New Mexico

**New Mexico** sī Bí-kok sai-lâm ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 2,499,481, pâi-miâ tē 35. I ê siú-hú sī Santa Fe, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Albuquerque.

## Tē-lí
New Mexico ê biān-chek ū 314,460 pêng-hong kong-lí. Chiu ê tâng-pêng pian-kài sī 103° W keng-tō͘, keh-piah sī Oklahoma kap Texas. Chiu-ê lâm-pêng tōa-hūn mā kap Texas sio-chia̍p, sió-hūn sī oa̍h Mexico ê Chihuahua kap Sonora chiu. Tī, sai-pêng, New Mexico kap Arizona í 109° 03' W sio keh. Tī chiu-ê sai-pak, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, kap Utah 4-ê chiu sio-chia̍p tī chi̍t tiám, chit tiám hong hō chò Four Corners.

New Mexico ū bē chió âng-thô͘ soa-bo̍k, lāi-té tiāⁿ ū chit khoán chāi-tē kiò mesa ê soaⁿ, sī chi̍t khoán pêⁿ téng ê tâi-tē. Chiu lāi iû-kî pak-pō͘ ū chin chē chhiū-nâ.

## Le̍k-sú
Só͘ chāi siāng chá tī New Mexico chit ūi khiā-khí ê lâng sī sio̍k Clovis bûn-hòa ê sian-chū-bîn. Āu-lâi koh ū Mogollon kap Kó͘-tāi Poeblo-lâng (Ancestral Pueblo) téng-téng. Au-chiu-lâng tī 16 sè-kí lâi-kàu sî, tong-tē í-keng ū Pueblo-lâng kap Navajo, Apache, koh ū Ute téng pō͘-cho̍k.

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado cho͘ chi̍t tīn thàm-hiám-tūi, tùi 1540 nî kàu 1542 nî kî-kan, hiòng New Mexico chia lâi chhōe Fray Marcos de Niza só͘ siá ê nn̂g-kim siâⁿ Cibola. Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi chhōe kim-khòng ê lâng Francisco de Ibarra, siú-sian ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí hō chit ūi sī *Nuevo México*, i tī 1563 nî khì kàu Mexico pak-pō͘ jî-chhiá pò-kò tùi "Sin--ê Mexico" ê hoat-hiān. Kàu 1598 nî, Juan de Oñate hong phài chò sin séng-hūn ê chóng-tok sî, chèng-sek hō liáu chit-ê miâ; I koh tī tang nî kiàn-li̍p pún tē siāng chá ê Au-chiu-lâng siā-lí San Juan de los Caballeros.

Santa Fe tī 1608 nî ùi Sangre de Cristo Soaⁿ-lêng kiàn-li̍p, m̄-koh chia-ê lâng kap kî-tha New Mexico ê î-bîn tōa-hūn lóng in-ūi 1680 nî ê Pueblo Hoán-loān lî-khui. It-ti̍t kàu Pueblo ê thâu-lâng Popé sí āu, Diego de Vargas khah lâi têng-sin kiàn-li̍p Se-pan-gâ lâng ê khòng-chè. 1706 nî, î-bîn koh sin khí Albuquerque siâⁿ.

New Mexico tī 1821 nî tùi teh Mexico ê to̍k-li̍p, piàn chò Mexico só͘ chú-tiúⁿ ê thó͘-tē. Āu-lâi Texas Kiōng-hô-kok tī 1836 nî kiàn-li̍p ê sî, mā chú-tiuⁿ Rio Grande Hô tang-pêng sī in só͘-iú. Lēng-gōa, New Mexico ê tang-pak pêng ū chi̍t kak goân-lâi sio̍k Hoat-kok, m̄-koh tī 1803 nî chiàu Louisiana Siu-bé choán hō͘ Bí-kok khì.

1846 nî Mexico Bí-kok Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Mexico kun-kù 1848 nî Guadalupe Hidalgo Tiâu-iok kā ī pak-pō͘ tōa-hūn tē-khu lóng koah hō͘ Bí-kok. 1850 nî ê sî, Texas kā in Rio Grande Hô tang-pêng ê léng-thó͘ kap Bí-kok ōaⁿ liáu 1-cheng bān ê Bí-kim. Liáu-āu Bí-kok tī tong-nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t khai-siat New Mexico Léng-thó͘ (New Mexico Territory), lāi-té pau-koat kin-á-ji̍t ê Arizona kap pō͘ hūn Colorado. Lâm-pêng koh ū chi̍t kak thó͘-tē sī keng-kòe 1853 nî Gadsden Siu-bé theh tio̍h. Lēng-gōa, 1850 nî, New Mexico kap Texas ê kài-sòaⁿ khak-tēng. 

New Mexico sī Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn ê Khòa-Mississippi Chiàn-tiûⁿ (Trans-Mississippi Theater) chi̍t pō͘-hūn, Liân-bêng-kok kap Ha̍p-chiòng-kok lóng chú-tiuⁿ tùi New Mexico Léng-thó͘ ê khoân-lī. 1861 nî, Liân-bêng-kok kā New Mexico lâm pòaⁿ pêng ōe ji̍p in ka-tī ê Arizona Léng-thó͘, it-ti̍t kàu chiàn-cheng kiat-sok chìn-chêng, Liân-bêng-kok kun-tūi lóng ēng Arizona ê kî-á tī chia oa̍h-tāng.

1912 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t, kok-hōe tông-ì New Mexico siat chò Bí-kok tē-47-ê chiu. 1928 nî, tī Lea Kūn kap Hobbs siâⁿ téng só͘-chāi hoat-kìⁿ chio̍h-iû, it-ti̍t kàu 2002 nî, Midwest Refining Company iá koh tī Hobbs khai-chhái.

Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, chiu lāi ê Los Alamos sī goân-chú-tân khai-hoat kap chè-chō ê só͘-chāi, lēng gōa koh tī White Sands soa-bo̍k chhì-giām. New Mexico āu-lâi hoat-tián chò Bí-kok Khong-kun ê iāu-tē, tû-liáu White Sands Hui-tân Tiûⁿ (White Sands Missile Range), koh ū Los Alamos Kok-kak Si̍t-giām-só͘ kap Sandia Kok-ka Si̍t-giām-só͘.

## Jîn-kháu
### Koan-hong gí-giân
Goân-lâi tī 1912 nî siat-ê chiu hiàn-hoat sī kui-tēng pún chiu sī chhái-ēng Eng-gí kap Se-pan-gâ-gí ê siang-gí chèng-hú. Í-gōa hiàn-hoat sī bô kui-tēng it-tēng ê "koan-hong" (*official*) gí-giân. 1935 nî í-chêng, li̍p-hoat hē-thóng sī ē-tàng thong Se-pan-gâ-gí. Nā tī su-hoat hē-thóng, ka-ta kóng Se-pan-gâ-gí ê lâng kap kóng Eng-gí--ê lâng sī ū kâng-khoán ē-tàng chò pôe-sím (*jury*) ê khoân-lī. Kong-kiōng kàu-io̍k hong-bīn, chiu chèng-hú tī hiàn-hoat siōng ū gī-bū ài thê-kiong siang-gí kàu-io̍k.

1989 nî, New Mexico chiâⁿ chò sī thâu chi̍t-ê chhái-ēng English Plus chèng-chhek ê chiu-hūn, ia̍h tio̍h sī thui-kóng Eng-gí í-gōa í-giân ê kàu-io̍k ūn-tōng. 2008 nî ê sî, pún chiu koh tī kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu sū-iōng Navajo-gí khò-pún.

## Keng-chè
New Mexico tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 92,959 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.

Pún chiu ê chio̍h-iû sán-liōng tī 2015 nî 6 goe̍h ū 12,709 chheng-tháng (thousand barrels), tī Bí-kok kok-chiu lāi pâi-miâ tē-5.

## Siòng-phìⁿ

Image:Big Costilla Peak.jpg
Image:Steller's Jay Sandia Peak.jpg
Image:The Kiva at Nambe Pueblo NM.jpg


## Chham-khó