open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lāi Gōa Kho Khàn-hō͘-ha̍k

***Lāi Gōa Kho Khàn-hō͘-ha̍k*** sī Sin-lâu I-koán ê i-seng George Gushue-Taylor kap chō͘-chhiú Tân Toā-lô pian-siá, tī 1917 nî Sin-lâu Chheh-pâng chhut-pán ê i-ha̍k-su.

## Chham-khó ê chu-liāu
Lōe-iông ê ki-chhó͘ sī M.N. Oxford ê khàn-hō͘-ha̍k chhiú-pún *A Handbook of Nursing* kap Cheng Bō͘-hong tùi hit pún chheh ê Hôa-bûn hoan-e̍k *Giû-tin Hō͘-lí Chhiú-chheh* (牛津護理手冊); lēng-gōa koh ū kî-tha Eng-kok, Ka-ná-tah, Tiong-kok kap Ji̍t-pún lâi-goân ê chu-liāu, pau-koat Ji̍t-pún Dr. Onda, kap P.B. Cousland ê sû-tián *I-ha̍k Iōng-gí Jī-lūi* (*Lexicon of Medical Terms*).

## Chhut-pán
Pún chheh tī 1917 nî 10 goe̍h 5 ji̍t ùi Ji̍t-pún ê Yokohama iû Hok-im Ìn-soat Ha̍p-chu Hōe-siā ìn-soat goân-sêng, 10 goe̍h 8 ji̍t tī Tâi-lâm ê Sin-lâu Chheh-pâng hoat-hêng, sī tong-sî chāi-tē i-kài tiòng-iàu ê ēng chheh.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat

* 
* 內外科看護學 (têng-sin phah-jī í PDF hoat-pò͘ ê pán-pún, bô chiàu goân ìn-soat pâi-pán, chi̍t kóa chhah-tô͘ bô khǹg ji̍p)
*四本台語醫學書
Rihwa

**Rihwa** (), pún-miâ **Phoh Lê-hoâ** (朴梨華), sī chi̍t ūi tī Ji̍t-pún chhut-sì ê Hân-kok cha-bó͘ Ji̍t-gí koa-chhiú.
Stack

**Stack** ("sṳ-tak-khoh") ia̍h **tui-tia̍p** (), sī chi̍t khoán chu-liāu kò͘-chō, kî-tiong hông sóa cháu ê chi̍t hāng goân-kiāⁿ sī siāng bóe chhah-ji̍p ê hit hāng, iā chiō sī siāng-bóe ji̍p--lâi-ê tāi-seng sóa--chhut-khì.

Chhah-ji̍p (*insert*) ê chhau-chok, tī sṳ-tak-khoh it-poaⁿ sī kiò chò *push* ("sak"); thâi-tiāu (*delete*) ê chhau-chok hō chò *pop*.

Nā tùi khang ê sṳ-tak-khoh chò pop chhau-chok ê sî, su̍t-gú kóng hit-ê sṳ-tak-khoh tng *underflow*, chèng-siông lâi kóng sī chò chhò-gō͘ (*error*) chhù-lí. Nā sī sṳ-tak-khoh ê hāng-bo̍k sò͘-liōng chhiau-kòe tēng hó ê chè-hān, tio̍h kóng hit-ê sṳ-tak-khoh í-keng *overflow*.

## Chham-khó
* 

## Siong-koan
* Queue
* Heap
Chu-liāu kò͘-chō

**Chu-liāu kò͘-chō** (; ) ia̍h **chu-liāu kiat-kò͘** (資料結構), sī chí tī tiān-náu lāi cho͘-chit chu-liāu (data) ê te̍k tēng hong-hoat.

## Siong-koan
* Ián-sǹg-hoat
Byte

**Byte** ("") sī sò͘-ūi chu-sìn ê tan-ūi, it-poaⁿ sī chí hâm 8-ê bit ê hêng-sek. Chá-chêng byte sī pian-bé chi̍t-ê jī-goân só͘ ài ēng ê bit sò͘-bo̍k.
Tām-chúi-hô

**Tām-chúi-hô** () sī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t tiâu hô-chhoan. Tāi-hàn-khe, Ke-lâng-hô kap Sin-tiàm-khe sī Tām-chúi-hô ê saⁿ toā chi-liû.
Queue

**Queue** ("khiú", pâi-tūi) ia̍h **Tú-lia̍t** (佇列), sī chi̍t khoán chu-liāu kò͘-chō, kî-tiong hông sóa cháu ê chi̍t hāng goân-kiāⁿ sī siāng kū (siāng chá ka-ji̍p) ê hit hāng, ia̍h chiō sī siāng chá ji̍p--lâi-ê tāi-seng sóa--chhut-khì. 

Chhah-ji̍p (*insert*) ê chhau-chok, tī queue it-poaⁿ sī kiò chò *enqueue*; thâi-tiāu (*delete*) ê chhau-chok hō chò *dequeue*. Queue ū thâu-pō͘ (*head* ia̍h *back*; āu-pêng, kū hāng hit-pêng) kap bóe-pō͘ (*tail* ia̍h *front*; chiân-pō͘, sin hāng hit-pêng), enqueue ê sî sī tùi thâu-pō͘ hit ūi chok-iōng, dequeue ê sî sī tùi bóe-pō͘ chok-iōng, chhin-chhiōⁿ lâng leh pâi-tūi án-ne.

## Chham-khó
* 

## Siong-koan
* Stack
Ioh-jī-pêng

**Ioh-jī-pêng** sī chí tha̍k Hàn-jī ê sî chiàu jī ê jī-pêng ioh tha̍k-im. Che sī lâng bô khak-tēng tha̍k-im ê sî ioh im ê hong-sek chi̍t khoán.

## Chham-khó
Liân-kiat list

**Liân-kiat lì-sṳh-thoh** (; ) ia̍h **Liân-kiat chhoàn-lia̍t** (連結串列), sī chi̍t khoán chu-liāu kò͘-chō, bu̍t-kiāⁿ sī í ti̍t-chōa ê sūn-sī pâi-lia̍t. Lì-sṳh-thoh ê sūn-sī sī koat-tēng tī ta̍k hāng bu̍t-kiāⁿ téng-bīn ê chi̍t-ê chí-piau (pointer).

## Chham-khó

*
Bernart de Ventadorn

**Bernart de Ventadorn** (ia̍h ū siá *Bernard de Ventadour*; 1130–1140 nî chhut-sì; 1190–1200 nî kòe-sin) sī chi̍t ūi troubadour, khok-khek-ka kiam  si-jîn. I tī Eng-lân kok-ông Henry 2-sè ē-té ho̍k-bū.
Pérotin

**Pérotin**, tāi-khài tī 1200 nî chiân-āu oa̍h-hiáⁿ, sī Au-chiu ê chok-khek-ka, hông jīn-ûi sī Hoat-kok-lâng, seng-oa̍h tī 12 sè-kí bóe kàu 13 sè-kí chá-kî.
Léonin

**Léonin** (iok 1150 nî seⁿ, iok 1201 nî sí) sī Pa-lí Notre Dame sèng-tông ê *[[magister]]* (chi̍t khoán ha̍k-chiá hâm-thâu), sī Notre Dame Ga̍k-phài ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t chi it.
Pa-lí Notre-Dame Tāi-sèng-tông

**Pa-lí Notre-Dame Tāi-sèng-tông** (Hoat-gí: *Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris*) sī Hoat-kok Pa-lí chi̍t chō Thian-chú-kàu tāi-sèng-tông, sī Hoat-kok Gothic kiàn-tio̍k ê tāi-piáu-chok chi it, mā sī thong sè-kài siāng tōa keng ê kàu-tn̂g kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t.

Paris-Notre Dame-184-vom Institut du monde arabe-2017-gje.jpg
Paris-Notre Dame-117b-Westfassade-Mittelportal-2017-gje.jpg
Paris-Notre Dame-168-zum Chor-2017-gje.jpg
Paris-Notre Dame-Chorschranke Nord-118-Jesu Taufe im Jordan-2017-gje.jpg
Liân-pang Siú-siòng (Tek-kok)

**Liân-pang Siú-siòng** (*Bundeskanzler*), he̍k-chiá kóng **Liân-pang Chóng-lí**, sī Tek-ì-chì Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok ê chèng-hú thâu-lâng. I sī liân-pang pō͘-tiúⁿ (*Bundesminister*) ê chí-phài chiá, chú-chhî Tek-kok liân-pang chèng-hú ê chèng-chhek chè-tēng.

## Siong-koan
* Liân-pang Siú-siòng (Ò-tē-lī)
* Liân-pang Siú-siòng (Sūi-se)
Liân-pang Siú-siòng (Sūi-se)

**Liân-pang Siú-siòng** (tek. *Bundeskanzler*; hoat. *Chancelier*) sī Sūi-se Pang-liân ê siú-siòng (*[[Kanzler]]*), chú koán Sūi-se Liân-pang Siú-siòng Kio̍k (*Schweizerische Bundeskanzlei BK*), sī Sūi-se Liân-pang Phêng-gī-hōe (*Bundesrat*) ê chham-bô͘-tiúⁿ kap chú-chhî-chiá.
Chancellor

Eng-gí ê ***Chancellor***, ū-sî thang hoan-e̍k chò **[[chái-siòng]]**, siú-siòng ia̍h chóng-lí, gí-goân sī Latin-gí ê *cancellarius*, sī chē khoán chèng-hú tiúⁿ-koaⁿ ê chit-ūi. Chancellor ê pang-kong-thiaⁿ thang hō chò *chancellery* ia̍h *chancery*. 

Tī Eng-gí, hâm-thâu *chancellor* ū khó-lêng sī chèng-hú thâu-lâng, gōa-kau sū-bū-chiá, su-hoat sū-bū-chiá, châi-chèng ia̍h keng-chè sū-bū-chiá, he̍k-chiá sī tāi-ha̍k ê thâu-lâng.

## Bân-lâm-gí sû-tián ké-soeh
Chiàu John Macgowan tī *English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect* (1883 nî) tùi Ē-mn̂g-ōe ê kì-lio̍k, koan-hē *chancellor* ê Eng-gí phiàn-gí ia̍h tan-gí ê Hō-ló-ōe hoan-e̍k ū:
* Ha̍k-tâi (學臺) *Chancellor*
* Tō͘-chi-īⁿ-sù (度支院使) *Chancellor of exchequer*
* Lu̍t-hoat tāi-ha̍k-sū (律法大學士) *Lord chancellor*
* Chiáng-īⁿ ha̍k-sū (掌院學士) *Chancellor of university*

## Kî-tha giân-gí ê tông-goân-jī
*Chancellor* tùi-tâng ê Tek-gí sī ***Kanzler***; Tek-kok, Ò-tē-lī kap Sūi-se lóng siat *Bundeskanzler* (lú-sèng hêng-sek: *Bundeskanzlerin*), ia̍h chiō sī Liân-pang Siú-siòng, lâi chò chèng-hú thâu-lâng. Chá-chêng tī Tek-ì-chì Tè-kok sî-tāi kàu Nazi Tek-kok sî-kî, sī siat *Reichskanzler*, ia̍h chiō sī Tè-kok Siú-siòng.

Tī Latin Bí-chiu, tiāⁿ sú-iōng tùi-tâng ê Se-pan-gâ-gí *Canciller* kap Phû-tô-gâ-gí *Chanceler* lâi chheng-ho͘ in-ê gōa-kau pō͘-tiúⁿ, tông-sî chheng gōa-kau-pō͘ sī *Cancillería* (Se-gí) ia̍h *Chancelaria* (Phû-gí). Nā sī tī Se-pan-gâ *canciller* sī chí koan-hē gōa-kau sū-bū ê kong-bū-goân.

## Chham-khó
Tek-kok Liân-pang Gī-hōe

**Tek-kok Liân-pang Gī-hōe** (*Deutscher Bundestag*) sī Tek-ì-chì Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok ê kok-hōe, ia̍h chiō sī in-ê li̍p-hoat ki-koan.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tek-kok ê chèng-tī
Li̍p-hoat ki-koan

**Li̍p-hoat ki-koan** sī ū khoân-le̍k ūi kok-ka ia̍h siâⁿ-chhī téng chèng-tī si̍t-thé chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t ê chi̍p-hōe. Li̍p-hoat ki-koan chè-tēng hoat-lu̍t ê kòe-têng kiò chò li̍p-hoat, in keng-kòe ī-soàn téng khoân-le̍k lâi kàm-tok kap khòng-chè chèng-hú ê hêng-chèng.

Chiàu thé-chē, kok-ka, li̍p-hoat ki-koan ū kok-hōe, gī-hōe, li̍p-hoat-hōe téng hō-miâ.
Chái-siòng

**Chái-siòng** (宰相) sī tī kun-chú ē-té chú-chhî kok-chèng ê tiúⁿ-koaⁿ ia̍h tāi-sîn, sī chi̍t khoán kū-sek ê chèng-tī hâm-thâu, khah tùi-tâng ê hiān-tāi hêng-sek sī kiò chò siú-siòng, ia̍h ū chóng-lí téng chheng-ho͘.

## Li̍k-tāi tsái-siòng tôo-siōng

File:Xiao he.jpg|Xiao He, chancellor of the Han dynasty
File:Cao Shen.jpg|Cao Shen, chancellor of the Han dynasty
File:Chen Ping, Marquis of Quni.jpg|Chen Ping, chancellor of the Han dynasty
File:Huo guang.jpg|Huo Guang, chancellor of the Han dynasty
File:蜀汉丞相忠武侯诸葛亮.jpg|Zhuge Liang (181–234), chancellor of the Shu Han (221–234)
File:魏·太傅 司馬懿.jpg|Sima Yi (179–251), chancellor of the Cao Wei (221–251)
File:Yang Su.jpg|Yang Su, chancellor of the Sui dynasty
File:Chinese - The Twenty-Four Ministers of the Tang -T'ang- Dynasty Emperor Taizong -T'ai-Tsung- - Walters 3557 - Changsun Wuji.png|Zhangsun Wuji, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
File:房玄龄.jpg|Fang Xuanling (579–648), chancellor of the Tang dynasty (626–648)
File:杜如晦.jpg|Du Ruhui, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (628–629)
File:魏徵.jpg|Wei Zheng, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (629–643)
File:狄仁杰.jpg|Di Renjie, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (691–693, 697–700)
File:韩滉画像.jpg|Han Huang (723–787), Song dynasty painting
File:李德裕像.png|Li Deyu, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (833–835, 840–846)
File:宋丞相赵普.jpg|Zhao Pu, chancellor of the Song dynasty (964–973, 981–983, 988–992)
File:宋丞相寇莱公准.jpg|Kou Zhun, chancellor of the Song dynasty (1004–1006, 1017–1021)
File:Wang Anshi.jpg|Wang Anshi, chancellor of the Song dynasty (1067–1075, 1076–1077)
File:宋丞相司马温公光.jpg|Sima Guang, chancellor of the Song dynasty (1085–1086)
File:秦檜.jpg|Qin Hui, chancellor of the Song dynasty (1131–1132, 1137–1155)
File:史彌遠.jpg|Shi Miyuan chancellor of the Song dynasty (1207–1233)
File:文天祥肖像.jpg|Wen Tianxiang chancellor of the Song dynasty (1275–1278)
File:陸秀夫.jpg|Lu Xiufu chancellor of the Song dynasty (1278–1279)
File:Yansong2.jpg|Yan Song, Grand Secretary of the Ming dynasty
File:高拱.jpg|Gao Gong, Grand Secretary of the Ming dynasty
File:張居正-清晰版.jpeg|Zhang Juzheng, Grand Secretary of the Ming dynasty (1572–1582)


## Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

* 
* 
*
Tun Kunay

**Tun Kunay**, Hàn-miâ **Phoaⁿ Éng-le̍k** (潘永歷), sī Tâi-oân ê Kaxabu-gí kàu-io̍k-chiá, Kaxabu sû-tián *[[Kaxabu-gí Hun-lūi Sû-tián]]* kiam chi̍t kóa khò-pún ê pian-siá-chiá.

## Chù-kha
José 1-sè Bonaparte

**José I Bonaparte** (1768 nî 1 goe̍h 7 ji̍t – 1844 nî 7 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Se-pan-gâ ê kok-ông, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1808 nî 6 goe̍h 6 ji̍t kàu 1813 nî 12 goe̍h 11 ji̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê kun-chú
Alfonso 13-sè (Se-pan-gâ)

**Alfonso 13-sè** (*Alfonso XIII*; 1886 nî 5 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 1941 nî 2 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Se-pan-gâ ê kok-ông.

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê kun-chú
Alfonso 12-sè (Se-pan-gâ)

**Alfonso 12-sè** (*Alfonso XII*; 1857 nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1885 nî 11 goe̍h 25 ji̍t) sī Se-pan-gâ ê kok-ông.

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê kun-chú
Fernando 6-sè (Se-pan-gâ)

**Fernando 6-sè** (*Fernando VI*; 1713 nî 9 goe̍h 23 ji̍t – 1759 nî 8 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Se-pan-gâ ê kok-ông.

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê kun-chú
Felipe 2-sè

**Felipe 2-sè** (*Felipe II*; 1527 nî 5 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 1598 nî 9 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Se-pan-gâ ê kok-ông.

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê kun-chú
Karl 1-sè

**Karl 1-sè** (*Karl I.*; 1887 nî 8 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 1922 nî 4 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Ò-tē-lī ê hông-tè.
Franz Joseph 1-sè

**Franz Joseph 1-sè** (*Franz Joseph I.*; 1830 nî 8 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – 1916 nî 11 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Ò-tē-lī ê hông-tè, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1848 nî 12 goe̍h 2 ji̍t kàu 1916 nî 11 goe̍h 21 ji̍t.
Felipe 6-sè (Se-pan-gâ)

**Felipe 6-sè** (*Felipe VI*; ) sī Se-pan-gâ ê kok-ông, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 2014 nî 6 goe̍h 17 ji̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-pan-gâ ê kun-chú
Ferdinand 1-sè (Ò-tē-lī)

**Ferdinand 1-sè** (*Ferdinand I.*; 1793 nî 4 goe̍h 19 ji̍t – 1875 nî 6 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī Ò-tē-lī ê hông-tè.
Moâi

**Moâi** (bê, moê; Hàn-jī: 糜), sī ēng khah chē--ê chúi kā bí (ia̍h-sī siok-bí), ū-sî-á chham kî-thaⁿ--ê liāu (pí-lūn chheⁿ-chhài, bah, han-chî, ō͘-á téng) chú--ê liāu-lí.

Chúi chió--ê kiò "khó-thâu-moâi"; chē--ê kiò "ám-moâi-á".
Imperator

***Imperator*** sī chi̍t-ê Latin tan-jī, goân-té sī Lô-má Kiōng-hô-kok ê kun-tūi chí-hui-koaⁿ hâm-thâu. Chit jī āu-bé piàn chò sī Lô-má Hông-tè ê kî-tiong chi̍t khoán chheng-hō kap pia̍t-hō (*[[cognomen]]*).

Lūi-pia̍t:Latin-gí
.su

**.su** sī So͘-liân ê kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain (ccTLD). Chia siōng-téng domain tī 1991 nî So͘-liân pang-hoāi í-hāu iáu ū lâng tī-leh iōng.
.tf

**.tf** sī Hoat-kok ê Lâm-pō͘ kap Lâm-ke̍k Léng-thó͘ ê kok-ka-bé siōng-téng domain (ccTLD).
Kau (phiat-im hû-hō)

**Kau** (Eng-gí: *hook* "tiò-kau", "kau-á"), he̍k-chiá kóng **bóe** (*tail*), sī chi̍t khoán phiat-im hû-hō, tàu tī chi̍t kóa jī-bú hē-thóng ê kò-pia̍t jī-bú ê pit-ōe téng-bīn. In-ê hêng kap tiò-kau beh kâng, chiap tī jī-bú ê ē-té-pêng, bīn-téng-pêng, he̍k-chiá sī piⁿ-á pêng.

Tiò-kau chiam nā sī hiòng ē-té chhun chhut, hiòng tò-pêng tńg-oat, sī hō chò chiūⁿ-kiuⁿ-kau (*palatal hook*), nā sī hiòng chiàⁿ-pêng tńg-oat, sī kńg-chi̍h-kau (*retroflex hook*).

## Lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Siong-koan
* Kau-téng (*dấu hỏi*), Oa̍t-lâm bûn-jī phiat-im.
* R-im kau (*rhotic hook*), ēng tī IPA.
Lužany

**Lužany** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

## Chesko
* Lužany (Hradec Králové)
* Lužany (Jičín)
* Lužany (Plzeň)
* Lažany (Lâm Bohemia)
* Dolní Lažany
* Lažany (Liberec)

## Slovakia
* Lužany pri Topli
* Lažany (Prešov)
* Lužany (Topoľčany)
Stará Voda

**Stará Voda** ū khó-lêng sī chí:
## Chesko
* Stará Voda (Karlovy Vary)
* Stará Voda (Hradec Králové)

## Slovakia
*Stará Voda (Gelnica)
Studená

**Studená** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

## Chesko
* Studená (Lâm Bohemia)
* Studená (Plzeň)

## Slovakia
* Studená (Slovakia)
Transilvania

**Transilvania** sī ùi kin-á-ji̍t Romania tiong-iong pō͘-hūn ê chi̍t-ê tē-khu, hoân-ūi hâⁿ kàu tē-hng tang-pêng kap lâm-pêng ê Karpat Soaⁿ-me̍h, hiòng sai-pêng thàng kàu Apuseni Soaⁿ-tē. Transilvania chit-ê tē-hō-mâi ū-sî koh pau-koat hū-kīn ê Crișana, Maramureș kap Romania só͘ sio̍k ê Banat téng le̍k-sú-sèng hun-khu.
Transylvania (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

**Transylvania** sī Romania tē-hō-miâ Transilvania ê Eng-gí hêng-sek. Tû-liáu goân chí-miâ tē-hng í-gōa, ì-sù koh pau-koat:

## Tē-hō-miâ
### Bí-kok
* Transylvania, Louisiana
* Transylvania Kūn, North Carolina
* Transylvania (si̍t-bîn-tē), tī 18 sè-kí ê Kentucky

## Siong-koan
* Sylvania
Ș

**Ș**, sió-pún **ș**, hō-miâ *S-comma*, sī sú-iōng tī Romania-gí ê chi̍t-ê jī-bú, tùi-tâng ê ho͘-im sī /ʃ/, chheng kok-gûn chhat-im.

Pún jī-bó bô siu tī chá-kî ê Unicode pán-pún lāi-bīn, tī Romania-gí ê tiān-náu bûn-su tiāⁿ sú-iōng beh kâng ê Ş thè-ōaⁿ.

Lūi-pia̍t:Latin jī-bó hù-ka piàn-im hû-hō
Ş

**Ş**, sió-pún **ş**, hō chò *S-cedilla*, sī chi̍t-ê ēng tī Azerbaijan-gí, Gagauz-gí, Thó͘-ní-kî-gí kap Turkmen-gí ê jī-bó. Lēng-gōa tī Tatar-gí, Bashkir-gí, Kazakh-gí, Chechnya-gí, kap Kurd-gí ê Lô-má-jī mā ū ēng tio̍h.

Ho͘-im siōng it-poaⁿ sī tùi-èng /ʃ/, chheng kok-gûn chhat-im.

Romania-gí jī-bú ê Ș (*S-comma*), tī chá-kî pán-pún ê Unicode, hông tòng chò sī Ş ê piàn-hêng, só͘-í bô siu tī Unicode piau-chún lāi-bīn. Kàu Unicode 3.0 ê sî chiah sin ka-ji̍p, chin chē Romania bûn-pún iáu koh sú-iōng Ş.

Lūi-pia̍t:Latin jī-bó hù-ka piàn-im hû-hō
Lîm Tēⁿ Goa̍t-ngô͘

**Lîm Tēⁿ Goa̍t-ngô͘** (林鄭月娥, , ) sī Hiong-káng ê 1 ê cha-bó͘ chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t. I tī 2017 nî 3 goe̍h 26 ji̍t tòng-soán Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Hêng-chèng-tiúⁿ-koaⁿ, tī 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t chèng-sek chiū-jīm.
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 17 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 17 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 17 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 2007 nî 10 goe̍h 15 ji̍t kàu 10 goe̍h 21 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 2,213 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 204 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 167 lâng.

17 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 9 lâng:

*Ô͘ Kím-tô
*Gô͘ Pang-kok
*Un Ka-pó
*Ká Khèng-lîm
*Lí Tiông-chhun
*Si̍p Kīn-pêng
*Lí Khek-kiông
*Hō Kok-kiông
*Chiu Éng-khong
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 16 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 16 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 16 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 2002 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t kàu 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 2,114 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 198 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 158 lâng.

16 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 9 lâng:

*Ô͘ Kím-tô
*Gô͘ Pang-kok
*Un Ka-pó
*Ká Khèng-lîm
*Chan Khèng-hông
*N̂g Kiok
*Gô͘ Koan-chèng
*Lí Tiông-chhun
*Lô Kàn
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 15 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 15 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 15 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1997 nî 9 goe̍h 12 ji̍t kàu 9 goe̍h 18 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 2,048 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 193 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 151 lâng.

15 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 7 lâng:

*Kang Te̍k-bîn
*Lí Phêng
*Chu Iông-ki
*Lí Sūi-khoân
*Ô͘ Kím-tô
*Ut Kiān-hêng
*Lí Lâm-chheng
Tang-sai-ò

**Tang-sai-ò** (東西澚) sī Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ ùi Chheng-tiâu sî-tāi kàu Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî ê chi̍t ê hêng-chèng-khu; hoān-ûi hâm-kài hiān-kim ê Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān Má-keng-chhī tiong-pak-po͘.
Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ

**Tâi-pak-thiaⁿ** (臺北廳) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî ê hêng-chèng-khu.

*Sek-kháu-chi-thiaⁿ
*Pang-kiô-chi-thiaⁿ
*Sin-chng-chi-thiaⁿ
*Sū-lîm-chi-thiaⁿ
*Tām-chúi-chi-thiaⁿ
*Kim-pau-lí-chi-thiaⁿ
*Chúi-tńg-kha-chi-thiaⁿ
*Ke-lâng-chi-thiaⁿ
*Téng-siang-khe-chi-thiaⁿ
*Chhim-kheⁿ-chi-thiaⁿ
*Sin-tiàm-chi-thiaⁿ
Hêng-chhun-thiaⁿ

**Hêng-chhun-thiaⁿ** (恆春廳) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî 1901 nî kàu 1909 nî ê hêng-chèng-khu.

*Báng-sut-chi-thiaⁿ
*Pang-soaⁿ-chi-thiaⁿ
Thô-hn̂g-thiaⁿ

**Thô-hn̂g-thiaⁿ** (桃園廳), goân-lâi hō-chò **Thô-á-hn̂g-thiaⁿ** (桃仔園廳), sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî ê hêng-chèng-khu.

*Thô-hn̂g-thiaⁿ
*Tiong-le̍k-chi-thiaⁿ
*Toā-kho͘-khàm-chi-thiaⁿ
*Saⁿ-kak-éng-chi-thiaⁿ
*Iûⁿ-mûi-le̍k-chi-thiaⁿ
*Toā-khu-hn̂g-chi-thiaⁿ
*Kiâm-chhài-pêng-chi-thiaⁿ
Sin-tek-thiaⁿ

**Sin-tek-thiaⁿ** (新竹廳) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî ê hêng-chèng-khu.

*Sin-tek-thiaⁿ
*Pak-po͘-chi-thiaⁿ
*Chhiū-kí-nâ-chi-thiaⁿ
*Sin-po͘-chi-thiaⁿ
*Tiong-káng-chi-thiaⁿ
*Lâm-chng-chi-thiaⁿ
*Biâu-le̍k-chi-thiaⁿ
*Āu-lâng-chi-thiaⁿ
*Thong-siau-chi-thiaⁿ
*Sam-chhe-hô-chi-thiaⁿ
*Toā-ô͘-chi-thiaⁿ
Chador

**Chador** (Pho-su-gí: چادر‎‎) sī Pho-su-gí "tōa saⁿ" ê ì-sù, chí chi̍t khoán tōa-moa, it-poaⁿ sī o͘-sek, khàm thâu-mo͘h, sin-ku, ū-sî kiam bīn-bô͘-á, sī liû-hêng tī Iran kap pō͘-hūn Afghanistan, Iraq kap Pakistan téng só͘-chāi ê lú-sèng ho̍k-chong.

## Le̍k-sú
Pún khoán saⁿ moa sī Abbasid sît-āi (750 nî kàu 1258 nî) thoân ji̍p Pho-su siā-hōe--ê. 19 sè-kí ê Pho-su thóng-tī-chiá, Shah Nasir al-Din tī 1873 nî hóng-mn̄g Pa-lí liáu-āu, khai-sí tī Pho-su thui-sak Se-iûⁿ ho̍k-chong; chóng-sī kâng sî-tāi ê cha-bó͘-lâng oa-ná kè-sio̍k ū teh chhēng chador.

It-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, chū 1925 nî khai-sí sio̍k Reza Khan Pahlavi chú-chhî ê chèng-hú, siū tio̍h tong-sî Thó͘-ní-kî Se-hòa ho̍k-chong chèng-chhek ê éng-hióng, mā tī Iran si̍t-si ho̍k-chong ê Se-hòa kái-kek, chiong thoân-thóng ê *[[Shari’a]]* lu̍t-hoat thè-ōaⁿ chò Hoat-kok-sek ê sè-sio̍k hoat-chè. Siū tio̍h thoân-thóng ê hoán-khòng, tùi lú-sèng ho̍k-chong ê kái-kek siong-tùi khah bān, chóng-sī Iran ê chèng-hú oa-ná tī 1936 nî 2 goe̍h ê sî kìm-chí liáu chador.

1941 nî, Eng-kok kap So͘-liân kun-tūi chiàm-niá Iran, Shah Reza thè-ūi, ōaⁿ chhin-ông Mohammed Reza chú-chèng, i chhú-siau chìn-chêng tùi chador ê hān-chè, m̄-koh tông-sî mā iau-kiû I-su-lân léng-tō-chiá iông-la̍p cha-bó͘ tī kong-chiòng tiûⁿ-ha̍p bô khàm thâu-mo͘ ê chheng-chhah.

Keng-kòe chē tang ê sio-cheⁿ, goân hoán-tùi-phài Ayatollah Khomeini tī 1979 nî khòng-chè chèng-hú í-āu, si̍t-hêng I-su-lân kek-bēng ê chèng-chhek, iau-kiû lú-sèng têng-sin ōaⁿ chhēng chador. Tī 1981 nî ê sî, í Shari’a lu̍t-hoat chò ki-chhó͘ ê sin hoat-lu̍t, iau-kiû só͘-ū 9-hòe í-siōng cha-bó͘-lâng ài chhēng chador he̍k-chiá sī pa̍t chióng hijab khoán ê ho̍k-chong.

## Chham-khó
* 

## Siong-koan
* Hijab
Shah

***Shah*** (Pho-su-gí: شاه‎ *Šāh‎* [ʃɒːh] "siah") sī Iran le̍k-sú siōng chi̍t khoán hông-tè, kok-ông, chhin-ông ê chheng-hō. Ū-ê chèng-khoân ēng ***Shahanshah***, ì-sù sī "ông tiong ông."

Lūi-pia̍t:Kun-chú hâm-thâu
Ashleigh Ball

**Ashleigh Adele Ball** (1983 nî 3 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Ka-ná-tah ê ián-goân.

Lūi-pia̍t:1983 nî chhut-sì
Andrea Libman

**Andrea Eva Libman** (1984 nî 7 goe̍h 19 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê ián-goân.

Lūi-pia̍t:1984 nî chhut-sì
Seward

**Seward** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

## Kūn miâ

## Ke-chhī
* Seward (Alaska)
* Seward (Kansas)
* Seward (Nebraska)
* Seward (Pennsylvania)
Valdez

**Valdez** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Valdez (Alaska)
* Valdez (Venezuela)

## Lēng-gōa
* Valdez–Cordova Phó͘-cha Tē-he̍k
Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng Tiān-tâi

**Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng Tiān-tâi** (綠色和平電台), choân-miâ **Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Kóng-pò Tiān-tâi**, sī Tâi-oân chi̍t keng la-jí-oh tiān-tâi.
Petersburg

**Petersburg** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

## Bí-kok
* East Petersburg (Pennsylvania)
* Petersburg (Alaska)
* Petersburg (Illinois)
* Petersburg (Indiana)
* Petersburg Kūn
* Petersburg (Nebraska)
* Petersburg (North Dakota)
* Petersburg (Pennsylvania)
* Petersburg (Texas)
* Petersburg (West Virginia)
* St. Petersburg (Pennsylvania)

## Hô-lân
* Petersburg (Friesland)

## Lō͘-se-a
* Sankt-Peterburg
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 13 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 13 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 13 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1987 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t kàu 11 goe̍h 1 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 1,936 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 175 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 110 lâng.

13 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 6 lâng:

*Tiō Chí-iông
*Lí Phêng
*Kiâu Se̍k
*Ô͘ Khé-li̍p
*Ut Kiān-hêng
*Iâu I-lîm
## Koh khoàⁿ
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 13 kài Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē tē 4 chhù Choân-thé Hoē-gī
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 14 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 14 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 14 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1992 nî 10 goe̍h 12 ji̍t kàu 10 goe̍h 18 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 2,000 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 189 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 130 lâng.

14 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 7 lâng:

*Kang Te̍k-bîn
*Lí Phêng
*Kiâu Se̍k
*Lí Sūi-khoân
*Chu Iông-ki
*Lâu Hoâ-chheng
*Ô͘ Kím-tô
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 12 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 12 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 12 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1982 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kàu 9 goe̍h 11 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 1,600 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 210 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 138 lâng.

12 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 6 lâng:

*Ô͘ Iāu-pang
*Ia̍p Kiàm-eng
*Tēng Siáu-pêng
*Tiō Chí-iông
*Lí Sian-liām
*Tân Hûn
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 11 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 11 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 11 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1977 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t kàu 8 goe̍h 18 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 1,510 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 201 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 132 lâng.

11 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 6 lâng:

*Hoà Kok-hong
*Ia̍p Kiàm-eng
*Tēng Siáu-pêng
*Lí Sian-liām
*Ang Tong-heng
*Ô͘ Iāu-pang

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 11 kài Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē tē 3 chhù Choân-thé Hoē-gī
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 13 kài Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē tē 4 chhù Choân-thé Hoē-gī

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 13 kài Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē tē 4 chhù Choân-thé Hoē-gī**, kám-chheng **Tiong Kiōng 13 kài 4 Tiong Choân Hoē**, tī 1989 nî 6 goe̍h 23 ji̍t kàu 6 goe̍h 24 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui-hoē. Che sī tī Lio̍k-sù sū-kiāⁿ chi-āu Tiong Kiōng thâu hoê ê Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē Choân-thé Hoē-gī. Chi-chhî ha̍k-seng ūn-tōng ê Tiō Chí-iông, Ô͘ Khé-li̍p, Giâm Bêng-ho̍k kap Joē Hēng-bûn choân-pō͘ hā-tâi, soán-kí Kang Te̍k-bîn chò Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē ê chóng-su-kì.

Tiō Chí-iông kap Ô͘ Khé-li̍p hō͘ thiat-siau Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi ê chit-bū, cheng-thiam soán-kí Kang Te̍k-bîn, Sòng Bêng kap Lí Sūi-khoân chò Siông-úi.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 13 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 11 kài Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē tē 3 chhù Choân-thé Hoē-gī

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 11 kài Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē tē 3 chhù Choân-thé Hoē-gī**, kám-chheng **Tiong Kiōng 11 kài 3 Tiong Choân Hoē**, tī 1978 nî 12 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kàu 12 goe̍h 22 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui-hoē. Tiong Kiōng tī chia hoē-gī thê-chhut Kái-kek khai-hòng.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 11 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 10 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 10 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 10 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1973 nî 8 goe̍h 24 ji̍t kàu 8 goe̍h 28 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 1,249 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 195 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 124 lâng.

10 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 9 lâng:

*Mô͘ Te̍k-tong
*Chiu Un-lâi
*Ông Hông-bûn
*Khng Seng
*Ia̍p Kiàm-eng
*Lí Tek-seng
*Chu Tek
*Tiuⁿ Chhun-kiô
*Táng Pit-bú
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 9 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 9 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 9 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1969 nî 4 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kàu 4 goe̍h 24 ji̍t tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 1,512 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 170 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 109 lâng.

9 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 5 lâng:

*Mô͘ Te̍k-tong
*Lîm Piu
*Chiu Un-lâi
*Tân Pek-ta̍t
*Khng Seng
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 8 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 8 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 8 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī Pak-kiaⁿ khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 1,512 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 170 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 109 lâng.

Tiong Kiōng 8 Tāi pun nn̄g chhù khui-hoē, tē 1 chhù hoē-gī tī 1956 nî 9 goe̍h 15 ji̍t kàu 9 goe̍h 27 ji̍t khui, kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 6 lâng:

*Mô͘ Te̍k-tong
*Lâu Siàu-kî
*Chiu Un-lâi
*Chu Tek
*Tân Hûn
*Tēng Siáu-pêng

Tiong Kiōng 8 Tāi tē 2 chhù hoē-gī tī 1958 nî 5 goe̍h 5 ji̍t kàu 5 goe̍h 23 ji̍t khui-hoē.
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 5 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 5 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 5 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1927 nî 4 goe̍h 27 ji̍t kàu 5 goe̍h 9 ji̍t tī Bú-hàn khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 82 lâng.
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 7 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 7 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 7 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1945 nî 4 goe̍h 23 ji̍t kàu 6 goe̍h 11 ji̍t tī Iân-an khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 755 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 44 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 33 lâng.

7 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 5 lâng:

*Mô͘ Te̍k-tong
*Chu Tek
*Lâu Siàu-kî
*Chiu Un-lâi
*Jîm Pih-sî
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 6 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 6 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 6 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1928 nî 6 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kàu 7 goe̍h 11 ji̍t tī So͘-liân Moskva khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 142 lâng. Chia hoē-gī soán-kí chhut tiong-iong úi-oân 23 lâng kap tiong-iong hāu-pó͘ úi-oân 13 lâng.

6 Tāi kiat-sok keh-tńg-kang, Tiong Kiōng Tiong-iong Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí chhut Tiong-iong Chèng-tī-kio̍k Siông-úi 5 lâng:

*Hiòng Tiong-hoat
*Chiu Un-lâi
*So͘ Tiāu-cheng
*Hāng Eng
*Chhoà Hô-sim
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 4 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 4 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 4 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1925 nî 1 goe̍h 11 ji̍t kàu 1 goe̍h 22 ji̍t tī Siōng-hái khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 20 lâng.
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 3 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 3 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 3 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1923 nî 6 goe̍h 12 ji̍t kàu 6 goe̍h 20 ji̍t tī Kńg-chiu khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 40 lâng.
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 2 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 2 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 2 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1922 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t kàu 7 goe̍h 23 ji̍t tī Siōng-hái khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 12 lâng, pau-koat: Tân To̍k-siù, Tiuⁿ Kok-tô, Lí Ta̍t, Iûⁿ Bêng-chai, Lô Chiong-liông, Ông Chīn-bí, Khó͘ Pe̍k-hō, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong, Chhoà Hô-sim, Thâm Pêng-san, Lí Chìn-êng kap Si Chûn-thóng.
Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 1 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē

**Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tē 1 chhù Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē**, kám-chheng kiò chò **Tiong Kiōng 1 Tāi**, sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tī 1921 nî 7 goe̍h 23 ji̍t kàu 7 goe̍h 30 ji̍t tī Siōng-hái kap Ka-heng khui ê Choân-kok Tāi-piáu Tāi-hoē. Khui-hoē ê tāi-piáu ū 13 lâng, pau-koat: Lí Ta̍t, Lí Hàn-chùn, Tiuⁿ Kok-tô, Lâu Jîn-chēng, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong, Hô Chek-hêng, Táng Pit-bú, Tân Thâm-chhiu, Ông Chīn-bí, Tēng Un-bêng, Tân Kong-phok kap Chiu Hu̍t-hái. Hoē-gī soán-kí Tân To̍k-siù chò Tiong Kiōng ê chóng-su-kì. Tân To̍k-siù ê tāi-piáu Pau Hūi-cheng iā lâi khui-hoē, lēng-goā, Tē saⁿ Kok-chè ê tāi-piáu Henk Sneevliet kap Wladimir Abramowitsch Neumann (Nikolski) iā chham-ka hoē-gī.
Armenia-jī

**Armenia-jī** sī tāi-iok 405 nî ê sî ha̍k-chiá Mesrop Mashtots kap Armenia ê Isaac khai-hoat--ê, tāi-seng sī 36-ê jī-bó, hiān-tāi ê pán-pún ū 39-ê, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi in chú-iàu sī chham-khó Hi-lia̍p-jī lâi siat-kè.

## Jī-bó hē-thóng

*Listen to the pronunciation of the letters in  or in .
**Soeh-bêng:**
#Ka-ta sú-iōng tī kó͘-tián chiàⁿ-jī-hoat, tan-jī-thâu, kap chi̍t kóa cho͘-ha̍p tan-jī.
#Tû-liáu tī ով /ov/ "siáng" kap ովքեր /ovkʰer/ "hit kóa (lâng)".
#Iran Armenia-gí (Tang-pō͘ Armenia-gí ê hun-chi) ho͘ pún jī-bó chò , chhin-chhiūⁿ tī Kó͘-tián Armenia-gí.
#Tī kó͘-tián chiàⁿ-jī-hoat, ու kap և sī hông tòng chò siang-ha̍p-jī (Eng-gí: *digraph*), kap ha̍p-jī (*ligature*). Tī kái-kek āu ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat, sī sǹg chò tan-to̍k jī-bó
#Tī kái-kek-tek chiàⁿ-jī-hoat, jī-bó ւ taⁿ ēng chò ու ê pō͘-hūn. Tī kó͘-tián chiànn-jī-hoat, chit-ê jī-bó it-poaⁿ sī piáu-sī , tû-liáu tī siang-ha̍p-jī իւ  í-gōa. Soviet Armenia ê tàu-jī kái-kek ēng sam-ha̍p-jī յու thè-ōaⁿ իւ.
#Tû-liáu tī "sī" ê hiān-chāi sî-chè: եմ /em/ ("góa sī") ես /es/ "lí sī (tan-sò͘)", ենք /enkh/ "goán sī", եք /ekh/ "lí sī (to-sò͘.)", են /en/ "in sī".
#Jī-bó ը it-poaⁿ sī taⁿ ēng chò jī-thâu ia̍h jī-bóe, só͘-í /ə/ im tī chú-im chi kan bô siá--chhut-lâi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-bó-hē
Kok-jī Piau-chún Jī-thé

**Kok-jī Piau-chún Jī-thé** (國字標準字體) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ pan-pò͘ ê *Siông-iōng Kok-jī Piau-chún Jī-thé-piáu* (常用 *) kap *Chhù-siông-iōng Kok-jī Piau-chún Jī-thé-piáu*  (次-) lāi-bīn kui-tēng ê piau-chún Hàn-jī siá-hoat.
Kok-bîn Chèng-hú

**Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú** sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok tī hùn-chèng sî-kî ê chèng-hú, sî-kan sī 1925 nî kàu 1948 nî, iû Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng it-tóng choan-chèng.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng
*Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (1912-1949)
*Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú
*Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok
*Ong Cheng-oē Chèng-khoân

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú
Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú

**Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Pak-kiaⁿ Chèng-hú**, it-poaⁿ kiò chò **Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú**, sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok í Pak-kiaⁿ chò siú-to͘ sî-kî ê chèng-hú, sî-kan sī 1913 nî kàu 1928 nî.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Kok-bîn Chèng-hú
*Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (1912-1949)
*Ong Cheng-oē Chèng-khoân

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú
ID

**ID**, he̍k-chiá **Id**, **id**, ia̍h kî-tha beh kâng ê cho͘-ha̍p pau-koat ū:

* ID, sin-hūn bûn-kiāⁿ
* .id, Internet he̍k-miâ
* *id.* Latin kán-siá, tī bûn-su téng piáu-sī "kâng chêng hāng" ê ì-sù
* Id, Sigmund Freud ê sim-lí-ha̍k khài-liām
* Bí-kok Idaho chiu
Chèng-thé-jī

**Chèng-thé-jī** (chiàⁿ-) ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Hoân-thé-jī, hâm chē khoán piau-chún kap si̍p-koàn ê Hàn-jī hêng-sek thóng-chheng, hâm (chiàu kok hong piau-chún ì-gī siōng ê) īⁿ-thé-jī (異體字) chāi lāi.
* Kok-jī Piau-chún Jī-thé, Tiong-hoa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ pan-pò͘ ê piau-chún Hàn-jī siá-hoat, bô siu chò piau-chún--ê sǹg īⁿ-thé-jī.
** Siông-iōng Kok-jī Piáu-chún Jī-thé-piáu (常用 *).
* Kui-hoān Hàn-jī khài-lāim ē-té siong-tùi ī-thé-jī ê ēng-jī.

## Siong-koan
* Chiàⁿ-jī

## Tông-hêng-jī
* Chèng-thé
* Chiàⁿ-thé
Hiong-káng Hêng-chèng Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ

**Hiong-káng Hêng-chèng Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ** (香港行政長官, ), choân-miâ **Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ** (香港特別行政區行政長官, ), mā thang kiò chò **Hiong-káng Te̍k-siú** (香港特首), sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu ê chèng-hú siú-tiúⁿ, iû Soán-kí Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí sán-seng, iû Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ Chóng-lí jīm-bēng.
Sheriff

**Sheriff** sī Eng-gí chi̍t khoán chèng-hú tiúⁿ-koaⁿ hâm-thâu, mā sī Eng-gí tùi kî-tha giân-gí kâng lūi chit-ūi ê hoan-e̍k.

## Le̍k-sú
Sheriff goân-té sī chi̍t khoán chú-koán *[[shire]]* ("kūn", "chng") hoat-bū ê koaⁿ-chit.

## Hiān-tāi sú-iōng
### Bí-kok
Tī Bí-kok, koh chiu koh kūn ê *sheriff* ū bô kâng ê lō͘-ēng. It-poaⁿ sheriff sī soán-kí sán-seng ê kūn koaⁿ, choan-bûn hū-chek kūn hoat-īⁿ ê chip-hoat khang-khòe, ia̍h tio̍h sī hoat-īⁿ chí-lēng ê chip-hêng. Tī chi̍t kóa só͘-chāi in tio̍h sī tē-hng chú-iàu ê kéng-chhat pō͘-mn̂g.

## Siong-koan
* Marshal
* Hoat-kéng
Ong Cheng-oē Chèng-khoân

**Ong Cheng-oē Chèng-khoân** sī tī Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng sî-kî Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok tī Tiong-kok chi-chhî Ong Cheng-oē kiàn-li̍p ê chi̍t ê ka-lé chèng-khoân.

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Kok-bîn Chèng-hú
*Pak-iûⁿ Chèng-hú
*Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (1912–1949 nî)
*Boán-chiu-kok

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok
Ò-mn̂g Hêng-chèng Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ

**Ò-mn̂g Hêng-chèng Tiúⁿ-koaⁿ** (澳門行政長官, ), choân-miâ **Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ** (澳門特別行政區行政長官, ), mā thang kiò chò **Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-siú** (澳門特首), sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu ê chèng-hú siú-tiúⁿ, iû Soán-kí Úi-oân-hoē soán-kí sán-seng, iû Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ Chóng-lí jīm-bēng.
Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘ Tè-kok

**Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘ Tè-kok** (英國領印度帝國, ) ia̍h **Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘** , sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok tī 1858 nî kàu 1947 nî chi-kan tī Lâm A kiàn-li̍p ê si̍t-bîn-tē, iû Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê kok-ông chò Ìn-tō͘  hông-tè. Siú-to͘ tī Calcutta, 1912 nî soá khì Sin Delhi.

## Siong-koan
* Ìn-tō͘ Hông-tè
Blender

**Blender** ū khó-lêng sī chí:

* Blender (nńg-thé), 3D bô͘-hêng nńg-thé
* Blender (Tek-kok), Tek-kok siâⁿ-chhī
* Mi-kí-sah
Brest

Hō-miâ ū **Brest** he̍k-chiá sī beh kâng ê hāng-bo̍k pau-koat:

* Brest Kūn
* Esboz-Brest
* Brest (Hoat-kok)
* Brest (Tek-kok)
* Brest (Štip)
* Brest (Makedonski Brod)
* Brest (Čučer-Sandevo)
* Břest
Ka-gī Tì-chiu Tông-bêng-hōe

**Ka-gī Tì-chiu Tông-bêng-hōe** (嘉義置州同盟會) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi teh thui-tōng siat-tì Ka-gī-chiu ê cho͘-chit, put-kò chòe-āu pēng bô siat-li̍p.
Tâi-oân He̍k-sek Chheng-liân Liân-bêng

**Tâi-oân He̍k-sek Chheng-liân Liân-bêng** (台灣黑色青年聯盟) sī tī 1926 nî sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê bû-chèng-hú-chú-gī chó-phài cho͘-chit.
Lâm-êng Hu̍t-kàu-hōe

**Lâm-êng Hu̍t-kàu-hōe** (南瀛佛教會) sī tī 1921 nî 4 goe̍h chhe 4 sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân bîn-kan Hu̍t-kàu cho͘-chit, iû Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú choân-le̍k chú-tō. Che sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi siōng ū éng-hióng-la̍t ê Tâi-oân Hu̍t-kàu cho͘-chit.
Tâi-lâm Chû-hūi-īⁿ

**Tâi-lâm Chû-hūi-īⁿ** (臺南慈惠院) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-lâm ê chû-siān thoân-thé.

Pún īⁿ tāi-seng sī 1899 nî kun-kù koān-lēng 21 hō chéng-lí chá-chêng chû-siān sū-gia̍p sêng-li̍p--ê. 1923 chiàu sin si̍t-si ê Bîn-hoat chiâⁿ chò hoat-jîn cho͘-chit.

In chú-iàu ê sū-gia̍p ū pau-koat tē-hng chiòng-hāi-chiá kap láu-jio̍k téng su-iàu hû-chō͘ ê tùi-siòng ê kiò-chè kiam chín-liâu.

## Chham-chiàu
Ko-sa Chheng-liân-hōe

**Ko-sa Chheng-liân-hōe** (高砂青年會) sī 1915 nî Tâi-oân ha̍k-seng tī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiaⁿ sêng-li̍p ê ha̍k-seng thoân-thé.
Sin Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe

**Sin Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà Hia̍p-hōe** (新台灣文化協會) sī 1927 nî í-āu ê Tâi-oân Bûn-hoà Hia̍p-hōe.
Tâi-oân Bûn-gē Liân-bêng

**Tâi-oân Bûn-gē Liân-bêng** (臺灣文藝聯盟) sī tī 1934 nî 5 goe̍h chhe 5 sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê bîn-kan bûn-ha̍k cho͘-chit. Che sī choân tó chìn-pō͘ chok-ka ê toā chi̍p-kiat, chē-chē lō͘-soàⁿ kap phài-pia̍t bô-kāng ê sin bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng-chiá lóng chham-ú kî-tiong. Chit-ê cho͘-chit chòe-āu tī 1936 nî 8 goe̍h kái-sàn.
Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Kî-sêng Tông-bêng-hōe

**Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Kî-sêng Tông-bêng-hōe** (臺灣議會期成同盟會) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi hū-chek teh thui-tōng Gī-hōe Siat-tì Ūn-tōng ê chèng-tī thoân-thé.

## Siong-koan
*Tâi-oân Gī-hōe Siat-tì Ūn-tōng
Tâi-pak Hêng-bū-só͘

**Tâi-pak Hêng-bū-só͘** (臺北刑務所) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê chi̍t chō kaⁿ-ga̍k. Che sī hiān-kim Tâi-pak Kaⁿ-ga̍k ê chiân-sin.
Tâi-oân Chiuⁿ-ló-kio̍k

**Tâi-oân Chiuⁿ-ló-kio̍k** (臺灣樟腦局) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi chho͘-kî teh hū-chek koán-lí chiuⁿ-ló choan-bē sū-bū ê ki-koan; tī 1900 nî 7 goe̍h 24 hō sêng-li̍p.
Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-só͘

**Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-só͘** (臺灣總督府中央研究所), kán-chheng **Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-só͘**, sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú lāi-pō͘ teh hū-chek tùi sán-gia̍p kap ōe-seng chìn-hêng gián-kiù tiau-cha ê ki-koan.
Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Bîn-chèng-pō͘

**Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Bîn-chèng-pō͘** (臺灣總督府民政部) sī Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú koán-hat hā teh tam-tng hêng-chèng kap su-hoat ê pō͘-kio̍k.
Sin-tek Siàu-liân Hêng-bū-só͘

**Sin-tek Siàu-liân Hêng-bū-só͘** (新竹少年刑務所) sī 1921 nî kái-chè sêng-li̍p ê Tâi-oân tē-it keng siàu-liân hêng-bū-só͘. 1896 nî kàu 1921 nî kái-chè chêng hō-chò **Sin-tek Hêng-bū-só͘** (新竹刑務所). Che sī hiān-kim Sin-tek Kaⁿ-ga̍k ê chiân-sin.
Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Tô͘-su-koán

**Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Tô͘-su-koán** (臺灣總督府圖書館) sī Tâi-oân tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ûi-it ê kong-li̍p tô͘-su-koán; i-ê chiân-sin sī Tâi-oân Bûn-khò͘, chit-má sī Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tô͘-su-koán.
Thn̂g-gia̍p Kái-liông Ì-kiàn-su

***Thn̂g-gia̍p Kái-liông Ì-kiàn-su*** (糖業改良意見書) sī 1901 nî 9 goe̍h Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Si̍t-sán-kio̍k-tiúⁿ Nitobe Inazô hiòng Chóng-tok-hú chiam-tùi Tâi-oân thn̂g-gia̍p thê-chhut ê chi̍t hūn pò-kò. Tī chit hūn pò-kò thê-chhut chìn-chêng, i í-keng siū Chóng-tok-hú úi-thok tùi thn̂g-gia̍p chìn-hêng tiau-cha gián-kiù. Ì-kiàn-su lāi lóng-chóng ū 7-tiám kái-liông pān-hoat, 11-hāng pó-hō͘ chióng-lē hong-àn kap 14-hāng tùi thn̂g-gia̍p siat-sikap ki-koan ê kái-liông ì-kiàn. Chit hūn ì-kiàn-su tùi Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ê thn̂g-gia̍p chèng-chhek ū tiōng-tāi éng-hióng, ji̍t-āu chiū chham-khó i-ê ì-kiàn tī 1902 nî 6 goe̍h 14 hō pan-pò͘ *Thn̂g-gia̍p Chióng-lē Kui-chek* (糖業獎勵規則).
Lōe-tē-iân-tiông-chú-gī

**Lōe-tē-iân-tiông-chú-gī** (內地延長主義) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê sî, Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok tī Tâi-oân só͘ si̍t-hêng ê chi̍t chióng thóng-tī chèng-chhek.
Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Phêng-gī-hōe

**Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú Phêng-gī-hōe** (臺灣總督府評議會) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi iû Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú siat-li̍p ê hoat-lu̍t chu-sûn ki-koan, sêng-li̍p sî-kan ùi 1896 nî kàu 1945 nî.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú
Hia̍p-gī-hōe

**Hia̍p-gī-hōe** (協議會) sī 1920 nî kàu 1935 nî tiong-kan ê Tâi-oân tē-hng gī-hōe. Chiàu hêng-chèng-khu, ē-ēng khu-hun chò chiu-hia̍p-gī-hōe, chhī-hia̍p-gī-hōe kap ke-chng-hia̍p-gī-hoē. Chiàu tē-hng jîn-kháu sò͘-liōng kap kî-than in-sò͘ lâi siat-tì gī-hōe gī-oân sek-chhù. Put-kò hia̍p-gī-hōe ê gī-oân lóng-chóng sī koaⁿ-phài, í seng-lí-lâng kap chāi Tâi-oân ê Ji̍t-pún-lâng ûi-chú. 1935 nî kàu 1937 nî, pō͘-hūn tē-hng hia̍p-gī-hōe kái-chè chò gī-hōe, pō͘-hūn gī-oân kái ēng bîn-soán ê hong-sek sán-seng, si̍t-hêng tē-hng chū-tī. 1937 nî liáu-āu, in-ūi Tiong-Ji̍t chiàn-cheng ê koan-hē, só͘ū Tâi-oân ê gī-hōe kap hia̍p-gī-hōe lóng put-chài kái-soán.
Húi-tô͘-hêng-hoa̍t-lēng

***Húi-tô͘-hêng-hoa̍t-lēng*** (匪徒刑罰令) sī Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ūi-tio̍h beh tìn-ap Tâi-oân-lâng ê bú-chong khòng-ji̍t oa̍h-tāng, tī 1898 nî hoat-pò͘.
Gōa-tē

**Gōa-tē** (外地) sī Tāi Ji̍t-pún Tè-kok tùi lōe-tē í-goā ê thóng-tī khu-he̍k ê chheng-ho͘. Goā-tē pau-hâm Tâi-oân, Karafuto-thiaⁿ, Kantô-chiu, Tiâu-sián kap Lâm-iûⁿ-thiaⁿ.
Chheh-jī

**Chheh-jī** (Tek-gí: *Buchwort*) sī chi̍t khoán sio̍k kó͘-gí ê tan-jī. In chēng kha-chá bó͘ chi̍t-ê sî-kang chioh ji̍p khì pêng-siông ê kóng-ōe tang-tiong, jī-kun pó-chhî bô piàn.

## Siong-koán
* Thoân-jī (*Erbwort*), tùi kó͘-chá liû-thoân lo̍h--lâi ê jī.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-sû
Lūi-pia̍t:Gí-goân-ha̍k
Brexit

**Brexit** sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok chiam-tùi thè-chhut Au-chiu Liân-bêng ê chèng-tī kháu-hō kap chèng-chhek hêng-tōng. Chiàu 2016 nî Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok thoat-lî Au-chiu Liân-bêng kong-bîn tâu-phiò ê kiat-kó sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok beh thè-chhut Au-bêng. Brexit ê chi-chhî-chiá ū hui-siông kóng-hoàn ê chèng-tī kong-phó͘, hâm-kài Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok To̍k-li̍p Tóng, Pó-siú Tóng kap Lô-tōng Tóng.

2017 nî 3 goe̍h 28 hō, Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok siú-siòng Theresa May chhiam-sú thong-ti phoe-sìn ti-hōe Au-bêng, koat-tēng àn-chiàu *[[Lisboa Tiâu-iok]]* ê tē-50 tiâu, khé-tōng Brexit ê thêng-sū.
Ín-jī

**Ín-jī** (Tek-gí: *Zitatwort*) sī chi̍t khoán tùi pa̍t khoán giân-gí the̍h lâi sú-iōng tī ín-iōng tiûⁿ-ha̍p ê jī. In ē-tàng sǹg sī chioh-jī chi̍t khoán, m̄-koh tùi bûn-hoat, ho͘-im ia̍h tàu-jī ê hong-bīn lâi kóng, iáu bô kah chāi-lâi giân-gí sio ha̍h.

Pí-lūn tī chi̍t kóa Eng-gí ê ha̍k-su̍t bûn-chiong khó-lêng ē ti̍t-chiap the̍h Hoat-gí ê *[[Só͘-kì kap lêng-kì|signifié]]* lâi piáu-ta̍t goân-lâi Ferdinand de Saussure thê-chhut ê giân-gí-ha̍k khài-liām.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-sû
Ín-iōng

**Ín-iōng** sī kóng kā bó͘ chi̍t tōaⁿ piáu-tat ín chò lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê piáu-tat ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Nā sī ín-iōng chi̍t tōaⁿ ōe ia̍h bûn-su ê sî, thang kóng **ín-kù** iā **ín-giân**.

## Siong-koan
* Chham-chiàu
Chham-chiàu

**Chham-chiàu** (Eng-gí: *reference*) sī chē hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ chi kan ê koan-liân, kî-tiong chi̍t hāng mi̍h kí--kòe, he̍k-chiá sī liân--kòe lēng-gōa chi̍t hāng mi̍h. Che chêng-hêng thang kóng thâu-chêng hit hāng chham-chiàu liáu āu-piah hit hāng; siū chham-chiàu ê āu-piah hāng tī giân-gí-ha̍k sī kiò chò chêng hāng ê chham-chiàu-mi̍h (*referent*).

## Chham-chiàu
* 

## Siong-koan
* Ín-iōng
* Ín-chiàu
Ín-chiàu

**Ín-chiàu** (Eng-gí: *citation*) sī tùi chhut-pán he̍k-chiá bī-chhut-pán chu-liāu ê chham-chiàu. Ín-chiàu ê hong-sek chē khoán, pau-koat tùi lâi-goân pō͘-hūn lōe-iông ê ín-iōng, kap chù-bêng kài-liām chhut-chù ê chù-kha. 

## Siong-koan
* Ín-iōng
Gōa-jī

**Gōa-jī** (Tek-gí: *Fremdwort*) sī tùi kî-tha giân-gí ín--ji̍p-lâi ê tan-jī, in-ūi sú-iōng sî-kan bô kú he̍k-chiá sī kî-tha goân-in, in-ê siá-hoat, pí-lūn gí-hêng piàn-hòa kap chō-jī-hoat téng sêng-hun iáu koh pó-chhî goân gōa-gí ê sek-iūⁿ.

Pí-lūn tī Tek-gí lāi-bīn Latin-gí lâi-goân ê jī tang-tiong, *Industrie* ("sán-gia̍p") thang sǹg sī gōa-jī, nā chāi-lâi-hòa ê *Frucht* ("chúi-kó", gí-goân *frū̆ctus*) thang sǹg sī chioh-jī (*Lehnwort*). Nā chiàu pe̍h-ōe-jī ê lí-lō͘ lâi kóng, "cola" thang sǹg sī gōa-jī, nā "khò͘-lah" sǹg sī chioh-jī.

Nā Tâi-gí lâi kóng, mā ū chhiūⁿ "a-pa" ê *pa*, thang sǹg sī gōa-jī.

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-sû
Chioh-ēng-jī

**Chioh-ēng-jī** (eng. *loanword*), ia̍h sī kóng **chioh-ēng-gí** (ji̍t. 借用語), sī chi̍t khoán gōa-lâi-gí, sī tùi lâi-goân giân-gí chiap--lâi, bô keng-kòe ì-sù ê hoan-e̍k to̍h ín ji̍p chāi-lâi giân-gí ê tan-jī.

## Chioh-ēng-jī ê ho͘-im
Ū-ê chioh-ēng-jī hông chioh-ēng liáu-āu koh î-chhî khah óa-kīn goân gōa-gí ê ho͘-im; ū-ê sī sek-èng ji̍p chāi-tē giân-gí chāi-lâi ê ho͘-im. Pí-lūn kóng Hoat-gí tùi Eng-gí chioh--lâi ê tan-jī *Happy hour* bô ho͘ *h* im; tùi *jean* tian-tó ho͘ *j* im, sui-jiân Eng-gí ê *h* kap *j* im tī Hoat-gí lông sī chioh--lâi-ê.

Ū chi̍t kóa siā-hōe in-sò͘ thang éng-hióng chioh-ēng-jī sī-m̄-sī î-chhî gōa-gí ho͘-im. Kî-tiong pau-koat chioh-ēng-jī lâi-goân bûn-hòa tùi kóng-ōe-chiá koan-tiám lâi kóng ê tē-ūi. Nā sī gōa-gí bûn-hòa chiàm iu-sè tē-ūi, hia ê chioh-ēng-jī khah ū khó-lêng tī chioh ēng liáu-āu î-chhî goân-gí ho͘-im. Koh ū chi̍t khoán in-sò͘ sī kóng-ōe-chiá ē chiam-tùi thiaⁿ-ōe-chiá tùi gōa-gí liáu-kái ê thêng-tō͘ kái-piàn ho͘-im hong-sek, nā sī thiaⁿ-ōe-chiá tùi gōa-gí khah m̄-bat, kóng-ōe-chiá chiū khah ū khó-lêng ēng chāi-lâi ê hong-sek ho͘-im. Lēng-gōa siang-hong ê éng-hióng mā chûn-chāi, nā kî-tiong chit ūi kóng-ōe-chiá ēng chāi-lâi ho͘-im, lēng-gōa chit ūi to̍h khah ū khó-lêng tòe leh ēng.

Ū-sî gōa-lâi ê ho͘-im hông pó-chhî, chiâⁿ chò sī chāi-lâi giân-gí gú-im kái-piàn ê khí-in. Chóng-sī bô keng-kòe gú-im tông-hòa ê chioh-ēng-jī khah hàn-tit chhut-hiān.

## Chham-chiàu

## Siong-koan
* Gōa-lâi-gí
* Gōa-jī
* Ín-jī
* Chioh-e̍k

Lūi-pia̍t:Chioh-ēng-jī
Khiâ-sū kiâⁿ-iû

**Khiâ-sū kiâⁿ-iû** (Eng-gí: *knight's tour*) sī se-iûⁿ-kî khiâ-sū tī kî-pôaⁿ téng chiàu kui-chek sóa-tāng, ta̍k-ê keh-á ka-ta kiâⁿ chi̍t piàn. Chit khoán sóa-tāng hong-sek hông hoat-tián chhut chi̍t chióng sò͘-ha̍k būn-tê kiò chò **khiâ-sū kiâⁿ-iû būn-tê**, tû-liáu phó͘-thong ê 8 × 8 kî-pôaⁿ, mā ū kî-tha chhùn-chhioh, hêng-thé, he̍k-chiá sī 3D í-siōng ê siat-sióng.
Netscape Navigator

**Netscape Navigator** sī chi̍t khoán bāng-lō͘ liû-lám-khì, sī Netscape hē-lia̍t ê thâu chi̍t pán, sī Netscape Thong-sìn Kong-si sán-phín, tī 1990 nî-tāi sī sú-iōng liōng siāng tōa ê kâng lūi liû-lám-khì. M̄-koh kàu 2002 nî chó-iū ê sî í-keng chhun chin chió lâng ēng, tông-sî tē-ūi hō͘ Microsoft ê Internet Explorer chhú-tāi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bāng-ia̍h liû-lám-khì
Pak-pêng

thumb|Pak-pêng

**Pak-pêng** (北-) sī siong-tùi lâm-pêng ê hong-ūi; iā ū **pak** (北), **pak-sì** (北勢) ia̍h-sī **pak-hong** (北方) ê kóng-hoat.
Sai-pêng

thumb|sai-pêng

**Sai-pêng** (西-) sī ji̍t-thâu lo̍h-soaⁿ ê hong-ūi, hām tang-pêng siong-tùi; iā ū **sai** (西), **sai-sì** (西勢) ia̍h-sī **sai-hong** (西方) ê kóng-hoat.
Tang-lâm-pêng

thumb|Tang-lâm-pêng

**Tang-lâm-pêng** (東南-) sī tang-pêng kap lâm-pêng ê kòe-tō͘ hong-ūi.
Hong-ūi

**Hong-ūi** (方位) sī kok hong-hiòng ê ūi-tì. Siōng ki-pún ê 4 ê hong-ūi chiū-sī tang, lâm, sai, pak. Tī tē-kiû ê piáu-bīn téng, sūn tē-kiû chū-choán ê hong-ūi sī tang-pêng, ge̍k tē-kiû chū-choán ê hong-ūi sī sai-pêng; put-kò, chhut-ji̍t ê hong-ūi pēng bô it-tēng sī chiàⁿ tang-pêng, kāng-khoán ji̍t-lo̍h ê hong-ūi mā bô it-tēng sī chiàⁿ sai-pêng. Tī thong-kòe chi̍t ê só͘-chāi ê chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ téng, hiòng Pak-ke̍k ê hong-hiòng sī hit-ê só͘-chāi ê pak-pêng, hiòng Lâm-ke̍k ê hong-hiòng sī hit-ê só͘-chāi ê lâm-pêng.
Lâm-pêng (hong-ūi)

thumb|Lâm-pêng

**Lâm-pêng** (南-) sī siong-tùi pak-pêng ê hong-ūi; iā ū **lâm** (南), **lâm-sì** (南勢) ia̍h-sī **lâm-hong** (南方) ê kóng-hoat.
Tang-pêng

thumb|Tang-pêng

**Tang-pêng** (東-) sī ji̍t-thâu chhut ê hong-ūi, hām sai-pêng siong-tùi; iā ū **tang** (東), **tang-sì** (東勢) ia̍h-sī **tang-hong** (東方) ê kóng-hoat.
George 5-sè Land

**George 5-sè Land** (ì-sù sī *George 5-sè ê Tē*) sī Lâm-ke̍k-chiu tang-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê tē-hng.
Princess Elizabeth Land

**Princess Elizabeth Land** (ì-sù sī *Elizabeth kong-chú ê Tē*) sī Lâm-ke̍k-chiu tang-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê tē-hng.
Queen Elizabeth Land

**Queen Elizabeth Land** (ì-sù sī *Elizabeth Lú-ông ê Tē*) sī Lâm-ke̍k-chiu sai-pō͘ ê chi̍t ê tē-hng.
Kì-hō-lūn

**Kì-hō-lūn** (jit. 記号論; eng. *semiotics*), he̍k-chiá kiò **kì-hō-ha̍k**, sī tùi kì-hō kap kì-hō ê chok-iōng kòe-têng ê gián-kiù, he̍k-chiá kóng sī tùi ì-sù seng-sán ê gián-kiù.

## Chham-chiàu

## Siong-koan
* Ì-bī-lūn

*
Ì-bī-lūn

**Ì-bī-lūn** (Eng-gí: *semantics*) sī giân-gí-ha̍k kiam tiat-ha̍k ê chi̍t hun-iá, gián-kiù ì-sù ùi giân-gí, lô-chek, kì-hō-lūn kap thêng-sek giân-gí téng tiûⁿ-ha̍p ê chok-iōng. I iû-kî sī choan-bûn tī tan-jī, phiàn-gí, kì-hō téng lêng-kì (*signifier*); kap in só͘ tāi-piáu ê mi̍h, ia̍h chiū sī in-ê gōa-iân (*detonation*).
Gōa-iân

**Gōa-iân** (Eng-gí: *denotation* "ti-no-tá-siòng") tī giân-gí-ha̍k sī kóng kì-hō chiàu-jī ê ì-sù, chiū ná-chhiūⁿ sû-tián téng-bīn siāng kán-tan ê ké-soeh.

In siong-tùi ê koan-liām sī lōe-pau (*connotation*), chí koan-hē tio̍h bûn-hòa hâm-ì ê ké-soeh.
Ì-sù

**Ì-sù**, ia̍h sī kóng **ì-bī**, **ì-gī**, sī thoân-ta̍t-chiá hiòng chiap-siū-chiá thoân-ta̍t chhut--lâi ê chu-sìn ia̍h sī khài-liām.