ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ

thumb|220px|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
**ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ** ⵏⵖ **ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴼⵉⴷⵢⴰ** (ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ: *Wikipedia*) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.

ⵖ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2017 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ. ⵖ 2015 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵜⵛⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵔⵔⵉⴼⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵎⵢⵉⴼⵉⵢ 42 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ) ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴷⴷⵉⵇⵇⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ. ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵅⴽⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⴼ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ.

ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵄⵍⵓⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴱⵣⴰⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵚⵏⵉⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2020. ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵜⴰⵡⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⴷ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵍⵉⵛⵀⴰⵔ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵍⴼⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⵎⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⵔⵓⵄⴰⵜ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵖ 15 ⵢⴰⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ. ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙⵍⵉⵖⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2006. ⵖ 20 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵖⵓⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 2 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 700 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 190 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ.

ⵖ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006. ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 174 ⵏ ⵏⵏⵓⵙⴰⵅ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 100 ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. 51 ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 10 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 50 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ, ⵜⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⵏⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ.

ⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵖ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⵖ 14 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007. ⵖ 12 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2015 ⴳⵉⵙ 2387 ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ 4939 ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵅⴷⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵉⵏⴽⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⵔ.

### ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
thumb|ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ. ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ, ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵏ. ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 9 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2000 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵎⵉⵙ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⴱ.

## ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵔⵜ

### ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 365 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ 2009.

## ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ 291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ