I-Lovedale (eMzantsi Afrika)

**ILovedale**, ekwaziwa njengeLovedale **Missionary Institute** yayisisikhululo semishini kunye neziko lemfundo kwicandelo laseVictoria East kwiPhondo laseKapa, eMzantsi Afrika (ngoku elikwiPhondo leMpuma Koloni ). Imiliselwe ngokomlinganiselo weenyawo ezingama  ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwiindonga nemixewuka yoMlambo iTyhume, isebe loMlambo iKeiskamma, malunga  emantla eDike/Alice .

## Isiseko
Esi sikhululo sasekwa ngowama-1824 yiGlasgow Missionary Society (GMS) saza  sathiywa ngoGqr John Love, omnye wamalungu aphambili, kwaye ngelo xesha ungunobhala woluntu. Indawo yokuqala eyakhethwayo yayikwintlambo yaseNcera, kodwa ngo-1834 izakhiwo zemishini zatshatyalaliswa ngexesha leMfazwe yemida yesithandathu . Ekwakhiweni ngokutsha, isikhululo sasuswa kumgama ongasentla ukuya kunxweme lomlambo iTyhume. UJohn Bennie wayengomnye wabaseki besikhululo semishini, esasekwa phakathi kwamaXhosa. Ngowe-1846 umsebenzi eLovedale waphinda waphazanyiswa, ngesi sihlandlo yiMfazwe yezembe . Ngesi sihlandlo izakhiwo zaguqulwa zaba yinqaba zaza zavalwa ngamajoni aqhelekileyo. Ngowama1850, urhulumente wamaXhosa wagrogrisa iLovedale waza wahlasela iFort Hare esebumelwaneni, eyakhiwa ngexesha lemfazwe yangaphambili.

Kude kwaba ngowama1841 abavangeli basemazweni babezinikele phantse ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi wobuvangeli ; ngaloo nyaka iLovedale Missionary Institute yasekwa nguWilliam Govan, owathi, wagcina ithutyana nje elingephi, waqhubeka eyintloko de kwangowama1870. Emva koko walandelwa nguGqirha James Stewart (1831-1905), owayengenele ubufundisi ngowama1867, ngaphambili (1861-1863), kwaye ngokuyinxenye ekunye noDavid Livingstone, wahlola imimandla yaseZambezi . UJane Elizabeth Waterston, utitshala waseSkotlani, wanikwa umsebenzi wokwenza indawo yamantombazana kubufundisi. Wafika eMzantsi Afrika kweyoMqungu ngowama1867 esebenzela uGqirha James Stewart. Iziko lamantombazana iLovedale lavulwa ngomhla wama23 kweyeThupha ngowama1868. 

### Ihlelo
Kude kwangowama1837 iziko likamama emva eSkotlani, iGMS, lalingekho nakweyiphi na icawa. Ingxubakaxaka eyayiza kukhokelela ekuPhazanyisweni kowama1843 yaqalisa ukuvuthela ngeminyaka yama1830, yaye ngowe-1837 iGMS yaqhekeka kubini, abo baqhubeka bexhasa iCawa yaseRhabe yaseSkotlani kunye nabo babengavumelani nomgaqo-nkqubo weCawa osemthethweni, owavumela icawa ukuba iqhubeke nokuxhasa iCawa yaseRhabe, ukumisela umfundisi ngokunxamnye nebandla. ULovedale kunye nobanye abefundisi bahamba neCawa yaseSkotlani, kodwa abanye bazimanya neGlasgow South African Missionary Society, eyayinxulumene neCawa yoNcedo,  emva kokuphazamiseka ngowama1843 zonke izikhululo ezazinxulumene neCawa yaseSkotlani, kuquka neLovedale, zatshintshelwa kwiCawa yaseSkotlani . [2]

## Imfundo yemveli

Eli ziko, ukongeza kumsebenzi walo wecawa kuphela &#x2014; apho kungekho vavanyo lwamahlelo luvunyelweyo &#x2014; libonelele ngemfundo yama-Afrika esini sozibini phantse kuwo onke amacandelo emfundo (uStewart wayeka ukufundisa isiGrike nesiLatini, ethatha isiNgesi njengesiqhelo) ; kwakhona kwathatha abaphengululi baseYurophu (abamhlophe), akukho lucalucalulo lobuhlanga luvumelekileyo kulo naliphi na isebe lomsebenzi (eneneni; de yaba yinxalenye yeManyano entsha yoMzantsi Afrika ngowe1910, imithetho yeKoloni yaseKapa "yayingaboni imibala") . Eli ziko linike uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwizifundo ezininzi laze lagcina amashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amashishini awohlukeneyo afana nokulima kunye nemisebenzi yokushicilela. Ekugqibeleni yaquka isikolo samabanga aphantsi, isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, isikolo sobugcisa, ikholeji yoqeqesho lootitshala, ikholeji yezakwalizwi kunye nesibhedlele.

Izakhiwo zesikolo zazikhuphisana ngendawo yokuhlala kunye nokugqibelela kwezo zezikolo ezikwizixeko ezikhulu zaseBritani. Iindlela zemfundo nezoshishino ezaqalwa eLovedale zamkelwa ngokubanzi ngamanye amaqumrhu abavangeli basemazweni.

Kamva uLovedale waba lisebe lomsebenzi weCawa eManyeneyo yaseSkotlani, yaba yinxalenye yeCawa yaseSkotlani ngowe1929 (xa iUnited Free Church imanyana neCawa yaseSkotlani). Yavalwa ngeminyaka ye1950 phantsi kweBantu Education Act . INtloko yokugqibela emiselweyo yaseLovedale yayinguMfundisi uRHW Shepherd, owaba nguModareyitha weNdibano Jikelele yeCawa yaseSkotlani ngowe1959.

Ulawulo lobufundisi kwikholeji yaseLovedale lwaphela ngo-1955, ludlulela kurhulumente ngomthetho weBantu Education Act yowe1952. Isikolo seBhayibhile saseLovedale saqhubeka sisikolo samaKristu esahlukileyo.  ILovedale Press, eAlice, isaqhubeka nokupapasha iincwadi zonqulo nezokufundisa ngeelwimi ezininzi.

URhulumente waseCiskei wayivala ikholeji ngowe1979 kodwa kamva wayivula kwakhona.  Ikhampasi e-Alice ( kuMasipala waseKhaya iRaymond Mhlaba ) iyaqhubeka namhlanje ngokugxininisa kwezolimo.

## Alumni abaqaphelekayo

* UDavid Cranmer Theko Bereng
* Wayengumongameli wolutsha
* Chris Hani
* William Wellington Gqoba
* Ellen Kuzwayo
* ZK Mathews
* USamuel Edward Krune Mqhayi
* Govan Mbeki
* Gladys Mgudlandlu
* Charles Nqakula
* Sam Nolutshungu
* Enoch Sontonga
* UKumkani uSobhuza II
* Kgosi Bathoen II
* Tiyo Soga
* Walter Stanford

* Umfundisi uGqr James Stewart
* UGeorge McCall Theal
* Milner Langa Kabane, owathi kamva waba yinqununu
* 'Masechele Caroline Ntseliseng Khaketla
* Umfundisi uDavid Duncan Stormont wayengumvangeli walapha ukusuka ngo-1891

ILovedale ikwaligama lendlu ekwisiqithi sase- Iona eSkotlani. Kukholelwa ukuba umhlali wangaphambili wendlu wayenekhonkco laseMzantsi Afrika, elichaza ukubizwa kwendlu kwindawo apho amagama ezindlu zaseGaelic zithandwa kakhulu.

## Amanqaku kunye neereferensi