open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kan-tāu Chām

**Kan-tāu Chām** (干豆站; Hôa-gí: 關渡站 *ㄍㄨㄢ ㄉㄨˋ ㄓㄢˋ / Guāndù Zhàn*) sī tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Pak-tâu-khu, Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn ê Chia̍t-ūn chhia-chām. 

## Siong-koan Bûn-chiuⁿ
* Kan-tāu
Tiong-gī Chām (Tâi-pak-chhī)

**Tiong-gī Chām** (忠義站) sī tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Pak-tâu-khu, Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn ê Chia̍t-ūn chhia-chām.
Ho̍k-heng-kong Chām

**Ho̍k-heng-kong Chām** (復興崗站) sī tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī Pak-tâu-khu, Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn ê Chia̍t-ūn chhia-chām.
Tiong-gī Chām

**Tiong-gī Chām** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Tiong-gī Chām (Hô-lâm-séng) (忠義站)
* Tiong-gī Chām (Tâi-pak-chhī) (忠義站)
Jit-pun châi-thoân

**Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân** (ji̍t-gú: 日本財団,  ing-gú: Nippon Foundation) sī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiann tsi̍t-ê su-jîn ê, hui-îng-lī ê  tsoo-tsit. Ji̍t-pún tsâi-thuân sī-iû  tsìng-tī-ka, tsiàn-huān hiâm-gî-jîn hām sing-lí-lâng  tī 1962-nî sóo tshòng-li̍p. Tsit-ê ki-kim-huē ê sú-bīng sī kā Ji̍t-pún  pí-sài ê siu-ji̍p iōng teh tsû-siān ua̍h-tāng, lî-tshiánn koh lī-iōng tsit-pit tsu-kim teh kok-lāi-guā tsáu-tshuē tsuân-kiû hái-sū huat-tián hām jîn-tō tsú-gī kang-tsok uān-tsōo. Teh jîn-tō tsú-gī líng-i̍k, tiōng-tiám sī teh kuan-tsù siā-huē hok-lī, kong-kiōng uē-sing, kàu-io̍k tíng-tíng líng-i̍k. Tsit-ê ki-kim-huē iū-koh in-uī suan-iông Ji̍t-pún  jî-lâi siū-tio̍h phue-phîng, Ti̍k-pia̍t sī teh hún-sik Ji̍t-pún teh jī-tsiàn tang-tiong sóo huān ê iú-kuan .

Uì 2003-nî í-lâi, tsit-ê ki-kim-huē it-ti̍t teh thui-kóng tshiú-gú; tsong-tsí sī hōo tshàu-hīnn lâng tshiong-hun tsham-ú siā-huē, in koh-teh  kah  (NTID) uī-tio̍h tshàu-hīnn lâng siat-li̍p .

Hiān-jīm tsú-si̍k sī tsong-tsí teh siau-bia̍t ke-jiáu-hong ê , Ji̍t-pún tsìng-hú myanmar bîn-tso̍k hô-kái ti̍k-sú , i tio̍h-sī ki-kim-huē tshòng-sí-jîn  ê hāu-senn.

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* *Entretien avec Nicolas Beau : « Les journalistes ne font pas leur travail », * nouvelobs.com, 7 juin 2006. 
* 佐藤誠三郎『笹川良一研究 異次元からの使者』 中央公論社 1998年. ISBN2 4120028178 
* 曽野綾子『日本財団9年半の日々』 徳間書店 2005年. ISBN2 4198620326 

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (ki̍k iū-i̍k/Far-right politics})

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* The Nippon Foundations website
* The Nippon Foundation Blog
* The Nippon Foundation Youtube
* Scandinavia-Japan Sasakawa Foundation
Tiâu-sián tiong-iong thong-sìn-siā

**Tiâu-sián tiong-iong thong-sìn-siā** (hân-gú: 조선중앙통신사; hàn-gú: 朝鮮中央通訊社; ing-gú: Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)) sī tiâu-sián ê  . Tiâu-sián tiong-iong thong-sìn-siā tsit-ê ki-kòo sī teh tuì kok-lāi-guā ê lâng thuân-sàng iú-kuan  ê li̍p-tiûnn hām tsò-huat. Tiâu-sián tiong-iong thong-sìn-siā sîng-li̍p tī 1946-nî 12-gue̍h 5-ji̍t, tsit-má tsú-iàu í suànn-tíng pò-tō uî ti̍k-sik.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*  

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (State media)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 
* STALIN  archives (January 1996–present)
* Older archives at Defense Technical Information Center
* KCNA Watch archives by NK News
* Kim Jong-il (1964): "A Talk to the Officials of the Korean Central News Agency June 12, 1964" at the Korean Friendship Association
Kok-li̍p kho-ki tāi-ha̍k MISiS

**Kok-li̍p kho-ki tāi-ha̍k MISiS** (gô-gú: Национальный исследовательский технологический университет МИСиС; ing-gú: National University of Science and Technology MISiS) sī tsi̍t-king khia-tī Gôlôsu Moskva ê  kah iá-kim líng-i̍k ê kong-li̍p . Tsit king tāi-ha̍k sîng-li̍p tī 1918-nî, sī "Moskva khòng-iá ha̍k-īnn" ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn. Tī 1930-nî to̍k-li̍p. Teh Stalin tsip-tsìng kî-kan, tsit king  kái-miâ tsò "Stalin Moskva kǹg-thih ha̍k-īnn". Teh kah "Iú-sik kim-sio̍k hām n̂g-kim gián-kiù-sóo" ha̍p-pìng liáu-āu, tsit king tāi-ha̍k suá-lâi tī 1962 kái-miâ tsò "Moskva kǹg-thih hām ha̍p-kim gián-kiù-sóo". 1993-nî hi̍k-tit ki-su̍t tāi-ha̍k ê tē-uī, 2008-nî hi̍k-tit kok-li̍p tāi-ha̍k ê tē-uī; tsit king tāi-ha̍k tsit-má sú-iōng hiān-kin ê .

MISiS sī "ko-tíng iá-kim kàu-io̍k hia̍p-huē" ê tsi̍t-king tāi-ha̍k, hia̍p-huē i-ê sîng-guân pau-kuat lâi-tsū Gôlôsu, Ukraina kah Kazakhstan tíng-tíng kok-ka ê tāi-ha̍k. MISiS kah Tik-kok  ê , hām Huat-kok  ê  siat-iú liân-ha̍p ha̍k-uī ê khò-tîng.

## Kok ha̍k-īnn
* Institute of Metallurgy, Ecology and Quality
* Institute of Physical Chemistry of Materials
* Institute of Materials Technology
* Institute of Mining
* Institute of Computer Science and Economics
* Institute of Humanities
* Institute of Information Business Systems
* Faculty of Part-Time Education
* Post Higher Education Centre
* Preparatory Faculty
* Mining

## Tù-bîng hāu-iú
Tù-bîng  ū í-hā kui-ê:

*Viktor Berkovsky, Soo-liân hām Ukraina 
*Mikhail Fridman, Ukrainan tshut-sì ê Gôlôsu–Israel sing-lí-lâng, ik-bān hù-ong, hām kuá-thâu
*German Khan, Gôlôsu–Israel sing-lí-lâng, ik-bān hù-ong, hām kuá-thâu
*Eduard Shifrin, Ukraina khì-gia̍p-ka hām  kiōng-tông sóo-iú-jîn

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (Steelmaking)
* (Institute of technology/lí-kang ha̍k-īnn/ki-su̍t ha̍k-īnn)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys (Russian / English)
* "Tsvetnye Metally" metallurgical journal, supported by Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
Chiong-chiu hōa gú-hoat

**[[Chiang-chiu-oē|Tsiong-tsiu huā]] [[Bûn-hoat|gú-huat]]** (sepangâ-gú: Gramática de la Lengua Chio Chiu; **Tsiong-tsiu uē gú-huat**, **Tsiang-tsiu uē gí-huat**; **Tsiong-tsiu uē gí-huat**) sī tsi̍t-pún Sepangâ jîn sóo  ê 17 sè-kí bân-lâm-gú gú-huat tsuan-su,  put-siông, kì-tsài ê gú-giân uî tsiong-tsiu , siu-tsông teh Sepangâ . Tsuân-su lóng-tsóng hun 9 , kài-siāu Tsiong-tsiu huā ê siann-tiāu,  , , , hóo-tīng-kù, , kok-tsióng ê  hun-luī sû, nî-gue̍h tíng-tíng ê  hām gú-huat. Pún-tsu kah "Tsiong-tsiu huā sî-uī" (Vocabulario de la Lengua Chio Chiu) lóng-sī   17 sè-kí Huili̍ppin ê Tsiong-tsiu Bân-lâm jîn î-bîn gú-giân ê tiōng-iàu bûn-hiàn.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (University of Barcelona)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*The Arte de la Lengua Chio Chiu (BMS): Transcript and Annotated Translation Transcript and Translation in   
*Arte de la Lengua Chio Chiu (BMS)  

Lūi-pia̍t:Bân-lâm-gú ê tù-chok
Lūi-pia̍t:Bân-lâm-gú lating bû-jī
Sad tsiong

** Sad tsiong** (; ) sī Kó͘-lân-keng ê tē-38 tsiong (surah).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* https://quran.com/sad

Lūi-pia̍t:Islam
Lūi-pia̍t:A-la-pek-gí
Antony Blinken

**Antony John Blinken** () sī Bí-kok ê lu̍t-su hām goā-kau-koaⁿ, i uì 2021 nî 1 goe̍h 26 ji̍t khai-sí tam-jīm Bí-kok tē-71 jîm Kok-bū Pō͘-tiúⁿ. I pat tī 2013 nî kàu 2015 nî tam-jīm , tī 2015 nî kàu 2017 nî teh Barack Obama chóng-thóng jīm-lāi tam-jīm .

## Chham-khó

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

*Biography at the United States Department of State
*Biography at the United States Department of State (2009–2017, archived)
*Confirmation hearing for U.S. Secretary of State from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (January 19, 2021)
* from WestExec Advisors
*
*

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘-tiúⁿ
Baku chèng-hú tōa-lâu

**Baku [[Chèng-hú|tsìng-hú]] ** (azerbaijan-gú: Hökumət Evi; ing-gú: Government House of Baku; mā kiò-tsò tsìng-hú tuā-lâu (House of Government)), sī tsi̍t-tsō  ê , siat-iú Azerbaijan kok-tsiu pōo-uí. Baku tsìng-hú tuā-lâu khiā-tī , bīn-hiòng . Tuā-lâu ê puè-bīn bīn-hiòng Baku tshī-tiong-sim bô-îng tshì-tshì ê  . Tsìng-hú tuā-lâu sī uī-tio̍h 5,500 ê iông-liōng sóo lâi siat-kè ê.

## Tôo-siōng


File:1960 CPA 2417.jpg|*[[Azerbaijan Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok|Azerbaijan SSR]] 40 tsiu-nî* soo-liân iû-phiò tíng-kuân ìn-ê Baku tsìng-hú tuā-lâu kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t.


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (Baku City Executive Power)
* (Building of Baku City Executive Power)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Google Maps profile
Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k

**Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k**, mā hō chòe **Kok-li̍p Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k**, **Pîn-tāi**, koh mā ū Eng-gí miâ ê kán-chheng hō-chò **NPTU**. Sī tī Tâi-oân Pîn-tong (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Pîn-tong-koān) ê kok-li̍p tāi-ha̍k. Tī 2014 nî 8 goe̍h chhoe 1 iû 2 keng ha̍k-hāu, Pîn-tong Kàu-io̍k Tāi-ha̍k kap Pîn-tong Siong-gia̍p Ki-su̍t Ha̍k-īⁿ phēng chòe 1 keng chiah lâi sêng-li̍p Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k lóng-chóng ū 4 ê hāu-khu, kî-tiong ū 3 ê tī Pîn-tong chhī-khu, ū 1 ê tī Chhâ-siâⁿ. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ē-kha ū siat 1 keng si̍t-giām sió-ha̍k. Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k éng-kòe sī 2 keng ha̍k-hāu, pau-koah Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, tī 1940 nî 4 goe̍h só͘ chhòng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Pîn-tong Su-hoān Ha̍k-hāu kap tī 1991 nî só͘ siat ê Kok-li̍p Pîn-tong Siong-gia̍p Choan-kho Ha̍k-hāu. Bo̍k-chêng Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ū 7 ê ha̍k-īⁿ, 32 ê ha̍k-hē, 30 ê se̍k-sū pan, 1 ê phok-sū pan.

## Hāu-hn̂g
Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k ê hāu-hn̂g lóng-chóng pun chò 4 khu, ū 7 ê ha̍k-īⁿ. Kî-tiong, tī Pîn-siong Hāu-khu--ê ū Koán-lí Ha̍k-īⁿ, Chu-sìn Ha̍k-īⁿ, kap Ka-bu-lún-gàn Ha̍k-īⁿ.

## Gián-kiú Tiong-sim

## Chí-bōe-á Hāu
Chit-chūn hām Pîn-tong Tāi-ha̍k chhiam-iok chò chí-bōe-á hāu ê sè-kài tāi-ha̍k ū chhiau-kòe 50 keng.

## Chham-khó Chu-liāu
Beyond Meat kong-si

**Beyond Meat [[kong-si]]** (ing-gú: Beyond Meat, Inc., **Beyond Meat**) sī tsi̍t-king khiā-tī Bí-kok California tsiu Los Angeles ê  bah-luī  sing-sán-siong, iû  tī 2009-nî tshòng-li̍p. Kong-si ê siú-phue  tī 20812-nî teh Bí-kok thui-tshut. Beyond Meat kong-si teh gû-bah, tti-bah hām ka-khîm luī-pia̍t tang-tiong thê-kiong khiā-tī si̍t-bu̍t ê suán-ti̍k. Tsia̍t-tsí 2021-nî 3-gue̍h, Beyond Meat  teh tsuân-kiû 80 guā-ê kok-ka hām tē-khu ê tāi-iok 118,000 king sió-bē hām  ho̍k-bū-bāng teh siau-siū.

## Kong-si li̍k-sú
### Tshòng-li̍p ên-khí
Beyond Meat kong-si sī-iû  tī 2009-nî sóo tshòng-li̍p ê, Beyond Meat ê sú-bīng sī ìng-tuì tsuân-kiû-huà ê khì-hāu piàn-huà. Brown khí-tshoo liân-hē  ê nn̄g-uī kàu-siū "Fu-hung Hsieh" hām "Harold Huff", tsit nn̄g-uī kàu-siū to-nî lâi it-ti̍t teh khai-huat bô-bah ê nn̄g-pe̍h-tsit. Teh hi̍k-tit Hsieh hām Huff ê ki-su̍t hí-khó liáu-āu, Beyond Meat thui-tshut i-ê tē-it khuán sán-phín Beyond Chicken Strips (guân-miâ kiò-tsò "Chicken-Free Strips"), tī 2012-nî tsìn-ji̍p Whole Foods tshiau-tshī, pīng-tī 2013-nî teh tsuân Bí-kok huān-uî-lāi khok-tiong. Tī 2014-nî, Beyond Meat khai-huat i-ê thâu-tsi̍t-ê si̍t-bu̍t-síng gû-bah  "Beyond Beef Crumbles", pīng-koh suî-āu khok-tián kàu si̍t-bu̍t-sìng ti-bah.  kā Beyond Meat phîng-lūn uî 2013 nî-tōo ê Kong-si.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*

Lūi-pia̍t:NASDAQ chiūⁿ-chhī kong-si
Thian piàn té chhau

**Thian piàn té tshau** (hàn-gú: 天變邸抄; ing-gú: Heaven change Di chao) sī 1626-nî (Bîng-tiau Bîng Hi-tsong Thian-khé 6-nî tāi-iok 5-gue̍h kî-kan) teh Tiong-kok Pak-kiann tsi̍t-hun iû bîn-kan pò-pâng pian-tsip huat-hîng ê té pò. Luē-iông tsi̍p-tiong pò-tō kâng-nî 5-gue̍h 30-ji̍t (Thian-khé píng-în 5-gue̍h tshe 6) po̍k-huat ê .

## Bîng-tshing ên-khì
"Thian piàn té tshau" sì jī sī-iû siu-lo̍k-tsiá ka-kī thinn-ka lo̍h--khì ê, iōng-ì sī uī-tio̍h pò-tō Ông-kiong-tshióng tsai-piàn siông-tsîng ê "té tshau". "Thian piàn" (天變) it-sû guân-î tong-sî ê tsit-tiâu siōng-ū (上諭), sī in-uī Ông-kiong-tshióng tshióng-tsai po̍k-huat tú-tú-á hó tú-tio̍h Bîng-tiau tsìng-kio̍k bô ún-tīng ê sî-tsūn, sóo-í po̍k-tsà sū-kòo hông lí-kái tsò siōng-thian ê kíng-sī.

## Biâu-su̍t
İû-î "Thian piàn té tshau" uī kok sú-liāu tang-tiong tuì Ông-kiong-tshióng tsai-tsîng pò-tō siōng siông-tsīn ê , phian-hok kīn sann-tshing jī, kì-lio̍k tsiânn-tsē ê sè-tsiat kap kū-thé ê tsîng-hóng, koh ka-siōng i-ê siá-huat sing-íng, tshut-hiān luī-sū kin-á-ji̍t ê tō-gú hām  ê kiat-kòo, iōng ín-giân suî-ê tián-khui, tē-tiám siōng iû kīn káu hn̄g, sî-kan siōng iû tong-ji̍t tong-sî tui-sòo tsiân-in, iân-sin hiō-kó, í-king kū-iú hiān-tāi sin-bûn siá-tsok ê pōo-hūn ti̍k-sik, in-tshú tsi̍t tshut-pán tō hong-hîng tsi̍t-sî, koh uī āu-sè ê  kap sú-ha̍k-ka thê-kiong tāi-liōng ê , jî-lâi siū-tio̍h tiōng-sī, thui-tsông, tong-sî mā sióng-ting hit-tang-tsūn ê sin-bûn tshái-hóng, siá-tsok tsuí-pîng ta̍t-kàu it-tīng ê ko-tōo, iàu-sòo mā khah tsê-tsuân.

## Guân-kiānn piàn-tshian
"Thian piàn té tshau" guân-lâi ê hit-hun pò-tsuá í-king bô tsûn-tsāi, m̄-ku Bîng-bua̍t Tshing-tshe ū bē-tsió bûn-jîn sóo-siá ê bûn-tsi̍p, pí-jū Kim Ji̍t-sing (金日升) ê "Siōng thian lû pit" (頌天臚筆), N̂g İo̍k (黃煜) ê "Phik-hiat lio̍k" (碧血錄),  ê "" (明季北略) tíng-tíng ê bûn-tsiunn tsheh-tsi̍k, lóng siu-lio̍k teh i-ê lāi-bûn án-ne tsiah ē-tàng lâi pó-tsûn lo̍h--lâi.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*天變邸抄--中國哲學書電子計畫 
*天启大爆炸探秘（下）《天变邸抄》解读
Siau-sit ê kok-kài

**Siau-sit ê kok-kài** (hàn-gú: 消失的國界; ing-gú: The Borderless World) sī Tâi-uân ê tsi̍t-ê í kok-tsè sin-bûn tshim-tōo tsuan-tê pò-tō uî tsú ê , sîng-li̍p kàu kin-á-ji̍t í-kingi ū 14-nî. Teh  kah  pò-tshut. Pò-tshut sî-tuānn pat tsiânn-tsē pái teh piàn-tōng, Tsit-má ê pò-tshut sî-kan uî ta̍k lé-pài-la̍k àm-sî 11  kàu 12 tiám pò-tshut. Tī ta̍k lé-pài-ji̍t siōng-ngóo 10 tiám tsì 11 tiám tiông-pò. Tē-it jîm tsú-tshî-jîn uî Lí Thian-î (李天怡), kè-jîm mā sī hiān-jīm ê tsú-tshî-jîn uî Lí Bûn-gî (李文儀).

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*消失的國界—— 三立電視 官方網站 
*
Lūn-lāi-lí

Lūn-lāi-lí (崙內里) sī Tâi-oân Hûn-lîm-koān Thô͘-khò͘-tìn ê chi̍t ê lí .
Kū-miâ kiò-chò Koaⁿ-chin cha̍p-peh-chng(菅蓁十八庄).
## Chng-thâu
*Lūn-lāi（崙內）
*Ké-ûi（菓圍）
*Téng-liâu（頂寮）

## Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ ê iû-lâi sī in-ūi chá-kî chng lāi ū chin chē soa-lūn, só͘-í chng-thâu tō khí-tī soa-lūn tiong-ng ê ūi-tì, āu-lâi tō kiò-chòe**＂Lūn-lāi＂**. Kū tē-miâ kiò-chòe **Koaⁿ-chin cha̍p-peh-chng**, sī in-ūi chá-chêng soa-lūn lāi sì-kòe lóng sī **koaⁿ-chin**(菅蓁), siōng chē ê sî-chūn sīm-chì ū cha̍p-peh ê phō͘-lo̍k.

號名的由來是因為早期庄內有真濟沙崙，所以庄頭就起佇沙崙中間的位置，後來就叫做「崙內」。舊地名叫做**菅蓁十八庄**，是因為早前沙崙內四界攏是菅蓁，上濟的時陣甚至有十八个部落。

## chham-khó chu-liāu
Tn̂g-kang tû-chûn kong-si

**Tn̂g-kang tû-tsûn kho-ki iú-hān tsik-jīm kong-si** (hàn-gú: 長江儲存科技有限責任公司; ing-gú: Yangtze Memory Technology Corp, kán-tshing **Tn̂g-kang tû-tsûn kong-si** (YMTC)), sī tsi̍t-king tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Tiong-huâ jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok bu-hàn ê puànn-tō-thé tsè-tsō kong-si, tsú-iàu ê gia̍p-bū uî  (DRAM) kah  (NAND Flash) tsè-tsō.

Tn̂g-kang tû-tsû iû  kah  ha̍p-tsu, tī 2016-nî 12-gue̍h 21-ji̍t sîng-li̍p, tsù-tsheh tsu-pún ta̍t-kàu jîn-bîn-phiò 386 ik-guân. Tn̂g-kang tû-tsû kong-si sī  huat-khí tan-uī tsi-it, tsit-ê sán-gia̍p liân-bîng siū-tio̍h  (MIIT) tsí-tō, sio̍k-ú Tiong-kok kuann-hong kiàn-li̍p pún-thóo puànn-tō-thé sán-gia̍p phah-piànn ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (DRAM)
* (NAND Flash)
* (MIIT)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*Yangtze memory 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê tiān-chú kong-si
Té pò

**Té pò** (hàn-gú: 邸报; ing-gú: Dibao (ancient Chinese gazette)); koh kiò-tsò Té Tshau (邸抄), Tiâu pò (朝報), Tiâu pó (條報), Tsa̍p pó (雜報)) sī iōng teh Tiong-kok kok tiâu-tāi tiâu-tîng thong-pó ê tsi̍t-tsióng kong-kò-sìng ê sin-bûn pò-tsuá, tsuan-bûn iōng teh tiâu-tîng thuân-ti kong-sī ê bûn-su hām tsìng-tī tsìng-iàu ê sin-bûn bûn-tshau, siōng-tsá tshut-hiān teh Tiong-kok ê hân-tài. Té pò ê tsok-iōng siong-tong kin-á-ji̍t ê tsù-tsāi Pak-kiann ê sin-bûn ki-kòo, sī teh Tiong-iong tsìng-hú tiong-tshu pōo-mn̂g thóng-it kuán-lí tsi-hā huat-hîng. Té pò ê tiōng-tiám teh thuân-ta̍t tiâu-tsìng siau-sit, nā-sī thian-tsú ê tsiàu-thik (詔敕), sîn-liâu tsàu-gī (臣僚奏議) í-kip iú-kuan kuann-uân jīm-bián tiàu-tshian tíng-tíng, lóng-sī té-lī (邸吏) in  sóo su-iàu siu-tsi̍p tshau-lio̍k ê luē-iông.

İû-î Té pò siōng-tāi-sian sī-iû tiâu-tîng lāi-pōo thuân-tshau, liáu-āu tō tah--ê kiong-mn̂g, hōo ta̍k-ke thuân-tshau, "ia̍h hōo-siong thuân-pò, án-ne hông tsai-iánn tiâu-tsìng.", sóo-í koh kiò-tsò "kiong-mn̂g tshau" (宮門抄), "uân-mn̂g tshau" (轅門抄), si̍t-tsè siōng tio̍h-sī siōng-tsá ê tsi̍t-tsióng sin-bûn huat-pòo ê hong-sik.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
* (Sòng-pāi luī-tshau)
* (Tshing-pāi luī-tshau)
* (Iú-iông tsa̍p-tsú)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* https://books.google.com/books?id=9h8bAAAAMAAJ&q=Tipao+gazette&dq=Tipao+gazette&ei=k1X1R74UjOyOAc2N7LIC&pgis=1, *Canadian Library Journal*, 1992
* Mitchell Stephens, History of Newspapers For Collier's Encyclopedia* *
*歷史篇下冊備課講義第一二章 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok pò-khan-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok kó͘-tāi chèng-tī chè-tō͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Pò-gia̍p-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Chèng-hú kong-pò
Pidvysoke (Novoarkhanhelsk Koān)

**Pidvysoke** (Ukraina-gí: ) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Kirovohrad Chiu Novoarkhanhelsk Koān ê chng-thâu (*[[selo]]*).

## Chham-oa̍t
*Ukraina ê chng-thâu

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Kirovohrad Chiu ê chng-thâu
Pediatrics (kî-khan)

**Pediatrics (kî-khan)** (Sió-jî-kho (kî-khan); ing-gú: Pediatrics (journal)) sī-iû  tshut-pán ê  . Tī 1948-nî 1-gue̍h tshòng-khan-hō tang-tiong, tsit-ê kî-khan ê tē-1 jīm  Hugh McCulloch tshián-su̍t tsit-ê kî-khan ê guān-kíng: "Tsit-ê kî-khan ê luē-iông......tsong-tsí teh hâm-kài kui-ê gín-á teh sing-lí, sim-lí, tsîng-kám hong-bīn ê su-kiû hām . Suán-ti̍k "Pediatrics" (sió-jî-kho) tsit-ê sû lâi piáu-sī tsit-tsióng phóo-phiàn khuan-hông ê ì-tôo.

Tsū 1948-nî 1-gue̍h í-lâi,  liân-suà tshut-pán "Sió-jî-kho ha̍k". Kin-kì "" (Journal Citation Report), tsit-ê kî-khan 2020-nî ê  uî  7.124, teh "Sió-jî-kho ha̍k" luī-pia̍t ê 119-tsióng kî-khan tang-tiong pâi-miâ tē-4 miâ.

## Li̍k-jīm tsóng-pian-tsi̍p
*Pediatrics* li̍k-jîm  ju-hā sóo-sī:

*1948–1954 Hugh McCulloch
*1954–1961 Charles D. May
*1962–1974 Clement A. Smith
*1974–2009 Jerold F. Lucey
*2009 – bo̍k-tsiân Lewis First

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
* 
*Sin-thé-lí ê chóng-lūn
* Kong-iōng ê io̍h-hng
*i-io̍h ê chhiú-chheh

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*  

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-gí kî-khan
Tāi-sū tsiong

** Tāi-sū tsiong** (大事章) (; ) sī Kó͘-lân-keng ê tē-56 tsiong (surah).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* https://quran.com/al-waqiah

Lūi-pia̍t:Islam
Lūi-pia̍t:A-la-pek-gí
Chheng-hôa kán

**Tshing-huâ kán** (hàn-gú: 清華簡; ing-gú: Tsinghua Bamboo Slips) sī Tiong-kok Tshing-huâ tāi-ha̍k tī 2008-nî siu-bué ê tsiàn-kok sî-kî iōng ba̍k-tsuí siá teh tik-phi-á tíng-kuân ê Tiong-bûn bun-pún-tsi̍p. Tsia--ê hù-iú bûn-jī ê tik-phi-á sī thong-kuè hui-huat óo-tio̍h ê, khó-lîng sī Ôo-pak hi̍k-tsiá Ôo-lâm tē-khu ê tsi̍t-tsō bōo-tsòng, jiân-āu iû hāu-iú hi̍k-tit pīng kià-hù hōo tāi-ha̍k. Kuán-tsông ê pâng-tuā kui-bôo kah bûn-hiàn êha̍k-su̍t ì-gī hōo i tsiânn-tsò tsîng-kàu-tann uî-tsí Tiong-kok tsá-kî bûn-hiàn tang-tiong siong tiōng-iàu ê huat-hiān tsi-it.

Tī 2014-nî 1-gue̍h 7-ji̍t, Tsū-jiân kî-khan suan-pòo, Tiong-kok Tshing-huâ tāi-ha̍k ê tik-kán ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn  tāi-piáu si̍p-tsìn-tsè sîng-huat-pió sī "sè-kài siōng siong kóo-ló ê huān-lē".

## 10 tsìn-tsè sîng-huat-piáu

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

* 
* 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Kok-tiàm tshú-kán (郭店楚簡)
*Gîn-tsiok-san hàn-bōo (銀雀山漢墓)
*ngóo-tsa̍p tsóo (五雜組)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*清華簡《筮法》全文註解（附《別卦》） 清華簡《筮法》全文註解 
* 司馬遷未見過的《清華簡》 解開戰國時期2大歷史懸案 
*清華簡第十輯解開塵封：天文史、科技史價值不可估量 

Lūi-pia̍t:Kán-to̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok khó-kó͘ bûn-bu̍t

Lūi-pia̍t:Chheng-hôa tāi-ha̍k
Chek-ke̍k khòng-piān

**Tsik-ki̍k khòng-piān**  (ing-gú: affirmative defense; hân-gú: 積極抗辯; khak-jīn ê khòng-piān (確認的抗辯), khíng-tīng-sìng ê tah-piān (肯定性答辯); tsik-ki̍k ê tah-piān (積極的答辯)) teh îng-bí huat-hē lāi-té sī-tsí  hi̍k-tsiá hîng-sū ê tsí-khòng, sī tû-liáu  hi̍k-tsiá kiám-tshat-kuann sóo tsí-tshing ê sū-si̍t í-guā; ná iah-koh ū tsi̍t-tsoo sū-si̍t, king-kuè  tsìng-bîng, kiat-kó guân-kò-tsiá hi̍k-tsiá kiám-tshat-kuann ê kò-sòo sit-pāi, hi̍k-tsiá kiám-khin pī-kò ê hui-huat hîng-uî tsi huat-lu̍t tsuē-tsik ê khòng-piān uì-tsi. Teh  tang-tiong, tsik-ki̍k khòng-piān pau-kuat: tsà-khi hông-tsí-huat, khì-kuân, í-ki̍p kî-thann tsóo-khiok uî-huat sū-hāng; tsu-jû Bí-kok liân-pang bîn-sū sòo-siōng tîng-sū tē 8(c) tiâu sóo-lia̍t ê siau-bia̍t sî-hāu. Teh hîng-sū sòo-siōng-huat tang-tiong, tsik-ki̍k khòng-piān ê huān-lē tsik-sī tsìng-tong hông-uī, , , í-ki̍p  tíng-tíng.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Answer (law)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*肯定性答辯；積極的答辯 
*阻卻違法事由 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bîn-hoat
Bí-kok hái-kun chok-chiàn pō͘-tiúⁿ

**[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] tsok-tsiàn pōo-tiúnn** (ing-gú: chief of naval operations (**CNO**)) sī Bí-kok hái-kun ê tsuan-gia̍p hū-tsik-jîn. Bí-kok hái-kun tsok-tsiàn pōo-tiúnn tsit-ê tsit-uī sī tsi̍t-ê huat-tīng tsit-uī (10 U.S.C. § 8033), iû tsi̍t-miâ hái-kun  tam-jīm, i sī tsi̍t-miâ kun-sū kòo-būn hām  ê hù-tshiú. Tsò tsit-ê Tsham-bôo-tiúnn liân-si̍k huē-gī sîng-guân (10 U.S.C. § 151), CNO sī Kok-ka An-choân Ùi-oân-hōe, Kok-thó͘ An-choân Ùi-oân-hōe, Kok-hông Pō͘-tiúnn kah Chóng-thóng ê kun-sū kòo-būn. Hiān-jīm hái-kun tsok-tsiàn pōo-tiúnn sī hái-kun siōng-tsiòng .

Sui-bóng ū tsit-ê thâu-hâm, CNO pīng bô tuì hái-kun ê tsok-tsiàn tsí-hui-khuân. CNO sītsù teh Ngó͘-kak tōa-lâu ê hîng-tsìng tsit-uī,  jīm-bū sī tsò-uî hái-kun pōo-tiúnn ê tsí-tīng-jîn tuì hái-kun tsoo-tsit tsin-hing kàm-tok. Hái-kun ê tsok-tsiàn tsí-hui sio̍k-ú hiòng Kok-hông Pō͘-tiúnn pò-kò tsiàn-tàu tsí-hui-kuann ê  huān-uî.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*
*
*
* 
*
* 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
* (Hok-kèn-hō hâng-khong bú-kàm)
* (Sin-iú tsìng-pèn)
*Kong-iú léng-e̍k (kong-iú líng-i̍k/public domain)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Chief Naval Operations
*Office of the Chief of Naval Operations organization
WebAssembly

**WebAssembly** (ing-gú: WebAssembly; ū-tang-sî-á siá-tsò **Wasm**) uî ē-tàng  tīng-gī tsi̍t-tsióng ē-sái î-si̍t ê  tāi-bé kik-sik hām sio tuì-ìng ê bûn-pún kik-sik, í-ki̍p iōng-teh tshiok-tsìn tsit-luī tîng-sū kah i-ê siok-tsú khuân-kíng tsi-kan kau-hōo ê nńg-thé tsiap-kháu.

WebAssembly ê tsú-iàu bo̍k-piau sī teh bāng-ia̍h tíng-kuân khé-iōng ko sìng-lîng ìng-iōng tîng-sū, "M̄-kú WebAssembly bô-tsò jīm-hô ti̍k-tīng teh Web ê ká-siat hi̍k-tsiá thê-kiong ti̍k-tīng teh Web ê kong-lîng, in-tshú WebAssembly mā ē-tàng teh kî-thann khuân-kíng tang-tiong sú-iōng."WebAssembly sī tsi̍t-ê , i-ê bo̍k-piau tsú-iàu teh tsi-tshî jīm-hô tshau-tsok hē-thóng tíng-kuân ê jīm-hô gú-giân, pīng-tshiánn teh si̍t-tsiān tang-tiong, sóo-ū siong liû-hîng ê gú-giân lóng tsì-tsió kū-iú it-tīng thîng-tōo ê tsi-tshî.

WebAssembly tī 2015-nî suan-pòo pīng-tī 2017-nî 3-gue̍h thâu-tsi̍t-pái huat-pòo, tī 2019-nî 12-gue̍h 5-ji̍t tsiânn-tsò World Wide Web liân-bîng thui-tsiànpīng tī 2021-nî hi̍k-tit   ê pian-tîng gú-giân nńg-thtsióng.,  (W3C) teh Mozilla, Microsoft, Google, Apple, , Intel kah  ê kòng-hiàn tsi-hā uî-hōo tsit-ê .

## Kui-keh ti̍k-sik
### Tsú-ki khuân-kíng
#### Tāi-bé piáu-sī


```wat
(module
  (type $t0 (func (param i64) (result i64)))
  (func $f0 (type $t0) (param $p0 i64) (result i64)
    (if $I0 (result i64) ;; $I0 is an unused label name
      (i64.eqz
        (local.get $p0)) ;; the name $p0 is the same as 0 here
      (then
        (i64.const 1))
      (else
        (i64.mul
          (local.get $p0)
          (call $f0      ;; the name $f0 is the same as 0 here
            (i64.sub
              (local.get $p0)
              (i64.const 1))))))))
```


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

* (World Wide Web Consortium)
*
*
* (PNaCl)
*
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*  
* W3C Community Group 
* WebAssembly Design 
*  with info on browser compatibility and specifications (WebAssembly JavaScript API)
Lâng sio ta̍h

**Lâng sio ta̍h** sī lâng-tīn siūⁿ-kòe chiⁿ--ê sî khó-lêng ín-khí--ê sū-kò͘. Tī hit-hō lâng sio e--ê sî-chūn, nā-sī ū lâng pua̍h-tó, khah khuài hō piⁿ--á--ê lâng thún-ta̍h téng, chō-sêng chē-chē lâng chit-sek (窒息; tēⁿ-tio̍h khì-kńg, bōe chhoán-khùi), iah-sī kut-chi̍h téng--ê sū-kò͘. Tī Eng-gí hō-chò "" (ì-sù: kûn-chiòng pang--khì).
Ì-tô͘ (hoat-lu̍t)

**Ì-tôo (huat-lu̍t)** (tik-gú: Absicht, hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò **bo̍k-tik** ) sī  hîng-huat tang-tiong tsit-tsióng ti̍k-sû ê tsú-kuan kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn, tsûn-tsāi teh tsi̍t-kuá-á ti̍k-tīng ê huān-tsuē, kiò-tsò ì-tôo-huān hi̍k-tsiá bo̍k-ti̍k-huān. Teh kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn tsân-tshù tang-tiong, Ì-tôo sio̍k-ú tshiong-hun tiâu-kiānn jî-hui pit-iàu tiâu-kiānn. Îng-bí huat-hētang-tiong ê 的 "huān-tsuē ì-sik" (mens rea) sui-jiân iah-ē hông huan-i̍k tsò "huān-tsuē ì-tôo",  m̄-kù kah pún tiâu-bo̍k sóo kóng-tio̍h sī siong-ī ê khài-liām.

## Khài-suat
Teh hîng-huat-ha̍k tang-tiong, "kòo-ì" (dolus) sī teh kóng huān-tsuē hîng-uî-jîn tuì kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn sū-si̍t kū-pī "ti" kah", tio̍h-sî hîng-uî-jîn jīn-ti kàu tsuân-pōoê khik-kuan kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn pīng iú-ì lâi si̍t-hiān, tse tō sī kòo-sîng huān-tsuē ê pit-iàu tiâu-kiānn (tû-hui sī kuè-sit-huān); tsì-u "ì-tôo" (Absicht) tsik-sī teh bóo tsi̍t-kuá-á ti̍k-tīng huān-tsuē tang-tiong, li̍p-huat-tsiá tsiam-tuì hîng-uî-jîn tsi tōng-ki bo̍k-tik gia̍h-guā tsing-siat ê ti̍k-sû iàu-kiānn, bo̍k-ti̍k teh hān-sok huān-tsuē ê sîng-li̍p. Lióng-tsiá sui-jiân lóng sī tsú-kuan kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn iàu-sòo, m̄-kù tsiân-tsiá tshik-tiōng teh hîng-uî sū-si̍t ê jīn-ti tsân-bīn, hiō-tsiá tsikn thé-hiàn teh hîng-uî sóo beh si̍t-hiān ê bo̍k-ti̍k-sìng tsân-bīn. Jî ì-tôo-huān ê sîng-li̍p , tû-liáu pit-su kū-pī guân-pún ê kòo-ì tsi-guā, koh-tsài tông-sî buán-tsiok ti̍k-tīng ê huān-tsuē ì-tôo, kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn tio̍h kiò-tsò "kai-tong" (該當).

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

*: *Strafrecht. Allgemeiner Teil.* (Band 1). 3. Auflage. Beck Verlag, München 1997, ISBN 3-406-42507-0, S. 366–371. 
*, : *Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil.* C.F. Müller Verlag, Heidelberg, 41. Auflage, ISBN 978-3-8114-9822-8. 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Vorsatz (Recht)
*Mens rea
*Dolose Handlung (fraudulent act)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*意圖--Legispedia 
*意圖 - lawsWIK   
*本案例乃在闡釋故意，動機與意圖之區別 - Libra law center 
*意圖與動機―評最高法院九十六年台上字第五九八號判決 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tek-kok phó͘-thong hêng-hoat
Free Software Magazine

**Free Software Magazine** (ing-gú: Free Software Magazine, mā kiò-tsò **FSM**, siōng-thâu-á ê miâ-jī kiò-tsò The Open Voice; **[[Bián-chîⁿ|tsū-iû]] [[nńg-thé]] [[Cha̍p-chì|tsa̍p-tsì]]**) sī tsi̍t-ê bāng-tsām, FSM sóo tsè-tsok (thong-siông kiò-tsò siang gue̍h-khan) tsú-iàu lāi-iông uî bián-huì ê kuan-î tsū-iû nńg-thé ê .

FSM tī 2004-nî 11-gue̍h iû Australia-jîn Tony Mobily tshòng-pān, i sī TUX tsa̍p-tsì ê tsiân pian-tsi̍p, iû The Open Company Partners, Inc. (tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Bí-kok) tsàn-tsōo, pīng tsah-ū bián-huì ê tsa̍p-tsì nńg-thé sè-kài.

## Li̍k-sú
FSM siōng-thâu-á hōo i-ê tshòng-kiàn-tsiá siat-sióng tso tsi̍t-tsióng sú-iōng ìn-suat hām tiān-tsú keh-sik tshut-siū ê tsa̍p-tsì, i-ê  pí tāi-liōng sing-sán ê ìn-suat Linux tsa̍p-tsì khah kuân. Teh tsit-tsióng bôo-sik tsi-hā, bûn-tsiunn ìn-suat tshut-pán 6 lé-pài liáu-āu bián-huì hi̍k-tik hí-khó. Tō-tshiūnn  ê onLAMP.com sóo tsí-tshut ê, "ū kui-á-pún iu-siù ê tsa̍p-tsì hâm-kài Linux, m̄-kú in tsiam-tuì ê sī ti̍k-tīng ê Linux iōng-hōo tsí-tsi̍p, bô "Free Software Magazine" ê kóng-huàn siū-kuân."

Put-jî-kò, kuì-siàu ê ìn-suat hām  sîng-pún tì-sú tsit-pún tsa̍p-tsì tsuán-hiòng tsuan-kang thong-kuè PDF tsìn-hîng tiān-tsú tshut-pán.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
*
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bián-huì cha̍p-chì
FIM-92 Stinger

**FIM-92 Stinger** (ing-gú: FIM-92 Stinger; mā kiò-tsò **FIM-92 to̍k-tshì hông-khong [[tō-tān]]**) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok "piān-hê-sik hông-khong hē-thóng" (MANPADS), ē-tàng tsò âng-guā-suànn tui-tsong ê  (SAM). FIM-92 ē-sái sik-ìng uì kok-tsióg ê tē-bīn tshia-lióng tíng-kuân huat-siā, kah teh uì  ti̍t-sing-ki huat-siā ê "" (ATAS). FIM-92 tī 1981-nî tâu-ji̍p sú-iōng, pīng-hōo Bí-kok kah kî-thann 29-ê kok-ka ê kun-tuī sú-iōng. FIM-92 tsú-iàu iû  tsè-tsō, jî-tshiánn koh siū-kuân hōo Tik-kok  kah Türkiye  lâi sing-sán.

## Biâu-su̍t
FIM-92 Stinger sī tsi̍t-tsióng pī-tōng tē-tuì-khong tō-tān, ē-tàng iû tsi̍t-miâ tshau-tsok-guân king-kng huat-siā (sui-bóng piau-tsún kun-sū tîng-sū su-iàu nn̄g-miâ tshau-tsok-guân, tuī-tiúnn kah phàu-tshiú). FIM-92 Stinger tsú-iàu teh tshú-tāi  hē-thóng, tsú-iàu khu-pia̍t teh, kah Redeye bô kāng-khuán ê sī,  Stinger ē-tàng teh bo̍k-piau tsiap-kīn tshau-tsok-guân ê sî-tsūn tsang--tio̍h bo̍k-piau, tsiū-án-ni ū koh-khah tsē ê sî-kan lâi pōo-hi̍k hām tshui-huí bo̍k-piau. FIM-92B tō-tān mā ē-tàng uì M1097 Avenger kah M6 Linebacker lâi huat-siā. FIM-92 Stinger tō-tān iah ē-tàng teh Humvee Stinger ê keh-á tíng-kuân pòo-tah,pīng-tshiánn ē-tànghōo khong-kàng pōo-tuīsú-iōng. Mā-ū tsi̍t-tsióng kiò-tsò Stinger tō-tān (ATAS) ê ti̍t-sing-ki tíng-kuân huat-siā ê pán-pún .

## Sú-iōng-tsiá

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* : Stingers made under license by EADS.
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* : Part of a $4.25 billion AH-64E deal
* 
* 
* : 350 in service with the Pakistan Army.
* : In 2021 Portuguese Army acquired new missiles and sights.
* : Republic of China Marine Corps, Republic of China Army
* 
* 
* : Stingers made under license by ROKETSAN. 4,800+ Stinger missiles were supplied under "Stinger Air Defense Guided Missile System European Common Production Program". Additional 1,000 Stinger needs were identified in July 2000 and the deliveries were completed in 2003. 
*  UNITA
* : Lithuania and Latvia have transferred unknown quantities of Stinger missiles from their inventory to Ukraine after receiving an approval from the US State Department. The Netherlands will supply Ukraine with 200 Stinger missiles. Germany will supply 500 Stingers. On 16 March 2022, the US announced that an additional 800 Stinger missiles would be transferred, following an earlier transfer of over 600 missiles.
* 
* 

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k
*  

## Tsham-ua̍t
*FIM-43 Redeye
*Federation of American Scientists

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Raytheon (General Dynamics) FIM-92 Stinger – Designation Systems 
* Defense Update: Stinger VSHORAD Missile 
*  
* FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic at GlobalSecurity.org 
* FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic  at the Federation of American Scientists Military Analysis Network 

FIM092
Ayushiridara

**Ayushiridara** (Bông-kó͘-gí: , ), Bông-kó͘-gí chun-hō hō choè **Biligtü Khan** (), sī Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok ê khó-hān kap Pak Goân ê chi̍t ê hông-tè, 1370 nî kàu 1378 nî chāi-ūi. I ê Hàn-gí biō-hō sī **Goân Chiau-chong** (元昭宗).
Ariq Böke

**Ariq Böke** (Bông-kó͘-gí: , ) sī Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok ê chi̍t ê hông-tè kap khó-hān, 1259 nî kàu 1264 nî chāi-ūi.
JetBrains

**JetBrains s.r.o.** (tsiân-sin uī **IntelliJ Software s.r.o.**) sī tsi̍t-king Chesko nńg-thé  kong-si, uī nńg-thé khai-huat jîn-guân hām kè-uē king-lí thê-kiong kang-kū. Tsia̍t-tsí 2022-nî, kong-si teh Praha; Munich; Berlin; Boston; Massachusetts; Amsterdam; California tsiu Foster tshī; New Jersey tsiu Marlton tshī; kah Siōng-hái tíng-tíng tē-khu siat-iú pān-sū-tshù.

JetBrains kong-si uī pian-tîng gú-giân Java, , , Ruby, Python, PHP, C, Objective-C, C++, C#, F#, Go, JavaScript hām ti̍k-tīng líng-i̍k gú-giân thê-kiong Tsi̍p-sîng khai-huat khuân-kíng (IDE) SQL. JetBrains kong-si tī 2011-nî tshòng-kiàn ē-tàng teh  (JVM) tang-tiong ūn-hîng ê Kotlin pian-tînggú-giân.

 tsa̍p-tsì tī 2011-nî hām 2015 --nî siū-ú tsit-ê kong-si "Nî-tōo ki-sut tsióng".

## Sán-phín
### IDE
I-hā sī JetBrains huat-pòo ê Tsi̍p-sîng khai-huat khuân-kíng (IDE) ê m̄-sī tsiânn siông-sè ê tshing-tuann.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 
*Dr. Dobb's-Good stuff for serious developers: Programming Tools, Code, C++, Java, HTML5, Cloud, Mobile, Testing
Ta Ha tsiong

**Ta Ha tsiong** (塔哈章)  (; ) sī Kó͘-lân-keng ê tē-20 tsiong (surah).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* https://quran.com/taha

Lūi-pia̍t:Islam
Lūi-pia̍t:A-la-pek-gí
Charles Schwab kong-si

**Charles Schwab [[kong-si]]** (ing-gú: Charles Schwab Corporation) sī tsi̍t-king Bí-kok khua-kok . Charles Schwab  uī sió-bē hām ki-kòo kheh-hōo thê-kiong gîn-hâng, siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng, tâu-tsu kah siong-kuan ho̍k-bū, pau-kuat tsu-sûn hām tsâi-hù kuán-lí stsu-sûn ho̍k-bū. Charles Schwab ióng-iú 360 guā-kíng hun-ki ki-kòo, tsú-iàu hun-pòo teh Bí-kok hām Ing-kok ê kim-iông tiong-sim. Charles Schwab  sī Bí-kok tē-7 tuā gîn-hâng ki-kòo, kheh-hōo tsu-sán tshiau-kuè 8.5 bān-ik bí-guân. Tsia̍t-tsí 2022-nî 2-gue̍h 7-ji̍t, Charles Schwab ióng-iú 2900 bān tshio-tiô king-kí kháu-tsō, 210 bān khì-gia̍p thè-hiu kè-uē tsham-ú-tsiá, 150 bān gîn-hâng hōo-thâu hām 8.5 bān-ik bí-guân ê kheh-hōo tsu-sán. Charles Schwab sîng-li̍p teh California tsiu San Francisco, tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Texas tsiu Westlake.

Charles Schwab kong-si tī 1971-nî iû kāng-miâ ê  sóo tshòng-li̍p, tsiân-sin uî Charles Schwab & Co., Charles Schwab kong-si lī-iōng 1970 nî-tāi pàng-sang kim-iông kuán-tsè ê hong-huat khai-tshòng kóo-kuân tsìng-kuàn ê tsiat-khàu siau-siū. Teh California tsiu Sacramento khai-siat kî-kàm-tiàm liáu-āu, tsit-ê gîn-hâng tī  uī tsit-ê gîn-hâng teh ki-su̍t, tsū-tōng-huà hām sòo-kì kì-lio̍k pó-tsûn hong-bīn ê tâu-tsu thê-kiong tsu-kim tsìn-tsîng khok-tián kàu Seattle. Tē-2 ê tsuân thinn-hāu ting-tuā su-ji̍p hām pò-kè ê ho̍k-bū, Charles Schwab tī 1983-nî hōo  iōng 5500 bān bí-guân ê kè-siàu siu-kòo. Sann-nî liáu-āu, tsit-ê gîn-hâng bián-huì  ê îng-lī lîng-lik tshiok-sú tshòng-sí-jîn í 2.8 ik bí-guân ê kè-siàu huê-kòo i-ê kong-si.

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* Cronin, Mary J. *Banking and Finance on the Internet* (John Wiley & Sons, 1998). online
* Ingham, John N., and Lynne B. Feldman. *Contemporary American business leaders: a biographical dictionary* (Greenwood, 1990). pp 566–71.
* Kador, John. *Charles Schwab: How one company beat Wall Street and reinvented the brokerage industry* (John Wiley & Sons, 2002).excerpt
* Silver, A. David. *Entrepreneurial Megabucks: The 100 Greatest Entrepreneurs of the Last 25 Years* (1985).
* Willis, Rod. "Charles Schwab: High-Tech Horatio Alger?" *Management Review* (Sept. 1986) 75#9 pp.&nbsp;17–20.

## Tsham-ua̍t

*List of asset management firms
*Fortune (magazine)
*Business Wire
*Los Angeles Times
*S&P 500
*Los Angeles Times
*S&P 100
*Business Wire
*Fortune (magazine)
*Scottrade
*TD Ameritrade Network
*TD Ameritrade
*CBS Building

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 
 

Lūi-pia̍t:NYSE chiūⁿ-chhī kong-si
Chi̍p-sêng khai-hoat khoân-kéng

**Tsi̍p-sîng khai-huat khuân-kíng** (ing-gú: integrated development environment (**IDE**); **tsíng-ha̍p khai-huat khuân-kíng**) sī tsi̍t-tsióng nńg-thé ìng-iōng tîng-sū, ē-tàng uī tiān-náu tîng-sū-su thê-kiong tsuân-bīn ê nńg-thé khai-huat siat-si. IDE thong-siông tsì-tsió pau-kuat tsi̍t-ê guân-tāi-bé pian-tsi̍p-khì, kiàn-kòo tsū-tōng-huà kang-kū kah tsi̍t-ê . Tsi̍t-kuá IDE, pí-jû NetBeans kah Eclipse, pau-kuat pit-iàu ê pian-tsi̍p-khì, ti̍t-i̍k-khì, hi̍k-tsiá nn̄g-tsióng lóng-ū; kî-thann ê IDE, pí-jû  hām , tio̍h m̄ sī tsit-khuán hîng.

IDE kah koh-khah kóng-huàn ê nńg-thé khai-huat khuân-kíng ê kî-thann pōo-hūn tsi-kan ê pian-kài bô bîng-khak ê tīng-gī; ū-tang-sî-á ē tsíng-ha̍p pán-pún khòng-tsè hē-thóng hi̍k-tsiá kok-tsióng kang-kū lâi kán-huà tôo-hîng iōng-hōo kài-bīn (GUI) ê kòo-kiàn. Tsiânn-tsē hiān-tāi IDE iah-koh kū-iú ,  kah luī tsân-tshù-tôo (class hierarchy diagram), iōng teh bīn-hiòng tuì-siōng ê nńg-thé khai-huat.

## Khài-su̍t

Tsíng-ha̍p khai-huat khuân-kíng tsú-iàu teh thong-kuè thê-kiong kū-iú sio-siâng iōng-hōo kài-bīn ê kín-bi̍t tsoo-kiānn lâi siōng-tuā hān-tōo teh thê-ko tîng-sū-guân ê sing-sán-li̍k. IDE thê-kiong tsi̍t-ê ē-tàng uân-sîng sóo-ū khai-huat ê tîng-sū. Tsit-ê tîng-sū thong-siông uī tshòng-tsok, siu-kái, pian-i̍k, pōo-sú kah tû-tshònńg-thé thê-kiong tsiann-tsē kong-lîng.Tse kah sú-iōng bô siong-kuan kang-kū (pí-jû vi, GDB, GCC hi̍k-tsiá make) tsìn-hîng nńg-thé khai-huat hîng-sîng sian-bîng tuì-pí.

IDE ê tsi̍t-ê bo̍k-tik sī kiám-tsió khîng-tàu tsē-ê khai-huat si̍t-iōng tîng-sū sóo su-iàu ê phuè-tì. Sio-tùi-hoán, IDE thê-kiong kah tsi̍t-ê lāi-tsū tan-guân sio-kâng ê tsi̍t-tsoo kong-lîng. Kiám-tsió siat-tì sî-kan ē-tàng thê-ko khai-huat jîn-guân ê kang-tsok hāu-lu̍t, iû-kî sī teh ha̍k-si̍p sú-iōng IDE pí tshiú-tōng tsíng-ha̍p hām ha̍k-si̍p sóo-ū tan-it kang-kū ê tsîng-hóng tsi-hā. Sóo-ū khai-huat jīm-bū ê koh-khah kín-bi̍t ê tsíng-ha̍p ū khó-lîng thê-ko tsíng-thé sing-sán-li̍k, lî-tshiánn m̄ sī kan-na pang-tsōo uân-sîng siat-tì jīm-bū. Pí-jû, ē-tàng teh pian-tsi̍p tāi-bé ê sî-tsūn liân-suà kái-sik tāi-bé; teh ín-ji̍p gú-huat tshò-gōo ê sî-tsūn thê-kiong tsik-sî huê-kuī, tsiū-án-ni ún-tsún khai-huat jîn-guân sú-iōng IDE koh-khah kín, koh-khah khin-sang lâi tû-tshò tāi-bé.

Ū tsi̍t-kuá-á IDE tsuan-iōng teh ti̍k-tīng ê pian-tîng gú-giân. Ún-tsún kah tsit-ê gú-giân ê pian-tîng huān-sik siong sì-thīn ê kong-lîng-tsi̍p. M̄-kù, ū tsiann-tsē tiān-náu gú-giân ê IDE.

Sui-jiân tuā-to-sòo hiān-tāi IDE lóng-sī tôo-hîng-huà ê, m̄-kù teh Microsoft Windows hām  (X11) tíng-tíng ê tshong-kháu hē-thóng tshut-hiān tsi-tsîng,  tíng-tíng khiā-tī bûn-pún ê IDE tō í-king liû-hîng khí-lâi. Ta̍k-ke thong-siông sú-iōng kong-lîng-kiàn hi̍k-tsiá jiat-á-kiàn lâi tsip-hîng tiān-tiān iōng ê khòng-tsè tsí-līng hi̍k-tsiá kū-tsi̍p tsí-līng.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* Rehman, Christopher Paul, Christopher R. Paul. «The Linux Development Platform: Configuring, Using and Maintaining a Complete Programming Environment». 2002. ISBN 0-13-009115-4 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*computerwoche 
*jetbrains 

*
Hong-thai Noru (2022 nî)

**Hong-thai Noru** () sī 2022 nî Thài-pêng-iûⁿ hong-thai tē-sì ê hong-thai. "Noru" () sī Hân-kok-gí ê sû, iû Hân-kok thê-kiong, ì-sù sī "capreolus pygargus". Che hong-thai choè kē khì-ap sī 940 hPa, sùn-kan choè toā tīn-hong ê hong-sok sī 260 km/h.
Go (pian-têng gú-giân)

**Go (pian-tîng gú-giân)** (ing-gú: Go (programming language)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsīng-thài luī-hîng ê pian-i̍k pian-tîng gú-giân, iû Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike kah Ken Thompson teh Google sóo siat-kè. Go teh gú-huat siōng luī-sū C, m̄-koh kū-iú lāi-tsûn an-tsuân, pùn-sò siu-tsi̍p, kiat-kòo luī-hîng, kah CSP hong-keh ê pīng-huat-sìng. Go thong-siông hông kiò-tsò Golang, in-uī Go í-tsîng ê i̍k-miâ sī golang.org, m̄-kú Go ê tsìng-khak bîng-tshing sī Go.

Ū nn̄g-ê tsú-iàu ê si̍t-hiān:

*Google ê tsū thok-kuán "gc" pian-i̍k-khì kang-kū-liān, tsiam-tuì tsiann-tsē tshau-tsok hē-thóng kah WebAssembly.
*gofrontend, kî-thann pian-i̍k-khìê tsiân-tuan, tsah-ū libgo khòo. tuì-î , tsoo-ha̍p sī gccgo; tuì-î LLVM, tsoo-ha̍p sī gollvm.

Tē-3 hong guân-kàu-guân pian-i̍k-khì GopherJS, kā Go pian-i̍k tsò JavaScript í-lâi tsìn-hîng tsiân-tuan Web khai-huat.

## Li̍k-sú
### Pán-pún khòng-tsè
Tsi-tshî ta̍k-ê tsú-iàu ê Go gú-giân pán-pún, it-tit-kàu ū nn̄g-ê koh-khah sin-ê tsú-iàu pán-pún.

## Tsù-sik

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* 
* 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Addison-Wesley
*List of programming languages
*Communicating sequential processes
*Visual Studio Code

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*  
*從程式語言層級確保記憶體安全，不只美國NSA建議，今年Prossimo專案也在推動 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok hoat-bêng

Lūi-pia̍t:Khuà pêng-tâi bián-huì nńg-thé
Lūi-pia̍t:Khuà pêng-tâi nńg-thé

Lūi-pia̍t:Google ê nńg-thé

Lūi-pia̍t:Thêng-sek gí-giân
Lí Bûn-gî

**Lí Bûn-gî** (hàn-gú: 李文儀; 1978-nî 9-gue̍h 30-ji̍t - ), Tâi-uân , tsú-tshî-jîn, ; uì Ing-kok  pit-gia̍p hi̍k-tit ha̍k-īnn kok-tsè kong-kiōng tsìng-tshik . Pat ho̍k-bū teh Tiong-kok sî-pò, , . TĪ 2017-nî 6-gue̍h 1-ji̍t tsiânn-tsò Sam-li̍p iNEWS tâi, "iNEWS siong-tsìng àm-pò" (iNEWS最正晚報) tsú-pò. TĪ 2018-nî 9-gue̍h tsuán-jīm kāng-tsi̍p-thuân ê , pat tsò-kué àm-sî 8-tiám sin-bûn sî-tuānn "Sin-bûn tshim一tōo" (新聞深一度) tsú-pò. Hiān-tsú-sî tam-jīm Sam-li̍p sin-bûn-tâi "Tsìng-góo sin-bûn" (正午新聞) tsú-pò, í-ki̍p "Siau-sit ê kok-kài" ê tsú-tshî-jîn.

## Sing-pîng
Uì sè-hàn Lí Bûn-gî tio̍h li̍p-tsì tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-ê sin-bûn-jîn. Tāi-ha̍k suán-ti̍k khì-tha̍k kok-li̍p tsìng-tī tāi-ha̍k sin-bûn-hē, m̄-kù i pat thán-pi̍k kóng-kuè "tsú-pò khang-khuè guân-pún bô teh jîn-sing ê kui-uē lāi-té". In-tshú pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, suán-ti̍k tsìn-ji̍p Tiong-kok sî-pò tam-jīm pò-siā kì-tsiá, tshái-hóng tsìng-tī lōo-suànn iú-kuan ê sin-bûn pò-tō. Liáu-āu teh in-iân tsè-huē tsi-hā, tsìn-ji̍p  kah  tam-jīm .

## Bat tsú-tshî kuè ê ua̍h-tāng
*Tâi-pak kok-tsè su-tián ua̍t-to̍k tāi-sài (台北國際書展閱讀大使).
*Thiann-ò ki-kim-huē tshòng-ì tsè-tsok pōo tsiau-tsi̍p jîn (聽奧基金會創意製作部召集人).

## Ka-tso̍k
Lāu-pē Lí Khé-sìng (李啟聖) sī siōng-hāu kun-kai  thè-hiu. A-kong  sī Tiong-hua bîn-kok kok-kun tsiòng-líng, Lí Ūn-sîng pat tam-jīm-kuè  siōng-tsiòng hù-su-līng.

Lí Bûn-gî bo̍k-tsiân bī-hun. I bat thàu-lōo pē-bú ū tsi̍t-tsām-á ū-teh kā tshui kiò i khah-kín kiat-hun; m̄-ko i jīn-uî "iân-hūn nā-kàu, tio̍h-ē tú-tio̍h ū-iân--ê, án-ne tō-ē kiat-hun.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
*
*

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:1978 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:Chāi-sè jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Lí--sī
Mandar-gú

**Mandar-gú** (mā kiò-tsò Andian-gú, Manjar-gú, Mandharsche-gú) sī tuà teh Ìn-nî Se Sulawesi síng ê  sóo sú-iōng ê lâm-tó gú-giân, ti̍k-pia̍t sī hun-pòo teh Majene Koān kah Polewali Mandar Koān ê iân-hái liap-tsìng-khu í-ki̍p Pangkep tó-siōng ê tsi̍t-kuá tsū-lo̍h (mā hông kiò-tsò Spermonde kûn-tó) kah Ujung Lero, ParePare tshī hù-kīn ê tsi̍t-ê sió puànn-tó.

Mandar-gú sī-iōng  su-siá Mandar-jîn in ka-kī ê bûn-jī.

 kah tuà-teh  Lâm Sulawesi ê kî-thann sann-ê kûn-thé bi̍t-tshiat siong-kuan; tsit sann-ê kûn-thé sī Bugis, Makassar kah Toraja.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
*
*Ethnologue

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* Mandar alphabet and pronunciation at *Omniglot*
*Lontara scrip - Buginese
Liông-sîn Kiat-sî

***Liông-sîn Kiat-sî*** (良辰吉時) sī Tâi-oân CATCHPLAY+ ê tiān-sī-kio̍k‎ î 2022 nî 3 go̍eh 27 kàu chì 2022 nî 4 go̍eh 24 ji̍t pò͘-chhut ê liân-sio̍k-kio̍k.

## Cheng-gī
Chit chhut hì ê chú-tê-khek *I Promise* siū Tē 57 Kài Kim-cheng-chióng ê khún-tēng, tek tio̍h Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng. Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng mā sī tī hit kài Kim-cheng-chióng thâu 1 pái siat ê chióng-lūi. Tio̍h chióng liáu-āu, soah hông hoat-hiān chit tiâu koa-khek si̍t-chè siōng sī 2021 nî Tāi-kah Má-chó͘ Sûn-kéng ê khai-bō͘ koa-khek. M̄-sī ūi pún hì-chhut só͘ choh ê koa-khek. Keng-kòe kúi-ā-ji̍t ê tiau-cha, Bûn-hòa-pō͘ jīn-tēng *I Promise* chit tiâu koa-khek khak-si̍t sī iû "Tāi-kah Má-chó͘ Sûn-kéng" só͘ iōng ê koa lâi kái-pian. In-ūi án-ne bô hû-ha̍p Kim-cheng-chióng ê chióng-lē iàu-tiám: Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng èng-tong ài sī ūi bó͘ hì-chhut a̍h-sī mini hì-kio̍k lâi chhòng-chok ê choân-sin chok-phín. Só͘-í bóe-á Bûn-hòa-pō͘ kong-kò, kái kā Chú-tê Koa-khek Chióng pan hō͘ *Sio̍k-lú Ióng-sêng Kì 2* ê hì-kio̍k koa-khek *Ô-á Mī-sòaⁿ*.

## Chham-khó Chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân iáⁿ-chi̍p‎
Vim (bûn-pún pian-chi̍p-khì)

**Vim ()** (Vim /vɪm/; Vi IMproved ê sok-siá; ing-gú: Vim (text editor)) sī tsi̍t-ê bián-huì ê, khui-guân ê,  kki-î îng-bōo ê bûn-pún pian-tsi̍p-khì tîng-sū. Vim sī Bill Joy ê vi tsi kái-tsìn . Vim ê tsok-tsiá Bram Moolenaar uì iōng teh Amiga ê Stevie pian-tsi̍p-khì ê tsi̍t-ê pookháu phài-senn Vim, koh tī 1991-nî hiòng kong-tsiok huat-pòo tsi̍t-ê pán-pún. Vim siat-kè iōng teh uì bīng-līng hâng kah tsok-uî tôo-hîng tang-tiong ê to̍k-li̍p ìng-iōng tîng-sū sú-iōng iōng-hōo kài-bīn.

Tsū-tsiông Amiga huat-pòo í-lâi,  khai-huat hōo i ē-tàng iōng teh tsiann-tsē kî-thann hē-thóng. Tī 2006-nî, Vim hông suán-tsò   to̍k-tsiá tang-tiong siong-siū huan-gîng ê pian-tsi̍p-khì; 2015-nî Stack Overflow khai-huat jîn-guân tiâu-tsa huat-hiān Vim sī tē-3 siū huan-gîng ê bûn-pún pian-tsi̍p-khì, káh  2019-nî tē-5 siū huan-gîng ê khai-huat khuân-kíng.

## Li̍k-sú
Vim ê tsiân-sin  iû Tim Thompson tī 1987-nî uî  tshòng-kiàn, pīng-iû Tony Andrews  hām G.R. tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo khai-huat. (Fred) Walter.

Khiā tī Stevie ê kang-tsok siōng,  tī 1988-nî khai-sí uī  kè-sǹg-ki khai-huat Vim, pīng-tī 1991-nî thâu-tsi̍t-pái kong-khai huat-pòo (Vim v1.14).

Teh thâu-tsi̍t-pái huat-pòo ê sî-tsūn, miâ-tshing kiò-tsò "Vim" sī "Vi IMitation" thâu jī-bó ê sok-siá, m̄-kù tī 1993 nî-bua̍t kái-miâ tsò  "'Vi IMproved".

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

*Steve Oualline, Vi IMproved, Vim, Indianapolis, Ind, New Riders, 2001, 572 p. (ISBN 978-0-7357-1001-6, OCLC 48038134). 
*Elbert Hannah, Linda Lamb et Arnold Robbins, Learning the Vi and Vim Editors, O'Reilly, 2008, 7e éd., 470 p. 
*Drew Neil, Practical Vim : Edit Text at the Speed of Thought, The Pragmatic Programmers, 2015, 320 p. (ISBN 978-1-68050-127-8) 
*Kim Schulz, Hacking Vim : a cookbook to get the most out of the latest Vim editor, Birmingham England, Packt Pub, 2007, 213 p. (ISBN 978-1-84719-094-9). 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*
*
*Usenet
*Usenet newsgroup

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*  
*  

Lūi-pia̍t:Khuà pêng-tâi bián-huì nńg-thé
Luqman tsiong

**Luqman tsiong** (; ) sī Kó͘-lân-keng ê tē-31 tsiong (surah).

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

* https://quran.com/luqman

Lūi-pia̍t:Quran
Tsh (sam-ha̍p jī-bió)

**Tsh ()**  (sió-siá sī tsh; ing-gú: tsh (trigramme)) sī lating jī-bió ê sam-guân-tsoo iû tsi̍t-ê T, tsi̍t-ê S, kah tsi̍t-ê H tsit sann-ê jī-bó sóo tsoo-sîng e̊.

## Im-ti̍k piáu-sī
⟨Tsh⟩ ê im-ti̍k it-puann iōng piáu-sī tsò tshing khí-gûn sat-tshat-im ⟨ts⟩ ê ⟨ʰ⟩, tsiânn-tsò /tsʰ/.

## Kok gú-giân ê im-ti̍k piáu-sī
⟨Tsh⟩ sam-ha̍p jī-bió hōo kok-tsióng Hui-tsiu gú-giân teh kok-tsè im-piau lāi-té iōng /t͡ʃ/ piáu-sī tshing kok-gûn sat-tshat-im ⟨Tsh⟩ iōng teh kok-tsióng gú-giân, pí-jû kok-tsióng gú-giân, pí-jû , iōng teh sàng-khì sat-im /tsʰ/. Iōng teh siá  ê Lô-má-huà liû-hîng jī-bó tang-tiong tāi-piáu im-ti̍t /tʂʰ/. Teh  lāi-té, ē-tàng iōng-lâi siá Xhosa-gú, kî-tiong ē-tàng iōng-lâi siá /tsʰ/, /tʃʼ/ hi̍k-tsiá /tʃʰ/, m̄-kú ū-tang-sî-á kan-na hān-tsè teh /tʃʼ/, kî-tiong /tsʰ/ hām /tʃʰ/ khu-hun tsò ⟨ths⟩ hām ⟨thsh⟩. ⟨Tsh⟩ teh tâi-lô kah pe̍h-uē-jī tang-tiong sī teh tāi-piáu /t͡sʰ/, pí-jû /Tshī/.

## Kè-sǹg-ki piáu-sī
Kah tsi̍t-kuá-á jī-ha̍p jī-bió bô kâng tio̍h-sī, bô kā Tsh pian-bé tsò tan-it ê jī-hû. ⟨Tsh⟩ tō sī iû jī-bió /T/, /S/ hām /H/ tsit sann-ê jī-bió sóo sóo tsoo-sîng e̊.

*jī-bió kiat-kòo hun-kái (ki-pún lating jī-bió):

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Tsham-ua̍t

* (sam-ha̍p jī-bió/Trigraph (orthography))
* (Lettres supplémentaires de l'alphabet latin)
*Trigram
*n-gram
*Tetragraph
*Pentagraph
*Hexagraph

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*  
*  

Lūi-pia̍t:Lating bûn-jī sam-ha̍p jī-bió
Chō͘-sêng kòe-sit

**Tsōo-sîng kuè-sit** (ing-gú: contributory negligence; hàn-gú: 助成過失; ū-iú kuè-sit (與有過失),hūn-ha̍p kuè-sit (混合過失), hūn-ha̍p kuè-tshò (混合過錯), kiōng-tông kuè-sit (共同過失), kià-ú kuè-sit (寄與過失), kiōng-tông soo-hut (共同疏忽), hōo-iú soo-hut (互有疏忽), kiōng-hun soo-hut (共分疏忽), hun-thn̄g soo-hut (分搪疏忽), tsū-phiah soo-hut (自避疏忽), pōo-hūn soo-hut (部分疏忽), tshiok-sîng soo-hut (促成疏忽), tshiok-sîng ê kuè-sit (促成的過失), tsōo-sîng soo-hut (助成疏忽), kuè-sit siong-té guân-tsik (過失相抵原則), khó kui-tsik î-kī ê kuè-sit (可歸責於己的過失); *when the plaintiff's actions contributed to his own injury*) teh îng-bí huat-hē ê su-huat kuán-hat thong-siông sī khiā tī kuè-sit (soo-hut) jî uî puê-siông tsi piān-hōo; tse iah-sī tsi̍t-tsióng tshim-kuân ê hîng-uî. Tsit-ê guân-lí kah khak-tīng tsik-jīm iú-kuan, pīng-tshiánn tong-sî  tsik-sī "sok-puê hong" (索賠方), iû-î in ê soo-hut tsō-sîng in ka-kī tso-siū sún-hāi ê sî-tsūn sik-iōng. Teh bóo-mih su-huat kuán-hat lāi-té, tuì tuì-tio̍h tsōo-sîng kuè-sit, huat-īnn ē-sái khuànn-tsò tshim-kuân hîng-uî jî-lâi sik-iōng, bô-lūn sī--bô hông tshíng-kiû tsò-uî piān-hōo ê lí-iû.

Tsōo-sîng kuè-sit ê piān-hōo ū khó-lîng siau-tû pī-kò siū-sún ê guân-kò tsi-hù sún-hāi puê-siông ê tsik-jīm. Pí-jû, tsi̍t-ê kuè-lōo-lâng in-uī bô tsim-tsiok tsù-ì lōo-siōng siang-pîng lâi ê tshia-lióng jî-lâi tshǹg-kuè tsi̍t-tiâu bé-lōo, suah hōo tsi̍t-ê mā sī bô tsim-tsiok tsù-ì teh tshǹg-kuè tshia-lōo kuè-lōo-lâng ê kà-sú sóo-lâi lòng-tio̍h Iû-î tshǹg-kuè tshia-tō ê kuè-lōo-lâng mā sī tsōo-sîng tsit-ê sū-kòo, sóo-í kuè-lōo-lâng khó-lîng bô-huat-tōo ē-tàng uì tsit-ê sū-kòo ê kà-sú (hi̍k-tsiá pó-hiám kong-si) tit-tio̍h tsuân-bīn hue-ho̍k guân-tsōng ê sún-hāi puê-siông-kim. In-uī in (kà-sú hām kuè-lōo-lâng) jû-kó nā ē-tàng pó-tshî sik-tòng lâi tsù-ì tō-lōo ê kau-thong tsîng-hóng. sū-kòo tō bô-i-siann ū khó-lîng ē huat-sing Līng-guā tsi̍t-ê tsōo-sîng kuè-sit ê àn-lē tō-sī: ,teh bóo tsi̍t-ê ua̍h-tāng tang-tiong, guân-kò pún-lâng ing-kai tsù-ì tsiâm-tsāi ê huî-hiám suah bô-i tsha̍p kíng-kò, hi̍k-tsiá bô-lâi uī ka-kī ê an-tsuân tshái-tshú ha̍p-lí ê hông-huān pōo-sòo; tsū-án-ne teh i ka-kī tsiap lo̍h-lâi ê ua̍h-tāng lāi-té, guân-kòtō pit-su sîng-tam it-tīng thîng-tōo ê hong-hiám. Pí-jû, siūnn-kóng teh tshián-tsuí lāi-té tshàng-tsuí-bī, tō ē-tàng bô sū-sian thàm-tshâ tsuí-tshim, í-ki̍p tsuí-té ê kî-thann tsîng-hóng.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*中華民國最高法院民事判決『最高法院107年度台上字第773號判決』http://www.angle.com.tw/news/post27.aspx?ip=3062 。 

## Tsham-ua̍t

* (Au-lio̍k huat-hē/Civil law (legal system))
*Defamation
*Injunction
* (Black huat-lu̍t sû-tén/Black's Law Dictionary)
*last-clear-chance doctrine

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* Worldlii links to resources on the subject of damages 
* 混合過錯；混合過失；助成過失 
* 美国统一州法委员会《统一比较过错法案》（1979修订版） 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-suat hām goân-chek
Bô-jîn chuí-hā chài-kū

**Bû-jîn chúi-hā chài-kū** (eng-gú: unmanned underwater vehicles (**UUV**), mā kiò-chò **bû-jîn [[Chǹg-chúi-théng|chiâm-hâng-khì]]** he̍k-chiá **chúi-té bû-jîn-ki** (underwater drones)) hoān-chí tī-teh chúi-bīn hā ê bû-jîn kà-sú chài-kū. Chú-iàu ē-tàng hun-chò nn̄g lūi, it-lūi sī su-iàu jîn-lūi chhau-chok ê "iâu-khòng chiâm-chúi-khì" (remotely operated underwater vehicles, ROVs), ROV sú-iōng chi̍t-tiâu pau-kó ū tâng-sòaⁿ kah kong-chhiam ê kè-sîn (tether) kah kang-chok bó-chûn liân-chiap; chhau-chok-chiá ē-tàng chek-sî thoân-tē bēng-lēng hō͘ chài-kū. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-lūi sī bô kè-sîn, ē-tàng to̍k-li̍p chiàu sū-chêng ê siat-tēng kang-chok, bô su-iàu jîn-lūi iâu-khòng ê "chū-chú chúi-hā chài-kū" (autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)); koh-lâi AUV sio̍k-î ke-khì-lâng ê chi̍t-chióng. Bo̍k-chiân siong-gia̍p siōng kóng-hoàn sú-iōng ê sī ROV, AUV tōa-to-sò͘ iōng tī-teh kho-ha̍k gián-kiù kah kun-sū hong-bīn. (Chit phiⁿ sī ū lâng ēng hoan-e̍k ke-si o͘-pe̍h iōng--ê.)

## Chù-kái

## Chham-oa̍t

*Elbit Systems
*Elbit Skylark
*Elbit Hermes 900
*Elbit Hermes 450
*E-LynX
*Silver Marlin

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Russia Says It's Working on a Drone That Can Imitate Any Submarine - ''The Surrogat'' - Saint 
* TWINBOT project
* GIRONA500