UHlakahlisombulu

I **Information System** eya kuqhawulwa ngokuba yi (**IS** ) kweliphepha yinkqubo esesikweni, yentlalontle, yentlangano eyilelwe ukuqokelela, ukucubungula, ukugcina nokusasaza ulwazi .  Ukusuka kwimbono ye-sociotechnical, iinkqubo zolwazi zenziwe ngamacandelo amane: umsebenzi, abantu, isakhiwo (okanye iindima), kunye neteknoloji.  Iinkqubo zolwazi zinokuchazwa njengokudityaniswa kwamacandelo okuqokelela, ukugcinwa nokusetyenzwa kwedatha apho idatha isetyenziselwa ukunika ulwazi, igalelo kulwazi kunye neemveliso zedijithali eziququzelela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo . 

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo zolwazi, umzekelo: i transaction processing system, i decision support system, i knowledge management system, i learning management system, i database management system kunye office management system. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zolwazi bubuchwepheshe bolwazi, obudla ngokuyilwa ukuze abantu benze imisebenzi apho ingqondo yomntu ingayilungelanga kakuhle, efana: nokuphatha ulwazi oluninzi, ukwenza izibalo ezintsonkothileyo, nokulawula iinkqubo ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

## Overview

Silver et al. (1995) inike iimbono ezimbini kwi-IS ebandakanya isoftware, ihardware, idatha, abantu kunye neenkqubo. 

I -Association for Computing Machinery ichaza "iingcali zenkqubo yolwazi ngoku kugxininisela ekuhlanganiseni izisombululo zeteknoloji yolwazi kunye neenkqubo zoshishino ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolwazi lwamashishini kunye namanye amashishini." 

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo zolwazi,  iisistim zokusetyenzwa kwentengiselwano, iinkqubo zokuxhasa izigqibo, iinkqubo zolawulo lolwazi, iinkqubo zolawulo lokufunda, iinkqubo zolawulo lwedathabheyisi kunye neenkqubo zolwazi ze-ofisi. Ezona nto zibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zolwazi bubuchwepheshe bolwazi, ezinceda  ukusebenzini apho ingqondo yomntu ingayilungelanga kakuhle, efana: nokuphatha ulwazi oluninzi, ukwenza izibalo ezintsonkothileyo, nokulawula iinkqubo ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

Itekhnoloji yolwazi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kakhulu. Iinkampani ezininzi zenze isithuba segosa eliyintloko lolwazi (CIO) elihlala kwibhodi yesigqeba kunye ne -CEO (CEO), i- Chief Financial Officer (CFO), i-Chief operating officer (COO), kunye ne -Chief Technical Officer (CTO). I-CTO inokuphinda isebenze njenge-CIO, kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Igosa eliyintloko lokhuseleko lolwazi (CISO) ligxile kulawulo lokhuseleko lolwazi . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

### Amacandelo amathandathu
*Amacandelo amathandathu* ekufuneka adibane ukuze kuveliswe inkqubo yolwazi ngala: 

# *Hardware* : Igama elithi hardware libhekisa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo. Kwinkqubo yolwazi yanamhlanje, olu didi lubandakanya nekhompuyata kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zayo zokuxhasa. Izixhobo zenkxaso zibandakanya izixhobo zokufaka kunye nemveliso, izixhobo zokugcina kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Kwiinkqubo zolwazi zangaphambi kwekhompyuter, ihardware inokubandakanya iincwadi zeleja kunye ne-inki.
# *Isoftware* : Igama elithi software libhekisa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha kunye neencwadana (ukuba zikhona) ezizixhasayo. Iinkqubo zekhompyuter ziyimiyalelo efundeka ngoomatshini eyalathisa ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kweenxalenye zehardware yenkqubo ukuba isebenze ngeendlela ezivelisa ulwazi oluluncedo olusuka kwidatha. Iinkqubo zigcinwa ngokubanzi kwigalelo/imveliso ephakathi, rhoqo idiski okanye i tape. I-"software" yeesistim zengcaciso yangaphambi kwekhompyutha yayibandakanya indlela ihardware eyalungiselelwa ngayo ukusetyenziswa (umz., izihloko zekholamu kwincwadi yeleja) kunye nemiyalelo yokuzisebenzisa (incwadi yesikhokelo yekhathalogu yamakhadi).
# *Idatha* : Idatha yinyani esetyenziswa ziinkqubo ukuvelisa ulwazi oluluncedo. Kwiinkqubo zolwazi zanamhlanje, idatha igcinwa kwifom efundeka ngomatshini kwidisk okanye kwiteyiphu de ikhompyuter ifune. Kwiinkqubo zolwazi zangaphambi kwekhompyuter, idatha yayigcinwa ngokubanzi kwifom efundeka ngumntu.
# *Iinkqubo* : Iinkqubo yimigaqo-nkqubo elawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yolwazi. "Iinkqubo ebantwini yintoni isoftware kwihardware" sisifaniso esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukubonisa indima yeenkqubo kwinkqubo.
# *Abantu* : Yonke inkqubo ifuna abantu ukuba ibe luncedo. Amaxesha amaninzi eyona nto ingahoywayo yenkqubo ngabantu, mhlawumbi lelona candelo liphembelela impumelelo okanye ukusilela kweenkqubo zolwazi. Oku kubandakanya "kungekhona abasebenzisi kuphela, kodwa abo basebenza kunye nenkonzo kwiikhompyutha, abo bagcina idatha, kunye nabo baxhasa uthungelwano lweekhompyutha". 
# *I-Intanethi* : I-intanethi yindibaniselwano yedatha kunye nabantu. (Nangona eli candelo aliyimfuneko ekusebenzeni.)

Idatha yibhulorho phakathi kwehardware kunye nabantu. Oku kuthetha ukuba idatha esiyiqokelelayo yidatha kuphela de sibandakanye abantu. Ngelo xesha, idatha iba lulwazi.