Impembelelo kokusingqongileyo ngesifo esingubhubhane i-coronavirus ka2019-2020

Ukuphazamiseka kwelizwe lonke okubangelwe ngubhubhane i-coronavirus ka-2019-20 kubangele iimpembelelo ezininzi kokusingqongileyo nakwimozulu. Ukwehla okunamandla kukhenketho olucwangcisiweyo  kubangele imimandla emininzi ukuba ive ukuhla kongcoliseko lomoya. Ukuvalwa kwamazwe kunye namanye amanyathelo eChina kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kweepesenti ezingama-25 kukuphuma kwekhabhoni [3]. Inzululwazi yenkqubo ye-One Earth iqikelela ukuba kungenzeka ukuba oku kusindise ubomi obungama-77,000 ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezimbini. [4] Ukugqabhuka kuye ngelishwa kwaphazamisa iinzame zonozakuzaku bendalo, kuquka ukuhlehliswa kweNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoTshintsho lweMozulu (United Nations Climate Change Conferences)[5]. Ukudodobala koqoqosho kuphazamiseko lwehlabathi kuqikelelwa ukuba kucothise utyalomali kwi- green energytechnologies. [6]

## Imvelaphi
Ukuya kuthi ga ku-2020, ukunyuka kwesixa segesi yegreenhouse eziveliswe ukusukela oko kuqalile ukwenziwa kobuninzi bemveliso kubangele ukuba amaqondo obushushu emhlabeni anyuke. Oku kubangele iimpembelelo kuquka ukunyibilika kwamaqhwa kunye nokunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle. [7] [8] Umsebenzi woluntu ubangele ukonakaliswa kwendalo ngeendlela ezininzi. Le yimpembelelo ye-anthropogenic.
Phambi kobhubhane we-COVID-19, amanyathelo ebekulindeleke ukuba acetyiswe kwabasemagunyeni kwezempilo kwimeko yalo bhubhane abandakanya ukuvalelwa kwiindawo ezithile kunye nokumela mgama kubantu ngokwentlalo[9]
Ngokuzimela komnye nomnye, abaphandi baxoxe ngaphambi kobhubhane i-COVID-19 onciphise umsebenzi wezoqoqosho ozakunceda ukunciphisa ukufudumala komhlaba, umoya kunye nokungcoliseka kolwandle, ukuvumela okusingqongileyo ukuba kuchume kancinci. [10] [11]

## Ungcoliseko lomoya
Ngenxa yokugqabhuka kwe coronavirus nefuthe kwezokhenketho nakushishino, uninzi lweengingqi luye lwafumana ukwehla kungcoliseko lomoya.[12] Ukucutha ungcoliseko lomoya kunganciphisa zombini ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neengozi ze-COVID-19 [13] kodwa akukacaci ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zongcoliseko lomoya (ukuba zikhona) iingozi eziqhelekileyo kuzo zombini ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye ne-COVID-19. IZiko loPhando ngezaMandla kunye nomoya oCocekileyo (Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air) lunike ingxelo yokuba iindlela zokubamba ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus, ezinje ngeendawo zokugcinwa kunye nokuvalwa kokhenketho, kukhokelele ekunciphiseni kweepesenti ezingama-25 zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni e-China. [3] [4] Kwinyanga yokuqala yokuvalwa kwamazwe, iChina yavelisa malunga ne-200 yezigidi ze carbon dioxide kunexesha elinye ngo-2019 ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwetrafikhi yomoya, ukucocwa kweoyile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalahle. [4] Isazinzulu esinye senkqubo yezomhlaba siqikelela ukuba kungenzeka ukuba oku kuncitshisiweyo kusindise ubomi obungama-78,000. [4] Nangona kunjalo, uSarah Ladislaw ovela kwiZiko lweZicwangciso kunye noPhononongo lweZizwe eziManyeneyo (Centre for Strategic and international Studies) waphikisa ukuba ukuncipha kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ngenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho akufuneki kuthathwe njengokuyinzuzo kuba iinzame zaseChina zokubuyela kumazinga angaphambili okukhula phakathi kweemfazwe zorhwebo kunye nokuphazamiseka konikezo kwintengiso yamandla ziyakwenza ufuthe lube lubi mpela kwimo engqongileyo. [14] Phakathi kwe-1 kaJanuwari ukuya kwi-11 kaMatshi ka-2020, i-Arhente ye-Space yase-Europe (European Space Agency) yabona ukwehla okuphawulweyo kukhutshwa kwe-nitrous oxide evela ezimotweni, kwizikhululo zamandla, nakwimizi-mveliso kwingingqi yePo Valley emantla e-Italy. Oku kuncitshiswa kwenzeka ngexesha lokuvalwa kwamazwe. [15]

I-NASA kunye ne-ESA bebesoloko bejonga indlela igesi yeNitrogen dioxide eyehle kakhulu ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala saseTshayina kwisifo se-COVID-19. Ukwehla kwezoqoqosho ukusuka kwinqanaba lentsholongwane kwehle ngokungxama amanqanaba okungcoliseka, ngakumbi kwizixeko ezifana neWuhan, eChina ngo-25%. [16] [17] I-NASA isebenzisa isixhobo sokujonga i-ozone (i-OMI) ukuhlalutya kunye nokujonga ungcoliseko lwe-ozone enje nge-NO2, ii-aerosols kunye nezinye. Esi sixhobo sincede i-NASA ukuba isebenze kwaye itolike idatha ezayo ngenxa yokuvalwa kwehlabathi [18].

## Iindlela zamanzi kunye nobomi bamanzi

Ubango lwentlanzi kunye nexabiso leentlanzi zombini ziye zehla ngenxa yobhubhani, [19] kunye neenqanawa zokuloba kwihlabathi jikelele zihlala zingenamsebenzi. [20] URainer Froese uthe intlanzi iya kwanda ngenxa kokuhla okukhulu ekulobeni, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba kumanzi aseYurophu, ezinye iintlanzi ezinjenge-herring zinokuphinda kabini uhlobo lwazo. [19]

Ukusuka ku-Epreli ku-2020, imiqondiso yokubuyiselwa kwizinto ezinxulumana namanzi ihlala inqabile. [21] 

## Uphando kunye nophuhliso

Ngaphandle kokwehla okwethutyana kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yehlabathi, i-Arhente i-International Energy (International Energy Agency) yalumkisa ukuba isiphithiphithi kwezoqoqosho esibangelwa kukugqabhuka kwe-coronavirus kungathintela okanye kulibazise iinkampani ekutyaleni imali kwi-green energy. [6] [22] [23] Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elongezelelekileyo lokuhlala bucala likhulise ukwamkelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenzela ukude. [24] [25] Ngenxa yesiphumo sokusebenzisa iimaski zobuso, amanani abalulekileyo angena kwindalo esingqongileyo, esongeza kumthwalo wehlabathi wokulahlwa kweeplastiki. 
IZiko laseYurophu le Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (i-ECMWF) libhengeze ukuba ukuncitshiswa kweenqwelomoya kuzwe lonke ngenxa yenyikhityha kunganefuthe ekuchanekeni kwesimo sezulu. Kungenxa yokusebenzisa iinqwelomoya ezingongeniso-mali i-Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) njengegalelo elibalulekileyo ekuchaneni uqikelelo lwesimo sezulu. I-ECMWF yaxela kwangaphambili ukuba ukugubungela i-AMDAR kuya kuncipha nge-65% okanye nangaphezulu ngenxa yokuhla kweenqwelomoya ezingongeniso-mali. [27]

## Ipolitiki

INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoTshintsho lweMozulu ka 2020 (The 2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference) yamiselwa u-2021 ekuphenduleni kwesi sifo sikho kwilizwe jikelele emva koko indawo ebanjelwa kuyo yaguqulelwa kwisibhedlele. Le nkomfa ibibalulekile njengoko amazwe ayecwangciselwe ukungenisa ugalelo lwesizwe oluqinisekisiweyo kwisivumelwano seParis (Paris Agreement), kunye namabhongo aphuculweyo. Lo bhubhane ukwanqumamisa amandla ezizwe okungenisa ugalelo kuzwelonke ngokuzimiseleyo, njengoko izizwe ngoku zigxile kubhubhane. [5] I-Time magazine iphawule ukuba umnqweno "wokuqala kutsha" uqoqosho lwehlabathi lonke olunokubangela ukugcwala kwimveliso ye-greenhouse gas. Nangona kunjalo, uMlawuli Jikelele we-Arhente i-International Energy (International Energy Agency) uthe ukwehla kwamaxabiso e-oyile ngexesha lokudodobala kwamandla ngexa le coronavirus inokuba lithuba elihle lokususa inkxaso-mali yezibaso zefosili. [28]

## Uqikelelo lweziphumo xa kubuyelwa
"Ukuqala kutsha" kwemizi-mveliso yokuvelisa i-greenhouse gas kunye nezithuthi ukulandela ukuvalwa kwamazwe ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kwaqikelelwa njengento eyayiya kuba negalelo ekwandiseni imveliso yegesi (green house production) endaweni yokuyihlisa. [29] [30] [31]

## External links
* United Nations: Six Nature Facts Related to Coronaviruses

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