加尔维涅·穆古拉扎

**加尔维涅·穆古拉扎·布兰科**（，），西班牙前職業網球運動員，單打最高世界排名第一，兩座大滿貫得主。

蒙奎露薩於2014年法國網球公開賽擊敗時任世界第一小威廉絲，打入八強而一戰成名，並且在2016年法國網球公開賽闖入決賽，再度擊敗小威廉絲，奪得生涯首座大滿貫女單冠軍。2017年溫布頓網球錦標賽決賽，梅古露莎擊敗賽會五屆冠軍大威廉絲奪冠，成為21世紀以來，威廉絲姊妹以外第五位溫網女單冠軍，更是史上第一位在女單大滿貫，於決賽成功擊敗大威廉絲與小威廉絲兩人的女子網球員。梅古露莎在2017年9月11日的WTA排名登上女子單打第一位，成為史上第24位世界球-{后}-。

## 家庭和個人生活
穆古拉扎的父親José Antonio是西班牙人，母親Scarlet Blanco是委內瑞拉人。

## 網球生涯
### 2012
2012年索尼愛立信公開賽，穆古拉扎收到外卡得以參賽，第二輪直落兩盤擊敗曾排名前世界第二的薇拉·茲沃納列娃，第三輪擊敗弗拉維婭·佩內塔，第四輪敗給最終奪冠的阿格涅什卡·拉德萬斯卡。

### 2013
2013年巴黎銀行公開賽，穆古拉扎從資格賽打進到會內賽的第四輪，才輸給安赫利奎·克柏，接著又收到2013年索尼愛立信公開賽的外卡，第三輪擊敗前界第一卡羅琳·沃茲尼亞奇，第四輪敗給世界第二李娜。

### 2014：突破
穆古拉扎在澳網前的熱身賽，荷巴特國際賽闖入決賽，以直落二盤擊敗克拉拉·扎科帕洛娃，獲得職業生涯第一個WTA級別冠軍。

2014年澳洲網球公開賽，穆古拉扎在第三輪再次擊敗前界第一卡羅琳·沃茲尼亞奇，但在第四輪再次敗給阿格涅什卡·拉德萬斯卡。

澳網後，穆古拉扎參加巴西弗洛里亞諾波利斯舉行的巴西網球盃（Brasil Tennis Cup），她闖入決賽，但取得一盤領先的情況下，被對手克拉拉·扎科帕洛娃連得兩盤，獲得亞軍。

2014年法國網球公開賽，穆古拉扎在第二輪爆冷擊敗上屆冠軍沙蓮娜·威廉絲，接著一路打進八強，敗給最終奪冠的瑪麗亞·莎拉波娃，但已創下個人大滿貫最佳成績。

### 2015

Muguruza's first event of the year was to be the Brisbane International but she was forced to withdraw from the event due to an ankle injury. The following week, Muguruza chose not to defend her title at the Hobart International and competed at the Sydney International instead, where she reached the quarterfinals, defeating Agnieszka Radwańska for the first time in her career en route. At the Australian Open, she progressed to the fourth round for the second consecutive year with wins over Marina Erakovic, Daniela Hantuchová and Timea Bacsinszky before falling to the eventual champion, Serena Williams in three sets.

Muguruza won both of her singles rubbers in the 2015 Fed Cup World Group II, defeating Irina-Camelia Begu and world No. 3 Simona Halep but Spain lost the tie 3–2 after Muguruza and her compatriot, Anabel Medina Garrigues lost the deciding doubles rubber. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, Muguruza reached her first WTA Premier 5 semi-final in singles, defeating qualifier 娅尔米拉·盖多绍娃, twelfth seed Jelena Janković, fifth seed Agnieszka Radwańska and thirteenth seed and doubles partner Carla Suárez Navarro before falling to the seventeenth seed and eventual runner-up, Karolína Plíšková in three sets. She also reached the final of the doubles with Suárez Navarro. The following week, Muguruza retired from her first round match against Suárez Navarro at the Qatar Open while trailing 6–5 in the first set.

In March, Muguruza lost to Ka. Plíšková in the third round of the Indian Wells Masters after a second round win over American wildcard Irina Falconi. Despite this, she rose to a career high singles ranking of world No. 19 after the event. A fortnight later, Muguruza reached the third round of the Miami Open after defeating qualifier Sesil Karatantcheva but lost to the eleventh seed Sara Errani after winning the first set.

Muguruza reached the second round of the three clay court events that she competed in leading into the French Open. She lost to second seed Simona Halep in Stuttgart, Kristina Mladenovic in Marrakech and the eventual finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova in Madrid. Muguruza and Suárez Navarro also reached the doubles final of the latter for the second consecutive year but the pair lost in three sets to Casey Dellacqua and Yaroslava Shvedova. Despite failing to win back-to-back matches since February, Muguruza reached her second consecutive French Open quarterfinal, defeating Angelique Kerber and Flavia Pennetta en route, before losing to the eventual runner-up, Lucie Šafářová.

Muguruza made a poor start to the grass court season, losing in the first round of the Birmingham Classic and the third round of the Eastbourne International after a first round bye. However, she and Suárez Navarro won their first grass court doubles title in Birmingham, defeating Andrea Hlaváčková and Lucie Hradecká in straight sets in the final. At the Wimbledon Championships, Muguruza defeated 10th seed Kerber in the third round, 5th seed Caroline Wozniacki in the fourth round, 15th seed Timea Bacsinszky in the quarterfinals and 13th seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the semi-finals to advance to her maiden Grand Slam final. She played against world No. 1 Serena Williams for the title, but lost in straight sets. After the tournament, Muguruza entered the Top 10 for the first time, moving up to world No. 9 in the WTA Rankings.

During the US Open series, Muguruza did not enjoy much success, dropping her opening matches in Toronto and Cincinnati to qualifiers Lesia Tsurenko and Yaroslava Shvedova respectively. At the US Open, she recorded her first win at the tournament by defeating German Carina Witthöft in the first round. However, she fell short to Johanna Konta in the following round in three sets, the match was a total time of 3 hours and 23 minutes, the longest women's singles match in that tournament's history since the introduction of tiebreaker in 1970.

Muguruza kicked off the Asian swing at the Pan Pacific Open where she successfully advanced to the last eight after defeating Barbora Strýcová before losing to eventual finalist Belinda Bencic in straight sets. At the Wuhan Open, Muguruza successfully cruised into her second straight quarterfinal at the event after dispatching Sloane Stephens and Ana Ivanovic. She then went on to defeat the likes of Anna Karolina Schmiedlova and Kerber to reach the final where she faced Venus Williams but was forced to retire in the second set with an ankle injury. Muguruza was able to crack the Top 5 for the first time in her career after the tournament's conclusion. At the China Open, Muguruza breezed by Irina Falconi before going the distance against Mirjana Lučić-Baroni to advance to the quarterfinals. With the win, Muguruza qualified for the WTA Finals for the first time. She will be the first Spaniard to compete at the year-end championships since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 2001. She then beat Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Radwańska to advance to her maiden Premier Mandatory final. With her semifinal win over Radwańska, Muguruza cracked the Top 4 rankings where she reached a career high of world No. 4. She went on to defeat Bacsinszky in straight sets to claim her first Premier Mandatory title and her biggest title of her career.

Muguruza then traveled to Singapore for the WTA Finals, where she went undefeated in the round robin play; beating Petra Kvitová, Angelique Kerber, and Lucie Šafářová. She then lost to eventual champion Agnieszka Radwańska in the semifinals. Muguruza also competed in doubles in Singapore, where she and her compatriot Carla Suárez Navarro reached the final. However, they lost to the number one seeds Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza.

### 2016

穆古拉扎在2015年后半年迎来井喷式的状态爆发后，2016年年初陷入了状态低迷，布里斯班站退赛后她在澳网第三轮输给了捷克人斯特里科娃，随后她在迪拜和多哈两站公开赛中接连负于斯维托丽娜和佩特科维奇。来到强制赛印第安维尔斯，她首轮轮空后第二轮就输给了本土选手麦克哈尔，迈阿密站第二轮苦战击败齐布尔科娃之后在第四轮负于北美背靠背夺冠的阿扎伦卡。

进入红土赛季，穆古拉扎的状态有所恢复，在斯图加特站打进8强负于科维托娃，马德里站第二轮负于罗马尼亚人贝古，罗马站打入本年度首个半决赛，直落两盘负于美国人凯斯。进入法网，首轮和赛季连败的施米德洛娃陷入苦战，最终三盘淘汰对手，之后穆古拉扎状态神勇，接连战胜库兹涅佐娃，斯托瑟等强手，决赛直落两盘击败连续四天作战的头号种子小威廉姆斯，取得对对手法网两连胜的同时也获得了职业生涯首个单打大满贯冠军。

### 2017

Muguruza started the season at the Brisbane International, being the no. 4 seed. She made a run to the quarterfinals after three-set wins over Sam Stosur and Daria Kasatkina, and a straight sets win over Svetlana Kuznetsova. She then retired in the first set of her semifinal match against Alizé Cornet due to injury. At the Australian Open, Muguruza beat Marina Erakovic, Samantha Crawford, Anastasija Sevastova and Sorana Cîrstea en route to her first ever quarterfinal at the tournament. She then lost to Coco Vandeweghe in straight sets.

Muguruza then played the Fed Cup quarter-finals, where she beat Barbora Strycova in three sets before losing to Karolina Pliskova. Spain ended up losing the tie 2-3. During the Gulf Swing, she beat Cagla Buyukakcay in Doha, before succumbing to Zhang Shuai in three sets. She then retired in her first match at Dubai against Kateryna Bondarenko, due to injury. At Indian Wells, Muguruza advanced to the quarterfinals, beating Kirsten Flipkens, 17-year-old Kayla Day, and  Elina Svitolina en route. She then lost to world no.3 Karolina Pliskova in two tiebreaks.

### 2021：重回世界前十，WTA总决赛冠军，年终第3
蒙奎露薩在阿布扎比開始2021賽季，在那裡她擊敗了艾莉克珊德拉·薩諾維琪和克里斯蒂娜·美拉德諾維奇贏得了勝利，然後輸給了瑪麗亞·莎卡瑞。澳大利亚雅拉山谷精英赛中，蒙奎露薩在與艾莉森·范·愛特凡珂，安娜斯塔西亞·帕夫柳琴科娃，索菲亞·科寧和馬克·塔·馮杜洛索娃的比賽中仅丟十局过关，這是她自2020年澳網公開賽决赛以來的首個巡迴賽決賽。在決賽中，她輸給了世界第一的阿什莉·巴蒂。

在2021年澳大利亞公開賽上，蒙奎露薩繼續保持良好的狀態，贏得了瑪格麗塔·加斯帕揚，劉德米拉·薩姆諾諾娃和扎里娜·迪亞斯的勝利，這是她連續第二週第二次參加澳大利亞公開賽。在第四輪中，她三盘輸給了最終的冠軍大阪直美，決胜局中她在取得兩個赛点后被逆转。

作为迪拜网球锦标赛9号种子选手，她以八局直接戰勝了伊琳娜-卡梅利亞·貝古、阿曼達·阿尼西莫娃和最近的法國公開賽冠軍伊加·斯维亚特克進入了八強。然後，她從一盤集錦上脫穎而出，重演多哈戰胜阿丽娜·萨巴伦卡的比賽，闖入了她的第三場迪拜半決賽。從而連續第二次闖入決賽，並在本年度的第三局中以直落局擊敗了巴博拉·克雷吉茨科娃，獲得了冠軍。这是她自2017年辛辛那提夺冠后获得的最高级别冠军，也是自2019年蒙特雷夺冠后的首个冠军。

## 大满贯
### 女單冠軍（2）

### 女單亞軍（2）

## 參考來源

## 外部連結

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* Fed Cup - Player profile - Garbine MUGURUZA (ESP)