埃塞尔·史密斯 (作曲家)

**埃塞尔·玛丽·史密斯**女爵士，DBE（，），女，英国作曲家和争取女性參政權运动的成员之一。史密斯出生于伦敦，是家里八个孩子中的老四。 她的父亲J. H. Smyth是皇家炮兵的一名少将，非常反对她的音乐事业。

但史密斯没有受到父亲影响，成为了一位优秀的作曲家。她师从一位私人家教，后来进入萊比錫孟德爾頌音樂戲劇學院学习，在那里她遇到了许多作曲家。她的作品包括歌曲，钢琴作品，室内乐，管弦乐，协奏曲作品，合唱作品和歌剧。

她住在Frimhurst很多年。但是从1913年起，她开始逐渐丧失听力，完成四个主要作品就完全耳聋，作曲生涯也结束了。然而，她又开始在文学上感兴趣，在1919年和1940年，她出版了10本非常成功的书，大多是自传。

为了表彰史密斯作为作曲家和作家的成就，1922年她被授予大英帝國勳章（DBE）。1944年史密斯死于沃金，并在当地火化。

## 音乐生涯

## 参与运动

## 个人生活
史密斯曾经有过好几段恋情，大部分是与女性。她歌剧作品的词作者Henry Bennet Brewster，可能是她唯一的男性情人。她曾与已婚的艾米琳·潘克斯特有过恋情。在她71岁时喜欢上了作家弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫，吴尔夫既惊慌又好笑，后来她们成为了朋友。

## 作品
### 作曲

**Impressions That Remained* (1919)
**Streaks Of Life* (1921)
**A Three-Legged Tour in Greece* (1927) 
**A Final Burning of Boats* (1928)
**Female Pipings in Eden* (1933)

**Beecham and Pharaoh* (1935)
**As Time Went On* (1936)
**Inordinate (?) Affection* (1936)
**Maurice Baring* (1938) 
**What Happened Next* (1940)

## 录音
* Violin Sonata in A minor, Op. 7, Cello Sonata in A minor, Op. 5, String Quintet in E major, Op. 1, String Quartet in E minor (1912): Renate Eggebrecht, violin, Friedemann Kupsa cello, Céline Dutilly piano, fanny mendelssohn quartet, TRO-CD 01403 (2-CD-Set).
* Double Concerto in A for violin, horn and piano (1926): Renate Eggebrecht violin, Franz Draxinger horn, Céline Dutilly piano; Four Songs for mezzosoprano and chamber ensemble (1907): Melinda Paulsen mezzo, Ethel Smyth ensemble; Three songs for mezzosoprano and piano (1913): Melinda Paulsen mezzo, Angela Gassenhuber piano, TRO-CD 01405.
* Cello Sonata in C minor (1880): Friedemann Kupsa cello, Anna Silova piano; Lieder und Balladen, Opp. 3 & 4, Three Moods of the Sea (1913): Maarten Koningsberger baritone, Kelvin Grout piano, TRO-CD 01417.
* String Quartet in E Minor and String Quintet op. 1 in E Major. Mannheimer Streichquartett and Joachim Griesheimer. CPO 999 352-2.
* Complete Piano Works. Liana Serbescu. CPO 999 327-2.
* Concerto for Violin, Horn and Orchestra. BBC Philharmonic, cond. Odaline de la Martinez. Chandos Chan 9449.
* Mass in D. Eiddwen Harrhy, The Plymouth Music Series, Pilip Brunelle. Virgin Classics VC 7 91188-2.
* *The Wreckers.* Anne-Marie Owens, Justin Lavender, Peter Sidhom, David Wilson-Johnson, Judith Howarth, Anthony Roden, Brian Bannatyne-Scott, Annemarie Sand. Huddersfield Choral Society, BBC Philharmonic, Odaline de la Martinez. Conifer Classics.

## 參見
* 古典音樂作曲家列表

## 参考资料
**注释**

**引用来源**
*Benson, E.F. (1986), *Dodo: An Omnibus*. London: Hogarth Press, 1986  ISBN 0701206969 ISBN 0-7012-0696-9
*Gates, Eugene (2006), "Damned If You Do and Damned If You Don't: Sexual Aesthetics and the Music of Dame Ethel Smyth" , *Kapralova Society Journal* 4, no. 1, 2006: 1-5.
*Gates, Eugene (2013), "Dame Ethel Smyth: Pioneer of English Opera." *Kapralova Society Journal* 11, no. 1 (2013): 1-9.
*Jebens, Dieter and R. Cansdale (2004), *Guide to the Basingstoke Canal*. Basingstoke Canal Authority and the Surrey and Hampshire Canal Society, 2004. (2nd Edition)
* St. John, Christopher (1959), *Ethel Smyth: A Biography.* London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1959.

## 延伸阅读
*Anderson, Gwen, *Ethyl Smyth*, London: Cecil Woolf, 1997. ISBN 189796790X  ISBN 1-897967-90-X 
* Bartsch, Cornelia, Rebecca Grotjahn, and Melanie Unseld. *Felsensprengerin, Brückenbauerin, Wegbereiterin: Die Komponistin Ethel Smyth. Rock Blaster, Bridge Builder, Road Paver: The Composer Ethel Smyth.*  Allitera (2010) ISBN 978-3-86906-068-2
* Collis, Louise. *Impetuous Heart: The Story of Ethel Smyth.* London: William Kimber, 1984. ISBN 0-7183-0543-4
* Crichton, Ronald. *The Memoirs of Ethel Smyth*. London: Viking Press, 1987. ISBN 0670806552 ISBN 0-670-80655-2 
*Kertesz, Elizabeth Jane,  ''Issues in the critical reception of Ethel Smyth’s Mass and first four operas in England and Germany'', Ph. D. Dissertation, Melboure: University of Melbourne on unimelb.edu.au

## 外部链接
* 
* The Lied, Art Song and Choral Texts Archive
* Dame Ethel Smyth: Pioneer of English Opera  - by Eugene Gates, *Kapralova Society Journal*.
* Ethel Smyth  - by Valarie Morris, Sandscape Publications.
* Ethel Smyth Research Centre Detmold, Germany
* Ethel Mary Smyth letter 
* Ethel Mary Smyth letter 2  
* Dame Ethel Mary Smyth (1858-1944), Composer and writer  (National Portrait Gallery)
* 
* Works by Ethel Smyth on Internet Archive
* Dame Ethel Smyth: Composer, suffragette, sportswoman and resident of Woking