open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lô Tāi-iū

**Lô Tāi-iū** (羅大佑), Tâi-oân-lâng, sī tī Tâi-oânTâi-pak-chhī chhut-sì ê Kheh-lâng-á, iā sī Tâi-oân ū-miâ ê chhòng-chok koa-chhiú, im-ga̍k-ka, ū "Hoâ-gú Liû-hêng-ge̍k Kàu-hù" (華語流行樂教父) ê miâ-hō. I bat chhòng-chok pēng ián-chhiùⁿ *Loān-khek 1980* (戀曲1980), *Loān-khek 1990* (戀曲1990), *Tông-liân* (童年), *Kong-im tek Kò͘-sū* (光陰的故事), *Lo̍k-káng Sió-tìn* (鹿港小鎮), *Ài-jîn Tông-chì* (愛人同志), *A-sè-a tek Ko͘-jî* (亞細亞的孤兒), *Iá-peh-ha̍p iá-iú Chhun-thian* (野百合也有春天), *Tang-hong chi Chu* (東方之珠), *Hông-hiō Tāi-tō Tang* (皇后大道東), *Chi-ho͘-chiá-iā* (之乎者也), *Hái-siōng-hoa* (海上花), *Sī-hó͘* (是否), *Bêng-thian Hōe Kèng-hó͘ⁿ* (明天會更好) téng-téng Hoâ-gú, Bân-lâm-gú, kap Oa̍t-gú hui-siông chhut-miâ ê koa-khek, tùi 1980 nî-tāi āu-kî kàu 1990 nî-tāi chho͘-kî hāu-hn̂g bîn-koa kap kui-ê Hoâ-gú liû-hêng im-ga̍k hong-keh choán-piàn ū toā sî-tāi ê éng-hióng, i-ê koa-khek iā sī chē-chē koa-chhiú sio-cheⁿ beh hoan-chhiùⁿ ê tùi-siòng.

Lūi-pia̍t:1954 nî chhut-sì
Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân Kheh-lâng
Lūi-pia̍t:Chāi-sè jîn-bu̍t
T
KOHH

**KOHH**, pún-miâ **Tiba Yûki** (千葉雄喜; 1990 nî 4 goe̍h 22 chhut-sì), sī Ji̍t-pún ê hip hop lio̍k-im-chiá kiam rap koa-chhiú.
Pixel gē-su̍t

**Pixel gē-su̍t** (" *"; Eng-gí: *pixel art*) sī chi̍t khoán bí-su̍t hêng-sek, chú-iàu ê chè-chok lâi-goân sī tiān-náu ōe-tô͘ nńg-thé. Pún gē-su̍t sī í pixel chò tan-goân lâi cho͘-sêng--ê. I goân-lâi sī tiān-náu khoân-kéng tùi ōe-tô͘ ê chè-hān, hiān-chiā mā hoat-tián chò chi̍t khoán hong-keh.
Seng-lí-ha̍k

:*Koan-hē lâng sū-gia̍p thàn-chîⁿ ê "seng-lí", chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ [[siong-gia̍p]], [[kò͘-kheh]] kap [[lī-sûn]] téng bûn-chiong.*

**Seng-lí-ha̍k** (Eng-gí: *physiology*) sī tùi sèⁿ-miā hē-thóng it-poaⁿ kong-lêng ê kho-ha̍k gián-kiù. I sǹg sī seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-iá, chhú-lí ê tùi-siòng pau-koat kò-thé, khì-koan hē-thóng, khì-koan, sè-pau, seng-bu̍t hun-chú téng chân-kip. Chiàu bô kâng chéng-lūi kap kò͘-chō, seng-lí-ha̍k koh ē-tàng hun tōng-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k, si̍t-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k, sè-pau seng-lí-ha̍k, bî-seng-bu̍t seng-lí-ha̍k téng khoán.
Kám-kak

**Kám-kak** (感覺) sī seng-bu̍t kò-thé tī seng-lí-siōng kám siu chu-liāu hō͘ ti-kak (perception) chhù-lí ê lêng-le̍k. Tōng-bu̍t sī keng-kòe sîn-keng hē-thóng kâi sán-sen kám-kak.

"Kám-kak" chit jī pún-sīn tī kò-pia̍t ê ha̍k-su̍t hun-iá, pí-lūn seng-bu̍t-ha̍k, sim-lí-ha̍k, sîn-keng kho-ha̍k he̍k-chiá sī tiat-ha̍k, ū in ka-tī ê sú-iōng lí-lō͘ kap gián-kiù.
Tâi-oân būn-tê

[right|thumb|294px|[O͘-chúi-kau|Tâi-oân Hái-kiap]]
**Tâi-oân būn-tê** (臺灣問題), he̍k-chiá **Tâi-hái būn-tê** (臺海問題), **Lióng-hoāⁿ būn-tê** (兩岸問題), sī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kap Tē-jī-chhù Kok-kiōng Lōe-chiàn só͘ ûi-liû ê chèng-tī kap hoat-lu̍t būn-tê. 1945 nî 10 goe̍h 25 ji̍t, Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Tâi-oân-séng Hêng-chèng Tióng-koaⁿ Tân Gî tāi-piáu Bêng-kun chiap-siū chāi-Tâi Ji̍t-kun ê tâu-hâng, Tâi-oân ê thóng-tī-koân ùi Ji̍t-kun kau-hō͘ Bêng-kun. 1949 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kiàn-li̍p liáu-āu, Tiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóng léng-tō ê Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Chèng-hú tī kāng-nî ê 12 goe̍h thè-siú Tâi-oân. 1951 nî 9 goe̍h, Ji̍t-pún chèng-hú hām Tông-bêng-kok chhiam-tēng *[[San Francisco Tiâu-iok]]*, chèng-sek hòng-khì tùi Tâi-oân ê chú-koân, tān-sī in-ūi Tiong-kok tāi-piáu-koân ê būn-tê, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú kap Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú lóng bô chhiam-tēng hô-iok. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok chèng-hú lo̍h-bóe í-keng tī *[[Tiong-Ji̍t Hô-io̍k]]* lāi sêng-jīm hit hāng hô-iok, ah Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok nn̄g hāng hô-iok lóng bô sêng-jīm.

Tâi-oân būn-tê khan-liân tio̍h Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu ê Tâi-oân chú-koân kui-sio̍k, í-ki̍p nn̄g ê Tiong-kok chèng-koân tī kok-chè téng-bīn koan-hē tio̍h chú-koân, léng-thó͘ kap chèng-koân ha̍p-hoat-sèng ê cheng-gī. "Tâi-oân būn-tê" ê miâ-hō sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê koàn-iōng bêng-sû; tī kok-chè siōng, thong-siông ū **Tâi-oân gī-tê** (臺灣議題), **Tâi-oân tē-ūi būn-tê** (臺灣地位問題), **Tâi-oân chèng-tī tē-ūi būn-tê** (臺灣政治地位問題) téng-téng ê hō-miâ. Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok kan-na teh pò-tō chia-ê goā-pō͘ giân-lūn sî chiah ē sú-iōng. Chit-ê bêng-sû siōng-chá chhut-hiān tī 1955 nî Lí Chong-jîn só͘ siá ê *Tùi Tâi-oân Būn-tê tek Kū-thé Kiàn-gī* (對臺灣問題的具體建議) ê bûn-chiuⁿ lāi, in-ūi Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kóng-hoàn soan-thoân, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á tī Hoâ-gú-khoan kap kok-chè siā-hōe thong-hêng. Chit-ê bêng-sû iōng tī-leh piáu-su̍t koan-hē tio̍h Tâi-oân chū-sin ê chèng-tī tē-ūi kap chú-koân kui-sio̍k būn-tê, kāng-sî mā kóng-gī pau-hâm Lióng-hoāⁿ koan-hē būn-tê kap Tâi-oân pún-tē só͘ kóng ê **thóng-to̍k būn-tê** (統獨問題).

## Koh khoàⁿ
*Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng
*Tâi-oân-séng (Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok)

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân ê chèng-tī
Anno Hideaki

**Anno Hideaki** (庵野秀明; 1960 nî 5 goe̍h 22 chhut-sì) sī Ji̍t-pún ê tōng-ōe-su kiam tiān-iáⁿ kam-tok. I siāng kài chhut-miâ ê chok-phín sī *[[Sin-sè-kí Evangelion]]*.

Lūi-pia̍t:Anime
Tiong-iong Soán-kí Úi-oân-hōe (Tâi-oân)

**Tiong-iong Soán-kí Úi-oân-hōe** (中央選舉委員會), kán-chheng **Tiong-soán-hōe** (中選會), sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok choân-kok soán-kí sū-bū ê chú-koán úi-oân-hōe, sī siū-tio̍h Hêng-chèng-īⁿ kàm-tok ê to̍k-li̍p ki-koan.

Koè-khì ê tē-hng soán-kí ùi-oân-hōe chó͘-chit kè-kò͘ ū Tâi-pak-chhī Soán-úi-hōe, Ko-hiông-chhī Soán-úi-hōe, Tâi-oân-séng Soán-úi-hōe, Hok-kiàn-séng Soán-úi-hōe í-ki̍p kok koān-chhī ê soán-úi-hōe. Kin-á-ji̍t ê tē-hng soán-kí úi-oân-hōe ū 6 ê ti̍t-hat-chhī úi-oân-hōe kap 16 ê koān-chhī úi-oân-hōe, ta̍k-ê tē-hng soán-úi-hōe chú-jīm úi-oân thong-siông iû ta̍k-ūi ti̍t-hat-chhī-tiúⁿ, koān-chhī-tiúⁿ, hù-ti̍t-hat-chhī-tiúⁿ, hù-koān-chhī-tiúⁿ, ti̍t-hat-chhī pì-su-tiúⁿ he̍k-chiá koān-chhī pì-su-tiúⁿ kiam-jīm.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok ê soán-kí
C
Tân-hāi

[縮圖|300x300像素|1868 nî Bí-kok chóng-thóng [Andrew Johnson ê tân-hāi sím-phoàⁿ]]
**Tân-hāi** (彈劾), he̍k-chiá **tân-he̍k**, tī sè-kài siōng ū chē-chē kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat ē-tàng chìn-hêng tân-hāi, pí-lūn Bí-kok, Pa-se, Lō͘-se-a, Hui-li̍p-pin, Ireland, Tâi-oân téng-téng. Chiàu chi̍t-koá kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat ê kui-tēng, li̍p-hoat ki-koan tī te̍k-sû ê chêng-hòng hā ē-sái bô keng-kòe hêng-chèng ki-koan ê tông-ì chiū chhú-siau chèng-hú ê hêng-chèng chit-lêng, tân-hāi sī chit khoán hêng-tōng ê tē-it ê kai-toāⁿ.

Tân-hāi ê Eng-gú *impeachment* lâi-chū Latin Gú, sī pī lia̍h-tiâu ê ì-sù. Chit-ê sû chham hiān-tāi Hoat-gú lāi ê tōng-sû *empêcher* iáu-koh-ū hiān-tāi Eng-gú lāi ê *impede* lūi-sū, ì-sù sī "chó͘-tòng". Tiong-sè í-lâi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ jīn-ûi hit-ê sû goân-chū Latin Gú lāi ê *impetere* (kong-kek), tān-sī che sī chhò-gō͘ ê.

Tân-hāi chin hán-tit khoàⁿ, tân-hāi si̍t-chè-siōng kan-na sī hoat-lu̍t-siōng ê chí-khòng, siong-tong î hêng-hoat lāi ê khí-sò͘. Pī-tân-hāi ê chèng-hú koaⁿ-oân biān-lîm tio̍h li̍p-hoat ki-koan soah-lo̍h-lâi ê tâu-phiò piáu-koat, lâi koat-tēng kám ài tùi tân-hāi ê chí-khòng tēng-chōe. Tāi-to-sò͘ kok-ka ê hiàn-hoat iau-kiû tâu-phiò kiat-kó sī ap-tó-sèng to-sò͘ chiah ē-ēng tēng-chōe.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chèng-tī
Anime

**Anime** (アニメ), iā to̍h sī **Ji̍t-pún tōng-ōe** (日本动画), sī thong-sè-kài tùi Ji̍t-pún chhut-sán he̍k-chiá sī chhiú-lō͘ óa Ji̍t-pún-khoán ê tōng-ōe ê hō-miâ. Pún jī tī Ji̍t-pún goân-lâi sī Eng-gí *animation* (tōng-ōe) ê kán-lio̍k, chiū sī "tōng-ōe" ê ì-sù.

Ji̍t-pún tī 1917 nî í-keng ū chá-kî ê tōng-ōe hông chè-chok, kàu 1960 nî-tāi í-āu, Tezuka Osamu ê chok-phín chhōa-thâu khai-sí tī kok-chè liû-hêng. Kàu 20 sè-kí bóe-kî, Ji̍t-pún kok-lāi kiam hái-gōa lóng ū tōa-liōng ê koan-chiòng.

Hiān-taⁿ choân Ji̍t-pún tāi-khài ū chhiau-kòe 430 keng ê tōng-ōe kang-chok-sek, lāi-bīn khah chhut-miâ ê ū Studio Ghibli, Gainax, Toei téng kong-si.

## Siong-koan
* Ji̍t-pún bàng-gah (Manga)

*
Gainax

**Tu-sek Hōe-siā GAINAX** (株式会社ガイナックス) sī Ji̍t-pún ê anime chè-chok kong-si, chóng-pō͘ siat tī Tang-kiaⁿ, khah chhut-miâ ê ū *[[Gunbuster]]*, *[[The Wings of Honneamise]]*, ** kap *[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]* téng chok-phín.

Lūi-pia̍t:Anime
Hiong-káng Ki-pún Hoat

***Hiong-káng Ki-pún Hoat*** (香港基本法), choân-miâ ***Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Ki-pún Hoat*** (中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法), sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe chè-tēng ê chi̍t phō choân-kok-sèng ê hoat-lu̍t, sī Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu ê hiàn-chè bûn-kiāⁿ, ùi 1997 nî 7 goe̍h chhe 1 khai-sí, chhú-tāi si̍t-bîn-tē sî-kî ê *[[Eng-hông Chè-khò]]* kap *[[Hông-sek Hùn-lēng]]* ê tē-ūi, khak-jīm liáu Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Chèng-hú ê cho͘-sêng pān-hoat, koân-le̍k kap chek-jīm, hām chham Tiong-kok Tiong-iong Chèng-hú ê koan-hē téng-téng.

1984 nî 12 goe̍h 19, Tiong-Eng keng-kòe 2 tang ê tâm-phoàⁿ liáu-āu chhiam-sú *[[Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng|Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng]]*, kái-koat liáu Hiong-káng chú-koân kui-sio̍k ê būn-tê. Kin-kì *Seng-bêng* ê tē-saⁿ toāⁿ ê tē-12 tiâu, Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ài í *Ki-pún Hoat* khak-li̍p Hiong-káng sī te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu, pēng àn-chiàu it-kok lióng-chè ê hong-chiam, pó-chèng chú-koân î-kau chêng ê chu-pún-chú-gī chè-tō͘ î-chhî 50 tang m̄-piàn, Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k só͘ si-hêng ê siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘ bōe thoàⁿ kàu Hiong-káng, Hiong-káng Te̍k-khu ē î-chhî ko-tō͘ chū-tī. Kin-kì *[[Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat]]* tē-31 tiâu kui-tēng, kok-ka tī pit-iàu sî ē-tàng siat-li̍p te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu, tī te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu lāi si̍t-hêng ê chè-tō͘ chiàu kū-thé chêng-hòng iû Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe í hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hiong-káng chèng-tī
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê chèng-tī
Takahasi Rumiko

**Takahasi Rumiko** (高橋留美子; 1957 nî 10 goe̍h 10 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Ji̍t-pún ê bān-ōe-ka, ū *[[Urusei Yatura]]* (うる星やつら), *[[Mizon It-khek]]* (めぞん一刻), *[[Ranma 1/2]]*, *[[Inuyasya]]*, *[[Kéng-kài ê RINNE]]* téng chok-phín.
Takahasi Yôiti

**Takahasi Yôiti** (高橋陽一; 1960 nî 7 goe̍h 28 chhut-sì) sī Ji̍t-pún ê bān-ōe kiam tōng-ōe-ka, siāng chhut-miâ ê chok-phín sī kha-kiû bān-ōe *[[Captain Tubasa]]*.
Chhau-chok tiâu-kiāⁿ-hòa

**Chhau-chok tiâu-kiāⁿ-hòa** (Eng-gí: *operant conditioning*), ia̍h hō chò **kang-kū-sèng tiâu-kiāⁿ-hòa** (*instrumental conditioning*) sī tōng-bu̍t ha̍k-si̍p ê hong-sek chi̍t khoán, tang-tiong hêng-ûi ê kiông-tō͘ siū tio̍h hêng-ûi kiat-kó, pí-lūn chióng-lē he̍k-chiá chhú-hoat lâi kái-piàn.

## Siong-koan
* Kó͘-tián tiâu-kiāⁿ-hòa
Tong-iōng Hàn-jī

**Tong-iōng hàn-jī** (当用漢字) sī Ji̍t-pún tī Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn tâu-hâng liáu-āu, tī Tông-bêng-kok ê chiàm-niá hā, tī 1946 nî 11 goe̍h 16 iû Ji̍t-pún lōe-koh hoat-pò͘ ê *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī-pió* (当用漢字表) lāi só͘ kong-pò͘ ê hàn-jī, lóng-chóng 1850 jī. Kóng-gī lâi kóng, iáu pau-hâm tio̍h *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī-pió* (当用漢字表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Pia̍t-pió* (当用漢字別表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Im-hùn-pió* (当用漢字音訓表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Jī-thé-pió* (当用漢字字体表), *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī Kái-tēng Im-hùn-pió* (当用漢字改訂音訓表) téng-téng chham hàn-jī chèng-chhek siong-koan ê hoat-lēng. Tong-iōng hàn-jī lo̍h-bóe khì hō͘ siông-iōng hàn-jī chhú-tāi.

## Kán-kài
Tong-iōng hàn-jī chú-iàu sī iû hàn-jī tiong sú-iōng-lu̍t koân ê hàn-jī cho͘-sêng, chò-ûi kong-bûn, mûi-thé téng-téng ê bûn-jī piáu-sī hoān-ûi ê iōng-tô͘. Kāng-sî, pō͘-hūn pit-ōe ho̍k-cha̍p ê thoân-thóng hàn-jī, mā kái-chò lio̍k-jī (略字).

Kî-si̍t ùi chiàn-chêng khai-sí, piáu-im-chú-gī-chiá chiū jīm-ûi hàn-jī ê sò͘-bo̍k siuⁿ chē, bô lī-piān ha̍k-si̍p, só͘-í kiông-ngē chú-tiuⁿ èng-kai ài oân-choân hùi-tû Ji̍t-bûn lāi ê hàn-jī, kái chò iōng kha-nah ûi-chú. In-chhú si̍t-chè-siōng í Bûn-pō͘-séng ûi tiong-sim, khai-sí siūⁿ-beh hān-chè hàn-jī ê sú-iōng. Tān-sī bîn-kan kap bûn-jī giân-gú ê ha̍k-chiá ê hoán-tùi siaⁿ-lōng siong-tong kiông-lia̍t, tì-sú chit hāng kái-kek bô-hoat-tō͘ chìn-hêng. Chiàn-āu in-ūi Tông-bêng-kok chiàm-niá, kok-jī ê kái-kek gī-tê in-ūi siā-hōe hun-jiáu, hêng-sêng liáu kái-kek ê kiōng-sek. Só͘-í iû piáu-im-chú-gī-chiá chú-tō, í chiong-lâi choân-bīn hùi-chí hàn-jī ûi chiân-tê, chè-tēng tong-iōng hàn-jī ê chèng-chhek, chho͘-pō͘ kai-toāⁿ seng kiám-chió hàn-jī tī Ji̍t-bûn tiong ê sú-iōng pí-lē.

Tān-sī tong-iōng hàn-jī pit-kèng kan-na sī chi̍t ê thò-hia̍p-sèng ê lōe-iông, piáu-im-chú-gī-chiá kap piáu-ì-chú-gī-chiá tùi hàn-jī ê chûn-sio̍k gī-tê, bô chek-ke̍k ê ióng-hō͘, iā bô chek-ke̍k ê hoán-tùi. Só͘-í piáu-im-hoà kap piáu-ì-hoà ê gī-tê iu-goân kè-sio̍k, pēng bô chin-chiàⁿ choân-bīn-sèng ê lâi hùi-chí hàn-jī, jû-chhú si̍t-hêng liáu 35-tang.

In-ūi tong-iōng hàn-jī san-tû liáu bōe-chió si̍t-chè-siōng sú-iōng-lu̍t chin koân ê hàn-jī, só͘-í tī 1981 nî, lōe-koh kong-kò͘ liáu kan-na chò-ûi "bo̍k-piau", m̄-sī "kiông-chè" ê *Siông-iōng Hàn-jī* (常用漢字), tui-ka 196 ê sin ê hàn-jī, peng hùi-chí liáu *Tong-iōng Hàn-jī-pió* kán-hoà kap hān-chè hàn-jī ê chèng-chhek.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hàn-jī
Chhun-chhiu Ngó͘-pà

縮圖
**Chhun-chhiu Ngó͘-pà** (春秋五霸) sī Tiong-kok Tong Chiu Chhun-chhiu sî-tāi sio kè-sêng pà-chú ê 5 ūi chu-hô; án-ne ê kóng-hoat chhut-hiān tī *[[Chhun-chhiu Chó--sī Toān|Chhun-chhiu Chó-sī Toān]]* lāi.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chiu-tiâu
Thian-châi

**Thian-châi** (天才) sī tián-hiān liáu chhut-chèng ê tì-le̍k kap chhòng-ì ê lâng. Chia-ê chhòng-ì thong-siông sī kóng tī bó͘-chi̍t ê ia̍h-sī bó͘-chi̍t-koá léng-he̍k tián-hiān chiân-só͘-bī-iú ê tōng-chhat-le̍k.

Tī kho-ha̍k siōng, tùi thian-châi nn̄g ê jī pēng bô chún-khak ê tēng-gī. Thian-châi chit-ê iōng-gú ê sú-iōng iu-goân sī cheng-lūn-sèng ê gī-tê. Thian-châi ē-tàng hêng-iông chi̍t ê lâng ê bó͘-chióng te̍k-sû ê châi-lêng; mā ē-sái iōng tī-leh thong-hiáu ta̍k hong-bīn ha̍k-būn ê phok-ha̍k-chiá, pí-lūn kóng Isaac Newton kap Leonardo da Vinci. He̍k-chiá sī bó͘-chi̍t ê léng-he̍k ê gâu-lâng, chhin-chhiūⁿ Albert Einstein kap Stephen Hawking. Tùi "sī siáⁿ-mi̍h goân-in chō-chiū liáu thian-châi", bo̍k-chiân kho-ha̍k-kài tng teh gián-kiù tiong, tān-sī tī sim-lí-ha̍k-kài í-keng thê-chhut liáu siong-koan ê kiàn-kái. Chē-chē thian-châi sī cheng-sîn-pēⁿ ê hoān-chiá, chhin-chhiūⁿ Vincent van Gogh kap Ernest Hemingway téng-téng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Su-sióng
Lūi-pia̍t:Kàu-io̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Chheng-hō
Lí-kái

**Lí-kái** (理解), koh hō-chò **liáu-kái **(了解), **chai-iáⁿ** (知影), sī chi̍t chióng sim-lí ê kòe-têng, hām chhin-chhiūⁿ lâng, chêng-hêng kap sìn-sit chi-lūi ê bó͘-chi̍t chióng thiu-siōng he̍k-chiá sī ū-hêng ê tùi-siōng siong-koan. Chi̍t ê lâng ē-tàng ùi che ka-kiông su-khó, pēng ūn-iōng khài-liām tùi tùi-siōng ka-í sek-tong ê chhú-lí.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hêng-ûi
Sam-kong Ngó͘-siông

**Sam-kong Ngó͘-siông** (三綱五常), he̍k-chiá **kong-siông** (綱常), sī Tiong-kok Jû-ka lûn-lí bûn-hoà tiong ê kè-kò͘. **Sam-kong** sī saⁿ chióng Jû-ka jīn-tēng ê lûn-lí koan-hē ê goân-chek: kun ûi sîn kong, hū ûi chú kong, hu ûi chhe kong (君為臣綱 父為子綱 夫為妻綱). **Ngó͘-siông** sī gō͘ chióng Jû-ka jīn-tēng ê jîn-lûn koan-hē ê goân-chek: jîn, gī, lé, tì, sìn (仁義禮智信).

Lūi-pia̍t:Jû-ka su-sióng
Bí-siàu-lú Chiàn-sū Sailor Moon

**Bí-siàu-lú Chiàn-sū Sailor Moon** (美少女戦士セーラームーン *bisyôzyo sensi sêrâ mûn*) sī Ji̍t-pún ê siàu-lú bān-ōe, goân chok-chiá sī Takeuti Naoko, siāng chá sī 1991 nî ê sî tī *[[Nakayosi]]* cha̍p-chì téng-bīn liân-chài kàu 1997 nî; mā hun 18 chheh tan-hêng-pún chhut-pán, lēng-gōa koh ū Toei Animation chè-chok ê Anime pán-pún. It is written in the Georgian alphabet.

Lūi-pia̍t:Siàu-lú bàng-gah
Tōng-bu̍t hùn-liān

**Tōng-bu̍t hùn-liān** sī kà tōng-bu̍t te̍k-pia̍t	kang-hu ê kòe-têng, khah phó͘-thong ê hong-sek sī lī-ēng tiâu-kiāⁿ-hòa (*conditioning*) kap chhì-kek.
Yasuda Mitiyo

**Yasuda Mitiyo** (保田道世; 1939 nî 4 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 2016 nî 10 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī Ji̍t-pún ê tōng-ōe-su, sek-chhái siat-kè-su, ūi Toei Animation, Sin-Ei Tōng-ōe, Ji̍t-pún Animation, Topcraft kap Ghibli ê chok-phín chò khang-khòe.
Tha̍k-bē Sin-bûn

**Tha̍k-bē Sin-bûn** (読売新聞 *yomiuri sinbun*; Eng-gí: *Yomiuri Shimbun*) sī Ji̍t-pún ê chú-iàu choân-kok sin-bûn-chóa chi it, sin-bûn-siā hun chò Tang-kiaⁿ, Tāi-pán kap Se-pō͘ (Fukuoka) pún-siā. In sī thong sè-kài hoat-hêng-liōng siāng tōa ê sin-bûn pò-chóa.
Tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ

右|縮圖|220x220像素
**Tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ** (重力場) sī biâu-su̍t chi̍t ê bu̍t-thé tī khong-kan tiong siū-tio̍h tiōng-le̍k chok-iōng ê tiûⁿ. Jīm-hô ióng-iú chit-liōng ê bu̍t-thé lóng ē sán-seng kap hiáng-èng tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ. Lán iōng **tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ kiông-tō͘** lâi biâu-su̍t tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ hām bu̍t-thé chi-kan hō͘-siong chok-iōng ê sèng-chit. Tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ kiông-tō͘ ê tēng-gī sī:
: \mathbf{E} = \frac{\mathbf{F}}{m}
Kî-tiong, **F** sī chit-tiám *m* tī tiûⁿ tiong siū-tio̍h ê tiōng-le̍k. Iû bān-iú-ín-le̍k tēng-lu̍t:
: \mathbf{F} = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^3}\mathbf{r}
Mā thang hó siá chò:
: \mathbf{E} = G \frac{m}{r^3}\mathbf{r}
Chia ê *m* sī sán-seng tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ ê bu̍t-thé chit-liōng, **r** sī nn̄g ê bu̍t-thé chi-kan ê ūi-sí (位矢), *r* sī i-ê bô͘-liōng, *G* sī bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘.

Lūi-pia̍t:Thian-thé le̍k-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Thian-thé bu̍t-lí-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiōng-le̍k
Bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘

右|縮圖|300x300像素|Bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘ G, tī-leh nn̄g ê bu̍t-thé chi-kan ê éng-hióng.
**Bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘** (萬有引力常數), kì-chò ***G***, sī chi̍t ê pau-hâm tī ū chit-liōng ê bu̍t-thé chi-kan ê bān-iú-ín-le̍k ê kè-sǹg tiong ê si̍t-giām bu̍t-lí-ha̍k siông-sò͘. I chhut-hiān chāi Newton ê bān-iú-ín-le̍k tēng-lu̍t hām Einstein ê it-poaⁿ siong-tùi-sèng lí-lūn lāi. I iā ē-tàng hō-chò **tiōng-le̍k siông-sò͘** (重力常數) he̍k-chiá **Newton siông-sò͘**. Bô èng-kai kā *G* chham sió-siá ê *g* saⁿ-hūn, āu-piah ê sī kio̍k-pō͘ tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ, iû-kî sī tī tē-kiû ê piáu-bīn.

Kin-kì bān-iú-ín-le̍k tēng-lu̍t, nn̄g ê bu̍t-thé ê khip-ín-le̍k *F* hām nn̄g ê chit-liōng *m*1 kap *m*2 ê sêng-chek sêng chiàⁿ-pí, ah chham in-ê kī-lī *r* ê pêng-hong sêng hoán-pí:
:  F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}. 
Kî-tiong ê pí-lē siông-sò͘ *G* chiū sī bān-iú-ín-le̍k siông-sò͘.

Lūi-pia̍t:Thian-thé le̍k-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiōng-le̍k
Tē-kiû ê tiōng-le̍k

**Tē-kiû ê tiōng-le̍k** sī in-ūi tē-kiû pún-sin ê chit-liōng só͘ kū-iú ê tiōng-le̍k. Tē-kiû piáu-bīn ê tiōng-le̍k ka-sok-tō͘ pī piáu-sī chò ***g***, kīn-sū téng-î ta̍k pêng-hong-bió 9.8 bí he̍k-chiá sī ta̍k pêng-hong-bió 32 eng-chhioh. Che piáu-sī kóng, nā-sī hut-lio̍k khong-khì chó͘-le̍k ê sî, bu̍t-thé tī tē-kiû piáu-bīn téng-koân chū-iû hā-lo̍h ê ka-sok-tō͘ sī 9.8 m/s2. Ì-sù chiū sī kóng, chēng-chí bu̍t-kiāⁿ hā-lo̍h 1 bió-cheng liáu-āu ê sok-tō͘ sī 9.8m/s, 2 bió liáu-āu sī 19.6 m/s. Tē-kiû pún-sin mā siū-tio̍h hā-lo̍h bu̍t-thé kāng-khoán toā-sè ê tiōng-le̍k ka-sok, iā chiū sī kóng tē-kiû ē tiâu hā-lo̍h bu̍t-thé ê hong-hiòng ka-sok-tō͘ soá-tāng, tān-sī tē-kiû chit-liōng oán tāi-î hā-lo̍h bu̍t-thé ê chit-liōng, só͘-í hā-lo̍h-bu̍t tùi tē-kiû ê ka-sok-tō͘ sī hui-siông ê sió.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiōng-le̍k
Kok-tēng Chū-jiân Tē-kéng

**Kok-tēng Chū-jiân Tē-kéng** (國定自然地景) sī iû tiong-iong chú-koán ki-koan Hêng-chèng-īⁿ Lông-gia̍p Úi-oân-hōe àn-chiàu *Bûn-hoà Chu-sán Pó-chûn Hoat* (文化資產保護法) sím-cha chí-tēng ê kū-iú pó-io̍k chū-jiân kè-ta̍t ê chū-jiân khu-he̍k, tē-hêng, si̍t-bu̍t kap khòng-bu̍t. Àn-chiàu i-ê sèng-chit, khu-hun chò chū-jiân pó-liû-khu (自然保留區) kap chū-jiân kì-liām-bu̍t (自然紀念物); chū-jiân kì-liām-bu̍t pau-hâm tin-kùi hi-iú ê si̍t-bu̍t kap khòng-bu̍t.

## Kok-tēng chū-jiân pó-liû-khu
*Koan-tāu Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Hah-phûn Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Oan-iuⁿ-ô͘ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Pêⁿ-nâ Tâi-oân Iû-sam Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Tām-chúi Âng-chhiū-nâ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Biâu-le̍k Sam-gī Hóe-iām-soaⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Tâi-tang Âng-hio̍h-chhun Tâi-tang Sō͘-thih Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Tāi-bú Sū-gia̍p-khu Tâi-oân Sūi-hoe-sam Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Tāi-bú-soaⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Chhah-thiⁿ-soaⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Lâm-ò Khoah-hio̍h Chhiū-nâ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Phêⁿ-ô͘ Hiân-bú-giâm Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*A-lí-san Tâi-oân It-ia̍p-lân Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Chhut-hûn-soaⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*O͘-soaⁿ-téng Nî-hóe-soaⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Oat-á-bóe Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*O͘-chio̍h-phīⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Khún-teng Ko-ūi San-ô͘-chiau Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Kiú-kiú-hong Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Phêⁿ-ô͘ Lâm-hái Hiân-bú-giâm Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Hiok-hái Koan-im-phīⁿ Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu
*Pak-tâu-chio̍h Chū-jiân Pó-liû-khu

## Kok-tēng chū-jiân kì-liām-bu̍t

Lūi-pia̍t:Tâi-oân tē-lí
Bûn-hòa ûi-sán

**Bûn-hoà ûi-sán** (), koh hō-chò **bûn-hoà chu-sán** (文化資產), **bûn-hoà châi-sán** (文化財產) he̍k-chiá **bûn-hoà-châi** (文化財), sī kū-iú le̍k-sú, gē-su̍t, kho-ha̍k téng-téng bûn-hoà pó-chûn kè-ta̍t, pēng keng-iû chèng-hú ki-koan he̍k-chiá kok-chè cho͘-chit chí-tēng ia̍h-sī teng-lo̍k ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Khài-liām-siōng ē-tàng hun-chò "iú-hêng bûn-hoà ûi-sán" kap "bû-hêng bûn-hoà ûi-sán".

Lūi-pia̍t:Phok-bu̍t-koán

Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-hoà jîn-lūi-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Khó-kó͘-ha̍k
ISO Lô-má-hòa lia̍t-toaⁿ

Pún lia̍t-toaⁿ khai-lia̍t kok giân-gí bûn-jī ê Lô-má-jī-hòa ISO phiau-chún hē-thóng

*ISO 9 &mdash; Kyril jī
*ISO 233 &mdash; A-la-pek bûn-jī
*ISO 259 &mdash; Hi-pek-lâi jī
*ISO 843 &mdash; Hi-lia̍p-jī
*ISO 3602 &mdash; Ji̍t-pún-gí
*ISO 7098 &mdash; Hôa-gí
*ISO 9984 &mdash; Georgia bûn-jī
*ISO 9985 &mdash; Armenia bûn-jī
*ISO 11940 &mdash; Thài-kok-jī
*ISO 11940-2 &mdash; Thài-kok-jī (kán-hòa)
*ISO 11941 &mdash; Ko-lê-jī
*ISO 15919 &mdash; Ìn-tō͘-sek bûn-jī 

## Siong-koan
*ISO phiau-chún lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Liân-kiat
*ISO field 01.140.10 &mdash; Writing and transliteration
Hù-sū-san

**Hù-sū-san** (-soaⁿ; 富士山 *huzisan*) sī Ji̍t-pún Sizuoka-koān kiam Yamanasi-koān lāi ê chiâⁿ-chân hóe-soaⁿ, sī Ji̍t-pún siāng koân ê soaⁿ, chòe koân soaⁿ-hong sī Kengamine (剣ヶ峰). Hù-sū-san sī Ji̍t-pún kok-ka siōng-teng, phó͘-phiàn ê gē-su̍t chhòng-chok goân-sò͘.

Lūi-pia̍t:Oa̍h-hóe-soaⁿ
Dario Fo

**Dario Fo** () sī Í-tāi-lī ê bûn-ha̍k-ka, 1997 nî ê Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng ê ti̍t-chióng-jîn.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bûn-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
Lūi-pia̍t:Í-tāi-lī jîn-bu̍t
Gioachino Rossini

**Gioachino Rossini** (1792 nî 2 goe̍h 29 – 1868 nî 11 goe̍h 13) sī Italia ê chok-khek-ka, siá kòe 39 chhut opera, tī i tong-sî sī siāng chhut-miâ ê opera chok-khek-ka chi-it.
Étienne Carjat

**Étienne Carjat** (1828 nî 3 goe̍h 28 – 1906 nî 3 goe̍h 19) sī Hoat-kok ê kì-chiá, hàm-ōe (*caricature*) ōe-chiá kiam siá-chin-ka. I mā sī cha̍p-chì *Le Diogène* ê chhòng-pān-chí. Carjat chin chhut-miâ--ê sī choan-bûn teh ōe Pa-lí jîn-sū ê hàm-ōe.
Caricature

**Caricature** sī chi̍t lūi chiong lâng ê bô͘-iūⁿ kap siā-hōe tāi-chì ēng hám-kóng phòng-hong ê hông-hoat piáu-hiān ê tô͘-ōe. Chit khoán ōe-tô͘ ê chhiú-lō͘ tiāⁿ hong ēng tī sî-sū bān-ōe téng-bīn.
Lô-má-hòa

**Lô-má-hòa** tī giân-gí-ha̍k ê ì-sù sī chiong chi̍t khoán hui Lô-má-jī hē-thóng ê bûn-jī, choán chò sī Lô-má-jī ê hêng-sek. Lô-má-hòa ê hong-hoat pau-koat choán-siá (*transcription*), chio̍h sī ho͘-im ê kì-lio̍k; he̍k-chiá sī choán-jī (*transliteration*), ia̍h tio̍h sī bûn-jī ê thè-ōaⁿ; í-kip chia nn̄g khoán hong-hoat ê saⁿ-lām.

Lô-má-hòa ū-sî sī chi̍t khoán giân-gí ê sú-iōng-chiá pún-sin ài sú-iōng, ia̍h ū-sî sī chiam-tùi it-tēng ê tùi-siōng gí-giân ūi tio̍h hoan-e̍k he̍k-chiá sī kî-tha piáu-hiān ê su-iàu só͘ sú-iōng, só͘-í mā tiāⁿ ū te̍k-pia̍t ūi tùi-siōng giân-gí an-pâi ê Lô-má-hòa hē-thóng, phì-jū Ji̍t-gí ê Hepburn-sek Lô-má-jī, chio̍h sī ūi Eng-gí kóng-chiá siat-kè--ê. 

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

; Iú-kuan Lating-huà
* IPA for Urdu and Roman Urdu for Mobile and Internet Users (Download) 
* Microsoft Transliteration Utility&nbsp;– A tool for creating, debugging and using transliteration modules from any script to any other script.
* Randall Barry (ed.) *ALA-LC Romanization Tables* U.S. Library of Congress, 1997, . (One of the few printed books with lists of romanizations)
* U.S. Library of Congress Romanization Tables in PDF format
* UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems
* Unicode Transliteration Guidelines
Chiu Iú-kong

**Chiu Iú-kong** (周有光; 1906 nî 1 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 2017 nî 1 goe̍h 14 ji̍t), goân miâ **Chiu Iāu-pêng** (周耀平), sī So͘-chiu chhut-sin ê Tiong-kok giân-gí-ha̍k-ka kiam gí-bûn kái-kek chhiòng-gī-chiá. I chá-liân pat chia̍h kim-hiông thâu-lō͘ kap chò keng-chè ha̍k-su̍t, tè-bé choán kòe gián-kiù giân-gí bûn-jī, 1950 nî-tāi chham-ka liáu Hàn-gú Pheng-im Hong-àn chè-tēng ê chú-chhî.
Tāi-piáu

Gē-su̍t-siōng kóng ê **tāi-piáu** (Eng-gí: *representation*), sī kóng keng-kòe kì-tì, mûi-thé he̍k-chiá chhòng-chok piáu-hiān chhut it-tēng ê tùi-siòng; nā gē-su̍t lí-lūn lâi kóng sī ēng kì-hō (*sign*) lâi tāi-piáu lēng-gōa chi̍t hāng mi̍h-kiāⁿ.
Bibendum

**Bibendum**, it-poaⁿ hông kiò chò **Michelin Lâng**, sī Michelin thái-iah kong-si ê kóng-kò ang-á. Chit sian ang-á sī 1894 nî Lyon Phok-lám-hōe ê sî-chūn thui-chhut--ê.
Thài-iah

200px|縮圖|右|Siu-kái Thài-iah
**Thài-iah** (Eng-gí: *tire*) sī îⁿ-kho͘-á hêng ê kau-thong kang-kū lêng-kiāⁿ, sǹg sì lián-á ê chi̍t pō͘ hūn, choan-bûn tàu tī chū-tōng-chhia, o͘-tó͘-bái, to̍k-lián-chhia téng ūn-su kang-kū, pún-sin ê tân-sèng ē khip-siu tō-lō͘ châi-chit chō-sêng ê chìn-tōng, hō͘ chhia ē-tàng chiàu lí-sióng lâi tín-tāng.

## Chham-chiàu
Benham-kip khu-tio̍k-lām

**Benham-kip khu-tio̍k-lām** (Eng-bûn: **) sī Bí-kok hái-kun tī tē-jī-chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn chi-chêng ê chi̍t khoán khu-tio̍k-lām.
Cannon-kip hō͘-ōe khu-tio̍k-lām

**Cannon-kip hō͘-ōe khu-tio̍k-lām** (Eng-bûn: **) sī Bí-kok hái-kun tī tē-jī-chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn kî-kan khí-chō ê chi̍t khoán khu-tio̍k-lām; lóng-chóng 72 chiah.
Tân Kiàn-úi

**Tân Kiàn-úi** (陳建瑋; Eng-bûn miâ: ; ) sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2014 nî kah 2016 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka tâi-gú koa-chhiú.
Mahan-kip khu-tio̍k-lām

**Mahan-kip khu-tio̍k-lām** (Eng-bûn: **) sī Bí-kok hái-kun tī 1934 chì 1935 nî kiàn-chō ê chi̍t khoán khu-tio̍k-lām; lóng-chóng 18 chiah.
Sampson-kip khu-tio̍k-lām

**Sampson-kip khu-tio̍k-lām** (Eng-bûn: **) sī Bí-kok hái-kun tī tē-it-chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn sî-tāi ê chi̍t khoán khu-tio̍k-lām; lóng-chóng 6 chiah.
Portland-kip sûn-iûⁿ-lām

**Portland-kip sûn-iûⁿ-lām** (Eng-bûn: **) sī Bí-kok hái-kun ê chi̍t khoán tāng sûn-iûⁿ-lām; lóng-chóng 2 chiah.
Aztec Tè-kok

**Aztec Tè-kok**, pún-sin sī Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Mexico-Texcoco, kap Mexico-Tlacopan 3-ê "altepetl" (siâⁿ-chhī kok-ka) cho͘-ha̍p--khì-lâi ê **Sam-kok Liân-bêng** (Nahuatl-gí: Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān; ho͘-im: [ˈjéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥]). In tùi 1428 nî khai-sí thóng-tī Mexico Kok-tē (*Valley of Mexico*), tè-bé tī 1521 nî hō͘ Hernán Cortés chhōa-thâu ê Se-pan-gâ *[[conquistadores]]* kiam chāi-tē sè-le̍k liâm-ha̍p cheng-ho̍k.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-kok
Meme

**Meme** ("mím") tāi-khāi ê ì-sù sī kóng chi̍t-ê bûn-hòa ē-té tī lâng kap lâng chi kan liû-thong ê chi̍t thò siūⁿ-hoat, hêng-ûi he̍k-chiá sī iūⁿ-sek. Pún khài-liām goân-té sī chìn-hòa lí-lūn-ka Richard Dawkins thê-chhut, bé chioh ûi-thoân-chú (*gene*) koan-liām lâi ké-soeh bûn-hòa ê piàn-hòa. To̍h ná chhiūⁿ ûi-thoân-ha̍k ê *gene* ē-tàng tòa ûi-thoân sìn-sit, *meme* sī lí-lūn-sèng ê bûn-hòa chài-thé.

## Siong-koan
* Internet meme
Doge (meme)

**Doge** sī 2013 nî khai-sí liû-hêng ê chi̍t khoán bāng-lō͘ meme, lāi-bîn hâm chi̍t chiah chhâ-khián, kiam chi̍t thò te̍k-sû--ê, sú-iōng kán-tan Eng-gí ê kóng-ōe hong-sek, tiāⁿ tī chhâ-khián ê sióng-phìⁿ he̍k-chiá sī iáⁿ-phìn ka chiūⁿ ēng Comic Sans jī-thé siá--ê bûn-jî.

Pún meme goân-thâu sī 2010 nî ê sî-chūn chi̍t chiah chhâ-khián ê siòng-phìⁿ. Té-bé, i chiâⁿ chòe sī 2013 nî *[[Know Your Meme]]* bāng-chām téng-bīn tong-nî ê "top meme". Kâng-nî ê 12 goe̍h, koh ū lâng hoat-tián kiò chó sī "Dogecoin" ê àm-bé thong-hòe.

Lūi-pia̍t:Bāng-lō͘ meme
Doge

:*"Doge" ê kî-tha ì-sù, chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ [[Doge (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)]].*

**Doge** () sī Italia chi̍t khoán kiōng-hô chè-tō͘ ê léng-tō-chiá hâm-thâu, chhut-hiān tī tiong-sè-kí kap bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng sî-tāi ê Italia siâⁿ-chhī kok-ka. Doge tī Venice-gí sī hō chò *Doxe*; nā Genoa-gí sī *duxe*.
Doge (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

**Doge** ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* Doge, Italia ê siâⁿ-chhī kok-ka léng-tō-chiá hâm-thâu.
* Döge, Hiong-gâ-lī ê chng-thâu.
* Doge (meme), bān-lō͘ téng-bīn liû-hêng ê chhòng-chok.
Chhâ-khián

**Chhâ-khián** (柴犬 *siba inu*) sī Ji̍t-pún goân-sán ê chi̍t khoán Ji̍t-pún-khián phín-chéng, kang--ê sîn-koân 35 kàu 43 kong-hun; bó--ê 33 kàu 41 kong-hun. Pún chéng goân-lâi sī pôe-ióng beh chò phah-la̍h khang-khòe, chit-má lâng tiāⁿ chhī in chò-phōaⁿ.
Chiā Bêng-iū

**Chiā Bêng-iū** (謝銘祐; ) sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2013 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka tâi-gú koa-chhiú.
Hong-san-liōng

**Hong-san-liōng** (荒山亮; ), pún-miâ **Kán Sè-liōng** (簡世亮), sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2012 nî kah 2016 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka tâi-gú koa-chhiú.
Ang Li̍p-iú

**Ang Li̍p-iú** (翁立友; ), pún-miâ **Ang Phan-húi** (翁攀斐), sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2009 nî kah 2016 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka tâi-gú koa-chhiú.
Ông Sek-hiân

**Ông sek-hiân** (王識賢; ) sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2005 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka tâi-gú koa-chhiú.
Biung Tak-Banuaz

**Biung Tak-Banuaz** (Bunun-gí choân-miâ: **Biung Sauhluman Tankisia Takisvislainan Tak-Banuaz**; ), hàn-miâ: **Ông hông-un** (王宏恩), sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2002 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka hong-giân koa-chhiú.
Lô Sî-hong

**Lô sî-hong** (羅時豐; ), mā-ū bat sú-iōng **Lô ú-hiông** (羅宇雄) chit-ê miâ, sī Tâi-oân ê cha-po͘ koa-chhiú. I sī 2001 nî kim-khiok-chióng chòe-ka hong-giân koa-chhiú.
Sé-hîm-kho

**Sé-hîm-kho**, Latin hō-miâ **Procyonidae**, sī Chia̍h-bah-bo̍k seng-oa̍h tī Bí-chiu ê chi̍t kho, ē-té hâm sé-hîm, coati, kinkajou, olingo téng lūi.
Tiong-sin-sè

**Tiong-sin-sè** (Eng-gí: *Miocene*) sī tē-chit sî-tāi lāi-bīn Sin-seⁿ-kí ê thâu chi̍t tōaⁿ, sî-kan tùi 23.03 kàu 5.332 pah-bān-nî-chêng.

Pún sî-kî ê hō-miâ sī Charles Lyell tēng--ê, chhú Hi-lia̍p-gí *meiōn* (μείων, "khah-kiám") kap *kainos* (καινός, "sin"), ì-sù sī "bô hiá-nī kīn", in-ūi pún sî-tāi ê tōng-bu̍t pí Sian-sin-sè (*Pliocene*) koh khah kó͘.
Sian-sin-sè

**Sian-sin-sè** (鮮新世; Eng-gí: *Pliocene*) sī tē-chit sî-tāi lāi-bīn Sin-seⁿ-kí ê āu tōaⁿ, sî-kan tāi-khāi sī 5.333 kàu 2.58 pah-bān-nî-chêng.
Glasgow

**Glasgow** (Eng-gí: *Glasgow*; So͘-kat-lân-gí: *Glesga*; So͘-kat-lân Kài-ní-gí: *Glaschu*) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok So͘-kat-lân ê chi̍t ê gī-khu (*council area*).


Lūi-pia̍t:So͘-kat-lân ê gī-khu
Lauter Khe

***Lauter*** sī lâu kòe Tek-kok kiam Hoat-kok ê chi̍t tiâu sió-khe, sio̍k Rhine Hô ê chi-liû, tn̂g-tō͘ ū 55 kong-lí. Pún khe sī *Scheidbach* kap *Wartenbach* tī Hinterweidenthal pak-pêng sio ha̍p liáu-āu, lâu kòe Dahn, chìn-ji̍p Hoat-kok, keng-kòe Wissembourg, lâu ji̍p Rhine Hô chìn-chêng sī Hoat-kok kap Tek-kok ê pian-kài
Peptide

**Peptide** ("phé-phuh-thait") sī an-ki-sng tan-goân siū peptide kiat-ha̍p chok-iōng liân chò-hóe san-seng ê seng-bu̍t bu̍t-chit.
Iraq Kurdistan

**Iraq Kurdistan**, chiàu Iraq chèng-hú hō-miâ sī **Kurdistan Tē-he̍k** (Eng-gí: *Kurdistan Region*; A-la-pek-gí: إقليم كردستان *Iqlīm Kurdistān‎*; Kurd-gí: هه‌رێمی کوردستان *Herêmî Kurdistan*), sī Iraq pak-pō͘ ê chū-tī tē-he̍k, siū Kurdistan Tē-he̍k Chèng-hú koán-lí, pau-hâm Erbil Séng, Sulaymaniyah Séng, Dohuk Séng kap Halabja Séng, siú-hú siat tī Erbil.

In tī 2014 nî chiàm-niá liáu chi̍t kóa chìn-chêng kap Iraq tiong-iong chèng-hú cheng-gī ê thó͘-tē, mā sī tong-nî í-āu teng teh kah ISIL sio-chiàn ê sè-le̍k chi it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kurdistan
Hui-chiu chang-chhiū-bâ

**Hui-chiu chang-chhiū-bâ** (Eng-gí: *African palm civet*), ha̍k-miâ ***Nandinia binotata***, sī chi̍t khoán sè-hêng ê chia̍h-bah-bo̍k tōng-bu̍t, chhùn-chhioh óa chhù-niau, seng-oa̍h tī tang-pō͘ Hui-chiu ê nâ-á lāi. Chá-chêng pún khoán tōng-bu̍t sī hông hun tī Viverridae kho ē-té, tè-bé mā ū lâng chiong i hun chò sī to̍k-li̍p ê **Nandiniidae** kho lāi î-it chi̍t chéng.
Jia̍t

**Jia̍t** (熱), he̍k-chiá **jia̍t-liōng** (熱量), sī in-ūi un-tō͘ chha-pia̍t só͘ choán-î ê lêng-liōng; iā sī kóng 1 kong-khek ê chúi, tī 1 tāi-khì-ap hā, un-tō͘ thê-seng 1 liap-sī só͘ su-iàu ka-ji̍p hē-thóng lāi ê lêng-liōng. Tī un-tō͘ bô-kāng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chi-kan, jia̍t-liōng éng-oán sī ùi un-tō͘ koân ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ hiòng un-tō͘ kē ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ thoân-tē; chiū-sǹg sī tī téng-un kòe-têng tiong, mi̍h-kiāⁿ chi-kan ê un-tō͘ mā ē put-toàn chhut-hiān bî-sió ê chha-pia̍t, thàu-kòe jia̍t-liōng thoân-tē ta̍t-tiò sin ê pêng-hêng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Lêng-goân
Lūi-pia̍t:Êng-ióng-ha̍k
Lūi-pia̍t:Jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k
Kheng sûn-iûⁿ-lām

縮圖|250x250像素
**Kheng sûn-iûⁿ-lām** (輕巡洋艦), sī sûn-iûⁿ-lām ê chi̍t lūi, it-poaⁿ kóng ê sī tī pâi-chúi-liōng, chong-kah kap hóe-le̍k hong-bīn pí khu-tio̍k-lām kiông, tān-sī pí tāng sûn-iûⁿ-lām jio̍k ê kun-lām. Kheng sûn-iûⁿ-lām it-poaⁿ lâi kóng lóng ū chng pí khu-tio̍k-lām khah-kiông ê chú-phàu, sêng-taⁿ hoán-khòng chúi-bīn sió-hêng-lām kap si̍t-bîn-tē sûn-lô ê jīm-bū. Lo̍h-bóe in-ūi hâng-khong-bú-lām chiàn-tò͘-kûn ê chhut-hiān tah-phòe, hō͘ hū-tam ê jīm-bū to-goân-hoà.

Lūi-pia̍t:Sûn-iûⁿ-lām
Lūi-pia̍t:Kun-lām
Kun-sū hêng-tōng

**Kun-sū hêng-tōng** ê ì-sù ū khó-lêng sī:

* Chok-chiàn (*military operation*)
* Chiàn-e̍k (*military campaign*)
Chok-chiàn

**Chok-chiàn** (Eng-gí: *military operation*) sī kun-sū sè-le̍k tùi hoat-tián tang tiong ê chōng-hóng só͘ hoán-èng ê keng-kòe kè-ōe ê hêng-tōng.
Sarah Winnemucca

**Sarah Winnemucca** (iok 1844 nî – 1891 nî 10 goe̍h 16), Paiute cho̍k miâ sī **Thocmectony** (ū chē khoán siá-hoat) sī Bí-kok ê kàu-io̍k-chiá, goân-chūn-bīn léng-tō-chiá kiam chok-ka. I pat siá kòe *Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims*, kì-chài Pak Paiute lâng ê seng-góa, kap in só͘ tú tio̍h ê Se-iûⁿ éng-hióng, sī tong-sî chin hán--tit ū ê Bí-kok goân-chū-bîn tì-chok.

## Chham-khó
*
Margaret Sanger

**Margaret Sanger** (1879 nî 9 goe̍h 14 ji̍t – 1966 nî 9 goe̍h 6 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok seng-sán khòng-chè ūn-tōng ê thê-chhiòng-chiá. I tī 1921 nî chhòng-siat Bí-kok Seng-sán Khòng-chè Liân-bêng (*American Birth Control League*). I tè-bé koh kòe Au-chiu, cho͘-chit 1927 nî ùi Geneva ê Sè-kài Jîn-kháu Hōe-gī (*World Population Conference*). Āu--lâi mā khì Ji̍t-pún kap Ìn-tō͘ soan-thoân lí-liām.

## Chham-khó
*
Khah-lō͘-lí

**Khah-lō͘-lí** (*calorie*; **cal**), kán-chheng **khah**, i-ê tēng-gī sī: chāi 1 tāi-khì-ap (101.325 kPa) hā, kā 1 kong-khek ê chúi thê-seng 1 liap-sī un-tō͘ só͘ su-iàu ka-ji̍p ê jia̍t-liōng.

## Èng-iōng
* Hiān-tāi kho-ha̍k í-keng phó͘-phiàn chhái-iōng Joule chò-ûi jia̍t-liōng ê bu̍t-lí tan-ūi. Êng-ióng-ha̍k it-poaⁿ chhái-iōng "15℃ khah-lō͘-lí".
* Tī Au-chiu phó͘-phiàn sú-iōng Joule, tī Bí-kok sī chhái-iōng khah-lō͘-lí chò-ûi chia̍h-mi̍h jia̍t-liōng ê hoat-tēng tan-ūi. Sui-jiân Joule mā sī Tiong-kok ê hoat-tēng tan-ūi, tān-sī in-ūi thoân-thóng, só͘-í khah-lō͘-lí tī Tiong-kok iu-goân pī kóng-hoàn sú-iōng.
* Kalori Hesaplama

Lūi-pia̍t:Lêng-liōng ê tan-ūi
Tiong-kok ê Hu̍t-kàu

[右|縮圖|300x300像素|<font color="#cc7662">'''Âng'''</font>: [Se-chōng Hu̍t-kàu chhut-hiān chìn-chêng ê thoân-pò͘ lō͘-soàⁿ tô͘ 
**Nâ**: Siōng-chō-pō͘ Hu̍t-kàu ê thoân-pò͘ lō͘-soàⁿ tô͘
]]
**Tiong-kok ê Hu̍t-kàu** (中國-佛教) sī tī Tiong-kok liû-thoân ê Hu̍t-kàu hêng-sek, sī í hàn-jī kì-chài keng-tián ê Hu̍t-kàu. Tiong-kok ê Hu̍t-kàu in-ūi le̍k-sú ê goân-in, éng-hióng tio̍h chē-chē hàn-jī bûn-hoà-khoan ê kok-ka, chhin-chhiūⁿ Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó, Tâi-oân, Ji̍t-pún kap Oa̍t-lâm, só͘-í iā hō-chò **Hàn-thoân Hu̍t-kàu** (漢傳佛教), hām Siōng-chō-pō͘ Hu̍t-kàu kap Se-chōng Hu̍t-kàu hêng-sêng sè-kài siōng hiān-chûn ê saⁿ toā Hu̍t-kàu thoân-thóng.

Ìn-tō͘ ê seng-bûn Hu̍t-kàu kap Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu keng-iû Se-he̍k thoân-ji̍p Tiong-goân tē-khu, chiah-koh keng-iû Tiong-kok sì-kè thoân-ji̍p Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó, Ji̍t-pún kap Oa̍t-lâm, chiâⁿ-chò í hàn-jī ûi mûi-kài ê Hàn-thoân Hu̍t-kàu. Hàn-thoân Hu̍t-kàu í Tāi-sêng ûi chú-liû, sī hêng-sok Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu bīn-māu ê chú-iàu le̍k-liōng chi-it.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hu̍t-kàu ê chong-phài
Marie Stopes

**Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes** (1880 nî 10 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 1958 nî 10 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê seng-sán khòng-chè pò-iông-chiá, i kiàn-li̍p ông-kok thâu chi̍t keng pī-īn chí-tō chín-liâu-só͘.

## Chham-khó
*
Kretzoi Miklós

**Kretzoi Miklós** (1907 nî 2 goe̍h 9 ji̍t – 2005 nî 3 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) sī Hiong-gâ-lī ê tē-chit-ha̍k-ka kiam kó͘-seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka, pat tio̍h kòe Széchenyi Chióng
Lua

**Lua** sī chi̍t khoán khin-liōng ê thêng-sek giân-gí, sī keng-kòe ANSI C giân-gí lâi chip-hêng--ê.

## Tsù-kái
Kurd-gí

**Kurd-gí** (کوردی, Kurdî) sī chi̍t lūi Iran Gí-kûn ê giân-gí, liû-thong tī A-chiu se-pō͘, chú-iàu ê sú-iōng-chiá sī Kurd lâng. Pún giân-gí ē-tàng hun saⁿ khoán hong-giân, pau-koat Pak-pō͘ Kurd-gí (Kurmanji), Tiong-pō͘ Kurd-gí (Sorani) kap Lâm-pō͘ Kurd-gí (Pehlewani); tōa-hūn ê Kurd lâng kóng--ê sī Kurmanji khiuⁿ-kháu.

## Tsù-sik

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Wîkîferheng  (Kurdish Wiktionary)
* VejinBooks, collection of Kurdish literary and historical texts
* Vejin Dictionaries, collection of Kurdish dictionaries (written in Arabic script)
* The Kurdish Academy of Language (unofficial)
* Kurdînûs, a tool for writing in Kurdish and to convert texts from Arabic script to Latin script and vice versa 
* Egerîn, Kurdish (Kurmanji) search engine
* inKurdish: English–Kurdish Translation
* Dictio: English–Kurdish (Sorani) Dictionary
* The Kurdish Institute of Paris: Language and Literature
* Kurdish Language and Linguistics, at Encyclopedia Iranica (article written by Ludwig Paul)
* Reference Grammar with Selected Readings both for Sorani and Kurmanji, written by W. M. Thackston (Harvard University)
* History of Kurdish Written Literature, at Encyclopedia Iranica (article written by Philip G. Kryeenbroek)
* Kurdish Language Initiative of Seywan Institute
* Kurdish Institute of Istanbul
* KAL: The Kurdish Academy of Language
* 
* Grammar of a Less Familiar Language (MIT OpenCourseWare)
* Southern Kurdish phonetic
* Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish 
*
Lí Kùi-chún

**Lí Kùi-chún** (李季準; 1943 nî 3 goe̍h 21 – 2017 nî 4 goe̍h 22) sī Ke-lâng chhut-sin ê Tâi-oân tiān-tâi chú-chhî-jîn, i kóng Hôa-gí ê siaⁿ-im chin chhut-miâ. I mā pat lio̍k Tâi-gí-koa chhiùⁿ-phìⁿ.
Chhat-hiân-ga̍k-khì

**Chhat-hiân-ga̍k-khì** (擦弦樂器) tī se-iûⁿ ga̍k-khì lāi chú-iàu chiū sī koán-hiân-ga̍k-thoân lāi ê thê-khîm, pau-hâm chhiú-khîm, tiong-thê-khîm, toā-thê-khîm kap kē-im-thê-khîm 4 chióng.

Tiong-kok bîn-cho̍k ga̍k-khì lāi ê chhat-hiân-ga̍k-khì sī í kok-chióng hêng-chè ê ô͘-khîm ûi-chú, chhin-chhiūⁿ hiân-á, kiaⁿ-ô͘ kap pán-ô͘ téng-téng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Ga̍k-khì
Hong-chhoe

right|225px|thumb|Hong-chhoe
**Hong-chhoe** (風吹) sī chi̍t chióng pí khong-khì tāng, tān-sī soah ē-tàng chioh-chō͘ hong ê le̍k-liōng chāi khong-tiong phiau-phû ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ 

Lūi-pia̍t:Hâng-khong-ki ê chióng-lūi
Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm

**Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm** (張秀琴; ) sī chi̍t ūi Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân kiam tō-ián, lâng lóng kiò i **A-gû** (阿牛), **Gû-ko͘** (牛姑) ia̍h-sī **Gû-î** (牛姨).

Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm bat chham-ú kòe Tiong-sī ê *Chû-hûn Thài-chú* (慈雲太子), *Lí Sè-bîn Bāng-iû Kì* (李世民夢遊記) ê tiān-sī koa-á-hì ê piáu-ián; lēng-goā mā chham-ú kòe lo̍k-chè *Sam Chìn-sū* (三進士), *Liông-hōng-siuⁿ* (龍鳳廂), *Hoa-tiân-chhò* (花田錯) téng-téng tiān-sī koa-á-hì chok-phín.

I só͘ tō-ián ê koa-á-hì chok-phín ū *Hiat-jiám-chêng* (血染情).

I mā niá-hâm chú-ián *Chōe* (罪), *Ang-bó͘-chêng* (尪某情), *Sio-piáⁿ Hông-tè* (燒餅皇帝), *Chiong-kûi Thoân-kî* (鍾馗傳奇), *Sam-chhun-hui* (三春暉), *Hiat-jiám-chêng*, *Hoān-lê Hiàn Se-si* (范蠡獻西施), *Mūi-ô͘-chiù* (魅湖咒), *Gio̍k-se̍k-piàn* (玉石變) téng-téng ê toā-hêng bú-tâi kong-ián ê koa-á-hì.

Kî-tiong, *Hiat-jiám-chêng*, *Hoān-lê Hiàn Se-si* kap *Gio̍k-se̍k-piàn* ū tit-tio̍h Kok-ka Bûn-hoà Gē-su̍t Ki-kim-hōe ê choan-àn chióng-chō͘.

## 外部連結
*Tâi-oân Kok-li̍p Thoân-thóng Gē-su̍t Tiong-sim ê Tiuⁿ Siù-khîm chu-liāu bāng-ia̍h 

S
Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

**Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard** () sī Tek-kok ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka. I 1995 nî ê sî kap Eric Wieschaus kiam Edward B. Lewis in-ūi tùi phi-the hoat-io̍k ê ûi-thoân khòng-chè ê gián-kiù tit tio̍h Nobel Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Chióng.

Lūi-pia̍t:Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Nobel tit-chióng-jîn
N̂g Hiong-liân

**N̂g Hiong-liân** (黃香蓮 1954 nî 9 goe̍h 27 chhut-sì), sī Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Tân A-lân

**Tân A-lân** (陳亞蘭 1965 nî 11 goe̍h 8 chhut-sì), pún-miâ Tân bûn-chhùi (陳文翠), sī Tâi-oân ê chú-chhî-jîn kah koa-á-hì ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Ia̍p Chheng

**Ia̍p Chheng** (葉青 1947 nî 11 goe̍h 1 chhut-sì), sī Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Tn̂g Bí-hûn

**Tn̂g bí-hûn** (唐美雲 1964 nî 7 goe̍h 14 chhut-sì), ji̍t-pún-miâ Sim-tiân bí-iong (森田美央), hoat-hō Pún-thoân (本傳), sī Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Sió-hōng-sian

**Sió-hōng-sian** (小鳳仙, ), pún-miâ **Tân lē-jû** (陳麗如), sī Tâi-oân ê koa-á-hì ián-oân.

Lūi-pia̍t:Koa-á-hì
Hu-ūi goân-siú

**Hu-ūi goân-siú** (虛位元首) sī bô chián-ak si̍t-chè chèng-tī koân-le̍k ê kok-ka goân-siú. Hu-ūi goân-siú bô tī kok-ka chèng-tī tiong pān-ián koat-tēng-sèng ê chok-iōng, hām si̍t-koân goân-siú ê khài-liām siong-tùi. Chit-má si̍t-hêng kun-chú li̍p-hiàn chè-tō͘ ê kok-ka ê kun-chú hām gī-hōe lōe-koh chè-tō͘ tiong ê chóng-thóng tī it-poaⁿ ê chêng-hòng hā lóng sio̍k-î hu-ūi goân-siú. Chia-ê kok-ka ê si̍t-chè koân-le̍k sī chiáng-ak chāi gī-hōe kap lōe-koh ê chhiú-lāi.

Put-kò hu-ūi goân-siú iu-goân sī kok-ka ê siōng-koân tāi-piáu, iā sī kok-ka thóng-it ê siōng-teng, ū-tang-sî ē chiap-thāi goā-kok chèng-iàu, chhut-sek tiōng-iàu tiûⁿ-ha̍p, pan-siū kok-ka êng-ū kap chìn-hêng kok-sū hóng-mn̄g téng-téng oa̍h-tāng. Kin-kì bô-kāng kok-ka ê chèng-tī chè-tō͘, ū-tang-sî iáu ē kin-kì kok-hōe ê koat-tēng jīm-bēng kap pà-bián chèng-hú siú-náu, kin-kì chèng-hú siú-náu ê thê-àn kái-sàn kok-hōe téng-téng lé-gî-sèng ê chèng-tī kang-chok.

Lūi-pia̍t:Chèng-tī chè-tō͘
Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân

**Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân** (Eng-gí: *social stratification*) sī chi̍t hāng siā-hōe-ha̍k ê khài-liām, ēng lâi gián-kiù siā-hōe-siōng kai-chân-sèng ê téng-kip, ē-té ê tan-goân ē-tàng kiò chò sī chi̍t chân (*stratum*). Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân lāi-bīn ū pau-koat siā-hōe kai-kip (*class*), chit-gia̍p kûn-thé, cho̍k-hē kiam chéng-cho̍k hun-lūi téng khoán ê hun-iá. 

Hiān-tāi Se-iûⁿ khoán ê chiâⁿ-chân hē-thóng sǹg sī khai-hòng-sek--ê, siā-hōe î-tōng (*social mobility*) sī phó͘-phiàn--ê. Lēng-gōa mā ū chhiūⁿ Ìn-tō͘-kàu caste hē-thóng khah giâm-keh ê hêng-sek.

It-poaⁿ tùi chiâⁿ-chân ê gián-kiù sī khó-lū pau-koat chhiūⁿ chèng-tī éng-hióng, tong-khoân (*authority*) in-sò͘; he̍k-chiá chéng-cho̍k, bîn-cho̍k chōng-hóng kap bêng-bōng; kàu-io̍k kap kò-jîn ki-su̍t kiam choan-ka tì-sek; siā-hōe bāng-lō͘ kap liân-tòa téng siā-hōe chu-pún; seng-oa̍h hong-sek kap sèng-pia̍t téng bûn-hòa chu-pún; koh ū khoân-lī, hâm-thâu kap khoân-sè chē khoán ê gī-tê.

Kok khoán siā-hōe lí-lūn tùi siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân ū bô kâng ê hun-sek hong-hoat. Nā sī kong-lêng lí-lūn sī phian-hiòng chhù-lí chiâⁿ-chân tī siā-hōe lī-e̍k kap ha̍p-ì sèng-chit. Tī chhiong-tu̍t lí-lūn sī khah koan-sim saⁿ-cheⁿ kap chi-phòe ê hong-bīn. Marx-chú-gī lí-lūn hèng-chhù tī kai-kip chi kan ê keng-chè pak-siah (*exploitation*); Weber phài sī chiong chiâⁿ-chân khòaⁿ chò sī siā-hōe keng-chè kai-kip, siā-hōe bûn-hòa chōng-hóng, khoân-le̍k téng in-sò͘ chok-iōng sán-seng ê kiat-kó.

## Chham-khó
*
Elihu Doty

**Elihu Doty** (Bân-lâm-gí: Lô Chhì; ) sī chi̍t ūi tī 19 sè-kí kòe Tiong-kok ê Bí-kok thoân-kàu-sū kiam giân-gú-ha̍k-chiá. I hū-chek liáu tē-it phō iōng Eng-gú choān-siá oân-sêng ê Bân-lâm-gú kàu-kho-su, iā chiū sī chāi 1853 nî chhut-pán ê *Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect*. Sui-jiân Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê khak-chhiat khí-goân iu-goân chûn-chāi gî-būn, tān-sī it-poaⁿ lóng kā i hām Táⁿ-má-jī tàu-tīn khoàⁿ-chò sī Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê hoat-bêng-chiá, ah chit thò bûn-jī hē-thóng kàu-taⁿ goân-chāi sī Bân-lâm-gú siōng chia̍p-khoàⁿ ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat.

## Chhut-pán-bu̍t
*
*

## Chham-khó

*
*

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*Complete version of his Anglo-Chinese Manual 

Lūi-pia̍t:Bân-lâm-gí
Lūi-pia̍t:Thoân-kàu-sū
Ha̍k-hāu chè-ho̍k

**Ha̍k-hāu chè-ho̍k** khah hiān-tāi ê ì-gī sī 19 sè-kí kang-gia̍p-hòa siā-hōe ē-té liû-hêng--ê. Ū-ê ha̍k-hāu sī ūi tio̍h chong-kàu he̍k-chiá thoân-thóng chò lí-iû î-chhî ia̍h chè-tēng chè-ho̍k. Ha̍k-hāu chè-ho̍k lí-sióng siōng sī ū keng-kòe khòng-ché sin-thé kap koán-lí gōa-piáu lâi ín-chhōa siā-hōe tia̍t-sū (*social order*) ê chok-iōng.

## Cheng-lūn
Chi-chhî ha̍k-hāu chè-ho̍k ê ì-kiàn pau-koat ū kàu-io̍k siā-hōe-hòa lī-ek, phì-jū hō͘ ha̍k-seng bián--tit liáu tùi sî-sek ê chù-ì; he̍k-chiá sī koán-lí siōng ê lī-ek kap siā-hōe kang-têng (*social engineering*) ê chok-iōng téng khoán. Chóng-sī chè-ho̍k mā ū chè-hān piáu-ta̍t chū-iû kap kò-thé-sèng ê būn-tê. Ū-sî ūi tio̍h î-chhî chè-ho̍k kàu-su ài put-sî kiám-cha ha̍k-seng ê chhēng-chhah. Nā tùi chhin-chhhiūⁿ Bí-kok chit lūi kok-ka lâi kóng, che mā ū ûi-hoán hiàn-hoat khoân-lī ê khó-lêng.

## Chham-khó
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Chè-ho̍k
Hijab

***Hijab*** (حجاب‎‎ *ḥijāb*) sī A-la-pek kiam Islam bûn-hòa lāi-bîn chi̍t khoán khàm thâu ê ho̍k-chong, chit jī ū-sî hông tòng chòe sī khàm-thâu ê hit tiâu kin-á ê ì-sù. Chóng-sī nā chiàu kin-sè chi̍t khoán Islam ūn-tōng chú-tiuⁿ ê ì-sù, hijab sī piáu-sī kui su chheng-chhah, pún-sin hun *al-jilbab* tn̂g saⁿ, kap khàm thâu-mo͘ hâm chi̍t pō͘-hūn hia̍h-thâu jî-chhiá chhun--lo̍h-khì keng-kah ia̍h heng-khám ê *al-khimar*.

## Chham-khó
* 

Lūi-pia̍t:Islam
Lūi-pia̍t:A-la-pek
A-la-pek (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)

**A-la-pek** (亞喇伯, 阿拉伯), **A-lat-pek** (阿剌伯), **A-la̍p-pek** ia̍h **A-la-pí-a** (亞拉比亞), ū khó-lêng sī kóng:

* A-la-pek sè-kài
* A-la-pek poàn-tó
* A-la-pek bûn-hòa
* A-la-pek-lâng

## Hō-miâ ū A-la-pek ê kok-ka
* Ai-ki̍p, choân-miâ Ai-ki̍p A-la-pek Kiōng-hô-kok
* Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok
* Saudi Arabia
* A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok
A-la-pek

:*Kî-tha ì-sù chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ [[A-la-pek (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)]].*

**A-la-pek poàn-tó** (亞喇伯半島), ia̍h tio̍h sī **A-la-pek** tē-khu, sī A-chiu sai-pō͘ óa-kīn Hui-chiu tang-pak pêng ê chi̍t pō͘ thó͘-tē, sai-pêng sī Âng-hái, tang-pêng sī Pho-su Oan.

Lūi-pia̍t:A-la-pek poàn-tó
California Oan

**California Oan** sī Baja California Poàn-tó kap Be̍k-se-ko kî-tha pō͘-hūn chi kan ê chi̍t phìⁿ hái-oan.

Lūi-pia̍t:Hái-oan
Chiâⁿ-chân

**Chiâⁿ-chân** (Eng-gí: stratify; stratification) sī chin chē ha̍k-su̍t hun-iá sú-iōng ê su̍t-gí, it-poaⁿ lóng sī teh kóng mi̍h-kiāⁿ hun chân ê kòe-têng he̍k-chiá kiat-kó. Pau-koat:

* Chiâⁿ-chân (sò͘-ha̍k)
* Tē-chân (stratum), mā kiò chiâⁿ-chân
* Chiâⁿ-chân (khó-kó͘-ha̍k)
* Chiâⁿ-chân (chúi-thé)
* Tāi-khì chiâⁿ-chân (*atmospheric stratification*)
* Ô͘-chúi chiâⁿ-chân (*lake stratification*)
* Siā-hōe chiâⁿ-chân
* Chiâⁿ-chân (si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k)
* Chiâⁿ-chân (lîm-chhn̂g chhì-giām)
* Chiâⁿ-chân (si̍t-seⁿ) (*vegetation*)
* Kò-thé-kûn chiâⁿ-chân (*population stratification*)

## Chham-khó
Iâu Kî-tì

**Iâu Kî-tì** (姚期智; ; ) sī Tiong-kok ê cha-po͘ tiān-náu kho-ha̍k-ka. I tī 2000 nî tit-tio̍h Turing chióng, sī thâu-chi̍t--ê hoâ-jîn tit-chú.

Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-náu kho-ha̍k-ka
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok jîn-bu̍t
Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok jîn-bu̍t
5566

**5566** sī Tâi-oân ê im-ga̍k thoân-thé, tī 2002 nî 1 goe̍h 21 hō sêng-li̍p. 5566 ê sêng-oân ū Sng Hia̍p-chì, Ông Jîn-hú, Ông Siàu-úi, Khó͘ Bēng-thiat, iá-koh-ū nn̄g ê lī-khui--ê sêng-oân Phêⁿ Khong-io̍k kah Chan Úi-te̍k.
Hu̍t-chú

:*"Hu̍t-chú" chi̍t jī mā tiāⁿ hông ēng chò [[goân-chú-hu̍t]] ê ì-sù.*

**Hu̍t-chú** (Eng-gí: *nucleon*) sī cho͘-ha̍p chhut goân-chú-hu̍t ê lia̍p-chú. Bí chi̍t-ê goân-chú-hu̍t siōng-bô hâm chi̍t lia̍p hu̍t-chú. Ki-pún só͘ chai-iáⁿ ê hu̍t-chú hun nn̄g khoán: tiong-chú ka chit-chú
Chiⁿ-á

**Chiⁿ-á** sī chi̍t lūi saⁿ-kak-hêng ê ke-s, hâm chi̍t pêng chhu-bīn, ē-tàng ēng-lâi phòa hun mi̍h-kiāⁿ. I tī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k siōng sǹg sī chi̍t khoán tan-sûn ki-hâi (*simple machine*).
Má Hûn

**Má hûn** (馬雲, ) sī Tiong-kok ê seng-lí-lâng, A-lí-pa-pa chi̍p-thôan--ê táng-sū-tiúⁿ, sī chôan Tiong-kok siōng hó-gia̍h ê lâng.
Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

縮圖|400x400像素|Thong-sè-kài choân-pō͘ ê Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
**Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok** (人民共和國) chit-ê miâ-hō thong-siông sī Marx-Lenin-chú-gī ê chèng-hú the̍h-lâi hêng-iông in-ê kok-ka ê iōng-gú. Sú-iōng chit-ê iōng-gú ê pòe-āu ê tōng-ki sī in-ūi Marx-Lenin-chú-gī chèng-hú soan-chheng in tāi-piáu tio̍h kok-ka siōng kóng-tāi jîn-bîn ê ki-pún lī-ek, só͘-í siā-hōe-chú-gī kiōng-hô-kok iā téng-î sī jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok. Chin chē chit lūi ê kok-ka chāi hiàn-hoat téng chheng-hō in sī siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka. Tī se-iûⁿ, Marx-Lenin-chú-gī chèng-hú koán-tī ê kok-ka ū-tang-sî pī hō-chò kiōng-sán-chú-gī kok-ka he̍k-chiá sī kiōng-sán-chú-gī kiōng-hô-kok.

Lūi-pia̍t:Kiōng-sán kok-ka
Gillian Anderson

**Gillian Leigh Anderson** (1968 nî 8 goe̍h 9 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok chhut-sin, mā tī Eng-kok hoat-tián ê ián-goân, pat poaⁿ kòe X Tóng-àn tiān-sī iáⁿ-chi̍p chú-kak Dana Scully.

## Chhut-sin
Anderson sī Chicago chhut-sì--ê, lāu-bú sī Rosemary Alyce (goân-sèⁿ Lane), tiān-náu hun-sek-su; lāu-pē sī Homer Edward Anderson 3-sè, tiān-iáⁿ hō͘-chè-chok (*post-production*) kong-si keng-gêng-chiá. Anderson ū Eng-lân, Tek-kok kiam Ài-ní-lân ê cho̍k-hē. I chhut-sì bô lōa kó͘ chiō kap pē-bú poaⁿ kòe Puerto Rico 15 kò-goe̍h, liáu-āu koh kòe Eng-lân Lûn-tun, tong-sî sī i-ê lāu-pē ji̍p Lûn-tun Tiān-iáⁿ Ha̍k-hāu.
David Duchovny

**David William Duchovny** (1960 nî 8 goe̍h 7 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī Bí-kok ê gián-goân, pat poaⁿ kòe *[[X Tóng-àn]]* tiān-sī-kio̍k kiam tian-iáⁿ ê chú-kak Fox Mulder. I āu--lâi mā tī *[[Californication]]* lāi-bīn ián-chhut.
MacGyver

***MacGyver***, sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t pō͘ tiān-sī iáⁿ-chi̍p, tī 1985 nî kàu 1992 nî kî-kan ùi ABC hòng-sàng. Chú-kak sī te̍k-pia̍t cho͘-chit ê thàm-châ-goân Angus MacGyver, pún hì ê chú-tê chi it sī i lī-ēng kok khoán ke-si kap tì-sek kái-koat būn-tê. Ián-chhut MacGyver ê ián-oân sī Richard Dean Anderson.

## Chā-tē hō-miâ
Pún chhut tī Tâi-oân hòng-sàng ê Hôa-gí hō-miâ sī *bǎizhàn tiānlóng* (百戰天龍 "**Pah-chiàn Thiⁿ-lêng**"), "MacGyver" chi̍t-ê miâ pún-sin sī hoan-e̍k chò *mǎgàixiān* (馬蓋先 "Má-kài-sian").