ⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ

ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ **ⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵢⵉⴼⵉⵎⵓⴼⵉⵜⵛ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ** , ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1869, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⴳⵓ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵚⵓⴼⵉ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵓⴼ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵚⴰⵏⴹⵕⴰ. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵓⵔⵓⴷⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴼⵉⵍⵢⴰ. 

ⵜⴰⴽⴼⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⴽⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵉⵎⵓⵜⵜⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵉⵥ, ⴷ ⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ, ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏ ⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵙⴷⵖⵔ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⵉⵎⵔⵡⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵛⵓⵜ, ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴼⵍⵉⵏ.
thumb|ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1914
ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1916 ⴷ ⵜⴰⴹⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵇⴰⵢⵥⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⴽⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⵎⵓⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵙⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵕⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⵕ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴳⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵎⴱⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1916.  ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴹⴹⵕⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳⵓⵛⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵙⵓⴼⴼⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵎⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵖⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⴼⴹⴹⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⴱⴱⵕⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵙⵍⴰⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵏⴼⴼⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴹⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵡⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵣⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵏⵏⴰⵖⴱⴰⵕ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴹⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵓⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1917. 

## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ
ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵉⵖⵯⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵔⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵖ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵓⴽⵓⴼⵚⴽⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ,  ⵙⵖ ⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵎⵍⴰ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴷⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵎⵏⴰⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵙⴼⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ, ⵉⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵉⵃⵙⵓ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ. ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵎⵔⵢⵉⵎ ⵜⴰⴳⵚⵎⴰⴹⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵥⵕⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵜⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵉⵥ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵚⵎⵎⵕⴹⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⴼⵙⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴼⴰⵍⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵙⵉⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ, ⴷ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏⵏ.  

ⵖ 1889, ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵕⴰⵙⴽⵓⴱⵢⴰ ⴼⵉⴷⵓⵔⵓⴼⵏⴰ ⴷⵓⴱⵕⵓⴼⵉⵏⴰ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ. ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵔⵡⵉⵏ, ⵙⵓⵍ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵢⵓⴽⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⵉⴷⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵏⵙⵜⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⵢⴰⵏ, ⵉⴽⴽ ⴷⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ. ⵢⴰⵥⵓⵎ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴼⵉⵢⵢⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⵖⴰ, ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵉⵥ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ. ⵉⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴼⴰⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⵏⵙⵔ, ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵊⴳⵓⴳⵓⵍ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵎⵖⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰ, ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵕⴰ ⴰⵇⴷⴷⴰⵙ ⵓⵕⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙ,  ⵉⵃⵙⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ,  ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ.   
thumb|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵜⵙⵏ: ⵎⴰⵜⵔⵢⵓⵏⴰ, ⴱⴰⵔⴱⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵉ.ⵖ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵖ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙⵖ ⵓⵎⵏⵙⵜⵉⵔ, ⵉⵙⵜⴼⴰⵍ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵣⵣⵉⴼⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵉⵥⴽⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⵖ ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵜⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵛⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⴷⵓⵖⵜ.  ⵖ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⴽⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ, ⵜⵉⵣⵎⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏⵜ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵏⵏⴱⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ. 

ⵉⵏⴷⵉⵍⵍⵉⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵎⵎⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1903, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴽⴰⵣⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ, ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵙⵎ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⵙ ⴷⵖⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴽⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉⵢⵏ.  ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵡⵓ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵕⵏ ⵙ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵎⴱⵜⵔⵙⴱⵓⵔⴳ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⵓⴽⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ.

## ⵜⴰⴽⴼⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ
ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵉ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴼⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵙⴰⵎⴱⵜⵔⵙⴱⵓⵔⴳ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1905, ⵡⵉⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⵎⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴳⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ, ⵉⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ. ⵉⴼⴰⵚⵕ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵍⴰ, ⴰⵀⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵡⵍ, ⴰⵖⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⴼⴰⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵊⴰⵊ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⵓⵎ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵕⴼⴰⵕⴹ.  

ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵚⴰⵏⴹⵕⴰ ⴼⵉⴷⵓⵔⵓⴼⵓⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⴷⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵇⴰⵢⵥⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⵜⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ, ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⵉ ⵖ 1904, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ, ⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⵉ ⵉⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴼⵉⵍⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵖ ⵉⵎⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵖ.  ⵉⵎⵉⵡⴰⵍ ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⴼⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵙⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵇⴷⴷⴰⵛⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵖⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰⵔ ⵥⵥⵓⵥⴹⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵙⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵜⵙⵏ. 
thumb|ⴰⵇⴰⵢⵥⴰⵕ ⵏⵉⴽⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⵉ.ⵉⵙⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵏ  ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⴹⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵓⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1905, ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵉⵔⵖⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴼⵜⴰ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵎⵔⵓⵔⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵜⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ, ⵜⵉⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵙⴽⵔⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵢⴰⴼ ⵖ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵖⵍⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ. ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ, ⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵔⴰⵙⴱⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵣⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵉⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵎⵎⴰⵢⵏ. 

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ