Ibhaluni

**Ibhaluni** sisikhongozeli esithambileyo esisetyenziselwa ukuvalela igesi. Inokuzaliswa nge-helium, i-hydrogen okanye umoya. Iibhaluni ezincinci zihlala zisetyenziselwa amaqela okanye njengamathoyizi, ngelixa iibhaluni ezinkulu, ezifana neebhaluni zomoya oshushu, zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha kunye neenjongo zokuzonwabisa. Ukongeza, iibhaluni zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanya i-meteorology, amayeza, kunye nokhuselo lomkhosi. Iimpawu zeebhaluni, ezifana nokuxinana kwazo okuphantsi kunye neendleko, zikhokelele kuluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. Olunye usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lweebhaluni lubandakanya ukuhombisa, intengiso, iithoyi zabantwana, kunye nesitya sokugcina iigesi. Iibhaluni zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zonyango, ezifana neekhathetha zebhaluni kunye ne-tamponade yebhaluni. Ukongezelela, zazisetyenziselwa imisebenzi yasemkhosini kunye ne-aerospace, kunye nezothutho kunye nemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa. Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lweebhaluni luzenza zibe sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo nesisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

## Imbali

Imbali yeebhaluni inokulandelelwa emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-bladders yezilwanyana kunye namathumbu ukwenza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yebhaluni yokuqala ngama-Aztec. Noko ke, uphuhliso lwale mihla lweebhaloni lwaqala ngokwenziwa kweebhaloni zerabha nguMichael Faraday ngowe-1824 ukuze zisetyenziswe kuvavanyo lwakhe lwehydrogen eRoyal Institution eLondon.  UFaraday wabeka amaphepha amabini erabha phezu komnye, wawazalisa nge-hydrogen, kwaye waphawula "amandla abo anyukayo".

Ngomnyaka we-1830, umenzi werabha uThomas Hancock wazisa iibhaluni zerabha zerabha kwimarike ngokwenza ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wenkqubo yokugalela irabha phezu kokungunda okanye ukudipha ukubumba kulwelo lwelatex.  Ngowe-1847, uJ. I-Ingram yaseLondon yaqalisa ukuvelisa imodeli yokuqala yeebhaloni zokudlala zanamhlanje, ezazingachatshazelwa lutshintsho lobushushu.

UNeil Tillotson, umseki weTillotson Rubber Company, wayila indlela yokuvelisa ngobuninzi iibhaluni zelatex ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. Uqale wenza iibhaluni ezili-15 zika "Tilly Cat" ezimile okwentloko yekati kwiparade yoSuku lwePatrioti ka-1931.  Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iibhaloni zazisetyenziselwa ukuzonwabisa nokuhombisa, yaye iisoseji zokuqala ziveliswa ngowe-1912.  Ukuthandwa kweebhaluni kuye kwanda ngenkulungwane yama-20, ngokuqaliswa kweebhaluni zefoil ngeminyaka yoo-1970.

Namhlanje, iibhaluni zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nerabha, i-latex, i-polychloroprene okanye ilaphu lenayiloni, kwaye zinokuza ngemibala emininzi eyahlukeneyo.  Zisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amayeza, i-meteorology, umkhosi, kunye nezothutho, kunye nokuzonwabisa kunye nokuhombisa.

## Ukuzalisa ibhaluni

Iibhaluni zizaliswe nge-helium, i-hydrogen okanye umoya, kodwa i-hydrogen iyingozi ngenxa yokutshisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-helium ibiza kakhulu kwaye ibhaluni ezaliswe yi-helium iyancipha ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, indlela eyaziwayo yokuzalisa ibhaluni ngumoya (ibhaluni inokuvuswa ngomlomo okanye impompo)

## Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ebhaluni kunye neenzuzo zeluti

Ukuvuthela ibhaluni ngomlomo kuyilungele saluti kuba isebenzisa izihlunu ze-intercostal, ezandisa kwaye ziphakamise iimbambo kunye ne-diaphragm, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemiphunga kunye nokugcwala kwe-oxygen. Lo msebenzi unokuphucula i-posture, ukuzinza kunye neendlela zokuphefumla, kwaye unceda ukwandisa umthamo wemiphunga, okwenza kube luncedo kwiimeko ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis, i-COPD okanye i-asthma. Ukongezelela, isenzo sokuvuthela ibhaluni sikhuthaza ukuphefumla okunzulu, okunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba, ukuphucula impilo yenhliziyo, kunye nokwandisa umthamo wemiphunga. Ukongezelela, i-inflation ye-balloon iphikisana ne-diaphragm yokuphefumula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inceda ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwe-intra-esiswini, okwenza kube ngumsebenzi oluncedo wokubuyisela kunye nokusebenza kokuphefumula.

## fontoj