Isifo sentsholongwane i-Ebola

I-**Ebola virus disease** (**EVD**) okanye **i-Ebola hemorrhagic fever** (**EHF**) isisifo sabantu esibangelwa yintsholongwane i- Ebola virus. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziqala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokosulelwa yintsholongwane, ngomkhuhlane, umqala obuhlungu,i- iintlungu zezihlunu, kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubucaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye nesisu esihambisayo okulandelayo, kukusebenza okunciphileyo kwesibindi kunye nezintso. Kweli inqanaba, abanye abantu bayaqalisa ukuba neengxaki zokopha.

Intsholongwane inokufunyanwa ngokudibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba lwesilwanyana esisulelweyo (idla ngokuba ziinkawu okanye amalulwane eziqhamo) Ukusasazeka emoyeni akukabhalwa phantsi kokungqongileyo ngokwemvelo. Kukholeleka ukuba amalulwane eziqhamo athwala kwaye asasaze intsholongwane ngaphandle kokosulelwa wona yiyo. Lwakuba lwenzekile ulosuleleka lwabantu, isifo sinokusasazeka phakathi kananjalo. Amadoda asindileyo anokukwazi ukusigqithisa isifo ngedlozi phantse iinyanga ezimbini Ukuze kwenzeke uxilongo, okuqhelekileyo kokokuba ezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo ezinjengemalariya, ikholera kunye nezinye ii-viral hemorrhagic fever ziqale zikhutshelwe ecaleni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu zoxilongo lwegazi zivavanyelwe intsholongwane yezivikeli-mzimba, intsholongwane yeRNA, okanye intsholongwane ubuqu.

Uthintelo luquka ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwesifo kwiinkawu neehagu ezisulelekileyo ukuya ebantwini. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwezilwanyana ezinjalo kwanokubulawa kunye nokulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemizimba yazo ukuba isifo sifunyenwe. Ukuphekwa kwenyama ngokufanelekileyo nokunxitywa kweempahla zokhuseleko xa kuphathwa inyama nako kungaba luncedo, kwakunye nokunxitywa kweempahla zokhuseleko kunye no kuhlanjwa kwezandla xa ubani ekufuphi kumntu onesifo. Iisampulu zolwelo lwasemzimbeni kunye nezihlunu zabantu abanesifo kumele ziphathwe ngononophelo olukhethekileyo.

  
Alukho unyango olukhethekileyo lwesifo; imizamo yokunceda abantu abasulelweyo iquka ukunikeza nokuba yi oral rehydration therapy (amanzi aswiti nanetyuwa kancinane ukuba basele) okanye ii-intravenous fluids. Isifo sine-qondo lokufa eliphezulu: sidle ngokubulala phakathi kwama-50% nama-90% abo bantu basulelwe yintsholongwane. I-EVD yaqala yabonakala eSudan naseDemocratic Republic of the Congo Isifo siqhele ukwenzeka siqhambuke kwindawo ezingaselwandle lwe-Sub-Saharan Africa. Ukusukela ngo-1976 (ukuqala kokubonwa kwayo okokuqala) ukuya kutsho ngo-2013, bambalwa kune-1,000 abantu ngonyaka ngamnye abasulelweyo. Okona kuqhambuka kukhulu kule mihla kusaqhubeka ngo 2014 uqhambuko lwe-Ebola lwaseWest Africa, okuchaphazela iGuinea, iSierra Leone, iLiberia kunye neNigeria. Ukusukela ngoAgasti ka-2014 bangaphezulu kwe-1600 abantu abasele befunyenwe. Iyaqhubeka imizamo yokuvelisa ugonyo; nangona kunjalo, ayikabikho okwangoku.

## Iireferensi

; Ibhibhliyografi

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## Amakhonkco angaphandle

* ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
* CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae
* 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)
* Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks
* WHO recommended infection control measures