open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ilatin America

**ILatin America** yingcamango yenkcubeko ebonisa amazwe aseMerika apho iilwimi zesiRomance —iilwimi ezithatyathwe kwisiLatini —zizezona zibalaseleyo.  Eli gama layilwa eFransi phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukuze libhekiselele kwimimandla yaseMerika eyayilawulwa bubukhosi baseSpeyin, amaPhuthukezi namaFrentshi. Eli gama alinayo ingcaciso echanekileyo, kodwa "idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuchaza uMzantsi Merika, uMbindi Merika, iMexico kunye neziqithi zeCaribbean."  Ngendlela emxinwa, ibhekisela kwiSpeyin America naseBrazil (iPutukezi yaseMelika).  Igama elithi "Latin America" libanzi kunezintlu ezifana ne *-Hispanic America*, elibhekiselele ngokukodwa kumazwe athetha iSpanishi; kunye ne *-Ibero-America*, igama elingasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi elibhekiselele ngokukodwa kumazwe athetha iSpanish kunye nesiPhuthukezi ngelixa eshiya i-French kunye ne-British excoloni ecaleni.

Igama elithi *Latin America* laqala ukusetyenziswa kwinkomfa ye-1856 ebizwa ngokuthi "Initiative of America: Idea for a Federal Congress of the Republics" (*Iniciativa de la América.Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas*),  ngusopolitiki waseChile uFrancisco Bilbao . Eli gama laphinda landiswa ngurhulumente waseFransi uNapoleon III ngeminyaka yee-1860 njengeAmérique ukuthethelela ukubandakanyeka kwemikhosi yaseFransi kuBukhosi beSibini baseMexico kunye nokubandakanya imimandla yabathetha isiFrentshi kumazwe aseMelika anjengeFrench Canada, iHaiti, iFrench Louisiana, iFrench Guiana, iMartinique, iGuadeloupe kunye neziqithi zaseFrench Antillean Creole Caribbean iSaint Lucia, kunye neDominica, iqela elikhulu lamazwe apho ulwimi lweSpanish nesiPhuthukezi lwaluxhaphakile.
Ukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela

**Ukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela** (ngamanye amaxesha ekubhekiswa kulo **njengobuqhetseba** ) kusetyenziso lwemisebenzi ekhuselweyo yilungelo lokushicilela ngaphandle kwemvume yosetyenziso apho imvume enjalo ifuneka, ngaloo ndlela inyhasha amalungelo athile akhethekileyo anikwe umnini-copyright, anje ngelungelo lokuvelisa kwakhona, ukusasaza, ukubonisa. okanye ukwenza umsebenzi okhuselweyo, okanye ukwenza imisebenzi ephuma kuyo . Umnini welungelo lokushicilela udla ngokuba ngumdali womsebenzi, okanye umpapashi okanye elinye ishishini elinikwe ilungelo lokushicilela. Abanini belungelo lokushicilela bahlala besebenzisa amanyathelo asemthethweni kunye nethekhinoloji ukuthintela kunye nokohlwaya ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo.

Iingxabano zokwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela zikholisa ukusonjululwa ngothethathethwano oluthe ngqo, ngesaziso kunye nenkqubo yokwehlisa, okanye ukumangalelana kwinkundla yamatyala . Ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi okanye olukhulu lwezorhwebo, ngakumbi xa lubandakanya ukwenziwa komgunyathi, ngamanye amaxesha luyatshutshiswa ngenkqubo yobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho . Ukutshintsha okulindelweyo luluntu, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nokwanda kokufikeleleka kwe-Intanethi kukhokelele kukwaphulwa kwemithetho ebanzi, engaziwa kangangokuba amashishini axhomekeke kwilungelo lokushicilela ngoku agxile kancinci ekusukeleni abantu abafuna kunye nokwabelana ngomxholo okhuselwe kwi-intanethi,  nangaphezulu ekwandiseni umthetho welungelo lokukhuphela ukuqaphela kunye nokohlwaya, njengabaphuli-mthetho abangathanga ngqo, ababoneleli benkonzo kunye nabasasazi besoftware ekuthiwa baququzelela kwaye bakhuthaze izenzo zokwaphulwa ngabanye ngabanye.

Uqikelelo lweyona mpembelelo yoqoqosho yokwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela luyahluka kakhulu kwaye luxhomekeke kwezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, abanini-copyright, abameli beshishini, kunye nabawisi-mthetho kudala bechaza ukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela njengobuqhetseba okanye ubusela - ulwimi ezithi ezinye iinkundla zase-US ziluthathe njengolunentloni okanye ngenye indlela.
Thonga

**IsiTonga**, ngokusesikweni **uBukumkani baseTonga** , lilizwe elikwisiqithi ePolynesia, inxalenye yeOceania . Ilizwe lineziqithi ze -171 - apho i-45 ihlala khona.  Indawo yayo yonke imalunga nama   , abasasazeke ngaphezu    kumazantsi oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki . Ukusukela ngo-2021, ngokutsho kweJohnson's Tribune, iTonga inabemi abayi-104,494,  70% yabo bahlala kwisiqithi esikhulu, iTongatapu . Ilizwe linabela malunga  emantla-emazantsi. Ingqongwe yiFiji neWallis kunye neFutuna (eFransi) ukuya kumntla-ntshona; eSamoa ukuya kumntla-mpuma; INew Caledonia (eFransi) neVanuatu ngasentshona; iNiue (owona mmandla ukufuphi wasemzini) ngasempuma; kunye neKermadec (eNew Zealand) kumazantsi-ntshona. ITonga imalunga ne  ukusuka kwiSiqithi esiseMantla saseNew Zealand. I-Tonga lilungu le-Commonwealth.

Eyaqala ukuhlalwa malunga neminyaka engama-2,500 eyadlulayo yimpucuko yamaLapita, abahlali basePolynesia baseTonga ngokuthe ngcembe bavelisa ubuzwe obahlukileyo, ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu baseTongan . Baye bakhawuleza ukuseka unyawo olunamandla ngaphesheya kwe-South Pacific, kwaye eli xesha lokwandiswa kweTongan kunye nekholoni liyaziwa ngokuba yi- Tuʻi Tonga Empire . Ukususela kulawulo lokumkani wokuqala wamaTonga, ʻAhoʻeitu, iTonga yakhula yaba ligunya lengingqi. Yayilulawulo lwentando yesininzi olwathi loyisa lwaza lwalawula imimandla engazange ibonwe ngaphambili yePasifiki, ukusuka kwimimandla yeSolomon Islands nakwiNew Caledonia neFiji entshona ukusa eSamoa naseNiue ukusa nakwiinxalenye zeFrench Polynesia yanamhlanje esempuma. . I-Tuʻi Tonga yaziwa ngempembelelo yayo yezoqoqosho, yobuhlanga, kunye nenkcubeko phezu kwePasifiki, eyahlala yomelele nasemva kweRevolution yaseSamoa yenkulungwane ye-13 kunye nokufunyanwa kwamaYurophu kwiziqithi ngo-1616 

Ukususela ngowe-1900 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1970, iTonga yayinewonga elikhuselweyo laseBritani njengelizwe . I-United Kingdom yayijonge imicimbi yelizwe laseTonga phantsi kweSivumelwano soBuhlobo, kodwa iTonga ayizange ilahle ulongamo lwayo kulo naliphi na igunya langaphandle. Ngo-2010, iTonga yathatha inyathelo eliqinisekileyo ukushiya ubukhosi bayo obuqhelekileyo kwaye yaba bubukhosi obusebenza ngokupheleleyo bomgaqo-siseko, emva kokuba uhlaziyo lwemithetho yavula indlela yolonyulo lwabameli bayo bokuqala.
Tuvalu

**ITuvalu**, eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba **ziZiqithi zeEllice**, sisiqithi sasePolynesia esineziqithi ezininzi ezikuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki phakathi kweziqithi zaseHawaii naseOstreliya . Awona machwebakazi akufutshane yiKiribati, iSamoa neFiji. Ibandakanya iziqithi ezine zekorale kunye neeatoll ezintlanu ezinomphezulu we-26 nje&nbsp;km² kwaye lilizwe lesibini ubuncinane elinabemi ehlabathini, emva kweSixeko saseVatican . Ikwalilungu lesibini elincinane leZizwe eziManyeneyo . Ngokumalunga nobukhulu bomhlaba, iTuvalu lilizwe lesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, inkulu kuphela kunesiXeko saseVatican (0.44).&nbsp;km² ), eMunich (1.95&nbsp;km²) kunye neNauru (21&nbsp;km²).

Abemi bokuqala baseTuvalu babengabahambi ngenqanawa bempucuko yaseLapita, emva koko yayilawulwa ngabantu basePolynesia kodwa kwanaseGilbertese njengaseNui. Ezi ziqithi zaba phantsi kwempembelelo yaseBritani ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Iziqithi zase-Ellice zazilawulwa yi- United Kingdom njengendawo yokukhusela ukusuka kwi -1892 ukuya kwi-1916 kwaye njengenxalenye yekholoni ye-Gilbert kunye ne-Ellice Islands ukusuka kwi -1916 ukuya kwi-1976, emva kokuba abemi besiqithi bavotela kwi- 1974 ukuba babe ngabaxhomekeke eBritani phantsi kwegama le-Tuvalu. eyahlukana neGilbert Islands, eyathiywa igama leKiribati.I-Tuvalu yazimela ngokupheleleyo kwi -Commonwealth kwi- 1978.
IMercury (iplanethi)

**I-Mercury** yiplanethi yokuqala evela kwiLanga kunye neplanethi encinci kwi- Solar System. Yiplanethi esemhlabeni enemingxuma enkulu ngenxa yesijikelezi-langa esingenamsebenzi wejoloji kunye nomoya onzima kakhulu (obizwa ngokuba yi- exosphere ). Ngaphandle kokuba yeyona planethi incinci kwiSolar System enobubanzi obuyi-, i-38% yoMhlaba, iMercury ixinene ngokwaneleyo ukuba inomxhuzulane olingana nomphezulu weMars.

Ngokweethiyori zangoku, iMercury inokuba noqweqwe oluqinileyo lwe-silicate kunye nengubo yokwaleka engaphezulu kombindi oqinileyo wangaphandle, umaleko onzulu wolwelo, kunye nombindi oqinileyo wangaphakathi. Ekubeni iphantse ingabinawo umoya wokugcina ubushushu, iMercury inamaqondo obushushu angaphezulu atshintsha ngokugqithisileyo emini, ukusuka kwi  . ebusuku ukuya kuma-  ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga kwingingqi ye-ikhweyitha .  Kwi-Mercury's poles nangona kunjalo, kukho amachibi amakhulu omkhenkce amanzi angazange abekwe lilanga elithe ngqo, anobunzima obuqikelelwayo obumalunga ne-0.025–0.25% yomkhenkce weAntarctic.  Zininzi iingqikelelo ezikhuphisanayo malunga nemvelaphi kunye nophuhliso lweMercury, ezinye zazo ezibandakanya ukungqubana neplanetesimal kunye nomphunga wamatye. 

Ngenxa yokuba iMercury isondele kakhulu kwiLanga, ubukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga kumphezulu wayo buphakathi kwe-4.59 kunye ne-10.61 amaxesha elanga lelanga (isixa samandla eLanga afunyenwe kwiyunithi ye-astronomical 1, ephantse ibe ngumgama phakathi koMhlaba neLanga). I-Mercury ijikeleza iLanga ngo-3:2 spin–orbit resonance, okuthetha ukuba xa ithelekiswa neenkwenkwezi ezingasemva, ijikeleza kwi-axis yayo kanye kathathu kwimijikelo emibini nganye eyenzayo ukujikeleza iLanga.  Ngokuchaseneyo, ngenxa yokujikeleza okucothayo kweMercury, umntu obukeleyo kwiplanethi wayeya kubona usuku olunye lwe-Mercurian solar (iintsuku ezili-176 zomhlaba) rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini yelanga yeMercurian (iintsuku ezingama-88 zomhlaba nganye).  I-Mercury's axis ineyona ndawo incinci yokuthambeka kuyo nayiphi na iplanethi yeSolar System (malunga  yesidanga), kunye ne -orbital eccentricity yayo yeyona inkulu kuzo zonke iiplanethi ezaziwayo kwiSolar System. 

NjengoVenus, iMercury ijikeleza iLanga ngaphakathi kwi-orbit yomhlaba, yenza ukuba ibonakale esibhakabhakeni soMhlaba kuphela "njengenkwenkwezi yasekuseni" okanye "inkwenkwezi yangokuhlwa" esondele kakhulu kwiLanga. NgesiNgesi, ithiywe ngothixo waseRoma  ( Mercury ), uthixo wezorhwebo, unxibelelwano kunye nomthunywa woothixo. IMercury yeyona planethi inzima ukufikelela eMhlabeni kuba ifuna olona tshintsho lukhulu kwisantya sesiphekepheke . Zimbini kuphela iziphekepheke eziye zandwendwela iMercury ukusukela ngo-2023: yabhabha ngo-1974 nango-1975, kwaye *uMESSENGER* yasungulwa ngo-2004 yaza yajikeleza iMercury izihlandlo ezingama-4,000 kwiminyaka emine. Isiphekepheke *se-BepiColombo* sicwangciselwe ukuba sifike okokugqibela e-Mercury ngo-2025, kwaye emva koko siya kufaka ii-orbiters ezimbini.
## Imithombo
Ukhenketho

**Ukhenketho** luhambo lokuzonwabisa okanye ishishini, kunye nomsebenzi worhwebo wokubonelela nokuxhasa olo hambo.  UMbutho weHlabathi wezoKhenketho uchaza ukhenketho ngokubanzi, ngokwemigaqo ethi "ngaphaya kwembono eqhelekileyo yokhenketho njengento elinganiselweyo kwimisebenzi yeholide kuphela", njengabantu "abahambahambayo nabahlala kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwendawo yabo yesiqhelo isithuba esingadlulanga unyaka omnye olandelelanayo ukuphumla kwaye kungabi ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24, ishishini kunye nezinye iinjongo".  Ukhenketho lunokuba lolwasekhaya (kwilizwe lomkhenkethi) okanye olwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ukhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe lunefuthe elingenayo neliphumayo kwibhalansi yentlawulo yelizwe.

Amanani oKhenketho aye ancipha ngenxa yokudodobala koqoqosho olumandla (ekupheleni konyaka ka-2000) phakathi kwesiqingatha sesibini sika-2008 kunye nokuphela kuka-2009, kwaye ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ka-2009 H1N1,   kodwa yalulama kancinci de ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uphelise ukukhula ngequbuliso. UMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKhenketho weHlabathi uqikelele ukuba abakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe abafikayo bangehla nge-58% ukuya kwi-78% ngo-2020, okukhokelela kwilahleko enokubakho ye-US$0.9–1.2 yetriliyoni kwiirisithi zokhenketho. 

Ehlabathini lonke, iirisithi zokhenketho zamazwe ngamazwe (into yokuhamba kwibhalansi yeentlawulo) ikhule yaya kutsho kwi-  yetriliyoni yeebhiliyoni zeedola) ngo-2005, ehambelana nokunyuka kwemimiselo yokwenyani ye-3.8% ukusuka ku-2010  Ukufika kwabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwagqitha isiganeko esiyibhiliyoni yabakhenkethi kwihlabathi okokuqala ngqa ngowama-2012  Iimarike zemithombo ekhulayo ezifana neTshayina, iRashiya, kunye neBrazil ziye zandisa kakhulu inkcitho yazo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. 

Ukhenketho lwehlabathi luphendula I-8% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse yehlabathi.  Izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nezinye iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo azisoloko ziluncedo kuluntu lwengingqi kunye noqoqosho lwalo. Ngesi sizathu, imibutho emininzi yophuhliso lwabakhenkethi sele iqalile ukugxila kukhenketho oluzinzileyo ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi ezibangelwa yimpembelelo ekhulayo yokhenketho. UMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo wezoKhenketho weHlabathi ugxininise ezi zenzo ngokukhuthaza ukhenketho njengenxalenye yeeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, ngeenkqubo ezifana ne- International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development kwi-2017,  kunye neenkqubo ezifana ne- egxininisa indlela i -SDG 8, SDG. I-12 kunye ne -SDG 14 ibandakanya ukhenketho ekudaleni uqoqosho oluzinzileyo. 

Ukhenketho lufikelele kumanqanaba amatsha kunye neshishini elikhulayo lokhenketho lwasemajukujukwini kunye neshishini langoku elineenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa, zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokhenketho. Olunye ushishino olutsha olunokubakho lukhenketho olubonakalayo.

Nt
Terni

**I-Terni** yidolophu yaseNtaliyane enabemi  , ikomkhulu lephondo elibizwa ngokuba yi-homonymous e- Umbria .

Ummandla we-Terni basin uchatshazelwa ziindawo zokuhlala ezizinzileyo esele zikwixesha leprotohistoric, njengoko kungqinwa yi-necropolis ye-Steelworks, esetyenziswa ukusuka kwinqanaba lokugqibela leBronze Age ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuqala le-Iron Age yokuqala. ngoluntu olubonakalayo, olubangelwa yi-protohistoric *facies* ebizwa ngokuba *yiNkcubeko yaseTerni* .

Indawo ehlala abantu enxulumene ne-necropolis yayikwiinduli kunye neenduli ezisemantla esixeko sangoku, mhlawumbi kwindawo yaseCivitella, ngelixa kuphela emva kwexesha (inkulungwane yesi-7 BC.C.) kuya kubakho ukuzalwa kweziko lokwenyani le-proto-dolophu kwindawo ebekwe ekudibaneni komlambo iNera kunye ne-Serra torrent. Idatha ye-archaeological ke ngoko ibonakala iqinisekisa umhla wendabuko wesiseko sesixeko, esibekwe kwi -672 BC.C. kwisiseko sombhalo we-32 d.C. ( *Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum* XI, 4170). Abantu bangaphambi kwamaRoma ababehlala kwezi ndawo zokuhlala kwimithombo yesiLatini babizwa ngokuba *yiNahartes* (kungoko igama lesixeko, *i-Interamna Nahartium*, oko kukuthi, iNaharti), isiduko esidibanisa bonke abantu base-Umbrian ababehlala ecaleni kwendlela yeNahar. umlambo (iNaia) ngokusisiseko ukuya entlanjeni.

IsiXeko esinesantya esiphezulu sophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ukusukela kumaXesha Aphakathi, xa sasingumasipala osisityebi kunye nowokulwa okhululekileyo kunye nenqwaba yezixhobo zokusila zamanzi, ngenkulungwane ye-19 yabona amandla ayo oshishino akhula kwinguqu yesibini yeshishini, kangangokuba yayibizwa ngokuba "IsiXeko se-'Acciaio" kunye ne-'Italian Manchester '.  Ihlala i- Steelworks edumileyo eyasekwa ngo-1884 kwaye ukusukela ngo-1875 iFactory yeZixhobo ebalulekileyo, isasebenza, kunye nezityalo zombane owenziwe ngamanzi kunye neefektri ezikhethekileyo kumacandelo amalaphu kunye neekhemikhali. Isixeko sokuqala semizi-mveliso e-Italiya emva kwezo zoNxantathu odumileyo, safumana iibhombu ezinzima ngexesha leMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi ngabaManyano .

Ngenkulungwane ye-21, i-Terni ikakhulu igcina isakhiwo samanje, esavela kunye nokuvuselelwa emva kwemfazwe. Ngaphandle koku, izinto zakudala ezifunyenwe kwi-Iron Age, amaRoma, amandulo kunye nezikhumbuzo zeBaroque zisalandeleka kwisixeko.  Iindawo zasezidolophini zanamhlanje zitshintshana neendawo eziluhlaza (ngokukodwa ingxangxasi yaseMarmore, iLake Piediluco kunye nelali yaseTerni), kwaye nakwindawo ezingqongileyo kusekho iintsalela ezininzi zaseRoma ( Carsulae ), iMedieval, Renaissance kunye neBaroque.

Isithethe samva, sibhekisa kwisicatshulwa esivela kwi- Historia Augusta, sichaza indawo yokuzalwa yombhali-mbali odumileyo u-Publius Cornelius Tacitus kwisixeko sase-Umbrian, apho enye yeendawo eziphambili zedolophu kunye nesikhumbuzo kuthiwa.
Perugia

**Perugia** ,  yidolophu yaseItali enabemi abayi  , ikomkhulu lephondo elinegama elifanayo, kunye nommandla we Umbria .

Ihlaziywe ngama- Etruscans kwindawo yokuhlala yase-Umbrian esele ikhona, ngexesha layo leminyaka engamawaka amathathu yobomi yayiyenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ze-Etruria phantsi kwegama elithi *Perusna* . Udonga lokuqala lwesixeko sase-Etruscan, lusabonakala namhlanje kwiindawo ezininzi, luvale iColle Landone kunye neColle del Sole, apho kumi i-acropolis. Ngeziko elikhulu lembali, i-asymmetrically ibekwe kuluhlu lweenduli kumgama omfutshane ukusuka eTiber, isixeko sigcina ukubonakala kwexesha eliphakathi kunye nezipho - sinikwe ukhetho lwezicwangciso zedolophu zolawulo oluqala ukusuka kwi-1950s - ukuqhubeka ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nezithili ezintsha. ikhule kwiindawo ezithe tyaba, kunye needolophu ezininzi ezisasazeke kumhlaba omkhulu kamasipala (kunye ne-449.51 yayo&nbsp;I-km² yeye -11 ngobukhulu e-Itali ) kunye nenkitha yeendawo zokuhlala ezinemveliso, iindawo eziluhlaza kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo.

Ilizwe lamagcisa afana Perugino, Pinturicchio, Galeazzo Alessi, Vincenzo Danti, Guglielmo Calderini kwaye Gerardo Dottori, isixeko sasiyindawo - ngakumbi ngexesha le- Italian Renaissance - ukuqeqeshwa kobugcisa bobuntu obubalulekileyo njengoRaffaello Sanzio, uPietro Arellatino, uPietro dellatino UFrancesca noLuca Signorelli . Esi sixeko sasikwayindawo yokuzalwa yesazi sezibalo kunye nesazi ngeenkwenkwezi u-Ignazio Danti, owathi wayiguqula indlela yokuzotywa kwemifanekiso yale mihla kwaye wayitshintsha ikhalenda ngokuyitshintsha isuka kwiJulian yayisa kwikhalenda kaGregory kunye noCesare Ripa, isifundiswa seRenaissance kunye nendoda eneeleta, edume ngezifundo zayo. kwi- iconology .

IsiXeko sobugcisa esityebileyo kwimbali kunye nezikhumbuzo, iPerugia yindawo yenkcubeko, imveliso kunye nolawulo lommandla, kunye neendawo zabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe. IYunivesithi yasePerugia (1308) yenye yezona zindala e- Itali nakwihlabathi. Esi sixeko sikwalikhaya lesibini kwiziko lemfundo endala eItali, iPietro Vannucci Academy of Fine Arts (1570), kunye nekhaya kwelinye lamathala eencwadi oluntu okuqala, iThala leencwadi laseAugusta (1592).
Ibhanki yeDSB

**I-DSB Bank** ( *i-DSB: uDirk Scheringa Beheer* ) yayiyibhanki yaseDutch kunye ne-inshurensi engazange iphumelele kwi-2009. Imali-mboleko yayo yayilawulwa phantsi *kweQuion* ukususela ngoJuni ka-2013 ukuya kuJuni ka-2016 xa i- *Finqus* yaqala ukusebenza njengeBhanki ye-DSB yangaphambili. Ngo-2018 *i-Finqus BV* yathatha i-DSB Bank kwaye yasebenza njenge-subsidiary ye-DSB Group. IFinqus BV ijike ipotfoliyo yemali-mboleko kwi- NIBC Bank nge-21 kaJulayi 2021. 

Inkampani yasekwa ngo-1975 nguDirk , oyena mnini sabelo. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba *yiBuro Frisia*, kodwa ngo-1998 iDSB Groep. yasekwa equka iBuro Frisia. Ibhanki yenza iindaba amatyeli aliqela, ngenxa, phakathi kwezinto ezininzi, iimali zokubolekwa kwezindlu ezixabisa ngaphezulu kunye neeannuities ezirhoxisiweyo. Ngomhla we-19 ku-Oktobha 2009, inkundla yaseAmsterdam yabhengeza ukuba i-DSB Bank iyabhanga.  Ngoku zonke iinkonzo zebhanki ziyasebenza. Akukho zicelo zitsha zemali-mboleko zamkelwayo, kwaye ukubonelela ngeengcebiso ngeenkonzo zentlawulo nako kuyekiwe.
Ngo-2022 ukuqhuma kweBhulorho yaseCrimea

Nge-8 Okthobha 2022, ngo-6:07&nbsp;am, kwaqhambuka umlilo kwiBhulorho yaseCrimea ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo, olwenzeka kwibhulorho yendlela, okanye ngaphantsi kweendlela zezithuthi ezihamba ngasentshona ukusuka eRashiya ukuya eKerch eCrimea ehlala eRashiya . Iindlela ezimbini zebhulorho eziye zawela emanzini. Iindlela ezimbini ezijongene nempuma kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo zasinda. Ibhulorho kaloliwe yonakaliswe kakhulu yimoto kaloliwe etshayo. Kwabulawa abantu abahlanu, yaye iKomiti yoPhando yaseRashiya yaqalisa uphando.

Umonakalo wanciphisa umthamo wokuthutha webhulorho, esetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngemikhosi yaseRashiya eCrimea ngexesha lokuhlasela kwe-Ukraine . Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwenzeka ngosuku olusemva komhla wama-70 wokuzalwa kukaMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin kunye neveki enye emva kokubhengezwa kokuthotyelwa kwemimandla emine yaseUkraine yiRussia. Ngelo xesha, akukho mntu uthi uxanduva lokuqhuma kwaye uVolodymyr Zelenskyy wathi urhulumente wase-Ukraine "akazange ayalele".  Nangona kunjalo, ngoJulayi 2023, uSekela Mphathiswa wezoKhuselo e-Ukraine uHanna Maliar wavuma ukuba i-Ukraine iqhube uhlaselo "ukuze yaphule izixhobo zaseRussia."  Kungekudala emva koko, iNkonzo yoKhuseleko yaseUkraine yaqinisekisa ukuba yayisemva kohlaselo. 

Amagosa aseRashiya kunye "negosa eliphezulu laseUkraine" elithetha neThe *New York Times* bathi ugqabhuko-dubulo luphuma kwibhombu ebilayishwe elorini .
IReal Madrid v FC Barcelona (1943 Copa del Generalísimo)

Ngomhla we-13 kuJuni ngo-1943, **iReal Madrid** yoyisa **[[FC Barcelona|i-Barcelona]]** 11-1 kumlenze wesibini we- Copa del Generalísimo owandulela owamagqibela kankqoyi, iNdebe yeSpanish iye yabizwa ngokuba yimbeko kuNjengele uFranco. 

Ngomlenze wokuqala e- Les Corts, i-Barcelona yahlula i-Real Madrid 3-0, kumdlalo onzima. Kwezi ntsuku zimbalwa zizayo, i-press ye-Madrid yasibaxa isimo sengqondo sabalandeli be-Barcelona, kwaye bafuna impendulo ekhethekileyo evela kubaxhasi beReal Madrid. Ubutshaba babalandeli baseMadrid (kunye nezigqibo ezingaqhelekanga zikasompempe ) ekuqaleni komlenze wesibini (abanye abadlali beBarcelona bathi "boyika ubomi babo") bancede iReal Madrid kwi-8-0 ngoncedo lukaGeneral Franco. kwisiqingatha sexesha kunye ne-11-1 ekupheleni komdlalo, ngaloo ndlela uqhubela phambili ukuya ku-11-4 wokugqibela kwi-aggregate, apho baphulukene ne- Athletic Bilbao .  Umongameli waseBarcelona wagxothwa, kwaye kwiinyanga ezithile kamva umongameli weReal Madrid, uSantiago Bernabéu, wanikela izizathu zakhe. 

I-semi-final ye-1943 yeCopa ihlala idweliswa njengenye yezona midlalo ziphikisanayo kwimbali yebhola ekhatywayo yaseSpain . Ngenxa yesiphumo sawo esincumisayo, umdlalo ongemva kwescene, kunye nempikiswano yeenjongo ezili-12 zizonke kwimizuzu nje engama-90, lo mdlalo ugqalwa njengowona mdlalo webhola ekhatywayo uphawuleka kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi umdlalo unempembelelo ehlala ihleli kwimbali yebhola ekhatywayo yaseMadrid kunye neCatalonia, inegalelo ekuzalweni kokhuphiswano lwebhola ekhatywayo olwaziwayo phakathi kweReal Madrid neBarcelona."Real Madrid v Barcelona: six of the best 'El Clásicos'". *The Daily Telegraph*. London. 9 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.  

## iReference
Åland

**I-Åland** sisiqithi esikufuphi neFinland. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabantu base-Åland bathetha isiSwedish. Ikomkhulu lase-Åland yiMariehamn. I-Åland yingingqi ezimele.
EMatabeland

**IMatabeleland** yingingqi yaseZimbabwe . Yahlulwe ngamaphondo amathathu:

* iPhondo loMntla weMatabeleland ;
* iPhondo laseMatabeleland ekuMazantsi ;
* Bulawayo .
IAkaa

**IAkaa** sisixeko saseFinnish esikwiphondo lasePirkanmaa. Bamalunga ne-16 500 abantu abahlala esixekweni, yaye abemi balapho bayanda. Indawo ye-Akaa yi-314.38 km2, apho i-21.12 km2 yimithombo yamanzi. Ukuxinana kwabantu ngama-56.2 abahlali/km2. Oomasipala abangabamelwane beAkaa yiHämeenlinna, Lempäälä, Urjala, Valkeakoski kunye neVesilahti.
Tampereen lyseon lukio

**I-Tampereen lyseo lukio** sisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo eTampere. Yasekwa ngo-1884, ngamakhwenkwe kuphela awayefunda kwesi sikolo ekuqaleni, yaye yaziwa ngokuba Tampereen reaalilyseo.
Tampereen yhteiskoulun lukio

**I-Tampereen Yhteiskoulun Lukio** sisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sabucala eTampere. Esi sikolo sasekwa ngo-1895 njengesikolo sokufundela umsebenzi, kodwa emva kohlaziyo lwezikolo zamabanga aphantsi, siqhubekile nje sisikolo esiphakamileyo. Izakhiwo zesi sikolo zimi ecaleni kweHallituskatu kumbindi weTampere.

Ibinomsebenzi okhethekileyo wokucacisa ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Kule mihla esi sikolo sigcinwe yi-Tampereen yhteiskoulun säätiö.
I-Speciation

**I-Speciation** ithetha ukwahlulwa kwabantu ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. I-Specition ithathwa ngokuba yenzekile xa umahluko phakathi kwabantu ababini ukhule ngokwemfuza ngokude kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa inzala ekwazi ukuzala phakathi kwabo.
Giorgio Moroder

**UGiovanni Giorgio Moroder** ngumqambi waseTaliyane kunye nomvelisi womculo. Ebizwa ngokuba "nguBawo weDisco", uMoroder ubizwa ngokuba yi-euro disco yobuvulindlela kunye nomculo womdaniso we-elektroniki. Umsebenzi wakhe kunye ne-synthesizer waba nefuthe elikhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi zomculo.
Anakreonteus

**I-Anakreonteus** (i-Latin anacreonteus) yimitha eneenxalenye ezisibhozo ebizwa ngokuba yimbongi uAnakreon kwisibongo samandulo samaGrike kunye nesikimu.
ITampere

**ITampere** sisixeko esiseFinland. Ikwalikomkhulu lengingqi yasePirkanmaa. ITampere inabemi abangama-250 000, kwaye sisixeko sesithathu ngobukhulu eFinland. I-Tampere ibekwe phakathi kwamachibi ama-2; Näsijärvi kunye nePyhäjärvi.
UPedro

**UPedro** ligama elinikiweyo lobudoda. UPedro ligama lesiSpanish, isiPhuthukezi kunye nesiGalician likaPeter. Ukulingana kwayo nesiFrentshi nguPierre ngelixa isiNgesi nesiJamani ifom inguPeter.
ILoviisa

**ILovisaa** sisixeko esiseFinland, esikummandla waseUusimaa. Abemi baseLoviisa bamalunga ne-15 000. Kukho umatshini wamandla enyukliya eLoviisa.
Uluhlu lweeplanethi ezincinci 1-1000

## 1–100

## 101–200

## 201–300

## 301–400

## 401–500

## 501–600

## 601–700

## 701–800

## 801–900

## 901–1000
Ulwimi lwePolysynthetic

**Iilwimi zePolysynthetic** ziilwimi ezixutywe kakhulu, oko kukuthi, iilwimi apho amagama abunjwe ngeemofim ezininzi (amalungu egama anentsingiselo ezimeleyo kodwa angakwazi ukuzimela okanye angakwazi ukuzimela). Ziilwimi eziguqulelwe kakhulu. Iilwimi zePolysynthetic zikholisa ukuba "namagama-isivakalisi" amade afana negama lesiYupik elithi tuntussuqatarniksaitengqiggtuq.
Grinder yendalo yonke

Ingcamango ye **grinder yendalo yonke** kukuba, ngelixa izibizo zokubala zihlala zichaza izinto ezipheleleyo, ezihlukeneyo (ezifana ne-steak, i-steaks ezimbini), isibizo esilinganayo sobunzima sichaza ubuninzi obungahlukangayo bayo nayiphi na into eyenza ezi zinto (i-steak ethile). Igrinder yendalo yonke icebisa ukuba uninzi lwezibizo zokubala zingasetyenziswa njengezibizo ezininzi, xa into eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngesibizo iya kucingelwa njengobuninzi obuqhelekileyo.
Godzilla (inkwenkwezi)

**I-Godzilla** yinkwenkwezi kwi-Sunburst galaxy, iminyaka eyi-10.9 yebhiliyoni yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Yinkwenkwezi enobukhulu obupheleleyo, -14.
Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)

**I-Symphony No.25** in G minor, K. 183/173dB, yabhalwa nguWolfgang Amadeus Mozart owayeneminyaka eyi-17 ngoko ngo-Oktobha ka-1773.
Getaneh Kebede

**Getaneh Kebede Gebeto** (  : ጌታነህ ከበደ

; owazalwa nge-2 ka-Epreli 1992) ngumdlali webhola ekhatywayo wase-Ethiopia odlala njengomdlali weqela le -Ethiopian Premier League uFasil Kenema .
Hallituskatu (Tampere)

**IHallituskatu** sisitrato esisempuma-ntshona esisembindini weTampere, esihamba kwindawo yaseNalkala naseKaakinmaa. Indawo yayo yokugqibela empuma yiummandla womzi-mveliso waseTako, entshona isiphelo yiMariankatu. Ezinye izitrato ezinqumlayo zikaHallituskatu zezi Kirkkokatu, Aleksis Kiven katu, Kuninkaankatu, Näsilinnankatu, Hämeenpuisto, Papinkatu, Koulukatu kunye Mäntykatu.
Kirkkokatu

**IKirkkokatu** sisitrato esisemantla-emazantsi kumbindi weTampere. Imi phakathi kweKeskustori kunye neLaukontori. Ecaleni kwesitrato kukho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umzi-mveliso we-Metsä Board Tako, ekukuphela kwawo umzi-mveliso osebenza kwiindonga zaseTammerkoski.
Kuninkaankatu

**IKuninkaankatu** sisitrato esisemantla-emazantsi kumbindi weTampere. Iqala ukusuka eFinlayson kwaye idlula kwisithili saseTammerkoski ukuya eNalkala. Izitrato ezinqamlezileyo zaseKuninkaankatu yiPuuvillatehtaankatu, Satakunnankatu, Puutarhakatu, Kauppakatu, Hämeenkatu, Hallituskatu kunye neSatamakatu.
Carbon dioxide

**Ikhabhon dayoksayidi** (**carbon dioxide**) yikhemikhali enefomula ye-CO2. Yenziwe ngeeathom zekhabhoni enye edityaniswe ngokuphindwe kabini kwiiathom zeoksijini ezimbini. Ifumaneka kwi-gas state kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwaye njengomthombo wekhabhoni ekhoyo kumjikelo wekhabhoni, i-CO2 ye-atmospheric ngumthombo oyintloko wekhabhoni wobomi emhlabeni. Emoyeni, ikharbhon diokside ibonakala elubala ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kodwa ifunxa imitha ye-infrared, isebenze njengegesi yegreenhouse. Ikharbon diokside iyanyibilika emanzini yaye ifumaneka kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kumachibi, kwimiphetho yomkhenkce nakumanzi olwandle.
Jewhen Buket

**U-Yevhen Wassylowych Buket** (u-Ukrainian Євген Васильович Букет, owazalwa nge-23 ka-Okthobha, 1981 eKiev, e-Ukrainian SSR) yingcali yeentlanga zase-Ukraine, umbhali-mbali wasekhaya, intatheli kunye nomhleli oyintloko wephephandaba iNkcubeko kunye noBomi.
Quantum Network Nodes Based on Diamond Qubits with an Efficient Nanophotonic Interface

**Quantum Network Nodes Based on Diamond Qubits with an Efficient Nanophotonic Interface** inqaku lesayensi elipapashwe ngoNovemba 1st 2019. Inqaku limalunga nenethiwekhi ye-quantum, kwaye yenziwe nguRalf Riedinger noMikhail Lukin.
Ukuchaswa kweBinary

**Ukuchaswa kokubini** (kunye nenkqubo yokubini) ligama eliyeleleneyo okanye iikhonsepthi ezichaseneyo ngentsingiselo.
IGoogol

**Igoogol** linani elikhulu 10^{100}. Kwi-decimal notation, ibhalwe njengedijithi yoku-1 elandelwa zirozi ezilikhulu: 10, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000.

10^{10^{100}}ibizwa ngokuba yiGoogolplex
IGoogolplex

**IGoogolplex** linani le-10 kumandla kaGoogol, 10^{10^{100}}.

Inombolo ene-googolplex zero ibizwa ngokuba yiGoogolduplex
IGoogolduplex

**I-Googolduplex** linani elikhulu elilingana no-10^{10^{10^{100}}}

Googoltriplex = 10^{10^{10^{10^{100}}}}
Ralf Riedinger

**URalf Riedinger** ngumphandi osuka iYunivesithi yaseHamburg. Wayeyinxalenye yephepha lophando Quantum Network Nodes Based on Diamond Qubits with an Efficient Nanophotonic Interface.
Käärijä

**UKäärijä** (igama lokwenyani **uJere Pöyhönen**; owazalwa ngo-Okthobha 21, 1993 eHelsinki) ngumculi weRap waseFinnish orekhoda iiRekhodi zeMonsp.

Umjikijelwa uphumelele uKhuphiswano loMculo oMtsha ka-2023 (UMK) kwaye kwafuneka amele iFinland kukhuphiswano lweengoma ze-Eurovision ngo-2023 ngengoma yakhe ethi "Cha Cha cha". Ufumene iivoti ezininzi zoluntu kukhuphiswano kwaye ekugqibeleni uphume kwindawo yesibini.
Umda phakathi kweColombia neVenezuela

**Umda ophakathi kweColombia neVenezuela** ngumda wamazwe ngamazwe we- ukwahlula imimandla yaseColombia kunye neVenezuela, kunye nenani elipheleleyo le-603 yamatye omda abeka umgca.  Ngowona mda mkhulu kuwo omabini la mazwe.      

Umda, ubuncinci kwindawo yawo esemhlabeni, wawusikelwe umda ngezivumelwano ezimbini: iSpanish Arbitration Award yeKumkanikazi uMaria Cristina ka-1891 kunye neSivumelwano seMida kunye nokuHamba koMlambo ka-1941  Nangona kunjalo, ingxabano malunga nenkcazo yomda kwiGulf of Venezuela isekhona nanamhlanje, ebangela ukungqubana kwezopolitiko phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

Ngo-Agasti ka-2015, amajoni amabini aseVenezuela enzakala ngexesha lokungquzulana nabarhanelwa baseColombia ebangela ukuba uMongameli waseVenezuela uNicolás Maduro avale uninzi lomda, ngaphandle kwaseTáchira.
Estoniya

( isi - Estonian : *Eesti* ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yase - Estonia** ( isi - Estonian : *Eesti Vabariik* **)**, enekomkhulu iTallinn, yiriphabliki yepalamente emi kumntla-mpuma weYurophu, kumda weRashiya ngasempuma kunye neRashiya emazantsi . ngasentshona ngakuLwandle lweBaltic, olwahlulahlula kwiFinland neSweden . Ngaphezu koko, unxweme lujikelezwe ziziqithi ezimalunga nama-800, kuquka iHiiumaa neSaaremaa .

Yeyona ndawo isemantla kumazwe eBaltic, ehlala idityaniswa ziziganeko zembali ezifanayo; Nangona kunjalo ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko ayiveli kwiBaltic kodwa iFinno - Ugric, njengeFinland engummelwane, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu inqwenela ngakumbi ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengelizwe lommandla weNordic .   

ilizwe elililungu leManyano yaseYurophu, i-NATO kunye ne- OECD kwaye ikwalilizwe elityikitye iProtocol yaseKyoto .

Ifumene ukukhula koqoqosho ukususela ngo-2010, ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kweemfuno zangaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumaqabane ayo aphambili e-Scandinavian zorhwebo, i-Sweden ne- Finland .  I-State ngomnye wabokuqala kwihlabathi ukwenza izinto ezintsha, ukusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha, obufana ne -Intanethi kunye norhwebo lwe-elektroniki, kangangokuba iqalise iprojekthi ye -e-Estonia ekuqaleni kwe-1997. Kukho malunga ne-1,140 yeendawo ze-Wi-Fi kwindawo. 

I-Estonia yatshintsha ukusuka kwi- kroon yase-Estonia ukuya kwi- euro nge-1 kaJanuwari ka-2011, yaba lilungu leshumi elinesixhenxe le- eurozone, apho yenye yamazwe anetyala eliphantsi loluntu  .
Xiaomi Mi MIX Alpha

**I-Xiaomi Mi MIX Alpha** yi-smartphone esekwe kwi-Android eyilwe nguXiaomi. I-Xiaomi iyichaza njengefowuni yombono, kodwa icwangciselwe ukuyizisa kwimveliso encinci. Bekucwangciselwe ukukhutshwa ngoDisemba ka-2019, kodwa iye yarhoxiswa ngenxa yobunzima bokuvelisa.
Iklabhu yeBhola yeHlabathi yaseMilan

**Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i-Internazionale Milano**, eyaziwa ngcono njenge **- Internazionale** okanye ngaphezulu nje njenge - **Inter Milan**, yiklabhu yebhola ekhatywayo yase-Itali esekelwe kwisixeko saseMilan.

Yasekwa ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi 1908 liqela lamalungu aphikisayo,  iklabhu ibisoloko idlala kwinqwelo moya yobuntshatsheli kazwelonke iqala kumdlalo wayo wokuqala osemthethweni, ngo-1909, kwaye nguye kuphela othathe inxaxheba kuwo onke. ukuhlelwa kweSerie A, esekwe kwixesha le -1929-30 . Ukusukela oko yasekwayo, inxibe iyunifomu enemigca ethe nkqo yeNerazzurri, ngaphandle kokungenelela okufutshane ngo-1928 xa yamkela ihempe emhlophe enqamlezileyo.

I-palmarès yayo iquka izihloko zesizwe ze-35. - 19 Scudetti, iiNdebe ze-Italiya ezili-9 kunye ne-7 ye-Italian Super Cups - eyenza ibe yiqela lesibini eliphumelele kakhulu emva (59). Ngamazwe ngamazwe, nangona kunjalo, iqhayisa i-3 ye-European Cups / Champions League, i-3 ye-UEFA Cups, i-2 ye -Intercontinental Cups kunye ne- FIFA Club World Cup, kwii-trophies ezisemthethweni ezi-9 ezibeka i-Inter emva kwe-Milan (18) kunye ne-Juventus (11) kwinqanaba. yeeklabhu zase-Italiya ngenani loloyiso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1965 baba liqela lokuqala laseYurophu ukuphumelela iligi, iNdebe yaseYurophu kunye neNdebe ye-Intercontinental ngonyaka omnye, ngaloo ndlela bebambe izihloko zelizwe, ilizwekazi kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo saphindwa kwakhona kwi-2010, xa nayo yaba ngowokuqala kunye neqela laseNtaliyane kuphela eliphumelele ukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthathu oludlalwa ngexesha lonyaka: i-Champions League, i-Championship kunye ne-Italian Cup ;  ngoloyiso olulandelelanayo kwi- Italian Super Cup kunye neFIFA Club World Cup, iye yaba yeyokuqala kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iqela elizweni eliphumelele iindebe ezintlanu kwisithuba sonyaka wekhalenda.  

Abanye babadlali bakhe bebhola baye bavuzwa ngexesha lokulwa kwabo kwiklabhu kunye namabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, njengeBallon d'Or kunye noMdlali weHlabathi weFIFA ; ngaphezu koko, iklabhu inikezele ngegalelo elifanelekileyo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe lase-Italiya. Iqela lingathembela kwinkxaso eninzi kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwi-1998 kunye ne-2010, i-Inter yabizwa ngokuba *yiQela leHlabathi loNyaka* yi-IFFHS ; ngo 2009 yabeka yesithandathu kuluhlu lwehlabathi awona maqela angcono yaseYurophu ezizotywe yi federation efanayo yembali kunye nezibalo,  kwaye ngo-2011 kwindawo yesihlanu (Italian yokuqala) kuluhlu lwaseYurophu lwamaqela angcono kwiminyaka elishumi 2001-2010.

## iReference
Australia-American Samoa 31-0

Umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo phakathi kwe **-Australia** kunye ne **-American Samoa**, eyaphela ngamanqaku angama **-31-0** ngokuthanda iindwendwe,  ibamba irekhodi lelona nqanaba libanzi kakhulu kumdlalo osemthethweni phakathi kokhetho olukhulu lwebhola yelizwe. Umdlalo, ovumelekileyo kubadlali beNdebe yeHlabathi ye-2002, wenziwa ngomhla we-11 ku-Epreli 2001 kwi-International Sports Stadium e- Coffs Harbour ( e- Australia ) phambi kwabaphulaphuli be-3,000 yababukeli kwaye wajongwa yi- Tahitian Ronan Leaustic.
I-Neurology

**I-Neurology** lisebe elikhethekileyo leyeza elifunda i-pathologies ye- nervous system (i-cerebrum, i-cerebellum, i-brainstem kunye ne- spinal cord), ye-peripheral somatic system (iingcambu kunye ne-spinal ganglia, i-nerve plexuses kunye ne-trunks) kunye ne- peripheral autonomic nervous system.

Ulwazi lwe-Neurological lusekelwe ngokuqinileyo kwizinto ezifunyenweyo kwi-neuroscience, isethi yezifundo eziqhutywe ngokwesayensi kwinkqubo ye-nervous.

Kuze kube kwiminyaka yamashumi asixhenxe eItali, unyango lwezifo zenkqubo ye-nervous lubandakanyiwe kwi-"corpus" enye zombini i-pathologies yengqondo kunye ne-"organic" pathologies, apho uqeqesho olubizwa ngoko luchazwa njenge " neuropsychiatry ".

Kwakhona emva kohlaziyo oluphefumlelwe nguFranco Basaglia, le mimandla mibini yahlulahlulwe, ngokwesayensi, ngokwezonyango kunye ne-didactically, kwi-neurology kunye ne-psychiatry .Ehlabathini lonke, amacandelo amabini okufunda ahlala eqhutywa ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokuzimeleyo kumava ase-Italiya, ngaphezu kwayo yonke loo nto ngenxa yobuninzi bedatha nolwazi oluthe lwaqokelelana kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo, kwaye ngoku kunzima ukuyithoba. zibe ngumjikelo omnye wokufundisa.

Izifo zenkqubo ye-nervous zihlukaniswa zombini kwisiseko se- anatomy kunye nesiseko se- etiopathogenesis .
Uqhanqalazo eBrazil ngo-2013

**Uqhanqalazo olwenzeka eBrazil ngo-2013** lwaqalwa yiPasse Livre Movement, iqumrhu lendawo elibize izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zasimahla.

Uqhanqalazo lwaqala lwaququzelelwa ukuqhanqalazela ukunyuswa kwamaxabiso eebhasi, oololiwe kunye neendlela ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwezinye izixeko zaseBrazil, kodwa imiba efana nenkohlakalo yamapolisa esetyenziswe kwabanye abaqhankqalazi iye yongezwa . Phakathi kuJuni lo mbutho ukhule waba ngumboniso omkhulu eBrazil ukususela kwimibhikisho ye- 1992 ngokuchasene nomongameli wangoko uFernando Collor de Mello. Njengakwezinye iindawo zoqhanqalazo lwakutsha nje kwezinye iindawo, amajelo eendaba ezentlalo adlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni uqhanqalazo loluntu nokugcina abaqhankqalazi benxibelelana .
Okokugqibela (Pollina)

I-**Finale** liqhezu likamasipala wasePollina, obekwe kwiphondo lase Palermo. Ime kwindawo apho ngenkulungwane ye-18 iVentimiglias yakha "i-villa" apho yavela khona indawo, njengendawo yokuthengisa yaselwandle yaseMarquisate. IFinale lelona ziko lihlala lihlala kuMasipala wasePollina, apho abantu abangaphezu kwesibini esithathwini bahlala khona.
Romaniya

**IRomania** (ngesiRomania *România*, ) lilizwe elililungu leManyano yaseYurophu kunye ne- UN, emi kumbindi-mpuma weYurophu kumda we- Balkan Peninsula .Inabemi be  abahlali (2022) kunye nendawo eyi-. Yiriphabliki ephambi komongameli kwaye ikomkhulu layo yiBucharest.

Imida iHungary neSerbia ngasentshona, iBulgaria ukuya emazantsi, uLwandle Olumnyama, iMoldova neUkraine ngasempuma, kunye neUkraine kwakhona emantla .Ukususela ngo-29 Matshi 2004, iRomania ibe yinxalenye ye -NATO kwaye, ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2007, ye- European Union .

Imali yayo yi- leu (uphawu *L* ), (1 leu = 0.205421 euro, ukususela ngoNovemba 22, 2020).
Fransi

**IFransi** (isiFrentshi : *iFransi*, ), ngokusemthethweni **iRiphabhlikhi yaseFransi** (isiFrentshi : *République française*), lilizwe elibekwe eNtshona Yurophu  nakumaZantsi Yurophu, kodwa enemimandla esasazeke kwiilwandlekazi ezininzi nakwamanye amazwekazi. I-France yiriphabliki yomgaqo-siseko emanyeneyo, inolawulo oluphantse lube ngumongameli . I-Paris ikomkhulu, ulwimi olusemthethweni sisiFrentshi, iimali ezisemthethweni yi- euro kunye ne- CFP franc kwimimandla ye- Pacific Ocean. Isiqubulo saseFransi sithi « *Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité* » kwaye iflegi inezibhanti ezintathu ezithe nkqo ezinobukhulu obulinganayo ngeblue, white and red . Umhobe wesizwe uthi *La Marseillaise.*

Lilizwe elenziwe ekuqaleni kweXesha eliPhakamileyo eliPhakamileyo, elithatha igama layo kubantu baseJamani baseFranks. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 ukusa kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, yayinobukhosi obukhulu bamathanga . Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yaba lelinye lamazwe aseka i-European Union.  Ngaphaya koko, lilizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu amandla enyukliya ehlabathini, elinye lamalungu asisigxina eBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye nelizwe elililungu le-NATO. Ikwalilungu leG7, iG20, i-eurozone, indawo yeSchengen kwaye ibamba ikomkhulu leBhunga laseYurophu, iPalamente yaseYurophu kunye neUNESCO. IFransi inempembelelo ethile kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, umkhosi kunye nenkcubeko eYurophu nakwihlabathi njengamandla aphakathi    .

Isebenzisa ukongama kwayo kwimimandla ekhoyo kwiilwandlekazi ezintathu nakumazwekazi amane  . I -geopolitics yayo ibalulekile kwihlabathi liphela, kuba inenani elikhulu lozakuzo kunye nabazakuzo, okwesibini kuphela kwelase -United States, kwaye ineziseko zomkhosi kuwo onke amazwekazi. IFransi ibambe indawo yokuqala yoqoqosho olulodwa (indawo yaselwandle) kwihlabathi, apho yongezwa ishelufu yelizwekazi i ngo-2015  .

Lilo, ngo-2014, igunya lesithathu lezoqoqosho laseYurophu emva kweJamani kunye ne-United Kingdom, kunye namandla ezoqoqosho ehlabathi lesithandathu ngemveliso yasekhaya yegama (yesithoba ngokuthenga ukulingana kwamandla) kwaye inomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wokuphila. Ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2016, inani labemi baseFransi malunga ne-67.2 yezigidi zabemi, ngokoqikelelo olupapashwe yi- INSEE, apho i  kwimimandla ye- metropolitan,  kwimimandla yaphesheya kunye ne-  e- caledonia nase-News communes . Lilizwe lesibini elinabantu abaninzi kwi -European Union emva kweJamani . Ngaphaya koko, ikwalelona lizwe likhulu kwiManyano yaseYurophu kunye nelizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu eYurophu  . Igunya lamandulo lobukoloniyali, inkcubeko yalo isasazeke kulo lonke ihlabathi kwaye namhlanje lilungu le- International Organisation of Francophonie . Ulwimi lwesiFrentshi, emva kwesiNgesi, lolona lwimi lwesibini lufundwa kakhulu kwihlabathi  kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezintandathu ezisemthethweni (kunye nolunye lweelwimi ezimbini ezisebenzayo) zeUN.
ENew South Wales

**INew South Wales** (edla ngokufinyezwa njenge **NSW** ) lilizwe elikunxweme olusempuma yeOstreliya . Umda waseQueensland emantla, iVictoria emazantsi, kunye noMzantsi Ostreliya ngasentshona. Unxweme lwayo lomda weCoral kunye neTasman Seas ngasempuma. I-Australian Capital Territory kunye neJervis Bay Territory zivalelwe ngaphakathi kurhulumente. Ikomkhulu lelizwe laseNew South Wales yiSydney, nesesona sixeko sinabantu abaninzi eOstreliya.  , the population of New South Wales was over 8&nbsp;million, making it Australia's most populous state. Ngaphantsi nje kwesibini kwisithathu sabemi bakarhulumente, 5.3&nbsp;million, bahlala kummandla weGreater Sydney. 

IColony yaseNew South Wales yasekwa njengekoloniyali yaseBritane ngo-1788. Ekuqaleni ibibandakanya ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha selizwe laseOstreliya kunye nomda wasentshona obekwe kwi -129th meridian empuma ngo-1825. Ikoloni ke yayiquka imimandla yesiqithi yeVan Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island, kunye neNorfolk Island . Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uninzi lwendawo yekoloni yavalwa ukuze yenze amathanga ahlukeneyo aseBritane awathi ekugqibeleni abe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla yaseOstreliya.  

. Nangona kunjalo, i- Swan River Colony ayizange iphathwe njengenxalenye yeNew South Wales.

ISiqithi saseLord Howe sihlala siyinxalenye yeNew South Wales, ngelixa iNorfolk Island iye yaba yindawo yomdibaniso, njengeendawo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Australian Capital Territory kunye neJervis Bay Territory.
Borgo Incoronata

I-**Borgo Incoronata** liqhezu likamasipala waseFoggia .

Kukho indawo engcwele ye-Crown Madonna, ekhumbula ukubonakala ngo-Apreli wonyaka we -1001 : ngokwe-legend, i-Madonna, enebala elimnyama (i-Black Madonna ), yabonakala kwisibalo sika-Ariano kunye nomalusi emahlathini aseCervaro., ebamema ukuba bakhe icawa  . Ilali ibekwe kwindlela *yeVia Francigena*.

Namhlanje ingcwele iqhutywa ngomyalelo weOrionine kwaye isikhumbuzo sokubonakala sibhiyozelwa apho ngoMgqibelo wokugqibela ka-Epreli nyaka ngamnye.

I-Bosco Incoronata Regional Natural Park yasekwa ngo-2006.
I-eur

I**-eur** (uphawu: **€**, ISO 4217 ikhowudi: **EUR;** AFI : ; isininzi esingaguqukiyo okanye, ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, " euri "  ) yimali esemthethweni yamazwe e- *eurozone*  kunye nenye ngoku eyamkelwe ngama-20&nbsp;kwaMazwe angamaLungu angama-27&nbsp;eManyano abambelela kuManyano lwezoQoqosho nezeMali lweManyano yaseYurophu (EMU).  Le ngqekembe yahlulwe yaziisenti ezili-100.

Igama i- *euro* lakhethwa ekupheleni kweBhunga laseYurophu eMadrid ngoDisemba 1995,  kwaye emva koko laziswa ukuba lithathe indawo ye- ECU ( *iYunithi yeMali* yaseYurophu) ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 1999 ngexabiso le-1: 1. Ujikelezo lwemali ngokwenene lwaqala nge-1 kaJanuwari 2002 kumazwe alishumi elinesibini lokuqala ukuwamkela.

Isizwe sokugqibela ukwamkela imali kwaba Croatia 1 January 2023,   ngaphambili kwakukho Latvia kunye Lithuania, 1 January 2014 kunye 1 January 2015 ngokulandelanayo.  

Indawo entsonkothileyo yala mazwe, ebizwa ngokungacwangciswanga ngokuba *yieurozone* (okanye *ikwayieurozone* okanye *ieuroland*), inabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-346; kwakhona kuthathelwa ingqalelo loo mazwe esithathu asebenzisa imali edityaniswe neyuro, imali enye ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-480 ehlabathini lonke. Ukongeza kumalungu e-eurozone, imali enye yaseYurophu ikwasetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe amathandathu aseYurophu: i -microstates ezine ( Andorra, Vatican City,  Monaco  kunye neSan Marino ) baye bamkela i-euro nge ukulunga kweemeko ezazikho ngaphambili zomanyano lwemali kunye namazwe angamalungu e-EU, ngelixa ukwamkelwa yiMontenegro neKosovo yayilicala elinye.

I-euro ilawulwa yi- European Central Bank (ECB), ikomkhulu eFrankfurt am Main,  kunye neNkqubo yaseYurophu yeeBhanki eziPhambili ; iqumrhu lokuqala lilodwa lijongene nemigaqo -nkqubo yezemali eqhelekileyo, ngelixa lisebenzisana nowesibini ngokumalunga nokumbiwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kweemali zemali kumazwe angamalungu.

I-euro ikwayimali esemthethweni kuwo onke amasebe aseFransi aphesheya kunye nemibutho yaphesheya : iMayotte ( iAfrika ), iRéunion (iAfrika), iGuadeloupe (kuMntla Melika), iMartinique (kuMntla Melika), iSaint-Pierre kunye neMiquelon (kuMntla Melika), iSaint Barthélemy (kuMntla Merika), iSaint-Martin (kuMntla Merika), iFrench Guiana (kuMzantsi Merika), kunye naMazwe aseFransi akumaZantsi neAntarctic. I-euro nayo yimali yangoku eCeuta naseMelilla, izixeko zaseSpain ezizimeleyo eNyakatho Afrika, kwiiCanary Islands, uluntu oluzimeleyo lwaseSpain, kwiindawo zaseSpain zaseNyakatho Afrika (Plazas de soberanía) nakwiindawo ezizimeleyo zasePortugal, iAzores neMadeira.
I-Samoa National League

**I-Samoa National League** ngumbutho webhola ekhatywayo e-Samoa kunye necandelo eliphezulu le- Football Federation yaseSamoa. I-3,500 ye-Toleafoa JS Blatter Soccer Stadium yindawo ekukuphela kwayo yeligi yesizwe. 

## Iiklabhu

* Faatoia United
* Kiwi
* Lepea
* Lion of Judah
* Lupe o le Soaga (Magiagi)
* Moaula United
* Sogi
* University of South Pacific
* Vaipuna
* Vaiusu
* Vaivase-Tai
* Vaitele Uta

*Amaqela ukusukela kwisizini ka-2022.*

## Abaphumeleleyo bangaphambili

## Imiboniso

## Abanamanqaku aphezulu

### Iminqwazi

## Iimbekiselo

## Amakhonkco angaphandle

* Iligi kwiFIFA
* Iligi kwi-soccerway.com