蝾螺科

**蝾螺科**（）是一個包括有小型到大型海洋腹足纲软体动物的一個科。舊屬原始腹足目，現時蠑螺科是鐘螺目鐘螺總科之下的一個科。

本科在2005年的分類很龐大，包含多個亞科與物種，但這些亞科後來都從蠑螺科獨立出來，組成各自的科與總科，到現在又重聚到鐘螺總科之下。

## 型態特徵
本科物種的一大特徵，是其鈣質的口蓋，使之與非常近似但有着角質口蓋的鐘螺科物種分辨開來。蠑螺科物種堅固的口蓋成為了牠們的一種被動的防禦構造，得以抵擋捕食者嘗試從其殼口或殼唇進侵其柔軟的身體。

贝壳多呈陀螺形。分布于热带、亚热带、温带的海洋，以热带水域为多，栖息于潮间带到浅海之岩礁区。

## 分佈及棲息地
按照Williams et al. (2008)，蠑螺科物種由多個支序組成，而且無論在淺水區或深水區皆有其物種棲息。本科物種有很廣闊的分佈範圍，從熱帶到極帶均有分佈，但絕大多數物種都棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶的淺水區。

## 分類
蠑螺科原為前鰓亞綱原始腹足目蠑螺總科的成員。現時蠑螺總科成為了鐘螺總科的異名。然而，這一個頗為古老的腹足綱群組很可能源於2.98億到2.50億年前的二疊紀。本科物種的型態仍然保有多種的特徵，例如：牠們的螺殼內的珠母層。

### 2005年分類
根據布歇和羅克魯瓦的腹足類分類，蠑螺科是蠑螺總科的成員，由下列八個亞科組成：
* Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
* 海豚螺亞科 Angariinae ：又名棘冠螺亞科，Delphinulinae 是本亞科的異名。
* 縮口螺亞科 Colloniinae 
** tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
** tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
** tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
** tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
* Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
* † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
* Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990：異名： *Prisogastrinae* in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)，拼寫錯誤。
*篷螺亞科 Skeneinae ：Delphinoideinae 是本亞科的異名。
* Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

### 2008年分類

根據Williams et al. (2008)的研究成果，蠑螺科被重新定義，還被移到鐘螺總科。與此同時，原來蠑螺科之下的海豚螺亞科獲提至科級，成為了鐘螺總科之下的海豚螺科（Angariidae）；而原來蠑螺科的縮口螺亞科在提升至科級成為縮口螺科（Colloniidae）之餘，再與蠑螺總科的雉螺科改為合組新的雉螺總科（Phasianelloidea ）；Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae。這個時候的蠑螺科包括下列五個亞科：
* 蠑螺亞科 Turbininae ：異名有 Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
* Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924 (upgraded to the rank of family Skeneidae)
* Margaritinae ：根據布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)，這個亞科由以下三個族組成。upgraded to the rank of family Margaritidae
** tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.)
** tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990
** tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993
* Tegulinae ：獲提升至科級成為Tegulidae 
* Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

下列在2005年分類提及過的亞科都保留了：
* Moellerinae ：但*[[Moelleria]]*這個屬的物種並未有包括在2010年的分子研究裡
* † Moreanellinae 

### 2017年分類
亞倫氏螺屬（*Yaronia* ）被重新分到縮口螺科去。

以下為本科現時餘下的屬。

### 屬

現時本科包括以下各屬：
;不屬於任何亞科：
* *[[Phanerolepida]]* Dall, 1907
* *[[Tropidomarga]]* Powell, 1951
;蠑螺亞科（Turbininae）

* *[[Astraea]]* 
* 星螺屬 *[[Astralium]]* 
* *[[Bellastraea]]* 
* 擬星螺屬 *[[Bolma]]* 
* *[[Cookia]]* 
* 刺螺屬 *[[Guildfordia]]* 
* *[[Lithopoma]]* 
* 珠螺屬 *[[Lunella]]* 
* *[[Megastraea]]* 
* *[[Modelia]]* 
* *[[Pomaulax]]* 
* *[[Sarmaturbo]]*  †
* 蠑螺屬 *Turbo* ：模式屬
* *[[Uvanilla]]* 
;Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
* *[[Prisogaster]]*  
;異名：
* *Astrea* Link, 1807: synonym of *Astraea* Röding, 1798
* *Agathistoma* Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of *Tegula* Lesson, 1832
* *Amyxa* Troschel, 1852: synonym of *Prisogaster* Mörch, 1850
* *Calcar* Montfort, 1810: synonym of *Astralium* Link, 1807
* *Canthorbis* Swainson, 1840: synonym of *Astraea* Röding, 1798
* *Cardinalia* Gray, 1842: synonym of *Tectus* Montfort, 1810
* *Crosseia* P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of *Crossea* A. Adams, 1865
* *Cyclocantha* Swainson, 1840: synonym of *Astralium* Link, 1807
* *Dinassovica* Iredale, 1937: synonym of *Turbo (Turbo)* Linnaeus, 1758 represented as *Turbo* Linnaeus, 1758
* *Distellifer* Iredale, 1937: synonym of *Astralium* Link, 1807
* *Foliastralium* Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of *Astralium* Link, 1807
* *Galeoastraea* Habe, 1958: synonym of *Bolma* Risso, 1826
* *Halopsephus* Rehder, 1943: synonym of *Turbo (Halopsephus)* Rehder, 1943 represented as *Turbo* Linnaeus, 1758
* *Harisazaea* Habe, 1958: synonym of *Bolma* Risso, 1826
* *Imperator* Montfort, 1810: synonym of *Astraea* Röding, 1798
*   † *Incilaster* Finlay, 1926: synonym of *Bolma* Risso, 1826
* *Livona* Gray, 1842: synonym of *Cittarium* Philippi, 1847
* *Lunatica* Röding, 1798: synonym of *Turbo* Linnaeus, 1758
* *Macropelmus* Gistel, 1848: synonym of *Astralium* Link, 1807
* *Margarita* Leach, 1819: synonym of *Margarites* Gray, 1847
* *Micrastraea* Cotton, 1939: synonym of *Bellastraea* Iredale, 1924
* *Notosetia* Iredale, 1915: synonym of *Putilla* A. Adams, 1867
* *Okinawastraea* Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of *Astralium* Link, 1807
* † *Oobolma* Sacco, 1896 : synonym of *Bolma'<small>' [[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
* † *Ormastralium* <small>Sacco, 1896</small>: synonym of *Bolma* <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
* *Pachypoma* <small>Gray, 1850</small>: synonym of *Lithopoma* <small>Gray, 1850</small>
* *Pagocalcar* <small>Iredale, 1937</small>: synonym of *Astralium* <small>Link, 1807</small>
* *Pseudastralium* <small>Schepman, 1908</small>: synonym of *Bolma* <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
* *Pyramidea* <small>Swainson, 1840</small>: synonym of *Tectus* <small>Montfort, 1810</small>
* *Pyramis* <small>Schumacher, 1817</small>: synonym of *Tectus* <small>Montfort, 1810</small>
* *Rugastella* <small>Iredale, 1937</small>: synonym of *Astralium* <small>Link, 1807</small>
* *Senobolma* <small>Okutani, 1964</small>: synonym of *Bolma* <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
* *Stella* <small>P. Fischer, 1885</small>: synonym of *Astralium* <small>Link, 1807</small>
* *Submargarita* <small>Strebel, 1908</small>: synonym of *Lissotesta* <small>Iredale, 1915</small>
* *Tharsiella* <small>Bush, 1897</small>: synonym of *Cirsonella* <small>Angas, 1877</small>
* *Trochiscus* <small>G.B. Sowerby I, 1838</small>: synonym of *Norrisia* <small>Bayle, 1880</small>
* † *Tylastralium* <small>Sacco, 1896</small>: synonym of *Bolma* <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
* *Valvatella* <small>Gray, 1857</small>: synonym of *Margarites* <small>Gray, 1847</small>

==参考文献==

* Marshall, B.A. 1988. *Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales*. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). *A classification of the living Mollusca.'' American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
* 

## 外部連結

* Seashells of New South Wales : Turbinidae 
* Seashells of New South Wales: Skeneinae