梭法螺属

**梭法螺属**（學名：），又名**象法螺屬**或**嵌線螺屬**，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元。

本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。

## 化石紀錄
本屬的化石紀錄已知從始新世到第四紀（距今：從5580到1.2萬年前）。

## 形態描述
這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴。 孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月; 這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。

## 分類
### 亞屬
目前本屬有至少十個亞屬，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：
* *Cymatium* Röding, 1798, type species: *[[Cymatium femorale]]*
* 毛螺亞屬 *[[Monoplex]]* G. Perry, 1811, type species: *[[Cymatium parthenopeum]]*
* *[[Gelagna]]* Schaufuss, 1869, type species: *[[Cymatium succinctum]]*
* *[[Ranularia]]* Schumacher, 1817, type species: *[[Cymatium gutturnium]]*
* *[[Gutturnium]]* Mørch, 1852, type species: *[[Cymatium muricinum]]*
* *[[Reticutriton]]* Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：*[[Cymatium pfeifferianum]]*
* *[[Linatella]]* Gray, 1868, 模式种为：*[[Cymatium cutaceum]]*
* 象鼻法螺 *Lotoria* Emerson and Old, 1963, 模式种为：*[[Cymatium perryi]]*
* 籬螺亞屬 ** ：模式種為*[[Septa rubecula]]*，被WoRMS提升至屬級。
* *[[Turritriton]]* Dall, 1904, 模式种为：*[[Cymatium gibbosum]]*

### 物種
根據World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種：

* 宝石法螺
* 小白法螺

### 異名物種
* *Cymatium aegrotum* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Ranularia gallinago]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium aquatile* (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of *[[Monoplex aquatilis]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium cingulatum* (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of *[[Linatella caudata]]* (Gmelin, 1791) 
* *Cymatium clandestinum* (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of *[[Gelagna succincta]]* (Linnaeus, 1771)
* *Cymatium closeli* Beu, 1987: synonym of *[[Septa closeli]]* (Beu, 1987) 
* *Cymatium comptum* (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of *[[Monoplex comptus]]* (A. Adams, 1855)
* *Cymatium corrugatum* (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of *[[Monoplex corrugatus]]* (Lamarck, 1816) 
* *Cymatium cutaceum* (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of *[[Linatella caudata]]* (Gmelin, 1791) 
* *Cymatium cynocephalum* (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of *[[Ranularia cynocephala]]* (Lamarck, 1816)
* *Cymatium doliarium* Lamarck: synonym of *[[Cabestana dolaria]]* (Linnaeus, 1767) 
* *Cymatium durbanensis* (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of  *[[Monoplex durbanensis]]* (E.A. Smith, 1899)
* *Cymatium exaratum* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Monoplex exaratus]]* (Reeve, 1844)
* *Cymatium exaratum durbanense* (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of *Cymatium exaratum* (Reeve, 1844) accepted as *[[Monoplex exaratus]]* (Reeve, 1844)
* 秀美象法螺 *[[Cymatium exile]]*: synonym of *[[Ranularia exilis]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium gallinago* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Ranularia gallinago]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium gemmatum* Reeve: synonym of *[[Monoplex gemmatus]]* (Reeve, 1844)
* *Cymatium gibbosum* (Broderip, 1833): synonym of *[[Turritriton gibbosus]]* (Broderip, 1833)
* *Cymatium grandimaculatum* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Lotoria grandimaculata]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium hepaticum* (Röding, 1798): synonym of *[[Septa hepatica]]* (Röding, 1798) 
* *Cymatium kleinei* (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of *[[Monoplex klenei]]* (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889) 
* *Cymatium kobelti*: synonym of *[[Turritriton kobelti]]* (Maltzan, 1884) 
* *Cymatium krebsii* (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of *[[Monoplex krebsii]]* (Mörch, 1877) 
* *Cymatium labiosum*  (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of *[[Turritriton labiosus]]* (Wood, 1828) 
* 象鼻法螺 *[[Cymatium lotorium]]*  ：今作*[[Lotoria lotoria]]*
* *Cymatium marerubrum*: synonym of *[[Septa marerubrum]]* (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
* *Cymatium martinianum* (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of *[[Monoplex pilearis]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) 
* *Cymatium moniliferum* (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of *[[Ranularia monilifera]]* (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) 
* *Cymatium moritinctum* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Ranularia cynocephala]]* (Lamarck, 1816) 
** Cymatium mundum* (Gould, 1849): synonym of *[[Monoplex mundus]]* (Gould, 1849) 
* *Cymatium muricinum*  (Röding, 1798) : synonym of *[[Gutturnium muricinum]]* (Röding, 1798) 
* *Cymatium nicobaricum* (Röding, 1798) : synonym of *[[Monoplex nicobaricus]]* (Röding, 1798) 
* *Cymatium occidentale* (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of *[[Septa occidentalis]]* (Mörch, 1877)
* *Cymatium olearium* Linnaeus: synonym of *[[Ranella olearium]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) 
* *Cymatium* (*Septa*) *parthenopeum* (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of* [[Monoplex parthenopeus]]* (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
* *Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum* (Salis, 1793): synonym of* [[Monoplex parthenopeus]]* (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
* *Cymatium penniketi* Beu, 1998: synonyom of *[[Monoplex penniketi]]* (Beu, 1998) 
* *Cymatium pharcidum* (Dall, 1889): synonym of *[[Turritriton tenuiliratus]]* (Lischke, 1873) 
* 菲氏瘦法螺 *Cymatium pfeifferianum* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Reticutriton pfeifferianus]]* (Reeve, 1844)
* 梨形嵌線螺 *Cymatium pyrum* (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of *[[Ranularia pyrum]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) 
* *Cymatium rubeculum* (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of *[[Septa rubecula]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) 
* 肉唇象法螺 *Cymatium sarcostomum* (Reeve, 1844): synonym of *[[Ranularia sarcostoma]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium* (*Ranularia*) *sinense* (Reeve, 1844):  synonym of *[[Ranularia sinensis]]* (Reeve, 1844)
* *Cymatium* (*Linatella*) *succinctum* (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of *[[Linatella succincta]]* (Linnaeus, 1771)
* *Cymatium testudinarium* (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of *[[Ranularia testudinaria]]* (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) 
* *Cymatium tranquebaricum* (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of *[[Monoplex tranquebaricus]]* (Lamarck, 1816)
* *Cymatium trigonum* (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of  *[[Monoplex trigonus]]* (Gmelin, 1791)
* *Cymatium trilineatum*: synonym of *[[Ranularia trilineata]]* (Reeve, 1844) 
* *Cymatium vespaceum* Lamarck, 1822: synonym of *[[Monoplex vespaceus]]* (Lamarck, 1822) 

*Cymatium* species found in the Western Atlantic include:http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?mode=findsnail&genus=cymatium&associatedname=&author=&year=&yearend=&Search=Search 
* *Cymatium rehderi* A. H. Verrill, 1950  :  synonym of  *[[Ranularia rehderi]]* (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:
* *[[Cymatium tabulatus]]* aka *[[Turritriton tabulatus exaratus]]* (Reeve, 1844)
* *Cymatium parkinsonianum* (Perry, 1811): synonym of *[[Austrotriton parkinsonius]]* Perry, 1811
* *Cymatium pileare* (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of *[[Cymatium (Septa) pileare]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *Cymatium perryi* Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of *[[Lotoria perryi]]* (Emerson & Old, 1963)

### 圖庫

File: Ranellidae - Cymatium affine.JPG|Fossil shell of *Cymatium affine* from Pliocene of Italy
File:Cymatium doderleini 01.JPG|Fossil shell of *Cymatium doderleini* from Pliocene of Italy


## 參考文獻

## 外部連結

*
* Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at http://www.jaxshells.org/genus.htm 
* Malacolog info at: http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?mode=findsnail&genus=cymatium&associatedname=&author=&year=&yearend=&Search=Search