open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
I-Alaska Airlines Flight 261

**IAlaska Airlines Flight 261** yayiyinqwelomoya yeAlaska Airlines yenqwelomoya yaseMcDonnell Douglas MD-83 eyantlitheka kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki nge-31 kaJanuwari, 2000, malunga  emantla eSiqithi sase-Anacapa, eCalifornia, emva kokulahlekelwa yintlekele yolawulo lwebala, kwafa bonke abantu abangama-88 ababekhwele apho: abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ababini, amalungu amathathu ekhebhini, kunye nabakhweli abangama-83. Inqwelomoya yayiyinqwelomoya ecwangcisiweyo yamazwe ngamazwe esuka eLicenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport ePuerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, ukuya eSeattle-Tacoma International Airport kufuphi Seattle, Washington, United States, kunye nokumisa okuphakathi kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseSan Francisco kufuphi neSan Francisco, California .

Uphando olulandelayo lweBhodi yoKhuseleko lwezoThutho lweSizwe (NTSB) lunqume ukuba ukugcinwa okunganeleyo kwakhokelela ekuguqweni okugqithisileyo kunye nokusilela ekugqibeleni kwenkqubo yokulawula indiza ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokuhamba. Unobangela onokwenzeka wachazwa "kukuphulukana nolawulo lokuma kwenqwelo-moya okubangelwa kukungaphumeleli kwinqwelo-moya ye- horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assembly's trapezoidal nut threads . Ukusilela komsonto kubangelwe kukunxitywa okugqithisileyo okubangelwa kukungathobi ngokwaneleyo kwe -Alaska Airlines kwindibano yejackscrew. " Ngemizamo yabo yobugorha yokusindisa inqwelomoya, bobabini abaqhubi beenqwelomoya emva kokufa kwabo bawongwa ngeMbasa yeGolide yeAir Line Pilots.
Isitalato

**Isitalato** yindlela kawonke -wonke kwindawo eyakhiweyo . Ngumhlaba woluntu odibana nezakhiwo kwimeko yedolophu, apho abantu banokuhlanganisana ngokukhululekileyo, banxibelelane , kwaye bahambehamba. Isitalato sinokuba lula njengomgangatho wobumdaka, kodwa sihlala sigaywa ngomphezulu oqinileyo, owomeleleyo onje ngetela, ikhonkrithi, ilitye lesiseko okanye izitena . Izahlulo zisenokugudiswa nge -asphalt, zifakwe ngoololiwe, okanye zilungiswe ngenye indlela ukuze zivumelane nabahambi ngeenyawo .

Ekuqaleni, igama *lesitrato* lalithetha nje indlela egangathiweyo (    ). Igama elithi *isitalato* lisasetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha ngokungekho sikweni njengesithethantonye *sendlela*, umzekelo ngokunxulumene nesitalato samandulo saseWatling, kodwa abahlali besixeko kunye nabacwangcisi basezidolophini bazoba umahluko obalulekileyo wale mihla: owona msebenzi uphambili wendlela luthutho, ngelixa izitalato ziququzelela intsebenziswano yoluntu.  Imizekelo yezitalato ibandakanya izitalato zabahamba ngeenyawo, iindledlana, kunye nezitalato ezisembindini wesixeko ezixinene kakhulu ukuba zingakwazi ukudlula izithuthi zendlela . Ngokuchaseneyo, oohola bendlela kunye neenqwelo-mafutha ziintlobo zeendlela, kodwa bambalwa abanokubhekisela kuzo njengezitrato.
Ubufanasini

**Ubufanasini** ngumtsalane wothando, umtsalane ngokwesondo, okanye ukuziphatha ngokwesondo phakathi kwamalungu esini esinye okanye isini .    Njengokuziqhelanisa ngokwesondo, ubufanasini "yipateni ehlala ihleli yeemvakalelo, ezothando, kunye/okanye ezinomtsalane ngokwesondo" kubantu besini esifanayo. 

Kunye nobufanasini kunye nesini esahlukileyo, ubufanasini lolunye lwezintlu ezintathu eziphambili zokuziqhelanisa nesondo phakathi kwabantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo-okuqhubekayo .  Iingcali zenzululwazi azikayazi eyona sizathu sokuziqhelanisa ngokwesondo, kodwa zithi kubangelwa kukudibana okuntsonkothileyo kofuzo, ihomoni, kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo    kwaye ungayijongi njengokhetho.    

ngelishwa, olu hlobo lokwabelana ngesondo sisono esinzulu kwaye umntu unethuba lokuya esihogweni
Ajvatovica

**I-Ajvatovica** sesona siganeko sikhulu samaSilamsi semveli, inkolo kunye nenkcubeko eYurophu. Ibekwe kufutshane nePrusac, Bosnia kunye ne Herzegovina. Yathiywa ngegama lika -Ajvaz-dedo ( *uTatomkhulu u-Ajvaz* ), umSilamsi ozinikeleyo osebenza ekukhanyiseleni uluntu kwaye afezekise inkqubela kulo mmandla.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAlghero-Fertilia

**Alghero - Riviera del Corallo Airport**          sisikhululo seenqwelomoya samazwe ngamazwe simi kwi   kumntla-ntshona wesixeko saseAlghero, kumantla eSardinia, eItali. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi **-Alghero-Fertilia Airport**, ebizwa ngokuba yilali ekufutshane yaseFertilia okanye **kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iAlghero** . Sesinye sezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezintathu eziphambili ezisebenzela iSardinia, ezinye ziyi -Olbia emantla-mpuma, kwaye kufutshane neCagliari emazantsi. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya siqhutywa yiSO.GE.A.AL ( *Societa di Gestione Aeroporto di Alghero* ).
Apalit

**Apalit**, ngokusemthethweni **uMasipala wase Apalit**, ngumasipala weklasi yoku-1 kwiphondo lasePampanga, kwiiPhilippines . Ngokobalo luka-2020, inabemi be-117,160 abantu. 

Le dolophu idume ngeApung Iru Fluvial Procession, edweliswe njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisekwe emanzini enkcubeko yelifa lemveli kwiiPhilippines. Umnyhadala uba rhoqo nge-28-30 kaJuni.
Iacciaio

yialloy yeferrous ikakhulu yenziwe nge iron kunye ne carbon, le yokugqibela ikwipesenti engadlulanga kwi 2.06 **%** ; ngaphaya kwalo mda, iipropati zenguqu yezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-alloy ithatha igama lentsimbi.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi

**Ukusetyenziswa kakubi** kweziyobisi, okwakwaziwa ngokuba **gwenxa kweziyobisi**, kukusetyenziswa kwechiza ngokwemilinganiselo okanye ngeendlela eziyingozi emntwini okanye kwabanye. Luhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi . Iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zempilo yoluntu, ezonyango, kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuziphatha kolwaphulo-mthetho okanye okuchasene noluntu kwenzeka xa umntu ephantsi kweempembelelo zeziyobisi, kwaye utshintsho lwexesha elide kumntu ngamnye lunokwenzeka. Ukongeza kukwenzakala okunokwenzeka emzimbeni, ekuhlaleni, nasengqondweni, ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amachiza kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho, nangona ezi zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni.  name="Mosby">.

Iziyobisi ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa neli gama ziquka: utywala, i-amphetamines, i-barbiturates, i-benzodiazepines, i- cannabis, i- cocaine, i-hallucinogens (nangona ingekho i- *psychedelic* eyaziwayo, enye yeendidi ezintathu ze- hallucinogens, efunyenwe ukuba nayo nayiphi na into enokubakho), i-methaqualone ., kunye neeopioids . Oyena nobangela wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi awukacaci, kodwa zimbini iithiyori ezibalaseleyo: nokuba sisimo semfuza okanye umkhwa ofundwe kwabanye, othi, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, ubonakale njengesifo esingapheliyo esibangela ukuba buthathaka . 

Ngo-2010, malunga ne-5% yabantu (izigidi ezingama-230) basebenzise into engekho mthethweni.  Kwaba, abazizigidi ezingama-27 basengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa iziyobisi—eyaziwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweziyobisi—ebangela ingozi kwimpilo yabo, ebangela iingxaki ezingokwengqondo, okanye ebangela iingxaki zasekuhlaleni ezibabeka esichengeni sezo ngozi.
Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseValenzano

**IValenzano** sisikhululo sikaloliwe eValenzano, eItali. Isikhululo sibekwe kuloliwe waseBari-Casamassima-Putignano . Iinkonzo zikaloliwe kunye neziseko zoncedo zikaloliwe ziqhutywa yiFerrovie del Sud Est.
Iiholide

**Iiholide** kumthetho wezabasebenzi ziintsuku zokungabikho emsebenzini kwaye zibonwa njengelungelo kumqeshwa.

Imimiselo elawulayo kulo mba ebonelelwe yimimiselo emininzi ngokubanzi ibhekisela kuphela kudidi lwabasebenzi, kungekhona kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo, abazimeleyo okanye abaqeqeshwayo.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya Ukumisa isikhululo sikaloliwe

**Isikhululo sikaloliwe sokumisa isikhululo sikaloliwe**, esaziwa ngokuba **yiJinnah Airport** sifumaneka eKarachi,eSindh, ePakistan.
Ammognich

Kwixesha elidlulileyo uNjingalwazi uPalmieri wayefune ukuwonga abantu abaziphethe kakuhle kwaye wathoba amanqaku kubantu abaziphata kakubi.

Uxele IBanda della Cingomma ukuba uyakufumana ivoto ezintandathu

kwaye ke kukho IBanda i-Ammognich, eyenza ngokuchaseneyo, oko kukuthi, iyatshabalalisa amathandathu kunye nobubi.

A

Imingxunya esitratweni

.
Lvinaya Edlulileyo

**Moekeshiwan**, okwakwaziwa njenge **Lvinaya Past,** ngokoqobo " *Lion's Maw* ", emva kwelitye eliphuma elwandle kwaye lifana nengonyama eleleyo), yintaba-mlilo kwindawo esemazantsi e- Iturup kwiiKuril Islands, ibango yiJapan kwaye ilawulwa yiRashiya.  Intaba-mlilo iphawulwa ngokuba ngumgodi omkhulu okhukuliswe luLwandle lwaseOkhotsk . Ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lwenzeka kwangoko ngexesha leHolocene eyafikelela kwisalathiso sokudubula kwentaba-mlilo sesi-7.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseJaisalmer

**Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseJaisalmer** sisikhululo seenqwelomoya sasekhaya esisebenzela eJaisalmer, eRajasthan, eIndiya . Ifumaneka kumgama  ukusuka kumbindi wesixeko.  Isikhululo seenqwelomoya sisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala kwisiseko soMkhosi woMoya waseIndiya .

Isikhululo seenqwelomoya sinomgaqo weenqwelo-moya omnye  ubude neemitha ezingama-  ububanzi. Abathwali abebekhe babhabha besiya/besuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya baquka iVayudoot kunye neKingfisher Airlines .  Ngo-2015, ayizange isetyenziselwe iinqwelomoya, kwaye yavalwa  de iinkonzo zaqala phantsi kweskimu se -UDAN kwi-2017.
Thomas Edison

UThomas Alva Edison, owazalwa ngoFebruwari 11, 1847 eMilan, eOhio waza wafa ngo-Oktobha 18, 1931 eWest Orange, eNew Jersey, wayengumqambi waseMelika, usosayensi kunye nosomashishini.

Umseki woMbane kaWonke-wonke, elinye lamagunya aphambili kwezoshishino, wayengumyili ochumileyo (ngaphezu kwe-1,000 patent3). Uvulindlela wombane, umsasazi, umsasazi, wayengomnye wabavelisi abaphambili be-cinema (ekunye, phakathi kwabanye, uWilliam Kennedy Laurie Dickson, u-Émile Reynaud, uAuguste noLouis Lumière, uJules Carpentier)4,5,6 kunye nokurekhoda kwesandi (kunye Charles Cross). Ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba "yi-wizard yaseMenlo Park", idolophu yaseNew Jersey ebizwa ngokuba yi "Edison" ngembeko yakhe ngo-1954.

UThomas Alva7 Edison ngumntwana wesixhenxe kunye nowokugqibela8 kaSamuel Edison (1804-1896), waseKhanada wemvelaphi yaseDatshi, owabaleka eCanada ngenxa yokuba wathatha inxaxheba kwimvukelo ye-1837-18389 kwaye ngubani owaba ngumthengisi wesibini. , igrocer, umthengisi wezindlu, uMchweli. Umama wakhe, uNancy Elliot (1810-1871), owayesakuba ngumfundisi-ntsapho, naye wayengowaseKhanada kodwa enemvelaphi yaseScotland. Utata kaNancy wayeligorha leMfazwe yoTshintsho lwaseMelika. UThomas Alva Edison ungoyena mncinci kusapho oluthobekileyo olumkhuthaza ngokwengqondo nakwezopolitiko.

Ngomnyaka we-1854, xa wayeneminyaka eyi-7 ubudala, intsapho yakhe yafudukela ePort Huron, eMichigan apho uyise wafumana umsebenzi wokuba ngumchweli. Umfundisi-ntsapho wakhe, uMfundisi uEngle, umgqala njengesidenge ngenxa yokuba unomdla kakhulu, ubuza imibuzo emininzi kwaye akafundi ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu zezifundo, wagxothwa esikolweni sakhe. Encediswa ngumama wakhe owamnika izifundo ekhaya, emva koko wagqiba uqeqesho lwakhe olusisiseko njenge-autodidact egqibeleleyo, efunda ababhali ababalaseleyo abanjengoCharles Dickens okanye uShakespeare, kwaye watya zonke iincwadi zesayensi awayeziswe ngumama wakhe, ngakumbi umsebenzi wokulinga. Isikolo sefiziksi yeFilosofi yeNdalo nguRichard Green Parker11. Ngenzondelelo uquqa kwithala leencwadi laseDetroit: “Ukuba ndikhumbula kakuhle, ndandiqala ngencwadi yokuqala kwishelufu esezantsi ndaza ndaqwenga zonke ezinye, enye emva kwenye. Andizange ndifunde iincwadi ezimbalwa; Ndalifunda lonke ithala leencwadi. »

Luluhlu lwezinto ezininzi apha zimbalwa:

* Ngo-1877: igramafoni, umdlali wokuqala worhwebo kwiisilinda kwaye emva koko kwiidiski
* I-1879: isibane se-incandescent (ukuphuculwa kokuveliswa kukaJoseph Swan). Umzekelo: kwintengiso, isibane sebhedi (Lampe de Chevet) uhlobo lwe-E 27 lubhekisela ku-Edison, isiseko si-27 mm ububanzi.
* Ngo-1879: isiphumo se-Edison esiyimbonakaliso yokukhutshwa kwakhona kwee-electron ukusuka kwi-filament eshushu (iintsuku zokuqala ze-tube electronics)
* Ngo-1882: isikhululo samandla sangoku esithe ngqo kwizibane ze-1,200, ukuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi (kakhulu) kuluhlu olufutshane kunye nengozi ephantsi ebantwini.
* Ngo-1891: ikhamera yokuqala ye-cinematographic, i-kinetograph, okokuqala isebenzisa ifilimu ebanzi ye-19 mm kunye ne-horizontal scrolling kunye neefoto zesetyhula (Dickson Greeting)
Bhutan

**IBhutan**   ;       ), ngokusemthethweni **uBukumkani baseBhutan,**  lilizwe elivaliweyo ekuMazantsi eAsia, elikwiMpuma yeHimalayas, phakathi kweTshayina emantla neIndiya emazantsi. Ilizwe elineentaba, iBhutan yaziwa ekuhlaleni njenge "Druk Yul" okanye "Umhlaba weNdudumo yeNdudumo", igama elibonisa inkcubeko yelifa lelizwe . Igama elithi Bhutan kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisuka kwigama elingumxube wePrakrit elithi Bhŏṭṭaṃta, igama elibhekisa kwindawo ekufutshane neTibet.  INepal neBangladesh zikufuphi neBhutan kodwa azabelani ngomda nayo. Eli lizwe linabemi abangaphezu kwama-727,145  kunye nommandla  kwaye ibeka indawo ye-133 ngokomhlaba kunye ne-160 kubemi. I-Bhutan yinkosi yomgaqo-siseko kunye nokumkani ( Druk Gyalpo ) njengentloko yelizwe kunye nenkulumbuso njengentloko karhulumente. I-Vajrayana Buddhism yinkolo yaseburhulumenteni kwaye uJe Khenpo yintloko yenkolo yelizwe.

Iintaba zeHimalayan ezikumantla ziphuma kumathafa ashinyeneyo elizwe asemazantsi.  Kwiintaba ze-Himalaya zaseBhutan, kukho iincopho ezingaphezulu kwe  ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle . IGangkhar Puensum yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo yaseBhutan kwaye yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni. Izilwanyana zasendle zaseBhutan ziphawuleka ngokwahlukana kwazo,  kuquka i- Himalayan takin kunye ne- golden langur . Ikomkhulu kunye nesixeko esikhulu kunazo zonke Thimphu, ebambe kufutshane ne-1/7th yabemi.
Muriaé

**IMuriaé** i-a umasipala emzantsi mpuma weMinas Gerais isimo, Ebrazil. Okuqondene nabo bonke abenza umsebenzi wabo Zona da Mata ingingqi kunye nabemi bayo kwi-2020 (IBGE) babemalunga ne-109,392 yabemi.

## Izibakala ezibalulekileyo

* Uqoqosho

Imizi-mveliso, ezolimo (ikhokhonathi nekofu), iinkonzo, nokufuya iinkomo

* Umyinge wobushushu bonyaka - 26&nbsp;°C
* Ukuphakama - 209 m
* Indawo - 843,9&nbsp;km²
* Umgama ukusuka eBelo Horizonte - 363&nbsp;km

Ime ekudibaneni koohola beendlela ezimbini, i-BR-116 (Rio-Bahia) kunye ne-BR-393.

## Imfundo
Esi sixeko sinamaziko amathathu emfundo ephakamileyo:

I-FAFISM&nbsp;– Kwikholeji yeNfilosofi, IiNzululwazi kunye neeleta uSanta Marcelina&nbsp;– https://web.archive.org/web/20220123064824/http://www.fafism.com.br/

FAMINAS&nbsp;– IKholeji yaseMinas&nbsp;– https://web.archive.org/web/20230107224430/https://www2.faminas.edu.br/

UNIPAC&nbsp;UMongameli weYunivesithi u-Antonio Carlos http://www.unipac.br

## Abantu abaphawulekayo

* UNey Mineiro (owazalwa ngo-1981), umdlali webhola waseBrazil

## Iimbekiselo
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseSão Paulo-Congonhas

**São Paulo/Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport** sesinye sezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezine ezisebenza eSão Paulo, eBrazil . Isikhululo seenqwelomoya sathiywa ngegama lendawo esikuyo, ebizwa ngokuba yiVila Congonhas, ipropathi yenzala kaLucas Antônio Monteiro de Barros (1767-1851), iViscount yaseCongonhas do Campo, umongameli wokuqala wePhondo laseSão Paulo emva kwenkululeko. EBrazil ngowe-1822, ngexesha loBukhosi . Ngokulandelayo, indawo ye-Viscount yathiywa ngegama lesininzi sesihlahla esibizwa ngokuba yi *-congonha-do-campo* e-Brazil ( *Luxemburgia polyandra*, yosapho lwe- Ochnaceae ).  Ukusukela nge-19 kaJuni ngo-2017, ithiywe ngokusemthethweni ngeSekela likaFreitas Nobre.  Igama elithi Congonhas, nangona kunjalo, lisasetyenziswa kakhulu. Iphethwe sisiXeko saseSão Paulo.

Ngethuba lexesha lenguqu, isikhumulo sezindiza sisebenza ngokudibeneyo yi -Infraero kunye ne-AENA .
Michael Schumacher

**Michael Schumacher** (January 3, 1969) nguqondisindiswe ngokuba yintomtom yezikhothane ezintsha eGermany. Ezenziwe kwiphondo leFormula 1 kwisi-1991 kuze kube ngowama-2006 kwaye kwisi-2010 kuze kube ngowama-2012. Kwelinye igalelo lwakhe, wabizwa ngokubiza 91 Grand Prix kwaye wafikelela amaqela amahlanu ayibhalwe (1994, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, kwaye 2004).
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseRio de Janeiro/Galeão International

**I-Rio de Janeiro/Galeão – Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport** eyaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo lokuqala elithi **Galeão International Airport**, sesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya sisebenza eRio de Janeiro, eBrazil. Ngo-2019, yayiyeyesine isikhululo seenqwelomoya esixakeke kakhulu ngokugcwala kwabantu. Ithiywe ngegama lengingqi yaseGaleão . *I-Praia do Galeão* (i-Galleon Beach) iphambi kwetheminali yabahambi yoqobo (itheminali yangoku yabakhweli yoMkhosi woMoya waseBrazil ) nalapho igaleyini *iPadre Eterno* yakhiwa ngo-1663.   Ukususela kwi-5 kaJanuwari 1999, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumculi waseBrazil uAntonio Carlos Jobim .  Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseGaleão sichazwe ngokucacileyo ekuqulunqweni kwakhe *iSamba do Avião .* Yeyona ndawo inkulu yesikhululo seenqwelomoya ngokwendawo yaseBrazil.

Ukususela ngo-12 Agasti 2014  iqhutywe yi- Concessionary Rio Galeão,  i-consortium eyenziwe ngumtyali-mali waseBrazil u-Odebrecht kunye ne-Changi Airport Group, kunye nenxaxheba encinci yenkampani ephantsi kukarhulumente Infraero, umqhubi wangaphambili.  I-concessionary entsha isebenzise igama elithi brand **RIOgaleão - Aeroporto Internacional Tom Jobim** . 

Ezinye zezibonelelo zayo kwabelwana ngazo kunye neGaleão Air Force Base yeBrazilian Air Force.
Nephal

**INepal** ngokusemthethweni iFederal **Democratic Republic of Nepal,** lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Asia . Ifumaneka ikakhulu kwii -Himalayas, kodwa ikwabandakanya iindawo ze -Indo-Gangetic Plain . Umda weTibet Autonomous Region yaseChina ukuya emantla, kunye neIndiya emazantsi, empuma, nasentshona, ngelixa yahlulwe kancinane eBangladesh yiSiliguri Corridor, kwaye isuka eBhutan yilizwe laseIndiya iSikkim . INepal inejografi eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amathafa achumileyo, iinduli ezinamahlathi akwi-subalpine, kunye neentaba ezisibhozo kwezona zide zehlabathi, kubandakanya iMount Everest, eyona ndawo iphakamileyo emhlabeni. IKathmandu likomkhulu lesizwe kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu . INepal lilizwe lezizwe ngezizwe, iilwimi ezininzi, iinkonzo ezininzi kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi, kunye nesiNepali njengolwimi olusemthethweni.

Igama elithi "Nepal" libhalwe okokuqala kwimibhalo ukusuka kwixesha leVedic ye- Indian subcontinent, ixesha laseNepal yamandulo xa kwasekwa ubuHindu, inkolo ephambili yelizwe. Embindini wenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC, uGautama Buddha, umsunguli weBuddhism, wazalelwa eLumbini kumazantsi eNepal. Imimandla ekumantla eNepal yayixubene nenkcubeko yaseTibet . Intlambo yaseKathmandu esembindini idibene nenkcubeko yama-Indo-Aryans, kwaye yayisisihlalo somanyano lwaseNewar olwaziwa ngokuba yiNepal Mandala . Isebe laseHimalaya leNdlela yeSilika yamandulo yayilawulwa ngabarhwebi bale ntlambo. Ummandla wecosmopolitan uphuhlise ubugcisa bemveli obahlukileyo kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo . Ngenkulungwane ye-18, uBukumkani baseGorkha bafikelela ekumanyeni iNepal . Ubukhosi bukaShah baseka uBukumkani baseNepal kwaye kamva benza umanyano kunye noBukhosi baseBritane, phantsi komnombo wabo weenkulumbuso zikaRana . Ilizwe alizange libe lithanga kodwa lasebenza njengelizwe elikhuselekileyo phakathi kwe -Imperial China kunye neBritish India . Idemokhrasi yasePalamente yaziswa ngo-1951 kodwa yanqunyanyiswa kabini ngookumkani baseNepal, ngo-1960 kunye no-2005. Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseNepal ngeminyaka yoo-1990s nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 yakhokelela ekusekweni kweriphabliki yehlabathi ngo-2008, yaphelisa ubukhosi bokugqibela bamaHindu ehlabathini.
Iziqithi zaseTurks kunye neCaicos

**Iziqithi zaseTurks kunye neCaicos** (efinyeziweyo **iTCI** ;   kunye  ) yiBritish Overseas Territory equka **iZiqithi zeCaicos** ezinkulu kunye **neZiqithi zeTurks** ezincinci, amaqela amabini eziqithi ezishushu kwiLucayan Archipelago yoLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki nakumantla eWest Indies .  Baziwa ikakhulu ngokhenketho nanjengeziko lezemali elingaphesheya kolwandle . Inani labemi ngoJulayi ka-2021 libekwe kuma-57,196, liyenza indawo yesithathu ngobukhulu kwimimandla yaseBritane phesheya kolwandle ngabantu. 

Iziqithi zisemzantsi-mpuma weMayaguana kwikhonkco lesiqithi saseBahamas nakumantla esiqithi saseHispaniola ( iHaiti kunye neDominican Republic ). IGrand Turk (idolophu yaseCockburn), ikomkhulu ukususela ngo-1766, imi kwiSiqithi saseGrand Turk  malunga  empuma-mpuma yeMiami . Banomhlaba opheleleyo  . 

Kwezi ziqithi bekumiwe kangangeenkulungwane ngabemi bomthonyama . Eyokuqala erekhodiweyo yaseYurophu ukubona kubo kwaba ngo 1512.  Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, babangwa ngamagunya aliqela aseYurophu, yaye ekugqibeleni uBukhosi baseBritani baba nolawulo. Kangangeminyaka emininzi ayelawulwa ngokungangqalanga eBermuda, eBahamas naseJamaica . Xa iBahamas yafumana inkululeko ngo-1973, iziqithi zafumana irhuluneli yazo, kwaye ziye zahlala zingummandla ozimeleyo ukususela ngoko.
Sen Marino

**ISan Marino** (  ,  ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseSan Marino**    (    ;    ), ekwabizwa ngokuba **yeyona Republic iSerene yaseSan Marino**  (   ), yindawo encinci yaseYurophu kunye nelizwe elivalelwe yi -Itali .  Ibekwe kwicala elikumntla-mpuma weeNtaba ze-Apennine, iSan Marino lilizwe lesihlanu-elincinci emhlabeni  kwaye igubungela umhlaba ongaphezulu nje    , enabemi abangama-33,562. 

ISan Marino lilizwe elivaliweyo ; kunjalo, isiphelo sawo kumntla-mpuma ungaphakathi  yesixeko Italian of Rimini kunxweme Adriatic . Isikhululo seenqwelomoya esikufutshane sikwaseItali. Ikomkhulu lelizwe, isiXeko saseSan Marino, simi phezu kweMonte Titano, ngelixa indawo enkulu yokuhlala iyiDogana ngaphakathi komasipala omkhulu waseSerravalle . Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwaseSan Marino sisiTaliyane .

Ilizwe lifumana igama lalo kwiSaint Marinus, umqibi wamatye osuka kwisiqithi saseRoma iRab kwiCroatia yanamhlanje. Wazalwa ngo-AD 275, uMarinus wathatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kweendonga zesixeko saseRimini emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwazo ngabaphangi baseLiburnian . UMarinus emva koko uye wafumana indawo yokuhlala yeemonki ezimeleyo eMonte Titano ngo AD 301; ngoko ke, iSan Marino yenza ibango lelona lizwe lidala elikhoyo elizimeleyo, kunye nelona lizwe lidala lomgaqo-siseko . 

Ngokukodwa, umgaqo-siseko waseSan Marino uyalela ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho eyonyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi, iBhunga eliKhulu kunye neGenerali, kufuneka linyule iintloko zamazwe amabini rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Eyaziwa ngokuba ngabaphathi be-regent, iintloko zombuso ezimbini zisebenza ngaxeshanye kwaye zinamandla alinganayo de ixesha labo liphele emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Uqoqosho lweli lizwe ikakhulu lusekelwe kwezemali, kushishino, iinkonzo, ukuthengisa kunye nokhenketho . Lelinye lawona mazwe atyebileyo kwihlabathi kwi -GDP ngomntu ngamnye, enenani elinokuthelekiswa neyona mimandla iphuhlileyo yaseYurophu.  Inkqubo yayo yokhathalelo lwempilo ibekwe kwindawo yesi-3 kuhlahlelo lokuqala lweWorld Health Organisation lweenkqubo zempilo zehlabathi.
Maltha

**Malta**   ,  ,   ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseMalta** (     ), lilizwe lesiqithi kuMazantsi Yurophu, ekuLwandle lweMeditera . Iqulathe ichwebakazi, phakathi kweItali neLibya .  Ihlala kuma  emazantsi eSicily ( eItali ),  kwimpuma yeTunisia,  kunye ne  emantla eLibya . 

Iilwimi ezisemthethweni ziziMalta kunye nesiNgesi, kwaye i-66% yabemi baseMalta yangoku banolwazi ubuncinane ngolwimi lwesiTaliyane .

IMalta ibimiwe ukusukela malunga ne5900 BC.  Indawo yayo embindini weMeditera  ngokwembali iyinike ukubaluleka kobuchule njengesiseko somkhosi waselwandle, ngokulandelelana kwamagunya akhuphisanayo kwaye alawula iziqithi, kubandakanya amaFenike kunye namaCarthaginians, amaRoma, amaGrike, ama-Arabhu, amaNorman, amaAragonese., Knights of St. John, French, and British, phakathi kwabanye. 

Ngabantu abamalunga nama-516,000  kummandla wama-   ,  iMalta lilizwe leshumi-elincinci kwihlabathi ngokwengingqi   kunye nesine ilizwe elinabantu abaninzi elizimeleyo . Ikomkhulu layo yiValletta, eyona mali incinci yelizwe kwi- European Union ngokwengingqi nabemi. Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-2020 yi -Eurostat, i-Functional Urban Area kunye nommandla we-metropolitan wagubungela sonke isiqithi kwaye unabemi be-480,134,   kwaye ngokutsho kweZizwe eziManyeneyo, i- ESPON kunye ne-EU Commission, "indawo yonke IMalta yenza idolophu enye".   I-Malta ngokunyukayo ibizwa ngokuba yi- city-state,    kwaye ikwadweliswe kuluhlu olubhekiselele kwizixeko  okanye imimandla yemetropolitan.  
 
IMalta yaba yikoloni yaseBritane ngo-1813, isebenza njengesikhululo sendlela yeenqanawa kunye nekomkhulu leBritish Mediterranean Fleet . Yayirhangqwe ngamagunya e-Axis ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwaye yayisisiseko esibalulekileyo se-Allied ekusebenzeni eMntla Afrika nakwiMeditera.   Ipalamente yaseBritane yapasisa uMthetho wokuzimela kweMalta ngo-1964, inika iMalta inkululeko kwi-United Kingdom njengeLizwe laseMalta, kunye no -Elizabeth II njengokumkanikazi wayo.  Eli lizwe laba yiriphabliki ngowe-1974. Ibe lilungu leManyano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo ukusukela ekufumaneni inkululeko, yaza yajoyina i -European Union ngo-2004; yaba yinxalenye yomanyano lwemali lwe-eurozone ngo-2008.

IMalta inamaKristu ukusukela ngexesha lobuKristu bokuqala, nangona ubukhulu becala yayingamaSilamsi ngelixa yayiphantsi kolawulo lwama-Arabhu, ngelo xesha amaKristu ayenyanyezelwa. Ulawulo lwamaSilamsi lwaphela ngokuhlasela kukaNorman eMalta nguRoger I ngo-1091. Namhlanje, ubuKatolika yinkolo yaseburhulumenteni, kodwa uMgaqo-siseko waseMalta uqinisekisa inkululeko yesazela neyonqulo.   Uqoqosho lwaseMalta luxhomekeke kakhulu kukhenketho, kwaye ilizwe lizikhuthaza njengendawo yokuya eMeditera kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo xa kuthelekiswa neYurophu iphela, iindawo ezininzi zokuzonwabisa, kunye nezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo kunye nembali, kubandakanywa iindawo ezintathu zeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO : Ħal Saflieni . IHypogeum,  iValletta,  kunye neetempile ezisixhenxe ze-megalithic ezizezinye zezakhiwo ezindala ezikhululekileyo kwihlabathi.
Montenegro

**Montenegro**   ;    ,   ,   Intaba Emnyama &#x27; )   lilizwe elikuMzantsi -mpuma weYurophu .  Iyinxalenye yeeBalkans kwaye ijikelezwe yiBosnia kunye neHerzegovina ukuya emantla-ntshona, iSerbia ukuya emantla-mpuma, iKosovo ngasempuma, iAlbania emazantsi-mpuma, iCroatia ukuya emazantsi-ntshona, kunye noLwandle lweAdriatic emazantsi kunye nonxweme oluyi-293.5&nbsp;km.  I-Podgorica, idolophu enkulu kunye neyona dolophu inkulu, igubungela i-10.4% yommandla waseMontenegro we- , kwaye ilikhaya malunga ne-31% yabemi bayo bebonke abangama-621,000.  I-Cetinje yayilikomkhulu langaphambili lasebukhosini (    ) yaseMontenegro kwaye yindawo yamaziko aliqela kazwelonke, kubandakanywa nendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni kamongameli waseMontenegro . 

Ngexesha le- Early Medieval, iinqununu ezintathu zazibekwe kwintsimi yeMontenegro yanamhlanje: iDuklja, ngokumalunga nesiqingatha esisezantsi; Travunia, ngasentshona; kunye neRascia efanelekileyo, emantla.    Inqununu yeZeta yavela kwi-14th kunye ne-15th inkulungwane. Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14 ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, imimandla emikhulu yaseMontenegro yayilawulwa yiRiphabliki yaseVenetian yaza yafakwa kwiAlbania yaseVenetian .  Igama elithi *Montenegro* laqala ukusetyenziswa ukubhekisa kweli lizwe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15. Emva kokuwa phantsi kolawulo loBukhosi base-Ottoman, iMontenegro yafumana ukuzimela kwayo okwesibini ngo-1696 phantsi kolawulo lweNdlu yasePetrović-Njegoš, okokuqala njengolawulo lobuthixo kwaye kamva njengolawulo lwehlabathi . Ukuzimela kweMontenegro kwaqatshelwa ngamaGunya amakhulu kwiNkongolo yaseBerlin ngowe-1878. Ngowe-1910, eli lizwe laba bubukumkani .

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ubukumkani baba yinxalenye yeYugoslavia . Emva kokuqhekeka kweYugoslavia, iiriphabliki zaseSerbia nezaseMontenegro zidibene zamisela umanyano . Ukulandela ireferendamu yenkululeko eyayibanjwe ngoMeyi ka-2006, iMontenegro yabhengeza ukuzimela kwayo ngoJuni ka-2006 kwaye umanyano lwachithwa. 

I-Montenegro inoqoqosho oluphezulu lwengeniso ephakathi  kwaye ibeka i-48 kwi- Index yoPhuhliso loLuntu .  Lilungu leZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-NATO, uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi, uMbutho woKhuseleko kunye neNtsebenziswano eYurophu, iBhunga laseYurophu, kunye neSivumelwano soRhwebo esiKhululwa kuMbindi Yurophu .  IMontenegro ikwalilungu eliseka iManyano yeMeditera,  kwaye ikwinkqubo yokujoyina i-European Union   .
Indawo yaseLajes

**I-Lajes Field** okanye **i-Lajes Air Base,** **i-Air Base etyunjwe ngokusemthethweni enguNombolo 4** ( *Base Aérea Nº 4*, **BA4,** yindawo yomoya esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi kufuphi neLajes kunye ne  kumntla-mpuma weAngra do Heroísmo  kwiSiqithi saseTerceira eAzores, ePortugal . Likhaya kwiPortuguese Air Force *Base Aérea N º4* kunye neAzores Air Zone Command, iyunithi yebutho loMkhosi woMoya waseUnited States (eqhutywa yi -65th Air Base Group of United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa ), kunye nesikhululo sommandla wabakhweli bomoya. Imi malunga nama  kwimpuma yeSixeko saseNew York kwaye malunga ne  kwintshona yeLisbon, ePortugal; Isiseko sihlala kwindawo ecwangcisiweyo phakathi koMntla Melika kunye neYurophu kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki emantla .
Canosa di Puglia

**ICanosa di Puglia**, eyaziwa ngokuba **yiCanosa**, yidolophu kunye *nedolophu* kwiphondo laseBarletta-Andria-Trani, eApulia, kumazantsi e-Itali. Itholakala phakathi kweBari kunye neFoggia, kumda osemntla-ntshona we-plateau ye- Murgia elawula i- Ofanto Valley kunye namathafa abanzi aseTavoliere delle Puglie, ukusuka kwiNtaba yeVulture e- Gargano, ukuya kunxweme lwase -Adriatic . ICanosa, **iCanusium** yaseRoma, ithathwa njengeziko eliphambili lezakudala lase-Apulia, kwaye sesinye sezona zixeko zidala ezihlala abantu e-Itali.  Inani leevazi kunye nezinye izinto ezifunyenweyo ze-archaeological zifumaneka kwiimyuziyam zasekhaya kunye neengqokelela zabucala. Akukude kwisikhundla soMlambo i-Ofanto apho amaRoma afumana indawo yokusabela emva kokoyiswa kweMfazwe yaseCannae kwaye yindawo yokungcwaba yaseBohemund I yaseAntiyokwe.
Skalbmierz

**ISkalbmierz** ngumasipala wasePoland wasezidolophini-semaphandleni kwiSithili seKazimierza Wielka, iHoly Cross Voivodeship.Ithatha indawo eyi-86.21 km² kwaye ngo- 2004 yayinabemi abangama-6,957.
Ntsundu

**Umdaka** ngumbala. Inokuthi ithathwe njengombala odibeneyo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngumthunzi omnyama we-orange. Kwimodeli yombala we-CMYK esetyenziselwa ukuprinta kunye nokupeyinta, umdaka uvame ukwenziwa ngokudibanisa imibala e-orange kunye nomnyama.    Kwimodeli yombala we-RGB esetyenziselwa ukuveza imibala kwizikrini zikamabonwakude kunye neemonitha zekhompyuter, umdaka udibanisa obomvu noluhlaza.

Umbala omdaka ubonwa ngokubanzi kwindalo, iinkuni, umhlaba, umbala weenwele zomntu, umbala wamehlo kunye nombala wolusu . UBrown ngumbala womthi omnyama okanye umhlaba otyebileyo.  

Ngokutsho kohlolisiso olwenziwa ngabantu baseYurophu naseUnited States, umdaka ngowona mbala ungawuthandiyo uluntu; idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokucaca, i-rustic, indle, kunye nobuhlwempu,  nangona inakho unxulumano oluhle, kuquka ukubhaka, ukufudumala, izilwanyana zasendle kunye nokwindla.

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Iorenji (isiqhamo)

**Iorenji** sisiqhamo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-citrus kwintsapho yaseRutaceae (jonga uluhlu lwezityalo ezaziwa ngokuba ziorenji ); ibhekisa ikakhulu *kwiCitrus* × *sinensis*,  ekwabizwa ngokuba yiorenji eswiti, ukuyahlula *kwiCitrus × aurantium* ehambelana nayo, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengeorenji ekrakra . I-orange emnandi ivelisa i-asexually ( i-apomixis ngokusebenzisa i-nucellar embryony ); Iindidi ze-orenji eziswiti zivela ngotshintsho.    

Iorenji ngumxube phakathi kwepomelo ( *Citrus maxima* ) kunye nemandarin ( *Citrus reticulata* ).   The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. Iorenji eswiti inegenome yayo epheleleyo elandelelanayo . 

Iorenji yavela kummandla oquka i-Southern China, uMntla-mpuma we-Indiya, kunye neMyanmar,   kwaye ukukhankanywa kwangaphambili kwe-orenji eswiti yayikuncwadi lwesiTshayina ngo-314 BC.  , orange trees were found to be the most cultivated fruit tree in the world. Imithi ye-orenji ikhuliswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu kunye nemozulu eshushu ngenxa yeziqhamo zayo ezimnandi. Isiqhamo somthi we-orenji sinokutyiwa sisitsha, okanye silungiselwe incindi yaso okanye amaxolo anuka kamnandi.  , sweet oranges accounted for approximately 70% of citrus production.

Ngo-2019, i-79 yezigidi zeetoni zeeorenji zakhuliswa kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye iBrazil ivelisa i-22% yetotali, ilandelwa yi -China ne -Indiya .
Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseFoggia

**Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseFoggia**  ikhonza isixeko kunye *ne-comuni* yaseFoggia, kummandla wase- Apulia, e-Southern Italy . Ivulwe ngo-1864, iyinxalenye ye- Adriatic Railway (Ancona-Lecce), kwaye sisiphelo sikaloliwe waseNaples-Foggia . It is also a junction for several other, secondary lines, namely the Foggia–Manfredonia, Lucera–Foggia and Foggia–Potenza railways.

Isikhululo ngoku silawulwa yi -Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Iinkonzo zikaloliwe ziqhutywa yi -Trenitalia . Nganye kwezi nkampani iphantsi kweFerrovie dello Stato (FS), inkampani kaloliwe yase-Italiyane.
ISpakkata

Okubizwa ngokuba yi- **split** yisikhundla esithathwa ngumzimba womntu apho imilenze ihambelana neendlela ezichaseneyo, ngokufanelekileyo yenza i-angle ye-180 °. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuna, ngokukodwa, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwezihlunu ezifana ne- hip flexors, i-quadriceps kunye ne-hamstrings. A 

Ukwahlula kwenziwa ikakhulu kwimisebenzi yezemidlalo efana nejimnastiki, umdaniso, ubugcisa bokulwa, ukuqubha okuhambelanayo, kunye nokutyibiliza ngomfanekiso.

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Badla ngokudlala indima ethile okanye banokuba yinxalenye yobuchule bezemidlalo obuvavanywayo ebudeni bokhuphiswano, ngoxa kwimeko yekarati busebenza ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhaba okukhulu ngakumbi. Ukwahlula kwenziwa kwakhona kwi -yoga (njengaseHanumanasana, okanye i-monkey pose). Okokugqibela, ngokulula ngakumbi, banokubonisa indlela yokwelula.
ELimassol

**ILimassol**   yamaRomany : _ _&nbsp;*Lemesós* 

 [lemeˈsos] ;  : *Limasol*

okanye  ) sisixeko esikunxweme olusemazantsi eSipro kunye nekomkhulu lesithili esinegama elifanayo . ILimassol yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu edolophini eSipro emva kweNicosia, enabemi basezidolophini abangama-183,658  kunye nabemi bedolophu abangama-239,842.  

Kwi-2014, i-Limassol yabekwa kwindawo ye -TripAdvisor njengendawo yesi-3 ephezulu kwaye ezayo kwihlabathi, kwiindawo zayo eziPhezulu zokuKhetha zabahambi ezili-10 kuluhlu lokunyuka.   Esi sixeko sikwabekwe kwindawo yama-89 kwihlabathi liphela kuPhando lweMercer lokuPhila (2017).  

Kwinqanaba lika-2020 elipapashwe yiGlobalization kunye neWorld Cities Research Network, iLimassol yahlelwa njenge "Gamma -" isixeko sehlabathi .
2022 FIFuRoni da Futboll

**2022 FIFuRoni da Futboll** yayiyiNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA yama-22, iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA ka - 2022, ubuntshatsheli behlabathi bequadrennial kumaqela esizwe ebhola ekhatywayo eququzelelwe yiFIFA. Kwenzeke eQatar ukusuka kwi-20 kaNovemba ukuya kwi-18 kaDisemba 2022, emva kokuba ilizwe linikezelwe ngamalungelo okubamba kwi-2010. YayiyiNdebe yeHlabathi yokuqala ukubanjwa kwilizwe lama-Arabhu namaSilamsi, kwaye eyesibini ukubanjwa ngokupheleleyo e-Asia emva kwetumente ka-2002 eMzantsi Korea naseJapan.

Le tumente ibiyeyokugqibela enamaqela angama-32 athathe inxaxheba, inani lamaqela linyuswe laya kutsho kuma-48 kuhlelo luka-2026 . Ukunqanda ukugqithiswa kwemozulu eshushu yaseQatar, umcimbi wawubanjwe ngoNovemba noDisemba. Yabanjwa ngexesha elincitshisiweyo leentsuku ezingama-29 kunye nemidlalo engama-64 edlalwa kwiindawo ezisibhozo kwizixeko ezihlanu. I-Qatar ingene kulo mcimbi-iNdebe yeHlabathi yabo yokuqala-ngokuzenzekelayo njengeqela lesizwe lomkhosi, kunye namaqela angama-31 agqitywe yinkqubo yokufaneleka.

IArgentina yabekwa njengengqwelomoya emva kokuphumelela umdlalo wokugqibela kwiFrance 4-2 kwiipenalti emva kokutsala 3-3 emva kwexesha elongezelelweyo. Yayilixesha lesithathu leArgentina, ibe yayilixesha labo lokuqala ukususela ngo-1986, kwakunye nelizwe lokuqala ngaphandle kweYurophu eliphumelele ukhuphiswano ukususela ngo-2002.
Nayija

okanye **iNiger** ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseNiger** lilizwe elingenamanzi eNtshona Afrika. Lilizwe elidibeneyo elingumda weLibya kumntla-mpuma, iChad empuma, iNigeria emazantsi, iBenin neBurkina Faso emazantsi ntshona, iMali entshona neAlgeria emantla ntshona.

## I-Etymology
Igama livela kuMlambo iNiger ogeleza entshona yelizwe; ithiyori malunga nemvelaphi yegama lomlambo kukuba livela kwisiTuareg n'eghirren elithetha 'amanzi agelezayo'. Ukubiza amagama ngesiFrentshi ngu /niːˈʒɛər/, ngelixa kwii-media zesiNgesi /ˈnaɪdʒər/ kusetyenziswa.
TV Diário

**I-TV Diário** (i-Daily TV) sisikhululo sikamabonwakude eBrazil esizinze kwisixeko saseFortaleza, ikomkhulu lelizwe laseCeará. Kukwa-Sistema Verdes Mares, enye yeengqungquthela zeendaba eziphambili zelizwe, ezibandakanya i-TV Verdes Mares, i-FM 93 kunye ne-Verdes Mares kunye nephephandaba *[[Diário do Nordeste|i-Diário do Nordeste]]*. Isikhululo saziwa ngokuvelisa inkqubo yasekhaya ngokupheleleyo egxile kwizithethe zoMmandla waseMntla-mpuma weBrazil.
Télé Tchad

**I-Télé Tchad** yinkampani yoluntu evelisa kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza kunomathotholo nakumabonakude e-Chad . Yayilwa ngoDisemba 10, 1987 , isasaza ngesiFrentshi nesiArabhu.
Ngo-2023 eNigerien coup d'état

Ngomhla wama-26 kaJulayi 2023, amajoni avela kunogada waseNiger wabamba uMongameli u-Mohamed Bazoum, ngelixa elinye iqela lamajoni labhengeza ukubhukuqwa kwakhe, ukuvala imida yelizwe, ukumisa amaziko karhulumente kunye nokuvakalisa ixesha lokuhamba komntu ngelixa bebhengeza ukwakhiwa kwe-junta. 

Le yayiyimbambano yesibini yemfazwe ukususela ekuzuzeni ilizwe inkululeko ngowe-1960.

Ngo-Agasti 10, 2023, i-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) yagqiba ekubeni igcine ukhetho lokungenelela emkhosini eNiger. ngaloo ndlela ivula indlela yokuhlanganisa umkhosi ekufuneka ubukhulu becala ubunjwe ngamajoni aseNigeria naseSenegal.https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1472546/politique/coup-detat-au-niger-la-cedeao-retient-loption-militaire/.

## Uhlalutyo
Ubhukuqo-mbuso lolwesixhenxe ukwenzeka eNtshona nakuMbindi Afrika ukusukela ngo-2020
Télé Sahel

UTélé Sahel ngumsasazi welizwe laseNtshona Afrika eNiger. Ilawulwa kwaye iqhutywa yiOfisi kaRhulumente yeRadio kunye neTelevishini yaseNiger, izikhululo zayo zisasazwa kuwo onke amaziko asezidolophini. Eyasungulwa kwi-1964, uMoussa Saley unguMlawuli Jikelele wangoku. 
I-Télé Sahel yasetyenziselwa ukusasaza isibhengezo se -2023 Nigerien coup d'état.

## Bona kwakho

* Imidiya yaseNiger

## Iimbekiselo
Aupaluk

**Aupaluk** () ilali esemantla eNunavik, kwingingqi yaseNord-du-Québec yaseQuebec . Yeyona ndawo inabantu abaninzi abangama- Inuit eNunavik .

Igama lithetha "apho umhlaba ubomvu khona", libhekisela kumhlaba wawo onentsimbi.

Abemi bayo bayanda: yayiyi-195 ngo-2011, isuka kwi-159 ngo-2001.

I-Aupaluk ifumaneka kunxweme olusentshona Unawe Foundation, emantla Tasiujaqname kwaye 80&nbsp;km emzantsi Kangirsuk.

Inikezelwa sisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAupaluk esikufuphi.

Ukususela ngo-1996, i-Kativik Regional Police Force (KRPF) ibonelela ngeenkonzo zamapolisa kule lali.

## Iimbekiselo
Amadou Abdramane

**Amadou Abdramane**  () ligosa loMkhosi woMoya waseNigerien osebenze njengesithethi seBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko lweLizwe ukusukela ngo-2023 eNigerien coup d'état ngomhla wama-26 kaJulayi 2023 kwaye wathatha inxaxheba ekumiselweni kuka- Abdourahamane Tchiani njengoMongameli welizwe. IRiphabhlikhi yaseNiger . 

**Amadou Abdramane**  ligosa loMkhosi woMoya waseNigerien osebenze njengesithethi seBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko lweLizwe ukusukela ngo-2023 eNigerien coup d'état ngomhla wama-26 kaJulayi 2023 kwaye wathatha inxaxheba ekumiselweni kuka- Abdourahamane Tchiani njengoMongameli welizwe. IRiphabhlikhi yaseNiger . 

## Iimbekiselo
Boeing 737

**IBoeing 737** yinqwelo moya emxinwa eveliswe nguBoeing kwiifektri zayo i-Everett kunye neRenton eWashington .Iphuhliselwe ukuncedisa i- Boeing 727 kwiindlela ezimfutshane nezibhityileyo, i-twinjet igcina ububanzi be-fuselage engama-707 kunye nezihlalo ezithandathu ezilinganayo kodwa zine-underwing turbofans ezimbini endaweni yezine. Kucingelwa ukuba ngo-1964, i-737-100 yokuqala yenza inqwelomoya yayo yokuqala ngo-Epreli ka-1967 yaza yaqalisa inkonzo ngoFebruwari ka-1968 eLufthansa .I-737-200 eyandisiweyo yangena kwinkonzo ngo-Epreli 1968, kwaye yavela kwizizukulwana ezine, inikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zabakhweli abangama-85 ukuya kuma-215.

Ii-737-100/200 ezahluka-hlukeneyo zaye zanikwa amandla yi- Pratt & Whitney JT8D ii-injini ezidlulayo eziphantsi kwaye zinika indawo yokuhlala abantu abangama-85 ukuya kwi-130. Yaziswa ngo-1980 kwaye yaziswa ngo-1984, i- 737 Classic -300/400/500 ezahlukeneyo zaphuculwa kunye ne -CFM56-3 turbofans kwaye zinika i-110 kwizihlalo ze-168. Yaziswa ngo-1997, i -737 Next Generation (NG) -600/700/800/900 ezahlukeneyo ziye zahlaziywa i-CFM56-7 turbofans, iphiko elikhulu kunye ne- cockpit yeglasi ephuculweyo, kunye nesihlalo se-108 ukuya kuma-215 abakhweli. Isizukulwana samva nje, i- 737 MAX, 737-7/8/9/10 MAX, inikwe amandla yi- CFM LEAP -1B ephezulu ye-bypass turbofans kunye ne-138 ukuya kwi-204 abantu, bangene kwinkonzo kwi-2017.
Jackhammer

Igama elithi **hammer pneumatic**, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimotopick, libhekisa kumatshini wokomba wepercussion. Isetyenziselwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumsebenzi wokutyunyuzwa kwamatye okanye umsebenzi wokwembiwa kwendlela.
Imidlalo yePasifiki ka-2023

**IMidlalo yePasifiki ka-2023** iya kuba luhlelo lwe-17 lwetumente ye- Oceania ephezulu yemidlalo emininzi kwaye iya kubanjelwa eHoniara, kwiiSolomon Islands, iphawula okokuqala ukuba isixeko sibambe imidlalo.

## Ezemidlalo

## Ikhalenda

## Iimbekiselo
Abdourahamane Tchiani

**Abdourahamane Tchiani** (enye indlela: **Abdourahmane Tchiani** ) wazalwa ngo-1960 okanye ngo-1961)  ligosa lomkhosi laseNiger elingumongameli weBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko lweLizwe, umbutho womkhosi waseNiger.

## Obomi bakwangoko
U-Abdourahamane Tchiani uvela kwiNgingqi yaseTillabéri, eyona ndawo iphambili yokuqesha umkhosi waseNiger kwintshona yelizwe. Ulilungu lamaHausa.  Wajoyina umkhosi kwi-1984 waza wafunda kwiSikolo seSizwe samaGosa aSebenzayo eThiès, eSenegal. 

## Ukuhluthwa kwamandla
Ubhukuqo lwakhe lukhokelele kwintlekele yaseNiger ngo-2023 .

## Iimbekiselo
Ulwaluko

**Ulwaluko**, ulwaluko okanye ukwaluka kukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni, lisiko lamandulo lokwaluka elalisenziwa nelisenziwa ngamaXhosa nangona yayingengawo odwa , kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika. Eli siko ngokwesithethe lijongwa njengeziko lokufundisa, ukulungiselela ulutsha olungamadoda uxanduva lobudoda.  Inkwenkwe engekoluki kuthiwa *yinkwenkwe*, nokuba ingakanani na ubudala, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ithabathe inxaxheba kwizinto zamadoda ezifana, nokuyala,ukuzeka ukukhokela isiko kunye nokubayinxalenye yeentlanganiso zezizwe. eli siko libaluleke kakhulu ekoxhonxeni indodana ukuze ifunde izinto ezininzi ukuqala ekufundeni ukuthatha uxanduva kwizinto ezisisiseko endingabalula ukondla usapho, ukugcina ikhaya, ukwandisa ikhaya
Uluhlu lweentloko zamazwe aseNiger

Olu **luhlu lweentloko zamazwe eNiger** ukusukela oko ilizwe lafumana inkululeko kwiFrance ngo-1960 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. 

Intloko yangoku yelizwe laseNiger nguMongameli weBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko lweLizwe, u-Abdourahamane Tchiani, i-ofisi yokungena ngojulayi 26, 2023 

## Uluhlu lwabongameli (1960-ngoku)
ITonga 0–22 eOstreliya

Ngomhla wesi-9 kuTshazimpuzi ka-2001, iTonga kunye neOstreliya zadlala umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo wamazwe ngamazwe kwiBala Lemidlalo laMazwe ngaMazwe eCoffs Harbour kwiphondo laseOstreliya eNew South Wales . Umdlalo ibingumdlalo weOceania Football Confederation (OFC) kumjikelo wokuqala wokungenela iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA ka-2002 . ITonga, ebizwa ngokuba liqela lasekhaya kulo mdlalo wokuhlungela i-robin, yabethwa ngo’0–22 yi-Australia. Oku kwabetha irekhodi yamazwe ngamazwe yangaphambili ye-20-0 ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2000 xa i-Kuwait yahlula i-Bhutan ngomhla we-12 ngoFebruwari 2000 kwi- qualification ye-2000 AFC Asian Cup. Umda wokoyiswa uphinde wabetha irekhodi langaphambili kumdlalo wokuhlungela iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA, isiphumo se-19-0 phakathi kwe-Iran neGuam eTabriz ngoNovemba ka-2000. Umda wagqithiswa kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva xa i-Australia yaphinda yaphumelela, yoyisa iqela lase-American Samoa eliphelelweyo ngamanqaku angama-31-0.
Mars

**IMars** sisijikelezi -langa sesine kunye neyona planethi ikude neLanga . Umbala obomvu womphezulu wawo ubangelwa yintsimbi ecolekileyo (III) ye-oxide yomhlaba, eyinika igama lesidlaliso "iPlanethi eBomvu".   Iradiyasi kaMars yeyesibini ngobukhulu kwiiplanethi ezikwiSolar System kwi-. I- Martian dichotomy ibonakala phezu komhlaba: ngokomyinge, umhlaba osemantla we-Mars uthambile kwaye ungaphantsi kune-hemisphere yayo esemazantsi. IMars ineatmosfera ebhityileyo eyenziwe ikakhulu yicarbon dioxide kunye neesathelayithi zendalo ezimbini ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga : Phobos kunye neDeimos .

Ngokwejoloji, iMars isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye needemoni zothuli ezityhutyha imbonakalo yomhlaba kunye neenyikima (i-analog yaseMartian ukuya kwiinyikima ) ezingcangcazela ngaphantsi komhlaba. Umphezulu we - Mars ubamba i -volcano enkulu yekhaka (i-Olympus Mons) kunye nenye yeenqanawa ezinkulu kwi-Solar System (Valles Marineris). Ukubaluleka kwe -orbital eccentricity ye-Mars kunye nokuthambeka kwe-axial kubangela utshintsho olukhulu lwamaxesha onyaka kugutyungelo lomkhenkce omhlophe kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu phakathi  ukuya kuma-  kumphezulu. Usuku lwe-Martian solar ( sol ) lulingana neeyure ezingama-24.5 kwaye unyaka welanga we-Martian ulingana neminyaka eyi-1.88 yoMhlaba.

Njengezinye iiplanethi ezikwiSolar System, uMars wasekwa malunga neminyaka eyi-4.5 yeebhiliyoni eyadlulayo. Ngexesha likaNoah ukususela malunga ne-4.1 ukuya kwi-3.7 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo, umphezulu we-Mars wawuphawulwe ngeempembelelo zemeteor, ukwakheka kweentlambo, ukhukuliseko, kunye nobukho obunokubakho bamanzi olwandle . Ixesha le-Hesperian ukusuka kwi-3.7 ukuya kwi-3.2-2 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo lalilawulwa yintaba -mlilo exhaphakileyo kunye nezikhukula eziqingqe imijelo emikhulu yokuphuma . Ixesha laseAmazon, elisaqhubeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, laphawulwa yimpembelelo yomoya kwiinkqubo zokwakheka komhlaba . Akwaziwa enoba ubomi bakha babakho kusini na kuMars .

IMars iphakathi kwezona zinto ziqaqambileyo kwisibhakabhaka soMhlaba, kwaye ke yaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Iimpawu zayo ze-albedo ezichasene kakhulu zenza ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo yokujongwa ngeteleskopu . Ukusukela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, uMars uye waphononongwa ziziphekepheke ezingaqhubiyo kunye neerovers, kunye ne-flyby yokuqala ye- *Mariner 4* probe ngo-1965, i-Mars orbiter yokuqala nge- *Mars 2* probe ngo-1971, kunye ne- *Viking 1* yokuqala ngo-1976. Ukusukela ngo-2023, kukho ubuncinane iiprobes ezisebenzayo ezili-11 ezijikeleza iMars okanye kumphezulu weMartian. Kungoku nje, iMars yeyona nto inomtsalane ekujoliswe kuyo kwikamva lokuqala leemishini zabantu phakathi kweeplanethi .
UYesu kwikhaya likaMarta noMariya

**UYesu kwikhaya likaMarta noMariya** (okwabizwa ngokuba **nguKristu kwiNdlu kaMarta** nangamanye amagama ahlukeneyo) ubhekisa kwisiganeko seBhayibhile sobomi bukaYesu kwiTestamente eNtsha esibonakala kuphela kwiVangeli kaLuka (  ), ngokukhawuleza emva koMzekeliso womSamariya Olungileyo.