Iimaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020

## Iingcebiso zikarhulumente
Ukunxitywa kweemaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020 kuye kwafumana iingcebiso ezahlukeneyo kwii-arhente zezempilo zoluntu noorhulumente. Esi sihloko sibe yinto ekuxoxwa ngayo, ii-arhente zezempilo zoluntu kunye noorhulumente bengavumelani nomgaqo wehlabathi wokunxitywa kweemaski zobuso.

## Isizathu
Ezinye zezizathu ezichazwe ngamagosa ezempilo aseTshayina ngokunxiba iimaski nangabantu abaphilayo zezi zilandelayo: 

# Usuleleko olu-asymptomatic (usuleleko oluvela kwabo bangabonisi zimpawu zakugula). Abantu abaninzi banokusuleleka ngaphandle kweempawu okanye kuphela ngeempawu ezingaxhomisi-mehlo.
# Ukungakwazi ukulandela ukuhlalelana qelele kwindawo zikawonke-wonke ezininzi ngalo lonke ixesha.
# Ukungaxhamli kweendleko zokungasebenzi (ukungakhuthazwa). Ukuba abantu abosulelekileyo ngabo kuphela abanxiba imaski, banokufumana inkuthazo embi yokwenza oko. Umntu owosulelweyo unokungafumani nto ilungileyo, kodwa uyakuthwala iindleko ezinje ngokuphazamiseka, iindleko zokuthenga kunye nokuba nokhetho.

Ugqirha weentsholongwane kwiDyunivesithi yaseLeeds obizwa ngokuba nguStephen Griffin uthi 'Ukunxiba imaski kungalinciphisa ithuba [lokuba] abantu bachukumise ubuso babo, kuba ngumthombo wosulelo ngaphandle kococeko lwezandla olufanelekileyo.

## Uhlobo lweemaski
Imaski yobuso yelaphu yimaski eyenziwe ngamalaphu aqhelekileyo enxitywa ngaphezulu komlomo kunye nempumlo, uninzi lwenziwe ngomqhaphu. Ngokungafaniyo neemaski zoogqirha zokuhlinza kunye neziphefumlisi, zona azikho phantsi kwemiqathango. Okwangoku kukho uphando oluncinci okanye isikhokelo ekusetyenzisweni kwazo njengenyathelo lokukhusela ekusasazeni isifo okanye ekungcoleni komoya.

Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza sisixhobo esinxibeka khululekileyo, esilahlwayo esithi sidale umqobo phakathi komlomo kunye nempumlo yalowo uyinxibayo kunye nezinto ezinokubangela ukungcoliseka kwindawo ezikuyo. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza yenzelwe ukunceda ukuthintela amathontsi amakhulu amachaphaza, ukutshiza, okanye ukutshiza okukhulu okungaqulatha iintsholongwane kunye neebaktheriya ukuba inxitywe ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ezi zinto ukuba zingafiki emlonyeni nakwimpumlo yalowo uyinxibileyo. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza inokuthi incede ekunciphiseni ukubonakala kwamathe alowo uyinxibileyo kunye nokuphefumla komoya kwabanye.  Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza ayenzelwanga ukuhluza okanye ukuvimba amathontsana amancinci emoyeni anokusasazeka kukukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye iinkqubo ezithile zonyango. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza ayiboneleli ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo kwiintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ngenxa yokunxibeka okuthe tye phakathi komphezulu wemaski yobuso kunye nobuso. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza yenziwe ngelaphu elingelilo elenziwe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuntyibilikisa.  

Imaski engu-N95 lilatshana lobuso elisisihluzi samasuntswana okuphefumla esidibana ne-N95 ongumlinganiselo wokucoca umoya wase Melika kwiZiko elijongene noKhuseleko kunye neMpilo yaBasebenzi. Ihluza ubuncinci beepesenti ezingama-95 amasuntswana omoya. Ingumzekelo kamatshini osisixhobo sokuphefumla, osinika ukhuselo kumasuntswana, kodwa hayi iigesi okanye umphunga. Njengemaski kagqirha yokuhlinza, imaski engu-N95 yenziwa ngefabriki engatyibilikiyo ye-polypropylene.  Imaski yobuso ehambelanayo esetyenziswa kwi-European Union yi-FFP2 respirator. 

## Iingcebiso zoMbutho wezeMpilo
Imibutho yezempilo iye yacebisa ukuba abantu bagqume umlomo kunye nempumlo ngengqiniba egobileyo okanye nge-tissue xa bekhohlela okanye bethimla, balahle i-tissue kwangoko.  

Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza iyacetyiswa kwabo banokuba bosulelekile,   njengoko ukunxiba imaski kunokunciphisa umyinge kunye nokuhamba umgama kwamachaphaza aphuma emlonyeni athi asasazeke xa uthetha, uthimla, naxa ukhohlela.

## Iingcebiso zoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi
Ingcebiso yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kuluntu phantsi kwemeko ye-COVID-19 ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kweemaski kuphela phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

* Ukuba usempilweni, kuya kufuneka unxibe imaski kuphela ukuba ukhathalela umntu onesifo esosulelayo sika-2019-nCoV.
* Nxiba imaski ukuba uyakhohlela okanye uyathimla.
* Imaski isebenza ngcono xa isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa nokuhlamba rhoqo izandla ngesenithayiza enotywala yezandla okanye ngesepha kunye namanzi.
* Ukuba unxiba imaski, kufuneka uyazi ukuba uyisebenzisa njani kwaye uyilahle njani ngokufanelekileyo.

## Ukusetyenziswa kwemaski kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe kunye nomda e-Afrika

* eBenin: Ukususela nge-8 ka-Epreli, abasemagunyeni e-Benin baqala ngokunyanzelisa kokunxitywa kweemaski zobuso ukunqanda i-coronavirus.
* eCameroon: USodolophu wesiXeko saseCameroon ubhengeze ukuba ukunxitywa kwemaski kuyanyanzeleka ukucothisa ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus.
* eDemocratic Republic of Congo: Ukunxiba imaski ngoku kunyanzelekile kulo lonke ikomkhulu.
* e-Ethiopia: IBhunga laBaphathiswa lityikitye umthetho wokuba ukuxhawulana izandla makupheliswe kwaye kunyanzeliswe ukunxitywa kweemaski zobuso kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.
* eGuinea: Umongameli wase-Guinea u-Alfa Conde uthathe isigqibo sokuba ukunxiba iimaski kunyanzelekile.
* eKenya: Ukunxiba imaski yobuso kunyanzelekile. Urhulumente wenze abantu baseKenya ukuba bahlole kabukhali ukungasondelelani koluntu okuthe kwangqineka njengenye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela umngcipheko wosulelo.
* eLiberia: Ukusuka nge 21-Epreli, kunyanzelekile ukuba unxibe imaski yobuso okanye ugqumathele esidlangalaleni.
* Morocco: Ukunxiba imaski yobuso kunyanzelekile.

## References