Minnesota

**Minnesota** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Saint Paul. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Minneapolis.

## Tē-hō-miâ
*Minnesota* iû-lâi sī Dakota-gí tùi Minnesota Hô ê miâ *Mnisota*. Jī thâu *mni-* ì-sù sī "chúi", *ta* (*tō*) ì-sù nâ-sek. Tī chiu lāi ū bōe chió *Minne-* chhōa-thâu ê tē-hō-miâ, lóng sī tùi chúi ê hêng-iông. Pú-lūn Minnehaha Falls ("chiò-chhiò ê chúi"), Minneiska ("pe̍h chúi"), Minneota ("chē-chē ê chúi"), Minnetonka ("tōa chúi"), Minnetrista ("oan-oan khek-khek ê chúi").

## Tē-lí
Chiàu Bí-kok ê tē-lí hun-khu, Minnesota sī ūi tī leh Téng Tiong-se-pō͘ (*Upper Midwest*), mā sǹg sī Tōa-ô͘-khu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Pún chiu kap tang-pêng ê Michigan tiong-ng sī keh liáu chi̍t-ê Superior Ô͘, kâng-khoán tī tang-pêng koh ū pō͘-hūn sio-óa ê Wisconsin chiu hūn. Lēng-gōa, ùi lâm-pêng sī Iowa; sai-pêng ū North Dakota kap South Dakota; tī pak-pêng sī Ka-ná-tah ê Ontario chham Manitoba séng.

Kui chiu ê bīn-chek ū 225,180 pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm choân-kok ê 2.25 pha-sén, sī pâi tē-12 tōa ê Bí-kok chiu-hūn.  

Minnesota sī Bí-kok tû-liáu Alaska í-gōa siāng óa pak ê chiu, I ū chi̍t kak hiòng pak thòng--chhut-khì, khu lāi ū Chhiū-nâ Ô͘ (*Lake of the Woods*), ô͘ ê pak-pêng ū chi̍t hūn thó͘-tē, sī Bí-kok tāi-lio̍k pō͘-hūn î-it pí pak-hūi 49 tō͘ koh khah óa pak ê só͘-chāi.

## Le̍k-sú
Au-chiu-lâng lâi kàu Pak Bí-chiu chìn-chêng, Minnesota chú-iàu ê jîn-kûn sī Dakota-lâng. Hoat-kok ê lâng tī 17 sè-kí lâi kàu Minnesota chò mô͘-phôe bé-bē. Tong Au-chiu î-bîn tī tang-hoaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê sî, Anishinaabe téng cho̍k mā sóa ji̍p phì-jû Minnesota chit khoán lōe-lio̍k. Sin lâi ê Anishinaabe lâng kap chāi-tē ê Dakota lâng tio̍h sán-sen tùi-li̍p.

1762 nî kàu 1802 nî kî-kan, Minnesota sī Se-pan-gâ Louisiana só͘-sio̍k. Bí-kok kek-bēng bóe-kî, Tē-jī-chhù Pa-lí Tiâu-iok chhiam-sú sî, Minnesota tī Mississippi Hô tang-pêng ê thó͘-tē piàn chò sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t hūn. Liáu-āu, Bí-kok koh keng-kòe Louisiana Siu-bé, tit tio̍h Mississippi sai-pêng ê thó͘-tē.

Minnesota Léng-thó͘ tī 1849 nî 3 goe̍h chheh 3 sêng-li̍p, thau kài ê gī-hōe, sī New England î-bîn kap in kiáⁿ-sun só͘ khòng-chè. Hit tong-sî chin chōe lông-ka khai-sí tī Minnesota khai-hoat. Kàu 1858 nî 5 goe̍h 11, Minnesota siat chò Bí-kok ê tē 32 chiu. In-ūi New England hē ê jîn-kháu chiàn tōa-hūn, hong kiò chò sī "Sai-pō͘ ê New England" (*The New England of the West*).

1861 nî tòa tī Mankato ê Au-chiu-hē jîn-bîn sêng-li̍p hō chò Sim-lîm Bú-sū (*Knights of the Forest*) ê thoân-thé, beh chiong goân-chū-bîn kóaⁿ cháu. Chit khoán ap-le̍k ín-khí liáu 1862 nî ê Dakota Chiàn-cheng, āu-bóe chia goân-chū-bîn lóng sóa khí Dakota ê Crow Creek Pó-liû-tē (*Crow Creek Reservation*).

1880 nî-tāi liáu-āu tī Vermilion Soaⁿ-tē kap Mesabi Soaⁿ-tē téng só͘-chāi hoat-kiàn thih-khòng, tong-tē kiàn-li̍p liáu chhái-khòng ê sán-gia̍p, in ê chhut-sán, ē-tàng hiòng tang sàn kàu Tōa-ô͘-khu. 20 sè-kí chá-kî, kang-gia̍p ê hoat-tián chō-sêng jîn-kháu tùi chháu-tē hiòng to͘-chhī î-sóa; chóng-sī Minnesota hit-tong-sî lông-gia̍p oan-ná chin tiōng-iàu.

Tōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî, Minnesota ê keng-chè mā siū sún-hāi, kàu 1931 nî kap 1935 nî kî-kan, sai-pêng kap Dakota koh siū khiàm-chúi ê gûi-hāi. Āu-lâi Sin Chhek (*New Deal*) ê kè-ōe hō͘ pún-tē keng-chè ū chi̍t kóa kái-siàn. Hit-chūn Kong-bîn Pó-io̍k Tūi (Civilian Conservation Corps) kap kî-tha ê kè-ōe, chiam-tùi goân-chū-bîn thê-kiong khang-khòe. 1934 nî ê hoat-àn koh khak-li̍p in khai-siat chū-chú chèng-hú ê chè-tō͘.

Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, sin-ê kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Chū-tōng-hòa ê phó͘-ki̍p kái-chìn liáu seng-sán-le̍k. Lông-chok-bu̍t tōa-hūn lóng piàn hoan-be̍h kap sió-be̍h. 1946 nî, Kang-têng Gián-kiù Cho͘-ha̍p (Engineering Research Associates) sêng-li̍p, choan-bûn thè hái-kun khai-hoat tiān-náu.

## Jîn-kháu

Chiàu 2010 nî 4 goe̍h ê phó͘-cha chu-liāu, thong Minnesota ê jîn-kháu ê 5,303,925 lâng; lāi-bīn 83.1% sī hui Latin-hē ê pe̍h-lâng; 5.2% sī o͘-lâng ia̍h Hui-chiū-hē Bí-kok-lâng; Indian kap Alaska goân-chū-bîn chiàm 1.1%; A-chiu-hē chiàm 4.0%.

## Keng-chè
Minnesota tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 316,204 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) sán-gia̍p.

Pún chiu sī Bí-kok seng-sán siāng-chē chè-thn̂g-ēng âng-chhài-thâu (*sugar beet*), tiⁿ hoan-be̍h (*sweet corn*) kap ka-kang-ēng hôe-liân-tāu, koh ū chhī hóe-ke ê chiu. Lēng-gōa mā sī n̂g-tāu kap hoan-be̍h ê tiōng-iàu seng-sán-chiá.

## Kau-thong
Minnesota ê chèng-hú ū siat Minnesota Kau-thong-pō͘ lâi chú-koán kau-thong gia̍p-bū. Keng-kòe pún chiu ê chú-iàu chiu-chè kong-lō͘ ū I-35, I-90, I-94 téng lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia lāi-bīn I-35 kap I-94 keng-kòe Minneapolis–St. Paul tō͘-hōe-khu; I-90 ùi chiu ê lâm-pêng piⁿ thong-kòe.

## Chham-khó