Virginia

**Virginia** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Richmond. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Virginia Beach.

## Tē-lí
Virginia ê tang-pêng kap pak-pêng sī Washington, D.C. kap Maryland; lâm-pên sī North Carolina; sai-lâm-pêng sī Tennessee; sai-pêng sī Kentucky; pak-pêng kiam sai-pêng sī West Virginia. Lēng-gōa óa tang-pêng ê hái sī Tāi-se-iûⁿ

## Le̍k-sú
Ū khó-kó͘ gián-kiù hoat-àn Pocahontas Island (chi̍t-ê poàn-tó tē-hng) tī Chêng 6500 chiō ū lâng khiā-khí. 

Tong Eng-lân khún-hō͘ tī 1607 nî tú lâi-kàu Jamestown ê sî, tī Virgina chúi-chhiâng-sòaⁿ (*fall line*, chi̍t khoán tē-lí hun-kài) tang-pêng tōa-hūn thó͘-tē lóng sī Algonquin pō͘-cho̍k khòng-chè ê só͘-chāi. In sī liân-ha̍p tī le̍k-sú-ha̍k siōng só͘ kóng ê Powhatan Pang-liân ē-té, he̍k-chiá kóng sī chi̍t-ê "tè-kok". Siú-léng Wahunsunacock tī 16 sè-kí bóe kàu 17 sè-kí chheh cheng-ho̍k kiam liân-ha̍p liáu tāi-khài saⁿ-cha̍p-ê pō͘-lo̍k, che siú-léng hông kiò chò sī *Powhatan*, i chheng só͘ khòng-chè ê thó͘-tē sī Tenakomakah.

Virginia si̍t-bîn-tē sī 1607 nî Lûn-tun Kong-si (*London Company*) kiàn-li̍p--ê.

Tāi-eng-kok Kok-hōe tī tùi Hoat-kok kap Ìn-tò͘ ê chiàn-chéng liáu-āu hiòng si̍t-bîn-tē ka-kiông tin-sòe, ín-khí chia só͘-chāi ê put-boán. Tong-sî Patrick Henry kap Richard Henry Lee téng gī-oân chhōa-thâu ê Kong-bîn-hōe (*House of Burgesses*) chiō sī hoán-tùi sin sòe-kim chè-tō͘--ê. 1773 nî, Virginia lâng khai-sí kap pa̍t chiu cho͘-chit in hêng-tông. 1774 nî in phài tāi-piáu chham-ka Tāi-lio̍k Hōe-gī, tong-nî Kong-bîn-hōe hō͘ ông-ka phài ê chóng-tok kái-sàn, kek-bēng-phài ê thâu-lâng chiō keng-kòe Virgina Tāi-hōe (*Virginia Conventions*) î-chhî koán-lí. Kàu 1776 nî ê sî, Tāi-hōe soan-pò͘ Virginia tùi Tāi-eng Tè-kok to̍k-li̍p, chhái-ēng George Mason ê Virginia Khoân-lī Soan-giân (*Virginia Declaration of Rights*). Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi Virginia lâng Thomas Jefferson āu--lâi koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khí-chhó liáu Bí-kok ê To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân.

Lōe-chiàn chìn-chêng, Virginia tû-liáu tī lông-gia̍p siōng, ùi khòng-gia̍p ê lô͘-lē sú-iōng mā tng teh chin-ka. 1800 nî. Hit chūn mā sán-seng lô͘-lē hóng-khòng oa̍h-tāng, pau-koat chhiūⁿ Gabriel Prosser tī 1800 nî, Nat Turner tī 1831 nî, kap John Brow tī 1859 nî, hun-pia̍t niá-chhōa liáu po̍k-tōng sū-kiāⁿ. Kàu 1860 nî ê sî, tāi-khài chiâⁿ pah bān, chiàu beh 31% ê Virginia jîn-kháu sī lô͘-lē.

1861 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t, Virginia tâu-phiò koat-tēng thoat-lî Bí-kok. Kàu 4 goe̍h 24, in ka-ji̍p America Pang-liân-kok, tong-sî Pang-liân siú-hú chiō siat tī Virginia ê Richmond. Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, tī 1870 nî, keng-kòe Kiú-jîn Úi-oân-hōe (*Committee of Nine*) ê ūn-chok, Virginia chèng-sek tó-tńg Bí-kok.

Virginia chhut-sin ê James Albert Bonsack tī 1880 nî hoat-bêng liáu kńg ta-bá-koh chóa-hun ê ke-khì, niá-chhōa liáu Richmond ê chi̍t kái kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Kàu 1886 nî ê sî, thih-lō͘ si̍t-gia̍p-ka Collis Potter Huntington kiàn-li̍p khí Newport News Shipbuilding chō-chûn-só͘, che kang-tiûⁿ tè-bé tī tâu-jip It-chhù Tāi-chià chêng-āu Bí-kok Hái-kun chiàn-lām ê seng-sán.

1951 nî tī Farmville, Barbara Rose Johns hoat-tōng hoán-khòng chéng-cho̍k keh-lî ha̍k-hāu ê ūn-tōng, ín-khí *[[Davis tùi Prince Edward Kūn ê Kūn Ha̍k-hāu Lí-sū-hōe]]* (*Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County*) koaⁿ-si. Àn-kiāⁿ tī 1954 nî keng-kòe *[[Brown tùi Kàu-io̍k Lí-sū-hōe]]* (*Brown v. Board of Education*) àn khak-tēng, kī-choa̍t liáu keh-lî-phài tùi "hûn-lî m̄-koh pêng-téng" ê chú-tiuⁿ. 1960 nî-tāi oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê Kong-bîn Khoân-lī Ūn-tōng, ín-chhōa liáu Bí-kok chē hāng choân-kok-sèng ê hoat-àn. Tī 1964 nî, Bí-kok Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ bēng-lēng Prince Edward Kūn téng tē-hng ài hòe-tû keh-lî-sek ha̍k-hāu.

## Keng-chè
Virginia tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 481,084 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī sió-bē-gia̍p.

## Chham-khó

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