open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Emily Brontë

**Emily Brontë** (1818 nî 7 goe̍h 30 – 1848 nî 12 goe̍h 19) chham chí-mōe Charlotte kap Anne chò hóe lóng sī Eng-lân bûn-ha̍k chok-ka. Emily ê chok-phín chi it sī 1847 nî ê *[[Wuthering Heights]]*.

## Chham-khó
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
Sìn-khái Kok-chè

**Sìn-khái Kok-chè** (Hàn-jī: 訊凱國際; Eng-bûn: *Cooler Master*) sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng tiān-náu ngē-thé ê chè-chō kong-si.
Tiong-khoân Kong-si

**Tiong-khoân Kong-si** (Hàn-jī: 中環公司; Eng-bûn: *CMC Magnetics*) sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng kong-tiān iōng-phín ê chè-chō kong-si.
Tiong-hoâ Èng-koán

**Tiong-hoâ Èng-koán** (中華映管), kán-chheng **Hoâ-èng** (華映), sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng hián-sī siat-pī ê chè-chō kong-si.
Ta-bá-koh

**Ta-bá-koh** sī hun-chháu (*Nicotiana* sio̍k si̍t-bu̍t) ê hio̍h-á ka-kang liáu-āu ê chho͘-ki̍p chè-phín

## Siong-koan
* Chóa-hun
* Sek-gâ-hun
Chóa-hun

**Chóa-hun** he̍k-chiá kiò **hun**, **hun-ki**, sī chiong ta-bá-koh (hun-chháu ka-kang-phín) chhiat hó-sè pau-chong ùi sè kńg chóa tâng-á lāi ê hun.

Che sī kin-sè chia̍h-hun phó͘-thong ê hong-sek.

## Siong-koan
* Sek-gâ-hun

## Chham-khó
Sek-gâ-hun

**Sek-gâ-hun**, ia̍h thang hō-chò **kńg-hun** (Eng-gí: *cigar*) sī chi̍t khoán hun, sī kńg chò-hóe ê chi̍t chhok hang-taⁿ hoat-kàⁿ ê ta-bá-koh, ū chin chē bô-kâng ê chhùn-chhioh.

## Siong-koan
* Chóa-hun, kńg ùi chóa lāi ê hun.

## Chham-khó
IKEA

**IKEA** (Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd) sī chi̍t keng Sūi-tián ê khiā-ke ka-kū siat-kè kiam sió-bē kong-si. IKEA sī iû tong-chho͘ chiah 17 hòe ê Ingvar Kamprad tī 1943 nî tī Sūi-tián sêng-li̍p.
Ingvar Kamprad

**Feodor Ingvar Kamprad** () sī chi̍t ūi Sūi-tián ê seng-lí-lâng, i mā sī ū-miâ ê ka-kū kong-si IKEA ê chhòng-pān-jîn.
Lí Kok-hông

**Lí Kok-hông** (李國煌; ) sī chi̍t ūi Sin-ka-pho ê cha-bó͘ hí-kio̍k ián-oân, chú-chhî-jîn kiam tiān-iáⁿ tō-ián.
Empire of the Sun

**Empire of the Sun** sī chi̍t ê Australia Sydney ê siang lâng ga̍k-thoân, iû Luke Steele kap Nick Littlemore 2 lâng cho͘-sêng.
Tán-lō͘

**Tán-lō͘** (等路), he̍k-chiá **lé-bu̍t** (禮物), sī lâng hām lâng sio-sàng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Sàng tán-lō͘ ê bo̍k-te̍k it-poaⁿ sī ūi-tio̍h beh hō͘ siu lé ê lâng hoaⁿ-hí, he̍k-chiá sī beh piáu-ta̍t ka-kī ê siān-ì ia̍h kèng-ì. Tán-lō͘ mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ the̍h-lâi khèng-chiok cheh-ji̍t ia̍h-sī kì-liām tiōng-iàu ê ji̍t-chí, chhin-chhiūⁿ seⁿ-ji̍t.
Bruno Kirby

**Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu, Jr.** () sī Bí-kok ê ián-goân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok cha-po͘ ián-goân
Seⁿ-ji̍t

**Seⁿ-ji̍t** (生日) sī lâng chhut-sì ê ji̍t-chí. Tī thoân-thóng ê Tang-a sè-kài, it-poaⁿ lóng khah tiōng-sī sī-toā-lâng ê seⁿ-ji̍t, ta̍k nî ê seⁿ-ji̍t lóng sī chi̍t pái ka-cho̍k ê chū-hōe, ē-sái khoàⁿ chò sī ka-cho̍k ê tiōng-iàu cheh-ji̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-oa̍h
Cheh-ji̍t

**Cheh-ji̍t** () sī seng-oa̍h tiong ta̍t-tit kì-liām ê tiōng-iàu ji̍t-chí. Ta̍k ê chéng-cho̍k ia̍h kok-ka lóng ū ka-kī ê cheh-ji̍t. Chi̍t-koá cheh-ji̍t sī goân-chū thoân-thóng ê si̍p-koàn, chhin-chhiūⁿ Tang-a ê Kòe-nî, Toan-ngó͘ ia̍h Tiong-chhiu téng-téng. Chi̍t-koá cheh-ji̍t sī goân-chū chong-kàu, chhin-chhiūⁿ Ki-tok-kàu kok-ka ê Sèng-tàn-cheh. Chi̍t-koá cheh-ji̍t sī goân-chū tùi te̍k-tēng jîn-sū ia̍h sū-kiāⁿ ê kì-liām, chhin-chhiūⁿ kok-kok ê kok-khèng-ji̍t.
Hioh-joa̍h

**Hioh-joa̍h** (歇熱), he̍k-chiá **sú-ká** (暑假), sī tī joa̍h-thiⁿ ha̍k-kî tiong-kan, thê-kiong hō͘ ha̍k-seng ê ká-kî.
Sit-gia̍p

**Sit-gia̍p** (失業) sī chi̍t ê lâng sui-jiân ū kang-chok ì-goān, tān-sī soah bô khang-khòe thang hō͘ chò, mā bô siu-ji̍p ê chōng-thài.
Tiô-chiu-hē Tâi-oân-lâng

**Tiô-chiu-hē Tâi-oân-lâng** (潮州系台灣儂) sī chi̍t ê í-keng iông-ji̍p kî-thaⁿ cho̍k-kûn ê Tâi-oân kûn-thé, bo̍k-chiân í-keng siau-sit, oân-choân jīn-tông Hō-ló ia̍h Kheh-ka. Tiô-chiu-hē Tâi-oân-lâng ê chó͘-sian lâi-chū Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng ê Tiô-soàⁿ tē-khu, hām Bân-lâm tē-khu ê lâi-óng kap koan-hē pún-lâi tō chin bi̍t-chhiat.
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê cho̍k-kûn
Kok-ka jīn-tông

**Kok-ka jīn-tông** (國家認同; *national identity*) sī lâng tùi kok-ka ê jīn-tông-kám kap kui-sio̍k-kám. Che sī kā kok-cho̍k khoàⁿ chò sī chi̍t ê gêng-chū ê chéng-thé kài-liām, thong-siông ē í hit-ê kok-ka ê te̍k-iú thoân-thóng, bûn-hoà, gí-giân ia̍h-sī chèng-tī chò-ûi tāi-piáu.
Hì-chhut

**Hì-chhut** (戲齣) sī ián-oân kā bó͘ chi̍t ê kò͘-sū ia̍h kio̍k-chêng, iōng ìn-tap, chhiùⁿ-koa kap tōng-chok ê hong-sek só͘ piáu-ián chhut-lâi ê gē-su̍t. Hì-chhut ū 4 ê toā goân-sò͘, pau-hâm ián-oân, kio̍k-chêng, bú-tâi kap koan-chiòng. Kî-tiong, ián-oân sī siōng-kài tiōng-iàu ê goân-sò͘, i sī kak-sek ê tāi-giân-jîn, ài khū-pī pān-ián ê lêng-le̍k, che mā sī hì-chhut hām kî-thaⁿ gē-su̍t siōng-toā ê bô-kāng. Thàu-kòe ián-oân ê pān-ián, kio̍k-pún lāi ê kak-sek chiah ū thang hó sin-tiong.

Lūi-pia̍t:Piáu-ián gē-su̍t
Tùi-ōe

**Tùi-ōe** (對話 -ōa), he̍k-chiá **ìn-tap** (應答), **būn-tap**, sī lâng hām lâng só͘ chìn-hêng ê kau-tâm, sī chi̍t kóa tiûⁿ-ha̍p ē-té tùi lâng hōe-ōa ê kóng-hoat. Pí-lūn, bûn-ha̍k lāi-bīn tùi lâng kóng-ōe ê kì-su̍t.

## Siong-koan
* Hōe-ōe
2008 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē

**2008 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē** (the Games of the XXIX Olympiad) sī tē 29 hoê ê Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē, tiàm Tiong-kok Pak-kiaⁿ kú-pān.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Windows 98

**Windows 98** (Windows kiú-pat) sī Microsoft kong-si tī 1998 nî 6 goe̍h 25 hō hoat-piáu ê Windows chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. Windows 98 ê pán-pún pian-bé sī 4.1, khai-hoat tāi-bé sī **Memphis**. Windows 98 sī Windows 9x hē-lia̍t ê tē-jī ê chú-iàu pán-pún.
## Chham-khó
Windows ME

**Windows Millennium Edition**, he̍k-chiá **Windows ME**, sī Microsoft kong-si tī 2000 nî 6 goe̍h hoat-piáu, 9 goe̍h hoat-hêng ê chi̍t thò Windows chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. Che sī Windows 9x hē-lia̍t ê chòe-āu chi̍t thò chok-gia̍p hē-thóng.
Windows 7

**Windows 7** (tāi-bé **Vienna**, chiân-kî **Blackcomb**) sī Microsoft tī 2009 nî thui-chhut ê kò-jîn tiān-náu ê chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. I sī Windows NT chok-gia̍p hē-thóng ka-cho̍k ê sêng-oân. Windows 7 tī 2009 nî 7 goe̍h 22 hō hoat-piáu pēng khai-sí thâu-ji̍p seng-sán, kāng-nî 10 goe̍h 22 hō hoat-hêng.
## Chham-khó
Tiuⁿ Chhong-bêng

**Tiuⁿ Chhong-bêng** (張聰明; 1860 nî – 1925 nî 9 goe̍h 15) sī Tâi-oân ê lâng, Ngó͘-kó͘-kheⁿ chhut-sin. I chá-liân sī Tân Thah-só (Má-kai chhōa sìn Ia-so͘ ê thâu chi̍t ūi lú-sèng) ê sin-pū-á (chhī beh chò sin-pū ê ióng-lú), ùi 1878 nî 5 goe̍h 27 kap Tiúⁿ-ló-hōe bo̍k-su Má-kai kiat-hun.

## Liân-kiat
* 
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Ki-tok-tô͘
Ki-tok-kàu Tâi-oân Sìn-gī-hōe

**Ki-tok-kàu Tâi-oân Sìn-gī-hōe** sī Luther-phài (Hàn-bûn hō-miâ kiò Sìn-gī-hōe) ùi Tâi-oân ê kàu-hōe. In thâu 1 keng hōe-só͘ 1951 nî siat tī Ko-hiông, goân-lâi sī Bí-kok, Lo̍k-ui-kok, Hun-lân-kok kap Teng-boa̍t-kok ê kàu-hōe ha̍p-chok--ê.
Windows Vista

**Windows Vista** (tāi-bé **Longhorn**) sī Microsoft ê chi̍t thò kò-jîn tiān-náu ê chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. 2006 nî 11 goe̍h 8 hō, Windows Vista chèng-sek hoat-piáu. 2007 nî 1 goe̍h 30 hō, khai-sí bē hō͘ it-poaⁿ tāi-chiòng, lēng-goā mā thang ùi Microsoft ê bāng-chām hā-chái. Windows Vista sī tī Windows XP hoat-piáu 5 tang āu, chiah koh hoat-piáu ê Windows chok-gia̍p hē-thóng ê sin pán-pún, che sī Windows le̍k-sú siōng, siōng kú ê hoat-piáu keng-keh.
## Chham-khó


V
Windows 2000

**Windows 2000** (Windows nn̄g-chheng) sī chi̍t thò siat-kè hō͘ kheh-hō͘ kap ho̍k-bū tiān-náu sú-iōng ê chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. Windows 2000 sī Microsoft kong-si tī 1999 nî 12 goe̍h 15 hō hoat-piáu, 2000 nî 2 goe̍h 17 hō hoat-hêng ê chi̍t thò chok-gia̍p hē-thóng. I sī Windows NT 4.0 ê kè-sêng-jîn, mā sī chòe-āu chi̍t ê "Windows NT" pán-pún. I kè-sêng-jîn sī Windows XP (2001) kap Windows Server 2003 (2003). I tī khai-hoat kî-kan ê miâ hō-chò **Windows NT 5.0**.
## Chham-khó
2012 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē

**2012 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē** () sī tē 30 hoê ê Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē, tiàm Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Lûn-tun kú-pān.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
2016 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē

**2016 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē** () sī tē 31 hoê ê Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē, tiàm Pa-se Rio de Janeiro kú-pān.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Lîm Gio̍k-san

**Lîm Gio̍k-san** (林玉山; ) sī Tâi-oân ê ōe-ka, choan-bûn tī ka-chhái-ōe kap chúi-ba̍k-ōe.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Bí-su̍t Tián-lám-hōe ji̍p-soán-chiá
Iûⁿ Ki-soān

**Iûⁿ Ki-soān** (楊基銓; 1918 nî 2 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 2004 nî 6 goe̍h 16 ji̍t), pat hō Ji̍t-pún miâ **Koyanagi Motoaki** (小柳基銓) sī Tâi-oân ê koaⁿ-liâu kiam gîn-hâng-ka. I Tâi-tiong Chheng-chúi chhut-sin, tùi Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chut-gia̍p liáu-āu, pat chò chóng-tok-hú kong-bū-oân, 1941 nî koh chhut-jīm Gî-lân-kūn ê kūn-siú. 1942 nî tńg chóng-tok-hú jīm chit.

Chiàn-āu, i ū chò Tâi-oân-séng Lông-lîm-thiaⁿ ê Chúi-sán-kho koaⁿ-goân, 1969 nî ji̍p Tâi-pak-chhī chèng-hú chò kiàn-siat-kio̍k-tiúⁿ. 1972 nî kòe Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok chèng-hú ê Keng-chè-pō͘ chò hî-gia̍p hong-bīn ê hù-tiúⁿ. 1979 nî choán jīm Tâi-oân Thó͘-tē Gîn-hâng táng-sū-tiúⁿ.

## Chham-khó

## Liân-kiat
* 楊基銓先生傳
GiGiGaGa.com

**GiGiGaGa.com** sī 2000 nî ê sî Hô-sìn Chhiau-mûi-thé kong-sí só͘ khui ê bāng-chām, pau-koat ji̍p-kháu bāng-chām, lōe-iông kap siā-kûn téng ho̍k-bū.

## Chham-khó
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê bāng-chām
Choán-siá

**Choán-siá** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Choán-siá (gí-giân-ha̍k), chiong kóng-ōe choán chò su-siá hêng-sek.
* Choán-jī, chiong chi̍t khoán sū-siá hē-thóng choán chò lēng goā chi̍t khoán.
* Choán-siá (seng-bu̍t-ha̍k), DNA bi̍t-bé choán chò RNA ê kòe-têng.
Piáu-hiān-hêng

**Piáu-hiān-hêng** (Eng-gí: *phenotype*) sī chi̍t-ê seng-bu̍t-thé sin-ku téng ē-tàng hong koan-chhat--tio̍h ê sèng-chit, i sī siū ûi-thoân-hêng (*genotype*) kap khoân-kéng ê kau-hō͘ chok-iōng koat-tēng--ê.

Tong chi̍t-ê ûi-thoân-chú ê chok-iōng hō͘ hián-sèng ê tùi-ngó͘-chú (*allele*) piáu-hiān khàm tiâu--ê; hit-ê ûi-thoân-hêng chio̍h bô tùi piáu-hiān-hêng ū éng-hióng.

Siū-tēng khoân-kéng in-sō͘ ê chok-iōng, sio-kâng ûi-thoân-hêng ê nn̄g sian seng-bu̍t-thé, in ū khó-lêng ū bô-kâng ê piáu-hiān-hêng.

## Chham-khó
*
Tāi-su

**Tāi-su** (代書) sī chi̍t khoán choan-bûn siū lâng úi-thok pān hêng-chèng ia̍h hoat-lu̍t chhiú-sio̍k, koh ū chhù-lí siong-koan ê bûn-su sū-bū ê khang-khòe kap sū-gia̍p.

Tī Tâi-oân, kin-á-ji̍t só͘ kóng ê tāi-sú chú-iàu sī chí choan-bûn teh chhù-lí put-tōng-sán sū-bū ê choan-gia̍p-chiá, ia̍h chio̍h sī tong-tē hoat-lu̍t siōng ê tē-chèng-sū (地政士). Lēng-gōa chhan-chhiūⁿ chhù-lí kong-si teng-kì téng khoán chhiú-sio̍k ê lâng mā ū khó-lêng hong kiò chò tāi-su.
Choán-siá (giân-gí-ha̍k)

**Choán-siá** (Eng-gí: *transcription*) tī gí-giân-ha̍k siōng sī kóng kā chi̍t khoán giân-gí ēng hē-thóng-sèng ê hong-sek kì-lio̍k chò siá-jī ê hêng-sek.

## Siong-koan
* Choán-jī (*transliteration*), bô khó-lū ho͘-im ê bûn-jī tit-chiap tùi ōaⁿ.
* Im-e̍k, chhiam-khó he̍k-chiá sī giâm-keh kun-kù ho͘-im ê tan-gí hoan-e̍k, choán-siá sī kî-tiong chi̍t khoán hong-hoat.
Kha-io

**Kha-io** sī kha-té la̍p-o ê kò͘-chō, cho͘-sêng ê kut-thâu ū hū-kut (*tarsus*) kap chek-kut (*metatarsus*), oá-khò jīm-tāi (*ligament*) chhām kiān (*tendon*) lâi chhi-chhî khiā-li̍p ê chu-sè.

## Chham-khó
Hū-kut

**Hū-kut** (跗骨; Eng-gí: *tarsus*) sī sù-chi tōng-bu̍t kha-pôaⁿ ê kut-thâu, bí 1 kha (āu-chi) ū sio khan ê 7 tè hū-kut.
Friedrich 1-sè

**Friedrich 1-sè** (1122 nî – 1190 nî 6 goe̍h 10 ji̍t), mā kiò **Barbarossa**, sī Sèng Lô-má Tè-kok tùi 1155 nî kàu i kòe-óng í-chêng ê hông-tè.
Pak Ku-pí-lō͘

**Pak Ku-pí-lō͘ Thó͘-ní-kî Kiōng-hô-kok** () sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t ê kok-ka, tī Ku-pí-lō͘-tó ê pak-pō͘. I goân-lâi sī Ku-pí-lō͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, 1983 nî Thó͘-ní-kî chi-chhî i to̍k-li̍p.
Abkhazia

**Abkhazia Kiōng-hô-kok** (Abkhaz-gí: ) sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t ê kok-ka. I goân-lâi sī Gruzia ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, Lō͘-se-a chi-chhî i to̍k-li̍p.
Choán-jī

**Choán-jī** (eng. *transliteration*), ia̍h sī kóng **hoan-jī** (ji̍t. 翻字), sī kā chi̍t khoán bûn-jī choán chò lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán. Pí-lūn kóng kā Hi-lia̍p-jī "Ελευθερία" (ì-sù: "chū-iû") choán chò Lô-má-jī "Eleutheria".

## Kap choán-siá ê chha-pia̍t
Choán-jī sī keng-kòe tan-sûn bûn-jī ê tùi-èng lâi chhù-lí, che tāi-piáu kóng nā kâng chi̍t ê jī-bó ū nn̄g khoán ho͘-im, tī choán-jī ê kòe-têng sī oa-ná chiàu goân bûn-jī kâng-khoán bô hun siá-hoat. 

Nā beh kā si̍t-chè ho͘-im chiàu it-tēng ê hē-thóng choán chò chi̍t khoán bûn-jī, kiò chò choán-siá. Pí-lūn Hi-lia̍p-gí bûn-jī só͘ siá ê "Ελευθερία" nā choán-siá chò Lô-má-jī, ē-sài siá chò "Eleftheria", án-ne chiū chhù-lí liáu Hi-lia̍p-jī cho͘-ha̍p "ευ" tī pún tan-jī sī tha̍k chò [ef] ê chêng-hêng.
Im-e̍k

**Im-e̍k** sī hoan-e̍k ê chi̍t lūi hong-sek, ki-pún ê hong-hoat sī chiàu gōa-gí ho͘-im kun-kù it-tēng kui-lu̍t choán-siá (*transcript*) chò chāi-tē ê giân-gú.

Chóng-sī ū-sî nn̄g khoán giân-gí ê siá-jī hē-thóng chi kan bô hoat-tián giâm-keh ê choán-siá kui-chek; in to̍h ài óa-khò hoan-e̍k-chiá ê jīn-sek ia̍h sī chi̍t kóa thoân-thóng si̍p-koàn kiam te̍k-sû kui-hoān lâi kā gōa-gí ho͘-im choán chò chāi-tē gí-giân ê bûn-jī.

## Siong-koan
* Ho͘-im choán-siá, sú-iōng giâm-keh kì-hō (bô it-tēng sī bó͘ khoán gí-giân bûn-jī) ê ho͘-im kì-lio̍k.
* Im-gī hoan-e̍k
* Gōa-lâi-gí
* Im-e̍k-gí

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoan-e̍k
Im-e̍k-gí

**Im-e̍k-gí** sī kā bó͘-mih giân-gí ê ho͘-im chiàu kò͘-tēng ê Hàn-jī (he̍k-chiá thang tùi-tâng Hàn-jī ê im-chat) lâi im-e̍k piáu-hiān. Pí-lūn "Ka-ná-tah" (加那陀), "Ka-ná-tāi" (加拿大), "Au-lô-pa" (歐羅巴), "Lô-má" (羅馬), "Ki-tok" (基督), "Pho-su" (波斯), "O-mí-tô-hu̍t" (阿彌陀佛) téng-téng, lóng sǹg sī im-e̍k-gí tan-jī.

Tang-iûⁿ sú-iōng Hàn-jī-sû ê kok khoán giân-gí teh ēng ê im-e̍k-gí, tiāⁿ m̄-sī in pún-sin chāi-lâi--ê, pí-lūn ū chin chē im-e̍k-gí sī pa̍t khoán giân-gí seng im-e̍k liáu-āu, chiah thoân ji̍p Hō-ló-ōe--ê. Iā ū-ê sī tùi kó͘-chá ê giân-gí keng-kòe bûn-su thoân--lo̍h-lâi-ê.

## Hu̍t-kàu

Tī Kó͘ Tiong-kok ê Hu̍t-keng hoan-e̍k tang-tiong ū bē-chió tùi Tiong A-chiu ia̍h sī Ìn-tō͘ (pí-lūn Hoân-gí, Pali-gí) ê giân-gí hoan-e̍k--lâi ê im-e̍k-gí.

## Chham-chiàu

## Koan-liân bûn-hiàn
* 

## Koan-liân bûn-chiong
* Ì-e̍k-gí
Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê tiong-sim kui-tiâu

**Hun-chú seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê tiong-sim kui-tiâu** (Eng-gí: *central dogma of molecular biology*) sī chi̍t khoán tùi ûi-thoân chu-sìn liû-thong kòe-têng ê ké-soeh. It poaⁿ lí-kái ê tiong-sim kui-tiâu, sī kóng "DNA chè-chō RNA, RNA koh chè-chō tān-pe̍h-chit." Che lāi-bīn pau-koat DNA pún-sin chu-sìn ê DNA ho̍k-chè, DNA chu-sìn choán kòe RNA ê choán-siá kòe-têng, kap RNA chu-sìn choán chò tān-pe̍h-chit ê hoan-e̍k chok-iōng.

## Le̍k-sú
Pún koan-liām siāng chá sī Francis Crick ùi 1956 thê khí--ê. I 1970 nî hoat-piáu tī *[[Nature]]* cha̍p-chì ê kóng-hoat sī:

Crick sú-iōng Eng-gí "dogma" chit jī, ū chong-kàu kàu-gī ê ì-sù, tī tong-sî ín-khí liáu chi̍t kóa gī-lūn.

## Chham-khó
Nagorno-Karabakh

**Nagorno-Karabakh** (Armenia-gí: , Azerbaijan-gí: ) sī chi̍t ê tī Lâm Caucasus ê tē-khu, tī Armenia kap Azerbaijan chi kan. Kin-á-ji̍t sī chi̍t ê si̍t-chè to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka, kiò chò Nagorno-Karabakh Kiōng-hô-kok.
Malta Khî-sū-thoân

**Malta Khî-sū-thoân**, chèng-sek miâ-jī kiò chò **Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng, Rhodes kap Malta ê Sèng Gioan Chú-khoân Kun-sū I-īⁿ Khî-sū-thoân** (), sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t ê chú-khoân si̍t-thé, m̄-kò m̄ sī chi̍t ê kok-ka. I kó͘-chá sī tī 1099 nî sêng-li̍p ê I-īⁿ Khî-sū-thoân, kin-á-ji̍t pān-kong tē-chí tī Lô-má ê Malta Kiong.
Somaliland

**Somaliland Kiōng-hô-kok** (Somali-gí: ) sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t ê kok-ka. I goân-lâi sī Somalia ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, 1991 nî tùi Somalia to̍k-li̍p.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* Hoehne, Markus V. 2009: Mimesis and mimicry in dynamics of state and identity formation in northern Somalia, *Africa* 79/2, pp.&nbsp;252–281.
* Hoehne, Markus V. 2007: Puntland and Somaliland clashing in northern Somalia: Who cuts the Gordian knot?, published online on 7 November 2007.
* "As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub?". *International Business Times*. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
* 
* Bradbury, Mark, *Becoming Somaliland* (James Currey, 2008)
* Michael Schoiswohl: *Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized* De Facto *Regimes in International Law: The Case of 'Somaliland*' (Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 2004), 
* 

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 
* 
* Government of Somaliland (official website)
* Somaliland – BBC Country Profile
* Update on the Situation in the Somaliland (archived version)
Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok

**Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok** (A-la-pek-gí: ) sī Hui-chiu ê chi̍t ê kok-ka, tī Sai Sahara.
So͘-liân pang-hoāi

**So͘-liân pang-hoāi** (蘇聯崩壞) sī 1990 nî kàu 1991 nî chi kan So͘-liân ê ka-bêng kok-ka to̍k-li̍p ê le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ. 1991 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, So͘-liân chóng-thóng Mikhail Gorbachyov sî-chit, So͘-liân bia̍t-bông.
La-gú-bih

**La-gú-bih** (Eng-gí: *rugby*) sī chi̍t lūi kiû-lūi ūn-tōng, chòe chú-iàu hūn nn̄g tōa khoán: la-gú-bih iu-ní-óng (*rugby union*) kap la-gú-bih lih-guh (rugby league).

Goân Eng-gí miâ *rugby* sī lâi-chū Eng-lân Warwickshire ê Rugby siâⁿ. Chit lūi ūn-tōng sī 19 sè-kí tong-tē chi̍t só͘ Rugby Ha̍k-hāu hoat-tián--ê.

## Liân-kiat
* 建中橄欖球隊歌

Lūi-pia̍t:Su-pò͘-chuh
Transnistria

**Transnistria**, chèng-sek miâ-jī kiò chò **Pridnestrovia Moldova Kiōng-hô-kok**, sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t ê kok-ka. I goân-lâi sī Moldova ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, 1983 nî So͘-liân pang-hoāi í-āu to̍k-li̍p.
Artsakh

**Artsakh Kiōng-hô-kok** (Armenia-gí: ) sī Lâm Caucasus ê chi̍t ê kok-ka, tī Nagorno-Karabakh. I goân-lâi sī Azerbaijan ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, 1991 nî Armenia chi-chhî i to̍k-li̍p, 2023 nî bia̍t-kok.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bô-tī-leh ê kok-ka
DOS Shell

**DOS Shell** sī MS-DOS kap IBM PC DOS v4.0 (1988 nî 6 goe̍h) téng-bīn siat ê tóng-àn koán-lí-khì (*file manager*).
Khu-lá-chih

**Khu-lá-chih** (; ) sī chi̍t khoán ki-hâi pō͘-kiāⁿ, hū-chek khòng-chè tōng-le̍k ê choán-sàng.

## Chham-chiàu
Khòng-bè-iá

**Khòng-bè-iá** (Eng-gí: *conveyor*) sī chiong mi̍h-kiāⁿ tùi chi̍t ūi sàng kòe pa̍t-ūi ê chi̍t khoán hē-thóng. I ū chē chióng khoán-sek, pau-koat ēng tòa-á chài mi̍h ê be-lú-toh khòng-bè-iá (*belt conveyor*), kap óa-khò kui lia̍h tâng-á tńg-se̍h leh sàng mi̍h ê ló͘-lah khòng-bè-iá (*roller conveyor*)
Tiong-hoâ Soviet Kiōng-hô-kok

**Tiong-hoâ Soviet Kiōng-hô-kok** (Hàn-gí: 中華蘇維埃共和國) sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng tī 1931 nî 11 goe̍h 7 ji̍t tī Kang-sai Sūi-kim kiàn-li̍p ê siā-hoē-chú-gī kok-ka. 1934 nî, Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng in-ūi Bān-lí Tn̂g-cheng cháu khì Siám-sai, 1936 nî siú-to͘ poaⁿ khì Iân-an. 1937 nî bia̍t-bông, kái-miâ kiò chò "Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Siám-Kam-Lêng Pian-khu chèng-hú".

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú
Bān-lí Tn̂g-cheng

**Bān-lí Tn̂g-cheng** (萬里長征) sī 1934 nî 10 goe̍h kàu 1936 nî 10 goe̍h chi-kan Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng ê Tiong-hoâ Soviet Kiōng-hô-kok tī Kang-sai, Kńg-tang kap Hok-kiàn 3 ê séng kau-kè ê tē-hng cháu khì Siám-sai ê le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ. Tī Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng ê tóng-sú lāi-bīn, kiò chò "**liû-chhoàn**" (流竄) ia̍h-sī "**sai-chhoàn**" (西竄).

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lîm Hiông-siông

**Lîm Hiông-siông** (林熊祥; 1896 nî 8 goe̍h 18 – 1973 nî 3 goe̍h 28) sī Hok-kiàn chhut-sì ê Tâi-oân seng-lí-lâng, Lîm-pún-goân ka-cho̍k ê pún-ke kiáⁿ-sun. Tû-liáu sū-giap ê keng-gêng, i mā bat chò kòe Tâi-oân-séng Bûn-hiàn Úi-oân-hōe ê chú-jīm úi-oân.

## Siong-koan
* Lîm Hiông-teng
* Lîm Hiông-kong

Lūi-pia̍t:Lîm-pún-goân
Lîm Choân

**Lîm Choân** (林全; ) sī Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, i tī 2016 nî kàu 2017 nî sī Hêng-chèng-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ.
Oa̍t-lâm ê jîn-kháu thóng-kè

2013 nî, Oa̍t-lâm ê chóng jîn-kháu tāi-iok sī 9,000 bān, cha-po͘ chiàm 50.2%, cha-bó͘ chiàm 49.8%. Oa̍t-lâm kok-lāi ū 54 ê bîn-cho̍k. Oa̍t-lâm ê chú-thé bîn-cho̍k sī Oa̍t-lâm-lâng, in chiàm chóng jîn-kháu ê 87%, kî-thaⁿ ê chió-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k chiàm 13%.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-kok ê jîn-kháu thóng-kè
Ji̍t-pún ê jîn-kháu thóng-kè

Kàu 2016 nî 2 goe̍h ûi-chí, Ji̍t-pún ê chóng jîn-kháu sī 1 ek 2,681 bān lâng; sī sè-kài jîn-kháu tē-cha̍p toā kok-ka. 20 sè-kí liáu-āu, in-ūi Ji̍t-pún siā-hōe khai-sí kang-gia̍p-hoà, jîn-kháu seng-io̍k-lu̍t kàng-kē, i-liâu tiâu-kiāⁿ mā thê-ko, koh ka-siōng Ji̍t-pún it-hiòng tùi goā-lâi î-bîn ê koán-chè lóng chin giâm-keh, tì-sú Ji̍t-pún chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài-siōng jîn-kháu lāu-hoà thêng-tō͘ siōng-koân ê kok-ka. Ji̍t-pún tông-sî mā sī pêng-kin siū-miā siōng-tn̂g ê kok-ka. Bo̍k-chiân, Ji̍t-pún ê jîn-kháu sò͘-kì í-keng thêng-hiān hā-kàng ê chhu-sè.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-kok ê jîn-kháu thóng-kè
Ko-lêng-hoà siā-hōe

**Ko-lêng-hoà siā-hōe** (高齡化社會), mā hō-chò **jîn-kháu lāu-hoà** (人口老化), sī chi̍t ê só͘-chāi tī chi̍t toāⁿ sî-kan lāi, chóng jîn-kháu tiong lāu-hòe jîn-kháu pí-lē cheng-tióng ê tōng-thài kòe-têng. Chit-khoán hiān-siōng tī sian-chìn-kok khah chia̍p-khoàⁿ, te̍k-pia̍t sī Se Au, Ji̍t-pún kap Tâi-oân. Ko-lêng-hoà siā-hōe tī bī-lâi thong-sè-kài ê jîn-kháu chhu-sè.
Sian-chìn-kok

**Sian-chìn-kok** (先進國; ) sī keng-chè kap siā-hōe hoat-tián chúi-chún khah koân, jîn-bîn seng-oa̍h chúi-chún khah koân ê kok-ka. Sian-chìn-kok it-poaⁿ lóng sī ko-tō͘ kang-gia̍p-hoà ê kok-ka.
Chū-jiân chu-goân

**Chū-jiân chu-goân** (自然資源), mā hō-chò **thian-jiân chu-goân** (天然資源), sī tī thian-jiân ê chōng-thài hā, tō ū kè-ta̍t ê bu̍t-sán. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, nā-chún chhú-tit chit-khoán bu̍t-sán ê chú-iàu kang-sū sī siu-chi̍p kap sûn-hoà, pēng m̄-sī seng-sán, lán tō kóng che sī chū-jiân chu-goân.
Guinea

**Guinea Kiōng-hô-kok** (Hoat-gí: ) tiàm-tī Hui-chiu sai-pak hái-hōaⁿ.

## Galerie

File:Guinea_sat.png|atlas Guinea
File:Dame_de_Mali_Guinée.jpg|Dame de Mali
File:Chute_de_Tabouna_à_Kindia_01.jpg|Chute de Tabouna à Kindia
File:Chute_de_Saala_vue_à_360°_Labé.jpg|Chute de Saala Labé
File:Chimpanzé_de_Bossou_33.jpg|Chimpanzé de Bossou
File:Plage_de_Roume.jpg|Plage sur les Ile de Loos
Chè-chō-gia̍p

**Chè-chō-gia̍p** (製造業) sī kang-gia̍p ê chi̍t chióng. Chè-chō-gia̍p lī-iōng kho-ha̍k ê ki-su̍t teh seng-sán sán-phín lâi thê-kiong chhī-tiûⁿ ê siau-siû, chia-ê hong-hoat khó-lêng ē sú-iōng tio̍h ke-khì, ke-si, hoà-ha̍k têng-sī ia̍h seng-bu̍t-ha̍k phòe-hng téng-téng. Bô-kāng ê chè-chō-gia̍p ū bô-kāng ê jîn-le̍k tâu-ji̍p, i-ê hoān-ûi chin khoah, ùi chhiú-kang-gē chì ko-kho-ki, put-kò toā-poàⁿ sī teh kóng kā toā-liōng goân-bu̍t-liāu chè-chō sêng sán-phín ê kang-gia̍p-hoà seng-sán sán-gia̍p.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sán-gia̍p
Chhiú-gē

**Chhiú-gē** (手藝) sī sûn chhiú-kang chè-chō ê kang-gē, tong-jiân ū-khó-lêng ē ēng tio̍h kán-tan ê ke-si. Chhiú-gē thong-siông hām gē-su̍t siong-koan, i-ê chhòng-chō su-iàu phiat-pō͘, se̍k-liān kap it-tēng thêng-tō͘ ê bí-kám.
Hiratuka Hiroyosi

**Hiratuka Hiroyosi** (kū. 平塚廣義; sin. 平塚広義; 1875 nî 9 goe̍h 2 ji̍t – 1948 nî 1 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Ji̍t-pún ê koaⁿ-liâu, pat chò kòe Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Chóng-bū Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ, hú-koān ê ti-sū, kap Kùi-cho̍k-īⁿ gī-oân.
Sidehara Taira

**Sidehara Taira** (幣原坦; 1870 nî 10 goe̍h 12 – 1953 nî 6 goe̍h 29) sī Ji̍t-pún ê le̍k-sú ha̍k-chiá kiam kàu-io̍k koaⁿ-liâu. I 1928 nî kàu 1937 nî kî-kan sī Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k chóng-tiúⁿ (hāu-tiúⁿ).
Imura Daikiti

**Imura Daikiti** (井村大吉; 1873 nî 12 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1927 nî 7 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Ji̍t-pún ê koaⁿ-liâu, Sam-tiông-koān Raziyamada-chhī (宇治山田市) chhut-sì. I 1899 nî 7 goe̍h tùi Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k Eng-hoat-kho (英法科) chut-gia̍p liáu-āu, ji̍p Lông-siong-bū-séng San-lîm-kio̍k (山林局). 1906 nî kòe Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú jīm-chit, bô lōa-kú choán chò Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ-tiúⁿ; 1915 nî koh chò chóng-tok-hú ê Thong-sìn-kio̍k-tiúⁿ.

## Chham-khó kap chù-kha
*
Goân-bu̍t-liāu

**Goân-bu̍t-liāu** (原物料; Eng-gú: *commodity*) tī keng-chè-ha̍k tiong, sī toā-liōng seng-sán, chèng-si̍t ia̍h thê-liān chhut-lâi ê goân-châi-liāu; ū lêng-goân, kim-sio̍k, bí-chhek kap chhiam-ûi 4 toā lūi-pia̍t.
Seng-chō

**Seng-chō** (星座), tī thian-bûn-ha̍k lāi-bīn, sī chí thiⁿ-téng sio-oá ê chi̍t-tui chheⁿ ê thóng-cheng.

Kin-á-ji̍t thian-bûn-ha̍k chiong thiⁿ-téng ê chheⁿ pun chò 88 seng-chō.

## Seng-chō lia̍t-toaⁿ
*Andromeda-chō (Sian-lú-chō)
*It-kak-siù-chō (Kî-lîn-chō)
*Siā-chhiú-chō (Jîn-má-chō)
*Hái-thûn-chō
*Indus-chō
*Siang-hî-chō (Hî-á-chō)
*Thian-thò͘-chō (Thò͘-á-chō)
*Bo̍k-hu-chō
*Hái-choâ-chō (Tn̂g-choâ-chō)
*Eridanus-chō (Pho-kang-chō)
*Kim-gû-chō (Bó͘-gû-chō)
*Toā-káu-chō (Toā-khián-chō)
*Chhâi-lông-chō (Lông-chō)
*Toā-hîm-chō
*It-lú-chō (Sek-lú-chō)
*Bó͘-iûⁿ-chō
*Orion-chō (La̍h-hō͘-chō)
*Oē-kà-chō (Hoē-kà-chō)
*Cassiopeia-chō (Sian-hiō-chō)
*Kî-hî-chō (Kiàm-hî-chō)
*Hōe-á-chō
*Thâu-mn̂g-chō (Hiō-hoat-chō)
*Kim-chîⁿ-ku-chō (Chamaeleon-chō)
*O͘-ah-chō (Corvus-chō)
*Hông-koan-chō (Koan-chō, Pak-bián-chō)
*Toā-chhùi-chiáu-chō (Tucana-chō, Tō͘-koan-chō)
*Gū-chiá-chō (Gū-hu-chō)
*Tn̂g-ām-lo̍k-chō (Kî-lîn-chō, Lo̍k-pà-chō)
*Khóng-chhiok-chō
*Keng-hî-chō (Keng-chō)
*Cepheus-chō (Sian-ông-chō)
*Centaurus-chō (Poàn-jîn-má-chō)
*Hián-bî-kiàⁿ-chō
*Káu-á-chō (Sió-khián-chō)
*Bé-á-chō (Sió-bé-chō)
*Hô͘-lî-chō
*Hîm-á-chō (Sió-hîm-chō)
*Sió-sai-chō
*Crater-chō (Poe-á-chō, Kū-chiok-chō)
*Thian-khîm-chō (Khîm-chō)
*Îⁿ-kui-chō
*Thian-toâⁿ-chō (Chè-toâⁿ-chō)
*Giat-á-chō (Thian-giat-chō)
*Saⁿ-kak-chō
*Sai-á-chō (Sai-chō)
*Chhioh-á-chō (Kú-chhioh-chō)
*Tún-pâi-chō (Tún-chō)
*Chha̍k-á-chō (Tiau-kū-chō)
*Gio̍k-hu-chō (Tiau-khek-sek-chō)
*Thian-ho̍h-chō (Ho̍h-chō)
*Mensa-chō (San-àn-chō)
*Thian-pêng-chō
*Tō͘-tēng-chō (Giat-hó͘-chō)
*Sî-cheng-chō (Sî-kè-chō)
*Poe-hî-chō
*Chûn-boé-chō
*Hô͘-sîn-chō
*Thian-ngô͘-chō (Pe̍h-chiáu-chō)
*Pat-hun-gî-chō (Lâm-ke̍k-chō)
*Hún-chiáu-chō (Khiu-chō, Thian-kap-chō)
*Hong-chiáu-chō (Ke̍k-lo̍k-chiáu-chō, Thian-ìⁿ-chō, Ìⁿ-á-chō)
*Siang-seⁿ-chō
*Pegasus-chō (Poe-má-chō)
*Serpens-chō (Choâ-chō, Kū-choâ-chō)
*Ophiuchus-chō (Choâ-hu-chō)
*Hercules-chō (Bú-sian-chō)
*Perseus-chō (Eng-sian-chō)
*Chûn-phâng-chō (Phâng-chō)
*Tiàu-kiàⁿ-chō (Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ-chō)
*Hōng-hông-chō
*Pâi-khì-tâng-chō (Antlia-chō)
*Chúi-pân-chō
*Chúi-choâ-chō
*Lâm-si̍p-jī-chō (Crux-chō)
*Lâm-hî-chō
*Lâm-koan-chō (Lâm-bián-chō)
*Lâm-saⁿ-kak-chō
*Thian-chìⁿ-chō (Chìⁿ-chō, Sí-chō)
*Soaⁿ-iûⁿ-chō
*Soaⁿ-niau-chō
*Lô-keⁿ-chō (Lô-poâⁿ-chō)
*Thian-lêng-chō (Lêng-chō)
*Liông-kut-chō (Chûn-toé-chō)
*La̍h-káu-chō
*Reticulum-chō (Bāng-kó͘-chō)
*Thian-lô͘-chō
*Lio̍k-hun-gî-chō
*Thian-eng-chō (Eng-á-chō)
Khòng-gia̍p

**Khòng-gia̍p** (礦業; Eng-gú: *mining*) sī ùi tē-hā khai-chhái ū keng-chè kè-ta̍t ê khòng-bu̍t ia̍h kî-thaⁿ bu̍t-chit ê sán-gia̍p. Khòng-gia̍p só͘ khai-chhái ê só͘-chāi lóng sī khòng-bu̍t pí-kàu chi̍p-tiong ê khòng-chhn̂g; toā-to-sò͘ bô-hoat-tō͘ ēng lông-gia̍p seng-sán ê chū-jiân bu̍t-chit lóng sī iû khòng-gia̍p lâi thê-kiong. Kóng-gī lâi kóng, chio̍h-iû, thian-jiân-khì kap tē-hā-chúi ê khai-chhái iā lóng sī khòng-gia̍p ê hoān-tiû.
Tông-sam-chhái

**Tông-sam-chhái** (唐三彩) sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê gē-su̍t cheng-hoâ, ióng-iú 1,000 goā tang ê le̍k-sú. Tông-sam-chhái chiū sī Tông-tiâu khaⁿ-á piáu-bīn ê thn̄g-io̍h, lo̍h-bóe ti̍t-chiap the̍h-lâi tāi-piáu Tông-tiâu ê chhái-sek khaⁿ-á. Tông-sam-chhái ê sek-chhái ū chē-chē khoán, chú-iàu sī n̂g-sek, le̍k-sek kap pe̍h-sek, só͘-í chiah hō-chò **Sam-chhái**.
Jang Keun-suk

**Jang Keun-suk** (, ) sī Lâm-hân ê chi̍t ê koa-chhiú kap ián-goân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok cha-po͘ ián-goân
Moon Chae-won

**Moon Chae-won**(Hân-gí: , *Bûn Chhái-goân*, ), sī Lâm-hân ê chi̍t ê cha-bó͘ ián-gôan.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok cha-bó͘ ián-goân‎
Chhòa Chí-siân

**Chhòa Chí-siân** (蔡旨禪; 1900 nî 4 goe̍h 28 – 1958 nî 4 goe̍h 21) sī Tâi-oân ê si-jîn. I sī Phêⁿ-ô͘ chhut-sin ê Hàn-bûn sian-seⁿ.
Kubo Tokuzi

**Kubo Tokuzi** (久保得二; 1875 nî 7 goe̍h 23 ji̍t – 1934 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Ji̍t-pún ê koaⁿ-liâu, le̍k-sú-ka, bûn-ha̍k-ka, pat tī Tâi-oân cho͘-chit Lâm-ngá Si-siā (南雅詩社).
Thn̄g

**Thn̄g** (碭; Eng-gú: *enamel*) sī kā po-lê hām hûi-chit iù-lia̍p-á iûⁿ-kiat tī ki-chit piáu-bīn só͘ hêng-sêng ê goā-khak. Ki-chit thang sī kim-sio̍k, hûi ia̍h po-lê. Thn̄g it-poaⁿ lóng sī kū-iú gē-su̍t bí-kám ê chhái-sek hoe-iūⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, the̍h-lâi chò pó-hō͘ ia̍h chong-sek sú-iōng.
Thn̄g-io̍h

**Thn̄g-io̍h** (碭藥; Eng-gú: *glaze*) sī khàm tī hûi kap thn̄g piáu-bīn ê po̍h-po̍h chi̍t chân po-lê-chit, thong-siông sī sia̍k-sng-iâm ê ho̍k-ha̍p-bu̍t.
Gân Hûn-liân

**Gân Hûn-liân** (顏雲年; 1874 nî 1 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1923 nî 2 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê khòng-gia̍p-ka, si̍t-gia̍p-ka kiam si-jîn.

## Siong-koan
* Gân Kok-liân

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Phêng-gī-hōe-oân
Gân Kok-liân

**Gân Kok-liân** (顏國年; 1886 nî 6 goe̍h 12 ji̍t – 1937 nî 4 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê khòng-gia̍p-ka, si̍t-gia̍p-ka, Ke-lâng Gân-sī bêng-bûn chhut-sin, sī Gân Hûn-liân ê sió-tī.

## Chham-khó
*

Lūi-pia̍t:Ke-lâng-lâng
Indus Chō

**I̋n-tí-an-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **Ìn-tē-an-chō** (印第安座), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it, sī 16 sè-kí boán-kî hông hun--chhut-lâi-ê.
Andromeda Chō

**A̋n-tó͘-ló͘-mé-tah-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **Sian-lú-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.

## Chú-iàu thian-thé

* **α cheⁿ**: Andromeda Chō siōng kng ê chheⁿ, sī chi̍t ê A0p hêngliân-chheⁿ, chong-ha̍p sī-seng-téng 2.1, kng-tō͘ , lî tē-kiû 97 kng-nî. Andromeda Chō α cheⁿ tī Se-hong sîn-ōe tiong siōng-teng ê sī sian-lú Andromeda ê thâu. Sī-kóng chit lia̍p chheⁿ ê se-iûⁿ miâ sī Alpheratz ia̍h Sirrah, lóng sī tùi A-lá-pek thoân-thóng miâ  سرة الفرس (surrat al-faras) lâi--ê, ì-sù sī "chùn-má ê tō͘-châi". Phek-siù-jī kap Pegasus Chō ê α, β, γ cheⁿ chò-hóe hêng-sêng só͘-ūi ê "Pegasus Chō Sì-kak-hêng"; Só͘-í chi̍t lia̍p chheⁿ éng-kòe hō͘ lâng jīn-ûi sio̍k-tī Andromeda Chō kap Pegasus Chō, hō-chò "Pegasus Chō δ (δ Peg)", m̄-koh chit-lō miâ-chheng chín í-keng bô lâng leh iōng--ah.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

### Chù-kha

### Chheh

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Eridanus Chō

**E-lí-tá-nú-suh-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **pho-kang-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Hông-koan-chō

**Hông-koan-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **Koan-chō** () ia̍h-sī **Pak-bián-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Tōa-chhùi-chiáu-chō

**Tōa-chhùi-chiáu-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **Tucana Chō** ia̍h-sī **Tō͘-koan-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Cassiopeia Chō

**Kha-sí-ó͘-phé-iah-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **sian-hiō-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Khó͘ Péng

**Khó͘ Péng** (許丙; 1891 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1963 nî 5 goe̍h 18 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân chèng-tī-chiá, si̍t-gia̍p-ka. I pat chò kòe Tâi-pak-chiu Hia̍p-gī-hōe-oân, Chóng-tok-hú Pêng-gī-oân, Kùi-cho̍k-īⁿ gī-oân, koh ū Hôa-lâm Gûn-hâng, Tâi-oân Heng-gia̍p Sìn-thok kàm-chhat-ia̍h téng chit-ūi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Phêng-gī-hōe-oân
Chèng-piàn

**Chèng-piàn** (政變) sī chi̍t ê kok-ka lāi-pō͘ ê chi̍t tīn lâng, thàu-kòe pit-bi̍t chhek-ōe, chhái-chhú kun-sū poān-loān ia̍h chèng-tī hêng-tōng lâi toa̍t-chhú kok-ka chèng-koân ê hêng-ûi.

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* 
* 
* John J. Chin, David B. Carter & Joseph G. Wright. Dataset on all military and non-military coup attempts in the world since 1946.
* Powell, Jonathan & Clayton Thyne. Global Instances of Coups from 1950-Present via Archive.org.
Âng Í-lâm

**Âng Í-lâm** (洪以南; 1871 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t — 1927 nî 5 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê Chheng-kok siù-châi, Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi koaⁿ-liâu kiam si-jîn.

## Chham-khó kap chù-kha
*
Centaurus Chō

**Khe̋n-thá-ú-lú-suh-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **poàn-jîn-má-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Tiāu-hong Kim-iông Khòng-kó͘ Kong-si

**Tiāu-hong Kim-iông Khòng-kó͘ Kong-si** (兆豐金融控股公司), kán-chheng **Tiāu-hong Kim-khòng** ia̍h **Tiāu-hong-kim**, sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng kū-iú kok-êng pōe-kéng ê gîn-hâng khòng-kó͘ kong-si.

## Siong-koan
* Tiāu-hong Kok-chè Siong-gia̍p Gîn-hâng

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kim-iông kong-si
Thian-khîm-chō

**Thian-khîm-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **Khîm-chō** (), in-ūi i ê 5 lia̍p khah kng ê chheⁿ pâi-lia̍t--khí-lâi nā-chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t-ê sū-khîm (Eng-gí: harp). 

Thian-khîm-chō sī Kó͘-tāi Hi-lia̍p thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka Ptolemy ê 48 seng-chō chi it, mā sī Kok-chè Thian-bûn Liân-bêng só͘ jīn-tēng ê hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.

Chit-lí-chheⁿ sī Thian-khîm-chō siōng kng ê chheⁿ. I kap Bā-hio̍h-chō ê Gû-nn̂g-chheⁿ, koh-ū Thian-ngô͘-chō ê Deneb (α Cygni, Thian-chin-sù 天津四) hêng-sêng Hā-thiⁿ Tōa-saⁿ-kak.

## Te̍k-tiám

### Chú-iàu hêng-chheⁿ

* Alpha Lyrae (α Lyr, se-iûⁿ miâ: Vega, Tiong-kok miâ: Chit-lú-it 織女一). Sī-chheⁿ-téng 0.03, sī pak-thiⁿ tē 2 kng ê chheⁿ (tē-it kng--ê sī Tāi-kak), choân-thiⁿ tē 5 kng ê chheⁿ. Kong-phó͘ hêng sī A0 V. Lî Thài-iông-hē 25.3 kong-liân. I sī tû-liáu Ji̍t-thâu í-gōa, tē it lia̍p hō͘ lâng hip-siòng ê chheⁿ.
* Beta Lyrae (β Lyr, se-iûⁿ miâ: Sheliak, Tiong-kok miâ: Chiām-tâi-jī 漸臺二). Sī-chheⁿ-téng 3.45, kong-phó͘ hêng B8 II. I sī chi̍t-chióng sit-piàn-chheⁿ, Chiām-tâi jī hêng.
* Gamma Lyrae (γ Lyr, se-iûⁿ miâ: Sulafat, Tiong-kok miâ: Chiām-tâi-sam 漸臺三). Thian-khîm-chō tē 2 kng ê chheⁿ. Sī-chheⁿ-téng 3.24, kong-phó͘ hêng B9 II.
* Delta Lyrae (δ Lyr)：siang-chheⁿ, pau-koat Delta<sup>1</sup> Lyrae kap Delta<sup>2</sup> Lyrae (Chiām-tâi-it 漸臺一).
* Epsilon Lyrae (ε Lyr, Tiong-kok miâ Chit-lí-jī 織女二). Chhut-miâ ê sì-tiông-chheⁿ, iû nn̄g siang siang-chheⁿ cho͘-sêng.
* Zeta Lyrae (ζ Lyr): siang-chheⁿ, pau-koat Zeta<sup>1</sup> Lyrae (Chit-lí-sam 織女三) kap Zeta<sup>2</sup> Lyrae.
* Thian-khîm-chō RR. Chhut-miâ ê piàn-chheⁿ.

### Chhim-khong thian-thé

* M56: kiû-chōng chheⁿ-thoân.
* M57: pia̍t-miâ **Khoân-chōng chheⁿ-hûn** (環狀星雲, Eng-gí: Ring Nebula), sī he̍k-chheⁿ-chōng chheⁿ-hûn.

## Sîn-ōe kò͘-sū
Toh-soaⁿ-chō

**Toh-san-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **san-àn-chō** () ia̍h-sī **Mensa-chō**, sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Tē-hng hoat-īⁿ

**Tē-hng hoat-īⁿ** (地方法院) thong-siông sī sò͘-siōng têng-sū ê chho͘-sím hoat-īⁿ; i koán-hat ê hoān-ûi thong-siông sī chi̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī ia̍h chi̍t ê koān.
## Siong-koan
*Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ
*Ko-téng hoat-īⁿ
Ko-téng hoat-īⁿ

**Ko-téng hoat-īⁿ** (高等法院) sī tē-ūi pí chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ khah-kē ê chi̍t chióng hoat-īⁿ; thong-siông ióng-iú bû-hān ê su-hoat koán-hat-koân.
## Siong-koan
*Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ
*Tē-hng hoat-īⁿ
Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ

**Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ** (最高法院) sī hiān-tāi siā-hōe siōng-koân chân-kip ê su-hoat ki-koan; thong-siông ióng-iú tùi sò͘-siōng ê chòe-āu sím-phoàⁿ-koân, kap tùi hoat-lu̍t ê chòe-āu kái-soeh-koân, tān-sī si̍t-chè ê koân-le̍k kap miâ-hō tī bô-kāng ê kok-ka mā ē bô-kāng.
## Siong-koan
*Ko-téng hoat-īⁿ
*Tē-hng hoat-īⁿ
Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ

**Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ** (臺灣高等法院) sī Tâi-oân ê ko-téng hoat-īⁿ; sio̍k-î tē-jī kip phó͘-thong hoat-īⁿ, lē-sio̍k tī Su-hoat-īⁿ.
Hok-kiàn liāu-lí

**Hok-kiàn liāu-lí** (福建料理), ia̍h-sī **Bân-chhài** (閩菜), sī Tiong-kok 8 toā chhài-hē chi-it. Kin-kì tē-he̍k ē-tàng hun chò Hok-chiu liāu-lí, Bân-sai liāu-lí kap Bân-lâm liāu-lí. Hok-kiàn khiā tī Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái, hái-sán toā-chhut, tì-sú Hok-kiàn-lâng choan-tióng liāu-lí hái-sian.

Tû-liáu it-poaⁿ ê tiâu-bī-liāu, Hok-kiàn liāu-lí iáu-ū hê-iû, hê-chiùⁿ téng-téng.


L
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok liāu-lí
Bah-kut-tê

**Bah-kut-tê** () sī khí-goân Má-lâi-se-a Pa-seng ê Hoâ-jîn liāu-lí. Lo̍h-bóe tī Sin-ka-pho, Tâi-oân kap Tiong-kok mā chin sî-kiâⁿ chia̍h.
Chháu-á-kóe

**chháu-á-kóe** (草仔粿), he̍k-chiá **chhú-khak-kóe** (鼠麴粿), sī chi̍t chióng ké; tī Hok-kiàn, Kheh-ka hām Tâi-oân liāu-lí lāi chin chia̍p-khoàⁿ. Kheh-gí kā hō-chò "**Ngie-pán**" (艾粄).
Hu̍t-thiàu-chhiûⁿ

**Hu̍t-thiàu-chhiûⁿ** (佛跳牆) sī Hok-kiàn liāu-lí lāi ê chi̍t chióng hî-chhì chhài-sek.
## Chham-khó
Hô͘-chio-piáⁿ

**Hô͘-chio-piáⁿ** (胡椒餅) sī goân-chū Tiong-kok Hok-chiu ê chi̍t chióng Hok-kiàn liāu-lí. Hô͘-chio-piáⁿ tī Tâi-oân sī chin sî-kiâⁿ ê ke-á chia̍h-mi̍h.

Lūi-pia̍t:Piáⁿ
Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ Tâi-tiong Hun-īⁿ

**Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ Tâi-tiong Hun-īⁿ** (臺灣高等法院臺中分院), sio̍k-chheng **Tâi-tiong Ko-hun-īⁿ** (臺中高分院) sī Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ ê Tâi-tiong hun-īⁿ; sio̍k-î tē-jī kip phó͘-thong hoat-īⁿ.
Thài-siōng Thian-ông

**Thài-siōng Thian-ông** (太上天王), kán-chheng **Siōng-ông** (上王), sī Tiong-kok Ngó͘-ô͘ Si̍p-lio̍k-kok tùi thè-ūi Thian-ông ia̍h-sī Thian-ông iáu chāi-sè ê lāu-pē ê chheng-hō.

## Siong-koan
*Thài-siōng-hông
*Thài-siōng-ông
*Thài-siōng Thian-hông
Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ Ko-hiông Hun-īⁿ

**Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ Ko-hiông Hun-īⁿ** (臺灣高等法院高雄分院) sī Tâi-oân Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ ê Ko-hiông hun-īⁿ; sio̍k-î tē-jī kip phó͘-thong hoat-īⁿ.
Gî-lân Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ

**Gî-lân Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ** (宜蘭地方法院) sī Tâi-oân Gî-lân-koān ê tē-hng hoat-īⁿ; sio̍k-î tē-saⁿ kip phó͘-thong hoat-īⁿ.
Ke-lâng Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ

**Ke-lâng Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ** (基隆地方法院) sī Tâi-oân Ke-lâng-chhī ê tē-hng hoat-īⁿ; sio̍k-î tē-saⁿ kip phó͘-thong hoat-īⁿ.
Têng-kài Hoat-īⁿ

**Têng-kài Hoat-īⁿ** (懲戒法院), chêng **Kong-bū-oân Têng-kài Úi-oân-hōe** (公務員懲戒委員會, kán-chheng **Kong-têng-hōe** 公懲會), sī Tâi-oân Su-hoat-īⁿ hā-siat ê ki-koan, hām Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ kap Chòe-ko Hêng-chèng Hoat-īⁿ kāng-khoán lóng sī Tâi-oân su-hoat chè-tō͘ lāi ê chiong-sím hoat-īⁿ. Kong-têng-hōe chiáng-lí têng-kài-koân, hū-chek tùi ûi-hoat sit-chit ê kong-bū-oân chò têng-kài chhú-hūn.
Hún-chiáu-chō

**Hún-chiáu-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **Khiu-chō** () ia̍h-sī **Thian-kap-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Hong-chiáu-chō

**Hong-chiáu-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **Ke̍k-lo̍k-chiáu-chō** (), **Thian-ìⁿ-chō** () ia̍h-sī **Ìⁿ-á-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Pegasus Chō

**Phe-ká-sú-suh-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **thian-má-chō** () ia̍h-sī **poe-má-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Tōa-chôa-chō

**Tōa-chôa-chō** (), mā thang kiò chò **Serpens Chō**, **Chôa-chō** () ia̍h-sī **Kū-chôa-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.

Tōa-chôa-chō ē-sái pun chò chôa-thâu (*Serpens Caput*) kap chôa-bóe (*Serpens Cauda*) 2 ê pō͘-hūn.
Hercules Chō

**He-lú-khú-lé-suh-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **bú-sian-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Perseus Chō

**Phe-lú-sé-ú-suh-chō** (, ), mā thang kiò chò **eng-sian-chō** (), sī hiān-tāi 88 seng-chō chi it.
Kiám-chhat-koaⁿ

**Kiám-chhat-koaⁿ** (檢察官) sī chú-tō hêng-sū tui-sò͘ ê chi̍t chióng hoat-lu̍t-ka. tī chi̍t-koá hoat-lu̍t chè-tō͘ lāi, kiám-chhat-koaⁿ mā sī kong-chiòng lī-ek kap kok-ka lī-ek ê tāi-piáu-jîn.
Âng Tiông-keng

**Âng Tiông-keng** (洪長庚, 1893 nî 5 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1966 nî 3 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân ê gán-kho i-seng. I ùi 1916 nî ji̍p Tai-pán I-kho Tāi-ha̍k, 1920 nî chut-gia̍p liáu-āu chò tāi-ha̍k chō͘-chhiú. 1926 hiòng Tang-kiaⁿ Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k thê chhut chú-lūn-bûn *Tī Ji̍t-pún-lâng ni̍h me̍h-lo̍k-mo̍͘h kap bāng-mo̍͘h sek-sò͘ ê thai-seng chó͘-chit-ha̍k tek gián-kiù* (日本人に於ける脈絡膜及び網膜色素の胎生組織学的研究), 1928 nî tit tio̍h i-ha̍k phok-sū. Tńg Tâi-oân liáu-āu, tī 1929 nî 3 goe̍h khai-siat Tat-koan Gán-kho I-īⁿ (達觀.).

Âng--sī tī 1966 nî ê 3 goe̍h 21, in-ūi koaⁿ-gâm kòe-sin.

## Siong-koan
* Âng Í-lâm

## Chham-khó
*
Pinocchio

**Pinocchio** (Italia-gí ho͘-im: [piˈnɔkkjo] "pi-nok-kioh") sī chi̍t-ê siáu-soat kak-sek, goân chok ê thâu chi̍t pō͘ kò͘-sū sī Italia chok-chiá Carlo Collodi ê jî-tông siáu-soat *[[Pinocchio ê Mō͘-hiám]]* (*Le avventure di Pinocchio*), pún kak chiàu kò͘-sū sī bo̍k-kang sai-hū Geppetto khek--chhut-lâi ê âng-á, ài kóng pe̍h-chhat, koh siūⁿ beh piàn chò chiàⁿ-káng ê ta-po͘ gín-á; tong i kóng pe̍h-chhat ê sî-chūn, phīⁿ-á tio̍h ē chhun tn̂g.

Pinocchio ê kò͘-sū mā tiāⁿ hong kái-pian chhut sin chok-phín, khah chhut-miâ ê chi̍t kái sī Walt Disney chè-chok ê 1940 nî tōng-ōe tiān-iáⁿ *[[Pinocchio (1940 nî tiān-iáⁿ)|Pinocchio]]*. Ùi pún chok lāi-bīn, Disney chiong chi̍t kóa Collodi goân-chok lāi-té Pinocchio khah tit lâng ià ê sèng-chit hiat tiāu.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hi-kò͘-lūi kak-sek
Lūi-pia̍t:Jî-tông bûn-ha̍k
Pinocchio (1940 nî tiān-iáⁿ)

***Pinocchio*** sī Bí-kok Walt Disney Chè-chok (Walt Disney Productions) kong-si 1940 nî chhut-phín ê tiān-iáⁿ, kái-pian chū Italia ê jî-tông siáu-soat *[[Pinocchio ê Mō͘-hiám]]*, sī Disney chè-chok ê tē 2 chhut tōng-ōe tn̂g-phiⁿ tiān-iáⁿ (feature film).

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-oē
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ
Lūi-pia̍t:Disney
Pe̍h-ōe

:*"Pe̍h-ōe" ê kî-tha ì-sù, khòaⁿ [[pe̍h-ōe (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)]].*

**Pe̍h-ōe** (Eng-gí: *vernacular language*), ia̍h sī kóng **hiong-tâm** (hiuⁿ-), ū-sî kóng **[[hong-giân]]**, sī kóng chi̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn ia̍h tē-hng ê chāi-lâi giân-gí he̍k-chiá sī khiuⁿ-kháu, iû-kî sī m̄-sī thoân-thóng-siōng siá-chok bûn-ha̍k ia̍h tòng chò kok-ka piau-chún-gí ê ōe.

## Chá-kî ê pe̍h-ōe bûn-hoat
1437 nî kàu 1586 nî kan, Au-chiu chhut-hiān Italia-gí, Se-pan-gâ-gí, Hoat-gí, Hô-lân-gí, Tek-gí kap Eng-gí ê bûn-hoat kì-lio̍k. Che sī chia pe̍h-ōe āu--lâi kúi pah tang kòe-têng piau-chún-hòa ê ki-chhó͘ chi it.

## Chá-kî ê pe̍h-ōe sû-tián
Sû-tián (*dictionary*) kap gú-lūi-chi̍p (*glossary*) sī bô sio-siâng. Chong-sī chin-chē gú-lūi-chi̍p chin chá to̍h ū, pí-lūn Seville ê Isidore chhut ê Etymologiae, khai-lia̍t chin chē Se-pan-gâ-gí ê tan-jī.

### Hô-lân-gí
Hô-lân-gí ê gú-lūi-chi̍p tī chha-put-to 1470 nî ê sî-chūn chhut-hiān, tè-bé tī 16 sè-kì hoat-tián chhut 2 pún Hô-lân-gí sû-tián:
* Christophe Plantin: *Thesaurus Theutonicae Linguae*, 1573
* Cornelis Kiliaan: *Dictionarium Teutonico-Latinum*, 1574 (tī 1599 nî ê tē-3 pán piàn *Etymologicum*)

## Chham-khó

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Siong-koan
* Pe̍h-ōe bûn-ha̍k

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*
Jî-tông bûn-ha̍k

**Jî-tông bûn-ha̍k** sī tek-pia̍t chhòng beh hō͘ gín-á-lâng him-sióng ê kò͘-sū, chheh-pún, cha̍p-chì, si-chok téng bûn-ha̍k chok-phín. 19 sè-kì bóe-kî kàu 20 sè-kí chho͘-kî sī Se-iûⁿ chin chē kàu kin-á-ji̍t iáu koh liû-hêng ê keng-tiám jî-tông bûn-ha̍k chhut-sán ê sî-tāi.

## Siong-koan
* Gín-á-kó͘
Kiám-chhat

**Kiám-chhat** (檢察) sī tāi-piáu kok-ka hêng-sú kiám-chhat-koân lâi î-hō͘ hoat-lu̍t chè-tō͘ ê hoat-lu̍t kàm-tok ki-koan.
## Siong-koan
*Kiám-chhat-koaⁿ
Tâi-kang Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Tâi-kang Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (台江國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-peh chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g; ūi-tī Tâi-lâm-chhī ê An-lâm-khu hām Chhit-kó͘-khu; tī 2009 nî 12 goe̍h 28 hō chèng-sek koà-pâi sêng-li̍p. Tâi-kang ê miâ-hō goân-chū Tâi-kang Lāi-hái.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê tâm-tē
Khún-teng Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Khún-teng Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (墾丁國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-it chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g; ūi-tī Pîn-tong-koān kéng-lāi; tī 1984 nî sêng-li̍p.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pîn-tong-koān ê kong-hn̂g
Soat-pà Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Soat-pà Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (雪霸國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-gō͘ chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, ē-sái tui-sò͘ chì Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Chhù-ko Thài-ló͘-koh Kok-li̍p Kong-hn̂g. I-ê miâ-hō goân-chū Soat-soaⁿ kap Toā-pà-chiam-soaⁿ chit nn̄g lia̍p soaⁿ-niá.
Kńg-chi̍h-ōe

**Kńg-chi̍h-ōe** (Eng-gí: *glossolalia*), mā hō chò **hong-giân**, sī chi̍t kóa chong-kàu-sèng ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p chhut-hiān hông jīn-ûi sī ū sèng-lêng hong-bīn ì-gī, m̄-koh lâng bô-hoat-tō͘ ti̍t-chia̍p thiaⁿ-ū ê giân-gí. Tī gí-giân-ha̍k-siōng che sī chi̍t khoán bô ì-sù ê hoat-siaⁿ. Ki-tok-kàu lāi-bīn bô kâng kàu-hōe tùi "kóng hong-giân" ê tāi-chì ū bô kâng ê khoàⁿ-hoat.
 
## Iōng-gí hoan-e̍k
Tâi-gí *[[Âng-phôe Sèng-keng]]* ê hoan-e̍k sī "kî-biāu ê giân-gí"; *Choân-bîn Tâi-gí Sèng-keng* ū hoan-e̍k chò "kńg-chi̍h-ōe"; nā *[[Pa-khek-lé Sèng-keng]]* ū iōng "im-gú".

## Chham-khó

## Liân-kiat
* 
* 

## Siong-koan
* Xenoglossia, put-bêng goân-in ē-hiáu kóng gōa-kok-ōe ê hiān-siōng.
Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (陽明山國家公園; **Iông-bêng-san**) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-saⁿ chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, chiân-sin sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi siat-li̍p ê Toā-tūn Kok-li̍p Kong-hn̂g; ūi-tī Tâi-pak-chhī kap Sin-pak-chhī kéng-lāi. Tī tē-lí siōng, chia sī sio̍k-tī Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn, sī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ hóe-soaⁿ tē-hêng hoān-ûi siōng khoah ê só͘-chāi.

## Le̍k-sú
Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ ê kū miâ, **Chháu-soaⁿ** (草山), hoàn-chí Tōa-tūn-soaⁿ, Chhit-chhiⁿ-soaⁿ, Se-bō-soaⁿ, Sió-koan-im-soaⁿ chit-tah ê soaⁿ. 17 sè-kí í-chêng, chia sī Tâi-oân Goân-chū-bîn-cho̍k Pak-tâu-siā ê léng-he̍k, in ē khai-chhái Chháu-soaⁿ ê liû-hông lâi chò-seng-lí.

## Iû-khè-khu kah kéng-tiám

* Sió-iû-khiⁿ Iû-khè-khu
* Léng-chúi-khiⁿ Iû-khè-khu
* Tōa-tūn Iû-khè-khu
* Jī-á-pîⁿ Iû-khè-khu
* Khêng-thian-kong
* Chháu-soaⁿ hêng-koán
* Tek-á-ô͘
* Se-bō-soaⁿ
* Bīn-thian-soaⁿ
* Hiòng-thian-ô͘-soaⁿ
* Hiòng-thian-ô͘
Thài-ló͘-koh Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Thài-ló͘-koh Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (太魯閣國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-sì chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, i-ê chiân-sin sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Chhù-ko Thài-ló͘-koh Kok-li̍p Kong-hn̂g.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g
Tang-soa Khoân-ta Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Tang-soa Khoân-ta Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (東沙環礁國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-chhit chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g kiam tē-it chō hái-iûⁿ kok-ka kong-hn̂g; iû Hái-iûⁿ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g Koán-lí-chhù koán-lí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g
Gio̍k-san Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Gio̍k-san Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (玉山國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-it chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, chiân-sin sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Sin-ko A-lí-san Kok-li̍p Kong-hn̂g.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g
Kim-mn̂g Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Kim-mn̂g Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (金門國家公園) sī Tâi-oân ê tē-la̍k chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, tiàm-tī Kim-mn̂g-koān, 1995 nî 5 goe̍h 25 hō kong-kò kè-ōe, 1995 nî 10 goe̍h 18 hō sêng-li̍p koán-lí-chhù, sī tē-it chō khiā tī lī-tó ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g
Pak-hong Sam-tó

**Pak-hong Sam-tó** (北方三島) sī Tâi-oân tùi i pak-hong hái-he̍k 3 ê lī-tó ê ha̍p-chheng.
*Mî-hoe-sū
*Hoe-pân-sū
*Phêⁿ-ka-sū
Niû Khó͘ Chhun-kiok

**Niû Khó͘ Chhun-kiok** (梁許春菊; ) sī Phêⁿ-ô͘ chhut-sin ê Tâi-oân kàu-io̍k-chiá kiam chèng-tī-ka. I 1938 nî tùi Nara Lú-chú Ko-téng Su-hoān Ha̍k-hāu chut-gia̍p, liáu-āu tńg i goân hāu Tâi-lâm Tē-jī Ko-téng Lú-ha̍k-hāu kà-chheh. 

1940 nî kah ang-sài Niû Péng-goân kiat-hun, tè-bé tòe leh khì Boán-chiu; 1946 nî 8 goe̍h tńg Tâi-oân. I pat chò Tâi-lâm-koān ê hū-lú-hōe lí-sū-tiúⁿ, koh tī 1951 nî tòng-soán Tâi-oân-séng lîm-sî ê séng-gī-goân, liáu-āu liân soán lóng-chóng chò 18 tang.

## Chham-khó
* 

## Siong-koan chu-liāu
*
Hong-giân (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

**Hong-giân** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Gí-giân-ha̍k-siōng khó-lū tio̍h giân-gí chhin-goân koan-hē ê hong-giân (*dialect*) koan-liām, sī chi̍t khoán giân-gí lāi-bīn bó͘ khoán piàn-chéng kap pat khoán piàn-chéng bô-kâng m̄ koh it-tēng ê thêng-tō͘ siōng ū hoat-tō͘ sio-thong ê koan-hē.
* Tē-hng ê ōe, ia̍h sī kóng hiong-tâm, pe̍h-ōe. Chit-ê koan-liām bô khó-lū chhin-goân koan-hē, tī chi̍t-ê só͘-chāi bô kâng khí-goân ê giân-gí lóng ē-tàng tông-sî kóng sī hit-ê só͘-chāi ê hong-giân.
* Chong-kàu iû-kî Ki-tok-kàu ê hong-giân (*glossolalia*) kài-liām kap hiān-siōng. 
* Bó͘ chi̍t khoán thêng-sek gí-giân ê 1 kóa te̍k-sû piàn-khoán, mā hông kiò "hong-giân" (*dialect*).
Phêⁿ-ô͘ Lâm-hong Sù-tó Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Phêⁿ-ô͘ Lâm-hong Sù-tó Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (澎湖南方四島國家公園) sī Tâi-oân chèng-hú ùi 2010 nî khai-sí tiû-siat ê chi̍t chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g. 2014 nî 6 goe̍h 8 hō chèng-sek kong-kò si̍t-si, pēng tī 10 goe̍h 18 hō koà-pâi.

Kî-tiong, **Sù-tó** (四島) sī Tang-kiat-sū, Sai-kiat-sū, Tang-sū-pêⁿ-sū kap Sai-sū-pêⁿ-sū chit sì chō tó-sū.

Lūi-pia̍t:Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān ê tē-lí
Tâi-oân ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g

**[[Tâi-oân]] ê [[kok-ka kong-hn̂g]]** sī Tâi-oân chèng-hú ūi-tio̍h beh pó-hō͘ kok-ka te̍k-iú ê chū-jiân hong-kéng, iá-seng-bu̍t kap le̍k-sú bûn-hoà ûi-chek, chiàu *Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g Hoat* (國家公園法) só͘ kong-kò ōe-tēng ê khu-he̍k; *Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g Hoat* lēng-goā tēng-tēng ha̍p-tī téng-bīn tiâu-kiāⁿ tān-sī chu-goân phong-phài thêng-tō͘ ia̍h bīn-chek kui-bô͘ khah-sè ê só͘-chāi, siat-tì kok-ka chū-jiân kong-hn̂g.

Ùi 1982 nî sêng-li̍p Khún-teng Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g í-lâi, kàu-taⁿ í-keng ū 9 chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g, 1 chō kok-ka chū-jiân kong-hn̂g. In-ê chú-koán ki-koan lóng sī Lāi-chèng-pō͘ Kok-ka kong-hn̂g Sú.
Crater Ô͘ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Crater Ô͘ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (Eng-bûn: ) sī Bí-kok Oregon Chiu lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g. Crater Ô͘ Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g sī Oregon kéng-lāi ûi-it ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g, siōng-kài chhut-miâ ê kéng-tiám chiū sī Crater Ô͘.
Glacier Oan Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Glacier Oan Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (Eng-bûn: **) sī Bí-kok Alaska Chiu lâm-pō͘ ê chi̍t chō kok-ka kong-hn̂g.
Siō-sī Hiaⁿ-tī

**Siō-sī Hiaⁿ-tī (Hiong-káng) Iú-hān Kong-si** (邵氏兄弟 (香港) 有限公司; Eng-gí: *Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Limited*) sī Hiong-káng ê tiān-iáⁿ kong-si, 1958 nî chhòng-li̍p.
O͘-soaⁿ-thâu Chúi-khò͘

**O͘-soaⁿ-thâu Chúi-khò͘** (烏山頭水庫), kū miâ **O͘-soaⁿ-thâu Té-chúi-tî** (烏山頭貯水池), sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t chō chúi-khò͘; ūi-tī Tâi-lâm-chhī Koaⁿ-tiān-khu; kū-iú chúi-le̍k hoat-tiān ê kong-lêng.
## Siong-koan
*O͘-soaⁿ-thâu Chúi-le̍k Hoat-tiān-chhiúⁿ
Chio̍h-mn̂g Chúi-khò͘

**Chio̍h-mn̂g Chúi-khò͘** () sī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t chō chúi-khò͘; ūi-tī Thô-hn̂g-chhī Tāi-khe-khu, Liông-thâm-khu kap Ho̍k-heng-khu kéng-lāi.
Lân-sū Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Lân-sū Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (蘭嶼國家公園) sī chi̍t chō iáu-bōe sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân kok-ka kong-hn̂g. 1979 nî khí, Lân-sū pī tēng chò kok-ka kong-hn̂g ê ī-tēng-tē, tān-sī in-ūi Tao Cho̍k ki-bîn ê hoán-tùi, kàu-taⁿ lóng bô chìn-tián.
Lêng-tan Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g

**Lêng-tan Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g** (能丹國家公園) sī chi̍t chō iáu-bōe sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân kok-ka kong-hn̂g. 1998 nî, iû Po͘-lí ê chāi-tē jîn-sū thê-gī siat-tì, goân-té ī-tēng tī 2000 nî sêng-li̍p, lo̍h-bóe siū-tio̍h Bunun Cho̍k kap chāi-tē ki-bîn ê kiông-jia̍t hoán-toâⁿ lâi tiong-chí.
Harriet Tubman

**Harriet Tubman** (iok 1820 nî – 1913 nî 3 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê hoán-lô͘-lē-chè ūn-tōng-chiá. I pún-sin mā sī  lô͘-lē chhut-sin. I keng-kòe kiò chò "Tē-hā Thih-lō͘" (*Underground Railroad*) ê hē-thóng oān-kiù liáu kúi-a pah ūi ê o͘-lâng.

## Chham-khó
*
Mary Baker Eddy

**Mary Baker Eddy** (1821 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1910 nî 12 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê ki-tok-kàu kái-kek-chiá, i kiàn-li̍p liáu chi̍t khoán kiò chò Christian Science ("Ki-tok-kàu Kho-ha̍k") ê chong-phài.

## Chham-khó
*
Pó-san Chúi-khò͘

**Pó-san Chúi-khò͘** (寶山水庫) sī Tâi-oân Sin-tek-koān Pó-san-hiong ê chi̍t chō chúi-khò͘.