I-Phosphorus

I-**Phosphorus** inophawu lwekhemikhali    **elingu-P**, njengelungu le-atom ikwane-nombolo ye-atom ye-15. Inombolo yobunzima bayo (i-mass number) ngama- 30.97. Ayifumaneki apha endalweni njenge-element enye ezimeleyo, koko ifumaneka ingumdibaniso wee-elements obizwa ngokuba zii-compounds, njenge-phosphates. Isenokuba ligaqa okanye into ejiyileyo ebomvu okanye emhlophe.  

## Ii-Properties

### Iimpawu ze-phophorus ezibonakalayo
I-phosphorus iziintlobo ngee-ntlobo. I-phosphorus emhlophe nebomvu zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo. I-phosphorus emhlophe ligaqa okanye yinto emhlophe ejiyileyo ngamanye amazwi yinto e-solid. xa ingaxutywanga nanto iba yinnto engenambala. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, kodwa iyanyibilika kwi-carbon disulphide, isinyibilikisi esi-organic. Ijika ibebutyheli obubukhanya xa isemoyeni. Iyaqaqamba ebumnyameni kuba xa isemoyeni ithi chu ithatha ixesha elide "isitsha". 

Xa iselangeni, okanye xa iye yatshiswa ngomphuna wobushushu obu ngama-  250&nbsp;°C, ijika ibe ngumxube obomvu. Olu hlobo ke aluzivutheli ngokwalo kwaye alunabungozi kangako, lungenamalangatye makhulu kune-phosphorus emhlophe. Umxube obomvu uzinzile kwaye unomtsalane woxinzelelo lomophu  we-atmosphere e-1 kwizinga elingama-  417&nbsp;°C.

### Iimpawu zeKhemikhali
Nangona i-phosphorus ishukuma ngokukhawuleza kune-phosphorus ebomvu. Ukubamba kwayo umlilo emoyeni kuyazenzekela akulawulwa nto, kutsho kuvuthe ukuze kwenzeke umsi we-phosphorus(V) oxide. Ivutha kumoyana nje ongephi, itsho ikhuphe iphosphorus(III) oxide.esityhefu. Xa le phosphorus imhlophe ithe yatshiswa kwi-alkali, iyakumana isibankulu iphinde ibencinane divuleka iphinde inciphe kutsho kuphume i-hypophosphites ne-phosphine. I-phosphorus ebomvu ingavutha kodwa kuphela xa ithe yaqhwithwa.  I-Phosphorus iyanyakaziswa  yi-halogens kutsho kwenzeke  ii-halides zephosphorus. Inyakaziswa zii-metals ezithile ukuze kwenzeke ii-phosphides.

### Ii-compounds zekhemikhali
Ii-compounds ze-phosphorus (okanye imidibaniso we-phosphorus) yimidibaniso yekhemikhali ene-phosphorus. Zidweliswe apha ngezantsi zinenzinye zeempawu zazo. I-phosphorus iza izii-oxidation states, eziliqela, inani lee-electrons elisuswayo ngexesha le-redox reaction. -3 ibangamalangatye, isebenza njengesithunywa esinamandla ekuphunguleni, sikwayityhefu: +1 isebenza njengesithunywa esiphungulayo akwaye ke sinqabile; +3 sisebenza njengesithunywa esiyityhefu nesinganeno ekuphunguleni; +5 sisithunywa esingaphunguliyo kwaye sona sixhaphake kakhulu.  

#### Kwi-3 oxidation state

##### Ii-Phosphides
* I-Phosphine, i-gas eyingozi enuka ngathi yintlanzi nekwaziyo ukuziqhitha ngokwayo.  
* I-Phosphide, yi-ion
* I-Sodium phosphide

##### Ezinye ii-compounds
* I-Phosphonium, enye i-ion

#### Kwi+1 oxidation state
* I-Hypophosphorous acid, ziityuwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hypophosphites
* I-Sodium hypophosphite

#### Kwi+3 oxidation state

#### I-Phosphites
* I-Phosphorous acid, iyingozi, iityuwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-phosphites
* I-Sodium phosphite

##### Ezinye ii-compounds
* I-Phosphorus trichloride
* I-Phosphorus(III) iodide
* I-Phosphorus(III) oxide, i-phosphorus trioxide, i-poisonous, i-garlic-smelling

#### Kwii-oxidation state ezi+5

##### I-Phosphates
* I-Phosphoric acid, ezona tyuwa zixhaphake kakhulu, iityuwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-phosphates
* I-Calcium phosphate
* I-Dicalcium phosphate
* I-Mono-calcium phosphate
* I-Sodium phosphate
* I-Zinc phosphate

##### Ezinye ii-compounds
* I-Phosphorus (V) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, absorbs water
* I-Phosphorus (V) chloride
File:Fosforsyra.jpg|Phosphoric acid
File:Trisodium phosphate hydrate.jpg|Trisodium phosphate
File:Phosphorus pentachloride and Phosphorus trichloride.JPG|Phosphorus pentachloride (left) and phosphorus trichloride (right)


## Ukwenzeka kwayo
Iyinto ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla yezinto eziphefumlayo okanye izinto ezinobom kwaye ifumaneka njenge-phosphate kwi-nervous tissue, emathanjeni  nakwi-protoplasm ye-cell. Ikwafumaneka emhlabeni njenge-phosphate rock. I-Phosphate rock ke yona ingowona mthombo we-phosphorus ne-phosphorus compounds. Iitissues ezininzi emzimbeni zine-calcium phosphates kuzo. 

## Ukwenziwa kwayo
I-Phosphorus yaqala ukwenziwa ngokutshiswa komxube we-phosphates ne- carbon kwimbiza yentsimbi. Ii-phosphates zeenziwa ngokuthi kunyityilikiswe amathambo enyibilikiswa kwii-acids ezazimandla kwaye zikwazi ukuphuma zingumxube ongumphushu.  

Kungoku nje i-Phosphorus yenziwa ngokuthi kutshiswe i-calcium phosphate, i-carbon, kunye ne-silicon dioxide kwi-onti -yombane. Ubushushu bale mbiza yombane bunyibilikisa lo mxube wezi zinto, ize ke i-gas ye-phosphorus iphume.  Ifunxwe ngaphantsi kwamanzi. oku ke kwenza i-phosphorus emhlophe. 

## Umsebenzi wayo

### Isebenza njenge-element
I-phosphorus emhlophe isetyenziswa kwizixhopo ze-incendiary nakwii-grenades zokutshaya. Ikwasetyenziswa ukwenza ii-organic compounds ezine-phosphorus kuzo. I-Phosphorus isetyenziswa ukuba zilungise ii-semiconductors. I-Phosphorus isetyenziswa ukususa i-oxygen kwi-copper. Ikwasetyenziswa  ukwenza ii-alloys. I-phosphorus ebomvu isetyenziswa kwii-matshisi nakumadangatye. 

### Njengee-chemical compounds
Ii-phosphorus compounds zisetyenziswa kumanyola okanye kwizichumisi, kwiziselo ezihlwahlwazayo, kwintlama yokuxukuxa, nakwiizicoci. Uninzi lwazo zii-phosphates.   Ii-phosphides zisenokusetyenziswa ukubulala ii-rodents.

## Ukhuseleko
I-phosphorus emhlophe iyingozi kakhulu. Iyityhefu kakhulu kwaye iqhwitha lula, kutshe ngamalangatye atshisa ngamandla.  Iphosphorus ebomvu yona noko ayinabungozi kangako. Inxalenye yee-phosphorus compounds inetyhefu, kodwa ezo zixhaphakileyo azinabungozi.  

## Amaphepha anxulumene neli
* Periodic table
* List of common elements