Índíà

**Índíà**, tàbí **Orílẹ̀-èdè** **Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Índíà** (ní èdè Híńdì: भारत गणराज्य **''Bhārat** Gaṇarājya*;), jẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè kan ní Gúúsù Éṣíà. Ohun ni orílẹ̀-èdè [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|kejè títóbi júlọ̀]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtóbí jẹ́ọ́gráfì, orílẹ̀-èdè [[List of countries by population|kìn-ín-ni tó ní ìye àwọn ènìyàn]] [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|júlọ]] pẹ̀lú bíi 1.43 bílíọ̀nù ènìyàn, àti ìjọba-oníbò tó ni ìye àwọn ènìyàn júlọ̀ lágbàyé. Ó ja mọ [[Indian Ocean|Òkun Índíà]]  ní gúúsù, [[Arabian Sea|Òkun Lárúbáwá]] ni ìwọ̀ oòrùn, àti [[Bay of Bengal|Ebado Benga]] ní ìlà oòrùn, India ní etíkun tó jẹ́ 7,516.6 kilometres (4,700 mi). Ó ni ààlà láàrin [[Pakistan]] ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn; [[Ṣáínà]], [[Nepal]], ati [[Bhutan]] si àríwà; ati [[Bangladesh|Bangladẹ́shì]] ati [[Burma]] ní ìlà oòrùn. Índíà wà nítosí [[Sri Lanka]], àti [[Maldives]] tí wọ́n wà ní [[Òkun Índíà]].

Gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ilẹ̀ Ọ̀làjú Àfonífojì Indus jẹ́ ibí tó ní ìdàgbàsókè púpọ̀, abẹ́orílẹ̀ Índíà jẹ́ ibi àwọn ènìyàn mọ̀ fún ọlá àti [[Àṣà|àṣà]] rẹ̀ káàkiri ayé. Esin nla merin, [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] ati [[Sikhism]] ni won bere latibe, nigbati [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism|Esin Ju]], [[Christianity|Esin Kristi]] ati [[Islam|Imale]] de sibe ni egberundun akoko IO (CE) won si kopa ninu bi orisirisi [[Indian culture|asa]] agbegbe na seri. Diedie o je fifamora latowo [[Honourable East India Company|British East India Company]] lati ibere orundun ikejidinlogun, o si di ile amusin Ile-oba Isodokan lati arin orundun ikandinlogun, India di orile-ede alominira ni 1947 leyin [[Indian independence movement|akitiyan fun isominira]] to se pataki fun [[non-violent resistance|isatako alaise jagidijagan]] kakiri.

India je orile-ede olominira kan to ni [[States and territories of India|ipinle 28 ati awon agbegbe isokan meje]] pelu [[Parliamentary democracy|sistemu onileasofin oseluaralu]]. [[Economy of India|Okowo India]] ni [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|okowo ikokanla titobijulo]] gege bi olorujo [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] lagbaye ati [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|ikerin titobijulo]] gege bi [[purchasing power parity|ibamu agbara iraja]]. Otun je omo egbe [[Commonwealth of Nations|Ajoni awon Orile-ede]], [[G20 major economies|G-20]], [[BRIC]], [[South Asian Free Trade Area|SAFTA]] ati [[World Trade Organization|Agbajo Owo Agbaye]]. India je [[List of states with nuclear weapons|orile-ede toni ohun-ijagun bombu inuatomu]], o si ni [[List of countries by military expenditures|ile-ise ologun ikewa ton nawojulo]] pelu [[List of countries by number of troops|ile-ise ologun adigun keji titobijulo]] lagbaye. [[Economic liberalization in India|Atunse okowo to bere lati 1991]] ti so India di ikan ninu [[List of countries by GDP (real) growth rate|awon okowo to n dagba kiakia julo lagbaye]]; sibesibe, [[poverty in India|aini]] si tun ba ja, [[Education in India|aimookomooka]], [[Corruption in India|iwa-ibaje]], [[Health in India|arun]], ati [[Malnutrition in India|aijeunkanu]]. Gege bi awujo [[religious pluralism|esin olopolopo]], [[Languages of India|eledepupo]] ati [[multiethnic society|eleya eniyan pupo]], India tun je ibugbe fun opolopo awon [[Fauna of India|eran-igbe]] ni opolopo [[Protected areas of India|ibi alaabo]].



== Orísun ìtumọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ ==
*India* () gege bi oruko wa lati  *Indus*, to wa lati oro [[Old Persian|Persia Atijo]] *Hindu*, lati [[Sanskrit]] सिन्धु *Sindhu*, oruko ibile fun [[Indus River|Odo Indus]]. Awon [[Griiki]] ayeijoun n pe awon ara India ni *Indoi* (Ινδοί), awon eniyan Indus. [[Constitution of India|Ilana Ibagbepo ile India]] ati lilo oro towopo ninu opo awon ede India bakanna tun seidamo   *Bharat* (pipe ) gege bi oruko onibise iru kanna. Bharat gege bi oruko wa lati oruko oba olokiki [[Bharata (emperor)|Bharata]] ninu awon Itan-Awaso Hindu. *Hindustan'' (), ni berebere to je oro Persia fun “Ile Hindus” lati toka si apaariwa India, bakanna tun lilo gege bi oruko gbogbo India.

## Ìtàn
Awon ibugbe apata Igba Okuta pelu awon iyaworan ni Bhimbetka rock shelters ni Madhya Pradesh ni eri igbe eniyan pipejulo ni India. Awon ibudo akoko ti a mo bere ni odun to ju 9,000 seyin lo, diedie o si dagba soke si Indus Valley Civilisation, ti ojo ori re to odun 3400&nbsp;BCE ni apaiwoorun India. Eyi je titele pelu Vedic period, to se ipilese Esin Hindu ati awon asa miran igba ibere awujo India, o si pari ni awon odun 500 BCE. Lati bi 550&nbsp;BCE, opolopo awon ile-oba alominira ati orile-ede olominira ti a mo bi Mahajanapadas je didasile kakiri ibe.
[thumb|left|alt=Damaged brown painting of a reclining man and woman.|Paintings at the [Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, sixth century]]

Ni orundun keta&nbsp;KIO (BCE), opo gbogbo Guusu Asia je piparapo di Ileobaluaye Maurya latowo Chandragupta Maurya o si lokunkun ni asiko Ashoka Olokiki. Lati igba orundun keta IO (CE), ijoba iran Gupta samojuto igba ti a mo bi ancient "Igba Oniwura India ayeijoun." Awon ileobaluaye ni Apaguusu India je kikopomo gbogbo awon ti Chalukya, ti Cholas ati ti Vijayanagara Empire. Sayensi, teknoloji, ise-ero, ise-ona, ogbon, ede, litireso, mathematiiki, itorawo, esin ati imo-oye di olokunkun labe itoju awon oba wonyi.

Leyin awon iborile lati Arin Asia larin orundun 10th ati 12th, opo Ariwa India ni won bo si abe ijoba Delhi Sultanate ati leyin eyi sabe Ileobaluaye Mughal. Labe isejoba Akbar the Great, India gbadun idagbasoke asa ati okowo pupo ati irepo esin. Awon obaluaye Mughal diedie fe ile won si pupo lati dori apa nla abeorile. Sibesibe, ni Ariwa-Apailaorun India, alagbara to joba ibe ni ileoba Ahom ti Assam, gege bi ikan ninu awon ileoba ti won lodi si ijobalenilori Mughal. Ihalemo ninla akoko si agbara ijoba Mughal wa latodo oba Hindu Rajput kan Maha Rana Pratap ti Mewar ni orundun 16th ati leyin eyi latodo orile-ede Hindu kan to n je adapapo Maratha, to joba lori opo India ni arin orundun 18th.

Lati orundun 16th, awon alagbara ara Europe bi  Portugal, Hollandi, Fransi, ati Iparapo Ileoba se idasile ibudo owo (trading posts) be sini leyin eyi won lo anfani ti awon ija abele ibe fa wa lati sedasile awon ibiamusin nibe. Nigba to fi di 1856, opo India ti bo sabe idari British East India Company. Odun kan leyin eyi, igbogundi kakiri awon eyo ologun olodi ijoba ati awon ileoba, ti a mo bi Ogun Ilominira Akoko India tabi  Sepoy Mutiny, koju idari ile-ise yi gidigidi sugbon ko yori si rere. Nitori aidurorege, India bo si abe isejoba taara Oba Alade Britani.
[thumb|left|alt=Two smiling men in robes sitting on the ground, with bodies facing the viewer and with heads turned toward each other. The younger wears a white Nehru cap; the elder is bald and wears glasses. A half dozen other people are in the background.|[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Jawaharlal Nehru, 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.]]
Ni orundun 20th, akitiyan fun ilominira kakiri orile-ede bere latowo Indian National Congress ati awon agbajo oloselu miran. Olori India Mahatma Gandhi lewaju awon egbegberun eniyan ni opolopo igbese torile-ede fun aigboran araalu  aini-jagidijagan . 

Ni ojo 15 osu kejo 1947, India gba ilominira kuro lowo isejoba Britani, sugbon nigba kanna awon agbegbe ogunlogo Musulum je pipinniya lati da orile-ede otooto Pakistan. Ni ojo 26 osi kinni 1950, India di orile-ede olominira be sini ilana ibagbepo tuntun je gbigbe jade.

Lati igba ilominira, India ti ni awon isoro lati owojagidijagan esin, casteism, naxalism, isedaniloro ati latowo awon igbogunti oludase agbegbe, agaga ni Jammu ati Kashmir ati Ariwailaorun India. Lati igba awon odun 1990 awon idigbolu adaniloro ti nipa lori opolopo awon ilu India. India ni ariyanjiyan ile pelu orile-ede Olominira awon Eniyan ile Saina, to di ni odun 1962 Ogun Saina-India, ati pelu Pakistan, to fa awon ogun ni 1947, 1965, 1971 ati ni 1999. India je omo egbe adasile   Iparapo awon Orile-ede (gege bi India Britani) ati Non-Aligned Movement. Ni odun 1974, India se nuclear test nipamo ati idanwo marun ni 1998, eyi so India di orile-ede to ni bombu inuatomu. Lati 1991, atundase okowo pataki ti so India di ikan ninu awon okowo to n dagba kiakia julo lagbaye, eyi fun lagbara pupo laye.

## Ijoba

Ilana-Ibagbepo ile India, to je ilana-ibagbepo togunjulo ati to kunrerejulo ti orile-ede alominira lagbaye, je gbigba bi ofin ni 26 January 1950. Akokoso ilana-ibagbepo yi setumo India gege bi orile-ede olominira toseluaralu sovereign, sosialisti, ti araaye. India ni ileasofin oniyewumeji to n sise bi sistemu onileasofin iru Westminster. Iru ijoba re je jijuwe pe o je bi 'quasi-federal' pelu gbongan to lagbara ati awon ipinle ti won ko lagbara, sugbon o ti di apapo diedie lati opin awon odun 1990 nitori awon iyipada oloselu, olokowo ati alawujo.

Aare ile India ni olori orile-ede to je didiboyan latowo igbimo onidiboyan fun igba odun marun kan. Alakoso Agba ni olori ijoba, ohun lo si segbese opo agbara alase. Gege bi yiyan latowo Aare,Alakoso Agba je titileyin latowo egbe oloselu tabi ifowosowopo oloselu to ni ogunlogo awon ijoko ni ile kekere Ileasofin. Apa ijoba apase ni Aare, Igbakeji Aare, ati Igbimo awon Alakoso (Kabinet ni igbimo apase re) ti olori re je Alakoso Agba. Alakoso yiowu to ni ipo gbodo je ikan ninu awon omo ile ileasofin. Ninu sistemu onileasofin ti India, apase wa labe asofin, nibi ti Alakoso Agba ati Igbimo re wa labe ile kekere.

Asofin ile India ni Ileasofin oniyewumeji, to ni ile oke ti o n je Rajya Sabha (Igbimo awon Ipinle) ati ile kekere to n je Lok Sabha (Ile awon Eniyan). Rajya Sabha, agbarajo aiyese, ni 245 omo egbe ti won wa nibe fun odun marun. Opo won je didiboyan taara latowo awon asofin ipinle ati agbegbe gege bi iye awon eniyan won.

## Awon ipinle India

## Akojọ ti awọn olori ipinle ti Índíà
*Àkójọ àwọn olórí orílẹ̀-èdè ilẹ̀ Índíà
*Àkójọ ti àwọn Aare ti Índíà
*Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Índíà

## Itokasi