open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lâm Bêng

**Lâm Bêng** (南明; 1644 nî ~ 1662 nî) sī tī Bêng-tiâu bia̍t-bông liáu-āu, i-ê hông-cho̍k kap koaⁿ-oân tī Tiong-kok lâm-hong kiàn-li̍p ê kúi-nā ê chèng-koân ê thóng-chheng, lóng-chóng keng-kòe 18 tang. Lâm Bêng ê chú-iàu sè-le̍k ū 4 ê, hun-pia̍t sī Hok-ông Chu Iû-siòng, Ló͘-ông Chu Í-hái, Tn̂g-ông Chu U̍t-kiān hām Chu U̍t-oa̍t kap Kùi-ông Chu Iû-lông téng.

1644 nî, Bêng-tiâu ê siú-to͘ Pak-kiaⁿ pī Lí Chū-sêng kong-hām, Lâm Bêng tāi-sîn ì-tô͘ ióng-hō͘ hông-cho̍k pak-hoa̍t. Keng-kòe chē-pái thó-lūn liáu-āu, iû Hōng-iông Chóng-tok Má Sū-eng kap Kang-pak Sù-tìn Ko Kia̍t, N̂g Tek-kong, Lâu Te̍k-chheng kap Lâu Liông-chò ióng-hō͘ Bêng Su-chong ê chhin-tông Hok-ông Chu Iû-siòng chē-ūi, iā chiū sī Hông-kong-tè, kok-hō iu-goân sī **Tāi Bêng** (大明), le̍k-sú hō-chò **Lâm Bêng** ia̍h **Hō͘ Bêng** (後明). 1645 nî, Chheng-kun kong-phòa Iông-chiu, Hông-kong-tè tô-bông kàu Bû-hô͘ pī lia̍h, lo̍h-bóe tī Pak-kiaⁿ pī sat-hāi. Hông-kong-tè sí liáu-āu, Ló͘-ông Chu Í-hái tī Chiat-kang Siāu-heng kàm-kok; Tn̂g-ông Chu U̍t-kiān tī Tēⁿ Chi-liông ê ióng-li̍p hā tī Hok-kiàn ê Hok-chiu chē-ūi, iā chiū sī Liông-bú-tè. M̄-koh, chit nn̄g ê Lâm Bêng chú-iàu sè-le̍k hō͘-siong bô beh sêng-jīn tùi-hong ê tē-ūi, khai-sí hō͘-siong kong-táⁿ. 1651 nî, tī Chiu-san Kûn-tó lûn-hām liáu-āu, Ló͘-ông Chu Í-hái tī Tiuⁿ Bêng-chín kap Tiuⁿ Hông-giân ê pôe-tông hā, khì kàu Ē-mn̂g óa-khò Tēⁿ Sêng-kong, bô-gōa-kú chiū sí tī Kim-mn̂g.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Boán-chheng ji̍p Koan
*Tang-lêng-kok
O͘

**O͘** sī Bân-lâm-gí Pe̍h-oē-jī lāi-bīn ê chi̍t ê te̍k-sû ê jī-bó, tī jī-bó “o” kha-chiah-āu ka-thiam hô͘-lô͘-tiám (Unicode U+0358 ͘), tha̍k chò .

O͘ bô-hoat-tō͘ hō͘ chin chē chok-gia̍p hē-thóng chi-oān, éng-éng siá chò **o·** (ka-thiam tiong-kan-tiám), **o•** (ka-thiam hāng-bo̍k hû-hō), **oo** ia̍h-sī **ou**.

## Le̍k-sú
19 sè-kí tiong-kî lâi Ē-mn̂g thoân-kàu ê Elihu Doty hoat-bêng chia jī-bó, iōng-lâi khu-pia̍t // and //, // siá chò “o”, // siá chò “o͘”, í-āu hō͘ chin chē lâng iōng. Carstairs Douglas tī 1873 nî siá ê Bân-lâm-gí sû-tián lāi-bīn, chiong “o͘” kái chò “ø͘”, m̄-kò kin-á-ji̍t bô lâng chhiūⁿ hit-khoán iōng.

## Siaⁿ-tiāu
*O͘ o͘ (tē 1 tiāu)
*Ó͘ ó͘ (tē 2 tiāu)
*Ò͘ ò͘ (tē 3 tiāu)
*Ô͘ ô͘ (tē 5 tiāu)
*Ō͘ ō͘ (tē 7 tiāu)
*O̍͘ o̍͘ (tē 8 tiāu)

Lūi-pia̍t:Lating jī-bió hù-ka piàn-im hû-hō
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 18 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 18 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 18 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 2012 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t kàu 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 2,268 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 205 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 171 lâng.

18 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 7 lâng:

*Si̍p Kīn-pêng
*Lí Khek-kiông
*Tiuⁿ Tek-kang
*Jû Chèng-seng
*Lâu Hûn-san
*Ông Kî-san
*Tiuⁿ Ko-lē
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng Tóng Tāi Hoē**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē khui ê choân-kok tóng-oân tāi-piáu tāi-hoē, múi 5 nî khui chi̍t hoê.
Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hoē-chú-gī

**Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hoē-chú-gī** sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng kap Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok iōng ê chèng-tī miâ-sû, tī siā-hoē-chú-gī kap kiōng-sán-chú-gī ê lí-lūn ki-chhó͘ ín-ji̍p chu-pún-chú-gī chhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè ê pō͘-hūn kài-liām.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Kái-kek khai-hòng
*Tēng Siáu-pêng
*Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn
Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn

**Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn** sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī lí-lūn. Àn Tiong Kiōng ê kóng-hoat, Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn sī iû Tēng Siáu-pêng thê-chhut, iōng-lâi kiàn-siat Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hoē-chú-gī ê lí-lūn.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Kái-kek khai-hòng
*Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng
*Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu
*Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan
Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu

**Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu** ia̍h-sī kiò chò **Saⁿ chiah Tāi-piáu** he̍k-chiá **San kò Tāi-piáu**, sī Kang Te̍k-bîn tī 2000 nî 2 goe̍h 25 ji̍t thê-chhut ê chi̍t ê chí-tō su-sióng. Chia su-sióng tī 2004 nî hō͘ siá ji̍p *[[Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Chiong-thêng]]* kap *[[Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat]]*, choân-miâ kiò chò **"San kò Tāi-piáu" Tiōng-iàu Su-sióng**.

Kang Tiat-bîn ê "Saⁿ-ê Toān" siū-sióng gôan-iû Khái Ar Marx ê gôan-chheng "Choe̍k-phoàn-lūn" Thài-sann kiò Eng-bûn siáu-sîng. Kang Tiat-bîn ê "Saⁿ-ê Toān" siū-sióng āi-lâi ê kái-sik, tsuī-nn̄g sī ū Phit-tsù-pō͘ Tāi-ha̍k keng-chè-ha̍k pau-si-sing Sû Thiâm-kheng lāi 1984 nî huat-kiàn ê, i tī gôan Eng-bûn bûn-thâi kap Lénin tshián-phóe ê Tiong-bûn chi̍h-pún "Choe̍k-phoàn-lūn" chiáⁿ-kiōng tē-á tē hūn-tī it-chit bûn-iānn chiú. Sû Thiâm-kheng āi-lâi sī Se-aⁿ Tāi-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k ê keng-chè-ha̍k kàu-jiā. Sû Thiâm-kheng sī Ong Hô͘-níng kap Lâu-ket chē ho̍k-sek ê sī-kia̍h, 1995 nî, i ê ông-chiòn liāu Ong Hô͘-níng tho̍at-lūn liáu chit-lāi lī, tāi Ong Hô͘-níng sī Tiong-tiong Chèng-chit Ián-sī ê sêng-ê, āu-lâi tshiāⁿ iú sió-siáⁿ ê tāi-nâi bûn-lio̍k tī hong-hūn tiāu-sek ê tōng nāi bô-hong-iông.

## Loē-iông
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok sian-chìn siā-hoē seng-sán-le̍k ê hoat-tián iau-kiû;
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok sian-chìn bûn-hoà ê chìn-pō͘ hong-hiòng;
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tio̍h it-ti̍t tāi-piáu Tiong-kok choè chē jîn-bîn ê ki-pún lī-ek.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng
*Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn
*Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan
Kim-sio̍k chúi-sò͘

**Kim-sio̍k chúi-sò͘** (金屬水素) sī thàu-koè ap-sok chúi-sò͘ goân-sò͘ hoat-seng siòng choán-î ê 1 khoán hêng-thài, i sī Fermi siok-thè (フェルミ縮退) bu̍t-chit ê 1 chióng. Kim-sio̍k chúi-sò͘ ê lí-lūn tī 1935 nî thê-chhut.

2017 nî 1 goe̍h 26 ji̍t, Bí-kok Harvard Tāi-ha̍k ê kho-ha̍k-ka sêng-kong ha̍p-sêng kim-sio̍k chúi-sò͘.
Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng

**Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng** sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tùi Mô͘ Te̍k-tong thê-chhut ê só͘-ū lí-lūn su-sióng ê thóng-chheng.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Jîn-bîn chiàn-cheng
*Saⁿ ê Sè-kài
*Bûn-hoà Tāi-kek-bēng
*Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn
*Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu
*Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan
Teh-nî-chîⁿ

**Teh-nî-chîⁿ** (), mā hō chò **teh-hoè-chîⁿ** (硩歲錢), sī kòe-nî sî sī-toā sàng hō͘ bī-sêng-liân sī-sè ê âng-pau.

## Siong-koan
*Âng-pau
Sin-chiaⁿ

**Sin-chiaⁿ** (), he̍k-chiá **sin-chhun** (新春), sī kū-le̍k chi̍t nî ê khai-sí, iā-chiū-sī kū-le̍k ê chiaⁿ-goe̍h chhe-it. Sin-chiaⁿ sī hàn-jī bûn-hoà-khoan kok-ka ê thoân-thóng sin-nî; tû-liáu Ji̍t-pún choân-bīn se-hoà kái kòe sin-le̍k nî, kî-thaⁿ kok-ka kap tē-khu iu-goân pó-liû tio̍h kòe-nî ê bîn-sio̍k.

## Siong-koan
* Chhun-cheh
Ka-têng pō-le̍k

**Ka-têng pō-le̍k** (家庭暴力) sī ka-têng sêng-oân chi-kàn si̍t-si sin-khu ia̍h-sī cheng-sîn hong-bīn ê siong-hāi hêng-ûi. Ka-têng pō-le̍k ê chhim-hāi hêng-ûi ū-khó-lêng sī chhin-chhiūⁿ kong-kek, siong-hāi, gio̍k-thāi téng-téng ti̍t-chiap si̍t-si pō-le̍k, ia̍h-sī tī cheng-sîn siōng ui-hia̍p ka-têng ê sêng-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoān-choē
Chū-jiân chông-pài

**Chū-jiân chông-pài** (自然崇拜) sī tùi chū-jiân-sîn ê chông-kèng só͘ lâi sán-seng ê chông-pài oa̍h-tāng, sī chi̍t khoán goân-sí chong-kàu. Bô-kāng ê goân-sí pō͘-lo̍k, in-ūi seng-chûn khoân-kéng ê bô-kāng, ē chông-pài bô-kāng ê tùi-siōng, kā chia-ê tùi-siōng tòng-chò sī sîn-bêng lâi chông-pài.

Chū-jiân chông-pài ê sîn-bêng lâi-goân tāi-khài ū thian-thé, chū-jiân-le̍k kap chū-jiân-bu̍t saⁿ khoán.
Chông-pài

**Chông-pài** (崇拜) thong-siông sī kóng chong-kàu ia̍h-sī sìn-gióng tùi só͘ chông-kèng ê tùi-siōng o-ló, êng-iāu, khiân-sêng kap ài-sim ê te̍k-sû kí-tōng. Tû-liáu tùi sîn-bêng ê chông-pài, iáu-koh ū chhin-chhiūⁿ kun-chú chông-pài ia̍h-sī kò-jîn chông-pài téng-téng tùi lâng ê chông-pài hêng-sek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chong-kàu-ha̍k
Sally Yates

**Sally Caroline Quillian Yates** () sī chi̍t ūi Bí-kok ê piān-hō͘-sū kiam chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t.
Goân-sí chong-kàu

**Goân-sí chong-kàu** (原始宗教) sī tī jîn-lūi ê le̍k-sú siōng siōng-chá chhut-hiān ê chong-kàu, toā-poàⁿ lóng sī piáu-hiān tī tùi tāi-chū-jiân ê chông-pài.

## Siong-koan
*Chū-jiân chông-pài
Tiⁿ-koé

**Tiⁿ-koé** () ia̍h-sī **tiⁿ-ké**, mā hō chò **nî-ko** (年糕), kó͘-chá sī tī Jī-káu-mê iōng-lâi chè-sū sîn-bêng kap chó͘-sian ê, kin-á-ji̍t sī 1 khoán tiⁿ ê chia̍h-mi̍h.

## Siong-koan
*Kóe
Chúi-kiáu

**Chúi-kiáu** () sī 1 khoán iōng mī-hún chò lāi-té pau bah ê chia̍h-mi̍h. Tī Tiong-kok, chúi-kiáu sī chi̍t-khoán ē-tàng tī kòe-nî, Gō͘-ji̍t-cheh, Tiong-chhiu-cheh téng ji̍t-chí chia̍h ê liāu-lí, chiâⁿ siū-tio̍h Tiong-kok-lâng ê hí-ài.
Chhun-liân

**Chhun-liân** (), mā thang kiò chò **chhun-á** (春仔), sī Tang A lâng tī chhun-cheh sî-hāu tah tī mn̂g-kháu ê âng-sek mn̂g-liân.
Phàu-á

**Phàu-á** () sī Tang A lâng tī koè-cheh ia̍h-sī ū chong-kàu oa̍h-tāng ê sî-hāu sî-siông iōng ê 1 khoán mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Chiong hóe-io̍h khǹg tī tek-tâng he̍k-chiá choá-tâng lāi-bīn, iōng hoé chioh tō-hoé-soàⁿ chiong i sio khí lâi. Chia mi̍h-kiāⁿ sio ê sî-hāu ē po̍k-chà, po̍k-chà ê sî-hāu siaⁿ-im chin toā, koè-cheh ê sî-hāu pàng i chin lāu-jia̍t.

Pàng phàu-á kap pàng ian-hoé siāng-khoán ū chi̍t-koá-á gûi-hiám.
Ûi-lô͘

**Ûi-lô͘** () sī tī kū-le̍k jī-káu-mê ê chòe-āu chi̍t tǹg pn̄g, bo̍k-te̍k sī ka-cho̍k thoân-îⁿ tàu-tīn kòe-nî.
Âng-pau

**Âng-pau** () sī chiong chîⁿ khǹg tio̍h âng-sek hong-thò lāi-bīn chò sêng ê lé-bu̍t. It-poaⁿ tī sin-chiaⁿ, kiat-hun, seⁿ-ji̍t ê sî-hāu ē sàng âng-pau.

## Koh Khoàⁿ
*Teh-nî-chîⁿ

Lūi-pia̍t:Lé-sò͘
Ian-hoé

**Ian-hoé** () ia̍h-sī **ian-hé**, sī tī kun-sū he̍k-chiá koè-cheh, piáu-ián sî-hāu pàng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, i ê goân-lí kap phàu-á siāng-khoán, lóng sī iōng hóe-io̍h chò ê.

Pàng ian-hoé kap pàng phàu-á siāng-khoán ū chi̍t-koá-á gûi-hiám.
Suh-kóng

**Suh-kóng** (欶管) sī ē-tàng kā ím-liāu e̍k-thé ùi au-á suh ji̍p-khì chhùi lāi ê kóng-á. Suh-kóng it-poaⁿ sī îⁿ-thiāu-á-hêng ê sok-ka chè-phín.
Kóe-chí-chiùⁿ

**Kóe-chí-chiùⁿ**/**ké-chí-chiùⁿ** (果子醬) sī tn̂g sî-kan pó-chûn kóe-chí ê hong-sek, kā kóe-chí-bah chham pe̍h-thn̂g kap phang-bi̍t, ēng ko-un chè-chō chhut-lâi ê chiùⁿ-liāu.
Chéng-kah

**Chéng-kah** (指甲) sī seⁿ tī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ê chhiú-cháiⁿ kap kha-cháiⁿ bóe-pō͘ iû phôe-hu kak-chit ngē-hoà ê pō͘-ūi. Chéng-kah ê chok-iōng sī pó-hō͘ bóe-á chiat, î-hō͘ i-ê ún-tēng-sèng.
Sòaⁿ-téng Tiān-náu Tô͘-su-koán Tiong-sim

**Sòaⁿ-téng Tiān-náu Tô͘-su-koán Tiong-sim** (*Online Computer Library Center* **OCLC**) sī chi̍t keng bû-êng-lī ê ha̍p-chok cho͘-chit, choan-bûn teh î-chhî WorldCat chu-liāu, che sī siāng tōa ê sòaⁿ-téng kong-chiòng lī-ēng ka-tá-lok-kuh (*online public access catalog* OPAC) chu-liāu.

In goân-lâi sī 1967 nî kiàn-li̍p ê Ohio Tāi-ha̍k Tô͘-su-koán Tiong-sim (*Ohio College Library Center*).
Bí-kok chóng-thóng

**Bí-kok chóng-thóng** () sī Bí-kok ê chóng-thóng, mā sī Bí-kok ê kok-ka goân-siú, chèng-hú siú-náu kap pō͘-tūi choè ko chú-soè.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Bí-kok chóng-thóng lia̍t-pió
Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng

**Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng** () sī Bí-kok ê hù-chóng-thóng, mā sī Bí-kok chóng-thóng ê hù-chhiú.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng lia̍t-pió
Aaron Burr

**Aaron Burr Jr.** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1801 nî kàu 1805 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.

1804 nî 7 goe̍h 11 ji̍t, i kap Alexander Hamilton koat-tàu, chiong Hamilton thâi--sí.
Alexander Hamilton

**Alexander Hamilton** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tùi 1789 nî kàu 1795 nî sī Bí-kok ê châi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ. I tùi Bí-kok kiàn-kok cho͘-kî ê keng-chè chèng-chhek kòng-hiān chin toā.

1804 nî 7 goe̍h 11 ji̍t, i kap hù-chóng-thóng Aaron Burr koat-tàu, hō͘ Burr iōng chhèng phah--sí. Kin-á-ji̍t 10 kho͘ Bí-kim ê gîn-phiò chiàⁿ-bīn ū oē i ê oē-siōng.
Joe Biden

**Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 2009 nî kàu 2017 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng; tī 2021 nî 1 goe̍h 20 ji̍t, chiū-jīm Bí-kok chóng-thóng.

## Chham-oa̍t
*Hunter Biden

Lūi-pia̍t:Biden ka-cho̍k
Dick Cheney

**Richard Bruce Cheney** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 2001 nî kàu 2009 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Kong-im ê Kò͘-sū

***Kong-im ê Kò͘-sū*** (光陰的故事) sī Tâi-oân Tiong-kok Tiān-sī Kong-si î 2008 nî 11 go̍eh 10 ji̍t chì 2009 nî 2 go̍eh 17 ji̍t pò͘-chhut ê liân-sio̍k-kio̍k.
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-sī ê tiān-sī-kio̍k‎
Mâ-loa̍h Sian-su

***Mâ-loa̍h Sian-su*** (hàn-jī:) sī Tâi-oân Tiong-hoâ Tiān-sī Kong-si ê hāu-hn̂g seng-o̍ah hí-kio̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sitcom
Lâu Tiōng-kèng

**Lâu Tiōng-kèng** (劉仲敬; 1974 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú-ka, chok-ka. I tiām Sin-kiong chhut-sì, goân-lâi tha̍k i-kho liáu-āu sī chò hoat-i thâu-lō͘, i tòe-bóe tī Sù-chhoan Tāi-ha̍k the̍h le̍k-sú sek-sū, āu--lâi ùi Bú-hàn Tāi-ha̍k tha̍k phok-sū iáu bōe goân-sêng to̍h chiân-óng Bí-kok.

I--ê su-sióng sī ēng bô-kâng--ê le̍k-sú-koan lâi khoàⁿ Hàn-cho̍k--ê kiàn-li̍p kap chú-tiuⁿ kî-tiong kok cho̍k-kûn lóng ài kiàn-li̍p ka-kī--ê bîn-cho̍k-koan.
Cambridge

*Hō "Cambridge" ê kî-tha só͘-chāi ia̍h chit jī ê pa̍t khoán ì-sù chhiáⁿ khoàn [[Cambridge (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)]].*

**Cambridge** (/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ "khém-bu-li-chih") sī Eng-lân Cambridgeshire ê kūn-hú, mā sī chi̍t chō tāi-ha̍k-siâⁿ, óa tī Cam Hô khe piⁿ, ùi Lûn-tun pak-pêng 80 kong-lí hn̄g ê só͘-chāi. Chiàu 2011 nî ê phó͘-cha, pún siâⁿ ū jîn-kháu 123,867 lâng, lāi-bīn 24,488 sī ha̍k-seng.

1209 nî kiàn-li̍p ê Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k tio̍h siat tī pún tē-hng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê koān
Lūi-pia̍t:Cambridge
Cambridge (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

Siāng chai-miâ ê **[[Cambridge]]** sī Eng-kok ê siâⁿ-chhī, hō chò *Cambridge* ê só͘-chāi kap pún jī ê ta̍k khoán ì-sù pau-koat ū:

## Tē-hō-miâ
### Bí-kok
* Cambridge, Idaho
* Cambridge, Illinois
* Cambridge, Iowa
* Cambridge, Kansas
* Cambridge, Kentucky
* Cambridge, Maine
* Cambridge, Maryland
* Cambridge, Massachusetts
* Cambridge, Minnesota
* Cambridge, Missouri
* Cambridge, Nebraska
* Cambridge, New Hampshire
* Cambridge, Delran, New Jersey
* Cambridge, Evesham, New Jersey
* Cambridge (tìn), New York
* Cambridge (chng), New York
* Cambridge, Ohio
* Cambridge, Vermont
* Cambridge, Wisconsin
* Cambridge City, Indiana
* Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania
* Cambridge Township, Guernsey County, Ohio
* Cambridge Township, Henry County, Illinois
* Cambridge Township, Michigan
* Cambridge Township, Minnesota
* Cambridge Township, Pennsylvania
Thô͘-tun Kiàn-chō-chiá

**Thô͘-tun Kiàn-chō-chiá** (Eng-gí: *Mound Builders*) sī Pak Bí-chiu chi̍t khoàn gâu khí thô͘-tun ê bûn-hòa. In ē-tàng hông hun chò Kó͘-khoán sî-kî (*Archaic period*), Nâ-tē sî-kî (*Woodland period*), kap Mississippi sî-kî; sî-kan tāi-iok sī tùi chêng 3500 nî kàu āu 16 sè-kí.
Ka-to, chio̍h-thâu, chóa

**Ka-to, chio̍h-thâu, chóa**, **Giāng** sī chi̍t-chéng iû-hì, chiàu "ka-to iâⁿ chóa; chóa iâⁿ chio̍h-thâu; chio̍h-thâu iâⁿ ka-to" ê koan-hē hoah-kûn.

Ia̍h ū lâng kóng '''ka-to, chio̍h-thâu, pò͘".

Lūi-pia̍t:Iû-hì
Gá-lah

**Gá-lah** sī chi̍t-chéng kē cha̍p-chit ê ko-thòaⁿ hâm-liāng jiân-liāu, it-poaⁿ ûi thô͘-thoàⁿ  he̍k chiau-mûi kan-liû āu ê kò͘-thài sán-bu̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jiân-liāu
Lūi-pia̍t:Iá-kim
Melissa McCarthy

**Melissa Ann McCarthy** (1970 nî 8 goe̍h 26 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê ián-oân, chhiò-khoe gē-jîn, chok-ka, sî-sek siat-kè-su kiam chè-chok-jîn.
Boko Haram

**Boko Haram**, mā chū-chheng sī **I-su-lân Kok Sai Hui-chiu Séng** (A-lá-pek-gí: الولاية الإسلامية غرب أفريقيا‎‎ *al-Wilāyat al-Islāmiyya Gharb Afrīqiyyah*), sī chi̍t cho͘ I-su-lân ke̍k-toan-chú-gī thoân-thé. In chú-iàu tī Nigeria kap Chad, Niger, Cameroon téng kok oa̍h-tāng.

## Chù-kái

## Iân-sin oa̍t-tho̍k

* Abimbola Adesoji: *The Boko Haram Uprising and Islamic Revivalism in Nigeria.* In: Africa Spectrum 45/2, 2010, pp.&nbsp;95–108.
* Roman Loimeier: *[https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/afsp/article/view/555/553 Boko Haram: The Development of a Militant Religious Movement in Nigeria.]* In: Africa Spectrum 2–3, 2012, pp.&nbsp;137–155.
* Freedom C. Onuoha: *The Islamist Challenge. Nigeria’s Boko Haram Crisis explained.* In: African Security Review 19/2, 2010, pp.&nbsp;54–67.
* Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (ed.): *[https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/23853/ASC-075287668-3441-01.pdf Boko Haram: Islamism, politics, security an the state in Nigeria]* (West African Politics and Society Series. No. 2). African Studies Centre, Leiden 2014, .
* J. Peter Pham: *Boko Haram: The strategic evolution of the Islamic State's West African Province.* In: The Journal of the Middle East and Africa 7(1), 2016, pp.&nbsp;1–18, doi: 10.1080/21520844.2016.1152571.
* Mike Smith: *[https://books.google.de/books?id=g--VBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover Boko Haram: Inside Nigeria's Unholy War.]* I.B. Tauris, London & New York 2015, .
* Alexander Thurston, *[https://books.google.de/books?id=b00kDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover Boko Haram: The History of an African Jihadist Movement.]* Princeton University Press, Princeton & Oxford 2017.
* Muhammad Sani Umar: *The Popular Discourses of Salafi Radicalism and Counter-Radicalism in Nigeria: A Case Study of Boko Haram.* Journal of Religion in Africa 42(2), 2012, pp.&nbsp;118–144.
*Hillary Matfess. 2017. Women and the War on Boko Haram. University of Chicago Press.
*\
* – Article 5
*Jacob, J. U. and Akpan, I. (2015). Silencing Boko Haram: Mobile Phone Blackout and Counterinsurgency in Nigeria’s Northeast region, Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 4(1):8, 1–17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/sta.ey

## Gōa-pō͘  liân-kiat

* Diffa/Niger : Attacks by Boko Haram (as of 4 October 2015)
* 
* Counter Extremism Project profile
* "Silencing Boko Haram: Mobile Phone Blackouts and Counterinsurgency in Nigeria's Northeast Region" by Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob & Idorenyin Akpan (March 2015) 
* National Geographic, March 2015 How Northern Nigeria's Violent History Explains Boko Haram
*Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016 United States Department of State
*‘The disease is unbelief’: Boko Haram’s religious and political worldview By Alex Thurston The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World, January 2016
Sharia

**Sharia** (A-lá-pek-gí: شريعة‎‎ IPA: [ʃaˈriːʕa]) sī chi̍t thò Islam chong-kàu lu̍t-hoat, sǹg sī Islam thoân-thóng ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.

Lūi-pia̍t:Islam
TL;DR

**TL;DR** sī chi̍t-ê internet sio̍k-ōe, kán-lio̍k chū Eng-gí "*too long; didn't read*" (siuⁿ tn̂g, bô tha̍k). Che hông ēng-lâi piáu-ta̍t bāng-ló͘ téng lâng hoat-piáu ê bûn-jī siuⁿ kòe tn̂g phiⁿ, tha̍k-chiá bô hèng-chhù tha̍k ê chêng-hêng.

Chi̍t jī siōng-bô tùi 2003 nî tio̍h chhut-hiān, koh tī 2013 nî ê sî hông ka-ji̍p Oxford Dictionaries Online sû-tián.
Mississippi bûn-hòa

**Mississippi bûn-hòa** sī Pak Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn ê bûn-bêng, sī tong-tē thô͘-tun kiàn-chō bûn-hòa ê chi̍t khoán, chûn-chài tī kong-goân 800 kàu 1600 nî chó-iū, kok tē-hng bô kâng sî-kan.

Pún bûn-hòa pau-koat chē ê chng-siā, in chi kan ū bō͘-e̍k ê bāng-lō͘. Siāng tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Cahokia, sī chi̍t-ê chong-kàu ê tiong-sim.

Hâm kin-á-ji̍t Tōa-ô͘-khu lâm hōaⁿ, New York kap Pennsylvania chiu sai-pō͘, iân-sio̍k kòe Mississippi Hô iân hōaⁿ, sī pún bûn-hòa oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê hoān-ûi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pak Bí-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Bò͘-to͘

**Bò͘-to͘**, **théng** sī chi̍t-chéng tī chúi-bīn ku̍t-hêng he̍k phû î chúi-bīn ê chûn. Thang-siông chiah hái hêng î lāi-lio̍k chúi-he̍k （jî ô͘) he̍k iân-hái tē-khu. Put-kò, chhiūⁿ pó͘-hái-ang-théng chit lūi ê bò͘-to͘ chan siat-kè chok kīn-hái hái-hêng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chûn
Marquises Kûn-tó

**Marquises Kûn-tó** (Hoat-gí: *Îles Marquises*), Marquises-gí ū hō **Fenua Enata**, sī Lâm Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Hoat-kok léng Polynesia ê chi̍t kûn hóe-soaⁿ-tó, sī Hoat-kok só͘ niá ê hái-gōa chún-koān (海外準縣, *collectivité d'outre-mer*) ia̍h chiō sī chi̍t chióng hái-gōa léng-thó͘. 

Pún kûn-tó chú-iàu ê tó-sū pau-koat ū Nuku Hiva, Ua Pu, Ua Huka, Hiva Oa, kap Fatu Hiva.
Gravelotte Chiàn-tò͘

**Gravelotte Chiàn-tò͘** hoat-seng tī 1870 nî 8 goe̍h 18 ji̍t, tong-sî Hoat-kok ê goân-sòe Francois-Achille Bazaine tú ùi Mars-la-Tour chiàn-pāi, Phó͘-kok chiong-kun Helmut von Moltke hiòng Gravelotte hoat-tōng kong-kek, phài Friedrich Karl chhin-ông tī St. Privat tùi-khòng Bazaine ê iū-e̍k. Francois-Antoine Canrobert chhōa Hoat-kūn té-khòng Phó͘-kun, tè-bé siū jîn-sò͘ ap-chè thè-āu, liáu-āu Bazaine hiòng tang-pêng sóa tāng, ka-ji̍p Metz Kong-siâⁿ-chiàn.

## Chham-khó
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiàn-tò͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Phó͘-Hoat Chiàn-cheng
Lūi-pia̍t:1870 nî
Lauren Southern

**Lauren Southern** (1995 nî 6 goe̍h 15 ji̍t chhut-sì), sī Ka-ná-tah ê libertarian-phài oa̍h-tāng-chiá. I tī 2015 nî pat í Libertarian Tóng sin-hūn chham-ka soán-kí. 

2016 nî, i chiong ka-tī ê hoat-tēng sèng-pia̍t kái chò cha-po͘, lâi tián-hiān sin hoat-lu̍t ê khoan-iông.
Pau-ûi-chiàn

**Pau-ûi-chiàn** (Eng-gí: *siege*), chiàu tiûⁿ-ha̍p ia̍h ū **kong-siâⁿ**, **ûi-siâⁿ** téng kóng-hoat, sī kun-sū siōng ia̍h sī kî-tha chêng-hêng (pí-lūn kéng-chhat lia̍h lâng) lāi-bīn, hong-só jî-chhiá phah-sǹg beh kā siâⁿ-chhī, kun-lúi, ia̍h pa̍t khoán tē-tiám chiàm-niá ê hêng-tōng.
Hán-tó͘-luh

**Hán-tó͘-luh** sī hiān-tāi Chū-tōng-chhia ê chi̍t-ê tāng-iàu chó͘-sêng pō͘-kiāⁿ, thang-siông sī îⁿ-hêng. thong-kòe khòng-chè hán-tó͘-luh, su-ki ē-sái khòng chè khì chhia hêng-chìn ê hong-hiáng.
Iran kap Saudi A-la-pek ê tāi-lí chhiong-tu̍t

Iran kap Saudi A-la-pek chi kan ê tāi-lí chhiong-tu̍t kàu 2016 nî ûi-chí koh tng leh hoat-seng. Che nn̄g-ê kok-ka ùi in sì-ûi chē kok ê lōe-chiàn ia̍h sī sió-hêng chhiong-tu̍t lóng ū thêng-tō͘ put-téng ê kan-sia̍p, pau-koat Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn, Yemen Lōe-chiàn, Lebanon kok-lāi ê chhiong-tu̍t, 2014 nî khai-sí ê Iraq Lōe-chián, kap Tiong-a chham Pakistan téng tē-hng ê chhiong-tu̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:21 sè-kí
Darfur Chiàn-cheng

**Darfur Chiàn-cheng**, tāi-seng hông hō chò **Darfur Chhiong-tu̍t**, sī Hui-chiu Sudan kok Darfur tē-hng chē-ê sè-le̍k chi kan ê chiàn-sū. Chiàn-cheng chi̍t khai-sí sī 2003 nî 2 goe̍h sî Sudan Kái-hòng Ūn-tōng (*Sudan Liberation Movement*) kap Chèng-gī kap Pêng-téng Ūn-tōng (*Justice and Equality Movement*) nn̄g phài hiòng Sudan chèng-hú ê hoán-khòng. In chú-tiuⁿ chèng-hú ap-chè Darfur chāi-tē ê hui A-la-pek jîn-bîn, hit-tong-sî chèng-hú ê hoán-èng sī tìn-ap jî-chhiá hoat-tōng chéng-cho̍k piàⁿ-chheng. 

Tû-liáu chèng-hú, koh ū chi̍t kûn hō-chò *[[Janjaweed]]* ê bîn-kun cho͘-chit, tī tē-hng thâi kóaⁿ í hui-A-la-pek bîn-cho̍k ûi-chú ê jîn-bîn, pah-bān jîn-kháu cháu-siám chhut goân khiā ê só͘-chāi, koh chō-sêng keh-piah ê Chad mā tô ji̍p chiâⁿ 10 bān ê lān-bîn.

Sū-kiāⁿ chō-sêng kúi-a cha̍p bān lâng sí-bông. Sudan chóng-thóng Omar al-Bashir hō͘ Kok-chè Hêng-sū Hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ bia̍t-cho̍k, chiàn-cheng-chōe, kap hoán-jîn-lūi chōe-miâ.
Iá-mih

**Iá-mih**() sī chi̍t-chéng tē-hā keng-chē. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Keng-chè-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Hoān-choē
Hì-that-pēⁿ

**Hì-that-pēⁿ** (Eng-gí: *chronic obstructive pulmonary disease*, ì-sù sī: "bān-sèng  chó͘-sek-sèng (阻塞-) hì-pēⁿ, kán-lio̍k: COPD), sī 1 chióng hì-pēⁿ, goân-in ū khong-khì ù-jiám, pok-hun, ló-hoà (老化), tì-kàu hì-pō͘ tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hoat-iām, sàu-bē-thêng, he-ku-chhoán téng chìng-thâu.

## Chù-kha
Ia̋n-jín

**Ia̋n-jín** (ia̍h kiò-tsò e̋n-jín, e̋n-z̭ín, hoat-tōng-ki), Hok-kiàn Bân-lâm-gí kiò **ín-kèng**, sī kā chhìn-chhái hêng-sek ê lêng-liāng chóan-hòa ûi ki-hâi-lêng ê chng-tì.

## Tôo-siōng

File:Jet engine.svg|Jet engine uses heat of combustion to generate a high-velocity exhaust as a form of reaction engine. Mechanical energy to power the aircraft's electrical and hydraulic systems can be taken from the turbine shaft, but thrust is produced by expelled exhaust gas.
File:IC engine.JPG |E̋n-z̭ín.
File:Emile Salmson watercooled radial engine 1915.jpg|Motor de un avión de 1915, con disposición radial y refrigerado con agua.
File:Lamborghini Murcielago V12.JPG|Motor V 12 de automóvil, utilizado en un Lamborghini Murciélago.
File:Yamaha 192.JPG|Mesin 1992 Jordan Yamaha 192 OX99.
File:Williams FW11 and Honda RA166E 2015 Honda Collection Hall.jpg|Mesin dari 1986 Williams FW11 dan Honda RA166E .
File:Ferrari 056 engine (2007) rear Museo Ferrari.jpg|Mesin Ferrari Tipo 056 (2007) darti Ferrari F2007.
File:Mercedes V6 DTM Rennmotor 1996.jpg|E̋n-z̭ín V6 Mercedes, 1996.
File:Model Engine Luc Viatour.jpg|Model e̋n-z̭ín.
File:Model Engine B Luc Viatour.jpg|Model e̋n-z̭ín.
File:Water turbine grandcoulee.jpg|thumb|Turbina hidráulica Francis na represa de Grand Coulee, Estados Unidos.


## Chù-kha

## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

* J.G. Landels, *Engineering in the Ancient World*,  

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* 
* Detailed Engine Animations 
* Working 4-Stroke Engine – Animation 
* Animated illustrations of various engines
* 5 Ways to Redesign the Internal Combustion Engine 
* Article on Small SI Engines.
* Article on Compact Diesel Engines. 
* Detailed Engine Classification 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ên-jín
Jiâk-kùh

**Jiâk-kùh**() sī kā nn̄g pêng chit-pò͘ chiām-sî kiat-ha̍p ​​tī chò-hóe ê chi̍t-chéng pō͘-kiāⁿ , siông-kiàn î saⁿ, siuⁿ, chhiú-tē, tiùⁿ-phâng kap chōe-tē téng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ke-si
Lūi-pia̍t:Ho̍k-chong
Chio̍h-àn-thâm

**Chio̍h-àn-thâm** (石案潭) sī Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī A-lian-khu ē-té ê tē-hng, só͘-chāi tī A-lian chhī-lāi sai-pak-pêng.

## Le̍k-sú
Chng-siā kiam sì-ûi tē-hng sī 1920 nî só͘ siat Kong-san-kūn A-lian-chng koán-lāi ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng-khu, chiàu 1939 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông khiā-khí jîn-kháu 2427 lâng.

## Kau-thong
* Ko 12
* Ko 9

## Chham-khó

## Liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tōa-jī
Kha-lá-ó͘-khé

**Kha-lá-ó͘-khé**(カラオケ) sī chi̍t-chéng goân chū î Ji̍t-pún ê gû-lo̍k sèng-chit chhiùⁿ-koa oa̍h-tāng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chhiùⁿ-koa
Phîn-phông

**Phîn-phông** iah-sī **pîn-pô** (Ha̍k-miâ: *Sterculia monosperma*) sī gím-kûi-kho (錦葵科, *Malvaceae*)--ê si̍t-bu̍t, i ê chí kap la̍t-chí (栗籽) kâng-khoán thang thê-lâi chhá, chò chia̍h-mi̍h.
Ian-bū

**Ian-bū** (煙霧, Eng-gí: *Smog*) iah-sī **bū-mâi** (霧霾) sī iû kò͘-thé lia̍p-á (pí-lūn eng-ia) hêng-sêng--ê khong-khì ù-jiám. Ē tì-kàu sim-hoeh-kńg hē-thóng kap ho͘-khip hē-thóng (呼吸-) téng--ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. Ian-bū gîam-tiōng--ê sî mā chō-sêng sī-soàⁿ bô-hó, tì-kàu kau-thong sū-kò.

## Chham-khó
*phû-koân lia̍p-á (浮懸粒仔)
*PM10, PM2.5
Ná-poa̍t-nâ

**Ná-poa̍t-nâ** (𦰡拔林/那拔林) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-lâm-chhī Sin-hòa-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng, só͘-chāi tī Sin-hòa chhī-lāi (Tōa-ba̍k-kàng) ê tang-pak-pêng.

## Le̍k-sú
Ná-poa̍t-nâ chng-siā kiam sì-ûi tē-hng sī 1920 nî só͘ siat Sin-hòa-kūn Sin-hòa-ke koán lāi ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng-khu, chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông khiā-khí jîn-kháu 1802 lâng; lāi-bīn Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k chiàm 184 ê.

## Kau-thong
* Tâi 20
* Lâm 173
* Lâm 177

## Chham-khó

## Liân-kiat
*
GoldenEye

***GoldenEye*** sī 1995 nî chhut-phín ê tiān-iáⁿ, sī James Bond hē-lia̍t ê tē 17 chi̍p, mā sī Pierce Brosnan chú-ián ê thâu chi̍t chhut. Tiān-iáⁿ ê kàn-tok sī Martin Campbell; *GoldenEye* sī tē-it chhut m̄-sī tùi Ian Fleming siáu-soat kái--lâi-ê Bond tiān-iáⁿ.
Pierce Brosnan

**Pierce Brendan Brosnan** (1953 nî 5 goe̍h 16 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Ài-ní-lân ê ián-goân. I tī 1995 nî kàu 2002 nî kî-kan ián-chhut James Bond hē-lia̍t. Kî-tha chok-phín iáu ū *[[Dante's Peak]]*, *The November Man* téng chhut.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân ê jîn-bu̍t
Elton John

Sir **Elton Hercules John**, CBE (1947 nî 3 goe̍h 25 ji̍t chhut-sì), goân-miâ **Reginald Kenneth Dwight**, sī Eng-kok ê koa-chhiú, kǹg-khîm-ka, kiam chok-khek-ka.
Hái-po͘-chhù

**Hái-po͘-chhù** (海埔厝) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī Lo̍k-káng-tìn lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng, só͘-chāi tī Lo̍k-káng chhī-lāi ê pak-pêng.

## Le̍k-sú
Hái-po͘-chhù chng-siā kiam sì-ûi tē-hng sī 1920 nî só͘ siat Chiong-hòa-kūn Lo̍k-káng-ke koán lāi ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng-khu, chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông khiā-khí jîn-kháu 2892 lâng.

## Kau-thong
* Tâi 17
* Chiong 24 (彰24)
* Chiong 25

## Chham-khó

## Liân-kiat
*
Khin-sió-soat

**Khin-sió-soat** iah-sī **kheng-siáu-soat** (Ji̍t-gí:  *Raito Noberu*) sī chi̍t chióng Ji̍t-pún hoat-bêng--ê sió-soat lūi-hêng--ê miâ. Kin-kù Ji̍t-keng BP (日經-) *Kheng-siáu-soat Oân-choân Tho̍k-pún* ()--ê tēng-gī, sī: hong-bin kap chhap-tô͘ chē-chē ēng tōng-oē hong-kheh--ê hō͘ siàu-liân-lâng khoàⁿ--ê sió-soat. Pâu-hâm kho-hoàn, loân-ài téng. Mā ū kái chò ang-á-oē iah-sī tōng-oē--ê, pí-lūn: ** ().

## Chù-kha
Khó͘-pih

**Khó͘-pih** (Eng-gí: *copy*) iah-sī **hok-chè** (複製), sī lēng-goā chè-chō chi̍t ê kah mó͘-mih mi̍h-kiāⁿ kâng-khoán--ê mi̍h--ê hêng-ûi. Tī *[[Tù-chok-koân Hoat]]* tiong sǹg-sī têng-chè (重製). 

## Chham-khó
*ka-tiāu, khó͘-pih kap tah *(cut, copy & paste)*: khòng-chè tiān-náu--ê tōng-chok
*khó͘-pih ki-á *(photocopier)*
*bô͘-siá (摹寫)
*tù-chok-koân
*clone
Chhùi-chhiu khau-á

3 phìⁿ to-phìⁿ ê chhùi-chhiu-khau-á. To-phìⁿ ē-tàng thè-ōaⁿ.|thumb

**Chhùi-chhiu khau-á** sī chi̍t-khoán kā chhùi-chhiu (chi̍t chióng seⁿ tī chhùi piⁿ-á--ê mo͘) khau-tiāu--ê ke-si. Ū chhiú-tōng iā ū tiān-tōng--ê, mā ū sio-siâng--ê mo͘-khau-á (Koaⁿ-oē:  *chúmáodāo*).

## Tiān-tōng chhùi-chhiu khau-á

Tiān-tōng chhùi-chhiu-khau-á thang hun-chò tńg-se̍h-sek kap lâi-óng-sek 2 chióng. Tiān-tōng chhùi-chhiu-khau-á pēng chhiú-tōng--ê khah bē siong--tio̍h phôe-hu, khah an-choân. Tiān-tōng chhùi-chhiu-khau-á tio̍h-ài chhah-tiān, chhiong-tiān ia̍h-sī tàu tiān-tî chiah ū-hoat-tō͘ ēng.

## Chham-khó
*khau-á
*to-á
James Bond

**James Bond**, iā hō chò **007** he̍k-chiá **7-hō Chêng-pò-oân**,  sī chi̍t hē kâng-miâ kak-sek ûi chú pian--chhut-lâi ê chhòng-chok. Kò͘-sū lāi-bīn James Bond sī chi̍t ūi Eng-kok ê chêng-pò-oân, siāng chá sī Ian Fleming tī 1953 nî khai-sí hoat-piáu tī i 12 pún siáu-soat kap 2 phiⁿ té-phiⁿ kò͘-sū lāi-bīn. Fleming tī 1964 nî kòe-sin liáu-āu, iáu ū kî-tha ê chok-chiá kè-sio̍k thè James Bond siá sin-ê kò͘-sū.

Tiān-sī, tiān-iáⁿ, la-jí-oh, ang-á-ōe, kap bí-tí-oh-gém téng hêng-sek, mā lóng ū chhut kòe James Bond ê kái-pian pán-pún. 

## Tiān-iáⁿ

Tiān-iáⁿ ê hong-bīn thâu chi̍t chhut sī 1962 nî chhut-phín, chhōe Sean Connery poaⁿ Bond ê *[[Dr. No]]*. Kàu 2017 nî ûi-chí, lóng-chóng Eon Production kong-si chè-chok ê pán-pún ū 24 chi̍p. Lēng-gōa iā ū 2 chhut sī to̍k-li̍p chè-chok--ê, sī 1967 nî chhiò-khoe pán-pún ê *[[Casino Royale (1967 nî|Casino Royale]]*, kap 1983 nî ê *[[Never Say Never Again]]*.
Kiàⁿ

:*Kî-thaⁿ hō chò "kiàⁿ" ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ [[kiàⁿ (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)]].*

**Kiàⁿ** sī te̍k-pia̍t chè-chō beh lâi hoán-siā kng-sòaⁿ ê mi̍h. Phó͘-thong hiān-tāi-lâng seng-oa̍h siōng lī-ēng ê kiàⁿ, sī ēng po-lê chò chú-iàu châi-chit.

Kiàⁿ ùi sán-gia̍p he̍k-chiá kho-ha̍k siōng mā ū te̍k-sû ê sú-iōng, pí-lūn tiàu-kiàⁿ chiō sī keng-kòe kiàⁿ ê hoán-siā goân-lí sán-seng thang hông khòaⁿ hn̄g ê hāu-kó.

## Siong-koan
* Chiò-iáⁿ

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-iōng-phín
Kong-chhia chia̍t-ūn hē-thóng

**Kong-chhia chia̍t-ūn hē-thóng**, mā kiò chò **khoài-sok kong-kau hē-thóng** ia̍h-sī **BRT**, sī iōng kong-chhia chò ki-chhó͘ hoat-tián chhut-lâi ê kong-kiōng ūn-su hē-thóng.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Chia̍t-ūn
*Ka-gī BRT
Ē-mn̂g BRT

**Ē-mn̂g BRT**, mā kiò chò **Ē-mn̂g Khoài-sok kong-kau**, sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Ē-mn̂g-chhī ê kong-chhia chia̍t-ūn hē-thóng (BRT), tī 2008 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chèng-sek khai-sí sái, ū 3 ê BRT khoài-soàⁿ, 11 ê liân-kiat-soàⁿ kap 1 ê ki-tiûⁿ choan-soàⁿ.
Kedukan Bukit bûn-su

**Kedukan Bukit bûn-su** sī 1920 nî 11 goe̍h 28 Dutchman M. Batenburg tī kin-á-ji̍t Ìn-nî Lâm Sumatera hoat-kiàn--ê. Che sī Má-lâi-gí só͘ liû-chûn siāng kó͘ ê su-siá piau-pún, sio̍k-í Kó͘ Má-lâi-gí hêng-sek. Bûn-su sī sú-iōng chi̍t khoán Ìn-tō͘ lâm-pō͘ thoân kòe ê Vatteluttu bûn-jī, khek tī chi̍t tè 45 × 80 kong-hun ê chio̍h-thâu téng. Bûn-su só͘ sio̍k ê sî-kan chiàu lōe-iông sī tāi-khāi 682 nî ê sî-chūn.

Lūi-pia̍t:Má-lâi-gí
Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-nî ê le̍k-sú
Siu-im-ki

**Siu-im-ki** () sī chi̍t-chéng sió-hêng ê bô-sòaⁿ-tiān siu-sìn-ki. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hòng-sàng
Lūi-pia̍t:Siau-hùi-chiá tiān-chú sán-phín
La-kiât-tò͘

**La-kiât-tò͘**() sī chi̍t-kóa kiû-lūi ūn-tōng tiong iōng-lâi kek-kiû ê pêng-pán-chōng iōng-khū.

Lūi-pia̍t:Su-pò͘-chuh
Kah-á

**Kah-á**(䘥仔) sī tùi bô-ńg saⁿ-á ê thóng-chheng, pau-koat chò lāi-saⁿ ê kah-á kap chò gōa-thò ê kah-á.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ho̍k-chong
Gro Harlem Brundtland

**Gro Harlem Brundtland** () sī Nô͘-ui ê chèng-tī-chiá, i chò kòe 3-jīm Nô͘-ui chóng-lí (1981 nî, 1986 nî kàu 1989 nî, 1990 nî kàu 1996 nî). 1998 nî kàu 2003 nî, i sī Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit ê kàn-sū-tiúⁿ.

## Chham-khó
*
Spice Girls

**Spice Girls** sī Eng-kok ê pop thoân-thé, 1994 nî sêng-li̍p, goân-chhòng sêng-oân ū Melanie Brown, Melanie Chisholm, Emma Bunton, Geri Halliwell, kap Victoria Adams.
Lián-tàng

**Lián-tàng** sī chi̍t-chéng phang-siū chōng ê tōa-mûi, tī phang-siū mûi-lô͘ tiong chò jiân-liāu jiân-sio, chan-keng sī Tang-a kúi-nā ki-bîn ê chú-iàu ka-iōng jiân-liāu.
Kansas Léng-thó͘

**Kansas Léng-thó͘** (Eng-gí: *Territory of Kansas*) sī Bí-kok le̍k-sú-siōng ê chi̍t-ê cho͘-chit-hòa bī-ha̍p-pèng léng-thó͘ (*organized incorporated territory*), 1854 nî 5 goe̍h 30 ji̍t sêng-li̍p, 1861 nî 1 goe̍h 29 ji̍t hòe-chí, hit chūn tang-pêng pō͘-hūn chiō sin siat liáu ka-ji̍p liân-pang ê Kansas Chiu.

Pún léng-thó͘ hoān-ûi pau-koat kin-á-ji̍p Kansas Chiu kap pō͘-hūn Colorado.
Arkansas Hô

**Arkansas Hô** sī Mississippi Hô ê chi̍t chōa tōa chi-liû, lâu kòe Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, kap Arkansas.
Mount Sunflower

**Mount Sunflower** (ì-sù: "Thài-iông-hoe Soaⁿ") sī Kansas ê chū-jiân chòe-ko-tiám, só͘-chāi tī Wallace Kūn, óa-kīn Colorado pian-kài. Pún tiám hái-poa̍t 1,231 kong-chhioh, nā tùi Kansas chiu lāi chòe-kē-tiám lâi sǹg, chha 1,010 kong-chhioh koân.
Tē-lí-tek tiong-sim

**Tē-lí-tek tiong-sim** sī chiàu it-tēng hong-hoat kè-sǹg, chhōe--chhut-lâi ê bó͘ chi̍t hoān-ûi ê pêⁿ-bîn siōng ê tiong-sim. Khó-lū bô-kâng ê in-sò͘, só͘ chhōe tio̍h ê tiong-sim sī bô-kâng--ê, jî-chhiá si̍t-chè siōng nā sī chham-khó put-sî teh piàn-tōng ê hāng-bo̍k, pí-lūn hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ, tiong-sim sî bô hoat-tō͘ kò͘-tēng chi̍t ūi--ê. Chóng-sī chin chē só͘-chāi ē te̍k-pia̍t chhōe chhut chi̍t ūi tāi-piáu-sèng ê tiong-sim chò chham-khó he̍k-chiá kì-liām.
Victoria Beckham

**Victoria Caroline Beckham** (goân-sèⁿ *Adams*; 1974 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t chhut-sì), sī Eng-kok ê koa-chhiú, model, seng-lí-lâng. I sī 1990 nî-tāi chò ián-gē thoân-thé Spice Girls sêng-oân khai-sí chhut-miâ--ê.
Lè-sìr

**Lè-sìr**(; ) sī chi̍t-chéng í pîn-hoân tiông-ho̍k ê hoe-chháu ûi te̍k-tiám ê pháng-chit kang-gia̍p.
El Dorado

:*"El Dorado" ê kî-tha ì-sù, khòaⁿ [[El Dorado (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)]].*

**El Dorado** (Se-pan-gâ-gí ho͘-im: [el doˈɾaðo]; ì-sù: "chi̍t-ê nn̂g-kim--ê") chi̍t jī, goân-lâi sī Se-pan-gâ Tè-kok tùi Colombia chi̍t ūi Muisca pō͘-cho̍k thoân-soat siú-léng ê chheng-hō, kóng i boah kui-sin-ku ê kim-á-hún ùi ô͘ lāi pān gî-sek. Āu--lâi *El Dorado* ê tāi-chì koh ùi jîn-bu̍t thoân chò chi̍t chō siâⁿ-chhī, sīm-chì sī ông-kok kap tè-kok. Só͘-í *El Dorado* mā thang kiò "N̂g-kîm-siâⁿ" he̍k-chiá "N̂g-kim-kok", chin chē Au-chiu thàm-hiám-ka tī Bí-chiu ê oa̍h-tāng chiō sī ūi tio̍h bé chhōe hit-ê só͘-chāi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Gí-giân Su-siá Hē-thóng

**Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Gí-giân Su-siá Hē-thóng** (原住民族語言書寫系統) sī Tâi-oân koaⁿ-hong tī 2005 nî kong-pò͘ ê chi̍t thò sú-iōng lô-má-jī su-siá Tâi-oân goân-chū-bîn kok-chióng giân-gú ê hē-thóng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê giân-gí
Ke-lâng-chhī (chiu-hat-chhī)

**Ke-lâng-chhī** (基隆市) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tiong-kî (1924 nî kàu 1945 nî) chûn-chāi ê hêng-chèng-khu, lē-sio̍k tī Tâi-pak-chiu, ùi Ke-lâng-ke seng-keh lâi ê. I-ê koán-hat hoān-ûi pau-hâm kin-á-ji̍t Ke-lâng-chhī ê Tiong-san-khu, Tiong-chèng-khu, Jîn-ài-khu, Sìn-gī-khu kap An-lo̍k-khu.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiu-hat-chhī
El Dorado (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

**[[El Dorado]]** sī thoân-soat ê n̂g-kim-ông, n̂g-kim-siâⁿ, ia̍h n̂g-kim-kok. Kî-tha hō chò *El Dorado* ia̍h sī *Eldorado* ê só͘-chāi kap pa̍t khoán sú-iōng koh ū:

## Só͘-chāi
### Argentina
* Eldorado, Misiones
* Eldorado Department

### Australia
* Eldorado, Victoria

### Pa-se
* Eldorado, São Paulo
* Eldorado, Mato Grosso do Sul
* Eldorado do Sul

### Canada
* Eldorado, Ontario
* Eldorado, Saskatchewan
* Eldorado Creek, Yukon

### Colombia
*El Dorado, Meta
*El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá, Colombia

### Mexico
* El Dorado, Sinaloa

### Peru
* El Dorado Province, San Martín Region

### Lâm-hui-kok
* Eldorado, Limpopo

### Bí-kok
* Eldorado River
* El Dorado, Arkansas
* El Dorado, California 
* Mountain Ranch, California
* El Dorado, Kansas
* El Dorado Kūn, California
** El Dorado AVA
* El Dorado Hills, California
* Eldorado Township, Minnesota
* El Dorado Springs, Missouri
* El Dorado, Houston
* Eldorado, Illinois
* Eldorado, Maryland
* Eldorado, Nebraska
* Eldorado Township, Clay County, Nebraska
* Eldorado at Santa Fe, New Mexico
* Eldorado, Ohio 
* Eldorado, Oklahoma 
* Eldorado, Texas
* Eldorado Glacier, Washington
* Eldorado Peak, Washington
* Eldorado, Wisconsin
* Eldorado (community), Wisconsin

### Trinidad
* El Dorado, Trinidad

### Uruguay
* El Dorado, Uruguay

### Venezuela
* El Dorado, Venezuela

### Zimbabwe
* Eldorado, Zimbabwe
Maya Angelou

**Marguerite Annie Johnson** (1928 nî 4 goe̍h 4 ji̍t  – 2014 nî 5 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê si-jîn kiam kong-bîn khoân-lī oa̍h-tāng-chiá.
Kì-ek sòng-sit

**Kì-ek sòng-sit** (Eng-gí: *amnesia*) sī chí lâng bô-hoat-tō͘ siūⁿ khí chìn-chêng ê chu-sìn he̍k-chiá kì tiāu koan-hē bī-lâi tāi-chì ê chu-sìn. Kì-ek sòng-sit ū khó-lêng sī chiām-sî he̍k-chiá éng-kiú ê chèng-thâu.

## Chham-khó
*
Kim-sūi-chióng

**Kim-sūi-chióng** (金穗獎), chèng-sek ê miâ-hō sī **Chióng-lē Iu-liông Iáⁿ-siōng Chhòng-chok Kim-sūi-sióng** (獎勵優良影像創作金穗獎) sī iû Tâi-oân ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Bûn-hoà-pō͘ só͘ koán-hat ê Kok-ka Tiān-iáⁿ Tiong-sim kí-pān ê tiān-iáⁿ chióng-hāng, ūi-tio̍h beh kó͘-lē Tâi-oân ê tiān-iáⁿ kang-chok-jîn hip kap chè-chok hui-siong-gia̍p-sèng ê kio̍k-chêng tiān-iáⁿ, kì-lo̍k-phìⁿ, si̍t-giām tiān-iáⁿ kap tōng-ōe téng-teng. Chit-ê chióng-hāng tī 1978 nî chhòng-li̍p, tú khai-sí hō-chò **Si̍t-giām Tiān-iáⁿ Kim-sūi-chióng** (實驗電影金穗獎), lo̍h-bóe keng-le̍k chē-chē pái kái-miâ, bo̍k-chiân Kim-sūi-chióng lóng-chóng hun chò "It-poaⁿ Chok-phíⁿ Chióng" (一般作品獎), "Ha̍k-seng Thoân-thé Chok-phín Chióng" (學生團體作品獎) kap "Kò-jîn Tan-hāng Piáu-hiān Chióng" (個人單項表現獎). 2010 nî 7 goe̍h 19 hō tē-33 kài Kim-sūi-sióng khai-sí teng-kiāⁿ, pēng chāi 2011 nî 1 goe̍h 18 hō kong-pò ji̍p-soán miâ-toaⁿ.
Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ Cheh

**Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-cheh** (Hàn: 台北電影節; Eng: *Taipei Film Festival*) sī Tâi-oân ta̍k-nî tī Tâi-pak-chhī kí-pān ê tiān-iáⁿ-cheh. Chú-iàu iû 2-toā kēng-sài tan-goân "Kok-chè Sin Tō-ián Kēng-sài" (國際新導演競賽), "Tâi-pak Tiān-ián-chióng" (台北電影獎) kap chú-tê siâⁿ-chhī tan-goân só͘ cho͘-sêng.

1988 nî iû *[[Tiong-sî Boán-pò]]* chhòng-li̍p ê "Tiong-sî Boán-pò Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng" (中時晚報電影獎), tī 1994 nî khai-sí kái-miâ chò "Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng" (台北電影獎), hun chò siong-gia̍p kap hui-siōng-gia̍p 2 lūi. Ùi 1998 nî khí, Tâi-pak-chhī Chèng-hú ka-ji̍p chú-pān hâng-lia̍t. 2002 nî khí, Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-cheh ka-ji̍p "Siâⁿ-chhī Chú-tê Tan-goân", kui-ōe hit-ê siâⁿ-chhī ia̍h-sī kok-ka ê tiān-iáⁿ kap chō-tâm-hōe téng-téng oa̍h-tāng.
Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ

**Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ** (台語電影), mā hō-chò **Tâi-gí-phìⁿ** (台語片), hia̍p-gī-siōng sī ēng Tâi-oân-ōe phòe-im ê tiān-iáⁿ.

Bo̍k-chiân ê Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ sī choan-bûn kóng Tâi-oân tī 1955 nî kàu 1981 nî, ēng Tâi-gí hoat-im ê Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ, chham hit-tang-chūn ê Kok-gí-phìⁿ kap Hā-gí-phìⁿ chò khu-keh. Tī Tâi-gí-phìⁿ lāi, bô-lūn kak-sek ê pòe-kéng sī siáⁿ-mi̍h, it-lu̍t lóng sī Tâi-gí hoat-im ûi-chú; che chham tong-sî ê Kok-gí-phìⁿ ê chêng-hòng sio-kāng. 1982 nî āu, tiān-iáⁿ lāi ê gí-giân put-chài siū-tio̍h chè-iok, koh ka-siōng chè-chok hong-sek mā kap kòe-khì ê hong-hoat bô-kāng, só͘-í bô tī "Tâi-gí-phìⁿ" ê tēng-gī hoān-ûi lāi.

Lēng-goā, chòe-āu chi̍t phō Tâi-gí tiān-iáⁿ sī 1981 nî iû Iûⁿ Lē-hoa chú-iáⁿ ê koa-á-hì tiān-iáⁿ *[[Tân Saⁿ Gō͘-niû (tiān-iáⁿ)|Tân Saⁿ Gō͘-niû]]*. 1955 nî kàu 1981 nî tiong-kan, Tâi-gí-phìⁿ chóng-sán-liōng ta̍t 1000-goā phō, hiān-chûn chāi Kok-ka Tiān-iáⁿ Tiong-sim ê chok-phín tāi-iok ū 200-goā phō. Lēng-goā, sin sè-kí to-goân tiān-iáⁿ tiông-jiân Tâi-gí jia̍t-tiâu, m̄-koh chē-chē lóng sī thàu-lām Ji̍t-gí kap Hoâ-gí ê chok-phín, chhin-chhiūⁿ 2005 nî ê *[[Phû-sè Kng-iáⁿ]]*.
Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ

**Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ** (hàn-jī: 台灣電影) sī tī Tâi-oân seng-sán kap chè-chok ê tiān-iáⁿ, ùi Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi khai-sí, hām ta̍k-ê sî-tāi ê siā-hōe hoat-tián sek-sek-siong-koan. Tong-kim ê Tâi-oân siā-hoē ū to-goân ê bûn-hoà ki-chhó͘, chū-iû koh hū-iú chhòng-chok-le̍k, só͘-í ē-tàng hō͘ tiān-iáⁿ kang-chok-chiá liông-hó ê chhun-tián bú-tâi, pēng tī Hoâ-gí tiān-iáⁿ ê pán-tô͘ téng hoat-hui it-tēng ê éng-hióng-la̍t.

Tâi-oân kā ka-kī seng-sán ê tiān-iáⁿ hō-chò **Kok-phìⁿ** (國片), iā-chiū-sī kok-sán iáⁿ-phìⁿ ê ì-sù; put-kò chit-khoán kóng-hoat kan-na the̍h-lâi kóng 1945 nî Kok-bîn Chèng-hú chiap-siu Tâi-oân liáu-āu, he̍k-chiá sī 1949 nî lióng-hoāⁿ hun-tī liáu-āu ê Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ.

## Chham-khó
Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng Chòe-ka Lâm-chú-kak

Tâi-oân **Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng Chòe-ka Lâm-chú-kak** (台北電影獎最佳男主角) he̍k-chióng iáⁿ-phìⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ:
Hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ

**Hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ** (行政院長), mā hō-chò **Koh-kûi** (閣揆), sī Tâi-oân Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ê siú-tiúⁿ, mā sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Chèng-hú kok hêng-chèng pō͘-bûn ê siōng-koân léng-tō-chiá. Iû Chóng-thóng ti̍t-chiap jīm-bēng, i-ê chit-ūi siong-tong-î kî-thaⁿ kiōng-hô-chè kok-ka ê lōe-koh chóng-lí. Chóng-thóng hām Hú-chóng-thóng kāng-sî bô-hoat-tō͘ sī-sū sî, hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ tāi-hêng chóng-thóng chit-khoân. Hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ sī tāi-chóng-thóng sūn-ūi tē-jī ūi, tē-it ūi sī hú-chóng-thóng.

Hêng-chèng-īⁿ ê tē-it jīm īⁿ-tiúⁿ sī Tâm Iân-khái; hêng-hiàn āu ê tē-it jīm sī Ang Bûn-hō; poaⁿ-soá Tâi-oân liáu-āu chiah chiū-jīm ê tē-it jīm īⁿ-tiúⁿ sī Tân Sêng, hiān-jīm sī Tân Kiàn-jîn.

## Le̍k-jīm īⁿ-tiúⁿ
### Hêng-hiàn chìn-chêng

### Hêng-hiàn liáu-āu

## Iáu-koh chāi-sè ê īⁿ-tiúⁿ
*Liân Chiàn
*Siau Bān-tiông
*Tn̂g Hui
*Tiuⁿ Chùn-hiông
*Iû Sek-khun
*Siā Tiông-têng
*So͘ Cheng-chhiong
*Lâu Tiāu-hiân
*Gô͘ Tun-gī
*Tân Chhiong
*Kang Gî-hoâ
*Mô͘ Tī-kok
*Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng
*Lîm Choân
*Lōa Chheng-tek
*Tân Kiàn-jîn

## Siong-koan
Ma-lá-sóng

**Ma-lá-sóng** () sī chi̍t-hāng khó-giām tòng-thâu ê tn̂g-cháu ūn-tōng.

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Lio̍k-siōng ūn-tōng ê hāng-bo̍k
Lia̍h-liông

**Lia̍h-liông** (Ma-sâ-chì) sī thong-kòe seng-khu chiap chhiok, tùi phôe-hu hā ê kin-bah chìn-hêng chek-a̍h iah chhun ê hêng-ûi.
Elbridge Gerry

**Elbridge Thomas Gerry** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1813 nî kàu 1814 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Daniel D. Tompkins

**Daniel D. Tompkins** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1814 nî kàu 1825 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Hā-gí-phìⁿ

**Hā-gí-phìⁿ** (廈語片) sī tī Hiong-káng chè-chok ê Ē-mn̂g-ōe tiān-iáⁿ. I chú-iàu ê chhī-tiûⁿ sī tī-leh Tâi-oân kap Tang-lâm-a téng-téng sú-iōng Bân-lâm-gí ê Bân-lâm-lâng siā-hōe; chin chió tī-leh Hiong-káng pún-thó͘ hòng-sàng.

## Le̍k-sú
1947 nî, Hui-li̍p-pin seng-lí-lâng Ngó͘ Hông-pok kap Tè Iū-bín tī Hiong-káng siat-li̍p Sin-kong Tiān-iáⁿ Kong-si, choan-bûn hip Hā-gí-phìⁿ. Tē-it chhut phìⁿ sī iû Lō͘ Hông kap Iûⁿ Î-hàn chú-ián ê *[[Siong-hông-hūn-boán]]* (相逢恨晚). Soah-lo̍h-khì koh ū Lō͘ Hn̂g kap N̂g Eng chú-ián ê *[[Phò-kèng-tiông-oân]]* (破鏡重圓).

1949 nî Sin Tiong-kok kiàn-li̍p liáu-āu, ùi Hok-kiàn Bân-lâm tē-khu ê Ē-mn̂g kap Choân-chiu só͘-chāi poaⁿ-soá lâi Hiong-káng ê ián-gē jîn-sū, hun-hun ka-ji̍p Hā-gí-phìⁿ ê hâng-lia̍t. In lī-iōng Oa̍t-gí-phìⁿ ê siat-pī lâi hip kap chè-chok in-ê bó-gí tiān-iáⁿ, kî-tiong í kó͘-chong-hì khah chē.
John C. Calhoun

**John Caldwell Calhoun** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1825 nî kàu 1832 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Bí-kok kok chiu ê phiau-gí lia̍t-toaⁿ

Pún bûn-chiong khai-lia̍t Bí-kok kok chiu, kok léng-thó͘, kap Washington D.C. ê phiau-gí (*motto*).

## Phiau-gí

## Chù-kái

## Chham-khó

## Siong-koan
* Bí-kok kok chiu ê chhiok-hō lia̍t-toaⁿ

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok koan-liân lia̍t-toaⁿ
John C. Breckinridge

**John Cabell Breckinridge** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1857 nî kàu 1861 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Lâm-pō͘ Bí-kok Liân-bêng

**A-bí-lī-ka Liân-bêng-kok** (亞米利加聯盟國, ), ia̍h sī hoan-e̍k chò **Bí-kok Liân-ha̍p** (米國聯合), **Lâm-pō͘ Liân-ha̍p** (南部聯合), **Lâm-pō͘ Liân-bêng** (南部聯盟), **Lâm-pō͘ Pang-liân** (南部邦聯) he̍k-chiá **Lâm-pō͘ Bí-kok Liân-bêng** (南部米國聯盟), sī tī Lâm-pak Chiàn-cheng sî-hāu tùi Bí-kok lāi-bīn hun-lia̍t chhut-lâi ê chi̍t ê kok-ka. 1861 nî to̍k-li̍p, 1865 nî bia̍t-bông.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Bô-tī-leh ê kok-ka
Schuyler Colfax

**Schuyler Colfax Jr.** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1869 nî kàu 1873 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
George M. Dallas

**George Mifflin Dallas** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1845 nî kàu 1849 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
William A. Wheeler

**William Almon Wheeler** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1877 nî kàu 1881 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Civilization

:*"Civilization" tī Eng-gí ê goân ì-sù sī [[bûn-bêng]].*

***Sid Meier's Civilization*** sī Sid Meier kap Bruce Shelley chhōa-thâu tī MicroProse kong-si khai-hoat, ùi 1991 nî hoat-hêng ê tiān-náu iû-hì. Che sī chi̍t khoán hôe-ha̍p-chè ê bô͘-lio̍k iû-hì (*strategy game*), mā sǹg sī só͘ kóng "4X" gém ê chi̍t khoán. Sńg-chiá sī chhau-chok chi̍t-e "bûn-bêng" keng-kòe chē ê sî-tāi ián chìn ki-su̍t kap sè-le̍k, chiàu it-tēng kui-chek tit tio̍h sèng-lī.

## Chù-kha
Thomas A. Hendricks

**Thomas Andrews Hendricks** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1885 nî 3 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 11 goe̍h 25 ji̍t sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Levi P. Morton

**Levi Parsons Morton** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1889 nî kàu 1893 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Adlai E. Stevenson

**Adlai Ewing Stevenson** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1893 nî kàu 1897 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
William R. King

**William Rufus DeVane King** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1853 nî 3 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 4 goe̍h 18 ji̍t sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Charles W. Fairbanks

**Charles Warren Fairbanks** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1905 nî kàu 1909 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
James S. Sherman

**James Schoolcraft Sherman** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1909 nî kàu 1912 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Thomas R. Marshall

**Thomas Riley Marshall** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1913 nî kàu 1921 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Charles G. Dawes

**Charles Gates Dawes** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1925 nî kàu 1929 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Diablo (tiān-náu iû-hì)

***Diablo*** sī Blizzard North kang-chok-sek khai-hoat, Blizzard Entertainment kong-si tī 1996 nî 12 goe̍h 31 ji̍t khái-sí hoat-hêng ê RPG tiān-náu iû-hì.
Garret Hobart

**Garret Augustus Hobart** () sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 1897 nî kàu 1889 nî sī Bí-kok hù-chóng-thóng.
Piau-tiám

**Piau-tiám** (Eng-gí: *punctuation*), khah kū-sek ê kóng-hoat sī **tiám-kù**, sī sú-iōng khang-ūi, kì-hō, ia̍h sī kî-tha hong-hoat, lâi pang-chō͘ chèng-khak lí-kài bûn-chiong ê kang-hu, pau-koat ēng chhiú-siá, ìn-soat, he̍k-chiá sī tha̍k-chhut siaⁿ-im lâi tián-hiān. Khah phó͘-thong ê tiám-kù tio̍h sī sú-iōng phiau-tiám hû-hō ê hē-thóng tī bûn-pún téng-bīn chò kì-hō.

Tī chin chē su-siá hē-thóng, hâm hiān-tāi Hō-ló-ōe bûn-jī chāi-lāi, phiau-tiám hû-hō (tiám-kù ê kì-hō) í-keng sī siá bûn-kù ê sî pì-iàu ê sêng-hūn. Nā-sī tī chi̍t kóa kó͘ bûn-su, pí-lūn khah-chá ê Hàn-bûn, chèng-sek ê bûn-su pún-sin tiāⁿ sī bô tàu tiám-kù kì-hō--ê, su-iàu tha̍k-chiá ēng tiám-kù ê kang-hu lâi lēng-gōa tha̍k.

**Piau-tiám hû-hō**, ia̍h kán-tan kóng **piau-tiám**, sī bûn-jī hē-thóng ê te̍k-sû kì-hō. Ū bûn-jī ê gí-giân iōng phiau-tiám kì-hō cho͘-chit bûn-kù kap khak-tēng ì-sù. 

Sú-iōng phiau-tiám ê kang-hu hō-chò piau-tiám ia̍h tiám-kù, chóng-sī tiám-kù bô it-tēng ài siá chhut kì-hō.

Kó͘-chá bûn-giân-bûn-sek ê Hàn-bûn bô tàu piau-tiám, ū-ē bûn-chiuⁿ lāi-té tiám hō-chò kù-tāu ê piau-tiám, lâi lī-piān tha̍k-chiá chai-iáⁿ ì-sù.

## Piau-tiám hû-hō kí-lē
* Khoàⁿ .

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
* Chiàⁿ-jī-hoat

## Chhham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Piau-tiám
Hû-hō

**Hû-hō** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Kì-hō, bûn-jī
** Tiám-kù hû-hō
** Phiat-im hû-hō
** Chù-im hû-hō

* Hû-má (*code*)
* Siōng-cheng (*symbol*)
Kì-hō (kì-hō-lūn)

**Kì-hō**, tī kì-hō-ha̍k ê ì-gī, sī kóng ē-tàng hông ké-soeh chò sī iú ì-gī ê bó͘ hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, iā tio̍h sī ē-tàng tāi-piáu ka-tī í-gōa ê sū-bu̍t, chìn chi̍t pō͘ thang hiòng ké-soeh-chiá kau-thong chu-sìn. Kì-hō ē-tàng keng-kòe chē khoán kám-kak chok-iōng, pí-lūn sī-kak, thèng-kak, chhok-kak, phīⁿ-kak he̍k-chiá sī bī-kak.

## Siong-koan
Nā sī Hō-ló-ōe kháu-gū siōng he̍k-chiá phó͘-thong ì-sù, "kì-hō" it-poaⁿ sī chí bûn-jī kiam kî-tha su-siá tan-goân, he̍k-chiá sī chi̍t kóa kán-tan ê ōe-tô͘.
Kì-hō

**Kì-hō** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Kì-hō-ha̍k ha̍k-su̍t siōng kóng ê kì-hō: kì-hō (kì-hō-ha̍k).
* Tī mi̍h-kiāⁿ he̍k-chiá bûn-su téng piau-kì só͘-chāi ia̍h kî-tha chu-sìn ê pit-ōe, bûn-jī, ōe-tô͘ ia̍h sī mi̍h-kiāⁿ.

## Siong-koan
* Hû-hō
C (im-hû)

Im-miâ **C**, chhiùⁿ chò **Do**, sī kò͘-tēng Do ê *[[solfège]]* im-kai (*fixed-Do solfège scale*), ia̍h chiō sī phó͘-thong chhiùⁿ-miâ hē-thóng lāi-bīn tē-it-ê im-hû.
D (im-hû)

Im-miâ **D** ê im-hû, tī kò͘-tēng Do ê *[[solfège]]* im-kai (*fixed-Do solfège scale*) lāi-bīn chhiùⁿ chò **Re**, siat tī C téng-bīn.

Nā siat tiong-iong C (*middle C*) téng-bīn ê A im chò 440 Hz pîn-lu̍t, tiong-iong D sī óa-kīn tī 293.665 Hz. Chiàu lâng ê lí-kái lâi kóng sī pí C khah koân ê im.