旋螺属

**旋螺属**（学名：），又名**圆口扁蜷属**，为腹足綱泛有肺類扁卷螺科，體型細小，大多數為會呼吸空氣的淡水螺。部分物種乃中国特有物种。

本屬物種最早出現的時間，根據化石紀錄，可以上推至早白堊世，一直延續至今。在今日華北地區的热河群義縣組的湖底沉積物（具體位置在今日的北京城郊鄰近河北省的下庄乡）發現本屬物種的化石，年代可上遡至1.25億年前。

微細的物種*[[Gyraulus crista]]*在技術上雖然仍是一隻有肺類的腹足綱物種，這些動物其實並不會在空氣中呼吸，而是依靠充滿了水的外套膜。

## 分佈
本屬物種廣泛分佈於全北區。

## 習性
旋螺屬在淡水的水生植物上生活。

## 型態描述
螺殼半透明，質薄，體型小，而且大多數都是平旋殼。

## 物種
，WoRMS記載本屬已紀錄的名稱達420個，當中已接受的現生種及化石種名稱也有241個。過往旋螺属的物種可以再分為以下三個亞屬：
* subgenus *[[Torquis]]* Dall, 1905
* subgenus *[[Lamorbis]]* Starobogatov, 1967
* subgenus *[[Armiger (gastropod)|Armiger]]* Hartmann, 1843
但這種分類現時只被作「另類表達方式」來處理。

以下詳列本屬之亞屬及其物種：

亚属 *[[Armiger (gastropod)|Armiger]]* W. Hartmann, 1843
* *[[Gyraulus crista]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) - Nautilus ramshorn
* † *[[Gyraulus cristaeformis]]* (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
* † *[[Gyraulus decorus]]* (Roshka, 1973) 
* † *[[Gyraulus geniculatus]]* (Sandberger, 1875) 
* † *[[Gyraulus gracilis]]* (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) 
* † *[[Gyraulus lenapalus]]* (Bourguignat, 1881) 
* † *[[Gyraulus lluecai]]* (Royo Gómez, 1922) 
* † *[[Gyraulus nautiliformis]]* (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) 
* † *[[Gyraulus subptychophorus]]* (Halaváts, 1903)

亚属 *[[Carinogyraulus]]* Polinski, 1929: represented as *Gyraulus*

亚属 *Gyraulus* Charpentier, 1837

* † *[[Gyraulus aegaeus]]* Willmann, 1981 
* † *[[Gyraulus bachmayeri]]* Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
* † *[[Gyraulus bigueti]]* (Fontannes, 1881) 
* † *[[Gyraulus brlici]]* Brusina, 1897 
* † *[[Gyraulus brusinai]]* (Lörenthey, 1894) 
* 中華旋螺 *[[Gyraulus chinensis]]* (Dunker, 1848)
* † *[[Gyraulus connivens]]* (Eichwald, 1830) 
* † *[[Gyraulus constans]]* (Brusina, 1884) 
* † *[[Gyraulus dalmaticus]]* (Brusina, 1884) 
* † *[[Gyraulus deflexus]]* (Sandberger, 1859) 
* † *[[Gyraulus dimitrovici]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus doseni]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus formosus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus fragilis]]* (Pavlović, 1903) 
* † *[[Gyraulus goussardianus]]* (Noulet, 1854) 
* † *[[Gyraulus hians]]* (Rolle, 1860) 
* † *[[Gyraulus hoernesi]]* (Rolle, 1860) 
* † *[[Gyraulus inornatus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus ioanis]]* Gloer & Pesic, 2007
* *[[Gyraulus janinensis]]* (Mousson, 1859)
* † *[[Gyraulus jukici]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus jurkovici]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus katurici]]* (Brusina, 1897)
* † *[[Gyraulus kosovensis]]* (Pavlović, 1903) 
* † *[[Gyraulus lazici]]* (Brusina, 1892) 
* † *[[Gyraulus lendli]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus lineolatus]]* (Brusina, 1878) 
* † *[[Gyraulus lorentheyi]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus meierbrooki]]* Gloer & Pesic, 2007
* † *[[Gyraulus multicingulatus]]* (Wenz, 1919)
* † *[[Gyraulus nematophorus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus novaki]]* (Brusina, 1897) 
* † *[[Gyraulus nusici]]* (Pavlović, 1903) 
* † *[[Gyraulus oncostomus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus orahovacensis]]* (Pavlović, 1903) 
* † *[[Gyraulus pachychilus]]* (Brusina, 1902)
* † *[[Gyraulus parvulus]]* (Lörenthey, 1906) 
* † *[[Gyraulus pavlovici]]* (Brusina, 1893) 
* † *[[Gyraulus phacecercus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus piscinarum]]* (Bourguignat, 1852)
* † *[[Gyraulus ponticus]]* (Lörenthey, 1893) 
* † *[[Gyraulus porcellaneus]]* (Lörenthey, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus praeponticus]]* (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890) 
* † *[[Gyraulus ptychostomus]]* (Brusina, 1902)
* † *[[Gyraulus rotella]]* (Rousseau, 1842) 
* *[[Gyraulus shasi]]* Gloer & Pesic, 2007
* † *[[Gyraulus sibinjensis]]* (Brusina, 1897) 
* † *[[Gyraulus slavonicus]]* (Brusina, 1897) 
* † *[[Gyraulus spratti]]* (Forbes, 1845) 
* † *[[Gyraulus stoppanii]]* (Sacco, 1886) 
* *[[Gyraulus stroemi]]* (Westerlund, 1881)
* † *[[Gyraulus subverticillus]]* (Oppenheim, 1919) 
* † *[[Gyraulus sulfureus]]* (Royo Gómez, 1922)
* † *[[Gyraulus tenuistriatus]]* (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)
* † *[[Gyraulus tetracarinatus]]* (Pavlović, 1903) 
* † *[[Gyraulus virgatus]]* (Ludwig, 1865) 
* † *[[Gyraulus zoebeleini]]* Schlickum & Strauch, 1974 

亚属 *[[Lamorbis]]* Starobogatov, 1967: represented as *Gyraulis*

亚属 *[[Nautilinus]]* Mousson, 1872
* *[[Gyraulus clymene]]* (Shuttleworth, 1852)

亚属 *[[Torquis]]* Dall, 1905
* *[[Gyraulus laevis]]* (Alder, 1838)

亚属 ?

* *[[Gyraulus acronicus]]* (Férussac, 1807)
* † *[[Gyraulus albertanus]]* (Clessin, 1877)  
* *[[Gyraulus albidus]]* Radoman, 1953
* *[[Gyraulus albus]]* (O. F. Müller, 1774) - White ramshorn
* † *[[Gyraulus alienus]]* (Rolle, 1862) 
* † *[[Gyraulus andrussovi]]* (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969) 
* †  *[[Gyraulus applanatus]]* (Thomä, 1845) 
* *[[Gyraulus argaeicus]]* (Sturany, 1904)
* † *[[Gyraulus arminiensis]]* Jekelius, 1932 
* † *[[Gyraulus atkinsoni]]* (Johnston, 1879)
* † *[[Gyraulus bakonicus]]* (Halaváts, 1903) 
* *[[Gyraulus bekaensis]]* Glöer & Bössneck, 2007
* *[[Gyraulus biwaensis]]* (Preston, 1916)
* † *[[Gyraulus bondartchuki]]* (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974)
* † *[[Gyraulus chaenostomus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus chinensis]]* (Dunker, 1848)
* † *[[Gyraulus circumstriatus]]* (Tryon, 1866)
* 凸旋螺 *Gyraulus convexiusculus*  
* *[[Gyraulus corinna]]* (Gray, 1850)
* † *[[Gyraulus costatus]]* (Klein, 1846) 
* *[[Gyraulus costulatus]]* (Krauss, 1848)
* *[[Gyraulus crenophilus]]* Hubendick & Radoman, 1959
* † *[[Gyraulus crescens]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus cryptornatus]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* † *[[Gyraulus dealbatus]]* (Braun in Walchner, 1851) 
* *[[Gyraulus deflectus]]* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi? 
* † *[[Gyraulus denudatus]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus distortus]]* (Hyatt, 1880)
* † *[[Gyraulus doricus]]* (Bukowski, 1896) 
* *[[Gyraulus edgbastonensis]]* D. S. Brown, 2001
* † *[[Gyraulus edlaueri]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* *[[Gyraulus egirdirensis]]* Glöer & Girod, 2013
* † *Gyraulus ehrenbergi* (Beck, 1837)
* *[[Gyraulus elenae]]* Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013  
* *[[Gyraulus essingtonensis]]* (E. A. Smith, 1882)
* *[[Gyraulus eugyne]]* Meier-Brook, 1983
* *[[Gyraulus euphraticus]]* (Mousson, 1874)
* *[[Gyraulus fontinalis]]* Hubendick & Radoman, 1959
* † *[[Gyraulus fuchsi]]* (Lörenthey, 1902) 
* † *[[Gyraulus geminus]]* (Brusina, 1897) 
* *[[Gyraulus gilberti]] (*Dunker, 1848)
* † *[[Gyraulus globosus]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953)
* † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* *[[Gyraulus hebraicus]]* (Bourguignat, 1852)
* † *[[Gyraulus helicophantoides]]* (Pavlović, 1927) 
* † *[[Gyraulus homalosomus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus homsensis]]* (Dautzenberg, 1894)
* *[[Gyraulus hornensis]]* F. C. Baker, 1934
* *[[Gyraulus huwaizahensis]]* Glôer & Naser, 2005
* *[[Gyraulus ioanis]]* Glöer & Pešić, 2007
* *[[Gyraulus janinensis]]* (Mousson, 1859)
* *[[Gyraulus kahuica]]* (Finlay & Laws, 1931)
* † *[[Gyraulus kleini]]* (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) 
* *[[Gyraulus kosiensis]]* Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
* † *[[Gyraulus krohi]]* Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014 
* *[[Gyraulus laevis]]* (Alder, 1838)
* † *[[Gyraulus ludovici]]* (Noulet, 1854) 
* *[[Gyraulus luguhuensis]]* Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013
* *[[Gyraulus lychnidicus]]* Hesse, 1928
* † *[[Gyraulus marinkovici]]* (Brusina, 1892) 
* † *[[Gyraulus matraensis]]* Gál et al., 1999 †
* *[[Gyraulus mauritianus]]* (Morelet, 1876)
* *[[Gyraulus meierbrooki]]* Glöer & Pešić, 2007
* † *[[Gyraulus micromphalus]]* (Fuchs, 1870) 
* † *[[Gyraulus minutus]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus nedici]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus nedyalkovi]]* Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
* † *[[Gyraulus oecsensis]]* Wenz, 1919 
* † *[[Gyraulus okrugljakensis]]* Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 †
* † *[[Gyraulus oxystoma]]* (Klein, 1846) 
* *[[Gyraulus pamphylicus]]* Glöer & Rähle, 2009
* *[[Gyraulus parvus]]* (Say, 1817)
* *[[Gyraulus piscinarum]]* (Bourguignat, 1852)
* † *[[Gyraulus platystomus]]* Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?) 
* † *[[Gyraulus popovici]]* (Pavlović, 1927) 
* † *[[Gyraulus primiformis]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* † *[[Gyraulus protectus]]* Jekelius, 1944 
* † *[[Gyraulus protocrescens]]* Nützel & Bandel, 1993 
* † *[[Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* † *[[Gyraulus pseudotenuis]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus ptycophorus]]* (Brusina, 1892) 
* † *[[Gyraulus pulici]]* (Brusina, 1897) 
* † *[[Gyraulus quadrangulus]]* (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) 
* † *[[Gyraulus rasseri]]* Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014†
* † *[[Gyraulus revertens]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus rhytidophorus]]* (Brusina, 1902) 
* *[[Gyraulus riparius]]*
* *[[Gyraulus rossmaessleri]]* (Auerswald, 1852)
* *[[Gyraulus stankovici]]* Hadzisce, 1955
* *[[Gyraulus rotula]]* (Benson, 1850)
* † *[[Gyraulus rotundistomus]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* † *[[Gyraulus rotundostomus]]* Nützel & Bandel, 1993 
* † *[[Gyraulus rumanus]]* Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932 
* † *[[Gyraulus sabljari]]* (Brusina, 1892) 
* † *[[Gyraulus sachsenhoferi]]* Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012 
* † *[[Gyraulus seibersdorfensis]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* *[[Gyraulus shasi]]* Glöer & Pešić, 2007
* *[[Gyraulus sivalensis]]* (Clessin, 1884)
* † *[[Gyraulus soceni]]* Jekelius, 1944 
* † *[[Gyraulus solenoeides]]* (Lörenthey, 1902) 
* 圆口扁蜷 *Gyraulus spirillus* (Gould, 1859)
* *[[Gyraulus stankovici]]* Hadžišče, 1953
* † *[[Gyraulus steinheimensis]] (*Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus subhemistoma]]* (d'Orbigny, 1852) 
* † *[[Gyraulus sulcatus]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus supremus]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus symmetricus]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* *[[Gyraulus taseviensis]]* Glöer & Girod, 2013
* *[[Gyraulus terraesacrae]]* Rensch, 1934
* *[[Gyraulus tokyoensis]]* (Mori, 1938)
* *[[Gyraulus transsylvanicus]]* (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) †
* *[[Gyraulus trapezoides]]* Polinski, 1929
* † *[[Gyraulus triquetrus]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *[[Gyraulus trochiformis]]* (Stahl, 1824) 
* † *[[Gyraulus trolli]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 
* † *[[Gyraulus turislavicus]]* Jekelius, 1944 
*  Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847)
* † *[[Gyraulus vermicularis]]* (Stoliczka, 1862) 
* † *[[Gyraulus verticillus]]* (Brusina, 1892) 
* † *[[Gyraulus vrapceanus]]* Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 
* *[[Gyraulus waterhousei]]* (Clessin, 1885)
* † *[[Gyraulus zemendorfensis]]* (Sauerzopf, 1953) 

;Species inquerenda:
* *[[Gyraulus acutus]]* Clessin, 1907
* *Gyraulus percarinatus* Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* *Gyraulus deformis* Hartmann, 1844: synonym of *[[Gyraulus acronicus]]* (Férussac, 1807)
* † *Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus* (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † *[[Gyraulus applanatus]]* (Thomä, 1845) 
*  †  *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus* var. *ludovici* (Noulet, 1854): synonym of  † *[[Gyraulus ludovici]]* (Noulet, 1854) 
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini* var. *aequeumbilicatus* (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † *[[Gyraulus kleini]]* (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) 
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis* kleini var. *subinvolutus* Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † *[[Gyraulus kleini]]* (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis* kleini var. *subkleini* Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † *[[Gyraulus kleini]]* (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis* var. *parvus* (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † *[[Gyraulus steinheimensis]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma* var. *teres* (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † *[[Gyraulus minutus]]* (Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma* var. *triquetrus* (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of  † *[[Gyraulus triquetrus]] (*Hilgendorf, 1867) 
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis* var. *elegans* (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † *[[Gyraulus trochiformis]]* (Stahl, 1824) 
* † *Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis* var. *turbiniformis* (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of  † *[[Gyraulus trochiformis]]* (Stahl, 1824)

## 参考文献

## 外部連結

* 
* BioLib taxonomy info 
*''Gyraulus'' images  at  Consortium for the Barcode of Life