open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tâi-oân ê soaⁿ-me̍h lia̍t-toaⁿ

Tâi-oân sī chi̍t ê lâm-pak e̍h-tn̂g, koân-soaⁿ bi̍t-pò͘ ê tó-sū, soaⁿ-me̍h ê hun-pò͘ chhiòng-koàn choân Tâi-oân. Nā chiàu soaⁿ-me̍h iân-sin ê oân-chéng-sèng, tāi-khài ē-tàng khu-hun chò lâm-pak-hiòng ê Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-me̍h, Soat-soaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h, Gio̍k-san Soaⁿ-me̍h, A-lí-san Soaⁿ-me̍h kap Hái-hōaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h téng 5 tōa soaⁿ-me̍h. Lēng-gōa iáu-koh ū khiā tī sai-pak-pêng ê Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn kap kî-thaⁿ sió-hêng soaⁿ-me̍h.

*Tiong-iong Soaⁿ-me̍h
**Pat-kòa-san Soaⁿ-me̍h
*Soat-soaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h
**Ka-lí-san Soaⁿ-me̍h
*Gio̍k-san Soaⁿ-me̍h
*A-lí-san Soaⁿ-me̍h
*Hái-hōaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h
*Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn
Sirimavo Bandaranaike

**Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike** (1916 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 2000 nî 10 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Sri Lanka ê chèng-tī-chiá, i keng-kòe só͘ sio̍k chèng-tóng tī 1960 Ceylon (Sri Lanka kū-miâ) ê chóng-soán-kí sèng-lī, chiâⁿ chò sī thong-sè-kài thâu chi̍t ūi lú-sèng siú-siòng. I tāi-seng tī 1965 nî kiat-sok tē-it kái siú-siòng jīm-kî, liáu-āu koh tī 1970 kàu 1977; koh ū 1994 kàu 2000 nî kî-kan chài-jīm.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Elizabeth Stern

**Elizabeth Stern** (1915 nî 9 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 1980 nî 8 goe̍h 18 ji̍t) sī Ka-ná-tah chhut-sì ê Bí-kok pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k-chiá. I choân-bûn tī sè-pau tùi chèng-siông kàu gâm-hòa ê chìn-hêng kòe-têng kai-tōaⁿ.

## Chhut-sin
Stern 1915 nî 9 goe̍h 15 ùi Ontario ê Cobalt chhut-sì, siàu-liân sî tī Toronto Tāi-hak tit tio̍h i-ha̍k ha̍k-ūi--ê. Chut-gia̍p liáu-āu i keh tang chiō kòe Bí-kok, 1943 nî ê sî kui-hòa Bí-kok kong-bîn. Stern sòa--lo̍h-lâi ùi Pennsylvania I-ha̍k Ha̍k-hāu, koh ū Los Angeles ê Good Samaritan and Cedars of Lebanon Pēⁿ-īⁿ siū hùn-liān. 

## I-ha̍k sū-gia̍p
Stern sī i siāng thâu phoe ê sè-pau pēⁿ-lí-ha̍k-chiá chi it. Tùi 1963 nî khai-sí, i tī Los Angeles ê California Tāi-ha̍k (UCLA) lāi-ê Kong-kiōng Kiān-khong Ha̍k-hāu (*School of Public Health*) chò e̍k-ha̍k kàu-siū. 

I tī choan-bûn hun-iá ê gián-kiù, í-keng hoat-kìⁿ liáu tī chú-kiong-kún-gâm hêng-sêng í-chêng ê 250 khoán bô-kâng ê sè-pau chìn-hêng kai-tōaⁿ.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Caucasus

**Caucasus** (), hi̍k-tsiá **Caucasia** (), sī chiap tī Au-chiu kap A-chiu hun-kài téng-bīn ê chi̍t khu tē-hng, sai-pêng óa O͘-hái, tang-pêng óa Caspi Hái

## Tsù-kái
Pho-lân Sūi-tián chiàn-cheng

Pho-lân Lietuva kap Sūi-tián chi kan tī 1536 nî kàu 1721 nî kî-kan hoat-seng kòe chē kái chiàn-cheng. Lāi-bīn pau-koat ū:

* Livonia Chiàn-cheng (1558–83 nî)
* Khòng Sigismund Chiàn-cheng (1598 nî)
* 1600 nî kàu 1629 nî kan ê chiàn-cheng (mā thang sǹg chò Saⁿ-cha̍p-nî Chiàn-cheng chi̍t pō͘-hūn):
** Pho-lân Sūi-tián Chiàn-cheng (1600–11 nî)
** Pho-lân Sūi-tián Chiàn-cheng (1617–18 nî)
** Pho-lân Sūi-tián Chiàn-cheng (1621–25 nî)
** Pho-lân Sūi-tián Chiàn-cheng (1626–29 nî)
* 17 sè-kí ê Tāi-hông-súi sî-tāi, sǹg Pak-hong Chiàn-cheng (1655 nî – 1661 nî) chi̍t pō͘-hūn.
* Tōa Pak-hong Chiàn-cheng (1700–21 nî)

## Kî-tha
* Tē-sì Tông-bêng Chiàn-cheng (1806 ni – 1807 nî), sòa-chiap Pho-lân ê Hun-koah.
* Tē-la̍k Tông-bêng Chiàn-cheng, tong-sî Warsaw Kong-kok sī Napoleon ê kiat-bêng-kok, Sūi-tián Ông-kok sio̍k hoán Napoleon tông-bêng sè-le̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pho-lân ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-tián ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Koan-sia̍p tio̍h Pho-lân ê chiàn-cheng
Lūi-pia̍t:Koan-sia̍p tio̍h Sūi-tián ê chiàn-cheng
Caspi Hái

**Caspi Hái** sī Tē-kiû piáu-biān-chek siāng khoah ê lōe-lio̍k chú-thé, mā ē-tàng sǹg sī thong-sè-kài siāng tōa ê ô͘. Hái sì-ûi kok-ka, tī tang-pak-pêng sī Kazakhstan, sai-pak-pêng sī Lō͘-se-a, sai-pêng sī Azerbaijan, lâm-pêng sī Iran, nā tang-lâm-pêng koh ū Turkmenistan
Piau-chún-gí

**Piau-chún-gí** (標準語), mā hō-chò **piau-chún hong-giân** (標準方言), sī chi̍t chióng giân-gí ê chèng-kui, ēng chèng-kui ê gí-hoat kap chèng-kui ê hoat-im. Tī kong-khai ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p kóng-ōe, thong-siông ē sú-iōng piau-chún-gí, in-ūi chi̍t-kóa gōa-tē lâng m̄-bat chāi-tē ê hong-giân. Keng-kòe piau-chún-hòa ê hong-giân chiū-sī piau-chún-gí, hām jīm-hô tē-khu hong-giân bô-kāng.

## Siong-koan
*Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân
*Kok-gí
*Bûn-gí

## Chham-khó
Soaⁿ-lūn

**Soaⁿ-lūn** (山崙; *highland*) sī chi̍t khoán tē-hêng, koân-tō͘ tī pêⁿ-po͘ kap soaⁿ ê tiong-kan, iû chē-chē liân-mî ê lūn-á cho͘-sêng.
Lūn-á

**Lūn-á** (崙仔; *hill*) sī chi̍t chióng pí chiu-piⁿ tē-sè khah-koân tām-po̍h-á ê tē-hêng.
Saⁿ-kak-chiu

**Saⁿ-kak-chiu** (三角洲) sī khe-kháu ê chhiong-chek pêⁿ-po͘, chi̍t chióng chiâⁿ chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tē-hêng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pêⁿ-po͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Khe
Tâm-tē

**Tâm-tē** (; ), he̍k-chiá **làm-á-tē** (湳仔地), **sip-tē** (溼地), sī ūi-tī lio̍k-seng kap chúi-seng 2-chióng seng-thài hē-thóng tiong-kan ê kòe-tō͘ tē-tài. Tī thô͘ chìm tī-leh chúi-tiong ê te̍k-tēng khoân-kéng hā, tâm-tē seng-tióng chē-chē chúi-chháu.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-bu̍t to-iūⁿ-sèng
Pho-su Koân-phiâⁿ

**Pho-su Koân-phiâⁿ** (Eng: *Persian Plateau*), he̍k-chiá **Iran Koân-phiâⁿ** (*Iranian Plateau*), sī tī A-chiu se-lâm-pêng ê chi̍t tè koân-phiâⁿ tē-tài; sī iû Au-A Pán-khoài kap A-la-pek Pán-khoài sio lòng só͘ hêng-sêng ê.
Au-A Chháu-po͘

**Au-A Chháu-po͘** (*Eurasian Steppe*) sī chi̍t tè ha̍hⁿ-kòe Au-A Tāi-lio̍k ê un-tài chháu-po͘. Au-A Chháu-po͘ só͘ hâm-kài ê hoān-ûi sī ùi sai-pêng ê Hông-gâ-lī kap Ú-khek-lân khai-sí, it-ti̍t iân-sin kàu tang-pêng ê Bông-kó͘ kap Tiong-kok tang-pak.

Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê tē-hêng
Lūi-pia̍t:A-chiu ê tē-hêng
Ta-chháu-po͘

**Ta-chháu-po͘** (焦草埔) sī chi̍t khoán tē-lí hêng-thài, nî kàng-ú-liōng tāi-iok 35 chì 550 hô-bí. Sêng-tióng tī ta-chháu-po͘ ê ko-téng si̍t-bu̍t ū 800-gōa chióng; lēng-gōa, in-ê kàng-ú-liōng kap si̍t-bu̍t chióng-lūi iā lóng pí soa-bo̍k chē.
Loa̍h-á-chhân

**Loa̍h-á-chhân** (捋仔田; *terrace*) sī chi̍t têng chi̍t têng ê soaⁿ-lūn choh-sit-khu. Loa̍h-á-chhân it-poaⁿ lóng chhái-iōng lâng-kang he̍k-chiá kńg-lō͘ lâi su-sàng chúi, ē-tàng pó-chhî chúi-thó͘, pī-bián ak-chhân iōng-chúi chō-sêng khòai-sok ê tē-bīn liû-sit.

Lūi-pia̍t:Lông-tē
Pa-se Koân-phiâⁿ

**Pa-se Koân-phiâⁿ** (Phû: *o Planalto Brasileiro*) sī Lâm Bí-chiu tang-pō͘ Pa-se kéng-lāi ê chi̍t tōa tè koân-phiâⁿ. Chóng bīn-chek 500-gōa bān pêng-hong kong-lí, i sī thong-sè-kài tē-it tōa koân-phiâⁿ. Bīn-chek chiàm Pa-se kok-thó͘ ê chi̍t-pòaⁿ í-siōng, 80% ê Pa-se jîn-kháu iā tòa tī-leh chia. Pa-se Koân-phiâⁿ lâm-pêng koân ah pak-pêng kē, pêng-kin hái-poa̍t tī 500 chì 800 kong-chhioh tiong-kan.

Lūi-pia̍t:Lâm Bí-chiu ê tē-lí
Lūi-pia̍t:Koân-phiâⁿ
Au-chiu Pêⁿ-po͘

**Au-chiu Pêⁿ-po͘** (*European Plain*) sī Au-chiu ê chi̍t phìⁿ kē-tē pêⁿ-po͘. Che sī choân Au-chiu siōng-tōa tè ê pêⁿ-tháⁿ koh bô soaⁿ-niá ê tē-māu; put-kò tī pêⁿ-po͘ lāi, iu-goân ū chi̍t-kóa koân-phiâⁿ chûn-chāi. Au-chiu Pêⁿ-po͘ ùi Pirineo Soaⁿ-me̍h kap Biscay Oan khai-sí, hiòng tang-pêng ha̍hⁿ-kòe tōa-pòaⁿ ê Au-chiu, kàu Ural Soaⁿ-me̍h, hām Au-A Chháu-po͘ sio-chiap.
Soa-bo̍k-hòa

**Soa-bo̍k-hòa** (沙漠化; *desertification*) sī goân-té ū si̍t-bu̍t khàm-leh ê thó͘-tē piàn-sêng hng-po͘ ê hiān-siōng. Chia só͘ kóng ê "soa-bo̍k" sī kiông-tiāu thó͘-tē bô sek-ha̍p si̍t-bu̍t sêng-tióng kap lông-gia̍p hoat-tián, pēng m̄-sī kóng tē-he̍k ê khì-hāu pún-sin ta-sò só͘ hêng-sêng ê soa-bo̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Soa-bo̍k
Hn̂g-tē

**Hn̂g-tē** (園地) sī m̄-bián thiok-chúi iā bô ak-chhân siat-si ê lông-tē, the̍h-lâi chéng bô su-iàu tōa-liōng chúi-hūn ê lông-chok-bu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ thô͘-tāu, mî-hoe kap be̍h-á. Hn̂g-tē khah chia̍p chhut-hiān tī khì-hāu khah ta-sò he̍k-chiá khiàm-khoeh ak-chhân siat-si ê só͘-chāi.
Lông-tē

**Lông-tē** (農地) sī ē-ēng the̍h-lâi chéng lông-chok-bu̍t ê thó͘-tē. Tī Bân-lâm-gí lāi-bīn, ū chúi ê lông-tē kiò chò **chhân** (田, 塍), bô chúi ê lông-tē kiò chò **hn̂g** (園).
Tâi-oân ê tó-sū lia̍t-toaⁿ

Pún ia̍h kài-siāu bo̍k-chiân iû Tâi-oân ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú iú-hāu thóng-tī ê tó-sū.

## Lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Chham-khó
Ke-lâng-soaⁿ

**Ke-lâng-soaⁿ** (基隆山) sī Tâi-oân tang-pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t lia̍p soaⁿ; ūi-tī Sin-pak-chhī Sūi-hong-khu, piau-ko 588 kong-chhioh.
Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó

**Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó** (澎湖群島), he̍k-chiá **Phêⁿ-ô͘ Lia̍t-tó** (澎湖列島), sī tī Tâi-oân Hái-kiap téng ê chi̍t tīn kûn-tó. Tang-pêng bīn 50 kong-lí sī Tâi-oân-tó, sai-pêng bīn 140 kong-lí sī Au-A Tāi-lio̍k. Kûn-tó lóng-chóng ū 90-ê tōa-tōa-sè-sè ê tó-sū, chóng biān-chek tāi-iok 128 pêng-hong  kong-lí. Choân-kéng lē-sio̍k tī Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān koán-hat, sī Tâi-oân ê tē-it tōa lī-tó.

## Tó-sū

* Phêⁿ-ô͘ Pún-tó (Tōa-soaⁿ-sū)
* Pe̍h-soa-tó
* Sai-sū (Hî-ong-sū)
* Bāng-oaⁿ-tó
* Chhit-bí-sū (Tōa-sū)
* Ka-pòa-sū
* Chiáu-sū
* Tiong-tūn-sū
* Tōa-chhng-sū
* Îⁿ-pòa-sū
* Ba̍k-táu-sū
* Sió-mn̂g-sū
* Hó͘-chéⁿ-sū
* Tháng-pôaⁿ-sū
* Hoe-sū
* Chiong-kun-ò-sū
* Tang-kiat-sū
* Sai-kiat-sū
* Tang-sū-phiâⁿ-sū
* Sai-sū-phiâⁿ-sū
Ē-mn̂g-oan

**Ē-mn̂g-oan** (厦门湾) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng ê keng-chè te̍k-khu Ē-mn̂g-chhī kap Chiang-chiu Liông-hái-chhī tiong-kan ê chi̍t phìⁿ hái-oan. Ē-mn̂g-oan sī Kiú-liông-káng ê chhut-hái-kháu.
Tōa-tō͘-soaⁿ

**Tōa-tō͘-soaⁿ** (大肚山) sī Tâi-tiong-chhī ê chi̍t tè tâi-tē, só͘-í iā hō-chò **Tōa-tō͘ Tâi-tē** (大肚台地). Tōa-tō͘-soaⁿ giap tī-leh Tāi-kah-khe kap Tōa-tō͘-khe tiong-kan.
Ke-lâng Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn

**Ke-lâng Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn** (基隆火山群) sī Tâi-oân tang-pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t kûn hóe-soaⁿ.

## Siong-koan
*Káu-hūn
*Sūi-hong-khu
Tâi-oân ê hóe-soaⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ

Che sī **[[Tâi-oân]] ê [[hóe-soaⁿ]] lia̍t-toaⁿ**.

## Lia̍t-toaⁿ
### Pak-pō͘
#### Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn

*Iûⁿ-bêng-soaⁿ
*Biān-thian-san
*Chhit-chhiⁿ-soaⁿ

#### Ke-lâng Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn

*Chháu-niá-soaⁿ
*Ku-soaⁿ-tó
*Ke-lâng-sū
*Mî-hoe-sū
*Phêⁿ-ka-sū
*Hoe-pân-sū

### Se-pō͘
*Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó

### Tang-pō͘
*Hái-hōaⁿ Soaⁿ-me̍h
*Le̍k-tó
*Lân-sū

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
**Tâi-oân ê hóe-soaⁿ oa̍h-tāng kap hóe-sêng-giâm - Kok-li̍p Chū-jiân Kho-ha̍k Phok-bu̍t-koán

Lūi-pia̍t:Hóe-soaⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ
Ku-soaⁿ-tó

**Ku-soaⁿ-tó** (龜山島) sī tī Tâi-oân tang-pak-pêng Thài-pêng-iûⁿ téng ê chi̍t lia̍p hóe-soaⁿ-tó. Tang-sai 3.1 kong-lí khoah, lâm-pak 1.6 kong-lí tn̂g, chóng biān-chek 2.84 pêng-hong kong-lí, hái-gān-sòaⁿ 9 kong-lí tn̂g; hām Tâi-oân pún-tó lia̍h-ti̍t ê tn̂g-tō͘ sī 9.1 kong-lí.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* National Northeast Coastal Scenic Area -- Gueishan Island  

Lūi-pia̍t:Thâu-siâⁿ-tìn
Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn

**Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Kûn** () sī Tâi-oân sai-pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t kûn oa̍h-hóe-soaⁿ.

## Siong-koan
*Tiò-hî-tâi Lia̍t-tó

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*Tōa-tūn Hóe-soaⁿ Koan-chhek Chām 
*Tiong-iong Tē-chit Tiau-cha-só͘ Choân-kiû Chu-sìn Bāng
Hái-phīⁿ

**Hái-phīⁿ** (海鼻; *cape*), kán-chheng **phīⁿ** (鼻), he̍k-chiá **hái-kak** (海角), sī chi̍t tè 3-bīn khoân hái ê lio̍k-tē. Biān-chek tōa ê hái-phīⁿ ē hō-chò poàn-tó. Tian-tò, hái-oan sī 3-bīn khoân tē ê hái.
Tâi-gí ê tē-hō-miâ

Tâi-gí khah-chá bat sī Tâi-oân siōng-chē lâng sú-iōng ê gí-giân, ēng Tâi-gí só͘ hō ê tē-hō-miâ iā chin chē. Sui-jiân tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Tâi-oân, Tâi-gí kòe-khì ê tē-ūi í-keng hō͘ Hôa-gí chhú-tāi, tāns-ī chē-chē ū Tâi-gí te̍k-sek ê tē-hō-miâ iu-goân chûn-liû.

## Te̍k-sek ê iōng-gí
***Chiu** (洲)
***Kiā** (崎)
***Kîⁿ** (墘)
***Khàm** (崁)
***Kheⁿ** / **khiⁿ** (坑)
***Khun-sin** (鯤鯓)
***Lūn** (崙)
***Po͘** (埔)
***Phīⁿ** (鼻)
***Phiâⁿ** (坪)
***Soaⁿ** (山)
***Tiâⁿ** (埕)

## Chham-khó
*Bêng-hû-kî-si̍t?! -- Iû chū-jiân kho-ha̍k khòaⁿ Tâi-oân tē-miâ iû-lâi ê hō-miâ tì-hūi
Nâ-kháu Tâi-tē

**Nâ-kháu Tâi-tē** (林口台地) sī Tâi-oân pak-pō͘ ê chi̍t tè koân-phiâⁿ, iā hō-chò **Phiâⁿ-téng** (坪頂).
Āu-lí Tâi-tē

**Āu-lí Tâi-tē** (后里台地) sī Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ ê chi̍t tè koân-phiâⁿ tē-hêng, lâm-pak kiap tī-leh Tāi-an-khe kap Tāi-kah-khe ê tiong-kan, tī Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē ê pak-pêng bīn.

## Chham-khó
Pat-kòa Tâi-tē

**Pat-kòa Tâi-tē** (八卦台地) sī Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘ ê chi̍t tè koân-phiâⁿ, tī Chiang-hòa-koān ê tang-pō͘ kap Lâm-tâu-koān ê sai-pō͘, kiap tī-leh Chiang-hòa Pêng-goân kap Tâi-tiong Phûn-tē tiong-kan. Pak-pêng ha̍hⁿ-kòe Tōa-tō͘-khe sī Tōa-tō͘ Tâi-tē, lâm-pêng ha̍hⁿ-kòe Lô-chúi-khe sī Táu-la̍k Khu-lêng.

## Siong-koan
* Pat-kòa-soaⁿ Hong-kéng Khu
* Chham-soaⁿ Kok-ka Hong-kéng Khu
Tek-lâm Khu-lêng

**Tek-lâm Khu-lêng** (竹南丘陵) sī tī Tâi-oân sai-pak-pō͘ Tiong-káng-khe kap Āu-lâng-tìn tiong-kan ê chi̍t tè soaⁿ-lūn tē-hêng.
La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī

**La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī** (Ē-mn̂g-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī: **Latinxua Sin Bhundzi**; Pak-hong-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī: **Latinxua Sin Wenz**) sī 1930 nî-tāi kàu 1950 nî-tāi tiong-kan, tī Tiong-kiōng khòng-chè kap So͘-liân éng-hióng ê tē-khu lāi, hiòng Tiong-kok-lâng thui-hêng ê chi̍t chióng Hàn-gí pheng-im bûn-jī. Che sī ēng lô-má-jī pheng-siá Hàn-gí ê tiōng-iàu hong-àn chi-it. 1944 nî liáu-āu, pī Tiong-kiōng hòe-chí. La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī bat chhiok-chìn Tiong-kok bûn-jī kái-kek ūn-tōng ê hoat-tián.

La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī tī 1931 nî tī Hái-sim-ui kí-hêng ê Tiong-kok Sin Bûn-jī Tē-it-chhù Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe tiong sán-seng. 1932 nî, Siōng-hái-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī kong-pò͘ thui-hêng, lo̍h-bóe kái hō-chò Kang-lâm-ōe La-teng-ōe Sin Bûn-jī. 1933 nî liáu-āu, kóng-hoàn tī Tiong-kok kok-tē1 thui-kóng, 1955 nî thêng-chí sú-iōng.

La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī hong-àn ê te̍k-tiám sī bô piau-kì siaⁿ-tiāu.

## Siong-koan
* Pak-hong-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī
* Sù-chhoan-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī
* Iông-chiu-ōe La-teng-hòa Jī-bó-piáu
* Ē-mn̂g-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Overview of Latinxua Sinwenz

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng
Hā-bûn-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī

**Hā-bûn-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī** (廈門話拉丁化新文字; **Habhunwe Ladingxua Sin Bhundzi**) sī chi̍t chióng ēng lô-má-jī su-siá ê Bân-lâm-gí Ē-mn̂g-ōe chiàⁿ-jī-hoat. Hā-bûn-ōe La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī tī Bîn-kok sin bûn-jī ūn-tōng sî-kî chè-tēng, sī hit-tang-chūn Tiong-kok sì-kè 13-thò La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī ê kî-tiong chi̍t thò, bô piau siaⁿ-tiāu, ài chū-hêng phòaⁿ-toàn.

## Siong-koan
* La-teng-hòa Sin Bûn-jī
Po͘-lí Phûn-tē Kûn

**Po͘-lí Phûn-tē Kûn** (埔里盆地群) tī Tâi-oân Lâm-tâu-koān tiong-ng tē-khu ê chi̍t kûn phûn-tē tē-hêng. Kî-tiong í Po͘-lí Phûn-tē ê biān-chek siōng-tōa.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Soaⁿ-siâⁿ Po͘-lí: Po͘-lí Phûn-tē Kûn 
* Po͘-lí kap Hî-tî Phûn-tē ê tîm-chek kap sin kò͘-chō gián-kiù 
* Lîm-gia̍p Chhì-giām-só͘ Liân-hôa-tî Gián-kiù Tiong-sim koán-hat-tô͘
Phêⁿ-ô͘ Pún-tó

**Phêⁿ-ô͘ Pún-tó** (澎湖本島), khah-chá kiò **Tōa-soaⁿ-sū** (大山嶼), sī Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó ê chi̍t chō tó-sū, tī Tâi-oân Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān. Che sī Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó lāi, biān-chek siōng-tōa ê tó-sū, lóng-chóng 67.14 pêng-hong kong-lí, hām Pe̍h-soa-tó sio-óa. Tī hêng-chèng-khu hong-bīn, Phêⁿ-ô͘ Pún-tó téng ū Má-keng-chhī kap Ô͘-sai-hiong, lông-kháu tāi-iok 7-bān lâng. Phêⁿ-ô͘ Pún-tó pún-sin sī chi̍t lia̍p hóe-soaⁿ-tó, téng-bīn ū chē-chē hiân-bú-giâm tē-hêng. Phêⁿ-ô͘ ê khì-hāu ta-sò, só͘-í pún-tó téng khí liáu Sêng-kong, Tang-ōe kap Heng-jîn 3 chō chúi-khò͘, koh siat-tì hái-chúi tām-hòa-chhiúⁿ.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Phêⁿ-ô͘ hó hong-kng

Lūi-pia̍t:Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó
June Foray

**June Foray**, pún-miâ **June Lucille Forer** (1917 nî 9 goe̍h 18 ji̍t chhut-sì), sī Bí-kok ê siaⁿ-im ián-oân, pat ūi  Rocky the Flying Squirrel, Disney chhut-phín ê *[[Cinderella]]* lāi ê Lucifer, kiam Cindy Lou Who, Jokey Smurf, kap Warner Bros. chhut-phín tōng-ōe ê Granny téng kak-sek phòe-im.
Falcon 9

**Falcon 9** sī chi̍t lūi nn̄g-tōaⁿ-sek hoat-siā ūn-kū (*launch vehicle*), sú-iōng káu lia̍p tē-it kai-tōaⁿ ian-jín, seng-sán kiam siat-kè-chiá sī SpaceX kong-si. 2015 nî té í-āu hông sú-iōng ê khoán-sek sī Falcon 9 Full Thrust.

Falcon 9 hē-thóng ê tē-it tōaⁿ thang têng-ho̍k sú-iōng; siang kai-tōaⁿ lóng tàu lī-ēng e̍k-thé sng-sò͘ kap RP-1 jiân-liāu thui-sak ê hóe-chìⁿ ian-jín.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Falcon 9 official page
* SAOCOM 1B | Launch and Landing
* Test firing of two Merlin 1C engines connected to Falcon 9 first stage, Movie 1, Movie 2 (January 18, 2008)
* Press release announcing design (September 9, 2005)
* SpaceX hopes to supply ISS with new Falcon 9 heavy launcher (Flight International, September 13, 2005)
* SpaceX launches Falcon 9, With A Customer  (Defense Industry Daily, September 15, 2005)

Lūi-pia̍t:SpaceX
Su-chì-ha̍k

**Su-chì-ha̍k** (eng. *bibliography*; ji̍t. 書誌学) sī chi̍t khoán ha̍k-būn, choan-bûn leh gián-kiú, chéng-lí kiam kì-lio̍k su-chì, iā tiō sī chheh, hâm in-ê si̍t-thé kiam bûn-hòa ê hong-bīn.
Boa̍t-ji̍t Sî teh Chhòng siáⁿ? Kam Ū-êng? Ē-sái lâi Chín-kiù bô?

***Boa̍t-ji̍t Sî teh Chhòng siáⁿ? Kam Ū-êng? Ē-sái lâi Chín-kiù bô?***（）sī Kareno Akira ê Khin-sió-soat.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún ê siáu-soat
Lūi-pia̍t:Khin-sió-soat
Lūi-pia̍t:Anime
Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún iáⁿ-chi̍p
Transoxiana

**Transoxiana**, A-la-pek-sek hō-miâ **Mawarannahr**, Pho-su-sek hō-miâ **Farārūd**, sī A-chiu tiong-pō͘ chi̍t-ê tē-khu, hâm kin-á-ji̍t Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, lâm Kyrgyzstan, kap sai-lâm Kazakhstan; tī Amu Darya Kang kap Syr Darya Kang tiong-ng.

*Transoxiana* chi̍t jī sī "Oxus Kang gōa" (Oxus sī Amu Darya Kang ê Latin-sek hō-miâ) ê ì-sù; *Mawarannahr* mā ū "kang gōa tē-hng" ê ì-sù.
Anneliese Michel

**Anneliese Michel** (1952 nî 9 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 1976 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê lâng, i beh sí chìn-chêng tng chiap-siū Thian-chú-kàu ê khu-bô͘ (*exorcism*) gî-sek, au--lâi ê tiāu-cha hoat-kiàn i êng-ióng put-liông kiam thoat-chúi. I-ê pē-bú kap chò gî-sek ê sîn-hū tè-bé hông phòaⁿ kòe-sit thâi-lâng. I-ê tāi-chì tong-sî ín-khí kong-chiòng ê chù-ì.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
Michel tùi 6-hòe sî chiō ū iûⁿ-hîn chèng-thâu, āu-bé koh hoat-tián chhut iu-ut, siū cheng-sîn pēⁿ-īⁿ ê tī-liâu. 20-hòe sî, i khai-sí tùi chong-kàu-sèng mi̍h-kiāⁿ ū khì-hiâm ê hoán-èng, jî-chhiá thang thiaⁿ tio̍h siaⁿ-im. Io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu óa-ná kēng-ka ok-hòa.

I ê pē-bú jīn-ûi i si siū hū-sin, sóa chhōe Thian-chú-kàu sîn-hū beh chò khu-bô͘ gî-sek. Tāi-sen kī-choa̍t ê sîn-hū, tī 1975 nî tī tē-hng chú-kàu ê hí-khó chi hā khai-sí chip-hêng khu-bô͘ oa̍h-tāng.
Stanford kaⁿ-ga̍k si̍t-giām

**Stanford kaⁿ-ga̍k si̍t-giām** sī Stanford Tāi-ha̍k ê sim-lí-ha̍k kàu-siū Philip Zimbardo chhōa-thâu tī 1971 nî 8 goe̍h 14 kàu 20 ji̍t kî-kan si̍t-hêng--ê. Goân-té sī siūⁿ beh gián-kiù kaⁿ-siû kap koán-lí-goân chi kan khoân-le̍k koan-hē ê sim-lí-ha̍k hāu-kó. Chàn-chō͘-chiá sī Bí-kok Hái-kun Gián-kiù Thiaⁿ (*U.S. Office of Naval Research*).

Si̍t-giām khai-sí liáu-āu, poaⁿ koán-lí-oân kak-sek ê chham-ka-chiá hoat-tián chhut tùi kaⁿ-siû kak-sek chham-ka-chiá ê ap-pek. Zimbardo tāi-seng bô chó͘-tòng in kòe-tō͘ ê hêng-ûi. Kiat-kó nn̄g ūi kaⁿ-siû thê-chá lî-khui. Si̍t-giām chò kàu pòaⁿ-tô͘, lóng-chóng liân-sòa 6 kang āu tiong-chí.

## Liân-kiat
* Stanford Prison Experiment, thê-kiong siong-koan chu-liāu ê bāng-chām.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kaⁿ-ga̍k
Kaⁿ-siû

**Kaⁿ-siû** sī hông koaiⁿ tī kaⁿ-ga̍k ê lâng. Tī hiān-tāi chin chē só͘-chāi ê kaⁿ-ga̍k hē-thóng, thang khu-hun siū kam-kìm phòaⁿ-hêng ê lâng, kap siū chiām-sî siu-ah ê pī-kò. Lēng-gōa mā thang chí tī kéng-chat hē-thóng hông khu-liû ê lâng.
Koeh Bûn-kùi

**Koeh Bûn-kùi** (郭文贵 *Guō Wéngùi*; 1967 nî 2 goe̍h 2 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Tiong-kok ê seng-lí-lâng, i keng-kòe tāi-lí-jîn si̍t-chè khòng-chè Chèng-choân Khòng-kó͘ (政泉控股) kap kî-tha chu-sán. 

2015 nî ê sî, *Châi-sin* (财新) mûi-thé hoat-piáu tiâu-cha kóng i kap Tiong-kok Kok-an-pō͘ Má Kiàn (马建) ê koan-hē. 2017 nî khai-sí i tī Tiong-kok hái-gōa keng-kòe siā-hōe mûi-thé kap hòng-sàng mûi-thé hoat-piáu Tiong-kok chèng-tī-kài, siong-kài kap mûi-thé-kài ê bái-sū; tāi-seng chú-iàu sī Tiong-kì-úi su-kì Ông Kî-san ê tāi-chì.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok jîn-bu̍t
Marino Morosini

**Marino Morosini** (1181 nî – 1253 nî 1 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1249 nî 6 goe̍h 13 ji̍t kàu 1253 nî 1 goe̍h 1 ji̍t.
Renier Zen

**Renier Zen** (1268 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1253 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t kàu 1268 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Pietro Polani

**Pietro Polani** (1098 nî – 1148 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1130 nî kàu 1147 nî.
Orio Mastropiero

**Orio Mastropiero** (1192 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1178 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kàu 1192 nî.
Cristoforo Moro

**Cristoforo Moro** (1390 nî – 1471 nî 11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1462 nî 5 goe̍h 12 ji̍t kàu 1471 nî 11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t.
Francesco Corner

**Francesco Corner** (1585 nî 3 goe̍h 6 ji̍t – 1656 nî 6 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1656 nî 5 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kàu 1656 nî 6 goe̍h 5 ji̍t.
Giovanni 2-sè Corner

**Giovanni 2-sè Corner** (*Giovanni II Corner*; 1647 nî 8 goe̍h 4 ji̍t – 1722 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1709 nî 5 goe̍h 22 ji̍t kàu 1722 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t.
Lorenzo Priuli

**Lorenzo Priuli** (1489 nî – 1559 nî 8 goe̍h 17 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1556 nî 6 goe̍h 14 ji̍t kàu 1559 nî 8 goe̍h 17 ji̍t.
Domenico 2-sè Contarini

**Domenico 2-sè Contarini** (*Domenico II Contarini*; 1585 nî 1 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1675 nî 1 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1659 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t kàu 1675 nî 1 goe̍h 26 ji̍t.
Marco Foscarini

**Marco Foscarini** (1696 nî 2 goe̍h 4 ji̍t – 1763 nî 3 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1762 nî 5 goe̍h 31 ji̍t kàu 1763 nî 3 goe̍h 31 ji̍t.
Giovanni Dolfin

**Giovanni Dolfin** (1303 nî – 1361 nî 7 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1356 nî 8 goe̍h 13 ji̍t kàu 1361 nî 7 goe̍h 12 ji̍t.
Nicolò Sagredo

**Nicolò Sagredo** (1606 nî 12 goe̍h 8 ji̍t – 1676 nî 8 goe̍h 14 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1675 nî 2 goe̍h 6 ji̍t kàu 1676 nî 8 goe̍h 14 ji̍t.
Giovanni 1-sè Corner

**Giovanni 1-sè Corner** (*Giovanni I Corner*; 1551 nî 1 goe̍h 11 ji̍t – 1629 nî 12 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1625 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 1629 nî 12 goe̍h 23 ji̍t.
Marco Barbarigo

**Marco Barbarigo** (1413 nî – 1486 nî 8 goe̍h 14 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1485 nî 11 goe̍h 19 ji̍t kàu 1486 nî 8 goe̍h 14 ji̍t.
Nicolò Tron

**Nicolò Tron** (1399 nî – 1473 nî 7 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1471 nî 11 goe̍h 25 ji̍t kàu 1473 nî 7 goe̍h 28 ji̍t.
Pietro Lando

**Pietro Lando** (1462 nî – 1545 nî 11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1538 nî 1 goe̍h 19 ji̍t kàu 1545 nî 11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t.
Nicolò Contarini

**Nicolò Contarini** (1553 nî 9 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1631 nî 4 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1630 nî 1 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kàu 1631 nî 4 goe̍h 2 ji̍t.
Pietro Loredan

**Pietro Loredan** (1482 nî – 1570 nî 5 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1567 nî 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t kàu 1570 nî 5 goe̍h 3 ji̍t.
Pietro Loredan (thê-tok)

**Pietro Loredan** (1372 nî – 1438 nî 10 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê hôa-cho̍k, i pat cheng-chhú Doge chit-ūi si̍t-pāi, tong-sî tùi-chhiú sī Francesco Foscari.
Marco Corner

**Marco Corner** (1285 nî – 1368 nî 1 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1365 nî 7 goe̍h 21 ji̍t kàu 1368 nî 1 goe̍h 13 ji̍t.
Michele Morosini

**Michele Morosini** (1308 nî – 1382 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1382 nî 6 goe̍h 10 ji̍t kàu 1382 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t.
Francesco Morosini

**Francesco Morosini** (1619 nî 2 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1694 nî 1 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1688 nî 4 goe̍h 3 ji̍t kàu 1694 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t.
Marcello Tegalliano

**Marcello Tegalliano** (7 sè-kí – 726 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 717 nî kàu 726 nî.
Vitale Candiano

**Vitale Candiano** (979 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 978 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kàu 979 nî 10 goe̍h.
Agnello Partecipazio

**Agnello Partecipazio** (8 sè-kí – 829 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 810 nî kàu 827 nî.
Alvise 2-sè Mocenigo

**Alvise 2-sè Mocenigo** (*Alvise II Mocenigo*; 1628 nî 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t – 1709 nî 5 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1700 nî 7 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kàu 1709 nî 5 goe̍h 6 ji̍t.
Pietro 2-sè Candiano

**Pietro 2-sè Candiano** (*Pietro II Candiano*; 872 nî – 939 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 931 nî kàu 939 nî.
Pietro Partecipazio

**Pietro Partecipazio** (939 nî – 942 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 939 nî kàu 942 nî.
Francesco Contarini

**Francesco Contarini** (1566 nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1624 nî 12 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1623 nî 9 goe̍h 8 ji̍t kàu 1624 nî 12 goe̍h 6 ji̍t.
Enrico Dandolo

**Enrico Dandolo** (1107 nî – 1205 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1192 nî 6 goe̍h 21 ji̍t kàu 1205 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t.
Leonardo Loredan

**Leonardo Loredan** (1436 nî 11 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1521 nî 6 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1501 nî 10 goe̍h 2 ji̍t kàu 1521 nî 6 goe̍h 21 ji̍t.
Leonardo Donà

**Leonardo Donà** (1536 nî 2 goe̍h 12 ji̍t – 1612 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1606 nî 1 goe̍h 10 ji̍t kàu 1612 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t.
Bartolomeo Gradenigo

**Bartolomeo Gradenigo** (1260 nî – 1342 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1339 nî 11 goe̍h 7 ji̍t kàu 1342 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t.
Paoluccio Anafesto

**Paoluccio Anafesto** (7 sè-kí – 717 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 697 nî kàu 717 nî.
Andrea Gritti

**Andrea Gritti** (1455 nî – 1538 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1523 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t kàu 1538 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Andrea Dandolo

**Andrea Dandolo** (1306 nî 4 goe̍h 30 ji̍t – 1354 nî 9 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1343 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 1354 nî 9 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Giustiniano Partecipazio

**Giustiniano Partecipazio** (8 sè-kí – 829 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 827 nî kàu 829 nî.
Pietro 4-sè Candiano

**Pietro 4-sè Candiano** (*Pietro IV Candiano*; 976 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 959 nî kàu 976 nî.
Agostino Barbarigo

**Agostino Barbarigo** (1420 nî – 1501 nî 8 goe̍h 20 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1486 nî 8 goe̍h 30 ji̍t kàu 1501 nî 9 goe̍h 20 ji̍t.
Marino Faliero

**Marino Faliero** (1274 nî – 1355 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1354 nî 9 goe̍h 16 ji̍t kàu 1355 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t.
Alvise Contarini

**Alvise Contarini** (1601 nî 10 goe̍h 24 ji̍t – 1684 nî 1 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1676 nî 8 goe̍h 26 ji̍t kàu 1684 nî 1 goe̍h 15 ji̍t.
Alvise 1-sè Mocenigo

**Alvise 1-sè Mocenigo** (*Alvise I Mocenigo*; 1507 nî 10 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1577 nî 6 goe̍h 4 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1570 nî 5 goe̍h kàu 1577 nî 6 goe̍h 4 ji̍t.
Alvise Pisani

**Alvise Pisani** (1664 nî 1 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – 1741 nî 6 goe̍h 17 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1735 nî 1 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kàu 1741 nî 6 goe̍h 17 ji̍t.
Pietro Tradonico

**Pietro Tradonico** (864 nî 9 goe̍h 13 ji̍t kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 836 nî kàu 864 nî.
Ludovico Manin

**Ludovico Manin** (1725 nî 5 goe̍h 14 ji̍t – 1802 nî 10 goe̍h 24 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1789 nî 5 goe̍h 9 ji̍t kàu 1797 nî 5 goe̍h 12 ji̍t.

I sī siāng bóe chi̍t ūi Venezia ê Doge.
Alvise 3-sè Mocenigo

**Alvise 3-sè Mocenigo** (*Alvise III Mocenigo*; 1662 nî 8 goe̍h 29 ji̍t – 1732 nî 5 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1722 nî 8 goe̍h 24 ji̍t kàu 1732 nî 5 goe̍h 21 ji̍t.
Andrea Vendramin

**Andrea Vendramin** (1393 nî – 1478 nî 5 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1476 nî 3 goe̍h 5 ji̍t kàu 1478 nî 5 goe̍h 5 ji̍t.
Alvise 4-sè Mocenigo

**Alvise 4-sè Mocenigo** (*Alvise IV Mocenigo*; 1701 nî 5 goe̍h 19 ji̍t – 1778 nî 12 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1763 nî 4 goe̍h 19 ji̍t kàu 1778 nî 12 goe̍h 31 ji̍t.
Pietro 2-sè Orseolo

**Pietro 2-sè Orseolo** (*Pietro II Orseolo*; 961 nî – 1009 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 991 nî kàu 1009 nî.
Giovanni Galbaio

**Giovanni Galbaio** (8 sè-kí – 804 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 797 nî kàu 803 nî.
Domenico 1-sè Contarini

**Domenico 1-sè Contarini** (*Domenico I Contarini*; 1071 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1043 nî kàu 1071 nî.
Andrea Contarini

**Andrea Contarini** (1300 nî – 1382 nî 6 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1368 nî 1 goe̍h 20 ji̍t kàu 1382 nî 6 goe̍h 5 ji̍t.
Francesco Foscari

**Francesco Foscari** (1373 nî 6 goe̍h 19 ji̍t – 1457 nî 11 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1423 nî 4 goe̍h 15 ji̍t kàu 1457 nî 10 goe̍h 22 ji̍t.
Sebastiano Ziani

**Sebastiano Ziani** (1102 nî – 1178 nî 4 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1172 nî 9 goe̍h 29 ji̍t kàu 1178 nî 5 goe̍h 28 ji̍t.
Giovanni Mocenigo

**Giovanni Mocenigo** (1409 nî – 1485 nî 9 goe̍h 14 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1478 nî 5 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kàu 1485 nî 9 goe̍h 14 ji̍t.
Michele Sten

**Michele Sten** (1331 nî – 1413 nî 12 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1400 nî 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kàu 1413 nî 12 goe̍h 26 ji̍t.
Pietro 1-sè Candiano

**Pietro 1-sè Candiano** (*Pietro I Candiano*; 842 nî – 887 nî 9 goe̍h 18 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 887 nî kàu 888 nî.
Girolamo Priuli

**Girolamo Priuli** (1486 nî – 1567 nî 11 goe̍h 4 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1559 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kàu 1567 nî 11 goe̍h 4 ji̍t.
Jacopo Tiepolo

**Jacopo Tiepolo** (1249 nî 7 goe̍h 19 ji̍t kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1229 nî 3 goe̍h 6 ji̍t kàu 1249 nî 5 goe̍h 2 ji̍t.
Giovanni Dandolo

**Giovanni Dandolo** (13 sè-kí – 1289 nî 11 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1280 nî 3 goe̍h 31 ji̍t kàu 1289 nî 11 goe̍h 2 ji̍t.
Carlo Contarini

**Carlo Contarini** (1580 nî 7 goe̍h 5 ji̍t – 1656 nî 5 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1655 nî 3 goe̍h 27 ji̍t kàu 1656 nî 5 goe̍h 1 ji̍t.
Giovanni 1-sè Partecipazio

**Giovanni 1-sè Partecipazio** (*Giovanni I Partecipazio*; 836 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 829 nî kàu 836 nî.
Orso 1-sè Partecipazio

**Orso 1-sè Partecipazio** (*Orso I Partecipazio*; 9 sè-kí – 881 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 864 nî kàu 881 nî.
Francesco Donà

**Francesco Donà** (1468 nî – 1553 nî 5 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1545 nî 11 goe̍h 24 ji̍t kàu 1553 nî 5 goe̍h 23 ji̍t.
Pietro 3-sè Candiano

**Pietro 3-sè Candiano** (*Pietro III Candiano*; 959 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 942 nî kàu 959 nî.
Antonio Grimani

**Antonio Grimani** (1434 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1523 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1521 nî 7 goe̍h 6 ji̍t kàu 1523 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Antonio Venier

**Antonio Venier** (1330 nî – 1400 nî 11 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1382 nî 10 goe̍h 21 ji̍t kàu 1400 nî 11 goe̍h 23 ji̍t.
Nicolò Donà

**Nicolò Donà** (1539 nî 1 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1618 nî 5 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1618 nî 4 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 1618 nî 5 goe̍h 9 ji̍t.
Marcantonio Giustinian

**Marcantonio Giustinian** (1619 nî 3 goe̍h 2 ji̍t – 1688 nî 3 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1684 nî 1 goe̍h 26 ji̍t kàu 1688 nî 3 goe̍h 23 ji̍t.
Silvestro Valier

**Silvestro Valier** (1630 nî 3 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1700 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1694 nî 2 goe̍h 25 ji̍t kàu 1700 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Giovanni Pesaro

**Giovanni Pesaro** (1589 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – 1659 nî 9 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1658 nî 4 goe̍h 8 ji̍t kàu 1659 nî 9 goe̍h 30 ji̍t.
Jacopo Contarini

**Jacopo Contarini** (1194 nî – 1280 nî 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1275 nî 9 goe̍h 6 ji̍t kàu 1280 nî 3 goe̍h 6 ji̍t.
Tribuno Memmo

**Tribuno Memmo** (10 sè-kí – 991 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 979 nî kàu 991 nî.
Antonio Priuli

**Antonio Priuli** (1548 nî 5 goe̍h 10 ji̍t – 1623 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1618 nî 5 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kàu 1623 nî 8 goe̍h 12 ji̍t.
Bertuccio Valier

**Bertuccio Valier** (1596 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – 1658 nî 3 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1656 nî 6 goe̍h 15 ji̍t kàu 1658 nî 3 goe̍h 29 ji̍t.
Marcantonio Memmo

**Marcantonio Memmo** (1536 nî 11 goe̍h 11 ji̍t – 1615 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1612 nî 7 goe̍h 24 ji̍t kàu 1615 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t.
Francesco Molin

**Francesco Molin** (1575 nî 4 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 1655 nî 2 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1646 nî 1 goe̍h 20 ji̍t kàu 1655 nî 2 goe̍h 27 ji̍t.
Giovanni Bembo

**Giovanni Bembo** (1543 nî 8 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 1618 nî 3 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1615 nî 12 goe̍h 2 ji̍t kàu 1618 nî 3 goe̍h 16 ji̍t.
Paolo Renier

**Paolo Renier** (1710 nî 11 goe̍h 21 ji̍t – 1789 nî 2 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1779 nî 1 goe̍h 14 ji̍t kàu 1789 nî 2 goe̍h 13 ji̍t.
Pietro Ziani

**Pietro Ziani** (1153 nî – 1230 nî 3 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1205 nî 8 goe̍h 15 ji̍t kàu 1229 nî 2 goe̍h.
Pietro 1-sè Orseolo

**Pietro 1-sè Orseolo** (*Pietro I Orseolo*; 928 nî – 987 nî 1 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 976 nî kàu 978 nî.
Orso 2-sè Partecipazio

**Orso 2-sè Partecipazio** (*Orso II Partecipazio*; 932 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 912 nî kàu 932 nî.
Pietro Tribuno

**Pietro Tribuno** (9 sè-kí – 911 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 887 nî kàu 911 nî.
Giovanni 2-sè Partecipazio

**Giovanni 2-sè Partecipazio** (*Giovanni II Partecipazio*; 9 sè-kí – 887 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 881 nî kàu 887 nî.
Nicolò da Ponte

**Nicolò da Ponte** (1491 nî 1 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 1585 nî 7 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1578 nî 3 goe̍h 11 ji̍t kàu 1585 nî 7 goe̍h 30 ji̍t.
Tommaso Mocenigo

**Tommaso Mocenigo** (1343 nî – 1423 nî 4 goe̍h 4 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1414 nî 1 goe̍h 7 ji̍t kàu 1423 nî 4 goe̍h 4 ji̍t.
Pietro Gradenigo

**Pietro Gradenigo** (1251 nî – 1311 nî 8 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1289 nî 11 goe̍h 25 ji̍t kàu 1311 nî 8 goe̍h 13 ji̍t.
Vitale 2-sè Michiel

**Vitale 2-sè Michiel** (*Vitale II Michiel*; 1172 nî 5 goe̍h 28 ji̍t kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1155 nî kàu 1172 nî.
Lorenzo Tiepolo

**Lorenzo Tiepolo** (13 sè-kí – 1275 nî 8 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1268 nî 7 goe̍h 23 ji̍t kàu 1275 nî 8 goe̍h 15 ji̍t.
Carlo Ruzzini

**Carlo Ruzzini** (1653 nî 11 goe̍h 11 ji̍t – 1735 nî 1 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1732 nî 6 goe̍h 2 ji̍t kàu 1735 nî 1 goe̍h 5 ji̍t.
Marcantonio Trevisan

**Marcantonio Trevisan** (1475 nî – 1554 nî 5 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1553 nî 7 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 1554 nî 5 goe̍h 31 ji̍t.
Domenico Flabanico

**Domenico Flabanico** (1041 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1032 nî kàu 1041 nî.
Nicolò Marcello

**Nicolò Marcello** (1397 nî – 1474 nî 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1473 nî 8 goe̍h 13 ji̍t kàu 1474 nî 12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t.
Marino Grimani

**Marino Grimani** (1532 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – 1605 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1595 nî 4 goe̍h 26 ji̍t kàu 1605 nî 12 goe̍h 25 ji̍t.
Francesco Dandolo

**Francesco Dandolo** (1258 nî – 1339 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1329 nî 1 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 1339 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t.
Sebastiano Venier

**Sebastiano Venier** (1496 nî – 1578 nî 3 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1577 nî 6 goe̍h 11 ji̍t kàu 1578 nî 3 goe̍h 3 ji̍t.
Francesco Venier

**Francesco Venier** (1489 nî – 1556 nî 6 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1554 nî 6 goe̍h 11 ji̍t kàu 1556 nî 6 goe̍h 2 ji̍t.
Pasquale Malipiero

**Pasquale Malipiero** (1392 nî – 1462 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1457 nî 10 goe̍h 30 ji̍t kàu 1462 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Pietro Grimani

**Pietro Grimani** (1677 nî 10 goe̍h 5 ji̍t – 1752 nî 3 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1741 nî 6 goe̍h 30 ji̍t kàu 1752 nî 3 goe̍h 7 ji̍t.
Domenico Selvo

**Domenico Selvo** (11 sè-kí – 1087 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1071 nî kàu 1084 nî.
Francesco Erizzo

**Francesco Erizzo** (1566 nî 2 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – 1646 nî 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1631 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t kàu 1646 nî 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t.
Ottone Orseolo

**Ottone Orseolo** (992 nî – 1032 nî) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1009 nî kàu 1026 nî.
Pietro Centranico

**Pietro Centranico** (1032 nî kòe-sin) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1026 nî kàu 1032 nî.
Lorenzo Celsi

**Lorenzo Celsi** (1310 nî – 1365 nî 7 goe̍h 18 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1361 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t kàu 1365 nî 7 goe̍h 18 ji̍t.
Pietro Mocenigo

**Pietro Mocenigo** (1406 nî – 1476 nî 2 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1474 nî 12 goe̍h 14 ji̍t kàu 1476 nî 2 goe̍h 23 ji̍t.
Francesco Loredan

**Francesco Loredan** (1685 nî 2 goe̍h 9 ji̍t – 1762 nî 5 goe̍h 19 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1752 nî 3 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kàu 1762 nî 5 goe̍h 19 ji̍t.
Giovanni Gradenigo

**Giovanni Gradenigo** (1273 nî – 1356 nî 8 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1355 nî 4 goe̍h 21 ji̍t kàu 1356 nî 8 goe̍h 8 ji̍t.
Giovanni Soranzo

**Giovanni Soranzo** (1240 nî – 1328 nî 12 goe̍h 31 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1312 nî 7 goe̍h 13 ji̍t kàu 1328 nî 12 goe̍h 31 ji̍t.
Marino Zorzi

**Marino Zorzi** (1231 nî – 1312 nî 7 goe̍h 3 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1311 nî 8 goe̍h 23 ji̍t kàu 1312 nî 7 goe̍h 3 ji̍t.
Pasquale Cicogna

**Pasquale Cicogna** (1509 nî 5 goe̍h 27 ji̍t – 1595 nî 4 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī Venezia ê Doge, chāi-ûi kî-kan sī 1585 nî 8 goe̍h 18 ji̍t kàu 1595 nî 4 goe̍h 2 ji̍t.
Venezia ê Doge

**Venezia ê Doge** (Venezia-gí: *Doxe de Venexia*; Italia-gí: *Doge di Venezia*) sī Venezia Kiōng-hô-kok chū 697 nî kàu 1797 nî kan ê thâu-lâng hâm-thâu.
Siāng-png-chhiū-kha

**Siāng-png-chhiū-kha** (上楓樹腳) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī Tāi-ngé-khu lāi ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng, só͘-chāi óa tī Tāi-ngé chhī-lāi ê tang-pêng. Hêng-chèng siōng pun chò Siāng-png-lí, Ngá-png-lí (雅楓里), kap Tāi-png-lí (大-).

## Le̍k-sú
Siāng-png-chhiū-kha chng-siā kiam sì-ûi tē-hng sī 1920 nî só͘ siat Tāi-ngé-chng koán lāi ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng-khu, chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông khiā-khí jîn-kháu 1799 lâng.

## Liân-kiat
* 

## Chham-chiàu

Lūi-pia̍t:Tōa-jī
Sì-tiuⁿ-lê (Pak-tūn-khu)

**Sì-tiuⁿ-lê** (四張犁) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī Pak-tūn-khu ē-té ê tē-hng, só͘-chāi tī Tâi-tiong chhī-khu pak-pêng.

## Le̍k-sú
Pún tē-hng sī 1920 nî só͘-siat Tōa-tūn-kūn Pak-tūn-chng koán-lāi ê tōa-jī hêng-chèng-khu chi it, chiàu 1935 nî ê thóng-kè, ū pêng-siông khiā-khí jîn-kháu 1895 lâng.

## Chham-chiàu

## Liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Pak-tūn-khu
Kū Sūi-se Pang-liân

**Kū Sūi-se Pang-liân** (tek. *Alte Eidgenossenschaft*), sī hiān-tāi Sūi-se ê chiân-sin, sī tong-sî chē-ê sió to̍k-li̍p pang-kok cho͘-ha̍p--khí-lâi ê hun-sòaⁿ pang-liân. In tī 14 sè-kí sán-seng, tāi-seng sī kiàn-li̍p tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Sūi-se Tiong-pō͘, liáu-āu koh ka-ji̍p pau-koat Zurich kap Berne téng siâⁿ-chhī kap tē-hng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-se ê le̍k-sú
Toronto Chhī-thiaⁿ

**Toronto Chhī-thiaⁿ** (Eng-gí: *Toronto City Hall*) sī Canada kok Ontario séng Toronto siâⁿ ê chhī-chèng-hú chē-chí. Pún thiaⁿ ê chú kiàn-tio̍k mā sī Toronto chāi-tē ê bêng-sèng chi it, siat-kè-chiá sī Hun-lân ê Viljo Revell téng kiàn-tio̍k-su, kap kang-têng-su, 1965 nî khé-ēng, tong-sî sī thè-ōaⁿ 1899 nî khí ê kū chhī-thiaⁿ.
George Lucas

**George Walton Lucas Jr.** (1944 nî 5 goe̍h 14 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê iáⁿ-hì chè-chok-chiá kiam khì-gia̍p-ka. I siāng chai-miâ--ê sī chhòng-chō liáu *[[Star Wars]]* kap *[[Indiana Jones]]* hē-lia̍t. Lucas mā sī Lucasfilm kap Industrial Light & Magic. kong-si ê chhòng-li̍p-chiá.
Leni Riefenstahl

**Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl** (1902 nî 8 goe̍h 22 ji̍t – 2003 nî 9 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê iáⁿ-hì kàn-tok, chè-chok-jîn, kha-pún chok-ka, ián-oân kiam bú-chiá.
Iáⁿ-hì-bûn

**Iáⁿ-hì-bûn** (Eng-gí: *screenplay*), ia̍h sī kóng **kha-pún**, sī iáⁿ-hì hoat-tián í-lâi, hâm tiān-iáⁿ, tiān-sī kap bí-ti-oh-gém téng mûi-thé leh lī-ēng, tùi tōng-chok, kak-sek kap mi̍h-kiāⁿ sóa-tāng, piáu-chêng, tùi-ōa téng goân-sêng ōe-bīn só͘ su-iàu ê sêng-hun ê kì-siá.

## Siong-koan
* Hì-tâi hì-bûn
Sek-sò͘-thé

**Sek-sò͘-thé** (色素體; *plastid*) sī si̍t-bu̍t, chó-lūi kap kng-ha̍p-sêng sè-khún só͘ hâm-iú ê chi̍t chióng sió-pau, chham kng-ha̍p-sêng ū koan-hē. Chia-ê sió-pau lāi hâm-iú khún-le̍k-sò͘ kap âng-chhài-thâu-sò͘.

## Tiōng-iàu ê sek-sò͘-thé
*Iú-sek-thé
*Pe̍h-sek-thé
*Ia̍p-le̍k-thé
*N̂g-hòa ia̍p-le̍k-thé
*Tiān-hún-thé
*Chō-iû-thé
*Tān-pe̍k-chit-thé
*Tan-lêng-thé
Kng-hòa-ha̍k

**Kng-hòa-ha̍k** (光化學; *photochemistry*) sī chi̍t ê hòa-ha̍k ê hun-iá, teh gián-kiù bu̍t-chit siū-tio̍h kng ê éng-hióng só͘ sán-seng ê hòa-ha̍k hāu-èng. Kng it-poaⁿ sī Chí-gōa-sòaⁿ he̍k-chiá sī khó-kiàn-kng. Kng-hòa-ha̍k chham kî-thaⁿ hòa-ha̍k hun-iá siōng-tōa ê chha-pia̍t sī i ē khan-sia̍p tio̍h kek-hoat chōng-thài.
Jia̍t-hòa-ha̍k

**Jia̍t-hòa-ha̍k** (熱化學; *thermochemistry*) sī chi̍t mn̂g ēng jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k koan-tiám lâi gián-kiù hòa-ha̍k ê ha̍k-kho, iā sī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê jia̍t-ha̍k tī hòa-ha̍k tiong ê èng-iōng.
Kò͘-thé hòa-ha̍k

**Kò͘-thé hòa-ha̍k** (固體化學; *solid-state chemistry*) sī chi̍t mn̂g teh gián-kiù kò͘-thé kiat-kò͘, sèng-chit, ha̍p-sêng kap piáu-teng ê hòa-ha hun-iá; i kiat-ha̍p tio̍h kò͘-thé bu̍t-lí-ha̍k, khòng-bu̍t-ha̍k, chiⁿ-thé-ha̍k, iá-kim-ha̍k, châi-liāu kho-ha̍k téng-téng ha̍k-kho ê tì-sek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kò͘-thé bu̍t-lí-ha̍k
Hòa-ha̍k tōng-le̍k-ha̍k

**Hòa-ha̍k tōng-le̍k-ha̍k** (化學動力學; *chemical kinetics*) sī bu̍t-lí hòa-ha̍k ê chi̍t mn̂g hun-iá, teh gián-kiù hòa-ha̍k hoán-èng ê hoán-èng sok-tō͘ kap hoán-èng ki-kò͘.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hoà-ha̍k hoán-èng
Lí-lūn hòa-ha̍k

**Lí-lūn hòa-ha̍k** (理論化學; *theoretical chemistry*) sī bô chò si̍t-giām, kan-na ēng thui-sǹg ê hong-sek lâi kái-soeh kap ī-chhek hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê kok-chióng hiān-siōng ê hòa-ha̍k hun-iá.
Su-lī-a Kun-tūi

**Su-lī-a Kun-tūi** (A-la-pek-gí: القوات المسلحة العربية السورية‎‎; Eng-gí: *Syrian Arab Armed Forces* "Su-lī-a A-la-pek Bú-chong-le̍k") sī Su-lī-a A-la-pek Kiōng-hô-kok ê kun-tūi. In ē-té hâm Su-lī-a Lio̍k-kun, Su-lī-a Hái-kun, Su-lī-a Khong-kun, kap Su-lī-a Khong-hông-kun; lēng-gōa koh ū siat Hông-ūi-kun téng tan-ūi. Kun-kù Su-lī-a ê hiàn-hoat, Su-lī-a Chóng-thóng sī Su-lī-a Kun-tūi ê chòe-ko chí-hui-koaⁿ.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-kok ê kun-sū
Hama

**Hama** (A-la-pek-gí: حماة‎‎ *Ḥamāh*; Sèng-keng Hi-pek-lâi-gí: Ḥamāth) sī Su-lī-a tiong-sai-pō͘ óa tī Orontes Kang hô-hōaⁿ ê siâⁿ-chhī, sī Hama Séng ê siú-hú.
Texas Kiōng-hô-kok

縮圖
**Texas Kiōng-hô-kok** (eng. *Republic of Texas*; se. *República de Tejas*) sī Pak Bí-chiu khah-chá ê chi̍t-ê chú-khoân kok-ka. In tī 1836 nî 3 goe̍h 2 ji̍t kiàn-li̍p, 1846 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t ka-ji̍p Bí-kok chò liân-pang chi̍t chiu.

Pún kok goân-té sī Mexico ê Tejas séng, in keng-kòe 1836 nî Texas Kek-bēng tùi goân sio̍k kok-ka to̍k-li̍p. Chiàn-cheng tī kân-nî 4 goe̍h 21 kiat-sok, m̄-koh Mexico kī-choa̍t sêng-jīm i-ê to̍k-li̍p tē-ūi, siang-hong it-ti̍t kàu 1840 nî-tāi iáu koh put-sî chhiong-tu̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Be̍k-se-ko le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Texas
Oa̍t-gí gān-bûn

**Oa̍t-gí gān-bûn** (粵語諺文) sī chhái-ēng Ko-lê-jī-sek ê hē-thóng su-siá Kńg-chiu-ōe téng Oa̍t-gí ê chi̍t khoán lí-sióng.

## Chham-chiàu
*
Sèng-keng Hi-pek-lâi-gí

縮圖|Judaism in Ramat Gan, May 2024 15.jpg
**Sèng-keng Hi-pek-lâi-gí**, he̍k-chiá kiò **Kó͘-tián Hi-pek-lâi-gí**, sī Hi-pek-lâi-gí ê kó͘-tāi hêng-sek, sī chi̍t khoán Ka-lâm-hē Siám-cho̍k-gí (*Canaanite Semitic language*), chú-iàu sī kó͘-chá ê Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng teh ēng--ê. Tī Sèng-keng ê bûn-su pún-sin m̄-sī hō pún gí chò "Hi-pek-lâi-gí", sī ēng **Ka-lâm-gí** ia̍h **Iû-tāi-gí** lâi chí-miâ.

Chit khoán giân-gí tāi-khài tī Chêng 10 sè-kí chiō chûn-chāi, iân-sio̍k kàu Āu 70 nî Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng Pau-ûi-chiàn ê sî-chūn.
2017 nî Hama kong-kek

**2017 nî Hama kong-kek** sī Syria hoán-khòng-phài thoân-té Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham chhōa-thâu ê chi̍t hāng chiam-tùi Hama siâⁿ ê kong-kek chok-chiàn. Chiàn-sū tī 2017 nî 3 goe̍h 21 khai-sí, hoán-khòng-phài ê bo̍k-piau sī beh têng-sin chiàm-niá chìn-chêng keng-kòe 2016 nî Hama kong-kek hō͘ chèng-hú ê Syria Kun-tūi chiàm--khì ê Hama.

Lūi-pia̍t:2017 nî
Kong-kek (kun-sū)

**Kong-kek** sī chi̍t khoán chhim-lio̍k-sèng ê chok-chiàn, chiong kun-tūi tâu hiòng beh chiàm-niá ê thó͘-tē, ta̍t-sêng ti̍t-chiap ê bo̍k-te̍k, he̍k-chiá sī khah tōa hoān-ûi ê chiàn-lio̍k, chok-chàn ia̍h chiàn-su̍t bo̍k-piau.
Aral Hái

**Aral Hái** sī chi̍t-ê lōe-liû-ô͘ (*endorheic lake*), só͘-chāi tī Kazakhstan kap Uzbekistan tiong-ng.
Niagara Chúi-chhiâng

**Niagara Chúi-chhiâng** (Eng-gí: *Niagara Falls*) sī óa tī Bí-kok New York chiu kap Canada Ontario séng pian-kài ê 3-chō chúi-chhiâng cho͘-ha̍p. Che 3-chō chúi-chhâng hun-pia̍t sī hō-miâ Horseshoe Chúi-chhiâng, Bí-kok Chúi-chhiâng, kap Bridal Veil Chúi-chhiâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-kok ê chúi-chhiâng
Victoria Ô͘

**Victoria Ô͘** (Eng-gí: *Lake Victoria*) sī Hui-chiu Tōa-ô͘ (*African Great Lakes*) chi it, hō-miâ sī lâi-chū Victoria Lú-ông, sī Eng-kok ê thàm-hiám-chiá John Hanning Speke hō--ê.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ô͘
Tēng-gī

**Tēng-gī** sī tùi chi̍t hāng piáu-tat ê ké-soeh kiam sán-seng che ké-soeh ê khang-khòe. Siū tio̍h tēng-gī ê tùi-siòng kiò chò pī-tēng-gī-hāng (eng. *definiendum*), nā thê-kiong tēng-gī ê tîn-su̍t thang kiò tēng-gī-kù (*definiens*). Pí-lūn tī thâu-chêng ê tîn-su̍t lāi-té, "tēng-gī" chi̍t-ê jī-sû chiū sī pī-tēng-gī-hāng, nā āu-piah ê ké-soeh bûn-kù "sī tùi chi̍t hāng piáu-tat ê ké-soeh...", chiū sī tēng-gī-kù.

## Hêng-sek
### Si̍t-chāi kap miâ-gī tēng-gī
Tùi John Locke si̍t-chāi pún-chit (*real essence*) kap miâ-gī pún-chit (*nominal essence*) koan-liām lâi hoat-tián, thang kā tēng-gī khu-hun chhut si̍t-chāi kap miâ-gī nn̄g khoán. Bó͘ chi̍t iōng-gí ê si̍t-chāi tēng-gī sī su-iàu tiâu-cha mi̍h-kiāⁿ pún-sin lâi liáu-kái--ê; nā miâ-gī tēng-gī sī su-iàu óa-khò tiāu-cha hit jī ê ì-sù kap sú-iōng lâi liáu-kái.

### Jī-tián tēng-gī
Chi̍t hāng jī-tián-sek ê tēng-gī, sī siat-kè beh thê-kiong chhiong-chiok ê chu-sìn piáu-tat, lâi chè-chō tùi iōng-gí ê chi̍t chióng lí-kái. Chóng-sī pí-lūn nā tiat-ha̍k-kài tùi ēng-gí tēng-gī ê thó-lūn, it-poaⁿ m̄-sī jī-tián thang thê-kiong--ê.

### Iok-sok-sek tēng-gī
Iok-sok-sek (*stipulative*) tēng-gī sī chiam-tùi siū tēng-gī ê iōng-gí siat-tēng ì-sù, jî-chhiá m̄-bián chham-khó iōng-gí chá-chêng ê sú-iōng lí-lō͘. Pí-lūn nā kóng "*[[Jack the Ripper]]* sī bô͘-sat X, YX, Y kap ZZ ê lâng" chit khoán tîn-su̍t, pī-tēng-gī ê *Jack the Ripper* sī kò͘-tēng tùi-siòng ê lâng-miâ, m̄-koh āu-piah ê ké-soeh m̄-sī kò͘-tēng--ê, i bô hoat-tō͘ chin-chiàⁿ kap *Jack the Ripper* hō͘-siōng thè-ōaⁿ, só͘-í koh ài ka-thiam iok-sok ê tîn-su̍t ", nā sī hia bô͘-sat-àn sī choan-bûn chi̍t-ê lâng chhòng--ê" chìn chi̍t-pō͘ hān-tēng tùi-siòng.

### Kì-su̍t-sek tēng-gī
Kì-su̍t-sek (*descriptive*) tēng-gī, tû-liáu kóng-bêng ì-sù, mā beh móa-chiok kì-tēng ê sú-iōng. Pún khoán ê tēng-gī chiàu in móa-chiok ê thêng-tō͘ koh thang khu-hun chò saⁿ téng: gōa-chāi-sèng (*extensional*), lōe-chāi-sèng (*intensional*), kap kám-siū-sèng (*sense*).

### Ké-soeh-sek tēng-gī
Ké-soeh-sek (*explicative*) tēng-gī sī te̍k-pia̍t chun-siú bó͘ chi̍t iōng-gí chòe tiong-sim pō͘-hūn ê sú-iōng hong-sek, koh tùi gōa-gûi pō͘-hūn ēng iok-sok ê hêng-sek chhù-lí. Ké-soeh tēng-gī thang hông ēng tī chi̍t kóa put-oân-boán ê khài-liām.

## Tēng-gī kap bûn-me̍h
Tēng-gī ê tîn-su̍t su-iàu chiap-siū-chiá tùi tēng-gī-kù sū-sian ê liáu-kái, chiah thang thê-chhut thang tùi-tâng pī-tēng-gī-hāng ê tēng-gī-kù. Ū-ê tēng-gī khah pit-iàu óa-khò bûn-me̍h, ia̍h chiū sī pōe-kéng chu-sìn lâi chi-chhî, pí-lūn kóng "a-pah sī pē-bú lāi-bīn cha-po͘ hit--ê" chi̍t khoán tîn-su̍t. Koh-lâi ū chi̍t chióng tēng-gī, tēng-gī-kù lāi-bīn koh ēng tio̍h pī-tēng-gī-hāng, pí-lūn kóng "x sī y ê ti̍t-chiap chó͘-sian, nā kan-ta tng (*[[nā chhiá ta nā|if and only if]]*) x sī y ê pē-bú he̍k-chiá x sī y ê ti̍t-chiap chó͘-sian" chi̍t khoán tîn-su̍t, tī tēng-gī-kù koh ēng tio̍h chi̍t pái pī-tēng-gī-hāng, chi̍t khoán chêng-hêng hō chò chài-kui (*recursive*).

## Chham-chiàu
ISSN

**ISSN** sī **Kok-chè Phiau-chún Liân-chài Hoan-hō** (*International Standard Serial Number*) ê Eng-gí kán-lio̍k. ISSN sī 8-ê sò͘-jī--ê, ēng lâi tùi liân-chài-sèng ê chhut-pán-bu̍t siat-tēng to̍k-iú hoan-hō.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sek-pia̍t-hō
Chu Ha̍k-hêng

**Chu Ha̍k-hêng** (Hàn-jī: 朱學恆, , ) sī Tâi-oân chhut-miâ phêng-lūn-ka, tông-sî ia̍h-sī Tâi-oân chok-ka, hoan-e̍k-ka, kap bāng-lō͘ keng-siau-gia̍p-chiá hū-chek-lâng, pī mûi-thé hong-ûi “the̍h-sîn”.
Chhòa Ūi-ka

**Chhòa Ūi-ka**(Hàn-jī: 蔡緯嘉, ), phian-miâ **Chhòa A-ka̍h**(蔡阿嘎) sī Tâi-ôan Ka-gī-chhī lâng, Tâi-ôan ti-miâ bāng-lō͘ pō͘-lo̍h-kheh.
Oan-oan

**Oan-oan**(Hàn-jī: 彎彎, ), pún-miâ **Hô͘ Ka-úi**, Tâi-ôan ti-miâ bāng-lō͘ tô͘-bûn chhòng-chok-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê bān-ōe-ka
Sí-hêng chûn-hùi būn-tê

**Sí-hêng chûn-hùi būn-tê** sī koan-î sí-hêng ê chûn-sio̍k kap hùi-tû ê cheng-gī-sèng thó-lūn. Sí-hêng sī pak-toat sèⁿ-miā ê hêng-hoa̍t, sī kok-ka kin-kì hoat-lu̍t só͘ pī hù-ú ê khoân-le̍k. Sí-hêng ê chûn-hùi chèng-chhek ta̍k-só͘-chāi bô-kāng, chhin-chhiūⁿ Au-bêng kap i-ê sêng-oân-kok kin-kì *[[Au-chiu Liân-bêng Ki-pún Khoân-le̍k Hiàn-chiong]]* tē-jī-tiâu bêng-tēng kìm-chí chip-hêng sí-hêng. Tī Bí-kok, 32-ê chiu, liân-pang chèng-hú kap kun-tūi pó-liû sí-hêng, kî-thaⁿ chiu kap Washington, D.C. í-keng hùi-tû sí-hêng.

## Chham-khó
Tēng Ka-hôa

**Tēng Ka-hôa** (鄧佳華, ) sī chi̍t ūi Tâi-ôan ê bāng-lō͘ cheng-gī jîn-bu̍t. Te̍k-teng ū thu̍t-thâu kap giàng-gê. Tī 2012 nî 9 go̍eh í “FBI Sòe-ko” (FBI帥哥) ê bêng-gī tī YouTube hoat-piáu liáu chē-chē chū-hip iáⁿ-phìⁿ jiá kong-kek.

K
Lūi-pia̍t:Sin-pak-chhī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bāng-lō͘ meme
Kí-bí

**Liāu Hok-pin**(Hàn-jī: 廖福彬, ), pit-miâ Kí-bí(幾米), hō-miâ lâi-chū Eng-bûn miâ **Jimmy**, sī Tâi-ôan chhut-miâ ōe-pún ōe-ka.