ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ

**ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ** (ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ: *IUBA*; ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ: *Ἰóβας, Ἰóβα* ⵏⵖ *Ἰούβας*; ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴳⵔ 48 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴷ 23 ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ. ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵡⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵢⴰⵡⵍ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵕⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵙⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵕⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ.

## ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ
### ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵉⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ 46 ⴷⵄ, ⵉⵏⵏⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵢⴷⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ (ⴳ ⵜⴰⴱⵙⵓⵙ), ⵜⴷⵡⵍ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 40 ⴷⵄ.

ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ-ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⵏⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⵢⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 46 ⴷⵄ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏⵖ ⵙⴹⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳⵔ 52 ⴷ 50 ⴷⵄ. ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷⵡⴰⵏ ⵔⵓⵍⵔ(Duane Roller), ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵍⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ "ⵔⵓⵍⵔ" ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ *ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ* ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 48 ⴷⵄ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ "brefos" ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵎⵢⴰ. ⵉⵔⵎ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ 4 ⴷ 6 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ "pias" ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ. ⵖⴼ ⵓⵢⴰ, "ⵔⵓⵍⵔ" ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵔⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⴷ 2 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳⵔ 48 ⴷ 46 ⴷⵄ.

ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵢⵙⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ. ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ. ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⴽⵎ 20 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "Roman Archaeology" [ⵜⴰⵕⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ]. ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵢⵙⴰⵔ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴽⵜⴰⴼⵢⴰⵏ (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⴳⵓⵙⵜⵓⵙ). ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔ, ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⴷ ⵓⴽⵜⴰⵡⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵛⴱⴰⵕⵏ, ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵎⴰⵏⵎⴽ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ. ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵜⴰⵡⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵉⵖ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵜⵢⵓⵎ.

### ⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
thumb|ⵜⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ
ⴳ 30 ⴷⵄ, ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵓⴽⵜⴰⵡⵢⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ. ⵜⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵕⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⴰⵡⴳⵓⵙⵜⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵣⵣⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵀⵉⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ. ⵉⵙⴰⵙⵜⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵡⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵕⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ 26 ⴷⵄ ⴷ 20 ⴷⵄ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⵣⵣⵉⴼⵜ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ. ⴳ 25 ⴷⵄ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ (ⴰⵎⵔ ⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ) ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ, ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ.

### ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ
ⵙⴳ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⵙⵜⵔⴰⴱⵓ, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷⵜ (33 ⴷⵄ - 25 ⴷⵄ) ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏ ⴱⵓⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵕⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵡⴳⵓⵙⵜⵓⵙ ⵉ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⴳ 25 ⴷⵄ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵉ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⴷ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵔⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴽⴰⵢⵙⴰⵔⵢⴰ (ⵛⵔⵛⵍ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ) ⵅⴼ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵡⴳⵓⵙⵜⵓⵙ. ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ "ⴽⴰⵢⵙⴰⵔⵢⴰ" ⴷ "ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ" (Volubilis) ⴷⴰ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⴽⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵙⵕⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵜ.

ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2. ⵉⵙⵙⴱⵖⵙ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ, ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍ ⵜ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵜ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵏⴽⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵜ.

## ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ
thumb|ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵕⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ.

*ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵟⵓⵍⵎⵉⵜ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵔⴰ ⵙⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ (40 ⴷⵄ - 6 ⴹⵄ), ⵢⵓⵔⵓ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ:
**ⴱⵟⵓⵍⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 10 ⴷⵄ/5 ⴷⵄ.
**ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⴰⵢ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴰ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵏⵟⵓⵏⵢ ⴷ ⴽⵍⵢⵓⴱⴰⵜⵔⴰ, ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵓⵍⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ.
*ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴳⵍⴰⴼⵉⵕⴰ (Glaphyra), ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴽⴰⴱⴰⴷⵓⴽⵢⴰ (Cappadocia). ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⵕ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵕⵓⴷ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ (Herod the Great). ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵖⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵓⵣ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ. ⵜⴻⵜⴰⵀⵍ ⴳⵍⴰⴼⵉⵕⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⴳ 6 ⵏⵖ ⴷ 7 ⴹⵄ. ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵕⵓⴷ ⴰⵔⴽⵉⵍⵓⵙ (Herod Archelaus), ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵔⵓⴷ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵊⵓⴷⵢⴰ. ⵜⴼⵍ ⴳⵍⴰⴼⵢⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 7 ⴹⵄ. ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵟⵟⵉⴼ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴳⵍⴰⴼⵉⵕⴰ
## ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ
### ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ 2 ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵢⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⴳⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ, ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ, ⵜⴰⴽⵍⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ Όμοιότητες (ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵡⵓⵙⵉⵏ). ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵕⴰⴱⵢⴰ ⵉⴷⵡⵍ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵏⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ. ⵖⴰⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ.
ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳⵉⵙⵏ:

*Roman Archaeology, ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⴷⵉⵙⵏ..
*Resemblances, ⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ..
*On Painting, ⵜⴰⵎ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ..
*Theatrical History, ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ..
*The Wanderings of Hanno, ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵏⵏⵓ..
*On Euphorbion.
*Libyka, ⴽⵔⴰⴹ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ..
*On Arabia, ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ.
*On Assyria, ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ..
*Epigrams, ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵜⵉⵏⵢⵓⵙ (Athenaeus) ⵙⴹⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏⵙⵙⵏ.

### ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ
*Charlier Berthier, Le sanctuaire punique d'El hofra à Constantine, édition Fournier, 1844.
*Mouloud Gaid, Aguellids et Romains en Berbérie, éditions SNED, Alger, 1972.
*Stéphane Gsell, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, édition Hachette, 1920.
*Josiane Lahlou, Moi, Juba roi de Maurétanie, Paris-Méditerranée, 1999, . (ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏ)
*Jean Mazard, Corpus Numérum Mauretanieque, Arts et Métiers graphiques, 1955.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ
ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ:ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵢⴰ