Makhanda (Nxele)

## Ukuzalwa nempilo yakhe

UMakhanda (ngamanye amaxesha obizwa Makana), okwabizwa ngokuba nguNxele (obelinxele) wayephila malunga nonyaka we-1790 ukuya kowe-1820. Wayelichule lenkokheli yemikhosi kwaXhosa, iciko, isilumko negqirha lemfazwe. Wanceda uNdlambe ekuqinisekiseni inkxaso yakhe kumaRharhabe nasekoyiseni umtshana kaNdlambe, inkosi yamaRharhabe uNgqika kwimfazwe yamaLinde ngowe-1818. Athi amaBritani xa engenelela kwicala lika **Ngqika**, uMakhanda wakhokela uhlaselo ngamandla lweKoloni eyayiphantsi kolawulo lwamaBritani.

## <big>Imvelaphi</big>

**UMakhanda** waye ngunyana kaBalala, iqhakancu elalingathathi ntweni elalisebenzela umfama oliBhulu. Ezinye zendawo uMakhanda owayehlala kuzo ziquka iQhaqhiwa ekwisithili saseTinarha kwiPhondo lwaseKoloni. Ekuqaleni wayeyindoda mfazi mnye, ekuhambeni kwexesha uMakhanda waphela enabafazi abane. 

## <big>Inkolo yakhe</big>

UMakhanda, njengesithethi esinempembelelo, waqala ukuphangela njenge gqirha elalifuna ukuba nesiphiwo sokumazi uThixo ngaphezulu. Izifundo zobuKrestu zaba nomtsalane kuye, ingakumbi inkolo yokuvuka kwabafileyo. UMakhanda wayefuna ukulungelelanisa izifundo zobuKrestu kunye nemvelaphi eyayishunyayelwa ziimishinari zeseYurophu kwizifundo zase-Afrika kwakunye nemvelaphi yazo njengokuchazwe kwiinkolo zesiXhosa nezamaQhakancu. Njengamanye ama-Afrika amaninzi athe anomdla kwimfundiso zobuKrestu ngaphambi nasemva kwakhe, Waqala walandela ubuKrestu  ngozondelelo, ekhuthaza **[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rharhabe amaRharhabe]** ukuba mabalahle ukusebenzisa ubugqi neemfazwe.

## <big>Indima yakhe ezifundweni zenkolo</big>

Kufuphi kunyaka we-1812 uMakhanda wazibandakanya nabalandeli bakaNdlambe njenge Gqirha, uMncebisi noZanemvula waze wazuza ubutyebi. Xeshikweni ezibandakanya koluhambo iinjongo zakhe yayikukhangela ukuba abantu abamhlophe babewafumana phi na amandla okuziphindaphinda emvelo nalawo angaphezulu kwemvelo elizwe laseYurophu kwiKoloni. Waye watyondyotha **ngezifundo zobufundisi** kunye nezemvelaphi yehlabathi noMfundisi uVanderlingen owayenguMfundisi womkhosi eRhini kunye noJohn Read awayenguMvangeli wasentshona, labe inani labalandeli kunye nefuthe lakhe kumaRharhabe lisanda. Ukuzothi ga kunyaka we-1816 wabona abavangeli base Ntshona njengabantu abasebenzela injongo enye.

Kuthe ngomnyaka we-1816 kwaqala kwakho utshintsho kubudlelwane phakathi kwakhe nabantu abamhlophe kunye nemishinari. UMakhanda wayezibona njengomntu onesipho esahlukileyo, kwaye wayeziva engamkelekanga kwimishinari. Waqala ubeka uxanduva olukhulu kwizithethe neenkolelo zaseAfrika http://www.pewforum.org/2010/04/15/traditional-african-religious-beliefs-and-practices-islam-and-christianity-in-sub-saharan-africa/. Ngokuhlanganisa amava akhe ezithethe kunye neenkolelo, uye wenza ingxelo ecacileyo, ecacisa ingxabano phakathi kwamaAfrika naba seYurophu https://web.archive.org/web/20160507110841/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/eureferendum/11617720/definition.html.

Uguqule impixano eyayivela phakathi kwabaseNtshona kunye namaAfrika ngendlela ababembona ngayo uThixo, uthixo wabamhlophe kunye noMdaliphu uthixo wabanyama. Abamhlophe bambulala unyana wothixo wabo njenge singqinisekiso sokubethelelwa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni. Yilonto abantu abamhlophe bagxothwa kumazwe abo babekwa embindini wamanzi apho bathe baphelela eMzantsi Afrika ukuza koyisa nokuxutha umhlaba kubantu abamnyama kodwa uMdalidiphu waye nguThixo onamandla owayenceda abantu abamnyama ukubuyisela abamhlophe apho basuka khona. UMdaliphu wabacebisa ukuba banqule ngokuxhentsa, ukonwabela ubomi, ukwenza uthando ukuze baqhame bawuzalise umhlaba.

## <big>Ukungevani koMakhanda noNgqika</big>

Emandleni efuthe likaMakhanda, njengamcebisi kaNdlambe, wancedisa ekubumbeni abantu ukuze balwe ngokuchasene noNgqika owayengumxhasi wekoloniyali. UNgqika wayesaziwa ngokuthanda utywala, yaye babemchasile ngokwenza umbulo noThuthula owayengumfazi omncinci kaNdlambe, njengoko wayengumtya nethunga namaBritani kwiphondo. Oko kwamenza onyeliseke ekuthwaleni igugu lamaRharhabe. Ngaphandle koko, uMakhanda wayemthiyile uNgqika kuba wayengumboneleli kutshaba lwakhe elalisisilumko nengcali kwezeLizwi, uNtsikana.

## <big>Ukubhukuqwa kwabalandeli bakaNgqika </big>

Umanyano oluxhasa uNdlambe lwaluquke uGcaleka phantsi komyalelo kaHintsa. Ngenyanga yeDwarha ngonyaka we-1818 abalandeli bakaNgqika balukuhlwa ngaphandle kwenqaba yabo yokuzikhusela kumathafa aseAmalinde nakwimfazwe yakhona eyalandela, iilahleko ezinkulu yayi zizenzo kubalandeli bakaNgqika.