纽约地铁车辆段

美國**[[纽约地铁]]**线网复杂，每条线路都有对应的**[[车辆段]]**供列车停放，车辆段还具有对列车的保养以及维修的功能，这些车辆段遍布纽约各地，其中一些车辆段是位于地下的。

## A系统
### 137街车辆段
**137街车辆段**（137th Street Yard）是一个位于地下的车辆段，位于在轨道线IRT百老汇-第七大道线上行走的1号线的145街和137街-市立學院之间，该车辆段位于上述位置中正线的两侧，东侧有两条西侧有三条，该车辆段用于停放走1号线服务的列车。

### 239街车辆段

**239街车辆段**（239th Street Yard）是纽约地铁车辆段中最北的一个，位于弗曼大道4570号，该车辆段提供2號線和5號線的列车停放。

### 240街车辆段

**240街车辆段**（240th Street Yard），又称为：范科特兰（Van Cortlandt）或VC Yard，位于百老汇路5911号，位于1号线北起讫站点范科特蘭公園-242街西北处，该车辆段连接了一旁1号线行走的IRT百老汇-第七大道线高架铁路，用于停放1号线车辆。

### 科罗娜车辆段

**科罗娜车辆段**（Corona Yard）位于111街附近，用于停靠7号线的快慢车。该车辆段于1928年启用。

### 东180街车辆段

东180街车辆段（East 180th Street Yard），位于布朗克斯东180街1145号，位于2号线以及5號線经过的东180街车站西边，紧靠车站东180街车站；停靠2号线和5號線的车辆。

### 杰罗姆车辆段
**杰罗姆车辆段**（Jerome Yard），又称为：Mosholu Yard，位于布朗克斯杰罗姆大道3191号，车辆段上盖了一个露天停车场，位于贝得福公园大道北侧，停放4號線列车。

### 莱诺克斯车辆段

**莱诺克斯车辆段**（Lenox Yard）位于曼哈顿的哈莱姆区社区的148街，该车连段没有维修设备，只作为3号线列车停放使用。作为跨区捷运公司（IRT）的第一个检修车间于1904年与地铁一同启用。车连段有两条轨道连接到3号线北部起讫站点哈林-148街车站的正线。

### 利沃尼亚车辆段

**利沃尼亚车辆段**（Livonia Yard）位于布鲁克林的东纽约街区，是轨道线IRT紐羅次線东端的终点。该车辆段用于停放3号线的R62车辆、42街接駁線的R62A以及4號線和5號線的R142车辆。

车辆段有四条检查车辆用的轨道以及13条停放车辆的轨道。3号线的大部分车辆停靠在曼哈顿上城的莱诺克斯车辆段。

### 联合港車廠
联合港車廠（Unionport Yard）在东180街车辆段旁，也用于停靠2号线和5號線的列车。该车连段目前有19条轨道，向南连接轨道线IRT白原路線，向北连接轨道线IRT代里大道線。

### 西农场車廠（拆除）
**西农场車廠**（West Farms Yard）是一个高架车辆段，于1952年拆除；曾用于停放2号线和5號線列车。

### 威彻斯特车辆段
**威彻斯特车辆段**（Westchester Yard，又译：**韦斯切斯特车辆段**）又称为**佩勒姆车辆段**（Pelham Yard），坐落在布朗克斯。该车连段有45条轨道用于停放6號線的车辆以及可以驶入两个系统的铁路维护车辆。车连段有连接轨道线IRT Pelham Line两个方向的轨道。

## B系统
### 174街车辆段
**174街车辆段**（）是IND第八大道線的一个地下车辆段，用于存放纽约地铁***'线的列车。车辆段有5条轨道，位于两条客运服务轨道以东。该车站在[[168街車站]]以北，相距6个街区，并且邻近[[175街車站 (IND第八大道線)|175街]]。靠内的轨道通向车辆段，用于调度C线车辆。该场站虽然有五条线路，但仅可容纳三列十车厢60英寸宽列车和两列六车厢60英寸宽列车，不过C线只需两条用于容纳十车厢60英寸宽列车的轨道即可正常服务。车辆段北端有一堵混凝土墙，以及邻近[[跨曼哈顿高速公路]]的砖墙，这是因为该线路原计划行经[[乔治华盛顿大桥]]。



===207街车辆段===


'''207街车辆段'''（）位于曼哈顿上城，[[Harlem River]] north of the [[University Heights Bridge]]. It serves as the home yard for the [[R32 (New York City Subway car)|R32]]s assigned to the  train.

The 207th Street Shop is one of two heavy overhaul shops in the New York City Subway system (the other being the Coney Island Yard in Brooklyn) and provides overhaul and rebuilding of most [[A Division (New York City Subway)|A Division]] cars as well as some [[B Division (New York City Subway)|B Division]] rolling stock.

The yard also stores cars that are being retired or awaiting scrapping and restores cars designated for the [[New York Transit Museum]].

South of the yard, connecting tracks lead to the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]]. A separate connecting track and flyover leads to the [[IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line]].




===Canarsie Yard===

The '''Canarsie Yard''' (also known as '''AY Yard''' from its [[telegraph|telegraphy letters]]) is located on the south end of the [[BMT Canarsie Line]] adjacent to [[Canarsie – Rockaway Parkway (BMT Canarsie Line)|Canarsie – Rockaway Parkway]]. It is the primary layup yard for the ***' train and hosts the only car wash for the entire BMT Eastern Division, washing trains for the ***', ***', ***' and ***' services. Signals were installed in 2003 in conjunction with the BMT Canarsie Line automation project. This greatly increases the safety of train movements in the yard, as the ***' train has some of the fastest growing ridership in the system.



===Church Avenue Yard===
The '''Church Avenue Yard''' is an underground [[rail yard]] on the [[IND Culver Line]], used to store trains for the ***' service. It is composed of four tracks directly under the four main line tracks above.  This yard is directly connected through the IND Church Avenue station which presently is the terminus for "G" service.  At least one of the yard's inner-most 4-tracks is in continuous use to turn-back equipment to the opposite direction.  There are two ramps between each local and express track south of Church Avenue station for access. Each track can hold one full-length train between the bumper blocks and the crossovers.

### Coney Island Complex

The **Coney Island Complex** is the largest rapid transit yard in the state of New York. Located in Brooklyn, New York, it covers  and operates 24/7.

The complex was built in 1926 on former marshlands that, along with Coney Island Creek, formerly separated Coney Island from the main body of Brooklyn. Much of this land had originally been proposed for use as a ship canal and port facility.

Regular scheduled maintenance is performed here for a fleet of nearly 800 cars serving the ***', ***', ***', ***' and **[[Franklin Avenue Shuttle]]** trains. The shop facility along with 207th St. does heavy maintenance and overhaul for every one of the approximately 6,000 cars in the subway system, including the Staten Island Railway.

In addition to heavy maintenance facilities and track facilities for cars undergoing maintenance and overhaul, the complex includes three related railroad storage yards. The main yard facility, known as "Coney Island Yard," includes direct connections to the adjacent BMT Sea Beach Line ( train) and a two-track elevated structure to the BMT West End Line ( train). The main yard also serves trains on the BMT Brighton Line ( trains) via tracks C & D (aka 3 & 4) of Coney Island – Stillwell Avenue station. The adjacent but separate Culver (or "City") Yard connects to the IND Culver Line ( train) at the eastern border of the yard complex. Another yard, "Stillwell Yard," used mainly for off-peak train storage, is located across the Sea Beach Line from the main yard complex in a "V" between the divergent Sea Beach and West End Lines.

In addition to the maintenance shop and yards, there is a Health Center (gym) for Transit Authority employees and a firing range for the New York City Police Department (NYPD). The range was originally built for the New York City Transit Police Department, which was merged with the NYPD in 1995.

The Coney Island Yard Electric Motor Repair Shop and Coney Island Yard Gatehouse were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

### Concourse Yard

The **Concourse Yard** is located in northern Bronx near 205th Street and Jerome Avenue. This yard is home to all cars assigned to the ***' trains and are maintained at this yard, although many trains assigned to the ***' and ***' services are stored here as well. Connecting tracks lead north from the yard to the [[IND Concourse Line]] and south to the [[IRT Jerome Avenue Line]]. Concourse Yard is spanned across its middle by Bedford Park Boulevard West, and at its northern end by a 205th Street viaduct.  The Jerome Yard used by the IRT Jerome Avenue Line lies to the north of 205th Street.

The '''Concourse Yard Entry Buildings''' and '''Concourse Yard Substation''' were listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2006.The former consists of two, three-story brick buildings with only the top story visible from the street that are built next to one another to form a [[gate]]way to the Concourse Yard. They feature ornamental [[limestone]] columns and [[aluminum]] doors. The buildings are connected by an iron bridge that retains its original Art Deco [[baluster|balustrade]].The latter is a one-story brick building measuring 50 feet by 100 feet and featuring a brick [[parapet]] with ornamental [[limestone]] and [[aluminum]] doors.



===East New York Yard===
'''East New York Yard''' (also known as '''DO Yard''' from its [[telegraph|telegraphy letters]]) is primarily used to store and repair trains on the [[J (New York City Subway service)|J]], [[L (New York City Subway service)|L]], [[M (New York City Subway service)|M]] and [[Z (New York City Subway service)|Z]] trains. [[Rapid transit|Subway]] equipment is inspected and maintained there on a regular basis.

It is located at the junction of the [[BMT Canarsie Line|Canarsie]] and [[BMT Jamaica Line|Jamaica Line]]s near the intersection of Broadway and Jamaica Avenue in [[East New York, Brooklyn]]. A separate part of the facility houses the [[East New York Bus Depot]], formerly a [[tram|trolley]] depot. The yard is entirely equipped with hand-operated switches. Only the Fresh Pond Yard and 36th–38th Street Yard share this characteristic.

Portions of the yard date back to 1885 and the [[Lexington Avenue Elevated]] and the yard predates the rebuilding of nearby [[Broadway Junction (BMT Jamaica Line)|Broadway Junction]], which was formerly known as '''Manhattan Junction''' or '''East New York Loop'''.

The yard and its main lead configuration remained the same before and after the extensive elevated line rebuilding nearby, but additional track and structure was built, so that, at its peak, East New York Yard had direct connections to the Broadway Elevated going west, [[BMT Jamaica Line|Jamaica Line]] going east, [[BMT Canarsie Line|Canarsie Line]] going east, and [[Kings County Elevated Railway|Fulton Street Elevated]] both east and west.


===鮮潭車廠===
The '''Fresh Pond Yard''' in [[Middle Village]], [[Queens]] is located to the back of the [[Fresh Pond Bus Depot]] formerly a [[tram|trolley]] depot, and is used for storing the [[R160A (New York City Subway car)|R160As]] that run on the '''[[M (New York City Subway service)|M]]''' train. It is located between [[Fresh Pond Road (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line)|Fresh Pond Road]] and [[Middle Village – Metropolitan Avenue (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line)|Middle Village – Metropolitan Avenue]] on the [[BMT Myrtle Avenue Line]], but is only accessible from the latter station. Trains must first platform there and then reverse into the yard. The yard is entirely equipped with hand-operated switches. Only East New York Yard and 36th–38th Street Yard share this characteristic.


===Jamaica Yard===



'''Jamaica Yard''' is located in [[Kew Gardens, Queens]] at the south end of [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]]. It is connected to the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] at a three-way [[flying junction]]. The yard is on surface level, and the four-track approach includes a bridge over the [[Grand Central Parkway]], despite the Queens Boulevard Line being underground.The site upon which the yard sits at the head of the valley of the [[Flushing River]] was, during the [[American Revolution]], occupied by British troops after the [[Battle of Long Island]].

The yard was built for the [[Independent Subway System]] in the 1930s and served as the south end of the [[World's Fair Railroad]] in 1939 and 1940. The yard provides carwash, interior cleaning, grease and minor repair services to the [[R46 (New York City Subway car)|R46]]s and [[R160 (New York City Subway car)|R160]]s that are assigned to the ***', ***', and ***' trains.Some R160s for the **[[M (New York City Subway service)|M]]** train are stored here as well during weekdays.

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority plans to enlarge the yard.

### Pitkin Yard

The **Pitkin Yard** is located in East New York, Brooklyn. It holds the Pitkin Shops, which maintain the R46s used on the ***' train and [[Rockaway Park Shuttle]]. Some [[R32 (New York City Subway car)|R32]]s used on the ***' train are also stored here.

Track connections from the yard connect both railroad north to Euclid Avenue and railroad south past Grant Avenue on the IND Fulton Street Line. This allows trains to be added or removed from service in either direction. 

### Rockaway Park Yard

**Rockaway Park Yard** is located in Rockaway Park, Queens. It is a layup yard for the R46s on the Rockaway Park Shuttle and ***' train, although they are primarily maintained at the [[Pitkin Yard]] in [[Brooklyn]]. [[R40A (New York City Subway car)|R40A]] #4392-93 are used for school training in this yard. 

This yard is adjacent to [[Rockaway Park – Beach 116th Street (IND Rockaway Line)|Rockaway Park – Beach 116th Street]]. Like the [[IND Rockaway Line]] itself, the Rockaway Yard was originally a yard for the [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] of the [[Long Island Rail Road]]. It included a water tower, a roundhouse, and an elevated loop track for [[Brooklyn Rapid Transit]] trains.




== 其他车辆段 ==

===36th-38th Street Yard===

The '''36th–38th Street Yard''' is located between Fifth and Seventh Avenues in [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn]], adjacent to the [[Bus depots of the New York City Transit Authority#Jackie Gleason Depot|Jackie Gleason Bus Depot]]. This yard is not normally used for  revenue-service train maintenance, though some trains for the ***' service are stored here. Its primary function is to store diesel and electrically powered maintenance-of-way and other non-revenue service rolling stock. It is also used to transfer trash from garbage collector trains to trucks via platforms inside the yard just south of 37th Street.

This southern part of the yard was formerly the center of the South Brooklyn Railway, which extended from Bush Terminal through the north part of the yard, then down Gravesend Avenue and into the Coney Island Yard. The yard is entirely equipped with hand-operated switches. Only Fresh Pond Yard and East New York Yard share this characteristic.

### Linden Shops
**Linden Shops** is a track shop, where track switches and other components are assembled. It has track connections to the IRT New Lots Line and BMT Canarsie Line, but no third rail, restricting the facility to diesel-powered trains only. There is also a track connection to the Long Island Rail Road's Bay Ridge Branch. This connection is one of two from the subway to the mainline United States rail network (the BMT West End Line is the other).

## 参考文献