open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Naples

**ENaples** ngumasipala wase-Italiya onabemi abangama ,  wesithathu e-Italiyane ngabemi, ikomkhulu loMmandla weCampania, wesixeko esinegama elifanayo kunye neziko leyona dolophu inabantu abaninzi kwaye inabantu abaninzi. iindawo eYurophu.

Yasekwa yiCumans ngenkulungwane yesi-8 BC.C, yayiphakathi kwezona zixeko zibalulekileyo zaseMagna Graecia  kwaye yadlala indima ephawulekayo yorhwebo, yenkcubeko kunye neyenkolo ngokubhekiselele kuluntu olujikelezileyo lwe-Italic.  Emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma, ngenkulungwane ye-8 isixeko sayila i -duchy ezimeleyo ezimeleyo kuBukhosi baseByzantium; kamva, ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-13 yaye ngaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu eminyaka, yayilikomkhulu loBukumkani baseNaples; kunye noBuyiselo yaba likomkhulu loBukumkani beeSicilies ezimbini phantsi kweBourbons de kube kuManyano lweItali.

Ikhaya kuFederico II, eyona yunivesithi indala ehlabathini ukuba idalwe ngobonelelo lukarhulumente,  ikwabamba i-L'Orientale, eyona yunivesithi indala yezifundo zesonolo kunye ne-orientalist kwilizwekazi,  kunye ne -Nunziatella, a of the amaziko omkhosi amadala ehlabathini, anyulwe njengelifa lembali kunye nenkcubeko yamazwe eMeditera yiNdibano yePalamente yeMeditera .  Indawo yemvelaphi yolwimi lwaseNeapolitan, iye yaba nempembelelo enamandla kwiinkalo ezininzi zolwazi, inkcubeko kunye nentelekelelo edibeneyo .

I-Protagonist ye -humanism  kunye neziko lokuKhanya kwinqanaba laseYurophu,  iNaples kudala iyindawo yokubhekisela kwihlabathi jikelele kumculo weklasikhi kunye ne- opera ngesikolo somculo saseNeapolitan,  ukunika, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i- buff opera . 

Isixeko esinesithethe esichukumisayo kwinkalo yobugcisa bomfuziselo, eneengcambu zaso kwixesha lakudala, iye yavelisa iintshukumo zoyilo noyilo lwemifanekiso, njengeNeapolitan Renaissance  kunye neNeapolitan Baroque,  Caravaggism .,  isikolo sasePosillipo,  isikolo saseResina kunye nenkululeko ye-Neapolitan,  kunye nobugcisa obuncinci, kodwa ukubaluleka kwamazwe ngamazwe, njengeCapodimonte porcelain  kunye ne- Neapolitan yokuzalwa kwesiganeko . 

Kukwimvelaphi yohlobo olwahlukileyo lwethiyetha,  yengoma edumileyo yehlabathi  kunye nesithethe sokupheka esikhethekileyo  esibandakanya ukutya okuthatha indima yemifanekiso yehlabathi, njengePizza yaseNeapolitan  kunye nobugcisa babapheki bayo be-pizza, echazwe njengelifa lemveli elingabonakaliyo loluntu yi-UNESCO.

Ngowe-1995 iziko eliyimbali laseNaples lamkelwa yiUNESCO njengendawo yelifa lehlabathi ngenxa yezikhumbuzo zalo, ezingqina ukulandelelana kweenkcubeko zeMeditera neYurophu .  Ngo-1997 inkqubo yentaba-mlilo yeSomma - Vesuvius yonyulwa yi-arhente efanayo yamazwe ngamazwe (kunye ne- Golden Mile ekufutshane, ekwabandakanya izithili ezisempuma yesixeko) phakathi kweendawo zokugcina izilwanyana zehlabathi.
Salerno

**Salerno** ngumasipala wase -Italiya onabemi abayi  , ikomkhulu lephondo elinegama elifanayo eCampania kwaye umasipala wesibini ngobukhulu kulo mmandla ngenani labemi.

Ngexesha lamaXesha aPhakathi aPhakathi, phantsi kolawulo lweLombard, esi sixeko safumana esinye sezona zigaba zibalulekileyo zembali njengekomkhulu lePrincipal of Salerno, iqumrhu elathi ngokuthe ngcembe libandakanya indawo enkulu yelizwe lase-Italiya . ISikolo sezoNyango sase-Salernitana sasikwase-Salerno, esenze iziko lezonyango lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo eYurophu ekuqaleni kwamaXesha Aphakathi, kwaye ngenxa yoko ithathwa njengemanduleli kwiiyunivesithi zanamhlanje.    Ukususela ngo-1968 isixeko siye sahlala kwiYunivesithi yaseSalerno,  ehlala ukususela ngo-1988, ngokohlobo lwekhampasi, koomasipala abakufutshane baseFisciano naseBaronissi .

Ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya ku-Agasti 1944 Salerno yayiyisihlalo sikarhulumente waseItaliya,  ibamba abaphathi Badoglio I, Badoglio II kunye Bonomi II, owayehlala Salone Dei Marmi  kwaye wakhokelela " Salerno turning point " ngokunjalo. njengeqabane elilandelayo lokuphinda liphinde libuyele kwi -peninsula yase-Italiya.
Bisceglie Sports Association

**Bisceglie Sports Association**, eyaziwa ngokuba yi **-Bisceglie**, yiklabhu yebhola yaseNtaliyane esekelwe kwisixeko saseBisceglie, kwiphondo laseBarletta-Andria-Trani. UMilita e- Eccellenza, icandelo lesihlanu lobuntshatsheli base-Italiya.

Yasekwa ngo-1913, emva koko yasekwa kwakhona ngo-1931 nango-1998. Iyaqhayisa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba lesithathu lebhola ekhatywayo yase-Italiya njengesona siphumo sibalaseleyo kwimbali yayo. I-palmarès yakhe ibandakanya uloyiso lweNdebe ye-Amateur yase-Italiya.

Imibala yeklabhu imnyama kunye nebhlowu. Idlala imidlalo yayo yasekhaya kwibala lezemidlalo iGustavo Ventura.
Isichazi-magama sesiTaliyane

**Isichazi**-magama solwimi yiseti yamagama olwimi ngokwalo: la aqokelelwa neentsingiselo zawo kwisichazi-magama. Iyunithi esisiseko yophononongo lwesichazi-magama yileksemu, oko kukuthi, yonke iyunithi yolwimi encinci enentsingiselo yokuzimela apho zonke izibizo, izichazi kunye nazo zonke iindidi zamagama aguquguqukayo zinokulandelelwa emva.Isichazi-magama sikwangowona maleko ungaphandle kulwimi kuba sisesichengeni sokunxibelelana nezinye iilwimi, yiyo loo nto sihlala sishukuma kwaye sitshintsha.

Ngokwezichazi-magama zangoku, iileksi zesiTaliyane ziphakathi kwama-200,000 nama-250,000. Ukuba endaweni yoko sithatha amagama njengeyunithi yomlinganiselo, inani linyuka kakhulu; Umahluko uchazwa ngokulula ngokuthathela ingqalelo ukuba isibizo ngasinye sineemo ezimbini, ukuya kutsho kwezine izichazi, i-definite article inesintandathu, izenzi ezimalunga neshumi, njl. Ngoko ke sinokuthi inani lamagama aseTaliyane lifikelela malunga nezigidi ezi-2 (Lorenzetti 2002, isahluko 3.2).

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Lex Iulia Municipal

I***-lex Iulia Municipalis*** yayingumthetho waseRoma owabhengezwa nguJulius Caesar ngo- 45 BC.C.

Lo mthetho wafunyanwa kwiitafile zeHeraclea, umbhalo ofunyenwe kufuphi nombhede weCavone kwintsimi yamandulo yesixeko saseHeraclea kwaye ugcinwe kwi-National Archaeological Museum yaseNaples.

Lo mthetho unophawu oluqhelekileyo malunga nohlengahlengiso lolawulo lwezixeko ezinamalungiselelo athile oluntu. Ngalo, izixeko kunye namathanga athatha isikhundla sikamasipala.

Ubonelele ngemithetho emalunga nokuhamba ezindleleni kwisiXeko, njengolawulo lwendlela kunye nokuvalwa kweekhareji ezithwele imithwalo ukuba zingahambi ngexesha lasemini ukuze kuthomalaliswe ingxinano kwisixeko esele sixakekile. Iinqwelo ezithwele izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweendawo zonqulo zazingaqukwanga kolu kuvalwa komsebenzi. Kule migaqo, i-Lex Iulia inokuthathwa njengokwandulela iKhowudi yethu yeNdlela ePhakamileyo.

Umthetho wanika ii -aediles ngokugcina ucoceko lweendawo zikawonke-wonke ezifana neqonga kunye nezikwere.

Ngaphaya koko, lo mthetho waseka ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwamahenyukazi angamafanasini kwiofisi eziphambili zezopolitiko, ezifana nezesenethi, kunye nokulahleka kwamalungelo.
Ungeno olungenamkhethe

Iphepha **elikhethekileyo Elikhethekileyo:RandomPage** (okanye iSpecial:Random), xa lindwendwelwa, liqondisa ngokuzenzekelayo ekungeneni okungahleliweyo kwi-encyclopedia. Olu phawu lufikeleleka ngokulula ngekhonkco **lokuNgena okungaBanzi** kwibha ekhohlo yojongano lweWikipedia.

Ukwalathisa kwakhona kunye namaphepha e-disambiguation akabandakanywanga kumaphepha angaqhelekanga .
UMasipala oMbhaxa wase-Ekurhuleni

**UMasipala oMbhaxa wase - Ekurhuleni** *ngumasipala* wemetropolitan kwiphondo lase Gauteng, eMzantsi Afrika. Ikhowudi yayo yesithili **EKU**.

Isihlalo solawulo kunye nesowiso-mthetho sisixeko saseGermiston kunye nommandla waso, odlula kwindawo eyi, yahlulwe yaba ziindawo zonyulo ezingama-88 (iiwadi). Ngokobalo-bantu luka-2001 abemi bayo bangama-2,478,629.
Genoa

**IGenoa,**  ngumasipala wase-Italiya onabemi abangama ,  ikomkhulu lesixeko esilikomkhulu elinegama elifanayo, kwiLiguria. ummandla  kunye nentliziyo yendawo enkulu yasezidolophini equka indawo esembindini kunye noomasipala baselunxwemeni bommandla, kunye ne- Oltregiogo, ngaphezu kwe-1.5&nbsp;izigidi zabemi. Ngoyena masipala mkhulu noyena unabantu abaninzi baseLigurian,  owesithathu kuMantla eItali kunye nowesithandathu kweli lizwe.

Ijonge uLwandle lwaseLigurian, iGenoa yayilikomkhulu lenye yeeriphabliki zaselwandle ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-11 ukuya kowe-1797. Ngokukodwa, ukusuka kwi-XII ukuya kwi-XV&nbsp;ngenkulungwane, esi sixeko sadlala indima ephambili kurhwebo eYurophu, yaba, ngelo xesha, lelinye lawona magunya asemanzini elizwekazi kwaye agqalwa phakathi kwezona zixeko zizityebi ehlabathini.   Wayekwabizwa ngokuba *yiLa Superba* nguFrancesco Petrarca . 

IGenoa lelinye lamaziko amakhulu ezoqoqosho - emveliso eItali (kunye neMilan kunye neTurin yenza unxantathu wezoshishino kwiminyaka yokunyuka kwezoqoqosho ), kunye nenye yeyunivesithi eziphambili, isayensi, inkcubeko, ubugcisa, umculo, ukutya newayini, umboniso worhwebo, abakhenkethi kunye nabezemidlalo kweli lizwe. Izibuko layo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi esona sikhulu, sibalulekileyo kwaye sidumileyo e-Itali kwaye imele ishishini elikhulu eGenoa kunye nelona zibuko libalulekileyo kwiMeditera naseYurophu.   Esi sixeko sikwaqhayisa ngesiko elide kumacandelo amaninzi amashishini afana neshishini elinzima, ukwakha iinqanawa, ukuntywila kunye neshishini lokutya . I-Genoa kwakhona i -cruise esekelwe, ukupapasha, ibhanki - i- inshurensi kunye ne-hub yeteknoloji yonxibelelwano. I-Homeland ye -jeans, i-cradle ye- club yokuqala yebhola yebhola yaseNtaliyane, igama layo lidibaniswe nelo lamanani embali yokubaluleka kwehlabathi kunye nemveliso eyahlukeneyo yomfuziselo *Yenziwe eItali* njenge- basil, i-pesto, i-focaccia, i- farinata kunye neemveliso ze-nautical.

Ikhaya kwi- Expo kwi-1992 kunye ne- G8 kwi-2001, yaba yinkunzi yenkcubeko yaseYurophu kwi-2004.  Iyunivesithi yayo inomlando osusela kwi-15th inkulungwane kwaye ukususela kwi-2006 inxalenye yeziko layo lembali, i-Strade Nuove kunye nenkqubo ye-Rolli Palaces yaseGenoa, ifakwe phakathi kweendawo zeLifa leMveli ezikhuselwe yi-UNESCO. Ngapha koko, iziko layo lembali lelinye lawona makhulu kwaye anabantu abaninzi eYurophu, ngakumbi indawo yamaxesha aphakathi.  Isimboli "somzimba" seso sixeko yindlu yesibane, eyaziwa ngokuba yiLantern, ngelixa ngokuqhelekileyo imele uMnqamlezo waseSt. George, exhaswa ngamagriffin amabini kwiingubo zengalo.
Isikhululo seSanda

Nihongo  mamela  sesona sikhululo sikaloliwe siphambili eSanda City, eHyōgo Prefecture, eJapan . Isikhululo sibonelela ngotshintshiselwano phakathi kweFukuchiyama Line (esetyenziswa nguJR Takarazuka Service) yeJR West kunye neShintetsu Sanda Line yeShintetsu Railways. Esi sikhululo sikwasetyenziswa ngabakhenkethi abaya kwindawo edumileyo ye-Arima onsen spa, apho kwakukhe kwakho umgaqo kaloliwe kaloliwe waseJapan obizwa ngokuba ngumgca weArima, ngoku ongasasetyenziswayo, owaqala kwisikhululo saseSanda. Isikhululo sikumgama weemitha ezingama-41.4&nbsp;km ukusuka Osaka Terminus.
Bheljiyam

**IBelgium**  ngokusemthethweni **uBukumkani baseBelgium** (isiDatshi: *Koninkrijk België* ; isiFrentshi: *Royaume de Belgique* ; isiJamani: *Königreich Belgien*), lilizwe elimanyeneyo ilawulwa ngurhulumente wepalamente. Lilizwe elililungu leManyano yaseYurophu eNtshona Yurophu. Umda weNetherlands ukuya emantla, eJamani naseLuxembourg ngasempuma, eFransi emazantsi nakumazantsi-ntshona kunye noLwandle oluMntla ukuya emantla-ntshona .

Ifumaneka kumda ophakathi kweYurophu ethetha isiJamani kunye nendawo yolwimi nenkcubeko yesiRomance, iBelgium yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu.

Emantla, iFlanders ethetha isiDatshi ibandakanya malunga ne-58% yabemi bebonke. Ime phakathi kwesixeko saseBrussels, iBrussels-Capital, ethetha iilwimi ezimbini ngokusemthethweni nangona uninzi lwabo luthetha isiFrentshi, nalapho i-10% yabemi bahlala khona.

Emazantsi, iWallonia ibandakanya i-32% yabemi belizwe lonke, ikakhulu abathetha isiFrentshi ngaphandle kommandla omncinci, kumda waseJamani, woLuntu oluthetha isiJamani lwaseBelgium ethetha isiJamani, ebandakanya oomasipala IJamani ukuya eBelgium ngowe- 1919 yaza yathatyathelwa yiJamani yamaNazi ngowe-1940-1945.

Yayiphakathi kwamazwe aseka iManyano yaseYurophu kwaye ikomkhulu iBrussels likhaya kumaziko ahlukeneyo oluntu.
Zero ukunyamezela

Ibinzana elithi **zero tolerance** libonisa imodeli yezopolitiko esekelwe kwi-intransigent application yemithetho yokhuseleko loluntu, esetyenziswe okokuqala ngusodolophu waseNew York, uRudolph Giuliani. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wawujonge ukohlwaya ngokuqatha kungekuphela nje ulwaphulo-mthetho olwaphula umthetho, kodwa kunye nezenzo ezitenxileyo ezaphula izithethe ezilula zentlalo. U-Giuliani emva koko wathatha ikhredithi ngokunciphisa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho kwisiXeko saseNew York, elingaphantsi komndilili welizwe.

J
Bolzano

**Bolzano** (okanye *iPouzen*, *iPoazen* okanye *iPöazen* kuMzantsi Tyrolean ulwimi ; *iBolzan* kwi-Trentino dialect ; *iBolzan* kwiVenetian ; *I-Bolgiano* kwi -Italian yamandulo ) ngumasipala wase-Italiya onabemi abayi  , ikomkhulu lephondo elizimeleyo elinegama elifanayo eTrentino-Alto Adige .

Abemi besixeko saseBolzano, ngokutsho kobalo luka-2011, yi-73.30% ethetha isiTaliyane, i-25.02% yokuthetha isiJamani kunye ne-0.68% ethetha uLadin .  I-agglomeration yaseBolzano, kuquka noomasipala baseAppiano sulla Strada del Vino, Bronzolo, Cornedo, Laives, Ora, San Genesiso, Terlano kunye neVadena, yayinabemi abayi-167,912 ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2022  .
Iziqithi zaseFaroe

**IZiqithi zaseFaroe** (ngesiTaliyane kwakhona: **iZiqithi zeFeringie**, **iFaringie**, **iFeroe** okanye **iFaroe** ; ngesiFaroese: *Føroyar* nakwiDanish : *Færøerne*)  ziziqithi ezili-18 ezenza iziqithi ezimi ngaphandle konxweme olusemantla eYurophu, phakathi koLwandle lwaseNorway kunye noLwandle lwaseNorway. Umntla woLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki, phakathi kwe Iceland ne Scotland.

Iziqithi lilizwe eliyinxalenye yoBukumkani baseDenmark kunye neFolketing, okanye iPalamente yaseDenmark, equka iDenmark kunye neGreenland. Bafumana ukuzimela ngo -1948 kwaye ekuhambeni kweminyaka baye bafumana ulawulo malunga nayo yonke imiba yezopolitiko yasekhaya, kodwa hayi ezokhuselo nemicimbi yangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwamapolisa amancinci kunye nomlindi wonxweme, abanalo umkhosi wezempi ohleliweyo, ohlala uxanduva lweDenmark.

IiFaroe zineekhonkco zemveli kunye ne -Iceland, iShetland kunye ne Orkney, iHebrides kunye ne Greenland. Ichwebakazi lahlukana ngokwezopolitiko eNorway ngowe- 1815 . Iziqithi zaseFaroe zinabameli ababini kwiBhunga leNordic (iforamu yentsebenziswano yoorhulumente bamazwe aseNordic). Iziqithi zaseFaroe zikhuphisana neIceland, iIreland kunye neUnited Kingdom kwisiqithi saseRockall.
Via del mare stadium

I**-Ettore Giardiniero-Via del mare stadium**, eyaziwa ngokuba yi**-Via del mare**, yindawo yezemidlalo kwisixeko saseLecce. 

Ibamba imidlalo yasekhaya yeLecce Sports Union kwaye ithatha igama layo ukusuka kwisitalato apho ikhoyo, indlela yephondo i-364 ukuya kwidolophu yaseAdriatic yaseSan Cataldo;  libala lemidlalo lesixhenxe ngobukhulu eItali, elesithathu eMzantsi, linomthamo wezihlalo ezingama , apho i  ivunyiwe ngoku. 

Kwi -2009-2010 nayo yayiyindawo yemidlalo ye -Serie B IGallipoli, ngenxa yokungasebenziseki kwendawo yayo, ibala le-Antonio Bianco.
Lecce

**Lecce** (*Lécce* in Salento dialect ; Λουππίου, *Luppìu* in grico ) ngumasipala wase-Italiya onabemi abangama ,  ikomkhulu ledolophu yedolophu yasePuglia kunye neziko eliphambili ledolophu yasePuglia. Salento . Ifakwe kwindawo ephantse ibembindi kusingasiqithi weSalento, phakathi konxweme lweAdriatic kunye ne -Ionian, likomkhulu lephondo lase- Italiya .

Imvelaphi kaMessapian yamandulo kunye neentsalela zakudala zolawulo lwamaRoma ziyibeka phakathi kwezixeko zobugcisa eItali,  kangangokuba ibizwa ngokuba yi "Lady of the Baroque ".  Isixeko, eneneni, sibalasele ngobutyebi kunye nokonwaba kwe-baroque yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe yeecawe kunye namabhotwe embindini, eyakhiwe kwilitye le -Lecce lendawo, ilimestone elungele kakhulu ukusebenza ngetshizi. Uphuhliso loyilo kunye nokutyebisa okuhonjiswa kwee-facades kwakhathalelwa ngakumbi ngexesha loBukumkani baseNaples kwaye ibonakalisa isixeko ngendlela yantlandlolo yokunika inkcazo yeLecce Baroque .

Likhaya kwiDyunivesithi yaseSalento, eyayisakuba yiDyunivesithi yaseLecce, kwaye yayilikomkhulu lenkcubeko yase-Italiya ngo-2015
Luxemburg

**Luxembourg**, ngokusemthethweni **Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,** lilizwe elingagudle ulwandle kwiManyano yaseYurophu, kumda waseJamani, France kunye neBelgium .

Ilungu eliseka i -European Union, i-NATO, iBenelux kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo, ikomkhulu layo, isixeko esibizwa ngokuba yiLuxembourg, likhaya kumaziko amaninzi aseYurophu kunye neearhente kunye nokuba yindawo enkulu yezemali.
Slatina, Romania

**Slatina** is the capital city of Olt County, Romania, on the river Olt. It is located in the south of Romania, on the eastern side of the river Olt, in the historical region of Muntenia. The population was 63,487 in 2021; the urban area has around 85,000 inhabitants. It is an important industrial center.

The city administers one village, Cireașov.
Dhaulagiri I

**I-Dhaulagiri I** ( idla ngokuba **nguDhaulagiri** ; ulwimi lwesiNepali : , ngokoqobo *intaba emhlophe* )  yintaba ebekwe kwiqela leentaba elinegama elifanayo kwiphondo laseGandaki Pradesh, kumantla-embindi weNepal . No8 wakhe&nbsp;Iimitha ezili-167 ukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle yintaba yesixhenxe ephakamileyo ehlabathini.  

Yafunyanwa ngo-1808 kwaye yayithathwa njengeyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni malunga neminyaka engamashumi amathathu, de kwafunyanwa iKangchenjunga . 

I-Dhaulagiri Ndaqala ukunyuka kwi-1960 ngeqela labakhweli kuquka i-Austrian Kurt Diemberger .  Ukunyuka kokuqala kwabasetyhini kwafezwa nguLutgaarde Vivijs ngo-1982. Eyokuqala ubusika ngo-1985.
Nansha Bridge

**Ibhulorho yaseNansha** (esenziwe lula isiTshayina : 南沙大桥; isiTshayina somthonyama : 南沙大橋; pinyin : Nánshā Dàqiáo) yibhulorho enqunyanyisiweyo ese Guangdong, eTshayina.
Isiyelelane seFoggia

I-**Foggia dialect** lulwimi lwenoveli olubalelwa *ekuqhubekekeni* kweelwimi zase-Italian ezisemazantsi . Ihlelwa njengesiyelelane esisemantla saseApulian okanye *isiDaunian-Apennine*. Ithethwa kwisixeko saseFoggia kunye needolophana zayo.
Iilwimi zesiTaliyane zaseMazantsi

**Iilwimi zesiTaliyane ezisemazantsi** (okanye **phakathi komzantsi**, okanye **phezulu-emazantsi**,  kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ekwaziwa ngegama lezizwana **zaseAusonian** )  zibandakanya, kuhlelo lweelwimi zesiTaliyane eziphuhliswe nguGiovan Battista Pellegrini, icandelo. yeqela elibanzi lee -Italian-Southern dialects ngengqiqo ebanzi  (kule meko " dialects " lithetha "izaci ezichasene nesizwe kunye/okanye esisemthethweni", hayi "iintlobo ngeentlobo zolwimi").

Ngokohlelo oluye lwadityaniswa ukususela kumashumi eminyaka okugqibela enkulungwane ye-19 , ummandla wolwimi lwezizwana olungasentla-emazantsi ngoko lusuka kwi-Adriatic ukuya kwiiLwandle zaseTyrrhenian kunye ne-Ionian, kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka kwindlela yomlambo i- Aso ., ukuya emantla ( kumazantsi Marche, kumda phakathi kwamaphondo Ascoli Piceno kunye Fermo ) , ukuya kutsho kumlambo iCoscile, emazantsi (kumantla eCalabria, kwiphondo Cosenza ) , kwaye ukusuka kumgca odibanisa, malunga, i- Circeo ukuya Ukuqokelela ukuya emantla-ntshona, ukuya kwi- Taranto - indlela ye -Ostuni ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma. Ngoko ke lulwimi oluyinyani oluqhubekayo, ngaphandle kweziqithi ezincinci kodwa ezininzi ze-alloglot (okanye i-ethno-linguistic) iziqithi.

Kucingwa ngokubanzi, le ntsimi iquka imimandla ye-Italiya esibhozo, emithathu (Campania, Molise, Basilicata) ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle kwe- Marche esezantsi kunye neendawo ezazisakuba ngupopu ePontecorvo kunye neBenevento, le yimihlaba esele ingaboBukumkani baseNaples, ikomkhulu layo laliyimvelaphi yolwimi lwaseNeapolitan (olwathi lwavela ukusukela kwiXesha Eliphakathi ukuqala kwiqela elincinci. yezizwana zamandulo Italian-Southern abantu abavela kummandla Campania, nangona eyaziwa ngegama *Apulian zomthonyama*  ). Kwelinye icala, kwintsimi yoBukumkani bangaphambili bekukho iziyelelane ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichazwa njengeNtaliyane Ephakathi  (L' Aquilano, Amatriciano, Carseolano kunye noCicolano ), kunye ngokwemvelo neelwimi zasemzantsi ezigqithisileyo zaseSalento kunye kumazantsi eCalabria . Kwimeko nayiphi na into, i-dialects ye-median, i-median ye-dialects, i-median ye-dialects, i-intermedian yasezantsi kunye neyomzantsi ngokugqithiseleyo ifana enye kwenye, kangangokuba zenza *iqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-central-southern* ngaphakathi kweentlobo ze-Italo-Romance .
Salernitana Sports Union 1919

**IUnione Sportiva Salernitana 1919**, eyaziwa ngokuba yi **Salernitana**, yiklabhu yebhola ekhatywayo esekelwe kwisixeko sase Salerno . Idlala kwiSerie A, icandelo eliphezulu lobuntshatsheli base-Italiya.

Yasekwa ngo-19 Juni 1919 yi-consortium ekhokelwa nguMatteo Schiavone,    ngexesha lembali yayo iye yahlaziywa kathathu: ngo-1927  emva kokusekwa kobudlelwane obutsha, ngo-2005   kunye no-2011 ngenxa yezizathu zemali.   Iklabhu yangoku, eqinisweni, yasungulwa njenge- *Salerno Calcio* kwi-2011 (ukubambelela kwi-art. 52.10 ye-federal regulation), kwaye yaqala kwakhona iimpawu ezihlukeneyo ze-Salernitana ukususela kwi-2012. Ngomhla we-19 kuJuni ka-2019 iqela laseCampania labhiyozela iminyaka eyi-100 yembali yebhola.

Umbala weklabhu esemthethweni ube garnet ukusukela ngo-1943  (ngaphandle kwesizini ka-2011–2012, ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho),  isimboli sayo ibe yihippocampus ukusukela ngo-1949,  kwaye iqela lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya. kwibala lemidlalo iArechi ukususela ngo-1990. 

I-Salernitana ibisoloko idlala ngobungcali, ngaphandle kwesizini ka -2011-2012, njengoko yaqala kwakhona kwiSerie D.  Liqela lesibini elivela eCampania ngokulandelelana kweziganeko (yandulelwa kuphela nguNapoli) ukuba likhuphisane kwiqela elinye leSerie A ubuntshatsheli, apho lathatha inxaxheba kwisizini ka-1947-1948 kunye ne-1998-1999 (ihlehla kuzo zombini. izihlandlo zenqaku elinye), 2021-2022, 2022-2023 kunye no -2023-2024.
Ibala lemidlalo laseGewiss

I-**Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia**, eyaziwa ngokuba **yi-Gewiss Stadium** ngenxa yezizathu zenkxaso, ibala lebhola e- Bergamo. Yeyona ndawo inkulu yezemidlalo esixekweni kwaye ibambe imidlalo yasekhaya ye-IAtalanta ukusukela ngo-1928, unyaka wokusungulwa kwayo.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo lithatha amagama **Stadio Mario Brumana**, **Stadio Comunale** kunye **Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia**, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yayiqeshwa ngamanye amaqela amabini ebhola ekhatywayo yaseBergamo, IViscerit Boccaleone(owathi kamva waba  ) kunye IAlbinoleffe.

Ngo-2017, ubunini bebala lemidlalo basuka kuMasipala waseBergamo baya e-IAtalanta, yaba yindawo yesine yangoku elawulwa ngokuthe ngqo yiklabhu yebhola ekhatywayo e-Itali, emva kweJuventus Stadium eTurin (2011), iStadio Friuli eUdine (2013) I- Benito Stirpe Stadium eFrosinone (2016).  

Ukususela nge-1 kaJulayi 2019 kunye namaxesha amathandathu ezemidlalo yathatha igama layo langoku emva kwesivumelwano sorhwebo kunye nenkampani ye-electrotechnical Gewiss  eyafumana amalungelo okuqamba i-complex yezemidlalo. Ijika laseMantla linikezelwe kuFederico Pisani ngelixa ijika laseMzantsi linikezelwe kuPiermario Morosini, bobabini ababesakuba ngabadlali bebhola ekhatywayo base-Atalanta abasweleke ngaphambi kwexesha.
Torshavn

**ITórshavn** (Danish: *Thorshavn*) likomkhulu lokuqala leZiqithi zaseFaroe

Ifumaneka emazantsi esiqithi saseStreymoy, phakathi kweenduli zeHúsareyn kunye neKirkjubøreyn. Abemi besi sixeko ngo -2019 yayingabemi abayi-19,165 (21,926 kumasipala uphela ngo-2020) , malunga ne-42% yabemi bebonke beziqithi.

Igama elithi *Tórshavn* lithetha " *izibuko leThor* ". Yasekwa ngenkulungwane ye - 10, inokuthathwa njengeyona nkunzi inkulu eMntla Yurophu . Abemi bokuqala beViking beza eTórshavn kwiintlanganiso zonyaka, apho kwakuxutyushwa imibandela yorhwebo.

Idolophu yaba sisazulu sorhwebo lweso siqithi nto leyo eyayithetha ukuba yayikuphela kwendawo abantu abahlala esiqithini ababethenga kuyo kwaye bathengise iimpahla de kwaba ngo-1856, xa urhwebo lweziqithi lweziqithi lwapheliswa, luyishiya luvuleleke kurhwebo olukhululekileyo.
Klaksvik

I  **Klaksvík** sisixeko sesibini ngobukhulu kwiiFarae Islands. Isixeko simi eBorðoy, kwingingqi yeNorðoyar, eyenziwe zezona ziqithi zisemantla echwebakazi. Yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ekulobeni kunye neshishini lokutya kwaselwandle kuzwelonke. Ayimangalisi into yokuba inechweba elibalulekileyo elineenqanawa zale mihla zokuloba. 

Umasipala waseKlaksvík, owona mkhulu kwingingqi yaseNorðoyar, udlulela kwiziqithi zaseBorðoy, Kalsoy kunye neSvínoy, le yokugqibela ifakwe kumasipala nge-1 kaJanuwari 2009 . Umasipala wangaphambili wase -Húsar naye wahlonyelwa ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2017.
Icawa yaseSan Francesco Saverio (Foggia)

**Icawa yaseSan Francesco Saverio** yicawa eFoggia .

Imvelaphi yecawa isusela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 . Yayilawulwa libandla labazalwana abaHloniphekileyo bakaSaint Francis Xavier . Ikwisitayile se -neoclassical, kunye ne -Ionic order yokungena pronaos . Ingaphakathi likwimo yomnqamlezo wesiGrike ; idome iphakama embindini. Iindonga kunye neevaults zihonjiswe nge -stucco motifs. Olunye utshintsho lwangaphakathi lwenzeka kwi -1968 .

aAkukho lwazi luchanekileyo malunga nomhla wokwakhiwa kweCawa. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iMons. U-EG Cavalieri, uBhishophu waseTroia kwishumi lesibini leminyaka yoo-1700 wayila icawa yeFoggia, kwindawo esecaleni, eyayiza kuqhutywa ngamaJesuit, ebizwa nguBhishophu ukuba enze ikholeji yolutsha oluyindoda, ngelixa ubomi obuqhelekileyo. yabefundisi bedayosisi baquka ukwakhiwa kweNdlu yabefundisi.

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphambi kokufa kukaPrelate (1720) ukwakhiwa kwaqalwa kodwa kungagqitywanga, ngenxa yenyikima ye-1731.

Ukusuka kutyelelo lomfundisi lukaMons. IFaccolli, eyenziwe ngo-1735, ingqina ubukho beCawe okanye iCawe enikezelwe kuS. Francesco Saverio, ephethwe ngabaSeko bamaJesuit de kwangowe-1739, unyaka abasishiya ngawo eso sixeko (ngoko ingxelo nguDon Michele Stella, uMbingeleli weParish of S. Francesco S. kutyelelo loKwalusa olwenziwe nguMons. S. Bella, uBhishophu waseFoggia, ngowe-1911). Ukwakhiwa kweKholeji akuzange kuqhubeke, kuba oko kwaphunyezwayo kwathengwa yiRoyal Customs ukuze imise ikomkhulu layo elitsha: isizathu esatshitshisa iprojekthi yokuqala kwaye yanyanzelisa iPP. AmaJesuits ukuba ashiye yonke into. Kufuneka kukholwe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iPP. AmaJesuit, ahlala kummandla weCawa, aye aqinisekisa uncedo lokomoya kuloo mmandla waseFoggia, abathi emva kwenyikima bashiya amakhaya abo adilikileyo baza bakhe akhuselekileyo kummandla osemva kweCawa. Xa amaJesuit emka, uncedo lokomoya lwaqinisekiswa liBandla laseS. Maria, elalikummandla walo iCawa yaseS. Francesco Saverio.

Ngeminyaka yee-1760, kwavela iBandla Lemiphefumlo Engcwele Yababingeleli okanye iCapitoletto (ukuyahlula kwiSahluko seeCollegiant), kamva laphinda labizwa ngokuba liBandla Labefundisi Ababekekileyo; oku, emva kokuvunywa kwasebukhosini kunye necanonical nguMons. UMarco de Simone (10.5.1764), wakhetha iCawa yeS. Francesco Saverio njengekomkhulu layo, apho waba ngumninimzi: kuyo banyamekela unqulo oluthile lukaMama kaThixo oMqhele, kwaye, phakathi kweembopheleleko ezininzi, leyo yokuqinisekisa ilungelo lokufumana aBabingeleli abangasekhoyo.
Izithethe zasebukhosini zezimvu zasePuglia

**ISiko leegusha** (i- 1447-1806), ngokusemthethweni **i-Royal Customs ye-Sheep Mena yasePuglia**, yayiliziko lamandulo lase-Aragon . Yasekwa kwisixeko saseLucera ngo-1447 nguKumkani uAlfonso I, kodwa ngowe -1468 yatshintshelwa eFoggia. Inkqubo yeCustoms yenziwa imodeli, ngokwahluka okumbalwa, kuleyo yeMesta yaseSpain.
Empoli Football Club

**Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo**, eyaziwa ngcono njenge **Empoli**, yiklabhu yebhola ekhatywayo yaseItali esekelwe kwisixeko sase Empoli . Idlala kwiSerie A, icandelo eliphezulu lobuntshatsheli base-Italiya.

Yasekwa ngo-1920, yinxalenye yeqela elincinane leeklabhu ezithathe inxaxheba kwintshatsheli yebhola ekhatywayo yecandelo eliphezulu kwixesha apho isixeko sabo sasingekho ikomkhulu lephondo (kunye ,  , ,  , , ,  kunye ).

Igama leqela lesidlaliso *nguAzzurri*, ngenxa yombala wekiti yokuqala yeklabhu. Iqela lidlala imidlalo yalo yangaphakathi kwi -Castellani-Computer Gross Arena, enomthamo wezihlalo ze- .

I-Empoli ithathe inxaxheba kwiintshatsheli zesizwe ezingama-88 apho ezingama-50 zazo kukhuphiswano lwenqanaba lesithathu, ezingama-22 kwiSerie B kunye ne-16 kwiSerie A.  EYurophu isiphumo esihle kakhulu sasithatha inxaxheba kwi- 2007-2008 UEFA Cup . 

Kwiipalmares zayo, i-Empoli iqhayisa ukunqoba kwe-3 ye-Serie B ubuntshatsheli (2004-2005, 2017-2018 kunye ne-2020-2021), enye i-Serie C ye-Italian Cup (1995-1996) kunye neentshatsheli ezimbini ze-Primavera (1998-99 -2020).

I- FIGC ithatha i-Empoli yamashumi amathathu anesibini kuluhlu lwesithethe semidlalo yeeklabhu ezinxulumene nayo. Ngoku i-Empoli ikwindawo yama-26 kuzo zombini iindawo ezihlala zihleli kwiSerie A nakudidi lweSerie B olungapheliyo.

## Iimbekiselo
Borgo Eridania

**IBorgo Eridania** yidolophu ekumasipala waseFoggia, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-10&nbsp;km ukusuka esixekweni, eyakhiwe kufutshane nomzi-mveliso weswekile wangaphambili e-Eridania, kungoko igama lendawo enye. Izindlu ezakhiwa kwiminyaka yoo-600 zazijongwe kukuhlala abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi bomzi-mveliso weswekile. Emva kokuvalwa kunye nokuchithwa kwefektri yeswekile ngokwayo, izindlu zathengiswa kwaye zathengwa ngabemi baseFoggia, abaqhubeka behlala kwidolophana.

Ngo-2012 iNgingqi yasePuglia yagunyazisa ukuguqulwa kwefektri yangaphambili ibe yindawo yombane ye-biomass yinkampani i-Enterra SPA.
Monumenta Germaniae Historica

I-***Monumenta Germaniae Historica*** ( **i-MGH** ehlala ishunqulwa speho kwiibhayibhilografi kunye noluhlu lwemithombo) yiseti ebanzi yemithombo elungiselelwe ngononophelo kwaye epapashwe kuphononongo lwabantu baseJamani kwaye, ngokubanzi, iYurophu ; athabatha ixesha ukususela ekwindla koBukhosi bamaRoma aseNtshona ukuya kutsho malunga nenkulungwane ye-16. Le mithombo ayibhekiseli kakhulu kwimbali yaseJamani (eyayingekabikho njengesizwe phakathi kwe-6th kunye ne-16th inkulungwane), kodwa kunokuba kubantu baseJamani kunye nezikumkani zaseRoma-barbarian ezavela emva kokuwa kwe-Western Roman. Ubukhosi.
Windsor kunye ne-Annapolis Railway

**I-Windsor kunye ne-Annapolis Railway** (W&AR) yayiyinkampani kaloliwe yaseKhanada esebenza kumzila wembali wegama elifanayo elalisebenza kwiNtlambo yase-Annapolis, eNova Scotia.

Uloliwe wayehamba phakathi kweWindsor kunye ne-Annapolis Royal kwaye wayenokufikelela kunxibelelwano nekomkhulu iHalifax. I-W&AR idlale indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezolimo nokhenketho lwaseNova Scotia kwaye yasebenza ukusuka ngo-1869 ukuya kutsho ngo-1894, xa yathi yadityaniswa kwiDominion Atlantic Railway (DAR).

I-W & AR yenziwe ngabatyalo-mali bakaloliwe baseBrithani kunye nabakhuthazi bakaloliwe baseNova Scotian kwi-1864. Iziko lenkampani yokusebenza laliyiKentville nangona ikomkhulu layo lahlala eLondon, eUnited Kingdom. UWindsor kunye ne-Annapolis bathethathethane ngamalungelo endlela kurhulumente "iWindsor Branch" yeNova Scotia Railway ukuze idibanise iWindsor esixekweni kunye nezibuko laseHalifax. UVernon Smith, umanejala kaloliwe waseBritane onamava wayeyinjineli enoxanduva lolwakhiwo kwaye waba ngumphathi jikelele wokuqala. Ukwakhiwa kwaqalwa ngo-1866 ngoololiwe ababeza kuhlala kwiiyadi zokusebenza eWindsor, eWolfville naseKentville. Umgca waqala ukusebenza phakathi kweKentville kunye ne-Annapolis Royal ngoJuni 26, 1869, ngelixa umsebenzi wawuqhubeka kwiibhulorho ezimbini ezinkulu kwimpuma yeKentville ngaphaya kwechweba elikhulu loMlambo iAvon eWindsor nangaphaya koMlambo iGasperau eHortonville . Ukuvulwa ngokusesikweni kwabhiyozelwa ngomhla we-18 ku-Agasti 1869 kunye nabahloniphekileyo kuquka uJohn Young, iNkosi uLisgar, iRhuluneli Jikelele yaseKhanada efika ngololiwe esuka eHalifax nangona ngenxa yebhulorho engagqitywanga batshintshela kwi- stagecoachInkanyamba etshabalalisayo "iSaxby Gale" ngo-Okthobha 5, 1869 yatshabalalisa uninzi lomgca osanda kwakhiwa phakathi kweHortonville neWolfville efuna ukwakhiwa ngokutsha okungxamisekileyo. Nangona le mingeni, umzila kaloliwe wawulungile ngoDisemba 18, 1869, xa iibhulorho ezimbini ze-Avon kunye neGaspereau zagqitywa kwaye uloliwe wokuqala wayenokuqhuba umzila wonke osuka eHalifax ukuya e-Annapolis Royal. Ekuqaleni umzila kaloliwe wafumana ubunzima obuninzi bokusebenza ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nabasebenzi abangenamava, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke ukulungiswa okuyimfuneko kumacandelo omzila osecaleni kweMinas basin eyonakaliswe yi "Saxby Gale". Ngaphandle koku, ukuthuthwa kwabakhweli kwanda ngokukhawuleza, kukhuthazwa lukhuthazo lokhenketho oludityaniswe noqhagamshelo lomkhumbi ukuya eNew England. Ukuthuthwa kwempahla kukhule kancinci kancinci; ngo- 1880, nangona kunjalo, ukwanda ngequbuliso kwezicelo zokuthunyelwa kwama-apile kwaqinisekisa inzuzo kumzila kaloliwe. Umgca wawuxhotyiswe ngegeyiji ebanzi yaseKhanada eyi-5&nbsp;ft 6in (1676&nbsp;mm) kodwa ngo -1875 yaguqulwa yabuyela kweqhelekileyo. Ngomnyaka we-1892 inkampani ye-W & AR yathenga i- Cornwallis Valley Railway eyayisuka e-Kentville kwaye yafikelela e-Kingsport inqumla izithili ezityebileyo zemveliso yama-apile apho yayiqinisekise ukuhamba kwezithuthi ezikhulayo .
Iprojekthi

**Iprojekthi** ibandakanya, ngokwengqiqo jikelele, yokulungelelanisa izenzo ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuphumeza injongo echazwe kwangaphambili. 

Kukho iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa-zenzululwazi malunga nokuba yintoni iprojekthi; Kuloo nto ibhekiselele kumgangatho we-ISO 21500 unokuchazwa njengeseti elungelelanisiweyo yemisebenzi, ephunyezwa ukufezekiswa kwenjongo enye okanye ngaphezulu,  ngeli lixa kuphuma kwindlela ye-PM2, iprojekthi ingumbutho wethutyana ojolise ekudaleni. imveliso okanye inkonzo.
Amampunge

Ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, igama ***elingento*** libonisa ukukholelwa ngokugqithiseleyo kubuchule bomntu kunye nomtsalane kwabanye. Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-14 yayingenayo intsingiselo ye-narcissistic, kodwa yayigqalwa *njengelize* . Eli gama linxulumeneyo elithi ***vainglory*** namhlanje libonwa njengesithethantonye sakudala *samampunge*, ukuzingca okungafanelekanga.

Kwintanda -bulumko, amampunge abhekisela kwimvakalelo ebanzi yokuzingca nekratshi . UFriedrich Nietzsche wabhala ukuba, ngokutsho kwakhe, " *amampunge kukoyika ukubonakala kwasekuqaleni: ngoko ke kukungabikho kwekratshi, kodwa kungekhona okokuqala* ". Kwenye yee -aphorisms zakhe, uMason Cooley wathi " *amampunge, ukondliwa kakuhle, kuba nobubele.Ukuba ulambile, uba buhlungu* ."

Kwiinkonzo ezininzi amampunge, ngokwentsingiselo yawo yanamhlanje, agqalwa njengohlobo lokunqula izithixo, apho umntu egatya uThixo ngenxa yomfanekiso wakhe, yaye ngenxa yoko akasalufumani ubabalo lobuthixo . Amabali kaLucifer, uAdam noEva, uNarcissus kunye nabanye abahlukeneyo bahamba kunye neengqungquthela ezibhekiselele kwinkalo efihlakeleyo yobuze ngokwayo. Kwiimfundiso zobuKristu, amampunge abonwa njengomzekelo wekratshi, esinye sezono ezisixhenxe ezibulalayo. Olu luhlu lusanda kwandiswa kunye nokongezwa kwe *-vainglory*, ithathwa njengesono esizimeleyo ngokuzikhukhumeza, ngoko ke ayinakubangelwa kuyo.
ITurin

**ITurin** (ePiedmontese *Turin*   ) ngumasipala wase-Italiya onabemi abangama  (ukusukela nge-30 kaJuni 2023) , ikomkhulu. yommandla wasePiedmont kunye nesixeko esinesixeko esinegama elifanayo .

Umasipala wesine wase-Italiya ngabemi kunye nentliziyo yedolophu enabantu abamalunga ne-1.7 yezigidi zabemi, iTurin yindawo yesine ngobukhulu kwezoqoqosho - imveliso kwilizwe (kunye neMilan kunye neGenoa yenze unxantathu weshishini, iziko lomgangatho omkhulu. ushishino loqoqosho lwase-Italiya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwaye ngexesha lokukhula koqoqosho) kwaye yenza enye yeyunivesithi enkulu, ubugcisa, abakhenkethi, isayensi kunye namaziko enkcubeko e-Italiya. Kwintsimi yayo kukho iindawo kunye nezakhiwo ezibandakanyiweyo kwii-asethi ezimbini ezikhuselwe yi-UNESCO : ezinye iibhotwe kunye neendawo ezenza inxalenye yesiphaluka seSavoy yokuhlala ePiedmont (ilifa lehlabathi ) kunye nommandla weenduli zePo i-biosphere).

Isixeko esinembali yeminyaka engamawaka amabini, mhlawumbi yasekwa kufutshane nendawo ekuyo ngoku, malunga nenkulungwane yesi-3 BC.C., yiTaurini, emva koko yaguqulwa yaba yikoloni yaseRoma ngu- Augustus enegama lika- *Iulia Augusta Taurinorum* ngenkulungwane yoku-1 BC.C.. Emva kolawulo lwe -Ostrogothic, yayiyinkunzi ye -duchy ebalulekileyo yaseLombard, kwaye yadlula, emva kokuba ibe yinkunzi ye- brand Carolingian, phantsi kobukhosi obubizwa ngokuba yi- Savoy ngekhulu le-11. Isixeko se -duchy yegama elifanayo, yaba likomkhulu layo ngo-1563. Ukususela ngo-1720 yayilikomkhulu loBukumkani baseSardinia (nokuba *de facto* de kwadityaniswa ngokugqibeleleyo ngo-1847, xa nayo yaba njalo ngokusesikweni),  ilizwe apho ngenkulungwane ye-19 laliza kukhokelela kumanyano lwase-Italiya nolwenze ukuba kube njalo. ITurin ikomkhulu lokuqala loBukumkani baseItali (ukusuka kwi-1861 ukuya kwi-1865).

Ikhaya leMboniso kwi-1911, iMidlalo ye-Olimpiki yaseBusika ye-XX ngo-2006, i- ATP Finals  ukusuka kwi-2021 (de kube ubuncinane i-2025) kunye ne- 66th edition ye- Eurovision Song Contest  ngo-2022, indawo yokuzalwa kwezinye iimpawu ezinkulu *Zenziwe eItali* kwihlabathi, kuquka i-vermouth, i-giandujotti, i-breadsticks kunye nekhofi ye-espresso, i-fulcrum ye-Italian automotive industry, kunye neziko elibalulekileyo lokushicilela, yebhanki kunye ne-inshurensi inkqubo yolwazi, i-cinema, ukutya newayini, icandelo le -aerospace, uyilo lwemizi-mveliso, ezemidlalo, ifashoni kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa .  

Ukukhula okuthe gqolo kokubaluleka kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe kwenze iTurin yafikelela kwinqanaba lesixeko sehlabathi (isixeko sesithathu sase-Italiya emva kweMilan neRoma ) kudidi *lweGamma* .
Milan

**IMilan** (*iMilan*  ngesiMilanese dialect,   ) ngumasipala wase -Italiya onabemi abayi ,  ikomkhulu lengingqi yaseLombardy kwaye yesixeko esinesixeko esinegama elifanayo, liziko lenye yezona ndawo zinabantu abaninzi eYurophu, ikwangumasipala wesibini onabemi abaninzi e-Itali (emva kweRoma ) kwaye uphakathi kwezixeko ezingamashumi amabini ezikhulu kwiYurophu iphela. .

Yasekwa malunga no-590 BC.C. ukusuka kwisizwe samaCeltic esikwiqela le-Insubres kunye nenkcubeko yaseGolasecca, yoyiswa ngamaRoma amandulo ngo-222 BC.C. Njengoko iinkulungwane zazidlula, *iMediolanum* yandisa ukubaluleka kwayo de yaba likomkhulu loBukhosi bamaRoma aseNtshona ; ngeli xesha kwabhengezwa uMyalelo waseMilan, owanika bonke abemi, ngoko ke kwanamaKristu, inkululeko yonqulo.

Ukusukela nge-12 ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-16, iMilan yayisesinye sezona zixeko zikhulu zaseYurophu kunye neziko elibalulekileyo lezorhwebo, ngaloo ndlela yaba likomkhulu leDuchy yaseMilan, eyayiyeyona nto yayiphambili kwezopolitiko, ubugcisa kunye nefashoni kwiRenaissance.   Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye -16, nangona kunjalo, yalahlekelwa ukuzimela kwayo kwi- Empire yaseSpain kwaye yadlula, malunga neenkulungwane ezimbini kamva, phantsi kwesithsaba sase-Austrian: ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yaseHabsburg, iMilan yaba yenye yamaziko aphambili Ukukhanya kwe-Italian. Ikomkhulu leNapoleonic Kingdom yase-Italiya, emva koBuyiselo yayiphakathi kwezona ndawo zisebenzayo zeRisorgimento, de yangena kwi-Savoy Kingdom yase-Itali .

Iziko eliphambili lezoqoqosho kunye nezezimali kwiRiphabhlikhi yase-Italiya, iMilan ikhokele uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, iquka into ebizwa ngokuba yi- Industrial Triangle kunye neTurin kunye neGenoa, ngakumbi ngexesha leminyaka yokukhula koqoqosho, xa ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kunye needolophu kukwabandakanya izixeko ezingabamelwane, ukudala idolophu. indawo enkulu yemetropolitan yaseMilan . Kwinqanaba lenkcubeko, iMilan lelona ziko lopapasho lase-Italiya kwaye liphezulu kwisekethe yomculo wehlabathi ngenxa yexesha le-opera yeTeatro alla Scala kunye nesithethe sayo eside sokusebenza. Ikwaphakathi kwamaziko orhwebo aphambili aseYurophu (kunye nemiboniso emibini yehlabathi jikelele ebanjwe: I-Expo 1906 kunye ne -Expo 2015 ) kunye noyilo lwemizi-mveliso, kwaye ithathwa njengenye yeenkunzi zehlabathi zefashoni . 

IMilan yenye yeendawo zokhenketho zamazwe ngamazwe, enyanisweni iphakathi kwezixeko ezingamashumi amane ezityelelwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ikwindawo yesibini e- Itali emva kweRoma kunye neyesithandathu kwiManyano yaseYurophu . IMilan ithathwa njengesixeko sehlabathi ngenxa yefuthe laso elibonakalayo kwezoqoqosho.
Ukhozi

**L'Aquila** (**Aquila** de 1863 kunye **Aquila degli Abruzzi** de 1939) ngumasipala Italian enabemi ,  ikomkhulu lephondo igama elifanayo kunye nommandla Abruzzo. 

Ibekwe kumbindi we- Aquila basin, ecaleni komlambo iAterno nakwithambeka leGran Sasso.

Esi sixeko sasekwa ngo-1254 njengomsebenzi wokuchasana neenqaba ezingama-99, iindibano ezincinci zasezidolophini ezazalwa emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseNtshona baseRoma, obabumanyanisa ukwakha isixeko esikhulu. Yaze yatshatyalaliswa nguManfred waseSicily, ngowe-1266 iAquila yaphinda yakhiwa njengomasipala okhululekileyo phantsi kukaCharles I waseAnjou.  *I-Amiternum* kunye *ne-Forconium* yayizizixeko ezibini ezazikho ngaphambili kwindawo engqonge ikomkhulu langoku ezathi, emva kwesiseko sika-Akwila, zalahlekelwa kubaluleka kwaye zonakala.

Inxalenye yoBukumkani baseNaples kunye nenkunzi yokuqala ye-Abruzzo Ulteriore kwaye emva koko ye-Abruzzo Ulteriore Secondo, ngenkulungwane ye-15, ngenxa yoqoqosho lwayo, i-Aquila yaba sisixeko sesibini esibalulekileyo kwilizwe, ngokukhawuleza emva kweNaples .  Phantsi kolawulo lweHabsburg, phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, yafumana ixesha lokukhula koqoqosho oluguquguqukayo olwathi, nangona kunjalo, lwaphazanyiswa yintlekele yenyikima ka-1703, eyathi iminyaka emininzi yabuyisela isixeko ekuwohlokeni. Enyanisweni, ifumene uphuhliso olutsha lwezoqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

Nangona iinyikima ezinamandla zika 1315, 1461, 1703 kunye no 2009, uL'Aquila usenelifa lembali elikhulu elibonisa umaleko ophakathi ongqinwe ngaphezu kwazo zonke ngeendonga zesixeko, umaleko weRenaissance obonisa amabhotwe amaninzi kunye neecawe kwaye ekugqibeleni iBaroque kunye neoclassical . ngenxa yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo emva kokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwenyikima.

I-L'Aquila likhaya lejubhile yonyaka, iCelestinian Perdonanza, eyasekwa nguPope Celestine V ngo-1294 ngokusebenzisa i- pontifical bull *Inter sanctorum solemnia* kunye nelifa lenkcubeko ye- UNESCO engabonakaliyo ukususela ngo-2019
EsikaPhapha

**IsiXeko saseVatican**, ngokusemthethweni **iSixeko saseVatican** (ngesiLatini : *Status Civitatis Vaticanæ* ), ekwabizwa ngokuba **yiVatican** (okanye ukugqwesa kweSaint *Peter's*, okanye ngokungafanelekanga *iHoly See*), sisixeko esivaliweyo sosingasiqithi weItali, elona lizwe lincinane elizimeleyo ehlabathini ngokumalunga nabemi (abemi abangama-869)  kunye nokwandiswa kommandla, eyesithathu ngokobuninzi babantu.  Njengohlobo lorhulumente bubukhosi obunyuliweyo obupheleleyo . 

Isixeko -state, esakhiwe nge - 7 kaJuni 1929 kunye neLateran Pacts, esayinwe nge - 11 kaFebruwari waloo nyaka mnye phakathi kukaBenito Mussolini kunye noNobhala weKhadinali welizwe uPietro Gasparri, ngokulandelelana abameli boBukumkani baseItali kunye neHoly See, ' I-enclave kumhlaba weRiphabhlikhi yase-Italiya, efakwe kwilaphu ledolophu yesixeko saseRoma . EbuRhulumenteni kukho ulawulo lobukumkani obupheleleyo , olukhokelwa nguPontifi Owongamileyo weCawa yamaKatolika . Ulwimi olusemthethweni sisiTaliyane, ngelixa isiLatini silulwimi olusemthethweni lweHoly See .

URhulumente ukhupha imali yakhe, kodwa, ngenxa yezithethe kunye nomanyano lwemali kunye neItali, wamkela i- euro, ethi kwiimvaba ezisibhozo zeengqekembe zentsimbi ziphethe isambatho sengalo sikaPopu olawulayo, okanye abantu baseVatican, icala lesizwe, kwaye likhupha ezalo izitampu, ezisebenzisekayo kwinkonzo yeposi kwihlabathi liphela (kodwa ngokucacileyo kuphela ngothutho olusuka kwiPosi yaseVatican ). Uluhlu lwesikhumbuzo lweengqekembe kunye nezitampu zibalulekile, zifunwa kakhulu ngama-numismatists kunye nama-philatelists  . IVatican ikwapapasha iphephandaba lemihla ngemihla, *iL'Osservatore Romano*, elasekwa ngo-1861, yaye ukususela ngo-1931, isikhululo sikanomathotholo, iVatican Radio, siye sasebenza ngeelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo.
IVillenouvelle (Haute-Garonne)

**IVillenouvelle** yindibano yaseFransi ekwimpuma yesebe leHaute-Garonne, kwingingqi yeOccitanie.

Ngokwembali nangokwenkcubeko, idolophu iseLauragais, eyayisakuba " Ilizwe laseCockey », inxulunyaniswe kwinkcubeko ye -pastel kunye nobuninzi bemveliso, kunye " ithala laseLanguedoc ". Ivezwe kwimozulu yolwandle etshintshileyo, ikhutshwe yiHers -Mort, i- Thésauque, i-Meric stream, igama elingaziwayo kunye neminye imilambo emincinci eyahlukeneyo.

IVillenouvelle yindawo yasemaphandleni enabemi, emva kokufumana ukwanda okubukhali kwabemi ukusukela ngo-1962. Iyinxalenye yendawo ekhangayo yaseToulouse . Abemi bayo babizwa ngokuba yiVillenouvellois okanye iVillenouvelloises.

Ilifa loyilo ledolophu libandakanya izakhiwo ezibini ezikhuselweyo njengezikhumbuzo zembali : icawa yaseSaint-Sernin, edweliswe ngo-1926, kunye neholo yentengiso yaseVillenouvelle, edweliswe ngo-1973.
Umasipala waseMzantsi-Fron

I-South-Fron ngumasipala kwi-Inland county kwaye ihlala kwi-Godbrandsdalen malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-70 kumantla e-Lillehammer. Ihlala kumda we-Fron North kumantla ntshona, iFolldal kumantla, iRingebu kumantla kunye neGausdal kunye ne-East Slidre kumzantsi.

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokutya yizolimo, ishishini kunye nezorhwebo.

Ngowe-1966-1977 iSouth-Fron kunye neNorth-Fron zamkelwa kumasipala omnye, iFron.
Ibala lemidlalo lasePino Zaccheria

**Ibala lezemidlalo lasePino Zaccheria** libala lezemidlalo likamasipala laseFoggia. Ukususela kwi -1946 ibizwa ngokuba yinkumbulo kaPino Zaccheria, u-lieutenant wesibini onesibindi kunye nomdlali waseFoggia, uvulindlela we -basketball wendawo, owaphulukana nobomi bakhe ekulweni phambi kweGrike eTirana ngomhla we-4 ku-Apreli 1941.

Iimpawu zebala lezemidlalo zihambelana nemilinganiselo yokuhlelwa kwe-UEFA ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo kudidi lwe-3 .
Icawa yaseSanta Maria della Croce (Foggia)

**Icawa yaseSanta Maria della Croce**  yicawa yaseFoggia.

Yakhelwe endaweni yecawa yakudala yaseSanta Elena (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "Madonna della Croce", okanye "Santa Maria della Neve"), yadilizwa ngo- 1936 ngenxa yeemfuno zesixeko. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwawela kwindawo yesikhululo sikaloliwe, ukunika abemi bayo uncedo olupheleleyo nolusisigxina lwenkolo, ngokwakhiwa kweparadesi entsha. UMonsignor Farina uthenge umhlaba oyimfuneko kwaye wanika uMonsignor Chiappetta uyilo lwesakhiwo serhamente, umyili weHoly See. Imisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwetempile yaqala ngo-1937, ngelo xesha, ngevoti encomekayo yesahluko seCathedral eyakhululwa ngomhla wama-28 kuMatshi 1943, icawa yangomso kunye nesakhiwo serhamente yaphathiswa nguMonsignor Farina ngokwakhe kuNyana woBulungisa obuNgcwele. Nangona icawe yayingekagqitywa, ngenkunzi yenkomo yomhla we-18 kuDisemba 1946, uMonsignor Farina wayimisa njengerhamente, esebenza okwethutyana kwindlu yecawa yexeshana.

Ngaphakathi kwecawa kukho i-fresco eqala ngenkulungwane ye-11 ebonisa uMadonna kunye noMntwana onguYesu obambe uMnqamlezo. Ngokwesithethe, icawa yokuqala yaseSt. Helena yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12 kwindawo apho lo mfanekiso wafunyanwa khona. I icon efanayo ikhokelela kwigama langoku.

Kwakhona kugcinwe ngaphakathi kwecawa umnqamlezo womthi osusela kwinkulungwane ye-16 kunye nomzobo we-oyile kwilaphu, ukusuka kwixesha elithile kamva, elivela kwicawa yangaphambili eyakhiwe ngenkulungwane ye-16 endaweni yecawa ye-S. Elena, eyathi nayo yayikho endaweni yayo kukwakhiwa kwangoku.
Icawa yaseSant'Antonio di Padova (Foggia)

**Icawa yaseSant'Antonio da Padova** yicawe yaseFoggia.

Yayalelwa nguMonsignor Lenotti nge-1 kaJuni ngo-1966 wayiphathisa iFriars Minor, yakhiwa kwindawo esemazantsi esixeko. NgoJuni 24, 1972, ilitye lokuqala lasikelelwa laza labekwa nguBawo uAngelo Marracino. Imisebenzi yaphela ngomhla we-13 kuJuni ka-1979, xa icawa yavulwa ukuze kunqulwe. Icawe yangcwaliswa ngomhla wesi-5 kuMeyi 1991 nguMonsignor Giuseppe Casale. Njengoko unokubona ngokulula, isitayile soyilo secawe sanamhlanje.

Umyili wecawa wayengumyili wezakhiwo uDavide Pacanowski owathi, ukongeza kwizakhiwo zangaphandle, wanyamekela uyilo lwemihombiso yangaphakathi yebhastile.

Ngaphakathi unokuncoma umnqamlezo wobhedu nguBawo uGuglielmo Schiavina kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo eyenziwe ngamaplanga kunye ne-ceramic ngumkroli uEnzo Assenza.