open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tiong Têng-gio̍k

**Tiong Tîng-gio̍k** (hàn-gú: 張廷玉; 1672-nî 10-gue̍h 29-ji̍t—1755-nî 5-gue̍h 19-ji̍t; **Tiunn Tîng-gio̍k**), jī Hîng-sîn (衡臣), hō Giân-tsai (研齋), Tiong-kok An-hui Tông-sîng (桐城) jîn-sū, tshut-sin Tông-sîng Tiong-sī ka-tso̍k. Tshing-kok tsing-ti jîn-bu̍t, Khong Iong Khiân (康雍乾) sam-tiâu tiōng-sîn; "Bîng-sú" tsóng-tsuán kuan (總纂官), sí-āu phuè-hióng thài-biō. Tiong Tîng-gio̍k teh Khong-hi 39-nî (1700-nî) kho-tiòng tsìn-sū. Khong-hi tiâu, jīm Hîng-pōo Tsó sū-lông (左侍郎). Iong-tsìng tiâu, jīm Lé-pōo Siōng-su (禮部尚書), Hōo-pōo Siōng-su (戶部尚書), Lī-pōo Siōng-su (吏部尚書), Pó-hê tiān Tāi-ha̍k sū (保和殿大學士), Kun-ki tāi-sîn (軍機大臣) tíng-tíng, uân-siān Kun-ki tshú (軍機處) tsè-tōo. Khiân-liông nî-kan, ka-hong Thài-pó (太保); āu tik-tsuē Khiân-liông tè, hiám-á tso-hō. Āu-lâi iu-guân i-kì Iong-tsìng tè i-bīng phuè-hióng thài-biō, sī tshing-tiâu uî-it phuè-hióng thài-biō ê hàn-tso̍k tāi-sîn. Sī Bûn-hê (文和).

## Sing-pîng
### Khong-hi tiâu
Khong-hi 11-nî 9-gue̍h tshe 9-ji̍t (1672-nî 10-gue̍h 29-ji̍t), Tiong Tîng-gio̍k tshut-sì teh kiann-su. Sī Khong-hi tiâuTāi-ha̍k sū Tiong Ing ê kiánn. Khong-hi 39-nî (1700-nî), kho-tiâu tsìn-sū, siū hān-lîm-īnn (翰林院) kiám-thó (檢討), ji̍p-ti̍t Lâm su-hông (南書), In-uī pē-bú siong-sū tńg--khì. Ting-iu uân-pit, kái-jīm Su-king kio̍k (司經局) Sé-bé (洗馬). Li̍k-jīm Sū-tsí (庶子), Sū-káng ha̍k-sū (侍講學士), Luē-kok ha̍k-sū (內閣學士)[1]. Khong-hi 59-nî (1720年), siū Hîng-pōo Tsó sū-lông (左侍郎). Suann-tang iâm-huàn (鹽販) Ông Bí-kong (王美公) tíng-tíng kiû-tsi̍p tsiòng-jîn thuân-kàu, Sûn-hú (巡撫) Lí Sū-tik (李樹德) bīng-līng tāi-pōo tîng-tî, lia̍h--tio̍h 150 guā-lâng. Tshing sìng-tsóo (清聖祖) bīng Tiong Tîng-gio̍k hām Too-thóng (都統) Thok-lāi (託賴), Ha̍k-sū Ting Tik (登德) it-tông sím-lí, í sat 7-jîn, liû-hòng 35-jîn sut-pian (戍邊) tīng-àn. Tshù-nî siū Lé-pōo tsó sū-lông (吏部左侍郎).

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Kun-ki tshú (軍機處)
*Kun-ki tāi-sîn (軍機大臣)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*雍正與張廷玉之情誼 
*張廷玉--張英家族三人 

Lūi-pia̍t:1672 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:1755 nî kòe-sin
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiuⁿ--sī
PanSci hoàn kho-ha̍k

**PanSci huàn kho-ha̍k** (hàn-gú: PanSci 泛科學, kán-tshing **PanSci** hi̍k-tsiá **Huàn kho-ha̍k**), sī tsi̍t-ê sîng-li̍p teh Tâi-uân ê kho-phóo bāng-tsām kap siā-kûn. PanSci huàn kho-ha̍k tsit-ê tsoo-tsit guân-lâi sī *Tâi-uân sòo-uī bûn-huà hia̍p-huē* (台灣數位文化協會) tī 2011-nî huat-khí ê io̍k-sîng kè-uē, tshòng-pān-tsiá sī Sû Tíng-iāu (徐挺耀; 史萊姆) kah tsuân-kiû tsi siann ê pian-tsi̍p Tīnn Kok-ui (鄭國威; Portnoy) tíng-jîn; 2014-nî uì  Tâi-uân sòo-uī bûn-huà hia̍p-huē  to̍k-li̍p tshut-lâi, sîng-li̍p *Huàn kho tì-sik kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si* (泛科知識股份有限公司). PanSci huàn kho-ha̍k tsit-ê tsóo-tsit tsuan-tsù teh iau-tshiánn kok líng-i̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-tsiá, kàu-io̍k-tsiá, ài-hó-tsiá, í-ki̍p siā-huē tāi-tsiòng tâng-tsê teh si̍t-thé, kah hi-gí kong-kiōng lūn-tân lāi-té su-piān siā-huē gī-tê  tang-tiong ê kho-ha̍k bīn-hiòng.

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

* 喝不喝林鳳營鮮奶？複雜的問題，沒有簡單的答案| 黃俊儒| 鳴人堂 
* 泛廣告時代下的泛科學—媒體在「信用」和「生存」間的兩難– Queerology 
* 【酷觀點】泛科學：拒絕頂新／味全我就太孬了 事前就告知 ... - Cheers雜誌 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Tsu-sìn kang-gia̍p tshik-tsìn huē (資訊工業策進會)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 
* PanSci 泛科學- YouTube
* 
* 
* Pansci泛科學 - 泛答
* PanSci 泛科學| 台灣數位文化協會

Lūi-pia̍t:Thong-sio̍k kho-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Siā-kûn bāng-chām
Iûⁿ Pó-cheng

**Iûⁿ Pó-cheng** (楊寶楨; ), Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t, Tâi-pak-chhī chhut-sin, che̍k-koàn sī Tâi-tiong-chhī. Tāi-piáu Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng tâu-ji̍p 2022 nî Tâi-pak-chhī gī-oân tē-la̍k soán-kí-khu koh sêng-kong tòng-soán, chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân le̍k-sú siōng tē-it phoe kong-khai Ki-tok-kàu kûn-thé sin-hūn pēng-chhiáⁿ tòng-soán ê bîn-ì tāi-piáu.
Tiáu Péng-kun

**Tiáu Píng-kun** (hàn-gú: 趙秉鈞; 1859-nî 2-gue̍h 3ji̍t—1914-nî 2-gue̍h 26-ji̍t; **Tiō Píng-kun**), jī Tì Am (智庵), Tiong-kok Hô-lâm síng Jú-tsiu (汝州) Ti̍k-lē tsiu (直隸州) jîn-sū. Tiong-kok tshing bua̍t bîn tshoo tsìng-tī-ka, Uân Sè-khái êtshin-sìn. Iah-sī Tiong-kok hiān-tāi kìng-tshat tsè-tōo tshòng-sí jîn. Tiong-hua bîn-kok tshoo-nî pat tam-jīm kuè Tiong-hua bîn-kok kok-bū tsóng-lí; pīng-tshiánn teh tong-sî ka-ji̍p kok-bîn-tóng tam-jīm lí-sū. M̄-ko kî-āu in-uī puē-hū Sòng Kàu-jîn gū tshì àn (遇刺案) ê hiâm-gî jî-lâi sî-khì tsóng-lí it-tsi, iû Tuān Kî-suī tsiām-khuân. Āu--lâi tiòng-hong sí-bông.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Tiong-kok kìng-tshat tsè-tōo (中國警察制度)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 趙秉鈞是怎麼死的 
*后人忆史：民国总理赵秉钧死于中风 与宋案无关 
*笔者：走进民国总理赵秉钧 

Lūi-pia̍t:1859 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:1914 nî kòe-sin

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī
CQ thut-kek pō͘-chhèng

**CQ thut-kik pōo-tshìng** (Norinco CQ; **CQ 5.56**) sī Tiong-kok pak-hong kang-gia̍p kong-si tsè-tsō ê M16 pōo-tshìng ê Tiong-kok iân-sin khuánn. Kin-kì Tiong-kok pak-hong kang-gia̍p kong-si bāng-tsām ê kài-siāu, CQ thut-kik pōo-tshìng ê tsìng-sik bîng-tshing uî CQ 5.56.

CQ thut-kik pōo-tshìng kah kî-thann AR-15 hām M-16 hîng pōo-tshìng ê khu-pia̍t teh i-ê tn̂g-hîng, luī-sū tsó-lûn tshiú-tshìng ê tshiú-pènn, sió-khuá-á tîng-hiān înn-hîng ê hōo-bo̍k í-ki̍p to̍k-ti̍k ê tshìng-thok hîng-tsōng.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*M16 rifle
*Norinco

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*The Norinco CQ: How Does China’s Cloned M16 Hold Up?
*Norinco CQ
*NORINCO Type CQ (CQ 5.56)
*

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok peng-khì kang-gia̍p chi̍p-thoân
Basophil

**Basophil** (hàn-gú: 嗜鹼性粒細胞; **Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau**; Sī kiⁿ-sèng lia̍p sè-pau; ing-gú: Basophils) sī pe̍h sè-pau ê tsi̍t-tsióng. Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau sī siōng bô tiānn-tiānn khuànn-tio̍h ê lia̍p sè-pau luī-hîng, tāi-iok tsiàm sûn-huân pe̍h sè-pau ê 0.5% tsì 1%. M̄-ko, in sī siōng-tūa ê lia̍p sè-pau luī-hîng. In hū-tsik bián-i̍k huán-ìng kuè-tîng tiong ê iām-tsìng huán-ìng; í-ki̍p kip-sìng hām bān-sìng kuè-bín sìng pēnn-tsìng ê tsiânn-tsò; pau-kuat kuè-bín huán-ìng, he-ku, ti̍k ing-sìng phuê-iām kah hue-hún tsìng. Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau koh sán-sing hia̍p-tiāu bián-i̍k huán-ìng ê hua-ha̍p-bu̍t; pau-kuat ín-khí iām-tsìng ê tsoo-an hiat-tshing sòo; í-ki̍p hông-tsí hiat-i̍k gîng-kòo ê kuann-sòo (肝素), sui-bóng hâm-liōng pí puî-tuā sè-pau lia̍p tang-tiong ê hâm-liōng khah-tsió. Puî-tāi sè-pau pat hông jīn-uî sī uì hiat-i̍k tshian-î kàu i-ê tsù-liû tsoo-tsit (kiat-tè tsoo-tsit (結締組織)) ê  Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau; m̄-ko hiān-tsāi í-king tsai á in sī bô kâng luī-hîng ê sè-pau.

Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau sī-iû Tik-kok i-sing Paul Ehrlich tī 1879-nî huat-hiān ê, 1-nî tsîng Paul Ehrlich teh tsoo-tsit tang-tiong huat-hiān tsi̍t-tsióng sè-pau luī-hîng, Paul Ehrlich kā i kiò-tsò Mastzellen (tsit-má ê puî-tāi sè-pau). Ehrlich in-uī i-ê huat-hiān jî-lâi hi̍k-tik 1908-nî Nobel sing-lí tsióng hi̍k-tsiá i-ha̍k tsióng.

Sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau tsit-ê bîng-tshing guân-î tsia--ê sè-pau sī sī kinn-sìng ê,; tio̍h-sī in tsiânn iông-ī hōo kinn-sìng ní-liāu ní-sik, jû tôo sóo piáu-sī.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*  

## Tsham-ua̍t

* Allergy
* Diamine oxidase
* Eosinophil
* Food intolerance
* Histamine
* Histamine intolerance
* Histamine N-methyltransferase]- or HNMT
* Mast cell
* List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
*Heparin (kuann-sòo/koaⁿ-sò͘)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*What Are Basophils? 
*Basophils 
*Everything You Need to Know About Basophils 
*Basophils: Definition, Abnormal High and Low Ranges 

Lūi-pia̍t:Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k

Lūi-pia̍t:Jîn-thé sè-pau
Soaⁿ-tō Kâu-san ê It-seng

***Soaⁿ-tō Kâu-san ê It-seng*** (Hôa-gí: ) sī Eric Duan chhòng-chok--ê Tâi-oân tōng-ōe, pun téng kap ē nn̄g chi̍p, tn̂g-tō͘ lóng-chóng iok chi̍t tiám-cheng. Khài-iàu sī chi̍t ê hòⁿ sái o͘-tó͘-bái chháu-soaⁿ, tī piān-lī siong-tiàm chò tōa-iā--ê ta-po͘, in-ūi hi-hoa-sim bê-sit ka-tī, lo̍h-bóe tī soaⁿ-lō͘ ûi-kui hoat-seng sū-kò͘, kòe-óng--ê pi-kio̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ
Gaz (thn̂g-á)

**Gaz** (phosu-gú: گز) sī tsi̍t-tsióng khí-guân teh Isfahan tē-khu ê Iran gû-phuê thn̂g-tshang (牛軋糖). Teh Bí-kok kap Au-tsiu kok-ka, Gaz hông kóng-huàn kiò-tsò Phosu gû-phuê thn̂g-tshang. Gaz iû huí-tsí (開心果), hīng-jîn jîn, muî-kuì tsuí (玫瑰水), nn̄g-tshing kap Phosu kam-lōo (甘露) tsiap sóo tsè-sîng. 

Thong-siông, Gaz ē thīn-thâu tê hi̍k-tsiá suat-lo̍k (kué-tsí lōo (果子露); sherbet), tsò-uî tsú-tshài liáu-āu ê tinn-lōo si̍t-iōng. Thuân-thóng siōng, Gaz mā teh Phosu ê  Nowruz tsiat tíng-tíng tsiat-ji̍t ê tiûnn-sóo kiong-ìng.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Turrón
*Divinity (confectionery)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*"Gaz"  Candy, Traditional Souvenir of Iran's Isfahan 
*Iranian Gaz Recipe (Persian Nougat) 
*Authentic Gaz Recipe
Prey Sar kàm-ga̍k

**Prey Sar kàm-ga̍k** (ing-gú: Prey Sar Prison) í-tsîng kiò-tsò S24, sī Campuchia 24 king kàm-ga̍k tang-tiong siōng-tuā ê tsi̍t-king. Prey Sar kàm-ga̍k iû Campuchia luē-tsìng-pōo hām Campuchia uē-sing-pōo hia̍p-tiāu kuán-lí.

Kang Kek Iew teh Prey Sar hông kuan-ah 2-nî.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Kang Kek Iew
*Ministry of Interior (Cambodia)
*Amnesty International

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Captive in Cambodia: Life
*Cambodia's Prey Sar prison like being 'in hell,' former inmate says
*New Pray Sar block set to open
*GDP acknowledge Pray Sar 'fight'
*A day in the life of Pray Sar Prison, Cambodia
*NagaWorld Protesters Rally Outside Prison for Jailed Union Leader
Pûi-tōa sè-pau

**Puî-tuā [[sè-pau]]** (hàn-gú: 肥大細胞; ing-gú: mast cell (iah kiò-tsò mastocyte hi̍k-tsiá labrocyte)) sī kiat-tè tsoo-tsit (結締組織) ê siông-tsù (常駐) sè-pau, hâm-iú tsiânn-tsē hù-hâm tsoo-an hām kuann-sòo ê lia̍p-á. Kū-thé lâi-kóng, puî-tuā sè-pau sī tsi̍t-tsióng guân-tsū      kut-tshué kàn sè-pau ê lia̍p sè-pau, sī bián-i̍k hām sîn-king bián-i̍k hē-thóngs ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn.  Puî-tuā sè-pau iû Paul Ehrlich tī 1877-nî huat-hiān. Sui-bóng Puî-tuā sè-pau in i teh kuè-bín hām kuè-bín huán-ìng tang-tiong ê tsok-iōng jî-lâi tshut-miâ; m̄-ko puî-tuā sè-pau iah huat-hui tio̍h tiōng-iàu ê pó-hōo tsok-iōng, bi̍t-tshiat tsham-ú siong-kháu kuè-phuê, hiat-kuán senn-sîng, bián-i̍k nāi-siū, pēnn-guân-thé hông-gū kap náu tsíng-liû tang-tiong ê hiat-kuán thong-thàu sìng.

Puî-tuā sè-pau ê guā-kuan hām kong-lîng kah līng-guā tsi̍t-tsióng pe̍h sè-pau, tsik-sī sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau beh-tsiânn sio-kâng. Sui-bóng Puî-tuā sè-pau pat hông jīn-uî sī tsū-liû ê sī kinn-sìng lia̍p sè-pau; m̄-ko sū-si̍t tsìng-bîng, tsit nn̄g-tsióng sè-pau sī iû bô kâng-khuán ê tsō-hiat phóo-hē huat-io̍k jî-lâi; in-tshú bô khó-lîng sī sio-kâng ê sè-pau.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham -ua̍t

*Allergy
*Mast cell activation syndrome
*Diamine oxidase
*Granulocyte
*Food intolerance
*Histamine
*Histamine intolerance
*Histamine N-methyltransferase or HNMT
*List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k

Lūi-pia̍t:Jîn-thé sè-pau
Tóng chí-hui chhèng

**Tóng tsí-hui tshìng** (hàn-gú: 黨指揮槍) tsit-kù uē siōng-thâu-á lâi-tsū Môo Ti̍k-tong tī 1938-nî siá-sîng ê "Tsiàn-tsing kap tsiàn-lio̍k būn-tê" (戰爭和戰略問題) it-bûn, guân-bûn uî "Gún ê guân-tsik sī tóng tsí-hui tshìng, lî-tshiánn tsua̍t-put iông-ún tshìng tsí-hui tóng" (我們的原則是黨指揮槍，而決不容許槍指揮黨).

Môo Ti̍k-tong jīn-uî, iû-î tè-kok tsú-gī kap hong-kiàn tsè-tōo ê siang-tîng ap-pik, Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng sī bô-huat-tōo thong-kuè hô-pîng ha̍p-huat sìng ê tàu-tsing lâi tshú-tik sìng-lī; Môo Ti̍k-tong koh kòng--tio̍h, teh Tē-it-hun-tō pái Kok-kiōng ha̍p-tsok kî-kan, Tiong-kiōng "hut-sī kun-tuī ê tsing-tshú, phiàn-bīn tì-tiōng teh bîn-tsiòng ê ūn-tōng" (忽視了軍隊的爭取，片面地著重於民眾運動), tsuè-āu teh Kok-kiōng hun-lia̍t (國共分裂) liáu-āu tú-tio̍h tìn-ap; jiân-āu, Môo Ti̍k-tong í tuì Tiong-kok kok-bîn-tóng khòng-tsè kun-tuī  tsiàn-tsing li̍k-sú the̍h tshut-lâi ín-lē suat-bîng Tiong-kiōng ing-kai "Tshìng lāi-té tshut tsìng-kuân" (槍桿子裡面出政權), tông-sî thê-tshut "tóng tsí-hui tshìng, m̄-koh tsua̍t put iông-ún tshìng tsí-hui tóng" (黨指揮槍，而決不容許槍指揮黨) ê guân-tsik.

Tiong-kok kiōng-sán-tóng kian-tshîtóng tuì kun-tuī ê tsua̍t-tuì líng-tō. Kā kun-tuī khuànn-tsò sī uî-hōo tsìng-kuân ê kang-kū, tsik "iōng tshìng kióng-kòo tsìng-kuân" (用槍桿子鞏固政權)，huán-tuì kun-tuī kok-ka-huà.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Kun-tūi kok-ka-huà (军队国家化)
*Uì tshìng lāi-té tshut tsìng-kuân (枪杆子里面出政权)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Uì pah-nî tóng ê li̍k-sú tang-tiong pá-ak tóng tsí-hui tshìng ê pit-jiân lô-tsi̍p (從百年黨史中深刻把握黨指揮槍的必然邏輯) 
*Tóng tsí-hui tshìng phû-tshut tsuí-bīn (槍指揮黨浮出水面--平可夫) 
*Uì tóng tsí-hui tshìng én-piàn tsò tóng tam-sim tshìng (從黨指揮槍演變成黨擔心槍)
Lêng-hàn hun-lia̍t

**Lîng-hàn hun-lia̍t** (hàn-gú: 寧漢分裂) sī 1927-nî Tiong-kok lâm-hong ê Kok-bîn tsìng-hú pak-hua̍t kî-kan, Tiong-kok kok-bîn-tóng luē-pōo í Lâm-kiann Tsióng Kài-si̍k (Tsiúnn Kài-si̍k) tshuā-thâu ê tshing-kiōng (清共) sè-li̍k hām Bu-hàn Ong Tsing-uī tshuā-thâu ê iông-kiōng (容共) sè-li̍k huat-sing hun-lia̍t ê sū-kiānn. Lîng, hàn hun-pia̍t piáu-sī Lâm-kiann (khah-tsá kiò-tsò Kang-lîng (江寧)) kap Bú-hàn.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Lîng-hàn ha̍p-liû (寧漢合流)
*Lîng-hàn tsiàn-tsing (寧漢戰爭)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Lîng-hàn hun-lia̍t kah tshing-tóng (寧漢分裂與清黨)
*Lîng-hàn hun-lia̍t (寧漢分裂)
*Sú-uē lîng-hàn hun-lia̍t pak-hua̍h tsáu-hiòng sit-pāi ê kuan-kiān (史話: 寧漢分裂 北伐走向失敗關鍵)
Ji̍t-pún kok-chè būn-tê gián-kiù-só͘

**Ji̍t-pún kok-tsè būn-tê gián-kiù-sóo** (ing-gú: Japan Institute of International Affairs; kán-tshing **JIIA**; ji̍t-gú: 公益財団法人日本国際問題研究所 (nihon kokusai mondai kenkyūshio (にほんこくさいもんだいけんきゅうしょ)), kán-tshing **Kok-būn-gián** (国問研, koku mon ken (こくもんけん))) sī Ji̍t-pún ê tsi̍t-king guā-kau tsìng-tshik hām an-tsuân . JIIA sîng-li̍p tī 1959-nî 12-gue̍h, sī-í Ing-kok hông-ka kok-tsè sū-bū gián-kiù-sóo (Chatham House) tíng-tíng ki-kòo uî lâm-pún. Ji̍t-pún siú-siòng Yoshida Shigeru (吉田茂) sī JIIA ê tē-1 jîm tsú-si̍k. JIIA ê hiān-jīm tsú-si̍k sī Ji̍t-pún guā-bū-síng tsiân pōo-tiúnn kiam tsù Bí-kok tāi-sài Sasae Kenichiro (佐佐憲一郎).

Kin-kì guā-kau tsa̍p-tsì hām Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k Lauder gián-kiù-sóo tì-khòo kah Civil Societies Program ê sòo-kì, JIIA sī Ji̍t-pún ê tíng-kip tì-khòo, teh A-tsiu tíng-kip tì-khòo pâi-miâ tang-tiong pâi tē-1: Tiong-kok, Ìn-tōo, Ji̍t-pún kah Hân-kok.

JIIA sī tsi̍t-ê su-jîn ê, bô tóng-phài ê tsìng-tshik tì-khòo, hū-tsik sím-tsa Ji̍t-pún ê guā-kau tsìng-tshik pīng hiòng jit-pu tsìng-hú thê-tshut kiàn-gī. JIIA í-king tshut-pán 100 guā-pún tsheh. JIIA iah-koh tshut-pán tsit-hūn kuan-î guā-kau sū-bū ê Ji̍t-gú gue̍h-khan Kokusai Mondai. JIIA tsan-kingt lē-sio̍k teh guā-kau-pōo.

JIIA tīng-kî tsoo-tsit lūn-tân, gián-thó-huē kap kok-tsè huē-gī, hōo Ji̍t-pún hām kok-tsè tsuan-ka thó-lūn kah piān-lūn Ji̍t-pún ê guā-kau tsìng-tshik hām sè-kài sū-bū.

JIIA iah-koh khai-tián kap A-thài tē-khu, Tang-pak-a, Bí-tsiu, Au-tsiu, Gôlôsu kah to̍k-lián-thé, Tiong-tang hām Hui-tsiu, an-tsuân kah tsuân-kiû-huà iú-kuan ê guā-kau tsìng-tshik būn-tê ê gián-kiù kè-uē.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Kenichirō Sasae
*Chatham House
*Think tank
*Foreign Affairs

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* Official Website of JIIA (English)
Koaⁿ-gâm ián-seng sêng-tióng in-chí

**Kuann-gâm ián-sing sîng-tióng in-tsí** (ing-gú: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (**HDGF**); hàn-gú: 肝癌衍生生長因子) mā kiò-tsò "**Ko tshian-î lu̍t tso̍k nn̄g-pe̍h 1-tshiūnn 2**" (High mobility group protein 1-like 2 (**HMG-1L2**)), sī jîn-luī tang-tiong iû HDGF ki-in pian-bé ê tsi̍t-tsióng nn̄g-pe̍h-tsit.

## Tsù-kái

## Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Entrez
*PubMed
*UniProt
*Ensembl genome database project

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Hepatoma-derived growth factor.

*
Paddington Hîm

Paddingtong hîm sī jî-tông bûn-ha̍k toing ê chhòng-chok jîn-bu̍t. I tē-it-pái chhut-hiān tī 1958 nî 10 goe̍h 13 hō jî-tông tho̍k-bu̍t 《Paddingtong hîm》lāi-té, jî-chhiáⁿ tī Eng-kok chok-ka Michael Bond siá—ê 20 gōa pún chheh lāi-té chhut-hiān, sī Peggy Fortnum, David McKee kap kî-thaⁿ gē-su̍t-ka ūi chhah-tô͘.

Ùi “Siōng o͘-àm ê Peru” lâi ê iú-siān ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm, tì i ê kū bō-á, phòa-kô͘-kô͘ ê phê-siuⁿ, cho͘-mn̂g gōa-thò kap tùi kam-á ké-chí-chiùⁿ ê jia̍t-ài, í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe jî-tông bûn-ha̍k lāi-té ê keng-tián jîn-bu̍t. Paddington hîm sī chi̍t-chiah gí-lâng ê hîm, i lóng chiok ū lé-māu, chheng-ho͘ lâng “sian-siⁿ”, “hu-jîn” kap “sió-chiá”, chin chió ti̍t-chiap kiò lâng ê miâ. Jî-chhiáⁿ i chin hó-sim, sui-jiân i ē tùi hit-kóa i bē-sóng ê lâng giâm-giâm kā gîn. I ū bû-hān ê lêng-le̍k bû-ì toing jiá mâ-hoân, m̄-koh ta̍k-ke lóng-chai, i “chin-sim chin-le̍k kā tāi-chì chò hó-sè”. I sī tī Paddington chhia-thâu hông (jîn-lūi) Brown in chi̍t-ke hoat-hiān, kā i siu-ióng, hō-miâ kiò “Paddington Brown”, in-ūi i goân-lâi ê hîm-gú miâ tùi in lâi-kóng siuⁿ-kè oh hoat-im.
Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok bûn-hoà
Kò sng-hòa thoàⁿ-sng natrium

**Kò sng-hòa thoàⁿ-sng natrium** (), hòa-ha̍k-sek sī 2Na2CO3•3H2O2 he̍k-chiá sī Na2H3CO6, sī thòaⁿ-sng natrium hām kò sng-hòa chúi-sò͘ ê . Pe̍h-sek lia̍p-hêng ê hún, bô bī; tī chúi lāi iûⁿ-khì ê chiâⁿ-chò thòaⁿ-sng natrium kah kò sng-hòa chúi-sò͘. Ē-tàng tòng-chò sé-saⁿ-cheng ê phiò-pe̍h-che; beh chheng tê-sian mā chin ū lō͘-iōng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Phiò-pe̍h-che
Lūi-pia̍t:La̍p hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t
MOX jiân-liāu

**Hūn-ha̍p ióng-huà-bu̍t jiân-liāu**, thong-siông kiò-tsò **MOX jiân-liāu** (MOX fuel; Mixed oxide fuel; **Hūn-ha̍p sng-huà-bu̍t jiân-liāu**), sī hâm-iú tsi̍t-tsióng í-siōng iông-ī liat-piàn tsâi-liāu iông-huà-bu̍t ê hi̍k jiân-liāu, thong-siông iû plutonium kap thian-jiân uranium, tsài ka-kang uranium hi̍k-tsiá "pîn-huà uranium" (depleted uranium) hūn-ha̍p jî-sîng. MOX jiân-liāu sī khin-tsuí "huán-ìng-tui" (reactor) tang-tiong suiong ê "kē lông-sok uranium" (LEU) jiân-liāu ê thè-tāi-phín. tsit-ê "huán-ìng-tui" (reactor) tsú-iàu iōng-teh hi̍k-lîng huat-tiān.

Pí-jû, 7% plutonium (pòo) hām 93% thian-jiân uranium (iû) ê hūn-ha̍p bu̍t kah LEU jiân-liāu (3% tsì 5% uranium 235) ê huán-ìng luī-sū, m̄-koh bô uân-tsuân sio-kāng. MOX thong-siông iû nn̄g kai-tuānn tsoo-sîng, UO2 hām PuO2, hām/hi̍k tan kai-tuānn kòo iông-thé (U, Pu)O2. PuO2 ê hâm-liōng khó-lîng uì 1.5 wt.% kàu 25–30 wt.% put-tíng, kū-thé kài-tsāi teh hi̍k "huán-ìng tui" (nuclear reactor) ê luī-hîng.

MOX jiân-liāu ê tsi̍t-ê khip-ín-li̍k teh i sī tsi̍t-tsióng lī-iōng tshun-ê buk-hi kip plutonium ê hong-huat, sītsi̍t-tsióng thú-tsûn tshun-ê  plutonium ê thè-tài hong-àn, su-iàu khak-pó tshun-ê plutonium bô-hông thau-the̍h, í iōng-teh hi̍k bú-khì. Līng-guā tsi̍t hong-bīn, ū tsi̍t-kuá-á kíng-kò kóng, tsuân-kiû MOX jiân-liāu siong-gia̍p sú-iōng ê tsìng-siông huà, í-ki̍p hi̍k āu tshú-lí ê siong-kuan khok-tián;  tse lóng teh kóo-lē teh bîn-kan hi̍k jiân-liāu sûn-huân tang-tiong tsing-ka uì "hua̍t jiân-liāu" (spent fuel) lāi-té hun-lî tshut plutonium. Tsiū-án-ni tsing-ka suah m̄ sī kiám-tsió hi̍k thuànn-khui ê hong-hiám.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Nuclear breeder reactor
*Nuclear fission
*Nuclear fuel cycle
*Nuclear power
*Nuclear power plant
*Remix Fuel
*Spent nuclear fuel shipping cask

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Technical Aspects of the Use of Weapons Plutonium as Reactor Fuel
* Synergistic Nuclear Fuel Cycles of the Future
* Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 42
* Burning Weapons Plutonium in CANDU Reactors
* Program to turn plutonium bombs into fuel hits snags 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hi̍k jiân-liāu
Gōa-kho chiàⁿ-chong

**Guā-kho tsiànn-tsong** (hàn-gú: 外科正宗) sī Bîng-tiâu tiong-i ha̍k tù-tsok, Tîn Si̍t-kong (陳實功/Tân Si̍t-kong) tù-tsok, uân-sîng tī Bān-li̍k 45-nî (1617-nî). Guân su 45-kuàn, m̄-ku king-kuè āu-jîn tsing-san, kái-tsok 12-kuàn.

## Luē-iông
Guā-kho tsiànn-tsong khai-sí sing lūn pēnn-guân, tsín-tuàn kap tī-liâu tíng-tíng; koh-lâi kā guā-kho tian-tian khuànn-tio̍h ê 100 guā-tsióng pēnn-tsìng hun-luī kui-sio̍k; pīng-tshiánn lūn-su̍t in-ê tsìng-hāu (證侯), pēnn-lí (病理), tī-liâu hong-io̍h (治療方藥), tsiam-kù (針灸), kip-kiù giām-tsìng (急救驗案) í-ki̍p io̍h-bu̍t liān-tsè (藥物煉製) ta̍k tsióng ê hong-huat; lóng-tsóng ū 150 guā lūn; pīng-tshiánn hù-iú pēnn-tsìng huē-tôo (症狀繪圖), hong-io̍h kua-kuat tíng-tíng.

## Kòng-hiàn
Tsheh lāi jīn-uî guā-tsìng pit-su kin-ki teh luē-tsìng, tsú-tiunn put-ta ài tiong-si guā-tī, koh su-iàu tiōng-sī luē-tī; kì kiông-tiāu tsá-kî tshiú-su̍t, iū-koh huán-tuì lām-sú to-tsiam. Huat-tián tsia̍t-ki (截肢), pháinn kut (壞骨) the̍h-tû, phīnn-tī (鼻息肉) tik-tû (摘除), ín-liû tíng-tíng ê tshiú-su̍t; pīng-tshiánn thâu-sing koh siông-sè kì-tsài khì-kńg guā-siong ê thīn-ha̍p-su̍t (縫合術).

Guā-kho tsiànn-tsong tsóng-kiat Bîng-tiâu í-tsîng guak-ho ha̍k í-tsîng guā-kho ha̍k ê sîng-tsiū, sī tiong-i guā-kho ha̍k tiōng-iàu ê tù-tsok.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*陳實功，“外科正宗”，中國，中醫古籍出版社，1999-/07-01. ISBN 7800138399 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*phīnn-tī (鼻息肉)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*外科正宗 中藥方劑圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院)  
*外科正宗 
*外科正宗--中國哲學書電子化計畫 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok i-chheh
Tè Hân

**Tè Hân** (諦閒; 1858年—1932年), sio̍k sènn Tsu (朱), miâ Kóo Hi (古虛)，hō Tok Sam (卓三). Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang síng Hông-giâm kuān (kin-á-ji̍t ê Tiong-kok Tsiat-kang síng Tâi-tsiu tshī Hông-giâm khu) jîn-sū[1]. Tè Hân huat-su uī Tiong-kok Bîng-bua̍t Tshing-tshoo ê ko-sing (高僧), pîng-sing tù-su̍t hong-si̍k, hông-huat ián-kàu, huè-jîn put-kuān (誨人不倦). Tè Hân i tiông-tsín Thian-tâi huat-me̍h, uī Thian-tâi tsong (天台宗) tē-43 tāi kàu-kuan (教觀) tsóng-tshî (總持), tuì Tkuān iong-kok kīn-tāi Hu̍t-kàu ê huat-tián kòng-hiàn put-tsí-á tuā.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*《佛教弘化的現代轉型: 民國浙江佛教研究 : 1912-1949》
*《天臺宗觀宗講寺志》(1912-1949) 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Tiantai
*Guanzong Temple

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*諦閑法師二三事

*諦閒大師往生記
*觀世音菩薩普門品講義（諦閑法師）

Lūi-pia̍t:1858 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:1932 nî kòe-sin

Lūi-pia̍t:Chu--sī
Koaⁿ mn̂g chēng-me̍h

**Mn̂g tsīng-me̍h**, hi̍k-tsiá **Mn̂g-me̍h** (門靜脈, 門脈; portal vein) hi̍k-tsiá **Kuann mn̂g tsīng-me̍h** (肝門靜脈; hepatic portal vein (HPV)) sī kā hiat-i̍k uì uī-tn̂g tō (胃腸道), tám-lông (膽囊), î-siàn (胰腺) kap pî-tsōng (脾臟) su-sàng kàu kuann-tsōng (肝臟) ê hiat-kuán. Tsit-tsióng hiat-i̍k hâm-iú uì siau-huà luē-iông bu̍t tang-tiong the̍h-tshut ê îng-ióng bu̍t-tsit hām to̍k-sòo. Tāi-iok 75% ê kuann-tsōng tsóng hiat liû-liōng thong-kuè mn̂g tsīng-me̍h, tshun-ê pōo-hūn lâi-tsū kuann tōng-me̍h. Hiat-i̍k thong-kuè kuann tsīng-me̍h lī-khui kuann-tsōng ta̍t-kàu sim-tsōng.

Mn̂g tsīng-me̍h m̄ sī tsiànn-káng ê tsīng-me̍h; in-uī mn̂g tsīng-me̍h kā hiat-i̍k sàng-kàu kuann-tsōng ê môo-sè hiat-kuán tshn̂g, m̄ sī ti̍t-tsiap su-sàng kàu sim-tsōng. Mn̂g tsīng-me̍h sī jîn-thé 3-ê mn̂g tsīng-me̍h hē-thóng tsi-it, iah-sī kuann-mn̂g hē-thóng ê tsú-iàu tsoo-sîng pōo-hūn; kî-thann ê pōo-hūn sī suî-thé hām sīn-mn̂g hē-thóng.

Mn̂g tsīng-me̍h thong-siông iû tn̂g-hē-mo̍oh (腸系膜) siōng tsīng-me̍h (上靜脈), pî tsīng-me̍h (脾靜脈), tn̂g-hē-mo̍oh (腸系膜) hā tsīng-me̍h (下靜脈), uī tò, tsiànn tsīng-me̍h (胃左右靜脈) kah î tsīng-me̍h (胰靜脈) huē-ha̍p sóo tsoo-sîng tshut-lâi ê.

Khan-kha̍p mn̂g tsīng-me̍h ê pēnn-tsìng ē tì-sú giâm-tiōng ê pēnn-tsìng hām sí-bông. Tsit-tsióng tsîng-hóng ê tsi̍t-ê tiōng-iàu ê huān-lē sī mn̂g tsīng-me̍h hiat-ap sing-kuân. Tsit-tsióng tsîng-hóng kiò-tsò mn̂g tsīng-me̍h ko-hiat-ap, sī kuann-ngē-huàê tsú-iàu pìng-huat-tsìng (complication). Pak-tóo phòng-phuê pán-lâ (脂肪) tang-tiong, iām-tsìng sè-pau in-tsí kah kî-thann ū-to̍k ê bu̍t-tsit thong-kuè mn̂g tsīng-me̍h uì luē-tsōng pán-lâ tsuán-ūn tsì kuann-tsōng, tì-sú kuann-tsōng î-tó-sòo (insulin) té-khòng hām hui tsiú-tsing sìng pán-lâ kuann-pēnn.

## Tôo-siōng

File:Gray476.png|Human embryo with heart and anterior body-wall removed to show the sinus venosus and its tributaries
File:Gray1093.png|Section across the portal triad of the pig
File:Gray1090.png|Longitudinal section of a small portal vein and canal
File:Slide6gen.JPG|Hepatic portal vein. Plastination technique.
File:Slide22Gre.JPG|Hepatic portal vein. Abdominal cavity. Deep dissection.
File:Slide14CHA.JPG|Hepatic portal vein. Visceral surface of liver.


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Hepatic artery proper
*Portal venous system
*Hepatic portal system (肝門脈系)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*  - "Stomach, Spleen and Liver: The Visceral Surface of the Liver"
* 
* 
* 
*
Ladoga Ô͘

**Ladoga Ô͘** (, , ) sī Lō͘-se-a sai-pak-pō͘ Karelia Kiōng-hô-kok kap Leningrad Chiu ê chiáⁿ-chúi-ô͘, óa Sèng Pí-tek-pó. I sī sè-kài siōng tē 14 tōa ê ô͘, mā sī Au-chiu siōng tōa ê ô͘. 

## Tē-lí
Ladoga Ô͘ ê bīn-chek sī 17,891 km2 (bô pau-koat tó-sū), lâm-pak khoah-tō͘ sī 219 km, tang-sai khoah-tō͘ 83 km, pêng-kin chhim-tō͘ 51 m, siōng chhim 230 m (tī sai-pak-pō͘), chi̍p-chúi-ku ê bīn-chek sī 276,000 km2, chúi-thé thé-chek 837 km3. Ô͘ lāi-té ū 660 ê tó, chóng bīn-chek 455 km2. Khah chhut-miâ ê tó ū Valaam Kûn-tó, Kilpola kap Konevets. Tōa-pó-hun ê tó lóng tiàm sai-pak-pêng.

Ladoga Ô͘ ê chi̍p-chúi-khu ū 50,000 ê ô͘ kap 3,500 tiâu khah tn̂g 10 km ê khe. Tāi-iok 85% ê chúi tùi i ê chi-liû lâu ji̍p--khì, 13% tùi hō͘-chúi lâi, chhūn--ê 2% sī tùi tē-hā-chúi lâi--ê.

## Ô͘-piⁿ ê siâⁿ-chhī

* Shlisselburg ()
* Novaya Ladoga ()
* Syasstroy ()
* Pitkyaranta ()
* Sortavala ()
* Lakhdenpokhya（)
* Priozersk ()

## Siòng-phō͘

tóng-àn:Ладожское озеро. Мыс Рихиниеми.jpg|Lagado Ô͘ ê chio̍h-khàm
tóng-àn:The archipelago in Ladoga Lake with the Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Saviour..jpg|Lagado Ô͘ kap Valaam siu-tō-īⁿ
tóng-àn:Gorskii 04417u.jpg|Ladoga Ūn-hô téng-koân ê pâi-á
tóng-àn:Konevets Sand beach.JPG|Konevets Tó
tóng-àn:Sortavala harbour.jpg|Sortavala ê káng-kháu
tóng-àn:St. Nicholas Skete on island Valaam on Ladoga lake and little ship..jpg|Valaam tó téng-koân ê Saint Nicholas Skete
tóng-àn:Priroda Valaamskogo arhipelaga.jpg|Valaam Kûn-tó
tóng-àn:JbLLjT4260k.jpg|Ladoga Ô͘ lāi-té ê thih hái-ang tiau-sok
tóng-àn:Lake_Ladoga_-_superior_mirage_2.jpg|Ladoga Ô͘ téng ê hái-chhī-sīn-lâu
tóng-àn:Shlisselburg.jpg|Shlisselburg ê Oreshek Siâⁿ


## Tsù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Lō͘-se-a ê ô͘
R-77

**Vympel NPO R-77 tō-tān** (ing-gú: Vympel NPO R-77 missile; pak-iok pò-kò: AA-12 Adder; **Vympel NPO R-77 tō-tuânn**) sī Gôlôsu  (ARH) ê tshiau sī-kī khong tuì khong tō tān. R-77 mā in-uī i-ê tshut-kháu bîng-tshing RVV-AE jî-lâi bûn-bîng. R-77 sī Bí-kok AIM-120 AMRAAM tō-tān ê Gôlôsu tuì-ìng sán-phín.

R-77 ê khai-huat kuè-tîng lò-lò-tn̂g. Kang-tîng tī 20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi khai-sí; m̄-koh Soo-liân kái-thé tsìn-tsîng iah-bē uân-sîng. Tsia-tsē nî-lāi, kan-na uī-tio̍h tshut-kháu kheh-hōo sing-sán RVV-AE hîng-hō. Gô-U tsiàn-tsing tì-sú Ukraina tuì Gôlôsu si̍t-si bú-khì kìm-ūn, kiong-ìng liān hông tshiat-tn̄g, sing-sán tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo siu--tio̍h kan-jiáu. Gôlôsu hâng-khong hâng-thian kun tsuè-āu tī 2015-nî kā R-77-1 (AA-12B) tâu-ji̍p ho̍k-i̍k. Suî-āu, R-77 hōo Su-35S tsiàn-tàu-ki pōo-sú teh Syria tsìn-hîng khong-tiong sûn-lô. R-77-1 ê tshut-kháu hîng-hō kiò-tsò RVV-SD.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*  

## Tsham-ua̍t

*International Institute for Strategic Studies
*List of missiles
*AAM-4
*AIM-120 AMRAAM
*AIM-260 JATM
*Astra Mark 1
*GÖKTUĞ
*Long-Range Engagement Weapon
*Meteor (missile)
*PL-12
*PL-15
*PL-17
*PL-21
*Python (missile)
*Nńg-thé tsū-iû huat-lu̍t tiong-sim (Software Freedom Law Center)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Vympel npo r77 missile
*R-77 air-to-air missiles
*R-77/RVV-AE—-AA-12 Adder
Methanethiol

**Methanethiol** (methanethiol /ˌmɛθ.eɪn.ˈθaɪ.ɒl/, **MeSH**, (mā kiò-tsò methyl mercaptan); **kah-ki liû-sûn** (甲基硫醇)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng  (有機硫化合物), huà-ha̍k sik sī . Methanethiol sī tsi̍t-tsióng bô-sik ê khì-thé, kū-iú to̍k-ti̍k ê àu-tshàu khì-bī.  Methanethiol sī tsi̍t-tsióng thian-jiân ê bu̍t-tsit, tsûn-tsāi teh tōng-bu̍t (pau-kuat jîn-luī) ê hiat-i̍k, tuā-náu hām hùn-piān í-ki̍p si̍t-bu̍t tsoo-tsit tang-tiong. Methanethiol mā thian-jiân tsûn-tsāi teh tsi̍t-kuá-á si̍t-bu̍t tang-tiong, pí-jû tsi̍t-kuá-á kian-kó hām lú-lo̍k (奶酪). Methanethiol sī tì-sú kháu-tshàu hām tn̂g-uī khì  (pàng-phuì) tíng-tíng khì-bī ê huà-ha̍p bu̍t tsi-it. Methane-thiol sī siōng kán-tan ê thiol, ū-tang-sî-á sok-siá tsò MeSH. Methanethiol tsiânn-kín to̍h-hué.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Nucleophile
*Iodomethane

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*NLM Hazardous Substances Databank &ndash; Methyl mercaptan 
*CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 

Lūi-pia̍t:1-thòaⁿ goân-chí ê iú-ki huà-ha̍p-bu̍t
2003 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat

2003 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat (Éire ōe: Acht na dTeangacha Oifigiúla 2003) sī chi̍t phō keng-kòe Ài-ní-lân Oireachtas Gī-hōe só͘ thong-kòe ê hoat-lu̍t. Chit ê Hoat siá bêng kong-kiōng pō͘-mn̂g sú-iōng Éire ōe ê kui-tēng. Koh siat-li̍p Gí-giân Pān-sū Chhù (An Coimisinéir Teanga) lâi kàm-tok siāng-sî mā khak-pó kok kong-kiōng tan-ūi lóng tio̍h ài àn-chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê kui-tēng.

## Ài-ní-lân ōe kap Eng-gí Tē-ūi Pêng-téng
Kin-kù chit phō Hoat, it-poaⁿ lâi kóng, kāng-khoán ê tāi-chì, Ài-ní-lân ōe kap Eng-gí chit 2 chióng ho̍k-bū kok-ka èng-kai lóng ài thê-kiong. Ì-sù tio̍h sī kóng jīm-hô kok-ka ê bûn-kiāⁿ, tiōng-iàu ê pò-kò lóng ài ū chit 2 chióng ōe-gí ê pán-pún. Koh-lâi, mā tio̍h khak-tēng ū kàu chē lâng ē-hiáu kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe lâi tī kong-kiōng ki-koan ho̍k-bū, m̄ chiah thang lī-piān kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe ê lâng pān kong-ka ê tāi-chì.

## Tē-hō-miâ
Ùi 2003 nî 10 goe̍h 30 hō khai-sí, hū-chek ê pō͘-tiúⁿ (bo̍k-chêng sī Koan-kong, Bûn-hòa, Gē-su̍t, Gaeltacht, Ūn-tōng kap Mûi-thé Pō͘ hū-chek) tio̍h chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê Tē 5 Pō͘-hūn ê kui-tēng lâi kái tē-hō-miâ. In ē chiap-siū pēng-chhiáⁿ chham-khó Tē-hō-miâ Úi-oân-hōe ê kiàn-gī chiah iû pō͘-tiúⁿ lâi soan-pò͘ Tē-hō-miâ Bēng-lēng lâi kui-hoān chèng-sek ê Ài-ní-lân ōe pán-pún ê tē-hō-miâ. Che Tē-hō-miâ Bēng-lēng chú-iàu ê hoat-lu̍t éng-hióng ū ē-kha chit 2 pō͘-hūn:

*Tī Gaeltacht tē-khu (chú-iàu kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe ê só͘-chāi) í-gōa ê só͘-chāi ê tē-hō-miâ, Ài-ní-lân ōe kap Eng-gí pán-pún tī hoat-lu̍t siōng ū kāng-khoán ê tē-ūi.

*Tī Gaeltacht tē-khu, tī hoat-lu̍t siōng kan-ta àn-chiàu Ài-ní-lân ōe ê tē-hō-miâ, bô sú-iōng Eng-gí tē-miâ.

## 2021 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Siu-chèng Hoat
Chit ê Hoat siōng chú-iàu ê bo̍k-phiau sī beh ài tī 2030 nî ū 20% ê kong-bū-oân khoeh sī khai-hòng hō͘ ē-hiáu kóng Ài-ní-lân ōe--ê. Koh chìn chi̍t pō͘ kui-tēng kok-ka chū-pún chiàm tōa ê kong-si in kóng-kò ê ū-sǹg ài khai 20% tī iōng Ài-ní-lân ōe ê soan-thoân, koh chit 20% tong-tiong ê 4 hun chi 1 ài thàu-kòe Ài-ní-lân ê mûi-thé lâi kóng-kò. Koh-lâi, mā kui-hoān kóng kong-ka tan-ūi tio̍h ài chiong lâng ê Ài-ní-lân ōe ê miâ kap chū-chí siá ho͘ tio̍h, te̍k-pia̍t sī fadas (siaⁿ-tiāu hû-hō).

## Hoat-lu̍t Hoan-e̍k
Kin-kù che 2003 Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat ê kui-tēng, Ài-ní-lân Gī-hōe (Oireachtas) ê múi chit tiâu hoat-lu̍t lóng tio̍h ài ū koaⁿ-hong ê Éire ōe hoan-e̍k pán-pún, kap Eng-gí pán siāng-sî kong-kò. M̄-koh ū chi̍t kóa ho̍k-cha̍p ê hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn soah bô chiàu chit ê kui-tēng.

## 20 Nî Bo̍k-phiau
In-ūi chit ê hoat-àn lâi sêng-kong si-hêng (chìn-hêng), āu-lâi m̄ chiah koh ū "Éire Ōe-gí ê 20 Nî Chhek-lio̍k: 2010-2030", bo̍k-phiau sī ǹg-bāng kàu 2030 nî ta̍k-kang chì-chió ū 250,000 kóng Éire ōe.

## Chham-khó Lâi-goân
Yacc

**Yacc** (ing-gú: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler) sī-iû Stephen C. Johnson khai-huat ê iōng-teh Unix tshau-tsok hē-thóng ê kè-sǹg-ki tîng-sū. Yacc sī tsi̍t-ê Hiòng-tsîng khuànn uì tò-pîng kàu tsiànn-pîng siōng tsiànn-pîng thui-tō (LALR) kái-sik-khì sing-sîng khì, khiā tiàm hîng-sik gú-huat (形式語法/formal grammar) sing-sîng LALR kái-sik-khì (解析器) (pian-i̍k-khì (編譯器)) tang-tiong tshì khuànn-māi lí-kái guân tāi-bé (源代碼) ê gú-huat ì-gī ê pōo-hūn), iōng luī-sū ê hû-hō pian-siá Backus–Naur huān-sik (BNF). Yacc tsò-uî BSD hām AT&T Unix 上tíng-kuân ê piau-tsún si̍t-iōng tîng-sū thê-kiong. Khiāt-teh GNU ê Linux huat-hîng pán pau-kuat Bison, i sī hiòng-tsîng kiam-iông ê Yacc thè-tāi-phín (替代品).

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Compiler-compiler
*hoc (programming language)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Playground environment for learning and testing syntax
* 
* 
* 
*
Siām-lô oan

**Siām-lô uan** (Gulf of Siam), koh kiò-tsò **Thài-kok uan** (Gulf of Thailand), sī Lâm-hái se-lâm-pōo ê tsi̍t-ê tshián-tsuí uan, kài-î Ìn-tōo tsi-ná poàn-tó se-lâm huānn hām Má-lâi poàn-tó pak puànn-pōo tsi-kan. Siām-lô uan tn̂g tāi-iok 800 km (500 mile), khuan ta̍t-kàu 560 km (350 mile), piáu bīn-tsik uî 320,000 km2 (120,000 mile2). Hái-uan pak-pōo, se-pōo kap se-lâm-pōo hōo Thài-kok hái-huānn-suànn sóo pau-uî (in-tshù tik miâ), tang-pak-pōo kap Kán-po͘-chē hām Oa̍t-lâm Mekong Hô saⁿ-kak-chiu (三角洲) tē-khu sio-liân, tang-lâm-pōo thong-hiòng Lâm-hái.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*2010 floods in Thailand and north Malaysia
*Apsara field

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Maritime boundary delimitation in the gulf of Thailand – Schofield, Clive Howard (1999)
Amisulpride

**Amisulpride** sī chi̍t-chióng chí-thò͘ kap khòng cheng-sîn-pīⁿ io̍h-á, iōng khah kē ê chè-liōng chhiⁿ-kun chù-siā, iōng chòe ū-hông kap tī-liâu chhiú-su̍t āu ê péng-pak kap lia̍h-tó͘; chia̍h ê chè-liōng khah koân, thang tī-liâu su-kak-sit-tiâu kap kip-sèng cheng-sîn-pīⁿ hoat-chok. I ê phín-pâi miâ sī **Barhemsys** (iōng chòe chí-thò͘ io̍h-á) kap **Solian、Socian、Deniban**(iōng chòe khòng cheng-sîn-pīⁿ io̍h-á) hoàn-bē. Tī hui-siông kē ê chè-liōng, ōe-tàng iōng chòe tī-liâu bái chêng-sû (khí-mo͘ bái).
Gaeltacht

**Gaeltacht** (Ài-ní-lân Gael-gí: []), sī Éire (iā-tio̍h-sī Ài-ní-lân) in chèng-hú só͘ jīn-tēng chú-iàu kóng Éire-gí (Gaeilge) ê só͘-chāi. Chit ê só͘-chāi tio̍h sī Éire-gí ê kò͘-hiong. Ghaeltacht siōng thâu-á sī tī 1920 nî-tāi Éire Chū-iû Chiu ê sî-tāi siū koaⁿ-hong jīn-tēng, chèng-hú mā tī hit chūn khai-sí ū chi̍t kóa chèng-chhek lâi beh hôe-ho̍k Éire ōe. Tī Ghaeltacht só͘-chāi, in ê ōe-gí í-keng thè-pō͘ kah chin giâm-tiōng. Tī Gaeltacht soán-kí lóng-chóng hun chò 155 soán khu. Kin-kù 2015 nî só͘ hoat-piáu ê gián-kiù, tī só͘-ū ê Gaeltacht soán khu tang-tiong kan-ta ū 21 khu ū chhiau-kòe 2/3 (3 hun chi 2) ê jîn-kháu ta̍k-kang ū teh kóng Éire-gí. Ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi, chi̍t chióng ōe-gí nā beh ài ē-tit thoân-sêng, phó͘-thong sî-á tio̍h ài ū chì-chió 2/3 ê jîn-kháu lâi teh sú-iōng hit khoán ōe-gí.

## Jîn-kháu
Kin-kù Gaeltachta Chèng-hú ê thóng-kè, Gaeltacht ê jîn-kháu lóng-chóng ū 95,503 lâng. Kî-tiong tòa tī Gaillimh ê ū 14,000 lâng.

Bo̍k-chêng Gaeltacht hêng-chèng khu ê kui-ōe iáu sī ū chin chē gī-lūn.

## Hêng-chèng Khang-khòe
Hêng-chèng khang-khòe sī tiong-iong ê Koan-kong, Bûn-hòa, Gē-su̍t, Gaeltacht, Ūn-tōng kap Mûi-thé Pō͘ () lâi chhōa-thâu, hū-chek Gaeltacht só͘-chāi ê só͘-ū chèng-chhek í-ki̍p koán-lí Gaeltacht só͘-ū ê chèng-hú tan-ūi. La-jí-oh ū RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta tiān-tâi chú-iàu hòng-sàng Éire-gí ê chiat-bo̍k. Chóng-pō͘ chhāi tī Gaillimh ê TG4 tiān-sī tâi chú-iàu hū-chek chò chhui-kóng Éire ōe ê tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k.

Ùi 2005 nî 3 goe̍h khai-sí, tī Gaeltacht tē-khu ê lō͘ pâi-á kan-ta lia̍t Éire ōe ê tē-hō-miâ, bô koh lēng-gōa phiau siá Eng-gí miâ. Chit hāng kái-piàn tē-hō-miâ ê khang-khòe sī chun-chiàu Koaⁿ-hong Gí-giân Hoat hoat-pò͘ liáu-āu só͘ hoat ê Tē-hō-miâ Bēng-lēng lâi kā oân-sêng.

## Gí-giân Ho̍k-heng kap Chhòng-sin
Kui ê Ài-ní-lân, ùi lâm kàu pak, ū put-chí-á chē só͘-chāi lóng siūⁿ-beh koh tiông-sin kiàn-li̍p kóng Éire-gí ê siā-khu. Kok tē só͘ chò ê thêng-tō͘ bô kāng. M̄-nā tī chng-kha, to͘-chhī mā kāng-khoán ū só͘-chāi teh chò. Chit-má phó͘-thong sî-á ū teh kóng Éire-gí--ê tōa pō͘-hūn lóng tòa tī Gaeltacht í-gōa ê só͘-chāi. Iû-kî tī Dublin kóng Éire-gí ê lâng siōng chē.

### Dublin
Tī Dublin-chhī lāi kap kui ê Tōa Dublin Tē-khu ū siōng chē ta̍k-kang lóng ū teh kóng Éire-gí ê jîn-kháu, lóng-chóng chiàm in choân-kok kóng Éire-gí ê lâng ê 18%, ū 14,229 lâng.

Tī Dublin-koān ū chhiau-kòe 50 keng Ài-ní-lân-gí ha̍k-hāu, iā-tio̍h-sī iōng Éire-gí lâi kà-chheh ê ha̍k-hāu. Kî-tiong ū 10 keng tiong-ha̍k.

## Gaeilge Ha̍k-īⁿ
Gaeilge Ha̍k-īⁿ tio̍h sī teh kà Gaeilge (Éire-gí) ê ha̍k-hāu. Khò-têng it-poaⁿ ē an-pâi tī joa̍h-thiⁿ ū 3 lé-pài ê sî-kan hō͘ ha̍k-seng lâi ha̍k-hāu ji̍t-sî siōng-khò àm-sî tòa tī sok-sià, thé-giām choân Gaeilge ê khoân-kéng.

Che Gaeilge ha̍k-īⁿ kap it-poaⁿ ha̍k-hāu kāng-khoán, chio-seng lâng-sò͘, kà-chheh ê chu-keh téng-téng lóng tio̍h ài àn-chiàu Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ ê kui-tēng. Ū ê khò-têng sī í tāi-ha̍k chò ki-chhó͘ lâi an-pâi ê.

## Chham-khó Lâi-goân


Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân
Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân ê tē-lí‎
Skydio

**Skydio** sī Bí-kok tsi̍t-king bô-jîn-ki tsè-tsō-siong, tsóng-pōo khiā-tī Bí-kok California tsiu San Mateo. Tī 2021-nî 3-gue̍h, Skydio tsit-king kong-si suah piàn-sîng tsi̍t-tsiah to̍k-kak-siù (獨角獸); tsiânn-tsò Bí-kok tē-it king tsu-pún gia̍h tshiau-kuè 10 ik bí-kim ê bô-jîn-ki tset-so-siong.

## Li̍k-sú
Skydio kong-si iû Adam Bry, Abe Bachrach kap Matt Donahoe tī 2014-nî tshòng-li̍p, in lóng pat-teh Massachusetts lí-kang ha̍k-īnn ha̍k-si̍p kuè. Adam Bry hām Abe Bachrach tsham-ú kiông-tāi ê ke-khì-lâng hāng-bo̍k, gián-kiù tsè-tsō bô su-iàu GPS tō ē-sái ka-kī hui-hîng ê hui-ki tsi hong-huat; siōng-bué-á gián-tsè tshut tsah-ū laser tshik-kū-gî (測距儀) ê kòo-tīng i̍k bô-jîn-ki, tsi̍t-tsiah bô-jîn-ki ē-tàng teh thîng-tshia tiûnn sì-khoo uî-á tsū-tōng tō-hâng. Tī 2012-nî, Bry hām Bachrach pang-tsān khai-huat tsū-tsú khòng-tsè sǹg-huat, ē-tàng kè-sǹg hui-ki ê kuí-tsik pīng-tshiánnkhak-tīng hui-ki i-ê "tsōng-thài"——hui-ki ê uī-tì, bu̍t-lí hong-hiòng, sok-tōo kap ka-sok-tōo. Pit-gia̍p liáu-āu, Bry hām Bachrach tī 2012-nî tsiông-sū kang-gia̍p khang-khuè, teh Google ê Project Wing khui-khé Google ê tsū-tsú bô-jîn-ki hāng-bo̍k. Khuànn-tio̍h bô-jîn-ki tuì tsū-tsú sìng ê su-kiû, 2014-nî, Bry, Bachrach kap Donahoe tshòng-li̍p Skydio; tō-lâi si̍t-hiān bô-jîn-ki teh ta̍k ê hâng-gia̍p kah ìng-iōng tang-tiong kū-iú tuā-bong tsiâm-li̍k ê guān-kíng. Tsá-kî ê tâu-tsu-tsiá pau-kuat hong-hiám tâu-tsu-ka Andreessen Horowitz.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Andreessen Horowitz
*Unicorn (finance)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*Skydio Stops Selling Consumer Drones
*Skydio is pivoting to enterprise — its consumer drones are dead
*
Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông

**Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông** (hàn-gú: 北洋軍醫學堂; **Pak-iûnn kun-i ha̍k-tông**) khai-sí tshòng-li̍p tī 1902-nî (Tshing Kong-sū 28-nî), sī kin-á-ji̍t teh Tâi-uân ê kok-hông i-ha̍k-īnn, hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò Kok-hông i-ha̍k tiong-sim (NDMC) ê tsiân-sin. Iōng tsit-khuánn ê tshing-hoo tio̍h-hōo Tiong-hua bîn-kok kok-hông i-ha̍k-īnn tsiânn-tsò Tiong-hua bîn-kok kun-sū īnn-hāu tang-tiong li̍k-sú siōng iu-kiú ê ha̍k-hú.

## Li̍k-sú
Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông tshòng-li̍p tī 1902-nî 11-gue̍h 14-ji̍t, sī hit tong-sî Ti̍t-lē tsóng-tok pak-iông tāi-sîn Uân Sè-khái sóo tshòng-li̍p, iû Pak-iông kun-tsìng-su kun-kio̍k hū-tsik tiû-pān. Kun-i-kio̍k tsóng-pān Sû Huâ-tshing (徐華清/Tshî Huâ-tshing) kiam-jīm ha̍k-tông tsóng-lí. Phìng-tshiánn Ji̍t-pún tsū-kun pēnn-īnn ê īnn-tiúnn Hiraga Seijilou (平賀精次郎/) lio̍k-kun jī-tíng kun-i-tsìng (軍醫正) uî tsóng-kàu-si̍p (總教習). Tsuan-bûn puê-ióng Pak-iông lio̍k-kun kun-i uî bo̍k-ti̍k, tī 1902-nî 12 gue̍h 1-ji̍t kú-pān thâu-tsi̍t-kî tsio-sing khó-tshì, lio̍k-tshú tsiann-pī ha̍k-guân 46 jîn. 1902-nî 12-gue̍h khai-sí siū-khò. 1903-nî tshun-thinn, ho̍k-tshì tsin-suántsin-sua, tsiann-tshú ha̍k-sing 37-jîn; uî lio̍k-tshú ê ha̍k-guân khàu-tû miâ-gia̍h, tio̍h-sî hù-khò tsiá (附課者). Kin-kì Pak-iông kun-i ha̍k-tông tsiong-tîng (北洋軍醫學堂章程), ha̍k-tsè 3-nî puànn, siat-li̍p tsóng-huē-pān 2-guân, tsóng-kàu 1-guân, hun-kàu 8-guân. Pak-iông ta̍k-nî puah-khuánn 2 bān-niú king-huì. 1906-nî tshòng-pān io̍h-kho. Tīng Siū (鄭壽), Bīng Bo̍k-tik (孟目的), Tîn Phok (陳璞) tíng-tíng jîn-sū sian-āu tam-jīm tsú-jīm.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

*天津史志丛刊. 1, 二十世纪初的天津概况 [地方志] / 日本中国驻屯军司令部编 ; 侯振彤译 (1986年4月第1版)  内部发行. 

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Pak-iông hông-i̍k pēnn-īnn (北洋防疫醫院)
*Thian-tsin kuann pēnn-īnn (天津官醫院)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*国防医学院首页-National Defense Medical Center，NDMC
Bill Clinton tân-hāi àn

**Bill Clinton tân-hāi àn** (ing-gú: Impeachment of Bill Clinton), sī Bí-kok tē-42 jîm tsóng-thóng Bill Clinton tī 1998-nî 12-gue̍h 19-ji̍t hōo tē-105 kài Bí-kok kok-huē tsiòng-gī-īnn tân-hāi, tsuē-miâ sī "tāng-tsuē hām khin-tsuē". Tsiòng-gī-īnn thong-kuè nn̄g-hāng tsiam-tuì Clinton 的 tân-hāi tiâu-khuán, kî-tiong tsiam-tuì Clinton ê kū-thé tsí-khòng sī suan-sè kap hông-gāi su-huat kong-tsìng. Līng-guā nn̄g-phinn bûn-tsiunn mā pat hông khó-lū kuè; m̄-koh hōo tsiòng-gī-īnn tâu-phiò hóo-kuat.

Tsiòng-gī-īnn tī 1998-nî 10-gue̍h 8-ji̍t khí-tāng tsìng-sik tiâu-tsa āu, Clinton hông tân-hi̍k. Clinton hông tân-hi̍k ê tsí-khòng guân-tsū Paula Jones tuì Clinton the̍h-khí ê sìng so-jiáu sòo-siōng. Teh sòo-siōng ê ū-sím huat-hiān kuè-tîng tang-tiong, Clinton tsò-tsíng hóo-jīn i kah Pe̍h-kiong (白宮) si̍t-si̍p-sing (實習生) Monica Lewinsky huat-sing sìng kuan-hē. Tân-hi̍k tsóng-thóng ê tshui-huà-tsè (催化劑) sī "Starr pò-kò", tse-sī tsi̍t-hūn iû to̍k-li̍p huat-lu̍t kòo-būn Ken Starr tī 1998-nî 9-gue̍h uî tsiòng-gī-īnn su-huat uí-uân-huē pian-siá ê pò-kò. Starr pò-kò pau-hâm kài-su̍t, Clinton 和 Lewinsky tsi-kan sìng kuan-hē ê siông-sè sìn-sit, Clinton sī tē-2 uī hông tân-hi̍k 的 Bí-kok tsóng-thóng, tē-1 uī sī 1868-nî hōo tân-hi̍k ê Andrew Johnson.

Phue-tsún ê tân-hi̍k tiâu-khuán tio̍h tī 1999-nî 1-gue̍h 7-ji̍t the̍h-kau hōo Bí-kok tsham-gī-īnn. Suî-āu tsham-gī-īnn khai-sí sím-phuànn, iû siú-si̍k tāi-huat-kuann William Rehnquist tsú-tshî. Tī 2-gue̍h 12-ji̍t, Clinton teh nn̄g-hāng tsuē-miâ tíng-kuân lóng hông suan-kò bô-tsuē, in-uī nn̄g-lâng lóng bô hi̍k-tik tīng-tsuē 和 bián-tsit sóo-su ê tshut-si̍k tsham-gī-guân 3 hun tsi 2 to-sòo phiò —— teh pún-àn tang-tiong uî 67 phiò. Teh tē-1 tiâu tang-tiong, 45 miâ tsham-gī-guân tâu-phiò tsi-tshî ū-tsuē, 55 miâ tsham-gī-guân tâu-phiò tsi-tshî bô-tsuē sik-hòng. Kuan-îtē-2 tiâu, 50 miâ tsham-gī-guân tâu-phiò tsi-tshî ū-tsuē, 50 miâ tsham-gī-guân tâu-phiò tsi-tshî bô-tsuē. Clinton teh i tē-2 ê jīm-kî ê tshun--ê sî-kan luē kè-sio̍k liû-jīm.

## Tsù-sik

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
*Impeachment process against Richard Nixon
*First impeachment of Donald Trump
*Second impeachment of Donald Trump
*Impeachment: American Crime Story
*List of federal political scandals in the United States
*List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
*Second-term curse
*Sexual misconduct allegations against Bill Clinton

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* "The Articles Explained". *The Washington Post*. (December 18, 1998.) Archived August 16th, 2000 from the original link.
* "The Starr Report", *The Washington Post* (September 16, 1998)
* "Impeachment of William Jefferson Clinton, President of the United States, Report of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, together with additional, minority, and dissenting views" (H. Rpt. 105-830) (440 pages), December 16, 1998
* "Dale Bumpers: Closing Defense Arguments—Impeachment Trial of William J. Clinton"
Hông Têng-kian

**Hông Tîng-kian** (hàn-gú: 黃庭堅; 1045-nî — 1105-nî; **N̂g Tîng-kian**), jī Lóo-ti̍k (魯直), hō San-kok tō-jîn (山谷道人), Ū-tsiong sian-sinn (豫章先生), buán hō Hiû-Ong (涪翁), Tiong-kok Kang-se Hông-tsiu Hun-lîng (kin-á-ji̍t ê Kang-se Kiú-kang tshī Siu-tsuí kuān) ê jîn-sū; iah tsū-tshing uî Lâm-tshiong jîn (南昌人). Pak-Sòng si-jîn, suh-uat ka, Kang-se si-phài tsóo-su. Su-huat mā ē-tàng ka-kī tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-khuànn hong-keh, uî Sòng-tāi sù-ka tsi-it. Tîng-kian tok-sìn Hu̍t-kàu; iah bōo-sìn Tō-kàu, hōng-thāi pē-bió put-tsí-á hàu-sūn, sui-jiân teh tsò-kuann, khiok tshin-tsū uī sī-tuā-lâng sé-tn̄g piān-khì, mā sī 24 hàu tsi-it. Hông Tîng-kian kah Tiong Luē (張耒), Tiâu Póo-tsi (晁補之), Tsîn Kuan (秦觀) tsiah-ê lâng lóng pat teh Soo Sik (蘇軾) ê mn̂g-hā ha̍k-si̍p; pīng-tshiánn lóng hông kiò-tsò Soo mn̂g sù ha̍k-sū (蘇門四學士). It-sing hām-ji̍p (陷入) Sin-kū tóng-tsing (新舊黨爭), hōo Sin tóng (新黨) bû-hāi (誣害), liû-hòng (流放), tsò-kuann tsò-kàu Ti-tsiu (知州). Siāu-hing tshoo-nî, Sòng Ko-tsong (宋高宗) tui-hong i tsò Thài-su (太師), Liông-tôo kok (龍圖閣) Ti̍k ha̍k-sū (直學士), ik (謚) Bûn-tsiat (文節)。

## Hông Tîng-kian ê tsok-phín


黄庭坚 松风阁诗.jpg|
Huang Tingjian - Seven-character Poetry.jpg| 
Huang_Tingjian_Fu_Bo_Shen_Ci.jpg| 
寒食帖.jpg| 


## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Guân-iū tóng-tsi̍k pi (元祐黨籍碑)
*Sin-kū tóng-tsing (新舊黨爭)
*Kang-se si phài (江西詩派)

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
* 浅见洋二：黄庭坚诗注的形成与黄膋《山谷年谱》 
* 高桥幸吉：金末元初文人论黄庭坚 

Lūi-pia̍t:1045 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:1105 nî kòe-sin
Lūi-pia̍t:N̂g--sī

Lūi-pia̍t:Sòng-tiâu ê chok-ka
Tâi-oân ê lêng-goân

Tâi-oân khiàm chū-sán lêng-goân, ko-tō͘ óa-khò chìn-kháu. 2018 nî-tō͘ ê lêng-goân kiong-kip ū 97.80% lâi-chū chìn-kháu. In-èng chit-khoán chêng-sè, Tâi-oân ê lêng-goân hoat-tián bo̍k-piau sī khak-pó lêng-goân an-choân, le̍k-sek keng-chè, khoân-kéng éng-sio̍k kap siā-hōe kong-pêⁿ ê kun-hêng hoat-tián. Tâi-oân tī 2015 nî ê thòaⁿ pâi-hòng iok chiàm thong-sè-kài ê 0.77%. 2018 nî chio̍h-iû siau-hùi-liōng sī 49,074-chheng kong-péng iû-tong-liōng, pí 2017 nî cheng-ka 0.07%. Tiān-le̍k siau-hùi-liōng sī 264,386 pah-bān tō͘, pí 2017 nî cheng-ka 1.14%. Ūi-tio̍h kiám-kē tùi chìn-kháu lêng-goân ê óa-khò, chū 1990 nî-tāi khai-sí, í Keng-chè-pō͘ Lêng-goân-kio̍k, Kho-ki-pō͘, Goân-chú-lêng Úi-oân-hōe kap kúi keng tāi-ha̍k ûi-chú, khai-sí chài-seng lêng-goân ê gián-kiù, ǹg-bāng thang cheng-ka pún-thó͘ chū-sán lêng-goân ê pí-lē. 2022 nî, Tâi-oân ê chài-seng lêng-goân hoat-tiān-liōng chiàm chéng-thé hoat-tiān-liōng ê 8.3%, chhiau-kòe he̍k-lêng ê 8.2%. Che sī chài-seng lêng-goân choân nî-tō͘ hoat-tiān-liōng tē-it pái chhiau-kòe he̍k-lêng. Chài-seng lêng-goân ê hoat-tiān-liōng hām kū-nî sio-pí cheng-ka 36%. Tâi-oân Keng-chè-pō͘ piáu-sī, ē koh kè-sio̍k cheng-ka le̍k-sek tiān-le̍k chong-tì iông-liōng, ī-kè kàu 2025 nî kàu 29 chheng óa.
Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun

**Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun** (S'gaw Karen: ကညီဒီကလုာ် တၢ်ထူၣ်ဖျဲး သုးမုၢ်ဒိၣ်, myanmar-gú: ကရင်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; ing-gú: Karen National Liberation Army, sok-siá tsò **KNLA**) sī  Myanmar Karen bîn-tso̍k liân-bîng ê kun-sū hun-ki (Karen bîn-tso̍k liân-bîng), tì-li̍k teh Myanmar Karen tso̍k jîn-bîn ê tsū-kuat (í-tsîng ê Burma). Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun uì 1949-nî í-lâi it-ti̍t kah Burma tsìng-hú tsok-tsiàn. Kin-kì pò-tō, Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun ê ping-li̍k tī 1980-nî tāi-iok ū 20,000 jîn, 2001-nî ū 3,000 jîn, 2006-nî ū 5,000 jîn, 2012-nî ū 6,000 jîn, 2014-nî ū 7,000 jîn. Tsia̍t-tsí 2021 nî-tshe, KNLA kóo-kè tsì-tsió ū 15,000 miâ sū-ping. Kun-tuī hun-tsò 7-ê lú  kap tsi̍t-ki ti̍k-tsióng tsok-tsiàn pó-liû ê "ti̍k-tsióng pōo-tuī".

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
*Mon National Liberation Army
*New Mon State Party

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Karen National Union home page
* Victory over KNU, new order on Thai-Burma border
* This Month in History – May
* Karen rebels go on offensive in Myanmar
* Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) on Schema-root
* BLOG: BURMA CONFLICT SITUATION REPORT
* PHOTO ESSAYS OF ACTIVIST CAUSES AND DEMOS
* Six month battle report for the Karen National Liberation Army
* The flag of the Karen National Liberation Army
Gîn-hâng sòe

**Gîn-hâng suè** (bank tax) hi̍k-tsiá **gîn-hâng khiò-suè** (bank levy) sī tī 2007-08 nî kim-iông guî-ki puē-kíng hā thó-lūn ê tuì gîn-hâng ting-siu ê suè.Gîn-hâng suè sī tuì kim-iông ki-kòo ê hong-hiám tsu-pún ting-siu ê, bî pau-kuat liân-pang pó-hiám tsûn-khuán, bo̍k-tik sī tsóo-tsí gîn-hâng sîng-tam bô pit-iàu ê hong-hiā. Gîn-hâng suè sī tsiam-tuì tsió-sòo king-giām hong-hù ê la̍p-suè jîn ting-siu ê, pīng-bô ti̍k-pia̍t phái liáu-kái. Gîn-hâng suè ē-tàng iōng-lâi té-siau bo̍k-tsiân suè-siu hē-thóng tuì gîn-hâng ê kok-tsióng póo-thiap hong-sik; pí-jû khàu-tû put-liông tāi-khuán tsún-pī-kim (貸款準備金), iân-tî tuì kok-guā siu--tio̍h ê lī-sik ting-suè, í-ki̍p siu-kòo kî-thann gîn-hâng, pīng-tshiánn lī-iōng i-ê sún-sit té-siau bī-lâi ê lîng-li̍k siu-ji̍p.  Uānn-kù-uē-kóng, gîn-hâng suè sī 2008-nî kim-iông guî-ki liáu-āu iōng-teh kiù-tsōo tuā-hîng gîn-hâng ê la̍p-suè jîn tsu-kim ê sió-gia̍h pò-siau; pīng-tshiánn king-kuè tsing-sim siat-kè, kan-na tsiam-tuì tsi̍t-kuá-á hông jīn-uî "Tuā-kah bē-īng-eh tó" (too big to fail) ê ki-kòo.

Tī 2010-nî 4-gue̍h 16-ji̍t, kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kim tsoo-tsit (IMF) thê-tshut sann-tsióng khó-lîng ê ìng-tuì guî-ki ê hong-àn; tsia ê hong-àn sī ìng G20 líng-tō jîn tsá-sian tī 2009-nî 9-gue̍h G20 Pittsburgh hong-huē tíng-kuân thê-tshut ê iau-kiû, iau-kiû tsi̍t-hūn tiâu-tsa pò-kò ìng-tuì guî-ki ê suán-ti̍k. Kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kim tsoo-tsit suán-ti̍k tsi-tshî "kim-iông ún-tīng kòng-hiàn" (FSC) suán-hāng, tsiânn-tsē muî-thé kā i kiò-tsò "gîn-hâng suè". Teh kok-tsè huè-pè ki-kimtsoo-tsit ê pò-kò tsiân-āu, koh-kok ling-to-jîn tsiū tsit tsióng "gîn-hâng suè" ing-kai sī tsuân-kiû sìng ê iah-sī puànn tsuân-kiû sìng ê, hi̍k-tsiá i kám-sī ing-kai kan-na sik-iōng teh bóo tsi̍t-kuá-á kok-ka tsìn-hîng siong-tong tuā ê piān-lūn.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

*Financial Crisis Responsibility Fee
*Capital levy
*Currency transaction tax
*Financial transaction tax
*List of G-20 summits
*Robin Hood tax
*Spahn tax
*Tobin tax
*Transfer tax

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat
*Factbox: European countries imposing windfall taxes on banks | Reuters 
*Taxation of banking - House of Commons Library
*Bank Franchise Tax | Virginia Tax