open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Illinois chiu chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ

**Illinois tsiu tsuè-ko huat-īnn** (ing-gú: Supreme Court of Illinois; I-tsiu ê tsuè-ko huat-īnn) sī tsiu ê tsuè-ko huat-īnn, Illinois tsiu ê tsuè-ko huat-īnn. Hiān-hîng ê  (i-tsiu tsiu hiàn-huat) tē VI tiâu siū-ú huat-īnn kuân-lī, tsit-ê huat-tiâu kui-tīng uì i-tsiu 5-ê siōng-sòo su-huat-khusuán-tshut 7-miâ huat-kuann: 3-miâ huat-kuann lâi-tsū tē-1 khu (Cook kūn), kî-thann 4-khu kok 1-miâ. Ta̍k ê tāi huat-kuann ê jīm-kî uî 10-nî, siú-si̍k tāi huat-kuann iû huat-īnn uì i-ê sîng-uân lāi-té suán-tshut, jīm-kî 3-nî.

## Kuán-hat-kuân
Huat-īnn kū-iú iú-hiān ê  kah tsuè-tsiong siōng-sòo kuán-hat-kuân. Huat-īnn tuì huat-lu̍t ê ha̍p-hiàn sìng siū-tio̍h tsit-gî ê àn-kiānn ióng-iú kuán-hat-kuân; pīng-tshiánn ióng-iú Illinois i-tsiu siōng-sòo huat-īnn ê tsū-iû tshâi-liōng kuân.It-ti̍t kàu 2011-nî Illinois i-tsiu huì-tû sí-hîng, Huat-īnn tsiah-tuì sí-hîng àn-kiānn ióng-iú kiông-tsè kuán-hat-kuân. Kah tsiu-li̍p li̍p-huat ki-kuan tsò-hué, huat-īnn uî sóo-ū ê tsiu huat-īnn pan-pòo kui-tsik. Tshú-guā, i-ê sîng-guân ū-kuân lîm-sî kā tshoo-sím huat-kuann thê-singtsì siōng-sòo huat-īnn. Huat-īnn thong-kuè lu̍t-su tsù-tsheh hām kì-lu̍t uí-uân-huē kuán-lí tsuan-gia̍p kì-lu̍t; pīng-tshiánn thong-kuè Illinois i-tsiu lu̍t-su kong-huē tsio-sing uí-guân-huē kuán-lí tshoo-sú hí-khó. Illinois i-tsiu tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê k-kuan-hong pò-tō khan-bu̍t sī Illinois Reports.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* List of Supreme Court Justices from Supreme Court's website 
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Judiciary of Illinois

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Illinois Supreme Court website 
* A Chronicle of the Illinois Supreme Court 
* Illinois State Judiciary 
* Chief Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court 
* Illinois Supreme Court Historic Preservation Commission
Stéphane Dujarric

**Stéphane Dujarric de la Rivière** (1965-nî tshut-sì) sī liân-ha̍p kok pì-su tiúnn António Guterres ê huat-giân jîn. Dujarric tī 2014-nî 2-gue̍h 19-ji̍t hōo tsiân-jīm pì-sutiúnn Ban Ki-moon jīm-bīng tam-jīm huat-giân jîn tsit-ê tsit-bū. Dujarric tsìn-tsîng pat-tī 2005-nî tsì 2006-nî tam-jīm liân-ha̍p kok pì-su tiúnn Kofi Annan ê huat-giân jîn; pīng-tshiánn tī 2006-nî tsì 2007-nî tam-jīm pì-su tiúnn Ban Ki-moon ê hù thong-sìn tsú-jīm.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Secretary-General of the United Nations
*The Daily Star

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*
*Behind the Scenes of the United Nations General Assembly: Stéphane Dujarric, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General

Lūi-pia̍t:1965 nî chhut-sì

Lūi-pia̍t:Chāi-sè jîn-bu̍t
Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō

**Tsoo-ha̍p hū-ka hû-hō** (ing-gú: Combining Diacritical Marks (CDM)) sī tsi̍t-ê pau-kuat siōng tsia̍p-khuànn  ê . CDM iah-koh pau-kuat jī-hû "" (Combining Grapheme Joiner; CDJ), CDJ ē-tàng hông-tsí tsoo-ha̍p jī-hû ê kui-huān tiông-sin pâi-sū. Sui-bóng bîng-tshing jû-tshú; m̄-kuh si̍t-tsè siōng ē hun-keh teh sóo theh-kiong ê siōng-hā bûn lāi-té, nā-bô tō hông khuànn-tsò tan-it ê jī-uī. CDM teh Unicode 1.0 tang-tiong ê khu-tuānn bîng-tshing kiò-tsò "Thong-iōng piàn-im hû-hō" (Generic Diacritical Marks).

## Khu-tuānn

## Jī-hû piáu

## Li̍k-sú
Í-hā Unicode siong-kuan ê bûntóng kì-lo̍k teh Tsoo-ha̍p hū-ka hû-hō khu-tè lāi-té tīng-gī tio̍h ti̍k-tīng jī-hû êbo̍k-tik hām kuè-tîng:

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Phonetic symbols in Unicode
*Plane (Unicode)
*Script (Unicode)
*Uralic Phonetic Alphabet
*Character encoding
*Unicode Consortium
*Combining grapheme joiner
*Plane (Unicode) (Unicode jī-guân pênn-bīn tuì-ìng)
*Googolplex

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 
*Unicode Block Combining Diacritical Marks
Hu̍t-kong-san Hu̍t-tô Kì-liām-koán

**Hu̍t-kong-san Hu̍t-tô Kì-liām-koán** ūi-chāi Tâi-oân Ko-hiông-chhī Tōa-chhiū-khu. Tī 2011 nî oân-sêng, chiàm-tē 50 kong-khéng. 1998 nî Sek-chheⁿ-hûn Hoat-su khì Ìn-tō͘ Phô͘-thê-ka-iâ thoân-siū kok-chè saⁿ-tôaⁿ tāi-kài. Hit tong-sî ê Se-chōng la-ma Kunga Dorje Rinpoche tài-liām: Hu̍t-kong-san tn̂g-kî ūi-tio̍h chhiok-chìn sè-kài hu̍t-kàu Hàn Chōng bûn-hòa kau-liû, siat-li̍p Tiong-hôa Hàn Chōng Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe, kí-pān sè-kài hu̍t-kàu hián-bi̍t hōe-gī, nái-chì chhòng-li̍p Kok-chè Hu̍t-kong-hōe téng-téng; Lóng sī thoân-pò lîn-kan hu̍t-kàu ê chèng-phài tō-tiûⁿ, só͘-í i piáu-ta̍t beh sàng Sek-chheⁿ-hûn Hoat-su hō͘-chhàng tit-beh 30 tang ê hu̍t-gê sià-lī sim-goān, pēng hi-bāng ē-tàng tī Tâi-oân kiàn koán kèng-hōng.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Buddha Museum website
*Buddha Museum facebook
*Buddha Museum Youtube



Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê phok-bu̍t-koán
Koeh Tiong-iū

**Koeh Tiong-iū** (1991 nî 5 goe̍h 10 li̍t chhut-sì), sī Tâi-oân cha-po͘ koa-chhiú, Tâi-lâm lâng. I chham-ka Bîn-sī ê chhiùⁿ-koa pí-sài chiat-bo̍k '''''Bêng-ji̍t chi Chheⁿ Super Star''''', tī 2015 nî 11 goe̍h 7 li̍t tī Bán-chheⁿ-sài pó-chhî iu-sèng 10 koan, piàn-sêng koan-chú; I mā ū chham-ka Má-lâi-se-a ***Choân-kiû Hoaⁿ-hí Lâi Khah-la 2016*** tāi-sài. I chit-má sī gē-lîn kah hoat-phìⁿ koa-chhiú. Tī Bîn-sī '''''Chong-gē Tāi Chi̍p-ha̍p''''' lāi-té chò kò͘-tēng pan-té, pēng tī 2021 nî 12 goe̍h seng-chò Chú-chhî-lîn. In-ūi tī chiat-bo̍k ê iû-hì lāi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pá-koan sêng-kong lî-chhiáⁿ sūn-lī kòe-koan, hō͘ lâng hong-chò "Kòe-koan Ki-hāi."**

Tī 2021 nî 11 goe̍h 27 kah 28 li̍t, Pó-kiat-siông Chi̍p-thoân kí-pān "CHAMPIONS" ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, chham Koeh Têng-ûn, Tân Î-têng, Chan Úi-tiòng, Tō͘ Him-tiām, Lōa Hōe-lû, Chhòa Ka-chin, Phêⁿ Chèng, Hong Ngá-hiân kah Gân Léng-an chò-hóe ián-chhut. 2022 nî 1 goe̍h 22 li̍t, tī Tâi-pak CORNER MAX kí-pān thâu-chi̍t-tiûⁿ ê hún-si kìⁿ-bīn-hōe. 2022 nî 3 goe̍h 11 kah 12 li̍t, Pó-kiat-siông Chi̍p-thoân kí-pān "Koa chi Hióng-iàn" ián-chhiùⁿ-hōe, chham Koeh Têng-ûn, Tō͘ Him-tiām, Hong Ngá-hiân kah Gân Léng-an chò-hóe ián-chhut.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân cha-po͘ koa-chhiú
Nigeria kok-ka kha-kiû-tūi

**Nigeria kok-ka kha-kiû-tūi** sī tī kok-chè kha-kiû pí-sài tāi-piáu Nigeria ê kiû-tūi.

## Chham-khó chū-liāu
Eswatini kok-ka kha-kiû-tūi

**Eswatini kok-ka kha-kiû-tūi** sī tī kok-chè kha-kiû pí-sài tāi-piáu Eswatini ê kiû-tūi.

## Chham-khó chū-liāu
Googolplex

**Googolplex** (ing-gú: Googolplex) iōng phóo-thong ê 10 tsìn-tsè piáu-sī-huat sóo siá tshut--lâi ê; tsiū sī 10, 1-ê googol tio̍h-sī 10 tshú-hong ê lîng, iah tio̍h-sī kóng, 10 ê googol tshú-hong sóo tsoo-sîng ê.

## Sòo-jī piáu-sī
### Googolplex
:1 googolplex
:= 10googol
:= 10(10100)
:= 1010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

### Googolplexian
Tsi̍t-ê googolplexian tio̍h-sī 1 kah googolplex ê 0|lîng; hi̍k-tsiá 10 ê googolplex tshú-hong.

:\mathrm{googolplexian} = 10^{\mathrm{googolplex}} = 10^{10^{10^{100}}} 

## Li̍k-sú
Tī 1920-nî,  9-huè ê ti̍t-á Milton Sirotta tshòng-tsō  tsi̍t-sû, tsik sī 10100, jiân-āu thê-tshut koh-khah tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ê su̍t-gú googolplex uî "1, jiân-āu sī 0, it-ti-kàu lí bú kah tsiânn thiám".] Kasner kuat-tīng tshái-iōng king-tsìng-sik ê tīng-gī, in-uī "bô kāng-khuán ê lâng teh bô kâng ê sî-kan ē kám-kak siān-tauh-tauh,  íng-uán bô-huat-tōo tsiânn-tsò pí Einstein phok-sū koh-khah hó ê sòo-ha̍k-ka, in-uī i-ū koh-khah tsē ê nai-li̍k lî-tshiánn ē-sái siá koh-khah tn̂g ê sî-kan". Iû-í tshú bi̍k ê tsiann kiat-ha̍p-sìng, googolplex in-tshú piau-tsún-huà uî 10(10100) = 1010100.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Graham's number
*Names of large numbers
*Orders of magnitude (numbers)
*Skewes's number
*On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
*Mathematics Genealogy Project
*Mathematics and the Imagination
*Simon & Schuster
*2016–2021 literary phishing thefts
*İstanbul ki-tiûⁿ

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 

*Googolplex Written Out 
*  
*  
*  

Lūi-pia̍t:Chéng-sò͘

Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘
İstanbul ki-tiûⁿ

**İstanbul ki-tiûnn** (türk-gú: İstanbul Havalimanı, IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM; İstanbul ki-tiûñ) sī tsi̍t-tsō khiā-tī Türkiye İstanbul tsú-iàu ê kok-tsè ki-tiûnn. İstanbul ki-tiûnn ê tē-lí uī-tì sī khiā tī Türkiye kok-ka Au-tsiu hit pîng tsi .

Teh siong-gia̍p kheh-ūn Atatürk ki-tiûnn pì-só tīng-kî hâng-pan liáu-āu, sóo-ū tīng-kî siong-gia̍p kheh-ūn hâng-pan tī 2019-nî 4-gue̍h  6-ji̍t uì Atatürk ki-tiûnn tsuán-î kàu İstanbul ki-tiûnn. IATA ki-tiûnn tāi-bé IST mā hông tsuán-î kàu sin ki-tiûnn.

İstanbul ki-tiûnn tī 2021-nî uī-tio̍h tshiau-kuè 3700 bān miâ lâng-kheh the̍h-kiong ho̍k-bū, hōo i tsiânn-tsò  Au-tsiu siōng bô-îng ê ki-tiûnn hām sè-kài tē-13 tuā bô-îng ê ki-tiûnn (án tsóng kheh-ūn liōng kè-sǹg); pīng-tshiánn thong-kuè uī-tio̍h tshiau-kuè 2700 bān miâ kok-tsè lâng-kheh the̍h-kiong ho̍k-bū, tsiânn-tsò sè-kài tē-2 bô-îng ê ki-tiûnn teh kok-tsè kheh-ūn liōng hong-bīn.

## Li̍k-sú
### Puē-kíng
Atatürk ki-tiûnn sī Au-tsiu siōng bô-îng êki-tiûnn tsi-it. Uì 2013-nî í-lâi, Atatürk ki-tiûnn it-ti̍t khiā-tī Au-tsiu kheh-ūn liōng siōng bô-îng ê 5-ê ki-tiûnn tsi-lia̍t. Tī  2017-nî, Atatürk ki-tiûnn hām İstanbul ê līng-guā tsi̍t-ê kok-tsè ki-tiûnn Sabiha Gökçen lóng-tsóng tsiap-thāi tshiau-kuè 1 ik miâ lâng-kheh. sio-pí tsi-hā, London tē-khu ê 6-ê ki-tiûnn ta̍k-nî ho̍k-bū tshiau-kuè 1.5 ik jîn-tshù; teh Paris tē-khu ê 3-ê ki-tiûnn ta̍k-nî ho̍k-bū tāi-iok 1 ik jîn-tshù.

Iû-î Atatürk ki-tiûnn sann-bīn hōo siânn-tshī pau-uî, Līng-guā tsi̍t hong-bīn hōo  pau-uî, in-tshú bô-huat-tōo khok-kiàn í-lâi buán-tsiok ta̍k-kang tsing-ka ê su-kiû. Sabiha Gökçen buán hū-也 hū-tam ūn-tsuán. Kuat-tīng teh uán-lî siânn-tshī ê sóo-tsāi kiàn-tsō tsi̍t-ê sin ki-tiûnn, í-lâi khak-pó ū tsiok-gia̍h ê khong-kan.

## Uī-tì
Kuat-tīng teh thong-óng İstanbul tiong-pōo í-pak ê ,  kah  ê tō-lōo kau-tshe-kháu í-ki̍p oo-hái iân-huānn siânn-tìn Yeniköy [tr], Tayakadın kah Akpınar tsi-kan kiàn-tsō ê sin ki-tiûnn. Tsit-ê tē-khu khiā-tī Terkos ôo hù-kīn, tsiàm-tē 7,600 kong-khíng (19,000 ). Tsit-ê tē-khu tāi-iok ū 6,172 kong-khíng (15,250 ing-bóo) uî kok-iu sim-lîm. İstanbul ki-tiûnn hām Atatürk ki-tiûnn tsi-kan ê kū-lî tāi-iok uî 35 km (22 ing-lí). Tsit-ê tē-khu pau-kuat kū-ê lōo-thian muî-khòng, āu-lâi thūn-muá thôo-jióng.

Kin-kì 2013-nî 4-gue̍h huat-pòo ê  (ÇED) pò-kò, tsit-ê tē-khu lóng-tsóng ū 2,513,341 tsâng tshiū-á, kî-tiong 657,950 tsâng su-iàu tshò-tiāu, 1,855,391 tsâng ê tshiū-á tō beh hông suá-kàu sin-ê sóo-tsai. M̄-kuh, sim-lîm hām tsuí tsu-guân kuán-lí-pōo sing-tshing tsám-tshò hām puann-suá tshâ-tshiū ê khak-tshiat sòo-liōng kan-na teh si-kang uân-sîng liáu-āu tsiah-ē kong-pòo.

## Tôo-siōng

Istanbul asv2021-11 img72 IST Airport.jpg|Hâng-tsām tāi-hā guā-pōo
İstanbul_Havalimanı_Airport_2019_21.jpg|Ji̍p-kháu khu
İstanbul_Havalimanı_Airport_2019_2.jpg|Hâng-tsām tāi-hā lāi-pōo
İstanbul_Havalimanı_Airport_2019_24.jpg|Hâng-tsām lāi-pōo


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Istanbul Canal
*Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
*Northern Marmara Motorway
*Çanakkale 1915 Bridge
*Atatürk Airport
*Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport
*Ankara Esenboğa Airport
*Hürriyet Daily News

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*  
* Project plan
Sell sò͘ Bí-kok àn

**Sell sòo [[Bí-kok]] àn** (ing-gú: Sell v. United States, 539 U.S. 166 (2003)) sī tsi̍t-hāng tshâi-kuat, kî-tiong Bí-kok tsue-ko huat-īnn tuì hā-kip huat-īnn hā-ta̍t bīng-līng, tuì pī jīn-tīng bô lîng-li̍k tsiap-siū uî-it sím-phuànn ê hîng-sū pī-kò kiông-tsè tsip-hîng khòng tsing-sin-pēnn io̍h-bu̍t ê kuân-lī. Bo̍k-tik sī hōo in ū lîng-li̍k pīng-tshiánn ē-tàng siū--tio̍h sím-phuànn. Kū-thé lâi-kóng, huat-īnn jīn-uî, kē-kip huat-īnn kan-na teh buán-tsiok ti̍k-tīng tiâu-kiānn ê iú-hiān tsîng-hóng hā tsiah ē-tàng án-ne tsò. Teh Charles Sell ê àn-lē tang-tiong, iû-î hā-kip huat-īnn bô-huat-tōo khak-tīng kám ū buán-tsiok huat-īnn ha-ling si̍t-si ê sóo-ū pit-iàu piau-tsún; in-tshú thui-huan tuì  tsìn-hîng kiông-pik ho̍k-io̍h ê bīng-līng.

Tshú-tsiân, teh  tsuè-ko huat-īnn bîng-khak tsí-tshut, kan-na teh siû-huān tuì ka-kī hi̍k-tsiá thann-jîn kòo-sîng huî-hiám; pīng-tshiánn tsi̍t-hāng io̍h-bu̍t hû-ha̍p siû-huān tsū-sin ê siōng-tuā lī-ik ê sî-tsūn, tsiah ē-tàng hā-līng kiông-pik huān-iú tsing-sîn tsìng-thâu ê siû-huān ho̍k-io̍h. Tshú-guā, tehsòo-tsu hui tsì-guān-sìng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu tsìn-tsîng; huat-īnn pit-su siú-sian khó-lū "thè-tāi-sìng ê, khah-tsió tshim-ji̍p-sìng ê tshiú-tuānn".

Ìng-iōng  huat-īnn kiông-tiāu, kò-jîn kū-iú siū hiàn-huat pó-hōo ê "phiah-bián hui tsū-guān ho̍k-iōng khòng tsing-sîn-pīnn io̍h-bu̍t ê lī-ik"; lî-tshiánn tsit-tsióng lī-ik sī kan-na ū "ki-pún" hi̍k-tsiá "lîng-kà ê kok-ka lī-ik tsiah ē-tàng khik-ho̍k ê lī-ik".

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 539
*List of United States Supreme Court cases
*Washington v. Harper
*Riggins v. Nevada
*Rennie v. Klein
*Chheng-kok hêng-chèng hoat

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*  
* Court's Decision in Sell v. United States Reflects Psychology's Recommendation that Alternatives to Drug Therapy Should be Considered 
* Amicus brief filed in behave of Dr. Sell by Association of American Physicians and Surgeons  
* A win for Sell, but not a complete victory 
* State Can Make Inmate Sane Enough to Execute 
* 
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ-lē
Hoat-kok léng Guiana kok-ka kha-kiû-tūi

**Hoat-kok léng Guiana kha-kiû-tūi** sī tī kok-chè kha-kiû pí-sài tāi-piáu Hoat-kok léng Guiana ê kiû-tūi.

## Chham-khó chū-liāu
Chúi-ti

**Chúi-ti** (Ha̍k-miâ: ), mā kiò chò **capybara**, sī Chúi-tûn Sio̍k hā chhun ê nn̄g chióng seng-bu̍t chi it. I sī chi̍t-khoán pòaⁿ chúi-chhe ê Chia̍h-chháu Tōng-bu̍t, mā sī sè-kài siōng thé-hêng siōng tōa ê Giat-khí-lūi tōng-bu̍t. Goân-sán-tē sī Lâm Bí-chiu tû-liáu Chile í-gōa ê só͘-ū se-chhiū chháu-po͘ kah chhiū-nâ lāi-té.

Chúi-ti sī ko-tō͘ siā-hōe-hòa ê tōng-bu̍t, siōng tōa ê chúi-ti tīn ê sò͘-liōng ē-tàng kàu 100 chiah, m̄-koh thong-siông tī 10-20 chiah chi-kan. Sui-liân kóng, in-ūi i ê bah kah phôe-mo͘ ū lī-iōng kè-ta̍t, só͘-í ē hō͘ lâng pó͘-lia̍h, iah-m̄-koh chit-khoán bu̍t-chéng iah bô che̍h-chéng ê hûi-hiám.

## Hun-lūi
左|縮圖|Chúi-ti ê chhùi-khí
Chúi-ti chín sio̍k-î Chúi-tûn A-kho, m̄-koh chìn-chêng chham kî-tha í-keng choa̍t--khì ê chhin-iân chéng lóng hun-lūi tī chúi-ti kho (Hydrochoeridae) chi-hā. 2002 nî, hun-chú hē-thóng hoat-seng gián-kiù hián-sī chúi-ti sio̍k kah Gâm Tûn-chhí Sio̍k koan-hē chin óa, in-chhú kā che nn̄g sio̍k pun hō͘ chò-hóe: hun-lūi tī Tûn-chhí Kho tang-tiong. Iah-m̄-koh kó͘ seng-bu̍t ê hun-lūi iah-sī iōng í-chá ê lāu hong-hoat. Kâng-sî, i ê oán-kó͘ kīn-chhin ê hun-lūi tē-ūi mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ chiok bô ún-tēng. Kàu taⁿ ûi-chí, ū chin chē chéng lóng í-keng sóa-khì bô-kāng kho chi-hā. Goân-in chú-iàu sī, chúi-ti chham i ê chhin-iân tōng-bu̍t ê Āu-chan: nā bô-kāng chéng tio̍h chha chiok chē. Pí-lû kóng, í-chêng bat kin-kù bô-kâng ê āu-chan hun-ōe--chhut 4 sio̍k 7 chéng bô-kâng ê seng-bu̍t, tān-sī āu-lâi chiah khak-tēng sī bô-kâng ê nî-hòe kai-tōaⁿ ê *Cardiatherium paranense* niā-niā.

Chúi-ti ê Chéng-ka-sû *hydrochaeris* kah sio̍k-miâ kāng-khoán, lóng sī Hi-lia̍p-gí ὕδωρ (hoat-im: *hydor*; chúi) kah χοίρος (hoat-im: *choiros*; ti) lâi--ê.

## Gōa-pō͘ Liân-kiat

* 
* 
* Animal Diversity Web ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris''
* Capybara information

Lūi-pia̍t:Carl Linnaeus bīng-miâ ê sing-bu̍t hun-luī
Chheng-kok hêng-chèng hoat

**Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat** (ji̍t-gú: 清国行政法 (しんこく ぎょうせいほう/Shinkoku Gyōseihō)), sī Lîm-sî tâi-uân kū-kuàn tiau-tsa-huē sóo tsoo-tsit kah tsàn-tsōo í-lâi tsìn-hîng tsi kū-kuàn tiâu-tsa kè-uē, sóo tshut-pán ê "Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat"  tshik-tsik luē-iông lóng-tsóng hun 6-, tī 1905-nî tsì 1913-nî tsi-kan hun-pia̍t tshut-pán. İ-ê bo̍k-tik teh í    kài-liām, pīng pué-tshing Tâi-uân ji̍t-tī sî-kî tsiân ê  hîng-uî teh Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī liáu-āu kū-iú hô-tsióng huat-lu̍t siōng ê hāu-li̍k; pīng-tshiánn tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo kái-bîng tāi-tshing tè-kok ê li̍p-huat thé-lē, tsìng-hú tsoo-tsit, kok-tsióng hîng-tsìng luī-hîng ê huat-lu̍t kuan-hē.

## Pian-tsuàn king-uī
Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng-huat ê tsú-iàu pian-tsuān tsiá sī ; pīng iú pian-tsi̍p uí-guân tsu-jû , ,  tíng-jîn; ji̍t-āu tsiah ê lâng lóng tsiânn-tsò Ji̍t-pún hàn-ha̍k-kài tiōng-iàu ê ha̍k-tsiá.  i-kî kin-kì to-Tik-kok hîng-tsìng huat kàu-kho-su thé-lē pian-siá ê "Hîng-tsìng huat káng-gī" (行政法講義) uî lâm-pún, tsìn-hîng "Tshing-kok hîng-tsìng huat" (清國行政法) tsi pian-tsuàn, kî-kan pīng-tshiánn  kiap-tsa̍p tsu-to Tiong-kok kóo-tián tsi tiah-iàu phiàn-tuann. Thâu-sing khai-sí iû kok pian-tsip uí-uân-huē siá-sîng tshoo-kó iauau, koh-hōo  thóng-tiû tsing-san, tsiânn-tsò lán sóo-kóng “Oda liû” bûn-thé. Pún kè-uē tī 1903-nî 10-gue̍h teh Kyoto tāi-ha̍k lāi-té siat-tī gián-kiù-sik khai-sí pian-tsuàn, li̍k-sî 10-nî kò-sîng. Tē-1 tsheh huàn-lūn tshut-pán liáu-āu, ū tong-sî tiong-kok liû-ji̍t ha̍k-sing Ting Hóo (鄭萀), Tîn Ú-liân (陳與年), Liông Tsé-tòng (梁濟棟) tíng-tíng jîn-sū huan-i̍k tsò tiong-bûn, tsū-án-ne Lîm-sî tâi-uân kū-kuàn tiau-tsa-huē piān uí-tshiánn tsuan-jîn kā tē-1 tsheh huan-i̍k tsò tiong-bûn, pīng-tshiánn iû  thinn-ka hîng-tsìng huat tò-lun tsi̍t-tsiunn.

Pún-tsheh sui-jiân hāu-huì king-nî, lî-tshiánn hông-tāi; m̄-kuh tshut-pán liáu-āu tshing tè-kok í-king hok-bông, in-tshú sóo-ū ê luē-iông suî-tsik tsiânn-tsò huat-tsè-sú siōng ê li̍k-sú uî-jiah. Uî-ki sóo tik-lio̍k tsi tián-tsi̍k hó-jû iân-hái, giám-jiân sîng-uî bûn-hiàn kiám-só tsi pó-khòo. Pīng-tshiánn tui-tio̍h thuân-thóng tiong-kok kuán-tsè siông-sè kái-suat, in-tshú āu-lâi tsiânn-tsò Ji̍t-pún hàn-ha̍k-kài ê tiōng-iàu tsham-khó-su. Ji̍t-pún ha̍k-tsiá  hām  pat hun-pia̍t tù-iú siông-sè tsuán-lûn kah tê-kái, thàm-soh i-ê tì-sik hîng-sîng-sú í-kip kah tâi-uân tsóng-tok-hú kî-thann kū-kuàn tiau-tsa sū-gia̍p hōo-siong tsi-kan ū khan-liân.

## Luē-iông tsiong-tsiat
*Tē-1 : Hîng-tsìng huat-kui, hîng-tsìng tsoo-tsit, kuan-lī huat, tshâi-phuànn tsè-tōo
*Tē-2 kuàn: Luē-bū hîng-tsìng (1)
*Tē-3 kuàn: Luē-bū hîng-tsìng (1)
*Tē-4 kuàn: Luē-bū hîng-tsìng (1), kun-bū hîng-tsìng
*Tē-5 kuàn: Su-huat hîng-tsìng, tsâi-bū hîng-tsìng (1)
*Tē-6 kuàn: Tsâi-bū hîng-tsìng (2)
Gotō Shinpei siū-ì liáu-āu, khai-sí tsìn-hîng  ê huan-i̍k.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Ganshōdō tshik-tiàm (巌松堂書店)
*GNU pian-e̍k-khì chi̍p-ha̍p

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*『臨時台湾旧慣調査会第一部報告 清国行政法』1936年巌松堂書店版（国立国会図書館數位館藏）
**[ 第一巻 汎論] 
**[ 第二巻 各論 第一編 内務行政] 
**[ 第三巻 各論 第一編 内務行政（第] 
**[ 第四巻 各論 第一編 内務行政（第三）・第二編 軍務行政] 
**[ 第五巻 各論 第三編 司法行政・第四編 財務行政] 
**[ 第六巻 各論 第四編 財務行政（第二）] 
**[ 索引] 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê chhut-pán-bu̍t
Got to Be There

***Got to Be There*** sī Bí-kok koa-chhiú Michael Jackson tī 1972 nî hoat-hêng ê kò-jîn tē-1 tiuⁿ chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ.

## Khek lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Kino (ga̍k-thoân)

**Kino** (,  "èng-oē") sī So͘-liân ê chi̍t ê liû-hêng ga̍k-thoân, 1981 nî tī Leningrad sêng-li̍p. Chia ga̍k-thoân sī hit-tong-sî So͘-liân siōng chhut-miâ ê pop ga̍k-thoân, tùi kin-á-ji̍t Lō͘-se-a liû-hêng im-ga̍k ê éng-hióng chin toā. 1990 nî, chia ga̍k-thoân ê thoân-tiúⁿ Viktor Tsoi chhut-chhia-hō í-āu kái-sàn.

## Chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ
;Lio̍k-im-sek chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ
* *[[45 (Kino ê chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ)|45]]* (1982)
* *[[46 (Kino ê chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ)|46]]* (1983)
* *[[Nachalnik Kamchatki]]* (1984)
* *[[Eto ne lyubov...]]* (1985)
* *[[Noch (chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ)|Noch]]* (1986)
* *[[Gruppa krovi]]* (1988)
* *[[Zvezda po imeni Solntse]]* (1989)
* bô miâ-jī ê chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ (*Chyorny albom*) (1990)

;Chong-ha̍p chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ
* *[[Posledniy geroy]]* (1989)

## Sêng-oân
* Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Виктор Робертович Цой) – chú-chhiùⁿ, rhythm gì-tah-chhiú, goân-siaⁿ gì-tah-chhiú (1981–1990)
* Aleksei Viktorovich Rybin (Алексей Викторович Рыбин) – chú gì-tah-chhiú(1981–1983)
* Oleg Sergeyevich Valinsky (Олег Сергеевич Валинский) – drums (1981)
* Yuri Dmitriyevich Kasparyan (Юрий Дмитриевич Каспарян) – chú gì-tah-chhiú, poē-kéng koa-chhiùⁿ (1983–1991)
* Aleksandr Valentinovich Titov (Александр Валентинович Титов) – bass-chhiú, poē-kéng koa-chhiùⁿ (1984–1985)
* Georgy Konstantinovich Guryanov (Георгий Константинович Гурьянов) – kó͘-chhiú, phah-kek ga̍k-khì, poē-kéng koa-chhiùⁿ (1984–1991)
* Igor Ruvimovich Tikhomirov (Игорь Рувимович Тихомиров) – bass-chhiú (1985–1991)

### Sî-kan-soàⁿ

ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:30
PlotArea = left:100 bottom:90 top:20 right:50
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy
Period = from:1982 till:1990
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors =
  id:Vocals              value:red        legend:Chú-chhiùⁿ,_rhythm_gì-tah-chhiú
  id:Guitars             value:green      legend:Chú_gì-tah-chhiú
  id:Bass                value:blue       legend:Bass-chhiú
  id:Drums               value:orange    legend:Kó͘-chhiú,_phah-kek_ga̍k-khì
  id:Lines               value:black      legend:Lio̍k-im-sek_chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ

Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:3

ScaleMajor = increment:1 start:1982
ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1982

LineData =
  at:04/01/1982 color:black layer:back
  at:06/01/1983 color:black layer:back
  at:02/01/1984 color:black layer:back
  at:07/01/1985 color:black layer:back
  at:01/01/1986 color:black layer:back
  at:08/01/1987 color:black layer:back
  at:04/01/1989 color:black layer:back
  at:09/01/1989 color:black layer:back
  at:12/01/1990 color:black layer:back

BarData =

  bar:Tsoy text:"Tsoi"
  bar:Ryb text:"Rybin"
  bar:Kasp text:"Kasparyan"
  bar:Tit text:"Titov"
  bar:Tih text:"Tikhomirov"
  bar:Val text:"Valinsky"
  bar:Gur text:"Guryanov"

PlotData=

  width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
  bar:Tsoy from:start till:08/15/1990 color:Vocals
  bar:Ryb from:start till:03/04/1983 color:Guitars
  bar:Val from:start till:02/01/1982 color:Drums
  bar:Kasp from:03/01/1983 till:end color:Guitars
  bar:Tit from:02/01/1984 till:11/01/1985 color:Bass
  bar:Gur from:02/01/1984 till:end color:Drums
  bar:Tih from:11/01/1985 till:end color:Bass



## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Viktor Tsoi

**Viktor Robertovich Tsoi** (, ) sī So͘-liân ê chi̍t ê liû-hêng koa-chhiú. I sī pop ga̍k-thoân Kino ê thoân-tiúⁿ, chia ga̍k-thoân tùi kin-á-ji̍t Lō͘-se-a liû-hêng im-ga̍k ê éng-hióng chin toā. 1990 nî, i tī Latvia chhut-chhia-hō koè-sin í-āu chia ga̍k-thoân kái-sàn.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chyorny albom

***Chyorny albom*** () sī So͘-liân ga̍k-thoân Kino tī 1990 nî hoat-hêng ê tē-8 tiuⁿ chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ, mā sī choè-āu chi̍t tiuⁿ chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ. Chia chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ bô miâ-jī, "Chyorny albom" tī Lō͘-se-a-gí lāi-bīn sī "o͘-sek chhiùⁿ-poâⁿ" ê ì-sù. In-ûi hong-bīn sī o͘-sek ê, chiū-án-ne hō͘ lâng kiò chò chia miâ-jī.

## Khek lia̍t-toaⁿ

### Moroz Records pán-pún

### Maschina Records pán-pún

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
SM Entertainment

**SM Entertainment** () sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê gē-lêng sū-bū-só͘, 1995 nî iû Lee Soo-man sêng-li̍p. Taⁿ kap YG Entertainment, JYP Entertainment tâng-chê Hân-kok ê 3 toā gē-lêng sū-bū-só͘.

SM Entertainment ē-kha chhut-miâ ê gē-jîn ū: TVXQ, Super Junior, Siàu-lú Sî-tāi, J-Min, Shinee, Zhou Mi, EXO, Red Velvet, NCT, WayV, SuperM, Aespa.
JYP Entertainment

**JYP Entertainment** () sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê gē-lêng sū-bū-só͘, 1997 nî iû koa-chhiú Park Jin-young (J. Y. Park) sêng-li̍p. Taⁿ kap SM Entertainment, YG Entertainment tâng-chê Hân-kok ê 3 toā gē-lêng sū-bū-só͘.

JYP Entertainment ē-kha chhut-miâ ê gē-jîn ū: 2PM, Day6, Twice, Boy Story, Stray Kids, Itzy, NiziU, Xdinary Heroes, Nmixx.
Donkervoort

**Donkervoort** sī Hô-lân chhia kong-si, chóng-pō͘ tī Hô-lân ê Lelystad. 1978 nî chhòng-li̍p.
Kak-siám-chio̍h

縮圖|Kak-siám-chio̍h
**Kak-siám-chio̍h** sī chi̍t chióng se̍k-sng-iâm (SixOy) khòng-bu̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ke-sng-iâm khòng-bu̍t
Hong-kái-chio̍h

縮圖|Hong-kái-chio̍h
**Hong-kái-chio̍h** (; ) sī chi̍t chióng khòng-bu̍t, sêng-hūn sī thoàⁿ-sng khā-lú-siúm hòa-ha̍k-sek sī CaCO3, tēng-tō͘ khah nǹg, sek-chúi pe̍h-pe̍h, phú-phú, ia̍h thàu-bêng, hêng-chōng sī môa-phang-thé(⧫). Hong-kái-chio̍h koh sī chio̍h-hoe-giâm kap tāi-lí-giâm ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn.
Pùi-á-hún

縮圖|Pùi-á-hún
**Pùi-á-hún** () sī iōng-lâi ī-hông ia̍h tī-liâu pùi-á, ia̍h sī  âng-eⁿ-á ê jiō-chū-á-kauh.

Pùi-á-hún it-poaⁿ sī iōng ku̍t-chio̍h hún kap hoàn-bē tiān-hún chò--ê.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ōe-seng
YG Entertainment

**YG Entertainment** () sī Hân-kok ê chi̍t ê gē-lêng sū-bū-só͘, 1996 nî iû koa-chhiú Yang Hyun-suk sêng-li̍p. Taⁿ kap SM Entertainment, JYP Entertainment tâng-chê Hân-kok ê 3 toā gē-lêng sū-bū-só͘.

YG Entertainment ē-kha chhut-miâ ê gē-jîn ū: Wheesung, Epik High, 1TYM, BigMama, Gummy, Seven, Minzy, Park Bom, 2NE1, Nam Tae-hyun, Lee Jong-suk, PSY, Seungri, B.I, One, CL, Lee Hi, Jinusean, Park Sandara, T.O.P, Daesung, Bang Yedam, iKON.
Siōng-sò͘

**Siōng-sòo** (ing-gú: appeal) Teh huat-lu̍t siōng, sī àn-kiānn iû siōng-kip ki-kuan ho̍k-sím ê kuè-tîng, tong-sū hong iau-kiû tsìng-sik king-kái kuan-hong kuat-tīng. Siōng-sòo kì-sī kiù-tsìng tshò-ngōo ê kuè-tîng, mā sī tîng-tshing hām kái-sueh huat-lu̍t ê kuè-tîng. Sui-bóng siōng-sòo huat-īnn í-king tsûn-tsāi sòo tshing-nî; m̄-kuh ing-bí huat kok-ka it-tit-kàu 19 sè-kí tsiah kā khíng-tīng ê siōng-sòo kuân la̍p-ji̍p in-ê phuànn-lē lāi-té.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Civil procedure
*List of legal topics
*Judicial review
*Appellate procedure in the Tsham-khónited States
*Scope of review
*Criminal appeal
*Bí-kok chiu lu̍t-su kong-hōe

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* ''Schaubild: Gerichtsaufbau in Deutschland'' (PDF-Datei) 
*Appeals | United States Courts 
*Basics - appeals_selfhelp  
*Appeal: Legal Definition | Zanes Law 
*EUR-Lex - appeal - EN - EUR-Lex 
*Legal Dictionary | Law.com 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoat-tēng têng-sū
Jiō-chū-á-kauh

縮圖|Jiō-chū-á-kauh
**Jiō-chū-á-kauh** () sī chi̍t chióng phôe-hu-pēⁿ, chhut-hiān tī jiō-chū-á pau--khai-lâi ê só͘-chāi. In-ūi sái, jiō kap phôe-hu chiap-chhiok siuⁿ kú, sè-khún kā jiō hun-kái, pìⁿ chò chhì-kek-sèng chiok kiông ê a-mó͘-ní-á, chŏaⁿ hō͘ phôe-hu kauh--tio̍h. Jiō-chū-á-kauh ê chèng-thâu ū phôe-hu âng-kì-kì, phòa--khì, hoat-iam, pū-lâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Phôe-hu kap phî-hā cho͘-chit chi̍t-pēⁿ
Lūi-pia̍t:Sió-jî-kho chi̍t-pēⁿ
Bí-kok ê chiu lu̍t-su kong-hōe

**[[Bí-kok]] ê [[Bí-kok ê chiu|tsiu]] ** (ing-gú: state bar association) uî bí-kok koh tsiu ê , tāi-piáu hi̍k-tsiá siâm-kiû tāi-piáu teh Bí-kok kok tsiu tsip-gia̍p ê lu̍t-su tsi kuân-ik. Kong-huē ê tsip-lîng ê tuè–tio̍h kok tsiu jî bô-kâng; m̄-kuh thong-siông pau-kuat tsiu lu̍t-su khó-tshì ê kuán-lí, lu̍t-su ê huat-ha̍k tshî-siok kàu-io̍k (CLE) kui-tīng kah kî-thann ê iau-kiû; í-kip ù-tsù tuì tō-tik hi̍k-tsiá kî-thann uî-huat hîng-uî ê kì-lu̍t kuán-lí. Tsiu lu̍t-su kong-huē thong-siông ê uī-tio̍h huē-guân thê-kiong ho̍k-bū; pí-jū uī-hóo tsiu-lāi ê lu̍t-su bo̍k-lio̍k ho̍k-bū, tshiok-tsìn lu̍t-su ê siā-kau ua̍h-tāng, tshut-pán lu̍t-su kong-huē kî-khan; í-kip thê-kiong buán-tsiok tsia–ê "huat-ha̍k tshî-siok kàu-io̍k (CLE) ha̍k-hun iau-kiû ê khò-tîng.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 
* 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Hoat-ha̍k chhî-siok kàu-io̍k (Continuing legal education/CLE/Huat-ha̍k tshî-siok kàu-io̍k)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* Directory of State and Local Bar Associations, American Bar Association 
*Avvo.com - Legal 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok ê chiu lu̍t-su kong-hōe
B61 he̍k-tān

**B61 [[He̍k-chú bú-khì|hi̍k-tān]]** (ing-gú: B61 nuclear bomb; **B61 tsiàn-su̍t hi̍k-tsú tsà-tân**) sī líng-tsiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu Bí-kok  tang-tiong ê tsú-iàu jia̍t-hi̍k tāng-li̍k tsà-tuânn. B61 sī tsi̍t-tsióng tiong-kē tong-liōng t-tsiàn-lio̍k hām tsiàn-su̍t hi̍k bú-khì, tshái-iōng nn̄g-kip hok-siā lāi-po̍k siat-kè.

B61 tshái-iōng  (hui tsìng-sik kun-sū su̍t-gú kiò-tsò "dial-a-yield") siat-kè, B61 kok-tsióng hîng-hō ê tong-liōng uî 0.3 tsì 340 tshian-tùn. B61 sī tsi̍t-siong tsuân ín-sìn suán-hāng (FUFO) bú-khì, tse ì-bī tio̍h B61 phuè-pī tsuân hong-uī ê ín-sìn hām tâu-sàng suán-hāng, pau-kuat khong-tiong hām tē-bīn po̍k-tsah ín-sìn, í-ki̍p tsū-iû lo̍h-thé, iân-tî tsū-iû lo̍h-thé hām pàng-hā tâu-tē. B61 u7 ū tsi̍t-ê liû-suànn-hîng ê guā-khak, ē-īng sîng-siū tshiau-im-sok hui-hîng, tn̂g 11 ing-tshioh 8 ing-tshùn (3.56 m). ti̍t-kìng tāi-iok 13 ing-tshùn (33 mm). Ki-pún tāng-liōng tāi-iok sī 700 pōng (320 kg), m̄-kú kò-pia̍t bú-khì ê tāng-liōng khó-lîng in pán-pún hām ín-sìn/iân-tî phuè-tì jî-lâi piàn-ī. Tsia̍t-tsí 2020-nî, B61 tng-teh tsìn-hîng tē-12 pái siu-kái. Kin-kì 2012-nî  ê sòo-kì, tāi-iok 400-tsiah B61-12 kā tsō-kè 2800 bān bí-guân.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
*Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* . 
* . 
* . 
* , an anti-nuclear weapons organization 
* . 
* . 
* .
TRG-230 chè-tō tē-tuì-tē tō-tān

**TRG-230 tsè-tō tē-tuì-tē [[tō-tān]]** (ing-gú: TRG-230 surface-to-surface missile) sī tsi̍t-tsióng ti̍t-kìng uî 230 mm ê tsè-tō tē-tuì-tē tō-tān, iû Türkiye Roketsan kong-si siat-kè hām tsè-tsō. TRG-230 tōl-tān siā-tîng uî tō-tān 20 km tsì 70 km, uì 230 mm hue-tsîm huat-siā, TRLG-230 kái-liông kū-iú laser tsè-tō,  TRG-230 ê siā-ting í-king khok-tián kàu 150 km.

## Kán-kài
TRG-230 tō-tān siat-kè iōng-teh tá-kik 20-70 km huān-uî lāi ê ko iu-sian kip bo̍k-piau, TRG-230 ē-tàng uì Roketsan to-kuán hue-tsîm huat-siā-khì hām kî-thann kū-iú kiam-iông kài-bīn ê pênn-tâi huat-siā.

## Ên-sin hîng-hō
### TRLG-230
TRLG-230 ū tsi̍t-ê gia̍h-guā ê laser tō-ín tān-tiô. Ū  tsi̍t-ê gia̍h-guā ê laser tui-sîm-khì. TRLG-230 ē-tàng kik-tio̍h bô-jîn-ki hām UCAV piau-kì ê bo̍k-piau. TRLG-230 ê CEP kàng-tsì bô-kàu 2-bí. Kin-kì 2022-nî 7-gue̍h ê kong-kò, TRLG-230 ê siā-ting í-king khok-tián kàu 150 km.

### TRG-230-İHA
Roketsan tsuè-kīn khai-huat tsi̍t-tsióng khong-tuì-tē pán-pún ê TRG-230 tō-tān, iōng teh UCAV. 2022-nî 12gue̍h 16-ji̍t, kuan-hong hun-hióng Bayraktar Akıncı sîng-kong huat-siā TRG-230-İHA tō-tān; lî-tshiánn koh uì 100 km guā tsing-khak kiat-tio̍h bo̍k-piau ê sī-pîn.

## Sú-iōng kok-ka

;
:Azerbaijani Land Forces: TRLG-230

;
:Bangladesh Army: TRG-230

;
:Ukrainian Ground Forces: TRLG-230
:
:

## Tsù-kái

## Tsù-kái
*Rocket artillery
*Solid-propellant rocket
*MAN Truck & Bus
*Chhì pì chêng put oân-tûn bió-im (Tshì pì tsîng put uân-tûn bió-im/Near-close near-front unrounded vowel)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*ArtStation - TRG-230 Family of guided missiles
*Bayraktar Akinci Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Fires TRG-230-IHA Supersonic Missile - MilitaryLeak 
*Roketsan - TRG-230 Guided Missile
*
Pho͘-piⁿ Chām

**Pho͘-piⁿ Chām** (浦邊站) sī Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong 3 hō soàⁿ ê chi̍t ê chhia-chām.

## Chham-khó
Bí-kok sò͘ Miller àn

**Bí-kok sòo Miller àn**, 307 U.S. 174 (1939) (ing-gú: United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939); **Bí-kok liân-pang sò͘ Miller àn**) sī Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê tsi̍t-kiānn kū-iú lōo-tsām-pi ì-gī ê phuànn-kuat, pún-àn khian-liân 1934-nî "Bí-kok kok-ka hué-tshìng huat" (National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA)) tsiam-tuì Bí-kok hiàn-huat tē-2 siu-tsìng-àn ê thiáu-tsiàn. Tsi̍t-ê àn-kiānn tiānn-tiānn teh Bí-kok tuì tshìng-hāi tsûn-huì ê tsìng-tī piān-lūn lāi-té hōo lâng ín-iōng. In-uī huán-tuì kah tsàn-sîng ê siang-hong lóng huah-siann kóng tsi̍t-ê sòo-àn lóng-teh tsi-tshî in-ê li̍p-tiûnn.

## Puē-kíng
Tsit-ê àn-kiânn khan-kha̍p kin-kì 1934-nî "" (NFA) thê-khí ê hîng-sū sòo-siōng. NFA sī uī-tio̍h huê-ìng kong-tsiòng tuì tsîng-jîn tsiat tāi thôo-sat ê kiông-lia̍t khòng-gī jī–lâi thong-kuè; NFA iau-kiû ū tsi̍t-kuá-á luī-hîng ê hué-tshìng, pí-jū tsuân tsū-tōng hué-tshìng, té-tshìng kah suànn-tān tshìng, lóng pit-su teh tsa̍p-hāng suè pōo-mn̂g ting-kì. Tsit-ê pōo-mn̂g āu-lâi hông pìng-ji̍p tsuè-tsiong tsiânn-tsò  (ATF); jiân-āu sio̍k-û "Bí-kok kok-suè-tshù" ê tsi̍t-pòo-hūn, tio̍h-sī kin-á-ji̍t  ê tsiân-sin. 200 khoo bí-kim ê suè tio̍h su-iàu teh hué-tshìng tsù-tsheh ê sî-tsūn lâi tsi-hù, nā-sī hué-tshìng hông koh-tsài tshut-siû ê sî-tsūn mā-tio̍h ài koh tsi-hù tsi̍t-piàn.

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

*
* http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/ECM_PRO_060964.pdf
*
*

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Firearm case law in the United States
*List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 307

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ-lē
Washington sò͘ Harper àn

**Washington sòo Harper àn**, 494 U.S. 210 (1990) (ing-gú: Washington v. Harper, 494 U.S. 210 (1990)), sī Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn ê tsi̍t-khí àn-kiânn, kî-tiong tsi̍t-ê hông kam-kìm ê siû-huān tio̍h hui tsū-guān iōng-io̍h būn-tê khí-sòo Washington tsiu, tik-pia̍t sī khòng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t.

## Puē-kíng
Walter Harper uì 1976-nî í-lâi it-ti̍t sī Washington kam-ga̍k hē-thóng ê tsi̍t-ê siû-huān; kin-kì pò-tō, Harper teh bī ho̍k-iōng khòng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t ê sî-tsūn ē piáu-hiān tshut pō-li̍k hîng-uî. Harper pat nn̄g-piàn hông tsuán-î kàu ti̍k-sû tsuē-huān tiong-sim (SOC); tse-sī tsi̍t-ê kuan-ah hông tsing-tuan tshut–lâi ū tsing-sîn pēnn-tsìng ê siû-huān tsi kok-ka ki-kòo. Teh hia hia Harper pī-pik uî-puē ka-kī ê ì-guān lâi ho̍k-iōng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t. SOC tsun-sûn i-ê ki-kòo sím-tsa tsìng-tshik tsō-tshut kiông-tsè siû-huān ho̍k-io̍h ê kuat-tīng.

Harper teh tiong-sim tē-2 pái tuā-hīnn liáu-āu, Harper kin-kì 42 U.S.C. hiòng tsiu huat-īnn thê-khí sòo-siōng. 1983-nî, tsí-khòng tsit-ê tiong-sim hui tsū-guān tuì i tsìn-hîng io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu tsìn-tsîng bē-tàng thê-kiong su-huat thiann-tsìng-huē; tsū-án-ne uî-huán tē-14 tiâu siu-tsìng-ànê tsìng-tong tîng-sū tiâu-khuán. Tshoo-sím huat-īnn pok-huê Harper ê sin-sòo; m̄-kuh tsiu tsuè-ko huat-īnn thui-huan guân-phuànn pīng-tshiánn kā àn-kiânn huat-huê tshoo-sím huat-īnn. Hām siann-bîng kan-na teh su-huat thiann-tsìng-huē tíng-kuân, tsit-ê siû-huān ū tshiong-hun tuì-khòng sìng tîng-sū pó-hōo; lî-tshiánn kok-ka ē-tàng thong-kuè “bîng-khak, ū-la̍t kah [494 U.S. 210, 211] lîng-jîn sìn-ho̍k ê” tsìng-kù tsìng-bîng kiông-tsè io̍h-bu̍t tuì tshiok-tsìn tiōng-iàu ê kok-ka lī-ik sī pit-iàu hām ū-hāu ê, kuân-hîng kò-jîn ê lī-ik hām kok-ka ê lī-ik.

Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn siū-ú tiàukuàn-līn g(Writ of Certiorari). Bí-kok sim-lí ha̍k-huē thê-kau tsi̍t-hūn “huâ-ting tsi iú kán-pò” (amicus brief) í-lâi tsi-tshî siû-huān hi̍k-tik tsìng-tong tîng-sū thiann-tsìng-huē ê kuân-lī, tsí-tshut tuì tsi̍t-ê hông kam-kìm ê siû-huān tsìn-hîng kiông-tsè io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu sī uî-huán Bí-kok hiàn-huat ê tsìng-tong tîng-sū, pîng-tíng pó-hōo kah giân-lūn tsū-iû ê tiâu-khuán.

## Huat-īnn ì-kiàn
Huat-īnn thui-huan phuànn-kuat, jīm-uî kin-kì "2Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987)" lāi-té thê-hiân ê khah-ke ê sím-tsa piau-tsún, teh pún-àn tang-tiong sú-iōng lāi-pōo ki-kòo sím-tsa ū-kàu-thang tsō-tshut tī-liâu ê kuat-tīng.

Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn tshâi-tīng, "tsìng-tong tîng-sū tiâu-khuán" (Due Process Clause) un-tsún tsi̍t-ê tsiu ē-tàng uî-puē siû-huān ê ì-guān sú-iōng khòng tsing-sîn io̍h-bu̍t lâi tī-liâu huān-iú giâm-tiōng tsing-sîn tsiòng-gāi koh-hông hông kam-kìm ê siû-huān; tiâu-kiānn sī siû-huān tuì ka-kī hi̍k-tsiá thann-jîn kòo-sîng huî-hiám pīng-tshiánn lî-tshiánn sóo khui ê io̍h-bu̍t sī tuì siû-huān kū-iú siōng-hó ê i̍k-ha̍k lī-ik.

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

*

## Tsham-ua̍t

***,  (Riggins sòo Nevada àn)
*List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 494
*United States Reports
*Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*
*
*Forced Medication of Legally Incompetent Prisoners: A Primer 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ phòaⁿ-lē
LaMDA

**LaMDA** (Eng-gí: *Language Model for Dialogue Applications*) sī Google só͘ khai-hoat ê chi̍t hē-lia̍t tùi-ōe sîn-keng gí-giân bô͘-hêng. Tē-it tāi bô͘-hêng tī 2021 nî ê Google I/O nî-hōe hoat-piáu, ah tē-jī tāi bô͘-hêng kāng-khoán tī keh-nî ê I/O nî-hōe kong-khai. 2022 nî 6 goe̍h, Google kang-têng-su Blake Lemoine soan-chheng LaMDA í-keng chûn-chāi kám-ti lêng-le̍k kap chū-ngó͘ ì-sek, tì-sú chit-ê bô͘-cho͘ tit-tio̍h kóng-hoàn koan-chù, kho-ha̍k-kài tī chin tōa thêng-tō͘ siōng hóⁿ-tēng Lemoine ê kóng-hoat, koh tī kāng sî-kan ín-khí tùi Turing chhì-giām hāu-le̍k ê thó-lūn. 2023 nî 2 goe̍h, Google hoat-piáu ki-î LaMDA kè-kò͘ ê tùi-ōe-sek jîn-kang tì-hūi ke-khì-lâng Bard lâi in-èng OpenAI khai-hoat ê ChatGPT.
ChatGPT

**ChatGPT** (Eng-gí: *Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer*), ì-sù ī **Khai-káng Seⁿ-sêng Ī-hùn-liān Piàn-ōaⁿ Bô͘-hêng**, sī OpenAI khai-hoat ê chi̍t ê jîn-kang tì-lêng khai-káng ke-khì-lâng thêng-sek, tī 2022 nî 11 goe̍h thui-chhut. Chit-ê thêng-sek sī kin-kì GPT-3.5 kè-kò͘ ê tōa-hêng gí-giân bô͘-hêng pēng thàu-kòe kiông-hòa ha̍k-si̍p lâi chìn-hêng hùn-liān.

ChatGPT bo̍k-chiân iu-goân sī ēng bûn-jī hong-sek hō͘-tōng, ah tû-liáu ē-tàng thàu-kòe jîn-lūi chū-jiân tùi-ōe hong-sek chìn-hêng hō͘-tōng, iáu-koh ē-tàng chò siong-tùi ho̍k-cha̍p ê gí-giân khang-khòe, pau-hâm chū-tōng bûn-jī seⁿ-sêng, chū-tōng būn-tap, chū-tōng tiah-iàu téng chāi-lāi ê chē chióng jīm-bū. Chhin-chhiūⁿ: tī chū-tōng bûn-jī seⁿ-sêng hong-bīn, ChatGPT thang kin-kì su-ji̍p ê bûn-jī chū-tōng seⁿ-sêng lūi-sū ê bûn-jī (kio̍k-pún, koa-khek, khì-oe̍h téng-téng); tī chū-tōng būn-tap hong-bīn, ChatGPT thang kin-kì su-ji̍p ê būn-tê chū-tōng seⁿ-sêng tap-àn; iáu-koh ū pian-siá kap tû-chhò tiān-náu thêng-sek ê lêng-le̍k. Tī thui-kóng kî-kan, só͘-ū lâng thang bián-hùi chù-chheh, pēng tī teng-ji̍p liáu-āu bián-hùi sú-iōng ChatGPT si̍t-hiān hām AI ke-khì-lâng tùi-ōe.

## Chù-kái

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 
* 

* ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers, course by Andrew Ng and OpenAI
* Can ChatGPT write a podcast episode? (*[[Planet Money]]* podcast, May 2023)
* Will Chat GPT do more harm than good? (Gary Marcus and Keith Teare debate, February 2023)
* The Cost of AI - "Projected Revenue & Losses Worldwide"
* "What OpenAI Really Wants" by *[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]*
* Videos:
** Study finds ChatGPT struggles with public health referrals (CBS, June 2023) 
** What if ChatGPT had a body? (ABC, March 2023)
** What is ChatGPT? (BBC, January 2023)
** How good is ChatGPT? (CNN, January 2023)
** Cheating With ChatGPT (*[[WSJ]]*, December 2022)
DeepMind

**DeepMind** sī chi̍t keng Eng-kok ê jîn-kang tì-lêng kong-si. Kong-si tī 2010 nî kiàn-li̍p, siāng-chá hō-chò **DeepMind Kho-ki** (*DeepMind Technologies Limited*), tī 2014 nî pī Google siu-kò͘. 2022 nî 5 goe̍h 12 hō, DeepMind hoat-piáu jîn-kang it-poaⁿ tì-lêng GATO bô͘-hêng.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 
* GitHub Repositories
Thang-bî-hun hâm-sò͘

**Thang-bî-hun hâm-sò͘** (Eng-gí: *differentiable function*) tī bî-chek-hun-ha̍k tiong sī chí tī tēng-gī-he̍k lāi só͘-ū tiám lóng ū tō-sò͘ ê hâm-sò͘. Thang-bî-hun hâm-sò͘ ê tô͘-siòng tī tēng-gī-he̍k lāi ê múi-chi̍t tiám it-tēng ū m̄-sī sûi-ti̍t ê chhiat-sòaⁿ. Só͘-í, thang-bî-hun hâm-sò͘ ê tô͘-siòng sī siong-tùi kng-ku̍t--ê, bô tn̄g-tiám, chiam-tiám ia̍h-sī jīm-hô ū sûi-ti̍t chhiat-sòaⁿ ê tiám.
Khai-káng ke-khì-lâng

**Khai-káng ke-khì-lâng** (Eng-gí: *chatbot*) sī thàu-kòe tùi-ōe ia̍h bûn-jī chìn-hêng kau-tâm ê tiān-náu thêng-sek, ē-sái bô͘-gí jîn-lūi tùi-ōe pēng thong-kòe Turing chhì-giām, mā kū-pī si̍t-iōng-sèng, chhin-chhiūⁿ kheh-hō͘ ho̍k-bū ia̍h chu-sìn he̍k-chhú. Ū-ê khai-káng ke-khì-lâng ē tah-chài chū-jiân gí-giân chhú-lí hē-thóng, m̄-koh chē-chē kán-tan ê hē-thóng kan-na ē thê-chhú su-ji̍p ê koan-kiān-jī, chiah tùi gí-liāu-khò͘ lāi-bīn chhiau-chhōe siāng-kài sek-ha̍p ê èng-tap. Bo̍k-chiân, khai-káng ke-khì-lâng sī hi-gí chō͘-lí ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, ē-sái hām chē-chē chó͘-chit ê èng-iōng thêng-sek, bāng-chām kap thong-sìn pêng-tâi sio-chiap. Hui-chō͘-lí èng-iōng thêng-sek pau-hâm gû-lo̍k bo̍k-tek ê khai-káng-sek, gián-kiù kap te̍k-tēng sán-phín chhiok-siau kap siā-kau ke-khì-lâng téng-téng.
Google I/O

**Google I/O** sī Google kí-hêng ê bāng-lō͘ khai-hoat-chiá nî-hōe, thó-lūn ê chiau-tiám sī iōng Google kap khai-hòng bāng-lō͘ ki-su̍t khai-hoat bāng-lō͘ èng-iōng. Nî-hōe chū 2008 nî khai-sí kí-pān. Tāi-hōe tī Ka-chiu Kū-kim-soaⁿ ê Moscone Tiong-sim kí-pān.
Hoān Tiōng-iam

**Hoān Tiōng-iam** () (989 nî 10 goe̍h chhe-it — 1052 nî 6 goe̍h 19), jī Hi-bûn (希文), sī Tiong-kok Pak-sòng ê chèng-tī-ka, bûn-ha̍k-ka, kun-sū-ka, kàu-io̍k-ka.
縮圖|Hoān Tiōng-iam ê ōe-siōng

## Bûn-ha̍k sêng-chiū
* *Hoān-bûn-chèng-kong Chi̍p*
Thóng-liân Kheh-ūn

**Thóng-liân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (Hàn-jī: 統聯汽車客運股份有限公司; Eng-gí: United Highway Bus Company Limited), kán-chheng **Thóng-liân Kheh-ūn** (統聯客運), **Thóng-liân** (統聯), **UBus**, sī Tâi-oân chi̍t keng kok-tō kheh-ūn kong-si. Tû-liáu kok-tō kheh-ūn lia̍h-gōa,iIn mā ū keng-iâⁿ Thô-hn̂g-chhī, Tâi-tiong-chhī, Ko-hiông-chhī, Hoa-liân-koān chhī-khu ê kong-chhia.

## Siòng-phìⁿ

File:統聯客運411-FP 高雄市公車建國幹線 20160225.jpg|Thóng-liân Ko-hiông-chhī Kong-chhia Kiàn-kok Kan-sòaⁿ (建國幹線)
File:UBus THSR Express 499AC.jpg|Ko-thih khoài-chia̍t kong-chhia
File:UBus 055FL Front.jpg|
File:UBus FJ780 Front.jpg|Chá-kî ê kok-tō kheh-ūn
File:Ubus 049FS.JPG|Thóng-liân Tâi-tiong-chhī Kong-chhia 73 hō
Kok-kong Kheh-ūn

[縮圖|Chi̍t tâi Kok-kong Kheh-ūn ê tōa-kheh-chhia, iû Hân-kok [Daewoo kong-si só͘ seng-sán**.**]]

**Kok-kong Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān-kong-si** (國光汽車客運股份有限公司), kán-chheng **Kok-kong Kheh-ūn** (國光客運), sī Tâi-oân chi̍t-keng bîn-kan ê kong-lō͘ kheh-ūn kong-si. I ê chiân-sin sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ê kong-êng sū-gia̍p **Tâi-oân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kong-si** (臺灣汽車客運公司), kán-chheng **Tâi-khì** (臺汽). 

Kok-kong Khé-ūn tī choân Tâi-oân ū 28 ê tōa chhia-chām kap 60 ê iân-lō͘ bē-phiò-chhù.

## Le̍k-sú iân-kek

* 1946 nî, Tâi-oân-séng Chèng-hú Kau-thong-kio̍k Kong-lō͘-chhù (臺灣省政府交通處公路局).
* 1980 nî, hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng kong-lō͘ kheh-ūn gia̍p ài cho͘-chit kong-si, jî-chhiáⁿ êng-ūn kap kàn-lí ài hun-li̍p, só͘-í chèng-hú sêng-li̍p Tâi-oân Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kong-si.
* 2001 nî, chèng-hú koat-tēng kong-êng sū-gia̍p bîn-êng-hòa, só͘-í siat-li̍p sin ê Kok-kong Khì-chhia Kheh-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān-kong-si.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Sin-pak Khoân-hô Khoài-sok-tō-lō͘

**Sin-pak Khoân-hô Khoài-sok-tō-lō͘** (新北環河快速道路), kán-chheng **Sin-pak Khoân-khoài** (新北環快), sī Tâi-oân Sin-pak-chhī ê chi̍t tiâu khoài-sok tō-lō͘. Kui tiâu kong-lō͘ óa-khò Tām-chúi-hô kap Sin-tiàm-khe sai-hōaⁿ, ē-sái ùi Sam-tiông-khu sái-chhia kàu Sin-tiàm-khu.

## Le̍k-sú
1998 nî tāng-kang, hun saⁿ ê kai-tōaⁿ thong-chhia, kiàn-siat keng-hùi sin-tâi-phiò 363 ek. Choan-sòaⁿ tī 2013 nî 1 goe̍h 28 thong-chhia.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Sò͘-lí su-lí

**Sò͘-lí su-lí** (; ) sī sò͘-ha̍k ê chi̍t ê hun-chi. Kā sò͘-ha̍k siōng ê chèng-bêng kap kè-sǹg chìn-hêng hû-hō-hòa í-āu, tō sán-seng hêng-sek hē-thóng, che tō sī sò͘-lí lô-chek leh gián-kiù ê tùi-siōng, mā sī kui-ê sò͘-ha̍k ki-chhó͘ siong-tong iàu-kín ê sêng-hūn.

## Gián-kiù lōe-iông
Sò͘-lí lô-chek ê hun-chi pau-hâm:

# Kong-lí-hòa chi̍p-ha̍p-lūn
# Bô͘-hêng-lūn
# Chèng-bêng-lūn hām sò͘-ha̍k kò͘-sêng chú-gī
# *recursion theory*

## Koh khòaⁿ

* Lô-chi̍p
Lūi-pia̍t:Su-lí
Tō-le̍k

**Tō-le̍k** (道曆) sī sī chi̍t chióng thoân-thóng le̍k-hoat, sio̍k-î im-iông-le̍k. Chit-khoán le̍k-hoat tī Tō-kàu lāi-bīn ēng. I ê kè-sǹg hong-sek sī kong-goân ê nî-hūn ke 2698.

Lūi-pia̍t:Le̍k-hoat
Se-chōng-le̍k

**Se-chōng-le̍k** (西藏曆, ) sī chi̍t chióng thoân-thóng le̍k-hoat, sio̍k-î im-iông-le̍k. Chit-khoán le̍k-hoat tī Se-chōng ēng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Le̍k-hoat
Ko-chhù tsiong

**Ko-chhù tsiong** (高處章) (; ) sī Kó͘-lân-keng ê tē-7 tsiong (surah).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* https://quran.com/al-araf

Lūi-pia̍t:Quran
Sîn-bú Thian-hông chek-ūi kì-goân

**Sîn-bú Thian-hông chek-ūi kì-goân** (神武天皇即位紀元), kán-chheng **Hông-kì** (皇紀), sī chi̍t ê í Ji̍t-pún le̍k-sú chò-ûi ki-chún ê kì-liân tan-ūi, chiū chhin-chhiūⁿ Se-iûⁿ kok-ka koàn-iōng ê kong-goân. Hông-kì í Sîn-bú Thian-hông chek-ūi ê nî chò thâu nî, i ê kè-sǹg hong-sek sī kong-goân ê nî-hūn ke 660.  Taⁿ bô tī--leh ēng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Le̍k-hoat
Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún
Lia̍t-pan-chiá tsiong

**Lia̍t-pan-chiá tsiong** (列班者章) (; ) sī Kó͘-lân-keng ê tē-37 tsiong (surah).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* https://quran.com/as-saffat

Lūi-pia̍t:Quran
Gí-liāu-khò͘

**Gí-liāu-khò͘** (語料庫) tī gí-giân-ha̍k siōng kóng--ê sī tōa-liōng ê bûn-pún, thong-siông ū keng-kòe chéng-lí, ū kì-tēng keh-sek kap piau-kì. Kin-kì gí-liāu-khò͘ ê te̍k-teng, thang hun chò tan-gí gí-liāu-khò͘, siang-gí gí-liāu-khò͘, pêng-hêng gí-liāu-khò͘ téng. Kin-kì gí-liāu lâi-goân, thang pun chò su-bīn-gí gí-liāu-khò͘, kháu-gí gí-liāu-khò͘, chò-bûn gí-liāu-khò͘, ha̍k-si̍p-chiá gí-liāu-khò͘, kó͘-bûn-su gí-liāu-khò͘ téng.
Wagner chi̍p-thoân

**Wagner tsi̍p-thuân** (gôlôsu-gú: Группа Вагнера, : Gruppa Vagnera; ing-gú: Wagner Group; **Wagner iông-ping tsi̍p-thuân**), mā hông kiò-tsò PMC Wagner, ChVK Wagner, hi̍k-tsiá CHVK Vagner, sī tsi̍t-ê gô-lô-su tsún kun-sū tsoo-tsit. Wagne hông bô-kâng biâu-su̍t tsò su-jîn kun-sū kong-si (PMC), hóo-iông kun bāng-lōo hi̍k-tsiá Gôlôsu tsóng-thóng Vladimir Putin ê sū-si̍t siōng ê su-jîn kun-tuī. Wagner tsi̍p-thuân tsit-ê tsoo-tsit ê ūn-tsok tshiau-kuè huat-lu̍t; in-uī gô-lô-su tsìng-sik kìm-tsí su-jîn kun-sū sîng-pau-siong. Sui-jiân Wagner tsi̍p-thuân pún-sin bô-siū ì-sik hîng-thài ê khu-tōng, Wagner ê kok-tsióng guân-sòo lóng kah sin-Nazis hūn-tsú hūn-tsú hām iū-i̍k ki̍k-tuan hūn-tsú ū-kuan-hē.

Wagner tsi̍p-thuân teh Ukraina Donbas tsiàn-tsing kî-kan miâ-siann sua-lâi bù khí-lâi; pīng-tshiánn tī 2014-nî tsì 2015-nî kî-kan pang-tsōo tsū-tshing sīb Donetsk hām Luhansk jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok ê hun-lî tsú-gī sè-li̍k. Kin-kì pò-tō, Wagner tsit-ê tsi̍p-thuân tsham-ú sè-kài kok-tē ê kok-tsióng tshiong-tu̍t, pau-kuat Syria, Libya, Tiong-hui kiōng-hô-kok (CAR) hām Mali ê luē-tsiàn; tiānn-tiānn kah Gôlôsu kiat-bîng. Wagner ê ti̍k-kang teh in pōo-sú ê tē-khu huān-hā tsiàn-tsing tsuē. Tsí-khòng pau-kuat kiông-kan hām tshiúnn-kiap pîng-bîn, kóo-tshui bôo-sat sóo hu-hi̍k ê tsiàn-hû; í-ki̍p tsiat-buâ hông tsí-khòng ê tô-ping.

In-uī Wagner iông-ping tsi̍p-thuân ê ūn-tsok sī uī-tio̍h tsi-tshî Gôlôsu ê lī-ik, uì Gôlôsu kok-hông-pōo (MoD) tsiap-siu kun-sū tsong-pī pīng-tshiánn sú-iōng kok-hông-pōo ê siat-si tsin-hing hùn-liān; sóo-í Wagner tsi̍p-thuân tiānn-tiānn hông jīn-uî sī Gôlôsu kok-hông-pōo hi̍k-tsiá sī Gôlôsu kun-sū tsîng-pò ki-kòo GRU ê tsi̍t-ê to̍k-li̍p tan-uī. Ta̍k-ke phóo-phiàn jīn-uî tsit-e tsoo-tsit sī iû kah Putin kuan-hē bi̍t-tshiat ê sing-lí-lâng Yevgeny Prigozhin ióng-iú hi̍k-tsiá tsu-tsōo. Teh to-nî hóo-jīn kah Wagner tsi̍p-thuân iú liân-hē liáu-āu, Prigozhin tī 2022-nî 9-gue̍h sîng-jīn i "tshòng-li̍p" tsit-ê kun-sū tsi̍p-thuân. Kin-kì thui-tshik, Gô-lô-su tsìng-hú lī-iōng Wagner tsi̍p-thuân lâi ún-tsún teh bóo-mí ê tshiong-tu̍t tang-tiong tsìn-hîng ha̍p-lí ê thui-uí; pīng-tshiánn am-khàm Gôlôsu tuì-guā kan-ī ê siong-bông jîn-sòo kah tsâi-bū sîng-pún;  Wagner tsi̍p-thuân teh tsuè-kīn kah 2022-nî Gôlôsu ji̍p-tshim Ukraina, kin-kì pò-tō Wagner tsi̍p-thuân hông pòo-sú teh hia í-lâi àm-sat Ukraina ê líng-tō-jîn.

## Tsù-kiok

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* 
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## Tsham-ua̍t

*Academi – American private military company
*Belligerents in the Syrian civil war
*Military history of the Russian Federation
*Rashism
*Slavonic Corps
*Mozart Group
*Azov Regiment
*Yevgeny Nuzhin
*Kadyrovtsy

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*
Bî-chek-hun ê ki-pún tēng-lí

**Bî-chek-hun ê ki-pún tēng-lí** kóng--ê sī bî-chek-hun-ha̍k tiong bî-hun kap chek-hun tiong-kan ê koan-hē. Tēng-lí ê tē-it pō͘-hūn hō-chò **bî-chek-hun ê tē-it ki-pún tēng-lí**. Chit-ê tēng-lí kóng: Hō͘ jīm-hô chi̍t ê liân-sio̍k hâm-sò͘, thang (keng-iû chek-hun) tit-tio̍h i-ê put-tēng chek-hun. Chit pō͘-hūn tēng-lí tiōng-iàu ê só͘-chāi sī i pó-chèng liáu liân-sio̍k hâm-sò͘ ê put-tēng chek-hun ê chûn-chāi-sèng. Tēng-lí ê tē-jī pō͘-hūn hō-chò **bî-chek-hun ê tē-jī ki-pún tēng-lí**. Chit pō͘-hūn kóng: bó͘ hâm-sò͘ ê tēng-chek-hun ē-tàng tùi hit-ê hâm-sò͘ ê jīm-hô chi̍t ê put-tēng chek-hun lâi kè-sǹg. Che sī bî-chek-hun ia̍h sò͘-ha̍k hun-sek tiong hui-siông koan-kiān koh kóng-hoàn èng-iōng ê tēng-lí, in-ūi i tōa-tōa kán-hòa liáu bî-chek-hun ê kè-sǹg.
Võ Văn Thưởng

**Võ Văn Thưởng** () sī Oa̍t-lâm ê chèng-tī-ka kap Kiōng-sán-chú-gī-chiá, i tùi 2023 nî kàu 2024 nî sī Oa̍t-lâm ê kok-ka chú-se̍k. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍t-lâm ê kok-ka chú-se̍k
Constantinopolis Sè-kài Chóng-chú-kàu

**Constantinopolis Sè-kài Chóng-chú-kàu** (--世界總主教, ) sī Constantinopolis ê Chóng-chú-kàu kap Tang Chèng-kàu ê cheng-sîn léng-tō. Taⁿ ê Constantinopolis Sè-kài Chóng-chú-kàu sī Bartholomew 1-sè.
Bo̍k-su-kho Chóng-chú-kàu

**Bo̍k-su-kho kap Choân Rus ê Chóng-chú-kàu** () sī Lō͘-se-a Chèng-kàu-hoē ê léng-tō. Taⁿ ê Bo̍k-su-kho Chóng-chú-kàu sī Kirill.
Kirill (Bo̍k-su-kho Chóng-chú-kàu)

**Kirill** (, ), pún-miâ hō chò **Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev** (), sī Lō͘-se-a ê chi̍t ê Chèng-kàu-hoē chong-kàu jîn-bu̍t. chi̍t ê I tī 2009 nî kàu taⁿ Bo̍k-su-kho Chóng-chú-kàu.
Chū-kí hôe-kui bô͘-hêng

**Chū-kí hôe-kui bô͘-hêng** (Eng-gí: *autoregressive model*), kán-chheng **AR bô͘-hêng**, sī thóng-kè siōng chi̍t chióng chhú-lí sî-kan sū-lia̍t ê hong-hoat. Chū-kí hôe-kui bô͘-hêng tī keng-chè-ha̍k, chu-sìn-ha̍k kap chū-jiân hiān-siōng ê ī-chhek siōng pī kóng-hoàn èng-iōng.
Hôe-kui hun-sek

**Hôe-kui hun-sek** (Eng-gí: *regression analysis*) sī chi̍t chióng thóng-kè-ha̍k siōng hun-sek sò͘-kì ê hong-hoat, ūi-tio̍h beh liáu-kái nn̄g ê ia̍h chē ê piàn-sò͘ tiong-kan kám ū siong-koan, siong-koan hong-hiòng kap kiông-tō͘, pēng kiàn-li̍p sò͘-ha̍k bô͘-hêng lī-piān koan-chhat te̍k-tēng piàn-sò͘ lâi ī-chhek gián-kiù-chiá ū hèng-chhù ê piàn-sò͘. Koh-khah kū-thé lâi kóng, hôe-kui hun-sek thang pang-chō͘ lâng liáu-kái tī chí-ū chi̍t ê chū-piàn-sò͘ piàn-hòa sî èng-piàn-sò͘ ê piàn-hòa-liōng. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, thong-kòe hôe-kui hun-sek thang ta̍t-sêng chū-piàn-sò͘ kó͘-kè èng-piàn-sò͘ ê tiâu-kiāⁿ kî-bōng.
Chhit-kha-tân

Chhit-kha-tân（七腳亭；Paiwan-gí：Tjuvecekadan），是一个佇屏東縣春日鄉的排灣族聚落，當地海拔差不多有570公尺。現此時，這庄猶閣有保存強欲50間完整的排灣族傳統石枋厝。當地居民大多已經佇1960年代予政府徙到新的庄頭，不而過到今原仔會佇耕作的時間轉來過暝。