Burundi

**Burundi** ,  ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseBurundi** (      ; IsiSwahili : *IJamuhuri yaseBurundi* ; IsiFrentshi : *République du Burundi*  ), lilizwe elivaliweyo kwiNtlambo enguMwonyo eNkulu ekudibaneni kommandla wamaChibi Amakhulu aseAfrika kunye neMpuma Afrika . Umda weRwanda ngasemantla, iTanzania ngasempuma nasemzantsi-mpuma, kunye neDemocratic Republic of the Congo ngasentshona; ILake Tanganyika ilele kumda wayo osemazantsi-ntshona. Izixeko ezingamakomkhulu yiGitega kunye neBujumbura, esona sixeko sikhulu selizwe. 

AmaTwa, amaHutu namaTutsi aye ahlala eBurundi ubuncinane iminyaka engama-500. Ngaphezu kwama-200 aloo minyaka, iBurundi yayibubukumkani obuzimeleyo, de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa yaba lithanga laseJamani.  Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweJamani, i- League of Nations "yayalela" indawo eBelgium. Emva kweMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi, oku kwaguquka kwaba yiNgxowa-mali yeZizwe eziManyeneyo . Omabini amaJamani namaBelgian alawula iBurundi neRwanda njengethanga laseYurophu elaziwa ngokuba yiRuanda-Urundi .  IBurundi neRwanda azizange zibe phantsi kolawulo olufanayo de kwalixesha lobuthanga baseYurophu eAfrika. 

IBurundi yafumana inkululeko ngo-1962 kwaye ekuqaleni yayinobukhosi, kodwa uthotho lokubulala, ukubhukuqa kunye nemozulu jikelele yokungazinzi kwengingqi yafikelela incopho ekusekweni kweriphabliki kunye nelizwe elinye ngo-1966. Iziganeko zokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga ekugqibeleni kwaneemfazwe ezimbini zamakhaya nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngeminyaka yee -1970 nangeminyaka yee -1990 kwakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangamakhulu amawaka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uqoqosho lungabi nankqubela yaye abemi bangabona bangamahlwempu ehlabathini .  Kunyaka ka-2015 kukho ukruthakruthwano olukhulu lwezopolitiko njengoko umongameli uPierre Nkurunziza wakhetha ukungenela isihlandlo sesithathu, iinzame zokubhukuqa aziphumelelanga kwaye unyulo lwepalamente nomongameli welizwe lwagxekwa ngokubanzi ngamalungu oluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ilizwe elizimeleyo lenkqubo yezopolitiko yaseBurundi lelo lommeli womongameli weriphabliki yedemokhrasi esekwe phezu kwelizwe elinamaqela ngamaqela. Umongameli waseBurundi yintloko yelizwe kunye nentloko karhulumente . Ngoku kukho amaqela angama-21 abhalisiweyo eBurundi .  Ngomhla we-13 kweyoKwindla ka-1992, inkokeli yobhukuqo-mbuso yamaTutsi uPierre Buyoya waseka umgaqo-siseko,  owawubonelela ngenkqubo yamaqela amaninzi ezopolitiko kwaye ubonakalisa ukhuphiswano lwamaqela amaninzi.  Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva koko, ngomhla wesi-6 kuJuni ka-1998, umgaqo-siseko watshintshwa, wandiswa izihlalo zeNdlu yoWiso-mthetho kwaye wenza amalungiselelo oosekela-mongameli ababini. Ngenxa yeSivumelwano sase-Arusha, iBurundi yamisela urhulumente wethutyana ngowama-2000  Ngo-Oktobha 2016, iBurundi yazisa i-UN ngenjongo yayo yokuhoxisa kwiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe . 

I-Burundi ihleli ikakhulu iluluntu lwasemaphandleni, kunye ne-13.4% kuphela yabemi abahlala ezidolophini ngo-2019  Ukuxinana kwabantu malunga nama-315 abantu ngekhilomitha nganye yesikwere (753 nge sq&nbsp;mi) lelesibini ngobukhulu kwi -Afrika ekwi-Sub-Saharan .  Malunga nama-85% abemi bangamaHutu, i-15% ngamaTutsi, yaye ngaphantsi kwe-1% ngabemi bomthonyama bamaTwa .  Iilwimi ezisemthethweni zaseBurundi sisiKirundi, isiFrentshi, kunye nesiNgesi, isiKirundi samkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolwimi olulodwa lwesizwe.