open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sobesednik (pò-chóa)

**Sobesednik** (Собеседник; Tuì-uē-tsiá (Collocutor)) sī tsi̍t-hūn pò-tō tsuân Gôlôsu siā-huē kap tsìng-tī ê tsiu-pò (tsiu-khan sìng-tsit ê pò-tsuá). Iû Moskva í-ki̍p Gôlôsu ê kíng-guā (teh Riga, Minsk, Yerevan, Tel Aviv ting-ting ê sóo-tsāi) ê Sobesednik tshut-pán-siā lâi tshut-pán. Sobesednik ê tshut-pán pîn-lu̍t sī: ta̍k lé-pài tshut-pò tsit-pái (lé-pài-jī).

## Li̍k-sú

Sobesednik uì 1984-nî 2-gue̍h 23-ji̍t khai-sí tshut-pán. Sobesednik tsit-ê pò-tsuá ê tsiân-sin sī "Kamsamolskaya Pravda" (Комсомольская правда (Kiōng-tshing-thuân Tsin-lí-pò)) tíng-kuân kâng-miâ ê tsuan-lân. 1984-nî tsì 1990-nî 10-gue̍h, Sobesednik í "Kamsamolskaya Pravda" ê tsuân tshái-sik gôo-lo̍ksin-bûn lâi tsing-khan tshut-pán. Sobesednik tsit-ê tsiu-pò i-ê su-kiû liōng tsiânn-tuā. Sobesednik tsiu-pò ê tē-1 kî sī iōng oo-pe̍h hîng-sik teh tshut-pán, tsiu-pò luē-iông tsuan-mn̂g teh pò-tō一 iû-î Yuria Andropova (Юрия Андропова) ê kuè-sin, jî-lâi jīm-bīng Konstantina Chernenko (Константина Черненко) uî pì-su-tiúnn ê siau-sit.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Komsomolskaya Pravda
*Eduard Limonov
*Rossiya Segodnya
*Dmitry Kiselyov
*Margarita Simonyan

## Guap-oo liân-kiat

* Официальный сайт  
* Олег Ролдугин: «Пока команды сверху закрывать «Собеседник» нет — мы работаем», Лениздат.ру, 15.12.2023 
*  

Lūi-pia̍t:Gô-lô-su ê pò-chóa
Tiâu-sián Sîn-oē

**Tiâu-sián Sîn-oē** (Tiâu-sián-gí: 한국 신화) sī Tiâu-sián ê Sîn-oē.

## Chham-khó Sîn-oē
*Tiâu-sián Chhòng-sè Sîn-oē ㅡ Korean creation narratives
**Moâ-ko͘ (마고)
**Hông-kiong (황궁)
**Iú-in (유인)
*Tân-kūn Sîn-oē
**Hoân-in (환인)
**Hoân-hiông (환웅)
**Tân-kūn (단군)

## Chham-khó chū-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Sîn-oē
ACS Nano

**ACS Nano** sī tsi̍t-hūn tông-hâng pîng-sím ê kho-ha̍k gue̍h-khan, iû Bí-kok huà-ha̍k ha̍k-huē (American Chemical Society) tī 2007-nî 8-gue̍h thâu-pái tshut-pán. Hiān-tsú-sî ê tsú-pian sī Tîn Hiáu-tong (Lâm-iông Lí-kang Tāi-ha̍k (Nanyang Technological University)). ACS Nano tsit-ê kî-khan huat-piáu guân-sí ê gián-kiù bûn-tsiong, pîng-lūn, kuan-tiám, kia̍t-tshut gián-kiù jîn-uân ê hóng-tâm, í-ki̍p tuì nano khok-hak kap nano ki-su̍t bī-lâi ê khàn-huat.

## Huān-uî
ACS Nano ê tsiau-tiám sī nano kiat-kòo, nano ki-su̍t, nano tsè-tsō, tsū tsóo-tsong, nano kho-ha̍k hong-huat kap nano ki-su̍t hong-huat ê ha̍p-sîng, tsóo-tsong, ti̍k-ting, lí-lūn kap bôo-gí. Tsiau-tiám iah-koh pau-kuat nano kho-ha̍k hām nano ki-su̍t gián-kiù – i-ê pau-kuat huà-ha̍k, sing-bu̍t-ha̍k, bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, í-ki̍p kang-tîng-ha̍k.

## Tik-iau hâm sik-ín
ACS Nano teh hā-lia̍t tsu-liāu-khòo lāi-té ū kiàn-li̍p sik-ín:

*Chemical Abstracts Service – CASS
*Chemistry Citation Index
*Current Contents – Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
*Materials Science Citation Index
*Science Citation Index
*Scopus
*MEDLINE/PubMed
*Nature Index

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Nanolithography

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*  

Lūi-pia̍t:Goe̍h kî-khan
Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-gí kî-khan
Kiong-ka

**Kiong-ka** (궁가) sī Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu ê Ông-cho̍k (Tāi-kun, Kun) Ka-cho̍k. 1897 nî Tāi-hân Tè-kok ê Hông-cho̍k (Chhin-ông, Tāi-kun).

Lūi-pia̍t:Ông-cho̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Hông-cho̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Ka-cho̍k
Kháu-keng chèng-sû (hoat-lu̍t)

**Kháu-king tsìng-sû** (deposition (口供證詞); suan-sè tsìng-gên (宣誓證言); su-bīn tsìng-sû (書面證詞)) teh Bí-kok huat-lu̍t tang-tiong, hi̍k-tsiá Kanata huat-lu̍t tang-tiong ê tsìng-kì khai-sī sím-tsa, sia̍p-ki̍p tsìng-jîn suan-sè ê tîng-guā kháu-king tsìng-sû, tsia-ê tsìng-sû ē-tàng kán-huà tsò su-bīn pit-lio̍k, tshut-î tsìng-kì khai-sī bo̍k-tik, thê-kiong liáu-āu teh huat-tin sú-iōng. Teh Bí-kok hâm Kanata, kháu-king tsìng-sû tiānn-tiānn iōng-teh sòo-siōng. Sím-tsa tsha-put-to tsóng--sī teh huat-tîng guā iû lu̍t-su in tshin-tsū (親自) tsìn-hîng, bô huat-kuann tsāi-tiûnn lâi kàm-tok sím-tsa. 

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*subpoena duces tecum
*subpoena ad testificandum
*Section 1782 Discovery
*HeinOnline

## Guap-oo liân-kiat

*What Is a Deposition? 
*Deposition: What It Means, How It Works, Questions 
*What Is a Deposition? 
*口譯員大鬥法--口供證詞 
*訴訟取證辦法多，律師問話壓力大 元照英美法辭典-書面證詞 
*

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoat-tēng têng-sū
Liû Chhun-lîm

**Liû Tshun-lîm** (hàn-gú: 劉春霖; 1872-nî — 1942-nî; **Lâu Tshun-lîm**), jī Jūn-kîm (潤琴), hō Si̍k-gûn (石篔). Tiong-kok Ti̍t-lē síng Hô-kan hú Siok-lîng kuān (hiān-tsú-sî ê Hô-pak Siok-lîng) Hù-tsò hiong Pak-si̍k-pó tshun ê jîn-sū. Kīn-tāi su-huat-ka, Tiong-kok kho-kí tsè-tōo tang-tiong tsuè-āu tsi̍t-ê tsiōng-guân (狀元).

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Pak-kiann ji̍t-pò (北京日报)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*今晚报：刘春霖与“状元楼” 

Lūi-pia̍t:1840 nî chhut-sì

Lūi-pia̍t:Lâu--sī
Jio̍k-kùi (hiang-liāu)

[縮圖|Ta--ê chhiū-phôe-tiâu, chhiū-phôe-hún kah sè-châng [Ceylon jio̍k-kùi ê hoe]]

**Jio̍k-kùi**, a̍h-sī **iû-kùi**, kuì-phuê, mā thang hō-chò **a-lí-sam**, sī chi̍t khoán ùi kúi-lō chióng jio̍k-kùi-sio̍k ê chhiū-á ê lōe-chhiū-phôe thê-liān--chhut-lâi ê hiang-liāu. Jio̍k-kùi chú-iàu ēng-lâi tòng-chò phang-bī ê tiâu-bī-liāu kah tiâu-bīêthiam-ka-che, tī kok-chióng bí-si̍t, tiⁿ-ê kah kiâm-ê liāu-lí, chá-tǹg ngó͘-kok, sì-siù-á, bagel, tê, sio chi-ku-la̍t chham thoân-thóng chia̍h-mi̍h lóng-ū sú-iōng--tio̍h. Jio̍k-kùi ê phang-khùi chham chu-bī sī ùi i ê cheng-iû kah i ê chú-iàu sêng-hun jio̍k-kùi-choân (*cinnamaldehyde*), iah-koh pau-hâm-tio̍h teng-hiang-iû-hun (*eugenol*) kî-thaⁿ chin chē sêng-hun lâi--ê.

## Chù-kái

## Chham-ia̍t
*
*
*

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* "In pictures: Sri Lanka's spice of life". BBC News.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiâu-bī-liāu
ByteDance

**ByteDance** iú-hiān kong-si (**Jī-tsiat Thiàu-tōng**; ByteDance Ltd.; hàn-gú: 字节跳动 (Zìjié Tiàodòng)) sī tsi̍t-king tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Tiong-kok Pak-kiann, jî-tshiánn teh Cayman Kûn-tó tsù-tsheh sîng-li̍p ê Tiong-kok internet kho-ki kong-si.

ByteDance iû Tiong It-bîng (張一鳴), Liâng Jú-pho (梁汝波) kap kî-thann ê thuân-tuī tī 2012-nî tshòng-li̍p, khai-huat sī-sìn kiōng-hióng siā-kau bāng-lōo ho̍k-bū kap ìng-iōng tîng-sik TikTok; í-ki̍p tsiam-tuì Tiong-kok sú-iōng ê Tió-im (Douyin (抖音)). ByteDance tsit-king kong-si ia̍h-sī sin-bûn pênn-tâi Thâu-tiâu (Toutiao (頭條)) ê khai-huat siong. Tsia̍t-tsí 2021-nî 6-gue̍h, ByteDance teh i sóo-ū ê pênn-tâi tíng-kuân ióng-iú 19-ik ta̍k gue̍h ua̍h-thiàu ê iōng-tsiá.

ByteDance in-uī an-tsuân, kàm-sī í-ki̍p sím-tsa ê būn-tê; jî-lâi ín-khí tsiânn-tsē kok-ka ê li̍p-huat ki-kòo hâm muî-thé ê kuan-tsù.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*The Information (website)
*Reuters

## Guap-oo liân-kiat

*
Hàn-siâⁿ-hú

**Hàn-siâⁿ-hú** (Hân-kok-gí: ) sī Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu Hàn-siâⁿ ê Hêng-chèng Koán-lí Ki-kò͘.
Sin sè-kí sin sè-tāi si-soán

***Sin sè-kí sin sè-tāi si-soán*** sī 2022 nî tshut-pán ê bûn-ha̍k soán-tsi̍p.  Lîm Kî-iōng kah kî-thann Tâi-oân si-soán ê pian-tsi̍p uí-uân, hū-tsik siu-tsi̍p 52 uī Tâi-oân sin sè-tāi si-jîn ê koa-si tsok-phín. 
Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-ha̍k
Telesat

**Telesat** (guân-miâ kiò-tsò **Telesat Canada**) sī tsi̍t-king Kanata ê uī-tshenn thong-sìn kong-si, sîng-li̍p tī 1969-nî 5-gue̍h 2-ji̍t. Telesat kong-si tsóng-pōo khiā tī Ottawa.

## Li̍k-sú
Telesat sîng-li̍p tī 1969-nî, tong-sî ê miâ kiò-tsò Telesat Canada, sī tsi̍t-king kin-kì Kanata Kok-huē Huat-àn (Act of Parliament) sóo tshòng-kiàn ê Kanata Kok-iú khì-gia̍p kong-si. 

## Pān-kong-sik

## Uì Telesat huat-siā ê uē-tshenn

* Anik A1 – 1972
* Anik A2 – 1973
* Anik A3 – 1975
* Anik B – 1978
* Anik D1 – 1982 – 1991 tû-i̍k
* Anik C3 – 1982
* Anik C2 – 1983 – sold to Paracom S.A. 1993
* Anik D2 – 1984 – sold to GE Americom 1991 and ARABSAT 1993
* Anik C1 – 1985 – sold to Paracom S.A. 1993 and decommissioned 2003
* Anik E2 – 1991
* Anik E1 – 1991
* MSAT-1 – 1996
* Nimiq-1 – 1999
* Anik F1 – 2000
* Nimiq-2 – 2002
* Estrela do Sul 1 (Telstar 14) – 2004
* Anik F2 – 2004
* Anik F1R – 2005
* Anik F3 – 2007
* Telstar 11N – Tī 2009-nî 3-gue̍h 
31 khai-sí ho̍k-bū https://web.archive.org/web/20110716203714/http://www.telesat.com/File/B594215A79394AD69A24FA7A237275E7
* Nimiq-4 – 2008
* Nimiq-5 – 2009
* Telstar 14R (Estrela do Sul 2) – 2011 – North solar array did not fully deploy.http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1105/25telstar14r/index.html
* Nimiq-6 – 2012
* Telstar 12V – 2015
* Telesat LEO 1 – 2018
* Telstar 19V – 2018
* Telstar 18V – 2018
* Telesat LEO 3 - 2022

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Eutelsat OneWeb
*Canadian Journal of Communication
*Tông-hâng pêng-sím (tông-hâng pîng-sím)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Telesat corporate website
Chheng-pāi lūi-chhau

**Tshing-pāi luī-tshau** (hàn-gú: 清稗類鈔), sī sio̍k-î pit-kì sió-suat luī, luē-iông sī Tshing-kok ê tsióng-kòo (掌故) uî-bûn (遺聞) sóo uī-pian (彙編); iû Tshing kok uî-ló (遺老) Sû Kho (徐珂; 1869-1928) sóo pian-tsán. Sû Kho guân-miâ Tshiong (昌)，jī Tiōng Khó (仲可), pia̍t-sú (別署) Tiong Khó (中可), Tiōng Gio̍k (仲玉), sī Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang Hâng kuān (杭縣) (kim-á-ji̍t ê Û-hâng (餘杭)) jîn-sū. Tshing-tiâu Kong-sū nî-kan ê kí-jîn (舉人); pat tam-jīm Uân Sè-khái ê bōo-liâu (幕僚), bô-guā-kú tō sî-thuè. Āu-lâi tam-jīm "Siōng-hái siong-bu ìn-su-kuán" ê pian-tsi̍p. Tsuan-tióng teh bûn-ha̍k, hâm si-sû, í "Tshing-pāi luī-tshau" jî-lâi bûn-miâ.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 金振华：〈《清稗类钞》文学类例析〉，《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》，2006年第4期. 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Sòng pāi lūi-tshau (宋稗類鈔)
*Bōo-liâu (幕僚)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*開放文學--清稗類鈔 
*Qingbai leicha/清稗類鈔
Tâi-oân si-soán

**Tâi-oân si-soán**, 1982 nî khai-sí huat-hîng, sī Tâi-oân ta̍k-nî tshut-pán ê bûn-ha̍k soán-tsi̍p. Tâi-oân si-soán siu-tsi̍p Tâi-oân bûn-ha̍k ê koa-si tsok-phín, Lîm Kî-iōng kah kî-thann si-jîn tam-jīm kuè tsú-pian.
Les Cowboys Fringants

**Les Cowboys Fringants** (IPA: [], ì-sù sī: oa̍h-phoat ê gú-á), sī Ka-ná-tah Quebec Séng sêng li̍p ê Hoat-gí iô-kún ga̍k-thoân, sêng-li̍p tī 1995 nî.

Lūi-pia̍t:Canada
Lūi-pia̍t:Ga̍k-thoân
Bluenose

**Bluenose** (ì-sù: nâ-sik--ê phīnn-á) sī tsi̍t-tsiah tiò-hî hâm kìng-sài iōng ê "siâ-hîng kè tsiong phâng-tsûn" (gaff rig schooner), tī 1921-nî teh Kanata Nova Scotia síng Lunenburg kiàn-tsō. Bluenose sī tsi̍t-tsiah ū-miâ ê sài-tíng hâm hî-tsûn, iû Angus Walters sóo tsí-hui, tsiânn-tsò Nova Scotia síng ê síng-kip piau-tsì, iah-sī 20 sè-kí 30 nî-tāi Kanata ê tiōng-iàu siōng-ting, tī 1946-nî sit-sū tsìn-tsîng it-ti̍t tshiong-tòng kang-tsok tsûn; pian-miâ "Pak Tuā-se-iûnn ê lú-ông", Āu-lâi Bluenose hông siat-kè tsò Bluenose tan-kuí (one-design sloop) phâng-tsûn (1946) hâm ho̍k-tsè-phín Bluenose II (1963). Bluenose tsit-ê miâ-jī tsá tō tī 18 sè-kí bua̍t tio̍h khai-sí lâi tsò Nova Scotia jîn ê phian-miâ.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*  
*  

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

*  
*  
*  
*  

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Smith & Rhuland
*Schooner

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*''Bluenose'' Model Builder  
*''The Canadian Encyclopedia'', The ''Bluenose''
Ò-giô

Ò-giô sī iōng ò-giô-chí tēⁿ chhut ka só͘ chó ê tiám-sim. Mā ē-sái ka lê-bóng piàn chò lê-bóng ò-giô.

Chin chē Tâi-oân iā-chhī-á kap chhài-chhī-á lóng ū leh bē ò-giô. Kî-tha khì-hāu, hūi-tō͘ chha-put-to ê Tang-lâm-a kok-ka mā ū leh bē, phì-lūn kóng Má-lâi-se-a kap Sin-ka-pho. Tī Ji̍t-pún ū-sî mā bé ē tio̍h chhiⁿ ê ò-giô-chí.

## Chhiú-lō͘
右|縮圖|Ò-giô
Kā ò-giô-chí khǹg tī mî-pò͘-tē-á lāi-té, ná chìm chúi ná chhio̍k, ò-giô lāi-té ê ka tō ē tau̍h-tau̍h-á ho͘ chhio̍k--chhut-lâi. Chhio̍k kah chhio̍k bô mi̍h liáu āu , kā chí hìⁿ tiāu, kā ka khǹg tī peng-siuⁿ kàu i kian-tàng, tō sī ò-giô-tàng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiⁿ--ê
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiám-sim
Lūi-pia̍t:Peng
209 hêng chiâm-téng

**209 hîng tsiâm-tíng** (tik-gú: U-Boot-Klasse 209; 209 hîng tshàng-kàm) sī Tik-kok Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft kong-si tsuan-bûn uī tshut-kháu khai-huat ê tsi̍t-ê hē-lia̍t tshâ-tiān kong-kik tsiâm-tíng. Ū 5-tsióng hîng-hō (209/1100, 209/1200, 209/1300, 209/1400 í-ki̍p 209/1500), pau-kuat i-ê kái-tsong hîng, í-king sîng-kong tshut-kháu kàu 15-ê kok-ka; kî-tiong 68-tsiah tsiâm-tíng teh kiàn-tsō tang-tiong, pīng-tshiánn 68 tsiah tsiâm-tíng hun-phuè hōo 1971-nî kàu 2021-nî tsi-kan ê 5-tsióng bô kāng-khuán ê iân-sin hîng-hō. Tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo, kin-kì kái-tsìn ê siat-kè koh-tsài kiàn-tsō koh-khah tsē ê tsiâm-tíng.

Siōng-thâu-á ê iân-sin hîng 209/1100 hîng sī tī 20 sè-kí 60 nî-tāi bua̍t sóo siat-kè ê, Elláda tsiânn-tsò tsit-hîng tsiâm-tíng ê tē-1 ê tshái-iōng tsiá. Türkiye sī siōng-tuā ê tshái-iōng tsiá, tshái-kòo 14 tsiah tsiâm-tíng; kî-tiong pau-kuat 8 tsiah 209/1400 hîng tsiâm-tíng kap 6 tsiah 209/1200 hîng tsiâm-tíng. Israel tshái-kòo tsi̍t-tsióng hui ti̍k-tīng ê iân-sin hîng tsok-uî Israel-ê tē-1 tsiah Hái-ti kip tshàng-kàm.  209 hîng tsiâm-tíng ka-tso̍k sī Lating Bítsiu ìng-iōng siōng kóng-huàn ê tsiâm-tíng, í-king hōo 7-ê kok-ka tshái-iōng.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Tridente-class submarine
*Dolphin-class submarine
*List of submarine classes in service

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems - Class 209/1400mod
* Active Diesel submarines - 2002
* Argentine Navy website - Submarine Force - ARA ''Salta'' (S-31) specifications 
* Global Security
* Haze Gray & Underway: World Navies Today  - (Pre-2003 developments)
* Hellenic Navy's Submarine OCEANOS (S-118) 3d animation
* Shishumar Class
* The U209 Family Evolution 
* U209 operators map

Lūi-pia̍t:Kong-kek-hêng chhàng-kàm
Sîn-tân Sū

**Sîn-tân Sū** (Tiâu-sián-gí: 신단수) sī Tiâu-sián Sîn-oē ê Sîn-chhiū (神樹).

## Liân-kiat
*Sam-kok Ûi-sū

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Chhiū
Lūi-pia̍t:Sîn-oē
Bongkrek suan

**Bongkrek [[Sng|suan]]** (Bongkrek acid; iah-koh kiò-tsò "bongkrekic sng"; **Bí kànn kún [[Sng|suan]]** (米酵菌酸), **İâ sú kún [[Sng|suan]]** (椰黍菌酸)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng  hoo-khip-tō ê to̍k-sòo, teh huat-kànn ê iâ-tsí hi̍k-tsiá gio̍k-bí tang-tiong sán-sing, siū-tio̍h ba̋i-kín "Burkholderia Gladioli Pathovar cocovenenans" ê u-jiám. Bongkrek suan sī tsi̍t-tsióng ki̍k-to̍k, jia̍t ún-tīng, bô sik. ,bô bī, ko-tōo put-páu-hô ê sann-so sng (tricarboxylic acid), ē-tàng ap-tsè ADP/ATP tsuán-uī-muî (translocase), iah kiò-tsò suànn-lia̍p-thé ADP/ATP tsài-thé, ē-tàng tsóo-tsí ATP lī-khui suànn-lia̍p-thé uī kî-thann ê sè-pau thê-kiong "sin-tîn tāi-siā ê lîng-liōng" (metabolic energy). Teh thàu-kuè siū u-jiám ê si̍t-bu̍t siap-ji̍p (consume) Bongkrek suan ê sî-tsūn, Bongkrek suan tsú-iàu tsiam-tuì kuann-tsōng, tuā-náu í-ki̍p io-tsí; pīng-tshiánn tshut-hiān lia̍h-thòo, làu-sái. jiō tē-liû (urinary retention), pak-thiànn í-ki̍p lâu-kuānn siunn-tsē tíng-tíng ê tsìng-thâu. Tuā-to-sòo ê i̍k-tsîng huat-sing teh Ìn-nî hâm Tiong-kok; in-uī tsia--ê kok-ka ū teh si̍t-iōng huat-kànn iâ-tsí hâm huan-be̍h ê si̍t-phín.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Tetrahedron (journal)
*Journal of Biological Chemistry
*Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
*Burkholderia gladioli
*Toxicokinetics
*Hematuria
*Hematochezia

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning From Fermented Food 
*Bongkrekic acid--NIH 

Lūi-pia̍t:ADP/ATP choán-ūi-mûi ap-tsè-che
2024 nî Hoa-liân tē-tāng

**2024 nî Hoa-liân tē-tâng**, koh hō-chò **0403 Tōa Tē-tāng**, sī tī 2024 nî 4 goe̍h 3 ji̍t thàu-chá 7 tiám 58 hun (sî-khu UTC+8) hoat-seng tī Tâi-oân Hoa-liân-koān iân-hái ê Richter kui-bô͘ 7.2 ê tē-tāng. Sī 921 tē-tāng í-āu 25 nî lâi, Tâi-oân kui-bô͘ siōng-tōa ê tē-tāng. Lēng-gōa ū kúi-lō keng chhù siū-tio̍h sńg-tn̄g sīm-chì sī tó--loeh, chiok chē lō͘, kiô, ha̍k-hāu... mā ū siū-tio̍h sún-hāi, kî-tiong Tâi-oân tang-pō͘ ê chai-chêng siōng-kài giâm-tiōng. Tiong-hoâiⁿ Kong-lō͘, So͘-hoa Kong-lō͘, So͘-hoa-kái mā in-ūi tē-tāng ê éng-hióng kìm-lō͘.

Kàu 2024 nî 4 goe̍h 25 thóng-kè, 18 miâ sí-bông, 1,155 miâ tio̍h-siong, 3 miâ sit-chong. 

## Chù-kha


Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê tē-tāng
Lūi-pia̍t:Hoa-liân-koān ê le̍k-sú
Tang-kiaⁿ Lí-kho Tāi-ha̍k

**Tang-kiann Lí-kho Tāi-ha̍k** (ji̍t-gú: 東京理科大學 (Tōkyō Rika Daigaku); ing-gú: Tokyo University of Science), guân-lâi ê Ing-bûn miâ-tshing kiò-tsò "Science University of Tokyo" hi̍k-tsiá **TUS**, hui tsìng-sik ê Ji̍t-pún miâ-tshing kiò-tsò "Lí-kho Tāi" (Rikadai/理科大) hi̍k-tsiá kán-tshing tsò "Lí Tāi" (Ridai/理大) sī tsi̍t-king khiā tī Ji̍t-pún Tang-kiann Sinzyuku Kagurazaka ê su-li̍p gián-kiù-hîng tāi-ha̍k.


File:Tokyo University of Science Katsushika Campus 02.JPG|Tang-kiann Lí-kho Tāi-ha̍k, Katsushika Hāu-khu
File:Tokyo University of Science Noda Campus Building No.2.JPG|Tang-kiann Lí-kho Tāi-ha̍k, Noda Hāu-khu


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*TSUBAME (satellite)
*Tokyo Institute of Technology
*MARCH (Japanese universities)
*Tōa hun-koah ko chè-liōng tiâu-kiông hòng-siā tī-liâu

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ ê tāi-ha̍k
Kim-sai-ô͘

**Kim-sai-ô͘** tī Ko-hiông-chhī Sam-bîn-khu Tiáⁿ-kim-lí; Sai-thâu-soaⁿ soaⁿ-kha, só͘-í hō-chò chi̍t-ê miâ. Kū-miâ **Tōa-pi** (大埤), sī Ài-hô chúi-thâu ê chi̍t ê ô͘, chúi-he̍k bīn-chek tāi-iok 12 kah, ū tiâu-chiat chúi-ūi ê tiōng-iàu kong-lêng. Iah-m̄-koh, siū-tio̍h ta-hō͘-kùi ê éng-hióng, ô͘-hōaⁿ-piⁿ í-keng hoat-tián chò Kim-sai-ô͘ Kong-hn̂g; chiâⁿ-chò chhī-bîn tī ká-ji̍t-sî-á chhit-thô ê hó só͘-chāi.
縮圖|Kim-sai-ô͘ ô͘-bīn
縮圖|Pó-an-kiong (Kim-sai-ô͘) chhái-lâu

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Ko-hiông-chhī ê koan-kong-tē
Tōa hun-koah ko chè-liōng piàn-tiāu hòng-siā tī-liâu

**Tuā hun-kuah ko tsè-liōng piàn-tiāu hòng-siā tī-liâu** (Hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy; hàn-gí: 高劑量短程分次放射治療; **ko tsè-liōng té-tîng hun-tshù hòng-siā tī-liâu**) tse-sī tiâu-kiông hong-sia tī-liâu ê tsi̍t-tsióng si̍t-giām hîng-sik, kî-tiong khah-kuân ê X siā-suànn tsè-liōng iōng-teh khah-tsió ê hun-tshù (liâu-tîng), kiò-tsò Tuā hun-kuah hòng-siā tī-liâu. Sui-bóng ta̍k-pái hun-tshù ê tsè-liōng ko-î piau-tsún tī-liâu; m̄-ku tsóng tsè-liōng khah-ke. Ǹg-bāng Tuā hun-kuah ê hong-sik kāng-khuán ū-hāu; m̄-ku ín-khí ê  to̍k-sìng ē khah-sè. 

## Liap-hōo-suànn gâm
2011-nî tsìn-hîng tsi̍t-hāng tsiam-tuì liap-hōo-suànn (prostate) gâm ê tshì-giām. 2016-nî, HYPRO gián-kiù pò-kò teh 820 miâ tang-tiong huî-hiám kûn hi̍k-tsiá ko hong-hiám liap-hōo-suànn gâm ê huān-tsiá tang-tiong pí-kàu piau-tsún hun-kuah (39 pái 2 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 8 tsiu) hâm tuā hun-kuah (19 pái 3.4 Gy hun-kuah, liân-suà 6.5 tsiu) ê kiat-kó.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Radiation therapy
*Dose fractionation
*Prostate cancer

## Guap-oo liân-kiat
*Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial
Hiragana

sī chi̍t khoán im-chat-jī (*syllabary*), sī Ji̍t-gí su-siá hē-thóng ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, Khá-nah ê chi̍t-chióng.

## It-lám-pió
Ē-kha ê Lô-má-jī iōng Pêng-bûn-sek Lô-má-jī piáu-sī

## Siong-koan
* Kha-thá-khá-nah
* Khá-nah
Colombia Hái-kun

**Colombia Hái-kun** (Colombian Navy), tsìng-sik bîng-tshing kiò-tsò Columbia Kok-ka Hái-kun (Colombian National Navy; Sepangâ-gí: Armada Nacional de la República de Columbia), iah iōng Sepangâ-gú kiò-tsò "Armada Nacional" (Kok-ka Kàm-tuī) hi̍k-tsiá kan-na iōng "Armadal" (Bô-ti̍k Kàm-tuī), sī Columbia Kun-tuī ê Hái-kun kun-tsióng. Hái-kun hū-tsik Kolunpia Tāi-se-iûnn (Caribbean) hâm Tāi-se-iûnn tē-khu, Columbia kok-kíng lāi kóng-huàn ê hô-liû bāng-lōo, í-ki̍p Kolunpia ti̍t-tsiap kuán-hat ê tsi̍t-kuá ê sió lio̍k-tē khu-i̍k ê an-tsuân hâm hông-gū.

Tsia̍t-tsí 2013-nî 9-gue̍h, Columbia Hái-kun ióng-iú 35,086 miâ jîn-guân, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22,000 miâ ê Hái-kun lio̍k-tsiàn-tuī pōo-ping.

Thâu-á ê jī-bió sok-siá tsò "ARC" (Sepangâ-gú: Armada de la República de Columbia) put-tān iiōng-tsok sóo-ū ê Kolunpia Hái-kun kàm-tíng ê kuan-hong kàm-tíng ê tsiân-tuè, mā sī Hái-kun pún-sin ê thong-iōng kán-tshing.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Colombian Marine Infantry
*Military Forces of Colombia
*Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Colombian Navy Official site 
* Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site 
* Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa—Extensive information about Colombian military forces 
* UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia
Bō͘-hú (Ji̍t-pún)

sī Ji̍t-pún le̍k-sú-siōng Cheng-î Tāi-chiong-kun hōaⁿ si̍t-chè khoân-le̍k ê chi̍t khoán chèng-hú hêng-sek. Ùi 1185 nî Genpei Ha̍p-chiàn kiat-sok ê sî khai-sí, kàu 1867 nî Bîn-tī Î-sin ê sî kiat-sok; keng-kòe Kamakura bō͘-hú, Muromachi bō͘-hú, , kap Edo bō͘-hú 4 ê bō͘-hú sî-kî. Kî-tiong, Tomo bō͘-hú sī Muromachi Muromachi bō͘-hú siau-bia̍t liáu-āu ê chân-chûn sè-le̍k; si̍t-chè-siōng, thóng-tī kok-ka ê sī Oda chèng-khoân kap Toyotomi chèng-khoân. Só͘-í, Ji̍t-pún só͘ keng-le̍k--ê sī 3 ê bō͘-hú sî-kî: iû Kawachigen--sī, Houjyou--sī, Ashikaga--sī, kap Tokugawa--sī chêng-chêng-āu-āu thóng-tī 682 tang.

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*幕府（読み）ばくふ
 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bō͘-hú
Lūi-pia̍t:Edo sî-tāi
Lūi-pia̍t:Muromati sî-tāi
Lūi-pia̍t:Kamakura sî-tāi
Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Chhit-hiân Kok-bîn Tiong-ha̍k

**Ko-hiông Chhī-li̍p Chhit-hiân Kok-bîn Tiong-ha̍k** (), kán-chheng-chò **Chhit-hiân Kok-tiong**, sī chi̍t keng tī Ko-hiông-chhī Kó͘-san-khu ê kok-tiong.

Chhit-hiân kok-tiong tī 1969 nî sin-sêng-li̍p, chham kū-té ê Chiân-kim Kok-tiong kan-na chha kúi-pah bí niā. Siū-tio̍h chió-kiáⁿ-hòa ê éng-hióng, 2009 nî khai-sí sóa kàu Kó͘-san-khu Liông-bí hāu-khu, tī 2012 nî sóa-soah, jî-chhiáⁿ kā goân-hāu-chí hùi-chí.

## Hāu-khu
#### Liông-bí hāu-khu
Tī Bí-su̍t-koán tē-khu Lāi-ûi Bûn-hòa Hn̂g-khu ê tùi-bīn, sī chi̍t ê hō͘ 4 tiâu lō͘ — Bí-su̍t Tang-saⁿ-lō͘ , Bí-su̍t Tang-gō͘-lō͘ , Bí-su̍t Tang-jī-lō͘ , Bí-su̍t Tang-sì-lō͘ — pau--khí-lâi ê chi̍t tè khu-tè. Ha̍k-hāu chiàm-tē 2.7 kah. Lâm-pêng ū Kó͘-san kok-hāu-á chham Tiong-hôa Gē-su̍t Ha̍k-hāu.

#### Kū hāu-khu
2019 nî Hái-iûⁿ Kho-ha̍k Gián-kiù choan-khu kè-ōe piàn-keng, tī Chhit-hiân kok-tiong kū hāu-chí ê "Hái-iûⁿ Kho-ha̍k Kàu-io̍k kì Tián-sī Tōa-lâu" kap "Hái-iûⁿ Kho-ki Sán-gia̍p Chhòng-sin Io̍k-sêng Tiong-sim" soah thêng-chí heng-kiàn. Hái-iûⁿ Kho-ha̍k Gián-kiù choan-khu ê thó͘-tē khǹg--teh bô--teh ēng, 2022 nî Hái-iûⁿ Tiong-sim chóng-pō͘ tōa-lâu 4--goe̍h poaⁿ-khí pa̍t-ūi. 2021 nî 10 goe̍h 14 Siâⁿ-tiong-siâⁿ siā-khu chò hóe-chai, chhī-hú koat-tēng beh kā choan-khu ê 1.2 kah ê thó͘-tē chò Siâⁿ-tiong-siâⁿ ê khu-tōaⁿ cheng-siu tú-kè-tē (Hô-lâm Jī-lō͘ 0.6 kah), koh khí 600 hō͘ ê siā-hōe chhù-the̍h (Hiân-tiong-ke 0.64 kah). Tē-chèng-kio̍k ùi 2022 nî 3 goe̍h 17 khai-sí kā kū hāu-sià thiah-tû. Siā-hōe chhù-the̍h í-keng tī 2022 nî 12 goe̍h 30 tāng-thó͘.

## Hāu-tūi
* Iá-kiû-tūi
* Nâ-kiû-tūi

## Tsù-kái

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 高雄市立七賢國民中學 （页面存档备份，存于） （繁體中文）
* 
* 
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Kó͘-san-khu
Chile Hái-kun

Chile Hái-kun (Sepangâ-gí: Armada de Chile) sī Chile Bú-tsong Pōo-tuī ê hái-tsiàn kun-tsióng. Chile Hái-kun lē-sio̍k teh Chile Kok-hông-pōo.  Chile Hái-kun ê tsóng-pōo khiā teh Valparaiso ê Chile Kàm-tuī Tāi-há (Edificio Armada de Chile).

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*Garrett, James L. "The Beagle Channel Dispute: Confrontation and Negotiation in the Southern Cone." *Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs* 27, no. 3 (1985): 81–109. JSTOR 165601. issn 0022-1937. oclc 2239844.
*
*Grant, Jonathan A. *Rulers, Guns, and Money: The Global Arms Trade in the Age of Imperialism*. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. . oclc 166262725}}
*Livermore, Seward W. "Battleship Diplomacy in South America: 1905–1925." *Journal of Modern History* 16, no. 1 (1944): 31–48.  JSTOR 1870986. issn 0022-2801. oclc 62219150.

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Battle of Chacabuco

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Armada de Chile website 
* Armada de Chile website 
* Ranks of the Armada de Chile
* Official Chilean time webpage in English; from SHOA.
* Opinion piece about alleged UK-Chile cooperation in the Falklands War
Ngó͘-cho̍k Kiōng-hô

[縮圖|[Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok|Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok 1912 nî kàu 1928 nî ê kok-kî. 5 ê sek-chúi siōng-teng 5 ê cho̍k-kûn.]]
**Ngó͘-cho̍k Kiōng-hô** (五族共和) sī Tiong-kok Kok-cho̍k-chú-gī ê khài-liām, mā sī Tiong-kok kek-bēng-ka Sun Bûn ê bîn-seng-chú-gī ê lōe-hâm. “Ngó͘-cho̍k” sī teh kóng Tāi-chheng-kok ê 5 ê chú-iàu cho̍k-kûn: Hàn-cho̍k, Boán-cho̍k, Bông-kó͘-cho̍k, Hôe-cho̍k, Chōng-cho̍k. Ngó͘-cho̍k Kiōng-hô tiō sī teh ho͘-io̍k Tāi-chheng-kok thóng-tī chi-hā ê só͘-ū cho̍k-kûn tio̍h-ài thoân-kiat, kiàn-li̍p kiōng-hô-kok, tiō sī āu-lâi ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok.

## Siōng-teng
1912 nî, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok kiàn-kok; Lîm-sî Chèng-hú kap āu-lâi ê Pak-kiaⁿ Chèng-hú lóng chhái-iōng ngó͘-sek-kî (五色旗) chò in ê kok-kî. Chit tè kî-á ēng 5 ê sek-chúi siōng-teng Ngó͘-cho̍k Kiōng-hô. 

## Siong-koan

* Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k
* Ngó͘-cho̍k Hia̍p-hô — Boán-chiu-kok ê kháu-hō

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok
Jī-chhiú hun

**Jī-chhiú hun**, mā thang hō-chò **hui chū-goān-sèng chia̍h-hun**, sī kóng lâng khì suh-tio̍h tiám-to̍h hun-chháu ê ian cháu--chhut-lâi ê bu̍t-chit, sī chi̍t khoán pī-tōng chia̍h-hun (*passive smoking*) ê hong-sek.

## Chham-khó bûn-hiàn

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiān-khong
Kamov Ka-50

**Kamov Ka-50** gô-gí: Чёрная акула (Chyornaya akula); ing-gí: kitefin Shark (Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark"); NATO tāi-hō: Hokum A; **Kamov Ka-50 Oo-sua kong-kik ti̍t-sing-ki**) sī Soo-liân/Gôlôsu Kamov siat-kè-kio̍k sóo siat-kè ê tan-tsō kong-kik ti̍t-sing-ki, kū-iú to̍k-tit (distinctive) ê tông-tio̍k suân-i̍k (coaxial-rotor aircraft) hē-thóng. Kamov-50 siat-kè tī 1980 nî-tāi, pīng-tshiánn tī 1995-nî teh Gôlôsu kun-tuī ho̍k-i̍k. Kamov iû khiā-teh Arsenyev ê Progress kong-si sóo tsè-tsō.Kamov-50 hông iōng-tsò tsuân bú-tsong ê tsing-tsa ti̍t-sing-ki. Kamov-50 ū tsi̍t-ê kiù-uān tân-siā hē-thóng. tsit-khuán hîng hē-thóng teh ti̍t-sing-ki tsiânn hán ê khuànn.

Tī 1990 nî-tāi āu-kî, Kamov hām  khai-huat tsi̍t-tsióng siang-jîn-tsō kà-sú-tshng pán-pún, Kamov Ka-50-2 "Erdogan" (gô-gú: Эрдоган, Türk-gú: Erdoğan), í tsham-ka Türkiye ê kong-kik ti̍t-sing-ki pí-sài. Kamov iah-koh līng-guā siat-kè tsi̍t-tsióng siangtsō én-sing-hîng, Kamov Ka-52 "Kho̍k-hî" (gô-gú: Аллигатор, NATO tāi-hō: Hokum B). Tsia̍t-tsí 2023-nî, Ka-52 ê tan-uī sîng-pún uî 1,600 bān bi-guân.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*  
* Donald, David, and Daniel J. March. "Ka-50/52, Kamov's 'Hokum' family". *Modern Battlefield Warplanes*. AIRtime Publishing, 2004. . 
*  

## Tsham-ua̍t
*NPP Zvezda
*Ejection seat
*SailGP

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Kamov Ka-50, and Kamov Ka-52 official pages 
*Helicopter site  
* Ka-52 Rosoboronexport
Piàn-tiāu (tiān-sìn)

**Piàu-tiāu** (Eng-gí: modulation; Ji̍t-gí: 変調; Hân-gí: 변조; Tâi-oân Hôa-gí: 調變; Tiong-kok Phó͘-thong-ōe: 调制) tī tiān-chú thong-sìn léng-he̍k, chí kā ki-pún sìn-hō (chài-pho (載波); poaⁿ-sàng-pho (搬送波)) ê chín-hû (振幅), pîn-lu̍t kap siōng-ūi (相位) kái-piàn, thoân-sàng sìn-hō ê hong-sek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Thong-sìn
Lūi-pia̍t:Bô-sòaⁿ-tiān
Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kau-thong-pō͘

**Kau-thong-pō͘** (交通部) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú chú-koán kau-thong ê siōng koân-kip pō͘-bûn, lē-sio̍k Hêng-chèng-īⁿ. I ê gia̍p-bū hoān-ûi pau-koat ūn-su, iû-piān, khì-siōng, koan-kong, koh-ū pō͘-hūn ê tiān-sìn koán-lí sū-bū. 

## Cho͘-chit
[縮圖|[Kau-thong-pō͘ Bîn-iōng Hâng-khong Kio̍k|Bîn-iōng Hâng-khong Kio̍k]]
[縮圖|[Kau-thong-pō͘ Koan-kong-sú|Koan-kong-sú]]
[縮圖|[Kau-thong-pō͘ Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ Kio̍k|Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ Kio̍k]]
[縮圖|[Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú]]

### Lāi-pō͘ tan-ūi

* Chong-ha̍p Kui-ōe Si (綜合規劃司)
* Lō͘-chèng kip Tō-an Si (路政及道安司)
* Kong-kiōng Ūn-su kip Kàm-lí Si (公共運輸及監理司)
* Hâng-chǹg-si (航政司)
* Kau-thong Sán-gia̍p Hoat-tián kip Kok-chè Sū-bū Si (交通產業發展及國際事務司)
* Kau-thong Kho-ki kip Chu-sìn Si (交通科技及資訊司)
* Pì-su-chhù (秘書處)
* Hōe-kè-chhù (會計處)
* Thóng-kè-chhù (統計處)
* Chèng-hong-chhù (政風處)
* Jîn-sū-chhù (人事處)
* Hoat-chè-chhù (法制處)

### Só͘-sio̍k ki-koan (ki-kò͘)

* 3-kip ki-koan (ki-kò͘)
** Koan-kong-sú (觀光署)
** Tiong-iong Khì-siōng-sú (中央氣象署)
** Kong-lō͘-kio̍k (公路局) 
** Ko-sok-kong-lō͘ Kio̍k (高速公路局) 
** Thih-tō-kio̍k (鐵道局)
** Bîn-iōng Hâng-khong Kio̍k (民用航空局)
** Hâng-káng-kio̍k (航港局)
** Ūn-su Gián-kiù-só͘ (運輸研究所)

### Hù-sio̍k sū-gia̍p ki-kò͘

* 4 ê kong-si hoat-jîn cho͘-chit 
** Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Kong-si (臺灣鐵路公司)
** Tiong-hôa Iû-chèng (中華郵政)
** Tâi-oân Káng-bū Kong-si (臺灣港務公司)
** Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ Kong-si (桃園國際機場公司)

## Pō͘-tiúⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Siong-koan tiâu-bo̍k

* Tâi-oân ê kau-thong
* Kok-ka Ūn-su An-choân Tiâu-cha Úi-oân-hōe

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*  ****
* 

*
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê kau-thong
Lūi-pia̍t:Kau-thong pō͘-bûn
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-pak-chhī Tiong-chèng-khu ê chèng-hú ki-koan
Ián-seng chok-phín

**Ián-seng chok-phín**, he̍k-chiá-sī **thòaⁿ-seng chok-phín** () sī chí iû goân-té tio̍h ū ê chok-phín hun-ki--chhut-lâi ê chok-phín, lóng thang án-ne hō.
Kó͘-tián chū-iû-chú-gī

Kó͘-tián chū-iû-chú-gī (古典自由主義; ) sī chit-chióng chèng-tī bûn-hòa, sī chū-iû-chú-gī ê hun-chhe. I chàn-siaⁿ chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ kap chū-iû hòng-jīm ê keng-chè, mā kó͘-chhoe hoat-tī chi-hā ê kong-bîn chū-iû, te̍k-pia̍t kiông-tiāu kò-jîn chū-tī, iú-hān chèng-hú, keng-chè chū-iû, chèng-tī chū-iû kap giân-lūn chū-iû. 

## Chhut-miâ ê sù-siông-ka

* John Locke (1632–1704)
* John Stuart Mill (1806–1872)

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Chū-iû-chú-gī
Un-chú-kong

**Un-tsú-kong**() sī Tâi-oân-lâng sìn-gióng--ê Sîn-bêng ê  miâ. Thong-siông sī Kuan-sèng-tè-kun(), mā hō-tsò Kuan-tè-iâ(), Koan Ú. Hu-Iú-tè-kun(), Lâng leh kóng--ê Lú-sian-tsóo(, Lú Tōng-pin), Su-miā-tsin-kun(), tō-sī Tsàu-kun-kong(, Tsàu-sîn), mā hō͘ lâng kiò-tsò Un-tsú-kong.
 
Lūi-pia̍t:Seⁿ-nî put-bêng
Harriet Taylor Mill

縮圖|Harriet Taylor Mill
**Harriet Taylor Mill** (chhut-sì ê miâ Harriet Hardy; 1807 nî 10 goe̍h 8 hō – 1858 nî 11 goe̍h 3 hō) sī chi̍t ūi Eng-kok tiat-ha̍k-ka, lú-sèng khoân-lī thê-chhiòng-chiá. I bat kah i ê tē-jī-jīm ang-sài John Stuart Mill siá kòe chheh, pau-koah *[[Lūn Chū-iû]]* kah *[[Chèng-tī Keng-chè-ha̍k Goân-lí]]*.

Lūi-pia̍t:1807 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:1858 nî kòe-sin
Tsàu-kun

**Tsàu-kun**(), mā kiò-tsò **Tsàu-kun-kong**(), **Tsàu-ông**(), tō-sī **Tsàu-sîn**(), sī tsú-kuán tû-pâng tsàu-kha kà tshù-lāi pîng-an ê tsit-ê sîn-bîng. Tō-sī **su-bīng-tsin-kun**(), siong-thuân sènn Tiunn, mā ū-lang kiò i **Tiunn-un-tsú**().
Lūi-pia̍t:Sîn-bêng
Gualtiero Galmanini

Gualtiero Galmanini (1909-nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t--1976 nî 6 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī chi̍t-ūi ê italiā seng-giām ê chhut-kai kàu desāi. Chheng-chhùn ê hāi-bīn--Iā-tāi ê chhut-chek khui-tēng tiūⁿ chò͘-liáu, tùi-iā-tāi gû-chheh ê chhut-lō͘ bôo-nái koh. 

### Si̍t-gí

Iat-lí ê Monza, 1909 nî, Galmanini tī kāi-á ka chia̍h-ê seng-giām kàu desāi. Gū-iōng-sī ê iā-koán, ūi Iā-tāi ê chhut-chek kap koh tóng siâⁿ--Bí-chut bîn-té 世界大戰 hō-tiān, Italiā ê chhut-kai chhú-kip chòe ke. 

### Chhiān-ūi

Galmanini chhìn-tóng--tè kāi chhut-chhek iûn-kí tī chi̍t--sè khang-hāi, tēng-chek hūn-siūn kap sè-kí. Tī khîng-khì ê seng-giām kap desāi, tō lâng italiā seng-luân ê keng-huâ tē sòaⁿ-khoāi iō͘. 

### Sió-chóng

Tâng seng-giām kap desāi ê chhìn-tóng, Galmanini sī italiā sî-ēng ê seng-luân ū-kiāⁿ ê tōa-tiàm. 

### Giān-chhù

Tēng seng-giām kap desāi ê chiàⁿ-jiân, Galmanini tī Italiā sî-ēng ê seng-luân hô--chè koân-lâng.

## Chhù-hián
YOASOBI

**YOASOBI** sī tī 2019 nî sêng-li̍p, iû chò-khek-ka Ayase kap chhòng-chok koa-chhiú Ikura chó͘-sêng ê Ji̍t-pún siang-lâng ga̍k-thoân. Thoân ê miâ "Yoasobi" tī Ji̍t-gí chí "tī àm-mê chhit-thô" (). **' (''Hiòng Àm-mê Cháu--khì''), **' (*Kûn-chheⁿ*), ** (*Idol*) lóng sī in chiâⁿ chhut-miâ ê koa.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ga̍k-thoân
Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Siông-iōng-sû Sû-tián

***Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Siông-iōng-sû Sû-tián*** sī chi̍t pún Tâi-oân-ōe (pau-hâm Bân-lâm-bûn) iû  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ úi-thok pian-siá. Chit-ê sû-tián ēng Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn (chū Pe̍h-ōe-jī kái--ê), piau-im, mā pau-hâm chē-chē sû-gí--ê siaⁿ-im-tóng. 2013 nî ū 2 bān ê tiâu-bo̍k.

Tī 2000 nî 9 goe̍h, Kok-gí Thui-hêng Úi-oân-hōe thê-chhut chho͘-kî  kè-ōe lâi úi-thok pian-tēng chit-pún sû-tián. 2001 nî  7 goe̍h, Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Siông-iōng Sû-sî-tián Phian-chip Sió-cho͘  siat-li̍p.

2008 nî 10 goe̍h, sû-tián--ê beta (chhek-chhì) pán thui-chhut. 2011 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t, chèng-sek pán thâu chi̍t kái thui-chhut.

Chit pún sû-tián iû pian-chi̍p úi-oân-hōe kè-sio̍k keng-sin, iû Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ê keng-hùi chi-oān. 2018 nî 7 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, sû-tián tōa keng-sin.  2020 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t, Flash ki-su̍t khì-sak, iû HTML5 audio ki-su̍t hòng-sàng sû-gí--ê hoat-im.

## Chham-khó

* Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Thui-chiàn Iōng-jī

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* 

## Chù-kha

Lūi-pia̍t:Sû-tián
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-gí
A-lô-hàn

**A-lô-hàn**(，，), kán-tshing **lô-hàn**(), ì-i̍k **ing-kiong**(), sī Hu̍t-kàu kìng-tiōng-ê sìng-tsiá, kái-thua huân-ló, put siū lûn-huê--ê khóo. I mā-sī Hu̍t-tôo--ê tsa̍p-tsióng tshing-hō tsi it.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Tē-chōng-phô͘-sat

**Tē-chōng-phô͘-sat** (Toē-chōng-phô͘-sat, 地藏菩薩, ), mā hō-chò **Tē-chōng-ông-phô͘-sat** (Toē-chōng-ông-phô͘-sat, 地藏王菩薩), **Tē-chōng-ông** (地藏王), sī Hu̍t-kàu tong-ê phô͘-sat ka sîn-bêng. I chan-keng li̍p-sè, "Tē-ga̍k put khòng, sè put sêng hut" (地獄不空, 誓不成佛), só͘-í i chú-koán tē-ga̍k kà pó-hō͘ bông-chiá, mā ē pì-iū chāi-sè-ê lang, hō͘ lâng kiò chò Bêng-iông-kàu-chú (冥陽教主).

Lūi-pia̍t:Sîn-bêng
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Lūi-pia̍t:Phô͘-sat
SailGP

**SailGP** (Phâng-tsûn Tāi-tsióng sài) sī tsi̍t-hāng kok-tsè phâng-tsûn pí-sài, í ko sìng-lîng F50 tsuí-i̍k siang-thé-tsûn uî ti̍k-sik, tsham-sài tuī-ngóo teh tsi̍t-ê sài-kuì (competition season) ê sè-kài kok-tē kí-hîng to-hāng Tāi-tsióng sài (multiple grands prix). SailGP ê uē-bián kuan-kun sī Tom Slingsby ê Australia SailGP tuī, Au-tsiu tuī in tī 2022-23 nî SailGP kím-phiau-sài tang-tiong liân-suà tē-3 pái tua̍t-kuan.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*2023–24 SailGP championship
*Star Sailors League
*World Match Racing Tour
*Kerch Hái-kiap

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* SailGP website
* SailGP channel on YouTube
Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng

**Tiuⁿ Siān-chèng** (張善政; ) sī chi̍t ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, kang-têng-ha̍k-chiá, Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng che̍k. I sī hiān-jīm Thô-hn̂g-chhī chhī-tiúⁿ, bat chò kòe Hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ, Hêng-chèng-īⁿ hù-īⁿ-tiúⁿ, Kho-ki-pō͘ pō͘-tiúⁿ.
Pí-khiu

**Pí-khiu**(, , ), mā huan-tsò **pit-tso͘**(), sī hu̍t-kàu-ê lâm-sìng tshut-ke-lâng. siū kū-tsiok-kài(), kā pí-khiu-nî ha̍p tshing tshut-ke-jī-tsiòng. It-puann tshing-tsò huê-siūnn() ia̍h-sī su-hū().

## kài-lūn
Tī huān-bûn kā pa-lī-bûn, pí-khiu() sī khit-tsia̍h ê ì-sù. Pí-khiu óa-khò͘ si-tsú pòo-sì lai sing-ua̍h kuè ji̍t-tsí, sóo-í tit-tio̍h tsit-ê miâ. 

Sik-ka-bôo-nî sióng-tsá-ê gōo-ê tē-tsú, mà-sī sióng-tsá-ê pí-khiu, hōo-lâng kiò-tsoh gōo-pí-khiu.　   
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Chang San-cheng

tydastydaytdtydytfastffdytasdytytafsfdtyfytastyasffdyattsyayttasftttyfdytafaydtyddadadasdasdhagdagdyasgduyasgfduydytysfasdydtstfadytafdytadftaftdyusfayuudaydaydudgadfgudfyudfsyudyuftayyuftafagdydayuytdafdtsfytfadsfasttfddtasdtasd9tyas5f2dytas9f8dy2tas*9dyt8sa2d9ytsad2yt89asfdytfs9adytfas9dt9a5tyd29ayt52d9yt5a2d95a2fd9ytas5f2dyt9as5f2d9yasu56443e2d5rd5r53sat644t5udut56t56t56t56
Siáu-sīng

**Siáu-sīng**(, , ), mà kiò-tsò **sió-sîng**, **sió-sêng** sī hu̍t-kàu tiong-ê tsi̍t phài. Tāi-sīng-hu̍t-kàu kā tsá-tsîng-ê thuân-thóng pōo-phài-hu̍t-kàu() lóng-tsóng kiò-tsò siáu-sīng(), tō sī sè-tsiah-tshia, pháinn-tshia ê ì-sù. In jīn-uî-kong tsia-ê thuân-thóng hu̍t-kàu tsiânn tsū-su, lîng-li̍k bô-kàu, kan-na ē-sái tsē kòo ka-kī, kiù tsió-tsió-á lâng, tshin-tshiūnn sè-tâi-tshia-á, sóo-í kiò-tsò siáu-sīng, tsit-má thong-siông sī iōng-lâi tshing-hoo siōng-tsō-pōo hu̍t-kàu() ia̍h-sī lâm-thuân-hu̍t-kàu().
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Tāi-sēng Hu̍t-kàu

**Tāi-sīng-hu̍t-kàu**(, , ), **Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu**, sī Hu̍t-kàu tiong--ê tsi̍t phài. Tshut-hiān tsāi pōo-phài-hu̍t-kàu()--ê bué-āu, In kā tsá-tsîng--ê thuân-thóng hu̍t-kàu kiò-tsò siáu-sēng (), tō sī sè-tsiah-tshia, kan-na ē-sái tsē tsió-tsió-á lâng. In kā ka-kī kiò-tsò Tāi-sīng(, ), tō sī tuā-tâi-tshia, tuā-gû-tshia, ē-tàng tsài tsiânn-tsē lang, tōo-thuat (渡脫) tsiòng-sing.

Tāi-sîng-hu̍t-kàu ū ka-kī--ê king-tián, Tāi-sîng-hu̍t-king, tsông-pài--ê sîn-bîng khah tsē, kài-lu̍t khah tsió. Sìn-gióng Tāi-sîng-hu̍t-kàu ê sóo-tsāi tsú-iàu sī Tiong-kok, se-tsōng, Ji̍t-pún, Hân-kok, Ua̍t-lâm kap Tâi-uân.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Pí-khiu-nî

**Pí-khiu-nî**(, , ),  mā huan-tsoh **pit-tso͘-nî**(), sī hu̍t-kàu-ê lú-sìng tshut-ke-lang. siū kū-tsiok-kài(), kā pí-khiu ha̍p tshing tshut-ke-jī-tsiòng.

tī huān-bûn kā pa-lī-bûn,  pí-khiu() sī khit-tsia̍h ê ì-sù, nî() sī lú-sìng ê ì-sù. Pí-khiu-nî tō sī tsa-bóo pí-khiu, lang-lé-kóng-ê nî-koo() ia̍h-sī koo-á. it-puann hó-lé-ê tshing-tsoh sī su-hū(師父).    
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Chéng-liû-khì

**Chéng-liû-khì** (; ) sī kā kau-liû-tiān (AC) choán-ōaⁿ chò ti̍t-liû-tiān (DC) ê tiān-chú goân-kiāⁿ.

## Chéng-liû tiān-lō͘

### Tan-siōng chéng-liû tiān-lō͘

#### Pòaⁿ-pho chéng-liû-khì
Pòaⁿ-pho chéng-liû-khì (半波整流器, **') kan-taⁿ su-iàu 1 ê [[diode]]. Chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ ē-kha ê tô͘, su-ji̍p sìn-hō sī , keng-kòe chéng-liû-khì liáu-āu, su-chhut sìn-hō chhun ''chiàⁿ-pòaⁿ-chiu'' (正半週, ); ah in-ūi ''hū-pòaⁿ-chiu'' (負半週, ) tiō sī diode ê ge̍k-hiòng phian-ap, bē kòe-tiān, só͘-tì chéng-liû-khì bē su-chhut hū-pòaⁿ-chiu.

[[tóng-àn:Halfwave.rectifier.en.svg|無|縮圖|500x500像素|Pòaⁿ-pho chéng-liû-khì. Tò-chhiú-pêng ê tô͘  sī su-ji̍p sìn-hō; tiong-ng ê tô͘ sī tiān-lō͘-tô͘, ki-tiong D sī [[diode]], i ê tò-chhiú-pêng sī 1 ê [[piàn-ap-khì]]; chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng ê tô͘ sī su-chhut sìn-hō.]]

Su-ji̍p sìn-hō sī chiàⁿ-hiân-pho ê sî-chūn, bô  ê pòaⁿ-pho chéng-liû-khì ê su-chhut tiān-ap sī
: <math>\begin{align}
V_\mathrm {rms} &= \frac{V_\mathrm {peak}}{2}\\[8pt]
V_\mathrm {dc} &= \frac{V_\mathrm {peak}}{\pi}
\end{align}</math>

tī chia:
: ''V''<sub>dc</sub> sī su-chhut ê DC tiān-ap, khiā-sǹg-kóng sī pêng-kin su-chhut tiān-ap ''V''<sub>av</sub>;
: ''V''<sub>peak</sub> sī siōng-ūi su-ji̍p tiān-ap ê hong-gia̍h (峰額, **');
: *V*rms sī su-chhut tiān-ap ê  () value of output voltage.

#### Choân-pho chéng-liû

### Sam-siōng chéng-liû tiān-lō͘

## Chham-khó chu-liāu


Lūi-pia̍t:Chéng-liû-khì
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-chú goân-kiāⁿ
Iu-pô-î

**Iu-pô-î**(, ) sī hu̍t-kàu lú-sìng--ê tsāi-ke sìn-tôo. kā iu-pô-sài ha̍p-tshing "tsāi-ke jī-tsiòng". It-puann tshing-tsò ku-sū().

hu̍t-kàu li̍k-sú-siōng tē-it-uī iu-pô-î sī sik-ka-bôo-nî ê tē-tsú iâ-sià() ê bú-tshin. i-ê hū-tshin tsik-sī tē it uī--ê iu-pô-sài.　
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
CMOS

**CMOS** (; ) sī chi̍t chióng MOSFET chè-chō ki-su̍t. CMOS ê *MOS* sī kim-sio̍k, sng-hòa-bu̍t, pòaⁿ-tō-thé, chit 3 hāng sī MOSFET ê gate só͘ sú-iōng ê châi-chit; *C* sī hō͘-pó͘ (互補) ê ì-sù, tiō sī chi̍t ê p-type MOSFET (PMOS) kap chi̍t ê  n-type MOSFET (NMOS) pâi keh-piah, án-ne lâi si̍t-hiān lô-chi̍p kong-lêng. Phì-lūn-kóng ko͘-chi̍t-ê CMOS tiō ē-sái chò NOT gate. CMOS sī hiān-tāi chek-thé tiān-lō͘ (IC) ê ki-pún kò͘-sêng tan-ūi.
[縮圖|Chēng-thài CMOS inverter ([NOT gate). **V<sub>dd</sub>** kap **V<sub>ss</sub>** hun-pia̍t tāi-piáu drain kap source ê tiān-ap. A sī su-ji̍p, Q sī su-chhut.]]
置中|縮圖|500x500像素|CMOS ê toān-bīn-tô͘ (斷面圖), tò-chhiú-pêng sī 1 ê NMOS, chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng sī 1 ê PMOS.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Lūi-pia̍t:Chek-thé tiān-lō͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Sò͘-ūi tiān-lō͘
Chāi-ke

**Tsāi-ke**() sī hu̍t-kàu lāi-té bô tshut-ke ê sìn-tôo, hun-tsò Iu-pô-sài kā Iu-pô-î nn̄g-tsióng, ha̍p tshing tsāi-ke-jī-tsiòng. It-puann tshing-tsò ku-sū()

Tsí-iàu tsiap-siū sam-kui-i tō sǹg-sī tsāi-ke-ê sìn-tsiòng. Ē-tàng kiat-hun senn-kiánn, kiàn-li̍p ka-tîng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Sa-mî

**Sa-mî**(, ), **sa-bî** sī hu̍t-kàu tiong iah-buē sîng-liân-ê lâm-sìng tshut-ke-lâng. In-uī nî-kí siunn-sè, iah buē-tàng lai tsiap-siū kū-tsiok-kài(具足戒), kan-na ē-tàng siū si̍p-kài(),  tsit iūnn--ê tshut-ke su-hū(師父) kiò-tsò sa-mî.

Tī huān-gí kā pa-lī-gí lāi-té, sa-mî() tsit-ê sû sī àn sa-bûn(, ) piàn-lai, ì-sù sī sè-hàn sa-bûn, siàu-liân sa-bûn, sió sa-bûn. Sik-ka-bôo-nî ê hāu-senn Lô-hôo-lô(羅睺羅) sī hu̍t-kàu li̍k-sú-siōng thâu tsi̍t uī sa-mî.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Sa-mī-nî

**Sa-mī-nî**(, ), **sa-mî-nî**, **sa-bî-nî**, sī hu̍t-kàu tiong iah-buē sîng-liân-ê lú-sìng tshut-ke-lâng. In-uī nî-kí siunn-sè, iah buē-tàng lai tsiap-siū kū-tsiok-kài(具足戒), kan-na ē-tàng siū si̍p-kài(),  tsit iūnn-ê tshut--ke lú su-hū(師父) kiò-tsoh sa-mī-nî.

Tī huān-gí kā pa-lī-gí lāi-té, sa-mī-nî() sī àn iông-sìng-ê sa-mî() piàn-tsoh im-sìng lâi--ê, ì-sù sī tsa-bóo sa-mî, lú sa-mî.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Hân-kok-hêng Kun-sū Cheng-chhat Ōe-chheⁿ 1 Hō

**Hân-kok-hêng Kun-sū Cheng-chhat Ōe-chheⁿ 1 Hō** (Hân-kok-ōe: 한국형 군 정찰위성 1호기/韓國型軍偵察衛星1號機) sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok thâu chi̍t kái chhut--ê Kun-sū Ōe-chheⁿ.

## Tsù-kái


Lūi-pia̍t:Oē-chheⁿ
Hân-kok-hêng Chhiau-im-sok Tùi-lām Hui-tôaⁿ

**Hân-kok-hêng Chhiau-im-sok Tùi-lām Hui-tôaⁿ** () sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê Chhiau-im-sok Hui-tôaⁿ.

## Siong-koan

## Chù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Tō-tān lūi-hêng
Lūi-pia̍t:Hân-kok
Iu-pô-sài

**Iu-pô-sài**(, ) sī hu̍t-kàu lâm-sìng tsāi-ke-ê sìn-tôo. kā iu-pô-î ha̍p tshing tsāi-ke-jī-tsiòng. It-puann tshing-tsoh ku-sū().

Sik-ka-bôo-nî ê tē-tsú iâ-sià() i-ê hū-tshin sī hu̍t-kàu li̍k-sú-siōng tē-it-uī iu-pô-sài. I-ê bú-tshin tsik-sī tē-it-uī-ê iu-pô-î.　　
Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu
Hiān-chāi ê kok-ka chí-tō-chiá lia̍t-toaⁿ

Hiān-chāi ê kok-ka chí-tō-chiá lia̍t-toaⁿ.

## Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân kap koan-chhat-oân

## Kî-thaⁿ kok-ka
Liân-ha̍p-kok hoē-oân ê liân-hē-pang:

M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok:

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó
Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Gōa-kau-pō͘

**Gōa-kau-pō͘** () sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê gōa-kau ê chú-koán ki-koan. Hiān-jīm Gōa-kau pō͘-tiúⁿ sī Lîm Ka-liông.

## Chó͘-chit

### Hù-sio̍k ki-koan
* Gōa-kau-pō͘ Léng-sū Sū-bū Kio̍k

## Siong-koan tiâu-bo̍k
* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok gōa-kau
** Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chū-gōa ki-kò͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ
** Chū Tâi-oân gōa-kau ki-kò͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ
* Tâi-pak Keng-chè Bûn-hoà Tāi-piáu-chhù
* Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún Koan-hē Hia̍p-hōe
* Tâi-oân Bîn-chú Ki-kim-hōe

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 


G 
B 
Lūi-pia̍t:Hêng-chèng-īⁿ
Lô Chong-lo̍k

縮圖|Lô Chong-lo̍k
**Lô Chong-lo̍k** (羅宗洛; ) sī chi̍t ūi Tiong-kok si̍t-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k-ka, kàu-io̍k-ka.

## Seng-pêng

### Chá-nî
Lô Chong-lo̍k tī Chheng-kok Chiat-kang-séng Hông-giâm-koān chhut-sì, siáu-liân sî-chūn khì Ji̍t-pún liû-ha̍k, 1930 nî the̍h-tio̍h Pak-hái-tō Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k ê lông-gia̍p phok-sū. Tńg-khì Tiong-kok liáu-āu, tī , ,  ê kàu-siū.

### Jīm-chit Tâi-tāi
1945 nî, Jī-chiàn kiat-sok, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chiàm-niá Tâi-oân. Lô Chong-lo̍k tāi-piáu Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-bîn Chèng-hú Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ khì Tâi-oân chiap-siu Tâi-pak Tè-kok Tāi-ha̍k, chò Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k thâu chi̍t jīm hāu-tiúⁿ. Āu-lâi Lô Chong-lo̍k ê lí-liām kah téng-si sio-ke̍h, koh ū hāu-bū keng-hùi bô-kàu-gia̍h ê būn-tê, i chū-án-ne tī 1946 nî 5--goe̍h lī-chit, tńg-khì Tiong-kok Siōng-hái ê Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘ chò só͘-tiúⁿ.

### Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sî-kî
1948 nî Lô Chong-lo̍k Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ tē-1-kài īⁿ-sū, bô goān-ì koh tòe  khì Tâi-oân, lâu tàm Siōng-hái gêng-chiap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kiàn-li̍p. 1953 nî tiû-kiàn Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ Si̍t-bu̍t Seng-lí-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘, chò thâu-chi̍t-jīm só͘-tiúⁿ. 1955 nî tòng-soán Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ tē-1-kài īⁿ-sū. 

Bûn-hòa Tāi Kek-bēng kî-kan, Lô Chong-lo̍k hŏng hām-hāi, chē-kaⁿ 6 tang, koh hŏng chhú-hoa̍t, chò .

1978 nî, Lô Chong-lo̍k tī Siōng-hái ê Tiong-san Pēⁿ-īⁿ pēⁿ-sē.

## Ha̍k-su̍t sêng-chiū

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

* 李東華、楊宗霖編，《羅宗洛校長與臺大相關史料集》，國立台灣大學出版中心，2007年，台北市

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ Seng-bēng Kho-ha̍k Cho͘ īⁿ-sū
Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k ê kàu-siū
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê si̍t-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ ê só͘-tiúⁿ
Lūi-pia̍t:Pak-hái-tō Tāi-ha̍k ê hāu-iú
Chng Tiông-kiong

縮圖|Chng Tiông-kiong
**Chng Tiông-kiong** (莊長恭; ), pió-jī **Phi-khó** (丕可), sī chi̍t ūi Tiong-kok iú-ki hòa-ha̍k-ka.

## Seng-pêng
1894 nî, Chng Tiông-kiong tī Chheng-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-hú Chìn-kang-koān chhut-sì. Chū Pak-kiaⁿ Lông-gia̍p Choan-mn̂g Ha̍k-hāu (taⁿ ê Tiong-kok Lông-gia̍p Tāi-ha̍k) pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, the̍h-tio̍h chióng-ha̍k-kim, khì Bîn-kok  liû-ha̍k, 1925 nî the̍h-tio̍h phok-sū.

1925 nî, tńg-khì Tiong-kok kà-chheh. 1931 nî khì  chò gián-kiú.

1948 nî, tòng-soán Tiong-iong Gián-kiù-īⁿ tē-1-kài īⁿ-sū.

1948 nî 6--goe̍h, Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k ê Lio̍k Chì-hông hāu-tiúⁿ lī-chit, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú phài Chng Tiông-kiong khì Tâi-oân chiap-jīm Tâi-tāi hāu-tiúⁿ. Chng khai-sí chò hāu-tiúⁿ liáu-āu, chhéng-sî kúi-nā pài, lo̍h-bóe tī 1948 nî 12--goe̍h, lî-khui Tâi-tāi, hāu-tiúⁿ chit-ūi kau hō͘ I-ha̍k-īⁿ īⁿ-tiúⁿ Tō͘ Chhong-bêng.

1949 nî, tam-jīm Tiong-kok Kho-ha̍k-īⁿ Iú-ki Hòa-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘ tē-1-jīm só͘-tiúⁿ. 

1954 nî, tòng-soán tē-1-kài Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hôe ê tāi-piáu, siong-bū úi-oân-hōe ê úi-oân,

## Ha̍k-su̍t sêng-chiū

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

T
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok hòa-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k hāu-tiúⁿ
Kiâu-bū Úi-oân-hōe

**Kiâu-bū Úi-oân-hōe** (僑務委員會), kán-chheng **Kiâu-úi-hōe** (僑委會), sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú chhú-lí kiâu-bîn sū-bū ê chòe-ko chú-koán ki-koan. 1926 nî sêng-li̍p, 1932 nî kái lē-sio̍k Hêng-chèng-īⁿ,  hiān-sî tī Tâi-oân Tâi-pak-chhī pān-kong. 

## Chó͘-chit

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* 僑務委員會
* 

## Siong-koan tiâu-bo̍k
* Hôa-kiâu

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiâu-bū pō͘-bûn

C 
Lūi-pia̍t:Hêng-chèng-īⁿ
Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe

**Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe** (客家委員會; Kheh-ōe Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ), kán-chheng **Kheh-úi-hōe** (客委會) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú chhú-lí Kheh-ka cho̍k-kûn sū-bū ê chòe-ko chú-koán ki-koan, lē-sio̍kHêng-chèng-īⁿ. 2001 nî sêng-li̍p, bo̍k-piau sī ho̍k-heng Tâi-oân ê Kheh-ka bûn-hòa.

## Chó͘-chit

* Chú-jīm úi-oân (1 ê lâng)
** Hù-chú-jīm úi-oân (2 ê lâng: chèng-bū, siông-bū)
*** Chú-jīm pì-su (1 ê lâng)
** Úi-oân (21–27 ê lâng)
* Gia̍p-bū tan-ūi
** Chong-ha̍p Kui-ōe Chhù
** Gí-giân Hoat-tián Chhù
** Sán-gia̍p Keng-chè Chhù
** Gē-bûn Thoân-pò͘ Chhù
* Bō͘-liâu tan-ūi
** Pì-su-sek
** Jîn-sū-sek
** Chèng-hong-sek
** Chú-kè-sek
* Jīm-bū pian-cho͘
** Hoat-kui-hōe (法規會): siông-siat
** Kheh-chng 368 Choan-àn Pān-kong-sek (客庄369專案辦公室)
* Só͘-sio̍k Tan-ūi
** Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe Kheh-ka Bûn-hòa Hoat-tián Tiong-sim
*** 
*** 

## Chú-jīm úi-oân

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* 客家委員會
* 客家文化發展中心
* 
* 


C 
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Kheh-lâng
Lūi-pia̍t:Cho̍k-kûn sū-bū pō͘-bûn
Lūi-pia̍t:Hêng-chèng-īⁿ
Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat

***Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat*** (中華民國憲法) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê hiàn-hoat, ū siōng koân ê hoat-lu̍t ūi-kai (位階). 1946 nî 12 goe̍h 25, Chè-hiān Kôk-bîn Tai-hōe tī Lâm-kiaⁿ-chhī gī-koat thong-kòe; 1947 nî goân-tàn, Kok-bîn Chèng-hú kong-pò͘, kâng-nî 12 goe̍h 25 si̍t-si. Kui phiⁿ ū 14 chiong, 175 tiâu.

## Chham-kiàn
* *[[Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat Cheng-siu Tiâu-bûn]]*

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

T
H
H
H
H
Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lio̍k-kun

**Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lio̍k-kun** (中華民國陸軍) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê lio̍k-kun, lē-sio̍k Kok-hông-pō͘ Lio̍k-kun Su-lēng-pō͘. Hiān-chú-sî Lio̍k-kun ū 3 ê kun-thoân, 4 ê hông-ōe chí-hui-pō͘, 1 ê hâng-khong te̍k-chiàn chí-hui-pō͘, 4 ê tē-khu chí-hui-pō͘, 4 ê chong-kah-lú, 3 ê ki-hâi-hòa pō͘-peng-lú, 3 ê phàu-peng chí-hui-pō͘, 2 ê hâng-khong-lú, 1 ê hui-hêng hùn-liān chí-hui-pō͘, 1 ê te̍k-chióng-chok-chiàn chí-hui-pō͘、11 ê  pō͘-peng-lú, 18 ê koān-chhī  lú, 6 ê hiō-pī chiau-hùn tiong-sim, kiau 5 ê siú-pī tōa-tūi, chóng jîn-sò͘ tāi-iok sī 13 bān thóng lâng, sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kok-kun lāi-té siōng chē lâng ê kun-chióng.

## Le̍k-sú

## Chó͘-chit

### Pō͘-tūi

* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Tē 6 Kun-thoân Chí-hui-pō͘
** Phàu-peng Tē 21 Chí-hui-pō͘
** Hòa-ha̍k-peng Tē 33 Kûn
** Kang-peng Tē 53 Kûn
** 20x20像素 Kan-tāu Tē-khu Chí-hui-pō͘
** 20x20像素 Lân-iông Tē-khu Chí-hui-pō͘
** 27x27像素 Ki-hâi-hòa Pō͘-peng Tē 269 Lú
** 20x20像素 Chong-kah Tē 542 Lú
** 20x20像素 Chong-kah Tē 584 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 153 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 206 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 109 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 249 Lú
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Tē 10 Kun-thoân Chí-hui-pō͘
** Phàu-peng Tē 58 Chí-hui-pō͘
** Hòa-ha̍k-peng Tē 36 Kûn
** Kang-peng Tē 52 Kûn
** Ki-hâi-hòa Pō͘-peng Tē 234 Lú
** 20x20像素 Chong-kah Tē 586 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 101 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 104 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 257 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 302 Lú
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Tē 8 Kun-thoân Chí-hui-pō͘
** Phàu-peng Tē 43 Chí-hui-pō͘
** Kang-peng Tē 54 Kûn
** Ki-hâi-hòa Pō͘-peng Tē 333 Lú
** 20x20像素 Chong-kah Tē 564 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 203 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 117 Lú
** Pō͘-peng Tē 137 Lú
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Hoa-tang Tē-khu Hông-ōe Chí-hui-pō͘
** Tâi-tang Tē-khu Chí-hui-pō͘
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Phêⁿ-ô͘ Hông-ōe Chí-hui-pō͘
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Kim-mn̂g Hông-ōe Chí-hui-pō͘
** Kim-mn̂g Phàu-peng-kûn
** Kim-mn̂g Siú-pī Tōa-tūi
** Lia̍t-sū Siú-pī Tōa-tūi
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Má-chó͘ Hông-ōe Chí-hui-pō͘
** Lâm-kan Siú-pī Tōa-tūi
** Pak-kan Siú-pī Tōa-tūi
** Pak-ko Siú-pī Tōa-tūi
* 20x20像素 Lio̍k-kun Tang-ín Tē-khu Chí-hui-pō͘
* 22x22像素 Lio̍k-kun Hâng-khong Te̍k-chiàn Chí-hui-pō͘
** Hâng-khong Tē 601 Lú
** Hâng-khong Tē 602 Lú
** Hui-hêng Hùn-liān Chí-hui-pō͘
** Te̍k-chióng Chok-chiàn Chí-hui-pō͘
** Tē 111 Lióng-chhe Cheng-cha-iâⁿ
** Ko-khong Te̍k-chióng Khîn-bū Tiong-tūi
* Lio̍k-kun Kàu-io̍k Hùn-liān kì Chún-chek Hoat-tián Chí-hui-pō͘
* Lio̍k-kun Āu-khîn Chí-hui-pō͘
* 20x20像素Hiō-pī Chí-hui-pō͘ (Lio̍k-kun pian-phòe tan-ūi, pian-chè lē-sio̍k Choân-bîn Hông-ōe Tōng-oân Sú)

[縮圖|265x265像素|[Sêng-kong-niá iâⁿ-khu ê Lio̍k-kun sū-peng]]

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lāi-chèng-pō͘

**Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lāi-chèng-pō͘** (中華民國內政部) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê lāi-chèng chòe-ko chú-koán ki-koan, lē-sio̍k Hêng-chèng-īⁿ. Gia̍p-bū hoān-ûi chin khoah, ū jîn-kháu, hō͘-chèng, tē-chèng,  (役政), tī-an (kéng-chèng), î-bîn (chhut-ji̍p-kok), chong-kàu, pìn-chòng, lé-siok chè-sū, jîn-bîn thoân-thé koán-lí, chai-hāi koán-lí (siau-hông), kok-ka kong-hn̂g koán-lí, kok-thó͘ kui-ōe téng-téng.

## Chó͘-chit
### Hù-sio̍k ki-koan/ki-kò͘
#### 3-kip ki-koan/ki-kò͘
* Kéng-chèng Sú
* Siau-hông Sú
* Î-bîn Sú
* Kok-thó͘ Koán-lí Sú
* Kok-ka-kong-hn̂g Sú
* Tiong-iong Kéng-chhat Tāi-ha̍k

## Siong-koan tiâu-bo̍k
* Tâi-oân tē-lí

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

 

Lūi-pia̍t:Lāi-chèng pō͘-bûn