Termodinamika

Ha pisika, an **Termodinamika** (tikang ha Griniyego nga θερμ-<θερμότης, therme, kasirigngon "paso" ngan δυναμις, dynamis, kasirigngon "puwersa, kusog") usa nga pag-aram ha pagbalhin han enerhiya para mahimo nga trabaho ngan paso ngan iya relasyon ha makroskopiko nga mga variable sugad han temperatura ngan presyon.

## Kasaysayan
An Termodinamika bilang seyensya nagtikang kan Otto von Guericke na nagdesenyo ngan naghimo han giuunahi nga *vaccum pump* sadto 1650. ngan gindemonstrar an *vacuum* gamit an iya *Magdeburg hemispheres*. Ginhimo ni Guericke an *vacuum* para pahimuwaan an pagtuo ni Aristotle na *nature abhors a vacuum*. Naaraman han physicist-chemist na si Robert Boyle an desenyo ni Guericke's ngan ha 1656, sa bulig ni Robert Hooke, ginhimo an *air pump*. Gamit an *air pump*, nadiskubre nira Boyle ngan Hooke relasyon ha *pressure*, temperatura, ngan *volume*. Kasunod sini, nahimo an *Boyle's Law*, na nagsisiring na an gas sa *constant* na temperatura, an iya *pressure* ngan *volume* ano in *inversely proportional*.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya
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*Gibbs, J.W. (1875). On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances, *Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences*, **3**: 108–248.
*Grandy, W.T., Jr (2008). *Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems*, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-954617-6.
*Guggenheim, E.A. (1949/1967). *Thermodynamics. An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists*, (1st edition 1949) 5th edition 1967, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
*Haase, R. (1971). Survey of Fundamental Laws, chapter 1 of *Thermodynamics*, pages 1–97 of volume 1, ed. W. Jost, of *Physical Chemistry. An Advanced Treatise*, ed. H. Eyring, D. Henderson, W. Jost, Academic Press, New York, lcn 73–117081.
*Kondepudi, D., Prigogine, I. (1998). *Modern Thermodynamics. From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures*, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-97393-9.
*Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). *Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics*, Springer, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-540-74251-7.
*Partington, J.R. (1949). *An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry*, volume 1, *Fundamental Principles. The Properties of Gases*, Longmans, Green and Co., London.
*Pippard, A.B. (1957).  *The Elements of Classical Thermodynamics*, Cambridge University Press.
*Planck, M.(1897/1903). ''Treatise on Thermodynamics'', translated by A. Ogg, Longmans, Green & Co., London.
*Planck, M. (1923/1926). *Treatise on Thermodynamics*, third English edition translated by A. Ogg from the seventh German edition, Longmans, Green & Co., London.
*Serrin, J. (1986). *New Perspectives in Thermodynamics*, edited by J. Serrin, Springer, Berlin, ISBN 3-540-15931-2.
*Sommerfeld, A. (1952/1956). *Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics*, Academic Press, New York.
*Tschoegl, N.W. (2000). *Fundamentals of Equilibrium and Steady-State Thermodynamics*, Elsevier, Amsterdam, ISBN 0-444-50426-5.
*Tisza, L. (1966). *Generalized Thermodynamics*, M.I.T Press, Cambridge Massachusetts.
*Truesdell, C.A. (1980). *The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics, 1822–1854*, Springer, New York, ISBN 0-387-90403-4.

## Padugang nga barasahon

*  A nontechnical introduction, good on historical and interpretive matters.
*
* 
*Fermi, E. (1956).  *Thermodynamics*, Dover, New York.
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*  Thermodynamics Data & Property Calculation Websites 
* Thermodynamics OpenCourseWare from the University of Notre Dame
* Thermodynamics at ''ScienceWorld''
* Biochemistry Thermodynamics
* Engineering Thermodynamics – A Graphical Approach