open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ⵜⴰⵏⵡⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙⵜ (ⵜⵡⵉⵣⴳⵉ)

**ⵜⴰⵏⵡⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تانواييست), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⴳⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰ - ⵥⵥⴰⴳ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ - ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⴳⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 170 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵛⵜ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵥⴰⵍⵟ)

**ⵜⴰⵛⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تاشت), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓⵄⵍⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ - ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵥⴰⵍⵟ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 92 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷⵓⴽⴰⵏ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ ⵉⵛⵛⵓ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵔⵉⴷⵓⴽⴰⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت واريدوكان), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ - ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵄⵉⴷ ⵉⵛⵛⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 116 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵛⵛⵓ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵡⴷ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵏ ⵉⵛⵛⵓ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت بن ايشو), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵇⵚⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ - ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵡⴷ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 175 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⴳⵡⵉⵔⴰ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵣⵉⴷ)

**ⵍⴳⵡⵉⵔⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: لكويرة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵃⵍⵍⴰⴼ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵙⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵙⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ - ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵣⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 15 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 123 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴼⴽⵕⴰⵏ (ⴱⵏⵉ ⴱⵓⵖⵏⵎ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵜ)

**ⴰⴼⴽⵕⴰⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: افكران), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵃⴼⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⴱⵓⵖⵏⵎ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 100 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⴱ (ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ)

**ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⴱ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: الزرايب), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⴰⵖ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵃⴼⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵡⵡⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 1595 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 835 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 760 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⴱ ⵙ 11.4%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 2.9% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 1232 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 624 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 608 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:2000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:1801 width:25 text:1801 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:1595 width:25 text:1595 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:400
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:345 width:25 text:345 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:355 width:25 text:355 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⴱ 53.33 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 3.3%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 28.35 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (32.66 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 23.19 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 1.82, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 0.37.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 97.54% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 33.08% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 41.96% ⴳ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⴱ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 13.93% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ (ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: اولاد علي الجبل), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵖⵔⵉⴱⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 50 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵖⴰⵣⵉ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵖⴰⵣⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت الغازي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵣⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 251 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵄⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⴰⵡⵉ (ⵍⵃⵛⴰⵍⴼⴰ )

**ⵄⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⴰⵡⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: عوينة المغراوي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵚⴰⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵎⵍⵡⵢⵢⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵛⴰⵍⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 122 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵄⵉⵏ (ⴱⵏⵉ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ)

**ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵄⵉⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: عين السيد), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵜⴰⵣⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵛⵛⴰⵡⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ - ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ - ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 1 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 1023 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵛⴳⵔⵉⵏ (ⴼⵔⵊⴰⵏ ⵃⵎⴰⵔⴰ)

**ⴰⵛⴳⵔⵉⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أشكرين), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵀⴷⵉⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵛⴰⵡⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵛⴰⵡⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ - ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵔⵊⴰⵏ ⵃⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 5 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 127 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⵏⴷⴰⵔⴰⵔ (ⵎⵛⴳⵉⴳⵍⴰ)

**ⴰⵙⵏⴷⴰⵔⴰⵔ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أسندرار), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵥⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵛⴳⵉⴳⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 25 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵖⴰⵣⵉ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⵉⵅⵍⴼⵏ 2)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵖⴰⵣⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أيت الغازي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⵉⵅⵍⴼⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵓⵔⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⴱ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⵉⵅⵍⴼⵏ 2 ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 296 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ (ⴱⵟⵉⵡⴰ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: اولاد الحاج محمد), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵊⴷⵉⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵊⵊⴷⵉⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ - ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵉⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 5 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 92 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴷⴷⵖⵉⵛⴰⵜ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ)

**ⴷⴷⵖⵉⵛⴰⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: الدغيشات), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵊⴷⵉⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵊⵊⴷⵉⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ - ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 35 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 482 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 253 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 229 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵖⵉⵛⴰⵜ ⵙ 14.8%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 9.5% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 311 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 158 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 153 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:600
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:566 width:25 text:566 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:482 width:25 text:482 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
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  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:74 width:25 text:74 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:81 width:25 text:81 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵖⵉⵛⴰⵜ 54.02 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 11.2%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 27.54 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (28.44 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 26.32 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 4, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 1.67.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 90.48% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 62.64% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 41.8% ⴳ ⴷⴷⵖⵉⵛⴰⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 5.38% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵕⴰⵙ ⵍⴽⴷⵢⴰ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵖⴰⵢⵏⴰ)

**ⵕⴰⵙ ⵍⴽⴷⵢⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: راس الكدية), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵏ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵖⴰⵢⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 16 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 195 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⴱⵏ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ (ⵍⵃⵊⵊⴰⵊ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⴱⵏ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أولاد الحاج بن الصغير), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵟⴼ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴱⴷⵓ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵊⵊⴰⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 340 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵄⵣⵣⴰ (ⵙⵙⵊⵄ ⵓ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵡⴽⵉⵍ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵄⵣⵣⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أولاد بوعزة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵃⵊⵕ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵊⵄ ⵓ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵓⴽⵉⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 242 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵏⵉ ⵣⵓⵍⵉⵟ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵉⴷⵉ)

**ⴱⵏⵉ ⵣⵓⵍⵉⵟ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: بني زوليط), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵍ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵣⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵉⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 195 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵡⴳⵕⴹⴰ)

**ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تكديرت), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵡⴳⵕⴹⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 294 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ (ⵜⴰⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼⵜ)

**ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تكديرت نايت جامع), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴼⴰⵢⴹ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵔⵔⵃⵃⵉⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 14 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 51 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ (ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵜ)

**ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: إفران), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵃⵙⴰⵢⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 13 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 238 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ)

**ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: اكادير), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵇⵇⴰ ⵉⵖⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵎⵎ ⵣⴳⵉⴷ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵟⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 180 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵜⴰⵄⴰⵡⵓⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⴱⴰⴱ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵃⵢⴰ)

**ⵜⵜⴰⵄⴰⵡⵓⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⴱⴰⴱ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تعاونية الشباب), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴷⵃⵎⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵃⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 22 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 1026 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 513 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 513 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵄⴰⵡⵓⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⴱⴰⴱ ⵙ 52.7%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 72.8% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 705 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 348 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 357 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:2000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:672 width:25 text:672 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:1026 width:25 text:1026 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
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PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:114 width:25 text:114 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:197 width:25 text:197 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵄⴰⵡⵓⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⴱⴰⴱ 63.12 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 6.2%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 27.15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (28.73 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 25.7 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 4, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 2.52.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 97.69% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 33.25% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 47.09% ⴳ ⵜⵜⴰⵄⴰⵡⵓⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⴱⴰⴱ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 6.93% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⴼⵏⴷⵇ (ⴱⵓⵎⵟⴰⵛ)

**ⵍⴼⵏⴷⵇ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: الفندق), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵃⵚⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵊⴱⴰⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ - ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ - ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵎⵟⴰⵛ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 73 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵉⴷⵉⵍⵉ (ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵍⵉⵍ ⵉⴹⵓⴹⴰⵏ)

**ⵜⵉⴷⵉⵍⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تيدلي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵕⴱⵄ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵎⴷ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵍⵉⵍ ⵉⴹⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 124 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵎⵣⵓⴷⴰⵔ (ⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ)

**ⵉⵎⵣⵓⴷⴰⵔ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: إمزودار), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴳⴷⵣ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴰⴳⵓⵔⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ - ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 123 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵍⵇⵔⵛⵉ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵃⵎⴷ)

**ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵍⵇⵔⵛⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: سيدي الحاج القرشي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵉⴱⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵇⵍⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵇⵍⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ - ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 13 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 23 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵡⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵇⵢⴰ (ⵡⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵇⵢⴰ)

**ⵡⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵇⵢⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: واد الساقية), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵃⵓⵣⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵎⴰⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵎⴰⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ - ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵇⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 173 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵏⵏⵊⴰⵕⴰ (ⵛⵛⵕⴼⴰ)

**ⵏⵏⵊⴰⵕⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: النجارة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴳⴷⴰⴷⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵚⵚⵓⵕⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵚⵚⵓⵕⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ - ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵕⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 886 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵇⵚⵕ ⴱⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵉ (ⵡⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵄⵏⴰⵏ)

**ⵇⵚⵕ ⴱⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: قصر بني يطي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵄⵏⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵊⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵢⵢⵉⵢ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵄⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 1 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 115 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ (ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⵜ)

**ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تاسيلا), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵣⴰⴽⴰⵔⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ - ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 81 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت جرار), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵣⴰⴽⴰⵔⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ - ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 1 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 511 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 227 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 284 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ ⵙ 4.8%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 12.2% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 360 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 159 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 201 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:600
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:537 width:25 text:537 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:511 width:25 text:511 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:90 width:25 text:90 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:101 width:25 text:101 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ 56.67 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 11.1%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 27.84 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (28.35 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 27.17 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 4.23, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 1.92.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 98.39% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 42.68% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 33.33% ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵕⵕⴰⵕ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 15% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت لحسن), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵚⵎⵉⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵥⵕⵓ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 8 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 57 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵏⴷⵉⵎⵉ (ⵍⵄⵡⵉⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ)

**ⴱⵏⴷⵉⵎⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: بنديمية), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵡⵉⵏⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵃⵡⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵊⵔⴰⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵊⵔⴰⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵡⵉⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 99 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵣⵢⴰⵏ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⴽⵎ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵣⵢⴰⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أولاد سيدي زيان), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⴽⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵟⵀⵕ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵊⵔⴰⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⴽⵎ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 1 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 129 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵄⵏⴰⴱⵙⴰ (ⵊⴱⵍ ⴹⴹⵍⵍ)

**ⵍⵄⵏⴰⴱⵙⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: العنابسة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵍⴽ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⵇ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵕⴱⵄ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ - ⵙⵍⴰ - ⵍⵇⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵊⴱⵍ ⴹⴹⵍⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 1 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 2973 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⴰ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵍⵉ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵓⵟⵕⴳⴰ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أيت الدرنة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵉⴱⵔⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵅⵎⵉⵙⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵅⵎⵉⵙⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ - ⵙⵍⴰ - ⵍⵇⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵍⵉ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵓⵟⵕⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 114 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵃⵙⵉⵏ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵛⵛⴰⵏ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵃⵙⵉⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت احسين), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⴰⴱ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⴰⴱ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ - ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 184 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ … ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ

ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵢⴼⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴹⵏ, ⴷ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ.
ⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵃⴹⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ,  ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ,  ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ 70 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵏⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ “ⵙⵉⵍⵍ - cell”.
ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵣⴰⴳⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴻⵎ ⴰⵎⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⴰⵕⵉⴱⵓⵥⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵏⵓⵎ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵇⵇⴰⵃ ⵉⵊⵉⵏⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ, ⴱⵍⴰ ⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵥⵥⵓⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏ.
ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵥⴹⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵍⴷⵉ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ  ‘’ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ’’ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵜ . ⵉⴼ ⴽ ⴰⵖ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ.
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵜ “ⴰⵔⵜⵎ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵢⴰⵏ“ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ “ⵜⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜⵓ Toronto “ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ, ⵎⴰⵙ  ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵓⵟⵟⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ  ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ, ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵀⵔⵛⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⵓⵔⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ “Pro7“ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵅⵏⴷⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ “ESMfold“ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵉⴱⵕⵓⵜⵉⵏⵏ. ⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵜⴰ “ ⴼⴰⵢⵙⴱⵓⴽ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ”.
ⵉⵡⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵎⴻⵎ ⴰⵎⵖⵢⴰⵢ ⴰⵕⵉⴱⵓⵥⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⵍⵎⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ.
ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵜ “ ⵊⴰⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⵀⴰⵔ“ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵢⴰ,  ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ  ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵚⴽⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⵏ.
ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵜ “ⴰⵔⵜⵎ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵢⴰⵏ“ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵜ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵔⵅⵓ ⴼ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ : ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵜⵍⵏⵜ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵖ”.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⵊⴰ (ⵊⵊⴱⵍⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ)

**ⴰⵊⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أوجا), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵊⴷⵢⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⴽⵓⵙ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵔⴰⵢⵛ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ - ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ - ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵊⴱⵍⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 81 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵅⵛⵓ (ⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳⴰ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵅⵛⵓ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أولاد باخشو), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⴷⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⴽⵓⵙ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵔⴰⵢⵛ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ - ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ - ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 767 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 389 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 378 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵅⵛⵓ ⵙ 17.8%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 34.8% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 557 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 284 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 273 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

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*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

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### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵅⵛⵓ 58.53 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 7.6%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 27.72 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (28.83 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 26.65 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 5.32, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 1.81.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 92.77% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 54.29% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 40.57% ⴳ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵅⵛⵓ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 33.19% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵉⵄⵉⵛ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵚⴰⵍⵃ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵉⵄⵉⵛ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: اولاد عياد), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵏ ⵛⵛⵇⴼ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 221 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴷⴷⵔⵉⴷⴰⵜ (ⵕⵕⵚⴼⴰ)

**ⴷⴷⵔⵉⴷⴰⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: الدريدات), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵊⴰⵊⵕⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵊⵎⵄⴰ ⵍⵎⵟⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵚⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 207 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 107 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014.

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵔⵉⴷⴰⵜ ⵙ 19.5%, ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 9.1% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 133 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 71 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 62 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:300
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:257 width:25 text:257 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:207 width:25 text:207 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:40
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:33 width:25 text:33 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:30 width:25 text:30 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 85.71% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 55.7% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 48.87% ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴷⴷⵔⵉⴷⴰⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 4.62% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ (ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ)

**ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: إمرابطن), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⴱⵓⵛⵉⴳⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵍⵉⵄⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⴹⵓⵕ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 277 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏⴰ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵕⵃⵃⵓ ⵓ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أولاد محند ميمونة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵙⵙⵓ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵟⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⴹⵓⵕ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵕⵃⵃⵓ ⵓ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 10 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 359 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵎⵣⴰⵃⵔⴰ (ⵜⵉⴽⵉⵔⵜ)

**ⵎⵣⴰⵃⵔⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: مزاحرة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵕⵥⴳⴳⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ - ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 80 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵃⵎⴰ (ⵉⵛⵍⵡⴰⴹⵏ)

**ⵍⵃⵎⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: لحمى), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵣⵔⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵏⵣⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵚⴼⵕⵓ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵛⵍⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 110 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰⵡⵉ (ⴱⵏⵉ ⵔⵉⵜⵓⵏ)

**ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰⵡⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: العداوي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⴽⵔⴽⵓⵃ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵃⵎⴷ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ - ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵔⵉⵜⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 9 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 156 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵡⴷ (ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ (2))

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵡⴷ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: اولاد داوود), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ - ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵚⵚⵖⵉⵔ (2) ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 140 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵛⵀⵓⴱ (ⵍⵎⵕⴰⵥⵉⴳ)

**ⵍⵛⵀⵓⴱ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: لشهوب), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵄⴰⵢⴷⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ - ⵙⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⴰⵥⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 13 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 310 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 155 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 155 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵛⵀⵓⴱ ⵙ 5.4%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 5.7% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 222 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 109 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 113 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

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AlignBars = justify
Colors =
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   from:0 till:294 width:25 text:294 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:310 width:25 text:310 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
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   from:0 till:53 width:25 text:53 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:56 width:25 text:56 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵛⵀⵓⴱ 63.06 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 20.3%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 26.76 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (30.6 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 25.3 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 3.4, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 2.19.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 87.5% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 57.02% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 50% ⴳ ⵍⵛⵀⵓⴱ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 24.32% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵄⵉⵏ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵜⵀⴰⵎⵉ (ⴽⵓⵔⵜ)

**ⵄⵉⵏ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⵜⵀⴰⵎⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: عين سي التهامي), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵇⴰⵙⵎ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ - ⵙⵍⴰ - ⵍⵇⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 7 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 170 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵖⵓⵕⴰ (ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵇⴰⵙⵎ ⵃⵕⵕⵓⵛ)

**ⴱⵖⵓⵕⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: بغورة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵡⵉⵔⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵍⴽ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵇⴰⵙⵎ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ - ⵙⵍⴰ - ⵍⵇⵇⵏⵉⵟⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵇⴰⵙⵎ ⵃⵕⵕⵓⵛ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 147 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵟⵉⵃ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (ⴱⵟⵉⵃ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ)

**ⴱⵟⵉⵃ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ابطيح المركز), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵉⵃ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ - ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵉⵃ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 1 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 94 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 57 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 37 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014.

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵉⵃ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵙ 51.3%, ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵉⵣ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 30.2% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 76 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 48 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 28 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

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  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
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*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
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  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:30 width:25 text:30 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 100% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 34.57% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 60.53% ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴱⵟⵉⵃ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 4.35% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵄⵔⵉⴳ (ⴼⵎⵎ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴷⵔⵄⴰ)

**ⵍⵄⵔⵉⴳ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: لعريك), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵅⵍⵉⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⵉⵎ - ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵎⵎ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴷⵔⵄⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 7 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵅⵏⴰⵛⴼⴰ (ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵔⴷⴰ)

**ⵍⵅⵏⴰⵛⴼⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: الخناشفة), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵍⵍⴰⵣ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵖⴼⵙⴰⵢ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ - ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵔⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 14 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 95 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ

**ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ** (ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵕⴱⴰⵕⵜ) ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵥⴰⴱ-ⵡⴰⵔⴳⵍⴰ. ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵔⴰⵙⵜ, ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ. ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ; ⵜⴷⵉⴽⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⵃⴰⵙⴰⴱ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⵓⵏ, ⵜⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵍⴰⵃⵃ, ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ 1000 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵔⴰⵙⵏ.
ⴽⵍⵉⵔⵎⵓⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵓⵏ

ⵜⴳⴰ **ⴽⵍⵉⵔⵎⵓⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵓⵏ** ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵏⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵏ ⵖⵓⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⵙ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢ ⴷⵓ ⴷⵓⵎ.

ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 17 ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ. ⴽⵍⵉⵔⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⴼⵉⵔⵓⵏ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⴽⵍⵉⵔⵎⵓⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 22 ⴳ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵉⵍⴽⴽⵎⵏ 147 327 ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2021. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 273 078 ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2021.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ

**ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ** (ⵙ ⵜⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ: *Muḥend u Mḥend n At Ḥamaduc*) ⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢ ⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴽⵓⵏⴼⵉⴷⵉⵕⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵔⴰⵜⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1848 ⴳ ⵉⵛⵔⵄⵉⵡⵏ, ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵔⴰⵛⴷ, ⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 28 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1905 ⴳ ⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵃⵎⵎⴰⵎ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴷⵎⵏⴰⵜ

**ⴷⵎⵏⴰⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: dmnat, ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: دمنات) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵏⵉ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ. ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 29 504 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ

ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵎⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ 968m. ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⴼ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵙ 110km ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵎⵏⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵉⴳⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴱⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵕⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ. 

ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵜ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ) ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⴼ ⴷⵎⵏⴰⵜ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ.

## ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵏⵜ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⴱⴽⵔ ⵍⵊⴰⵎⵄⵉ

**ⴱⵓⴱⴽⵔ ⵍⵊⴰⵎⵄⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أبو بكر الجامعي) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ 
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ

ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⵡⵟⴰⵟ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛⵉ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴼⴼⵓ, ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴼⴼⵓ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵏⴼⴷⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴼⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ 55 304 ⴳ ⵓⵚⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ 2014.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵜⴳⵎⴰ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵣⵡⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼⵙⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ. ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵡⵀⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⵓⵏ , ⵊⵊⴱⵙ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵓⵖⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵊⵊⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1930. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ *"ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵢⴰⵎ ⴷⵉ ⵙⵙⵓⵖ"*  ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1926 ⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ.

ⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1956 ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ.

## ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ
ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ N13 ⴳⵔ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⵓⵢⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ 1508 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

## ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ

## ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ

ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ), ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵊⴰ, ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⴷⵏ ⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵙⵜ  ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ.

ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵔⵣⵣⵓⵏ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵜ ⵉⴱⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⵇ ⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ.

ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵖⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ, ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵕⵀⴱⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵀⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ (ⵜⵕⴰⴱⵉⵙⵜ) ⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ. ⵜⵉⵕⵀⴱⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ.

## ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵇ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵍⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛⵉ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⴼⴼⵓ, ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴷⴷⵓⵊ , ⴰⵎⵛⵎⴰⵛ, ⵍⵅⵓⵅ, ⵕⵕⵎⵎⴰⵏ, ⵉⵔⴷⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵅⵓⴹⵕⵜ.

ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴽⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴹⵓⵜ. ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵏⵣⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ, ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⵓⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵔ, ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ ⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵇⴰⴱⵍⵏ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴽⵓⵍⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⵇ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵔⵣ ⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼ ⵉⵙ ⵣⵣⵏⵣⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵜⵜⵏ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ.

ⴰⵣⵓⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ ⵢⵓⴳⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵓⵖⴰⵣ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ. ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵎⵉⴱⵍⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ  ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ , ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵊⴱⵙ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵣⵣⵏⵣ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵎⵖⵖⵔ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵜ. ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⴰⵔⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵔⵓⵙ ⵉⵏⵔⵣⴰⴼ, ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ. ⵔⵏⵓ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⵔⵣⴰⴼ, ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵏⵣⴰⵏⵜ - ⴰⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵉⴽⴹⵉⴼⵉⵏ - ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

## ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ

* ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⴽⴽⴰⵃ - ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵣⵡⴰⵔ.

## ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ
ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ (ⵏ ⵜⵃⴰⵊⵉⵜ "ⴰⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ")

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴼⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉⵏⵉⵜ

[thumb|ⴼⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴳ [ⵎⵉⴱⵍⴰⴷⵏ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
ⴼⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉⵏⵉⵜ (Vanadinite) ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵉⵣ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ (Pb5(VO4)3Cl) , ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴽⴽⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵍⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴰⵏⴰⴷⵢⵓⵎ.

## ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ

ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Vanadinite-v0903b.jpg
ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Vanadinite Specimen 36 1.JPG
ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Mibladene Vanadinite.jpg
ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Vanadinite, barytine 4.jpeg
File:Vanadinite, sidérite 90.3.9797.jpg


## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
http://webmineral.com/data/Vanadinite.shtml
ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⴹⵜ (ⵜⵉⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵏ)

**ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⴹⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: تفرياط), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴼⴰⵚⴽⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵔⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⵣ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵯⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 641 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2014. 

## ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ
### ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⴹⵜ ⵙ 62.3%, ⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ 60.3% ⴳⵔ 2004 ⴷ 2014. ⴳ 2014, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ 468 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ 221 ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ 247 ⵏ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ.

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
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   from:0 till:395 width:25 text:395 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:641 width:25 text:641 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


*ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ:

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PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
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   from:0 till:68 width:25 text:68 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:red width:1 
   from:0 till:109 width:25 text:109 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


### ⵉⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
ⴳ 2014, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⴹⵜ 57.9 ⵙ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ 9.0%, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ 27.3 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (30.4 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ 24.4 ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ). ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵏⴰⵏ 3.4, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵍⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ 2.9.

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴳ 2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ 96.8% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴳⵔ 6 ⴷ 11 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ 2013/2014, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ 39% ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ 10 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
ⴳ 2014. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ 41.9% ⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⴹⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ 17.3% ⴳⵔ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ 15 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⵙⵜ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⴷⵓⵣ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰⴱⵏ)

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⵙⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ايت تديست), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵢⵢⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵔⵉⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⵣ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵯⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⴷⵓⵣ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰⴱⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 37 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 116 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵉ)

**ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أكادير نايت براهيه), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴹⴰⵕ ⵊⵊⵎⵄⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵎⵉⵥ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⵣ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵯⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 27 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 250 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴷⵔⵎ (ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ)

**ⴰⵙⴷⵔⵎ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: إسدريم), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵇⴰⴹⵉ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 145 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵇⵟⵟ (ⵡⵍⴰⴷ ⵏⵚⵉⵕ)

**ⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵇⵟⵟ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: عين القط), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵣⵡⴰⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵅⵉⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵃⵡⴰⵣ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵏⵚⵉⵕ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 5 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 38 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵡⵍⴰⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ (ⴰⵀⵍ ⵔⵔⵉⴼ)

**ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵎⵉⵍⵓⴷ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ولاد ميلود), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵔⵇⴰⵡⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵥⵕⵀⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴼⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵍ ⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 6 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 133 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2004.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵔⴼⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳⵏ

ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵉⵜⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵜ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1937 ⵙ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵀⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵜⵙⵉⵜⴷ ⴰⴱⵖⵓⵕ.ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵇⴷⴷⵉⵛ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ ⵓ ⵎⴰⵛ ⵉⵙⵙⴳⴷⵍ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⵙ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ

**ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ** ⵏⵖ ⴷ **ⵕⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷⵢⵢⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ : الرشيدية) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⵇⵚⵕ ⵙⵓⵇ" (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ : قصر السوق)  ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ 92 374 ⴳ ⵓⵚⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⵏ 2014.

## ⴰⵏⴰⵖⵉⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ
ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⵙⵙⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⵇⵚⵕ ⵙⵓⵇ", ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵕⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ 1975 ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ.

## ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:100000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:1994 color:gray1 width:1
   from:0 till:0 width:15 textcolor:red fontsize:8px
  bar:2004 color:gray1 width:1
   from:0 till:76759 width:15 text:76759 textcolor:red fontsize:8px
  bar:2014 color:green width:1
   from:0 till:93374 width:16 text:92374 textcolor:red fontsize:10px

## ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵕⴰⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵏ 2006 ⴷ 2007.

## ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵔⵉ

### ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ

* ⵜⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ, ⵜⵏⴼ ⴳ 1994, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 12 ⵀⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ...
* ⵜⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵉⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ, ⵜⵓⵏⴼ ⴳ 2006, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵎ : ⵜⵉⵣⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵣⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵣⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵙⵍⵎⵉⵏ, ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ.
* ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⵉⵙⵜ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵍⵀⴰⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ
* ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵉⵇⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ.

## ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ
ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⵔⵉ (BWh) ⵜⴰⵣⵖⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ 43.9 **°C** ⴳ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 17 2021.

## ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ
ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⴰⵔ 300 000 ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴼⴰ ⴷ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵥⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ.

## ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ
* ⵜⵉⵟ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵙⴽⵉ
* ⵜⵉⵖⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵖⵔⵉⵙ
* ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵔⵣⵓⴳⴰ
* ⵜⴰⵣⵢⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ 3 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ

## ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ

File:La Source Bleue (Blue Spring) Oasis, south of the town of Errachidia, Morocco.jpg|ⵜⵉⵟ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵙⴽⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ
File:Ghris River, Goulmima, Morocco.JPG|ⵜⵉⵖⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵖⵔⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ
File:Dunes at Sunrise, Erg Chebbi - Lone Wanderer - panoramio.jpg|ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵏⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ
File:Errachidia north view.jpg|ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ
File:Errachidia الرشيدية.jpg|ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵜⵖⵔⵏ


## ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ

* ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵟⵉ ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵔ - ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 1500 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ.
* ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵏⵇⵔⵓⵣ - ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵜ.
* ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵊⵎ - ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵜ.
* ⵎⴰⵢⵉⵔ ⵛⴰⵟⵔⵉⵜ - ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ.

## ⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ
ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⴰⵃⵓⵥⴰⵕ

**ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⴰⵃⵓⵥⴰⵕ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: عبد العزيز أحوزار) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵖⵏⵏⵊ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)