裂螺科

**裂螺總科**（學名：，亦作**裂裙螺總科**或**透孔螺總科**），其下只有**裂螺科**（學名： Fleming, 1822，亦作**裂裙螺科**、**钥孔䗩科**或**透孔螺科**），是古腹足類支序之下的一個海洋腹足纲软体动物的科。本總科的物種因其錐狀螺殼的螺尖上有一個小孔，是海螺的一個特化體。由於整個螺殼的外形就像一條裂開了一條縫的裙襬那樣，所以被稱為**裂裙螺**。

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》基本上包括了各種笠螺，覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種。

## 分佈
本科物種的分佈是世界性的，從冰冷的寒帶到熱帶都有其物種存在。

## 習性
本科物種一般居住在潮間帶下部深水區的岩面或岩底。

## 分類
本科的屬一般可以按四個不同的亞科來分類。這四個亞科除了裂螺亞科以外，原來都與裂螺科一樣同為裂螺總科之下的科，但現時被降級了，併歸本科。這些亞科分別如下：
*Clypidinidae A. N. Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989
* 天蓋螺亞科 Diodorinae ：由Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011)把原來的天蓋螺族（Diodorini）升級。
** *[[Cosmetalepas]]* Iredale, 1924
** 天蓋螺屬 *[[Diodora]]* 
** *[[Lucapina]]* G. B. Sowerby I, 1835：分佈於西非大西洋東岸的佛德角
** *[[Megathura]]* Pilsbry, 1890
** *[[Monodilepas]]* Finlay, 1927
* 边罅螺亚科 Emarginulinae Children, 1834
**Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
** 边罅螺属 *[[Emarginula]]* Lamarck, 1801：又名鱗䗩屬
**Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
**Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953 	 
**Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
**Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
**天窗䗩属 *[[Puncturella]]* R. T. Lowe, 1827
**笠罅螺屬 *[[Scutus]]* Montfort, 1810
**土加䗩属 *[[Tugali]]* Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843
**Genus *[[Zeidora]]* A. Adams, 1860
*Subfamily Fissurellidinae
*Subfamily Fissurellinae
*Rimulidae Anton, 1838
*Zeidoridae Naef, 1913

但由於現時基於分子分類學的文獻不斷更新，現時普遍不區分亞科現詳列全部的屬。以下為現時屬於本科的屬：
* *[[Altrix]]* Palmer, 1942
* *[[Amblychilepas]]* Pilsbry, 1890
* *[[Buchanania (gastropod)|Buchanania]]* Lesson, 1830
* *[[Clathrosepta]]* McLean & Geiger, 1998
* *[[Clypidina]]* Gray, 1847
* *[[Cornisepta]]* McLean & Geiger, 1998
* *[[Dendrofissurella]]* Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
**平傘裂裙螺（*[[Diodora mus|Diodora cf. mus]]* (Reeve)）：又名黑斑透孔螺
* 榖米螺屬 *[[Dentimargo]]*
* 边罅螺属 *[[Emarginula]]* Lamarck, 1801
* *[[Fissurella]]* Bruguière, 1789
* *[[Fissurellidea]]* d'Orbigny, 1841
* *[[Fissurisepta]]* Seguenza, 1863
* *[[Hemimarginula]]* McLean, 2011
* *[[Hemitoma (genus)|Hemitoma]]* , 1840
* *[[Laeviemarginula]]* Habe In Kuroda, 1953
* *[[Laevinesta]]* Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
* *[[Leurolepas]]* J. H. McLean, 1970
* *[[Lucapinella]]* Pilsbry, 1890
* *[[Macroschisma]]* Sowerby, 1839
* *[[Manganesepta]]* McLean & Geiger, 1998
* *[[Medusafissurella]]* Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
* *[[Montfortia]]* Récluz, 1843
* 凸螺屬 *[[Montfortista]]* Iredale, 1929
* *[[Montfortula]]* Iredale, 1915
* *[[Montfortulana]]* Habe, 1961
* *[[Nesta (gastropod)|Nesta]]* Adams, 1870
* *[[Octomarginula]]* McLean, 2011
* *[[Parmaphorella]]* Strebel, 1907
* *[[Profundisepta]]* McLean & Geiger, 1998
* 天窗䗩属 *[[Puncturella]] <small>R. T. Lowe, 1827</small>
* *Pupillaea* <small>Gray In Sowerby, 1835</small>
* *Rimula* <small>DeFrance, 1827</small>
* *Scelidotoma* <small>Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992</small>
* [[笠罅螺屬]] *Scutus* <small>[[Pierre Dénys de Montfort|Montfort]], 1810</small>
* *Stromboli* <small>Berry, 1954</small>
* [[土加䗩属]] *Tugali* 
* *Tugalina* <small>Habe, 1953</small>
* *Variemarginula* <small>McLean, 2011</small>
* *Zeidora* <small>[[Arthur Adams (zoologist)|A. Adams]], 1860</small>
;異名：
* *Austroglyphis* Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of *Diodora* J. E. Gray, 1821
* *Aviscutum* Iredale, 1940: synonym of *Scutus* Montfort, 1810
* *Capiluna* Gray, 1857: synonym of *Diodora* J. E. Gray, 1821
* [[孔螺屬]] *Cranopsis* <small>A. Adams, 1860</small>：今作 [[天窗䗩属]] *Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
* *Cemoria* Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of *[[Puncturella]]* Lowe, 1827
*  *Cremoria* [Gray, 1842]: synonym of *[[Puncturella]]* Lowe, 1827
* *Elegidion* Iredale, 1924: synonym of *Diodora* J. E. Gray, 1821
* 邊罅螺屬 *[[Emarginella]]* Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of *Emarginula* Lamarck, 1801
* *Entomella* Cotton, 1945: synonym of *[[Emarginula]]* Lamarck, 1801
* *Fissuridea* Swainson, 1840: synonym of *Diodora* J. E. Gray, 1821
* *Glyphis* Carpenter, 1857: synonym of *[[Diodora]]* J. E. Gray, 1821
* *Legrandia* Beddome, 1883: synonym of *[[Zeidora]]* A. Adams, 1860
* *Megatebennus* Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of *[[Fissurellidea]]* d'Orbigny, 1839
* *Nannoscutum* Iredale, 1937: synonym of *[[Scutus]]* Montfort, 1810
* *Nesta* H. Adams, 1870: synonym of *[[Zeidora]]* A. Adams, 1860
* *Notomella* Cotton, 1957: synonym of *[[Emarginula]]* Lamarck, 1801
* *Parmophoridea* Wenz, 1938: synonym of *[[Parmaphorella]]* Strebel, 1907
* *Parmophorus* Blainville, 1817: synonym of *[[Scutus]]* Montfort, 1810
* *Plagiorhytis* P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of *[[Montfortula]]* Iredale, 1915
* *Scutum* P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of *[[Scutus]]* Montfort, 1810
* *Semperia* Crosse, 1867: synonym of *[[Emarginula]]* Lamarck, 1801
*  *Sipho* T. Brown, 1827: synonym of *[[Puncturella]]* Lowe, 1827
* *Siphonella* Issel, 1869: synonym of *[[Montfortista]]* Iredale, 1929
* *Subemarginula* Gray, 1847: synonym of *[[Hemitoma]]* Swainson, 1840
*  *Subzeidora* Iredale, 1924: synonym of *Emarginula (Subzeidora)* Iredale, 1924 
* *Tugalia* Gray, 1857: synonym of *[[Tugali]]* Gray, 1843
* *Vacerra* Iredale, 1924: synonym of *[[Puncturella]]* Lowe, 1827
* *Zidora* P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of *[[Zeidora]]* A. Adams, 1860

## 參考文獻

## 延伸閱讀
* Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.

## 外部連結

* Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae
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