open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Koân-kut

**Koân-kut** (Latin-gí: *os zygomaticum*, *os jugale*; siáu-kang-kut) sī thâu-koà-kut ê chi̍t hūn, sio̍k kî-tiong gân-bīn-kut, sī gán-o ê pō͘-hūn pian-khng, chhi-chhî lâng ê chhùi-phoé.

## Goā-pō liân-kiat

*
Hā-kah-kài

**Hā-kah-kài** (Latin-gí: *concha nasalis inferior*), ia̍h **hā-kah-kài-kut**, sǹg sī thâu-koà-kut tiong ê gân-bīn-kut chi̍t hūn. I sī phīⁿ-khiuⁿ lāi 3 tè phīⁿ-kah-kài (*concha nasalis*) chi it, chóng-sī lēng-goā nn̄g tè siōng-kah-kài kap tiong-kah-kài lóng sī kî-tha kut-thâu ê sio-liâm pō͘-hūn.
Chhùi-kòa

**Chhùi-koà** (Latin-gí: *Palatum*), ia̍h ū kóng **chiūⁿ-kiuⁿ**, sī ko-téng chek-chui tōng-bu̍t chhùi-khiuⁿ ê téng-bīn koà, mā keh chhut phīⁿ-khiuⁿ khong-kan, tùi lâng kóng-oē kap chia̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ chin tiōng-iàu.

## Chham-chiàu
Chhùi-phoé

**Chhùi-phoé** (, ia̍h siá-chò "嘴頰") sī bīn ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, tī ba̍k-chiu, phīⁿ-á, hīⁿ-á, chhùi chi kan. Chhùi-phoé ê lāi-té pêng sī chhùi-khiuⁿ ê piah.
Bīn

**Bīn** () sī tōng-bu̍t ê thâu goā-piáu ū ba̍k-chiu, phīⁿ, chhùi téng kò͘-chō ê pō͘-hūn, bīn só͘ chiàⁿ tùi ê hong-hiòng, tio̍h sī lâng jīn-ti lāi sin-thé ê "chiàⁿ-bīn".
Chhioh-kut

**Chhioh-kut** (Latin-gí: *ulna*) sī chêng-phok pō͘-ūi nn̄g ki kut chi it, sio pêng-hêng ê lēng-goā chi̍t ki sī jiâu-kut.
Cojuangco

**Cojuangco** sī Hui-li̍p-pin ê chi̍t-ê sī-cho̍k kiam sèⁿ-sī. "Cojuangco" sī tōng-tē chi̍t ke Khó͘ (許) sèⁿ ka-cho̍k ê ka-hō **Khó͘ Hoân Ko** (許寰哥) ê Se-pan-gâ-sek pheng-im. Che "Khó͘ Hoân Ko" miâ-hō goân-té sī 19 sè-kí khì Hui-li̍p-pin hoat-tián ê Hok-kiàn-lâng Kó͘ Siōng-chì (許尚志) ê chhiok-hō.

Hui-li̍p-pin ū nn̄g jīm chóng-thóng sio̍k chit-ê sī-cho̍k: Corazon Aquino, kap i-ê hāu-seⁿ Benigno Aquino 3-sè.
Chêng-phok

**Chêng-phok** (Latin-gí: *Antebrachium*; Tek-gí: *Unterarm*), ia̍h **sió-pì**, sī siōng-chi oá chhiú-oáⁿ ê hit toāⁿ. I tī chhiú-khiau kap siōng-phok (*Oberarm*) sio-chiap.

Chi-chhî chêng-phok ê kut-thâu chú-iàu sī chhioh-kut kap jiâu-kut.
Siōng-phok

**Siōng-phok** (Latin-gí: *Brachium*; Tek-gí: *Oberarm*), ia̍h **téng-pì**, sī siōng-chi oá keng-kah-thâu ê hit toāⁿ. Siōng-phok hoān-ûi hâm koh-ē-lang kap keng-kah, i tī chhiú-khiau kap chêng-phok (*Antebrachium*) sio-chiap. Chi-chhî siōng-phok ê kut-thâu chú-iàu sī siōng-phok-kut.

## Miâ
Tī Latin-gí, siōng-phok sī kan-tan hō chò "*brachium*" ("phok" ê ì-sù), Eng-gí mā kâng-khoán, kaⁿ-taⁿ hō "arm", jī-bīn-siōng lóng bô "siōng" ê ì-sù. M̄-koh put-koán sī Eng-gí ê "arm", ia̍h sī Hô-ló-oē ê "phok" kap "chhiú-pì", tī kháu-gú siōng lóng ū kui ki siōng-chi, ia̍h tio̍h sī hâm siōng-phok kiam chêng-phok ê ì-sù.
Siōng-chi

**Siōng-chi** (; ; ) sī tōng-bu̍t sì-chi tiong oá thâu hit siang, lēng-goā chi̍t siang kiò hā-chi. 

## Miâ
Lâng kap chi̍t koá sa-lia̍h lêng-le̍k khah hoat-tián ê tōng-bu̍t ê siōng-chi koh kiò **chhiú-pì** (*arm*), kî-thaⁿ ê miâ koh ū **chhiú-kó͘**, **phok** (). Chú-iàu hun siōng-phok, chêng-phok, chhiú-chiúⁿ 3 toāⁿ, che 3-ê pō͘-hun tī Hō-ló-oē mā ē-sái ha̍p kóng **chhiú**, chóng-sī "chhiú" ū-sî koh sī choan-bûn chí chhiú-chiúⁿ, tio̍h sī seⁿ chéng-thâu ê pō͘-hūn.

Nā kî-thaⁿ ēng sì ki kiâⁿ-lō͘ ê tōng-bu̍t, siōng-chi mā kiò **chêng-kha**, **chêng-thúi**.

Eng-gí kóng ê "arm", tī kháu-gú-siōng sui-jiân sī kui ki chhiú-pì ê ì-sù, m̄-koh nā tī i-ha̍k su̍t-gí, tiāⁿ sī choan-bûn kóng siōng-phok, ia̍h tio̍h sīong-chi tī keng-kah kap chhiú-khiau chi kan hit toāⁿ.
Hā-chi

**Hā-chi** (; ; ) sī tōng-bu̍t sì-chi tiong oá kha-chhng hit siang, lēng-goā chi̍t siang kiò siōng-chi. Hā-chī mā kiò **āu-chi** ia̍h sī **āu-thúi**, **āu-kha**, m̄-koh hā-chi tio̍h sī jîn-lūi ê "kha", jîn-lūi ê siōng-chi kiò "chhiú".
Goā-hīⁿ

**Goā-hīⁿ** (Latin-gí: *auris externa*) sī hīⁿ-á oá thâu goā-bīn ê pō͘-hūn, hâm hīⁿ-kài kap goā-hīⁿ-tō, ū siu-chi̍p siaⁿ-im ê chok-iōng.

## Siong-koan
* Tiong-hīⁿ
* Loē-hīⁿ
Hīⁿ-tō

**Hīⁿ-tō** (Tek-gí: *Gehörgang*) sī hīⁿ lāi-té ê thong-tō, hun goā-hīⁿ-tō (*äußeren Gehörgang*) kap loē-hīⁿ-tō (*inneren Gehörgang*) nn̄g toāⁿ, in tiong-ng sī hīⁿ-kó͘ sio-keh.
Hīⁿ-kài

**Hīⁿ-kài**, mā kiò **hīⁿ-khak**, sī tōng-bu̍t hīⁿ hiòng thâu goā-bīn thòng chhut ê kin-bah kiam nńg-kut, sio̍k goā-hīⁿ chi̍t pō͘-hūn, tio̍h sī kháu-gú siōng kiò "hīⁿ" ê kò͘-chō.
Kin-bah

**Kin-bah** (筋肉; Eng-gí: *muscle*), Hàn-bûn siá **ki-bah** (肌肉), sī tōng-bu̍t sin-khu téng chi̍t khoán ū siu-siok lêng-le̍k ê cho͘-chi̍t. Kui sin-khu ê kin-bah ha̍p chò kin-bah hē-thóng. Kin-bah ē-ēng hun-chò kut-keh-kin, sim-kin kap pêⁿ-ku̍t-kin 3 chióng.
Kin-bah hē-thóng

**Kin-bah hē-thóng** (Eng-gí: *Muscular system*) sī khì-koan hē-thóng chi it, toā-hūn siū sîn-keng hē-thóng khòng-chè, sīu kut hē-thóng chi-chhî, sī tōng-bu̍t oa̍h-tāng ê ki-chhó͘.
Khì-koan hē-thóng

**Khì-koan hē-thóng** (Eng-gí: *organ system*), he̍k-chiá **khì-koan-hē**, ū-sî ti̍t-chiap kóng **hē-thóng**, sī kái-phò-ha̍k siōng kun-kù kong-lêng tùi khì-koan ê hun-cho͘.
Tiong-hīⁿ

**Tiong-hīⁿ** (Latin-gí: *Auris media*) sī hīⁿ-á tùi hīⁿ-kó͘ kàu thèng-o-giû (pún-sin sio̍k loē-hīⁿ) goā kháu ê pō͘-hūn.

## Siong-koan
* Goā-hīⁿ
* Loē-hīⁿ
Kó͘-mo̍͘h

**Kó͘-mo̍͘h** (Latin-gí: *membrana tympani*), sī goā-hīⁿ kap tiong-hīⁿ chi kan sio-keh ê po̍h piah, kong-lêng sī kā khong-khì chìn-tōng (siaⁿ-im) thoân hō͘ thèng-sió-kut.
Tām-kang-chhī

**Tām-kang-chhī** (湛江市) sī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Chhek-khám-khu (赤坎區)
*Hâ-san-khu (霞山區)
*Pho-thâu-khu (坡頭區)
*Moâ-chiong-khu (麻章區)
*Liâm-kang-chhī (廉江市)
*Lûi-chiu-chhī (雷州市)
*Ngô͘-chhoan-chhī (吳川市)
*Sūi-khe-koān (遂溪縣)
*Chhî-bûn-koān (徐聞縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kńg-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Kang-mn̂g-chhī

**Kang-mn̂g-chhī** (江門市) sī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Phōng-kang-khu (蓬江區)
*Kang-hái-khu (江海區)
*Sin-hoē-khu (新會區)
*Tâi-san-chhī (台山市)
*Khai-pêng-chhī (開平市)
*Ho̍k-san-chhī (鶴山市)
*Un-pêng-chhī (恩平市)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kńg-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Hu̍t-san-chhī

**Hu̍t-san-chhī** (佛山市) sī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Siân-siâⁿ-khu (禪城區)
*Lâm-hái-khu (南海區)
*Sūn-tek-khu (順德區)
*Sam-súi-khu (三水區)
*Ko-bêng-khu (高明區)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kńg-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lāi-hīⁿ

**Lāi-hīⁿ** (Latin-gí: *auris interna*) sī hīⁿ ê loē-pō͘, hâm chhù-lí pêng-hêng-kám ê chêng-tiâⁿ-khì kap siu siaⁿ-im ê thèng-o-giû (*cochlea*).
Yun Chi-ho

**Yun Chi-ho** (**Ún Tì-hō**; , 1864 nî 12 goe̍h 24 ji̍t - 1945 nî 12 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Hân-kok ê to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng-ka, su-siúⁿ-ka. Mā sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok tē-4-jīm chóng-thóng Yun Bo-seon ê a-chek.
O-giû-khak

**O-giû-khak** (Tek-gí: *Hörschnecke*; Latin-gí: *Cochlea*), he̍k-chiá **thèng-o-giû**, sī lāi-hīⁿ ê chi̍t-ê kò͘-chō, sī thèng-kak ê siū-iông-khì. Hō chò "o-giû" sī in-ūi hêng-thé chin sêng.

## Chham-khó
Chêng-tiâⁿ hē-thóng

**Chêng-tiâⁿ hē-thóng** (Eng-gí: *vestibular system*), ia̍h sī kiò **chêng-tiâⁿ khì-koan** (*vestibular organ*), **pêⁿ-hêng-khì** (Tek-gí: *Gleichgewichtsorgan*), sī ti-kak hē-thóng chi it, î-chhî tùi hêng-tōng kap pêⁿ-hêng ê kám-kak. Chêng-tiâⁿ hē-thóng kò͘-chō-siōng kap î-chhî thèng-kak ê thèng-o-giû kiat chò-hoé, lóng sio̍k hīⁿ-á ê lāi-hīⁿ pō͘-hūn.

## Siong-koan
* Chêng-tiâⁿ
Kylie Minogue

**Kylie Ann Minogue** (), sī Australia ê koa-chhiú, koa-sû chok-ka kap ián-goân. I kò-jîn choan-chip ū *Light Years*, *Fever*, *Body Language*, *X* chham *Aphrodite*.

## Liân-kiat
* Kylie Minogue official website
Tē-hō-miâ ê bûn-ngá-hòa

**Tē-hō-miâ ê bûn-ngá-hoà** sī lâng hō tē-hō-miâ ê sî chi̍t khoán hong-sek. Tī Tang-iûⁿ ê bûn-hòa tiāⁿ ūi tio̍h kā tē-hō-miâ piàn khah bûn-ngá, siám-pī bô hó-thiaⁿ ê kâng-im iōng-gí, ia̍h sī kiám-chió tē-hō-miâ lāi-bīn bô si̍t-chè ì-sù ê im-chiat lâi kái miâ. 

Pí-lūn-kóng, bô ài Pak-kiaⁿ-oē tē-hō-miâ tang-tiong ê "er" (兒 IPA: [əɻ]); he̍k-chiá sī bô ēng3 Tâi-oân-oē ê "á", chhan-chhiūⁿ kā "Thô-á-hn̂g" (桃仔園) kái chò "Thô-hn̂g" (桃園).

Mā ū chi̍t khoán sī koaⁿ-hú kā tē-miâ ê chi̍t kóa Hàn-jī thè-oāⁿ chò pa̍t jī, kái-piàn chiàu kò-pia̍t Hàn-jī ké-soeh ê ì-sù, pí-lūn kā "Táⁿ-káu" (打狗) kái "Táⁿ-kó͘" (打鼓). Tī Tāi-oân, ū chi̍t lūi tē-hō-miâ sī ēng Ji̍t-pún-oē tùi Tâi-gí téng kî-tha chāi-tē giân-gí ê ho͘-im lâi siat-kè Ji̍t-pún Hàn-jī ê kì-siá, pí-lūn kā "Táⁿ-káu" (打狗) kái "Taka-o" (高雄).

## Chù-kái

Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Lūi-pia̍t:Tē-hō-miâ
Jack Nicholson

**John Joseph Nicholson** (1937 nî 4 goe̍h 22 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ián-goân, kàm-tok, chē-chok, kiam chok-ka. I pat tit koè nn̄g-ê Oscar Siāng Jió-to Ián-goân Sióng; lēng-goā mā pat tit tio̍h 7 kái Golden Globe Chióng. 

I khah-chá tiāⁿ poaⁿ "sîn-keng-pēⁿ" khoán ê kak-sek. Ián koè ê tiān-iáⁿ hâm *Easy Rider*, *Chinatown*, *One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest*, *Reds*, *Batman*, *A Few Good Men*, *About Schmidt* téng-téng.
Thûi-kut

**Thûi-kut** (Latin-gí: *malleus*) sī tiong-hīⁿ chi̍t tè kut-thâu, sī thèng-sió-kut chi it, kiat tī kó͘-mo̍͘h kap tiam-kut tiong-ng.

Kiò "thûi-kut" sī in-ūi hêng-thé sêng kòng-thûi.
Tiam-kut

**Tiam-kut** (Latin-gí: *incus*) sī tiong-hīⁿ chi̍t tè kut-thâu, sī saⁿ tè thèng-sió-kut chi it, kiat tī lēng-goā nn̄g tè kut thûi-kut kap tèng-kut tiong-ng.

Kiò "tiam-kut" sī in-ūi hêng-thé sêng thih-tiam.
Tèng-kut

**Tèng-kut** (Latin-gí: *stapes*) sī tiong-hīⁿ chi̍t tè kut-thâu, sī saⁿ tè thèng-sió-kut tiong siāng oá lāi-té-pêng ê chi̍t tè, chìn-chêng nn̄g tè sī thûi-kut kap tiam-kut.

Kiò "tèng-kut" sī in-ūi hêng-thé sêng bé-tèng.
Indra Nooyi

**Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi** (1955 nî 10 goe̍h 28 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Ìn-tō͘ chhut-sin ê Bí-kok seng-lí-lâng, i sī PepsiCo kong-si ê chú-sek kiam chhoā-thâu chip-hêng tiúⁿ (*chief executive officer*).
Orlando Bloom

**Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom** (1977 nî 1 goe̍h 13 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Eng-lân ián-goân, pat tī *The Lord of the Rings* chhut-ián, lēng-goā mā ián koè *Pirates of the Caribbean* téng tiān-iáⁿ.
Thèng-sió-kut

**Thèng-sió-kut** (Latin-gí: *Ossicula auditus*; Tek-gí: *Gehörknöchelchen*), sī hî-lūi í-goā chek-chui tōng-bu̍t tī hīⁿ ê tiong-hīⁿ pō͘-ūi ê saⁿ tè sió kut-thâu, kong-lêng sī kā siaⁿ-im ê chìn-tōng thoân ji̍p lāi-hīⁿ.
Ông Soat-hông

**Ông Soat-hông** (王雪紅, 1958 nî 9 goe̍h 14 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Tâi-oân ê seng-lí-lâng, i sī tiān-chú kong-si VIA kiam HTC ê chhòng-gia̍p-chiá kiam chú-sek. I sī 2011 nî *Forbes* pâi-miâ tiong Tâi-oân siāng hó-gia̍h ê lâng.

I ê lāu-pē sī Ông Éng-khèng, Tâi-oân Sok-ka Kang-gia̍p kong-si ê chhòng-kiān-chiá.
Teletubbies

***Teletubbies*** sī BBC ê tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k, choân-bûn pian hō ji̍p-ha̍k chêng ê gín-á khoàn.

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p‎
Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-kok bûn-hòa
The Rescuers

***The Rescuers*** sī Bí-kok Walt Disney Chè-chok (Walt Disney Productions) kong-si 1977 nî chhut-phín ê tiān-iáⁿ, sī Disney chè-chok ê tē 23 chhut tōng-ōe tn̂g-phiⁿ tiān-iáⁿ (feature film). Chiap-soà sī The Rescuers Down Under.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-oē
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ
Lūi-pia̍t:Disney
Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure

***Charlotte ê Ti-tu-bāng 2: Wilbur ê Toā Mō͘-hiám*** (Eng-gí: *Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure*) sī 2003 nî Bí-kok ê tōng-ōe tiān-iáⁿ, 1973 nî *[[Charlotte's Web (1973 nî tiān-iáⁿ)|Charlotte's Web]]* ê chiap-soà.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-oē
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ
Nolay Piho

**Nolay Piho** (1960 nî chhut-sì), Hàn-miâ **Lîm Khèng-tâi** (林慶台), sī Tâi-oân ê Ki-tok-kàu Tiúⁿ-ló-hoē bo̍k-su kiam tiau-khek-ka. I sī Tayal-cho̍k ê lâng, tī 2011 nî ê tiān-iáⁿ *[[Seediq Bale]]* tiong poaⁿ Mona Rudao.
Mayaw Biho

**Mayaw Biho** (1969 nî chhut-sì) sī Tâi-oân ê kì-lio̍k-phìn chiok-chiá, sī Hoa-lian-koān chhut-sin ê Amis lâng, i tī 2011 nî chham-soán Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê li̍p-hoat úi-oân.
Istanda

**Istanda** sī Tâi-oân Bunun-cho̍k ê chi̍t-ê kaviaz (sī-cho̍k chi̍t khoán), chú-iàu sī Namasia kap Ko-hiông kî-tha tē-khu chhut-sin.

## Sió sī-cho̍k
Istanda tī kīn-tāi koh ū hoat-tián chhut *takis dahuan*, *takis husungan*, *takis cibanan*, *takis ciangan*, *takis talan*, *takis nabuan* téng sió sī-cho̍k (*kauman siduh*).

## Jîn-bu̍t lia̍t-toaⁿ
* Lamata Sing Sing
* Raho Ari
* Istanda Paingav
* Istanda Tanivu

## Siong-koan
* Takistaulan 
* Ispalakan 
* Palalavi

## Chham-chiàu
Tāi-sin Pah-hoè Kong-si

**Tāi-sin Pah-hoè Kong-si** (大新百貨公司) sī khah-chá Ko-hiông-chhī Iâm-tiâⁿ-po͘ ê chi̍t keng pah-hoè kong-si, 1953 nî sêng-li̍p, sī Tāi-thóng Chi̍p-thoân ê thâu-ke Ngô͘ Iāu-têng chhòng-li̍p ê thâu chi̍t keng pah-hoè-tiàm.

Tai-sin tī 1990 nî-tāi chiām-chiām kiám-sió kui-bô͘, tùi 2010 nî liáu-āu goân-choân thêng-gia̍p.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê pah-hòe kong-si
Charlotte's Web

***Charlotte ê Ti-tu-bāng*** (Eng-gí: **) sī E. B. White ê chheh.

## Siong-koan
* Charlotte's Web (1973 nî tiān-iáⁿ)
* Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure
* Charlotte's Web (2006 nî tiān-iáⁿ)

Lūi-pia̍t:Chheh
Virginia Apgar

**Virginia Apgar** (1909 nî 6 goe̍h 7 ji̍t - 1974 nî 8 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê sió-jî bâ-chùi-kho i-seng. I sī bâ-chùi-ha̍k, kî-hêng-ha̍k (*teratology*), kap sin-seng-jî-ha̍k ê léng-tō-sèng ián-kiù-chiá.
Charlotte's Web (1973 nî tiān-iáⁿ)

***Charlotte ê Ti-tu-bāng*** (Eng-gí: **) sī Bí-kok Hanna-Barbera Productions kap Sagittarius Productions kong-si 1973 nî chhut-phín ê tōng-ōe tn̂g-phiⁿ tiān-iáⁿ (feature film). Chiap-soà sī *[[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure]]*.

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-oē
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ
Charlotte's Web (2006 nî tiān-iáⁿ)

***Charlotte ê Ti-tu-bāng*** (Eng-gí: **) sī 2006 nî tiān-iáⁿ.

## Chham-khó

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ
Diane Arbus

縮圖|Diane Arbus
**Diane Arbus** (1923 nî 3 goe̍h 14 ji̍t - 1971 nî 7 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê lia̍p-iáⁿ-su kiam chok-ka.

## Chham-khó
* ''Diane Arbus'', 300 Women Who Changed the World, *Encyclopædia Britannica*
Ludwig Feuerbach

**Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach** (1804 nî 7 goe̍h 28 - 1872 nî 9 goe̍h 13) sī Tek-kok ê tiat-ha̍k-ka.
Rafael Correa

右|無框
**Rafael Correa** (1963 nî 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Ecuador ê chèng-tī-ka, i tùi 2007 nî 1 goe̍h 15 ji̍t khai-sí chò hit-kok ê chóng-thóng.
Francis Fukuyama

**Francis Fukuyama** (1952 nî 10 goe̍h 27 chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê chèng-tī-ha̍k-ka. I chú-tiuⁿ kóng jîn-lūi siā-hoē ê hoat-tián sī hiòng chū-iû bîn-chú chè-tō͘ chò chiong-tiám. I ê tāi-piáu-chok sī Le̍k-sú ê Chiong-kiat kap Choè-āu ê Lâng (*The End of History and the Last Man*).
Pit-khī

**Pit-khī** sī khī ê chi̍t chióng phín-chéng. Ē hō chò pit-khī sī in-ūi i ê goā-hêng chhin-chhiūⁿ mô͘-pit ê pit-thâu. 

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Chū-iû bîn-chú

**Chū-iû bîn-chú** (Eng-gí: *liberal democracy*) sī chi̍t khoán chèng-tī chè-tō͘ kiam lí-sióng, hâm kong-pêng chū-iû ê soán-kí, kap kēng-cheng-sèng ê chèng-tī têng-sū téng ki-pún te̍k-sek, it-poaⁿ sī ēng to-tóng-chè ê hêng-sek chûn-chāi. Si-hêng chū-iû bîn-chú ê kok-ka tiāⁿ hong chheng chò sī bîn-chú kok-ka.
Samuel P. Huntington

**Samuel Phillips Huntington** (1927 nî 4 goe̍h 18 ji̍t - 2008 nî 12 goe̍h 24 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê chèng-tī-ha̍k-ka. I tùi tong-tāi kok-chè chêng-sek thê-chhut liáu Bûn-bêng Chhiong-thu̍t ê kài-liâm.
Tâi-oân ê Hiong Tìn Chhī Khu lia̍t-toaⁿ

**Hiong Tìn Chhī Khu** sī sio̍k Ti̍t-hat-chhī, Séng-hat-chhī kap Koān koán-lí ê hêng-chèng-khu tang-ūi.

Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Tâi-oân hiān-sî ū 170 ê khu, 14 ê Koān-hat-chhī, 38 ê Tìn, 146 ê Hiong.

## Tâi-oân lâm-pō͘

## Tâi-oân pak-pō͘

## Tâi-oân tang-pō͘

## Tâi-oân tiong-pō͘

## Kim-mn̂g Má-chó͘
Chhiah-bé-tai

**Chhiah-bé-tai** (; ha̍k-miâ:*Trimeresurus stejnegeri*) sī to̍k-choâ ê chi̍t chióng.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Kok-chè Tōng-bu̍t Hok-lī Ki-kim-hoē

**Kok-chè Tōng-bu̍t Hok-lī Ki-kim-hoē** (IFAW; International Fund for Animal Welfare) sī chit-má sè-kài-siōng siōng-toā ê chi̍t ê tōng-bu̍t hok-lī, pó-io̍k, chû-siān cho͘-chit.

Chit-ê cho͘-chit ê bo̍k-piau sī "kái-siān choân-sè-kài iá-seng kah chhī-ióng tōng-bu̍t ê hok-lī, kiám-chió tōng-bu̍t ê siong-gia̍p ián-chhut koh pó-hō͘ iá-seng tōng-bu̍t seng-oa̍h khoân-kéng, kái-kiù tōng-bu̍t ê thòng-khó͘.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
IFAW ê bāng-chām
Martin Heidegger

**Martin Heidegger** (1889 nî 9 goe̍h 26 - 1876 nî 5 goe̍h 26) sī Tek-kok tiat-ha̍k-ka, chûn-chāi-chú-gī, hiān-siōng-ha̍k (*phenomenology*) ê su-sióng-chiá.
Karl von Frisch

**Karl Ritter von Frisch** () sī Ò-tē-lī ê tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka, tōng-bu̍t hêng-ûi gián-kiù ê khai-chhòng-chiá chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Tiâu-bé

**Tiâu-bé** (朝馬) sī Tâi-oân Tâi-tiong-chhī ê chi̍t ê só͘-chāi, sī Tâi-tiong kau-thong choán-ūn ê tiong-sim.
Choân-hi-lia̍p Siā-hoē-chú-gī Ūn-tōng

**Choân-hi-lia̍p Siā-hoē-chú-gī Ūn-tōng** (Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα, ΠΑΣΟΚ/PASOK) sī Hi-lia̍p ê chú-iāu chèng-tóng chi it, mā sī in kok-hoē tē-it toā tóng-phài.

Chú-sek sī George Papandreou (2004 nî kàu taⁿ), i mā kiam Hi-lia̍p chóng-lí kap Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kok-chè ê chú-sek.
Josiah Willard Gibbs

**Josiah Willard Gibbs** (1839 nî 2 goe̍h 11 - 1903 nî 4 goe̍h 28) sī Bí-kok ê bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka, hoà-ha̍k-ka, sò͘-ha̍k-ka. I kiàn-li̍p liáu chin chē jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k (*thermodynamics*) kài-liām.
Yale Tāi-ha̍k

**Yale Tāi-ha̍k** (*Yale University*) sī Bí-kok ê su-li̍p tāi-ha̍k, siat tī Connecticut ê New Haven, 1701 nî khí-chō, sī thong sè-kài siāng jió-to ê tāi-ha̍k chi it.
Mark Zuckerberg

**Mark Elliot Zuckerberg** () sī Bí-kok ê tiān-náu pian-têng-chiá (*programmer*), khì-gia̍p-ka. I sī bāng-lō͘ ho̍k-bū Facebook bāng-chām ê chhòng-kiàn-chiá kiam thâu-ke.
Donna Haraway

**Donna J. Haraway** (1944 nî 9 goe̍h 6 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê tiat-ha̍k-ka, lú-sèng-chú-gī-chiá. I hèng-chhù seng-bu̍t-ha̍k chham kho-ha̍k ki-su̍t siong-koan ê bûn-hoà būn-tê.
John von Neumann

**John von Neumann** (1903 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t - 1957 nî 2 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Hông-gâ-lī chhut-sin ê bí-kok sò͘-ha̍k-ka. I tùi bu̍t-lí, keng-chè, tiān-náu, thóng-kè lóng ū gián-kiù.
David Hume

**David Hume** (1711 nî 5 goe̍h 7 ji̍t - 1776 nî 8 goe̍h 25 ji̍t) sī Scot-lân ê tiat-ha̍k-a, le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka, keng-chè-ha̍k-ka. I ê su-sióng ū keng-giām-chú-gī, chū-jiân-chú-gī ê te̍k-sek.

Lūi-pia̍t:So͘-kat-lân jîn-bu̍t
Francis Bacon

**Francis Bacon** (1561 nî 1 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1626 nî 4 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Eng-lân ê tiat-ha̍k-ka, chèng-tī-ka. I sī kho-ha̍k hong-hoat ê khí-chō-chiá.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
Jeremy Bentham

**Jeremy Bentham** (1748 nî 2 goe̍h 15 ji̍t - 1832 nî 6 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Eng-lân ê tiat-ha̍k-ka. I sī kong-lī-chú-gī, chū-iû-chú-gī ê su-sióng-chiá.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân jîn-bu̍t
Arthur Schopenhauer

**Arthur Schopenhauer** (1788 nî 2 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1860 nî 9 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê tiat-ha̍k-ka. I ê su-sióng siok koan-liām-lūn (*idealism*).

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* 
* 
* 
* 
* *[https://iep.utm.edu/schopenh/ Arthur Schopenhauer]* an article by Mary Troxell in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2011
* Schopenhauersource: Reproductions of Schopenhauer's manuscripts
* Kant's philosophy as rectified by Schopenhauer
* Timeline of German Philosophers
* A Quick Introduction to Schopenhauer
* Ross, Kelley L., 1998, "Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860)." Two short essays, on Schopenhauer's life and work, and on his dim view of academia.
Donatien Alphonse François de Sade

**Donatien Alphonse François de Sade** (1740 nî 6 goe̍h 2 ji̍t - 1814 nî 12 goe̍h 2 ji̍t), he̍k-chiá kóng **Sade Hâu-chiok** (*marquis de Sade* ia̍h *comte de Sade*), sī Hoat-kok ê bûn-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka. I tùi sek-chêng (*érotisme*) tāi-chì ê su-sióng kap oa̍h-tāng chin ū-miâ.
Khan-chhiú

**Khan-chhiú** tiō sī chhiú khan chhiú. Chò bêng-sû ē ì-sù sī ang tùi bó͘ ê chi̍t-chióng chheng-ho͘.
Ludwig Wittgenstein

**Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein** (1889 nî 4 goe̍h 26 ji̍t - 1951 nî 4 goe̍h 29 ji̍t) sī Ò-tē-lī ê tiat-ha̍k-ka. I tùi gí-giân tiat-ha̍k ê gián-kiù chin chhut-thâu; mā sī 20 sè-kí ê tiōng-iàu su-siong-ka.

## Siong-koan
* Giân-gú-te̍k tńg-oat
Tōa Siau-tiâu

**Tōa Siau-tiâu** (Eng-gí: *Great Depression*) sī 1929 nî kàu 1933 nî tiong-kan, Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn chìn-chêng, ê chi̍t pái sè-kài-sèng ê keng-chè tōa soe-thè. Tōa Siau-tiâu tī bô-kāng kok-ka ū bô-kāng ê khai-sí sî-kan, tōa-pòaⁿ lóng tī 1930 nî khai-sí, liân-sòa siau-tiâu kàu 1930 nî-tāi bóe-kî, ū--ê sīm-chì kàu 1940 nî-tāi bóe-kî. Tōa Siau-tiâu sī 20 sè-kí liân-sòa sî-kan siāng-tn̂g, éng-hióng siāng-tōa, kiông-tō͘ siāng-koân ê chi̍t pái keng-chè soe-thè.

Tī 21 sè-kí, Tōa Siau-tiâu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī khòaⁿ chò sī sè-kài keng-chè soe-thè ê tāi-piáu. Tōa Siau-tiâu ùi Bí-kok khai-sí, ùi 1929 nî 10 goe̍h 24 hō ê kó͘-chhī lo̍h-kè khai-sí, pēng éng-hióng liáu choân sè-kài. Tōa Siau-tiâu tùi sian-chìn-kok kap khai-hoat-tô͘-siōng-kok lóng chhōa lâi liáu húi-bia̍t-sèng ê táⁿ-kek. Jîn-kin siu-ji̍p, sòe-siu, êng-lī kap sè-siàu choân-bīn lo̍h-kè, kok-chè bō͘-e̍k jōe-kiám 50%, Bí-kok ê si̍t-gia̍p-lu̍t thê-seng chì 25%, ū--ê kok-ka sīm-chì kàu 33%.
Gustav Mahler

**Gustav Mahler** (1860 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t - 1911 nî 5 goe̍h 18 ji̍t) sī Lōng-bān-phài āu-kî ê Ò-tē-lī chok-khek-ka kiam chí-hui-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-tē-lī chok-khek-ka
Talcott Parsons

**Talcott Parsons** (1902 nî 12 goe̍h 13 ji̍t - 1979 nî 5 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:1902 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:1979 nî kòe-sin
Max Horkheimer

**Max Horkheimer** (1895 nî 2 goe̍h 14 ji̍t - 1973 nî 7 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê siā-hoē-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka. I sī phoe-phoàⁿ lí-lūn sū-sióng-chiá, Frankfurt Ha̍k-phài ê sêng-goân.
Walter Benjamin

**Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin** (1892 nî 7 goe̍h 15 ji̍t - 1940 nî 9 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê su-sióng-ka, i kap bûn-ha̍k pêng-lūn, siā-hoē-ha̍k, tiat-ha̍k, hoan-e̍k téng léng-he̍k lóng ū kau-chhap.
Cate Blanchett

thumb|Cate Blanchett, 2020

**Cate Blanchett** () sī Australia ê ián-goân. I pat ián koè *Elizabeth*, *The Lord of the Rings*, *Curious Case of Benjamin Button* téng tiān-iáⁿ, ū tit koè BAFTA, Golden Globe, kap Academy chióng.

## Liân-kiat

*
Kathy Bates

**Kathy Bates** (1948 nî 6 goe̍h 28 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê ián-goân kiam tō-ián. I ê chhut-miâ chok sī 1990 nî ê *Misery*, hō͘ i tit tio̍h Academy kap Golden Globe chióng. Āu lâi koh ū ián *Fried Green Tomatoes*, *Titanic*, *About Schmidt* téng-téng.

## Chhut-sin
Bates sī Tennessee ê Memphis chhut-sì--ê.
John Stuart Mill

**John Stuart Mill** (1806 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t - 1873 nî 5 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Eng-kok ê tiat-ha̍k-ka, keng-chè-ha̍k-ka. I tùi siā-hoē, chèng-tī, keng-chè lóng ū gián-kiù. I mā sī kó͘-tián chū-iû-chú-gī, hāu-ek-chú-gī ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t. *Stanford Tiat-ha̍k Pah-kho-choân-su* o-ló kóng i sī 19 sè-kí éng-hióng-la̍t siōng tōa ê Eng-gí tiat-ha̍k-ka.

## Toān-kì
1806 nî 5 goe̍h 20, John Stuart Mill tī Eng-kok Pentonville chhut-sì. I sī lāu-pē James Mill kap lāu-bú Harriet Murrow ê tōa-kiáⁿ. James Mill sī hāu-ek-chú-gī ê chi-chhî-chiá, mā sī Jeremy Bentham ê pêng-iú. James chiáⁿ kut-la̍t teh kà-sī in ê gín-á. J. S. Mill chū 3 hòe khai-sí o̍h Hi-lia̍p-gí, 10 hòe tio̍h bat La-teng-gí bat chin chhim. 14 hòe ê sî-chū, J. S. Mill khí Hoat-kok ê Montpellier ê tāi-ha̍k o̍h hòa-ha̍k, tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k, lô-chi̍p-ha̍k, koh-ū sò͘-ha̍k. I tī Paris se̍k-sāi chiok chē Chiu-iû Henri Saint-Simon.

1823 nî khai-sí, J. S. Mill khai-sí tī Eng-kok Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si chia̍h-thâu-lō͘, seng-koaⁿ seng chiok kín.

## Su-sióng

### Chū-iû lí-lūn
J. S. Mill ū siá chi̍t pún chheh, kiò-chò *[[Lūn Chū-iû]]* (1856). I tī chheh lāi-té thê-chhut kúi-lō ê chū-iû goân-chek. Chi̍t ê goân-chek sī kóng,  “jîn-lūi (bô-lūn sī chi̍t ê lâng ia̍h-sī chi̍t tīn lâng) kan-na ē-tàng kō͘ ‘chi̍t chióng bo̍k-te̍k’ lâi kan-sia̍p pa̍t-lâng ê hêng-tōng chū-iû, hit-ê bo̍k-te̍k tiō sī ‘chū-pó’ ().” I koh kóng, “chiū bûn-bêng siā-hōe ê jīm-hô sêng-oân lâi-kóng, lán kan-na ū ‘chi̍t chióng bo̍k-te̍k’ ē-tàng lâi ûi-ge̍k i ê ì-chì, tùi i hêng-sú ha̍p-hoat ê khoân-le̍k; hit-ê bo̍k-te̍k tiō-sī hông-chí i siong-hāi pa̍t-lâng.”

### Hāu-ek-chú-gī

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Epikouros

**Epikouros** (Ἐπίκουρος, chêng 341 nî - chêng 270 nî), Latin siá-hoat **Epicurus**, sī kó͘-tāi Hi-lia̍p ê tiat-ha̍k-ka, khoài-lo̍k-chú-gī (*hedonism*) ê su-sióng-chiá.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kó͘-tāi Hi-lia̍p ê jîn-bu̍t
Claude Henri de Rouvroy de Saint-Simon

**Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon** (1760 nî 10 goe̍h 17 - 1825 nî 5 goe̍h 19) sī Hoat-kok ê keng-chè-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka. I ê su-sióng tùi āu-sè ê chū-iû-chú-gī, siā-hoē-chú-gī, kok ū siā-hoē-ha̍k gián-kiù ê si̍t-chèng-chú-gī lóng ū éng-hióng.
Yamaha

**Yamaha** (ヤマハ, gí-goân sī 山葉), choân miâ **Yamaha [[Tu-sek Hoē-siā]]** (ヤマハ株式会社), sī Ji̍t-pún ê kong-si, tùi chè-chō ga̍k-khì khai-sí, āu-lâi mā seng-sán o͘-to͘-bái téng ki-hâi mi̍h.
Henryk Szeryng

thumb|Henryk Szeryng (1964)
**Henryk Bolesław Szeryng** () sī Pho-lân ê bâi-ó-lín-ka

Lūi-pia̍t:Pho-lân jîn-bu̍t
Sonata

**Sonata** (Só͘-na-tha) sī se-iûⁿ kó͘-tián im-ga̍k ê chi̍t khoán hêng-sek, iōng ga̍k-khì tián-hiān. *Sonata* goân-chū Italia-gí kap Latin-gí ê *sonare*, ì-gī sī "hoat siaⁿ".
Antonio Vivaldi

**Antonio Lucio Vivaldi** (1678 nî 3 goe̍h 4 ji̍t - 1741 nî 7 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Italia ê baroque sî-kî chok-khek-ka, bo̍k-su kiam bâi-ó͘-lín-ka. I siāng chai-miâ ê chok-phín sī Sù-kùi (*Le quattro stagioni*).
Ah-chhùi-siù

**Ah-chhùi-siù**, ha̍k-miâ ***Ornithorhynchus anatinus***, sī seng-oa̍h tī Australia tang-pō͘ ê chi̍t khoán tōng-bu̍t, ū seⁿ chò sêng ah-á ê chhùi kap kha-pê. In sī sè-kài siōng hiān-chûn 4 chèng tang-khang-lūi (Monotremata) tōng-bu̍t chi it, sī seⁿ nn̄g ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t.
Jean-François Lyotard

thumb|Jean-François Lyotard

**Jean-François Lyotard** () sī Hoat-kok tiat-ha̍k-ka, āu-kiat-kò͘-chú-gī ê su-sióng-chiá.
HTC

**HTC** sī Tâi-oân ê chi̍t keng siau-hùi tiān-chú sán-phín kong-si, Hàn-bûn choân-miâ **Hông-ta̍t Kok-chè Tiān-chú Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si** (宏達國際電子股份有限公司), kán-chheng **Hông-ta̍t-tiān** (宏達電); chóng-pō͘ siat tī Sin-pak-chhī ê Sin-tiàm-khu. Tī 1997 nî sêng-li̍p, bo̍k-bīn í gián-hoat kap chè-chō hêng-tōng tiān-oē ûi chú-iàu gia̍p-bū.

HTC chi̍t-khai-sí í ODM kap tāi-kang seng-sán ûi chú-iàu gia̍p-bū, siat-kè pēng chè-chō chē chióng chong-tì, chhin-chhiūⁿ hêng-tōng tiān-ōe kap pêng-pán tiān-náu. HTC sī Open Handset Alliance ê chhòng-sí sêng-oân chi-it. HTC Dream tī chē-chē kok-ka iû T-Mobile ēng T-Mobile G1 ê miâ-hō lâi hêng-siau, sī chhī-bīn siōng tē-it ki ēng Android hē-thóng ūn-chok ê chhiú-ki-á. HTC lo̍h-bóe khai-sí HTC One hē-lia̍t téng ka-kī ê chhiú-ki-á sán-phín.
Arthur Rubinstein

**Arthur Rubinstein** (1887 nî 1 goe̍h 28 ji̍t - 1982 nî 12 goe̍h 20 ji̍t) sī Pho-lân chhut-sin ê kǹg-khîm-ka.
Cheng-sîn-hun-sek

**Cheng-sîn-hun-sek** (Eng-gí: *psychoanalysis*) sī chi̍t khoán sim-lí-ha̍k lí-lūn kap gián-kiù hong-hoat, sī tùi Sigmund Freud khái-sí hoat-tián.

## Siong-koan
* Hun-sek sim-lí-ha̍k

BAsti riedel BItch
Jacques Lacan

**Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan** (1901 nî 4 goe̍h 13 ji̍t - 1981 nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Hoat-kok ê cheng-sîn-pēⁿ-ha̍k-ka kiam cheng-sîn-hun-sek-ha̍k-ka.
André Breton

**André Breton** (1896 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t - 1966 nî 9 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Hoat-kok ê chok-ka, si-jîn. I sī Chhiau-hiān-si̍t-chú-gī ê chhòng-kiàn-chiá. I sī Chhaiu-hiān-si̍t-chú-gī Soan-giân (*Manifeste du surréalisme*) chú-iàu chok-chiá.
Tommaso d'Aquino

**Tommaso d'Aquino** (1225 nî - 1247 nî 3 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Italia ê sîn-hū, sîn-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka.

Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
Edmund Burke

**Edmund Burke** (1729 nî 1 goe̍h 12 ji̍t - 1797 nî 7 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) sī Ài-ní-lân ê chèng-tī-ka, chok-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka. I pat sī Tāi Britain Chiòng-gī-īⁿ (*House of Commons of Great Britain*) ê gī-goân, sio̍k Whig Tóng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân ê jîn-bu̍t
Chū-iû hòng-jīm

**Chū-iû hòng-jīm** (Hoat-gí: *laissez-faire*) sī chi̍t khoán keng-chè-ha̍k lí-sióng, jīn-ûi chèng-hú mài chhap-sū su-jîn ê seng-lí. Che kap chèng-hú chú-tó siong-gia̍p oa̍h-tāng ê tiōng-siong-chú-gī tò-péng.
Tiōng-siong-chú-gī

**Tiōng-siong-chú-gī** (Eng-gí: *mercantilism*) sī chi̍t khoán keng-chè-ha̍k siat-sióng, chú-tiuⁿ chèng-hú chú-tō bō͘-e̍k oa̍h-tāng. Chi̍t khoán chèng-chek chú-iàu sī tī 16 kàu 18 sè-kí ê Au-chiu hông si̍t-hêng. 

Tiong-siong-chú-gī āu-lâi siū Adam Smith ê keng-chè-ha̍k kiàn-li̍p kap chu-pún-chú-gī hoat-tián ê éng-hióng chiām-chiām sit-sè.

## Siong-koan
* Tiōng-lông-chú-gī
Paltoga

**Paltoga** (Lō͘-se-a-gí: ) sī chi̍t ê tī Lō͘-se-a Liân-pang Vologda Chiu Vytegorsky Koān ê chng-kha só͘-chāi (chng-thâu). Tī 2002 nî phó͘-cha ê sî-chūn, chit-ê só͘-chāi ū  ê lâng tòa.

## Chham-oa̍t
* Vologda Chiu ê chng-kha só͘-chāi lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Vologda Chiu ê chng-kha só͘-chāi
Moshchena

**Moshchena** (Ukraina-gí: ) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Volyn Chiu Kovel Koān ê chng-thâu (*[[selo]]*).

## Chham-oa̍t
*Ukraina ê chng-thâu

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Volyn Chiu ê chng-thâu
Tiōng-lông-chú-gī

**Tiōng-lông-chú-gī** (Eng-gí: *physiocracy*), he̍k-chiá kóng **tiōng-lông-ha̍k-phài**, **tiōng-lông-ha̍k-soat**, sī chi̍t thò keng-chè-ha̍k lí-sióng, jīn-ûi thó͘-tē kap lông-gia̍p sī kok-ka châi-hù ê chin-chiàⁿ lâi-oân. Tiōng-lông-chú-gī sī Hoat-kok hoat-tián chhùt-lâi ê su-sióng, tī 18 sè-kí Au-chiu liû-hêng, mā sī Adam Smith kiàn-li̍p hiān-tāi chèng-tī keng-chè-ha̍k chìn-chêng ê keng-chè-ha̍k chú-liû.

## Siong-koan
* Tiōng-siong-chú-gī
DuPont

**DuPont**, choân-miâ *E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company*, sī Bí-kok ê hoà-ha̍k kong-si, goân-sin sī Eleuthère Irénée du Pont tī 1802 nî kiàn-li̍p ê hoé-io̍h chhiúⁿ. 

DuPont tī 20 sè-kí sin khai-hoat chin chē hong phó͘-phiàn lī-ēng ê ha̍p-sêng châi-liāu, pí-lūn nylon, teflon téng-téng.

## Tsù-kái
Na̋i-lóng

**Na̋i-lóng** (Eng-gí: *nylon*) sī chi̍t lūi ha̍p-sêng ê chū-ha̍p-bu̍t, sī DuPont kong-si ê Wallace Carothers tī 1935 nî khai-hoat. Nylon tī hoà-ha̍k-siōng sī amide ê chu-ha̍p, sǹg polyamide ê chi̍t khoán.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ki-su̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Ko-hun-chú
Honoré de Balzac

**Honoré de Balzac** (1799 nî 5 goe̍h 20 - 1850 nî 8 goe̍h 18) sī Hoat-kok ê siáu-soat-ka kiam kio̍k-chok-ka.
Lauren Bacall

**Lauren Bacall** (1924 nî 9 goe̍h 16 chhut-sì), pún-miâ **Betty Joan Perske**, sī Bí-kok ián-goân.
The Supremes

**The Supremes** sī Bí-kok ê cha-bó͘ ián-chhiùⁿ thoân. In tī 1960, 70 nî-tāi chin chhut-thâu.
Tī Ka-pi-thiaⁿ

***Tī Ka-pi-thiaⁿ***, goân Hoat-gí tê-bo̍k ***Dans un café***, mā kiò ***L'Absinthe***, sī Hoat-kok oē-ka Edgar Degas tī 1875 nî chó͘-iū ê chok-phín, "absinthe" sī Hoat-gí, sī chi̍t khoán chiú ê miâ. Hiān-sî siu-chông tī Pa-lí ê bí-su̍t-koán Musée d'Orsay.

Chi̍t tiuⁿ oē-chok piáu-hiān hit-tang-chūn siā-hoē ê so͘-lî. Āu-lâi Émile Zola ēng siáu-soat *[[L'Assommoir]]* piáu-hiān koè-oē tiong só͘ tián-hiān ê siā-hoē seng-oa̍h.

## Chham-khó
* Edgar Degas ''In a Café'' , Musée d'Orsay

Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài
Interlingua

**Interlingua** sī chi̍t thò kok-chè hú-chō͘ gí-giân, sī 1937 nî kàu 1951 nî kî-kan khai-hoat. I chú-iàu ê ki-chó͘ sī Au-chiu gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
Ferdinand de Saussure

**Ferdinand de Saussure** (1857 nî 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t - 1913 nî 2 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Sūi-se ê giân-gí-ha̍k-ka, kiat-kò͘-chú-gī, hû-hō-ha̍k ê su-sióng-chiá. I sī 20 sè-kí chin che gí-giân kài-liām ê kiàn-li̍p-chiá.
Noam Chomsky

**Avram Noam Chomsky** (1928 nî 12 goe̍h 7 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê gí-giân-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka.
Chûn-chāi kap Sî-kan

**Chûn-chāi kap Sî-kan** (Tek-gí: *Sein und Zeit*) sī Tek-kok tiat-ha̍k-ka Martin Heidegger tī 1927 nî chhut-pán ê chok-phín, tùi 20 sè-kí tiat-ha̍k chin ū éng-hióng.
Apolinario Mabini

**Apolinario Mabini y Maranan** (1864 nî 7 goe̍h 23 ji̍t - 1903 nî 5 goe̍h 13 ji̍t) sī Hui-li̍p-pin ê chèng-tī tiat-ha̍k-ka kiam kek-bēng-ka. I sī Hui-li̍p-pin tī 1899 nî thâu piàn kiàn-li̍p kiōng-hô sî ê hiàn-chèng kè-oē-chiá, mā chò thâu chi̍t-ê chóng-lí.
Emilio Aguinaldo

**Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy** (1869 nî 3 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1964 nî 2 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Hui-li̍p-pin ê chiong-kun, chèng-tī-ka, kap to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng-chiá. I niá-chhoā Hui-li̍p-pin tùi-khòng Se-pan-gâ kap Bí-kok.

I tī 29 hoē chiâⁿ chò Hui-li̍p-pin chóng-thóng, sī thâu chi̍t-ê, mā sī siāng siáu-liân, koh siāng tn̂g-hoè-siū ê Hui-li̍p-pin chóng-thóng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-li̍p-pin Chóng-thóng
Christian de Duve

**Christian de Duve** () sī Eng-kok chhut-sì ê Pe̍k-ní-gī seng-hoà-ha̍k-ka, sè-pau-ha̍k-ka. I tī 1974 nî in-ūi tùi sè-pau-khì ê ián-kiù tit tio̍h Nobel Chióng. Tû-liáu ián-kiù, i mā hèng-chhù tùi seng-hoà kap se-pau ê têng-bīn hiòng tāi-chiòng ké-soeh sèⁿ-miā khí-goân kap ián-hoà ê ki-chè.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Pe̍k-ní-gī jîn-bu̍t
Bob Dylan

**Bob Dylan** (), pún-miâ **Robert Allen Zimmerman**, sī Bí-kok ê koa-chhiú. Tùi Bí-kok tong-tāi liû-hêng im-ga̍k chin ū éng-hióng. I tī 2016 nî tit-tio̍h Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng.

## Chok-phín
* *[[Bob Dylan (album)|Bob Dylan]]* (1962)
* *[[The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan]]* (1963)
* *[[The Times They Are a-Changin']]* (1964)
* *[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]* (1964)
* *[[Bringing It All Back Home]]* (1965)
* *[[Highway 61 Revisited]]* (1965)
* *[[Blonde on Blonde]]* (1966)
* *[[John Wesley Harding (album)|John Wesley Harding]]* (1967)
* *[[Nashville Skyline]]* (1969)
* *[[Self Portrait]]* (1970)
* *[[New Morning]]* (1970)
* *[[Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (album)|Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid]]* (1973)
* *Dylan* (1973)
* *Planet Waves* (1974)
* *Blood on the Tracks* (1975)
* *The Basement Tapes* (1975)
* *Desire* (1976)
* *Street-Legal* (1978)
* *Slow Train Coming* (1979)
* *Saved* (1980)
* *Shot of Love* (1981)
* *Infidels* (1983)
* *Empire Burlesque* (1985)
* *Knocked Out Loaded* (1986)
* *Down in the Groove* (1988)
* *Oh Mercy* (1989)
* *Under the Red Sky* (1990)
* *Good as I Been to You* (1992)
* *World Gone Wrong* (1993)
* *Time Out of Mind* (1997)
* *"Love and Theft"* (2001)
* *Modern Times* (2006)
* *Together Through Life* (2009)
* *Christmas in the Heart* (2009)
* *Tempest* (2012)
* *Shadows in the Night* (2015)
* *Fallen Angels* (2016)
* *Triplicate* (2017)
* *Rough and Rowdy Ways* (2020)
* *Shadow Kingdom* (2023)

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok koa-chhiú
Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Queer

**Queer** sī kóng tī sèng-sū hong-bīn chiàm chió-sò͘ ê lâng, pâu-hâm tông-sèng-loân, siang-sèng-loân, he̍k-chiá bô-ài jīn-tông í-siong lūi-pia̍t ê lâng, ia̍h sī bô-ài hun sèng-piat ê lâng téng-téng. Chit-ê sû pún-té sī "kî-koài" ê ì-sù, mā bat ēng-lâi kiò lâm tông-sèng-loân.

## Siong-koan
* Queer lí-lūn
* Queer gián-kiù

分類:LGBT iōng-gú
分類:Sèng-kheng-hiòng
Iûⁿ Lē-hoa

**Iûⁿ Lē-hoa** (楊麗花 1944 nî 10 goe̍h 26 chhut-sì), pún sèⁿ Lîm, sī Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Sió-khì-koan

**Sió-khì-koan** (Eng-gí: *organelle*), he̍k-chiá kóng **sè-pau khì-koan** (細胞器官), **sè-pau-khì** iā **pau-khì**, sī sè-pau lāi chìn-hêng te̍k-sû kong-lêng ê tan-goân, it-poaⁿ kap goā-kài ū mo̍͘h siō keh. Pí-lūn soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé, hio̍h-le̍k-thé tio̍h sī sè-pau-khì.
Ia̍p-le̍k-thé

**Ia̍p-le̍k-thé** (*chloroplast* 葉綠體) sī si̍t-bu̍t kap pō͘-hūn kî-tha seng-bu̍t sè-pau lāi chìn-hêng kng-ha̍p-sêng chok-iong ê pau-khì.
Hannah Arendt

**Hannah Arendt** (1906 nî 10 goe̍h 14 ji̍t - 1975 nî 12 goe̍h 4 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok chhut-sì ê chèng-tī tiat-ha̍k-ka. I sī Iû-thài-jîn, tī 1933 nî hong pek chhut Tek-kok. I tùi kek-koân-chú-gī thé-chè ê ián-kiù iû-kî chhut-miâ.

## Chham-khó
* Hannah Arendt, *The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*
Iûⁿ Chhian-ho̍h

**Iûⁿ Chhian-ho̍h** (楊千鶴 1921 nî 9 goe̍h 1 ji̍t - 2011 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t) sī Tâi-oân thâu chi̍t-ê pún-tē chhut-sin ê lú-sèng kì-chiá, āu-lâi chò chok-ka.
Ài-ní-lân Tōa-ki-hng

**Éire Tāi Ki-hng** (sio̍k-miâ **Má-lêng-chî Ki-hng**) sī 1845 nî kàu 1852 nî kî-kan só͘ hoat-seng ê toā kui-bô͘ ki-hng. Chō-sêng Éire jîn-kháu kián-chió 20% kàu 25%. Ū pa̍h-bān jîn-kháu sí-bông, āu-lâi koh chō-sêng tn̂g-kî ê jîn-kháu goā-liû.

Ki-hng ê goân-in chi it, sī hit tong-sî má-lêng-chî siū kám-jiám, sán-liōng toā kiám, chō-sêng sòng-hiōng-lâng bô mi̍h thang chia̍h.

Toā Ki-hng āu kàu taⁿ, Éire jîn-kháu iah bô kàu ki-hng chêng--ê gia̍h. Ki-hng mā sī Ài-ní-lân-gí koh khah soe-thè--ê goân-in.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ài-ní-lân ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Chai-lān
Kái-kiàn-kò͘

**Kái-kiàn-kò͘** (Eng-gí: *deconstruction*), he̍k-chiá **kái-kò͘**, sī Hoat-kok tiat-ha̍k-ka Jacques Derrida hoat-tián ê kài-liām, chú-iāu sī tùi lī-ēng tī tùi bûn-chiong ê lí-kái. Kái-kiàn-kò͘ su-sióng jīn-ûi iân-gí bô it-tēng ê ì-gī. In-ūi chit khoán su-sióng kì-choat bêng-khak ê tēng-gī, "kái-kiàn-kò͘" pún-sin mā bô choat-tùi ê ì-sù.

## Siong-koan
* Āu-kiat-kò͘-chú-gī
Tân Tiong-hô Bu̍t-sán Tu-sek Hoē-siā

**Tân Tiong-hô Bu̍t-sán Tu-sek Hoē-siā** (陳中和物產株式會社) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tī Ko-hiông ê lông-sán hoē-siā.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê hōe-siā
Luciano Pavarotti

**Luciano Pavarotti** (1935 nî 10 goe̍h 12 ji̍t - 2007 nî 9 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Italia ê koa-kio̍k lâm-ko-im. I hong chheng chò sī "3 toa lam-ko-im" chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
Charles Lyell

**Charles Lyell** (1797 nî 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t - 1875 nî 2 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Eng-kok ê tē-chit-ha̍k-ka. I sī tē-chit-ha̍k ê khí-chō-chiá.
Torbay

**Torbay** sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Eng-lân Devon ē-kha ê chi̍t ê koān (*district*).

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê koān
Lūi-pia̍t:Devon
Devon

**Devon** sī Eng-lân se-lâm-pō͘ poàⁿ-tó tē-khu ê chi̍t-ê kūn.


Devon-64-Tourist auf Dreirad im Regen-2004-gje.jpg|Devon
Devon-52-Schaf-2004-gje.jpg|Devon
Exeter-06-BB-2004-gje.jpg|Exeter
Exeter-Kathedrale-06-2004-gje.jpg|Exeter
Dartmoor-36-2004-gje.jpg|Dartmoor
Dartmoor-42-Tiere-2004-gje.jpg|Dartmoor
Buckland Abbey-02-2004-gje.jpg|Buckland Abbey
Buckland Abbey-10-Drechsler-2004-gje.jpg|Buckland Abbey


Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê kūn
Friedrich Wöhler

**Friedrich Wöhler** (1800 nî 7 goe̍h 31 ji̍t - 1882 nî 9 goe̍h 23 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok hoà-ha̍k-ka. I sī thâu chi̍t-ê ha̍p-sêng liō-sò͘ ê lâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tek-kok hòa-ha̍k-ka
Giovanni Battista Amici

**Giovanni Battista Amici** (1786 nî 3 goe̍h 25 ji̍t - 1863 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Italia ê thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka, kng-ha̍k-ka. I sī tiàu-kiàⁿ kiam hián-bî-kiàⁿ ê khai-hoat-chiá.

Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
Thomas Hunt Morgan

**Thomas Hunt Morgan** () sī Bí-kok ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka. I sī ûi-thoân-ha̍k ê tiōng-iāu khí-chō-chiá, i tùi chúi-kó-báng (*[[Drosophila melanogaster]]*) só͘ chò ûi-thoân ián-kiù sī hiān-tāi seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê keng-tiám si̍t-giām.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Bunun-gí

**Bunun-gí** sī Lâm-tó gí-giân tī Tâi-oân ê hūn-chi, Bunun-cho̍k thoân-thóng ê gí-giân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bunun
Jiō-sò͘

**Jiō-sò͘** (Eng-gí: *urea*), hoà-ha̍k-sek CO(NH2)2, sī tāi-siā koè-têng ê tiōng-iāu hoà-ha̍k-bu̍t.

Lūi-pia̍t:Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t
Xavier Bichat

**Marie François Xavier Bichat** (1771 nî 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t - 1802 nî 7 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Hoat-kok seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka, seng-lí-ha̍k-ka.
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

**Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling** (1775 nî 1 goe̍h 27 ji̍t - 1854 nî 8 goe̍h 20 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok tiat-ha̍k-ka, koan-liām-lūn ê su-sióng-chiá.
Koan-liām-lūn

**Koan-liām-lūn** (Eng-gí: *idealism*), mā tiāⁿ kóng **î-sim-lūn** (唯心論), sī chi̍t khoán tiat-ha̍k kài-liām, jīn-ûi sim-lêng he̍k-chiá jīn-tī koat-tēng hiān-si̍t ê pún-chit.

## Hàn-bûn ê hoan-e̍k
Tī Hàn-bûn, "idealism" tiāⁿ hoan chò sī "î-sim-lūn", m̄-koh "spiritualism" mā ū lâng kóng "î-sim-lūn". Lēng-goā, nā ēng tī chèng-tī, "idealism" koh kiò "lí-sióng-chú-gī", che kap tiat-hak kóng ê sī bô-kâng ê mi̍h.
Le̍k-sú bu̍t-chit-lūn

**Le̍k-sú bu̍t-chit-lūn**, he̍k-chiá **le̍k-sú î-bu̍t-lūn**, sī Karl Marx khai-chhòng ê le̍k-sú kiam siā-hoē ián-kiù kkoan-tiám. Tī le̍k-sú bu̍t-chit-lūn ē-té, seng-sán kap keng-chè oa̍h-tāng sī siā-hoē hoat-tián ê ki-chhó͘.

Lūi-pia̍t:Siā-hōe-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Keng-chè-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Le̍k-sú-ha̍k
Chhài-chhī-á

**Chhài-chhī-á** () ia̍h **pa-sat** (; ) sī seng-lí-lâng chek chò-hóe chò si̍t-phín (chú-iàu bē chheⁿ-chhài, chhiⁿ-hî kap chhiⁿ-bah) kiam ji̍t-iōng-phín sió-bē ê **[[chhī-tiûⁿ]]**.

## Siong-koan
* Kó-chhài chhī-tiûⁿ

Lūi-pia̍t:Siā-hōe
Lūi-pia̍t:Chhī-tiûⁿ
Hip-siòng

thumb|Hip-siōng
**Hip-siòng**, **hip-siōng**, he̍k-chiá **siá-chin**, ia̍h **lia̍p-iáⁿ**, sī lī-ēng tùi kng, ia̍h kî-tha sìn-hō (pí-lūn tiān-chú) ê kì-lio̍k lâi sán-seng iáⁿ-siōng ê koè-têng, sán-bu̍t kiò siòng-phìⁿ. Iáⁿ-phìⁿ ê ki-pún goân-lí un-ná sī liân-soà ê hip-siōng.
Siān

**Siān** (善), ia̍h **siān-liông**, sī tō-tek ia̍h lûn-lí siōng só͘ kó͘-lē ê tāi-chì. I ê tò-péng sī bái ia̍h ok.
Chû-iû bō͘-e̍k hia̍p-tēng

**Chû-iû bō͘-e̍k hia̍p-tēng** (自由貿易協定) sī kok-ka chi-kan tī kok-chè hoat ē-té só͘ chhiam-tēng, ūi tio̍h kái-tû siang-hong bō͘-e̍k chiòng-gāi ê hia̍p-tēng.
Kūn

**Kūn** (郡) sī chi̍t khoán hêng-chèng-khu tan-ūi, tī kó͘-chá Tiong-kok tio̍h ū sú-iōng.

## Hoan-e̍k
Eng-gí kok-ka ê "county", tī Hàn-bûn tiāⁿ hoan-e̍k chò "kūn".

## Siong-koan
* Koān
* Chiu
Berkshire

**Berkshire** sī Eng-lân lâm-pō͘ tē-khu ê chi̍t-ê kūn, oá tī London ê se-pêng. Berkshire sǹg sī tián-lé kūn (ceremonial county) chi it; lēng-gōa mā tiāⁿ hong chheng chò sī "Berkshire Ông-ka Kūn" (Royal County of Berkshire), in-ūi hia sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ông-sek ê ki-só͘ Windsor Siâⁿ-pó (Windsor Castle) ê só͘-chāi-tē.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê kūn
Herman Cain

**Herman Cain** () sī Bí-kok ê seng-lí-lâng, i tī 2011 nî chham-ka Kiōng-hô Tóng ê 2012 nî Bí-kok chóng-thóng hāu-soán-jîn chho͘-soán.
G20

**G20** sī thòng sè-kài 19 ê kok-ka, Au-chiu Liân-bêng kap Hui-chiu Liân-bêng ê châi-chèng siú-tiúⁿ, kap in tiong-iong gîn-hâng chóng-koán só͘ cho͘-sêng ê thoân-thé kiam ko-hong ho-gī.

Chia 20 ê chham-ú kok sī:
* Argentina
* Au-chiu Liân-bêng
* Australia
* Pa-se
* Canada
* Tiong-kok
* Hoat-kok
* Tek-kok
* Ìn-tō͘
* Ìn-nî
* Italia
* Ji̍t-pún
* Mexico
* Lō͘-se-a
* Saudi A-lá-pek
* Lâm-hui-kok
* Hân-kok
* Turkey
* Bí-kok
* Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok
Ian-tâng

**Ian-tâng**, ū-sî kiò **ian-tâng-kóng**, sī kā eng-ia kap chúi-ian he̍k-chiá sī chi̍t-kóa bô-thang-ēng ê khì-thé pâi khí tāi-khì ê kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t.
Choá-hî

**Choá-hî**, ia̍h **tò͘-hî**, ha̍k-miâ ***Lepisma saccharina***, sī chi̍t khoán khun-thiông.

## Chham-khó
Pû-á-thâng

**Pû-á-thâng** (hàn-jī: 匏仔蟲; ha̍k-miâ: *Coccinellidae*), mā hō-chò **chhàu-chhèⁿ-ku-á** (臭腥龜仔) ia̍h sī **chhàu-ku-á**, sī kah-thâng (Coleoptera) ê chi̍t kho. Hun-pò͘ tī thong sè-kài, lóng-chóng hūn chhiau-koè 6000 chéng. Pû-á-thâng sǹg sī sè-hêng khun-thiông, chhùn-chhio̍h it-poaⁿ tùi 1 mm kào 10 mm.

## Chham-khó
Châi-toà

**Châi-toà** ia̍h-sī kiò **ui-toà** sī chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t ū-sin sî, bó-thé kap the-jî keng-koè thai-poâⁿ chò êng-ióng-hun liû-thong ê thong-tō. Tī seng-sán liáu-āu, châi-toà ài chhiat tn̄g, hō͘ âng-êⁿ kap bó-thé hun-lî.
An-choân-toà

**An-choân-toà** sī chū-tōng-chhia, hui-lêng-ki téng chài-kū ê chē-ūi téng ēng-lâi kò͘-tēng jîn-goân ê ân-choân siat-pī.
William James

**William James** (1842 nî 1 goe̍h 11 - 1910 nî 8 goe̍h 26) sī Bí-kok ê sim-lí-ha̍k-ka, seng-lí-ha̍k-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka. I sī si̍t-iōng-chú-gī, hiān-siōng-ha̍k ê su-khó-chiá.
Ngô͘ Chheng-hong

**Ngô Chheng-hong** (吳青峰, 1982 nî 8 goe̍h 30 chhut-sì) sī Tâi-oân koa-chhiú, chok-sû. I sī thoân-thé Sodagreen ê chú-chhiùⁿ.

Lūi-pia̍t:1982 nî chhut-sì
Khó͘ Koàn-eng

**Khó͘ Koàn-eng** (許冠英 *Ricky Hui*, 1946 nî 8 goe̍h 3 ji̍t - 2011 nî 11 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Hiong-káng ián-goân, koa-chhiú. I tiāⁿ ián chhiò-khoe-chhut.
Noah Webster

**Noah Webster** (1758 nî 10 goe̍h 16 ji̍t - 1848 nî 5 goe̍h 28 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê kàu-io̍k-ka, chhut-pán-ka, jī-tián-ka. I sī Bí-kok-sek Eng-gí pheng-siá kái-kek ê chhòng-tō-chiá. Hiān-tāi ê Merriam-Webster jī-tián ê chêng-sin tio̍h sī i só͘ pian-siá.
Sû-tián

**Sû-tián** ia̍h **sû-su**, mā kóng **jī-tián**, **chū-tián**, khah phó͘-thong ê chi̍t khoán sī kā it-tēng sò͘-liōng ê tan-jī (Eng-gí: *word*, ū it-tēng ì-sù ê gí-giân tan-ūi) siu-chi̍p liáu-āu pian--chhut-lâi ê chheh. Tī sû-tián lāi, ki-pún ê loē-iông sī kái-soeh ì-sù, kài-siāu ho͘-im. Mā ū chi̍t lūi sû-tián sī ēng chi̍t khoán giân-gí lâi kái-soeh lēng-goā chi̍t khoán giân-gí, he̍k-chiá hō͘-siōng kái-soeh.

## Iōng-gí
"Jī-tián" ū-sî sī choan-bûn piáu-sī siu-chi̍p Hàn-jī, chò kò-piat kái-soeh ê Hàn-jī jī-tián; nā chiàu chit khoán ì-sù, "sû-tián" tī chia khah sī kái-soeh tan-jī ê chheh. Hàn-jī jī-tián tang-tiong, ū chi̍t khoán kiò to-im jī-tián (多音字典), in choan-bûn tiâu-lia̍t chi̍t-ê Hàn-jī ê kok-chióng tha̍k-im.

## Choan-bûn sû-tián
Ū chi̍t kóa sû-tián sī ūi tio̍h choan-bûn ê sû-gú sú-iōng lâi pian-siá, pau-koat:

* Kâng-gī-sû
* Ho͘-im
* Tē-miâ iah lâng-miâ
* Bûn-kù (pí-lūn sio̍k-gú) iah sêng-gú
* Chāi-tē khiuⁿ-kháu ê ēng-gí
* Bêng-giân
* Gí-goân

Lēng-gōa koh ū ūi choan-bûn chú-tê pí-lūn kho-ha̍k he̍k-chiá ki-su̍t téng-téng ha̍k-būn ēng-gí lâi pian-siá ê sû-tián, chi̍t khoán "sû-tián" ê keh-sek khah sêng pek-kho-choân-su, mā kiò chò pek-kho-sek sû-tián.

## Siong-koan
* Pek-kho-choân-su

*
Octave Mirbeau

**Octave Mirbeau** (1848 - 1917) sī Hoat-kok ê siáu-soat-ka kiam kio̍k-chok-ka.

## Siáu-soat

* *Le Calvaire* (1886)
* *L'Abbé Jules* (1888).
* *Sébastien Roch* (1890).
* *Le Jardin des supplices* (1899).
* *Le Journal d'une femme de chambre* (1900).
* *Les affaires sont les affaires* (1903).
* *Farces et moralités* (1904).
* *La 628-E8* (1907).
* *Le Foyer* (1908).
* *Dingo* (1913).
* *Combats esthétiques* (1993).
* *Combats littéraires* (2006).

## Goā-pō• liân-kiat

* Société Octave Mirbeau.
Eric Hobsbawm

**Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm** (1917 nî 6 goe̍h 9 ji̍t chhut-sì; 2012 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t kòe-sin) sī Eng-kok ê le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka.
Victoria (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)

**Victoria** () sī 1837 nî 6 goe̍h 20 kàu i koè-sin kî-kan ê Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok lú-ông. Lēng-goā, i tī 1876 nî koh ēng Ìn-tō͘ Lú-hông chò hâm-thâu.

I chāi-ūi ê sî-kî kiò chò Victoria sî-tāi.
Beatrice

**Beatrice Ông-lú** (*The Princess Beatrice*, 1857 nî 4 goe̍h 14 ji̍t - 1944 nî 10 goe̍h 26 ji̍t) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê ông-cho̍k, i sī lú-ông Victoria cha-bó͘ gín-á
Tāi Put-lia̍t-tian kap Ài-ní-lân Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok

**Tāi Put-lia̍t-tian kap Ài-ní-lân Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok** (大不列顚-愛蘭聯合王國, ) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok tī Ài-ní-lân Kiōng-hô-kok sêng-li̍p í-chêng ê kok-hō.

Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê le̍k-sú
Nguyễn Huệ

**Nguyễn Huệ** (阮惠, ) sī Oa̍t-lâm Tây Sơn Tiâu ê tē 2 tāi hông-tè, 1788 nî kàu 1792 nî chāi-ūi.
Ranitomeya summersi

***Ranitomeya summersi*** sī chi̍t lūi seng-oa̍h tī Peru Huallaga hô soaⁿ-kó͘ ê chúi-ke.

## Chhamm-kho
* Ranitomeya summersi, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011
Pak-hng àm-chhǹg

**Pak-hng àm-chhǹg** (Eng-gí: *Northern bluefin tuna*, "pak-hng nâ-kî chhǹg"), ha̍k-miâ ***Thunnus thynnus***, sī chit lūi chhńg-á-hî, seng-oa̍h tī Tāi-se-iûⁿ, tī 2011 nî hong lia̍t ji̍p siū-hûi-hiám bu̍t-chéng.

## Miâ
Tī Eng-gí, pak-hng àm-chhǹg sī "nâ-kî chhǹg" (bluefin tuna) sī chi̍t lūi, chóng-sī ū-ê gí-giân kiò nâ-kî chhǹg sī "âng chhǹg", pí-lūn Tek-gí ê "Roter Thun", Hoat-gí ê "thon rouge".

## Chham-khó
* ''Thunnus thynnus'', IUCN 2011.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chheng-kho
Hang-hî

**Hang-hî** (魴魚) sī chi̍t lūi nńg-kut-hî, hun tāi-iok 500 chéng. In ê hun-lūi koan-hē kap soa-hî sio-kīn, chú-iàu chha-piat sī in píⁿ-hêng ê sin-ku.

## Chham-khó
Kiâm-chúi kho̍k-hî

**Kiâm-chúi kho̍k-hî** (Eng-gí miâ: saltwater crocodile; ha̍k-miâ: *Crocodylus porosus*) sī thong sè-kài siāng hêng-thé siāng toā ê kho̍k-hî, mā sī hiān-chûn siāng toā ê pâ-thiông-lūi tōng-bu̍t. In seng-oa̍h tī Lâm-iûⁿ kap Ìn-tō͘ tang hái-hoāⁿ kiam Australia pak hái-hoāⁿ. In ū-sî mā ē tùi hái-liû lâu khi pia̍t-ūi..
Sai-gû

**Sai-gû**, latin miâ **Rhinocerotidae**, tī hun-lūi siōng chiâⁿ chi̍t kho. In sī chi̍t khoán khia-tê-lūi chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t. Sai-gû tiong hiān-chûn 2 chéng seng-oa̍h tī Hui-chiu; 3 chéng tī Lâm A-chiu.

*O͘-sai-gû
*Pe̍h -sai-gû
*Ìn-tō͘-sai-gû
*Jawa-sai-gû
*Sumatera-sai-gû
Kim-chîⁿ-ku

**Kim-chîⁿ-ku** sī sio̍k **Chamaeleonidae** chit kho ê pâ-thiông-lūi. In ê te̍k-sek chi it si ē-tàng kái-piàn sin-ku ê sek-tī.

Caméléon Madagascar 02.jpg|
Chamaeleo chamaeleon Frightened thus black.JPG|
Chamäleon2.jpg|
Chameleon India.jpg|


Lūi-pia̍t:Kim-chîⁿ-ku
1659 nî

## Liân-hō
* Tāi-bêng-kok: Éng-le̍k (永曆) 13 nî
* Tāi-chheng-kok: Sūn-tī (順治) 16 nî
* Ji̍t-pún (Edo sî-tāi): Bān-tī (萬治) 2 nî
* Tāi-oa̍t-kok (Oa̍t-lâm): 
** Cao Bằng hū-kīn (Mạc Tiâu): Sūn-tek (順德) 22 nî
** Pak-hng, lâm-hng (Lê Tiâu Tiong-heng, Nguyễn Chú): Éng-siū (永壽) 2 nî
* Lí Lâi-heng (李來亨): Éng-chhiong (永昌) 16 nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân
* Tāi-bêng-kok: Éng-le̍k Hông-tè (永曆皇帝) 13 nî
* Tāi-chheng-kok: Sè-chó͘ (世祖) 16 nî
*  Tiâu-sián-kok: Hàu-chong (孝宗) 10 nî
* Tāi-oa̍t-kok (Oa̍t-lâm): 
** Cao Bằng hū-kīn (Mạc Tiâu): Mạc Kính Vũ 22 nî
** Pak-hng (Lê Tiâu Tiong-heng): Sîn-chong (神宗) ho̍k-ūi 11 nî
** Lâm-hng (Nguyễn Chú): Chúa Hiền (主賢, "Hiân-chú") 11 nî
* Liû-kiû-kok: Siōng Chit Ông (尚質王) 12 nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ
* 11 goe̍h 14 ji̍t: Au-chiu hoat-seng Nyborg Chiàn-tò͘.
### Bô ji̍t-kî
## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

## Kòe-sin
* 9 goe̍h 30 ji̍t: Giovanni Pesaro, Venice Kiōng-hô-kok gōa-kau-koaⁿ. Venezia ê Doge. 1589 nî chhut-sì.
* 10 goe̍h 10 ji̍t: Abel Tasman, Hô-lân Kiōng-hô-kok thàm-hiám-ka. 1603 nî chhut-sì.
### Bô ji̍t-kî
* Kanthirava Narasaraja 1-sè, Mysore Ông-kok lâng. Mysore ê Maharaja. 
* Ramathipadi 1-sè, kok-ông. 1620 nî chhut-sì.

## Ji̍t-chì

## Chham-khó chu-liāu