Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento

**Colonia del Sacramento** (; ) jẹ ilu ni apa guusu iwọ-oorun Uruguay, ni ẹgbẹ  Río de la Plata, ti ọ kọjú si Buenos Aires, Argentina. O jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ilu Atijọ julọ ni Uruguay ati olu-ilu nígbà aye ijọba amunisin. Awon ti o wa ni ilu jẹ ẹgba mẹtadinlọgbọn. Awon ibi itan rẹ jẹ í bi ti àjọ

UNESCO World Heritage Site. Ayé igbalode ti Colonia del Sacramento ṣe agbejade awọn aṣọ ati pe o ni agbegbe iṣowo ọfẹ, ni afikun si ile-iṣẹ imọ-ẹrọ ati ọpọlọpọ awọn ile ijọba.

## Ìtàn

Lẹ́yìn ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò ade ilẹ̀ Potogí, Ọba Peter Kejì wá iyọnju sí ààlà gúúsù Brazil.Lobo pẹ̀lú ọkọ̀ ojú omi márùn-ún tí ó ní nǹkan bí 400 ọmọ ogun, àwọn oníṣẹ́ ọnà, àwọn gbẹ́nàgbẹ́nà àti àwọn agé òkúta, àti ìbọn 18, dé erékùṣù San Gabrieli [Àdàkọ:Separated entries] ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù kíní ọdún 1680.    Ni ọjọ 28 Oṣu Kini, wọn bẹrẹ lati ṣètò fún igbekale agbo ogun.

José de Garro rán amí lati  Santo Domingo de Soriano ni ọjọ 22 Kínní 1680, lẹhin gbigba esi odi ni ọjọ 10 Kínní si ipari rẹ lati lọ kuro ni aaye naa. Garro ran awọn ọmọ ogun 3,400 kan labẹ aṣẹ ti Antonio de Vera Mujica, ti o gba ilu ti a yika ni alẹ ọjọ 6-7 Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 1680.  Lobo ni a mu bi ẹlẹwọn si Buenos Aires, nibiti  ti ò ti ku ni ọjọ 7 Oṣu Kini ọdun 1683.  Adehun ti Spain ati Portugal fowo si ni 1681 da Colonia pada si Portugal. 

Gẹgẹbi abajade ti Ogun ti Aṣeyọri Ilu Sipeeni, gomina ti Buenos Aires, Valdes Incian, bẹrẹ Idoti ti Colonia del Sacramento. Awọn ologun ti gomina Spain ni aṣẹ nipasẹ Baltazar García Ros lati ọjọ 18 Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 1704 titi di ọjọ 14 Oṣu Kẹta Ọdun 1705, nigbati awọn ọkọ oju-omi Pọtugali ti yọ awọn olutẹsin kuro. Awọn ijọsin ati awọn Afara nikan ni a ko parun. 14 Oṣu Kẹta Ọdun 1705, nigbati awọn ọkọ oju-omi Pọtugali ti yọ awọn olutẹsin kuro. Awọn ijọsin ati awọn Afara nikan ni a ko parun.

The colony was given back to Portugal in the Treaty of Utrecht. Manuel Gomes Barbosa took possession on 10 February 1718 with 1,040 colonists.  More colonists arrived in 1721. Antonio Pedro de Vasconcellos took over as governor on 14 March 1722 and transformed it into the richest and best defended city in the Rio de la Plata region.  This included the coastal bastions of São Pedro de Alcântara, São Miguel, Santo António, São João, Carmo, and Santa Rita. 

Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed. Don Luis Garcia de Bivar took over as governor in 1749, but died on 5 March 1760.  During that time, the Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750) was never complied with and finally considered null and void. Brigadier Vicente da Silva da Fonseca then took over as governor.  Fonseca was forced to surrender the colony to Pedro Antonio de Cevallos on 11 October 1762.  Spain returned the colony in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau, and Dom José Pedro de Figueiredo Sarmento took over as governor on 27 December 1763. He was replaced by Francisco José da Rocha on 15 March 1777.  
 
With the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, the colony became a Spanish possession once more. 

It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated into Brazil after 1816, when the entire *Banda Oriental* (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.

On 10 January 1809, before the independence of Uruguay, it was designated as a "Villa" ("town" in 19th century Portuguese) and has since been elevated to the status of "Ciudad" ("city" in Spanish).
 
Since independence, Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original *Bairro Histórico* (historic quarter in Portuguese or *Barrio Histórico,* current Spanish spelling) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal *calles* in the newer Spanish area.

### Timeline of rule
The rule from 1680 to present (with flag of the period) is:
 

## Population
In 2011 Colonia del Sacramento had a population of 26,231.
 
Source: *Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay*

## Climate
Colonia del Sacramento has a mild humid subtropical climate, described by the Köppen climate classification as *Cfa*. Summers are warm and winters are cool, with relatively frequent frosts and fog. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of 1,039&nbsp;mm (40.91&nbsp;in), and the annual average temperature is 17&nbsp;°C (63&nbsp;°F).

## Urban fabric
The city was developed on a peninsula that protrudes into the Río de la Plata. The 16 hectare "Barrio Histórico", or Portuguese Old City, was enclosed by a fortification wall across the peninsula in the site of present-day Calle Ituzaingó. Most of the fortification wall was removed in 1777 and some remaining parts again in 1859. The Portuguese part of the city has an irregular street network.

Outside the wall, the historical part of the city was planned in Spanish colonial style and in the characteristic checkerboard layout.

## Sport
The local professional football team is Plaza Colonia, founded in 1917, playing at the Estadio Profesor Alberto Suppici.

They won the 2016 Clausura, their biggest success to date.  

Deportivo Colonia founded in 1999 lost its professional status in 2007. They play at the Estadio Miguel Campomar.

Club Atlético Plaza has futsal, volleyball and basketball sections, as well as a football section based at Estadio Néstor Naviliat.

The town's Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos is a disused bullring.

## Points of interest
The *Barrio Histórico* (historic quarter) section of Colonia del Sacramento is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It has some cobblestone streets built by the Portuguese in the 17th century, and is within walking distance of the town's ferry terminal. Among the tourist attractions around the tree-lined *Plaza Mayor* (main square) are:
**Portón de Campo* &ndash; the City Gate and wooden drawbridge
*Lighthouse and convent ruins of the 17th-century Convent of San Francisco
**[[Basílica del Santísimo Sacramento, Colonia del Sacramento|Basílica del Santísimo Sacramento]]* &ndash; the Basilica of the Holy Sacrament, built of stone by the Portuguese in 1808
*Portuguese Museum &ndash; constructed in the 18th century, it exhibits Portuguese furnishings, jewelry, uniforms and old maps of Portuguese naval expeditions
**Casa de Nacarello* &ndash; an 18th-century Portuguese house
*Municipal Museum &ndash; rebuilt by the Spanish in 1835 as the *Casa del Almirante Brown*, it exhibits artifacts and documents of the city's different periods and cultures
*Viceroy's House &ndash; the *Casa del Virrey*, reconstructed from the original ruins
* Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos, a Bullring included in an old tourist complex now abandoned.

## Gallery

File:The Attack of Nova Colonia in the River Plate in 1763, under the command of Captain John Macnamara.jpg|The Portuguese led attack on Nova Colonia, 6 January 1763
File:Colonia-map-tiles-TM.jpg|Map of the Old City in ceramic tiles
File:Colonia-from Faro-view-TM.jpg|View of the historic district from the top of the lighthouse
File:Colo do sac 1.jpg|Portón de Campo, the City Gate
File::Colonia-Porton de Campo-murallas-TM.jpg|Another view of the City Gate
File:Colonia-Faro-ruinas-TM.jpg|Lighthouse at Colonia del Sacramento
File:Colonia-Calle San Pedro-TM.jpg|Calle San Pedro, a typical street in the historic district
File:Colonia-Muelle 1866-TM.jpg|The 1866 Wharf of Colonia
File:Colonia del Sacramento water front2.JPG|The water front
File:ColoniaDelSacramentoCalleReal.jpg|Old car parked on Calle Real in the historic district
File:ColoniaDelSacramentoCalleMisionesDeLosTapesDeNoche.JPG|Night at the historic quarter district - "Misiones de los Tapes" Street
File:A boat to unite two countries.JPG|The Buquebus seen from the Paseo San Gabriel
File:Colonia old city.jpg|Restaurant on a corner
File:Colonia del Sacramento art in Uruguay.JPG|Wall art in Colonia del Sacramento
File:PortugueseMuseum-Colonia4.jpg|Remains of Portuguese Azulejo


## Transportation
Colonia del Sacramento is served by three ferry boat lines from Buenos Aires, Argentina: "Buquebus", "Seacat Colonia" and "Colonia Express".

Two principal highways end in Colonia: Route 1 connects Colonia to Montevideo and points east; Route 21 connects to points north, including the *Aarón de Anchorena National Park*,  distant, and Fray Bentos. There is also a local airport for small planes. There is a project in process to lengthen the runway and begin commercial flights to Buenos Aires (this was done in the past) and other cities within Uruguay.

The city is served by Laguna de los Patos International Airport located  from Colonia along Route 1.

## Consular representation
Argentina and Portugal both maintain a consulate in Colonia del Sacramento.

## Twin towns – sister cities
* Guimarães, Portugal
* Morón, Argentina
* Olinda, Brazil
* Pelotas, Brazil
* Quilmes, Argentina

## See also
* List of diplomatic missions in Uruguay#Consulate in Colonia del Sacramento

## Bibliography
*  (with prologue by Federico Mayor Zaragoza and introduction by Marta Canessa de Sanguinetti) 

## References

## External links

* Article on Colonia del Sacramento, Official Portal of the Uruguayan Government 
*360° Virtual Tours of Colonia del Sacramento - Uruguay360.com.uy
*Tourist information about Colonia del Sacramento
*Tourist guide about Colonia del Sacramento &ndash; photos, hosting and attractions of Colonia del Sacramento attractions
*Colonia del Sacramento Website
*INE map of Colonia del Sacramento