耳螺科

**耳螺科**（），亦作**耳蝸牛科**，是腹足綱耳螺總科（学名：）之下的一個科。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科。2005年《布歇和羅克魯瓦的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組。在2017年《布歇等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目。

## 型態描述
本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口。

## 分佈及棲息地
本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域。部分物種嗜鹽，常栖息在河口半淡鹹水域或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裡，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生。

## 系統分類
### 屬
，WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬：
; 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae ，果瓣螺亚科

; 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae 

; 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae 

; 趾蝸牛亞科 Pedipedinae

; 扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae 

;異名：
  » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)
  » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])
  » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
  » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821
  » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
  » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)
  » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
  » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
** 扁耳螺屬 *Pythia* Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
*** 花豹耳螺 *[[Pythia pantherina]]* (A. Adams)
*** 厚皮耳螺 *[[Pythia pachyodon]]* Pilsbry et Hirase
* subfamily Zaptychiinae †
* *[[Zaptychius]]* Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。
* 亞科地位未定
** Genus *[[Juramarinula]]*  †
** Genus *[[Leopoldium]]*  †
** Genus *[[Melampoides]]*  †
** Genus *[[Mesauriculstra]]*  †
** Genus *[[Mesochilina]]*  †
** Genus *[[Palaeoleuca]]*  †
** Genus *[[Proauriculastra]]*  †
** Genus *[[Pythiopsis]]*  †
** Genus *[[Rhytophorus]]*  †
** Genus *[[Semiauricula]]*  †
** Genus *[[Stolidoma]]*  †
** Genus *[[Tortacella]]*  †
** Genus *[[Traliopsis]]*  †

subfamily ?
* *[[Auriculinella]]* Tausch, 1886
* *[[Auriculodes]]* Strand, 1928
* *[[Blauneria]]* Shuttleworth, 1854
* *[[Creedonia]]* Martins, 1996
* *[[Detracia]]* Gray in Turton, 1840
* *[[Leuconopsis]]* Hutton, 1884
* *[[Marinula]]* King & Broderip, 1832
* 微耳螺屬 *[[Microtralia]]* ：嗜鹽。
* *[[Ophicardelus]]* Beck, 1838
* *[[Ovatella]]* Bivona, 1832
* *[[Pleuroloba]]* Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
* *[[Pseudomelampus]]* Pallary, 1900
* *[[Tralia]]* Gray, 1840
;異名：
* *Alexia* Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of *[[Myosotella]]* Monterosato, 1906
* *Auricula* Lamarck, 1799: synonym of *[[Ellobium]]* Röding, 1798
* *Cremnobates* Swainson, 1855: synonym of *[[Marinula]]* King & Broderip, 1832
* *Jaminia* T. Brown, 1827: synonym of *[[Myosotella]]* Monterosato, 1906
* *Kochia* Pallary, 1900: synonym of *[[Myosotella]]* Monterosato, 1906
* *Laimodonta* H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of *[[Laemodonta]]* Philippi, 1846
* *Leuconia* Gray, 1840: synonym of *[[Auriculinella]]* Tausch, 1886
* *Leucopepla* Peile, 1926: synonym of *[[Auriculinella]]* Tausch, 1886
* *Leucophytia* Winckworth, 1949: synonym of *[[Auriculinella]]* Tausch, 1886
* *Monica* H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of *[[Ovatella]]* Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
* *Nealexia* Wenz, 1920: synonym of *[[Myosotella]]* Monterosato, 1906
* *Phytia*: synonym of *[[Pythia (gastropod)|Pythia]]* Röding, 1798
* *Pira* H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of *[[Melampus]]* Montfort, 1810
* *Plecotrema* H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of *[[Laemodonta]]* Philippi, 1846
* *Rangitotoa* Powell, 1933: synonym of *[[Microtralia]]* Dall, 1894
;Taxonomic note:
Genus *Sarnia* H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia *[H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239*] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of *Siona* H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of *[[Siona (moth)|Siona]]* Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

## 参考文献
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference

## 外部連結

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