熊果屬

**熊果屬**（学名：*Arctostaphylos*；;*arkto* 熊 + *staphyle* 葡萄）是杜鹃花科下的一个属，为灌木或小種樹植物。

熊果屬包括約60個品種，從緊貼地面的北極圈，到海岸、山上不等，皆為其生活圈子。熊果屬一般不高，不會超過六公尺高，而且皆為常綠植物。

## 物種
According to Philip V. Wells in *[[The Jepson Manual]]* and other sources, there are two subgenera of *Arctostaphylos*:
* Subgenus *Micrococcus*
** Sect. *Micrococcus*
*** *[[Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis]]* Pygmy Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos myrtifolia]]* Ione Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos nissenana]]* Nissenan Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos nummularia]]* Glossyleaf Manzanita
* Subgenus *Arctostaphylos*, which has 3 sections:
** Sect. *Arctostaphylos*
*** *[[Arctostaphylos alpina]]* Alpine Bearberry
*** *[[Arctostaphylos bakeri]]* Baker's Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos densiflora]]* Sonoma Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos edmundsii]]* Little Sur Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos franciscana]]* Franciscan Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos gabrielensis]]* San Gabriel Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos glauca]]* Bigberry Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos hispidula]]* Gasquet Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos hookeri]]* Hooker's Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos insularis]]* Island Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos klamathensis]]* Klamath Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos manzanita]]* Common Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos mewukka]]* Indian Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos nevadensis]]* Pinemat Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos parryana]]* Parry Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos patula]]* Greenleaf Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pumila]]* Sandmat Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pungens]]* Pointleaf Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos rudis]]* Shagbark Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos stanfordiana]]* Stanford's Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos uva-ursi]]* Bearberry
*** *[[Arctostaphylos viscida]]* Sticky Manzanita
** Sect. *Foliobracteata*
*** *[[Arctostaphylos andersonii]]* Santa Cruz Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos auriculata]]* Mount Diablo Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos canescens]]* Hoary Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos catalinae]]* Santa Catalina Island Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos columbiana]]* Hairy Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos confertiflora]]* Santa Rosa Island Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos cruzensis]]* La Cruz Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos glandulosa]]* Eastwood Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos glutinosa]]* Schreiber's Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos hooveri]]* Hoover's Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos imbricata]]* San Bruno Mountain Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos luciana]]* Santa Lucia Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos malloryi]]* Mallory's Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos montaraensis]]* Montara Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos montereyensis]]* Monterey Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos morroensis]]* Morro Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos nortensis]]* Del Norte Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos obispoensis]]* Serpentine Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos osoensis]]* Oso Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos otayensis]]* Otay Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pajaroensis]]* Pajaro Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pallida]]* Pallid Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pechoensis]]* Pecho Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pilosula]]* La Panzo Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos purissima]]* La Purissima Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos refugioensis]]* Refugio Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos regismontana]]* Kings Mountain Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos silvicola]]* Bonny Doon Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos tomentosa]]* Woolyleaf Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos virgata]]* Bolinas Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos viridissima]]* Whitehair Manzanita
*** *[[Arctostaphylos wellsii]]* Wells' Manzanita
** Sect. *Pictobracteata*
*** *[[Arctostaphylos pringlei]]* Pringle Manzanita
* Unassigned
** *[[Arctostaphylos rainbowensis]]* Rainbow Manzanita
** *[[Arctostaphylos gabilanensis]]* Gabilan Manzanita
** *[[Arctostaphylos ohloneana]]* Ohlone Manzanita
;Synonyms
**Arctostaphylos bicolor* is generally considered *[[Xylococcus bicolor]]*
**Arctostaphylos crustacea* is generally considered *[[Arctostaphylos tomentosa]]* ssp. *crustacea*

See also the closely related genus *[[Comarostaphylis]]*, previously often included in *Arctostaphylos*.

## 種植
由於熊果屬植物很容易受到由真菌引起的疾病影響，本屬植物的種植比較困難，通常都只能在多鹽及鹼土上才比較可行。在天氣炎熱時，應避免把水從頭直接淋灑。

## 参考文献
* James C. Hickman. 1993. *The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California*, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. .
* C. Michael Hogan. 2012. ''Arctostaphylos'' . Eds. M.McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. 
* Treatment from the Jepson Manual 
* Philip V. Wells. 2000. *Manzanitas of California*, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas. .
* Philip V. Wells. 1992. Subgenera and sections of *Arctostaphylos*. *The Four Seasons* 9: 64-69.