Magema Magwaza Fuze

**UMagema Magwaza Fuze** (imihla yakhe yokudla ubomi 1840 – 1922) wayengumbhali wencwadi esihloko sayo sithi - *Abantu Abamnyama Lapa Bavela Ngakona.* Le yincwadi yokuqala eyathi yabhalwa ngolwimi  lwesiZulu, yaphinda yapapashwa ngumntu ontetho yakhe ikwalolo lwimi lwesintu, isiZulu.  

Wazalelwa kwaZulu, waza wathi xa kanye akule ntanga yokonakalelwa lilizwi, eneshumi elinesibini leminyaka ezelwe, wakhuliswa nguBhishophu u-uJohn William Colenso waza waguqulelwa kwinkolo yobuKrestu. Emva kokuba eziphothulile izifundo zakhe emishini, waba sele eqeqeshelwa ukuba ngumshicileli nomqambi kwiziko likaColenso ekwakushicilelwa kulo, phambi kokuba ayekuqala ukuzivulela elakhe ishishini lokushicelela. .  Waabhala intaphane yamaphepha-ndaba esiZulu, waza ngomnyaka ka-1896 waya kwisiqithi sase-Saint Helena, apho wabangunobhala kaDinuzulu Cetshwayo, ikumkani yamaZulu, waza wabuyela eNatal ngo-1898. 

*Le ncwadi yakhe isihloko sayo sithi Abantu Abamnyama* yaapapashwa ngo-1922, yaza yaguqulelwa kulwimi lwesiNgesi ngowe-1979. Ichazwe njengomnye wemithombo ephambili kwimbali yamaZulu. 

## Ubomi bakhe
UMagema Magwaza Fuze wazalwa kufutshane nasemMgungundlovu (ePietermaritzburg) kwaZulu, phaya kwiminyaka yoo-1840, ezalwa nguMagwaza, unyana kaMatomela, ongunyana kaThoko. AmaFuze laa ke wona aye eziinzalelwane zakwaNgcobo. Akukho nto yaziwayo ngonina amzalayo.  Igama lakhe awalithiywa ngabazali bakhe nguManawami, kodwa ke wanikwa igama lesiteketiso elithi Skelemu, gama elo elathathwa kwigama  lesiBhulu elithi *skelm*, ekubizwa ngalo isikhohlakali okanye umkhohlisi. Waxelela abazali bakhe ukuba akazukukhuliswa ekhaya kodwa uzakusebenzela indoda yomlungu ebalulekileyo. *Le ncwadi yakhe isihloko sayo sithi Abantu Abamnyama* yaapapashwa ngo-1922, yaza yaguqulelwa kulwimi lwesiNgesi ngowe-1979. Ichazwe njengomnye wemithombo ephambili kwimbali yamaZulu. 

UFuze loo uthe esakuba ne-12 leminyaka, wathathwa ngumfo omhlophe, uJohn William Colenso, ngeenjongo zokumkhulisela kuye. Into ka-Colenso iBhishophu yokuqala eNatali. Unyaka wokuzalwa kukaMagema, waaqikelelwa nguColenso, kuba esithi udibene nomfo kaFuze okokuqala ngqa, eminyaka ili-12 ubudala. UColenso wamshumayeza uMagema, emguqulela kubuKristu, waza wambhaptiza ngo-1859, wamnika eli gama lesiZulu lithi Magema. UColenso akazange awathiye magama esiNgesi okanye amagama aseBhayibhileni amaKrestu awawaguqulayo. Wayefundiswe e-Ekukhanyeni ("indawo yokukhanyiselwa") kwisikhululo semishini.  

## Ubizo lwakhe
Ngeminyaka yoo-1850, uFuze waqeqeshelwa ukuba ngumbhali wemibhalo eshicilelweyo kwiphepha-ndaba likaColenso elishicilelwayo. Waqala ukubhala ngesiZulu eselula kakhulu, kwaye wazikhethela ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe isiZulu kuphela kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe yokubhala. Inqaku lakhe lokuqala laba sisincoko esichaza ngendlela ekuphilwa ngayo Ekukhanyeni imihla ngemihla. Elinye inqaku lokuqala liphantsi kwesihloko esithi *Amazwi abantu.* Eli linqaku eligeencoko zemihla ngemihla eziqhutywa ngolwimi lwesiZulu. Waqala ukuvela umfo ka-Fuze ngombhalo oshicilelweyo kwincwadi ka J.W Colenso eyapapashwa ngo-1860, esihloko sayo sithi "Iingxelo ezintathu ngobumveli", (ngesiNgesi sithi *Three Native accounts* (1860), ephokoza amava akhe ngotyelelo  lukaColenso eKing Mpande ngo-1859.

Washicilela iiBhayibhile esebenzisa oomatshini bokushicilela Ekukhanyeni ngelixa uColenso wayesathe tsi gxada eNgilane, waza wathi kamva wavula ishishini lakhe lokushicilela eMgungundlovu  Ingxelo awayinikayo  ngokundwendwela kwakhe kwaZulu ngomnyaka ka-1877 yapapashwa *kwiMagazini kaMacMillan* ngo-1878 phantsi kwesihloko sayo esithi "Ukundwendwela uKumkani uCetshwayo." Ubuye wabhala iileta kunye namanqaku waza wapapasha konke kumaphepha-ndaba afana *ne-Ilanga laseNatala* kunye *ne-Ipepo Lo Hlanga* . 

Ngo-1896 waya kwisiqithi sase- Saint Helena ukuba abe ngunobhala kuDinuzulu kaCetshwayo, ikumkani  yamaZulu, eyabhacela esiqithini emva kokukhokhela uqhankqalazo.  Uthe ke esesesiqithini njalo uMagema, wanxibelelana no-Alice Werner wesikolo sezifundo ngezinto zengingqi.  Wabuyela eNatala kunye noDinuzulu e-SS , ekuqaleni kuka-1898. 

Emva komnyaka ka-1900 *uFuze* wabhala incwadi esihloko sayo sithi *Abantu Abamnyama Lapa Bavela Ngakhona.* ukubhala kwakhe le ncwadi yayikukusabela *isicelo sabafundi bamanqaku akhe njengentatheli. Kodwa ayizange ipapashwe ngoko nangoko ngenxa yokunqongophala kweentsiba, imali ke ngamanye amazwi.*  Yada yaba iyapapashwa bucala ngo-1922. Ngokubhala le ncwadi, umfo kaFuze waba ngumbhali wokuqala ezimbalini ukuba athi entetho yakhe isisiZulu, abe epapashe incwadi ayibhale kwangolwimi lwesiZulu.   Yathi yakuba ibhaliwe le ncwadi, yaphicothwa ngeenjongo zokuba iphononongwe nguAlice Werner *kwiJenali yombutho engentlalo yaseAfrika.* Olu phononongo lwaba yinxalenye yophicotho lwamanqaku phakathi kwamanye amanqaku ambalwa awathi aphononongwa ngelo xesha. kodwa ke akuzange kuqhubeke oku ngo-1931. Ngo-1979, le ncwadi yaapapashwa ngesiNgesi licandelo leYunivesithi yaseNatala elipapasha imisebenzi ebhaliweyo neshicilelweyo, kwithala leencwadi elalibizwa ngokuba yi-Killie Campbell laseAfrana kwaye isihloko sayo saaguqulelwa esiNgesini sathi *The Black People and Whence they Came: A Zulu view in a translation.* Yaathi yaguqulelwa esiNgesini nguHarry Camp Lugg, waza yena unjingalwazi Trevor Cope wenza izilungiso apho kufanelekileyo.

UHlonipha Mokoena weYunivesithi yase Witwatersrand uyichaza le ncwadi njengebaluleke kakhulu. Uthi ukubaluleka kwayo akuphelelanga nje ekusebenziseni ulwimi lwesiZulu, kodwa umongo wayo ngembali yolwimi lwesiZulu wenza okokuba ibe ngomnye wemithombo yokuqala ngembali kaZulu. Kusenjalo ngumzekelo womsebenzi weqela phakathi kwamanye amaqela abantu abathi baguqulwa njengamakholwa ukuba babengamaKrestu kwimfundo yasemishini eyayiqhutywa eMzantsi Afrika. Olu ke yaaba luphawu lotshintsho ukusuka kwisithethe somlomo ukuya kwinkcubeko yokufunda nokubhala. 

## Ukusutywa kwakhe kukufa kunye nomzila awawushiyayo
UFuze usweleke ngo-1922.  Ukukhethwa kwamaphepha akhe kwaabanjelwa kwingqokolela yokubhaliweyo eyayisenziwa nguCampbell kwiYunivesithi yaKwaZulu-Natala.  Ngo-2011, kweenziwa i*mbali* ngobomi bakhe, phantsi kwesihloko esithi: *uMagema Fuze: ukwenziwa kwengcali elikholwa, (NgesiNgesi: The making of a kholwa Intellectual) ngokubhalwa nguMokoena, yaza yapapashwa liziko loshicilelo elipapasha okubhaliweyo phantsi kweYunivesithi yakwaZulu Natala. T*   

## Nantsi imisbenzi echongelwe le ngxelo

* "Indaba Ka'Magema" & "Ibali likaMagema" kuJohn William Colenso, iiNdaba eziNtsundu zoTyelelo *loBhishophu waseNatali ngoSeptemba nango-Okthobha, ngo-1859, eya ku-Umpande, uKumkani wamaZulu & c* . 1860. Iphepha 1–13 kunye nep. 107-121.
* "Utyelelo kuKing Ketshwayo", iMagMillan *<nowiki/>'s Magazine*, ngo-1878.
* *Abantu Abamnyama Lapa Bavela Ngakona* . Ipapashwe ngasese, 1922.
* *Abantu abaMnyama kunye nalapho bavela khona* . Iguqulelwe nguHarry Camp Lugg kwaye ihlelwe ngu-Anthony Trevor Cope. IYunivesithi yaseNatal Press, eMgungundlovu, 1979. (Ithala leencwadi likaKillie Campbell Africana. Uthotho lwenguqulelo, uNombolo 1)