罗非昔布

**罗非昔布**或**罗非考昔**（，）商品名**Vioxx**、**Ceoxx**和**Ceeoxx**。是一种非甾体类抗炎药（NSAID），由默克公司製造、出售。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）于1999年5月20日批准上市，用以治疗骨关节炎、急性疼痛和痛经。

由於發現到長期且高劑量用藥有增加心臟病的風險，默克公司於2004年9月30日起從市場撤回此藥。

## 合成

## 注脚

## 参考文献
* FDA (2005). "Summary minutes for the February 16, 17 and 18, 2005, Joint meeting of the Arthritis Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee." Published on the internet, March 2005. Link 
* Fitzgerald GA, Coxibs and Cardiovascular Disease, *N Engl J Med* 2004;**351**(17): 1709–1711. .
* Grassley CE (15 Oct 2004). *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041029135457/http://finance.senate.gov/press/Gpress/2004/prg101504.pdf Grassley questions Merck about communication with the FDA on Vioxx.]* Press Release.
* Jüni P, Nartey L, Reichenbach S, Sterchi R, Dieppe PA, Egger M (2004). Risk of cardiovascular events and rofecoxib: cumulative meta-analysis. *Lancet* (published online; see also Merck response below)
* Karha J and Topol EJ. The sad story of Vioxx, and what we should learn from it  *Cleve Clin J Med* 2004; **71**(12):933-939. 
* Michaels, D. (June 2005) DOUBT Is Their Product , *Scientific American,* 292 (6).
* Merck & Co., (5 Nov 2004). *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041221215942/http://www.merck.com/statement_2004_1105/lancet.pdf Response to Article by Juni et al. Published in The Lancet on Nov. 5.]* Press Release.
* Merck & Co (30 Sep 2004) Merck Announces Voluntary Worldwide Withdrawal of VIOXX. Press release https://web.archive.org/web/20050118105613/http://vioxx.com/vioxx/documents/english/vioxx_press_release.pdf.
* D. M. Mukherjee, S. E. Nissen, and E. J. Topol, "Risk of Cardiovascular Events Associated with Selective COX-2 Inhibitors," Journal of the American Medical Association 186 (2001): 954–959.
* Nussmeier NA, Whelton AA, Brown MT, Langford RM, Hoeft A, Parlow JL, *et al.* Complications of the COX-2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib after cardiac surgery. *N Engl J Med* 2005;**352**(11):1081-91. 
* Okie, S (2005) "Raising the safety bar--the FDA's coxib meeting." *N Engl J Med.* 2005 Mar 31;352(13):1283-5. .
* Leleti Rajender Reddy, Corey EJ. Facile air oxidation of the conjugate base of rofecoxib (Vioxx), a possible contributor to chronic human toxicity *Tetrahedron Lett* 2005, **46**: 927. 
* Swan SK *et al.*, Effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition on Renal Function in Elderly Persons Receiving a Low-Salt Diet. Annals of Int Med 2000; 133:1–9
* Targum, SL. (1 Feb. 2001) Review of cardiovascular safety database. *FDA memorandum.* http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/briefing/3677b2_06_cardio.pdf 
* Wolfe, MM et al., Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-anflamattory Drugs, New England Journal of Medicine. 1999; 340; 1888-98.

## 外部链接

* National Public Radio 2004 Q&A on the case, following withdrawal announcement 
* Court TV's full coverage of the Vioxx civil trials
* Merck website on Vioxx litigation
* FDA Public Health Advisory on Vioxx 
*David Michaels. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060218185546/http://www.sciamdigital.com/browse.cfm?sequencenameCHAR=item2&methodnameCHAR=resource_getitembrowse&interfacenameCHAR=browse.cfm&ISSUEID_CHAR=B38CE21A-2B35-221B-67096ED4BD9F95F7&ARTICLEID_CHAR=B3AF7D6A-2B35-221B-601840861CEDAFE1&sc=I100322 Doubt is Their Product]* Scientific American, June 2004, p.&nbsp;96-101
*JURIST, Much Pain, Much Gain: Skeptical Ruminations on the Vioxx Litigation
*Ted Frank, American Enterprise Institute, *The Vioxx Litigation*, Part I and Part II, December 2005
* briandeer.com - Vioxx: the UK connection 
* Campaign for compensation for Vioxx victims outside the US