open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu

**[[Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok]] ê tē-hng hêng-chèng-khu** lóng-chóng 4 ê chân-kip, chū koân kàu kē hun-pia̍t sī séng-kip hêng-chèng-khu, tē-kip hêng-chèng-khu, koān-kip hêng-chèng-khu, hiong-kip hêng-chèng-khu. Kî-tiong sio̍k séng-kip hêng-chèng-khu ·ê ū 34 ê, pau-hâm 4 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī, 23 ê séng, 5 ê chū-ti-khu kap 2 ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu.

## Séng-kip hêng-chèng-khu

### Séng

### Chū-ti-khu

### Ti̍t-hat-chhī

### Te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
* ISO 3166-2:CN

## Pī-chù
Bú-hàn-chhī

**Bú-hàn-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 武漢市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Wǔhàn Shì) sī Tiong-kok Ô͘-pak-séng ê séng-to͘ kap jîn-kháu siāng-chē ê siâⁿ-chhī. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2007 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 970 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Bú-hàn-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 13 khu.

*Kang-gān-khu (江岸區)
*Kang-hàn-khu (江漢區)
*Kiâu-kháu-khu (礄口區)
*Hàn-iông-khu (漢陽區)
*Bú-chhiong-khu (武昌區)
*Chheng-san-khu (青山區)
*Hông-san-khu (洪山區)
*Tang-sai-ô͘-khu (東西湖區)
*Hàn-lâm-khu (漢南區)
*Chhài-tiān-khu (蔡甸區)
*Kang-hā-khu (江夏區)
*Hông-phi-khu (黃陂區)
*Sin-chiu-khu (新洲區)

Lūi-pia̍t:Ô͘-pak-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī

**Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī** sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê chi̍t chióng tē-hng hêng-chéng-khu. Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī mā sī tē-kip-chhī, m̄-ku ū khah toā ê hêng-chèng chū-chú-koân. I ê chhī-tiúⁿ kap hù-séng-tiúⁿ pêⁿ toā, só͘-í hō chò hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī.

## Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī lia̍t-toaⁿ
Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ū 15 ê hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī.
Gîn-chhoan-chhī

**Gîn-chhoan-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 銀川市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Yínchuān Shì) sī Tiong-kok Lêng-hā Hoê-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam chū-tī-khu siú-hú.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Kim-hōng-khu (金鳳區)
*Heng-khèng-khu (興慶區)
*Se-hā-khu (西夏區)
*Lêng-bú-chhī (靈武市)
*Éng-lêng-koān (永寧縣)
*Hō-lân-koān (賀蘭縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Lêng-hā Hôe-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông

**Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông** (張七郎; 1888 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t - 1947 nî 4 goe̍h 4) Chè-hiàn Kok-tāi, Hoa-liân-koān Chham-gì-hoē gī-tiúⁿ. I kap nn̄g ê hau-siⁿ, Hōng-lîm Chho͘-tiong Hāu-tiúⁿ Tiuⁿ Chong-jîn (張宗仁), i-sing Tiuⁿ Kó-jîn (張果仁), bô iân-kò͘ hông lia̍h--khí, poàⁿ-mî teh bōng-á-po͘ piⁿ hông chhìⁿ-sat.

Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông 1888 nî 12 goe̍h 16 ji̍t tī Sin-tek-chiu Iûⁿ-muîⁿ chhut-sì, in-uì pâi tē chhit-ē chhiah kiò Chhit-lông. 1915 nî tuì Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú I-ha̍k-hāu chhut-gia̍p. 1921 nî poaⁿ kàu Hoa-liân Hōng-lîm khui Jîn-siū Pīⁿ-īⁿ (仁壽病院).

Chiong-chiàn liáu-āu, Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông chin hoan-gêng Chó͘-kok lâi Tâi-oân. 1946 nî tòng-soán Hoa-liân-koān Chham-gī-goân koh tòng-soán gī-tiúⁿ, kâng nî mā tòng-soán Chè-hiàn Kok-tāi. 

Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu i bô tan-jīm jīm-hô ê jīm-bū, in-uī i tú chiah àn Tiong-kok chham-ka Chè-hiàn Hōe-gī tńg--lâi, lóng tī-teh phoà-pīⁿ tó teh bîn-chhn̂g. 1947 nî 4 goe̍h chhe 4 àm-sî, i kap 3 ê kiáⁿ khì hō͘ Kok-bîn-tóng lia̍h--khì, hit-àm i kap nn̄g ê hāu-siⁿ, Tiuⁿ Chong-lîn (張宗仁), Tiuⁿ Kó-lîn (張果仁), teh bōng-á-po͘ piⁿ hōng chhèng-sat. I tē jī kiáⁿ Tiuⁿ I-lîn (張依仁) in-uī ū khì Tiong-kok tang-pak pīⁿ-īⁿ ho̍k-bū ê sî bat khì hō͘ Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k o-ló chiah bô tāi-chì.

Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông pē-kiáⁿ siū-hāi ê īn-sò͘, in bó͘ Chiam Kim-ki (詹金枝) ioh: 
# Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông tī Hoa-liân-koān chham-gī-hoē tuì koān ê ī-sǹg ū ì-kiàn.
# Tùi koā̄n-chèng kap Hōng-lîm Chho͘-tiong ū ì-kiàn.
# Jī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu chò koān-tiúⁿ ê hāu-soán-jîn.

## Chām-goā liân-kiat
*228 Sū-kiān Kì-liām Ki-kim-hoē: Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông ê siāu-kài 

## Chham-khó

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân i-seng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Kheh-lâng
Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Tâi-pak-chiu

**Tâi-pak-chiu** (;  *Taihoku-syû*) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê hêng-chèng-khu, 1920 nî siat-li̍p. Tâi-pak-chiu ê hoān-ûi tio̍h sī kin-á-ji̍t ê Sin-pak-chhī, Tâi-pak-chhī, Ke-lâng-chhī kap Gî-lân-koān.

Tâi-pak Chiu-thiaⁿ siat tiàm Tâi-pak-chhī.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê hêng-chèng-khu
Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ

**Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ** (;  *Hôko-tyô*) sī Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún thóng-tī sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê hêng-chèng-khu, goân-pún sī Ko-hiông-chiu ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn, 1926 nî thiah-khui, chiâⁿ-chò Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú ti̍t-chiap koán-lí ê hêng-chènh-khu. Phêⁿ-ô͘-thiaⁿ ê hoān-ûi tio̍h sī kin-á-ji̍t ê Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān.
Lâm-lêng-chhī

**Lâm-lêng-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 南寧市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Nánníng Shì; Chòng-gí: **Nanzningz**) sī Tiong-kok Kńg-sai Chòng-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kap chū-tī-khu siú-hú.
## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Chheng-siù-khu (青秀區)
*Heng-lêng-khu (興寧區)
*Kang-lâm-khu (江南區)
*Se-hiong-tn̂g-khu (西鄉塘區)
*Liông-khèng-khu (良慶區)
*Iong-lêng-khu (邕寧區)
*Bú-bêng-khu (武鳴區)
*Liông-an-koān (隆安縣)
*Má-san-koān (馬山縣)
*Siōng-lîm-koān (上林縣)
*Pin-iông-koān (賓陽縣)
*Hêng-koān (橫縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kńg-sai Chòng-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Se-lêng-chhī

**Se-lêng-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 西寧市; Chōng-gí: ) sī Tiong-kok Chheng-hái-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Siâⁿ-tiong-khu (城中區)
*Siâⁿ-tang-khu (城東區)
*Siâⁿ-sai-khu (城西區)
*Siâⁿ-pak-khu (城北區)
*Hông-tiong-koān (湟中縣)
*Hông-goân-koān (湟源縣)
*Tāi-thong Hoê-cho̍k Thó͘-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (大通回族土族自治縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Chheng-hái-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Hái-kháu-chhī

**Hái-kháu-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 海口市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Hǎikǒu Shì) sī Tiong-kok Hái-lâm-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
* Bí-lân-khu (美蘭區)
* Khêng-san-khu (瓊山區)
* Liông-hoâ-khu (龍華區)
* Siù-eng-khu (秀英區)

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Hái-lâm-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Hái-kháu-chhī
Khun-bêng-chhī

**Khun-bêng-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 昆明市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Kūnmíng Shì; Pe̍h-gí: Sit Cat) sī Tiong-kok Hûn-lâm-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.
## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Thêng-kòng-khu (呈貢區)
*Ngó͘-hoâ-khu (五華區)
*Poân-liông-khu (盤龍區)
*Koan-tō͘-khu (官渡區)
*Sai-san-khu (西山區)
*Tang-chhoan-khu (東川區)
*Chìn-lêng-khu (晋寧區)
*An-lêng-chhī (安寧市)
*Hù-bîn-koān (富民縣)
*Gî-liông-koān (宜良縣)
*Siong-bêng-koān (嵩明縣)
*Chio̍h-lîm Î-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (石林彝族自治縣)
*Lo̍k-khǹg Î-cho̍k Biâu-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (祿勸彝族苗族自治縣)
*Jîm-tiān Hoê-cho̍k Î-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (尋甸回族彝族自治縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Hûn-lâm-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Kùi-iông-chhī

**Kùi-iông-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 貴陽市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Guìyáng Shì) sī Tiong-kok Kùi-chiu-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Koan-san-ô͘-khu (觀山湖區)
*Lâm-bêng-khu (南明區)
*Hûn-gâm-khu (雲岩區)
*Hoa-khe-khu (花溪區)
*O͘-tong-khu (烏當區)
*Pe̍h-hûn-khu (白雲區)
*Chheng-tìn-chhī (清鎮市)
*Khai-iông-koān (開陽縣)
*Sit-hong-koān (息烽縣)
*Siu-bûn-koān (修文縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kùi-chiu‎-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lâm-chhiong-chhī

**Lâm-chhiong-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 南昌市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Nánchāng Shì) sī Tiong-kok Kang-sai-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Tang-ô͘-khu (東湖區)
*Sai-ô͘-khu (西湖區)
*Chheng-hûn-phó͘-khu (青雲譜區)
*Oan-lí-khu (灣里區)
*Chheng-san-ô͘-khu (青山湖區)
*Sin-kiàn-khu (新建區)
*Lâm-chhiong-koān (南昌縣)
*An-gī-koān (安義縣)
*Chìn-hiân-koān (進賢縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kang-sai-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lâm-chhiong-chhī (Sù-chhoan)

**Lâm-chhiong-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 南充市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Nánchōng Shì) sī Tiong-kok Sù-chhoan-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī, tiàm tī Sù-chhoan ê tang-pak pêng.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Sūn-khèng-khu (順慶區)
*Ko-phêng-khu (高坪區)
*Ka-lêng-khu (嘉陵區)
*Lòng-tiong-chhī (閬中市)
*Lâm-pō͘-koān (南部縣)
*Êng-san-koān (營山縣)
*Phōng-an-koān (蓬安縣)
*Gî-lóng-koān (儀隴縣)
*Se-chhiong-koān (西充縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Sù-chhoan-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Thài-goân-chhī

**Thài-goân-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 太原市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Tàiyuán Shì) sī Tiong-kok Soaⁿ-sai-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Hēng-hoa-niá-khu (杏花嶺區)
*Siáu-tiàm-khu (小店區)
*Gêng-te̍k-khu (迎澤區)
*Chiam-chháu-phêng-khu (尖草坪區)
*Bān-pek-lîm-khu (萬柏林區)
*Chìn-goân-khu (晉源區)
*Kó͘-kau-chhī (古交市)
*Chheng-chhî-koān (清徐縣)
*Iông-khiok-koān (陽曲縣)
*Lô͘-hoân-koān (婁煩縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Soaⁿ-sai-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Tiông-chhun-chhī

**Tiông-chhun-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 長春市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Chángchūn Shì) sī Tiong-kok Kiat-lîm-séng ê chi̍t-ê hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

Tiông-chhun kha-chá pat sī Boán-chiu-kok ê siú-to͘, hit-chūn kiò Sin-kiaⁿ (新京).

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Lâm-koan-khu (南關區)
*Khoan-siâⁿ-khu (寬城區)
*Tiâu-iông-khu (朝陽區)
*Jī-tō-khu (二道區)
*Le̍k-hn̂g-khu (綠園區)
*Siang-iông-khu (雙陽區)
*Kiú-tâi-khu (九台區)
*Jiû-chhiū-chhī (榆樹市)
*Tek-hūi-chhī (德惠市)
*Lông-an-koān (農安縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiat-lîm‎-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lâm-chhiong

**Lâm-chhiong** ū khó-lêng sī:

* Lâm-chhiong-chhī (南昌市): Tiong-kok Kang-sai-séng ê séng-to͘.
** Lâm-chhiong-koān (南昌縣): Kang-sai-séng Lâm-chhiong-chhī ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê koān.
* Lâm-chhiong-chhī (南充市): Tiong-kok Sù-chhoan-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī.
Kiōng-hô Tóng (Bí-kok)

**Kiōng-hô-tóng** (共和黨, ) sī hiān-tāi Bí-kok 2 toā chèng-tóng ê kî-tiong 1 ê, 1854 nî kiàn-tóng, liáu-āu chiâⁿ kín tō chhú-tāi Whig Tóng chiâⁿ chò hoán-tùi Bîn-chú-tóng ê toā tóng. Abraham Lincoln sī thâu 1 ê Kiōng-hô-tóng-chek ê Bí-kok chóng-thóng. Hiān-tāi ê Kiōng-hô-tóng kiâⁿ pó-siú kiam sin-pó-siú-chú-gī. 

## Chham-khó
Chio̍h-ka-chng-chhī

**Chio̍h-ka-chng-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 石家莊市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Shíjiāzhuāng Shì) sī Tiong-kok Hô-pak-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Tiông-an-khu (長安區)
*Kiâu-se-khu (橋西區)
*Sin-hoâ-khu (新華區)
*Jū-hoâ-khu (裕華區)
*Chéⁿ-hêng-khòng-khu (井陘礦區)
*Ko-siâⁿ-khu (藁城區)
*Lo̍k-choân-khu (鹿泉區)
*Loân-siâⁿ-khu (欒城區)
*Chìn-chiu-chhī (晉州市)
*Sin-lo̍k-chhī (新樂市)
*Chéⁿ-hêng-koān (井陘縣)
*Chèng-tēng-koān (正定縣)
*Hêng-tông-koān (行唐縣)
*Lêng-siū-koān (靈壽縣)
*Ko-ip-koān (高邑縣)
*Chhim-te̍k-koān (深澤縣)
*Chàn-hông-koān (贊皇縣)
*Bû-ke̍k-koān (無極縣)
*Pêng-san-koān (平山縣)
*Goân-sī-koān (元氏縣)
*Tiāu-koān (趙縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Hô-pak-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Tn̂g-soa-chhī

**Tn̂g-soa-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 长沙市/長沙市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Chángshā Shì) sī Tiong-kok Ô͘-lâm-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Ga̍k-lo̍k-khu (嶽麓區)
*Phû-iông-khu (芙蓉區)
*Thian-sim-khu (天心區)
*Khai-hok-khu (開福區)
*Ú-hoa-khu (雨花區)
*Bōng-siâⁿ-khu (望城區)
*Liû-iông-chhī (瀏陽市)
*Lêng-hiong-chhī (寧鄉市)
*Tn̂g-soa-koān (長沙縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Ô͘-lâm-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lân-chiu-chhī

**Lân-chiu-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 蘭州市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Lánzhōu Shì) sī Tiong-kok Kam-siok-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Siâⁿ-koan-khu (城關區)
*Chhit-lí-hô-khu (七里河區)
*Se-kò͘-khu (西固區)
*An-lêng-khu (安寧區)
*Hông-kó͘-khu (紅古區)
*Éng-teng-koān (永登縣)
*Ko-lân-koān (皋蘭縣)
*Jiû-tiong-koān (榆中縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Kam-siok-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Tēⁿ-chiu-chhī

**Tēⁿ-chiu-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 鄭州市) sī Tiong-kok Hô-lâm-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Tiong-goân-khu (中原區)
*Jī-chhek-khu (二七區)
*Koán-siâⁿ Hoê-cho̍k-khu (管城回族區)
*Kim-súi-khu (金水區)
*Siōng-ke-khu (上街區)
*Hūi-chè-khu (惠濟區)
*Kióng-gī-chhī (鞏義市)
*Êng-iông-chhī (滎陽市)
*Sin-bi̍t-chhī (新密市)
*Sin-tēⁿ-chhī (新鄭市)
*Teng-hong-chhī (登封市)
*Tiong-bô͘-koān (中牟縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Hô-lâm-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Chè-lâm-chhī

**Chè-lâm-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 濟南市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Jĭnán Shì) sī Tiong-kok Soaⁿ-tang-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2006 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 603 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Chè-lâm-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 6 ê khu, 1 ê koān-kip-chhī, 3 ê koān.

*Chhī-tiong-khu (市中區)
*Le̍k-hā-khu (歷下區)
*Hoâi-ìm-khu (槐蔭區)
*Thian-kiô-khu (天橋區)
*Le̍k-siâⁿ-khu (歷城區)
*Tiông-chheng-khu (長清區)
*Chiong-khiu-khu (章丘區)
*Chè-iông-khu (濟陽區)
*Lâi-bû-khu (萊蕪區)
*Kong-siâⁿ-khu (鋼城區)
*Pêng-im-koān (平陰縣)
*Siong-hô-koān (商河縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Soaⁿ-tang-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Tn̂g-soa

**Tn̂g-soa** (Hàn-jī: 长沙/長沙) ū khó-lêng sī:

* Tn̂g-soa-chhī: Tiong-kok Ô͘-lâm-séng ê séng-to͘.
** Tn̂g-soa-koān: Tn̂g-soa-chhī ē-kha ê chi̍t-ê koān.
Hâng-chiu-chhī

**Hâng-chiu-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 杭州市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Hángzhōu Shì) sī Tiong-kok Chiat-kang-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2007 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 650 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

Hâng-chiu-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 8 ê khu, 3 ê koān-kip-chhī, 2 ê koān:

*Gióng-sú-khu (拱墅區)
*Siōng-siâⁿ-khu (上城區)
*Ē-siâⁿ-khu (下城區)
*Kang-kan-khu (江干區)
*Sai-ô͘-khu (西湖區)
*Pin-kang-khu (濱江區)
*Siau-san-khu (蕭山區)
*Î-hâng-khu (余杭區)
*Hù-iông-khu (富陽區)
*Kiàn-tek-chhī (建德市)
*Lîm-an-chhī (臨安市)
*Tông-lû-koān (桐廬縣)
*Sûn-an-koān (淳安縣)


Hangzhou-Lingyin-Tempel-34-Rauchopfer-2012-gje.jpg
Hangzhou-Lingyin-Tempel-16-Buddha-2012-gje.jpg
Hangzhou-Apotheke-12-2012-gje.jpg
Hangzhou-24-Teeladen-2012-gje.jpg
Hangzhou-Teeplantage-36-Teeglas-2012-gje.jpg
Hangzhou-Westsee-04-Lotus-2012-gje.jpg


Lūi-pia̍t:Chiat-kang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Hah-ní-pin-chhī

**Hah-ní-pin-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 哈爾濱市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Hāěrbīn Shì; Lō͘-se-a-gú: Харби́н/*Kharbin*) a̍h-sī **Harbin-chhī**, sī Tiong-kok Hek-liông-kang-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2007 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 987 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

Hah-ní-pin-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 8 ê khu, 3 ê koān-kip-chhī, 7 ê koān.

*Siông-pak-khu (松北區)
*Tō-lí-khu (道里區)
*Lâm-kong-khu (南崗區)
*Tō-goā-khu (道外區)
*Pêng-pông-khu (平房區)
*Hiong-hng-khu (香坊區)
*Ho͘-lân-khu (呼蘭區)
*A-siâⁿ-khu (阿城區)
*Siang-siâⁿ-khu (雙城區)
*Siōng-chì-chhī (尚志市)
*Ngó͘-siông-chhī (五常市)
*I-lân-koān (依蘭縣)
*Hong-chèng-koān (方正縣)
*Pin-koān (賓縣)
*Pa-gān-koān (巴彥縣)
*Bo̍k-lân-koān (木蘭縣)
*Thong-hô-koān (通河縣)
*Iân-siū-koān (延壽縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Hek-liông-kang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Ha̍p-pûi-chhī

**Ha̍p-pûi-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 合肥市) sī Tiong-kok An-hui-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam séng-to͘.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Sio̍k-san-khu (蜀山區)
*Iâu-hái-khu (瑤海區)
*Lû-iông-khu (廬陽區)
*Pau-hô-khu (包河區)
*Châu-ô͘-chhī (巢湖市)
*Tiông-hong-koān (長豐縣)
*Pûi-tang-koān (肥東縣)
*Pûi-sai-koān (肥西縣)
*Lû-kang-koān (廬江縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:An-hui-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Hàn-miâ

**Hàn-miâ** (漢名), he̍k-chiá **Tông-miâ** (唐名), **Tiong-bûn-miâ** (中文名), kiap-gī-siōng sī teh kóng Hàn-cho̍k ia̍h bô͘-hóng hàn-cho̍k ê hō-miâ hong-sek só͘ hō chhut-lâi ê lâng-miâ, pí-lūn Tiâu-sián-cho̍k kap Oa̍t-lâm-lâng ê miâ-jī; kóng-gī-siōng hâm-kài tio̍h ji̍t-pún-lâng ēng Hàn-jī hō ê miâ-jī.
Se-an-chhī

**Se-an-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 西安市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Xī'ān Shì) sī Tiong-kok Siám-sai-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2004 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 716 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Se-an-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 9 ê khu, 4 ê koān.

*Bī-iong-khu (未央區)
*Sin-siâⁿ-khu (新城區)
*Pi-lîm-khu (碑林區)
*Liân-ô͘-khu (蓮湖區)
*Pà-kiô-khu (灞橋區)
*Gān-thah-khu (雁塔區)
*Iâm-liông-khu (閻良區)
*Lîm-tông-khu (臨潼區)
*Tiông-an-khu (長安區)
*Ko-lêng-khu (高陵區)
*Hō͘-ip-khu (鄠邑區)
*Lâm-tiân-koān (藍田縣)
*Chiu-chì-koān (周至縣)


Xian-02-Sonnenuntergang-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-Terrakotta-Armee-04-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-Grosse Moschee-14-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-Wildganspagode-Moenche-24-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-Stadtmauer-16-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-16-Neubauten-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-Markt-06-2012-gje.jpg
Xian-24-Abendessen-2012-gje.jpg


Lūi-pia̍t:Siám-sai-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Sêng-to͘-chhī

**Sêng-to͘-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 成都市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Chéngdū Shì) sī Tiong-kok Sù-chhoan-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2006 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 1060 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Sêng-to͘-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 9 ê khu, 4 ê koān-kip-chhī kap 6 ê koān.

*Bú-hâu-khu (武侯區)
*Kím-kang-khu (錦江區)
*Chheng-iûⁿ-khu (青羊區)
*Kim-gû-khu (金牛區)
*Sêng-hoâ-khu (成華區)
*Liông-choân-ia̍h-khu (龍泉驛區)
*Chheng-pe̍h-kang-khu (青白江區)
*Sin-to͘-khu (新都區)
*Un-kang-khu (溫江區)
*Siang-liû-khu (雙流區)
*Pì-to͘-khu (郫都區)
*To͘-kang-ián-chhī (都江堰市)
*Phêng-chiu-chhī (彭州市)
*Kiông-lâi-chhī (邛崍市)
*Chông-chiu-chhī (崇州市)
*Kán-iông-chhī (簡陽市)
*Kim-tông-koān (金堂縣)
*Tāi-ip-koān (大邑縣)
*Phô͘-kang-koān (蒲江縣)
*Sin-chin-koān (新津縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Sù-chhoan-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Sím-iông-chhī

**Sím-iông-chhī** (Hàn-jī:瀋陽市; Boán-chiu-gí: **Mukden** /) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2005 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 740 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Sím-iông-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 10 ê khu, 1 ê koān-kip-chhī kap 3 ê koān.

*Hô-pêng-khu (和平區)
*Sím-hô-khu (瀋河區)
*Tāi-tong-khu (大東區)
*Hông-ko͘-khu (皇姑區)
*Thih-se-khu (鐵西區)
*So͘-ka-tûn-khu (蘇家屯區)
*Hûn-lâm-khu (渾南區)
*Sím-pak Sin-khu (瀋北新區)
*Û-hông-khu (于洪區)
*Liâu-tiong-khu (遼中區)
*Sin-bîn-chhī (新民市)
*Khong-pêng-koān (康平縣)
*Hoat-khò͘-koān (法庫縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Liâu-lêng-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Chheng-tó-chhī

**Chheng-tó-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 青島市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Qīngdǎo Shì) sī Tiong-kok Soaⁿ-tang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. Chheng-tó-chhī tiàm-tī Soaⁿ-tang Poàn-tó ê lâm-pêng, sī tiōng-iàu ê hái-káng kap kun-káng. 2007 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 757 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

Chheng-tó-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 7 ê khu, 5 ê koān-kip-chhī.

*Chhī-lâm-khu (市南區)
*Chhī-pak-khu (市北區)
*Lí-chhong-khu (李滄區)
*Lô-san-khu (嶗山區)
*Siâⁿ-iông-khu (城陽區)
*N̂g-tó-khu (黃島區)
*Chek-be̍k-khu (即墨區)
*Ka-chiu-chhī (膠州市)
*Pêng-tō͘-chhī (平度市)
*Lâi-se-chhī (萊西市)

Lūi-pia̍t:Soaⁿ-tang-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Tāi-liân-chhī

**Tāi-liân-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 大連市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Dàlián Shì) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng ê tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. Tāi-liân-chhī tiàm-tī Liâu-tang Poàn-tó ê siāng lâm-pêng, sī tiōng-iàu ê hái-káng kap kun-káng. 2006 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 620 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Tāi-liân-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 6 ê khu, 3 ê koān-kip-chhī kap 1 ê koān.

*Tiong-san-khu (中山區)
*Se-kong-khu (西崗區)
*Sa-hô-kháu-khu (沙河口區)
*Kam-chéⁿ-chú-khu (甘井子區)
*Lú-sūn-kháu-khu (旅順口區)
*Kim-chiu-khu (金州區)
*Phó͘-lân-tiàm-khu (普蘭店區)
*Oá-pông-tiàm-chhī (瓦房店市)
*Chng-hô-chhī (莊河市)
*Tiông-hái-koān (長海縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Liâu-lêng-séng
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Pn̄g

**Pn̄g** sī chiông bí thàu chúi lo̍h--khí, chú se̍k liáu-aū chiân-chò chi̍t-chióng chia̍h-mi̍h.
Kńg-chiu-chhī

**Kńg-chiu-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 廣州市;  Kńg-tang-oē: Gwong²zau¹) sī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2007 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 730 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Kńg-chiu-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 10 ê khu, 2 ê koān-kip-chhī:

*Oa̍t-siù-khu (越秀區)
*Lē-oan-khu (荔灣區)
*Hái-chu-khu (海珠區)
*Thian-hô-khu (天河區)
*Pe̍h-hûn-khu (白雲區)
*Hông-po͘-khu (黃埔區)
*Hoan-gû-khu (番禺區)
*Hoa-to͘-khu (花都區)
*Lâm-sa-khu (南沙區)
*Chiông-hoà-khu (從化區)
*Cheng-siâⁿ-khu (增城區)

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Kńg-tang-séng
Lêng-pho-chhī

**Lêng-pho-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 寧波市) sī Tiong-kok Chiat-kang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2007 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 564 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
Lêng-pho-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 6 ê khu, 3 ê koān-kip-chhī kap 2 ê koān:

*Hái-sū-khu (海曙區)
*Kang-pak-khu (江北區)
*Pak-lûn-khu (北侖區)
*Tìn-hái-khu (鎮海區)
*Gûn-chiu-khu (鄞州區)
*Hōng-hoà-khu (奉化區)
*Î-iâu-chhī (余姚市)
*Chû-khe-chhī (慈谿市)
*Siōng-san-koān (象山縣)
*Lêng-hái-koān (寧海縣)

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiat-kang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Bauhaus

**Bauhaus** chôan-miâ **Staatliche Bauhaus**, sī 1919 nî kàu 1933 nî tī Tek-kok ê kiàn-tio̍k ha̍k-hāu, chhòng-pān-jîn sī Walter Gropius. Bauhaus tùi hiān-tāi-chú-gī ê kiàn-tio̍k, siat-kè ia̍h gē-su̍t hong-keh ū chin tōa ê éng-hióng.
Nottingham

**Nottingham** sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Eng-lân Nottinghamshire ē-kha ê chi̍t ê koān (*district*).

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân ê koān
Lūi-pia̍t:Nottinghamshire
Siat-kè

**Siat-kè** sī chhòng-chō 1 ê mi̍h, siat-li̍p 1 ê kiat-kò͘, kiàn-tio̍k 1 ê hē-thóng ê koè-têng ia̍h hoat-tō͘.
Hiān-tāi-chú-gī

**Hiān-tāi-chú-gī** (**Kīn-**) sī ùi 19 sè-kí boán-kî kàu 20 sè-kí chá-kî tī Se-hng ê bûn-hoà ūn-tōng tiâu-liû, pau-koah gē-su̍t, kiàn-tio̍k, im-ga̍k, bûn-ha̍k téng hong-bīn ê kái-kek ūn-tōng.

Pí-kàu: hiān-tāi-sèng (modernity).

Hiān-tāi chú-gī tùi bûn-hoà ê le̍k-sú kak-tō͘ lâi kóng, sī 1914 nî chêng ê kúi-cha̍p nî tiong heng-khí ê sin gē-su̍t kap bûn-ha̍k hong-keh, sī gē-su̍t-ka ūi-tio̍h hoán-khòng 19 sè-kí boa̍t-kî ê siâⁿ-kui, choán-á iōng chi̍t chéng in jīn-ûi kám-chêng siōng koh khah chin-si̍t ê hong-sek, lâi piáu-hiān chhut tāi-ke chin-chiàⁿ ê kám-siū kap siūⁿ-hoat. 

Hiān-tāi chú-gī í kho-ha̍k ūi ki-chhó͘, káng-kiû lí-sèng kap lô-chip. Kî-tiong Isaac Newton ê la̍t-o̍h lí-lūn, Charles Darwin ê chìn-hoà lí-lūn ūi hiān-tāi chú-gī tiōng-iàu ê ki-chhó͘. 

Ū koá lâng chiong 20 sè-kí khu-hun choè hiān-tāi sî-kî kap āu-hiān-tāi sî-kî, ū koá lâng chiah jīn-ûi in sī kâng chi̍t ê toā hoān-ûi sî-kî ê nn̄g ê kai-toāⁿ.  

Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-hòa
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiat-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Gē-su̍t ūn-tōng

be-x-old:Мадэрнізм
Sin Delhi

**Sin Delhi** (Eng-gí: New Delhi; Hindi-gí: नई दिल्ली; Punjabi-gí: ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ; Urdu-gí: نئی دلی) sī Ìn-tō͘ ê siú-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k Delhi Kok-ka Siú-to͘ Hat-khu ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn.
Îzima Ai

**Îzima Ai** (飯島 愛; 1972 nî 10 goe̍h 31 - 2008 nî 12 goe̍h 24 ji̍t), Ji̍t-pún oai-ko-phìⁿ ián-oân, koa-chhiú, mûi-thé jîn-bu̍t.

Îzima Ai pún-miâ kiò chò Ôkubo Matue (大久保 松恵), Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘ chhut-sin.

2008 nî 12 goe̍h 24, i hông hoat-hiān sí tiàm Tang-kiaⁿ ê chhù-lāi, Ji̍t-pún kéng-hōng tng leh tiâu-cha i sí-bông ê goân-in.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ji̍t-pún jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Ián-oân
Lhasa Chhī

**Lhasa-chhī** (Chōng-gí: /lha-sa; Hàn-gí: 拉薩市) sī Tiong-kok Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam chū-tī-khu siú-hú.
## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Siâⁿ-koan-khu (城關區)
*Doilungdêqên-khu
*Lhünzhub-koān
*Damxung-koān
*Nyêmo-koān
*Qüxü-koān
*Dagzê-koān
*Maizhokunggar-koān

Lūi-pia̍t:Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Hohhot Chhī

**Hohhot-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 呼和浩特市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Hūhéhàotè Shì; (Bông-kó͘-gí: , *Kökeqota*) sī Tiong-kok Lāi Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam chū-tī-khu siú-hú.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Hoê-bîn-khu (回民區)
*Sin-siâⁿ-khu (新城區)
*Gio̍k-choân-khu (玉泉區)
*Sài-hán-khu (賽罕區) 
*Togtoh-koān
*Bú-chhoan-koān (武川縣) 
*Horinger-koān
*Chheng-súi-hô-koān (清水河縣)
*Tumed Chó-kî (--左旗)

Lūi-pia̍t:Lāi Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Ürümqi Chhī

**Ürümqi-chhī** (Uyghur-gí: /Ürümchi, Hàn-gí: 烏魯木齊市) sī Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam chū-tī-khu siú-hú.
## Hêng-chèng-khu
*Thian-san-khu (天山區)
*Saybagh-khu
*Sin-chhī-khu (新市區) 
*Súi-mô͘-kau-khu (水磨溝區) 
*Thâu-tūn-hô-khu (頭屯河區)
*Ta̍t-pán-siâⁿ-khu (達阪城區)
*Bí-tong-khu (米東區) 
*Ürümqi-koān
 

Lūi-pia̍t:Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu ê tē-kip-chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok siâⁿ-chhī
Sex Pistols

**Sex Pistols** sī Eng-lân ê punk ga̍k-thoân, 1975 nî sêng-li̍p, in sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok punk im-ga̍k ê sian-hêng-chiá.

In khái-sí ê sêng-goân ū Johnny Rotten, Steve Jones, Paul Cook kap Glen Matlock. Matlock āu-lâi oāⁿ chò Sid Vicious.
Ông Io̍k-lîm (kiám-chhat-koaⁿ)

**Ông Io̍k-lîm** (; 1919 nî - 1947 nî 3 goe̍h 31), Tâi-oân Sin-tek Tē-hng Hoat-īⁿ Kiám-chhat-chhù kiám-chhat-koaⁿ.

Lí Siáu-hong kóng Ông Io̍k-lîm tī cháu-siám Kok-bîn-tóng lia̍h-lâng ê sî, in-uī koh oa̍t-tńg--khì the̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ chiah hőng lia̍h tioh. 3 goe̍h tè hőng chhú-sí, si-thè hē-lō put-bêng.

Ngô͘ To̍k-liû tī "Tâi-oân liân-khiàu" tiong kóng Ông Io̍k-lîm teh Sin-tek-chhī chò kiám-chhat-koaⁿ, hoat-hiān chhī-tiúⁿ Koè Siau-chong (郭紹宗) sia̍p-ji̍p su-thun gû-ling-hún ê àn-kiāⁿ, i kiò kèng-chhat khì lia̍h Koè Siau-chong, bô-siūⁿ--tioh kèng-chhat-kio̍k-tiúⁿ mā sī choh-hué teh tham-u ē, soah hoan-tò-tńg lâi kā Ông kiám-chhat-koaⁿ uî-khì--lâi, the̍h cháu tái-pó͘-lēng, i tńg khì kiám-chhat-chhù beh koh the̍h tái-pó͘-lēng soah hō͘ téng-si mā, Ông Io̍k-lîm chiok siū-khì tio̍h lî-khui khì Tâi-pak kà-chheh, Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî chiū khì hō͘ Koè Siau-chong phài-lâng lia̍h khì koh thâi--sí. chit m̄-sī su-si̍t, kin-kì "Bîn-pò" pò-tō, si̍t-chè siōng sī Sin-tek-chhī chèng-hú chí-khòng chit-má hō͘ Ông Io̍k-lîm lu̍t hiàn-peng "pau-ûi", hui chit ê Ông Io̍k-lîm khì hō͘-lâng pau-ûi, jî-chhiáⁿ chit ê Ông Io̍k-lîm sī khì "cheng-sìn" m̄-sī "tāi-pó͘", tùi-siōng sī "chóng-bū-kho kho-tiúⁿ" m̄-sī "chhī-tiúⁿ".Kàm-chhat-īⁿ tī 2001 nî hiòng Hoat-bū-pō͘ kap tâi-oân Sin-tek tē-hong hoat-īⁿ tiàu-oa̍t chu-liāu, lóng-cha bô Koeh Siāu-chong tham-ù-àn.

Ông Io̍k-lîm ê sió-tī sī chhut-miâ ê Tâi-to̍k ūn-tōng-chiá kap Tâi-gí-bûn ê ha̍k-chiá Ông Io̍k-tek.

## Chām-gōa liân-kiat

*228 Sū-kiān Kì-liām Ki-kim-hoē: Ông Io̍k-lîm ê siāu-kài 

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-lâm-chhī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Hukusima-chhī

**Hukusima-chhī** (福島市; Hukusima-si) sī Ji̍t-pún Hukusima Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī kap koān-thiaⁿ só͘-chāi-tē.
Maebasi-chhī

**Maebasi-chhī** (前橋市; Maebasi-si) sī Ji̍t-pún Gunma Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī kap koān-thiaⁿ só͘-chāi-tē.
Yamaguti-chhī

**Yamaguti-chhī** (山口市; Yamaguti-si) sī Ji̍t-pún Yamaguti Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī kap koān-thiaⁿ só͘-chāi-tē.
Ôtu-chhī

**Ôtu-chhī** (大津市; Ôtu-si) sī Ji̍t-pún Siga Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī kap koān-thiaⁿ só͘-chāi-tē.
Sapporo-chhī

**Sapporo-chhī** (札幌市; Sapporo-si) sī Ji̍t-pún Hokkaidô siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī kap tō-thiaⁿ só͘-chāi-tē.
Chèng-tóng

**Chèng-tóng** (Hàn-jī: 政黨) sī ūi tio̍h kiong-tông ê chèng-tī bo̍k-te̍k, lí-liām ê lâng só͘ cho͘-sêng ê cho͘-chit ia̍h thoân-thé. 

## Siang-kōan ê bûn-chiūⁿ
* Chip-chèng-tóng
* Hoán-tùi-tóng
* It-tóng to̍k-toā
* Bû-tóng-che̍k
* Tóng-gōa
Pak Au-chiu

## Liân-ha̍p-kok ê tēng-gī
* 
* 
**  Hái-tō Kûn-tó:  kap  
**  
* 
* 
** 
* 
**  Svalbard kap Jan Mayen
* 
** 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Thoân-thóng ê kóng-hoat
* 
* 
*  
* 
*
Ngô͘ Kim-liān

**Ngô͘ Kim-liān** (吳金鍊; 1913 nî–1947 nî), *[[Tâi-oân Sin-seng-pò]]* chóng-piān-chip, bû-kò͘ hōng lia̍h khì siū-hāi.

Ngô͘ Kim-liān, Tâi-pak-chhī lâng, Tang-kiaⁿ Bûn-hoà-ha̍k-īⁿ Bûn-ha̍k-pō͘ chhut-giap. Tī *[[Tâi-oân Sin-mîn-pò]]* chèng-tī-pō͘ ho̍k-bū. Tāi-chiān bé kî, choân Tâi-oân ê pò-choá lóng piān chò chi̍t kin Tâi-oân-sin-pò. Chiàn-āu koh kái chò *[[Tâi-oân Sin-seng-pò]]*. Chiàn-āu chho͘-kî ū Ji̍t-bûn-pán; Ngô͘ Kim-liān chiū tam-jīm Ji̍t-bûn-pán ê chóng-piān-chip. Ji̍t-bûn-pán tuì sî-chèng kap siā-hoē ê put-kong-put-gī lóng chin chù-ì, 1946 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t Ji̍t-bûn-pán pī hoè-chí. 

Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu, goân-pún Tâi-oân Hêng-chèng-tiúⁿ-koaⁿ Kong-sú kìm-chí pò-choá pò-tō. Put-kò siū tio̍h bîn-chiòng ê ap-le̍k, Tâi-oân Sin-seng-pò tuì Sū-kiāⁿ ū chin chheng-chhó ê pò-tō mā hui-hok Ji̍t-bûn-pán. 3 goe̍h 12 ji̍t Ngô͘ Kim-liān chiū bû-kò͘ hōng lia̍h khì lâi siū-hāi. I khì hōng lia̍h--khì ê sî, in bó͘ tú-hó ū-sin.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Thames Hô

**Thames Kang** sī England lâm-pō͘ ê chú-iàu hô-chhoan chi it, gôan-thâu tī Gloucestershire, chhut-kháu tī Essex. Kî-thaⁿ keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi ū Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey kap Kent, koh ū keng-kòe Eng-kok siú-to͘ London chham Oxford, Reading ia̍h Windsor téng-téng ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tn̂g-tō͘ ū 346 km.

Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân
Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê khe
Sai Au-chiu

**Sai Au-chiu**, phó͘-thong ū kóng **Se Au** (西歐), sī kóng Au-chiu ê sai-pòaⁿ-pō͘, biān-chek iok 500-bān pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm Au-chiu ê chi̍t pòaⁿ chó-iū. Si̍p-koàn siōng, chit khu koh ē-sái hūn chò Pak Au, Se Au, Lâm Au 3 pō͘-hūn. Chit khu tī Au-A Tāi-lio̍k sai-pō͘, Tāi-se-iûⁿ tang-hōaⁿ, tōa pō͘-hūn tī pak-ūi 35° chì 60°, sio̍k pak un-tài.

Hia̍p-gī siōng kóng Au-chiu sai-pō͘ kīn-óa Tāi-se-iûⁿ ê tē-khu kap hù-kīn tó-sū, pau-hâm Eng-lân, So͘-kat-lân, Ài-ní-lân, Hô-lân, Pí-lī-sî, Lô͘-sim-pó, Hoat-lân-se. Tī léng-chiàn sî-kî thong-siông mā kā Au-chiu chu-pún-chú-gī kok-ka kiò Se Au.

## Liân-ha̍p-kok ê tēng-gī
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Hái-tō Kûn-tó

**Hái-tō Kûn-tó** (Eng-gí: *Channel Islands*; Norman-gí: *Îles d'la Manche*, Hoat-gí: *Îles Anglo-Normandes* ia̍h *Îles de la Manche*) sī tiàm tī English Hái-tō (English Channel) ê kûn-tó, oá Hoat-kok Normandie hái-hoāⁿ.

## Hêng-chèng

Hái-tō Kûn-tó bīn-chek 194 km², pau-hâm Guernsey kap Jersey 2 ta̍h, chú-koân sio̍k Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok hông-ka (*Crown dependency*).
Romania

**Romania** (Romania-gí: ), im-e̍k **Lô-má-nî-a** (羅馬尼亞), sī Au-chiu tang-lâm-pō͘ ê kok-ka. I ê tang-lâm-pêng kap O͘-hái sio-liân.

## Tē-lí

## Hêng-chèng-khu

## Chham-khó
Pak-kok Lí-sū-hōe

**Pak-kok Lí-sū-hōe** sī Pak-kok ê kok-ka kap i-lāi-tē cho͘-sêng ê kok-chè cho͘-chit.

## Sêng-oân
Pak-kok Lí-sū-hōe ū 5-ê hoē-oân-kok kap 3-ê ī-lāi-tē ê hù-hōe-oân:

;Kok-ka
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

;Hù-hōe-oân

* 
* 
*
2009 nî 1 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 1 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 1 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 31 kang, tē 1 kang sī pài-sì, siāng-bóe kang sī pài-la̍k.
2009 nî 2 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 2 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 2 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 28 kang, tē 1 kang sī lé-pài, siāng-bóe kang sī pài-la̍k.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
*2 goe̍h 25 : Thó͘-nī-kî ê Turkish Airlines ê 1951-hō pan-ki tī Amsterdam ê Schiphol Ki-tiûⁿ hù-kīn chai-lo̍h, chì-chió 9-ê lâng sí-bông, 86-ê lâng siū-siong.
*2 goe̍h 25 : Somalia ê Mogadishu hoat-seng chiàn-tò͘, chì-chió 15-ê lâng sí-bông, 90-ê lâng siū-siong.
*2 goe̍h 17 : Bí-kok chóng-thóng Barack Obama chhiam-sú 7870-e̍k bí-kim ê keng-chè ōan-chō͘ hoat-àn.
*2 goe̍h 12 : Bí-kok Continental Airlines ê 3407-hō pan-ki tī Buffalo chai-lo̍h, 50-ê lâng sí-bông.
2009 nî 4 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 4 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 4 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 30 kang, tē 1 kang sī pài-saⁿ, siāng-bóe kang sī pài-sì.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
*4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t: Ti-liû-kám tùi Be̍k-se-ko kap Bí-kok po̍k-hoat, chhiau-kòe 1600-ê lâng hō͘ kám-jiám, 86-ê lâng sí-bông.
*4 goe̍h 16 ji̍t: Ìn-tō͘ ê 2009 nî chôan-kok phó͘-sóan, thong-sè-kài kui-bô͘ siōng-toā ê bîn-chú sóan-kú khai-sí, boeh sóan-chhut hā-gī-īⁿ "Lok Sabha" chôan-pō͘ 543-ê gī-ôan.
*4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t: Italia ê Abruzzo tē-khu hoat-seng tē-tāng, siōng-bô 294-ê lâng sí-bông, 1500-ê lâng siū-siong.
2009 nî 6 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 6 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 6 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 30 kang, tē 1 kang sī pài-it, siāng-bóe kang sī pài-jī.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
* 6 goe̍h 25 ji̍t: Bí-kok ê pop koa-chheⁿ Michael Jackson (*siòng*) tī Los Angeles kòe-sin.
* 6 goe̍h 12 ji̍t: Iran ê Mahmoud Ahmadinejad tī sóan-kú sèng-lī, liân-jīm Iran chóng-thóng.
* 6 goe̍h 3 ji̍t: Bí-chiu Kok-ka Cho͘-chit soan-pò͘ hòe-tû 1962 nî kóaⁿ-cháu Cuba ê koat-tēng.
* 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t: Chài-ūn 228-ê lâng ê Air France 447-hō pan-ki tī Pa-se hù-kīn ê Tāi-se-iûⁿ sit-chong.
* 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t: Bí-kok ê chū-tōng-chhia kong-si General Motors hiòng hoat-īⁿ sin-chhéng phò͘-sán pó-hō͘.
2009 nî 11 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 11 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 11 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 30 kang, tē 1 kang sī lé-pài, siāng-bóe kang sī pài-it.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
*11 goe̍h 29 ji̍t: Sio̍k Khui-khoah Chiàn-soàⁿ (*Frente Amplio*) ê José Mujica tiòng-sóan Uruguay ê chóng-thóng.
*11 goe̍h 23 ji̍t: Hui-li̍p-pin Mindanao ê Maguindanao hoat-seng chèng-tī tó͘-sat, 57-ê lâng sí-bông.
*11 goe̍h 21 ji̍t: Tiong-kok Hek-liông-kang-séng ê chi̍t-ê khòng-tiûⁿ hoat-seng pho̍k-chà, chō-sêng siōng-bô 104-ê lâng sí-bông.
*11 goe̍h 19 ji̍t: Belgien ê siú-siōng Herman Van Rompuy hong soán chòe Au-chiu Lí-sū-hōe ê thâu-chi̍t-ê siông-jīm chú-se̍k.   
*11 goe̍h 9 ji̍t: Kū-hong Ida tī El Salvador chō-sêng siōng-bô 91-ê lâng sí-bông.
Kong-ho̍k-hiong

**Kong-ho̍k-hiong** (Hàn-jī: 光復鄉; Amis-gí: **[[Fata'an]]**; Kheh-gí Hái-lio̍k-khiuⁿ: **gongˋ fugˋ hiongˋ**, Sù-koān-khiuⁿ: **gongˊ fug hiongˊ**) tī Tâi-oân ê Hoa-liân-koān, goân-chū-bîn chha-put-to chiàm jîn-kháu ê chi̍t-pòaⁿ, ū chi̍t-kóa Amis-cho̍k ê pō͘-lo̍k, chú-iàu ū Fata'an, Tafalong, Tāi-hô saⁿ-ê pō͘-lo̍k, kî-tiong Fata'an kah Tafalong lóng-sī le̍k-sú chiâⁿ kú-tn̂g ê pō͘-lo̍k, Tāi-hô sī Ji̍t-pún Sî-tāi ê sî-chūn Ji̍t-pún-lâng kiàn-li̍p ê.
Chhoà I-lîm

**Chhòa I-lîm** (蔡依林, **Jolin Tsai**; ), sī chi̍t-ê Tâi-oân koa-chhiú, tī Sin-pak-chhī chhut-sì, ū chhut kòe *Don't Stop*, *J-game* téng-téng ê choan-chip.
Sîn-khiok

**Sîn-khiok** (La Divina Commedia) sī Dante Alighieri tī 1308 nî kàu 1321 nî kòe-sin chìn-chêng ê tiông-phian si-bûn tì-chok, hun-chòe *Inferno* (tē-ga̍k), *Purgatorio* (liān-ga̍k), chham *Paradiso* (thian-kok) saⁿ ê pō͘-hūn, sī tiōng-iàu ê Italia bûn-ha̍k chok-phín.
Åland Kûn-tó

**Åland Kûn-tó** (Hun-lân-gí: ), tiàm-tī Pe̍h-hái ê kûn-tó, chú-iàu gí-giân kóng Sūi-tián-gí, chèng-tī sion̄g sī Hun-lân siāng sè ê séng, hêng-chèng siōng ū chū-chú, chèng-tī tiong-li̍p ê tē-ūi, hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng chū-bîn bián chò Hun-lân ê peng.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
2009 nî 9 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 9 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 9 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 30 kang, tē 1 kang sī pài-jī, siāng-bóe kang sī pài-saⁿ.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
*9 goe̍h 27 ji̍t: Tek-kok ê Ki-tok-kàu Bîn-chú Liân-bêng kap in-ê liân-bêng tī liân-pang kok-hōe soán-kú sèng-lī.
*9 goe̍h 26 ji̍t: Hong-thai Ketsana tī Hui-li̍p-pin chō-sêng 73-ê lân sí-bông, 30 bān lâng sit-chong.
*9 goe̍h 24 ji̍t: G20 ko-hong-hōe (*tô͘*) tī Bí-kok Pennsylvania ê Pittsburgh kú-hêng.
*9 goe̍h 16 ji̍t: Hatoyama Yukio chiūⁿ-jīm Ji̍t-pún ê siú-siòng. 
*9 goe̍h 11 ji̍t: Ji̍t-pún JAXA ê thâu-chi̍t tâi H-II Transfer Vehicle hoat-siā, chiân-óng Kok-chè Thài-khong-chām.
*9 goe̍h 2 ji̍t: Fiji hō͘ Kok-ka Cho͘-ha̍p tiong-chí tī cho͘-ha̍p ê sêng-ôan chu-keh.
2009 nî 10 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

**2009 nî 10 goe̍h** sī 2009 nî ê tē 10 kó͘-goe̍h. Chit̍ kó͘-goe̍h ū 31 kang, tē 1 kang sī pài-sì, siāng-bóe kang sī lé-pài.

## Sū-kiāⁿ
* 10 goe̍h 28 ji̍t: Bí-kok NASA ê chhì-giām hóe-chìⁿ Ares I-X tī Kennedy Thài-khong Tiong-sim hoat-siā sêng-kong (*siōng*) .
* 10 goe̍h 28 ji̍t: Pakistan ê Peshāwar hoat-seng chū-sat chà-tôaⁿ kong-kek, chō-sêng siōng-bô 117-ê lâng sí-bông.
* 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t: Iraq ê Baghdad hoat-seng chū-sat chà-tôaⁿ kong-kek, chō-sêng siōng-bô 155-ê lâng sí-bông.
* 10 goe̍h 18 ji̍t: Iran ê Sistān kap Balūchestān hoat-seng chū-sat chà-tôaⁿ kong-kek, chō-sêng siōng-bô 42-ê lâng sí-bông.
* 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t: Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok khèng-chiok kiàn-kok 60 nî, kú-pān	ia̍t-peng tián-lé.
Ô͘

**Ô͘** he̍k-chiá **ô͘-chúi** sī phûn-tē ē-té ê chúi-thé, sī tē-lí te̍k-teng ê 1 khoán. Ô͘ m̄ sī hái-iûⁿ ê 1 pō͘-hūn, chóng--sī ū chi̍t-kóa khah tōa ê ô͘ ē hō͘ lâng iōng "hái" khì hō-miâ, chhin-chhiōⁿ sí-hái, Caspi Hái. Ô͘ sù-siông tiàm tī soaⁿ--ni̍h.
Hái-oan

**Hái-oan** sī 3 pêng lóng sī lio̍k-tē ê hái-chúi chúi-thé. Hái-oan it-poaⁿ khah bē khí éng.
Platon

**Platon** (Hi-lia̍p-gí: Πλάτων; chêng 427 nî - chêng 347 nî) sī Hi-lia̍p tī kó͘-tián sî-tāi ê tiat-ha̍k-ka ia̍h sò͘-ha̍k-ka. Sokrates sī i ê lāu-su, Aristoteles sī i ê ha̍k-seng.
Xkill

**xkill** sī chi̍t-ê X Window System téng-thâu ê thêng-sek, bo̍k-tek sī kiat-sok boē tín-tāng ê thêng-sek thang-á.

Tng chip-hêng xkill ê sî-chūn, tī chiong-toan-ki (terminal) oē-bīn téng-thâu ē chhut-hiān ē-bīn chit-tōaⁿ bûn-jī:

Chit-sî-chūn nā sī mouse tiám chi̍t-ê boē tín-tāng ê thang-á, chit-ê thang-á tio̍h-ē kiat-sok.
Messier 1

**Messier 1** (M1, NGC 1952) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-hûn, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Kim-gû-chō.

## Tsù-kái
Messier 2

**Messier 2** (M2, NGC 7089) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Chúi-pân-chō.
Messier 3

**Messier 3** (M3, NGC 5272) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī La̍h-khián-chō.
Messier 4

**Messier 4** (M4, NGC 6121) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Thian-giat-chō.
Messier 5

**Messier 5** (M5, NGC 5904) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Kī-chôa-chō.
Messier 42

**Messier 42** (M42, NGC 1976) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-hûn, ia̍h hō-chòe **La̍h-hō͘-chō tōa-chhiⁿ-hûn**, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī La̍h-hō͘-chō (Orion), chham tē-kiû ê kū-lî ū 1,270±76 kng-nî.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo lên-ket

* Orion Nebula photographs taken by Andrew Ainslie Common in 1883, part of the London Science Museum's collection
* "Animated tour of the Orion Nebula" , University of South Wales
* Orion Nebula observed by Chandra/HST
* Orion Nebula observed by Gemini Observatory
* Orion Nebula at ESA/Hubble 
* Messier 42, SEDS Messier pages and specifically NGC 1976.
* January 2006 Hubble Space Telescope image of the Orion Nebula
* January 2006 Hubble Space Telescope image of the Trapezium cluster
* Orion Nebula M42, Hubble Images
* Remarkable new views captured of Orion Nebula, SpaceFlight Now, 2001.
* NightSkyInfo.com – The Great Orion Nebula 
* Astronomy Picture of the Day
** Spitzer's Orion 2010 April 10
** Planetary Systems Now Forming in Orion 2009 December 22
** Great Orion Nebulae 2008 October 23
* 
* 
* ESO: Hidden Secrets of Orion’s Clouds incl. Photos and animations
Messier 8

**Messier 8** (M8, NGC 6523) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-hûn, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Siā-chhiú-chō.
Messier 10

**Messier 10** (M10, NGC 6254) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thiⁿ-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Chôa-hu-chō.
Tōa-tn̂g-khún

**Tōa-tn̂g-khún** ê ha̍k-miâ sī ***Escherichia coli***, kán-siá ***E. coli***, sī chi̍t-khóan Gram im-sèng ê thong-sèng hiâm-khùi-sèng (*facultative anaerobic*) sè-khún, it-poaⁿ tī un-hoeh tōng-bu̍t ê tn̂g-tō lāi-bīn seng-o̍ah. *E. coli* ê sè-pau ū tāi-iok 2 μm ê tn̂g-tō͘, 0.5 μm ê ti̍t-kèng, thé-chek tāi-iok 0.6 - 0.7 μm3.

## Bûn-hiàn
Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ Chóng-lí

**Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ Chóng-lí** (Hàn-jī: 中华人民共和国国务院总理; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn Zŏnglĭ) sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ ê siú-tiúⁿ kap chèng-hú thâu-lâng.

Hiān-jīm ê Tiong-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ chóng-lí sī Lí Kiông.
Chhiⁿ-hûn

**Seng-hûn** (Latin-gí: *nebula*) sī ú-tiū tîn-ai (cosmic dust), khì-thé, ia̍h tiān-chiuⁿ (plasma) chó͘-sêng ê thian-thé.
N̂g-tō seng-chō

**N̂g-tō cha̍p-jī seng-chō** (黃道十二星座) sī n̂g-tō (thài-iông tī thiⁿ-kiû ê lō͘-sòaⁿ) téng-bīn ê 12-ê seng-chō, tī thian-bûn-ha̍k lāi-bīn sī chi̍t-khóan chō-piau hē-thóng.

Tī chiam-seng-ha̍k lāi-bīn, chia 12-ê seng-chō mā iōng-lâi siòng-miā, hō-chòe n̂g-tō cha̍p-jī kiong (黃道十二宮).

## Cha̍p-jī seng-chō
* Bó͘-iûⁿ-chō (Aries, 牡羊座)
* Kim-gû-chō (Taurus, 金牛座)
* Siang-seⁿ-chō (Gemini, 雙生座)
* hōe-á-chō (Cancer, 蟹仔座)
* Sai-á-chō (Leo, 獅仔座)
* It-lú-chō (Virgo, 乙女座)
* Thian-pêng-chō (Libra, 天平座)
* Giat-á-chō (Scorpio, 蠍仔座)
* Siā-chhiú-chō (Sagittalius, 射手座)
* Soaⁿ-iûⁿ-chō (Capricornus, 山羊座)
* Chúi-pân-chō (Aqualius, 水瓶座)
* Siang-hî-chō (Pisces, 雙魚座)

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Jia̍p-sì Cheh-khùi
Thian-kiû

**Thian-kiû** sī ká-sióng ê chi̍t-ê kiû-bīn, tùi tē-kiû chòe tiong-sim, hiòng thian-khong koan-chhat khòaⁿ-kìⁿ ê thian-thé, lóng pâi-lia̍t tī thian-kiû ê piáu-biān. Thian-kiû tī kó͘-chá sī chin-chē bûn-hòa tùi ú-tiū ê siūⁿ-hoat, tī hiān-tāi ê thian-bûn-ha̍k, thian-kiû chi̍t-ê khài-liām mā koh ū èng-iōng.
Seoul Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī

**Seoul Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī** (, ), sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī.

## Tē-ho-miâ
2005 nî, chhī chèng-hú kái in "Seoul" ê Hôa-gí miâ chò *shǒu'ěr* (首爾 "Siú-ní"), kiàn-gī ēng sin miâ thè-ōaⁿ chá-chêng Hôa-gí-kài koàn-sì ê *hànchéng* (漢城 "Hàn-siâⁿ").

## Hêng-chèng-khu
* Dobong Khu (도봉구)
* Dongdaemun Khu (동대문구)
* Dongjak Khu (동작구)
* Eunpyeong Khu (은평구)
* Gangbuk Khu (강북구)
* Gangdong Khu (강동구)
* Gangnam Khu (강남구)
* Gangseo Khu (강서구)
* Geumcheon Khu (금천구)
* Guro Khu (구로구)
* Gwanak Khu (관악구)
* Gwangjin Khu (광진구)
* Jongno Khu (종로구)
* Jung Khu (중구)
* Jungnang Khu (중랑구)
* Mapo Khu (마포구)
* Nowon Khu (노원구)
* Seocho Khu (서초구)
* Seodaemun Khu (서대문구)
* Seongbuk Khu (성북구)
* Seongdong Khu (성동구)
* Songpa Khu (송파구)
* Yangcheon Khu (양천구)
* Yeongdeungpo Khu (영등포구)
* Yongsan Khu (용산구)

## Chham-khó
P'yŏngyang Ti̍t-hat-chhī

**P'yŏngyang Ti̍t-hat-chhī** () sī Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu
* Chung Khu-he̍k (중구역)
* P'yŏngch'ŏn Khu-he̍k (평천구역)
* Pot'onggang Khu-he̍k (보통강구역)
* Moranbong Khu-he̍k (모란봉구역)
* Sŏsŏng Khu-he̍k (서성구역)
* Sŏn'gyo Khu-he̍k (선교구역)
* Tongdaewŏn Khu-he̍k (동대원구역)
* Taedonggang Khu-he̍k (대동강구역)
* Sadong Khu-he̍k (사동구역)
* Taesŏng Khu-he̍k (대성구역)
* Man'gyŏngdae Khu-he̍k (만경대구역)
* Hyŏngjesan Khu-he̍k (형제산구역)
* Ryongsŏng Khu-he̍k (룡성구역)
* Samsŏk Khu-he̍k (삼석구역)
* Ryŏkp'o Khu-he̍k (력포구역)
* Rakrang Khu-he̍k (락랑구역)
* Sunan Khu-he̍k (순안구역)
* Ŭnjŏng Khu-he̍k (은정구역)
* Kangdong Kūn (강동군)
* Kangnam Kūn (강남군)
Cairo

**Cairo** (A-la-pek-gí: **القاهرة**; Lô-má-jī: **al-Qāhira**)  sī Ai-ki̍p A-la-pek Kiōng-hô-kok ê siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī. Nile Hô ū keng-kòe.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
Tâi-oân Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ

**Tâi-oân Sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ** sī Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē chhòng-pān ê sîn-ha̍k-īⁿ, tiàm-tī Tâi-pak-chhī Sū-lîm-khu ê Chháu-soaⁿ.
Si Kang-lâm

**Si Kang-lâm** (施江南; 1902 nî - 1947 nî), Tâi-oân tē-jī ê i-ha̍k phok-sū, Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hō͘ peng-á lia̍h khì thâi--sí.

Si Kang-lâm, Chiong-hoà Lo̍k-káng lâng, 1902 nî 12 goe̍h 14 ji̍t siⁿ. 1924 nî àn Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Choan-bûn Ha̍k-hāu chhut-iap, 1930 nî tit-tioh Kiaⁿ-to͘ Tāi-ha̍k ê i-ha̍k phok-sū, sī Tō͘ Chhong-bêng (杜聰明) liáu-āu ē tē-jī ê. Tǹg lâi Tâi-oân khì Tâi-pak I-ha̍k Choan-mûn Hak-hāu kà-chu, 1935 nî seng khí-lâi chò Kàu-siū. 1935 nî 7 goe̍h tī Tâi-pak khuī Sù-hong Pīⁿ-īⁿ (四方醫院). 1940 nî chò Tâi-pak-chiu-hoē gī-oân. Chiàn āu chò Tâi-pak-chhì I-su Kong-hoē ê hù-hoē-tiúⁿ. Tī I-ha̍k-kài sī chin chhut-miâ.

Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî i bô siáⁿ-mih toā tōng-chok, chiáu i ê pêng-iú Lí tō-lâm (李道南) sō͘ kóng, í sī khì ti̍t-choē tio̍h lâi khoàⁿ pīⁿ ê peng-á, chiah ê hō͘ he peng-á lī-iōng Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ kā lia̍h khì thâi--sí.

## Hiaⁿ-tī
* Si Kang-pok
* Si Kang-tong
* Si Kang-se

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân i-seng
Perth

**Perth** sī Ò-chiu ê Se Ò-chiu ê hú-siâⁿ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, 2007 nî ê thóng-kè jîn-kháu ū 1,554,769, mā-sī choân Ò-chiu tē 4 tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, pâi tiàm Sydney, Melbourne kap Brisbane ê aū-piah.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ò-chiu siâⁿ-chhī
Victoria

**Victoria** ū khó-lêng sī lâng-miâ ia̍h tē-hō-miâ:

## Tē-hō-miâ
* Victoria: Australia ê chi̍t-ê chiu.
* Victoria: Canada British Columbia ê hú-siâⁿ.
* Victoria: Sesel ê siú-to͘.
* Victoria Tó: Canada ê chi̍t-lia̍p tó.
* Victoria Ô͘: Hui-chiu siāng-tōa ê ô͘.
* Victoria Kūn

## Lâng-miâ
* Victoria (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)
Le Corbusier

**Le Corbusier** (1887 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t - 1965 nî 8 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) pún-mîa **Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris**, sī Sūi-se chhut-sì ê Hoat-kok kiàn-tio̍k-su, siat-kè-ka ia̍h to͘-chhī kè-ōe-su. I sī hiān-tāi-chú-gī kiàn-tio̍k ê tiōng-iàu jîn-bu̍t.
Í-tāi-lī-gí

**Í-tāi-lī-gí** (italiano), sī Roman gí-cho̍k ê chi̍t-ê sêng-ôan, sī 6300 bān lâng ê tē-it gí-giân, tōa-pō͘-hūn tī Í-tāi-lī, kî-thaⁿ sú-iōng jîn-kàu ka chē ê kok-ka ū Sūi-se, Vaticano, San Marino, Croatia, chham Slovenia.

## Su-siá

## Chham-chiàu
### Chù-kha

### Su-chì
* 
* 
* 

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

	

Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī
Lūi-pia̍t:Roman gí-cho̍k
Wall Street

**Wall Street** sī tī New York Chhī ê Manhattan ê chi̍t-tiâu ke-lō͘, thâu-bóe chham Broadway kap South Street sio-chiap, sī thong-sè-kài ê kim-iông tiong-sim, New York Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘ téng-téng ê kau-e̍k chhī-tiûⁿ ê só͘-chāi-tē.
Hamburger

**Bó-goh** (, Eng bûn: hamburger or burger), mā ū hō-chò **Bí kok koah-pau**. Iōng pháng kauh bah kap kî-thaⁿ phòe-liāu lâi chè-chò.

Lūi-pia̍t:Pháng
Messier 11

**Messier 11** (M11, NGC 6705) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thian-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Tún-pâi-chō.
Tân Ho̍k-chì

**Tân Ho̍k-chì** (陳復志; 1911 nî - 1947 nî) Sam-bîn-chú-gī Chheng-liân-thoân Ka-gī-hun-thoân chú-jīm. Khì Ka-gī Ki-tiûⁿ kóng-hô ê sî hōng lia̍h-khì, tī Ka-gī-chhī chhèng-sat.

Tân Ho̍k-chì, Ka-gī-chhī lâng, Ji̍t-pún ê Tāi-sêng Tiong-ha̍k chhut-giap āu, in-uī put-boán Ji̍t-pún thau cháu khì Tiong-kok, khó ji̍p khì Pó-teng Kun-hāu Kang-peng-kho. Tiong-Ji̍t chiàn-cheng chò káu tiong-hāu hù-thoân-tiúⁿ. Chiàn āu poàⁿ-soaⁿ--á Lí Iú-pang (李友邦) phài i lâi chò Sam-bîn-chu-gī Chheng-liân-thoân Ka-gī-hun-thoân chu-jīm. I lóng sī í *Tiong-kok kek-bēng kun-jîn* lâi chu-chheng, lóng sī chhēng Tiong-kok kun-ho̍k.

Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng liáu-āu, Ka-gī sêng-li̍p *Ka-gī Sam-jī chhú-lí Uî-goân-hoē*  kap *Ka-gī Hông-uī Su-lēng-pō͘*, i hōng thui-sak chò chu-jīm-uî-goân kiam su-lēng. M̄-ko nn̄g kang liáu-āu i chiū bì-khì--lâi bô ko chhut-bīn. Kho-lêng sī hō͘ lâng kóng sī poàⁿ-soaⁿ--á, bô sek-ha̍p koh chò-loh--khì.

Ka-gī Chuí-siōng Ki-tiûⁿ kóng-hô ê sī, i hōng kiò khì chò tāi-piáu. 12 ê lâng khì hōng lia̍h khì 9 ê, i chiū án-ne lâi hi-seng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân jîn-bu̍t
H
Kiû-bīn

**Kiû-bīn** sī chi̍t khóan tùi-chheng ê kí-hô hêng-thé. Tī sò͘-ha̍k, kiû-bīn sī khong-kan lāi-bīn tiám ê chi̍t khóan cho͘-ha̍p, kiû-bīn téng-thâu só͘-ū ê tiám lóng chham chi̍t-ê kò͘-tēng ê tiám chha kāng-khóan ê kū-lî, chi̍t-ê kū-lî tio̍h-sī kiû-bīn ê pòaⁿ-kèng.
Messier 12

**Messier 12** (M12, NGC 6218) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thian-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Chôa-hu-chō.
Messier 16

**Messier 16** (M16, NGC 6611) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-hûn, tī thian-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Kī-chôa-chō, hoat-hiān ê lâng sī Jean-Philippe de Cheseaux.
Messier 17

**Messier 17** (M17, NGC 6618) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-hûn, tī thian-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Siā-chhiú-chō.
Messier 15

**Messier 15** (M15, NGC 7078) sī chi̍t-ê chhiⁿ-thôan, tī thian-kiû ê ūi-tì tī Pegasos-chō.
Manhattan

**Manhattan**, he̍k **Bān-ha-tùn**, sī New York Chhī jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ siāng koân ê tē-khu; chia m̄a sī i-ê keng-chè, chèng-tī, le̍k-sú kap bûn-hòa tiong-sim. Chit-ê khu mā sī New York Chiu ê **New York Kūn** (*New York County*). I tōa-pō͘-hūn tī Manhattan Tó, hō͘ Hudson, East kap Harlem téng saⁿ tiâu kang pau-ûi. Manhattan ē-tàng koh pun chò Ē-siâⁿ, Tiong-siâⁿ kap Téng-siâⁿ téng saⁿ ê khu-he̍k.

Manhattan tn̂g-kî pī khòaⁿ chò sī thong sè-kài ê bûn-hòa, châi-chèng, mûi-thé kap gû-lo̍k tiong-sim; Liân-ha̍p-kok Chóng-pō͘ mā tī chit-ê khu-he̍k lāi.

Lūi-pia̍t:New York Chhī
Lūi-pia̍t:New York ê kūn
Kim-hiông

**Kim-iông** (kim-hiông), mā ū kóng **châi-chèng** ia̍h **châi-bū**, sī chhú-lí ia̍h gián-kiù chîⁿ ê thàn-chhú kap hun-phòe, jî-chhiáⁿ khó-lū hong-hiám kap sî-kan ê éng-hióng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kim-hiông
Z

**Z** sī Lô-má-jī pâi tē 26 ê jī-bó.

## Kî-thann piáu-sī

## Z tāi-piáu ê ì-sù

## Guā-pōo lên-ket
* 
* 
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Chia̍h-mi̍h

**Chia̍h-mi̍h** (, chia̍h-mn̍gh , bûn-giân-im Si̍t-bu̍t) sī kióng-kip êng-ióng-hun ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, bô kâng-khoán ê tōng-bu̍t só͘ su-iàu ê chia̍h-mi̍h mā bô kâng. Chia̍h-mi̍h ê chia̍h-si̍t nā sī bô-kàu, tio̍h ê sán-seng êng-ióng-put-liông.
Tiuⁿ Chong-jîn

**Tiuⁿ Chong-jîn** (張宗仁) 1915 nî - 1947 nî, Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông (張七郎) ê toā-hàn kiáⁿ. Hōng-lîm Chho͘-tiong, bû-kò͘ hōng lia̍h khì, poàⁿ-mî teh bōng-á-po͘ piⁿ hōng chhèng-sat.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Steven Chu

**Steven Chu** (), Hàn-miâ **Chu Tē-bûn** (朱棣文), sī Bí-kok ê bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka, i in-ūi tùi gôan-chú ê laser léng-khiok ê gián-kiù, kah Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William Daniel Phillips tâng-chê tit-tio̍h 1997 nî ê Nobel Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng. I āu-lâi mā gián-kiù tan-it hun-chú chân-chhù ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k. Steven Chu tī 2009 nî hō͘ Barack Obama thê-miâ chò lêng-goân pō͘-tiúⁿ.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok kho-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lí Jîn-kùi

**Lí Jîn-kùi** (李仁貴) 1900 nî - 1947 nî, Tâi-pak-chhī chham-gī-oân, Jī-jī-pat sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Uî-goân-hoē uî-goân. Kok-bîn-tóng lia̍h-lâng ê sî hông lia̍h--khí, sit-chong.

Lí Jîn-kùi ê chu-liāu khah chió. I bat khui kúi keng kong-si, 1946 nî tòng-soán Tâi-pak-chhī chham-gī-oân. Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê sî, i ka-ji̍p Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ Chhú-lí Úi-goân-hoē chò úi-oân, i mā sī khì Kun-hoat-chhù khoàⁿ Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ ê hiong-chhiú ū lia̍h-khì--lâi bô. 

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t
365 kang

Tī Gregorius Le̍k-hoat lāi-té, nā-sī pêng-nî, 1 nî sī **365 [[kang]]**; nā-sī lūn-nî, 1 nî sī 366 kang (2 goe̍h tióng chhut-lâi chi̍t kang: 2 goe̍h 29 ji̍t).

## nî ê kok-goe̍h kap kok-ji̍t

Lūi-pia̍t:Chi̍t tang ê ji̍t-chí
Tiuⁿ Kó-jîn

**Tiuⁿ Kó-jîn** (張果仁; 1927 nî - 1947 nî), Tiuⁿ Chhit-lông (張七郎) ê tē-saⁿ kiáⁿ, i-seng, bû-kò͘ hōng lia̍h khì, poàⁿ-mî teh bōng-á-po͘ piⁿ hông chhèng-sat.

Lūi-pia̍t:Jī-jī-pat Sū-kiāⁿ siū-lān-chiá