open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ/ⵜⴰⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ

thumb|220px|ⴰⵥⵖⵥⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ
**ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ** ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵖⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵍⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ, ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ, ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴰⵡⴷ, ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ. 

ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ: ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⴹⴰⵏⵜ, ⵍⵊⴰⴱⵕ, ⴰⵚⵍⴰⴹ, ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴰⵜⴳ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴳⵉⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜ.

ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏⵜ (ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ) ⵙ ⵓⵖⵔⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⵜⵉⵏ (ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵣⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⵔⴰⴽⵏⵜ) ⵏⵖ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵏⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴷⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵣⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ, ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵓⴷ, ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔ, ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ,… ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵉⵏⴰⵡ ⵜ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵥⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵙⵖⵥⵏ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵍ. ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ , ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵉⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰ.
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ/ⵜⴰⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ

400px|thumb|ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
**ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ** ⴷ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵙⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵉⵍⵍⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⴻⵏ.

ⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵔⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵣⵉⵔⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ.

ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵇⵇⵍ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵎⵓⵏⴰⵏ (ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⴻⵏ), ⵉⵔⵎ « ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ » ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ: « ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⴹ » (ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⴷⵔⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵜⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵜⴳ.) ⴷ « ⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ » (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵍⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵓⵡⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵍⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ). ⵙ ⵎⴽⴰ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ « ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ » ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ, ⵖⴼ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵎⵙⴽⵍ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ/ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ

ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵍⴽⵓⵔⵙⵉ

ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ  114 ، ⵊⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ : **ⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵍⴽⵓⵔⵙⵉ** ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ،  ، ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 50 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⵜ، ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵍⴱⵔⴽⵜ 
، ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴳⵉⵣ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ  ⵔⵡⵍⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⵍⵉⵙⵏ ،ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ  (بسم الله) ،ⴷ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ (العلي العظيم) .

**ⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵓⵔⵙⵉ** ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵖⵔⵉ ,  ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⴰⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵊⵉⵏⵏ ؛ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ  ⵉ ⴰⴱⵉ ⵀⵓⵔⴰⵢⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ  : (
إذا أويتَ إلى فراشِك فاقرأْ آية الكرسيِّ، لن يزال معك من الله حافظٌ، ولا يقربك شيطانٌ حتى تصبحَ).
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ

**ⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ** (ⵙ ⵜⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *Monday*) ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵙⵙ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵙ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵙⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ.

## ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵉⵏ
## ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ
## ⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏ
## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⴰⴷⴷⵓ

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⴰⴷⴷⵓ**  ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ 30 ⴽⵎ ⴳ ⴰⴳⴼⴰ ⵏ  ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵣⵉⵏⴱ, ⴳ ⵜçⴰⵢëⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏ. ⵜⵜⵓⴱⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ, ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⴰä ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵎⴰⵔⵖⵏ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵉⵍⴰ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰäⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵎⵉⴷⵉⵜⵉⵖⴰⵏⵉ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ, ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵉⵛⵏⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⴱⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵇⴷⴷⴰⵔⵏ, ⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵓⴷⴰⵢ, ⵙⴳ ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵙ (ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴷⵉⵀⵢⴰ). ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵜⴰⵎ, ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴳⴳ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵓⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵉⴷⵡⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ « ⴱⵏ ⵃⴷⴷⵓ », ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵄⵢⵢⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵡⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉⵏ thumb|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⴰⴷⴷⵓ|289x289px
## ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵓⵙⵉ

ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴳ ⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⴷⴰⵢⵙ ⵎⴰëëⴰ ⵜⵓãⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⴰ. ⴳ ⵜⵓççⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⴽⵓⵔ, ⴳ « ⵍⴱⵔⵊ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ».

ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵏ ⵃⴷⴷⵓ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⵙ ⵍⵎëⵙⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵡⵓïïⵓⵏ 2.04.10 ⵏ 14 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2004 (ⴱ.ⵄ ⵏⵯ 5187 ⵏ 16 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2004, ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴰ.590). ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰäⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⴳ 1987.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)

 
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ]]
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵎⵉ

thumb
**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵎⵉ**, ⴰⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵖ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓ ⴳⵎⵎⴰⵣ (ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ).

ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵎⵉ.

## ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ

Tirehaline croejheye noere tiesse.jpg
Ayites Imi prumire måjhon.jpg
Berbis Tirehaline ⵜⵉⵕⵃⵃⴰⵍⵉⵏ.jpg


## ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ
thumb|ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ

## ⵉⵙⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵖⵓⵔⵏ
*Ayites Imi (ⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵉⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵓⵏⵜ)
*ⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵉⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ
*Category:Aït_Imi_ⴰⵢⵜ_ⵉⵎⵉ (ⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵉⴰ ⴽⵓⵎⵏⵙ)

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉⵍⴽ

**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉⵍⴽ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أيت ميلك, ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: AIT MILK) ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵓⵚⵃⴰⴱ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵕⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵙⵎⵓⴽⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⴱⵓⵛⵡⴰⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵍⴼⴰⵄ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ. ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵏⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ 2004 ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ 11414, ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ 2112 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ.

ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ.

ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉⵍⴽ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴽⵎⴰⵎⵜ. 

## ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵜ

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:15000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:1994 color:green width:1
 from:0 till:12122 width:25 text:12122 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px
  bar:2004 color:red width:1
 from:0 till:11414 width:25 text:11414 textcolor:black  fontsize:8px


## ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ

## ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ
ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉⵍⴽ ⵖⴼ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ:

* ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵎⵕ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵍⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⴰ:
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵎⵕ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵏ ⴷⴰⵡⴷ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵄⴱⵍⵍⴰ ⵓ ⵃⵎⵎⵓ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ.
** ⵉⴽⵔⴰⵔ, ⵉⵎⵅⵍⴰⴼ, ⴰⵏⴰⵔⴰⴳ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵔⴰ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵍⵊⵏⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⵙⵉⵏ, ⵉⴷⴰ ⵓ ⵄⵉⵙ.
* ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵉⵍⴽ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⴰ:
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵖⵕⵕⵉ, ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵉⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵟⵟⴰⵍⴱ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ, ⵍⵀⵔⵉ.
** ⴱⵓ ⵉⵣⴰⴽⴰⵔⵏ, ⴰⵙⵔⵙⵉⴼ, ⵜⴰⵣⵏⵏⵉⵇⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵄⵣⵣⴰ ⵓ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ.
** ⵍⵄⵚⵍⴰ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵔⵣⵓⴳ, ⵉⵖⵉⵔ ⵎⵍⵍⵓⵍⵏ, ⵉⵎⵕⴰⵡⵃⵉⵢⵏ.
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⴷⴷⵉ, ⵉⴽⵊⴹⴰⴹⵏ, ⴽⵓⵔⴰⵏ, ⴰⵍⴽⵓ.
** ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵣⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵓⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵏⵉⴷⵉⵔ, ⵉⴱⵏⵓⵏ.
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⴱⴱⵓ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵍ, ⵜⵓⵍⵖⵔⴱ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓⵊⵎⵄⴰ, ⵜⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙⵜ, ⵜⵉⴽⵔⴰⵔ, ⵉⴷⴰⵣⵣⵏ.
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵔⵓ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵓⵣ ⵉⵇⴱⵍⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⴽⵏⴰⵔⵉ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵃⵎⵎⴷ.
* ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⴰ:
** ⴱⵓ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴳⴷⵉⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵏ, ⵍⵇⵚⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴹ.
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵍⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⴷⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵇⵚⴱⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⵜ.
** ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⵥⴰⵍⵉⵎⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵉⴱⵓⵣⴰⵔⵏ.
** ⵍⴱⵕⵊ, ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴳⵎⵎⵉ, ⵉⵏⵊⵊⴰⵕⵏ, ⵉⴷⵔⵇ.
** ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵎⴰⵢⴷⴷⵓⵛ, ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ

thumb|300px|ⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
thumb|300px|ⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
**ⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ**(ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: **Barbe Cheval**), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ. ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ 1,45 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⴰⵔ 1,60 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ 400 ⴰⵔ 550 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⴳⵔⴰⵎ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ

300px|thumb|right|ⴰⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ
**ⴰⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ**, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵡⵡⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵉⵖⵏⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⴹ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 2.60 ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ، ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 800 ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴳⵕⴰⵎ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⵖⴷⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ, ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ  ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ  ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ **ⵓⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ** . 

## ⴳ [[ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ]] (ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ)
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ **ⵓⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ** ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵎⴽ ⵉⴳⵎⵎⵔ ⵓⵜⵛⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ   ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ  ⵉⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⵎⵔ ⵙ **ⵓⵣⴰⴳⴰⵢ**.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ

**ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⴰ ⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ, ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴱⴹⵎⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ

thumb|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ; ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ
**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵕⵓⵛⵛⵏ** (ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵙⵉⵜ (ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (ⴼⴰⵣⵣⴰⵣ) ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ. ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ "ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏⵉⵜ", ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵊⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ. 

ⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵕⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ **[[ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⵄⵎⵔ|ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⵄⵎⵕ]]**, ⵣⵣⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ "ⵍⵓⵙⵟⵓⵔⴰ" ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵜⵜⵓⵖ ⵜ ⵉⴽⵙⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵖⴰⵔ ⵜ.

(ⵉⵙⵖⵕ + ⵓⵛⵛⵏ = ⵉⵙⵖⵕⵓⵛⵛⵏ)

## ⵉⵖⵚⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵕⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ
thumb|ⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵃⵊⵔ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ, ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ
ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵖⴼ ⴰⵎⵥⵏ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⵉ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵎⵍⵡⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓⵢⵜ.

* ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵃⴰⵔⵉⵔⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵖⵔ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵍⵍⵡⴰⵜⴰ, ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⴰⵇⵓⵔⴰⵔ.

* ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⵣⴰⵔ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ (ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ) ⵉ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵏⴹⵕ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵙⴱⵄ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵅⵢⵢⴰⵔ.

* ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵛⵓⴽⵜ, ⴹⴼⵓⵔⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ, ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵓⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵜⵙⵏ (ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⵄⵎⵔ) ⵙⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ: ⵙⴽⴽⵓⵔⴰ ⵎⴷⴰⵣ, ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ, ⵍⵎⵔⵙ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰ.

* ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵙⵙⵉⵏⵜ: ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵖⵕⵎ ⵏ ⵖⵣⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵍⵙⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔⵇⴽⵓⵛ (ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵢⵢⴻⵢ (ⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳ)) ⴰⵙⵏⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⵔⵣⵣⴼⵏ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ.
*ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵕⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴰ : ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵖⵕⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴰ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ

thumb|right|ⵜⴰⵍⵜⵎⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⴱⵄⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⴳⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ
**ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ** ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ: ⵉⴳⵉⵙⵍ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵃⵢⴰ, ⵜⵓⴷⵎⴰ, ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵏ, ⵉⵎⴷⵢⵓⵏⴻⵏ, ⵉⵎⴽⵓⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵛⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵛⵜⵓⴽⵏ.

ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ.

## ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍ ⵢⵓⵎⵢⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ. ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ "ⵎⴰⵛⵢⴰⵅⴰ" ⵉ ⵉⴳⵯⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ. ⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ fraction ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ.

## ⵉⵍⵉⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ

* ⴼⵓⵕⵓⵎ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⴼⵓⵕⵓⵎ ⵉⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵖ 2007 (ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ), ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵖ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳⵉⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ.

## ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ
* ⵢⴰⵙⵎⵉⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵣ, *ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ - ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ*
* Jean Podeur, *Textes berbères des Aït Souab (ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵚⵡⴰⴱ)*

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ

**ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ** (**Independência total** ⵙ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ), ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵖⵔⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵡⵟⵓⵎⵉ ⴷ ⴱⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⴱ. ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵜ ⴰⵍⴷⴰ ⵏⵉⴼⵉⵙ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵔⴰⵚⴰ ⴹⵓ ⵉⵙⵀⵉⵔⵓⵟⵓ 1926, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵏⵡⵉⵍ ⴹⵓⵚ ⵙⴰⵏⵟⵓⵚ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵟⵓ ⴷⵉ ⵙⵓⵥⴰ ⵉ ⴰⵍⵎⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ 1933. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵚⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1975.

## ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ
::*Chorus:*
::Independência total,
::Glorioso canto do povo,
::Independência total,
::Hino sagrado de combate.
:Dinamismo
:Na luta nacional,
:Juramento eterno
:No país soberano de São Tomé e Príncipe.
:Guerrilheiro da guerra sem armas na mão,
:Chama viva na alma do povo,
:Congregando os filhos das ilhas
:Em redor da Pátria Imortal.
:Independência total, total e completa,
:Construindo, no progresso e na paz,
:A nação mais ditosa da Terra,
:Com os braços heroicos do povo.
::*Chorus*
:Trabalhando, lutando, presente em vencendo,
:Caminhamos a passos gigantes
:Na cruzada dos povos africanos,
:Hasteando a bandeira nacional.
:Voz do povo, presente, presente em conjunto,
:Vibra rijo no coro da esperança
:Ser herói no hora do perigo,
:Ser herói no ressurgir do País.
::*Chorus*
:Dinamismo
:Na luta nacional,
:Juramento eterno
:No pais soberano de São Tomé e Príncipe.

=ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ=
::*Chorus:*
::Total independence,
::Glorious song of the people,
::Total independence,
::Sacred hymn of combat.
:Dynamism
:In the national struggle,
:Eternal oath
:To the sovereign country of São Tomé and Príncipe.
:Military of São Tomé and Príncipe|Warriors in the war without weapons,
:Live flame in the soul of the people,
:Congregating the sons of the islands
:Around the Immortal Fatherland.
:Total independence, total and complete,
:Building, in progress and peace,
:The happiest nation on earth,
:With the heroic arms of the people.
::*Chorus*
:Working, struggling, struggling and conquering,
:We go ahead with giant steps
:In the crusade of the African peoples,
:Raising the Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe|national flag.
:Voice of the people, present, present and united,
:Strong beat in the heart of hope
:To be a hero in the hour of peril,
:A hero of the Nation's resurgence.
::*Chorus*
:Dynamism
:In the national struggle,
:Eternal oath
:To the sovereign country of São Tomé and Príncipe.

=ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ=

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⵅ

thumb|300px|link=|ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⵅ
ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⵅ ⴷ ⴰⵢⴷⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵉⴷⴷⴰⴷ  ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⵅ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵢⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵃⵎⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵟⵟⴼⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⴰⵔⴳⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ, ⴷ ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔ ⴷ  ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰ ⴼⴰⵚⵓ ⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ  ⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴳⵉ. 

*ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵖⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ, ⵉⴱⴰⵏⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1970. ⴷ 1981, ⵜⴰⴼⵉⴷⵉⵔⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵢⴹⴰⵏ (FCI) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ,  ⴰⵢⴷⵉ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵅⴷⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ, ⴰⵔⵓⵔⴷ ⵉⵏⵙ ⵉⵡⵓⵍⵎ ⵉⵡ ⴹⴼⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵉⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵅ. ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵓⵉ ⵉⵏⵙ ⵜⵊⵊⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⴷ

}}" valign="top"

| align="center" |  
| align="center" |thumb|alt=ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⴷ|ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⴷ

|- class="hiddenStructure}" valign="top"
|-valign="top" bgcolor=
!colspan="2"|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵔⵣ :------------
|-valign="top" bgcolor="white"
|-valign="top" bgcolor=
!colspan="2"|ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ : ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ -----
|-valign="top" bgcolor="white"
|-valign="top" bgcolor=
!colspan="2"|200px|Coat of arms 
|-valign="top" bgcolor="white"
|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ
|ⴳⴰⵡ
|- class="hiddenStructure}" valign="top"
|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ
|bgcolor="white"| ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ
|- class="hiddenStructure}" valign="top"
|ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ
|bgcolor="white"|ⵉⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷⵉⵢⵏ
|- valign="top"
|ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ  ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵖⵍⴰⴼⵏ 
|______ _________
|- class="hiddenStructure}" valign="top"
|ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ  _________
|  __________
|- class="hiddenStructure}" valign="top"
|ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ
|________
|- class="hiddenStructure}" valign="top"
|ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ 
|___________
|}

thumb|260px|ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
thumb|260px|ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
thumb|260px|ⴽⵉⴷⴰⵍ

ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⴷ** ⵏⵉⵖ **ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴷⴷⵖ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ; ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⵍⵓⵎⵕ ⵏⵏⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴷⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⵊⵔ ; ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵀⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵖⴰⴷⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ .

ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⵙⴳ : ⵜⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴷⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴳⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴹⵖⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴱⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⴰⵔ 60% ⴳ ⵢⵉⴽⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ . ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰ ⴼⴰⵚⵚⵓ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⵊⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ; ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ .

ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴳⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵜⵓⵎ ⴰⵔ ⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ . ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⴽ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ; ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴹ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵖ.

## ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ
ⵉⵜⴰⵡⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ(2 million) ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴰⵏ (ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ),

## ⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵏ
## ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
## ⵣⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
*1325:ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵡ ⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ
*1433:ⵜⴼⴼⵖ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
*1591:ⵓⴷⴼⵎ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
*1893:ⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ (ⴰⵡⴰⴹ)ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ(ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ) ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵉ ⵉⵜⵔⴳⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵅ ⴰⵎⵓⴷ
*1960:ⵜⵓⵛⴰ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ  ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵉ ⵜⴼⵉⴷⵉⵔⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ,ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵙⵉⵏⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ  ⵏ ”ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰⵡⵉ” ⴷ ⵜⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
*1961: ⵜⴼⴼⵖ  ⵙⵉⵏⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ “ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰⵡⵉ” ⴷ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ “ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ” ⵖⵔ  ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ, ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⴳⵙ .
*1963: ⵜⵟⵟⵉⵇⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⴼⴰⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ 
*1991: ⴰⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⴰⴼⴰⵇ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ 
*1996:ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵔ(ⴰⴽⵎⵍ) ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ
*2005: ⵉⴽⵔ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ  ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ  ⵉ ⵓⴱⴷⵍ ⴳ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ  ⵖⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ
*2009:ⵉⴼⴽⴰ  ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ  ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ  ⵉ ⵓⴱⴷⵍ  ⵉⵍⴰⴼⵏ(ⵙⵍⴰⵃ) ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ   ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ  ⴼⵉⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵎⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵟⵟⴱⵍⴰⵜ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ 
*2010: ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ
*2012: ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⵍⵍⵉ  ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ,ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵡⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ  ⵎⴰⵍⵉ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ

ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ,  ⴳⵔ  ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ  ⴷ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ , ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ  ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ… ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵃⵟⵟⴰⵟ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ "ⵓⵥⵓⴷ" ⵉⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ, ⴷ “ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉ” ⴳ ⴷⵎⵏⴰⵜ 70 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵟⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ , ⴷ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ.

## ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ
ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵙⴳⵉⵜⵙⵏⵜ: 
*ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵓⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ.
*ⴰⵣⵉⵍⵉⵍ ⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵔⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ

## ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ
ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵜⴼⵔⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵔ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵏⴼⵉ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
thumb|330px|Azilal-Ighrem-2008 02
ⴳ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1916, ⵜⵜⵓⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵣⵎⴰⵢⵣ. ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵉⴳⵏ. ⵢⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵓⵔⵓⵎⵢ **de LAMOTHE** ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ.
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⵎⵢ ⴳ 11 ⵏⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1916.
ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ, ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⵓⵔⵓⵎⵢ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵉⴳⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ **le poste d'Azilal**. 

ⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴳ ⵉⵔⴰ ⵓⵔⵓⵎⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵜⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵏⵉⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ.

ⵙⴳ ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⴳ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙ **ⵡⴰⵡⵉⵣⴳⵜ**.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ (ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ)

**ⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ** ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵓⵎ ⵕⴱⵉⵄ. ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵊⴷⵉⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ – ⴰⵥⵟⵟⴰⴹ. ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵜⵜ 36.722 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ (ⴳ ⴰⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ  ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2004).

## ⴰⵥⵓⵕ
ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: زيتون) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴳⵉ

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ, ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴱⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ, ⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⵉ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵡⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ, ⵉⴱⵏⵓ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ.[ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵉⵅⵚⵚⴰⵏ]

*ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵓⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵓ ⵍⵡⵣⵣⴰⵏ
*ⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴷⵓⴽⴰⵍ, ⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵎⵎⵕⴱⵉⵄ.”[ⴰⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵎ"*thumb|374x374px
## ⴰⵙⴳⴷ

ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⴰⵢⴰ, ⴰⵎ : ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ, ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⵇⵚⴱⴰ, ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵢⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵊⴰⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ, ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵣⵣⵉⵜⵓⵏ, ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵢⴰ ⵍⴱⴰⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰ, ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵍⵅⴷⵉⵎ, ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⵃⴼⵕⴰ, ⴷ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴱⵓⵛⵄⵉⴱ.

ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ 14 ⵏ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ  (ⵍⵇⵯⵔⴰⵏ) ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵏ. ⵔⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⴱⴷⵔ:

*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵊⴰⵏⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴷⵍⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴹⵕⵇⴰⵡⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵣⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵉⵙⴰⵡⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵃⵎⴷⵓⵛⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⴷⵡⵉⵜ
*ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵅⵟⴰⵕⵉⵜ
ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ: ⵙ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴱⵓⵛⵄⵉⴱ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵡⵍⵉⵢⴰ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵏⴱⴷⵔ: ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵉⵃⵢⴰ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵖⴰⵏⵎ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵊⴱⵉⵍⵓ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⵍⵎⵚⵟⴰⵚⵉ (ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⵓ ⵖⴰⵢⵜ), ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴰⵍⵉ ⵡⴰⵄⵍⴰⵎⵓ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⴷⵓⴷ (ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵓⵄⴷⵓⴷ), ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⵅⴼⵉ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵍⵎⴽⴽⵉ ⵛⵛⵔⵇⴰⵡⵉ, ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵊⵊⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉ ⵍⵎⵏⵢⴰⵔⵉ, ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵃⵔⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⵢⴼⴼⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵎⵔⴱⵉⵄ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡ

**ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡ** ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⴳⵓⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⴰ ⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⴱⴰ ⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ.

## ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵓⴱⴰ
*ⴰⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ.
*ⴰⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ.
*ⴰⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ.
 **ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⵙⵓⵥⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵣ .

## ⵉⵎⵏⴷⴰⵡⵏ
ⴷⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⴰⵡⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵡ:
*ⵡⵉⵍⵉ *ⵜⵉⵣⵎⴰⵎⵉⵏ* ⴰⵎ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ, ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ.
*ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵉ *ⵓⵔⵜⵉⵣⵎⴰⵎⵉⵏ* ⴰⵎ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ,  ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ .
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵣ

**ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵣ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵖⵏⵏⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴳⵔ *ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ|ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ]]* , ⵏⵖ ⵉⵍⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ *ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ* ,  ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ. ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵣ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵕⵅⴰ, ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. 

ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ. 
## ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵣⴰⵢⵣ
ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ:
*ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡ ; ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ , ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵓⴱⴰ .
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ; ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ , ⴷ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵙⵏ .
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ; ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵯⴳⴳⴰⵙ ,ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵖⴼ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵯⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵖ ⴱⴰⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ .

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⵍⵍⴰ
*ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ

**ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ , ⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵖⵏⵏⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ.  ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴰⴽ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴱⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ. ⴰⵛⴽⵊ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵏⵏⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ , ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵏⵜⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ. 
## ⵉⵣⵣⵓⵥⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ
*ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ : ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ , ⵉⵟⴰⴼ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴳⴰⵎ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵉⵣⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵉⴳⵯⵓⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⴹⴼⵓⵕⵜⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ), ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
* ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱ : ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵣ , ⵜⵓⵊⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵓⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵓⵜ.
* ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ : ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ,ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵏ.
* ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ : ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵉⵀⴰⵍ, ⴰⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ, ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ, ⴷ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⴰⵎ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ .
* ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ : ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⵜⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵕⵎⵓⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ.

ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵇⵇⵍⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ.
*ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ : ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡ .

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⵍⴰ
*ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
*ⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵀⵉⵍ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵔⵎⵢⴰⴳ

ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ ⴰⵎ: ⵍⴰ, ⴷⴰ, ⴰⵔ, ⴰⴷ, ⵔⴰⴷ, ⵇⴰⴷ, ⵙⴰⴷ, ⵖⴰⴷ, ⵖⴰ... ⴰⵜⴳ.

## ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ
ⵙⴳ ⵓ*ⵎⵢⴰⴳ* ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⵉⵔ *ⴰⵣⵔ*.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵡⵉⵍ

**ⴰⵣⵡⵉⵍ** ⴷ ⵢⵓⵡⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ (ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ)  ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵟⵟⵏ.

ⵓⴷⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⴷⴷⴰ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵟⵟⵏ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵥⵉⵔⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵥⴰ.

****ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⵎⵔⴰⵡ:**

ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ « 27 » ⵜⵓⵍⵖ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⵉⵍⵏ (2 ⴷ 7) ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ « ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴰ ». ⵜⴳⵏⵙⴻⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ  « 27 ⵏⵏⵉⵢⵔ ». ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ « 2 » ⵜⵓⵍⵖ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵡⵉⵍ (2) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵡⵉⵔ

**ⴰⵣⵡⵉⵔ** ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵣⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ. ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ, ⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ.

## ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ
ⵓⵙⵍⵉⵖ : affix (ⵜⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ), affixe
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ

**ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *The Moonstone*) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵓⵍⵉⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵜ ⵡⵉⵍⴽⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵉⵏⵣ (1824-1889), ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1868. ⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴰⴳ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜ, 32 ⵜⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵥⵕⴳⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵕⵍⵣ ⴷⵉⴽⵏⵣ *All the Year Round* ⵙⴳ 4 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⴰⵔ 8 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1868. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵎⵎ ⵜⵎⵍⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⴽⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵉⵏⵣ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵥⵟⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉ

thumb|logo of KNN CHANNEL
KNN (Kurdish News Network) ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⵥⵟⵟⴰ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ , ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ 2008 ⵅⴼ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵡⵛⵉⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ).

## ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ

ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ KNN

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⴱ ⴱⵔⵔⴷ

**ⴱⴰⴱ ⴱⵔⵔⴷ** ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⴱⵔⵔⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵉⴼ, ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⵡⵏ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴼⴼⴰⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵥⴰⵕⵙ ⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⵛⴷⴷⴰⴷ, ⴰⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ, ⴰⵡⵍⴰⵙⵏ, ⵎⵓⵟⵟⵉⵏ, ⵍⵄⵍⵡⵉ, ⴱⴰⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⴱⵜⴰ, ⵍⵄⵏⴰⵚⵕ, ⵍⵇⵓⵏⴷⵉⵢⴰ, ⵛⵟⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴰⵜ, ⵉⴼⵕⵟⵏ, ⴱⴰⵏⵉ ⵛⵉⵢⵢⴰ,

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ

300px|right|thumb|ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ
300px|right|thumb|ⵜⴰⴽⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ

**ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Papua New Guinea), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ (ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ) ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵓⵇⵢⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵎⵓⵔⵙⴱⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ: ⵔⴰⴱⴰⵡⵍ, ⵓⵍⴰⵢ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏⴳ, ⴷ ⴳⵓⵔⵓⴳⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⴼ 19 ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ.

ⵣⵉⴽ ⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1884 ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ, ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵉ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1905 ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵢⴰ, ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1973, ⵉⵎⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1975. ⵣⴷⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵍⴰⵏⵙⵉⵢⵏ. ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵏⵉⴳ 5545000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ (ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2005), ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ 475369 ⴽⵎ².

ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ 820 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⵔⴳⵏⵜ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵜⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵟⵓⴱⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴱⴱⵉⵏ  ⴰⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ (ⵍⵎⵔⵊ) ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 50 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ, ⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1938 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ.

ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴽⵣ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ; "ⵜⵓⴽ ⴱⵉⵙⵉⵏ" ⴷ "ⵀⵉⵔⵉ ⵎⵓⵜⵓ", ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵢⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵔⵟⴰⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵖⵏⵣⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵔⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ

**ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ**, ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⵓⵖⵣⵉⴼⵏ **ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ: ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, پاکِستان ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎⵉ ⵊⵓⵎⵀⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰⵀ ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), ⴷ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* ⴰⴽⵏⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ

ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ البحرين), ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ **ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ [[ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ]]** ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵓⴱⴰⴳⴳⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ (Moyen-Orient) .

ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 157,474 ⵓⵎⴷⴰⵏ. 

ⴳ 2010, ⵉⵡⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵃⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵔ 1 234 596 ⵓⵎⴷⴰⵏ, ⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ 54% ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 666,172 ⴷ ⵉⴱⵕⵔⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰ.

=ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ= 
thumb|250px|ⵃⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵔⵊ ⴱⵓⵛ
thumb|250px|ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ

ⴱⴰⵃⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ  ⵃⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴰ ⵍⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰ . ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ 2002, ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ “ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⵕⴱⵜ” ⵖⵔ “ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ” .

ⴰⴱⵔⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵃⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵅⵅⴰⵎⵉⵏ ‘ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵢⴱⵏ’   “ مجلس النواب ”  ⴷ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵛⵓⵔⴰ .

## ⵉⵎⵣⴷⵉⵖ

1.234,596 ⴳ 2011, ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳⴰⵏ 1.2  ⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⴻⵏ.

ⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ (570 000 ⵓⵎⴷⴰⵏ).

84% ⵏ 666 000 ⵉⴱⵔⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵍⴱⴰⵃⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵣⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵎ ⴱⴰⵏⴳⵍⴰⴷⵉⵛ,

## ⴰⵙⴳⴷ
ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵡⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ. 81,2 % ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵎⵏ, 9 % ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵢⵏ, 9,8 % ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⴹⴼⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵔ ⴹⴼⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ. 

ⴷⵉ ⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 30 ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ.

## ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ

## ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏ

ⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ 3 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2002 ⵍⴱⵃⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵡⴰⴱⴹⴰ ⵖⵔ 5 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴽⵓ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ.

ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰ ⵜⵉⴰⵜⵉ:

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵏ 10

****ⴱⵉⵏ 10''' (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ Ben 10) ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵜⵍⴼⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⵓⵅ ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⵙⵍⵖ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ, ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵡⴰⵖⵏ.
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴳ 2958 (2008), ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴳ 2960 (2010) ⵢⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵏ 10: ⵉⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⴼⵓⵕⵚ ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴱⵉⵏ 10: ⵓⵍⵜⵉⵎⵉⵢⵜ ⵉⵍⵢⵉⵏ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⵜⵏⴰ

320px|thumb|right|Snow in Batna
ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵜⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⵣⴷⵖⵏⵜⵜ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 285.800 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ. ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ,   ⴷⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ (ⵍⵖⵔⴱ) ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵥⴳⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵜⵏⵜ ⵙⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⴼⵕⵏⵙⵉⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1840, ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵙⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵛⵍⵜ (ⵍⴽⴰⵣⵉⵕⵏⴰ) ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵛⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ  ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.
*ⴰⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⴱⴰⵣⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⵖⵔⴱⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵍⵖⵔⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴱⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵎⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵄⵉⴷ   ⵎⴽ ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⵍⵅⴹⵕ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⵜⵏⵜ   ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵄⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙⴷⵉⵙ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ

**ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵜ: Paris) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵜⵚⵚⴽⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ 2,243,833 ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2010.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⴰⵟⵍⵉⵎⵓⵙ

right|thumb|200px

**ⴱⴰⵟⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ**، ⵏⵖ **ⴰⴱⵟⵓⵍⵉⵎⵉ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ  ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ,ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏⴰ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵢⵚⴰⵔⵉⵢⵜ (ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ) ⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵏⵊⵉⵜ (ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ).
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ **ⴱⴰⵟⵍⵉⵎⵓⵙ** ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1 ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 23 ⴰⵔ 40 ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵇⵉⵚⴰⵔⵢⴰ ⵛⴰⵔⵛⴰⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ, ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⴱⴰⵜⵔⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵎⴹⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵛⴰⵛⵔⵛⴰⵍ ⴷⵉ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⴱⴰⵜⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⵟⵓⵏⵢⵓⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵥⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵚⵔⵉ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ ,ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵟⵍⴰⵎⵉⵜ. ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵉⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢⵜ ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⵓⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⴰⵀⵍⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵏⵟⵓⵏⵢⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴼⵉⵍⴽⵙ ⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉ. 

 ==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
ⴱⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⴽ ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ

thumb|ⴱⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⴽ ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ
thumb|ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ
ⴱⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⴽ ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ (big Buck bunny ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ)ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵙⵓ ⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵓ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ ⵙ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⵉⵜⴼⵙⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2958 (2008) ⵖ ⵎⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵡⴰⵏ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

## ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴱⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⴽ ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ
thumb|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴱⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⴽ ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ
## ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵣⵖ ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ

Bbb-splash.png|ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ
PeachBlender.jpg|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵔⴰⵏⴽⵉ
Big.Buck.Bunny.-.Frank.Bunny.png|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵏⵉ
Big.Buck.Bunny.-.Frank.png|ⴼⵕⴰⵏⴽ
Big.Buck.Bunny.-.Landscape.png|ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ
ⴱⵉ ⴱⵉ ⵙⵉ

thumb    
**ⴱⵉ ⴱⵉ ⵙⵉ** ⵏⵖ **BBC** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *British Broadcasting Corporation*) 
 
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵍⵉⵣ

**ⴱⵉⵍⵉⵣ** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Belize) ⴷ ⵀⵓⵏⴷⵓⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. *ⴱⵉⵍⵉⵣ* ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⴳⵡⴰⵜⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴽⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴼ.

= ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ =
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ

**ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ** ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ **ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ**, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵜ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢ ⴰⵙ ⵟⵓⴳⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ, ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⵊⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ. ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵔⵟⵓ ⵏⵓⴼⵓ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵟⵓⵏⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵏⵢⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏⵢⴰⵀⵓ

**ⴱⵉⵏⵢⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏⵢⴰⵀⵓ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵖⵍⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⴱⵏⵢⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⴰⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰⵀⵓ (21 ⴽⵟⴱⵕ1949) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵚⵕⴰⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴽⵓⴷ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵚⵕⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵙⴳ 29 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2022 ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ 2009 ⴰⵔ 2021, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ 1996 ⴰⵔ 1999, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵟⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵚⵕⴰⵢⵉⵍ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵚⵕⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ.

## '''ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ'''
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵏⴰⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰⵀⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1949 ⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⴱⵉⴱ 
ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⵍⴰ ⵙⵉⵖⵍ (2000-1912) ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⴱⵉⵜⴰⵃⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴼⴰ, ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴱⵏ ⵚⵀⵢⵓⵏ ⵏⴰⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰⵀⵓ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵙⵓ (2012-1910) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵣⵔⵓⵢ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵢⴱⵢⵎⵉ ⵊⵉⵢⴽ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ

thumb|300px|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ
thumb|300px|ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ 2.79
**ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ**  ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ (3D) ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵏⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⴷⵢⵓ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵀⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ, ⵙⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵍⵉⵏⵓⴽⵙ, ⵎⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⴷⵓⵣ, ⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵏⴷⵔ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ Cycles ⴷ Blender Internal, ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ Cycles ⴷ Eevee.
thumb|300px|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵙ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ
thumb|300px|ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ
thumb|300px|ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⵓⴷⵢⵓ ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴹⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵀⵍⵏ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2945 (1995). ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ Yello, ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴱⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ Baby.
### ⵙⵓⵣⴰⵏ
thumb|300px|ⵙⵓⵣⴰⵏ
thumb|300px|ⵙⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ
ⵙⵓⵣⴰⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: suzanne) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵅⵙⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⴹⵓⴹ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ 500 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ.
thumb|ⵙⵓⵣⴰⵏ 3D

## ⵉⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⴱⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ
thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ, ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵜⵢⴰⵡⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2969 (2019)
[thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [ⵙⵉⵏⵜⴰⵍ]]
[thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [ⴱⵉⴳ ⴱⴰⴽ ⴱⴰⵏⵉⵢ]]
[thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [ⵉⵎⵟⵟⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵖⴰⵔ]]
thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵄⴹⴰⴹ
[thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵡⴰⵏ]]
thumb|300px|ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ "ⴽⵓⵙⵎⵓ ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵔⵓⵎⴰ"

Caminandes-_Llama_Drama_-_Short_Movie.ogv|ⴽⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ 1: Llama Drama (2013)
Caminandes_-_Gran_Dillama_-_Blender_Foundation%27s_new_Open_Movie.webm|ⴽⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ 2: Gran Dillama (2013)
Caminandes 3 - Llamigos - Blender Animated Short.webm|ⴽⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ 3: Llamigos (2016)


## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵉⵍⴼⴰⵙⵜ

220px|right|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵍⴼⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ|thumb
220px|right|ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴱⵉⵍⴼⴰⵙⵜ|thumb

**ⴱⵉⵍⴼⴰⵙⵜ** *Bilfast* (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ:***Belfast***) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴰⴱⵍⵉⵏ. ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 333,871 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ

ⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ   ، ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ  ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ  ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ . ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ  49 ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ.ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ

**ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ** ⵏⵉⵖ **ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: *Royaume de Belgique*)   ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ «ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ» ⴳ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⴱⵔⵓⴽⵙⵉⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵉⵍⵊⵉⴽⵜ ⵣⵓⴷ "ⵏⵉⵟⵓ".

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ

*ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ

ⵉⵙⵏⵡⵊⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵛⵛⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵉⵊⵊⵏ ⵜⵇⴰⴷⴷⵓⵃⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ ⴰⵛⵏⵇⵓⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵇⴷⴷⵓⵃⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ, ⵉⵛⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰⵎⵉ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ.

ⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⵉⵅⵙⵙ ⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵛ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵜⵏⴰⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵓⵅⵏⴼⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵇⴰⵎⵎⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴷⴷⴰⵃⵜ.
ⴰⵔⴰⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⴰⵖⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵙⵏⵡⵊⵉⵡ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙⵊⵊⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ, ⵉⵛⵛⴰ ⵜ ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ ⵎⵙⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵛⵏⵇⵓⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴱⵔⴰ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴽⵙⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⵓ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⵉⵛⵛⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵛⵉ ⴰⵔⴰⵎⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⵓ ⵅ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏⵏⵉ, ⵓⵛⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉ ⴱⵍⵍⴰⵔⵊ : 'ⵜⵙⵏⵡⵙⵡⴷ ⴰⵢⵉ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵊⵊⵓⵄ, ⵙⵏⵡⵊⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵛⴽⴽ ⵖⴰⵔ ⴱⵓⵀⵢⵢⵓⴼ'
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ

thumb|300px|ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ
**ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ** ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴱⴹ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ (ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ) ⵏⵉⴳ 1100 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⵉⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵎⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴰⵜ    ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴹⴳⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵜⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ  ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ (ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ), ⵎⵓⵏⵏⴻⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⵃⵏ  ⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ.

ⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍ ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵜⵏ  ⴱⴰⵛ  ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵄⴰⵀⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵜⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ  ⵙⵉⵔⵜⴰ (ⵇⵙⵟⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ). ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵖⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵅⵙⵔⵏ  ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵡⴰⵃ, ⵓⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ . ⵢⵓⵛⴰ ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ, ⴳ ⴰⵎⵍⴰⴳⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵍⵇⵓⵏⵚⵓⵍ ⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵙⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵣⵏⴻⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵇⴰⴷⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ.

 ==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ

link=|thumb|300px|ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ
link=|thumb|300px|ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵟⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵜⵣⴳⴰ **ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ** ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ  ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⴰⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵔⴰⵏⵢⴰ، ⴷ ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ، ⴰⴽⴷ  ⵙⵍⵓⴼⴰⴽⵢⴰ ⴷ  ⵜⵛⵉⴽ، ⴷ ⵍⵉⵜⵡⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵍⵉⴳⵔⴰⴷ.

ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 38.383.880 ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2013 .

ⵢⵉⵡⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⴼⵓ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ 470.4 ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵓⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2012.
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ  ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ ؛  ⴷⴰ ⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ  ⵙⵉⵙ 97.8% ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ.
ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ **ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ** ⵓⵎⵏⵏⴻⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵊⵊⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ ⴷⴳⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ . 
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵔⵙⴰⴼ (ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ: Warsaw) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ **ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ** .

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
center|thumb|ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵔⵙⴰⴼ
ⴱⵓⵍⵉⴼⵢⴰ

thumb|240px|right|ⴱⵓⵍⵉⴼⵢⴰ

**ⴱⵓⵍⵉⴼⵢⴰ** ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴱⵓ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⴼⵢⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia) ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰ, ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ 10,461,053 ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ 2013.
ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵉ : ⵙⴰⵏⵜⴰ ⴽⵔⵓⵣ, ⵓⵔⵓⵔⵓ, ⵙⵓⴽⵔⵉ, ⴱⵓⵜⵓⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰ ⵜⴳⴰⵜ ⵙⵓⴽⵔⵉ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴱⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏ

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ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ:بولمان) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ  ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⴼ 102 ⵏ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵟⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ , ⴷ ⴰⵍⵎⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴽⵓ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ 3 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵏ , ⴷ ⵡ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ  ⵉⴷⵡⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ،ⵎⵉⵙⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵎⵓⵛⵜ، ⴷ ⵍⵎⵔⵙ، ⴷ ⴽⵉⴽⵓ، ⴷ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵎⵎⵓ،...، ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 6.910 ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ (ⴳ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱ ⵏ 2004). ⴷⴳⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⵓⵜⵉⵏ  ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ .
ⵜⵖⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ , ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ  ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ  ⴷ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵉⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵏ، ⵎⴽ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴳⵍ، ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⵣⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴳⴰⵔ، ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵍⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵄⵔⵄⴰⵔ، ⴷ ⵓⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵉⴱⴱⴰⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵉⴽⵔ، ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵟⴰⵟⴰ، ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜⵉⵜ، ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵅⵛⵅⴰⵛ، ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ .
ⵎⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⴰⵥⵕⵥⵓⵥ، ⴰⴳⴱⵓⵔ ، ⴷⴳⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ  ⵉⵏⵙⵉ، ⴷ ⵓⵣⵏⴽⴹ، ⴷ ⵉⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ .
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴷⴰⴷⵙ

ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ, ⵊⴰⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉⵔ. ⵢⵓⵙⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴷⴰⴷⵙⵙ. ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵟⵟⴰ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⴷⴷⵔⴰⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵔⵖⴰⴷ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵛⵕⴰⵃⵉⵍ, ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵍⵏ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⵖ: ⵙⵍⵉⵍⵍⵓ, ⴱⵓⵎⴰⵍ, ⴰⵇⴱⵓⴱ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⵉⴷⵉⵔ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⴱⴷⵔⵔⵃⵉⵎ, ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵍⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵉⵃⵢⴰ, ⵜⴰⵔⵎⵓⵛⵜ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓⵢⵓⵙⴼ. ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵏ. 

ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴱⵓⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴷⴰⴷⵙⵙ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⴽⵕⴰⵙ. ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵜⵙⵡⵡⴰⵇⵏⵜ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⴷⴷⵔⴰⵜ, ⵉⵎⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⴰⵖⵕⵓ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵡⴷⵉⵍⵜ...

=ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ=

=ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ=

=ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ=

=ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ=

=ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ=

=ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ=
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=ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ=
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰ ⴼⴰⵙⵓ

**ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵙⵓ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: [buʁkina faso]) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰ ⵉⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 274,200 ⴽⵎ2 ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⴰⵜⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ: ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ; ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ; ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ; ⵜⵓⴳⵓ ⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ; ⴷ ⴽⵓⵜ ⴷⵉⴱⵡⴰⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⴳⴰⴷⵓⴳⵓ.

ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 13,228,000 ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2005. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ, ⵏⵏⵉⵊⵔ, ⴱⵉⵏⵉⵏ, ⵟⵓⴳⵓ, ⵖⴰⵏⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⴼⵙⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵔ. ⵓⵔ ⵜⵟⵟⵉⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙ ⵉⵍⵍ.

## ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ
ⴷⴷⴰⵡⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⵍⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵖ ⴱⵓⵕⴽⵉⵏⴰ ⴼⴰⵚⵓ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵔⵏⵢⵓ

thumb|220px|right|ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵏⵢⵓ
**ⴱⵓⵔⵏⵢⵓ** ⴷ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⴱⵓⵔⵏⵢⵓ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 743 330 ⴽⵎ², ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴳⵔⵉⵏⵍⴰⵏⴷ, ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ. ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵜⵜ 20 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ (densité  : 27 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ/km2).

ⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴽⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜⴰⵏ

ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ: ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ. 

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ

**ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ** (ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: **Burundi**) ⵏⵖ **ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ**, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ, ⵜⴷⵔⵓ ⵉⵡⵓⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵓⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵟⴰⵏⵥⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⴷ ⴽⵓⵏⴳⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ. ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴱⵓⵊⵓⵎⴱⵓⵔⴰ.

ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵜⵡⴰ, ⵀⵓⵜⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵙⵉ ⴳ **ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ** ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 500 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ **ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 200 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 20, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢ. ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵔⵥⴰ **ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ** ⴳ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ **ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ**.

ⵜⵓⵎⵥ **ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ** ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ 1962, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ **ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ**, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵯⴷⴰⵎ ⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1986. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1990 ⵉⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ **ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ** ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ.

## ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⵣⵏ
ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴳ **ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ***ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ*** ⴷ ***ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ***. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ 21 ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ. ⴳ 13 ⴽⵕⴰⵢⵓⵔ 1992, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⴳⵯⴷⵎ ⴰⵜⵓⵜⵙⵉ ⴱⵢⵉⵔ ⴱⵓⵢⵓⵢⴰ (Pierre Buyoya) ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ..

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵕⵖⵡⴰⵟⴰ

thumb |ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴱⴰⵟⵏ
**ⴱⵓⵕⵖⵡⴰⵟⴰ** ⵏⵖ **ⵉⴱⵕⴱⴰⵟⵏ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵏⴰ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵕⵖⵡⴰⵟⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 744 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵏⴰ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⴽⵉⵎ ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1058 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴱⴰⵟⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵖⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ, ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴱⵓⵕⵖⵡⴰⵟⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵛⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵔⵙⵉⴽ

ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ **ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵔⵙⵉⴽ** (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵙⵏⵉⵜ، Bosna i Hercegovina; ⵙ ⵜⴰⵚⵉⵔⴱⵉⵜ : Босна и Херцеговина) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵍⴱⵍⵇⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴰ، ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵖⵙⵍⴰⴼⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ. ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ، ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵚⵉⵔⴱⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴱⵕⴽⴰⵏ، ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ  ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ  ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 26 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵜⵔ ⵖⴰⴼ  ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴷⵉⵔⵢⴰⵜⵉⴽⵓ ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ. ⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ، ⴷ ⵡⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ  ⴰⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ  ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ، ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⴷⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⵙⵜ. ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵔⵙⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ، ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⴰⵍⵎⵎⴰⵙ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ "ⵉⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ": ⵉⴱⵓⵛⵏⴰⵇⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴱⴰⵄⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ   ، ⴳ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵚⵉⵔⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵉⵢⵏ.   

ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ   ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ  ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ  :ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵖⵙⵍⴰⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ، ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵔⵙⵉⴽ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ  ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵔⵙⵉⴽ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵊⵓⵎⴱⵓⵔⴰ

220px|right|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵊⵓⵎⴱⵓⵔⴰ|thumb

ⵜⴳⴰ **ⴱⵓⵊⵓⵎⴱⵓⵔⴰ** (bujumbura) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ, ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1994, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⴳⵎⵉⴹ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵓⵏⴷⵉ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ

thumb|300px|link=|ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ
thumb|300px|link=|ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ :भूटान) ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ 
ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⵀⵉⵏⴷ  ⴷ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ .

ⴳ  ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2006، ⵜⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵣⵏⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⴽ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⵊⵊⵉⵊⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ . 

ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ  691,141 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ . ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ  ⵜⵉⵎⴼⵓ.  .   ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ  ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ . ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⴹ   38,816 ⴽⵎ² .
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ

220px|right|ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ|thumb

ⵜⴳⴰ **ⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ** ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ, ⵢⵉⵜⵜⵢ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⴷ ⵓⴱⴰⴷⵓ ⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏ. ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ  ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ, ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 60 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ. ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵔⵎ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵍⵉⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ, ⵙⴽⵓⵜⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ

link=|thumb|300px|ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ
link=|thumb|300px|ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵟⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵓ: Negara Brunei Darussalam)، ⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ، ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵏⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ ⵖⵔ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⴱⴹⴰⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵍⴰⵎⴱⴰⵏⴳ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⵔⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵔⵡⴰⵇ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵉ  ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ  ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⴼⵢⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ. ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ  ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⴳⵜ  ⵖⴰⴼ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵏⵢⵓ، ⴷⴰ ⵜⴱⴹⴹⵓ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ .

ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 7  ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵔⵉⴼⵉⵊⴰⵢⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ 'ⴱⵓⵏⵉ'. ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴹⴼⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵊⴰⴱⴰⵀⵉⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 17.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ

**ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: ابراهيم أخياط) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⴳ
ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1941 ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⴰ
ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴳ
ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ
ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵉⴹⴼⵕ
ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⵡ.

## ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ
ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ
ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵇⵏⵉⵟⵕⴰ ⴷ
ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵡⵍ
ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ.
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1967, ⵉⴷⵔⴰ
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ
ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ" ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ,
ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ"
ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ
ⵉⵏⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴹ
ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏ
ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵍⴰⵛ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ
ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵓⵏⴼⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ
ⴰⴽⵡⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵍⵅⵍⴼⴰⵡⵉ
ⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵍⵊⴰⵡⵉ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ
ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.
ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ
ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ
ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2002. ⵉⴳ
ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⵙⴰⵍ
ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ
ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1979, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ
ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ 1980 - 1982 - 1988 - 1991.
ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ "ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ
1974. ⵉⴽⴽ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ
ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ
ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ 1993 - 1996, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ
ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵏⴳⵕⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏ
ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ
ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳⵎⴹⵏⵜ
" ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ" ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ
ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ
ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ,
ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ
ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ
ⴷ ⵜⵔⵡⴰⴽⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ
ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ
ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉ.
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ
ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ
ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵃⵙⵉⵏ: "ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ
ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ
ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉ
ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ,
ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ
ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ
ⵡⵉⴷ ⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ
ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ
ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ
ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵃⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ
ⵏⵏⵙ (ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ) ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ
ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ
ⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ.
ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ
ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ "ⴰⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ
ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ" ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ,
ⵉⵖ ⵏⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵜⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵏ,
ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ,
ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴼⵉⵏ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ
ⵄⴰⵚⵉⴷ. ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵜⵓⵔⵏ
ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ
ⴳ ⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

## ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ
ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⴳ
07 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2018, ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ
ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ
ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵉ
ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵎⵡⴰⵙ
30 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2018, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵎ
ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ. ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ
ⵙ ⵓⴷⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ
ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⵉ
ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ
ⵜⴳ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ
ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ
ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ
ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴰⵅⵢⵢⴰⵟ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ
ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ.

## ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ
*  ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ, 1992
*  ⵎⴰⵅⵅ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ? 1994
*  ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ:  ⵡⵉⴷ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏⵉⵏ, 2004
*  ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵜⴰⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ  ⴷⴷⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ  ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, 2012.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴳⴰⴱⵔⵉⵢⵉⵍ ⴳⴰⵔⵙⵉⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵉⵙ

thumb|ⴳⴰⴱⵔⵉⵢⵉⵍ ⴳⴰⵔⵙⵉⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵉⵙ ⴳ 2002
**ⴳⴰⴱⵔⵉⵢⵉⵍ ⴳⴰⵔⵙⵉⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵉⵙ** ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵉ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴰⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽ, ⵎⴰⴳⴷⴰⵍⵉⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ ⴳ 6 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1927, ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1982 ⵅⴼ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⵡⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵙ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴳⴰⴱⵔⵉⵢⵉⵍ ⴳⴰⵔⵙⵉⵢⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⴽⵉⵣ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵣⵓⵍⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵏⴹⴰⵥⵜ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ 17 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ

**ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ** (ⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵜ: *Brasil*), (ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍⵉⵜ: *bra'ziw*), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ "ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⴰⵏⵜ" (ⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵜ: *República Federativa do Brasil*), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ 8.5ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ², ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵜⵥⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ (218ⵎ) ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍⵢⴰ.

## ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ

## ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ

## ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏⴰ

## ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ

## ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
### ⴰⵙⵖⵔⵙ
### ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ

## ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ

## ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ

## ⴰⵙⴳⴷ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵕⵉⴽⵙ

thumb|ⴱⵕⵉⴽⵙ|249x249px

**ⴱⵔⵉⴽⵙ** ⴰⵣⴳⵣⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ BRICS ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵣⴼⴼ (ⵉⵖⴰⵡⵍ) ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ: ⵍⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ, ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⵍⵀⵏⴷ, ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⴷ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴽⴰⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴱⵓⵔⴳ Iekaterinbourg ⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2009, ⴱⵔⵔⵃⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ "ⴱⵔⵉⴽⵙ" ⴳ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2008, ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵓⴽⴰⵢⵓ ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ "ⵜⴰⵎ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ".

ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⴽⵙ, ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ  "ⴼⵍⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ" ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏⵜ) ⵊⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵀⵏⴷ ⵎⴰⵏⵎⵓⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⴳ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ ⵍⵡⵉⵙ ⵉⵏⴰⵙⵢⵓ ⵍⵓⵍⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⴱⴰ. ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⵓⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵖⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⴷⵓⵔⵜ
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010 ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ "South Africa" ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⴽ "BRIC" ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵏⴼⵍ ⵙ ⴱⵔⵉⴽⵙ "BRICS".

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴳⴰⵢⴰ

**ⴳⴰⵢⴰ** ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ (Gaîa) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
*ⴳⴰⵢⴰ* ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ. ⴳⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (208 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ).

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵙⴰⵡ

**ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵙⴰⵡ**  ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵙ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ **ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵙⴰⵡ** (ⵙ ⵜⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ:República da Guiné-Bissau [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ 36125 ⴽⵎ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 1,815,698 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ