Ukungondleki

**Ukungondleki** yimeko ebangelwa kukutya ukutya okungenazondlo zaneleyo okanye okunezondlo ezininzi gqitha kangangokude zibangele iingxaki zempilo. Izondlo ezibandakanyekileyo zinokuquka: iikhalori, iprotini, iikhabhohayidreti, iivitamin okanye iiminerali. Zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngokukhethekileyo ukubhekisela **ekungondlekini** apho kungekho zikhalori zaneleyo, iiprotini okanye iimicronutrients; noko ke, ikwaquka ukondleka ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuba ukungondleki kuvela ebudeni mhlawumbi kokukhulelwa okanye ngaphambi kweminyaka emibini ubudala kunokubangela iingxaki ezingapheliyo zokukhula komzimba nengqondo. Ukungondleki okungaphaya kwengqondo, okubizwa ngokuba kukulamba, kunokuba neempawu eziquka: ubufutshane, ukuncipha komzimba, ukungabi namandla, nemilenze nesisu esidumbileyo. Kanti abantu badla ngokufumana izigulo yaye basoloko begodola. Iimpawu zokungabi naziimicronutrient zixhomekeka kwiimicronutrient ezingekhoyo.

Ukungondleki kudla ngokubangelwa ubukhulu becala kukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kokutya okukumgangatho ophezulu. Ixesha elininzi oku kunxulumene namaxabiso aphezulu okutya nendlala. Ukungancanciswa kunokuba negalelo, kanye njengeqela lezifo ezosulelayo ezifana: [nokudumba kwesisu namathumbu]], inyumoniya, imalariya nemasisi nto leyo eyandisa imfuneko yezondlo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokungondleki: ukungondleki kokuswela iprotini namandla nokuswela izondlo. Ukungondleki kokuswela iprotini namandla kuneendidi ezimbini ezimandla: imarasmus (nokuswela iprotini neekhalori) kwakunye nekwashiyoko (ukuswela nje iprotini). Ukuswela iimicronutrient eziqhelekileyo kuquka: ukuswela iayon, iayodin kunye ivitamin A. Ebudeni bokukhulelwa, ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuneko, ziba ninzi izinto oziswelayo. Kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo ukondleka okugqithiseleyo okubonakala ngokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kubonakala kubakho kwiindawo ezifanayo nokungondleki. Abanye oonobangela bokungondleki baquka ianorexia nervosa nebariatric surgery. Kubantu abasele bekhulile ukungondleki kuxhaphaka kakhulu ngenxa yenkalo zomzimba, ezengqondo nezokuhlala.

Imigudu yokuphucula izondlo iyenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zoncedo lophuhliso. Ukuncancisa kunokunciphisa imilinganiselo yokungondleki nokufa kwabantwana, nemigudu yokukhuthaza olu qheliselo iyanda. Kubantwana abancinane ukubanika ukutya ukongezelela kubisi lwebele phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu neminyaka emibini kuphucula imiphumo. Kukwakho nobungqina obuhle obuxhasa ukongezelela inani lezondlo ezincinane ebudeni bokukhulelwa nakubantwana abancinane kumazwe asakhasayo. Ukusa ukutya kubantu abakudinga kakhulu ukukuthuthela kubo nokubanika imali ukuze abantu bathenge ukutya kwimarike ezikufutshane nabo kunceda kakhulu. Ukusuka nje utyise abantu ezikolweni akwanelanga. Ukulawulwa kokungondleki okumandla emakhayeni abantu ukutya okulungele ukusetyenziswa okondlayo kuyenzeka amaxesha amaninzi. Kwabo banokungondleki okumandla okwenziwa kuthi kratya zezinye izigulo unyango luyanconyelwa. Oku kusoloko kuquka ukulawula umlinganiselo ophantsi weswekile, ubushushu bomzimba, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, nokutya ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwee-antibhayotiki kudla ngokunconyelwa ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokosulelwa. Amanyathelo exesha elide aquka: ukuphucula ezolimo, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu, ukuphucula ugutyulo, kunye ukunikwa kwamabhinqa amandla.

Kwakukho abantu abangondlekanga abazizigidi eziyi-925&nbsp;ehlabathini ngo-2010, ukwanda kwe-80&nbsp;yezigidi ukususela ngo-1990. Enye ibhiliyoni yabantu kuqikelelwa ukuba iswele iivithamini neminerali. Ngo-2010 ukuswela iprotini namandla kuqikelelwa ukuba kuye kwaphumela ekufeni kwabantu abayi-600,000 okuhle nge-883,000 ngo-1990. Okunye ukuswela izondlo, okuquka ukuswela iayodin kunye nokuswela iiseli ezibomvu ngenxa yokungabi na-ayoni, kuye kwabangela ukufa kwabanye abantu abayi-84,000. Ukususela ngo-2010 ukungondleki kwakungunobangela wako konke okuyi-1.4% ukukhubazeka kobomi. Malunga nesithathu sokufa kwabantwana kukholelwa ukuba kubangelwa kukungondleki; noko ke ukufa akufane kuchazwe njengonobangela. Ngo-2010 kwakuqikelelwa ukuba ukungondleki kuye kwanegalelo ekufeni kwamabhinqa nabantwana abamalunga ne-1.5 lezigidi nangona abanye beqikelela ukuba elo nani lingalikhulu kunezigidi eziyi-3&nbsp;. Abantwana abangakumbi abayi- 165&nbsp; abakhuli kakuhle ngenxa yesi sifo. Ukungondleki kuxhaphake ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo.

## Iimbekiselo