open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Iqhenqa

Iqhenqa, elikwaziwa njengo-Hansen's disease (HD), lisisifo sexesha elide esibangelwa yi-bacteria Mycobacterium leprae ne-Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Ekuqaleni, izifo azinazo iimpawu kwaye zihlala zinjalo ukusukela kwisi-5 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20.[2] Iimpawu ezithi zivele ziquka ii-granuloma zemithambo-luvo, indlela yokuphefumla, isikhumba, namehlo.  [2] Oku kungabangela ukungabinakho ukuva intlungu kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamalungu ezandla neenyawo okubangelwa ngumonzakalo ophinda-phindayo okanye isifo esibangelwa ngamanxeba angaqatshelwanga.[4] Ubuthathaka kunye nokungaboni kakuhle nako kungakhona.

Iqhenqa liyasasazeka phakathi kwabantu. Kukholeleka ukuba lenzeka ngokukhohlela okanye ngokudibana nencindi esuka kwimpumlo yomntu owosulelekileyo. Iqhenqa lenzeka kakhulu phakathi kwabo bahlala entluphekweni kwaye kukholeleka ukuba lihanjiswa ngamathontsana okuphefumla. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eyaziwayo, alosuleli kakhulu. Iindidi ezinkulu ezimbini zezifo zisekeke kwinani leentsholongwane ezikhoyo: i-paucibacillary ne-multibacillary. Iindidi ezimbini zahlulwa luthotho lwe-lwezikhumba ezibi, iipetshi zezikhumba ezibi ezikhoyo, ezine-paucibacillary ezine-multibacillary ezintlanu okanye ezimbalwa nangaphezulu kwezintlanu. Uxilongo lngqinisekiswa ngokufunyanwa kwe-acid-fast bacilli kuxilongo lwesicwili sesikhumba okanye ngokufumana i-DNA kusetyenziswa i-polymerase chain reaction.

Iqhenqa liyanyangeka ngonyango olwaziwa njenge-multidrug therapy (MDT). Unyango lweqhenqa le-paucibacillary lungamachiza i-dapsonene-rifampicin kangangeenyanga ezintandathu. Unyango lwe-multibacillary luqulethe i-rifampicin, i-dapsone, ne-clofazimine kangangeenyanga ezili-12. Olu nyango lunikezwa mahala yi-World Health Organization. Uthotho lwamanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane nawo anokusetyenziswa. Ehlabathini jikelele ngo-2012, inani leemeko ezingapheliyo zeqhenqa lalingu-189,000 ukwehla ukusukela kwizigidi ezi-5.2 zangoo-1980. Inani lezi meko zintsha lalingu-230,000. Inkoliso yeemeko ezintsha zenzeka kumazwe ali-16, kunye neNdiya ethatha engaphezulu kwesiqingatha. Kwiminyaka engama-20 eyedlulayo, izigidi zabantu ezili-16 ehlabathini jikelele zaphiliswa kwiqhenqa. Zimalunga nama-200 iimeko ezaxelwayo ngonyaka ngamnye eMelika.

Iqhenqa lichaphazele uluntu kangangeminyaka engamawaka-waka. Isifo sithatha igama laso kwigama lesi--Latin elithi *lepra* into ethetha "scaly", ngelixa igama elithi "Hansen's disease" lithiywe emva kogqirha uGerhard Armauer Hansen.Ukwahlula abantu ngokubabeka kwii-iindawo zabantu abaneqhenqa kusenzeka kwiindawo ezinjenge-India, i-China, neAfrika. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweekoloni lwavalwa ngenxa yokuba iqhenqa alosuleli kakhulu.Ukubekwa ibala ekuhlaleni bekusayanyaniswa neqhenqa ixesha elikhulu lasezimbalini, into leyo esaqhubekayo nokuba ngumqobo ekuzixeleni nasekufumaneni unyango lwangoko. Abanye abantu eli gama lithi iqhenqa balithatha njengelisisenyeliso, bakhetha intetho ethi "abantu abosulelwe liqhenqa". I-World Leprosy Day yaqaliswa ngo-1954 ukwazisa ngolwazi kwabo bachatshazelwe liqhenqa.

## Imithombo
I-Autotroph

I-**autotroph** (igama livela kwigama leGrike      *elithi autos* = oko kuthetha ukuthi self aze yena u-*trophe* = athethe ukuthi nutrition) luhlobo lwe-organism (isidalwa esiphilayo) esikwaziyo ukuzenzela ii-organic compounds (Ukutya) kwii-molecules.

## Imisebenzi yazo
Ii-Autotrophs zifuneka kuzo zonke iintlobo zokutya ezikuluhlu lwe-chain yokutya, kuyo yonke  i-ecosystems. Zilanda i-energy kwi-environment (Ilanga okanye i-inorganic sources) zize ziyisebenzise ukuze zenze ezinye ii-organic molecules ezisetyenziselwa ukuba zenze imisebenzi ngemisebenzi yakwa-biology efana nokukhuliswa kwe-cell okanye ukulungiswa kwe-tissue eyaphukileyo. 

## Intlobo-ntlobo zazo
Izityalo nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikwaziyo ukusebenzisa i-photosynthesis zibizwa ngokuba zii-phototrophs (okanye  ii-photoautotrophs). Ii-bacteria ezisebenzisa ii-inorganic compounds ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide, i-phosphorus okanye i-iron zibizwa ngokuba zii-chemoautotrophs. Ezinye ii-organisms, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-heterotrophs, zitya ii-autotrophs. 

Kukho nezinye ii-species eziphila ngokutya ii-organic compounds, kodwa zibe zinakho ukusebenzisa ukukhanya njengendawo apho zifumana khona i-energy. ezi ke azikho-autotrophic, kodwa zona zi-heterotrophic. I- mixotroph yi-(micro)organism enokusebenzisa umxube we-energy ne-carbon ezimthombo wazo ukwindawo ngeendawo.
IsiGrike sakudala

IsiGrike sakudala sibandakanya iindlela ekwakusetyenziswa ngayo isiGrike kumaxesha amandulo eGreece nakumaxesha akudala-dala kwihlabathi kwisithuba seminyaka yenkulungwane ye-9 phambi kokuba kufike uKristu (BC) ukuya kumnyaka wenkulungwane yesi-6th emva kokuba uKristu elishiyile eli (AD). Esi siGrike sidla ngokwahlulwa ngokwamaxesha amathathu akudala-dala angala: esokuqala sesangexesha eli-archaic (ixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesi-9 ukuya kweyesi-6 Phambi kokuba azalwe uKristu, ixesha elaziwa ngokuba yi-BC ngesiNgesi), esesibini isiGrike sesangexesha eli-archaic (ixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesi-5 ukuya kweyesi-4 phambi kokuba azalwe uKristu, i-BC ngesiNgesi), esesithathu isiGrike sakudala sesangexesha eli-Hellenistic (ixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesi-3 phambi kokuba azalwe uKristu, ukuya kweyesi-6 emva kokuba ezelwe uKristu, ixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-after death okanye i-AD ngesiNgesi). Saqalwa ngu-Mycenaean Greek phambi kwenkulungwane yesibini phambi kokuba kuzalwe uKristu (i-BC nesiNgesi)
Sibusiso Klaas

U**Sibusiso Klaas** uzalwe ngonyaka we-1994 kweyeThupha ngomhla wama-25. Uzalelwe kwisibhedlele iSettlers, eRhini. 

## Imithombo yolwazi

*Maseko, P. Imbali ngoSibusiso. 1999
I-Khandida

***IKhandida*** yi-genus okanye ukuqokolelana kwee-yeasts. I-Yeasts luhlobo oluthile lwe- fungus. eli qela le-fungi lilelona qela lingunobangela oxhaphakileyo owenza   iusuleleko nge-fungus emhlabeni jikelele. Uninzi lwabantu sele lunayo okanye sele luvulelekile kweli qela le-fungus kodwa abakaguli bona. Ukuba umntu uphelelwa ngamandla ngenxa yasigulo simbi, le fungus ingasenza isifo. *I-Candida albicans* lolona hlobo lwe-Candida luxhaphakileyo. Usuleleko nggale fungus lubizwa ngokuba yi-candidiasis okanye yi-thrush. Ezinye iintlobo zeli qela zingafumaneka kwi-gut yomntu.

Abantu bangachatshazelwa lusuleleko lwegazi ngenxa yale fungus.  

Amachiza abizwa ngokuba zii-antibiotics aziyinyangi usuleleko lwe-yeast. into eyenzekayo kukuba i-antibiotic ingalunwenwisa ngakumbi usuleleko ngeCandida. Abafazi bangalufumana kwizinyi zabo usuleleko lweCandida. Amadoda nawo angalufumana usuleleko lweCandida ebudodeni babo. Ukuba umntu usebenzisa ii-antibiotics ixesha elide,  Maninzi kubo amathuba okufumana usuleleko lwe-Candida.  Abantu abaneswekile okanye i-HIV maninzi amathuba kubo okufumana usuleleko lwe-yeast.

## Indima yayo njenge-pathogen
Le fungus ingakhuliswa e-lab. I-*Candida* ibonakala ngathi zizazinge ezinkulu ezimile okwesangqa nesimhlophe nesimthubi elinuka njengesonka.I-*Candida* ingafumaneka phantse kuzo zonke izikhumba eziphilileyo.  Isikhumba esomileyo sine-fungus. Amanani amancinane ale fungus afumaneka kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Laa malungu yimpumlo, umqala nemiphunga; i-digestive system nesinyi. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.  

Xa le fungus idala isifo esisemlonyeni sibizwa ngokuba yi-thrush (i-oropharyngeal candidiasis). Xa le fungus idala isifo kwisizalo somfazi ibizwa ngokuba yi-vaginal candidiasis okanye kuthiwa nje yi-'yeast infection'. I-thrush ixhaphakile ebantwini abanxiba ii- dentures.

## Treatment
Abantu abaphila ngaphandle kokugula, usuleleko nge-candida lunganyangeka nge-oli yesikhumba  okanye ichiza elinokuginywa.   Amayeza esikhumba angathengwa evenkileni ngaphandle kokuba ubhalelwe ngugqirha.  Kubantu abasele begula kakade,  i-candidiasis ingasisigulo esinobunzulu obukhulu. Isenokudala i-abscess, thrombophlebitis, usuleleko lwentliziyo  (i-endocarditis). Isenokudala usululeko lwamehlo okanye lwezinye ii-organs. Usululeko lwe-Candida lungangena emzimbeni ngemikrwelo,ukugruzuka nokusikeka kwesikhumba.  

## I-Species
Ezinye ii-Candida ezibalulekileyo yi-*C. i-parapsilosis*, *C. tropicalis*, kunye ne-*C. dubliniensis*.

## References

## Ezinye ii-websites
Ii-substances

**Substance** may refer to:
* I-Chemical substance, yinto eluhlobo oluthile esoloko isenziwa nge-chemical composition
* *Into eluhlobo lwechiza<br> *
* I-Substance abuse,  sisiyobisi esinxulumene nokukhathalela impilo yabantu kunye nomthetho ojongene nokufumanisa unobangela weziyobisi ekuhlaleni.  
* ISubstance dependence, yi-drug enxulumene nokukhathalelwa kwempilo kwanomthetho ojongene nokufumanisa unobangela weziyobisi ekuhlaleni.  
* I-Matter, nantoni na enobunzima obubizwa ngokuba yi-mass, ize kwaloo nto ikwazi ukuthatha indawo kuloo ndawo ibekwe kuyo. Umzekelo, ikomotyi inobunzima bayo, kwaye xa ibekwe endaweni, loo ndawo ikuyo ikomityi ithathwe yikomotyi. Ngako oko ikomotyi yi-matter kuba inezinto ezimbini ezi zezi; ubunzima obuyi-mass; iphinde ikwazi ukuthatha okanye ukuvala indawo. 
* I-Substance theory, yi-theori ebonisa okokuba i-substance yahlukile kwiimpawu zayo. 
* *I-Substance* (Joy Division album), 1988
* *I-Substance* (Blank & Jones album), 2002
* *I-Substance 1987*, a New Order album
* "I-Substance", yingoma eculwa ngu-Haste the Day from *That They May Know You*
* *Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance*, an update of the video game *Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty*
* I-Homoousian, igama lesiKrirestu elithetha ukuba "same substance"

## Okunye okunxulumene  ngee-drugs
* Drug substance
** Substance abuse, drug-related healthcare and social policy diagnosis or label
** Substance dependence, drug-related healthcare and social policy diagnosis or label
I-humulus

I-***Humulus*** (okanye i-**hop**) sisityalo seentyatyambo. Sifumaneka kuMantla eHlabathi. Amathokazi ale ntyatyambo abizwa ngokuba zii-*cones*. I-hop kudidiyelwa ngayo utywala.
Imbila

I-**Imbila** nekwabizwa ngesiNgesi ngegama elithi *dassie* lulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesilwanyana olukwiqela lesine lwezilwanyana ezincinane nezinoboya, izilwanyana zasendle sayo ezincancisayo ngokokulandelelana kwe-Hyracoidea,  naziphi na iintlobo ezintandathu zezilwanyanana zemveli eAfrica nezininzi kakhulu kumzantsi-ntshona e-Eshiya.

Ii-Hyraxes zizidalwa ezingqukuva nezinoboya nezinomsila omfutshane.  umlinganiselo woninzi lwazo ezibude bazo buphakathi kwee-cm ezingama-30–70&#x20;&#x6B;&#x77;&#x61;&#x6E;&#x6F;&#x62;&#x75;&#x6E;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x6D;&#x61;&#x20;&#x62;&#x61;&#x7A;&#x6F;&#x20;&#x6F;&#x62;&#x75;&#x70;&#x68;&#x61;&#x6B;&#x61;&#x74;&#x68;&#x69;&#x20;&#x6B;&#x77;&#x65;&#x65;&#x2D;&#x6B;&#x67;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x2D;2–5&nbsp;kg.  Ii-hyraxes zikhankanyiwe kwiThestamente eNdala yeBhayibhile kwaye isenokuba yinyaniso into yokokuba igama elithi imbila ngesiHebhere lisuka kwigama elisetyenziswa e-Spain kule mihla siphila kuyo. Nangoku sele iimbila zingezozilwanyana zemveli e-Spain, iimpuku, kwaye ithiyori ixela okokuba abahloli bamaHebhere okuqala bazibona njengeentlobo ngeentlobo zeempuku ze-hyrax.
Iinyoka ze-vine

Iinyoka ze-vine zingabhekisa kwiqela leentlobo zeenyoka ukusuka kusapho tloluhlu lakwa-Colubridae:
* I-nyoka e-vine yaseJapane eyi-Genus *Ahaetulla*, 
* I-Genus *Chironius*, i-Sipos okanye iinyoka ze-vine ezintloko yazo isibanca
* Inyoka ye-vine eyi-Genus *Oxybelis*, Neotropical 
* Inyoka ye-vine eyi-Genus *Imantodes*, neotropical
Inyoka i-Ahaetulla fronticincta

**Uswazi lwenyoka kaGünther's**, **yinyoka yevine yase-Burmese **(i-***Ahaetulla fronticincta***) luhlobo lwenyoka efumaneka ematyholweni nakwezinye iindawo ezingenahlumo lwazityalo lungako,  ezinxuse imilambo ehambayo anamafukufuku emithi emincinane ikwiindawo ezigudle unxweme lwe-Myanmar (i-Burma). Kukwakho noshicilelo lakudala oluvela koomakhelwane basemntla-mpuma ye-India (i-Assam ne- Darjeeling), kodwa ezi ziyakrokrisa kwaye le nyoka ayizange ibe kwezi ndawo ngokophando lwakutsha nje. Ixhaphakile kwiindawo eqhele ukuhlala kuzo  ikwiqondo eyaziwa ngalo..

Le nyoka isisiquququ apha emini, kwaye xa zondla kuphela ngokutshicela ityhefu  entlanzini.  Ibhityile, inobude obungange-mitha e-1 nekuz(iinyawo ezi-3) ngobude, ikwaluhlaza okwengca okanye ibebumdaka ngokombala, ibemthubi ngaphantsi. Ikwa-ovoviviparous.

## Ukutya
Idla intlanzi kuphela.  Ithi xa iyinqakula emanzini intlanzi ibe ngelo xesha ihafu yomzimba wayo iwujijela kwisebe lomthi.   Olu hlobo lwale nyoka olunobungozi obungephi luthi lusakuyitshicela intlanzi ingakwazi ukuhamba.  

## Imithombo
I-phosphine

**I-phosphine **yi-compund yekhemikhali (umdibaniso weekhemikhali). Igama layo lobukhemikhali yi-**phosphorus hydride**. Ifomula yayo yongokobukhemikhali yi-PH3. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-**phosphane** ne-**phosphamine**. Ine-phosphide ne-hydrogen ions kuyo.

## Iimpawu zayo
Ayinambala, inamalangatye. Iyityhefu; ingabulala lula, nditsho sele ubukho bayo buphantsi okanye bungengakanani. Inuka ngathi yintlanzi. ingasuke ivuthe nje ingaqhwithwanga. Xa ivutha, yenza ilifu elimhlophe le-phosphorus(V) oxide, nto leyo icaphukisayo. 

## Ukwenziwa kwayo
Yenziwa xa i-hypophosphites ne-phosphites zitshiswa. Ikwenzeka xa i-phosphorus emhlophe ishukunyiswa yi-alkali eshushu.

## Ukusetyenziswa kwayo
Le gesi isetyenziselwa ukupnqanda imibundani. Ikwasetyenziswa ukwenza i-semiconductors. 

## amaphepha anxulumene nala
I-phosphide

I-**Phosphide** yi-ion. Iformula yayo yekhemikhali iba yi-sometimes P3  ngamanye amaxesha. ayisoloko inayo laa formula. Ingumnciphisi okanye isisithunywa esiphungulayo. I-Phosphides (zii-chemical compounds ezine-phosphide ion kuzo) zisebenza ngee-acids ukuze zenze i-phosphine gas.  I-Sodium phosphide ingumzekelo. Ezinye ii-phosphides zizii-semiconductors kwaye azizo-ionic ezinee-P3- ions. Azinantshukumo ingakanani ziyenzayo.  ezinye ii-metals zenza ii-alloys ezine-phosphorus ukuze zenze ii-phosphides. Ukuba i-ionic, oko kuthetha okokuba i-phosphorus ikwi-3 oxidation state.
I-oxidation state

I-**Oxidation state** ibhekisa kwinani lee-electrons elongezwe okanye esuswe kwi-element. I-metal ye-Sodium, umzekelo, ine-oxidation state esingu 0 kwi-elemental state. Kodwa ithi yakukhupha i-valence yayo enye (ngaphandle) ye-electron (ebonakaliswa ngo-e-), iyajika ibe yi-sodium ion ene-oxidation state sika-+1. I-Iron ngomnye umzekelo. Ingaphuncukana nee-electrons ezimbini, itsho yenze i-oxidation state engu- +2; okanye ingaphuncukana nezi-3, kutsho kwenzeke i-oxidation state ka-+3.

Ukuba ii-elements zifumana ii-electrons,zibane oxidation states e-negative. I-chlorine ifumana i-electron, yenza i-ion enye. Ukuba i-sulfur ifumana ii-electrons ezimbini, yenza -2 ion.

I-oxidation state ibonisa inombolo yee-atoms zezinye ii-elements ezi[//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/bind xhumene] ne-atom.

Zonke ii-elements zine-oxidation state esingu-0.
# I-oxygen inenani-oxidation number engu-2 kwinkoliso yemidibaniso ngaphandle kwe-peroxides apho inenani le-oxidation engu-1.
# I-hydrogen has oxidation state engu +1 kwimidibaniso emininzi ngaphandle kwee-elements ze-electropositive: i-Na.
# Ii-metals ze-alkali earth zine- oxidation state engu+2
# Ii-ametals ze-lkali zine-oxidation state engu-+1
I-sodium phosphite

I-**Sodium phosphite** yci-chemical compound, indibaniselwano yeekhemikhali eyenziwa yi- sodium kunye nee-phosphite ions. IIkhemikhal formula yayo ngu-Na3O3P. 

## [[Iimpawu]] zayo
Imhlophe ngombala. Iyityuwa ye-phosphorous acid. Iyityhefu. Isebenza njenge-reducing agent. isithunywa esiphungulayo ngamanye amazwi. 

## Ukwenziwa kwayo
Yenziwe ngentshukumo ye-sodium hydroxide idibene ne-phosphorous acid. 

## Amaphepha anxulumene nala
I-endogeny (yakwa-biology)

**Ii-substances okanye izinto kwaneenkqubo ezi-endogenous** zezo zisuka ngaphakathi kuloo nto kuthethwa ngayo, njenge-tissue, okanye i-cell.

Ii-endogenous viral elements (EVEs) ngumnombo we-DNA osuka kwii-viruses ezingena ngee-genomes zee-germ cells. zisuka kookhokho bento leyo kuthethwa ngayo. Lo mnombo, usenokuba ziziqendu ngeziqendu zee-viruses,  okanye ze-viral genomes (proviruses) xa iyonke ungasoloko ukho kwi-germline, ugqithiselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana  zizii-alleles, oko kuthetha okokuba sele ziziintlobo ngeentlobo oku kweelwimi zesiNguni.

Iinkqubo ze-endogenous zibandakanya i-senescence, i-menstrual cycle kunye nezingqi ezizilawulayo ezinje ngeze-circadian rhythms zezityalo nezezilwanyana.  

Kwiinkqubo ezithile zakwa-biology, i-endogeneity ibhekisa kwezo zidalwa zifumana i-DNA (kwii-prokaryotes ubukhulu becala). Ngangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-homeostasis, ukwahlula phakathi kwezo zenzeka ngaphandle ngaphakathi kusoloko kunzima.  

I-endogenous transcription factors zibhekisa kwezo zenziwa yi-cell,  zona azifani nezo zizii-cloned transcription factors.

## Imvelaphi yeli gama
igama elithi  **endogenous** /ɛnˈdɒdʒɪnəs/ livela kulwimi lwesiGrike sakudala ἐνδο-, "ngaphakathi" and -γενής, "vela nga-".

## Jonga nalapha
* I-Endogeneity (econometrics)
* I-Endogenous preferences
* I-Endogenous growth theory
* I-Endocrine system
* I-Exogeny

## Imibhalo



## Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Moscou

Moscou — (IziRus. Москва) Ikomkhulu IRashiya {Россия} 
Gimk kunxweme 1240 y


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Moscow Business Center 5073-84.jpg|
Trinitylavra.jpg|
IsiXeko saseKapa (Masepala sa Metro)

**IsiXeko saseKapa** e Masepala sa Metro ya UMzantsi Afrika.

## Geography
The munisipality has an area of 2455&nbsp;km².

## isiReferense
Imineral ekukutya

**Iiminerali zokutya zing**amalungu ekhemikhali ekufuneka zibeyinxalenye yezidlo ezidliwa zizinto eziphilayo, ukongeza kumalungu amane angala: ekhabhorni i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-oksijini la malungu sele exhaphake kakhulu kwizinto eziphefumlayo.  

Omnye wemizekelo eyaziwayo yi-calcium, efuneka kakhulu ebantwini nakwezinye  izilwanyana ezininzi ukuze zakhe amathambo namazinyo awomeleleyo. Inyama ebomvu ine-iron eninzi, nekuyimineral ethandwa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba sibenayo i-iron njengoko isenza ii-cells ezibombu egazini.  

## Amaphepha ahambelana nala
* I-Vitamin
* I-Essential fatty acid
* I-Essential amino acid
Inombolo ye-atom

**Inombolo yobu-atom  **(uphawu lwayo ngu-: **Z**) kwi-atom ichaza inani lee-protons kwi-nucleus ye-atom. Inombolo yobu-atom kwi-atom ichaza amalungu ekhemukhalu akuyo, ngamanye amazwi ichaza ukuba yiyiphi na i-element. Kwi-atom e-neutral, inani lobu-atom lilingangana nenani lee-electrons ezijikeleza apha kwi-nucleus.  Amalungu eekhemikhali adweliswe kwi-periodic table ngokwanda kwamanina obu-atom bawo.  

Inombolo yobu-atom akuthethi nto enye ne:  
* **I-atomic mass** (uphawu lwayo yi-: *m*a), ebubunzima be-atom enye, echazwa nge- unified atomic mass units  
* **I-mass number** (uphawu lwayo: **A**), engumdibaniso wenani lee-protons nelee- neutrons kwi-nucleus ye-atom. I-  
* **I-relative atomic mass** (ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-**atomic weight**;uphawu lwayo yi-: *A*r), nekungumyinge we-average mass per atom we-element ovela kumzekelo we1/12 noyi-mass ye-atom ye-carbon-12.  
Inombolo yobu-Atomic ayitshintshwa yinombolo ye-electrons okanye yee-neutrons; iba yinombolo ye-proton qwaba. 

## Amanye amaphepha afundiweyo
Ii-hops

**Ii-hops **ziintyatyambo zesityalo esifukufuku ziintyatyambo nesifumaneka kwi-humulus genus. Ii-Hops zibonakala ngokungathi zii-cones okanye izikhongozeli ezincinane,  kwaye kwenziwa ngazo utywala. Zizo ezenza okokuba utywala bube nelaa grangqa [//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/bitter likrakrayo] xa ubungcamla. Kwiinkulungwane ngeenkulungwane zeminyaka kusoloko  kusenziwa ngazo utywala, kwaye zazisoloko zesetyenziswa ngamaRoma kubuKumnkani bamaRoma.

## Nanga amaphepha athetha ngeli nqaku
Imibhobho yokuhamba kwegazi

**Umbhobho wegazi **yityhubhu engumthambo ethwala igazi xa lihamba lijikeleza umzimba. Imithambo yegazi ethatha igazi entliziyweni ingoonothumela. Ize imithambo yegazi ebuyisela igazi entliziyweni ibengoonobuyisa. Imithambo ezii-Capillaries yona iphakathi koonobuyisa noonothumela kwaye ezi-capillaries zondla igazi nge-tissue.  

Intliziyo xa idibene nayo yonke imithambo esemzimbeni ibizwa ngokuba yi-circulatory system. igazi lihamba ngokumpompa kwentliziyo lize lithwale ioksijini liyise kwii- tissues. 

Isenzo sokuya ivuleka imithambo yegazi sibizwa ngokuba yi-vasodilation, oku kwenzeka kunceda ukuba umzimba ukwazi ukugxotha amandla obushushu  (igama elingu-*vas-* ngesiLatini lithetha ukuthi  "isitya sokukhongozela" okanye "isikhongozeli").
Ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi kubizwa ngokuba yi-vasoconstriction, inqanda ukuba umzimba ungaphulukani nobushushu.  

## Amaphepha anenxaxheba kweli nqaku
I-valve

I-**valve** sisixhobo esisetyenziswa xa kucuthwa kuvalwa isantya sokubaleka kwento engamanzi (ezinjengee-gases, izinto ezingamanzi, izinto ezinamanzi kuzo, okanye ii-slurries). Isenokufakwa kwimibhobho okanye kwisitya.

zininzi iindidi zee-valves. Imizekelo yazo nantsi:
* I-valve ye-globe 
* I-valve yesango
* I-butterfly valve
* I-valve yokhuseleko.
Zingasetyenzwa ngezandla okanye ngomatshini.

## Amaphepha anxulumene nala
* Umbhobho
* I-Plumbing

## Ezinye ii-websites
I-tissue

Ii-**tissues** zinendawo eziyenzayo kwi-organ. Ii-tissues ngamaqela ee-cells asebenzisanayo xa zisenza umsebenzi emzimbeni. Zingamaqela ee-cells ezimvelaphi yazo ifanayo, indlela ezimile ngayo, kunye nomsebenzi wazo. Ii-cells ziyafana okanye ziphantse zifane. umzebenzi owenziwa zii-cells ukwangumsebenzi ofanayo okanye phantse ufane. ezi ntlobo-ntlobo ziquka izihlunu, i-uscles, ii-nerves, kunye nee-connective tissues.

Ii-Organs zeziwe ngeentlobo ze-tissue ezimbini nangaphezulu.  Intliziyo iyi-organ. Yenziwe ziintlobo-ntlobo zee-tissues. inesihlunu se-tissue esibizwa ngokuba yi-myocardium. ine-connective tissue ngaphakathi kuyo (eyi-endocardium), ize ngaphandle ibe ne(pericardium). Intliziyo inee-valves eziqinisekisa okokuba igazi lihamba ngendlela efanelekileyo xa zihamba ngentliziyo. Ngoko ke intliziyo yi-organ eyenziwe kwii-tissues eziliqela.  

Izifundo ezingokumila okanye ukwakheka kwee-tissues ezenziwa ngaphantsi kwe-microscope zibizwa ngokuba yi-histology.
I-Berlin

**Berlin** — iDolophu ikomkhulu  IJamani. Ithathe umhlaba ongangama-891.7 eekhilomitha.

Berlin sesona sixeko kuzo kwimpuma eJamani. Okunye imizi ebalulekileyo: Dresden, Leipzig, Erfurt, Rostock, Magdeburg, Halle (Saale), Chemnitz, Potsdam.


Berlin-von Siegessaeule 108-nach O-2017-gje.jpg
Berlin-Russenmarkt-02-Brandenburger Tor-1993-gje.jpg
Berlin-222-Volksbuehne-1995-gje.jpg
Berlin-Franzoesischer Dom-02-Gendarmenmarkt-2017-gje.jpg
Berlin-Franzoesischer Dom-04-Glockenspiel-2017-gje.jpg
Berlin-Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche-02-2017-gje.jpg
Berlin-Bundeskanzleramt-14-2016-gje.jpg
Berlin-Paul-Loebe-Haus-05-Reichstag-2006-gje.jpg
Berlin-Philharmonie-02-2016-gje.jpg
Berlin-Theater am Schiffbauerdamm-04-Brecht-2006-gje.jpg


## External links
* Berlin
I-velocity

I-**velocity** ngu-mlinganiselo obonisa isantya ekhawuleza ngaso into ehamba ngomkhondo othile. ngamanye amazwi, i-velocity sisantya esikumkhondo ekuhanjwa ngawo yiloo nto ihambayo.   

Ukubala i-velocity yento, sahlula-hlula i-displacement yayo (ukutshintsha kwayo isikhundla sendawo ebimi kuyo)  ngexesha ethe yalithatha xa ibisenza olo tshintsho.  
\text{velocity} = \frac\text{displacement}\text{time}Umzekelo, ukuba i-object okanye into ihamba umgama ongangeemitha (m) ezinga-20 ukuya ngasekhohlo ngemizuzwana nje emi-4, ivelocity (v)yayo, ziyakulingana:\text{v} = \frac\text{20 m}\text{4 s} = \text{5 m/s to the left}

## Imithombo
I-input

Kwa-computing, i-**input/ne-output**, okanye i-**I/O**, ibhekisa kuxhumano phakathi kwe-digital processing system (efana ne-computer okanye i-embedded system), kunye noxhumano lwayo nehlabathi – kulindeleke umntu ke kulo mba, enye i-processing system okanye i-device.

Ii-inputs lulwazi okanye yimiqondiso ofunyanwa yi-system, kunye neziphumo ezizii-outputs yimiqondiso okanye i-data evela kuyo. 

Ii-I/O devices zisetyenziswa ngumntu (okanye yenye i-system) ukuze ixhumane nge-digital processing system. Umzekelo, ii-keyboards nee-mice zaziwa ngokuba zii-input devices zekhompyutha, ngeli lixa ii-monitors kunye nee-printers zisaziwa ngokuba zii-output devices zekhompyutha. Ii-devices zoxhumano oluphakathi kweekhompyutha, ezifana nee-computers, ezifana nee-modems kunye namakhadi e-network, asetyenziswa kwi-input ne-output.

Qaphela okokuba inkcazo nge-device njenge-input okanye i-output ixhokeke ekubeni iviwa njani na. Ii-Mouses kunye nee-keyboards zixhobo ezenza intshukumo ebonakalayo ye-input esetyenziswa ngumntu ukuza akhuphe i-output (isiphumo esilulwazi) ethi iguqulelwe kwii-signals ezinokuqondwa zii-understand. I-output eyenziwe zezi devices ibayi-input yekhompyutha. Ngokufanayo, ii-printers nee-monitors zikwazii-signals ze-input ezenziwa iyikhompyutha ukuba zibe zii-outputs. Ziyakuthi ke ngoko ziguqule ezi signals zibe yinto enokubonwa okanye enokufundwa ngabantu abazisebenzisayo. (Kumntu oyisebenzisayo oku kufunda nokubona amagama kukufumana i-input.)

Iikhompyutha zisebenza ngolwazi olu-digital kuphela, nayiphi na i-input efunyanwa yikhompyutha kufuneka ibe-digitalised.
IsiSpain

IsiCastilian (castellano) okanye IsiSpanish (español) lulwimi Romance kwiqela Ibero-Romance ukuba bavela iziyelelane eziliqela Latin oluthethwa emntla wombindi Iberia ehlabathini ngenkulungwane yesithoba.  saa ngcembe nokwandiswa loBukumkani Castile (langoku kumntla Spain) ukuya kumbindi nakumzantsi saseIberia ngamaXesha Aphakathi. 

Inguqu ukusuka aphakathi ukuya Spanish mihla yabalasela utshintsho kunye oonobumba ngokuca- ikhwela ulwimi yamandulo, apho yaqala ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu. Ekuqaleni ngembali yaso, isigama Spanish iye natyetyiswa qhagamshelana yayo Basque kunye Arabic kunye ulwimi iyaqhubeka ukuba basebenzise amagama eelwimi zasemzini ezahlukahlukeneyo nezinye iilwimi, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa amagama amatsha. YaseSpain becala kuziswa Melika kwakunye Afrika Asia Pacific, kunye nokwandiswa koBukhosi baseSpeyin phakathi kwiinkulungwane elinesihlanu kwaye yeshumi elinesithoba, ezaba ulwimi ibaluleke kakhulu kurhulumente kunye nezorhwebo.

Ngo-1999 kwakukho, ngokutsho Ethnologue, yezigidi 358 abantu abathetha iSpanish njengolwimi lweenkobe kunye lilonke labantu abathetha million 417 ehlabathini lonke.  Okwangoku, le amaxabiso ukuya ku 400 kunye nabantu million 500 ngokulandelelanayo.  Spanish lelona lwimi ezithethwa yesibini ehlabathini, emva Mandarin. Mexico iqulethe inabantu abaninzi ulwimi-ukuthetha. Spanish yenye kwiilwimi ezintandathu ezisemthethweni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN)  yaye usetyenziswa njengolwimi olusemthethweni European Union, Mercosur kunye Union of South American yeZizwe (UNASUR).

Ngenxa yokuba khona layo bekhula ngobuhlanga kunye nenkcubeko ezithandwayo eUnited States, ingakumbi kwiimo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwi Sun Belt, iSpanish wesibini ulwimi bafunda luninzi zizithethi IsiNgesi lweenkobe. Elikhulayo nozinzo kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho ezininzi iintlanga ezinkulu iSpanish abathetha, ubungakanani enkulu geographical yolwimi in Latin America naseYurophu lokhenketho ukuthandwa nokukhula yezindawo siphila ngokwenkcubeko zifumaneka kwihlabathi kokufika ziye negalelo elibonakalayo ekukhuleni ukufunda iSpanishi njengoko ulwimi angaphandle emhlabeni. Okwangoku, isiSpanish ulwimi lwesithathu lusetyenziswa kwi Internet emva IsiNgesi kunye Mandarin. Kubalulekile kwakhona lwimi kakhulu kufundwa lwesibini nolwimi lwesibini nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe, emva IsiNgesi, ehlabathini lonke.

## Imithombo
Izibongo zikaNtsikana Gaba

Yimbongi yakwaGompo
: Enyaneni kwanti entlango
: Ngamhl'uthile laphum'ilanga
: NaseGwali njengesiqhelo
: Koko lahluka elaloo mhla.

: Kuba waavuka okaGaba
: Nenkwenkw'ebithanda inkomo
: Basing'ebuhlanti bevuka
: Njenge soko elo lesiqhelo.

: Yhintoni na le nto kwedini?
: Andazi nam ndisathe manga
: Ilanga kuntsikana limi
: Lahlaba kwinkab'abeyithanda.

: Yhintoni namhl'ehlileyo
: Phakathi koGaba nelanga?
: Kusasa limbonise into,
: Emin'alivum'akududa.

: Ndithunyiwe kuni maXhosa,
: Kuthiwa iyeza imihla
: Ekuya kufika intlanga;
: Zivel'eMpuma naseNtshona.

: Yenjenje ke wena kaMlawu;
: Maphakathi nabanumzana;
: Lahlan'amab'amasik'enu
: Utsh'uMenz'wab'aba numzana

: Enkosi Ntsikana kaGaba,
: Uthethe watsho okaMlawu;
: "Koqala mna ke ukungena
: 'Ze le nto bayibon'ubukhulu."

: "Unyana kaMlawu lilawu,"
: Atsh'amaphakath'egqugula,
: "Masitsh'ukumgcikiva kwethu
: Ukuze lent'abuy'ayithi tya."

: 'Ndlela zenqwelo nanzi namhla,
: Xabiso lenkuni lamanzi;
: Yonk'into namhla iyabonwa
: 'Yathethwa kusesemnyameni.

: Yintw'entl'ibuyambo makaba,
: Yilahleni yonke imvelo
: Sabelani kokaRhubusana,
: Itsho imbongi ngelayo.
Izibongo ezingo-Thixo

: NGUMNT'OMDE ohlabe phantsi naphezulu,
: Obufanelw'ukubongwa ngawo amahlwempu,
: Obufanelw'ukubongwa zizo izityebi,
: Obufanelw'ukubongwa ngawo amaTshawe.
: NgusoNgqengqe, usãlà sinechibi ngaphezulu,
: Ulutalatala, undlov'inemixhak'ezingalweni.
: Ngumang'angabonwa engasokuz'abonwe liliso lenyama,
: Kodwa ukuz'abonwe wobonwa lelomphefumlo.
: Ngunkos'iyabazi bonke abangabayo.
Imiphunga

**Umphunga** yi-organ ekuyo nayiphi na ii-vertebrate (izilwanyana ezinomnqonqo, okanye ithambo lomqolo). Ngumphunga onika igazi i-oxygen evela emoyeni, uze umke ne-carbon dioxide. Uninzi lwee-vertebrates lunemiphuna emi-2. 

Kwizilwanyana, imiphunga ziyindawo apho kutshintshatshintshana khona ii-gesi. Ngaphandle kokuthsintshatshintshana kwee-gesi, ioksijini esuka emiphungeni  ayinakugqitha iye kungena egazini ngako oko ii-cells zomzimba fazinakuyifumana i-oksijini efuneka xa kusenzeka i-respiration (kuphefumlwa).  

Ii-alveoli zifumile ukuze zivumele i-oksijini ukuba ihambe isuke kwimiphunga ihamba kwangazo ii-alveoli iye kungena kwimithambo yegazi engoonobuyisa nakwii-cells zegazi elibomvu. I-Carbon dioxide idlula ivela egazini iye kungena kwii-alveoli. I-oksijini ithi yakubaninzi egazini ihambe ibuyele entliziyweni ize ke yona i-carbon dioxide ekwi-alveoli ityhilizelwe ngaphandle kwemiphunga ibe ngumoya esiwuphefumlela ngaphandle.  

## Imiphunga yentaka
Imiphunga yeentaka ayinayo i-alveoli, endaweni yoko zinezigidi ngezigidi zee-para-bronchi. Ezi-para-bronchi ziphela kwiintwana ezincinane zee-capillaries okanye kwiimfikimfelane zemithambo yegazi zize zigqithe kufuphi nemithambo yomzimba ethwala igazi, ukuze i-diffusion ikwazi ukwenzeka zitsho zitshintshiselane ii-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide. I-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide kwimiphunga yeentaka zisoloko zisasazeka egazini nangaphandle kulo, akunjalo kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo kuba i-diffusion yenzeka kuphela kwi-alveoli.

## Umphunga wesilwanyana esirhubuluzayo
Imiphunga yesirhubuluzi iman'ukuvuleka iphinde ivaleke ngenxa yeembambo ezisijikelezileyo nezisicinezelela phantsi ziphinde zivuleke ngoncedo lwezihlunu zaso.  Isibindi sisoloko sincamathele apha kumazantsi emiphunga size sithi ke isihlunu esincamathele esibindini sityhale,  naso ke isibindi sisuka kwimiphunga siyityhala, itsho ibemikhudlwana kunangaphambi kokuba ityhalwe.  

## Umphunga we-Amphibian
Imiphunga yesele ilula kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neminye imiphunga emininzi,  iziibhaluni nje, ezinobumanzi ngaphandle ezivumela ukusasazeka komoya eziwuphefumlayo. Kodwa amasele akahambahambi kangako, ngako oko ke azidingi oksijini ininzi, kodwa asenokuyithatha i-oksijini ngesikhumba sawo esimanzi manzi ngaphandle xa kukho imfuneko ye-oksijini eninzi.  (umzekelo, xa esilwa okanye etsiba-tsiba ebaleka).

## Ezinye ii-websites
I-arithmetic

**I-Arithmetic** ligama elisetyenziswa xa kusetyenzwa ngamanani. Ikwayinxalenye ye-mathematics. Iindlela ezine zokuqala zokusebenza kwe-arithmetic nazi: akukudibanisa okanye ukongeza,  ukuthabatha okanye ukuphungula, ukuphinda-phinda inani lento ngenani, kwanokwa-hlula-hlula. 

I-Harder arithmetic iquka ukusebenza ngamanani aphawulweyo, ii-fractions, kwakunye nee-decimals, kwanokuthatha ii- powers nee-roots.

Abantu abaninzi bafunda i-arithmetic kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, kodwa abanye abantu abayifundi i-arithmetic abanye bayayilibala i-arithmetic abayifundayo. Imisebenzi ifuna ulwazi lwe-arithmetic, kwaye abaqeshi abaninzi bakhala ngelithi kunzima ukufumana abantu abayazi ngokwaneleyo i-arithmetic. Imisebenzi embalwa efuna i-arithmetic iquka ii-carpenters, ii-plumbers, ii-auto mechanics, ii-accountants, ii-architects, oogqirha, kunye namanesi.  I-arithmetic ifuneka kuzo zonke iziphaluka ze-mathematics, i-science, nenjineli. 

I-calculator isengasetyenziswa ukwenza i-arithmetic. Iikhompyutha isenokubala lula, nekusesinye sezizathu izamkeli ze-Global Positioning System zinekhompyutha encinane ngaphakathi kuzo.   

## Imizekelo ye-arithmetic
* 2 + 3 = 5 (ukudibanisa okanye ukongeza kuyi-commutative: u2 + 3 uyinto enye no-3 + 2)

* 7 - 5 = 2 (ukuthabatha okanye ukuphungula akukho-commutative: 7 - 5 wahlukile ku5 - 7)

* 3 * 4 = 12 (ukuphinda-phinda ku-commutative: 3 * 4 uyinto enye no-4 * 3)

* 6 / 2 = 3 (ukwahlula-hlula akukho-commutative: 6 / 2 wahlukile ku-2 / 6)
Donald Trump

**UDonald Trump** (Donald John Trump, ozalwe nge-14 Juni 1946) ngusozigidi, usomashishini, nomsasazi weTV waseMelika, owayengumongameli weli lizwe ukusukela ngomhla woku-20 kuJanuwari 2017 ukuya kuJanuwari 20, 2021. Wazalwa eQueens, eNew York City, waza wakhula kwintsapho eyayilawula amashishini okwakha izakhiwo. 

Phambi kokungena kwezopolitiko, uTrump wayesaziwa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha, ezakhiweni ezinkulu ezifana neTrump Tower, kunye nemidlalo yeTV efana neThe Apprentice. Usebenzise igama lakhe njenge-brand, walakha kwihlabathi liphela kwiihotele, iikhasino, kunye nezinye iimpahla zorhwebo.

Ngo-2015, uTrump wabhengeza ukuba uza kugqibela uMongameli wase-United States egameni leRepublican Party. Waphumelela ukhetho lukaNovemba 2016, etyunjwa njengongqongqoshe wama-45 weli lizwe. Ubongameli bakhe babonakaliswa zizicwangciso ezinamandla zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ukunciphisa imirhumo, kunye nokuphikisana nemithetho yokusingqongileyo. Wayenolwalamano oluphikisanayo nabanye oonondaba, amaqabane kurhulumente, kunye nezizwe zangaphandle.

Ngo-2020, uTrump waphulukana nokhetho lukaMongameli noJoe Biden, kodwa waluphikisa iziphumo zolonyulo, nto leyo ekhokelele kwiingxwabangxwaba kwezopolitiko, kuquka noqhushululo kwiCapitol Hill ngomhla we-6 kuJanuwari 2021. Emva kokushiya isikhundla, uTrump waqhubeka edlala indima enkulu kwiqela leRepublican, waza wabhengeza ngo-2022 ukuba uza kuphinda azame ukhetho luka-2024.

Ngo-Novemba 2024, uTrump waphumelela kwakhona kwaye waba nguMongameli wama-47 wase-United States, ephinda wathatha isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli welizwe.

## iReference
Isimangalo Sika-Thixo

:: (Isaiah i.)

:: (Ngu. W. W. G.)

: UYehova uyathetha
: Nani, ntlanga zomhlaba,
: Umangele kulw'izulu,
: Elo khaya liphezulu.

: Bek'indlebe wena Zulu,
: Wena khaya lobunyulu:
: Ndimangalel'u"Akunani";
: Ndideliwe ndinguMDali.

: Olu sapho ndilondlile*,
: Ngoku lingoo-"*Qelesile,"
: Kanti ndizikhulisele,
: Aba bantu ndizondlele.

: Qhiphu kanye! abandazi,
: Kwanekhaya abalazi,-
: Kant'iiqwarha kwaneenkomo,
: Ziyamazi umninizo.

: Aba bantu baphelile
: Bangoo "Zweliqhelesile"
: Sebe *kăkă-kamupetu*,
: Sebengenwe nazimpethu.

: Sekuthamba ixhalanga;
: Umphefumlo uyanuka,
: Yhiloo ntshontsho, yeloo fuqa,
: Yomphefumlo oneqgitha

; Ndimangele kuwe mhlaba,-
: Kuba nguwe umdlezana,
: Owanyisa abantwana,
: Sebebhede ama"dlaba." 

: Bayanuka, bathe bhutyu,
: Mna, Yise, ndithe kruqu;
: Ndibabiza ngamax'onke,
: Ndibameme ngako konke.

: Bazonele ngokwenene,
: Umdlezana makaphuse;
: Omalanga babalele,
: Ze bachithwe naziimfazwe.

: Bangalima baphandule,
: Ngamakhuba baqandule,-
: Ith'imvula ndiyibambe,
: Imibethe ndiyivimbe.

: Bangakhupha nemijelo,
: Ndoyomisa imilambo;
: Bangafuya oozimfuyo
: Zozinkomo kuthi, "mho";

: Noomahashe noozigusha;
: Ozimali, nenciniba;
: Ozibhokhwe neenqanawa;
: Senditshilo,-*[[ziyafa|Ziyatshaba]]*

: Sel'iNdim nje, omangele
: Kule nkundla ndikhathele.
: Ningabuyanga kwaphela,-
: Senifile, kwa impela.

: UngoWam umhlaba,
: Noko ningoo"Bhed'idlaba."
: Ndininike ngesi sisa;
: Ndinenzela nindisola.

: Ndonigxotha kulo mhlaba.
: Ndinigxothe kwelaa khaya;
: Isiphelo ke yhini na?
: Singu-Athi! athi ke mna.

: Zihlambeni zicoceni,
: Obu bubi, bulahleni;
: Khanipheze, nqumamani,
: Ukwenz'ifa kufundeni.

: phungulani imithwalo
: Yabo babandezelweyo;
: Gwebelani iinkedama,
: Kufuneni ukugweba.

: Nabo nabahlolokazi,
: Ukuze bangasileli,-
: Yenzani ubulungisa,
: Xa niphethe ukugweba.

: Khanize ke khe sixoxe.
: NoYehova sidibene:
: Nokwizono *sekumrholo*,-
: UYehova sel'etshilo,-

: Zobamhlophe ngokwekhephu,
: Zibemhlophe njengomqhaphu,
: Zibe *weza*, njengoboya
: Buhlanjiwe obegusha.

: Noth'ukuba ninemvume,
: Okunye ke nilungile,
: Ilungelo lalo mhlaba,
: Ndoninika, nolixhamla.

: Okanye ke nimangala,
: Senibheda kwanedlaba,
: Nakutshaba ngal'wikrele,-
: UYehova uthethile.
Minas Gerais ngunyana wam lizwe

Iimayinegenericname Gerais é meu Lizwe (Iimayinegenericname Gerais ngu-wam pais, isispanish) yi - hamba kweempahla separatists besilwa kuba ukuzimela ye-Iimayinegenericname Ngokubanzi ezahlukeneyo ngokwakhe ukusuka bubonke Brazil.
EBhizana

**Bizana** yidolophu yamampondo egudle unxweme yohlukaniswa ngumlambo obizwa ngoba ngumthamvuna nephondo la-Kwazulu Natal.
I-Biota

I-**Biota** iligama elixhaphakileyo kwizifundo ezingendalo yezinto eziphilayo ezaziwa ngokuba zeze-bhayoloji. Igama elithi biota libhekisa kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ngelo xesha lokanye kuloo ndawo ithile. Imizekelo: i-Cambrian biota; i-Madagascan biota. Eli gama liquka zonke izinto eziphila kuloo ndawo ziphila kuyo, izinto ezinjengeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezezilwanyana, ngenxa yeso sizathu, eli gama lithi biota lisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwizifundo ze-ecology. Igama elikwafana nalo lithi biome, lona ke libhekisa kwiingingqi zomhlaba ezinkulu ngokwendalo nezidalwa eziphila kuzo.  I-Tundra is a biome.

I-Flora, i-fauna nezinye izinto eziphilayoezifana ne-fungi zizonke ziqukwa phantsi kwegama elinye eliyi-biota.

## Amanye amaphepha azalana nala
* I-Biome
* I-Fauna
* I-Flora
* I-Wildlife
Ukubhed'idlaba

Umntu ekuthiwa ubhed'idlaba ngumntu othe ebenzelwe ububele, wonyulwa engxakini, wongululwa, wancedwa ebeselusizini, wancedwa ebesengxakini, wahlangulwa ekufeni nasendlaleni, aze athi mhla waphumelela, akusinda, akuphila, akuba ngumntu, angakhathali angabonisi nombulelo kuloo mntu amncedileyo. Asuke amchase, amthiye, angabinabudlelwane naye, endaweni yoko abelutshaba lwakhe, ancedisane nentshaba zaloo mntu amncedileyo abe lutshaba lomncedi wakhe naye. kuthiwa umntu onjalo *ubhed'idlaba*. 

Xa umntu *ebhed'idlaba* ngamanye amazwi ungu*khuka kampethu*, kukujika ubinze (ugwaze) kwasenkosini yakho, uzithimbe njengoQeto ethimba iinkomo zikaTshaka ukumka kwakhe phantsi kolawulo lwaloo nkosi, ukuze nje ade athi uDingana, Loo mntu ufanelwe kukubulwa angadli bomi kuba enguBhed'idlaba into engenambulelo.

Eli qhalo lifundisa ukuba kufuneka singabangcathi kwaye singabajikeli abo bathe basinceda kuba kaloku bona babe zintaka ezakha ngoboya benye bazihlamba izandla zethu koko nathi kufuneka sihlambe ezabo.
Amathumbu esikhwenene

**Eli qhalo lithetha into othenjiswa ngayo ube ungasokuze uyifumane, uyirhalele uncame.** 

Kudala bekusithiwa xa kuthunywa umntwana, *Hamba mntwanam, ndiza kukupha amathumbu esikhwenene*. Isikhwenene ibiyintaka enqabe kunene, ingenakufumaneka lula, kananjalo ibingenakubulawa lula, kuba ibiyintaka ebhabhela phezulu kakhulu, kubenzima kakhulu nokuyichana naxa sele igityiselwa ngentonga.Ngoko ke ibinqwenelwa ngabantu bonke le ntaka, ange umntu angakhe angcamle inyama yayo, nokuba ngamathumbu ayo. Nabantwana imbala bebehlala bethenjiswa ngawo kuba bebewanqwenela. Babesithi bakuthunywa batsibe kuba benethemba lokokuba bazakunikwa loo nto imnandi bathenjiswe ngayo. Kuhambe-kwahamba amathumbu esikhwenene abhekisa kwizimuncu-muncu zakwamlungu.
Into ayibethwa ngankana

Eli qhalo lithetha ukuthi, "Musa ukuyikhuphela yonke into oyaziyo kubantu basemzini". Lifana nqwa neli ylithi, "Musa ukuzityand'igila", kwanelithi, "Musa ukuzikhuph'inyongo".

Kuthiwa ke esakuviwa umntu thetha ngento, eyitsolisa, eyimisa ngomxholo into xa eyichazela abantu abangathenjwayo, kuthiwe kuye, "Into ayibethwa ngankana".
Imikhwa yakwaNtu

Ibhalwe ngu-H.C

=Imikhwa=

## Ukunyaniseka
Le nto ikukunyaniseka, yinto entle nebukeka kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlanga. Nangona ibukeka ngathi inelahleko okwexeshana kumntu oyibambileyo, kodwa ekugqibeleni iba lelona tyholo angazimela ngalo umntu, ukuze abenomahluko kwabanye okanye abenguye kwanye abantu, athenjwe, aphumelele, abe negama eliyakuhlala liqaqambile, athi nokokuba sele kuyiminyaka walishiyayo eli, libe igama lakhe lakhe lisathetha. 
UThixo wasipha ulwimi lokuthetha inyaniso. Yinto embi kakhulu into yokuxoka komntwana, ize iqandusele ukubambi kumntu omdala into yokuthetha into engeyiyo inyaniso. Ukuxoka ngumkhwa othi wakumqhela umntu, usuke ungabi sahlukana naye, athi kanti naye akasazazi nokuba ehamba nje ulixoki. ngalo lonke ixesha ethetha ucinga okokuba uthetha njengabanye abantu abaqhele ukuthetha inyaniso, aze athi xa ethetha nje, kanti abantu 
bengathi baphulaphule nje, bamthele nqa kuba bayazi okokuba uyaxoka.

## Zininzi iindlela zokuxoka
 
### Ukulandula into unayo uthi awunayo
Oku kukuxoka okuqhelwe kakhulu nangabantu ebebefanelwe ukuthenjwa.
### Ukungabinasifuba
Kukuthi uxelelwe into wayalwa ukuba ungayithethi nakubani na, uz'usuke wena uyithethe komnye umntu wesithathu, ngelithi uyamhlebela. Kukuxoka ke oko kuba kukwaphula idinga nomnqophiso phakathi kwakho nowenu,
kwaye usenjenjalo nje ufuna ukubambisa abantu ngolwimi lwakho, ongenakho ukuliqhobosha. 
### Ukugqwetha intetho yomnye umntu
Kukuxoka, ukuyigqwetha ngabom intetho ethethwa ngomnye umntu, ngokunga ingavakala kakubi kwabanye ukuze imenzakalise.
### Ukongeza kwintetho
Ukongezelela kwinto oyithethayo ngaphezu kokuba ibinjalo, kokunye ukuxoka ke oko.Omnye ude aluteketise olo ngezelelo ngelithi ukhulisa inyaniso. ngaloo ndlela wongezelela kwa obunye ubuxoki. Ithi imbongi yasemlungwini, (uTennyson0, "Inyaniso eyenziwe isizekevu ukuxelwa, obo bobona buxoki budlulisileyo." 
### Ukubuka udwendwe xa luphambi kwakho ze luthi xa lungekho phambi kwakho uluhlebe
Ukulubuka udwendwe, ulubonise ubuso obuhle, uthethe kakuhle nalo xa lusephambi kwakho, kanti uzakulusika iimpundu, uluhlebe kwalusathi tshiki, kukungabi nakunyaniseka oko. Kuyinto elungileyo ukuyixela ngobunjalo bayo into oyaziyo wakubuzwa ngayo; kodwa yinto eyahlukileyo nembi ukuhamba upololoza, ugxeka uthetha into ongayibuzwanga. Isimilo sexoki senzakalisa lona ngaphezu kokwenzakalisa abo lihamba lithetha ngabo, lixoka. Yehla! Akwaba uQamata angawapha amadodana neentombi amehlo zethu amehlo, nesipho sokuba bazibone njengoko bebonwa ngako ngabanye abantu.

## Imibuliso
Imibuliso efanelwe ukugcinwa ngabantu yile:
* Ezinkosini kufanelwe ukuthiwa - A! bani!
* eluntwini kuthiwe - Bhota! bani!
Le mibuliswana ibubuvuvu ingoo-Royinani! noo-Royindara! Molweni!. Ibifanelwe ukulahlwa kuba yeyasemzini, yaye ingenanto iyithethayo kuthi bamnyama. Akunani nani ukuthi, - "Yitshoni."
Inani eli-positive

**Inani eli-positive li**nani elikhulu kngaphezu kuka-zero. 

Inani eli-positive lingabhalwa ngophawu olungu-"+" phambi kwalo, okanye libhalwe nje ngenani kuphela. 

Amanani a-positive abhalwa ngasekunene kuka-zero okumgca-manani:

## Funda nanga amanye amaphepha
* Math league website discussion of positive numbers
UNokhonya into kaNyanga

Ngu-W.K.N

Bekunga ulutsha lwakowethu lungayifunda lude luyiqonde, kanti mhlawumbi lungathungulula luwazi amaqhinga okuphumelela kuyo le ntlango yobu bomi.

Ngemihla kaNgqika, phakathi kwengcobo yephakathi ebelibusa, ubungafika ubone into eyenziwe isihlambezo, egama belinguNokhonya into kaNyanga. Bekusithi kwakuxhelwa ayithuthe yonke loo nyama, ayise kwiindawo ngeendawo zayo, aman'ukufuthafutheka epheka isifuba, kanti namanzi laa uyakuzikhelela ngokwakhe. Yeema ke loo nto imi, wade waxola naye ekubonakaleni kwakhe esenza loo duntsu-duntsu akakhathala. 

Bekusithi xa kubuthiwe, athi kuba uNgqika ibingumfo onamagcigala, ambize u-Nokhonya, athi makathiwe gaxa ngokhakhayi lwenkomo entloko, aze aye kuhlala ezantsi ebuhlanti; abiz'izinja zakhe ke uNgqika, azifunze kuye, isuke ibe ngamawawa ke! Ubesithi akuqonda ukuba zizakumbamba, asuke athi rhabi ngaphaya kothango, zibe ke sezisenza umrharharha ephakathini elililo. Wahlala ke uNokhonya kuloo meko injalo ebusa akemka komkhulu.
Umgca manani

**Umgca manani** ngumgca onee-integers (amanani aqhelekileyo, ...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3...) aya esanda ngokwanda umlibe macala omabini. U-zero (0) udla ngokuba sembindini womgca manani. Amanani anikene izithuba ezilinganayo phakathi kwawo. Amanye amanani phakathi kwamanye amanani apha kulo mgca amele amanani a-rational, a-irrational, kwanezinye iintlobo zee-real numbers.

kukho omnye **umgca manani**, equally valid and useful, that extends vertically through 0 (the origin) at right angles to our traditional number line and uses imaginary numbers (*i*). These so-called **imaginary numbers** extend above and below the traditional number line and are used in very real calculations in many areas of science and technology and also extend in both directions forever (into infinity).

## Different forms
A number line is usually drawn as a simple  line. Another form is the helical number line. If the line of numbers is wrapped around a cylinder following an upward helical path, it becomes a helical number line.
If the circumference of the cylinder is equal to the length occupied by ten numbers on the number line, it then becomes a decimal helical number line, and the numbers arrange themselves into columns, each number in a particular column having the same number ending.

## Related pages
* Real number
* Complex plane
Šiprage

**Šiprage** (Шипраге), iBosnia.
*Latitudu: 44°27'56″
*Longitudu:17°33'36″
*Altitudu: 507-520 m
*Isiphaluka: 20 km2
*Uluntu: 788 (2013)
## Climat

## Idemography

*1931, 1953: Sipala Šiprage
+ Indawo Šiprage

## Imithombo

## Weblink

* http://opstinakotorvaros.com/ 
*http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia
*http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/
*http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx
*http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia
*http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/
*http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx
*http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/- Distances in B&H
Baskin-Robbins

*Baskin-Robbins* uthotho ezithuba ice cream oko lunqgukuva ngokwendalo, Burt Baskin is kunye Irv Robbins yasekwa ngo-1953. kele Iveliswe ngokuba ice cream Glendale, California. Le nkampani ke uluhlu abaziingcali ezininzi elimiweyo iindawo ice cream ka-5,800, 2,800 apho amasebe zazingafumaneki eUnited States enkulu. Baskin Robbins uye distribution ice cream kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 ehlabathini lonke. Le nkampani izinze kwi Canton, Massachusetts.

## links bangaphandle
* Baskin-Robbins site esemthethweni
George W. Bush

u**George Walker Bush** (ngoJulayi 6, 1946) ngokwemeko yezopolitiko yaseMelika ababekhonza njengoko 43 uMongameli eUnited States ukususela 2001 ukuya 2009. Kwakhona i 46th iRhuluneli Texas ukusuka ku-1995 ukuya ku-2000.
Izinyo

**Amazinyo** yenye nzima, izinto ezimhlophe emlonyeni wakho. Amazinyo (isininzi) zisetyenziswa ukunceda inkqubo mastication ngokuthi ukuhlafuna ukutya. Zetyisa kuthetha ukuba ayichithe, zikukhandanisa nje ukutya ngoko ke kuginywa (kwawenza wehla waya isisu sakho).

Uninzi ekuyo babe amazinyo. Iintaka lelona qela zingayifumaniyo. eZingenamqolo abaninzi nabo babe amazinyo. iZilwanyana ezahlukeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amazinyo kuba ukudla ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izilwanyana ziwasebenzisela amazinyo nje isixhobo. Kwabantu abadala idla ngokuba amazinyo-32. Abantwana idla ngokuba amazinyo
-20.