Tńg-se̍h chhiat-siah kang-kū (khí-kho)

Khí-kho ê **tńg-se̍h chhiat-siah [[ke-si|kang-kū]]** (dental instruments) chú-iàu sī pau-koah bôa-chiam (*bur*), géng-bôa ke-si (*abrading tool*), kap thui-kim-châi (*polishing agent*) chit 3 lūi. Pau-hâm ê hōan-ûi chiâⁿ-khoah, ùi tan to-mê ê lak-chǹg (*twist drill*) kàu to to-mê ê chhiat-siah ê bôa-chiam, sīm-chì kúi 10 ê to-mê piàn-sêng bôa-iù ê kong-lêng ê bôa-chiam; ùi thoàⁿ-kǹg, o·-kǹg, chia siāng-chē sò·-cha̍p ê to-mê kàu soān-chio̍h bôa-chiam ū sǹg-bē-chheng ê soān-chio̍h khò-lia̍p, téng-î sī sǹg-bē-chheng ê to-mê, chhiat-siah ê lêng-le̍k tōa-tōa cheng-ka; tán-kàu thui-kim-châi, khò-lia̍p sò·-bo̍k kèng-ka put-khó-soàn, m̄-koh soah in-ūi khò-lia̍p ê sèng-chit kan-taⁿ ū phau-kng ê kong-lêng. Sui-bóng chia ê chē-chē ke-si ê gōa-piáu koh-iūⁿ, chhiat-siah kong-lêng chha-pia̍t chin-tōa, in lóng kāng-khoán ài thàu-kòe tńg-se̍h, pháng ê tōng-chok chiah ē-sái hoat-hui in kò-pia̍t ê kong-lêng. 

Bôa-chiam ū kúi-nā-chióng hêng-sek ê chhiat-siah to-mê, ùi ko·-chi̍t-ê to-chhùi ê lak-chǹg-á kàu 2 ê, 3 ê, 6 ê, 12 ê sīm-chì 40 ê to-chhùi ê lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*fissured bur*). Bôa-chiam in-ūi chè-chō ê koan-hē ài hoán-sî-kè tńg-se̍h chiah-ū chhiat-siah ê kong-lêng. Bôa chiam it-poaⁿ sī iōng thòaⁿ-kǹg he̍k o·-kǹg chè-chō. 

Géng-bôa ke-si kah bôa-chiam bô-kâng, i ē-sái siang-ê hong-hiòng tńg-se̍h, lóng-ū chhiat-siah ê lêng-le̍k. Tī i ê chhiat-siah pō·-ūi ū liâm géng-bôa ê châi-liāu hó-pí sī soān-chio̍h, garnet, he̍k soa. Chia-ê géng-bôa khò-lia̍p chhùn-chhioh ē-sái tōa ē-sái sió, ē-sái tēng ē-sái nńg, khòaⁿ sī beh bôa ia̍h si beh phau-kng kian-ngē ê iù-hûi-á (*porcelain*), tô-chû (*ceramic*), khí-iū-chit, kim-sio̍k, he̍k khah nńg ê ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, khí-pún-chit, chhiū-chí. Soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h, carborundum bôa-chio̍h, chhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á, kap sandpaper disk sī chit-lūi ke-si siāng-chia̍p-khòaiⁿ ê lē.

Thui-kim-châi khah-chió iōng--tio̍h, sī bô seng liâm tī pèⁿ ê koân-téng ê chhiat-siah châi-liāu. In beh iōng ê sî-chūn chiah ùn-tâm pìⁿ-chiâⁿ thô·-moâi-chiuⁿ, jiân-āu boah tī phau-kng ê pò·-lián, chhéng-á, he̍k chhiū-ni-poe-au-á (*rubber cup*) lâi sú-iōng.

## Bôa-chiam

Bôa-chiam ū to̍k-li̍p 1 phiⁿ.

Bôa-chiam it-poaⁿ the̍h-lâi chhia chhùi-khí, kim-sio̍k. 

Ùi chhiat-siah hit thâu khòaⁿ, bôa-chiam ê to-mê sī beh hoán-sî-kè hong-hiòng lâi chhiat-siah mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Tiāⁿ-khoàiⁿ ê bôa-chiam khoán-sek ū ē-kha chit kúi-hāng (āu-bīn ê sò·-jī sī in ê pian-hō, sò·-jī jú-tōa thâu ê ti̍t-kèng jú-tōa):

#îⁿ-hêng bôa-chiam (*round burr*) (1/4-10)
#hoan-liàn-tńg îⁿ-chui-thé bôa-chiam (*inverted cone burr*) (31 1/4-44)
#pêⁿ-bīn ti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*plain straight fissure burr*) (551/2-62)
#hoâiⁿ-chhiat ti̍t-hêng lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*crosscut straight fissure burr*) (556-563)
#pêⁿ-bīn îⁿ-chui-thé lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*plain tapered fissure burr*) (69-73)
#hoâiⁿ-chhiat îⁿ-chui-thé lia̍t-kau bôa-chiam (*crosscut tapered fissure burr*) (699-703)
#chhia-lián-hêng bôa-chiam (*wheel burr*) (111/2-16)
#íⁿ-hêng bôa-chaim (*bud burr*) (441/2-51)
#lâi-á-hêng bôa-chiam (*pear burr*) (230-232)
#tn̂g-ko-îⁿ bôa-chiam (*oval burr*) (218-221)
#îⁿ-chui-thé bôa-chiam (*cone burr*) (221/2-33)
#hóe-iām-hêng bôa-chiam (*flame burr*) (242-246)

## Soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h

Soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h it-poaⁿ the̍h-lâi chhia chhùi-khí, iù-hûi-á, tô-chû, kap ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí, siāng-hó mài ēng-lâi chhia kim-sio̍k, kap a-khuh-lih chhiū-chí. 

Soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h (*diamond stone*) sī kā kang-gia̍p soān-chio̍h liâm tī bôa-chiam ê thâu, thong-siông sī tàu tī ko-sok chhiú-ki leh sú-iōng, ū kok-chióng tōa-sè kap hêng-chōng, só· liâm ê soān-chio̍h ū hun chho·-iù. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng in bô-èng-kai ēng lâi chhiat kim-sio̍k he̍k bô thiân-liāu ê ā-khú-lih chhiū-chí (*unfilled acrylic resin*); èng-kai ēng tī chhiat-siah chhùi-khí ê khí-chit, hûi-á (*porcelain*), kap ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí.

## An-chong hó-sè ê bôa-chio̍h

An-chong hó-sè ê bôa-chio̍h (*mounted stone*) í-keng kā bôa-chio̍h tàu-sí tī pèⁿ téng-thâu. Bôa-chio̍h ê sêng-hūn siāng-chia̍p iōng ê sī silicon carbide (SiC) kap aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ah kā in kiat-ha̍p chò-hóe ê kiat-ha̍p-chè (*bonding agent*) sī po-lê (*vitreous*)he̍k tô-chû (*ceramic*). Silicon carbide chò ê bôa-chio̍h thong-siông sī chheⁿ-sek he̍k o·-sek, (siang-phín-miâ Carborundum stone tio̍h sī silicon carbide chò--ê). Aluminum oxide chò ê bôa-chio̍h tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī pe̍h-sek--ê. Àn-chiàu châi-chit ê bô-kâng, bôa-chio̍h sú-iōng tī bô-kâng chêng-hêng, chhin-chhiūⁿ tī ki-kang-sek sú-iōng lâi bôa chromium-cobalt alloy ê bôa-chio̍h tio̍h bē-sái the̍h-lâi ēng tī chhùi-lāi. 

In ê hun-lūi bô piau-chún, lóng-sī ta̍k keng chhiúⁿ-siong ū in ka-tī ê hun-lūi hong-sek. 

Iōng soān-chio̍h bôa-chio̍h kā bôa, chit-chióng bôa-chio̍h ê hêng-chōng ē-sái kái-piàn; he̍k-sī tun--khì ê mê-kak mā ē-sái bôa hō· lāi.

## Bô tàu pèⁿ ê bôa-chio̍h

Bô tàu pèⁿ ê bôa-chio̍h (*unmouted stone*) tī tiong-sim ū 1 khang, beh ēng ê sî-chūn chiah ēng lô͘-si kā só tī chhia-sim-koaⁿ (*mandrel*) téng-koân. 

### Bē hoat-sio ê bôa-chio̍h

Che (*heatless stone*)sī hui-siông chho· ê bôa-chio̍h, chhiat-siah sok-tō· chiâⁿ kín, thong-siông the̍h-lâi bôa kim-sio̍k kap hûi-á. I ê kāu-tō· ùi 3/ 32" kàu 3/ 16"; ti̍t-kèng uì 1/ 2" kàu 1". Bôa ê sî-chūn ē sán-seng chiok-chē eng-ia, lóng ài tī hong-pì ê khong-kan sú-iōng. 

### Carborundum disk

Che ē-tàng tī kī-kang-sek he̍k chín-só· sú-iōng, ē-sái bôa, ē-sái chhiat. I thong-siông sī po̍h-po̍h chi̍t-phìⁿ, ti̍t-kèng 7/8 inch, kāu 0.5-0.6 mm (0.022 inch). Ū chi̍t-ê khoán-sek sī 1-bīn chho·, 1-bīn iù, chiâⁿ hó-ēng. Sui-bóng i chiâⁿ chhè gâu phòa, m̄-koh bē-kùi.

### Chhiau-po̍h ê hun-lî chhiat-phìⁿ

Che mā-sī carborundum disk, m̄-koh koh-khah po̍h, kan-taⁿ 0.25 mm (0.01 inch), ti̍t-kèng kāng-khoán 7/8 inch.

### Hûi-á géng-bôa lián-á

Hûi-á géng-bôa lián-á (*porcelain grinding wheel*) sī hui-siông iù ê bôa-chio̍h, choan-bûn bôa hûi-á ê. Ti̍t-kèng 16 mm (5/8 inch), kāu 2 mm.

## Chhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á kap géng-bôa-lia̍p

Chhiū-ni géng-bôa lián-á kap géng-bôa-lia̍p (*rubber wheel and point*) ê kiat-ha̍p-chè sī chhiū-ni, it-poaⁿ lāi-bīn só· kiat-ha̍p ê géng-bôa sêng-hūn sī koh-iūⁿ tōa-sè ê aluminum oxide he̍k silica khò-lia̍p. In chú-iàu ê kong-lêng sī khì-tû chìn-chêng iōng khah-chho· ê bôa-chio̍h he̍k bôa-chiam chhiat-siah  só· chō-sêng ê khah-chhim ê hûn-jiah, hō· khah pêⁿ-sūn iù-chíⁿ, sòa--lo̍h-lâi thang-hó phau-kng thui-kim. In ê kāu-tō· tāi-iok 1/16 inch kàu 1/8 inch (1.6 mm kàu 3.2 mm), ti̍t-kèng tāi-iok tī 3/8 inch kap 1 inch (9.5 mm kap 25.4 mm) chi-kan. Lián-á sī ēng-lâi bôa pêⁿ-bīn he̍k  thok-bīn. Tī khah e̍h-sè ê só·-chāi chhiūⁿ hoat-io̍k-kau he̍k kî-thaⁿ lap-o-bīn tio̍h ēng géng-bôa-lia̍p he̍k khah sè-lia̍p piⁿ-á khah po̍h ê sè-lia̍p lián-á khì bôa. Mā ū chham soān-chio̍h-ìu-á ê chhiū-ni lián-á kap bôa-lia̍p-á.

## Géng-bôa-phìⁿ

Che sī chi̍t-chióng pí chhiūⁿ-nî lián-á koh-khah jiû-nńg ê géng-bôa-phìⁿ, thong-siông sī chóa-thâu, pò·-liāu, chhiū-chí, phôe-kek he̍k chit-kúi-chióng hùn-ha̍p ê châi-chit, tī téng-bīn liâm géng-bôa khò-lia̍p lâi chò-sêng. I ê tiong-sim ū khang, beh-ēng chiah tàu he̍k só tī chhia-sim-koaⁿ téng-thâu. Chhia-sim-koaⁿ ū iōng lô͘-si só--ê, mā ū iōng ti̍t-chiap chhi̍h-hō·-ân--ê (snap-on-type); lô͘-si só--ê kan-taⁿ ē-sái chi̍t-ê hong-hiòng tńg-se̍h. Géng-bôa-phìⁿ só· chham ê géng-bôa khò-lia̍p ū aluminum oxide, soān-chio̍h, kap silicon carbide; nā-sī chham emery, garnet, flint, cuttle, crocus, he̍k rouge tio̍h khah sek-ha̍p chò phau-kng ê sú-iōng.

## Thui-kim-châi
Thui-kim sī ké-chhùi-khí ê ki-pún iau-kiû, chho·-pê-pê ê piáu-bīn ē chō-sêng bô-sóng-khòai kap siong-hāi. Chū-thâu-kàu-bóe àn-chiàu chho·-iù, ùi chho·-si ê bôa-chio̍h kàu iù-si ê thui-kim-châi sūn-sī lâi géng-bôa sī tit-tio̍h kim-ku̍t kng-iāⁿ piáu-bīn ê mê-kak. Thui-kim-châi thong-siông sī hún-lia̍p he̍k kiat-chò kui-kak, beh ēng ê sî-chūn chiah ùn-chúi hō· tâm, boah tī pò·-phit-thâu chò ê lián-á, tàu tī chhia-chhn̂g lâi phau-kng.

## Iân-sin ua̍t-tho̍k

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## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*A Brief Guide on Dental Tools