Sin-ka-pho

**Sin-ka-pho** (), choân-chheng **Sin-ka-pho Kiōng-hô-kok** (, , ), sī Má-lâi poàn-tó lâm-hong ê tó-kok, thó͘-tē bīn-chek 647.5 km².

Sin-ka-pho ê jîn-kháu ū tāi-iok 400-bān lâng. Tn̂g-lâng chiàm 76.9%, Má-lâi-lâng 14%, Ìn-tō͘-lâng 7.7%, ki-thaⁿ cho̍k-kûn chiàm 1.4%.

Chú-iàu ê chong-kàu ū: Hu̍t-kàu, Tō-kàu, Islam-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah ìn-tō͘-kàu. 

Má-lâi-gí sī kok-gí. Eng-gí, Hôa-gí (tong-tē chheng Tn̂g-lâng-ōe), Tamil-gí lóng-sī koaⁿ-hong gí-giân, kî-tiong Eng-gí iū-koh sī hêng-chèng iōng-gí, thong-iōng ê kang-chok gí-giân.

Hôa-jîn cho̍k-kûn ê thong-iōng gí-giân ū: Hôa-gí, Hok-kiàn-oē, Tiô-chiu-oē, Kńg-tang-ōe kap Kheh-ka-gí sù tāi hong-giân.

## Tē-miâ
Tû-liáu "Sin-ka-pho" í-goā, chit-ê só͘-chāi koh ū chin chē kî-tha ê miâ, chhan-chhiūⁿ "Sai-siâⁿ" (獅城) kap Má-lâi-gí ê "Temasek"; Ji̍t-pún chhàm-niá ê sî-chūn ia̍h bat kái chò "Syônantô" (昭南島). Í-chá ê hàn-jī siá-hoat pau-koa 星加坡, 新嘉坡, 新加坡 í-ki̍p 星嘉坡, 1965 nî to̍k-li̍p í-āu, hàn-jī it-lu̍t ēng 新加坡.

## Le̍k-sú

Sin-ka-pho le̍k-sú chin té-chiām, chá-kî chú-iàu sī Má-lâi-lâng tī chia tòa, tāi-iok tī-leh kong-gôan 13, 14 sè-kí hit-chūn, Tiong-kok-lâng to̍h í-keng lâi-kàu Sin-Má tē-khu. Bêng, Chheng sî-tāi ê Hok-kiàn-lâng, kā Sin-ka-pho kiò-chòe "Sit-la̍t" (gí-goân sī Má-lâi-gí ê *Selat*) he̍k-chiá "Sit-la̍t-po͘" . Kong-gôan 1819 nî 1 ge̍h 29 hō, Eng-kok Tang-ìn-tō͘ kong-si ê sin-lô Stamford Raffles lâi-kàu Sin-ka-pho, pēng-chhiáⁿ khai-sí kóan-ha̍t chit-tè thó͘-tē. Kong-gôan 1824 nî, Sin-ka-pho chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē. 

Kong-gôan 1941 nî, Thài-pêng-iûⁿ chiàn-cheng ê sî-kî, Sin-ka-pho cho-siū Ji̍t-pún-lâng thóng-tī 3 nî koh 6 go̍eh-ji̍t. Kàu-kah 1945 nî 8 ge̍h, Eng-kok chiah-koh chia̍p-kóan Sin-ka-pho. 1959 nî, Sin-ka-pho tit-tio̍h chū-tī ê tē-ūi, liáu-āu, tī 1963, iū-koh kiat-ha̍p hit-tong-sî ê Má-lâi Liân-pang, Sarawak kah Pak Borneo (iā-to̍h-sī chit-chūn ê "Sabah" ), kiōng-tông sêng-li̍p Má-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, thoat-lī Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. Kong-gôan 1965 nî 8 ge̍h 9 hō, Sin-ka-pho soan-pò͘ thè-chhut Má-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chò 1-ê chú-kôan to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka. 

Chhú-khì 30-nî tiong-kan, Sin-ka-pho keng-chè tit-tio̍h hui-sok ê hoat-tián, chiâⁿ-chòe Tang-lâm-a tiōng-iàu ê kim-iông kah chóan-kháu bō͘-ek tiong-sim, sī A-chiu sì-sió-liông chi-chi̍t.

## Chèng-tī

Sin-ka-pho sī gī-hōe-chè ê kok-ka, kok-ka ki-kò͘ si̍t-hêng sam-koân hun-li̍p, chóng-thóng sī ti̍t-chiap bîn-sóan sán-seng--ê, sī kok-ka ê gôan-siú. Kok-hōe gī-ôan mā-sī sóan-kú sán-seng. Ah chóng-lí sī àn kok-hōe to-sò͘ tóng tang-tiong sán-seng, i léng-tō ê lōe-koh iong-iú hêng-chèng-kôan. Chóng-lí ē-tàng ùi gī-ôan tang-tiong sóan-chhut lōe-koh sêng-ôan. 

Se-hong kok-ka phoe-phêng kóng, Sin-ka-pho Jîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóng tn̂g-kî chiáng-khòng tio̍h Sin-ka-pho ê chèng-tī bú-tâi, kok-hōe sêng-ôan tōa-to-sò͘ lóng-sī chit-ê tóng ê lâng, ah chêng-āu 3-jīm ê chóng-lí (Lí Kong-iāu, Gô͘ Chok-tòng kah Lí Hián-liông) mā sî lâi-chū chit-ê tóng. Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú thé-chè kán-ná koh-khah chiap-kīn choan-chè thóng-tī, iah hām bîn-chú chèng-tī chin bô sio-siâng. Iah m̄-ko̍h hō͘ lâng kám-kak kiaⁿ-kî kah chheng-chàn ê sī, Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú kèng-jiân sī 1-ê ôan-chôan thàu-bêng, chheng-liâm iū-koh ko-hāu ê chèng-hú.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Tiong-khu
* Tang-khu
* Pak-khu
* Tang-pak-khu
* Sai-khu

## Keng-chè

Kong-gôan 1965 nî liāu-āu, Sin-ka-pho ê keng-chè sìn-sok hoat-tián--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chòe sin-heng ê hiān-tāi-hòa kang-gia̍p kok-ka. Kang-gia̍p chú-iàu pau-koat kok-lāi siōng-tōa ê liàn-iû tiong-sim, hòa-kang, chō-chûn, tiān-chú kah ki-hâi téng . Tù-miâ ê Jū-lông kang-gia̍p-khu (Hàn-jī:裕廊, Eng-gí :Jurong Industrial Park) to̍h-sī tī Sin-ka-pho. Kok-chè bō͘-ek kah kim-iông gia̍p tī Sin-ka-pho keng-chè tang-tiong pān-ián tio̍h chin-chiàⁿ tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek. Bo̍k-chiân, Sin-ka-pho sī chôan-kiu tē-4-tōa gōa-hōe chhī-tiûⁿ kau-ek tiong-sim, kan-ta pâi-tī Niú-iok, Lûn-tun kah Tang-kiaⁿ ê āu-piah. Sin-ka-pho ūn-su gia̍p hui-siông hoat-ta̍t, chit-tè ū chôan-kiû siāng hôan-bâng, siāng lāu-jia̍t ê káng-kháu kah ki-tiûⁿ. Choè-kīn kúi nî, Sin-ka-pho toā-liōng tâu-chu, kè-oē seng-bu̍t kho-ki ê sán-gia̍p hoat-tián. Jîn-bîn seng-oa̍h chúi-pêng chin-kôan, jîn-kin kok-bîn seng-sán chóng-ti̍t chhiau-kòe 3-bān Bí-gôan, pâi-tī sè-kài thâu-kúi-miâ. Lú-iû gia̍p mā tī kok-ka chéng-kô ê keng-chè kiat-kò͘ tang-tiong chiàm-kū tiōng-iàu ê pí-tāng, lâi chia chhit-thô, lú-iû ê lâng-kheh chú-iàu lâi-chū Ji̍t-pún, Tiong-kok, Au-Bí kah Tang-lâm-a kî-thaⁿ kok-ka .

Lūi-pia̍t:Tó-kok