ⴰⵕⵟⵓⵕ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ

**ⴰⵕⵟⵓⵕ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ** (1788-1860) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴰⵢⵣⵜ/ⵜⵥⵕⵎⵣⵣⴰⵔⴽⵜ(ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵣⵣⵓⵔⴽⵜ) ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴳⴳⴹⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵙⴹⵕⵉ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ. ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵕ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⵏⵟ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵢⵓⵛ (ⵜⴰⵔⵢⵓⵛⵜ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵜⵎ/ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵢⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵓⴷⵉ, ⴰⵎ ⵓⵍⵇⵇⵉ, ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵍⵍⵓ(ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ (ⴰⵖⴰⵍ) "ⵎⴰⵢⴰ". ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵅⵅⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⵀ, ⴼⵔⵓⵢⴷ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵛⵟⴰⵢⵏ; ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⵍⵙⵜⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴼⴰⴳⵏⵔ. 
## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ
thumb|left|198x198px|ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ.
ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴰⵢⵣⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵏⵣⵉⴳ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ.  ⴷ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷⵉⵍ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵏⵓⴽⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵓⵙ, ⵜⵎⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵅⵎⵅⴰⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵀⴰⵏⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ; ⵉⵣⵖⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵡⵏⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵥⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⵊⵊⵉⵊ/ⵜⵎⵔⵔⴻⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵎⴰⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⵖⵏⵏⴰⵏⵜ. ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ. ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵖ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵍⵉⵡⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ". ⴰⵡⵍⵉⵡⵍ/ⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ, ⵙ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵔⵇ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴷⵓⵣⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ, ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⴰⵙⵉⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⵓⵥⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵓⵜ.

## ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ: ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ
ⵜⴱⴷⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ". ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ: ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ "ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⴷⵡⴰⵏ/ⴰⵙⴷⵡⵏ", ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ "ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ". ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⴽⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⴱⵓⵔ/ⵡⴰⵥⵉⵡ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⵎⴰⵢⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵙⵉⵍⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵔⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴰⵡ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ "ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ". ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴽⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⵖⵔⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴷⵃⴰⵢ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⵛⵉⵡⵏ (ⵜⴰⵣⵏⵉ/instincts) ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵓⵥⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵖⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵏⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ.

## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ: ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ/ⵓⵖⵓⵔⵓⴼ
ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴷⴰⵙⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⵍⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵡⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵊⴳⵓⴳⵓⵍ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ "ⵜⵣⵔⵓⵔⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵓⵔⵓⴼ". ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵏⵖ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵥⵓⵥⴹⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴰⵥⵓⵥⴹ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵚⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵜ/ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴹⵕⵉ ⵓⵥⵓⵥⴹ, ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ, ⴰⵎⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵡⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴷ  ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵥⵓⵥⴹ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ. ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵥⵓⴹ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵎⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵔ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔ, ⵣⵄⵎⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷ. ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴼⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵥⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵉⵍⵓⴼⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵏⴰⵣⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ.

## ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴽⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ
ⴳ 1851, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ "Schopenhauer" ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴽⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ/ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵙ: "ⵜⴰⴽⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ" (The hedgehog's dilemma), ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵉⵎⵢⴰⴳⴳⴰ/ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ (ⵎⴽⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ), ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵔⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⵣⴷⵉ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ. ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵣⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⴳⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴳⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵉⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴳⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ (ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵏⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ), ⴷ ⵖⵉⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵎⵖⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⵣⴷⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵓⵣ ⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵔⴰⴳ ⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵇⵇⵙ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵏⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ (ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵖⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵄⵏⵡⴰ) ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵉⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⵯⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴳⵉⴳⵏⵖ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ!

ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵥⵉⵕ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵅⵓⵎⴱⵍ ⴰⴷ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ "ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ", ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ, ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⴰⵏⵛⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵖⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⴰⵏ, ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴷⴰⵖ, ⵙ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ.

## ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ
ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵉⵡⵔ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵖⵓ; ⵏⵓⵙⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⵣⵖⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ  ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵏⵎⵉⵍⴰ  ⴰⵏⵏ  ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ  ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⴷ  ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵉⵏ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵊⴷⵔ ⵉⴳ ⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴳ  ⴰⵙ ⵏⴰⵥ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵛⴽ  ⵍⵍⵉ  ⴷ  ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ. ⴷⴰ  ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ  ⵎⴰⵙ  ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ  ⵓⵏⴳⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ  ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ. ⵀⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⴷⴰ  ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ  ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ  ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ  ⵢⴰⵜ  ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓ. ⴷⴰⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵢⴰⵏ  ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵙ;  ⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ  ⴳⵏ  ⵉⵏⵙⴱⴰⵖⵓⵔⵏ,  ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵔⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴹⴼⵜ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓ. ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⴷⵓ ⵏⵖⴱⵣ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⴰ  ⴰⵔ  ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ  ⵏⵜⵜⵛⴰⴱⴱⴰ  ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴼⵔⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵖⵢ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵣⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⴹⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⵙ.

## ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵛⵉⵡ ⴰⵔⵉⵙⴰⵏ
ⴷⴰ ⵉⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ". ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⵔⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ "ⵓⵏⵛⵉⵡ ⴰⵔⵉⵙⴰⵏ" (instinct sexuel). ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵛⵉⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ/ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵙⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⴼⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵅⵓⵎⵎⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵔⴰⵡ, ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴹⵎⵏ/ⵜⴹⴽⵍ ⴰⵖⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ. ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏⵔⵔⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⴳⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ", ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⴽⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⴼⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ, ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵛⵉⵡⵏ/ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵉⵏ.
thumb|ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⴳ 1845.

## ⵓⵏⵣⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ
ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⵎⵓⵎ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴽ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵊⵎ/ⵓⵏⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ "ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ". ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⴽⵉⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵉⵡⴰ ⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ: ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ "ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ", ⵖⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵎⴽⵓⴷ/ⵓⵄⴹⵉⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵏⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵅⵍⵡⵉⵜ" (ascétisme) ⴷ ⵉⵔⴼⵙⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⵍⵣ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵛⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⴽⵉⵜ(ⵉⵎⴰⵏ) ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴽⴽⵉ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵥⵓⴹ, ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵛⵓⴱⵏⵀⴰⵡⵔ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵥⵕⵕⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵏⵊⵎ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴷⴷⵉⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵊⵎ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵖⴰⵍⵜ.

## ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

* ⴽⵓ ⴰⵎⵊⵊⴰⵔⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵖ ⴰⴱⵅⵅⵓⵢ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵔ ⵥⴹⵉⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓⵏ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ.
* ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵅⴰⵚⵚⴰⵏ.
* ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰ.
* ⵜⴰⴱⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ, ⴽⵓ ⴷⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵜ ⴰ ⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⴼⴰⴷ/ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉ; ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ.
* ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴹⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵓⵖⵜ.
* ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎⴷ ⵜⴼⵉⵙⵙⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵖⵓⵔⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔⴷ. 
* ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵖⵍⵏ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵖⵕⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⴽⵓⵛⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴰⵡ.
* ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵖⵉⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴼⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ.

* ⴽⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ.
* ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⵉⴷ ⵜⴳⵉⴷ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ.
* ⵜⵉⴳⵓⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.
* ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⵏⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵖⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵕⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

* ⴼⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵉⴽ ⵏⵉⵜⵛⴰ
* ⵜⴰⵥⵕⵢⴰⵣⵜ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ