open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pîn-lu̍t-pió

Kè-sǹg gí-giân-ha̍k kóng ê **pîn-lu̍t-pió** (*frequency list*) tō sī kā jī (*word*, *word type*) chiàu pîn-lu̍t (*frequency*) koân-kē lâi pâi, ah pîn-lu̍t tō khoàⁿ hit ê jī tī gí-liāu-khò͘ (*corpus*) chhut-hiān kúi pái lâi sǹg. 

## Eng-gí ê lē

## Pe̍h-oē-jī ê lē
Ē-kha sī 2005 nî 7 goe̍h POJ gí-liāu-khò͘ thóng-kè--chhut-lâi ê pîn-lu̍t. Pîn-lu̍t siōng koân ê 31 ê jī lóng sī toaⁿ-im-chat. 

## Lō͘-ēng
Kè-sǹg gí-giân-ha̍k chha-put-to ta̍k hong-bīn ê gián-kiù lóng tio̍h-ài ū tiān-chú jī-tián (*electronic dictionary*), ah beh chò tiān-chú jī-tián tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài seng ū pîn-lu̍t-pió.

Beh pian kaù-châi, mā tio̍h lī-iōng pîn-lu̍t-pió kā ta̍k ê kai-toāⁿ beh o̍h ê jī kap ē-tit ēng ê jī lia̍t--chhut-lâi, ha̍k-si̍p haū-kó chiah ē khah hó.

Beh pian jī-tián, 10000 jī, 20000 jī, 40000 jī, ... toā-sè pún ê jī-tián beh siu sím-mih jī, pîn-lu̍t-pió mā sī siōng hó ê chham-khó. Án-ne pian--chhut-lâi ê jī-tián chiah ē-tit hù-ha̍p bô-siâng sú-iōng-chiá ê su-iàu.

## Lí-lūn
Hó chhan-chhiūⁿ ta̍k chióng chū-jiân gí-giân ê pîn-lu̍t-pió lóng hù-ha̍p Zipf tēng-lu̍t (*Zipf's law*). 

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Chôan-lô Tâi-gú-bûn sû-pîn thóng-kè chu-liāu
Afro

**Afro** tio̍h-sī **Afro thâu** ê kán-chheng, iā-hō-chò **po̍k-chà-thâu**, **o͘-lâng-thâu**, kap **hui-chiu-thâu**, sī-tī 1970 nî-tāi siōng-kài liû-hêng ê hoat-hêng, siōng te̍k-pia̍t ê só·-chāi tio̍h-sī he tōa koh khiû koh phòng ê thâu-mo·.

## Chham-khó
*
1970 nî-tāi

**1970 nî-tāi** sī 1970 nî kàu 1979 nî ê 10-tang.

## Sū-kiāⁿ kap tiâu-liû
* 1970 nî
* 1971 nî
* 1972 nî
* 1973 nî
** Chio̍h-iû gûi-ki hoat-seng
* 1974 nî
** Watergate sū-kiāⁿ
* 1975 nî
** Microsoft sêng-li̍p
** Oa̍t-lâm chiàn-cheng kiat-sok
* 1976 nî
* 1977 nî
* 1978 nî
* 1979 nî
** Bí-lē-tó sū-kiāⁿ

## Jîn-bu̍t
* Richard Nixon
* Gerald Ford
* Jimmy Carter
* Leonid Brezhnev
* Mô͘ Te̍k-tong
* Willy Brandt
* Helmut Schmidt
* Georges Pompidou
* Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
* Edward Heath
* Harold Wilson
* Elizabeth 2-sè
* Francisco Franco
* Fidel Castro
* Augusto Pinochet
* Ferdinand Marcos
* Muammar al-Qadafi
* Golda Meir
* Yitzhak Rabin
* Menachem Begin
* Anwar al-Sadat
* Yasser Arafat
* Indira Gandhi
* Pol Pot
* Satô Eisaku
* Tanaka Kakuei
* Kim Ji̍t-sêng
* Tēng Siáu-pêng
Jimmy Carter

**James Earl Carter, Jr** () it-poaⁿ lóng kiò ī **Jimmy Carter**. I sī Bí-kok tē 39 jīm ê chóng-thóng. 1977 nî chiū-jīm, 1981 nî sià-jīm.

2002 nî Jimmy Carter ti̍t-tio̍h Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok Chóng-thóng
Lūi-pia̍t:Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng tit-chióng-jîn
Siang-tan-ūi

**Siang-tan-ūi** (*bigram*) tō sī 1 cho͘ ū 2 ê tan-ūi ê chu-liāu, pí-lūn kóng 2 ê jī-bó (*letter*), 2 ê im-chat (*syllable*), iah sī 2 ê jī (*word*). Ēng lâi hun-sek bûn-pún (*text*) kán-tan koh ū-sū-sái. Tòng-chò gí-giân bô͘-sek (*language model*) lâi chò gí-im piān-sek (*speech recognition*) mā kài chán (*Collins*, 1996).  Siang-tan-ūi sǹg sī N-tan-ūi (*N-gram*) ê 1 ê te̍k-lē.

## Hun-lūi
**Làng-phāng siang-tan-ūi** (*Gappy bigram*, *skipping bigram*) kí 2 ê tan-ūi tiong-ng ū làng-phāng, chhiūⁿ kóng làng koè liân-chiap-jī (*connecting word*), iah sī kóng ti oá-loā bûn-hoat (*dependency grammar*) lāi-té beh bô͘-hóng oá-loā ê koan-hē. 

**Thâu-jī siang-tan-ūi** (*Head word bigram*) tō sī 1 chióng ū bêng-khak oá-loā koan-hē ê làng-phāng siang-tan-ūi. 

## Lō͘-ēng
Tī bi̍t-bé-ha̍k (*cryptography*) ū 1 chióng siang-tan-ūi pîn-lu̍t kong-kek (*bigram frequency attack*), lī-iōng pîn-lu̍t hun-sek (*frequency analysis*) lâi kái-phoà àm-bé (*cryptogram*). 

## Lí-lūn
Nā chai-iáⁿ siang-tan-ūi ê ki-lu̍t kap thaû-chêng hit ê tan-ūi ê ki-lu̍t, lán tō ē-tit ēng Bayes tēng-lí (*Bayes' theorem*) lâi sǹg aū-piah hit ê tan-ūi ê tiâu-kiāⁿ ki-lu̍t:

 P(T_n|T_{n-1}) = { P(T_{n-1},T_n) \over P(T_{n-1}) } 

Iā tō sī kóng, nā chai-iáⁿ T_{n-1} ê ki-lu̍t, án-ne T_n ê ki-lu̍t  P()  tō sī siang-tan-ūi ê ki-lu̍t  P(T_{n-1},T_n)  khì tû-í thâu-chêng tan-ūi T_{n-1} ê ki-lu̍t.

## Siong-koan bûn-chiuⁿ
* Digraph
* N-tan-ūi (*N-gram*)
2005 nî 10 goe̍h

__NOTOC__

## 10 goe̍h 31
* Kho-ha̍k-ka ēng Hubble Thài-khong Tiàu-kiàⁿ hoat-kak Mê-ông-chheⁿ (*planet Pluto*) hoān-sè koh ū 2 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ (*natural satellite*). (Reuters/YahooNews)

## 10 goe̍h 5
*2005 nî ê Nobel Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng beh pan hō· Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, kap Theodor W. Hänsch 3 lâng, khéng-tēng in tùi liōng-chú kng-ha̍k ê kòng-hiàn.  (Nobel Ki-kim-hōe)

## 10 goe̍h 3
*2005 nî ê Nobel Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Chióng pan hō· Australia kho-ha̍k-ka Robin Warren kap Barry Marshall.  In hoat-hiān *[[Helicobacter pylori]]* chit-khoán sè-khún, koh chèng-bêng che sī ín-khí ūi, cha̍p-jī-chí-tn̂g khùi-iông ê chú-iàu in-sò·, ē-tàng iōng khòng-seng-sò· tī-liâu.  (BBC)
Khit-chia̍h-oáⁿ

**Khit-chia̍h-oáⁿ** sī 1 chióng Tâi-oân goân-seng ê kio̍k-á, mā hō-chò **Tâi-oân soaⁿ-kio̍k**. Ha̍k-miâ: *Farfugium japonicum formosanum*.

Khit-chia̍h-oáⁿ sī to-nî-seng ê chhaú-á-lūi. 

I ê hoe kap sù-siông khoàⁿ--tio̍h ê kio̍k-á kāng khoán, sī thaû-hêng hoe-sū, i ê hoe-koè sī n̂g--ê.

I ê hio̍h-á ti̍t-chiap ùi kin seⁿ--chhut-lâi, kaū-kaū, to-kak-hêng, chhan-chhiūⁿ phoà--khì ê oáⁿ. Tō sī án-ne, chiah kā hō-chò khit-chia̍h-oáⁿ.

Chhiu--nih tī bô kài koân ê só͘-chāi lóng ē-tit khoàⁿ tio̍h i ê hêng-iáⁿ.
Naypyidaw

**Naypyidaw** (), goân-lâi miâ-jī kiò chò **Pyinmana**, sī Myanmar ê sin siú-to͘.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
* BBC ê sin-bûn pò-tō: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4412502.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4416960.stm
Vilnius

**Vilnius** (Lietuva-gí: **') sī [[Lietuva|Lietuva Kiōng-hô-kok]] [[Vilnius Kūn]] ê chi̍t ê [[Lietuva ê chū-tī-thé|chhī chū-tī-thé]] (**'). Chit-ê chū-tī-thé chóng-kiōng  pêng-hong kong-lí, ē-té ū 21 ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu; tī 2020 nî ê sî-chūn ū  ê lâng tòa.

## Tiúⁿ-ló-khu
Vilnius ē-té ū 21 ê tiúⁿ-ló-khu (**).

## Chham-oa̍t
*Lietuva ê chū-tī-thé

## Chham-khó


Lūi-pia̍t:Vilnius Kūn ê chū-tī-thé
Siú-to͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ

**Siú-to͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ** lia̍t-chhut kok-kok ê siú-to͘. Chit-tiuⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ sī àn-chiàu Lô-má-jī-bó pâi-lia̍t--ê. Chhu-thé piáu-sī léng-thó͘, i-lāi-tē, kap ū-cheng-gī ê tē-khu.
Thn̂g

Lán pêng-sò͘-sî kóng ê **thn̂g** sī chí chià-thn̂g (*sucrose*, *table sugar*, *saccharose*), 1 chióng pe̍h-pe̍h kiat-chiⁿ ê kò͘-thé (*solid*), toaⁿ-thn̂g (*monosaccharide*) ê kiat-kò͘. Siōng chia̍p ēng lâi kái-piàn mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê bī (*flavor*) kap lim--ê (*beverage*) iah sī chia̍h-mi̍h ê sèng-chit (chhiūⁿ kháu-kám (口感), chit-kám (*texture*), pó-chûn kî-hān). Sù-siông ùi kam-chià iah sī tiⁿ-chhài liān--chhut-lâi.

Toaⁿ-thn̂g sī 1 chióng "kán-tan" ê thn̂g-lūi, khó-pí kóng ēng kàⁿ-sò͘ (*enzyme*) iah sī sng (*acid*) ē-tit kā chià-thn̂g hun-kái chò phô-tô-thn̂g (*glucose*), sī seng-bu̍t sè-pau (*cell*) khǹg lêng-goân (*energy*) ê só͘-chāi.

Siang-thn̂g (*disaccharide*) sī lēng-goā 1 chióng kiat-kò͘ khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê thn̂g-lūi.

Ùi chú-chia̍h ê kak-tō͘ lâi khoàⁿ, thn̂g sī 1 chióng chia̍h--khí-lâi bī tiⁿ-tiⁿ ê chia̍h-mi̍h.

Eng-gí ê thn̂g-lūi koàn-sì ēng *-ose* kiat-boé.

Lūi-pia̍t:Iú-ki hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiâu-bī-liāu
Siú-to͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ (Àn-chiàu kok-ka pâi-lia̍t)

**Siú-to͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ** lia̍t-chhu̍t kok-kok ê siú-to͘. Chit-tiuⁿ lia̍t-toaⁿ sī án-chiàu kok-ka pâi-lia̍t--ê.
He̍k-chheⁿ

**He̍k-chheⁿ** (惑星, Eng.: *planet*), he̍k-chiá tha̍k **he̍k-chhiⁿ**, sī tī kúi-tō leh se̍h chheⁿ ê chheⁿ-thé, m̄-koh i pún-sin m̄ sī chheⁿ, mā m̄ sī tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ. He̍k-chheⁿ mā ū lâng kóng chò **hêng-seng** (行星), **hêng-chheⁿ**, **hêng-chhiⁿ**.

Hi-lia̍p-gí kā he̍k-chheⁿ hō-chò *πλανήτης*, *planētēs*, ì-sù sī tī thiⁿ-téng pha-pha-chaú ê lô-hàn-kha.

He̍k-chheⁿ ê tēng-gī chāi-lâi lóng ū cheng-gī, ū-ê thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka kiàn-gī Mê-ông-chheⁿ mài sǹg chò thài-iông-hē ê he̍k-chheⁿ, ū-ê kóng ài koh cheng-ka kaù 15, 20, sīm-chì koh-khah chē. Kok-chè Thian-bûn Chó͘-ha̍p (*International Astronomical Union*) tī 2006 nî koat-gī kā Mê-ông-chheⁿ lia̍t chò é-he̍k-chheⁿ, khiā kóng lán khiā ê thài-iông-hē (*solar system*) ū 8 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ. 

Thài-iông-hē í-goā ū chheⁿ-hē (star system) ū ke̍k-té-chiu-kî he̍k-chheⁿ.

## Thài-iông-hē
### Jīn-tēng ê he̍k-chheⁿ

Chiàu Kok-chè Thian-bûn Chó͘-ha̍p 2006 nî ê koat-gī, thài-iông-hē ū 8 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ. Kap Ji̍t-thaû khah oá--ê pâi tāi-seng:
# Chúi-chheⁿ (thian-bûn hû-hō (*astronomical symbol*) )
# Kim-chheⁿ ()
# Tē-kiû (; siòng-miā hû-hō ) - 1 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ Goe̍h-niû (*Luna*, *Moon*)
# Hoé-chheⁿ () - 2 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ Deimos, Phobos
# Bo̍k-chheⁿ () - 63 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ
# Thó·-chheⁿ () - 56 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ
# Thiⁿ-ông-chheⁿ (; siòng-miā hû-hō ) - 27 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ
# Hái-ông-chheⁿ () - 13 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ

Lēng-goā é-he̍k-chheⁿ:
*Ceres () 
*Mê-ông-chheⁿ (; siòng-miā hû-hō ) - 5 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ
*Eris () - 1 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ
*Haumea () 
*Makemake ()

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* NinePlanets.org - tour of the solar system
* International Astronomical Union
* Solar System Live (an interactive orrery)
* Solar System Viewer  (animation)
* Pictures of the solar system 
* Renderings of the planets 
* NASA Planet Quest 
* Working definition of "planet"  from IAU WGESP — the lower bound remained a matter of consensus in February 2003
* Dan Green's page on planet classification
* Gravity Rules: The Nature and Meaning of Planethood; S. Alan Stern; March 22, 2004
* On the status of Pluto ; IAU, February 3, 1999
Keng-chè

**Keng-chè** sī seng-sán, kau-ōaⁿ, kau-e̍k, liû-thong, hun-phòe téng-téng siā-hōe hiān-siōng ê chong-ha̍p. Choan-bûn géng-kiù keng-chè ê ha̍k-kho sī keng-chè-ha̍k.
Thài-iông-hē

**Thài-iông-hē**  (太陽系) (solar system) tō sī Ji̍t-thaû kap hiah-ê in-ūi tāng-la̍t koan-hē toè tī i piⁿ--á ê chheⁿ-thé (astronomical object). Chú-iàu sêng-oân ū Ji̍t-thaû, 8 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ (planet), kap 165 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ. Chhun--ê mā leh se̍h (orbit) Ji̍t-thaû--ê koh ū é-he̍k-chheⁿ (dwarf planet), sió-he̍k-chheⁿ (asteroid, planetoid), liû-chheⁿ (meteoroid), tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ (comet), kap he̍k-chheⁿ kan ê eng-ia (interplanetary dust).

Ùi 1930 kàu 2006 nî ū 9 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ; IAU tī 2006 nî 8 goe̍h 24 kā Mê-ông-chheⁿ ê tē-ūi kàng-ki̍p pìⁿ é-he̍k-chheⁿ, choaⁿ-á chhun 8 lia̍p.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

* NASA's Solar System Exploration site
* NASA's Solar System Simulator
* NASA/JPL Solar System main page
* Astronomical Enigma Mathematical Order in the orbits of the solar system.
* Solarviews
* Celestia Free 3D realtime space-simulation (OpenGL)
* The Nine Planets Comprehensive solar system site by Bill Arnett
* Planetary data
* Stars and Habitable Planets 
* Solar System An interactive planets animation (145 zoom steps and time effects)
* Timeline of solar system exploration
Poàⁿ-kèng

Chiàu kó͘-tián kí-hô-ha̍k ê kóng-hoat, 1 ê îⁿ (*circle*) iah kiû (*sphere*) ê **1 tiâu poàⁿ-kèng** (半徑) tō sī 1 ê toan-tiám tī îⁿ-sim iah kiû-sim, 1 ê toan-tiám tī îⁿ iah kiû téng-koân ê soàⁿ-koe̍h. Ah nā îⁿ iah kiû ê **poàⁿ-kèng** tō sī hit tiâu soàⁿ-koe̍h ê tn̂g-tō͘. Poàⁿ-kèng sī ti̍t-kèng chi̍t-poàⁿ tn̂g.

Tī kí-hô-ha̍k, kang-têng (*engineering*), tô͘-lūn (*graph theory*), ... khah khok-chhiong ê kóng-hoat, 1 hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, khó-pí kóng îⁿ-thiāu (*cylinder*), tô͘ (*graph*), iah sī ki-hâi ê lêng-kiāⁿ, téng-téng... ê **poàⁿ-kèng** tō sī i ê tiong-sim (*center*) iah te̍k (*axis*) kaù i siōng goā-khaú ê tiám ê kī-lî (*distance*).

## Siong-koan bûn-chiuⁿ
* ti̍t-kèng
* Oan-khiau poàⁿ-kèng (*bend radius*)
Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô͘ Kàu-hōe

**Iâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe** (Eng-gí: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) sī Mô·-bûn-kàu ê chèng-sek ê chheng-ho·. Kàu-hōe ê chóng-pō· tiàm-tī Bí-kok Iû-tha-chiu ê Kiâm-ô·-siâⁿ.

Chhú Kàu-hōe sī se-gôan 1830 nî 4 go̍eh chhe 6, chāi Niú-iok-chiu ê Fayette, iû Joseph Smith chèng-sek sêng-li̍p. Kàu-hōe ê tē-jī jīm hōe-tiúⁿ kah sian-ti Brigham Young î se-gôan 1846 nî tài-niá kàu-hōe ê kàu-iú kàu Kiâm-ô·-siâⁿ. Ba̍k-kim kàu-hōe chāi chôan sè-kài kiōng-iú chhian nn̄g pah bān ê kàu-iú.
Mê-ông-chheⁿ

**Mê-ông-chheⁿ** (; ; hû-hō: ,) sī thài-iông-hē khah goā-khaú-pêng ê 1 lia̍p chheⁿ-thé (*celestial body*). 1930 nî hông hoat-hiān, tòng-chò 1 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ. I ê kúi-tō kap pa̍t lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ bô kâng, ke chin chhu, ū-sî-á koh phēng Hái-ông-chheⁿ khah oá Ji̍t-thaû. 1978 nî chhoē tio̍h i siōng toā lia̍p ê oē-chheⁿ Charon, 2005 nî koh chhoē tio̍h lēng-goā 2 lia̍p khah sè lia̍p ê oē-chheⁿ Nix kap Hydra. Kok-chè Thian-bûn Chó͘-ha̍p (IAU) tī 2006 nî 8 goe̍h thong-koè kā Mê-ông-chheⁿ ê tē-ūi ùi he̍k-chheⁿ kàng-ki̍p kàu é-he̍k-chheⁿ (*dwarf planet*). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5282440.stm

Kap pa̍t lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ sio pí-phēng, Mê-ông-chheⁿ ke chin sè lia̍p, kúi-tō mā chin bô sio-siâng, beh án-choáⁿ kā tēng-ūi chāi-lâi lóng ū cheng-gī. Ná lâi ná chē lâng tông-ì i sī chú-iàu ê he̍k-chheⁿ, iū-koh sī chhù-iàu ê he̍k-chheⁿ. Mê-ông-chheⁿ mā sǹg sī Hái-ông-chheⁿ goā chheⁿ-thé (*trans-Neptunian object*), in-ūi 2005 nî 7 goe̍h 31 chhoē tio̍h 1 lia̍p Hái-ông-chheⁿ goā chheⁿ-thé Eris, phēng Mê-ông-chheⁿ koh-khah toā lia̍p. 

2015 nî, NASA ê thài-khong-chûn New Horizons  óa kīn Mê-ông-chheⁿ, hip liáu iú-sú í-lâi pún chheⁿ siāng chheng-chhó ê siòng-phìⁿ, jî-chhiá hoat-hiān Mê-ông-chheⁿ ê ti̍t-kèng pí goân-lâi só͘ thui-chhek koh khah khoah 80 kong-lí ū.

## Chham-khó

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* NASA's Pluto fact sheet 
* StudyWorks! Online: Is Pluto a Planet?  - summarizes the pros and the cons of classifying Pluto as a planet
* David H. Freedman, "When is a Planet Not a Planet?", *Atlantic Monthly*, February 1998.
* NASA's Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission - launching in early 2006.
* Pluto in Science Fiction  - Bibliography of science fiction which is set on Pluto.
* Pluto/Neptune crossings 
* Space.com article on second and third moons
* NASA's Hubble Reveals Possible New Moons Around Pluto  – Hubble Press Release
* Possible New Moons
Hái-ông-chheⁿ

**Hái-ông-chheⁿ** (, ) sī lī Ji̍t-thaû tē 8 hn̄g ê he̍k-chheⁿ, m̄-koh sam-sî ē chaú kah tē 9 hn̄g khì, in-ūi Mê-ông-chheⁿ ê kúi-tō ū khah te̍k-sû. I mā si Thài-iông-hē siōng goā-khaú, siōng sè lia̍p ê khì-thé toā he̍k-chheⁿ (*gas giant*). Sè bóng sè, Hái-ông-chheⁿ ê chit-liōng khah chē Thiⁿ-ông-chheⁿ, in-ūi tāng-le̍k-tiûⁿ (*gravitational field*) tì-sú i ê bi̍t-tō͘ ū khah koân.

Hái-ông-chheⁿ ê miâ-jī sī toè Lô-má hái-sîn lâi--ê. Tāi-piáu hû-hō sī hái-sîn ê bú-khì saⁿ-chhe-kek (*trident*) . 1846 nî 9 goe̍h 23 hông hoat-hiān. 1989 nî 8 goe̍h 25, Voyager 2 ùi i piⁿ--á poe koè.

Chit lia̍p nâ-sek ê he̍k-chheⁿ chhan-chhiūⁿ Thó͘-chheⁿ mā ū khoân, khah bô ióng-kò͘ tō sī. Voyager 2 hoat-kak chiah-ê khoân ê kiat-kò͘ mā kài oân-chéng. Hái-ông-chheⁿ téng-koân ê hong-sok ē-tit kaù kah 2,000 km/h. Khong-khì lāi-té ū H₂, (*hydrogen*), He₂ (*helium*), kap CH₄ (*methane*, chiau-khì) hō͘ i khoàⁿ--khí-laî nâ-nâ. 1989 nî Voyager 2 poe koè ê sî khoàⁿ tio̍h i ê lâm-poàⁿ-kiû ū 1 ê Toā-o͘-tiám (*Great Dark Spot*), bē-su Bo̍k-ông-chheⁿ ê Toā-âng-tiám, m̄-koh boé-chhiú soah bô--khì. Hái-ông-chheⁿ ū 13 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ, lāi-té 5 lia̍p iáu ū koá cheng-gī. Siōng toā lia̍p ê oē-chheⁿ Triton chin sim-sek, tò-thaû-hiòng ê kúi-tō, Thài-iông-hē siōng-kài léng (38K) ê chheⁿ-thé, N₂ (*nitrogen*, chit-sò͘) kap CH₄ kò͘-sêng ê tāi-khì-chân po̍h-po̍h-po̍h (14 microbar).

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* NASA's Neptune fact sheet 
* MPC's List Of Neptune Trojans
Lī-bī-kì

**Lī-bī-kì** kì-chài kó͘-tāi Í-sek-lia̍t lâng ê chông-pài kap chong-kàu gî-sek ê kui-lē , pau-koat chè-si chāi chip-hêng jīm-bū sî èng-kai chun-sûn ê sè-chek. Pún-su ê chú-tê sī Sîn ê sèng-kiat í-ki̍p Sîn chú-bîn hiong kèng-pài i kap chāi it-poaⁿ seng-o̍ah chiūⁿ só͘ eng-kai chun-siú ê tiâu-lē, chioh-chhú î-chhî tá-men kin Í-sek-lia̍t sèng-kiat ê Sîn chi-kan ê koan-hē. Kî-tiong cha̍p-káu chiuⁿ cha̍p-pat-chat “*ài-jîn jî lí chū-kí*” sī pún-su chòe ū-miâ ê keng-kù.
Bîn-sò͘-kì

**Bîn-sò͘-kì**(民數記) ia̍h-sī **Bîn-sò͘ Kì-lio̍k** (民數記錄), í tiám-sòan Sîn ê chú-“*bîn*” ê “*sò͘*” ba̍k lî tit-miâ. Kì-chài Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng lî-khui Se-nái-soaⁿ, lâi-kàu Sîn sù ná thó-tī ê tang-pō• pian-kài ê le̍k-sú. Pún-su ê í le̍k-sú sū-kiāⁿ iú-koan chek koan-î jîn-kháu phó͘-cha. kî-tiong biâu-siá Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng chāi cho-gū khùn-lân sî, siâng-siâng hōe hoe-sim, ū khióng-khū-kám, pēng-chhiáⁿ pōe-pōan Sîn, bâi-òan Sîn só͘ chhe-phài lâi léng-tō tá-men ê léng-siù Mô͘-se. Che sī chi̍t-pún su̍t-soat Sîn sìn-si̍t ê su. Sui-jiân Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng siông-siông ùi-siok put chêng, ûi-khòng bēng-lēng, tān-sī Sîn sí-chiong kòan-kò͘ tá-men. Pún-su iā-sī thê-kàu Mô͘-se ê phín-chit. I lān-bián ū-sî sit-tiāu nāi-sèng, khiok-sī lêng kian-tēng put-î, sí-chiong jia̍t-ài Sîn, lia̍t-ài jîn-bîn.
Sin-bēng-kì

**Sin-bēng-kì** sī chiông Hi-lia̍p-bûn “*tē-jī pō͘ lu̍t-hoat*” jî-lâi, têng-sin kái-sek, pēng-chhiáⁿ tiông-“*sin*” Se-nái-soaⁿ “*bēng*”-lēng Kì-chài Mô͘-se hiòng Mô-ah hiòng Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng só•chò ê liân-chhòan ê chí-sī. Ná sî-hāu, Í-sek-lia̍t jîn-bîn í-keng ta̍t-kàu bān chhiâng-thêng ê chiong-tiám, chèng chún-pī ī chìn-chiàm Ka-lâm. Pún-su ê chú-tê sī Sîn chín-kiù sù-hok kip I só͘ ài ê sóan-bîn; só͘-í I ê chú-bîn pit-su lô-kì Sîn ê in, ài tha, sūn-ho̍k i, hó pó-liû seⁿ-miā, put-tōan tē bông-siū hok-khì. Tē-la̍k-chiuⁿ tē gō͘-chat: “Lí iàu chīn-sim, chīn-sèng, chīn-la̍t ài Iâ-hô-hoa---lí ê Sîn” sī pún-su ê tiōng-iàu keng-kù.
Iok-su-a-kì

**Iok-su-a-kì** chiū-sī chāi kì-lio̍k Mô͘-se ê kè-sêng-jîn Iok-su-a sut-niá Í-sek-lia̍t lâng chìn-ji̍p Ka-lâm ê keng-kòe. Tiōng-iàu ê sū-kiāⁿ pau-koat tō͘-kòe Iok-tàn-hô, kong-hām Iâ-lī-ko, Ai siâⁿ chiàn-ia̍h, í-ki̍p Sîn í I ê chú-bîn tiông-sin li̍p-iok téng. Pún-su chòe phōe jîn thôan-siōng keng-bûn kiàn tē jī-cha̍p-sì-chiuⁿ cha̍p-gō·-chat:

“Nā sī lín lia̍h ho̍k-sāi Iâ-hô-hoa chòe m̄-hó, kin-á-ji̍t lín tio̍h kéng lín só· beh ho̍k-sāi-ê; khòaⁿ sī lìn lia̍t-chó· tī Tôa-hô hit-pêng só͘ ho̍k-sāi hiah e Siōng-tè, á-sī lín só͘ khiā-khí in ê tōe, A-mô-lī lâng, hiah ê Sîn ah. Lūn-kàu góa kap góa ê ke, góan koat-tòan beh ho̍k-sāi Iâ-hô-hoa”.
Chhòng-sè-kì

Chhòng-sè-kì sī Iû-thài Sèng-keng lu̍t-hoat-su ê thâu chi̍t koàn. Tù-chiá sī Mô-se.
Chhòng-sè-kì sī kì-chài “khí-gôan” ê su. I kì-su̍t í-tiū ê chhòng-chō, jîn-lūi ê khí-gôan, chōe-ok hô jîn-sè khó•-lān ê khai-sí.; tâng-sî kì-su̍t Sîn chóaⁿ-iūⁿ kin jîn-lūi lâi-óng. Chôan-su khó-í hun-ûi lióng pō•-hūn:

* 1. Chi̍t chì cha̍p-it-chiuⁿ kì-su̍t í-tiū ê chhòng-chō hô jîn-lūi chá-kî ê le̍k-sú, pau-koat A-tàng hô Hā-oa, Kai-ín hô A-peh, Nô•-a kah hông-chúi; í-ki̍p Pa-pia̍t-thah téng sū-chek.

* 2. Cha̍p-jī chì gō•-cha̍p-chiuⁿ kì-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t chu sian-chó• ê le̍k-sú. Siú-sian sī í sìn-sim hô sūn-ho̍k tù-chheng ê A-pek-la̍h-hán, chiap-tio̍h sī i ê lâm-jî Í-sat, chú-sun Ngá-koh, hô Ngá-koh ê cha̍p-jī lâm-jî——chiū-sī kò•-sêng Í-sek-lia̍t cha̍p-jī chi -cho̍k ê cho̍k-tiúⁿ——ê le̍k-sú, te̍k-pia̍t tio̍h-tāng Iok-sek ê keng-le̍k í-ki̍p Ngá-koh hô kî-thaⁿ î ê lâm-jî chóaⁿ-ē hê-tòa kòan-sio̍k chiân-óng Ai-ki̍p ki-chū ê kò•-sū.

## Tē-it-chiuⁿ
Kì-chài Siōng-tè chhòng-chō thiⁿ-tē ú-tiū bān-bu̍t ê thâu la̍k-ji̍t.
Thâu-chi̍t-ji̍t, chō kng, hun ji̍t mîⁿ. （SÎ）
Tē-jī-ji̍t, chō kiong-chhong. (KHONG)
Tē-saⁿ-ji̍t, hun tē kah hái, chō si̍t-bu̍t.(MIĀ)
Tē-sì-jit, chō ji̍t, goe̍h kah chhiⁿ-sîn.(KÙI-CHIAT, NÎ-JI̍T, SÒE-GOA̍T)
Tē-gō͘-ji̍t, chō hî kah chiáu.(HIAT-KHÌ)
Tē-la̍k-ji̍t, chō tōng-bu̍t kah lâng.(HIAT-KHÌ vs LÊNG-MIĀ)
   
## Tē-jī-chiuⁿ
Tiōng-ho̍k Siōng-tè chhòng-chō ê tōa-kang, tān-sī kah chiau-tiám chi̍p-tiong tī lâng.
Khí-thâu saⁿ-chat chiap-sòa tē-it-chiuⁿ, siá tē-chhit-ji̍t. Che sī An-hioh-ji̍t ê iû-lâi. 
Soah-lâi kóng-khí chō lâng chìn-chêng ê sè-kài i-ki̍p Siōng-tè ūi lâng só͘ pī-pān ê khoân-kéng, iah-tio̍h-sī Ài-tiān-hn̂g. Siōng-tè chō lâng liáu-āu, beh chhōe chi̍t-ê pang-chān ê lâi phit-phòe i, chóng-sī chhōe bô, só͘-í Siōng-tè ûi chi̍t-ê lâng chō chi̍t-ê cha-bó͘-lâng chòe i ê bó͘.

## Tē-saⁿ-chiuⁿ
Lâng siū ín-iú lâi hoān-chōe. Lâng hoān-chōe liáu-āu hām Siōng-tè ê koan-hē sán-seng ê piàn-hòa. Siōng-tè tùi hoān-chōe liáu-āu ê lâng só͘ hē ê chiù-chó͘ kah têng-hoa̍t.

## Tē-sì-chiuⁿ
A-tong ê nn̄g-ê hāu-siⁿ ê kò͘-sū. Chi̍t ê sī siū Siōng-tè khòaⁿ-kò͘ ê A-pek, lēng-gōa chi̍t ê bô, miâ kiò Kai-ún. Kai-ún in-ūi án-ne lâi Thâi-sí A-pek. Āu-poàn pō͘-hūn kài-siāu nn̄g ê ka-cho̍k, chi̍t ê sī chhiong-móa sio̍k-sè sek-chhái ê Kai-ún ka-cho̍k, chi̍t-ê sī sìn Siōng-tè ê Siat ê ka-cho̍k. Siat sī A-tong ê tē-saⁿ-ê hāu-siⁿ, tī Kai-ún thâi-sí A-pek í-āu só͘ siⁿ.

## Tē-gō͘-chiuⁿ

Siông-sè kì-chài A-tong ka-cho̍k cha̍p-tāi ê thâu-chiūⁿ-siⁿ. Tē-cha̍p-tāi sī Na-a.                                                                          

## Tē-la̍k-chiuⁿ
In-ūi lâng sim-lāi só͘ siūⁿ ê liām-thâu ta̍k-ji̍t lóng sī pháiⁿ, Siōng-tè beh ēng Tōa-chúi châu-bia̍t tōe-chiūⁿ ê siok jio̍k-thé ê oa̍h-mih. Siōng-tè hoan-hù Na-a chō tōa-chûn, lâi pó-chûn in chi̍t-ke kap chi̍t-kóa tōng-bu̍t ê sìⁿ-miā.
Chhut-Ai-ki̍p-kì

**Chhut-Ai-ki̍p-kì** ê pún-ì sī “chhut-lō·” kì, cháiⁿ Í-sek-lia̍t le̍k-sú chiūⁿ chòe iàu ê sū-kiāⁿ, chiū-sī Í-sek-lia̍t jîn-bîn ê chhut-lō pái-thoat liáu Ai-ki̍p ê lô·-ia̍h. Chôan-su lāi-iông pau-koat:

* Chi̍t: Hi-pek-lâi-cho̍k pái-thoat Ia-ki̍p ê lô·-ia̍h.

* Nn̄g: óng sai-ta-soaⁿ khì ê lí-tô·. 

* Saⁿ: Sîn chāi Se-nái-soaⁿ kin I ê chú-bîn li̍p-iok, sù geh tá-men tō-tek, bîn-sū, hô chong-kàu ê lu̍t-hoat.
Kim-chheⁿ

**Kim-chheⁿ** (; ), sī lī Ji̍t-thâu tē-2 hn̄g ê he̍k-chheⁿ. I sī tē-kiû-hêng he̍k-chheⁿ, toā-sè kap kiat-kò͘ lóng chin chhan-chhiūⁿ tē-kiû, ū lâng kóng i sī Tē-kiû ê "chí-moē he̍k-chheⁿ". He̍k-chheⁿ ê kúi-tō lóng sī tn̂g-ko-îⁿ , m̄-koh Kim-chheⁿ--ê siōng îⁿ, i ê lī-sim-lu̍t bô kaù 1%. 

Kim-chheⁿ phēng Tē-kiû khah oá Ji̍t-thâu, kiàn khoàⁿ tō kap ji̍t-thâu kāng hong-hiòng, tio̍h àm-thaû-á iah beh thiⁿ-kng hit kúi tiám-cheng chiah khoàⁿ ē-tio̍h. Kim-chheⁿ ê khan-tn̂g-kak (*elongation*) ke̍k-ke sī 47.8°. Kim-chheⁿ kng ê sî ji̍t-·sî mā khoàⁿ ē tio̍h; chit chióng ji̍t-·sî khoàⁿ ē-tit tio̍h--ê chóng-á-kiōng-á Goe̍h-niû kap Kim-chheⁿ niâ. 

## Miâ-chheng
Kim-chheⁿ tī Tiong-kok mā hō-chò **Khé-bêng-chheⁿ** (啓明星), **Thài-pe̍k-chheⁿ** (太白星), tī se-iûⁿ mā hō-chò **Thàu-chá-chheⁿ** (*Morning Star*), iah sī **Àm-thâu-chheⁿ** (*Evening Star*). Àm-sî chún-nā khoàⁿ tio̍h Kim-chheⁿ, i koat-tēng sī Goe̍h-niû lia̍h-goā thiⁿ-téng siōng-kài kng ·ê.

## Chham-khó
Sū-su-kì

**Sū-su** sī Í-sek-lia̍t le̍k-sú chiūⁿ ê bîn-cho̍k eng-hiông. Sū-su-kì kì-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t lâng chìn-ji̍p Ka-lâm āu kàu kiàn-li̍p-khí ông-kok chit chi̍t-tōaⁿ hun-lōan sî-kî ê le̍k-sú. Chit tōaⁿ le̍k-sú í cha̍p-jī ê bîn-cho̍k eng-hiông ê kong-chek chok-ûi tiong-sim; i se̍k-siàu sī kun-sū léng-siù. Kî-tiong pí-kàu chhut-miâ ê sī Chham-sun  Pún-su chú-tê chāi soat-bêng Í-sek-lia̍t ê seng-chûn iú i-lāi î tùi Sîn ê tiong-sim. Im tùi Sîn put tiong-sêng, óng-óng chio--lâi chai-hō; tān-sī tng im hóe-kái chài-chhù kui- hiòng  Sîn ê sî-hāu, I chiū sûi-sî jiâu-sù, chín-kiù im.
Kok-ka lia̍t-toaⁿ

Pún lia̍t-toaⁿ sī àn-chiàu Lô-má jī-bó pâi--ê kok-ka lia̍t-toaⁿ.

## A
*A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok
*Abkhazia
*Afghanistan
*Ai-ki̍p
*Ài-ní-lân
*Albania
*Algeria
*Andorra
*Angola
*Antigua kap Barbuda
*Argentina
*Armenia
*Artsakh
*Azerbaijan

## B
*Bahamas
*Bahrain
*Bangladesh
*Barbados
*Be̍k-se-ko
*Belarus
*Belize
*Benin
*Bhutan
*Bí-kok
*Bolivia
*Bông-kó͘
*Bosna kap Hercegovina
*Botswana
*Bulgaria
*Bûn-lâi
*Burkina Faso
*Burundi

## C
*Cabo Verde
*Cameroon
*Canada
*Chesko
*Chad
*Chhiah-tō Guinea
*Chile
*Colombia
*Comoros
*Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok
*Congo Kiōng-hô-kok
*Costa Rica
*Côte d'Ivoire
*Croatia
*Cuba

## D
*Djibouti
*Dominica
*Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok

## E
*Ecuador
*El Salvador
*Eritrea
*Estonia
*Eswatini
*Ethiopia

## F
*Fiji

## G
*Gabon
*Gambia
*Ghana
*Grenada
*Gruzia
*Guatemala
*Guinea
*Guinea-Bissau
*Guyana

## H
*Haiti
*Hi-lia̍p
*Hoat-kok
*Honduras
*Hông-gâ-lī
*Hui-li̍p-pin
*Hun-lân

## I
*Í-sek-lia̍t
*Í-tāi-lī
*Ìn-nî
*Ìn-tō͘
*Iok-tàn
*Iran
*Iraq

## J
*Jamaica
*Ji̍t-pún

## K
*Kán-po͘-chē
*Kazakhstan
*Kenya
*Kiribati
*Kosovo
*Ku-pí-lō͘
*Kuwait
*Kyrgyzstan

## L
*Lâm-hui-kok
*Lâm Ossetia
*Lâm Sudan
*Latvia
*Lesotho
*Lī-pa-lùn
*Liâu-kok
*Liberia
*Libya
*Liechtenstein
*Lietuva
*Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok
*Lō͘-se-a
*Lo̍k-ui-kok
*Luxembourg

## M
*Madagascar
*Má-lâi-se-a
*Malawi
*Maldives
*Mali
*Malta
*Marshall Kûn-tó
*Mauritania
*Mauritius
*Micronesia Liân-pang
*Moldova
*Monaco
*Montenegro
*Morocco
*Mozambique
*Myanmar

## N
*Namibia
*Nauru
*Nepal
*New Zealand
*Nicaragua
*Niger
*Nigeria

## O
*Ò-chiu
*O-lân
*Ò-tē-lī
*Oa̍t-lâm
*Oman

## P
*Pa-se
*Pak Ku-pí-lō͘
*Pak Macedonia
*Pakistan
*Palau
*Palestine
*Panama
*Papua New Guinea
*Paraguay
*Perú
*Pe̍k-ní-gī
*Peng-tó
*Pho-lân
*Phû-tô-gâ

## Q
*Qatar

## R
*Romania
*Rwanda

## S
*Samoa
*Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok
*Saint Kitts kap Nevis
*Saint Lucia
*Saint Vincent kap Grenadines
*San Marino
*São Tomé kap Príncipe
*Saudi A-la-pek
*Se-pan-gâ
*Senegal
*Seychelles
*Serbia
*Sierra Leone
*Sin-ka-pho
*Slovakia
*Slovenia
*Só͘-lô-bûn Kûn-tó
*Somalia
*Somaliland
*Sri Lanka
*Sudan
*Su-lī-a
*Sūi-se
*Sūi-tián
*Suriname

## T
*Tan-be̍h
*Tāi-hân Bîn-kok
*Tâi-oân
*Tajikistan
*Tang Timor
*Tanzania
*Thài-kok
*Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
*Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok
*Tiong-kok
*Tek-kok
*Thó͘-ní-kî
*Togo
*Tonga
*Transnistria
*Trinidad kap Tobago
*Tunisia
*Turkmenistan
*Tuvalu

## U
*Uganda
*Ukraina
*Uruguay
*Uzbekistan

## V
*Vanuatu
*Vaticano
*Venezuela

## Y
*Yemen

## Z
*Zambia
*Zimbabwe
Pak-hái

**Pak-hái** (Eng-gí: *North Sea*) sī oá Tāi-se-iûⁿ ê 1-ê hái, óa tī Hô-lân ê pak-pêng, Eng-kok ê tang-pêng, Ná-ui ê lâm-pêng kap Tan-be̍h ê sai-pêng. Miâ sī Hô-lân-lang hō--ê. Kap pún-té tī Hô-lân ū ê Lâm-hái chò-tuì. Āu-lâi Hô-lân chèng-hú ū khí A-hú-luh Poh-hoāⁿ (Hô-lân-gí: ''Afsluitdijk''), kā Pak-hái kap Lâm-hái keh--khui, tì-sú Lâm-hái ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á chiáⁿ--khì. Lo̍h-bóe Lâm-hái ū hun-chò Ài-soh Ô͘ (Hô-lân-gí: ''IJsselmeer''), Má-koh Ô͘ (Hô-lan-gí: ''Markermeer'') kap thūn hái chò--chhut-lâi ê Hu-lé-hō͘-lân Séng (Hô-lan-gí: ''Flevoland'').
Tāi-chiòng hun-lūi-hoat

**Tāi-chiòng-hun-lūi-hoat** (*folksonomy*) chí Internet iōng-chiá sûi-sî chū-iû hoat-bêng ê hun-lūi-hoat, iōng lâi kóan-lí in chih-chiap ê bāng-lō· chu-gôan. Te̍k-pia̍t sī siā-hōe-sèng su-chhiam (*social bookmarking*) ho̍k-bū só· chhái-iōng ê phiau-chhiam (*tagging*) hun-lūi ki-su̍t. Siā-hōe-sèng nńg-thé kong-khai chiah-ê hun-lūi hō· lâng chih-chiap in só· tāi-piáu ê chu-goân. Sú-iōng tāi-chiòng-hun-lūi-hoat ê siā-hōe-sèng nńg-thé pau-koah del.icio.us, Furl, Flickr téng-téng.

Tāi-chiòng-hun-lūi-hoat ê goân-bûn sī *folksonomy*, ì-sù sī lâng (*folks*) hūn-lūi koán-lí ê hoat-tō· (*taxonomy*).

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-náu bāng-lō͘
Lūi-pia̍t:Hun-lūi-hoat
Stockholm

**Stockholm** (**** []) sī Sverige Ông-kok ê siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī.


Stockholm-246-Schiffstour-Noerr Maelarstrand-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-240-Rathaus-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-236-Rathaus-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-336-Marten Trotzigs Grand-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-344-Storkyrkan-Schloss-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-388-Storkyrkan-Drachentoeter Georg-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-550-Maedels-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-394-Roedbodtorget-2005-gje.jpg
Stockholm-398-Skeppsholmen-2005-gje.jpg
Sat-bó͘-jíⁿ-kì

**Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì-chiūⁿ**  ê chú-tê kin Kū-iok  kî-thaⁿ ê le̍k-sú-su sio-tâng, to kiông-tiāu tùi Sîn tiong-sêng chiū pit-tēng sêng-kong, lî ûi-pōe Sîn ê bēng-lēng pit-tēng cho-iàⁿ. Chit chi̍t-tiám chāi Sîn kip Í-lī ê sìn-chū tiong chheng-chhó tē chí-chhut: “*in-ūi chun-tiōng Góa ê, Góa beh chun-tiōng I, biáu-sī Góa ê, i beh siū khòaⁿ-khin*”. Pún-su sū-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t jîn-bîn tùi kiàn-li̍p ông-kok chit-ê sū-kiāⁿ ê ho̍k-cha̍p chêng-sū. Iâ-hô-hoa sī Í-sek-lia̍t ê si̍t-chè kun-ông,  tān-sī ûi-liáu bóan-chiok jîn-bîn ê gōan-bōng, Iâ-hô-hoa ûi im sóan-li̍p chi̍t-ê kun-ông. Sū-si̍t siāng kok-ông (Sò-lô) kap jîn-bîn to siū Sîn ê lu̍t-hoat hā, só·-iú jîn-bîn to siū sio-tâng ê thāi-gū.

**Sat-bó·-jíⁿ-kì-hā** sī chiūⁿ kòan ê sio̍k-phiⁿ, kì-su̍t Tāi-pi̍t chok ông ê le̍k-sú chiông i thóng-tī lâm-hong ê Iû-tāi khai-sí kàu i thóng-tī chôan-kok pau-koat pak-hong ê Í-sek-lia̍t ûi-chí. Tāi-pi̍t ê seng-pêng kah i hui-hông ê kong-gia̍p kip Í-sek-lia̍t lâng lâu-hā liáu chhim-khek ê yìn-chhiūⁿ. In-chhú chāi āu-sè, múi-chhù tang kok-ka cho-gū chai-lān, jîn-bîn khoah-bāng hiân-kun chhut-lâi kái-kiù sî-kan, im to kî-bōng chiông Tāi-pi̍t ê chú-sun tiong-kan ū ná-chhiūⁿ siōng Tāi-pi̍t ê chi̍t-ūi léng-siù chhut-hiān.
Lia̍t-ông-kì

**Lia̍t-ông-kì** (列王記), iā ū hō **Lia̍t-ông-kí** (-紀), he̍k-chiá **Lia̍t-ông Kì-lio̍k**, chiūⁿ-hā lióng kòan só· kì-su̍t móe chi̍t-ê ông ê le̍k-sú to í i sī-bò· tùi Sîn chīn-tiong ûi phiau-chún. Tùi Sîn chīn-tiong, kok-ka chiu-ē heng-sēng; pài ngó·-siōng, ûi-pōe Sîn ê bēng-lēng, kok-ka chiu bông-siū hō-hōan. Pak Í-sek-lia̍t Ông-kok ê chu-ông to keng put khí khó-giām, Lâm Iû-tāi Ông-kok chu-ông ê kì-lio̍k iú bí-hó ê iā-sī ū pāi-hōai ê. Lia̍t-ông-kí chiūⁿ-kòan tiong-kan, Iâ-hô-hoa ê sian-ti chiàm-iú tiōng-iàu ê tē-ūi. Im ióng-kám tē tāi Sîn hoat-giân, kéng-kò jîn-bîn put-khó chông-pài ngó·-siōng, put-khó ûi-pōe Sîn ê bēng-lēng. Kî-tiong thôan-siōng chòe kóng ê sī Í-lī-a kin Pa-le̍k ê ké-sian-ti im tàu-cheng ê kì-su̍t.

Lia̍t-ông-kí hā-kòan kè-sio̍k kì-su̍t Í-sek-lia̍t lâm-pak lióng ông-kok ê le̍k-sú. Í-sek-lia̍t hô Iû-tāi cho-siū giâm-tiōng ê kok-lān sī in-ūi lióng kok kun- ông kah jîn-bîn·tùi Sîn put tiong-sim. Iâ-lō·-sat-léng̍ phōe húi-bia̍t kah Iû-tāi jîn-bîn phōe hòng-tio̍k si̍t ûi Í-sek-lia̍t le̍k-sú chiūⁿ chòe tiōng-iàu ê chóan-le̍h tiám. Pún-su tiong chòe thu̍t-chhut ê sian-ti sī Í-lī-a ê kè-sêng-jîn Í-lī-sa
Lō͘-tek-kì

**Lō·-tek-kì** sī chi̍t-phiⁿ khó-í ko-siōng, un-hiong tōng-jîn ê kò·-sū, Sū-su-kì só· kì-chài ê hōan-lān sî-kî ûi pòe-kéng, biâu-su̍t chi̍t-tōaⁿ le̍k-sú ê chhah-khek. Sū-su-kì ū put-siáu kò·-sū kì-su̍t Sîn ê jîn-bîn chāi lī-khì Sîn sî-hāu cho-gū kàu ê chai-lān. Lō·-tek ê kò·-sū khioh biâu-siá gōa-kok-lâng kui-hiòng Í-sek-lia̍t ê Siōng-tè in-jî bông-siū hok-khì, piàn-sêng Sîn tiong-sim chú-bîn ê chi̍t pō·-hūn.

## Pún-su Tê-iàu
* Ná-o-bí kap Lō·-tek hóan-hê Pek-lī-hêng. (Chi̍t-chiuⁿ: Chi̍t kàu 22-chat)

* Lō·-tek gū-siāng Pho-a-su. (Nn̄g-chiuⁿ: Chi̍t-chat kàu Saⁿ-chiuⁿ :18-chat)

* Pho-a-su kin Lō·-tek kiat-hun (Sì-chiuⁿ: Chi̍t-kàu 22-chat)
Chúi-chheⁿ

**Chúi-chheⁿ** (, ) sī siōng oá Ji̍t-thâu ê he̍k-chheⁿ, Thài-iông-hē lāi-té tē 2 sè lia̍p--ê. Chúi-chheⁿ ê chheⁿ-téng (*apparent magnitude*) ùi -0.4 kaù 5.5, i ê khan-tǹg-kak (*elongation*) ke̍k-ke 28.3°, ài phú-hoáⁿ-kng (*twilight*) ê sî chiah khoàⁿ ē-tit tio̍h. Lán tùi Chúi-chheⁿ iáu bô siáⁿ liáu-kái, 1974 kaù 1975 hit chūn thài-khong-chûn (*spacecraft*) Chúi-hu 10 (*Mariner 10*) bat oá-kīn, m̄-koh chiah khoàⁿ tio̍h 40%-45% niā.

Chúi-chheⁿ kap Goe̍h-niû chin sio-siâng, goā-piáu lóng sī chheⁿ-chi̍oh-khut. I bô oē-chheⁿ mā bô tāi-khì-chân, m̄-koh ū 1 ê toā thih-sim, chō-chiâⁿ ê chû-tiûⁿ chha-put-to Tē-kiû--ê 1% hiah kiông. Chúi-chheⁿ piáu-bīn ê un-tō͘ ùi 90 kaù 700 K, chiàⁿ-ji̍t-thaû-kha (*subsolar*) siōng joa̍t, oá lâm-pak-ke̍k (*poles*) ê chheⁿ-chio̍h-khut ê khut-á-té siōng léng.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* NASA's Mercury fact sheet 
* 'BepiColombo', ESA's Mercury Mission
* 'Messenger', NASA's Mercury Mission
* SolarViews.Com
* Atlas of Mercury - NASA
Kin-chio

**Kin-chio**/**Keng-chio** sī chi̍t-chióng jia̍t-tài tē-khu chhut-sán ê kóe-chí. Kin-chio ê gôan-sán-tē si Tang-lâm-a, hiān-chú-sî sán-liōng khah-chē ê kok-ka ū Pa-se, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ìn-tō͘, Ìn-nî, Hui-li̍p-pin, Oa̍t-lâm, Tâi-oân, Thài-kok, Tiong-kok, Má-lâi-se-a, Ecuador téng-téng.

## Hêng-thài
Chháu-pún si̍t-bu̍t, chiàⁿ-káng ê keng té-té, khòaⁿ khí-lâi ná chhiū-á ê sī ké-keng, sī chit-chàn koh chit-chàn kâu koh pûi ê hio̍h-ha̍h pau kah ăn-ân lâi seng-sêng. Koân iok-lio̍k ū 2-3 kong-chhioh, hio̍h-á sī tōa-phìⁿ ê kaⁿ-ná hêng, hoe sī ùi téng-thâu siⁿ-chhut, oân-choân siⁿ-chhut liáu-āu ōe sûi--lo̍h-lâi, hoe ū bú--ê, kang--ê, kap toing-sèng hoe, chiuⁿ-kó chiâⁿ chi̍t kōaⁿ, hō-chòe kó-pâng, hun-chân pâi-lia̍t, ta̍k-chân hō-chòe kó-pá á-sī kó-chhiú, téng-bīn ê kó-si̍t chhiūⁿ chńg-thâu-á, hō-chòe kó-cháiⁿ, tō sī tāi-ke chia̍h ê chi̍t-ngeh kin-chio, kin-chio ê chéng-chí lóng thè-hòa.
 
## Le̍k-sú
Kin-chio ê goân sán-tōe ū kúi-nā-ê kóng-hoat, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi Tang-lâm-a ê long-bîn siōng-chá chèng-chok 「Sió-kó Iá-seng kin-chio」（**）, koh kā I thòaⁿ kàu Tang-lâm-a ê sai-pak pêng, kap goân-seng tī Ìn-tō͘ tang-pō͘ kàu Chi-ná Hôa-lâm hit-kho͘-ûi-á ê 「Iá-seng kin-chio」 cha̍p-kau, hêng-sêng kin-chio chit-khoán phín-chéng, koh hông ín-chìn kàu sè-kài kok-tōe, hêng-sêng hiān-tāi to-chióng jîn-kang chai-pôe phín-hē .

Khó-kó͘ ha̍k-ka pat tī taⁿ ê  Papua New Guinea kéng-lāi hoat-hiān chèng kin-chio ê ûi-chí, kàu-taⁿ iok ū chhiau-kè 5,000 nî ê le̍k-sú, koh tī Se-Hui Cameroon hoat-hiān ū chhiau-kè chheng-nî le̍k-sú ê kin-chio chéng-chok ûi-chí. Só͘-í Papua New Guinea、Tang-lâm-a kap Se-Hui iân-hōaⁿ sī bo̍k-chiân só͘ chai-iáⁿ siōng-chá ê kin-chio goân sán-tōe, m̄-koh mā-ū khó-lêng ū kî-thaⁿ ê goân sán-tōe . Tī Hoat-kiàn Sî-tāi,  Phû-tô-gâ-lâng ùi Se-Hui kā kin-chio chah kàu Bí-chiu chéng-chok, sî sī cha̍p-la̍k sè-kí. Tī jī-cha̍p sè-kí chiok tn̂g ê sî-kan, Tiong Bí-chiu kap Lâm Bí-chiu hit-tah, sī sè-kài siōng chú-iàu ê kin-chio chèng-chok kok-ka, chhut-kháu khì Au-chiu kap Pak-bí.

Ē-sái-kóng chha-put-to só͘-ū ê kin-chio lóng sī pún cha̍p-kau-chéng ê Polyploidy chai-pôe phín-chéng. Ē-sái khak-jīn siōng-chá sī Tang-lâm-a jîn-bîn khai-sí cha̍p-kau chèng kin-chio. 

### Tâi-oân Kin-chio Chai-chèng Le̍k-sú
Tâi-oân sú-chiân sî-kî, soaⁿ-khu ê iá-seng kin-chio iáu-bē hông chhī-koai, tong-tōe ê goân-chū-bîn iā bô chèng-chok ê kì-chài. Tâi-oân Hô-lân thóng-tī sî-kî khai-sí u, sui-bóng ū lio̍k-lio̍k-á chhī-koai, m̄-koh sī sit-pāi--ê. Tang-lêng-kok ín-chìn pō͘-hūn lâm-iûⁿ ê phín-chéng, sòa—lo̍h-lâi khai-sí seng-sán. Kàu [Chheng-kok] ê sî í-keng tōa-liōng chhut-sán, sīm-chì chiâⁿ-chòe hiàn-hō͘ hông-sek ê kòng-phín. [Tâi-oân Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi, Jit-pún-lâng khai-sí kái-liông, kā goân-seng-chéng kap āu-lâi-chéng phah-chéng, chiâⁿ-chòe Ji̍t-pún iōng-lâi chhut-kháu ê hó mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Chiàn-āu, kin-chio tī gōa-siau téng-bīn bat thòe Tâi-oân thàn tōa-liōng gōa-hōe, hō͘ Tâi-oân ióng-iú「Kin-chio Ông-kok」ê hó miâ-siaⁿ.
Tâi-oân ê chú-iàu kin-chio sán-tōe tī Ko-hiông-chhī ê Kî-san khu、Namasia-khu、Lāi-mn̂g-khu；Tâi-lâm-chhī ê San-siōng-khu、Pîn-tong-koān kap Tâi-tang-koān, kap long-bîn ka-kī chèng-chok 。

## Chham-khó
Hóe-chheⁿ

**Hóe-chheⁿ** (, ), mā tha̍k chò Hé-chhiⁿ, Hér-chhiⁿ, sī lán Thài-iông-hē tē 4 oá Ji̍t-thaû ê he̍k-chheⁿ. I khoàⁿ--khí-lâi âng-âng, choâⁿ-á mā hông kiò-chò **Âng He̍k-chheⁿ** (*The Red Planet*). Hoé-chheⁿ ū 2 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ, Phobos kap Deimos, lóng sè-sè lia̍p, hêng koh ku-koài, pún-té eng-tong sī sió-he̍k-chheⁿ. 

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

* NASA's Mars fact sheet 
* Nine Planets Mars page
* MarsNews.com - News and info site
* Introduction to Martian topography, with Hubble Space Telescope photos 
* FU Berlin: HRSC (camera) experiment at Mars Express (eng. & ger.; press releases and high resolution images)
* Technical Notes about Time on Mars
* On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet 1958-1978 from the NASA History Office.
* The Mars Society flag
* A Trip Into Space Photos and descriptions of Mars
* Martian Law - a CATO white paper
* Mars Unearthed - Comparisons of terrains between Earth and Mars
* 3D VRML Mars globe

### Hoé-chheⁿ ê chúi
* Highly visible ice lake found on Mars - BBC
* Dr. Tony Phillips: "Making a Splash on Mars" , *Science@[[NASA]]* article, June 29, 2000. Phillips describes the Martian "gullies" and explains the conditions under which liquid water can exist on the surface of Mars.
* BBC News story on subsurface ice deposits on Mars
* BBC News update on Mars Express' findings of polar water ice and water-eroded features on the surface
* Mars Rover Scientists Wring Water Story from Rocks  This image taken by Mars Rover *Opportunity* shows microscopic rock forms indicating past signs of water.  Courtesy: NASA
* BBC News Mars pictures reveal frozen sea

### Hoé-chheⁿ thàm-hiám

* The Political Economy of Very Large Space Projects (Journal Of Evolution and Technology)
* exploreMarsnow Interactive Mars base simulation. Winner of 2003 Webby Award for Science.
* NASA Mars Exploration Rover Home Page
* Be on Mars Anaglyphs from the Mars Rovers (3D)

### Chham-khó chu-liāu

* William Sheehan, ''The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery'' , The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1996
* Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky, Jean-Pierre Maillard, Tobias C. Owen, "Detection of Methane in the Martian Atmosphere:  Evidence for Life "
A-chiu Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok Hōe

**A-chiu Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Keng-chè Ha̍p-chok Hōe** (Eng-gí: *Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation* ; kán-chheng: **APEC**) sī 1989 nî sêng-li̍p ê kok-chè cho͘-ha̍p.

## Hoe-gôan-kok

APEC ū 21-ê hōe-gôan-kok.

* Hoat-khí: 1989 nî 11 go̍eh
** Aotearoa
** Australia
** Bí-kok
** Brunei
** Canada
** Hui-li̍p-pin
** Hân-kok 
** Ìn-nî
** Ji̍t-pún
** Má-lâi-se-a
** Singapore
** Thài-kok

* 1991 nî 11 go̍eh ka-ji̍p
** Hiong-káng: hōe-gôan-miâ sī *Hong Kong, China*
** Tâi-oân: hōe-gôan-miâ sī *Chinese Taipei*
** Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok 

* 1993 nî 11 go̍eh ka-ji̍p
** México 
** Papua Sin Guinea
 
* 1994 nî 11 go̍eh ka-ji̍p
** Chile 

* 1998 nî 11 go̍eh ka-ji̍p
** Lō͘-se-a
** Oa̍t-lâm
** Peru
Bo̍k-chheⁿ

**Bo̍k-chheⁿ** (, ) sī lán Thài-iông-hē siōng toā lia̍p ê he̍k-chheⁿ, ùi Ji̍t-thaû sǹg--chhut-lâi tē 5 lia̍p. Ū lâng kóng Thài-iông-hē tō-sī Ji̍t-thaû, Bo̍k-chheⁿ, kap chi̍t-koá ū--ê bô--ê iù-sap-á. Ū lâng khoàⁿ Bo̍k-chheⁿ ū chiâⁿ kiông ê tāng-le̍k-chéⁿ (*gravity well*), tō kā kiò-chò **[[Thài-iông-hē]] ê khip-tîn-khì**. Bo̍k-chheⁿ, Thó͘-chheⁿ, Thiⁿ-ông-chheⁿ, kap Hái-ông-chheⁿ chit 4 lia̍p khì-thé toā he̍k-chheⁿ (*gas giant*) ū-sî-chūn hông kiò-chò "Jovian he̍k-chheⁿ" (*Jovian planet*). Bo̍k-chheⁿ ê thian-bûn hû-hō sī .

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

* NASA's Jupiter fact sheet 
* A Trip Into Space Data and photos on Jupiter
*  Jupiter's Inner Moons 
* 3D VRML Jupiter globe and it's satellites Io, Callisto, Europa and Ganymede

## Chham-khó
* Bagenal, F. & Dowling, T. E. & McKinnon, W. B. (Eds.). (2004). *Jupiter: The planet, satellites, and magnetosphere*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thian-ông-chheⁿ

**Thian-ông-chheⁿ** (, ) sī Ji̍t-thâu sǹg--koè-lâi tē 7 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ. I mā sī 1 lia̍p khì-thé toā he̍k-chheⁿ (*gas giant*), ti̍t-kèng tē 3 tn̂g, chit-liōng (*mass*) tē 4 toā. Chheⁿ-siòng hû-hō sī , thian-bûn hû-hō si .

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* NASA's Uranus fact sheet 
* Keck pictures of Uranus show best view from the ground  -- Press release with some photographs showing rings, satellites and clouds
Hello Kitty

**Hello Kitty** (Ji̍t-gí: ハローキティ) sī Ji̍t-pún kong-si Sanrio chhòng-chok ê ang-á-niau chō-hêng, siong-koan ê sán-phín taⁿ tī sè-kài chē-chē só·-chāi lóng ū teh sî-kiâⁿ. Hello Kitty ê sán-phín it-poaⁿ sī hún-âng-á-sek, téng-bīn ū 1-chiah pe̍h báng-gah niau ê ang-á, niau-á ê thâu kat 1-ê ô·-tia̍p-kat. Niau-á bīn bô oē chhùi sī Hello Kitty ê te̍k-teng chi-it. Hello Kitty tī 1976 nî chù-chheh pán-kôan, hiān-chú-sî sī thong lâng chai ê 1-ê siang-phiau.
Ngeh-kó

**Ngeh-kó** (Hàn-jī: 莢果; Eng-gí: Legume) sī koé-chí ê 1 khoán, chia-ê koé-chí mā hō **tāu-á-lūi**, kui-sio̍k-tī tan-seng-kó, sī tāu-kho si̍t-bu̍t te̍k-sû ê koé-chí lūi-hêng. Ngeh-kó sī ùi ko·-chi̍t-ê sim-phôe ê chú-pâng hoat-io̍k lâi--ê, sêng-se̍k ê sî-chūn tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ tùi kha-chiah-phiaⁿ kap pak-tó· nn̄g-pêng ê li̍h-phāng li̍h--khùi, chió-sò· ē tùi chéng-chí kap chéng-chí chi-kan ê chat tn̄g-lia̍t, āu-chiá iū-koh kiò-chò **chiat-ngeh-kó** (節莢果).

Chin-chē ngeh-kó kap kî-tiong pau-hâm ê chéng-chí hō· jîn-lūi the̍h-lâi tòng-chò chhài-se, niû-si̍t, he̍k hàn-io̍h sú-iōng. 

Chhiūⁿ toā-tāu, hô·-lîn-tāu, hōng-hông-bo̍k, iûⁿ-tê-kak、chhì-tông、siuⁿ-si-á、chúi-lâu-tāu (水黃皮)、盾柱木、阿勃勒、chheⁿ-lêng-bo̍k (印度紫檀) chia ê si̍t-bu̍t ê koé-chí lóng-sī ngeh-kó.
Beaujolais nouveau

**Beaujolais nouveau** (Hôa-gí: 薄酒萊新酒 **Po̍h-chiú-lâi Sin Chiú**) sī 1 khoán iōng Gamay phû-tô kek chhut-lâi ê phû-tô-chiú, chhut-sán tī Hoat-kok Beaujolais tē-khu.  Chit-khoán chiú tiāⁿ-tio̍h tī hoat-kàⁿ liáu-āu bô jōa kú tō khui lâi lim.  I sī *vin de primeur* tang-tiong siāng-kài sî-kiâⁿ ê chiú.
SVG

**SVG** (**Scalable Vector Graphics**) sī 1 chióng XML piau-kì gí-giân (*markup language*), ēng lâi piáu-sī 2D ê hiòng-liōng-tô͘ (*vector graphic*), ē tín-tāng bē tín-tāng--ê lóng ē-tàng. SVG sī hū-chek HTML, XHTML téng-téng piau-chún ê W3C chè-tēng ê 1 ê khai-hòng piau-chún (*open standard*).

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

;Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
* W3C SVG Pages
* SVG.org - SVG Community Website
* SVG Wiki - Wiki of SVG information for developers
* SVGX

;Kiàn-pún
* Adobe SVG Demos
* Mozilla SVG Demos 
* SVG mapping examples, tutorials and shp2svg converter 
* Sample SVG files created from popular programs 

;Nńg-thé
* Inkscape - an open source SVG editor
* Adobe SVG Plugin
* Mozilla SVG
** Past, Present, and Future of Mozilla SVG 
** Implementing SVG in a Web Browser
* ksvg SVG renderer for KDE/khtml 
* Sketsa - SVG Graphics Editor 
* BitFlash - SVGT Player 
* Convert files to SVG format 

;Têng-sek-khò͘
* SVG Salamander - Java SVG player and renderer. (LGPL)  
* librsvg SVG renderer for GNOME, and Mozilla/Firebird plugin
* SVG Perl module 

;Ha̍k-si̍p
* Pike's SVG Tutorial
* SVGBasics
* about-svg.de

;Pò-tō
* Math Games: Vector vs Raster (maa.org)  - A list of 31 SVG editors 
* SVG Open, annual international conference on Scalable Vector Graphics
* Article "SVG: A Sure Bet" 
* Article "SVG Is The Future " 
* Descriptions from Webreference
* Discussion about free implementations 
* The future of SVG  
* Magical pictures 

;Chhòng-chok
* Open Clip Art Library
* Sodipodi Clipart Page
* GNOME themes extras package 
* Crystal Icons 
* Gartoon Icons Theme 
* BlueSphere Icon Theme
Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ-tòa

**Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ-toà** (*asteroid belt*) chú-iàu sī kí Thài-iông-hē lāi-té, Hoé-chheⁿ kap Bo̍k-chheⁿ tiong-ng ê só͘-chāi, hia ū chin chē sió-he̍k-chheⁿ (*asteroid*) mā leh se̍h Ji̍t-thaû. Mā ū lâng kóng piān-nā sè lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ (*minor planet*) khah chē ê só͘-chāi tō ē-tit kiò chit hō miâ.
Kuiper-toà

**Kuiper-toà** (*Kuiper belt*) sī Thài-iông-hē lāi-té ùi Hái-ông-chheⁿ (Ji̍t-thaû sǹg--koè-lâi 30 AU) kaù 50 AU hit tah, kap n̂g-tō (*ecliptic*) kāng 1 ê pêⁿ-bīn. 

Kok-chè Thian-bûn Liân-bêng (*International Astronomical Union*, IAU) kā Kuiper-toà ê chheⁿ-thé hō-chò Hái-ông-chheⁿ goā chheⁿ-thé (*trans-Neptunian object*), sǹg sī 1 chióng sè lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ (*minor planet*). Mā ū lâng kā kiò chò sió-he̍k-chheⁿ (*asteroid*).

Kuiper-toà ê chīn-pōng m̄ sī chhìn-chhái tēng--ê, hia ū 1 ê hō-chò **"Kuiper-phāng"** (*Kuiper gap*) iah **"Kuiper-khàm"** (*Kuiper cliff*) ê toā phoà-khiah. Sī án-choáⁿ ē án-ni-siⁿ? Ū 1 chióng lí-lūn kóng ū 1 lia̍p chhan-chhiūⁿ Tē-kiû iah Hoé-chheⁿ hiah toā lia̍p ê chheⁿ-thé kā hia ê iù-sap-á lóng saù kah lī-lī-lī.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Dave Jewitt's page @ University of Hawaii
** The belt's name
* The Kuiper Belt Electronic Newsletter 
* Wm. Robert Johnston's TNO page
* Minor Planet Center: Plot of the Outer Solar System, illustrating Kuiper gap
Ò-mn̂g

**Ò-mn̂g** (澳門; Oa̍t-gí: ou3 mun2) iah-sī **Má-kháu** (媽口, ), choân-miâ sī **Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu** (Hàn-jī: 澳門特別行政區; Oa̍t-gí: ou3 mun2 dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1; ) sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ē-kha ê 1-ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu.

## Tē-lí

## Chù-kha


Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu
Sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ

**Sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ** (*scattered disk*, *scattered disc*) sī lán Thài-iông-hē phēng Kuiper-toà khah goā-khaú ê só͘-chāi, hia lóng sī chi̍t-koá peng-peng-léng-léng, hun-pò͘ mā bô kài cha̍t-chiⁿ ê sió-he̍k-chheⁿ (*planetoid*), hō-chò **sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ chheⁿ-thé** (*scattered disk object*). Sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ chheⁿ-thé sǹg sī 1 chióng Hái-ông-chheⁿ goā chheⁿ-thé. Sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ siōng lāi-té kap Kuiper-toà sio kau-kâm, siōng goā-khaú lî Ji̍t-thaû hn̄g-hn̄g-hn̄g, lī-sim-lu̍t koân, chheⁿ-thé kap n̂g-tō (*ecliptic*) ê kī-lî mā phēng Kuiper-toà ke khah hn̄g. 

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* List of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects
Tēⁿ Hô

**Tēⁿ Hô** (鄭和; pún-miâ **Má Sam-pó** 馬三寶/馬三保, A-la-pek miâ: **Hajji Mahmud**; 1371 nî – 1435 nî) sī sè-kài le̍k-sú tiong siāng-kài chhut-miâ ê Tiong-kok hâng-hái-ka. I tùi 1405 nî kàu 1433 nî ê hâng-hái sū-chek kì-chài tī *Sam-pó Thài-kàm Hā Se-iûⁿ* (三保太監下西洋) lāi-bīn. I sī Hûn-lâm Hôe-cho̍k lâng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bêng-tiâu ê thài-kàm
Caribe Hái

**Caribe Hái** sī tiàm-tī Tāi-se-iûⁿ piⁿ--a, Be̍k-se-ko Oan tang-lâm ê 1-ê jia̍t-tài chúi-thé. I ê bīn-chek pau-koah Caribe Tē-pang ê tōa pō·-hūn. Lâm-hōaⁿ óa Venezuela, Colombia, Panamá; sai-hōaⁿ oá Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, kap Be̍k-se-ko ê Yucatán pòan-tó; pak-hōaⁿ óa Tōa Antilles kûn-tó (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); tang-hōaⁿ óa Sió Antilles.

Carib-hái sī sè-kài siāng tōa ê 1-ê kiâm-chúi-hái. Bīn-chek iok-lio̍k ū 2,754,000 km². Siāng chhim ê tiám tī Cayman Hái-kau (Cuba kap Jamaica tiong-kan), chhim-tō· hái-poa̍t ē-kha 7,686 m.

## Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ
* Antilles
Sò͘-kó

**Sò·-kó** (Hàn-jī: 瘦果) sī iû tan sim-phôe ê chú-pâng hoat-io̍k--lâi-ê, lāi-té ū 1 lia̍p chéng-chí; kó-phôe kap chéng-phôe hun-lî, m̄-koh kó-phôe kā chéng-phôe pau kah ân-ân-ân, lióng-chiá bô hiah iông-ī pak hun-lî.
Oort hûn

**Oort-hûn** (*Oort cloud*, *Öpik-Oort Cloud*) sī lī Ji̍t-thaû chha-put-to 50,000 kaù 100,000 AU hn̄g, 1 ê chhin-chhiūⁿ kiû-thé ê só͘-chāi, lāi-té chú-iàu sī tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ. Chit ê kī-lî khah lím Ji̍t-thaû kaù siōng kīn ê chheⁿ Proxima Centauri 1/4 ê lō͘-têng, iok-lio̍k Ji̍t-thaû kaù Mê-ông-chheⁿ ê 1000 poē, chha-put-to sī 1 kng-nî (*light year*) hiah hn̄g. 

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
* Representation, Southwest Research Institute
* The Kuiper Belt and The Oort Cloud
Thian-bûn tan-ūi

**Thian-bûn tan-ūi** (**AU**, **au**, **a.u.**, ū-sî **ua**) sī niû tn̂g-té ê 1-ê tan-ūi, iok-lio̍k téng-î Tē-kiû kàu Ji̍t-thâu ê pêng-kin kī-lî. Hiān-chú-sî hông chiap-siū ê ta̍t sī 149 597 870 691 ± 30 m (tāi-iok 1-ek 5-chheng kong-lí).

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures kiàn-gī iōng "ua" chò tan-ūi ê hû-hō, m̄-koh Kok-chè Thian-bûn Chó·-ha̍p (*International Astronomical Union*) kiàn-gī iōng "au", ah ISO 31-1 iōng "AU". Tī Eng-gí ûi-chú ê kok-ka khah koàn-sì iōng "au" a̍h-sī "AU".
M

:*Koan-hē [[Hi-lia̍p-jī]] µ ê tōa-siá, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ [[Μ]].*
**M** sī Lô-má-jī pâi tē 13 ê jī-bó. Pe̍h-oē-jī mā sī pâi tē 13.

## M tāi-piáu ê ì-sù
* kong-chhioh, kì-chò **m**
* Eng-lí (*mile*, mai), kì-chò **M**
* Lô-má sò·-jī lāi-té **M** sī 1000 ê ì-sù.
* 100 bān (*million*) kì-chò **1 M**
* **M** sī tāi-piáu cha-po· (*masculus*, *male*) ê hû-hō
* SM sèng-oa̍h-tāng tiōng, hòⁿ siū ge̍k-thāi (虐待)--ê lâng (*Masochist*).

Lūi-pia̍t:M
Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ

**Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ** sī tī lán Thài-iông-hē se̍h Ji̍t-thâu ê sè-ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ sī 1 khóan sè-lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ (*minor planet*); in phēng he̍k-chheⁿ ke chiok sè-ê. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sió-he̍k-chheⁿ khah chē sī kó·-chá he̍k-chheⁿ hêng-sêng ê sî-chūn chhun--lo̍h-lâi ê gôan-he̍k-chheⁿ-pôaⁿ (*protoplanetary disc*) ê iù-á sêng-hūn. Tōa pō·-hūn ê sió-he̍k-chheⁿ tiàm chú-iàu ê sió-he̍k-chheⁿ-tòa ū tè chhōe.
Hêng-tōng tiān-ōe

**Hêng-tōng tiān-oē** (ta-ko-tah, chhiú-ki-á, chhiú-ōa) sī 1 khoán tiān-chú thong-sìn ho̍k-bū, kong-lêng chhin-chhiūⁿ thôan-thóng kò·-tēng sòaⁿ-lō· ê tiān-ōe, cheng-chha tiān-ōe ki-á ē-tit chah leh kiâⁿ, m̄-bián chiap tiān-ōe sòaⁿ. Hêng-tōng tiān-oē ê ke-si hō-chò **[[chhiú-ki]]** (kán-chheng "ki-á"). Chhiú-ki iōng bû-sòaⁿ tiān-pho hām tiān-ōe bāng-lō· chih-chiap.

Chhiú-ki tû-liáu it-poaⁿ tiān-ōe ê gí-im kong-lêng í-gōa, mā ū hoat-tō· chi-ōan kî-thaⁿ ê ho̍k-bū, khó-pí kóng SMS (kán-sìn), MMS (thôan tô·, iáⁿ-phìⁿ), *packet switching* (chiūⁿ bāng-lō͘).

Lēng-gōa ū-kóa thong-sìn hē-thóng chhin-chhiūⁿ hêng-tōng tiān-oē, chóng--sī bô kāng-khóan, khó-pí kóng ōe-chheⁿ tiān-ōe kap *Professional Mobile Radio*. Chhiú-ki kap bû-sòaⁿ tiān-ōe mā bô kâng, hiō-chiá kan-taⁿ ē-tàng tī kīn kò·-tēng ki-tē-tâi (*base station*) ê kī-lî í-lāi sú-iōng (chhiáⁿ chham-khó PHS).

Chhiú-ki-á tī 1990 nî-tāi āu-kî tau̍h-tau̍h-á phó͘-ki̍p, taⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chò choân-kiû siau-liāng siāng-koân--ê tiān-chú sán-phín, mā-sī chit-má ê lâng seng-oa̍h lāi-té lī bē khui ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chi-it.

## Ki-su̍t
Hêng-tōng tiān-oē ki-hêng kap bāng-lō· chē-chē khóan; bô kāng-ê gia̍p-chiá, sīm-chì bô kāng-ê kok-ka, ū khó-lêng iōng bô kāng hē-thóng. Chóng--sī só·-ū ê chhiú-ki lóng tòa khong-tiong thôan tiān-chû-pho hām ki-tē-tâi chih-chiap. Chiah-ê ki-tē-tâi sī te̍k-pia̍t ê bû-sòaⁿ tiān-pho thah. Chhiú-ki lāi-bīn ū 1-tâi kē tiān-le̍k ê *transceiver* (hoat-siu-khì) thang tī kúi-ā-kong-lí hn̄g ê hōan-ûi lāi thôan-sàng gí-im kap chu-liāu khì hō· hū-kīn ê ki-tē-tâi. Chhiú-ki ôan-ná ē sûi-sî siu-thiaⁿ hū-kīn sìn-hō siōng kiông ê hit-ê ki-tē-tâi. Kiàn-nā ū chhōe--tio̍h, chhiú-ki ē kā i choan-iōng ê pian-hō pò ki-tē-tâi chai, piáu-sī ū teh thèng-hāu ùi hêng-tōng tiān-oē bāng hia chiap tiān-ōe. Chhiú-ki ná "hêng-tōng" tō ē tú-tio̍h sin ki-tē-tâi, chit-ê chhiú-sio̍k ē ná tiông-ho̍k.

Chhiú-ki kap bāng-lō· sio-thôan ê sìn-hō chêng-kàu-taⁿ ū kúi-ā-thò hē-thóng. Ē-sái àn-chiàu "sè-tāi" pun-chò kúi-ā-tāi: 0G, 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 4G, 5G.

## Chhiú-ki chè-chō-siang
* Sè-kài: Alcatel, Audiovox, Kyocera, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic, Philips, SAGEM, Samsung, Sanyo, Siemens, SK Teletech, Sony Ericsson.
* Tâi-oân: BenQ, Inventec, Asus, HTC.

## Siong-koan
* Tì-hūi tiān-ōe

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

Lūi-pia̍t:Hêng-tōng tiān-ōe