Thangka

**Thangka** (; tsōng-gú: ཐང་ཀ་; newar-gú: पौभा;  hàn-gú: 唐卡; : thang-ka) teh tsōng-gú ê ì-sù sī "tshîng-peh-tshiū", tio̍h-sī tsi̍t-tsióng uē teh pòo-buān, jī-tsuá tíng-kuân ê uē-siōng. Thâng-kā hing-khí teh Bod Tè-kok sî-kî, ē-tàng suî-ì î-tōng, hong-piān siu-tsông.

## Tôo-siōng

File:Buddha Amitayus attended by bodhisattvas 11th century. Metmuseum.jpg|11th or early 12th-century thangka of the Amitābha Buddha, with donor portraits at bottom.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-KA-07-095, Tibetexpedition, Mönch beim Malen.jpg|Monk painting a thangka at the Potala in Lhasa in 1938
File:Diverse Forms of Mahakala and other Protectors - Google Art Project.jpg|Thanka with its backing and (above) cover
File:The Jina Buddha Ratnasambhava Central Tibet, a Kadampa Monastery, 1150-1225, LACMA.jpg|Jina Buddha Ratnasambhava, Central Tibet, Kadampa Monastery, 1150–1225
File:'The Dhyani Buddha Akshobhya', Tibetan thangka, late 13th century, Honolulu Academy of Arts.jpg|'The Dhyani Buddha Akshobhya', Tibetan thangka, late 13th century, Honolulu Museum of Art.  The background consists of multiple images of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.
File:Thangka of Buddha with the One Hundred Jataka Tales, Tibet, 13th-14th century.jpg|Thangka of Buddha with the One Hundred Jataka Tales, Tibet, 13th-14th century
File:Initiation Card (Tsakalis), Maitreya. 13-14th century, Metmuseum.jpg|Small tsakli, 13-14th century
File:17th century Central Tibeten thanka of Guhyasamaja Akshobhyavajra, Rubin Museum of Art.jpg|17th-century Central Tibetan thanka of Guhyasamaja Akshobhyavajra, Rubin Museum of Art
File:Yama tibet.jpg|Yama, Tibet, 17th- or early 18th-century. Over six feet high, this was originally one of a set of protective deities.
File:Yama Dharmapala. Tibeto-chinese. Silk embroidery, 18th Century. British Museum..jpg|Yama Dharmapala, Tibeto-Chinese, silk embroidery, 18th century
File:Tara thangka.jpg|18th-century Eastern Tibetan thanka, with the Green Tara (Samaya Tara Yogini) in the center and the Blue, Red, White and Yellow taras in the corners, Rubin Museum of Art
File:Bhutanese thanka of Mt. Meru and the Buddhist Universe.jpg|Bhutanese thangka of Mt. Meru and the Buddhist Universe, 19th century, Trongsa Dzong, Trongsa, Bhutan
File:Medicine Buddha painted mandala with goddess Prajnaparamita in center, 19th century, Rubin.jpg|Painted Bhutanese Medicine Buddha mandala with the goddess Prajnaparamita in center, 19th century, Rubin Museum of Art
File:Bhutanese Drukpa applique Buddhist lineage thonka with Shakyamuni Buddha in center, 19th century, Ruben Museum of Art.jpg|Bhutanese Drukpa Kagyu applique Buddhist lineage thangka with Shakyamuni Buddha in center, 19th century, Rubin Museum of Art
File:Bhutanese painted complete mandala, 19th century, Seula Gonpa, Punakha, Bhutan.jpg|Bhutanese painted complete mandala, 19th century, Seula Gonpa, Punakha, Bhutan
File:Bhutanese painted thanka of Guru Nyima Ozer, late 19th century, Do Khachu Gonpa, Chukka, Bhutan.jpg|Bhutanese painted thangka of Guru Nyima Ozer, late 19th century, Do Khachu Gonpa, Chukha, Bhutan
File:Bhutanese painted thanka of Milarepa (1052-1135), Late 19th-early 20th Century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan.jpg|Bhutanese painted thangka of Milarepa (1052–1135), late 19th-early 20th century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan
File:Bhutanese painted thanka of the Jataka Tales, 18th-19th Century, Phajoding Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan.jpg|Bhutanese painted thangka of the Jataka Tales, 18th-19th century, Phajoding Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan
File:The Qianlong Emperor in Buddhist Dress.jpg|The Qianlong Emperor of China dressed as a monk
File:Wheel of Existence.jpg|Wheel of Life, from about 1800, Birmingham Museum of Art
File:Situ Panchen. Mahasiddha Ghantapa. From Situ's set of the Eight Great Tantric Adepts. 18th century, Coll. of John and Berthe Ford..jpg|The mahasiddha Ghantapa (below), from Situ Panchen's set of thangka depicting the Eight Great Tantric Adepts. 18th century, with Chinese influence
File:Tibetan Thangka, anonymous, private collection.jpg|Tibetan thangka of the Chemchok Heruka
File:Pair of Manuscript Covers with Three Deities and Three Hierarchs, 1.jpg|One of a pair of book covers, c. 12th century
File:Shakyamuni-Thangka.jpg|19th-century Mongolian distemper painting with highlights of gold, depicting Shakyamuni flanked by Avalokiteśvara and Manjushri. The form of Manjushri depicted here is not wielding the characteristic flaming sword, but there are many forms of the eight great bodhisattvas, some are based on the Indian tradition, and other from visions of historical masters.
File:Painting Thangka Lhasa Tibet Luca Galuzzi 2006.jpg|Painting Thangka in Lhasa, Tibet (2006)


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

* Kossak, Steven M., Singer, Jane Casey, (eds.), ''Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet'' (exhibition catalogue), Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998 (fully available online as PDF). 
* Lipton, Barbara and Ragnubs, Nima Dorjee. *Treasures of Tibetan Art: Collections of the Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art*. Oxford University Press, New York. 1996.
* Rhie, Marylin and Thurman, Robert (eds.):*Wisdom And Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet*, 1991, Harry N. Abrams, New York (with three institutions), . 

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* Giuseppe Tucci, *Tibetan Painted Scrolls*. 3 volumes, Rome, 1949  
* Hugo E. Kreijer, *Tibetan Paintings. The Jucker Collection*. 2001,   
* Huntington, John C.,  Bangdel, Dina, *The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art*, 2003, Serindia Publications, , 9781932476019 
* Per Kværne, *The Bon Religion of Tibet: The Iconography of a Living Tradition*. Serindia, London 1995.  
* David P. Jackson, *History of Tibetan Painting; The Great Tibetan Painters and Their Traditions*, 1995,  
* Martin Willson, Martin Brauen, *Deities of Tibetan Buddhism: The Zurich Paintings of the "Icons Worthwhile to See"*. Wisdom Pubn. 2000,   
* Robert N. Linrothe, *Paradise and Plumage: Chinese Connections in Tibetan Arhat Painting*. Serindia Publications 2004,   
* David P. Jackson, *Patron and Painter: Situ Panchen and the Revival of the Encampment Style*. Rubin Museum of Art 2009,  
* Jacinta Boon Nee Loh, Decision From Indecision: Conservation of Thangka Significance, Perspectives and Approaches , in *Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies*, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, vol. 8, 2002-11-01 

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (Wylie tsuán-siá/Wylie transliteration)
* (Iông-tsiu si̍p-ji̍t/揚州十日)
*
* (Lên-ha̍p-kok sēn-hiō kiù-tsè tsóng-sú/United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration)
* (Armenia tsíng-tso̍k be̍t-tsua̍t/Armenian genocide)

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

*  
* Thangka Painting School in Nepal Collective of thangka artists of the Kathmandu Valley.  
* Dharmapala Thangka Centre: more than 1000 pages of sacred Tibetan art and more than fully described more than different 600 Thangkas 
* 'Norbulingka thangka's Norbulingka Institute - Tibetan Thangka Paintings from the Tibetan Government's Institute under the Chairmanship of the Dalai Lama. 
* Movie about Newari Thangka painting in Nepal 
* Mongolian Tangkas 
* The Huge Thangka of Amdo  
* Nick Dudka's art of Thangka site - Nick Dudka is an internationally well-known Thangka artist, who has been studying ancient Tibetan art Menry style. He is exhibiting his works all over the world to spread the unique necessity of the holy art to the modern world. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Chhiú-gē