ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍⵜ

**ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍⵜ** (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: أمناي الأمازيغي أو الهوية السرية, ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Amnay le berbère ou l'identité clandestine) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⵄⵍⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵢⵉⵔⵉⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵥⴰⵕⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2021.

## ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ

ⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⵄⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1972 ⴳ ⵉⴳⵯⵍⵎⵉⵎⵏ, ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵎⵔ. ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ. ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⴼⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵉⴷⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵜ, ⵉⵖⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵎⴰⵚⵟⵕⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵊⵓⵏⵉⴼ, ⵙⵡⵉⵙⵔⴰ, ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⴷⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵓⵣⴰⵏ, ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ. ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵏⵜⵓⵏ ⴷⵓ ⴼⵓ. ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ.

### ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ

* *ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍⵜ* (2016), ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ.

* *ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵉⵍⵉ*, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ.

## ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ

* ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ: ⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ
* ⵏⵉⵍⴰⵙⵏ: ⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵢ
* ⴰⵡⵜⵓⵍ: ⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵢ

## ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ
ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⴰⵍⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴻⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴹⵀⵕ ⵍⵎⵀⵔⴰⵣ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ  ⴹⵀⵕ ⵍⵎⵀⵔⴰⵣ, ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵕ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵍⵊⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⵎⵔ *ⴰ ⵡⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⵉⴳⵉ* , ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⵉⵥⴰⵕ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴰⵏⵣⴳⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵔⵅⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴰ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. 

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵢ_ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ_ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵏⵉⵍⴰⵙⵏ, ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ *ⴰⵢⵜ_*ⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ*_* ⴷ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴷ. ⵏⵉⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵜⵓⵍ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴰ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⴷ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⵙⵡⴰⵜⵜⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

## ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ

* ⵃⴰⵎⵉⴷ ⵜⵓⵄⵍⵉ
* ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵥⴰⵕⵓ
* ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴱⵍⵍⵄⴹⵉⵛ
* ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
* ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴹⵀⵕ ⵍⵎⵀⵔⴰⵣ

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ