Chiu-lêng-koān

**Chiu-lêng**-koān () ūi-tì tī Hok-kiàn-séng tang-pak-pō͘, tē-lí ūi-tì tī pak-úi 26°53′ kàu 27°19′ chi-kan, tang-keng 119°06′ kàu 119°29′ chi-kan. Tang-pêng sī Hok-an (), sai-pêng kah Chèng-hô () kau-kài, pak-péng sī Siū-lêng (), tang-lâm-pō͘ kah Lêng-tek kau-kài, sai-lâm-pō͘ kah Pêng-lâm () keh chit-tiâu khe. Thó͘-tē chóng-bīn-chek 1046 pêng-hong kong-lí. Tē-chhù Chiū-hong-soaⁿ () tang-pêng soaⁿ-kha, tē-sè iû sai hiòng tang thán-chhiâ, pêng-kin hái-poa̍t 800 kong-chhioh, koān-siâⁿ hái-poa̍t 880 gōa kong-chhioh, sī choân-kok siōng-kài koân ê, ū "Ko-san Bêng-chu" ê chheng-hō.

Kéng-lāi chú-iàu khe-liû 18 tiâu, chòe-tōa ê Lêng-têng-khe () tī kéng-lāi ū 56 kong-lí tn̂g. Sio̍k tiong-a-jia̍t-tài kùi-hong soaⁿ-tē khì-hāu, tang-thiⁿ khah tn̂g hē-thiⁿ khah té. Kàng-ú-liōng chhiong-chiok. Nî pêng-kin khì-un 14.6℃, nî kàng-súi-liōng 2069 hô-bí, hō͘-lâng kiò-chòe "thian-jiân khong-tiâu-siâⁿ".

Goân-lâi Chiu-lêng sī sio̍k-û Lêng-tek-koān koán-hat ê. Bîn-kok 24 nî (1935-nî) siat Chiu-tun Te̍k-chéng-khu (), ti̍t-lē Hok-kiàn sêng-hu. Bîn-kok 34-nî 8-goe̍h seng siat Chiu-lêng-koān, Sai-siâⁿ () sī koān-chèng-hú ê só͘-chāi-tē, tiàm-tī koān-kéng tiong-pō͘ Tang-iûⁿ-khe ê khe-kîⁿ, lî séng-hōe Hok-chiu 238 kong-lí, sī choân-koān ê chéng-ti, keng-chè, bûn-hòa tiong-sim.

2012 nî-bóe, choân-koān koán 6-ê tìn, 3-ê hiong, 141-ê chhun-úi-hōe, 5-ê siā-khu, 2-ê ku-úi-hōe, hō͘-che̍k jîn-kháu 20.36 bān lâng. Keng-lāi hàn-cho̍k chiàm 99%, sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k chú-iàu sī siâ-cho̍k, thong-hêng bân-gí bân-tang-gí (chek bân-tang hong-giân) hok-an-ōe, tān-sī kháu-im siong-chha chin-chē. Kong-lō͘ í 302 séng-tō ûi chú-kàn, Lêng-siong Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ koàn-chhoan keng-lāi.

## Kiàn-chè Iân-kek

Chiu-lêng kó͘-chá-sî sī sio̍k-û "Chhit-bân-tē" (). Chhun-chhiu sio̍k Oa̍t, chiàn-kok sio̍k Chhó͘. Chîn sio̍k Bân-tiong-kūn (). Se-hàn ûi Bân-oa̍t-kok (), Tong-hàn sio̍k Hōe-ke-kūn (), Sam-kok sio̍k Kiàn-an-kūn (), Chìn-lâm-tiâu sio̍k Un-bâ-koān (), Sûi-tiâu sio̍k Goân-hong-koān (),(Bân-koān ()). Tn̂g-tiāu sio̍k Tn̂g-khoe-koān (). Gó͘-tāi bân liông-khí goân-nî (933-nî) khai-sí sio̍k-û lêng-tek-koān (), sòng-chho͘ ûi Chheng-tiân-hiuⁿ () Tang-iûⁿ-lí (). Bêng ka-chēng 35-nî (1556-nî) kiàn Tang-iuⁿ Hêng-koān (), iû Lêng-tek-koān chú-phō͘ koán-lí. Chheng iong-chèng 13-nî (1735-nî), hun-koah Tang-iûⁿ-lí 15 kàu 18 to͘ siat Tang-iûⁿ hun-koān, iû lêng-tek-koān koān-sêng chù-tī, kong-sū 33-nî (1907-nî) kóe iû koān-chó () chù-tī.

Bîn-kok goân-nî (1912), Tang-iûⁿ Hun-Kōan khai-sí iû Lêng-tek-kōan phài Hun-chù-oân koán-lí. Bîn-kok 3-nî koh-chài siat kōan-chò. Bîn-kok 18-nî, chhú-siau kōan-chò siat-tī Kéng-chhat-só͘, chong-ha̍p koán-lí hat-khu hêng-chèng sū-bū. Bîn-kok 19-nî kái-siat Kong-an-hun-kio̍k. Bîn-kok 22-nî 6-ge̍h kái-siat Lêng-tek-kōan tē-5-khu. Bîn-kok 24-nî 6-ge̍h kái-siat Chiu-tun Tek-chéng-khu, thoat-lī Lêng-tek-kōan ê koán-hat, ti̍t-sio̍k Hok-kiàn-séng Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (Kong-sú tī Tn̂g-lo̍k. Bîn-kok 25-nî 2-ge̍h, koh-chài kái-sêng Lêng-tek-kōan Tē-saⁿ-khu. Bîn-kok 26-nî 1-ge̍h, chài hoe-ho̍k Chiu-lêng Tek-chéng-khu, lē-sio̍k Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu. Bîn-kok 32-nî 9-ge̍h, kái lē-sio̍k Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu.

Bîn-kok 34-nî 8-ge̍h 1-ji̍t kái kōan, í Chiu-tun, Lêng-tek nn̄g-ê só͘-chai ê thâu-chi̍t-ê jī chhú-miâ Chiu-lêng-koān, koān-tī tī Sai-siâⁿ, koán-hat thó͘-tē 639.6 pêng-hong kong-lí, lé-siok Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (Bîn-kok 36-nî 4-ge̍h, kái-chheng Tē-it hêng-chèng tok-chhat-khu).

Bîn-kok 37-nî 9-ge̍h, Lêng-tek sek Hâm-sam-hiuⁿ 127.7 pêng-hong kong-lí kui Chiu-lêng-koān koán, choan-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 767.3 pêng-hong kong-lí.

1949-nî 6-goe̍h 28-ji̍t, Chiu-lêng hô-pêng kái-hòng. 9-goe̍h 1-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn Bîn-chú Chèng-hú. 11-goe̍h 12-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn Chèng-hú, lē-sio̍k Hok-an Choan-oân Kong-sú.

1955-nî 9-goe̍h, Siū-lêng-koān ōe-chhut tē-la̍k-khu (hiān-chú-sî Sûn-tî-hiuⁿ ê 11 ê hêng-chèng-chhun kah Sì-kiô-hiuⁿ choân-pō͘ ê 278.7 pêng-hong kong-lí, kui Chiu-lêngkoān koán-hat, choân-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 1046 pêng-hong kong-lí.

1970-nî 7-goe̍h khai-sí, lē-sio̍k Lêng-tek Tē-khu.

Bîn-kok goân-nî (1912-nî), Tang-iûⁿ Hun-koān khai-sí iû Lêng-tek-koān phài hun-chù-oân tī-lí. Bîn-kok 3-nî tiông-sin siat koān-chò (). Bîn-kok 18-nî, chhú-siau koān-chò siat kéng-chhat-só͘, chong-ha̍p koán-lí hat-khu hêng-chèng sū-bū. Bîn-kok 19-nî kai-siat Kong-an Hun-kio̍k. Bîn-kok 22-nî 6-goe̍h, kai-siat Lêng-tek-koān tē-gō͘-khu. Bîn-kok 24-nî 6-goe̍h kai-siat Chiu-tun Tek-chéng-khu, thoat-lî Lêng-tek-koān ê koán-hat, ti̍t-sio̍k Hok-kiàn-séng Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (Kong-sú tī Tn̂g-la̍k ). Bîn-kok 25-nî 2-goe̍h, koh-chài kái-sêng Lêng-tek-koān Tē-saⁿ-khu. Bîn-kok 26-nî 1-goe̍h, hoe-ho̍k ûi Chiu-tun Tek-chéng-khu, lē-sio̍k lē-sio̍k Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu. Bîn-kok 32-nî 9-goe̍h, lē-sio̍k Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu.

Bîn-kok 34-nî 8-goe̍h 1-ji̍t siat koān, èng Chiu-tun () kah Lêng-tek () nn̄g-ê tē-miâ ê thâu-chi̍t-ê jī khí-miâ kiò Chiu-lêng-koān, koān-chèng-hú só͘-chāi-tē tī Sai-siâⁿ (), koán-hat bīn-chek 639.6 pêng-hong kong-lí, lē-sio̍k Tē-poeh Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu (bîn-kok 36-nî 4-goe̍h, kái-chheng Tē-it Hêng-chèng Tok-chhat-khu).

Bîn-kok 37-nî 9-goe̍h, Lêng-tek-koān sek Hâm-sam-hiuⁿ () 127.7 pêng-hong kong-lí kui Chiu-lêng-koān koán, choân-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 767.3 pêng-hong kong-lí.

1949-nî 6goe̍h 28-ji̍t, Chiu-lêng kái-hòng. 9-goe̍h 1-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn-bîn-chú-chèng-hú. 11-goe̍h 12-ji̍t, sêng-li̍p Chiu-lêng-koān Jîn-bîn-chèng-hú, lē-sio̍k Hok-an Choan-oân Kong-sú.

1955-nî 9goe̍h, Siū-lêng-koān ōe-chhut Tē-la̍k-khu (hiān-chú-sî Sûn-tî-hiuⁿ ê 11 ê hêng-chèng-chhun kah Sì-kiô-hiuⁿ choân-hiuⁿ) bīn-chek 278.7 pêng-hong kong-lí, kui Chiu-lêng-koān koán-hat, choân-koān bīn-chek cheng-ka kàu 1046 pêng-hong kong-lí.

1970-nî 7-goe̍h khí, se-sio̍k Lêng-tek Tē-khu.

## Hêng-chèng Khu-ōa

## Tē-lí Khoân-kéng

### Tē-Māu

周宁地处鹫峰山脉东麓，地势由西北向东南倾斜。境内峰峦起伏、山陡谷深、溪谷错综。境内平均海拔在800米以上，最高点龙岗头，海拔1506米；最低点街头亭，海拔仅65米；县城所在地狮城镇海拔880米。千米以上的高峰282座，县城海拔880米，居福建省之首。

鹫峰山脉的主体部分在境内连绵起伏，形成海拔800米以上的中山地貌、海拔500米以上至800米的低山地貌和海拔500米以下的丘陵地貌。周宁东南部县境距海岸74公里。

地貌有中山、低山、丘陵三大类型，中山占全县土地面积的61%，是用材林和单季稻、牧、茶区；低山占26.7%，是水源涵养林和粮、茶区；丘陵地占12.3%，是双季稻和主要经济作物区。

境内水系发达，天然落差大，水电资源可开发利用大约37万千瓦。

### Khì-hāu

Chiu-lêng-koān sio̍k Tiong-a-jia̍t-tài hái-iûⁿ-sìⁿ kùi-hong soaⁿ-tē khì-hāu, sù-kùi hun-bêng. Kôaⁿ-thiⁿ tn̂g, joa̍h-thiⁿ té, chōe-hō͘. 2010-nî pêng-kin khì-un 15.5℃, ke̍k-toan chòe-koân khì-un 32.9℃, ke̍k-toan chòe-kē khì-un -5.2℃, nî kàng-chúi-liōng 2130.7-hô-bí, kàng-hō͘ thiⁿ-sò͘ 192 kang, ji̍t-chiàu sî-sò͘ 1617-sió-sî. Hái-poa̍t lo̍k-chha sûi-ti̍t chha-ī tōa, jia̍t-liōng chu-goân mā hun-pò͘ chha-ī tōa, hêng-sêng li̍p-thé ê lông-gia̍p khì-hāu. Hái-poa̍t 400-bí i-hā ê khì-hāu kah Tiong-a-jia̍t-tài-hêng saⁿ-sâng, ē-ēng chèng sang-kùi-tiū kah a-jia̍t-tài chúi-kó-chhiū kah kî-tha keng-chè chok-bu̍t. Te̍k-pia̍t sī tī hái-poa̍t 200-bí i-hā ê te-khiu-tē-khu, bô-sng-kî tn̂g, oa̍t-tang tiâu-kiāⁿ hó, sī Chiu-lêng-koān jia̍t-liōng chu-goân ê chòe-hó ê só͘-chāi. Hái-poa̍t 400 kàu 850-bí ê ko-khiu, te-soaⁿ-tē-khu, jia̍t-liōng kah pak-a-jia̍t-tài saⁿ-sâng, ē-ēng chèng khah m̄-kiaⁿ-kôaⁿ ê a-jia̍t-tài chúi-kó-chhiū kah ko-sò͘-chit ê tê-hio̍h. 850-bí í-siōng ê tiong-soaⁿ tē-khu, jia̍t-liōng tiâu-kiāⁿ kah lâm-un-tài saⁿ-sâng, sī phiah-sú-san-chong kiàn-siat, kho-ki-lâu, chok-ka-chhù téng-téng lú-iû-gia̍p ê khai-hoat lī-iōng, thê-kiong liông-hó ê khì-hāu chu-goân.

Chiu-lêng-koān hō͘-liōng chhiong-phài, chúi-hun chu-goân chhiong-chiok, lông-chok-bu̍t seng-tióng-kùi (khì-un 10-tō͘ í-siōng) pêng-kin hō͘-liōng ta̍t 1300 kàu 1600 hô-bí. Mûi-ú kah hong-thai kùi-chiat ū-sî ū pok-hō͘.

## Chū-jiân Chu-goân

### Khòng-sán

周宁历史上曾有过银、铁采炼，已探明矿藏有16种，主要有明矾石、珍珠岩、高岭土、稀土、花岗石料、矿泉水及钨、铁、钼、铅、锌、银等矿藏地27处，其中：中小型矿床7个，矿石20个，各类矿化点28个。在储矿藏中，已探明珍珠岩储量61.24吨、明矾石储量251.2万吨、高岭土储量1079万吨、泥煤储量23.5万吨。潜在矿种有银、花岗石料、叶腊石等。

### Chhiū-nâ

内森林植被属于常绿温暖照叶林地带。植被有12个类型，46个群丛，有大量的药用植物和禽兽类资源，虽经历几次较大幅度的消长过程，仍不失原貌。

1973年起，先后进行3次森林资源调查。至1987年，全县森林林分年平均总生长量由7.17万立方米提高到7.19万立方米，以马尾松、杉木人工林为主的针叶树种，分布广、生长快、产量高，林相整齐，构成新型的植被类型。[4] 
境内林业用地为典型的地带性特征，主要为红壤和黄壤，分布在中山、低山、丘陵地带。1981年林业区划，进行第一次全县林地土壤普查，计有林业用地120万亩，占土地总面积的76.48%，划分为3个土类，8个亚类，17个土属。在各类土壤面积中，红壤795639亩，占林业用地66.35%；黄壤376590亩，占31.41%；紫色土26881亩，占2.24%。全县林业用地土壤均属酸性，其中：一类地面积837564亩，占土类面积的69.8%，主要土类有黄壤、黄红壤、暗红壤、水花红壤、红壤等，多分布在礼门、李墩、浦源、纯池等低丘地段；二类地面积358099亩，占土类面积29.9%，主要土类为粗骨红壤、粗骨黄壤、紫色土，多分布在礼门、七步、咸村、浦源、玛坑的高丘地段；三类土地面积3447亩，占总面积的0.3%，主要土类是粗骨红壤，分布在七步、咸村、玛坑等地的山脊、山顶及陡坡地段；有少量分布在溪河两岸、山顶、山脊上的岩石裸露地为四类地。

1987年，全县林业用地面积1187832亩，占土地总面积的75.7%。[5] 

### Keng-tē

民国时期，耕地面积以主产物收获量折算，茶园与农地混合，面积失实。民国31年（1942年），编查耕地面积合计为11.06万亩。民国34年经复查核实，耕地总面积为10.84万亩。民国37年9月，宁德县咸村划归周宁，全县耕地总面积为16.92万亩，农业人均2.31亩。

建国后，经过土地改革和农业合作化运动，农民生产积极性高，陆续开垦耕地。至1956年全县耕地增至18.39万亩，农业人均2.28亩。1960年经济困难时期，部分边远耕地抛荒，1963年陆续垦复耕作。此后，由于国家和社、队兴修水利、建设公路、办工厂、农村基建、机关单位建房以及其他占用等，1979年，全县只剩耕地14.50万亩，农业人均1.12亩，与1956年比，减3.89万亩。1980年后，贯彻《土地法》，对耕地实行依法管理，制止滥占耕地。1988年，全县耕地面积增至14.71万亩，但由于人口增加，农业人均却降至1.02亩。

据农业区划普查，1980年全县水田10万亩，农地4.5万亩，合计耕地14.5万亩。耕地地处海拔800米以上的占59.59%，500至800米的占26.43%，500米以下的占13.98%。水田中分布在溪谷平地田占15.26%，缓坡地山垅田占32.17%，梯田占47.14%，溪岸边田占5.44%；农地中，处于25度以上坡地占17.40%，15至25度山地占32.70%，6至15度缓坡地占41.60%，6度以下占8.30%。

耕地土壤类型分布，水田中，渗育型占53.46%，潴育型占29.88%，潜育型占16.66%；农地中，红土占41.45%，黄泥土占55.02%，紫色土占2.25%，冲积土占1.29%。

水田有机质和磷、钾含量状况为，缺磷、缺钾面积分别占水田总面积的92.3%和67.66%。内涵冷烂酸锈毒等低产障碍因素的中、低产田面积多达7.8万亩，占水田总面积78%。[6] 

## Jîn-kháu kah Bîn-cho̍k

### Jîn-kháu

Chiu-lêng-koān kéng-lāi jîn-kháu hun-pò͘ bô pêng-kin, khe-liû nn̄g-hoaⁿ phûn-tē jîn-kháu khah chōe, khah koân khah hn̂g ê soaⁿ-khu jîn-kháu khah chió.

Bîn-kok 34-nî (1.945), choân-koān jîn-kháu 48057 lâng, thó͘-tē bīn-chek 639.6 pêng-hong kong-lí, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ múi pêng-hong kong-lí 75.1 lâng.

Kiàn-kok liáu-āu, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ bān-bān piàn-chōe. Àn-chiàu múi pêng-hong kong-lí pêng-kin jîn-sò͘ lâi kè-sǹg, 1954-nî 77.7 lâng, 1964-nî tē-jī-pái jîn-kháu phó͘-cha sî 94 lâng, 1982-nî tē-saⁿ-pái jîn-kháu phó͘-cha sî 139 lâng, 1988-nî seng kàu 150 lâng, kî-tiong Sai-siâⁿ-tìn jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ chòe-chè, ta̍t-kàu 407lâng, Sûn-tî-hiuⁿ chòe-chió nā-ū 100 lâng.

### Bîn-cho̍k

Chiu-lêng tōa-pō͘-hūn sī hàn-cho̍k. Kái-hòng chêng sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k kan-na ū siâ-cho̍k. Àn-chiàu 1953-nî jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, choân-koān hàn-cho̍k 62984 lâng, chiàm chóng-jîn-kháu ê 98.98%; siâ-cho̍k 646 lâng, chiàm 1.02%. Āu-piah, in-ūi kang-chok, hun-in, thàn-chîⁿ téng-téng ê goan-in, ū kî-tha sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k chhian-ji̍p. 1982-nî jîn-kháu phó͘-cha sî, choân-koān hàn-cho̍k 143754 lâng, chiàm chóng-jîn-kháu ê 99.01%; sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k 7 ê, chóng-kiōng 1438 lâng, chiàm 0.99%. Kî-tiong siâ-cho̍k 1407 lâng, chòng-cho̍k 19 lâng, biô-cho̍k 6 lâng, ko-san-cho̍k 3 lâng, bán-cho̍k, hôe-cho̍k, î-cho̍k kak 1 lâng. Kah 1964-nî jîn-kháu phó͘-cha siong-tùi-pí, hàn-cho̍k jîn-kháu cheng-ka 45989 lâng, cheng-tióng 47.04%; sió-sò͘-bîn-cho̍k jîn-kháu cheng-ka 472 lâng, cheng-ka 48.86%.

Hàn-cho̍k jîn-kháu phiàn-pò͘ choân-koān kak-tē, siâ-cho̍k jîn-kháu chú-iàu tiàm-tī Sai-siâⁿ, Âm-chhun (Hâm-chhun), Bé-khiⁿ, Chhit-pō͘ téng 4 ê hiuⁿ-tìn ê 26 ê chū-jiân-chhun. Kî-tiong ÂM-chhun-tìn (Hâm-chhun-tìm) ê Ûi-mn̂g-chhun (Ûn-bûn-chhun) siat-ū siâ-cho̍k chhun-úi-hōe.

## Keng-chè Khài-hóng

### Thé-chè iân-kek

### Le̍k-sú hoat-tián

Sán-phín siau-lō͘ iā-hó. 2011-nî oân-sêng siau-siū sán-ta̍t 415147-bān kho͘, cheng-tióng 24.8%; kang-gia̍p-phín siau-siū-lu̍t ta̍t 99.9%, pí téng-nî tông-kî ke 1.0%. Kang-gia̍p-phín sán-liōng ū cheng-ka ū kiám-chió, kî-tiong hoat-tiān-liōng hā-kàng 49.3%, chù-kiāⁿ cheng-tióng 32.6%, cheng-chè tê-hio̍h cheng-tióng 25.9%, Ou-cheng-khòng ( cheng-tióng 7.0-pōe-su.

## Kau-thong Ūn-su

1959-nî í-chêng, choân-koān ê ūn-su ki-pún sī khò lâng taⁿ.

1959-nî 5-ge̍h, Sió-phó͘ (Sió-kó͘-tìn kàu Phó͘-siâⁿ) kong-lō͘ Sài-phó͘ (Sài-kiâ kàu Phó͘-siâⁿ) toān thong-chhia. Sió-phó͘ kong-lō͘ Sài-phó͘ toān thong-chhia liáu-āu, khì-chhia kah kî-tha ki-tōng-chhia bān-bān chhú-tāi jîn-le̍k lâi ūn-su. Tong-nî nî-tóe, tī "Kiōng-sán-hong" ē éng-hióng ē, choân-koān bô-siông tiàu-ēng lô-le̍k kah bu̍t-chu, cho͘-chit bîn-kang kah ki-kang 5092 lâng, tâu-kiàn Lê-pîⁿ kàu gōa-piáu, siâⁿ-koan kàu Sûn-tî, Chhit-pō͘ kau Lí-tun 3 tiâu kong-lō͘, in-ūi tong-sî kok-bîn keng-chè khùn-lân, hun-pia̍t tī 1960-nî 4-ge̍h kah 1961-nî 2-ge̍h thêng-kiàn.

1965-nî tang-thiⁿ, cho͘-chit choân-koān bîn-kang kè-siok kiàn-siat, kóng-tāi kàn-pō͘ kûn-chiòng bô-koán Bûn-hòa Tōa-kek-bēng ê éng-hióng, kian-chhî kiàn-siat.

1965-nî kàu 1976-nî, siān-hiō kiàn-sêng kong-lō͘ 8-tiâu 105.43 kong-lí (bē pau-khoat Mâ-niá kun-ēng kong-lō͘). Si̍t-hiān choân-koān thong kong-lō͘. Kong-lō͘ iân-sòaⁿ chhoan-bîn khai-sí í pán-chhia ūn mi̍h-kiāⁿ, í kha-ta̍h-chhia tāi-pō͘.

1983-nî í-āu, chhia-liōng khai-sí tōa-liōng cheng-ka, kong-lō͘ chhut-hiān--liáu hō͘-siong kēng-cheng ê kéng-siōng. Khah-khoah khah-sóng, ko-hāu koh-khah chiat-lêng ê sin-hêng chhia-liōng bān-bān khai-sí lâu-ji̍p chhī-tiûⁿ.

1988-nî nî-té, choân-koān chóng-kiōng ū kong-lō͘ 32-tiâu, chóng-tn̂g 301.3 kong-lí. Pêng-kin múi chi̍t-pah pêng-hong kong-lí ū kong-lō͘ 28.8 kong-lí, thong-chhia--liáu ê hêng-chèng-chhun 86-ê, chiàm choân-koān hêng-chèng-chhun sò͘-liōng ê 61.4%, chho͘-pō͘ hêng-sêng í Sai-siâⁿ ûi tiong-sim ê kong-lō͘ kau-thong-bāng. Hok-chiu, Phó͘-siâⁿ, Siāu-bú, Sūn-chhiong, Lâm-pêng, Hâ-phó͘ kah Chiat-kang Chiong-lâm, ké-ū tong-ji̍t ti̍t-ta̍t kheh-chhia, thiat-té kái-piàn--liáu tn̂g-kî kau-thong bô-hong-piān ê lo̍k-hō͘ bīn-māu. Tān-sī m̄-koh koh-ū phian-oán soaⁿ-khu chhun kau-thong koh-sī bô-hong-piān, mi̍h-kiāⁿ iû-goân sī lâng jîn-le̍k lâi taⁿ.

2012-nî, Lêng-siōng ko-sok Chiu-lêng toān thong-chhia, chhut-hêng lú-lâi-lú-hong-piān.

## Bûn-hòa

### Gí-giân

Chiu-lêng-ōe sio̍k-û í hok-chiu-ōe ûi tāi-piáu ê bân-tang hong-giân pak-phiàn, kéng-lāi thong-hêng ê sī koān-siâⁿ Sai-siâⁿ-tīn kháu-im ûi tāi-piáu ê chiu-lêng-ōe.
Chiu-lêng-koān kiàn-koān í-chêng (1935-nî) siat-ū Chiu-tun te̍k-chéng-khu (), só͘-í chiu-lêng-ōe mā kiò-chòe **chiu-tun-ōe** (). Le̍k-sú-siōng, Chiu-lêng in-ūi phian-phiah, kah séng-siâⁿ Hok-chiu thài-hn̄g, ka-siōng kau-thong bô-piān, kah gōa-tē ê chiap-chhiok bô-hong-piān, tong-tē hong-giân í-keng kah Hok-chiu-ōe ū khah-chōe ê khu-pia̍t, siong-tùi kah hok-an-ōe khah chiap-kīn. In-chhú, chiu-lêng-ōe kah bân-tang pak-phiàn ê tē-hong-ōe kâng-khoán, chi̍t-hong-biān pí lâm-phiàn ê hok-chiu-ōe pó-liû koh-khah-chōe ê kó͘-hàn-gí te̍k-tiám, tong-sî ū ka-kī pún-sin ê te̍k-sek.

### Ím-sit

Chú-si̍t: kái-hòng chêng, lông-bîn chú-si̍t sī tōa-bí, han-chî-bí, bô-chîⁿ-lâng í han-chî-bí chò chú-si̍t. Kái-hòng liáu-āu, jîn-bîn ê seng-oa̍h bān-bān piàn-hó, í tōa-bí chò chú-si̍t, chham-cha̍p han-chî-bí. 80 nî-tāi, si̍t-hêng lông-gia̍p seng-sán ke-têng sêng-pau chek-jīm-chè liáu-āu, niû-si̍t ta̍k-nî cheng-sán, tōa-pō͘-hūn lông-bîn chú-iàu chia̍h tōa-bí, ū-sî chia̍h mī-hún si̍t-phín, han-chî-bí ēng-lâi chhī-ti.

Chhài-soe: Koān-lâi chhài-soe phín-chéng chú-iàu ū kòa-chhài, chhài-thâu, iû-chhài, hoe-pân-chhài, èng-chhài, âng-thâu-chhài (pe-lêng-chhài), 牛皮菜, pe̍h-chhài, 芥蓝包, 萁菜, khîn-chhài, hēng-chhài, kú-chhài, 魔芋, soaⁿ-ō͘, chhân-ō͘-á, chî, sù-kùi-tāu, píⁿ-tāu, tn̂g-tāu, 玉豆, n̂g-tāu, bí-tāu, iûⁿ-chhiu-tau, kiô (âng-chhài), pe̍h-pû, tang-koe, chhài-koe, khó͘-koe, ha̍p-chióng-koe (chióng-koe), kim-chiam, mâ-sún, kaⁿ-sún (kau-pe̍h kah kiuⁿ, soàn-thâu, pak-chhang, loa̍h-chio téng. Lông-bîn chhù nā-sī chhiⁿ-chhài khah-chē, he̍k-chiá sī pha̍k--seng chhài-koaⁿ, he̍k-chiá sī ka-iâm sīⁿ hó, kiò-chòe àng-chhài, siông-nî khó-í chia̍h.

Chúi-kó: Chú-iàu ū lâi-á, thô-á, kaⁿ, khī-á, chui, chhiū-m̂, kaⁿ-ná, pî-pê. Kûn-chiòng chia̍h-ê kaⁿ kah pêng-kó téng chúi-kó chú-iàu-sī gōa-tē ji̍p--lâi ê.

Chiú: Kū-sî kûn-chiòng chhù-lāi ka-kī kek n̂g-chiú, pe̍h-chiú (pe̍h-sio), han-chî-chiú. Kái-hòng liáu-āu, koān chiú-chhiúⁿ seng-sán hó͘-kut-bo̍k-koe-chiú, pe̍h-chu̍t-chiú, tîn-lâi-chiú () téng. Kî-tha chiú ké-sī tùi gōa-tē ín-chìn ê.

## Hong-kéng Bêng-sèng

Bêng-sèng-kó͘-chiah ū lí-hî-khoe, káu-liông-chià pho̍k-pò͘-kûn, tih-chúi-gâm, lêng-hong-sī, pián-hok-tōng, khîn-soaⁿ-ô͘, sian-hōng-soaⁿ, āu-lâng-khoe tōa-kiap-kok, chheng-nî kó͘-sat lêng-hong-sī, goân-tāi khiā-ê hong-kóng-sī, chio̍h-mn̂g-soaⁿ, koaⁿ-soaⁿ, Poeh-pô͘ liông-chíⁿ, kì-liām-tē ū tiong-kiōng bân-tang te̍k-úi kū-chí, tiong-kiōng chiu-tun tiong-sim koān-úi sêng-li̍p-tē kū-chí, tōa-chêng-pîⁿ âng-kun siu-hâi-só͘ kū-chí.

Lú-iû chu-goân hong-hù.
Keng-lāi ū hái-kiap sai-hōaⁿ tē-it ê Káu-liông-chià pho̍k-pò͘-kûn,
ū "Tiong-hôa kî-koan" ê Lí-hî-khoe, nn̄g-ê kéng-tiám sī "Tiong-kok oân-bí ká-kî 10-ka lú-iû sòaⁿ-lō͘" ê tē-saⁿ-miâ, sī "Bân-tang-pak chhin-chúi-iû" sòaⁿ-lō͘ ê tiōng-iàu chó͘-sêng pō͘-hūn.
Ū chài-ji̍p "Sû-hái" ê "8-bân siú-kéng" ê Tih-chúi-gâm.
Ū séng-kip chhiū-nâ Sian-hong-soaⁿ, ū pu̍t-kàu sèng-tē Hong-kóng-sī, chheng-nî kó͘-sat Lêng-hong-sī, jîn-kang-ô͘ Khîn-soaⁿ-ô͘, bân-tang ê Se-siang-pán-la̍p Āu-lâng-tōa-kiap-kok kah pián-hok-tōng téng-téng chit-phoe ū-miâ ê lú-iû kéng-tiám, sī Hôa-tang tē-khu ê lú-iû sèng-tē.

### Lí-hî-khoe

**[[Lí-hî-khoe]]** () tī Chiu-lêng-koān siâⁿ-koan sai-pêng 5 kong-lí hn̂g ê **[[Pó͘-tau-chhun]]** (**[[Pó͘-goân-chhun]]**) tiong, sī chi̍t-ê 4A kip kéng-khu. Chhun lāi-bīn lâng ké m̄-chiah lí-hî, hó-hó pó-hō͘ lí-hî. Kàu lí-hî sì liáu-āu, lâng chìn-hêng gî-sit, chiong lí-hî sàng-ji̍p khì chi̍t-ê lí-hî-bōng lāi-piah. Lâng kah lí-hî hô-hâi chòe-tīn seng-oa̍h.

### Káu-liông-chià Pho̍k-pò͘-kûn
**[[Káu-liông-chià]]** pho̍k-pò͘-kûn (), pho̍k-pò͘ chóng lo̍h-chha 300-gōa bí, lâng-chheng "Hôa-tang tē-it, choân-kok chió-ū". 1987-nî teng-kì--ji̍p tē-it-phoe séng-kip hong-kéng-bêng-sèng-khu. 2013-nî 8-goe̍h hō͘ choân-kok lú-iû kéng-khu chit-liōng phêng-tēng úi-oân-hōe phoe-chún ûi kok-ka 4A-kip lú-iû-kéng-khu.
Tē-it-kip pho̍k-pò͘ siōng-kài chòng-koan, koân 46.7 bí, khoah 76 bí, hong-súi-kî khó͘-í ta̍t-kàu 83 bí. Téng-thâu ū chi̍t-ê ti̍t-kèng 14-bí ê khut-á hō͘-lâng kiò-chòe "liông-gán". Tē-la̍k-kip kàu tē-káu-kip siong-liân, lâng-chheng "sì-tia̍p-pho̍k".

### Thah-soaⁿ Kong-hn̂g

**Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g** () tī tang-pō͘ ê chio̍h-sún-kǹg () téng, hái-poa̍t 980-bí, tâu-ji̍p 527 bān-kho͘, 2004 nî-thâu chùn-kang.
Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g lî koān-siâⁿ 1.5 kong-lí, kui-ōe bīn-chek 330-bió （22 bān pêng-hong kong-lí), sī koān-siâⁿ tang-tōa-mn̂g ê chú-iàu kéng-koan chi-it.
2005-nî Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g hāng-bo̍k lia̍t-ji̍p 60 chiu-nî koān-khèng hāng-bo̍k hoān-tiû, tâu-ji̍p 100 bān-kho͘, kiàn-sêng khám-á (280-kip), soaⁿ-mn̂g kóng-tiûⁿ téng-téng.
Kun-kù kui-ōe, Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g kéng-tiám lō͘-sòaⁿ 3000-bí, koàn-chhoan 8-ê chú-iàu jîn-bûn kéng-tiám, àn-chiàu chhek-soàn, Thah-soaⁿ kong-hn̂g hāng-bo̍k tio̍h tâu-chu 1000 bān-kho͘, kî-tiong cheng-tē-khoán 600 bān-kho͘, kiàn-siat chu-kim 400 bān-kho͘.

### Tân-siàu Oan-iuⁿ-khoe

**Oan-iuⁿ-khoe** tī Tih-chúi-gâm lâm-pêng 10-gōa kong-lí ê Tân-chhiò-chhun āu-piah, lî koān-siâⁿ tāi-khài 40 kong-lí, kah Pêng-lâm-koān ê 郑山宜洋村 kâng chit-tiâu khoe keh-kài. Khoe-thâu chiū-sī Pêng-lâm Oan-iuⁿ-khoe kok-ka-kip chū-jiân-pó-hō͘-khu.

Khu-lāi khoe-liû pîⁿ-pîⁿ, chúi iā chheng, khoe-hōaⁿ sī tek-nâ kah koàn-bo̍k.
Múi-nî chhiu-āu, oan-iuⁿ poe-lâi oa̍t-tang, pêng-sî chúi-chiáu iá-ah tī chit-liah chhōe-chiah, chiān-chúi.
Soaⁿ-téng mî-kâu sêng-kûn, chōe sî chi̍t-ê soaⁿ-thâu ū kúi-pah thâu.
Lēng-gōa koh-ū niau-pà, kí, kiuⁿ, soaⁿ-iûⁿ, soaⁿ-ti, pe̍h-hân, tī-koe téng-téng chōe-chéng ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t chhut-ji̍p kî-kan.

Chit-liah kí-sī tin-kî iá-seng tōng-bu̍t ê ke̍k-lo̍k-sè-kài, iā-sī hong-kéng péng súi ê iû-lám-khu.
Āu-lâng-chhun () tī Tih-chúi-gâm ê lâm-pêng, sī Chiu-lêng, Chéng-hô, Pêng-lâm ê kek-bēng lāu-kun-kù-tē, í-keng khai-thong liáu chhia-lō͘.
Āu-lâng-khoe hong-kéng-khu ê hiān-chōng khó͘-í ēng "Chhim-san-lō-lîm" sì-ê jī lâi piáu-sut, kî-gâm-ī-se̍k si-koe choân-sī, goân-sí chhiū-nâ pó-hō͘ iā-hó.

Chit-tiâu khoe mā-sī Hòe-tâng-khoe ê tiōng-iàu chi-liû chi-it.

### Tih-chúi-gâm

Tih-chúi-gâm hong-kéng-khu () tī Chiu-lêng-koān sai-lâm-pêng 30 kong-lí ê Tōng-keng-soaⁿ () soaⁿ-kha, kah Lí-hî-khe, Káu-lêng-chià Pho̍k-pò͘-kûn sâng sâng chhut-miâ, miâ ū hō͘ "Sû-hái" () siu-lo̍k.

### Lîm-kong-keng

Lîm-kong-keng () tī Chiu-lêng-koān Bé-khiⁿ-hiuⁿ Sam-iông-chhun. Chheng-tiâu ka-khèng 17-nî (1811-nî) khiā--ê. Chheng-tiâu Tō-kong 15-nî (1835-nî) tiông-siu. Chè-sū--ê sī Lîm-kong Tiong-pêng-ông. Keng chiàm-tōe bīn-chek tāi-khài ū 100 pêng-hong-bí. Chō lâm hiòng pak, ū mn̂g-lâu, hì-tâi kah tōa-tiān. Tōa-tiān bīn khoah 3 keng, chìn chhim 3 keng. Lāi-piah ū "Se-iû-kì" ê piah-tô͘. Pó-chûn ū chheng-tiâu tông-tī 12-nî (1873-nî) thih téng() 1 chun. 1989-nî kong-pò͘ ûi koān-kip bûn-bu̍t pó-hō͘ toaⁿ-ūi.

## Tē-hong Tek-san

### Tê

Àn-chiàu le̍k-sú kì-chài, "Chiu-lêng-koān chiông sòng-tiâu khai-sí í-keng u chéng tê, chū-sán-chū-ēng. Chheng-tāi hâm-hong, tông-tī nî-kan, tê-bí hiān khai-sí gōa-siau se-au, lâm-iông téng só͘-chāi, 1946-nî 'koan-su' () tê ū tek-kàu pa-ná-má kok-chè phok-lám-hōe gîn-chióng." Chiu-lêng hiān-chú-sî ū tê-hn̂g bīn-chek 10.7 bān bó͘, chóng-sán-liōng 6340 tùn, sán-ta̍t 6910 bān kho͘, chiàm lông-gia̍p sán-ta̍t 12%, choân-koān 70% í-siōng ê lông-gia̍p jîn-kháu ti̍t-chiap á-sī kan-chiap chiông-sū tê-bí sán-gia̍p. Tī 2000-nî tiong-kok tê-bûn-hòa kok-chè gián-thó-hōe téng-bīn, "Chí-ûn-gîn-chiam" () tek-kàu kim-chióng, "Chí-ûn Ko-san Tōa-âng-hô" (), "Koan-su it-kip hoe-tê" () tek-kàu iu-siù-chióng. Tī 2000-nî Tiong-kok kok-chè Tê Phok-lám Kau-e̍k-hōe téng, "Koan-su bô-chiam" () tek-kàu kim-chióng, "Koan-su le̍k-tê" () tek-kàu gîn-chióng.