open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harqin Chó-e̍k Bông-kó͘-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān

**Harqin Chó-e̍k Bông-kó͘-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān** (--左翼蒙古族自治縣, Bông-kó͘-gí: ) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng Tiâu-iông-chhī ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-koān.
Bûn-sèng-khu

**Bûn-sèng-khu** (文聖區) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng Liâu-iông-chhī ê chi̍t ê chhī-hat-khu.
Kiong-tiông-niá-khu

**Kiong-tiông-niá-khu** (弓長嶺區) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng Liâu-iông-chhī ê chi̍t ê chhī-hat-khu.
Tiâu-peng-san-chhī

**Tiâu-peng-san-chhī** (調兵山市) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng Thih-niá-chhī ê chi̍t ê koān-kip-chhī.
Ông Kéng-hông

**Ông Kéng-hông** (王景弘), koh kiò **Ông Kùi-thong** (王貴通), Hok-kiàn Lêng-nâ chhut-sin, sī chi̍t ūi Bêng-tiâu ê thài-kàm, bat chò kòe Lâm-kiaⁿ siú-pī, iā bat chē pái chham Tēⁿ Hô niá chûn-tūi hā se-iûⁿ.
Iam

**Iam** (閹) sī kā tōng-bu̍t ê seⁿ-si̍t-khì koah-tû, he̍k-chiá sī hō͘ i bô-hoat-tō͘ seng-io̍k ê chhiú-tōaⁿ.

Tī lâng ê le̍k-sú siōng, ia̍h-sī tī bô-kāng ê bûn-hòa thé-hē lāi, in-ūi chong-kàu kap siā-hōe su-iàu lóng bat chhut-hiān kòe iam-koah ê hêng-ûi, te̍k-pia̍t sī tī tiong-sè ê Au-chiu, Tiong-kok, Tiong-tang kap Hui-chiu chin chia̍p-khòaⁿ. Tī chiàn-āu, sèng-lī ê chi̍t hong ē thàu-kòe iam-koah tùi-hong lâi piáu-sī ka-kī ê sèng-lī kap siau-jio̍k tùi-hong ê le̍k-liōng, he̍k-chiá sī kā in piàn chò thài-kàm lâu tī kiong-têng lāi ho̍k-sāi kùi-cho̍k.

## Siong-koan
*Kiat-chat
*Put-jīm chhiú-su̍t
Tēⁿ Hô Hā Se-iûⁿ

**Tēⁿ Hô Hā Se-iûⁿ** (鄭和下西洋) sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu chá-kî 1405 nî kàu 1433 nî tiong-kan ê 7 pái liân-sio̍k ê tōa kui-bô͘ oán-iûⁿ hâng-hái, hāⁿ-kòe liáu Tang A tē-khu, Ìn-tō͘ chhù-tāi-lio̍k, A-la-pek poàn-tó kap Tang Hui kok-tē, sī hit-tang-chūn sè-kài siōng kui-bô͘ siōng-kài tōa ê oán-iûⁿ hâng-hái hāng-bo̍k. Ùi 1405 nî kàu 1433 nî, Bêng Sêng-chó͘ bēng-lēng Tēⁿ Hô kap Ông Kéng-hông niá 240-gōa chiah hái-chûn kap 27400 ūi chûn-oân, pài-hóng 30-gōa ê Se Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ kok-ka kap tē-khu. Chit tōaⁿ kî-kan sī Bartolomeu Dias hoat-hiān Hó-bāng-kak ê 70 tang chêng, Christophorus Columbus hoat-hiān Bí-chiu Tāi-lio̍k ê 80 tang chêng. Tēⁿ Hô ê chûn-tūi 7 pái hā Se-iûⁿ ê chóng hâng-têng ū 7-bān-gōa hái-lí, tn̂g-tō͘ chhiau-kòe Tē-kiû îⁿ-chiu ê 3 pōe.

Tēⁿ Hô ê chûn-tūi bat hâng-hêng kàu Tang-hái, Lâm-hái, Thài-kok-oan, se̍h kòe Bâ-la̍k-kak Hái-kiap chìn-ji̍p Andaman Hái kap Bēng-ka-lá Oan, koh se̍h kòe kui-ê Ìn-tō͘ lâm-pō͘ kàu A-la-pek Hái kap Pho-su Oan, jiân-āu ùi Aden Oan chìn-ji̍p Âng Hái. Lēng-gōa, koh ū hâng-hêng kàu Tang Hui ê Madagascar pak-pō͘ hái-he̍k. Pài-hóng liáu 30-gōa ê kok-ka kap tó-sū, pau-hâm Tang-lâm A ê Jiáu-oa, Sumatera, Sulu, Pahang, Kampuchea kap Siam-lô; Ìn-tō͘ ê Kozhikode kap Bēng-ka-lá; A-la-pek poàn-tó ê Aden, Makka, Oman kap Hormuz; Tang Hui ê Mogadishu kap Mozambique. Tēⁿ Hô lām-tūi ê 7 pái oán-iûⁿ hâng-hêng ū 6 pái sī tī Bêng Sêng-chó͘ Éng-lo̍k nî kan (1402 nî kàu 1424 nî) khai-sí, ah chòe-āu chi̍t pái sī tī Bêng Soan-chong Soan-tek goân nî (1425 nî kàu 1435 nî) khai-sí. Thâu 3 pái oán-iûⁿ hâng-hái siōng-hn̄g kàu Ìn-tō͘ se-lâm hái-hōaⁿ ê Kozhikode, ah tē-4 pái siōng-hn̄g kàu Pho-su Oan ê Hormuz Hái-kiap; choè-āu, chûn-tūi bat kiâⁿ kàu A-la-pek poàn-tó kap Tang Hui ê Kenya.

*[[Tēⁿ Hô Hâng-hái Tô͘]]* sī sè-kài hiān-chûn siōng-chá ê hâng-hái tô͘.
Hok-chûn

**Hok-chûn** (福船), he̍k-chiá **Hok-kiàn-chûn** (福建船) kap **Pe̍h-chô** (白艚), sī goân-chū Hok-kiàn ê chi̍t khoán kó͘-chá phâng-chûn.
Soan-hô Hōng-sú Ko-lê Tô͘-keng

***Soan-hô Hōng-sú Ko-lê Tô͘-keng*** (hàn. 宣和奉使高麗圖經; gān. 선화봉사고려도경), kán-chheng ***Ko-lê Tô͘-keng*** (高麗圖經), sī iû Tiong-kok Sòng-tiâu lâng Chhî Keng só͘ siá ê Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó Ko-lê ông-tiâu le̍k-sú-chheh, chóng-kiōng 40 kǹg. Sòng Hui-chong Soan-hô nî kan, Chhî Keng hōng-bēng chhut-sú Ko-lê, tī kok-to͘ Khai-siâⁿ khiā-kha 1 kò-goe̍h, tǹg-khì kàu Tiong-kok liáu-āu, kā só͘ khòaⁿ tio̍h ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ siá chò chit-pún chheh, chìn-hiàn hō͘ hông-tè. Chheh lāi-bīn kì-chài Ko-lê ông-tiâu ê le̍k-sú, chèng-tī chè-tō͘, siā-hōe téng hong-bīn ê chêng-hóng, sī gián-kiù hit-tang-chūn Tiâu-sián poàn-tó le̍k-sú ê tiōng-iàu tù-cho̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiâu-sián ê le̍k-sú-chheh
Hái-tong Chu-kok Kí

***Hái-tong Chu-kok Kí*** (hàn. 海東諸國紀; gān. 해동제국기) sī Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu léng-gī-chèng Sin Siok-chiu pian-siá ê chi̍t phō hàn-bûn chheh, tī 1471 nî oân-sêng. Chheh lāi-bīn tùi 15 sè-kí ê Ji̍t-pún kap Liû-kiû chêng-hóng chìn-hêng liáu siông-sè ê biâu-su̍t.

1443 nî, Sin Siok-chiu chhut-hóng Ji̍t-pún. Tǹg-khì kàu Tiâu-sián liáu-āu, i hōng-bēng kì-lo̍k Ji̍t-pún ê tē-hō-miâ kap kok-chêng téng-téng.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*''Hái-tong Chu-kok Kí'' ê choân-bûn
Têng-pì-lio̍k

***Têng-pì-lio̍k*** (hàn. 懲毖錄; gān. 징비록) sī chi̍t pún Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó ê le̍k-sú-chheh, iû Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu ê koaⁿ-oân Liú Sêng-liông ēng hàn-bûn siá--ê, lōe-iông choan-bûn teh kì-su̍t Tiâu-sián Jîm-sîn Ōe-kok Chiàn-cheng, pēng kiám-thó Tiâu-sián tī chiàn-sū tiong só͘ tit-tio̍h ê kà-sī. Liú Sêng-liông pún-lâng bat chham-ú kòe hit pái ê chiàn-sū, tī *Têng-pì-lio̍k* lāi-bīn hôe-ek hit-tang-chūn ê keng-le̍k, koh siu-lio̍k chi̍t-kóa chiàn-sî ê bûn-su tóng-àn, só͘-í chit-pún chheh sī iú-koan Tiâu-sián Jîm-sîn Ōe-kok Chiàn-cheng kap Tiong-Tiâu-Ji̍t koan-hē-sú ê tiōng-iàu chham-khó chheh.

## Siong-koan
* Liú Sêng-liông
* Jîm-sîn Ōe-kok Chiàn-cheng
* Bān-le̍k Sam Tāi-cheng
* Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu
* Tiâu-sián Soan-chó͘
* Toyotomi Hideyosi
Phó͘-thong-hòa siong-phiau

**Phó͘-thong-hòa siong-phiau** sī chí chi̍t-ê siong-phiau iā pâi-chú hō-miâ, in-ūi thong-sio̍k he̍k-chiá sī oa̍h-hiáⁿ, chiân chò sī chi̍t-ê phó͘-thong iōng-gí, thang ēng lâi chí-miâ kâng lūi sán-phín iā ho̍k-bū.

Tī chi̍t kóa kok-ka, pí-lūn Bí-kok kap Eng-kok, nā chi̍t khoán siong-phiau phó͘-thong-hòa, goân siong-phiau khó-lêng ē sit--khì hoat-lu̍t-siōng teng-kì-chiá to̍k-chiàm khoân-lī ê pó-hō͘.
Ji̍t-séng-lio̍k

***Ji̍t-séng-lio̍k*** (日省錄) sī chi̍t phō Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu ê le̍k-sú-chheh, ùi 1760 nî kàu 1910 nî ûi-chí, kì-lio̍k 150 tang Tiâu-sián le̍k-tāi kok-ông ta̍k-kang ê giân-hêng.

1973 nî 12 goe̍h 12 hō, pī Hân-kok chèng-hú chí-tēng chò kok-pó tē-153 hō, chhiú-chhau-pún lóng-chóng ū 2329 chheh. Hiān-chûn--ê sī ùi 1790 nî khai-sí ê kì-lio̍k. Bo̍k-chiân siu-chông chāi Seoul Tāi-ha̍k. 2011 nî 5 goe̍h pī lia̍t ji̍p Sè-kài Kì-ek Kè-ōe lāi.

## Siong-koan
**[[Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu Si̍t-lio̍k]]*
**[[Sêng-chèng-īⁿ Ji̍t-kì]]*
Spam (pâi-chú)

**Spam**, mā siá chò **SPAM**, sī chi̍t pâi chú-se̍k bah-lūi ê koàn-thâu, chè-chō-chiá sī Bí-kok ê Hormel Si̍t-phín Kong-si (*Hormel Foods Corporation*), tāi-seng tī 1937 nî chhut-phín, keng-kòe tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn ê tōa-liōng chhái-ēng liáu-āu, tī sè-kài chin chē só͘-chāi chai-miâ.

## Siong-phiau
Tāi-khài tī 1970 nî-tāi, *Spam* chit-ê miâ chiâⁿ chò sī chi̍t khoán phó͘-thong-hòa siong-phiau, to̍h sī ta̍k keng kong-si chhut-sán ê koàn-thâu ti-ba̍h sán-phín lóng hō͘ bîn-chiòng chheng chò sī "spam".

## Siong-koan
* Spam (sìn-sek)
Achievement (bûn-chiong-ha̍k)

***Achievement*** (Eng-gí chiàu-jī ì-sù: "sêng-chiū") sī bûn-chiong-ha̍k ê iōng-gí, chí chi̍t khoán pîn-pâi-chiong (*coat of arms*) só͘-ū bûn-chiong-ha̍k pō͘-kiāⁿ cho͘-ha̍p--khí-lâi ê kui cho͘ tián-sī.

Chi̍t thò *achievement*, sī pau-koat liáu tiong-iong pîn-pâi hêng-thé ê *[[escutcheon]]*, kap *[[crest]]*, *[[torse]]*, *[[mantling]]*, *[[helm]]*, *[[coronet]]* iā *[[crown]]*, *[[supporter]]* (khó-lêng koh phòe *[[compartment]]*), hâm bô it-tēng ēng--tio̍h ê *[[motto]]*, *[[order]]*, chham *[[badge]]*.
Merina Ông-kok

**Merina Ông-kok** sī Madagascar téng ê chi̍t ê kó͘-chá kok-ka, iû Merina lâng kiàn-li̍p. Tī 14 sè-kí chho͘-kî sêng-li̍p.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ông-kok
Hoat-kok léng Madagascar

**Hoat-kok léng Madagascar** (Hoat-gí: *Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances*) sī Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok ê chi̍t tè si̍t-bîn-tē; ùi 1897 nî kàu 1958 nî kiat-sok.
Sinhala lâng

**Sinhala lâng** (සිංහල ජාතිය *Sinhala Jathiya*) sī Sri Lanka ê chú-thé bîn-cho̍k, kóng Sinhala-gí. Sri Lanka Tó ê se-lâm-pō͘ chiū sī Sinhala lâng jîn-kháu hun-pò͘ pí-lē siāng-koân ê só͘-chāi. Sinhala lâng chú-iàu ê chong-kàu sìn-gióng sī Sió-sêng Hu̍t-kàu.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sri Lanka
Canada (Sin Hoat-lân-se)

**Hoat-kok léng Canada** sī khah-chá Hoat-kok chèng-khoân tī Pak Bí-chiu Saint Lawrence Kang tē-khu kiàn-li̍p ê chi̍t tè si̍t-bîn-tē. Che sī Sin Hoat-lân-se ê kî-tiong chi̍t tè.
Pink (koa-chhiú)

**Alecia Beth Moore** (), gē-miâ **P!nk**, sī chi̍t ūi Bí-kok ê cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú, chok-khek-ka, bú-chiá kiam ián-oân.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 
*  (Vevo)
*  (Sony)
*
Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok

**Hoat-lân-se si̍t-bîn tè-kok** (*Empire colonial français*) sī Hoat-kok tī 17 sè-kí kàu 1960 nî-tāi tiong-kan só͘ khòng-chè ê chē-chē tè i̍t-bîn-tē. Tī 19 kàu 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî, i chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài tē-jī tōa si̍t-bîn tè-kok, tē-it sī Tāi-eng Tè-kok. Tī 1919 kàu 1939 nî chit-ê tian-hong sî-kî, i hâm-kài 1234.7-bān pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē. Nā-sī kā Hoat-kok pún-thó͘ iā sǹg ji̍p-lâi ê ōe, i-ê biān-chek tiō ū 1289.8-bān pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm sè-kài thó͘-tē chóng biān-chek ê 8.6%. Chia-ê si̍t-bîn-tē tī 20 sè-kí ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á to̍k-li̍p liáu-āu, kàu-taⁿ kan-na pó-liû hun-pò͘ chāi pak Tāi-se-iûⁿ, Carib Hái, Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ, lâm Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kap pak Thài-pêng-iûⁿ kúi pah ê bô-kāng ê tó-sū ia̍h-sī kûn-tó, lēng-gōa iáu-koh ū Hoat-kok léng Lâm-hong kap Lâm-ke̍k Tē-he̍k, chóng biān-chek ū 12.315-bān pêng-hong kong-lí; che sī 1939 nî sî ê 1%.

## Siong-koan
*Hoat-kok Hái-gōa
Se-pan-gâ léng Tang Ìn-tō͘

**Se-pan-gâ léng Tang Ìn-tō͘** (Se-pan-gâ-gí: *Indias Orientales Españolas*) sī kha-chá Se-pan-gâ tī A-sè-a Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tē-khu thóng-tī chhiau-kòe 3 ê sè-kí ê si̍t-bîn-tē, hâm-kài Hui-li̍p-pin Kûn-tó, Mariana Kûn-tó, Caroline Kûn-tó, Maluku Kûn-tó kap Tâi-oân pak-pō͘. Tī 1898 nî Bí-kok Se-pan-gâ Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, tōa-to-sò͘ ê tó-sū lóng hō͘ Bí-kok chiàm-niá, kî-thaⁿ iā tī 1899 nî bē hō͘ Tek-kok.
Skunk

**Skunk** ("su-kóng-kuh") sī chi̍t lūi chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, hun-lūi-ha̍k siōng siong-tōng **Mephitidae** chit kho, in ê te̍k-sek chi it sī ū pàng chhut tòa chhàu-bī e̍k-thé ê lêng-le̍k.
Catalunya Kiōng-hô-kok

**Catalunya Kiōng-hô-kok** (Catalunya-gí: *República Catalunya*) sī Catalunya Gī-hōe tī 2017 nî 10 goe̍h 27 hō soan-pò͘ kiàn-li̍p ê kiōng-hô-chè chú-khoân kok-ka; siú-to͘ tī Barcelona. Kin-kì tī 2017 nî 10 goe̍h chhe 1 kí-pān pēng thong-kòe ê to̍k-li̍p kong-tâu, Catalunya Gī-hōe tī 10 goe̍h 27 hō í 70 phiò chàn-sêng, 10 phiò hoán-tùi, 2 phiò bô-hāu kap 55 phiò khì-khoân, lâi thong-kòe Catalunya to̍k-li̍p soan-giân, chèng-sek soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p kiàn-kok. M̄-koh, Catalunya ê to̍k-li̍p pī Se-pan-gâ chèng-hú khòaⁿ chò sī ûi-hiàn ê hêng-ûi.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Catalunya Chèng-hú 
* Catalunya Gī-hōe

Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu kok-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Catalunya to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng
Sin Hoat-lân-se

**Sin Hoat-lân-se** (hoat. *Nouvelle-France*) sī khah-chá Hoat-kok tī Pak Bí-chiu ê chi̍t tè si̍t-bîn-tē. Pak-pêng ùi Hudson Oan khai-sí, kàu lâm-pêng ê Be̍k-se-ko Oan, hâm-kài Sèng Lawrence Kang kap Mississippi Kang liû-he̍k; ōe chò Canada, Acadia, Newfoundland kap Louisiana 4 ê khu-he̍k.

## Siong-koan
*Montréal
*Québec
*Charlesbourg-Royal
*Saint-Pierre kap Miquelon


Lūi-pia̍t:Canada ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Hoat-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Kū Hoat-kok si̍t-bîn-tē
Clyde and Willis

**Clyde and Willis** sǐ Bí-kok ê tōng-oē, goân chok-chiá sī Andrew Wilson, chi̍t-gê báng-gah. Siāng chá sī tī YouTube hòng-sàng. Chit-ê tōng-oē sin khai-pò͘ chai it--goe̍h sam-it hō 2017. Chit-ê tōng-oē sǐ koan-î nňg gê hó-pêng-iú, Clyde hê Willis. Tha-bûn khì it-sia hong-kông tek mō͘-hiám.

*Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ . Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.*

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok bûn-hòa
2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò

**2017 nî Catalunya to̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò** tī 2017 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kí-hêng, lâi koat-tēng Catalunya kám beh thoat-lī Se-pan-gâ to̍k-li̍p. Chit-pái kong-tâu iû Catalunya Chū-tī-khu Chèng-hú giâ-thâu, keng-kòe Chū-tī-khu Gī-hōe he̍k-chún liáu-āu kí-pān. Se-pan-gâ Chèng-hú kin-kì hiàn-hoat hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ-koat jīn-tēng chit-pái kong-tâu sī hui-hoat--ê, kī-choa̍t sêng-jīn tâu-phiò ê kiat-kó, mā tōng-iōng kong-khoân-le̍k chó͘-chí kong-tâu chìn-hêng. Sui-jiân tâu-phiò-lu̍t kan-na 43%, tān-sī Catalunya hong-bīn tāi-seng thàu-kòe siu-hoat kā kong-tâu kái chò siong-tùi to-sò͘-koat, só͘-í í chàn-sêng phiò 204-bān tiuⁿ, iok chiàm tit-phiò-lu̍t 92.01% lâi thong-kòe kong-tâu. Catalunya Chū-tī-khu Chèng-hú tī gī-hōe jīn-khó tâu-phiò kiat-kó liáu-āu chū-hêng tī 10 goe̍h 27 hō soan-pò͘ Catalunya to̍k-li̍p, kiàn-li̍p Catalunya Kiōng-hô-kok.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*Catalan independence referendum, 2017
*Catalonia Votes 
*Opinion Studies Center 

Lūi-pia̍t:To̍k-li̍p kong-bîn tâu-phiò
Kòe-hiān-si̍t-chú-gī

**Kòe-hiān-si̍t-chú-gī** (Eng-gí: *hyperrealism*) sī chi̍t lūi kòe-ōe kap tiau-khek-kài ê gē-su̍t khoán-chè, te̍k-pia̍t choan-kang tī óa-kīn koân-kái-siōng-tō͘ (*high-resolution*) siòng-phìⁿ ê ōe-bīn. Tang-tiong te̍k-pia̍t oa̍h-hiáⁿ--ê, sī 1970 nî-tāi tī Bí-kok kap Au-chiu hoat-tián ê chi̍t kái gē-su̍t ūn-tōng.

## Siong-koan
* Siòng-phìⁿ hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (*photorealism*)
* Sin hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (*new realism*)
Carles Puigdemont

**Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó** () sī Catalunya ê chi̍t ūi chèng-tī-ka, chhap chèng-tī chìn-chêng bat chò kòe kì-chiá, tī 2016 nî 1 goe̍h 12 hō kàu 2017 nî 10 goe̍h 27 hō tam-jīm Catalunya Chèng-hú Chú-sek. 2017 nî 10 goe̍h 27 hō, Catalunya Gī-hōe chèng-sek thong-kòe kiàn-kok kong-tâu, Puigdemont chiâⁿ-chò Catalunya Kiōng-hô-kok ê tē-it jīm kok-ka goân-siú.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
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A-sè-a Thài-pêng-iûⁿ

**A-sè-a Thài-pêng-iûⁿ**, he̍k-chiá **A-Thài tē-khu**, sī se Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tē-khu chiu-piⁿ kok-ka kap tó-sū.

### [[Tang A-chiu]]
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### [[Tiong A-chiu]]
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### [[Tang-lâm A-chiu]]
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### [[Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu]]
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* Bougainville
* Sèng-tàn-tó
* Cocos (Keeling) Kûn-tó
* Koh-oa̍h-cheh-tó
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* Midway Khoân-chiau (Bí-kok)
* Johnston Khoân-chiau (Bí-kok)
* Howland-tó (Bí-kok)
* Palmyra Khoân-chiau (Bí-kok)
* Kingman-chiau (Bí-kok)
* Jarvis-tó (Bí-kok)
* Baker-tó (Bí-kok)
* (Ò-chiu)
* (Ò-chiu)
* (Ò-chiu)
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* Isla Salas y Gómez (Chile)
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* Wake-tó (Bí-kok)
* Sai Papua
### [[Lâm A-chiu]]
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### [[Sai A-chiu]]
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* Kurdistan
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Mikhail Lomonosov

**Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: Михаи́л Васи́льевич Ломоно́сов; ) sī chi̍t ūi Lō͘-se-a ê hòa-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka kiam si-jîn, iā sī Lō͘-se-a chū-jiân kho-ha̍k ê khai-ki-chiá.
Lisa Ono

**Lisa Ono** (), Ji̍t-pún-miâ **Ono Risa** (), sī tī Pa-se chhut-sì ê Ji̍t-pún-lâng cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú.
Supporter

**Supporter** (Eng-gí ì-sù: "chi-chhî-chiá") sī bûn-chiong-ha̍k siōng só͘ kóng khǹg tī pîn-pâi siang pêng piáu-hiān hû-chhî pîn-pâi ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.

Chit-ê hāng-bo̍k tāi-khài sī kàu 15 sè-kí bóe chiah liû-hêng--ê, jî-chhiá kàu 17 sè-kí ûi-chí, iáu bô hông sǹg chò sī goân-chéng bûn-chiong-ha̍k *[[achievement]]* ê chi̍t hūn.
Kokang Chū-tī-khu

**Kokang Chū-tī-khu** (, ) sī Myanmar ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-khu, hú-siâⁿ tī Laukkai.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Kokang
*Kokang-cho̍k

Lūi-pia̍t:Bián-tiān ê chū-tī-khu
Punjab

**Punjab** sī Lâm-a ê chi̍t ê tē-khu, kin-á-ji̍t sio̍k Ìn-tō͘ ê Punjab Pang, Haryana kap Himachal Pradesh, Pakistan ê Punjab Séng.

## Koh khoàⁿ
* Punjab (Ìn-tō͘)
* Punjab (Pakistan)
* Punjab-gí
Tōa-chhiū (Tōa-chhiū-khu)

**Tōa-chhiū** (大樹) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Tōa-chhiū-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng.

## Tē-lí
Pún tē-hng tī Tōa-chhiū-khu ê tiong-pō͘.

## Le̍k-sú
Tōa-chhiū tī 1935 nî ê sî ū jîn-kháu 1308 lâng, tong-sî sio̍k Hōng-soaⁿ-khu Tōa-chhiū-chng koán-lāi.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
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Chng-á-iô

**Chng-á-iô** (磚子瑤) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Tōa-liâu-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng.

## Tē-lí
Pún tē-hng tī Tōa-liâu-khu ê pak-pō͘.

## Le̍k-sú
Chng-á-iô tī 1935 nî ê sî ū jîn-kháu 1542 lâng, tong-sî sio̍k Hōng-soaⁿ-kūn Tōa-liâu-chng koán-lāi.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
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Chiàn-hoah

**Chiàn-hoah** (Eng-gí: *battle cry*) sī chí chiàn-tò͘ tang-tiong ê hoah siaⁿ ia̍h chhiùⁿ siaⁿ, te̍k-pia̍t sī chí chham-chiàn thoân-thé chò-hóe hoah--ê. Chiàn-hoah ū ín-chhōa ài-kok iā chong-kàu chêng-kám ê ēng-tô͘, mā ū ka-kiông pō͘-tūi chhim-hoān-sèng, cheng-sîn iā sī bú-jio̍k te̍k-kun ê chok-iōng.
Daenam Tāi-lō͘

**Daenam Tāi-lō͘** (, Hàn-jī: 台南大路) sī Hân-kok Gwangju Kóng-he̍k-chhī ê chi̍t ê Tāi-tō, miâ chhú-chū Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī, chóng-tn̂g 4.916 kong-lí, kiōng 8 tiâu chhia-tō. Daenam Tāi-lō͘ goân kiò-chò Daenam Lō͘ (台南路, ), ūi-tio̍h kí-liām 1968 nî Gwangju, Tâi-lâm kiat liáu ché-mōe-chhī, mā-sī Tâi-oân tī Tâi-lâm-chhī An-pêng Kang-gia̍p-khu (安平工業區) tang-pêng an Kong-chiu-lō͘ (光州路).

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-lâm-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok
Lūi-pia̍t:Chhia-lō͘
Tâi-oân-lō͘ (Chiang-chiu)

**Tâi-oân-lō͘** (台灣路) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Chiang-chiu-chhī Hiong-siâⁿ-khu ê chi̍t-tiâu tī Kiú-liông-kang khe-á-kîⁿ ê Tang-sai ke tō. Thiaⁿ-kóng chit kó͘-ke chiūⁿ goân-chá kài liû-hêng Pò͘-tē-hì, Koa-á-hì, Ka-lé-hì téng-téng hì-chhut, Tâi-oân tong-sî tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, chin-chē-lâng bē giàn chhiâⁿ-chò kē-kip jîn-bîn ê Tâi-oân-lâng kap Phêⁿ-ô͘-lâng poaⁿ-sóa chia, chia kah Tâi-oân chiok sio-siāng, chiū ín-hoat sù-hiong chi chêng, kú--lâi kā chia kiò-chò Tâi-oân-lō͘. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiang-chiu-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tō-lō͘
Duang

**Duang** (Chù-im: ㄉㄨㄤ) sī chi̍t-ê bāng-lō͘ meme, chhut-chū tùi Hiong-káng tāi-giân-jîn Sêng-liông ê Pà-ông sé-hoat-cheng kóng-kò ê kuso.
 
Lūi-pia̍t:Bāng-lō͘ meme
Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-jī
Tōa-chhiū (khu-pia̍t)

**Toā-chhiū** ū khó-lêng sī:

* Tōa-chhiū-khu: Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī ê chi̍t-ê khu.
* Tōa-chhiū (Tōa-chhiū-khu): Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Tōa-chhiū-khu ê chi̍t-ê só͘-chāi.
* Tōa-chhiū-lí
** Tōa-chhiū-lí (Tōa-chhiū-khu): Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Tōa-chhiū-khu ê chi̍t-ê lí.
** Tōa-chhiū-lí (Thô-hn̂g-khu): Tâi-oân Thô-hn̂g-chhī Thô-hn̂g-khu ê chi̍t-ê lí.
Poàn-tó Chiàn-cheng

**Poàn-tó Chiàn-cheng** sī 1807 nî kàu 1814 nî kan Napoleon ê tè-kok kap Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok, Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok kiam Phû-tô-gâ Ông-kok ê tông-bêng chi kan ūi khòng-chè Iberia Poàn-tó só͘ jiá khí ê chiàn-sū, sǹg sī Napoleon Chiàn-cheng ê chi̍t hūn.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koan-sia̍p tio̍h Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê chiàn-cheng
Tiō C

**Tiō C** (赵C), , Tiong-kok Kang-sai Eng-thâm-lâng, lâm-sèng. Lāu-pē Tiō Chì-êng (赵志荣) sī chi̍t-miâ lu̍t-su, sái-iōng chi̍t-ê eng-bûn jī-bó C chok gín-á ê miâ.

## Chù-kak





Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-thâm-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-miâ
C
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok jîn-bu̍t
Lán-lâng-ōe (Hui-li̍p-pin)

**Lán-lâng-ōe** sī Hui-li̍p-pin chāi-tē ê Hok-kiàn-ōe, tī Tagalog-gí thang kóng *Lan Lang*, sǹg sī Bân-lâm-gí ê chi̍t-ê hun-chi.

Tī Hui-li̍p-pin, Lán-lâng-ōe koh saⁿ-lām Tagalog-gí kap Eng-gí kiam kî-tha giân-gí, sán-seng chi̍t khoán kiò "Saⁿ-lām-chham-ōe" (*Sa-lam-tsam oe*) ê hùn-ha̍p giân-gí, tī Eng-gí hō chò *[[Hokaglish]]*.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bân-lâm-gí
Ūn-tōng

**Ūn-tōng** khó-lêng ê ì-sù ū:

## Siā-hōe
* Su-sióng iā si̍t-chok ê oa̍h-tāng, thui-sak, iā chú-tiuⁿ:
** Siā-hōe ūn-tōng
** Chèng-tī ūn-tōng
** Gē-su̍t ūn-tōng
** Soán-kí ūn-tōng

## Sin-thé
* Liān-sin-thé, sin-thé ê ūn-tōng.
* Su-pó͘-chuh, ū it-tēng kui-chek ê kēng-cheng iā piáu-ián oa̍h-tāng, pau-koat tì-le̍k-sèng--ê, pí-lūn kiâⁿ-kî.
* Thé-io̍k, chhau-liān sin-thé kiam ha̍k-si̍p siong-koan tì-sek ê kàu-io̍k oa̍h-tāng.

## Bu̍t-lí
* Ūn-tōng (bu̍t-lí-ha̍k)
Tiong-ûn (Bi-long-khu)

**Tiong-ûn** (中坛) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Bî-long-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng.

## Tē-lí
Pún tē-hng tī Bî-long-khu ê tiong-pō͘.

## Le̍k-sú
Tiong-ûn tī 1935 nî ê sî ū jîn-kháu 4096 lâng, tong-sî sio̍k Kî-san-kūn Bî-lông-chng koán-lāi.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
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Chhiú-kin-liâu

**Chhiú-kin-liâu** (手巾寮) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Kî-san-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng.

## Tē-lí
Pún tē-hng tī Kî-san-khu ê tang-pō͘.

## Le̍k-sú
Chhiú-kin-liâu tī 1935 nî ê sî ū jîn-kháu 932 lâng, tong-sî sio̍k Kî-san-kūn Kî-san-ke koán-lāi.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
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Tē-it-chhù Balkan Chiàn-cheng

**Tē-it-chhù Balkan Chiàn-cheng** sī 1912 nî 10 goe̍h kàu 1913 nî 5 goe̍h kî-kan Balkan Lih-guh (hâm Bulgaria Ông-kok, Serbia Ông-kok, Hi-lia̍p Ông-kok kap Montenegro Ông-kok) tùi-khòng Osman Tè-kok ê chiàn-sū.
Tín-tāng

Tī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, **tín-tāng** (eng. *motion*) ia̍h **ūn-tōng** (ji̍t. 運動) sī chi̍t hāng bu̍t-thé keng-kòe sî-kan hoat-seng ê ūi-tì kái-piàn. Ūn-tōng ē-tàng ēng ōaⁿ-ūi (*displacement*), kū-lî (*distance*), sok-tō͘ (*velocity*), ka-sok-tō͘, sî-kan kap sok-le̍k (*speed*) chiá ê sêng-hun lâi kì-su̍t.
Ogawa Naoyosi

**Ogawa Naoyosi** (; ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê giân-gí-ha̍k-chiá, i te̍k-pia̍t choan-bûn tī Tâi-gí kiam Tâi-oân chāi-tē giân-gí, sī *[[Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián]]* ê phian-chhip.

## Tù-tsok

*『日台小辭典』（1897；和上田萬年共著） 
*『日台大辭典』（台灣總督府編、1907）  
*『パイワン語集』（台灣總督府編、1930）  
*『アタヤル語集』（台灣總督府編、1931） 
*『臺日大辭典』（台灣總督府編、上：1931、下：1932） 
*『アミ語集』（台灣總督府編、1933） 
*『原語による台灣高砂族傳說集』（台北帝國大學言語學研究室編、1935；和淺井惠倫共同調査） 
*『新訂日台大辭典』（台灣總督府編、1938上卷刊行） 

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*アジア・アフリカ(亞非)言語文化研究所編　『小川尚義・浅井恵倫台湾資料研究』（2005） ISBN 4-87297-900-1

## Guā-pōo lên-ket
*1947年11月20日，臺灣語言學之父小川尚義逝世  
*小川尚義   
*改變臺灣的日本人系列：編纂日本首部臺語辭典的小川尚義  
*台灣語言學之父－小川尚義
Habsburg Se-pan-gâ

**Habsburg Se-pan-gâ** (Se-pan-gâ-gí: *Habsburgos españoles*) sī Se-pan-gâ tī 1506 nî kàu 1700 nî tiong-kan iû Habsburg ka-cho̍k thóng-tī ê sî-tāi.

## Siong-koan
*Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê le̍k-sú
Pang-kok

**Pang-kok** (Eng-gí: *state*; óa-im: "su-tè-toh") sī chi̍t-ê chèng-tī-thé. Chi̍t khoán tēng-gī sī ū kiông-chè-le̍k ê chèng-tī cho͘-chit, hâm chi̍t-ê tiong-iong chèng-hú thang pó-chhî tī it-tēng tē-lí léng-thó͘ tang-tiōng to̍k-chiàm bú-le̍k sú-iōng ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng.

## Iōng-gí pí-kàu
Chham-chiàu chi̍t kóa koan-liân ê Eng-gí iōng-gí, *state* chit jī ū kok-ka ê ì-sù, chóng-sī khah choan-bûn tī chèng-tī ki-koan ê pō͘-hūn. Khah phó͘-thong ê iōng-gí *country*, sī khah óa tē-lí-siōng chi̍t-ê thang kah pa̍t-ūi khu-pia̍t ê só͘-chāi ê ì-sù; nā *nation* sī khah koan-sim tī chi̍t tīn lâng ê ì-sù.

## Liân-pang-chè ē-té ê pang-kok
Chi̍t kóa liân-pang, pí-lūn Bí-kok, in ē-té ê kò-pia̍t pang hūn mā sǹg sī kok-ka, in cho͘-sêng liân-pang ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Chia ê kok-ka ū pō͘-hūn ê chú-khoân pun hō͘ liân-pang chèng-hú. Tī Eng-gí, oân-choân to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka kap liân-pang hē-thóng ē-té ê kok-ka lóng thang hō chò *state*, chong-sī chi̍t kóa Tang-iûⁿ giân-gí tiāⁿ te̍k-pia̍t kā Bí-kok liân-pang ē-té ê *state* hoan-e̍k chò "chiu" (州).

## Chham-chiàu

## Siong-koan
* Bîn-cho̍k (*nation*)
* Kok-ka (*country*)
Kok-ka (khu-pia̍t)

**Kok-ka** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Thong-sio̍k ê kok-ka, tē-lí kiam chèng-tī khu-he̍k, chèng-tī tē-ūi bô it-tēng.
* Pang-kok (*state*), chèng-hú hē-thóng lí-lō͘ lāi-bīn ê chú-khoân iā hui chú-khoân chèng-tī-thé.
* Bîn-cho̍k (*nation*), chi̍t kûn lâng cho͘-sêng ê kiōng-tông-thé.

## Siong-koan
* Kok
Taeksi Woonjunsa

***Taeksi Woonjunsa*** (택시운전사; "Kè-têng-chhia Su-ki" he̍k "Tek-sū Ūn-choán-sū") sī chi̍t chhut tī 2017 nî hoat-piáu ê Hân-kok tiān-iáⁿ, iû Song Kang-ho, Thomas Kretschmann, Yoo Hae-jin kap Ryu Jun-yeol téng chú-iáⁿ. Tiān-iáⁿ ê lōe-iông kóng-su̍t 1980 nî 5 goe̍h 18 hō Hân-kok Gwangju Bîn-chú-hòa Ūn-tōng kî-kan, chi̍t ūi lâi-chū Seoul ê kè-têng-chhia su-ki ūi-tio̍h chhia-chîⁿ bō͘-hiám chài Tek-kok kì-chiá Jürgen Hinzpeter khì Gwangju ê kò͘-sū.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* ''Taeksi Woonjunsa''
Bí-kok liân-pang hêng-chèng pō͘-bûn

**Bí-kok liân-pang hêng-chèng pō͘-bûn** (Eng-gí: *United States federal executive departments*) sī Bí-kok liân-pang chèng-hú lāi iû chóng-thóng chí-hui ê hêng-chèng ki-koan. Kî-tiong pau-hâm le̍k-sú siāng kú-tn̂g ê chú-iàu tan-ūi: Kok-bū Pō͘, Chiàn-cheng Pō͘ (taⁿ Kok-hông Pō͘ ê chiân-sin) kap Châi-chèng Pō͘ lóng tī 1789 nî chìn-chêng tiō í-keng sêng-li̍p ah. Liân-pang kok hêng-chèng pō͘-bûn ê chòe-ko siú-tiúⁿ lóng kiò chò pō͘-tiúⁿ (*secretary*), iā sī Bí-kok lōe-koh ê sêng-oân. Ùi 1792 nî khai-sí, kin-kì liân-pang hoat-àn, in chó͘-sêng tī Bí-kok chóng-thóng kap hù-chóng-thóng in-ūi sū-kò͘ hoat-seng khang-ūi sî ê kè-sêng sūn-sī, pâi tī Bí-kok Chiòng-gī-īⁿ Gī-tiúⁿ kap Bí-kok Chham-gī-īⁿ Lîm-sî Gī-tiúⁿ āu-piah.

## Pō͘-bûn

## Siong-koan
*Bí-kok chèng-hú
**Bí-kok lōe-koh
**Bí-kok chèng-hú ê to̍k-li̍p ki-koan
Terry Jones

**Terence Graham Parry Jones** (1942 nî 2 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Ui-le̍k-sū ê ián-oân, chok-ka, chhiò-khoe-ka, kio̍k-pún chok-ka kiam tiān-ián kàm-tok. I sī Monty Python chhiò-khoe cho͘-ha̍p ê sêng-oân.
Edward Jenner

**Edward Jenner** (1749 nî 5 goe̍h 17 – 1823 nî 1 goe̍h 26) sī Eng-lân ê i-seng kiam kho-ha̍k-ka, si thian-jiân-tō͘ e̍k-chu khai-hoat ê sian-chìn.
Donald Knuth

**Donald Ervin Knuth** () sī Bí-kok ê tiān-náu kho-ha̍k-ka kiam sò͘-ha̍k-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-náu kho-ha̍k-ka
Taiwan Jones

**Taiwan Astie Eric Jones** () sī chi̍t-miâ Bí-kok-sek kha-kiû tūi-oân. In ê ūi-tì ûi kak-ōe kap pháu-hong.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok-sek kha-kiû 
Lūi-pia̍t:Ūn-tōng soán-chhiú
Kin-nî ê Hàn-jī

**Kin-nî ê Hàn-jī** (, Kotosi no Kanzi) sī Ji̍t-pún Hàn-jī Lêng-la̍t Kiám-tēng Hia̍p-hōe (), 1995 nî khí, ta̍k-nî kā Ji̍t-pún Choân-kok teng chi̍t-ê tāi-pió-sèng Hàn-jī. Tâu-phiò soán-chhut ê tāi-pió-sèng Hàn-jī ē tī 12 go̍eh 12 ji̍t (Hàn-jī-ji̍t) î Kiaⁿ-to͘-chhī Kiyomizu-dera kong-pò͘.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún bûn-hòa‎
Lūi-pia̍t:Chióng‎
Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-jī‎
Hase Seisyû

**Hase Seisyû** (馳星周,  ), pún-miâ sī **Bandô Tosihito** (坂東齢人), sī Ji̍t-pún sió-soat-ka. In-ūi I sī Chiu Seng-tî ê iáⁿ-bê, chiū-án-ne kā Chiu Seng-tî ê miâ-jī siá tò-péng, chok I ê pit-miâ. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún siáu-soat-ka‎
Akamatu Tyûgaku

**Akamatu Tyûgaku** (赤松中学) sī Ji̍t-pún Khin-sió-soat-ka, Bān-ōe goân-chok-chiá, phian-kio̍k. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún siáu-soat-ka‎
Hobbit

**Hobbit** sī tī J. R. R. Tolkien ê hoàn-sióng sió-soat lāi chhut-hiān ê chi̍t chióng hi-kò͘ chéng-cho̍k. In-ê thé-hêng sè-iūⁿ, tān m̄-sī é-lâng.

Kin-kì Tolkien ê biâu-su̍t, Hobbit sī lâng ê chi̍t chióng piàn-chéng, he̍k-chiá kóng sī lâng ê hun-chi, m̄-koh Hobbit siong-sìn in ka-kī sī to̍k-li̍p ê chéng-cho̍k. Hobbit tòa tī Tiong-thó͘ sai-pak-pō͘ ê Shire kap Bree téng só͘-chāi. Hobbit tī *[[The Hobbit]]* lāi tē-it pái chhut-hiān, tī *[[Chhiú-chí Ông]]* lāi pān-iáⁿ tio̍h tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek; tī *[[The Silmarillion]]* lāi iā ū kóng tio̍h.

## Hobbit ê jîn-bu̍t

*Bilbo Baggins
*Frodo Baggins
*Samwise Gamgee
*Meriadoc Brandybuck
*Peregrin Took
*Fredegar Bolger
*Rosie Cotton
*Elanor Gardner
*Gollum
*Déagol

Lūi-pia̍t:J. R. R. Tolkien
Congo Hô

**Congo Hô** sī Hui-chiu lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan, lâu keng-koè Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok, Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok, Gabon, Congo Kiōng-hô-kok, Rwanda, Tanzania kap Zambia.
Niger Hô

**Niger Hô** sī Hui-chiu sai-pō͘ ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan, lâu keng-koè Guinea, Mali, Niger, Benin kap Nigeria.
Zambezi Hô

**Zambezi Hô** sī Hui-chiu lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan, lâu keng-koè Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe kap Mozambique.
Yukon Hô

**Yukon Hô** sī Pak Bí-chiu ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan, lâu keng-koè Canada ê Yukon kap Bí-kok ê Alaska.
Paraná Hô

**Paraná Hô** sī Lâm Bí-chiu ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan, lâu keng-koè Argentina, Pa-se kap Paraguay.
Chîⁿ-tn̂g-kang

**Chîⁿ-tn̂g-kang** (錢塘江), kó͘-chá kiò choè **Chiat-kang** (浙江) ia̍h **Chi-kang** (之江), sī Tiong-kok lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan.
Tùi Hui-chiu ê Sio-cheⁿ

**Tùi Hui-chiu ê Sio-cheⁿ** sī chí Au-chiu sè-le̍k tī 1881 nî kàu 1913 nî kan Sin Tè-kok-chú-gī sî-tāi chiam-tùi Hui-chiu léng-thó͘ ê chiàm-niá, hun-koah, kap si̍t-bîn-tē-hòa.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Pēⁿ-īⁿ

**Pēⁿ-īⁿ** (病院) sī chi̍t khoán kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ ki-koan, thê-kiong chiam-tùi tī-liâu hoān-chiá só͘ su-iàu ê choan-gia̍p i-ha̍k kap khàn-hō͘ jîn-oân kiam i-ha̍k chong-pī.
Eric Idle

**Eric Idle** (1943 nî 3 goe̍h 29 chhut-sì) sī Eng-lân ê chhiò-khoe-ka, ián-oân, kiam chok-ka, im-ga̍k-ka. I sī chhiò-khoe cho͘-ha̍p Monty Python ê sêng-oân.
Fridtjof Nansen

**Fridtjof Nansen** () sī Ná-ui ê thàm-hiám-ka, kho-ha̍k-ka, kiam gōa-kau-ka, jîn-tō-chiá. I pat tit tio̍h Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
Khe-chiu (Kî-san-khu)

**Khe-chiu** (溪洲) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Kî-san-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng.

## Tē-lí
Pún tē-hng tī Kî-san-khu ê tiong-pō͘.

## Le̍k-sú
Khe-chiu tī 1935 nî ê sî ū jîn-kháu 5869 lâng, tong-sî sio̍k Kî-san-kūn Kî-san-ke koán-lāi.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
*
Khe-chiu (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

**Khe-chiu** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Khe-chiu-hiong (Chiong-hòa-koān)
* Lâm-chiu-hiong kū hō-miâ
* Khe-chiu (Kî-san-khu)
Ka-tang-ô͘

**Ka-tang-ô͘** (茄苳湖) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Sam-nâ-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng.

## Tē-lí
Pún tē-hng tī Sam-nâ-khu ê sai-pak-pō͘.

## Le̍k-sú
Ka-tang-ô͘ tī 1935 nî ê sî ū jîn-kháu 953 lâng, tong-sî sio̍k Kî-san-kūn Sam-nâ-chng koán-lāi.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
*
Chiàn-chhia

**Chiàn-chhia** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Chiàn-chhia (bé-chhia)
* Tank
* Chi̍t kóa chong-kah-chhia kap kun-iōng-chhia
Roy Halladay

**Harry Leroy Halladay III** (), sió-miâ **Roy Halladay**, tī Bí-kok Colorado Denver chhut-sì, sī MLB Toronto Blue Jays kap Philadelphia Phillies ê chêng tâu-chhiú. I tī 2003 nî ê sî-chūn tit-tio̍h Cy Young Chióng, hit-ê sài-kùi ê sêng-chek sī 22 sèng 7 pāi, hông-gī-lu̍t 3.25, sam-chín 204 kái. I tī MLB ū 9 pái oân-tâu ê kì-lio̍k, tī Bí-kok Liân-bêng lāi pâi tē-it.

2010 nî 5 goe̍h 30 hō, Halladay tī chhut-chiàn Miami Marlins ê pí-sài tiong, tâu chhut MLB le̍k-sú siōng ê tē-20 pái oân-choân pí-sài.

2017 nî 11 goe̍h 7 hō, Halladay sí tī su-jîn hui-hêng-ki ê sū-kò͘ tiong.
Twiggy

**Twiggy** (1949 nî 9 goe̍h 19 ji̍t chhut-sì), pún-miâ **Lesley Lawson** (gôaⁿ-sèⁿ *Hornby*), sī Pak Lûn-tun chhut-sin ê model. I chū 1966 nî to̍h khai-sí model ê sū-gia̍p, sī chá-kî thang chiâⁿ chò bêng-liû ê model chi it.

## Chhut-sin
Lesley Hornby tī 1966 nî chìn-chêng sī chi̍t ūi bí-iông-sai (*hairdresser*), tong-sî chêng bo̍k-sìn-guh soán-chhiú Nigel Davies thè Hornby kái miâ kiam ōaⁿ khóaⁿ, koh thê-kiong hòa-chong ê kiàn-gī. Siá-chin-ka Barry Lategan thè Hornby ho̍k-bū ê bí-iông salon hi̍p-siōng, tè-bé siòng-phìⁿ hō͘ sî-sek pian-chi̍p Deirdre McSharry khòaⁿ--tio̍h.

Tī 1966 nî 2 goe̍h hō ê *Daily Express*, Twiggy to̍h tī téng-bīn tāi-piáu chi̍t ūi "’66 nî ê Bīn-siōng" chhut-hiān.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Tweed

**Tweed** sī chi̍t khoán ēng wool (iûⁿ-mn̂g khoán mô͘-liāu) chè-chok ê pháng-chit-bu̍t. Tweed goân chū So͘-kat-lân tī 19 sè-kí chá-kî ê iûⁿ-mn̂g sán-gia̍p.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Bī-lâi-phài

**Bī-lâi-phài** (ita. *Futurismo*; eng. *Futurism*), he̍k-chiá kóng **Bī-lâi-chú-gī**, sī 20 sè-kí chá-kî tùi Italia hoat-goân ê chi̍t hāng gē-su̍t kiam siā-hōe ūn-tōng. In chù-tiōng sok-le̍k, ki-su̍t, chhin-chhun, po̍k-le̍k, kap pí-lūn chū-tōng-chhia, hui-hêng-ki, kang-gia̍p siân-chhī téng mi̍h. Bī-lâi-phài tùi kòe-ōe, tiau-khek, hûi-gē, tô͘-ōe siat-kè, kang-gia̍p siat-kè, sek-lāi siat-kè, tō͘-chhī siat-kè, hì-kio̍k, iáⁿ-hì, sî-sek, phang-chit bûn-ha̍k, im-ga̍k, kiàn-tio̍k, kap liāu-lí tēng hun-iá lóng ū éng-hióng.

Francesco Filippini sī chi̍t ê hō͘ Umberto Boccioni tī chhōe-té hoat-jîn ê chōe-chhī ê chún-im in-su. I tī Lombardia tē-hng ê nông-chhōe keng-iông ê hoat-hāu — ū chi̍t tōa hêng-pó͘ chò͘-chūn, lín-bí seng-lí tī chhù-hāi ê só͘-chōe, kap ū hō͘ng-hêng chi̍t-chhī ê chōe-chhī — hō͘ Boccioni chhōe-té lêng-bîn ê píng-chhó bûn-pún, hō͘ i ū chi̍t ê chiàn-hêng tē-hiong kap si̍t-chì ê hun-bó͘.

Tī 1903 hō͘ 1908 ê kì-kan, Boccioni bē-tio̍h liân-ket Futurismo chhiūⁿ, i kā chi̍t ê chiàn-hêng tē-hiong kiat-chhut, bē chhiūⁿ chi̍t chhōe post-Scapigliatura naturalismo ê chhiong-hêng, Filippini sī chhit-chhōe chhòng-in.

Chhiūⁿ Enrico Crispolti sī gún-tēng, Francesco Filippini ê nông-chhōe keng-iông sī Boccioni hoat-chhut tē-tāi chhōe-té ê iōng-im bûn-pún.

Chit ê liân-chhì, tī chiap-bué 19 sè-kí Lombardia ê jîn-chiú kap Boccioni chhōe-té tē-tāi ê kok-huè liân-kuaⁿ, piau-hiān Francesco Filippini tī Futurismo ê sian-chhī chhài-iáⁿ ê hō͘-iōng.
Sosipatra

**Sosipatra** sī Āu 300 nî-tāi chó-iū ùi Sió A-se-a siâⁿ-chhī Ephesus chhut-sì ê chi̍t ūi tiat-ha̍k-ka.

Sosipatra sī nn̄g ūi chhin-ióng chhōa tōa-hàn--ê. I kap lēng-gōa chit ūi tiat-ha̍k-ka Eustathius kiat-hun. Chóng-sī ang-sài āu--lâi kòe-sin, to̍h sóa kòe Pergamon. Tī Pergamon ê sî, Sosipatra kap Aedesius ha̍p-le̍k kiàn-li̍p chi̍t keng ha̍k-hāu.

Tùi Sosipatra kì-su̍t, taⁿ siá kàu i tī ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh ûi chí. Sosipatra mā bô hiān-chûn chai-iáⁿ ê tì-chok.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Sobeknofru

**Sobeknofru** (iok Ch. 1785 nî chhut-sì) sī Ai-ki̍p tī tāi-khài chiân 1789 nî chó-iū kè-sêng Tē-12 Ông-tiâu ê bóe tāi kok-ông.

Sobeknofru sī kok-ông Amenemhat 3-sè ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ, chiàu Ai-ki̍p tong-sî thoân-thóng, i kap i-ê hiaⁿ-tī kiam sian-on̂g ê kè-sêng-chiá Amenemhat 4-sè kiat-hun, chóng-sī chio̍h-pán ê kì-su̍t bô hoat-tō͘ khak-tēng sī-m̄-sī ū lēng-gōa ê chí-moāi mā hō Sobeknofru.

Amenemhat 4-sè thóng-tī té-chām ê chi̍t tōaⁿ sî-kan, bô lāu lo̍h cha-po͘-kiáⁿ thang kè-sêng, ông-ūi to̍h thoân kòe Sobeknofru. Lú-sèng chiap-ūi tī tong-sî Ai-ki̍p sī bô phó͘-phiàn--ê, le̍k-sú-ka mā bô khak-tēng Sobeknofru chia̍p-ūi ê lí-iû.

Sobeknofru chāi-ūi tāi-iok 3 tang, mā bô kè-sêng-chiá thang chiap-ūi, ông-tiâu tio̍h kàu i kiat-sok, chóng-sī thóng-tī kiat-sok ê goân-in mā bô chheng-chhó. Tòe teh soah-bóe ê koh ū Ai-ki̍p ê Tiong Ông-kok sî-tāi, sòa--lo̍h-lâi sī Tē-2 Tiong-kan-kî.

## Chham-chiàu

* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Pharaoh
Akuma-tyan

**Akuma-tyan** () sī Ji̍t-pún hoat-seng pē-bú bô sek-tong miâ siū-tio̍h hêng-chèng kī-cho̍at, jiá thoân-pò͘ mûi-thé koan-chù ê sū-kiāⁿ. 

Lūi-pia̍t:1993 nî Ji̍t-pún
Lūi-pia̍t:Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Lâng-miâ
Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún jîn-bu̍t
Metta World Peace

**Metta World Peace** (),  goân miâ sî **Ronald William Artest, Jr**, it-poaⁿ kiò **Ron Artest**, Bí-kok NBA ūn-tōng-oân, sio̍k-î hong-ōe. 2014 nî ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok CBA Sì-chhoan Kim-kióng Kū-lo̍k-pō͘ (四川金強俱樂部), hō Tiong-bûn miâ **Hîm-niau chi Iú** (熊貓之友, The Pandas Friend).

Lūi-pia̍t:NBA soán-chhiú
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú
Goân Lóng (An-tēng-ông)

**Goân Lóng**(; chāi-ūi 531 nî - 532 nî), Hô-lâm-kūn Lo̍k-iông-koān (kin Hô-lâm-séng Lo̍k-iông-chhī-tang)-lâng, tui-chun Gūi-kéng-bok-tè Thok-poa̍h Hóng Goân-sun, Chiong-bú-ông Goân Iông ê hāu-seⁿ, sī Tiong-kok Lâm-pak-tiâu sî-kî Pak Gūi ê tē-14-tāi kun-chú, kàu **Āu-hòe-tè** (後廢帝).

Lūi-pia̍t:Pak Gūi hông-tè
Goân Lóng (Tong-o͘-koān-kong)

**Goân Lóng** (), Hô-lâm-kūn Lo̍k-iông-koān (kin Hô-lâm-séng Lo̍k-iông-chhī-tang)-lâng, tui-chun Gūi-kéng-bok-tè Thok-poa̍h Hóng goân-sun, Pak Gūi lī-pō͘ po̍k-siā, hêng-tēng saⁿ-chiu chhì-sú, sāi-tiong, si-tô͘, siōng-su-lēng, Tong-o͘ Bûn-lia̍t-kong goân-sūn ê tióng-lâm, gôan gūi chong sek , Pak Gūi, Tong Gūi koaⁿ-oân. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Pak Gūi
Hubert Blaine Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorff, Sr.

**Hubert Blaine Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorff, Sr.** (), choân-miâ sî **Adolph Blaine Charles David Earl Frederick Gerald Hubert Irvin John Kenneth Lloyd Martin Nero Oliver Paul Quincy Randolph Sherman Thomas Uncas Victor William Xerxes Yancy Zeus Wolfe­schlegelstein­hausenberger­dorffvoraltern­waren­gewissenhaft­schaferswessen­schafewaren­wohlgepflege­und­sorgfaltigkeit­beschutzen­von­angreifen­durch­ihrraubgierigfeinde­welche­voraltern­zwolftausend­jahres­vorandieerscheinen­wander­ersteer­dem­enschderraumschiff­gebrauchlicht­als­sein­ursprung­von­kraftgestart­sein­lange­fahrt­hinzwischen­sternartigraum­auf­der­suchenach­diestern­welche­gehabt­bewohnbar­planeten­kreise­drehen­sich­und­wohin­der­neurasse­von­verstandigmen­schlichkeit­konnte­fortplanzen­und­sicher­freuen­anlebens­langlich­freude­und­ruhe­mit­nicht­ein­furcht­vor­angreifen­von­anderer­intelligent­geschopfs­von­hinzwischen­sternartigraum, Senior.**, chhut-sè î Tek-kok Bergedorf, 1904 nî 2 go̍eh 29 ji̍t î-bîn Bí-kok, tēng ki î Pennsylvania ê Philadelphia. I sī Guinness Sè-kài Kí-lio̍k Tōa-choân ê siōng-kài tn̂g miâ-jī kí-lio̍k ê pó-chhî-chiá. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tek-kok-è Bí-kok-lâng
Lūi-pia̍t:Pennsylvania
Morinaga Miruku

**Morinaga Miruku** (Morinaga Milk, ) sî Ji̍t-pún ê bān-ōe-ka. Chhut-sè î Tang-kiaⁿ. Cha-bó͘. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê bān-ōe-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘‎
Kamei Shizuka

**Kamei Shizuka** (, ) Ji̍t-pún Chū-bîn-tóng chêng tāng-iàu léng-tō-lâng chi-it. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bú-su̍t-ka
Chng Kà-hàn

**Chng Kà-hàn** (庄稼汉, ), Hok-kiàn Hūi-oaⁿ-lâng. Hàn-cho̍k, Cha-po͘. Tiong-kiōng tóng-oân. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm-pêng-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-lâng
Kà-hàn
Tiong-chhut Iông-chú

**Tiong-chhut Iông-chú** (中出羊子, , Ji̍t-bûn miâ: **Nakade Hituziko**), goân-miâ **Cheng Bêng-lîn** (鍾銘麟),  Hiong-káng ti-miâ bāng-bîn, siā-ūn jîn-sū, Hú-jîn Mûi-thé (輔仁媒體) ki-su̍t chóng-kàm, Chêng-sòaⁿ (前綫) chêng sêng-oân, Bîn-chú Tó Niû Le̍k-liōng (民主倒梁力量) chêng chip-úi, Chhiu-kiok Hêng-tōng (秋菊行動) chêng sêng-oân. Pit-gia̍p î Hiong-káng Tiong-bûn Tāi-ha̍k Hāu-iú-hōe Liân-hōe Tân Chìn-hā Tiong-ha̍k (聯會陳震夏中學).

Lūi-pia̍t:Hiong-káng jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:LGBT
Bêng-lîn
Kikuti Moa

**Kikuti Moa** (, , Bân-lâm-ōe: **Kiok-tē Chòe-ài**) sî Ji̍t-pún ê Ji̍t-pún koa-chhiú, gē-jîn. Sio̍k-î AMUSE. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê gín-á ián-oân
Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú‎
Kon Hidemi

**Kon Hidemi** (, , Bân-lâm-ōe: **Kin Ji̍t-chhut-hái**) sî Ji̍t-pún Hokkaidô Hakodate-chhī-lâng, sī chhut-miâ ê chok-ka kap siáu-soat-ka.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún siáu-soat-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Hokkaidô
Jonathan Kos-Read

**Jonathan Kos-Read** (), Hàn-miâ sī Chô Chhò (曹操, **Cao-Cao**), Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ kap Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k tiān-sī-kio̍k ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ián-goân‎
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok cha-po͘ ián-goân‎
Sî Kan

**Sî Kan** (時間, ), Thian-chin-chhī-lâng, tiān-sī chè-chok-jîn, kí-lio̍k-phìⁿ phian-tō, Tiong-iong Sin-iáⁿ Chi̍p-thoân hù chóng-phian-chip.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi
Lūi-pia̍t:Thian-chin-chhī
Kiok Kiong

**Kiok Kiong** (鞠躬, ), gôan-che̍k An-hui Chek-khe, chhut-sè î Siōng-hái. Tiong-kok chhut-miâ sîn-keng-kho-ha̍k-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Siōng-hái-chhī ê chhī-hat-khu
Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka
Lâi Le̍k

**Lâi Le̍k** (來歷, ), Lâm-iông-kūn Sin-iá (kin Hô-lâm-séng Sin-iá-koān)-lâng, sī 來歙 ê Káⁿ-á-sun, Lâi Lêng kap Bú-an Kong-chú ê gín-á.

 Lūi-pia̍t:Tong Hàn
 Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm-iông-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-tiâu jîn-bu̍t
Png Hoat

**Png Hoat** (方法, ), Kiaⁿ-su An-khèng-hú Tông-siâⁿ-koān （kin An-hui Tông-siâⁿ)-lâng, Bêng-tiâu chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. 

 Hoat
 Lūi-pia̍t:Bêng-tiâu jîn-bu̍t
 Lūi-pia̍t:An-khèng-chhī
Png Hiòng

**Png Hiòng** (方向, ), Lâm-ti̍t-lē Tông-siâⁿ-lâng. Bêng-tiâu koaⁿ-oân, chìn-sū chhut-sin.  

 Hiòng
 Lūi-pia̍t:Bêng-tiâu jîn-bu̍t
 Lūi-pia̍t:An-khèng-chhī
Sî-kan ho̍k-cha̍p-sèng

**Sî-kan ho̍k-cha̍p-sèng** (eng. *time complexity*) sī tiān-náu kho-ha̍k só͘ kóng chi̍t-ê Turing ki-hâi chiàu su-ji̍p (*input*) ê tn̂g-tō͘ só͘ su-iàu ê chhù-lí sî-kan.

## Chham-chiàu
Turing ki-hâi

**Turing ki-hâi** (eng. *Turing machine*) sī chi̍t-ê khong-sióng ê tiān-náu ki-hâi, sī chi̍t khoán sò͘-ha̍k thiu-siōng. Pún koan-liām tāi-seng sī Alan Turing hoat-piáu tī 1936 nî--ê.

Turing ki-hâi sī chi̍t-ê chū-tōng-ki (*automaton*), hâm chi̍t chōa ti̍t-sûn-sek (*linear*, tan-it sòaⁿ-lō͘ ê ì-sù), tn̂g-tō͘ thang sī bû-hān ê thé-puh (*tape*), koah ji̍p chē hūn kheh-á lāi, hō͘ tha̍k-chiam bí chi̍t tōaⁿ sî-kan tha̍k chi̍t-ê kheh-á.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Sui generis

***Sui generis*** (Latin-gí ho͘-im: [ˈsʊ.iː ˈɡɛnɛrɪs]) sī chi̍t-ê Latin phiàn-gí, sī "sio̍k i (in, che) ka-tī ê chi̍t khoán", "ka-tī chiâⁿ chi̍t lūi", "to̍k-iú" ê ì-sù.

Chē chióng hun-iá ū ēng tio̍h chi̍t tiâu phiàn-gí, pí-lūn tī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ē-tàng chí bó͘ chéng tōng-bu̍t kaⁿ-ta ka-tī chiâⁿ chi̍t sio̍k. Tī hoat-lu̍t, ē-tàng chí bó͘ àn-kiāⁿ su-iàu te̍k-iú ê kái-sek.
Bûn-hiàn-ha̍k

**Bûn-hiàn-ha̍k** (eng. *philology*; ji̍t. 文献学) sī choan-bûn tī giân-gí ê kháu-thâu kiam su-siá le̍k-sú-sèng chu-liāu ê ha̍k-būn, sī bûn-ha̍k phoe-phêng, le̍k-sú kiam giân-gí-ha̍k ê cho͘-ha̍p. I iû-kî sī teh gián-kiù koh khoán bûn-ha̍k bûn-pún, kháu-thâu kap su-siá kì-lio̍k, koh ū in ê sìn-kù-sèng (*authenticity*) chham goân-sú hêng-sek, kap ì-sù ê jīn-bat.
Ka-chhia-tîn

**Ka-chhia-tîn** () ia̍h-sī kóng chò **Só-á-tiâu**, sī chi̍t-chióng iōng mī-hún chò goân-liāu, so chò só-á hêng koh chìⁿ koè ê sì-siù-á.  Bīn-téng ū chiâⁿ chē peh-thn̂g.

## chham-khó chu-liāu
Bourgogne Chiàn-cheng

**Bourgogne Chiàn-cheng** sī 1474 nî kàu 1477 nî kan Bourgogne chu kong-chiok kap Kū Sūi-se Pang-liân kiam tông-bêng chi kan ê chiàn-sū.

Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Êng-êng bô tāi-chì

**Êng-êng bô tāi-chì** (櫻櫻美代子) pió-bīn chiūⁿ khòaⁿ khí-lâi chhiūⁿ-sī ê Ji̍t-pún-lâng-miâ, chi kok gí tha̍k-im kīn sāi î Tâi-oân-ōe 閒閒無代誌 ah-sī Kin-pún bô tāi-chì (根本無代誌). Tī Kansai, chiū ū chi̍t ūi tiau-sok-ka miâ kiò Miyamoto Miyoko (宮本美代子, "kin-pún bô tāi-chì" kīn-im ).

Lūi-pia̍t:Bāng-lō͘ bûn-hòa
Hasta Simpre, Comandante

***Hasta Simpre, Comandante*** (Se-pan-gâ-gí, ì-sù sī: *Chài-hoē, Chí-hui-koaⁿ*), sī Cuba--ê koa-chhiú Carlos Puebla tī 1965 nî chhòng-chok, the̍h-lâi èng Kek-bēng-ka Che Guevara lî-khui Cuba--ê pia̍t-lî--ê phoe. Chit tiâu koa kì-liām Cuba Kek-bēng.

Koa-miâ sī kái tùi Che Guevara--ê bêng-giân: "Hasta la victoria siempre!" (Put-sî it-ti̍t kàu sèng-lī). Koa pun-chò 5 toāⁿ, koh ū hù-koa (副歌).
Marshall McLuhan

**Herbert Marshall McLuhan** (1911 nî 7 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 1980 nî 12 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Ka-ná-tah ê tiah-ha̍k-ka, te̍k-pia̍t choan-bûn tī mûi-kài lí-lūn (*media theory*).
Benedict Anderson

**Benedict Richard O'Gorman Anderson** (1936 nî 8 goe̍h 26 – 2015 nî 12 goe̍h 13) sī chi̍t ūi chèng-tī-ha̍k-ka kiam le̍k-sú-ka, i siāng chai-miâ ê tì-chok sī 1983 nî thâu-pán ê *[[Sióng-siōng-tek Kiōng-tông-thé]]* (*Imagined Communities*), sī chi̍t hūn tùi bîn-cho̍k koan-liām kiam bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī khí-goân ê gián-kiù. 

## Chhut-sin
Anderson sī Tiong-kok Khun-bêng chhut-sì--ê, lāu-pē sī Eng-lân kiam Ài-ní-lân-hē, lāi-bú sī Eng-lân-lâng.
Ôima Yositoki

**Ôima Yositoki** (大今 良時; ) sī Ji̍t-pún ê bān-ōe-ka. Tāi-piáu-chok ū *[[Mardock Scramble]]* (マルドゥック·スクランブル) , *[[Koe no Katati]]* ( hek8-chiá sī ).
Sin Chheng-kok le̍k-sú

**Sin Chheng-kok le̍k-sú** (eng. *new Qing history*), ia̍h sī kóng **Sin Chheng-sú** (hôa. 新清史), sī chêng 1990 nî-tāi hoat-tián ê chi̍t khoán tùi Boán-chiu-lâng ê Chheng-kok tī Tiong-kok kap Lāi A-chiu le̍k-sú ê tōa hoān-ûi têng-sin kái-bêng.

Sin Chheng-kok le̍k-sú ê gián-kiù-chiá mā hâm gē-su̍t le̍k-sú-kài, tē-lí-ha̍k-kài, bûn-ha̍k-kài téng hun-iá ê ha̍k-chiá. In têng-sin khó-lū Boán-chiu kap Tiong-kok kiam Tiong-kok-lâng, koh ū kî-tha hui Hàn-hē kûn-thé ê koan-hē. Te̍k-pia̍t sī tùi kòe-khì liû-hêng--ê, tī Tiong-kok bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī su-sióng ē-té só͘ kóng ê tan hong-hiòng "Hàn-hòa" (*sinicization*) koan-liām só͘ jīn-ûi ê cheng-ho̍k-chiá Tiong-kok-hòa lí-lō͘ thê-chhut chit-mn̄g.

## Chham-chiàu
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Boán-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Le̍k-sú-ha̍k
Vendée Chiàn-cheng

**Vendée Chiàn-cheng** (hoat. *Guerre de Vendée*) sī Hoat-kok tī Tāi-kek-bēng sî-kî ê chi̍t pái khí-gī. Vendée sī Loire Khe lâm-pêng chi̍t khu óa-hái só͘-chāi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiàn-cheng
Lūi-pia̍t:Hoat-kok ê le̍k-sú
Oân Ka-kun

**Oân Ka-kun** (袁家軍, ) sî chhut-sè î Kiat-lîm Thang-hòa. 1992 nî 11 goe̍h ka-ji̍p Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng. Hiān-jīm Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Chiat-kang-séng Úi-oân-hōe hù-su-kì, Chiat-kang-séng Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú séng-tiúⁿ. 

Ka-kun
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng
Lūi-pia̍t:Thong-hoà-chhī
Chúi-tháng Chiàn-cheng

**Chúi-tháng Chiàn-cheng** sī 1325 nî ê sî siâⁿ-chhī-kok Bologna kap Modena chi kan ūi peng-á thâu-the̍h kó͘-chéⁿ chúi-tháng soah lâi ín-khí ê chi̍t kái chiàn-sū, mā sī saⁿ-pah-tang gōa Guelfo-phài kap Ghibellino-phài saⁿ-cheⁿ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.

Chiàn-cheng ê î-it chi̍t kái chiàn-tò͘ sī Zappolino Chiàn-tò͘. Ín-khí chiàn-cheng ê chúi-tháng tè-bé hông pó-chûn tī Modena kàu chit-má.

Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Chiàn-cheng
Se-pan-gâ Kè-sêng Chiàn-cheng

**Se-pan-gâ Kè-sêng Chiàn-cheng** sī 1702 nî kàu 1714 nî kan Au-chiu ê chi̍t kái tōa chiàn-sū. Tāi-seng sī 1700 nî bóe tāi Se-pan-gâ Habsburg Kok-ông, bô kiáⁿ-jî ê Carlos 2-sè kòe-sin ín-khí--ê.

Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Chiàn-cheng
Lūi-pia̍t:Koan-sia̍p tio̍h Se-pan-gâ ê chiàn-cheng
Kéng-kùn

**Kéng-kùn** (eng.; *baton* iā *truncheon*; hôa. 警棍) he̍k-chiá **kéng-pāng** (ji̍t. 警棒), sī chi̍t khoán kùn-thûi, tn̂g-tō͘ pí chhiú-pì khah té, ēng chhâi, chhiū-ni, sok-ka he̍k-chiá sī kim-sio̍k chè-chō. It-poaⁿ sī siat-kè lâi hông-sin iā hō͘ chi̍p-hoat-chiá, kiáu-chèng-oân, pó-choân-oân kap kun-tūi sú-iōng.
Jennifer 8. Lee

**Jennifer 8. Lee** (李競, Lí Kēng, ) sî lí-chok-ka, Bí-kok The New York Times kì-chiá, chhut-sì î Bí-kok New York Chhī, chó͘-che̍k Hok-kiàn Kim-mn̂g-koān.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok ê cha-bó͘ chok-ka
Kēng
Takahasi Takeo

**Takahasi Takeo** () sī Ji̍t-pún ê cha-po͘ tōng-ōe-su, tōng-ōe tō-ián, chok-ōe kàm-tok, tōng-ōe ián-chhut-ka.
 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Anime
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-iáⁿ tō-ián
Fedde Schurer

**Fedde Schurer** (1898 nî 7 goe̍h 25 – 1968 nî 3 goe̍h 19) sī Hô-lân ê ha̍k-hāu kàu-oân, kì-chiá, giân-gí oa̍h-tāng-chiá kiam chèng-tī-chiá. I sī 20 sè-kí tiōng-iàu ê Sai Friesland-gí si-jîn, mā sī chi̍t khoán giân-gí khoân-lī ê chi-chhî-chiá.
Winona Ryder

**Winona Ryder** (pún-miâ **Winona Laura Horowitz**; 1971 nî 10 goe̍h 29 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê ián-oân, 1990 nî-tāi siāng chai-miâ ê bêng-seng chi it.
Jicarilla Apache

**Jicarilla Apache** sī chi̍t kûn seng-oa̍h tī Bí-kok New Mexico ê goân-chū-bîn, chú-iàu ê chāi-tē giân-gí sī Lâm-pō͘ Athabaskan-gí. In pō͘-lo̍k chū-tī-thé ê koan-hong hō-miâ sī *Jicarilla Apache Nation*.
Stranger Things

***Stranger Things*** sī chi̍t pō͘ Bí-kok ê kho-ha̍k siáu-soat khióng-pò͘ tiān-sī iáⁿ-chi̍p. sī pún chhut ê chhòng-chō-chiá Duffer Hiaⁿ-tī siá-chok, kàn-tok, kiam chip-hêng chè-chok; lēng-gōa koh ū kiōng-tông chip-hêng chè-chok Shawn Levy chham Dan Cohen. 

Thâu chi̍t kùi (*season*) sī 2016 nî 7 goe̍h khai-sí hòng-sàng. Chú-ián ū Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono kap Matthew Modine, kiam Noah Schnapp kap Joe Keery. Tē-2 kùi koh ke Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin kap Paul Reiser.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok iáⁿ-chi̍p
Sean Astin

**Sean Patrick Astin** (seⁿ-miâ **Sean Patrick Duke**; 1971 nî 2 goe̍h 25 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê ián-oân, siaⁿ-im ián-oân, kàn-tok kiam chè-chok. I siāng chai-miâ ê ián-chhut chi it sī tī 2001 nî kàu 2003 nî kan *[[The Lord of the Rings (tiān-iáⁿ)|The Lord of the Rings]]* tiān-iáⁿ lāi poaⁿ Samwise Gamgee.
Dungeons & Dragons

***Dungeons & Dragons*** (kán-lio̍k chò ***D&D*** ia̍h ***DnD***; Eng-gí ì-sù: "Tē-hā-siâⁿ kap Lêng") sī chi̍t khoán khóng-sióng toh-téng RPG, goân-chho͘ ê siat-kè-chiá sī Gary Gygax kap Dave Arneson, tāi-seng sī 1974 nî TSR kong-si hoat-hêng--ê. Chū 1997 nî khai-sí ê hoat-hêng-siong sī Wizards of the Coast (chit-má sī Hasbro chú-koan-si). *D&D* hông phó͘-phiàn jīn-ûi sī hiān-tāi RPG ê khai-sí.

## Iû-hì khài-lám
*Dungeons & Dragons* sī chi̍t ê ū kiat-kò͘ m̄-koh kiat-kio̍k khai-hòng (open-ended) ê kak-sek poaⁿ-ián iû-hì. Che iû-hì bô bêng-khak hān-chè chò-hóe sńg ê jîn-sò͘, it-poaⁿ lâi kóng ē ū 3~5 ūi ī-chiá (奕者), chham chi̍t ūi chú-chhî-jîn (hō-chò Tē-hā-siâⁿ Siâⁿ-chú; ). Chi̍t ūi ī-chiá thong-siông kan-na ē poaⁿ-ián chi̍t ūi kak-sek, chit-ê kak-sek tī hi-kò͘ ê sè-kài tang-tiong seng-oa̍h. Ī-chiá kak-sek (it-poaⁿ hō-chò lāng-hiám-chiá (弄險者); ) ē cho͘-chit-chò chi̍t ê thoân-tūi, ta̍k-ê lâng ēng ka-kī ê lêng-le̍k lâi ta̍t-sêng bo̍k-phiau. Tī sńg ê kòe-têng tang-tiong, ta̍k-ê ī-chiá lóng ài koat-tēng ka-kī ê kak-sek beh án-chóaⁿ hêng-tōng, jî-chhiáⁿ hām pa̍t-ê kak-sek hō͘-tōng. Kak-sek hō͘-tōng tāi-pō͘-hūn sī ī-chiá iōng kóng--ê lâi piáu-ta̍t, a̍h-sī iōng bûn-jī lâi piáu-hiān. Tû-liáu che í-gōa, mā put-sî ē ūn-iōng-tio̍h chham-ú-chiá ê su-lí lêng-le̍k, ki-pún soàn-su̍t, kap sióng-siōng-le̍k. Oân-sêng chi̍t tiûⁿ iû-hì ê sî-kan m̄-sī chóa-tùi--ê. Beh kiat-sok chi̍t tiûⁿ "lāng-hiám" (adventure), it-poaⁿ lâi kóng, tio̍h-ài ī-chiá chē-pái ê chū-hōe. Kā chi̍t ê kò͘-sū kóng hō͘ soah tio̍h hō-chò chi̍t tiûⁿ "lāng-hiám"; nā-sī chē-chē ê lāng-hiám tàu chò-hóe chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê tn̂g-phiⁿ sū-kiāⁿ, lán ē kā hō-chò "chiàn-ia̍h" (campaign).
Tiong-ha̍k-hāu

**Tiong-ha̍k-hāu** (Eng-gí: *middle school*) sī chi̍t kóa kok-ka só͘ siat ê kàu-io̍k kai-tōaⁿ, thê-kiong sió-ha̍k-hāu kap ko-ha̍k-hāu chi kan ê kàu-iok, ū-sî mā hông siat chò sī ko-ha̍k-hāu ê thâu pòaⁿ tōaⁿ. "Tiong-ha̍k-hāu" si̍t-chè chiàu kok tē ê kàu-io̍k hē-thóng bô sio-siâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu
Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu

**Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu** (Eng-gí: *secondary school* "chhù-kip ha̍k-hāu"), he̍k-chiá kiò **tiong-ha̍k-hāu** iā **tiong-ha̍k** (-o̍h), sī thê-kiong tiong-téng kàu-io̍k ê ki-koan. Ū-ê só͘-chāi tiong-téng thang thiah chò chho͘-kip tiong-téng kap ko-kip tiong-téng nn̄g tōaⁿ, pí-lūn tī Bí-kok ū hun tiong-ha̍k-hāu kap ko-ha̍k-hāu.

## Iōng-gí
Tī Tang-iûⁿ kok-ka, pí-lūn Ji̍t-pún, it-poaⁿ sī sú-iōng Hàn-jī-sû "tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu" (中等学校) iā "tiong-ha̍k-hāu" (中学校), tùi-èng Pak Bí-chiu-sek ê *high school* ("ko-ha̍k-hāu"). Tī Bí-kok, Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu thang hun nn̄g tōaⁿ, thâu tōaⁿ hō chò *middle school* ("tiong-ha̍k-hāu") iā *junior high school* ("chiân-kî ko-ha̍k-hāu"), āu tōaⁿ kiò *high school* ("ko-ha̍k-hāu") iā *senior high school* ("āu-kî ko-ha̍k-hāu").

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu
Tiong-ha̍k (khu-pia̍t)

**Tiong-ha̍k** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu iā tiong-téng kàu-io̍k
** Tiong-ha̍k-hāu (Eng-gí: *middle school*), tiong-téng ê thâu pòaⁿ tōaⁿ
* Tiong-kok ê ha̍k-būn