Chhek-lîm Pat-im

***Tshik-lîm Pat-im*** (hàn-gú: 戚林八音; pîng-uē-jī: Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng), sī Tiong-kok Hok-tsiu ū-miâ ê tē-hng . Hong-im 30 jī-bió kah it-jī-tiāu tshut 4-siañ, 15 siañ kū-tsài. Bing Ka-tsīng ê sî-tsūn, Tshik Kè-kong (poj: Chék Gié-guŏng ) ji̍p-Bân thuè o. Liáu-āu, uân-sîng "Tshik tsham-tsiòng pat-im jī-gī piān-lám" (poj: Chék Chăng-cióng Báik Ĭng Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng; hàn-gú: 戚參將八音字義便覽). Tshing Khong-hi ê sî-tsūn, tshái-tshú "jī-gī" (字義) ê tsing-iàu lî-tshiáñ kán-huà í-ê ì-sù kiat-kòo, kái-tìng-liáu tsiânn-tsò "Thài-sú Lîm Pik-san sian-sing tsu-gio̍k tông-sing" (poj: Tái-sṳ̄ Lìng Pék-săng Sĭng-săng Ciŏ-ngṳ̆k Dùng-sĭng; hàn-gú: 太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) tsit-pún tsheh."Tshik-lîm pat-im" (戚林八音) tsik-uî "Tshik tsham-tsiòng pat-im jī-gī pēn-lám" (戚參將八音字義便覽) kah "Thài-sú Lîm Pik-san sian-sing tsu-gio̍k tông-sing" (太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) jī-pōo ūn-su ê ha̍p-tìng-pún. İú-kuan tsit nn̄g-pún ê  sī siáñ-lâng, bo̍k-tsên iah-koh bô bîng-khak ê khó-tsìng. Tsit nn̄g-pún tsheh ê ha̍p-tìng-pún sī-iû Hok-tsiu lâng "Tsìn An" (晉安) huê-tsi̍p tī 1749-nî iū-koh tsò sū, Hok-tsiu tē-i̍k ê gú-gên tsik-í "Pat-im" (八音) tòng-tsò jī-sû kui-huān. Káu kin-á-ji̍t í-king ū 250 guā-nî, "Tshik-lîm pat-im" (戚林八音) sī gén-kiú Hok-tsiu-uē  ê tiōng-iàu tù-tsok.

Hēn-tsūn siōng kóo-tsá ê pán-pún "Tshik lîm pat im ha̍p-tìng" (戚林八音合訂), sī Khên-liông nî-kan ê "Ha̍k-hái-tông" (學海堂) bo̍k-khik-pán. M̄-ku liû-thuân siōng-kài-tuā tiāñ-tiāñ hông huan-ìn ê pán-pún uî "Bîn-kok sik-iōng kái-liông Tshik lîm pat im ha̍p-tìng" (民國適用改良戚林八音合訂), 1912-nî ê tshoo-pán. Lán sóo-kóng-ê kái-liông, tio̍h-sī kàu-tìng tsi̍t-kuá tshò-gōo, koh-tsài tsing-ka sañ-kha nn̄g-pōo tiāñ-tiāñ sóo-iōng ê tsi̍t-kuá jī-sû. Teh Bân-hâu kuān mā-ū tsi̍t-pún 1840-nî tshut-pán ê "Tsi̍p-sin-tông" (集新堂) tsông-pán.

"Tshik pún" (戚本) ê pen-tsip-tsiá khiā-miâ "Sann-san Tshài Tsì-phuàñ Khai-pik sī" (三山蔡士泮開璧氏). "Lîm pún" (林本) ê pen-tsip-tsiá khiā-miâ "Bân-tiong Tîng-san Tîn Tho-iá jîn-sī" (閩中藤山陳他也人氏). Nńg-lâng tsin-si̍t señ-miâ sin-sè, kàu kin-á-ji̍t lóng-bô khak-si̍t khó-kù. Tsit nn̄g-pún tsheh kàu "Ha̍p-tìng-pún" (合訂本) tsìn-tsîng, lóng-iōng tshau-pún lâi thuân-lio̍k. Tsū "Ha̍p-tìng-pún" (合訂本) khai-sí khah-ū khik-pún. M̄-koh Tsìn An tàu-té sóo huê-tsi̍p kàu-tsìng tá-tsi̍t-kuá sū-hāng, mā bô-huat-tōo lâi khó-tsìng1.

Tshik Kè-kong sī Suañ-tang jîn-sū, i bô-siáñ khó-lîng ē-hiáng siá Hok-kèn-uē ê ūn-su, teh kuan-hong kì-tsài lāi-té mā-bô kóng-tio̍h Tshik Kè-kong ū-siá "Tshik lîm pat im" (戚林八音) tsit-pún tù-tsok ê tsit-khuán suè-huat tsi-luī.  kah kî-thañ ê ha̍k-tsiá mā lóng jīm-uî "Tshik pún" (戚本) sī-uî  sóo-siá hi̍k-tsiá sóo pian-tsip. M̄-ku "Tshik pún" (戚本) hap Tîn Tē ê sóo-tsai ê tù-tsok tsi-kan tsûn-tsāi put-siáu tsha-i̍k. Teh tuā-to-sòo hēn-tāi ê ha̍k-tsiá siong-sìn "Tshik pún" (戚本) sī-iû "Tshài Tsì-phuàñ" (蔡士泮) sóo-siá, m̄-koh kî-thañ ê sìn-sit tō lóng put-bîng.

"Lîm pún" (林本) ê kiat-kòo hām "Tshik pún" (戚本) khah sio-kāng, Lîm-pún sī tsiò-tio̍h "Lîm Pik-san" (林碧山) tsí-miâ. Lîm Pik-san  sī Hok-kèn Bân-hâu-kuān jîn-sū, thong-kuè 1688-nî kho-kú liáu-āu teh Hô-pak té-tsiām tsò-kuè kui-nî kuañ. "Tshik lîm pat im" (戚林八音) sîng-sū nî-tāi khó-lîng siōng-tsá tī 17 sè-kí bua̍t, put-jī-kò pìng-bô kì-tsài piáu-bîng Lîm Pik-san huat-piáu kuè jīm-hô  tù-tsok.[4]:27 Līng-guā tuā-to-sòo hēn-tāi ha̍k-tsiá siong-sìn "Tshik pún" (戚本) sī-iû "Tîn Tho-iá" (陳他也) sóo-siá--ê, put-kò kî-thañ ê sìn-sit kâng-khuán lóng put-bîng.

## Siann-tiāu hām siú-jī-bú kap ah-ūn
### Siann-tiāu
Pîng-uē-jī ê sì-siañ sī "Piâñ Sióng Khì Ji̍p" (poj: Bìng Siōng Ké̤ṳ Ĭk, hàn-gú: 平上去入), ki-pún-siōng iû sì-siañ "Piâñ Sióng Khì Ji̍p" tsoo-sîng peh-ê  siañ-tiāu (poj: siăng-diêu); piáu-sī z̦û-hā:

(1). Siōng-hā (上下), (2). Siōng-siōng (上上), (3). Siōng-khì (上去), (4). Siōng-ji̍p (上入), (5). Hā-pîng (下平), (6). Hā-siōng (下上), (7). Hā-khì (下去), í-kip (8). Hā-ji̍p (下入).

### Siann-bió
Kah Bân-lâm-gú luī-tsi̍p ngá-sio̍k-thong si̍p-ngóo-im, tōo-kang-su si̍p-ngóo-im tíng-tíng tsia-ê ūn-su siә-kāng, Bān-tang-gú Hok-tsiu-uē pîng-uē-jī mā-ū si̍p-ngóo im ê huat-tén kì-lio̍k; pîng-uē-jī ê 15-ê siañ-bió piáu-sī z̩û-hā:

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|úk ()
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|y³³
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|Ø
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|-style="text-align:left; font-family:times-new-roman; font-size:10px;"
|-
!打
!掌
!與
!君
!知
|-style="text-align:center; font-family:times-new-roman; font-size:15px;"
|Dā
|Ciōng
|ṳ̄
|Gŭng
|Dĭ
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*Piáu lāi-té êūn-bió lóng sī iōng kín-ūn lâi piáu-sī
*, jī teh kù-siú tsik siann-bió siá tuā-siá jī-bió, tshun--ê tō-iōng sió-siá
*, siann-bió hû-hō lóng-iōng sió-siá
* (IPA)
|}

### Ūn-bió
"Tshik lîm pat im" ( 戚林八音) lāi-té iah-koh kì-lio̍k tio̍h iōng hit-tang-tsūn ê Hok-tsiu-uē lóng-tsóng 33-ê ūn-bió siá-tsiū ê jī-sû. ("Kim", "Muî", "Tsia", "Jióng" ("金", "梅", "遮", "冗"))

:

Kuè-khì kuí-ā-ê sè-kí, Hok-tsiu-uē huat-sing-liáu 3-ê tsú-iàu ê piàn-huà. (1). Khui-pè ūn-bió, tsik-sī siōng-khì, siōng-ji̍p hām hā-khì tíng-tíng ê jiu teh tíng-tíng khuân-kíng tsi-hā tsuán-huà tsó in-ê khui ê hîng-sik; (2). kap ,  kap  ê kap-tsò-hué; (3). Ūn-bué  kap  ê sañ-lām-tsham.

## Teh tsá-kî Hok-tsiu-uē gén-kiú tang-tiong ê tē-uī
Kuí-ā-ê sè-kí í-lâi, "Tshik lîm pat im" lóng hông tong-tē ê lâng iōng-tsò Hok-tsiu-uē ê kuân-ui tsham-khó. "Tshek lîm pat im" iah-koh tsiâñ-tuā ê tshiok-tsìn Hok-tsiu tsá-kî se-hong thuân-kàu-sū ha̍k-si̍p, gián-kiú Hok-tsiu-ue ê tsham-khó-su.
Bí-kok  thuân-kàu-sū Moses Clark White tshut-pán tē-it pōo gián-kiú Hok-tsiu-uē ê gián-kiú su-tsik. tuì "Tshik lîm pat im" tsit-pún tsheh  Moses Clark White án-ne siá:

Uī-tio̍h tit-tio̍h pí huán-tshet hām hàn-jī koh-khah kán-tsia̍t ê piáu-sī siañ-ūn-bió ê hē-thóng, Moses Clark White  ing-gú gú-gên ha̍k-ka  ê tsuán-im hong-huat; tsit-khuán tsuán-im-huat ē-tàng kā Ìn-tōo, Thài-pîng-iûñ kah Pak-Bí-tsiu tíng-tíng tē-khu ê gú-giân, iōng Latin jī-bó kā sóo-ū ê siañ-ūn-bió lóng phing-siá tshut--lâi.
Tsū-án-ne Moses Clark White iah uân-sîng Hok-tsiu-uē siōng-tsá ê tsuán-siá khang-khuè.
14 ê sing-bió (lîng sing-bió ah-bē siá) hām 9 ê guân-im sī: 

*Hù-im: ch, ch', h, k, k', l, m, n, ng, p, p', s, t, t'
*Guân-im: a, e, è, ë, i, o, ò, u, ü

Moses Clark White ê tsuán-siá āu-lâi hōo āu-tāi ê ha̍k-tsiá  put-tuān lâi siu-tsìng, tsia-ê im-ūn piau-tsún-huà liáu-āu tsik-sī pîng-uē-jī.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* 李如龍 (Lī Ṳ̀-lṳ̀ng) 著, 王升魁 注解, "戚林八音校注 (Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng Gáu-cé̤ṳ)", 福建人民出版社 (Hók-gióng Ìng-mìng Chók-bēng-siâ), 2001-5. ISBN 9787211020225 
* 晉安匯『戚林八音』1749年 (『戚參將八音字義便覧』(16世紀)『太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲』(17-18世紀)合訂本) 
*  
*  
*  

## Tsham-ua̍t
*Chhet-un-khó (切韻考)
* University of Washington

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

*戚林八音歌(一) 
*如何运用福州方言字典《戚林八音》作者 黄世鼎 
*About 電子化平話字音表｡ 戚林八音校注 
*An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect 
*馬祖閩東語本字檢索系統(試用版) 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-gí sû-tián
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn bûn-hòa

Lūi-pia̍t:Bân-tang-gí
Lūi-pia̍t:Gí-giân-ha̍k su-che̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Chheng-kok chhek-che̍k

Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-gí sû-tián