open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Benni McCarthy

**U-Benedict Saul "Benni" McCarthy** (owazalwa nge-12 Novemba 1977) ungumqeqeshi waseMzantsi Afrika kunye nomdlali webhola ekhatywayo owayesakuba ngumqeqeshi weqela lokuqala kwiManchester United . Kutshanje usebenze njengomqeqeshi oyintloko weqela laMaZulu elikwiPremier Division .  

Umdlali wangaphambili, uMcCarthy ngumdlali ogqwesileyo weqela lesizwe loMzantsi Afrika ngamagowuli angama-31.  Ukwanguye yedwa eMzantsi Afrika ophumelele i - UEFA Champions League, ekwenza oko nePorto ngo 2003-2004 .

UMcCarthy wenze umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wamazwe ngamazwe kuMzantsi Afrika kumdlalo wobuhlobo ngokuchasene neNetherlands ngomhla wesi-4 kuJuni ka-1997.

Ngo-1998, uMcCarthy uye wasebenzisana neqela lomculo wekwaito loMzantsi Afrika iTKZee kwingoma ethi " Shibobo ". Ingoma ekhutshwe kwiNdebe yeHlabathi ye-1998 eFransi iisampulu kakhulu kwi-" The Final Countdown " yiYurophu kwaye iquka uMcCarthy odlwengula inxalenye yamazwi. "Shibobo" ibe yeyona CD ikhawulezayo nethengiswa kakhulu yi-TKZee okanye amanye amagcisa okurekhoda aseMzantsi Afrika.Ukwavela nakwividiyo yomculo enemixholo yebhola ekhatywayo yale ngoma. Ukuthengiswa kwengoma enye kuye kwafikelela kwi-100,000 kwisithuba esingaphezulu nje kwenyanga eMzantsi Afrika, nto leyo eyenza i- Le ngoma iphinde yathandwa kwezinye iitshathi zomculo waseAfrika. Ingoma iyonwabele ukubuya kwakhona ekukhutshweni kwakhona ngo-2010-11.

## Iimbekiselo
Soulistic Agency

I-**Soulistic Agency** liziko elizimeleyo lolawulo lwetalente elizinze eRhawutini, eMzantsi Afrika, elasekwa ngo-2005 ngu**Nkosinathi Innocent Maphumulo**, nowaziwa ngelika-DJ Black Coffee. Ngo-2019, i-arhente yaphinda yabizwa kwakhona ukusuka kwi-Soulistic Music Record Label ukuya kwi-Soulistic Agency. Le arhente ikhule yaba yinkampani ebalaseleyo yolawulo lwetalente eAfrika. Isebenza ngayo yonke imiba yolonwabo lwale mihla, kuquka abavelisi, abaqambi beengoma, amagcisa arekhodiweyo, ifashoni, abafoti, iimbaleki, njl. njl. Ityikitye amanye amagcisa adumileyo kwihlabathi, aquka uDJ Black Coffee kunye noSONA. I-arhente inikezela ngeenkonzo zolawulo olupheleleyo ukuxhasa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwetalente ngolawulo lwamagcisa, ulawulo lomnyhadala, ukupapasha umculo, ukhenketho, ukuvelisa, uphuhliso lobuchule bohlobo, kunye nenkxaso.

## Italente

* DJ Black Coffee 
* SONA
* Da Afrika Deep
* Asvnte
* Deep Narrative
* Distruction Boyz
* Que DJ
* DJ Le Soul
* Scoop Makhathini
* Rich Mnisi
* Trevor Stuurman
* Nomvelo Makhanya
* Brilliant Khuzwayo

### Italente yangaphambili

* Da Capo
* Enoo Napa
* DJ Shimza
* Punk Mbedzi
* Holly Rey
* Langa Mavuso
* PH
* Una Rams
* Culoe De Song
* DJ Thakzin
* Marissa Guzman
* Kususa
* Argento Dust
Kwela

I- **Kwela** ngumculo wasesitalatweni osekelwe kwimpempe yepennywhistle osuka kumazantsi e-Afrika  kunye ne-jazzy underpinnings kunye nesingqi esifana ne- skiffle . Yavela kwisandi marabi kwaye yazisa umculo waseMzantsi Afrika ukubalasela kumazwe ngamazwe ngeminyaka yoo-1950.

Lo mculo uneengcambu zawo kumazantsi e-Afrika kodwa kamva ukuguqulwa koku kunye nezinye izaci ezininzi zesintu zase-Afrika ziye zangena kumculo waseNtshona (mamela amacwecwe *A Swingin' Safari* kaBert Kaempfert Orchestra (1962) kunye *neGraceland* kaPaul Simon (1986)), ukunika umculo wanamhlanje waseMzantsi Afrika, ngakumbi i-jazz, uninzi lwesandi sawo esahlukileyo kunye ne-lilting swagger. Ingoma yePiranha's 1982 UK Top Ten ibetha i' Tom Hark 'yayisekwe kwingoma yangaphambili ka-1950 yeKwela.

Esinye isizathu sokusetyenziswa kwepennywhistle kukuba ayibizi kwaye iyaphatheka, kodwa ikwaboleka njenge solo okanye isixhobo esidibanisayo. Udumo lwempempe yompempe kusenokwenzeka ukuba lwalusekelwe kwinto yokuba iifleyiti zeentlobo ngeentlobo kudala zizixhobo zesintu phakathi kwabantu abasemantla oMzantsi Afrika kwaye impempe yenza ukuba kube lula ukuqhelaniswa neengoma zesintu kwimarabhi entsha ephenjelelwe. umculo.

Eyona ngcaciso ixhaphakileyo yegama elithi “khwela” yeyokuba lithatyathwe kwisiZulu elithi “khwela” nangona kwintetho yaselokishini likwabhekiselwa kwiiveni zamapolisa ezithi “khwela-khwela”. Ngaloo ndlela, inokuba sisimemo sokujoyina umdaniso, kunye nokukhonza njengesilumkiso. Kuthiwa abafana abadlala impempe ezikoneni zezitalato nabo basebenze njengababukeli ukulumkisa abo bazonwabele ezishibhini ngokufika kwamapolisa.  Abantu abamhlophe bengayazi intsingiselo yawo, basuka bacinga ukuba ibhekisa emculweni xa besiva abantu bekhwaza besithi, “Nali i

Umculo weKwela waphenjelelwa kukuxuba umculo wabaphambukeli baseMalawi eMzantsi Afrika, kunye nezandi zalapha eMzantsi Afrika.  NgesiChichewa, igama elithi Khwela linentsingiselo efanayo naleyo yaseMzantsi Afrika: “ukunyuka”. Lo mculo waduma eMzantsi Afrika emva koko waziswa eMalawi, apho amagcisa ala maxesha aseMalawi nawo sele eqalisile ukuvelisa umculo kaKhwela. 

Nangona kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba umculo kaKhwela usebenzisa kuphela i- chord progression I-IV-I. {}^6_4 -V.,  abanye bagcina ukuba akukho Khwela chord progression, kwaye I-IV-VI kunye II-IV-V zixhaphake ngokukodwa. 

## Amagcisa
Iimvumi ezifana noLemmy Mabaso bezidume ngobuchule bokudlala impempe ka penny, ukanti uSpokes Mashiyane ebengomnye wabaculi abagqamayo ngengoma yakhe ethi kwela pennywhistle.  Amanye amagcisa aquka The Skylarks, Jack Lerole, Aaron Lerole, The Solven Whistlers, Kippie Moeketsi, Donald Kachamba and Gwigwi Mrwebe.

## Iimbekiselo


## Ukufunda ngakumbi

* *UPennywhistle Kwela: Uhlalutyo loMculo, iMbali kunye neSociopolitical* . ULara V. Allen, MA (Natal-Durban). 1993.
* *Elokishini ngokuhlwanje!* *Umculo weSixeko esiNtsundu saseMzantsi Afrika kunye nethiyetha* . Uhlelo lwesi-2. UDavid B. Coplan, iYunivesithi yaseChicago Press. 2008. ISBN&nbsp; . pp.&nbsp;190–99.

## Amakhonkco angaphandle

* Kwela e Last.fm
* Iprojekthi yeKwela-iwebhusayithi emalunga nokudlala kwela
Teatra

*Ithiyetha* licandelo ubugcisa beqonga elinxulumene ukwenza. Nokuba kwenziwa phambi kwabaphulaphuli okanye kwikhamera, ukulingisa kwenziwa kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yelizwi, izijekulo, izinto ezibonwayo, umculo kunye nesandi.

Igama elithi "ithiyetha" likwasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi uhlobo olubandakanya imisebenzi eyenziwe phambi kwabaphulaphuli, erekhodwe, yaza yaveliswa kwifilimu. Ithiyetha yamkela ezinye iindlela ukongeza kwibali lemveli kunye nesimbo sencoko, njenge opera, ibhali, cinema, iopera yaseTshayina, okanye pantomime.
Dansa

**Umdaniso** ubugcisa apho intshukumo yomzimba, edla ngokukhatshwa umculo, isetyenziswa njengendlela yokubonisa kunye nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo ngeenjongo zolonwabo.

Luthotho lweentshukumo ezenziwa ngumdanisi, onesingqisho esithile njengendlela yokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zomntu ngamnye okanye iimpawu zenkcubeko nezentlalo. Umdaniso ukwayindlela yonxibelelwano. Ulwimi olungathethwayo lusetyenziswa phakathi kwabantu apho umdanisi evakalisa iimvakalelo neemvakalelo ngokusebenzisa izijekulo neentshukumo. Umculo udlalwa ixesha elininzi.

Ngaphakathi komdaniso kukho choreography, obubuchule bokwenza imidaniso. Umdaniso unokudlalwa ngamanani aguquguqukayo abadanisi, bebodwa, ngababini okanye ngamaqela; kodwa inani liya kuxhomekeka ngokubanzi kumdaniso oza kwenziwa kunye nenjongo yawo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezithe ngqo ngakumbi, kwintelekelelo yomdwebi wokucula.
Mpondo

Amampondo ngabantu abafumaneka kwii-dolophu ezifumaneka kwi-Wild Coast. Sisizwe esithetha isiNguni esihlala kwiphondo le Mpuma Koloni eMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi kummandla wamaMpondo.Banelifa le nkcubeko etyebileyo kuquka ubukhosi, eyaziwa nezenzo zabo zemveli, ubugcisa obunika umdla, kunye nokuqonda okumandla ekuhlaleni. AmaMpondo abaluleke kakhulu kumnombo nezithethe zawo, nto leyo ebonakala kumculo wawo, umxhentso kunye nezithethe zabo. Ngokwembali babengamagcisa kwezolimo nabelusi. Namhlanje, amaMpondo ayaqhubeka nokugcina ubuni bawo ngelixa eqhelana neempembelelo zalemihla, ebonisa ukomelela kunye nokwahluka kwenkcubeko yelizwe lo Mzantsi Afrika. Izithethe zabo zihlala zibalulekile.
Oscar Mbo

**U-Oscar Mbongeni Ndlovu**, ngumvelisi werekhodi waseMzantsi Afrika, umsasazi kunye no-DJ. Uyila umculo wendlu oqulethe izinto ze-deep house, i-deep tech, i-Nu Jazz, isingqisho esaphukileyo kunye nomculo weLounge

Waziwa kakhulu ngokuseka kwakhe kunye neendima zakhe ezidlala indima enkulu kwipodcast yokonwabisa, umboniso *weAshmed Hour*

## Obomi bakwangoko
U-Oscar Mbo wazalelwa ePitoli waza wakhulela eKriel, eMpumalanga kwintshona ye-Witbank apho wachitha ixesha elininzi lobuntwana bakhe.

## Umsebenzi
NgoSeptemba ka-2019, wakhupha i-EP yakhe yokuqala, uBomi kunye noThando kwaye kamva ngoNovemba wazisa icwecwe lakhe lokuqala, Amandla eGolide. Ukwalilungu leqela lesithathu iGolden Boys Entertainment.

Ukhe waboniswa kwiPlatinum Friday yeKaya FM noT-Bose, Metro FM, TransAfrica Radio nakumdlalo kamabonakude iVuzu, Hit Refresh. Ufumene imvume evela kwiDizili. 

Ngo-2019, wenza ukhenketho lwakhe lokuqala lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiKlabhu ye-DJOON eParis ku-DJ Shimza's One Man Show kunye naseMozambique. Uye wadlala kwaye waba yintloko kwiminyhadala efana neHouse Musiq Festival eSwaziland kunye neWololo Music Festival eWitbank.

Ngo-Okthobha ka-2020, wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lesibini elinesihloko esithi, For The Groovists, elachongwa kumaBhaso oMculo oMzantsi Afrika angama-27 kwicwecwe lomdaniso  kwaye wabonisa umvelisi we-amapiano uKabza De Small.

NgoFebruwari 2021, wacula eBlizz Lounge ePitoli kunye nemvumi uBrian Temba. 

NgoJulayi 2021, wakhupha iEP yakhe enesihloko esithi, Defenders of House 

## I-Discography

* *Love & Life EP* (2019)
* *Golden Power* (2019)
* *For The Groovists* (2020)
* *Defenders of House* (2021)

## Amabhaso kunye nokutyunjwa
Transkei

ITranskei ngummandla ophesheya komlambo iNciba ukuya kuma kwidolophu yaseKokstad phambi kokungena kumhlaba wakwaZulu. Lo mmandla abahlali bawo uninzi ngamaXhosa anezizwe ezahlukeneyo eziquka amaMpondo, amaBomvana, amaMpondomise, amaBhaca, amaHlubi, kunye nabeSusthu. Ezi zizwe zinezithethe, amasiko kunye nezikumkani ezahlukeneyo.
ETranskei

ITranskei ngommandla waphesheya kweNciba ongumphumela wolawulo lwengcinezelo woMzantsi, apho uRhulument wengcinezelo owayelawula phambi konyaka ka-1994, wathi wohlula ulawulo ngokwamathanag ngenjongo yokuthintela ubunye kubantu abaNtsundu. Ngenxa yoku ke kwathi kwahlulwa phakathi kweCiskei kunye neTranskei, apho abemi bale mimandla  babengavumelekanga ukutyelelana ngaphandle kwepasipoti. Iinkokheli ezininzi zomzabalazo wenkululeko ezifana notata u-O. R. Tambo, utata uNelson Mandela, uNjengel Bantu Holomisa nabanye, ziphuma kulo mmandla weTranskei.
IsiMpondo

Olu lulwimi lwesiXhosa esiphenjelelwa kakhulu sisiZulu ngenxa yembali yemvelaphi yawo. Olu lwimi luthelthwa ngabemi basemaMpondweni kwiidolophu eziquka iNgqeleni, Libode, Sajonisi, Lusikisiki, njalo-njalo, ukuya kunqandwa ngumda wakwaZulu. Olu lwimi lubalulekile kakhulu kuba ludiza imvelaphi yomntu. AmaMpondo anobukumkani obuseMpuma-Koloni, wona aqikelelwa ukuba asekwa kwisithuba seminyaka yo-1282 phantsi koKumkani uMpondo kaNjanya, obathi kamva bawela kumaNyawuza. Aba ke bayinxalenye yezizwe zaseMbo ezathi zagaleleka kwilizwe lomZantsi Afrika.
Xhosa music

**Umculo [[AmaXhosa|wesiXhosa]]** kudala uyinxalenye yomculo woMzantsi Afrika ingakumbi kwicandelo lejezi . Kususela mandulo, ukucula ibilisiko nenkcubeko yamaXhosa.

Umculo wesiXhosa uyavakala kwaye uyanxibelelana, nto leyo equka ukuvakaliswa kwamagama nezandi ngesingqi. Kukwabandakanya intshukumo yomzimba esetyenziswa xa kuqhwatywa izandla, kudanisa okanye kudlalwa isixhobo somculo. Inkosi ezohlukeneyo zamaXhosa zabelana ngeengcinga ezifanayo zomculo.  

## Umculo kuMbutho wesiXhosa
Ukufunda umculo wesintu kuqala ngenkuthazo kunye nomnqweno wokuba nesabelo ngokupheleleyo kubomi belali phantse ngalo lonke ixesha lobomi kuquka iingoma zokudlala zabantwana, iingoma yamantombazana namakhwenkwe untshotso njengoko ekhula, amatheko omjuxuzo wentlombe, iingoma kunye nemijuxuzo ye izenzo zokwaluka, iingoma zezinyanya neengoma zebhiya. Ukuze ube nesabelo kwizithethe kunye nemikhosi, kuyimfuneko ukufunda iingoma.  

## Isandi sesiXhosa
Ingoma yesiXhosa isekelwe kwizixhobo zesaphetha zesiXhosa ezifana nethi 'umrhube' kunye 'nohadi' ngezandi ezibini ezisisiseko kumculo wesiXhosa. Iimvumi zemveli zamaXhosa zilinganisa izandi zezaphetha zazo zomculo zisebenzisa amazwi azo ngokulawula ulwimi lwazo kunye nokubunjwa komngxuma womlomo. Bavelisa ii-overtones ngokuphakamisa ulwimi ngoko ke bakha igumbi le-resonance. Isandi esibonakalayo sokucula ngokugqithisileyo senziwa ngokuqinisa imisipha yomqala ukudala isandi esiphantsi, esibuhlungu, esiqhekezayo. Obu buchule bunika ngokukodwa abafazi, ilizwi elinzulu. Ukucula i-Overtone kwenziwa kuphela ngabasetyhini kwaye ngokubanzi yimvumi ebalaseleyo ekhokela ingoma. . 

## Izixhobo zomculo
Uhadi kunye nomrhube zixhaphakile ukusetyenziswa kumculo wesintu wesiXhosa, ezinye izixhobo zomculo ziquka:

Amagubu:

* ikawu: Eli gubu lifana nekhaka elenziwe ngesikhumba senkomo esibethwa ngegqudu size sibethelwe phantsi ngamandla amakhulu. Kudla ngokudlalwa ngexesha lokwaluka kwamakhwenkwe kwaye ikhatshwa ngumdaniso okhethekileyo owenziwa ngamakhwenkwe. Ukubethwa kwenkawu kukwakhatshwa zizikhalo zedabi.
* ingqongqo: Eli gubu lingenamsebenzi lenziwa ngesikhumba senkomo esomisiweyo esiqinileyo kwaye sibethwe ngeentonga. Ingqongqo isekelwe phezu kwekhaka lokuzingela kunye namagubu ka-assegai. Ufele lwenkunzi luyanyangwa kwaye lubotshelelwe kwipali ezininzi eziziimitha ezintathu ukuya kwezine ukusuka emhlabeni. Isixhobo sidlalwa liqela labafazi abaneentonga (amaqoqa). Ulusu lubekwe ngenye indlela emhlabeni, abafazi bahlala phezu kwayo baze bayibethe ngeentonga. Eli gubu alisafumaneki kumaXhosa kodwa, ngaphambili lalisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabasetyhini xa kusenziwa imisitho yolwaluko lwamadoda nakwimibhiyozo yabavumisi.  

## Abadlali

* Amampondo
* Dizu Plaatjies
* Stompie Mavi
* Madosini
* UMiriam Makeba
* Nofinishi Dywili
* Thandiswa Mazwai

*
Engcobo

Idolophu yaseNgcobo, yidolophu efumaneka kwiPhondo laseMpuma Koloni. Ikwayi dolophu ethanda amasiko newahloniphayo.
Cofimvaba

Idolophu yaseCofimvaba yidolophu efumaneka kwiphondo laseMpuma Koloni. Kulapho kufumaneka amaqhaqwe afana nooSibusiso Zonke, Chris Hani kunye noMathanzima.
Multilingualism

**Iilwimi ezininzi** kukusetyenziswa kolwimi olungaphezulu kwesinye, nokuba sisithethi okanye liqela lezithethi. Kukholelwa ukuba abantu abathetha iilwimi ezininzi bodlula abathetha ulwimi olunye kubemi behlabathi .   Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abemi baseYurophu bathi bathetha olunye ulwimi ngaphandle kolwimi lwabo lweenkobe ;  kodwa abaninzi bafunda kwaye babhale ngolwimi olunye. Ukuthethwa kweelwimi ezininzi kuluncedo kubantu abafuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kurhwebo, umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuvuleleka kwenkcubeko.  Ngenxa yokufikelela lula kulwazi oluququzelelwa yi-Intanethi, ukutyhileka komntu ngamnye kwiilwimi ezininzi kuye kwenzeka ngakumbi. Abantu abathetha iilwimi ezininzi bakwabizwa ngokuba zii-**polyglots** .  

Abantu abathetha iilwimi ezininzi baye bafunda kwaye bagcina ulwimi olunye ebuntwaneni, oko kubizwa ngokuba lulwimi lokuqala (L1). Ulwimi lokuqala (maxa wambi lukwabizwa ngokuba lulwimi lweenkobe) ludla ngokufunyanwa ngaphandle kwemfundo esesikweni, ngeendlela apho abaphengululi bangavumelaniyo.  Abantwana abafunda iilwimi ezimbini zomthonyama kule minyaka yokuqala babizwa ngokuba ziilwimi ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo . Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abancinci abathetha iilwimi ezimbini ngaxeshanye babe nobuchule ngakumbi kolunye ulwimi kunolunye. 

Abantu abathetha ngaphezu kolwimi olunye kuxelwe ukuba banobuchule bokufunda ulwimi xa kuthelekiswa nolwimi olunye.
Rafael Orozco Maestre

U-**Rafael José Orozco Maestre** (Ungum*Spanish* owazalwa ngomhla we-24 ka-Eyokwindla ngomnyaka ka-1954), wayeyimvumi nobhali weengoma yase-Colombia. Wayeyimvumi enye yezona mvumi zibalaseleyo kwase-Colombia.
Mbo

AbaMbo ziintlanga ezathi zagaleleka kuMzantsi Afrika zivela kwimimandla yaseTopiya, eZambiya naseSwazini, ekukholelwa ukuba ziphuma kubukumkani bakwaKushi. Obu bungqina bubonakala kwisityalo sentsangu esitshotsha entla kumazwe akunxweme laseMpuma ye-Afrika aquka ilizwe laseMadagaska. Esi sityalo ke sichuma kakhulu kulo mmandla wasemaMpondweni. AmaMpondo ke aphuma kumnombo omnye namaXesibe, AmaMpondomise, AbakwaMkhize, AmaBomvu kunye namaBomvana.
IsiBhaca

Olu lulwimi oluthethwa ngamaXhosa akummandla wakwaBhaca, kwiidolophu eziquka iMatatiyele, Mount Frere, Mzimkhulu, kunye nemimandla ethile yaseMount Ayliff, eHarding,  Umzinto, Umzumbe kunye naseXopo. Nalo olu lwimi luyelelene nesiMpondo kuba lunempembelelo yesiZulu.
Fratello joseph

A UMzalwan’ uJoseph ngumKristu ongumKatolika, othabatha aze abazise abo bamlandelayo ngolwazi oluphathelele isiphelo sehlabathi. Olu lwazi luthatyathwe kwiimboni, ezinjengoLuz de Maria, abathi bayivile imiyalezo evela eZulwini. Kodwa asinguye yedwa weli qela. Amanye amajelo amaKatolika akhupha iividiyo ezingesiphelo sehlabathi. imiyalezo Kule miyalezo kuthiwa inxalenye enkulu yoluntu iya kufa ngenxa yokuba baye bahlukana kakhulu noThixo, kwaye kuphela abo bangamaKatolika abaya kukwazi ukuzisindisa, ukuguquka nokuguqula. Ikwabonisa ukuba icawe iyazikhwebula, njengoPopu uFrancis ethuka amaKristu, okanye ukutyunjwa kwe-antipope kunye neeleta eziyimfihlo ngokunjalo. Konke oku kuya kwenzeka kungekudala, kodwa kwixesha elizayo elingenammiselo.

## Amakhonkco angaphandle
UIosephu
Uxolo

A uxolo. yintoni uxolo? uxolo yimvakalelo yokuba sempilweni ngaphandle koxinzelelo okanye ixhala, kwaye lufunwa ziinkonzo ezininzi. KubuKristu, uxolo luya kuhlala luhleli ukuba ubani uziphatha kakuhle ebomini, elandela iBhayibhile. Enye intsingiselo eqhelekileyo yokuxhalaba kukungabikho kweemfazwe.￼
UIosephu

A iosephu yintshukumo (hayi inkolo engqondweni yakho) ebandakanya ukukholelwa kuyo yonke into umzalwana ujoseph, umKrestu ongumKatolika, uthi. Enyanisweni, iziprofeto ezingokupheliswa kwehlabathi ziphuma kuye. Ezi ziprofeto, ezifunyenwe kwiimboni eziquka uLuz de Maria, zithetha ngeenyikima, izikhukula, ukuwa kwecawa, nentaphane yezinye izinto athi ziyinyaniso. Nabani na oyixhasayo uba nguiosephu.
Non Praevalebunt

Non Praevalebunt ngumjelo we-youtube womzalwana uYosefu, lowo unenjongo yokuba isiphelo sehlabathi siza kufika ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuba siguquke. kweli jelo, kunye nerumble, joseph uthumela olu lwazi, luxutywe nemithandazo nezinye.

## Amakhonkco angaphandle
Fratello joseph
Ave Maria

I-Ave Maria ngumthandazo obalulekileyo wamaKristu njengoko ifuna ukuphakamisa uMariya, unina kaYesu.

## umbhalo

Bulisa uMariya ozele lubabalo, iNkosi i'nawe. Usikelelwe wena phakathi kwabafazi, usikelelwe isiqhamo sesizalo sakho uYesu.Mariya Ongcwele, unina kaYesu, sithandazele thina nani ngoku, nangexesha lokufa kwethu amen.
Happy willow town

Idolophu yaseWillow eyonwabileyo yi - **anime** yeTV yaseJapan esekwekuncwadi lwabantwana bakaKenneth Graham , iTanoshii Kawabe . Iziqendu ezingama-26 zizonke. Usasazo ukusuka ngo-Oktobha 7, 1993 ukuya kuMatshi 31, 1994 kwiTV Tokyo , isikhululo semveliso .
Ubhodl'usambosa

Ukwenza into kodwa uyazazi iziphumo zalo nto uyenzayo.Lifana nqwa nelithi Uxhents'uzombelela. (@Oyama H.Dondolo umbhali.)
Umpostile uPawulos

A UPawulos waseTarsio ngumpostile. unegama lakhe lantlandlolo, uSawule, yaye emva koko, uPawulos, elompostile. USawule waguqukela kukholo olutsha emva kokuwa ehasheni lakhe endleleni eya eDamasko waza waba nombono awathi kuwo uYesu wambiza esithi: “Sawule, Sawule, unditshutshiselani na? Emva kokufunda imigaqo yolu nqulo lutsha kuHananiya, waguquka waza wathabatha igama elitsha likaPawulos, esiba ngumsasazi oqinisekileyo nozimiseleyo wesigidimi sikaKristu. Wabhala iileta, ngoku eziyinxalenye yeBhayibhile.￼
Isandla

Isandla sesona siphelo sikude selungu ngalinye elingasentla emzimbeni womntu. Ixhotyiswe ngeminwe emi-5, inokwakheka okuntsonkothileyo, okubandakanya amathambo amaninzi, amalungu, imithambo, izihlunu kunye nemisipha. Ngaphezu koko, inokugcinwa kakuhle kunye nenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yemithambo yegazi.

Isandla sinemisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo: ikuvumela ukuba ubambe izinto, usebenze njengelungu lengqiqo ethintekayo, ikuvumela ukuba unxibelelane kwaye uqinisekise uzinzo kubantwana abasahamba kuzo zonke ezine. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela isandla kukuphuka kwamathambo.
Umthetho wokuqala

“NdinguYehova uThixo wakho, owakukhuphayo ezweni laseYiputa, endlwini yobukhoboka; ungabi nathixo bambi ngaphandle kwam. Uze ungazenzeli umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, nokuba ngowantoni na esemazulwini, nokuba yeyokuphantsi emhlabeni, nesemanzini aphantsi komhlaba. Uze ungaqubudi phambi kwazo, ungazikhonzi.” ( Eks 20:2-5 ) Kubhaliwe kwathiwa: “Uze unqule uYehova uThixo wakho, umkhonze yena yedwa” Xa umntu ekhetha ubukhoboka obutofotofo phezu kwenkululeko edinisayo. ukhonza izithixo. Utyekelo lomntu kukubeka into ethile njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubomi bukabani akulungeleyo ukuchitha ixesha efuna ulonwabo oluyimfuneko nolwanelisayo. Inkanuko yesithixo inyanzelisa ukulawulwa rhoqo kwamandla, athi, ethubeni, afunxwe ngokupheleleyo ngamabinzana ngokweminqweno okanye iminqweno kabani. Nangona kunzima ukuyichaza, izithixo zomntu zinokuba zingenakubalwa: amandla, imali okanye inyama yinxalenye yaloo mizekelo yenkcubeko yangoku ebekwe embindini wobuntu bakhe. Ngoxa izithixo ezinjalo namhlanje zingenakushenxiswa, akukho nto yimbi uThixo ayivumayo ebandakanyekileyo njengaye, njengoko ezivakalisa ukuba unguThixo onekhwele. Nangona kunjalo, ikhwele eluntwini yimbonakaliso egqibeleleyo yeso sivumelwano sokholo apho ubani athembisa ukubeka iNkosi kwincopho yezenzo zikabani, ukuze afumane inzuzo ayithembisayo ngokutshintshiselana nokuthembeka. Izithixo, ngelixa zinika ulonwabo lokuqala, zidala iziyobisi eziyityhefu, zithatha kancinci inkululeko esifuna ukuyinika isithixo endaweni yoko. Ke ngoko, ikhwele libubungqina obengeziweyo bomgcini kunye nenkathalo. Wonke umntu unesithuba sokuzalisa, ukuba akukho ndawo yeNkosi, abanye oothixo baya kuthatha isithuba, belungele ukubeka iingcambu ezonakalisayo, ke ngoko, ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, umntu makangaweli kwiziphazamiso ezinetyala, elungisa ukuthanda kwakhe nokuzibophelela kwakhe. usukelo olubalaseleyo olukhokelela kokuphela koThixo okhululayo. Ngoko ke, umyalelo wokuqala usisenzo sokuzithanda. Ukwenza yonke imidla yentlalo ngokucokisekileyo akusokuze kukhotyokiswe, endaweni yoko, kwinkululeko epheleleyo, uThixo ubonakala njengobuthixo obukhoyo nobuphaphileyo.
Intloko

Umntla womzimba apho kukho amalungu hlanu: incasa, ivumba, ukuva, ukubona kunye nokubamba, nangona kunjalo ikwasasazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngaphakathi kukho ubuchopho. idityaniswe ngomzimba ngokubulela entanyeni.
Iliwa Inqanawa

iliwa inqanawa liliwa elifumaneka eItali, kufutshane nesiqithi sasePanarea. ilitye kwindawo yalo ephezulu liphezulu iimitha ezingama-49, kwaye likhulu nge-0.0042 km2.

amawa aseItali
I-Edinburgh

I-Edinburgh Enye yezona zikhulu esikhulu kunye nekomkhulu laseScotland, ummandla we-United Kingdom.
teknapa

## ezinye izixeko
IFoggia
Iliwa ISpinazzola

iliwa iSpinazzola liliwa lase-Italiya kwiziqithi zaseAeolian eSicily. Ngokulawulwayo yeyaLipari, kwiphondo laseMessina. inkulu 0.0055 km2
Iliwa IFaraone

Iliwa laseFaraglione liliwa lase-Italiya, eliseziqithini zaseAeolian, malunga neemitha ezingama-300 ukusuka kwisiqithi saseSalina. iliwa linemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo kwaye likhulu nge-0,0049 km2.
Indlovu ayisindwa ngumboko wayo

Indlovu ayisindwa ngumboko wayo: "iqhalo" Sithi xa siyijongile indlovu le, umboko wayo ingathi wawungafuneki nganto, ngumthwalo nje ojongwe ngokuba ebekufanele ukuba yingxaki, kanti ke akunjalo, kuba unomsebenzi wawo. Kuthethwa ukuba wonke umntu umelwe kukuwuthwala umthwalo wakhe neengxaki zakhe, nokuba kukho iingxingo neenqwithelo ezinzima. Umzekelo "Kwafuneka atyathe isaka lakhe anyuke umnqantsa, abane ewubeka entloko. Indlovu ayisindwa ngumboko wayo."
IFoggia

IFoggia sisixeko esiseItali, kwingingqi yePuglia, nakwiphondo elibizwa ngegama elinye.

## ezinye izixeko
IMilan
ICerignola

ICerignola sisixeko esikwiphondo laseFoggia, iphondo elikummandla wePuglia, ummandla wase-Itali

## ezinye izixeko
IAmsterdam
ILondon

ILondon sesona sixeko sikhulu kunye nekomkhulu laseUnited Kingdom

esi sixeko sesinye sezona zixeko zikhulu eYurophu

## ezinye izixeko
IOslo
IMadrid

IMadrid likomkhulu laseSpain. Bamalunga nezigidi ezi-3.2 abantu abahlala eMadrid, kodwa kuyo yonke idolophu abantu beza. 7.5 yezigidi zabantu.

## ezinye izixeko
IRoma
ILisbon

ILisbon likomkhulu lasePortugal, likhaya labantu abamalunga nama-500,000. Inommandla ongaphezulu nje kweekhilomitha ezili-100 zesikwere
IRoma

IRoma likomkhulu kunye nesona sixeko sinabantu abaninzi e-Itali. IRoma yayisisixeko esibalulekileyo embalini kuba yayilikomkhulu loBukhosi baseRoma.
IZagreb

IZagreb likomkhulu laseCroatia. malunga ne-7,7 yezigidi zabantu abahlala apho. ithatha indawo ye-641 square metres.
Afrocentric

* I-Afrocentrism, inkcubeko ethandwayo kunye neengcamango zigxile kwimbali kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abamnyama baseAfrika
* I-Afrocentricity, indlela yophando kunye ne-methodological paradigm esetyenziswa kwizifundo zabaMnyama ukumisa abantu abamnyama baseAfrika njengezifundo kunye neearhente ngaphakathi kwezembali zabo nezenkcubeko.
Imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala

imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimfazwe enkulu, yimfazwe ebandakanya inxalenye enkulu yehlabathi, kwaye eyachasana namazwe e-axis ((iJamani, i-Austria-Hungary njl...) kunye namahlakani (ubukhosi baseNgilani, iFransi, iRussia njl...)
IOslo

IOslo likomkhulu laseNorway, ikhaya elinabantu abamalunga nama-700,000. Ukuqwalasela kwakhona ummandla wonke we-metropolitan, abantu bafikelela malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi
Yintoni

Yintoni igama eliqhelekileyo, kwaye ngoko intsingiselo yalo inokuqondwa kuphela kwimeko yesivakalisi
Iphepha

Iphepha: elibinzana kuthiwa liphepha lisuka kwisixeko sase China mandulo, apho ubuchule bokwenza iphepha baqala ukuphuhliswa malunga ne-105 AD. Iqale yenziwa ngemicu yezityalo efana nexolo lesiqamo esibizwa ngokuba yi "mulberry", iphepha yinto esetyenziselwa ukubhala kwaye nonxibelelwano. Namhlanje iphepha libandakanya indlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumaphepha emfundo kunye namaxwebhu ukuya kwizinto zokupakitsha kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Kwimfundo ephakamileyo, iphepha libhekisela kumsebenzi obhaliweyo, obonisa uphando, uhlalutyo, okanye iingcinga zesihloko esithile.
ITaipei101

I-Taipei 101 yindawo yesihlanu ubude emhlabeni. Igama layo livela kwimigangatho yayo, oko kukuthi 101. I-skyscraper yi-509.20 yeemitha ukuphakama. ITaipei 101 ikwilizwe laseTaiwan eAsia.
Cathaya

ICathaya ngumthi osoloko uluhlaza onokukhula ube ziimitha ezingama-40. Ukuphela kweentlobo eziphilayo ngoku yiCathaya agyrophilla Ihlala e-China kumaphondo aseGuangxi, eGuizhou naseHunan.
Uhlaselo lwase-Ukraine eRashiya

uhlaselo lwase-ukrainian lwase-russia lungquzulwano olubekwe e-ukraine, olwaqala ngoFebruwari 24, 2022, kwaye lusaqhubeka nanamhlanje. imimandla enqotshiweyo yiCrimea, eyaba yiRashiya esele ivele kwi-2014, kunye ne-Donbass, engekahluthwa ngokupheleleyo. ngaphezu koko, umcu waseRashiya unokubonwa ukusuka ekupheleni kweUkraine ukusuka kuMlambo iDnepr kwaye unobunzima beekhilomitha eziliqela kwaye unabela malunga nemilinganiselo efanayo, ukuya ekupheleni komphambili.
Ipanslavism

ngokuwa kobukhosi be-ottoman, i-romania esemazantsi, i-serbia kunye nelinye ilizwe lazimela. i-pan-Slavism ngumnqweno wokumanyanisa bonke abemi baseSerbia kubukumkani obunye, kwaye ekubeni iSerbia ngoku ibe bubukumkani obubodwa, yayinokwenzeka. into embi nakuba, ukuba enye intsimi Slavic kwaba ezandleni Austro-Hungarian Empire. oku kunokugqalwa njengesizathu semfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, kuba iiserbs zahlasela i-archduke njalo njalo
ISuperheroes

I-Superheroes yenye yemvumi uMnu Rain. Ingoma ebiyinxalenye yomnyhadala wesanremo 2023. Nabantwana bacule kule ngoma.
ICampomarino Lido

ICampomarino lido liqhezu likamasipala waseCampomarino. ihamlet kunye nomasipala kwiphondo laseCampobasso. iphondo laseCampobasso likwingingqi yaseMolise, edume ngelithi alikho. UMolise useItali
Ibali lelali yaseTyroline

"Chirorin Mura Monogatari" ngumsebenzi woopopayi beTV owasasazwa kwi-NHK Educational TV ukusuka ngo-Epreli 6, 1992 ukuya kuMatshi 19, 1993.  170 iziqephu zizonke.
Tschukundu

***I-Tschukundu*** kunye ***ne-Indlovu*** zizikhephe ezitsalwayo, ezakhiwe eMzantsi Afrika yi -Farocean Marine ukuyilwa ngabakhi beenqanawa baseDamen iDamen Group .  Uyilo lwe-tug lwalusekelwe kwi- Damen Stan Tug 2006 . Iinqanawa zinezaphetha ezikhethekileyo zokuphatha iinkwili zoMkhosi waManzi woMzantsi Afrika . Zaziswa ngoFebruwari 2006 kwizibuk lasekhaya laseSimonstown .

I-National Ports Authority yaseMzantsi Afrika ikwasebenzisa i-crane edadayo ebizwa ngokuba yi *-Indlovu*, ezinze eThekwini . 

indlovu idla ngokufumaneka kwiisekisi, izakhiwo zokufumana umvuzo
IConservatory yaseBari

I- **Niccolò Piccinni Conservatory** (  : *Conservatorio Niccolò Piccinni*

) yasekwa ngumculi we-violinist kunye nomgxeki womculo u-Giovanni Capaldi ngo-1925, kunye nekomkhulu e-Villa Bucciero, eBari, eItali.  Yayisisikolo seshumi elinesine somculo esivela e-Itali.  Eyokuqala yadalwa njengemfundo yomculo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ("Liceo Musicale"), kwi-1937 yaguqulwa yaba yi- conservatory, kwaye yaqanjwa ngokuhlonipha umqambi waseNtaliyane wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo uNiccolò Piccinni . 

le Conservatory ibekwe eBari, ikomkhulu lengingqi yePuglia yelizwe laseItali
De jure

Kumthetho nakurhulumente, ***de jure*** (   ;    ,    ) ichaza izenzo ezamkelwa ngokusemthethweni, kungakhathaliseki nokuba isenzo sikho ngokwenyani.  Ngokwahlukileyo,  ("enyanisweni") ichaza iimeko ezikhoyo ngokwenyani, nokuba akukho jit ngokusemthethweni. 

isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa naleyo yamazwe: de jure ukuba urhulumente uyintoni na ephepheni kunye ne-facto ukuba yintoni kanye kanye.
Ijezi

ukuba ndiyakwazi ukuyiqwalasela, mhlawumbi ungayidlulisela kummelwane wakho. ihempe sisigqubuthelo somzimba, nangona kufanele ukuba sele igqunywe ngehempe yangaphantsi. ngaphezu koko, ihempe ithathwa njengengubo
Oonokrwece

iicrustaceans ziiarthropods ezihlala kakhulu emanzini. kwii-costaceans kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana, ezifana ne-crab, i-cladocera, i-cirriperi, i-tantulocaridi kunye nokunye.
De facto umgangatho

**Umgangatho ''we-de facto*** sisithethe okanye isivumelwano esifumene isikhundla esiphezulu ngokwamkelwa koluntu okanye amandla emarike (umzekelo, ngokungena kwangoko kwimarike ).  De facto is a Latin phrase (literally ""), here meaning "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established".

Igama elithi *de facto* standard lisetyenziswa ngokuchaseneyo nemigangatho echazwa yimibutho okanye emiselwe ngumthetho (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi [[De jure|*-de jure'' standards]] ), okanye ukuvakalisa umgangatho obalaseleyo wokuzithandela xa kukho umgangatho omnye okhoyo wokusetyenziswa okufanayo. 

ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswe kumxholo welizwe: i-de jure ichongiwe njengento ekwiphepha, kodwa i-facto i-state ayinalo uhlobo lwe-republic okanye uhlobo lombuso.
Sebhiya

**ISerbia**  ,  ; IsiSerbian : , ,    ), ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhlikhi **yaseSerbia** ( Serbian : , ,    ), lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi-mpuma nakuMbindi Yurophu, emi ekudibaneni kweendlela zePannonian Basin kunye neeBalkans . Yabelana ngemida yomhlaba kunye neHungary ukuya emantla, iRomania ukuya emantla-mpuma, iBulgaria ukuya empuma-mpuma, kuMantla eMacedonia ukuya emazantsi, iCroatia kunye neBosnia kunye neHerzegovina ngasentshona, kunye neMontenegro kumazantsi-ntshona, kwaye ibango lomda kunye neAlbania ngokusebenzisa ingxabano. ummandla waseKosovo .  I-Serbia ngaphandle kwe-Kosovo inabemi malunga ne-6.7 yezigidi, malunga ne-8.4 yezigidi ukuba i-Kosovo ifakiwe. 

I-serbia yazalwa ngokuqhekeka kwe-yougoslavia kunye ne-serbia kunye ne-montenegro, ngaloo ndlela ikhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-serbia.
Photshugo

**IsiPhuthukezi** (  ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yesiPhuthukezi** (     ),  lilizwe elikuSingasiqithi we -Iberia, kumazantsi-ntshona eYurophu, kwaye ummandla walo ukwabandakanya iziqithi zeAtlantiki zaseAzores naseMadeira . Ibonisa eyona ndawo yasentshona kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, kwaye isahlulo sayo sase Iberia sinomda ngasentshona nasezantsi kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ukuya emantla nasempuma yiSpain, elona lizwe likuphela kwalo ukuba nomda womhlaba nePortugal . Iiarchipelagos zayo ezimbini zenza imimandla emibini ezimeleyo enoorhulumente bazo bemimandla . 

Ikomkhulu lasePortugal yiLisbon, isixeko esinabemi abamalunga nama-500,000
Iunited kingdom

**IUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland**, eyaziwa njengeUnited **Kingdom** ( **UK** ) okanye **iBritane**,   lilizwe elizimeleyo kunye nelizwe eYurophu, ukusuka kunxweme olukumantla-ntshona welizwekazi lelizwekazi . .  Iquka iNgilani, iSkotlani, iWales kunye noMntla Ireland .  I-United Kingdom ibandakanya isiqithi saseGreat Britain, indawo ekumntla-mpuma wesiqithi saseIreland, kunye neziqithi ezininzi ezincinci kwiBritish Isles .  UMntla Ireland wabelana ngomda womhlaba kunye neRiphabhliki yaseIreland ; ngaphandle koko, i-United Kingdom ijikelezwe yi-Atlantic Ocean, i -North Sea, i- English Channel, i- Celtic Sea kunye noLwandle lwase-Irish . Iyonke indawo yaseUnited Kingdom , kuqikelelwa ukuba ngama-2020 abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-67. 

ubukumkani obumanyeneyo bakha baba nobukhosi obukhulu, obugqalwa njengobona bukhosi bukhulu embalini. nanamhlanje eminye imimandla eyenziwe ziziqithi ezincinci kulwandle kunye neminye imimandla engazimele.
UJudith Ortiz Cofer

**UJudith Ortiz Cofer** (ngoFebruwari 24, 1952 - Disemba 30, 2016) wayengumbhali wasePuerto Rican. Waziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuyila engeyonyani kwaye imisebenzi yakhe yeyokuveza iiyantlukwano kunye nezikhewu ezivelayo phakathi kwelifa lakhe lenkcubeko eyahluliweyo. Umsebenzi wakhe uphinda uphonononge izifundo ezinjengobuhlanga kunye nocalucalulo ngokwesini kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Wayekwangumbhali n wencwadi yabantwana. Izihloko abhale ngazo malunga nomsebenzi wakhe: *Ibali loThando eliqala ngeSpanish*, *Ukufikelela kwi-Mainland kunye neeNkongo eziNtsha ezikhethiweyo*, *iMiqathango yokusinda*, kunye *nembongi ephezulu*, *i-Animal Jamboree / La Fiesta De Los Animales: Latino Folktales / Leyendas*, kunye ne *-A* . *Ibheyile!* */Masidanise* . Uninzi lwezihloko zakhe zimalunga nabantwana, izilwanyana nothando. UJudith Ortiz Cofer uvotelwe kwiHolo yababhali baseGeorgia yodumo *lwefame* .

## Obomi bakwangoko
UJudith Ortíz Cofer wazalelwa kuYesu uLugo Ortíz kunye noFanny Morot eHormigueros, ePuerto Rico, ngoFebruwari 24, 1952. Wafudukela ePaterson, eNew Jersey kunye nosapho lwakhe ngo-1956. UMorot (umama wakhe) wazala uJudith Ortíz Cofer xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala. .  T bakholelwa ukuba baya kuba namathuba amaninzi kubazali abancinci eMelika. Nangona uLugo (uyise) wayethanda kakhulu ukusebenza eyunivesithi, wayeka isikolo waza wajoyina i- US Navy . Kamva, wabelwa ePanama xa kwazalwa intombi yakhe. Wadibana noJudith Ortiz Cofer okokuqala kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Ukufuduka kosapho lwakhe ukusuka ePuerto Rico ukuya eNew Jersey kwaba nefuthe ekubhaleni kwakhe.

## Indlela athe waba ngumbhali ngayo
Umsebenzi ka-Ortiz Cofer unokubizwa ngokuba yi-creative nonfiction. Isimbo sakhe sokubalisa saphenjelelwa kukubaliswa kwamabali omlomo, awaphefumlelwa ngumakhulu wakhe. EPuerto Rico, isiko labo kukubalisa amabali.  Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ngomsebenzi wemibongo, *iLatin Deli.* Wonyulwa kwiBhaso lePulitzer. Eminye imisebenzi yakhe iphonononga iindidi ngeendidi, edibanisa imibongo, intsomi emfutshane, kunye nebali lobuqu.  Imisebenzi ka-Ortiz Cofer ihlala igxile ekuphileni ubomi bakhe phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini, iMelika kunye nePuerto Rican, kunye nendlela oku kwazisa ngayo izimvo zakhe njengombhali. Umsebenzi wakhe uphinda uphonononge izifundo ezinjengobuhlanga kunye nocalucalulo ngokwesini kwinkcubeko yaseMelika.

## Iimbekiselo

## Ezinye iiwebhusayithi

* https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/judith-ortiz-cofer-1952-2016
* https://poets.org/poet/judith-ortiz-cofer
* http://www.uhu.es/antonia.dominguez/latinas/coferinterview4.pdf
UVirginia Hamilton

**UVirginia Esther Hamilton** (ngoMatshi 12, 1934 – Februwari 19, 2002) wayengumbhali weencwadi zabantwana wase-Afrika-waseMelika . Wazalelwa kwaye wakhulela eYellow Springs, eOhio .

Umama kaVirginia Hamilton yayingu-Etta Bella Perry Hamilton kwaye utata wakhe yayinguKenneth James Hamilton. Ufunde kwiKholeji yaseAntiyokwe, kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio State, nakwiSikolo esitsha soPhando lweNtlalo. NgoMatshi 19, 1960 uHamilton watshata noArnold Adoff. Babenabantwana ababini kunye, uLeigh Hamilton Adoff kunye noJamie Levi Adoff. 

UVirginia Hamilton ubhale ikakhulu malunga neentsomi zase-Afrika zaseMelika kunye nelifa lemveli. U-Hamilton wabhala amabali akhe kuqala ecinga malunga nokulinganiswa kwabalinganiswa, iisetingi, kunye nemixholo, emva koko echukumisa imixholo yobuhlanga. Wabhala nangemibandela yasekuhlaleni, usukuzwano lwabantwana bakowenu nengcinezelo yoontanga. 

Ufumene iimbasa ezininzi ngokubhala kwakhe. Ku *-MC Higgins, Omkhulu*, ibali lenkwenkwe emnyama ekhule ihlwempu eMzantsi, iphumelele i-US National Book Award kunye ne- Newbery Medal ngo-1975. Ukuphumelela ebomini, waphumelela iMbasa yezizwe ngezizwe yeHans Christian Andersen yokubhala uncwadi lwabantwana ngo-1992 kunye neMbasa yeLaura Ingalls Wilder ngo-1995  Ngenxa yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga kuma-Afrika aseMelika ngexesha lobomi bakhe, impumelelo yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu.

Usweleke eDayton, eOhio ngenxa yomhlaza wamabele . 

## Iimbekiselo


* Wolf, uVirginia L. "Hamilton, Virginia." Incwadi yeHlabathi iPhambili. Incwadi yehlabathi, ngo-2015. Web. Ifikeleleke nge-23 kuMatshi ngo-2015
Melanie Joy

**UMelanie Joy** (owazalwa nge-2 kaSeptemba, 1966) yingcali yengqondo yaseMelika kunye nombhali. Waziwa ngokudala igama elithi carnism, esisifundo kunye nophando malunga nobudlelwane babantu nezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya.  Ungumongameli ongumseki weqela leenkxaso ezingenzi nzuzo iBeyond Carnism.  Wayengunjingalwazi wezengqondo kunye nezentlalo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts eBoston . 

## Iimbekiselo
Jiphethe

**Egypt** (     ,  ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yase-Arab yaseYiputa**, lilizwe elinqumla ilizwekazi elihamba kwikona ekumntla-mpuma we-Afrika nakwikona ekumzantsi-ntshona we-Asiya ngebhulorho yomhlaba eyenziwe nguSingasiqithi weSinayi . Idalwe luLwandle lweMeditera ukuya emantla, iGaza Strip yasePalestine kunye noSirayeli ngasemantla-mpuma, uLwandle oluBomvu ngasempuma, iSudan emazantsi, kunye neLibhiya ngasentshona . Igophe laseAqaba kumntla-mpuma lohlula iJiphutha kwiJordan kunye neSaudi Arabia . ICairo likomkhulu kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu saseYiputa, ngelixa iAlexandria, isixeko sesibini ngobukhulu, siyindawo ebalulekileyo yemizi-mveliso kunye nabakhenkethi kunxweme lweMeditera .  Kubemi abamalunga ne-100 lezigidi, iYiputa ililizwe le -14 ngokuba nabemi abaninzi emhlabeni .

Nangona impucuko yokuqala yavela kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, ilizwe lanamhlanje laseYiputa lazalwa kuphela ngenkulungwane yama-20, xa iBritish Egypt yabhengeza inkululeko.
Ostriya

**IOstriya**,  ngokusesikweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseOstriya**,  lilizwe elivaliweyo kumazantsi oMbindi Yurophu, emi kwiMpuma yeAlps .  Ngumanyano lwamazwe alithoba, elinye lawo lilikomkhulu, iVienna, esona sixeko sinabantu abaninzi kunye norhulumente. IOstriya ijikelezwe yiJamani emantla-ntshona, iRiphabliki yaseCzech ukuya emantla, iSlovakia ukuya emantla-mpuma, iHungary ngasempuma, iSlovenia ne- Itali emazantsi, kunye neSwitzerland kunye neLiechtenstein ngasentshona. Ilizwe lithatha indawo engama-   kwaye inabemi abazizigidi ezili-9. 

Ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, uBukumkani baseOstriya babumanyaniswa noBukumkani baseHungary, kunye nezinye iintlanga, baba ngumbuso omnye omkhulu, obizwa ngokuba yi "Austro-Hungarian Empire"

## __LEAD_SECTION__

 ( isiJamani : *Österreich*, , ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseOstriya**    ilungu leManyano yaseYurophu, elikuMbindi Yurophu . Imida yaseSwitzerland ( iCanton yaseGrisons, iCanton yaseSt. Gallen ) kunye neLiechtenstein ngasentshona, iSlovenia kunye neItali ( Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto ) ukuya emazantsi, eHungary ukuya empuma, iSlovakia ukuya kumntla-mpuma, IJamani ( iBavaria ) kunye neCzech Republic ukuya ngasentla.

Ilizwe elivaliweyo, elinekomkhulu lesixeko saseVienna esiselunxwemeni lomlambo iDanube, imvelaphi yalo yangoku isukela ngenkulungwane ye-9, xa ummandla weOstriya ePhezulu neseMazantsi iye yanda abantu abaninzi. Igama elithi *Ostarrichi* liqinisekiswa okokuqala kuxwebhu olusemthethweni oluvela kwi-996 ngu- Otto III . Eli gama liye lavela kwi- *Österreich* . Idemokhrasi emele ipalamente (nangona umongameli ekhethwe ngokuthe ngqo ngabemi) kwaye lelinye lamazwe amathandathu aseYurophu avakalise ukungathathi hlangothi okusisigxina , kunye naphakathi kwamazwe ambalwa ehlabathini aquka ingcamango yokungathathi hlangothi ngonaphakade. kumgaqo-siseko wayo . Ibe lilungu leZizwe eziManyeneyo ukusukela ngo-1955  ngelixa yajoyina i -European Union ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-1995.
UPatty Aubrey

**UPatty Aubrey** ngumbhali waseMelika osuka eCalifornia . Uye waqulunqa *iSobho seNkuku yoMphefumlo uchungechunge*, kuquka *iSobho seNkuku yoMphefumlo wamaKristu.*

Intshatsheli yokuxhotyiswa kwabasetyhini, u-Aubrey wabhala incwadi yabasetyhini kuphela, *ISophu yenkukhu yoMphefumlo woMfazi ongumKristu.* Le ncwadi inamabali okwenene amabhinqa ajamelene nocelomngeni, amaxesha anzima nokuhlaziya ukholo lukabani. Izahluko ziquka Ukholo, Uthando Lwentsapho, Amandla KaThixo Okuphilisa, Ubuhlobo, Ukwenza Umahluko, Ucelomngeni Nemimangaliso. 

Wavela *"Vuka!"* Umboniso weTV ngo-2015.  Ngo-2017 waboniswa kwimuvi ethi *The Soul of Success.*  Imibhalo yakhe iqatshelwe njengebalulekile kuhlobo lokuzinceda.  Ube negalelo kwiincwadi ezahlukeneyo kwiinkalo zokuzinceda, ingqondo nomzimba, ukuqeqesha, imiba yobomi, imali, impumelelo, kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Umbhali uLisa Nichols wabhala ukuba uAubrey "ngamandla anokwenzeka".  Iincwadi zakhe zazithathwa njengezona zibalulekileyo kwiincwadi zokuzinceda.

## Uluhlu lweencwadi
**I-Chicken Soul yoMphefumlo wamaKristu** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Isuphu yenkukhu yoMphefumlo woMfazi ongumKristu** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Isobho seNkuku kuMphefumlo kaMama omtsha** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**I-Chicken Soup ye-Soul Sisters** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Isuphu yenkukhu yoMphefumlo woMthandi woLwandle** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Utata oyiNtombi yoMphefumlo weSophu yenkukhu** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**I-Chicken Soup yoMphefumlo oMtsha ongumKristu** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Isuphu yenkukhu yoMphefumlo woomama abalindelekileyo** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Isuphu yenkukhu yoMphefumlo wabasindileyo boMhlaza** nguJack Canfield kunye noMark Victor Hansen kunye noPatty Aubery

**Isobho seNkukhu kuMphefumlo osindileyo** nguJack Canfield, uBernie S. Siegel, kunye noPatty Aubrey.

**Imvume inikelwe** nguKate Butler Cpsc kunye noPatty Aubrey.

**Thatha amandla akho** nguPatty Aubery kunye noMark Mirkovich.

## Iimbekiselo
UMary Morrissey

**UMary Morrissey** (owazalwa ngo-1949) ngumbhali waseMelika   kunye netshantliziyo lokungaxhatshazwa kwamazwe ngamazwe.  Ungumbhali *woKwakha iNdawo Yakho yamaphupha,* exelela ubunzima bukaMorrissey kunye nezifundo kubomi bakhe bokuqala.   Ukwangumbhali wencwadi ethi *Akukho Ngaphantsi Kobukhulu,* incwadi emalunga nokuphilisa ubudlelwane.   Ngowama-2002 waqokelela waza wahlela incwadi ethi *New Thought: A Practical Spirituality.* 

Umbhali waseMelika uWayne Dyer wambiza ngokuba "ngomnye wabafundisi abacinga kakhulu ngexesha lethu." 

Esebenzayo ukusuka kumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wokunceda abantu bamazwe ngamazwe, uMorrissey waseka i-Association for Global New Thinking ngo-1995 kwaye wayengumongameli wayo wokuqala.  

Ngo-1997 wadibanisa izandla nomzukulwana ka -Mahatma Gandhi, u-Arun Gandhi, ekusekeni ''iXesha lezizwe ngezizwe lokuNonviolence'' .   Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2019, *iXesha lokuNgena koBundlobongela* labhiyozelwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengethuba "lokudibanisa uluntu, ukubaxhobisa ukuba babone kwaye bancede ukudala ihlabathi elingenabundlobongela." 

## Ukugxekwa
Kwincwadi yakhe, *i-Shadow Medicine: I-Placebo kwi-Conventional and Alternative Therapies,* uJohn S. Haller ulumkisa ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana nokunikezelwa nguMary Morrissey, akufanele zithathwe njengento ethatha indawo yonyango oluqhelekileyo. 

## Uluhlu lweencwadi

* *Ukwakha iNsimi Yakho yamaphupha*, uMary Morrissey, iNdlu eRandom, ngo-1996. ISBN 978-0-553-10214-7 

* *Akukho ngaphantsi koBukhulu*, uMary Morrissey, iNdlu engaqhelekanga, ngo-2001. ISBN 978-0-553-10653-4 

* *Ingcamango Entsha: Umoya Osebenzayo*, uMary Morrissey (umhleli), iPenguin, i-2002. 

## Amanqaku
Ucalucalulo oluxhomekeke kumbala

Uphando lufumene ubungqina obuninzi bocalucalulo oluxhomekeke kumbala wolusu kubulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho, ishishini, uqoqosho, izindlu, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imidiya kunye nezopolitiko eUnited States naseYurophu . Izikhumba ezikhanyayo zibonwe njengazona zikhethekileyo  kumazwe amaninzi eAfrika, eAsia naseMzantsi Melika .Ucalucalulo kuxa abantu abathile abathi baphathwe ngendlela embi okanye bangawafumani amalungelo abo ngokupheleleyo futhi baphinde bakhethwe ngenxa yombala nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezifana nohlanga lwabantu  lonto ibangela kubekho ucalucalulo.  

## ilizwe jikelele
 
Ubuhlanga buchaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi ngemihle ngemihla. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu bebala elintsundu banikwa abathuba amancinane ukuba bafumane imfundo ephakamileyo  nakwingqesho kunabamhlophe . Abantu abantsundu baphathwa gxadalala  kunabamhlophe. Njengabalingani bothando, bajongwa njengabantu abangathandekiyo kwaye abantu abamhlophe babajongwa njengento enqwenelekayo. Bakwafumana unyango lwezamayeza olubuthathaka.
Ubuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika

**Ubuhlanga , ukwahlulela okanye ubandlululo eMzantsi Afrika**  kwaye inemiphumela emibi eluntwini ,ubuhlanga okanye ukwahlulela bunokulandwa emva kwiingxelo zasembo zentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu baseAfrika, baseAsia nabaseYurophu kunxweme lwaseMzantsi eAfrika .   Ikho kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kwimbali yoMzantsi Afrika,   isukela emva  yamaDatshi yaseMazantsi eAfrika eyaqala ngo-1652   Phambi kokuba kuphunyezwe ilungelo lehlabathi jikelele ngo-1994, abemi baseMzantsi Afrika abaMhlophe, ingakumbi amaBhunu ngexesha localucalulo, babexhamla kumalungelo namalungelo awahlukeneyo avunywe ngumthetho okanye avunywe ngokwasentlalweni awayevinjwe abantu bomthonyama baseAfrika.    Imizekelo yobuhlanga obucwangcisiweyo ngexesha lembali yoMzantsi Afrika iquka ukugxothwa  ngenkani, ubukhulu nobuncinane ngokobuhlanga, nocalucalulo, ulwabiwo olungalinganiyo lwezibonelelo, nokungavunyelwa .   Iingxwabangxwaba zobuhlanga nezopolitiko zihlala ziyinto ephambili kweli lizwe.   

## Ubuhlanga bobukoloniyali
 
 

Ummandla owawuza kuba nguMzantsi Afrika wale mihla wawukwindawo yoncedo kubarhwebi baseYurophu ababefuna ukuququzelela nokwenza urhwebo e- East Indies, ingakumbi amakholoniyali angamaPhuthukezi namaDatshi .  Ngowe-1652, iNkampani yaseDutch East India yaseka iKoloni yaseCape eCape of Good Hope .  Injongo yale koloni yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba iinqanawa zamaDatshi eziya nokubuya eBatavia zaziza kuba nomthombo wezinto ezintsha, njengoko ukufa yindlala kwabanga inani elikhulu labakhweli. Ngexesha lolawulo lwamaDatshi, abahlali baseDatshi (ekugqibeleni baziwa ngokuba ngamaBhunu ) baqalisa ukufudukela kwikoloni, besungula iindawo zokuhlala kulo mmandla wonke.    

## Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga
Ukohluka, ukulingana, kunye nokufakwa

**Ukohluka, ukulingana, kunye nokufakwa** yingcamango ekhuthaza ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo ko luntu ingakumbi kwiindawo zokusebenzela.Kukwa bandakanywa nabantu abaye babane mbali yokubonakaliswa ngaphantsi kocalucalulo ngenxa yemvelaphi yabo, isazisi, ukukhubazeka, njalo njalo.
Psyduck

Psyduck  kwiDada (isiJapan: コ ダ ッ ク, isiNgesi: Psyduck, iHong Kong inguqulelo yakudala yedada) sesinye sezidalwa eziyintsomi "Pokémon" kuthotho lwe "Pokémon" oluphethwe yiNintendo kunye neGame Freak. Yaziswa okokuqala kwiPokémon Red kunye nePokémon Green, kwaye ibonakale ekulandeleni kunye nokulungelelaniswa kolu chungechunge.  UKodak, okhangeleka okwedada, kudala eqaqanjelwa yintloko.  Xa inamanqaku amava aneleyo, iya kuguqukela kwiDada leGotha.