 2025" Presentation 
* Report on Japan's Space Program, 2005 by RAND Corporation
* Report on US-Japan Space Policy Cooperation, 2003 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
* Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT)
* Japan's Evolving Space Program by the National Bureau of Asian Research

Archived sites of the JAXA predecessor agencies:

* NASDA
* ISAS 
* NAL

Lūi-pia̍t:JAXA
Ka-gī-koān

**Ka-gī-koān** (Hàn-jī: 嘉義縣) sī Tâi-oân sai-lâm-pō͘ ê 1-ê koān.

## Hêng-chèng tan-ūi
### Chhī
*Thài-pó-chhī 
*Phoh-chú-chhī

### Tìn
*Pò͘-tē-tìn
*Tōa-nâ-tìn

### Hiong
*Bîn-hiông-hiong
*Khe-kháu-hiong
*Sin-káng-hiong
*La̍k-kha-hiong
*Tang-chio̍h-hiong
*Gī-tek-hiong
*Lok-chháu-hiong
*Chhúi-siāng-hiong
*Tiong-po·-hiong
*Tek-kiā-hiong
*Bôe-san-hiong
*Hoan-lō͘-hiong
*Tōa-po͘-hiong
*A-lí-san-hiong

## Chèng-tī
Hawai‘i Hoé-soaⁿ

**Hoé-soaⁿ** (*Volcano*) sī Bí-kok tī Hawai‘i Chiu Hawai‘i Kūn ê 1 ê jîn-khaú tiau-cha khu (*census-designated place*). 2000 nî tiau-cha ê sî, ū 2,231 ê lâng tiàm chia khiā-khí.
Alrewas

**Alrewas** sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Eng-lân Sai Midlands Tōa-khu Staffordshire Kūn ê chi̍t ê bîn-chèng kàu-khu (*civil parish*).

Lūi-pia̍t:Staffordshire ê bîn-chèng kàu-khu
Chiong-hòa-koān

**Chiong-hoà-koān** (彰化縣) sī Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ ê 1-ê koān.

## Hêng-chèng tan-ūi

*Chiong-hoà-chhī
*Oân-lîm-chhī
*Hô-bí-tìn
*Jī-lîm-tìn
*Khe-ô͘-tìn
*Lo̍k-káng-tìn
*Pó-táu-tìn
*Tiân-tiong-tìn
*Chhân-boé-hiong
*Éng-chēng-hiong
*Hoe-toâⁿ-hiong
*Hok-heng-hiong
*Hong-oán-hiong
*Hun-hn̂g-hiong
*Jī-chúi-hiong
*Khe-chiu-hiong
*Pi-thâu-hiong
*Po͘-iâm-hiong
*Po͘-sim-hiong
*Siā-thâu-hiong
*Sin-káng-hiong
*Siù-chúi-hiong
*Soàⁿ-sai-hiong
*Tāi-chhoan-hiong
*Tek-tn̂g-hiong
*Toā-siâⁿ-hiong

## Chèng-tī
:''Chham-khó: Chiong-hòa-koān Chèng-hú, Chiang-hòa-koān Gī-hōe

## Le̍k-sú
Se-goân 1723 nî, tng sī Chheng Tè-kok thóng-tī Tâi-oân, hit-chūn tû-liáu goân-pún ê it hú sam koān í-gōa, koh sin sêng-li̍p Chiong-hòa Koān.
Australia tâng-thaû-choâ

*A. labialis*
*A. ramsayi*
*A. superbus*

**Australia tâng-thaû-choâ** (*Australian copperhead*) kí Austrelaps-sio̍k lāi-té 3 chióng chin sio-siāng ê choâ. In tiàm tī Australia tāi-lio̍k ê tang-pō͘ kap lâm-pō͘ leh seⁿ-thoàⁿ, hia thó͘-tē khah pûi, khì-haū khah un-hô.

Australia tâng-thaû-choâ toā-sè tiong-tiong--á, hán tit chhiau koè 1.8 bí. In ê sek-chúi chin chē, tâng-sián-sek, chúi-n̂g-sek, âng--ê, phú--ê, liān o͘--ê mā ū, ta̍k chiah bô kāng iūⁿ. Sui-bóng lóng kiò-chò tâng-thaû-choâ, m̄-koh ū-ê ê thaû bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī tâng-sián-sek. Ū chi̍t-koá ê thaû aū-piah koh ū hō tī-leh.

Lūi-pia̍t:Choâ
Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-chiu
Sydney

**Sydney** sī Ò-chiu siāng-tōa kap siāng-lāu (1788 nî khai-ki) ê siâⁿ-chhī. Sydney mā-sī Sin Lâm Wales ê Chiu-hú-siâⁿ, i ê jîn-kháu tāi-iok 400 bān.

2000 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hōe tiàm Sydney kí-pān.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-chiu siâⁿ-chhī
Beth Orton

**Elizabeth Caroline Orton**, it-poaⁿ hō-chò **Beth Orton** (1970 nî 12 goe̍h 14), sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê 1-ê cha-bó· koa-chhiú kiam chok-khek/chok-sû-ka.  Hong-keh thàu-lām bîn-iâu kap tiān-chú im-ga̍k.

## Chok-phín
### Choan-chip

* *Superpinkymandy* (tī Ji̍t-pún hoat-hêng - 1993)
* *Trailer Park* (1996)
* *Central Reservation* (1999)
* *Daybreaker* (2002)
* *The Other Side of Daybreak* (2003)
* *Pass In Time: The Definitive Collection* (2003)
* *Comfort of Strangers* (2006)

### Tan-khek

# "Don't Wanna Know 'Bout Evil" (1992 - Virgin VST 1441)
# "I Wish I Never Saw The Sunshine" (1997 - Heavenly HVN56)
# "She Cries Your Name" (1996 - Heavenly HVN60)
# "Touch Me With Your Love" (1996 - Heavenly HVN64)
# "Someone's Daughter" (1997 - Heavenly HVN65)
# "She Cries Your Name" (1997 - Heavenly HVN68)
# "Best Bit EP" (1997 - Heavenly HVN72)
# "Stolen Car" (1999 - Heavenly HVN89)
# "Central Reservation" (1999 - Heavenly HVN92)
# "Concrete Sky EP" (2002 - Heavenly HVN115)
# "Anywhere" (2002 - Heavenly HVN125)
# "Thinking About Tomorrow" (2002 - Heavenly HVN129)
# "Conceived" (2005 - hān bāng-lō· hā-chài)
Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k

**Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k** ê hoat-chó· it-poaⁿ sī kóng tī Ji̍t-pún si̍t-bîn ê 1920 nî-tāi ê Tâi-oân sin-bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng. Chit-ê ūn-tōng ê sèng-chit hām thoân-thóng ê kū-bûn-ha̍k khah bô sio-kâng. Tùi Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi sin-bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng khai-sí, Tâi-oân ê chok-ka tō it-ti̍t kā in kiàn-li̍p--khí-lâi ê bûn-ha̍k hō-chò **Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k**.

Āu--lâi in-ūi chèng-tī khoân-kéng, tia̍t-pia̍t sī Kok-bîn Chèng-hú thóng-tī Tâi-oân liáu-āu, **Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k** chit-ê bêng-sû tō it-ti̍t ū cheng-gī, chhin-chhiūⁿ 1970 nî-tāi ê hiong-thó· bûn-ha̍k poâⁿ-oē ê sî, tō ū lâng kāu-chhau-hoân, kóng hiong-thó· bûn-ha̍k kap hun-lī-chú-gī sio-liâm-tì-toà, mā ū lâng kóng hiong-thó· bûn-ha̍k kap Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng thóng-tī chi-hā ê bûn-ha̍k chhēng kāng niá khò·, sī kang-lông-peng bûn-gē (工農兵文藝), mā koh ū lâng tiâu-tî kā ut-áu, hō-chò "pian-kiong bûn-ha̍k" (邊疆文學).

It-ti̍t kàu 1980 nî-tāi khí-chho·, Tâi-oân ê chok-ka chóng-sǹg sī sêng-kong kā Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k cheng-chhú-tio̍h tē-ūi, kong-khai thê-chhiòng tī Tâi-oân sán-seng ê bûn-ha̍k tō-sī Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k. It-lâi-jī-khì,  kìⁿ-nā jīn-tông Tâi-oân ê lâng, ēng Tâi-oân-lâng ê koan-tiám, lâi siá-chhut thiàⁿ-thàng Tâi-oân, kap Tâi-oân ū koan-hē ê bûn-ha̍k-chok-phín, lóng ē-sái kìo-chò Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k.

Nā khoàⁿ Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k sú-iōng ê bûn-jī, ū Hàn-jī bûn-giân-bûn, Hō-ló, Ji̍t-bûn kap Hoâ-gí téng-téng, ū ê siá Hàn-jī, ū ê ēng lô-má-jī, sam-téng-jī-hō, sǹg sī Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k ê tia̍t-sek.

Nā tùi le̍k-sú lâi khoàⁿ, Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k sī khah-òaⁿ hoat-chó· ê bûn-ha̍k, kap sian-chìn kok-ka pí--khí-lâi, m̄-nā pí Ji̍t-pún bān khí-kiâⁿ chin-chē, sīm-chì mā pí Tiong-kok Ngó-sù ūn-tōng ê sin-bûn-ha̍k khah-bān kúi-nā tang. In-ūi Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k hoat-chó· khah-oàⁿ, só·-í chū-jiân tō kè-sêng kî-thaⁿ bûn-ha̍k ê sèng-chit kap sêng-chek, Au-chiu kap Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k tùi i ū éng-hióng, Ji̍t-pún kap Tiong-kok bûn-ha̍k mā tùi i ū chin-chē éng-hióng.

Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Loā-hô (賴和) kā Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k hō-chò "sè-kài-chú-gī ē-kha ê Tâi-oân sin-bûn-ha̍k", nā chit-ê sî-tāi ê chok-ka Chiong Tiāu-chèng (鍾肇政, Kheh-gí: Chûng Seu-chṳn) sī kóng: "Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k sī Tâi-oân pún-thó· ê bûn-ha̍k, sī Tâi-oân lâng ê bûn-ha̍k, sī sè-kài bûn-ha̍k ê 1-ki."

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
*Kok-ka Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k-koán
Sèng Nicholas

**Myra ê Sèng Nicholas**, ChA 4 sè-kí tī Anatolia Lycia Myra hit-tah-á ê Ki-tok-kàu chú-kàu. Thoân-soat kóng Nicholas te̍k-pia̍t chiàu-kò͘ sàn-chhiah-lâng, ē sàng lé-bu̍t hō͘ in. I bat koan kè-chng hō͘ 1-ê sòng-hiong ê Ki-tok-tô͘ ê 3-ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, in chū án-ne ē-tit bián chò chhiong-ki thàn-chia̍h.

Chin chē hâng-gia̍p kap siā-hōe kai-chân jīm i chò in ê chú-pó-sèng-jîn, pau-koah kiâⁿ-chûn-lâng, seng-lí-lâng, siā-chhiú, gín-á, ki-lú, io̍h-chè-su, lu̍t-su, hoān-lâng, téng-téng. Amsterdam kap Lō͘-se-a oân-ná jīm i sī sèng-jîn.

Āu--lâi tī Se-au Sèng Nicholas ùi 1-ê le̍k-sú jîn-bu̍t ián-piàn pìⁿ 1-ê sîn-oē kha-siàu hō-chò Sinterklaas (*Sint Nicolaas* ê sok-siá), Sinterklaas koh ián-piàn pìⁿ hiān-tāi ê Santa Claus. Chèng-kàu Ki-tok-kàu pí-kàu-te̍k iōng khah giâm-sio̍k ê thāi-tō͘ kì-liām i.
Kán-sìn

**Kán-sìn** (**SMS**) sī 1 khoán hêng-tōng tiān-oē téng-koân ê ho̍k-bū, ē-tàng hō· lâng tī chhiú-ki chi-kan hō·-siōng thoân té-chat ê bûn-jī sìn-sek.

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* 3GPP – the organization that maintains the SMS specification
* [ISO Standards (In Zip file format)](https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c036050_ISO_IEC_21989_2002(E).zip)
* GSM 03.38 to Unicode – how the GSM 7-bit default alphabet characters map into Unicode
Rukai-cho̍k

**Rukai-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn ê 1-cho̍k. In chú-iàu sī tī Tâi-oân lâm-pō, Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng ê tang sai nn̄g-pêng khiā-khí.

Toà tī Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng sai-pêng ê sī khiā tī Ló-lông-khe (荖濃溪) ki-lâu Lô-kháu-khe (濁口溪) hū-kīn, sio̍k-tī Ko-hiông-chhī Bō͘-lîm-khu (茂林區) ê **Totouka-kongatawanu-oponubu** (下三社群 ), hām khiā tī E̍-liâu-khe (隘寮溪) 2-hōaⁿ ê **Sai-Rukai-kûn**. Nā toà tī tang-pêng--ê, sī khiā tī Tâi-tang Pêⁿ-iûⁿ kîⁿ-á, Lū-ka-khe (呂家溪) 2-pêng ê **Taromak** (Tāi-lâm-siā-kûn / 大南社群, Tāi-lâm-kûn / 大南群 he̍k-chiá sī kiò-chò Tang-Rukai-Kûn).

Chóng kóng--khí-lâi, Rukai-cho̍k sī khiā tī Pîn-tong-koān kap Tâi-tang-koān 2-ê hêng-chèng khu-he̍k lāi-té.

Hiān-chhú-sî sī Pîn-tang-koān Bū-tâi-hiong (霧台鄉) ê Rukai-cho̍k jîn-kháu siōng chē, koh lâi sī Tâi-tang-koān Pi-lâm-hiong (卑南鄉), soà--lo̍h-lâi sī Ko-hiông-chhī ê Bō͘-lîm-khu kap Pîn-tang-koān ê Soaⁿ-tē-mn̂g-hiong (三地門鄉).

In-ūi toà tī Bū-tâi-hiong ê Rukai jîn-kháu siōng chē, só·-í chiah ē ēng in ka-kī kiò ka-kī ê miâ: Rukai lâi chiâⁿ-chò kui-ê cho̍k-kûn ê miâ. Chóng--sī Ko-hîong-koān Bō·-lîm-hiong ê cho̍k-lâng ū in ka-tī ê hoat-chó· thoân-soeh, in jīn-uî in tō sī tī Bō·-lîm-hiong hoat-chó·--ê, kā ka-kī lēng-goā hō-chò **Tarwarekan**. Tarwarekan in-ūi chò Bunun, Cou kap Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k ê chhù-piⁿ, bûn-hoà, gí-giân kap hong-sio̍k lóng sīu-tio̍h chin chē goā-lâi ê éng-híong, in ê oē kap Bū-tâi ê pō·-lo̍k í-keng ū chám-jiân toā ê cheng-chha tī leh.

Kàu 2003-nî ê thóng-kè, Rukai lóng-chóng ū 1-bān goā lâng.

## Chiuⁿ-pà ê kò·-hiong: chhian-soá kap pō·-lo̍k kiàn-li̍p

Rukai-cho̍k ū 1-ê miâ, hō-chò chiuⁿ-pà ê kò·-hiong. Kin-kì in cho̍k ê thoân-soeh, Rukai ê chó·-kong-á sī tī Tâi-tang ê hái-hoā khí-soaⁿ--ê, bô-goā-kú tō soá lâi Tiong-iong-soaⁿ-lêng lâm-toāⁿ ê Kindoor-soaⁿ khiā-ke. Āu--lâi, chi̍t-pō·-hūn ê cho̍k-lâng toè thâu-lâng chhian-soá, hō· 1-chiah ū sîn ê chiuⁿ-pò· kap lāi-hio̍h chhoā-lō·,  poâⁿ-soaⁿ-koè-niá lâi tī **Kochapogan** (Kochapogan-siā, Hàn-jī hông siá-chò 舊好茶). Chiuⁿ-pà kàu Kochapogan liáu-āu tō thêng tī hia, lóng m̄-khéng lī-khui, só·-í cho̍k-lâng tō tī Kochapogan kiàn-li̍p pō·-lo̍k.

Che í-āu, Rukai-cho̍k koh ū chhian khì kàu Bū-tâi-hiong (霧台鄉), kiàn-li̍p **Ad el-siā** (taⁿ ê A-lé-chhoan / 阿禮村), **Budai-siā** (taⁿ ê Bū-tâi-chhoan / 霧台村), **Kabarayan-siā** (taⁿ ê Bū-tâi-chhoan Hoâ-îong chū-lo̍k / 華容聚落, mā kìo-chò Hā-bū-tâi / 下霧臺) kap **Tokubul-siā** (tī taⁿ ê Saⁿ-tē-mn̂g-hiong Toā-siā-chhoan ).

In-ūi chit-toāⁿ chhian-soá ê thoân-soeh kap le̍k-sú, só·-í Rukai-cho̍k kìm-chí phah chiuⁿ-pà kap lāi-hio̍h.

## Kó·-chhoe-hoe ê bîn-cho̍k

Rukai ê lēng-goā 1-ê hō-thâu sī ēng kó·-chhoe-hoe chò chng-thāⁿ. Kó·-chhoe-hoe tī Rukai sī tāi-piáu cha-bó·-gín-á ê sûn-kiat kap cha-po·-lâng chhut-sek ê phah-la̍h ki-su̍t.

M̄-koh cha-bó·-gín-á nā tī kiat-hun chìn-chêng kap lâng khùn--koè, tō bô chu-keh tì kó·-chhoe-hoe.

It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, Rukai-lâng tì kó·-chhoe-hoe ê sî sī kā hoe ǹg tùi piⁿ-á, chí-ū thâu-ba̍k chiah ē-sái kā hoe ǹg tùi chiàⁿ-thâu-chêng.
Chiuⁿ-pà

**Chiuⁿ-pà** ê ha̍k-miâ hō-chò *Neofelis nebulosa*, sī 1-chíong tiong-hêng ê niau-kho tōng-bu̍t, tn̂g-tō· tī 60 kàu 110-kong-hun chi-kan, thé-tāng chha-put-to 11 kàu 20-kong-kin.

**Chiuⁿ-pà** mā hō· lâng kiò-chò **o·-hûn-pà**, **niau-pà**.

Chiuⁿ-pà seng-khu sī ka-pi-sek hām thô·-sek--ê, téng-thâu ū chin tia̍t-sû ê hoe-chháu, sī 1-tè 1-tè hêng-chōng bô-it-tēng, kîⁿ-á khah àm-sek ê tn̂g-ko-îⁿ. It-poaⁿ hō· lâng khoàⁿ-chò chhin-chhīuⁿ hûn, só·-í tī Hoâ-gí kap Eng-gí lāi-té, i ê miâ lóng choaⁿ-á kap hûn ū tī-tāi.

Chiuⁿ-pà ê thâu-khak-oáⁿ ê kiat-kò· hām kāng-kho ê tōng-bu̍t lóng bô-kâng, só·-í tī tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k sī kā tòng-chò to̍k-li̍p ê 1-ê sio̍k.

## Hun-pò· ê khu-he̍k

Chiuⁿ-pà seng-oa̍h ê khu-he̍k chú-iàu sī tī Tang-lâm-a, pau-koah Lâm-Tiong-kok, Himalaya Soaⁿ-lêng tang-pō·,  hām Ìn-nî Kûn-tó téng-téng.

Chiuⁿ-pà kah-ì tī jia̍t-tài kap a-jia̍t-tài, chha-put-to hái-poa̍t 2,000 kong-chhioh ê chhīu-nâ lāi-té seng-oa̍h, m̄-koh ū-sî-chūn mā ē tī âng-chhīu-nâ ê làm-tē hām chháu-po· khoàⁿ--tio̍h.

## Chiuⁿ-pà ê a-chéng

Chiuⁿ-pà tī hun-pō· ê ta̍k-só·-chāi, koh ū chē-chē khoán ê a-chéng, kî-tiong ū 4-chíong khah chhut-miâ--ê, che lāi-té ê Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà (*Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus*) chin ū khó-lêng í-keng khu̍t-chèng--khì-ah:

* *Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus*: Hun-pò· tī Tâi-oân. Hō-chò **Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà**.
* *Neofelis nebulosa diardi*: Hun-pò· tī Ìn-nî.
* *Neofelis nebulosa macrosceloides*: Hun-pò· tī Nepal kàu Myanmar.
* *Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa*: Hun-pò· tī Lâm-Tiong-kok.
Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà

**Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà** sī chiuⁿ-pà ê 1-chíong a-chéng, mā sī Tâi-oân-tó to̍k-to̍k chiah ū ê tōng-bu̍t, chóng--sī 1980 nî-tāi liáu-āu tō bô chèng-sek bo̍k-kek ê kì-lio̍k--ah, chit-má chin ū khó-lêng í-keng khu̍t-chéng.

Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà lēng-goā mā kìo-chò **Tâi-oân o͘-hûn-pà** he̍k-chiá-sī **Tâi-oân niau-pà**.

Tâi-oân chiuⁿ-pà hām kî-thaⁿ ê chiuⁿ-pà khoàⁿ--khí-lâi, siōng-chú-iàu sī cheng-chha tī i ê boé khah-té.

Chit-khoán tōng-bu̍t sī Tâi-oân tē-2-toā ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t, kan-taⁿ pí Tâi-oân káu-hîm khah-sè chiah.
DNA

**DNA** sī **[[thoat-sng-hu̍t-thn̂g]] hu̍t-sng** (eng. *deoxyribonucleic acid*) ê Eng-gí kán-lio̍k, chí 1 khoán kì-chài seng-bu̍t ûi-thoân chu-liāu ê he̍k-sng. Só·-ū ê sè-pau seng-bu̍t kap tōa-hūn ê pēⁿ-to̍k lóng khò DNA chí-tō seng-bu̍t hoat-io̍k ê kòe-thêng. DNA hun-chú sī tn̂g-tn̂g 1 tiâu he̍k-kam-sng ko-chū-bu̍t (*polymer*). He̍k-kam-sng ê sūn-sī keng-kòe ûi-thoân-bé (*genetic code*) ê kui-chek tùi-èng kàu nn̄g-pe̍h-chit ê an-ki-sng sūn-sī. 

## Cho͘-sêng kap kò͘-chō
DNA sī kúi khóan hu̍t-kam-sng hóan-ho̍k pâi-lia̍t ha̍p-sêng ê chi̍t-khóan tn̂g-liān to-thé. DNA to-thé lāi ê tan-thé tan-goân hâm lîn-sng-hòa (*phosphorylated*) ê 2-thoat-sng-hu̍t-thn̂g (*2-deoxyribose*), keng-kòe glycoside kiat-ha̍p hong-sek chiap tī chi̍t-ê iâm-ki téng. Hia iâm-ki thang hun 4 khoán, to̍h sī adenine, cytosine, guanine ia̍h thymine, in chi kan sī óa-khò phosphodiester kiat-ha̍p sio-chiap--ê. Chiap hó-sè ê tn̂g-liān, àn-chiàu jī-tiông lô-sòaⁿ (*double-helix*) mô͘-hêng, sī kap lēng-gōa chi̍t tiâu tn̂g-liān siang í chiàn-chhiú hong-hiòng kńg-lê ê hêng-sek, khò chúi-sò͘ kiat-ha̍p ê chok-iōng chiâⁿ tùi ha̍p chò-hóe--ê, siang-pêng ê iâm-ki koh ū it-tēng ê phòe-ha̍p kui-lu̍t. DNA ū khó-lêng í 3 chióng chú-iàu ê kò͘-hêng (*conformation*) chūn-châi, pau-koat A-DNA, B-DNA kap Z-DNA.

DNA tn̂g-liān ê khoan-tō͘ ū 2.2 kàu 2.6 nano-bí, kî-tiong chi̍t-ê he̍k-kam-sng ê tn̂g-tō͘ ū 0.33 nano-bí. Kui-tiâu DNA chin tn̂g, pí-lūn jîn-lūi ê liám-sek-thé 1 hō ū tāi-iok 220,000,000-ê iâm-ki phòe-tùi (base pair, "iâm-ki" sī he̍k-kam-sng ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn).

## Gián-kiù le̍k-sú
1953 nî, chē-ê gián-kiú-chiá ê lūn-bûn tī tong-nî 4 goe̍h 25 hō ê *[[Nature]]* kho-ha̍k-chì téng-bīn hoat-piáu. Tāi-seng sī Watson kap Crick--ê; koh lâi sī Wilkins, Stokes kap Wilson; tòe āu sī Franklin kap Gosling--ê.

## Chù-kái

## Chham-chiàu
### Su-chì
* 

### Chù-kha

Lūi-pia̍t:Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:DNA
Hu̍t-kam-sng

**He̍k-kam-sng** (核苷酸) sī 1-ê hòa-ha̍k mi̍h, sêng-hūn pau-koah 1-ê thn̂g, 1-ê *nitrogenous base*, kap chì-chió 1-ê lîn-sng (phosphate). Thn̂g chhiâng-chāi sī 1-ê 5-thn̂g (*pentose*). *Base* it-poaⁿ sī purine a̍h-sī pyrimidine.

Lūi-pia̍t:Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t
Evo Morales

**Juan Evo Morales Aima** (1959 nî 10 goe̍h 26), Bolivia chó-phài chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, coca chèng-choh ūn-tōng ê thâu-lâng, tī 2005 nî ê chóng-thóng soán-kí tōa-iâⁿ tùi-chhiú, chiâⁿ-chò hit-kok thâu-1-ê goân-chū-bîn (Aymara-cho̍k) chóng-thóng.

I sī *cocalero* ūn-tōng kap Ǹg Siā-hōe-chú-gī Ūn-tōng (*Movimiento al Socialismo*, MAS) ê thâu-lâng. *Cocalero* sī chèng coca ê choh-sit-lâng cho·-ha̍p ê liân-bêng; in hoán-tùi Bí-kok bia̍t coca ê chèng-chhek.

## Chóng-thóng jīm-lāi
Tī 2006 nî i soan-pò͘ Bolivia beh chiōng goā-kok kong-si ê thian-jiân-khì sán-gia̍p kok-iú-hoà pēng-chhiáⁿ sûi phài peng-á kap koaⁿ-oân khì hoāⁿ 53 cho͘ siat-si. I kóng goā-kok kong-si ū 6 goe̍h-ji̍t ê sî-kan thang hām chèng-hú kau-sia̍p sin koan-hē. Siū éng-hióng ê kong-si ū 20 goā keng, pau-koah Pa-se ê kok-iú kong-si Petrobras. Bolivia ê thian-jiân-khì chu-goân sī Latin Bí-chiu tē 2 toā--ê, pâi toà Venezuela āu-piah. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4963348.stm
Sèng-tàn-cheh

**Sèng-tàn** ia̍h **Sèng-tàn-cheh**, mā kóng **kiù-chú-tàn**, sī kì-liām Iâ-so͘ chhut-seⁿ (**Iâ-so͘-seⁿ**) ê Ki-tok-kàu cheh-ji̍t. Tōa-pō·-hūn ê Ki-tok-kàu-tô· tī 12 goe̍h 25 chò-cheh, Tang Chèng-kàu it-poaⁿ tī 1 goe̍h chhe 7. Hiān-chhú-sî tī chē-chē thoân-thóng Ki-tok-kàu tē-khu í-gōa ê só·-chāi mā ná lâi ná chē lâng sî-kiâⁿ kòe Sèng-tàn-cheh.

Sèng-tàn-cheh ê ji̍t-kî, sī kó͘-chá Roma sî-tāi chè-tēng ê ji̍t-chí, m̄-sī chiàⁿ-káng Iâ-so͘ chhut-sì ê ji̍t-chí.

Lēng-gōa, chit-ê ji̍t-chí tī Lâm-iûⁿ mā ū "Âng-mô͘-tang-cheh" ê kiò-hoat.

## Chham-khó

## Siong-koan
* Sèng-tàn Ló-jîn.
Sò͘-ba̍k

**Sò͘-ba̍k** pún-té sī ēng lâi piáu-sī sǹg--chhut-lâi iah sī chhek-liông--chhut-lâi ê liōng. Sò͘-ha̍k-ka koh kā khok-chhiong lâi piáu-sī chi̍t-koá thiu-siōng ê khài-liām, khó-pí kóng -1 ê pêng-hong-kin. Piáu-sī sò͘-ba̍k ê hû-hō hō-chò sò͘-jī. Pêng-sò͘-sî sò͘-jī mā hông the̍h lâi chò piau-chhiam (chhiūⁿ kóng ko-sok-kong-lō͘ ê pian-hō), iah sī the̍h lâi piáu-sī sūn-sū (chhiūⁿ kóng tē 3 chiuⁿ).
Palm OS

**Palm OS** sī 1 khoán tiàm kò-jîn sò·-ūi chō·-lí (PDA) téng-koân pháng ê chok-gia̍p hē-thóng (OS).  Hiān-chhú-sî sī PalmSource kong-si teh khai-hoat, pun 2 chióng pán-pún, Palm OS Garnet (5.x) kap Palm OS Cobalt (6.x).  PalmSource àn-sǹg PalmOS Cobalt hām Linux kernel kiat-ha̍p.

Thâu-khí-seng sī US Robotics khai-si khai-hoat Palm OS.  Āu--lâi pìⁿ Palm, Inc..  Palm, Inc. thiah-chò PalmSource (nńg-thé) kap palmOne (ngē-thé) liáu-āu tō tī PalmSource ê miâ-gī hā khai-hoat.  Tī 2005 nî PalmSource khì hō· Ji̍t-pún kong-si Access bé--khì.
Saⁿ-hāng thih-lâng

**Saⁿ-hāng thih-lâng** (*triathlon*) sī kóng kiat-ha̍p 3 hāng ūn-tōng chò 1 hāng ê ūn-tōng, hiān-chú-sî toā-hūn sī kiat-ha̍p siû-chúi, khiâ thih-bé kap chaú-sio-jiok.
Chit-má pí-sài lóng sī 1 hāng chiap 1 hāng bô hioh-khùn, sǹg lóng-chóng khai ê sî-kan; oāⁿ saⁿ, oāⁿ ê, téng-téng ê sî-kan lóng sǹg chāi-lāi. Beh kap lâng sio pí-phēng, choan-koàn 1 hāng iáu bô kaù, tio̍h-ài ē-hiáu pó-chûn e-nú-jih ê ki-khiáu, hō͘ aū-piah hāng ê ūn-tōng khah ū tòng-thaû.

Lūi-pia̍t:Su-pò͘-chuh
Cha̍p-chhit-tō͘-soàⁿ

**Cha̍p-chhit-tō͘-soàⁿ** (Oa̍t-lâm-gí: Vĩ tuyến 17) sī 1954 nî Geneva Hia̍p-gī hia̍p-siong--chhut-lâi ê 1 tiâu chiām-sî-te̍k ê kun-sū hun-kài-soàⁿ, tiàm tī Oa̍t-lâm. Chit tiâu soàⁿ tī pak-hūi 17° khah lâm-pêng--chi̍t-sut-á, tāi-iok-á chiàu Ben Hai Khe kiâⁿ, kaù kah Bo Ho Su chit ê chhân-chng, koh ti̍t ti̍t thàng kaù sai-pêng kap Laos sio kau-chiap ê kok-kài.
Hoanya

**Hoanya-cho̍k** sī Tâi-oân ê 1-ê pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k.

In chú-iàu sī tī Tâi-tiong-chhī Bū-hong-khu (霧峰區) í lâm, Tâi-lâm-chhī Sin-iâⁿ-khu (新營區) í pak, khiā tī oá soaⁿ ê pêⁿ-po·, chóng--sī in hām kî-thaⁿ ê pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn kāng-khoán, in-ūi hàn-hoà, taⁿ í-keng chin oh chhoē--ah.

It-poaⁿ ha̍k-chiá koh kā Hoanya-cho̍k hun-chò **Lloa** kap **Arikun** 2-ê ki-cho̍k. 

Hoanya-cho̍k pō·-hūn ê siā tī Chheng-kok Tō-kong (道光) ê sî chhian khì kàu Po·-lí Phûn-tē, só·-í Lâm-tâu mā ū Hoanya-lâng khiā-khí.
Dragostea din Tei

"**Dragostea din Tei**" sī Moldova bú-khek ga̍k-thoân O-Zone siōng chhut-miâ ê tan-khek, 2003 nî tāi-seng tī România hoat-hêng. Keh-tńg-nî chhun-thiⁿ tī Au-chiu kî-thaⁿ só·-chāi mā sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi, sī 2004 nî joa̍h-thiⁿ siōng sêng-kong ê 1 tiâu koa. Siâng hit nî tī Italia mā ū Haiducii ê pán-pún. O-Zone, Haiducii 2 pêng khòng-sò· tùi-hong thau-the̍h in ê chok-phín.

Tī Tâi-oân "Dragostea din Tei" it-poaⁿ hō-chò "**Mai-a-hi**" (嘜阿嘻). Ji̍t-pún kiò "Loân-ài ê Maiahi" (戀のマイアヒ), tī kî-thaⁿ kok-ka mā ū kiò-chò "Mai Ai Hee" (Ma Ya Hi). Kàu-kah 2005 nî choân sè-kài í-keng thòaⁿ-chhut chē-chē-khoán pán-pún, kî-tiong bē-chió-ê sī chhiò-khoe a̍h-sī khau-sé--lâng-ê.

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat
* Kán-kài kiam KUSO
* Kúi-ā-chióng gí-giân pán-pún  (Ji̍t-bûn)
Hi-bāng Soān-chio̍h

**Hi-bāng Soān-chio̍h** (*Hope Diamond*) sī 1 lia̍p toā lia̍p ê khóng-sek soān-chio̍h, hiān-chú-sî khǹg tiàm Bí-kok ê Kok-ka Chū-jiân Le̍k-sú Phok-bu̍t-koán. Thiaⁿ kóng ū chit lia̍p soān-chio̍h ê lâng lóng ē tú tio̍h pháiⁿ tāi-chì. Chí-goā-soàⁿ chhiō ê sî, Hi-bāng ē hoat-chhut lîn-kng (*phosphorescence*). Hi-bāng sǹg sī "IIb hêng" ê soān-chio̍h.
Pak Sydney (Sin Lâm Wales)

**Pak Sydney** (*North Sydney*) sī Australia Sin Lâm Wales ê Sydney ê Pak Shore ê Pak Sydney Chhī-chèng-hú (*North Sydney Council*) koán-lí ê 1 ê kau-khu kiam siong-gia̍p-khu. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-chiu
Ôme Soàⁿ

**Ôme Soàⁿ** (青梅線, おうめせん) sī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ sai-pêng ê 1 tiâu thih-ki-lō͘. I kā Okutama Chhia-thaû (奥多摩駅, おくたまえき) kap Tatikawa Chhia-thaû (立川駅, たちかわえき) chiap chò-hoé, ū koá chhia-pang koh kap Tyûô Pún-soàⁿ (中央本線, ちゅうおうほんせん) sio chiap, ē-tit thàng kaù Tang-kiaⁿ Chhia-thaû. Ôme Soàⁿ sī Tang Ji̍t-pún Lú-kheh Thih-tō ê thih-ki-lō͘ hē-thóng ê 1 pō͘-hūn.
Rainier Soaⁿ

**Rainier Soaⁿ** sī tī Bí-kok Washington Seattle tang-lâm-pêng 84 km ê 1 lia̍p Chiâⁿ-chân hóe-soaⁿ. I sī Cascade Soaⁿ-me̍h siōng koân--ê, ū 4392 m koân, sī 1 ê tē-chit koân-tiám. Ài kaù kah Alaska ê Yukon kap British Columbia kau-kài hia chiah ū koh-khah koân ê soaⁿ.
Rainier Soaⁿ kap i chiu-kīn ê só͘-chāi tō sī Rainier Soaⁿ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g. Rainier Soaⁿ toā-hūn hō͘ seh kap peng-hô khàm tiâu leh, m̄-koh hoé-soaⁿ ê jia̍t hō͘ hoé-soaⁿ-kháu hit iân bô seh mā bô peng. Tē-jia̍t mā tī 2 ê hoé-soaⁿ-kháu tiong-ng hêng-sêng 1 ê peng-tōng.
Chomolangma Hong

**Chomolangma Hong** (Qomolangma Hong) sī Tē-kiû téng-koân siōng koân ê soaⁿ, soaⁿ-niā lâm-pêng sī Nepal, pak-pêng sī Tibet. Tiàm tī Nepal i hō chò **Sagarmatha Hong**. Lēng-goā mā ū lâng kā kiò chò **Everest Hong**, **Sèng-bó Hong**.
Kò-jîn sò͘-ūi chō͘-lí

**Kò-jîn sò‧-ūi chō‧-lí** (Eng-gí: *personal digital assistant*, **PDA**) sī ē-tàng khoè tī chhiú-poâⁿ téng-bīn ê sió-hêng tiān-náu, thâu-khí-seng siat-kè lâi khoán kò-jîn ê chu-liāu, āu--lâi kong-lêng ná lâi ná chē. PDA ki-pún-te̍k ê kong-lêng it-poaⁿ pau-koah hêng-sū-le̍k (*date book*), thong-sìn-lo̍k (kì chū-chí tiān-oē ê phō·-á), bōe-pān kang-chok lia̍t-toaⁿ, kì-sū-pún, sî-cheng, kè-sǹg-ki. Sin-hêng ê PDA mā ū chiūⁿ Internet ê châi-tiāu (keng-kòe Wi-Fi, chhiú-ki bāng-lō·, WAN, téng-téng). PDA ê hó-chhù chāi-tī ē-sái kā toh-á-téng PC ê chu-liāu khó·-pih khì kàu PDA, thang chah leh kiâⁿ, sú-iōng liáu-āu hit-kóa chu-liāu mā ē-tàng koh-chài hām PC chhiâu tùi-tâng (*synchronize*).

## Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
* Palm OS
* Tì-hūi-hêng chhiú-ki
Tiān-naú u-óng

**Tiān-naú u-óng** (*computer worm*) mā hō-chò **tiān-naú thâng**, **tiān-naú lùn-thâng**, sī 1 chióng ē-hiáu ka-tī seⁿ-thoàⁿ ê tiān-naú thêng-sek, kap tiān-naú pēⁿ-to̍k beh oá beh oá. Pēⁿ-to̍k tiāⁿ-tio̍h chhàng tiàm pa̍t-ê thêng-sek lāi-té, u-óng m̄-bián. Pēⁿ-to̍k bē-tàng ka-tī seⁿ-thoàⁿ, u-óng ē-tàng. U-óng ē lī-iōng bāng-lō͘ thoân-sàng tòng-àn ê lêng-le̍k, kā ka-tī khó͘-pih kaù pa̍t-ê hē-thóng, pēⁿ-to̍k ē kā to̍k oè hō͘ kāng hit tâi tiòng-to̍k tiān-naú téng-koân ê tòng-àn.
K2 Hong

**K2 Hong** sī Tē-kiû téng-koân tē 2 koân ê soaⁿ, ū 8,611 m koân, kan-taⁿ su hō͘ Chomolangma Hong. K2 tiàm tī Himalaya Soaⁿ-me̍h ê Karakoram toāⁿ.
Pak-ke̍k

**Pak-ke̍k** (北極), mā kiò **Tē-lí Pak-ke̍k** ia̍h **Tē-kiû Pak-ke̍k**, sī Pak Pòaⁿ-kiû ê chi̍t ê tiám, mā sī Tē-kiû chū-choán ê tiû.

Pak-ke̍k sī Tē-kiû siāng pak ê tiám, tī Lâm-ke̍k ê tùi-bīn. Chia sī pak-hūi 90°, mā sī chin-pak ê hong-hiòng. Tī Pak-ke̍k, só͘-ū hong-hiòng lóng hiòng lâm; só͘-ū ê keng-tō͘ sòaⁿ lóng tī chia hōe-chi̍p, beh kóng chia sī kúi tō͘ tio̍h sī kúi tō͘. Iân hūi-tō͘ sòaⁿ se̍h, ge̍k-sî-chiam sī tang-pêng, sūn-sî-chiam sī sai-pêng. Pak-ke̍k sī Pak Pòaⁿ-kiû ê tiong-sim.

Lâm-ke̍k ūi-tī tāi-lio̍k Lâm-ke̍k-chiu téng-koân, ah Pak-ke̍k ūi-tī Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ ê hái-peng téng-koân, só͘-í beh tī Pak-ke̍k tiám kiàn-chō chi̍t ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t sī bô-khó-lêng--ê. M̄-koh, So͘-liân (taⁿ ê Lō͘-se-a) ùi 1937 nî khai-sí ta̍k-nî tī hia khí-chō phû-peng kì-tiám, ū chi̍t-kóa chiâⁿ óa Pak-ke̍k tiám. Ùi 2002 nî khai-sí, Lō͘-se-a mā ta̍k-nî tī Pak-ke̍k tiám chiu-piⁿ khí-chō kì-tiám, hō-chò Barneo. 2000 nî-tāi ê gián-kiù ī-chhek kóng, bī-lâi ùi 2016 nî khai-sí kàu 21 sè-kí kiat-sok, Pak-ke̍k tī joa̍h-lâng sî peng khó-lêng ē iûⁿ--khì.
To-iūⁿ-thé

**To-iūⁿ-thé** (*manifold*, liû-hêng) sī kā kán-tan ê khong-kan sió oan-khiau--chi̍t-ē koh liâm chò-hoé ê sò͘-ha̍k khong-kan. Khó-pí kóng kā 2 tiâu soàⁿ-koe̍h sió aú hō͘ oan koh kā in ê boé-liu liâm--khí-lâi tō ē pìⁿ-chiâⁿ 1 ê îⁿ. Nā kā 1 tiuⁿ tn̂g-ko-hêng ê choá ê 1 pêng seng tńg 180°, koh kap lēng-goā 1 pêng liâm chò-hoé, tō ē pìⁿ-chiâⁿ 1 ê Möbius îⁿ-toà. To-iūⁿ-thé siōng kài chán ê só͘-chāi tō sī ē-tit ēng khah kán-tan, khah liáu-kái ê khong-kan lâi taù. Ēng bô kāng khoán ê khong-kan chò sò͘-châi, ē-tàng taù bô kāng khoán ê to-iūⁿ-thé chhut--lâi, pí-lūn kóng ūi-siòng to-iūⁿ-thé (*topological manifold*), thang-bî to-iūⁿ-thé (differentiable manifold). To-iūⁿ-thé tī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê iōng-tô͘ chin toā, chhiūⁿ kóng kó͘-tián le̍k-ha̍k (*classical mechanics*) ê siòng khong-kan (*phase space*) kap kóng-gī siong-tùi-lūn (*general relativity*) ê sî-khong (*spacetime*) bô͘-hêng ēng--ê 4D ké Riemann to-iūⁿ-thé lóng sī thang-bî to-iūⁿ-thé.
Hiong-káng Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ

**Hiong-káng Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ** (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH) sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu siōng chú-iàu ê ki-tiûⁿ, khí tiàm Chhek-lia̍p-kak-tó (赤鱲角) téng-koân (Tōa-sū-soaⁿ í-pak), só·-í chāi-tē-lâng mā kā kiò-chò **Chhek-lia̍p-kak Ki-tiûⁿ**. Ki-tiûⁿ ùi 1998 nî khai-sí ūn-chok, hiān-chú-sî 1 tang ū-hoat-tō· chhú-lí 4500-bān-ê lâng kap 300-bān kong-tùn (*ton*) ê hòe. Sī choán-ūn kàu Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k, Tang-a, Tang-lâm-a ê 1-ê mn̂g-chhùi. Kok-thài Hâng-khong ê chú-iàu choán-ūn tiong-sim (*hub*) siat tī hia.
Tiān-khì chó͘-khòng

**Tiān-khì chó͘-khòng** (電氣阻抗, *electrical impedance*) mā kán-chheng chò **chó͘-khòng** (*impedance*), sī ēng lâi tō͘ khoàⁿ chó͘-tòng chiàⁿ-hiân (*sinusoidal*) tiān-liû (*electric current*) ê le̍k-liōng ū joā kiông. Chó͘-khòng ê koan-liām tō sī kā Ohm tēng-lu̍t khok-chhiong, ēng tī AC tiān-lō͘ hun-sek. Tiān-lō͘ (*electric circuit*) ê chó͘-khòng ē-tàng sī ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘, che kap tiān-chó͘ (*electrical resistance*) bô kâng. 1886 nî 7--goe̍h Oliver Heaviside chhòng-chō chó͘-khòng chit ê su̍t-gí.