open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵙ (2023)

**ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵙ** ⵏⵖ **ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⴷ ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙⵟⵉⵏ**, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴽⵔⵔⴰⴷ ⴳⵔ ⵖⴰⵣⵣⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵉⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵣⴳ 7 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⵏ 2023.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵉⵢⴽⵔⴽⴰⵔ

**ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵉⵢⴽⵔⴽⴰⵔ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953 ⵖ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵎⵉⵎⵓ ⵖ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ. ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993 ⴳ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵙⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵡⵔ ⵎⴰⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵙ ⵍⵄⵕⴱⵉ ⴰⵜⵏⴰⵏ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵛⵉⵏ

**ⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵛⵉⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ: *Анто́н Ви́кторович Ельчи́н, Anton Viktorovitch Ieltchine*) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 11 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1989 ⴳ ⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵉⵜⵉⵔⵙⴱⵓⵔⴳ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 19 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2016 ⴳ ⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⵊⵉⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.

ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵣⴳ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴼⴰ ⴷⵓⴳ (2006) ⴷ ⵛⴰⵕⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵔⵜⵍⵉⵜ (2007) ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴼⵉⵍ ⵜⵛⵉⴽⵓⴼ ⴳ ⴰⵔⵉⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⵔⵉⴽ (2009-2016) ⵙ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵢ. ⵊⵉⵢ. ⴰⴱⵔⴰⵎⵣ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵢⵍ ⵔⵉⵙ ⴳ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴰⵢⵜⵓⵔ ⵙⴰⵍⴼⴰⵢⵛⵏ (2009).

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+03:30)

**ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ +03:30** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *UTC+03:30*) , ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ "+03:30", ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2022 ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵖⵍⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+01:00)]]**
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+02:00)]]**
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+04:00)]]**
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+06:00)]]**
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+04:30)

**ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ +04:30** (ⴰⵙⴳⴷⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *UTC+04:30*) , ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ "+04:30", ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵖⵍⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+05:00)]]**
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+06:00)]]**
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+07:00)]]**
* **[[ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+08:00)]]**
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵎⴰⵡⵉ

ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵎⴰⵡⵉ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⵉⵡⵓⴷ https://aujourdhui.ma/archives/said-taghmaoui-un-marocain-a-hollywood-89494#:~:text=Sa%C3%AFd%20Taghmaoui%20est%20un%20acteur,%C3%A9tudes%20pour%20pratiquer%20la%20boxe.

**ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵎⴰⵡⵉ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⵉⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ , ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵙ 19 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 1978 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⵓⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ . ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ .

## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ , ⴷ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵣ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ . 

ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⵃⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴱⵓⴽⵙ, ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1996 ⵉⵎⴰⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵜⵢⵓ ⴽⴰⵙⵓⴱⵉⵜⵣ **Mathieu Kassovitz'', ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ  ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ **La Haine* , ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ .

==ⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ==
ⵖⵉⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ :

*1995 ⴼⵉⵍⵎ *'la haine ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⴽⵙⴰⵏ**.

*2000 ⴼⵉⵍⵎ **ⴰⵍⵉ ⵣⴰⵡⴰ**.
*2000 ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ** ⵏⴰⵙⵢⵓⵏⴰⵍ 7**.

*2021 ⴼⵉⵍⵎ **ⴰⵎⵏⵖⵓⴱⵓ**.

==ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ==
*ⴰⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⴳ ⴰⵍⵎⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ 2009.
*ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ **ⴰⴽⵙⴰⵏ''' 1996 https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-3418/biographie/.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
1 https://aujourdhui.ma/archives/said-taghmaoui-un-marocain-a-hollywood-89494#:~:text=Sa%C3%AFd%20Taghmaoui%20est%20un%20acteur,%C3%A9tudes%20pour%20pratiquer%20la%20boxe.

2 https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-3418/biographie/
ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ

**ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⴱⵔⵉⵜ תל אביב = ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ. ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴰⵣⵡⵍ ⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⴰⵍⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵓⵔⵛⴰⵍⵉⵎ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ-ⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⴼⴼⴰ, ⴰⵎⴰⴼⴼⴰⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ

ⵉⵙⵎ

ⵜⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵄⴱⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ", ⴰⴱⵉⴱ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵡ ⵏⵙ ⴷ "ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ" : "ⵜⴰⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ". ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ-ⵉⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵃⵣⵇⵍ (ⵥⵣⵥⵛⵀⵉⵍ) 3:15. ⵟⴰⴼ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⵃⴰⵢⴼⴰ ⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ .
## ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ, ⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⴳⵯⵣ ⴱⵓⵔⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓⵛ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ .
## ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵜ
ⵎⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷⵉⴽⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⴷ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴱⵓⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

thumb|ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
1 https://www.sapere.it/sapere/search.html?q1=Tel-Aviv

2 https://www.lesechos.fr/2018/04/a-soixante-dix-ans-israel-affiche-une-economie-a-deux-vitesses-971216
ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵓⵍⴰⵢ

**ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵓⵍⴰⵢ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: *André azoulay*) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⵏⴼⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ. ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1941 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ.

## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵉ ⴰⵣⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵏ , ⵉⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵍⵃⵏⵚⴰⵍⵉ ,ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ, ⵙⴳ 1996 ⵉⵡⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⴰⵜⵢⴰ ⴱⵔⴰⵎⵉ , ⵉⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⴽⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ : ⴰⵏⴷⵖⵉ , ⵚⴰⴱⵔⵉⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵎⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⵙⴳ 2017 https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2014/06/11/03002-20140611ARTFIG00233-audrey-azoulay-nouvelle-combattante-culturelle-du-president.php.

## ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
1 https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2014/06/11/03002-20140611ARTFIG00233-audrey-azoulay-nouvelle-combattante-culturelle-du-president.php
ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ

thumb|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ|250px**ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ** (10 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1909 - 26 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1961) ⴰⵏⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴳⵔ 1927-1957 (ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 2 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵛⴽⵉ 1953-1955), ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴳⵔ 1957-1961 ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵣⵉ ⵙ  ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ.
ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵉⴱⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵉⴳⴰⵡⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴼ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1927.

ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴹⵕⵉ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ, ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙ  ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵜⵜ ⴰⵣⵏⵏ ⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵎⴰⴷⴰⴳⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ. ⴷ ⵣⴳ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⴼ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵖⴷ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴰⴷⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵔⵔⵉ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 16 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1955 ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ
* ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ
* ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵜ

**ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵜ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⴳ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵙ 55 ⴽⵎ .ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵙ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵣⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵉⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵖⴰⵏⵎ , ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵜ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 8020 .
## ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ


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   from:0 till:8357 width:25 text:8357 textcolor: black fontsize:8px
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* ⵖⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵙⴰ ⵏⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵓⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵏ.
### ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡⵜ
ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⵡⵉⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ, ⵣⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵏⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ, ⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵙⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵢⵏⴰⵙ.

ⴳ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ  ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵉⵃⵉⵍ ⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵓⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⴼⴼⵉⵖⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ . ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ .

ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵓⵔⵜⴰ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵉⵍⴽⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ .

### ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵍⵉⵜ

* ⵍⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵟⵟⴰⵡⵚ 
* ⴰⵎⴳⵔⵓⴷ ⵟⵟⴰⵢⵉⴱ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
1- https://web.archive.org/web/20240321172726/https://lmeghrib.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA/
ⴰⴼⴰⴷⴰⵔ (ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵜⵍⴼⴰⵣ)

**

**ⴰⴼⴰⴷⴰⵔ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵜⵍⴼⴰⵣ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵙ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ ⵣⵉⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⴷⴰⴽⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖ ⵕⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ 1445 ⴷ ⵖ 28 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2974. ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵛⴰⵢⵎⴰ ⵍⵄⵍⵍⴰⵡⵉ, ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴰⵔⵙⵉ, ⵛⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴽⵔⵟⵉⵟ, ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵣⵉⵏⵓⵏ, ⵀⵓⵢⴰⵎ ⵍⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰ.

## ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ

### ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵣⴰ

* ⵛⴰⵢⵎⴰ ⵍⵄⵍⵍⴰⵡⵉ
* ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴰⵔⵙⵉ
* ⵛⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴽⵔⵟⵉⵟ
* ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵣⵉⵏⵓⵏ
* ⵀⵓⵢⴰⵎ ⵍⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵉ

### ⴰⵡⴷ

* ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏⵙⵄⵉⴷ
* ⵙⴰⵎⵉⵔ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵍⵓⵃⵉ
* ⵙⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰ ⵣⵢⴰⵏⵉ
* ⵟⴰⵔⵉⵇ ⵛⵛⴰⵎⵉ
* ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵃⴷ ⵣⴰⵡⴳⵉ
* ⵎⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵍⵓⵏⴷⴰ
* ⵔⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵄⵟⵓⴳ
* ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
* ⵡⴰⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ
* ⴱⵏⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵜⵉⵔⵉ
* ⵉⴽⵔⴰⵎ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⴰⵣⵉ
* ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵍⵟⴰⵏⴰ
* ⴼⴰⵜⵉⵃⴰ ⴱⵍⵅⵉⵔ
* ⵄⴷⵏⴰⵏ ⵕⴰⵛⴷⵉ
* ⴼⴰⵕⵓⵇ ⴰⵣⵏⴰⴱⵟ
* ⵀⵓⴷⴰ ⴰⴱⵄⵉⵔ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ

**ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵛ ⵓⵏⴰⵖⵉⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵣⴳ ⴰⴷⵡⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⵉⵍⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⴱⵓⵙⵙⵍⴰⵎ" ⴷ ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ "ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ" ⵙ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

## ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

### ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ

* ⴱⵓⵙⵙⵍⴰⵎ (2015)
* ⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴷⴰ

### ⵉⵙⴷⴷⵉⵢⵜⵏ

* ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ (2021-2024)
* ⵙⴰⵎⵃⵉⵢⵉ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ (2021)
* ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ (2019)

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵉⴷⵣⵉ

**ⵜⵉⴷⵣⵉ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ, ⵅⴼ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ . ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴳⵓⴳ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵙ 30 ⴽⵎ , ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ 145ⴽⵎ .ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵙⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ [ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵏ|ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ] ⴷ *ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵔⵜ*

## ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ

ImageSize = width:220 height:220
PlotArea = left:70 right:40 top:20 bottom:20
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
  id:gray1 value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:15000
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:gray1
PlotData =
  bar:1994 color:gray1 width:1 
   from:0 till:5146 width:25 text:5146 textcolor:red  fontsize:8px
  bar:2004 color:green width:1 
   from:0 till:4769 width:25 text:4769 textcolor:red  fontsize:8px
1982

ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ **1982** ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ 2932. ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1980, ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20, ⴷ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵏⵉⴼⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ, ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵎⵡⴰⵙ.

## ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ

### ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ

* 7 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ - ⵊⵉⴼⴼ ⵔⵓⵙⵉⵏⵙⵜⵓⴽ

### ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ

* ⵙⵓⵄⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (-03:30)

**ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ** (ⴰⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *UTC-03:30*) , ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵎⵓ ⴽⴽⵙ ⵏⵜ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ "-03:30", ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵖⵍⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (-01:00)
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (-02:00)
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (-04:00)
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (-06:00)
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ

thumb|ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ
**ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⵃⵉⴷ  ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ .

ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵔⴰⵏ.

ⵉⴼⵔⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⴰⵜ , ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷ ⴰⴷ , ⴰⴷⵓⵅⵍ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ .

ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼ, ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵉⵣⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵓⵙⵙⵔⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵎⵎⵓⵢⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵏⵣⵎⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵏⴽⴽⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵙⵉⵙⵉ  ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⵙⴰⵏⵜ  ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ  ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ  ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵜⴰⵍ .

## ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍ ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ.
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
***ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]](ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)
ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⴼⵉ

**ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⴼⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: *Tassousfi*) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ, ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 6724 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷ 1390 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2964/2014.

## ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ
## ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ
## ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ
## ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ
## ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ
## ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ
## ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ
## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

* 
* 
* 
* 
*
ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ

**ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⴷⵔⵎ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ.
## ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵜⴹⴼⵕ ⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵢⵜ ⴰⵙⴰⵡⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵉⵕⵡⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ.

ⵓⵔ ⵜⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ. ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴽⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⴷⴰⴽⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⴳ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⵍⴼ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ.

ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ , ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵎ :**ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⴷⴰⴽⵜⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ [[ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ|ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ]].**
ⵜⵓⵎⵥ **ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵡ** ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴱⵔⴰⴱⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴱⵓⵔⵖ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1992 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴹⴼⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ .
ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵎⵉ ,ⴰⵙⵉⴷⵍⴼ , ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏⵏ.

## ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ

* ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ: ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ, ⴰⵏⴰⵡ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

* ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.
* ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ 1-2-3-4-5-6
* ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵓⵙⵜ: ⵉⴽⴼⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ

**ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ** ⵏⵖ **ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵜ** ⵏⵖ **ⵜⴰⵊⴷⵉⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ:*الحسيمة*), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵉⵎ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ ⵙ 291ⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴷⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⴷ 205ⴽⵎ ⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ, ⵜⵏⵓⴷⴰⴷ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵓⴷⴰⵔⴰⵎ (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ, ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵊⵊⴱⵀⴰ) ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ (ⵎⵉⴹⴰⵔ, ⴷⵔⵉⵡⵛ, ⵏⴰⴹⵓⵕ, ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ).
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⴱⵇⵓⵢⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴱⴰⴷⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵇⵇⵓⵢⴰⵙ. ⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵣⵓⵔⵏ, ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ ⴷ ⵓⵊⴷⵉⵔ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
## ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ
## ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ
### ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ
## ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ
## ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ

## ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ
## ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ
## ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
*ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ
*ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ
*ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ

**ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 22 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ. ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ.

## ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ
ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⴽ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⵢⵓⴷⴰ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵖ ⵏⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵔⵏⵓ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏⵍⴽⵎ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 8 ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⴳⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ. ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵖⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵥⵎⵕⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵔ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.

ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⴰⴽⵏ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵃⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵙⴰⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵅⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵏⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵜⵇⵇⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ.

ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴱⵓⵄⵢⵢⴰⵛ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ  ⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⵙⵓⵍⵏ, ⵉ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ. ⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵙ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⴰⵢⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ "ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ" ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴳⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵍⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ. 

## ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ

## ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ
[thumb|244x244px|ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵏ [ⴽⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⵙ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵖ 2011]]

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ (ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ)

**ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ** (ⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵖⵉⵏⵜ: *دائرة تالوين*), ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵥⴰⵢⵕⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ 15 ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ,ⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ 105.200 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2954/2014 ⴷ 16474 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 576 ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ. .

## ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⵡⵣⵉⵡⵏ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴰⵙ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵉ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⴼⵏⵓⵜ (ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)|ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⴼⵏⵓⵜ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⵓⴱⵇⴰⵍ (ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)|ⵜⵓⴱⵇⴰⵍ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵢⵢⴰⵍⵜ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵣⴰⴳⵎⵓⵣⵏ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴽⴰⵡⵏ (ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)|ⴰⵙⴽⴰⵡⵏ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵉ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵉⵏ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵥⵕⴰⵕ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵎⵍⵍⵓⵍ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵃⵙⴰⵢⵏ|ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵃⵙⴰⵢⵏ]]
* ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵜ
** ⵉⵎⵉⵏⵓⴳⵏⵉ
** ⴷⴷⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ
** ⴰⴳⵯⴷⴰⵍ
* ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ
* ⵉⵖⵉⵔ
* ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ
* ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ
* ⴰⵢⵜ ⵕⵃⵓ
* ⵉⴼⵔⵉ
* ⵜⵉⵎⵕⵙⵉⵜ (ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ)
* ⵉⵎⵖⵉⴹ
* ⴰⴳⵯⵕⴹ
* ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵉ
* ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵍⵜ
* ⵎⵉⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ
* ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵏⵜ
* ⵜⴰⵚⵔⵏⵜ
* ⴳⵓⵏⵏⵉⵢⵏ
* ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ
* ⴰⵖⴳⵓⵎⵎⵉ
* ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏ
* ⵉⵖⵕⵉ

### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵙ]]
* ..
### ⵉⴹⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⴼⵉ]]
* ..

## ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ
## ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ
## ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ
## ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ
## ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ
## ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ
## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ
* ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵔⵔⵃⵉⵍ
* ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ
* ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⴰ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

* 
* 
* 
* 
*
ⵜⵉⵍⵇⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵛⴰⵏ

**ⵜⵉⵍⵇⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵛⴰⵏ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵄⵛⴱⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵓⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵓⵏⵙ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵍ. ⴰⵊⴷⵉⴳⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵣⵔⵇⵉⵢ.

ⵎⴰⵔⴽⴰ ⴰⴱⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉ: *Borago officinalis*.

## ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⴷ ⴰⵊⴷⵉⴳⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵜⴰⵢ. 

ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵜⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵅⵛⴰⵏ.


Bourace 4 foyes.jpg
Bourace boton d' fleur.jpg
Pwels botons bourace.jpg
Fleur bourace noer fond.jpg
Fleur et florifoyes di bourace.jpg
Rodje fleur bourace.jpg
Pwels montant bourace.jpg
Bourace buk.jpg
Trawé buk bourace.jpg


## ⵖ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ
ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⴰ.


Moxhe al låme fleur bourace.jpg 
Bourace et moxhe al låme.jpg


## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ

**ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ** ⵏⵖ **ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵛⵓⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵟⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ.

ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵣⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⵉ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ , ⵏⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ .

## ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ
ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⴽⴰⵕ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴼⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵕⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵖⴼ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ.

## ⵉⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ

**ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ** ⵜⵥⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⴳⵔⴰ ⵜ ⵏⵙⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ , ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ (ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ), ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ(ⴱⵓⵍⵉⵙ).
thumb|ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ
thumb|ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵎ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ
ⵜⴰⵥⵓⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴰⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍ , ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⵍ , ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ . ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ

ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ , ⵎⴰⵛ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵔⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⴱⵔⴷ ⵙⵍⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵎⵏⴽ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴱⴹⴹⵓ ⵉⵙⵖⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴹⵉ .
## ⵥⵕ
ⴰⵣⵔⴼ.

ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ.

ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ.

ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ.
ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

thumb|ⵜⴰⵥⵓⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ
**ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ  ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵍⵟⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⵣⵔⴼ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ. ⵀⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ:

### ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ

ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ (2011) ⴳ ⵓⴳⵟⵟⵓⵎ 107 ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⴼ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⵉⵕ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵟⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ.

### ⵉⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⴼⵜ

ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ:

*ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ (CSPJ): ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼⵏ, ⴰⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵜⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵚⵎⴹ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼ.

*ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⴹ: ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵙⵥⵕⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ.

*ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⵔⵓⵔ: ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵜⵔⵓⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.

*ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ: ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵣⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ.
*ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵉⴽⵉⵏ:ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ.

### ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ

*ⴰⵙⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.

* ⴰⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ.

*ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

*ⴰⵙⵙⵥⵕⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵕⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⵡⴰⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕⵏ.

*ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼ:
ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ (2017), ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵖⵔⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵍⵟⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⴼⵜ.

**ⵜⴰⴱⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ  ⴳ ⵉⴽⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⴰⵛⴽⴰⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵜ.ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢ ⴱⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ. ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ .
## ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⴳⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ :
* ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ.
* ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ.
* ⴰⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ.
* ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴽⵛⵉⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ.

## ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

* ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ

**ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: Cour internationale de Justice) ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ** ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵔⴽ **ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1945 ⵜⵙⵉⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏ , ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ** ⵍⴰⵀⴰⵢ ** ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵏⴼⵙⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴽⴰⴹⵜ .
ⵟⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴽⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵛⴰⵡⴰⵕ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ , ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 15 ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⴰ .
## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵉⵃⵉⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⵡⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵎⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵜⵔ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰ 14 ⴰⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ
ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⴽⵓ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ . ⵙⴳ 1945 ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ
ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵍⴰⵀⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ: 
* ⵟⴰⴼ ⵣⵉ ⵔⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ.
* ⵜⵉⵎⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏ.
* ⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵓⴼⴰⵍⴷ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⴷ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵙ .
## ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ
thumb|ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ
ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵣⵍⵉⵏ , ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵙⵎⵓⵇⵓⵍⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ .
## ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ

ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵡⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ :
* ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⴰ.
* ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ
* ⵉⵍⵍⴰ 15 ⵉⵏⴱⴹⴰ .
## ⵥⵕ
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ

**ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ , ⵉⵟⴰⴼ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⵔⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴳⴰⵎ.
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴱⵉⵣⴰⵏⵜⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵉⴳⵯⵓⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⴹⴼⵓⵕⵜⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ), ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵍⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⵜ ⵏⴰⴼ ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ . ⴷ ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵉⵜⵓⵣⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ.
## ⵉⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵙ

## ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏⴰⴱⵓⵍⵢⵓⵏ

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⵉⵍⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⵙⴰ

**ⵙⵉⵍⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⵙⴰ** (*8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1947 – 23 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2024*) ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉⵜ. ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⵖ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⴰⴳⵏⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵣⴳ 1966. ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵙⵉⵍⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵓⵙⴰ ⵙ ⴰⴽⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼ ⴳ 23 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2024, ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ 77.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

## ⵉⵙⵍⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ

*  ⴳ IMDb
ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ

thumb|ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴷⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ
**ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ** ⵏⵖⴷ **ⴰⵡⵍⴰⵏ**, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴳⴳⵔⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵛⵓⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ. ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵜ ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵏ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ

[thumb|[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ, ⵄⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵔⴷⵓⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ]]
**ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵊⴷⴷⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰ, ⵜⴰⵍⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵛⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⵍⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵊⴷⴷⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⵜⵜⴰⵏ. ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵜ ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ

**ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ** (ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 1969 ⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵙⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. 

## ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

### ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ

* ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⴰ (2006)
* ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ (2009)
* ⵥⵕⴰⵢⴼⴰ (2010)
* ⵡⴰⴽ ⵡⴰⴽ ⴰⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ (2011)
* ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵙ
* ⵉⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ
* ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴼⵇⵇⵉⵔⵜ
* ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ
* ⴱⵓⵣⵏⴱⵉⵍ
* ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ
* ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵇⵕⵕⴰⵏ
* ⴱⴰⵀⵉⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ
* ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ
* ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵍⴰⵢ

### ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ

* ⵜⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ - ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⵃⵏⵏⵓⴹⵉ
* ⴰⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ - ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ (2020)
* ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ - ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ (2021-2024)

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴷⵢⴰⵣ

**ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵇⴰⴷⵔ ⴷⵢⴰⵣ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ: *Brahim Díaz*; ⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 3 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1999) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 23  ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2024 ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵎⴳⵍ ⴰⵏⴳⵓⵍⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙ 1-0.

## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴳⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵉⵙⵜⵔ ⵙⵉⵜⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2017, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019. ⴳ 2021, ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⴳ 2024, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⴷⵢⴰⵣ

**ⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵙⴱⵏⵙⵔ** (ⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 7 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1982, ⴱⵡⵉⵔⵜⵓ ⴼⴰⵍⴰⵔⵜⴰ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⴰⵢ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽⵉ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

## ⵉⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ

* ⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴳ IMDb
ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴳⵔⴰⵎ

**ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴳⵔⴰⵎ***Telegram*) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵟⵍ. ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ, ⵏⵖⵔ ⵉ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⴷⵢⵓ ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ, ⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ. ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵖ 2013, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ 500 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴳⵔⴰⵎ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

* ⴼⴰⵢⵙⴱⵓⴽ ⵎⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ
* ⵡⴰⵟⵚⴰⴱⴱ
* ⴷⵉⵙⴽⵓⵔⴷ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ

**ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏ , ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍⴷ ⵎⴰⵎⵏⴽ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵙ. ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵎⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵎⵏⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴽⵓ ⵓⵊⵎⵉⵍ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏⵙ ⴰⴳⵓⵏⵙⴰⵏ.

## ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵍⵜ
ⵉⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴼⴼⵖⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ , ⵜⴹⴼⵓⵕⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⴼⵙⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ.

## ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ
ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵜⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ, ⵙ ⵖⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴳⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ.

## ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵏ
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵙ.
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢ .
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵙ ⵣⵔⴱ .
* ⵜⴰⵍⵓⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ.
## ⵥⵕ

* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏ
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
* ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵀⴰⵜⵉⴽⴼⴰ

**ⵀⴰⵜⵉⴽⴼⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ: *הַתִּקְוָה/Hatikva*, ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: *ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ*) ⴷ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵣⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1948.

## ⵙⵍⵍ
\relative c' { a8 b c d e4 e f8 e f a e2 d4 d8 d c4 c b8 a b c a4 e a8 b c d e4 e f8 e f a e2 d4 d8 d c4 c b8 a b c a2 a4 a' a a g8. a16 g8 f e2 a,4 a' a a g8. a16 g8 f e2 g4 g8 g c,4 c d8 e f g e4 d8 c d4 d c c b8 a b c a2 d4 d8 d c4 c d8 e f g e4 d8 c d4 d8 d c4 c b8 a b c a2}

## ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ
ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ

**ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ**ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴱⴰⵢⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴱⴱⵍ. ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⴱⴰⵢⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵖⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵓⵡ ⵉⵙ. ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⴱⴰⵢⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⴰⵖⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴱⴱⵍ "ⵙⵜⵉⴼ ⵊⵓⴱⵣ" ⴰⵍⵖⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴱⴰⵢⵍ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 9 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2007. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 1 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2018, ⵉⵏⵣⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 2.2 ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2022, ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ 2 ⵉⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
*ⴰⴱⴱⵍ ⴼⵉⵊⵏ ⴱⵕⵓ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵟⴰ

**ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵟⴰ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵟⴰⵟⴰ, ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 117.841 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷ 22.359 ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2974/2014.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵟⴰⵟⴰ

**ⵟⴰⵟⴰ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 2014, ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⴳⴷ 18 611 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ. 

## ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰ
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2014 ⵎⴰⵙ:

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ

* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ (ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ) : 22,5%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵉ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ : 24,2%

### ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ : 40,2%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ (ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ) : 18,8%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵅⵣⵏ (ⵏⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵓⵢⵏ) : 45,5%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵡⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ (ⵏⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵓⵢⵏ) : 22,8%

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ

**ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ** ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴽⵓⵏⴷⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⵉⵣ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵙ ⵓⵇⵎⵎⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵉⵜⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⵉⵔⵄ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ «Libertad y Orden», ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ. 

## ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ
ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴽⵓⵏⴷⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⵉⵣ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰ, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵙ ⵓⵇⵎⵎⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵉⵜⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⵉⵔⵄ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ «Libertad y Orden» (*ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⴹ*), ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ. 

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵛⴰⴽⵉⵔⴰ

**ⵛⴰⴽⵉⵔⴰ ⵉⵣⴰⴱⵉⵍ ⵎⵉⴱⴰⵔⴰⴽ ⵔⵉⴱⵓⵍ** (ⵜⵍⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 2 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 1977) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵉⵜ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⴽⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ. ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⴰⵣⵎⵎ ⴹⵓⵕⵜ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵟⵟⴰⴼ 13 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵏⵉ ⵎⵢⵓⵣⵉⴽ ⵓⵏⵜⵔⵜⵉⵏⵎⵏⵜ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵙⴽⵯⵜⴰⵏ

**ⵉⵙⴽⵯⵜⴰⵏ** ( ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *Isktane*, ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: *iskⵯtan*),  ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵚⵎⵓⴷⵜ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⵜ, ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ (ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴷⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ) ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⴰⵡⵣⴳⵉⵜ (ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⵉ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵉ) ⴷ  ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵣⵉⵡⵏ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⴰⵡⵣⴰⵍ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ

**ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ** ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ" ⵙⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ (universitas magistrorum et scholarium), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽⵏ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ «ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏ». ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ (ⵍⵉⵚⵓⵏⵚ/ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ) ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵜⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵀⵉⴱⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⴳ 1088, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⴷ: 

* ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ. 
* ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ (universitas) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 
* ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ - ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ - ⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴽⵢⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵎ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

## ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ

## ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⴷⴰ ⵓ ⴽⴰⵣⵣⵓ

**ⵉⴷⴰ ⵓ ⴽⴰⵣⵣⵓ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵃⴰⵃⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⵙⴼⵉ, ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ 5,182 ⵣⴳ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰ ⵏ 2014.

## ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰ
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2014 ⵎⴰⵙ:

### ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ

* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵜ: 58,5%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ): 1,7%

### ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ: 33,3%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⵓⵔⵉ: 14,7%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ: 3,8%
* ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ: 42,5%

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵏⵔⴳⵉ

**ⴰⵏⵔⴳⵉ** ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⴹⴹⵛⵕ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ-ⵅⵏⵉⴼⵔⴰ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ 2004 ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵖⵔ 3362 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

* 
* 
* 
* 
*
ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ

**ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ** :(ⵙ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ: *Nederlands*) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵊ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵍⵍⵓⵙⵉⵏ (*Koninkrijk der Nederlanden* ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ) ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ, ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ: ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⴱⵏⵏⵣⵏ (ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ) ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ,  ⴷ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⴽⴰⵔⵢⵉⴱⵉ: ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⵢⵉⴱⵉ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴱⵜ ⵉⵙⵡⵜⵜⴰⵜⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ, ⴷ  ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ ⴽ ⵓⵏⵣⵓⵍ , ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵇⴰⵔ . ⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ, ⵍⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴻⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⵉⵔⴷⴰⵎ.ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰⵇ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⵍⴰⵀⴰⵢ. ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵜⵔⴷⴰⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵊⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1962 ⴰⵔ 2004. ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵄⵜ ⵏⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵍⵍⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ

**ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ**  (ⴰⵡⵜⵎ:  ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ) ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴹⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ  ⵏⵉⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ

**ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ**: (ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ: *lδημοκρατία dēmokratía* ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ: «*ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏ*») ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴷⴷⵉ - ⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵜⵙ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ, ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵓⵍⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵉⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ.ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ  ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⴼⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⵕⴹⵉ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⴽⴰⵍ  ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵉⵖ  ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ. ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵙⵏⵄⴰⵜ ⵉⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴱⵣⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ. ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵊⴳⵓⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⴽ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⴹⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ .

## ⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ

## ⵜⵉⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ
* ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ
ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ

**ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ**:  ⵏⵉⵖ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵜⵓⵔ, ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵓⵍ . ⵓⵣⵣⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ  ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵊⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ.ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ , ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ : ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⴳⵏⴰⵜⵉⵙ (ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵚⵓⵍⵜ) ,ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉ ⴷ ⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ . ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓ  ⵊⴰⵔ ⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ ⴰⴳⵊⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ 1900 ⴽⵎ ,ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵏⴼⵍ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ  ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵉⴳⴰⵏⴰⵜⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴰⵔⵉⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⴳⵏⴰⵜⵉⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵊⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵙ ⴳ 25000 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ . ⴷⵖⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵙⵏ ⵙ  0.8 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍ

**ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍ**  ⵉⴳⴳⴰ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴳⴳⵓⵥ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵡⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵣⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵙ >

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ

**ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ** ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⴽⵥ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵉⴱⴽⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⵕⵓⵍⵜ.ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ . ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ .

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ

ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⵏⵉⵖ  ⵜⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ , ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⵕⵓⵍⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ: ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ,ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍ,ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ .ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⵄⴰⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ N,S,E,W . ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ 90 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ. 

## ⵥⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ

* ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ
* ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍ
* ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ
* ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ

**ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ** ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵉⴱⴽⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⵚⵓⵍⵜ . ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ  

## ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ?
ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ ⵉⴷⴰ ⵖⴰ ⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ.


Anuti divant Demnate.jpg
Sordjoû anuti Jbel Xheder.jpg


## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ

**ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: Coupe d'Afrique des Nations), ⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ **ⴽⴰⵏ** ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⵉⵔⵊⵉⵣ ⴰⵎⴽⵙⴰ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵏⵙ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
18 (ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ)

18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ 17 ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔ ⵉ 19.

## ⴰⵎⵎⵔⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ

## ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ

## ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ

## ⵥⵔ ⴰⵡⴷ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ

**ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ: *Drapeau Français*) ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴽⵙⵉ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴳ 5 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 1848.

## ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ
ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ (3) ⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ:
* ⴰⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍ
* ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍ
* ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ
ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ codes ⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

## ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ

* ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ

alt=|right|250x250px|'''ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵖⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ'''
**ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ**  ⵏⵖ **ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⵜ**/ **ⵜⴰⵖⴷⵎⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *Justice*) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⵏ  ⴰⵔⴰⵡⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴹ  ⵉ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵓⵇⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵯⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵓⵔⴰⴼ ⵏⵖ ⴹⵍⵎ  ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ.
ⵙ **ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ** ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ,  ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ  ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵜ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ .

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵉⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵙⵏⵜ , ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵢ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵊⴷⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴼⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵛⵏⵓⴱⵛ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ .
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ 
ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉⵅ ⵉⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ ,ⴰⵎ ⴰⴼⵍⴰⵟⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵥⵓⵍⵜ  ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵙⵡⵔ ⵉⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵙ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ(ⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⴽ).
ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ
ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵙ  ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ  , ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ  ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵙⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ . ⴷ ⵉⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ  ,ⴽⵓ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴱⴹⵉ  ⴷⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ  ⵓⴹⴽⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ .ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ  ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ , ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⵊⴰ ,ⵉⵡⵓⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⴰⵏ. 
## ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⴰⵔⴼⵓⵜ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ

ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵣⵔⴼⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⵜ ,ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵏⴼⵓⵍ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ  , ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴼ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵍⵉⵏ .ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜ ,ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵉ,ⴰⴽⴰⵎ ⵅⴼ ⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ.

ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵙ, ⴰⵎⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵟⵟⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵕⴱⵄⵉⵏ  ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⵛⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ  ⵜⴰⵙⵙⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ  ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵀⵢⵢⵓⴼ .

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ
* ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱ

alt=Accarias_de_Sérionne_-_Intérêts_des_nations_de_l'Europe,_dévélopés_relativement_au_commerce,_1766_-_5790093|394x394px|thumb**ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱ** ⵏⵖ **ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵏⵣⵉ **ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ
ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴱⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴷⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ,ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ, ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ, ⴳ ⵉⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱⵜ .
## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ , ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵎⵓⵕⴰⴱⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ , ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵣⵉⵣⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1807 ⴳ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⴱ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ .
## ⵥⵕ ⵓⵍⴰ

* ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ
* ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ

thumb
thumb**ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵏⵀⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵀⴰⵕⵓⵍⴷ ⵍⴰⵙⵡⵉⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ . ⵉⵎⴰⵕⴽⵙⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵇⵓⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⴰⵜⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵜⵏ , ⵉⴱⴹⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔ  ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵎⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵜⵉⵢⵏ , ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴽⵉⴹⵏ .

ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵜⴰⵢ  ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ  ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵉⵏ  ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

## ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ

* **ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ** : ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ , ⴽⵓ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⵜⵜⴳ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
* **ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ** : ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴱⴰ ⵉ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ 2010 , ⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵎ ⵅⴼ  ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
thumb|ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ

ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⵉ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴹⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴱⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ , ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ  ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵊⴰⵀⴷⵉⵏ  ⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴹⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ , ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ  ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⵣⵉⵣⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴽⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ  ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵉⵏ  ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵏⴷⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵔⴽⴰ

**ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵏⴷⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ: Departamento de Cundinamarca) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵔ 22.623 ⴰⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵟⵕ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ 3.242.999 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2020. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵏⴷⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⴳⵓⵜⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 5 ⵖⵓⵛⵜ 1886.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ

thumb|320x320px|ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ**ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ** ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ , ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵛⴰⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴳⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ .
## ⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ
ⵉⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ 19 , ⵉⴱⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ **ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵓⴼⴰ**, ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⴱⴷⵔⵏ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵙ **ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ** ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1999.

* ⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ:

ⴳ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ 674 ⵏ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ:

*ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⴳⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ     ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ *.

## ⵉⵙⴽⵏⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ
**ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ**: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ .

**ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴰⴷ**: ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ.

**ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰⵡⵜ:** ⴰⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ.

**ⵜⵉⵣⵉ:** ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ.
## ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ
* ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ
* ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵕⵥⴰⵎⵜ
* ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ

[thumb|[ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ|ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ]]
**ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⴷⵏ ⴱⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍ, ⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷⴰ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵔ. ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵏⵄⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵇⵏⴻⵏ ⴰⴼⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵖⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵓⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ

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**ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: Statue of Liberty) ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵙ ⵇⴰⵃ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ *ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ* (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ *Liberty Enlightening The World*).

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵥⵜ

**ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵥⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *Leap Second*) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *UT*) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵢⴰⵥ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴼⵏⵓⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *UTC*) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

## ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ
* ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜ
* ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵥ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+11:00)

**ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ +11:00** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *UTC+11:00*) , ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵉⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵙ 11 ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵖⵍⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ.

## ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+10:30)
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+12:00)
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+12:45)
* ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ (+13:00)
## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ

[thumb|ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ [ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ|ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ  ⴷ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵉⵅⵎⵓⵛⵏ, ⵉ ⵙⵓⵜⵓⵏ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ.]]

**ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏ** ⵏⵖ ⴷ **ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ** ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⴽⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ  ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵉⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍⵏ (ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳⵏ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ...).

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ

**ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ: *Tirona*;  *)* ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ. ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵖⵏⵣⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ. ⵜⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1614 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵏⵉⵕⴰⵍ ⵙⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⴳⵊⵉⵏⵉ. ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵏⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵊⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ. ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰⵜ ⴽⵉ ⵉⴼ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ, ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⴳ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ.

## ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ
* ⴷⵓⵔⴰⵙⵉ
* ⴼⵢⵉⵔ

## ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ
thumb|258x258px|ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵍⵥⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ 1955

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵣⵣⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵣⵣⴰⵀⵉⵔⵉ

**ⵣⵣⴰⵀⵢⴰ ⵣⵣⴰⵀⵉⵔⵉ** (ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⴰ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2002 ⵖ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⴷⴷⵓⵊ. 

## ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

### ⴰⵙⵎⵢⴰ

* ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵎⴰⵏ
* ⵙⴰⵎⵃⵉⵢⵉ ⴰⵢⵡⵉ ⵃⵏⵏⴰ
* ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽ
* ⵜⵉⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷⴰⵢⵏ
* ⵍⴽⵓⵏⵟⵕⴰ
* ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰⵙ - 2022
* ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ - ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵎⵚⵟⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⵛⴰⵡⵓⵔ (2021-2024)

### ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ

* ⴷⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵓⵔⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ
* ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
23 (ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ)

23 (ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ) ⴷ ⵓⵎⵎⵉⴷ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ 22 ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔ ⵉ 24.

= ⴰⵎⵎⵔⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ =

= ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ =

= ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ =

= ⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⵍ =

= ⵥⵔ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ =

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵙ

**ⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵙ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ: *Durrësi)* ⵏⵖⴷ **ⴷⵓⵔⵉⵙ**, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⴰⵍⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵏⴰ ⵙ 33 ⴽⵎ. ⵜⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 627 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴳⵜⵉⴽ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵉⴷⴰⵎⵏⵓⵙ.

## ⵥⵕ ⴰⵡⴷ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵍⴷⴰⵙ

**ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵍⴷⴰⵙ** (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ: Departamento de Caldas) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⵔ 7.888 ⴰⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵟⵕ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ 998,255 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2018. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵏⴷⵉⵏⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵉⵣⴰⵍⵉⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ 1905.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ

**

**ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ** ⵏⵖ **ⵉⵎⵉⵔ** (ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵓ''ⵜ'': ''ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵏ''), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ, ⴽⵓⴷⴷ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ [[ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵕ]], [[ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ]], [[ⴰⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ]], [[ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ]], ⵜⴰⴹⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ|ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵏ]], [[ⴰⴷⴼⵍ]] ⵏⵖ [[ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵙⵜ]]. ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ|ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ]], [[ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ|ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ]], [[ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ|ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ]], ⴷ [[ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵏ|ⴰⵏⵏⵣ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵏ]].
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Bäume Jahreszeit 2013.jpg|thumb|276x276px|ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ]]

==ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ==

* **ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ**: ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷ [[ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵕ|ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ]] ⴷ ⵜⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵓⵔⵉ.

* **ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ**: ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵊⴷⴷⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰ.

* **ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ**: ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴳⴳⵔⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵖⵉ.

* **ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵏ''': ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵍⵄⵊⴰⵊ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ

**

**ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵙⵜ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵚⵎⵎⵉⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⴰⴷⴼⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵓⵔⵉ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵅⵉⵔ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢ ⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵉ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵃ ⴰⵜⵜ-ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵃⴰⵢⵙⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵔⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ.
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## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵏ

**
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Victoria Avenue - Canterbury.jpg|thumb]]
**ⴰⵎⵡⴰⵏ''' ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵟⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵍⵄⵊⴰⵊ. ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵉⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵉ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ

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**ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ** ⵏⵖ **ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏⵜ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⴰⵖⵣⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ  ⴰⴳⵓⵏⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⴷ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵙⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵏⴽ. ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵣⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵖⵣⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⴰⴳⵓⵏⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴳ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵣⵓⴳⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ.

## ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏⵜ

#### ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰ
ⴳ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵏⵙⴻⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵚⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵣⴰⴷ ,ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⴰⵏ , ⴰⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵜⵙⵏ , ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵣⵓⵛⵛⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ , ⴰⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵖⵣⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ , ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵣⴳ  ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ , ⵎⴽⵏⴰ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ 1ⴰⵔ 7 ⴳ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ.

#### [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴳ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵚⵕⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵅⵉⴼⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ , ⴰⴱⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⵣⵏ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ .

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴼⵔⴽⵓⵙ

**ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵜⵓⴽⵓⵏⴰ** ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "**ⴼⵔⴽⵓⵙ**", ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴽⵓⵙ ⵖ 1965 ⵖ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. 

## ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵎⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ:

* ⴽⵓⵔⵙⴰ (2017)
* ⵍⴼⵕⵕⵓⵊ (2016)
* R + 4 (2014)
* ⵍⵎⴰⴽⵉⵏⴰ (2010)
* ⵚⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵢⵍ (1996)

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ

**ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1998.

## ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

### ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ

* ⴰⵚⵍⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ
* ⵎⴰⵏⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ

### ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ

* ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ 4
* ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⴰⴳⵏ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⵎⵏⴷⵉⵍⵉ

**ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⵎⵏⴷⵉⵍⵉ** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1984 ⴳ ⵓⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ.

## ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

### ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵉⵏ

* ⵃⵔⴰⵣ ⵄⵡⵉⵛⴰ
* ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴱⵏⵜ ⵍⵎⵅⵜⴰⵔ
* ⵍⵇⵟⴰ ⵎⵏ ⵣⵎⴰⵏⴰ 
* ⵛⴰⵀⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵣⵔⵇⵟⵓⵎⵉ

### ⵉⵎⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ

* ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ 4
* ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ