Giuseppe Verdi

Hi **Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi** (Oktubre 10, 1813 – Enero 27, 1901) usa nga Italyano nga kompositor. Hiya an pinaka-impluwensyal nga api han ika-19 nga siglo nga Italyano nga School of Opera. An iya mga buhat ginpapasundayag hin kasagaran ha mga balayan hin opera ha bug-os nga kalibutan ngan, naglabaw han mga katubtoban han  *genre*, pira han iya mga tema naginpermanente ha kultura popular - sugad han "La donna è mobile" tikang han *[[Rigoletto (opera)|Rigoletto]]*. Ha panalagsaon gintamayan hiya han mga kritiko, han panahon han iya kinabuhi ngan ha yana, nga nasunod han mga karuyag han komon nga tawo, sobra ka simple ha textura chromatiko ngan waray alo nga pagkamelodramatiko, an kan Verdi mga obra maestra nadominar han standard nga *repertoire* usa ka siglo ngan tunga katapos han pagkomposo han mga ini.

## Mga Opera ni Verdi
* *[[Oberto (opera)|Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio]]* - Teatro alla Scala, Milan, 1839
* *[[Un Giorno di Regno]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1840
* *[[Nabucco]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1842
* *[[I Lombardi]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1843
* *[[Ernani]]* - Teatro La Fenice, Venesya 1844
* *[[I due Foscari]]* - Teatro Argentina, Roma, 1844
* *[[Giovanna d'Arco]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1845
* *[[Alzira]]* - Teatro San Carlo, Napoles, 1845
* *[[Attila (opera)|Attila]]* - Teatro La Fenice, Venesya, 1846
* *[[Macbeth (opera)|Macbeth]]* - Teatro della Pergola, Florensya, 1847
* *[[I masnadieri]]* - Her Majesty's Theatre, London, 1847
* *[[Jérusalem]]* - Académie Royale de Musique, Paris, 1847 (revisado nga bersyon han *[[I Lombardi]]*)
* *[[Il corsaro]]* - Teatro Grande, Trieste, 1848
* *[[La battaglia di Legnano]]* - Teatro Argentina, Roma, 1849
* *[[Luisa Miller]]* - Teatro San Carlo, Napoles, 1849
* *[[Stiffelio]]* - Teatro Grande, Trieste, 1850
* *[[Rigoletto]]* - Teatro La Fenice, Venesya,1851
* *[[Il trovatore]]* - Teatro Apollo, Roma, 1853
* *[[La traviata]]* - Teatro la Fenice, 1853
* *[[Les vêpres siciliennes]]* - Académie Royale de Musique, Paris, 1855
* *[[Le trouvère]]* - Académie Royale de Musique, Paris, 1857 (revisado nga bersyon han *[[Il trovatore]]* nga mayda ballet nga gindugang)
* *[[Simon Boccanegra]]* - Teatro La Fenice, Venesya, 1857 
* *[[Aroldo]]* - Teatro Nuovo, Rimini, 1857 (ginrevisar nga bersyon han *[[Stiffelio]]*)
* *[[Un ballo in maschera]]* - Teatro Apollo, Roma, 1859
* *[[La forza del destino]]* - Imperial Theater, San Petersburgo, 1862
* Macbeth - Theâtre Lyrique, Paris, 1865 (revisado nga bersyon)
* *[[Don Carlos]]* - Académie Royale de Musique Paris, 1867
* La forza del destino - Teatro alla Scala, Milan, 1869 (revisado nga bersyon)
* *[[Aida]]* - Khedivial Opera House Cairo, 1871
*  Don Carlo - Teatro San Carlo, Napoles, 1872 - (syahan nga revision han Don Carlos)
* *[[Simon Boccanegra]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1881 (ginreviso nga 1857 nga bersyon)
*  Don Carlo - Teatro alla Scala, Milan, 1884  (ikaduha nga pagrevisar, 4 ka Acta nga bersyon)
*  Don Carlo - Teatro Municipale, Modena, 1886 (ikatulo nga pagrevisar, 5 ka Acta nga bersyon)
* *[[Otello]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1887
* *[[Falstaff (opera)|Falstaff]]* - Teatro alla Scala, 1893

## Mga reperensya
**Pinanbasaran**

**Mga pagkukuhaan**

*Baldini, Gabriele, (trans. Roger Parker) (1980), *The Story of Giuseppe Verdi: Oberto to Un Ballo in Maschera*. Cambridge, *et al*: Cambridge University Press.  ISBN 0-521-29712-5
*Balthazar, Scott E. (ed.) (2004), *The Cambridge Companion to Verdi*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63535-6
*Black, John (1984), *The Italian Romantic Libretto: A Study of Salvadore Cammarano*, Edinburgh University Press, 1984 ISBN 978-0-85224-463-0 ISBN 0-85224-463-0
*Budden, Julian (1984), *The Operas of Verdi, Volume 1: From Oberto to Rigoletto*. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-31058-1.
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*Budden, Julian (1996), *Verdi*. New York: Schirmer Books (Master Musicians Series). ISBN 0028646169  ISBN 9780028646169 
*Carrara Verdi, G. (Ed.) (2002), *Giuseppe Verdi – Antonio Somma, Per il 'Re Lear' *, Parma, Istituto Nazionale di Studi Verdiani
*Casini, Claudio (1985), *Verdi*, Milan: Rusconi, 1982 ISBN 978-88-18-70061-9 ; Königstein: Athenäum, 1985 ISBN 3-7610-8377-7  
*Chusid, Martin, (Ed.) (1997), *Verdi’s Middle Period, 1849 to 1859*, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.  ISBN  0-226-10658-6  ISBN 0-226-10659-4
*Delgrada, Francesco, (Ed.) (2000), *Giuseppe Verdi: l'uomo, l'opera, il mito*, Milan, Skira. ISBN 88-8118-816-3 ISBN 978-88-8118-816-1 Catalogue from an exhibition at the Palazzo Reale.
*De Van, Gilles (trans. Gilda Roberts) (1998), *Verdi's Theater: Creating Drama Through Music*. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1998 ISBN 0-226-14369-4 (hardback), ISBN 0-226-14370-8
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*Kimbell, David R. B. (1981), *Verdi in the Age of Italian Romanticism*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521316782 ISBN 9780521316781 
*Kimbell, David, in Holden, Amanda (Ed.) (2001), *The New Penguin Opera Guide*, New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4
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*Kutsch, K. J. and Riemens, Leo (1969), *A Concise Biographical Dictionary of Singers: From the Beginning of Recorded Sound to the Present* (Trans. from German, expanded and annotated by Harry Earl Jones). Philadelphia, Chilton Book Company. ISBN 0-8019-5516-5.
*Martin, George (1984), * Verdi: His Music, Life and Times*, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1986 ISBN 0-396-08196-7 
*Marvin, Roberta Montemorra (ed.) (2013 & 2014), *The Cambridge Verdi Encyclopedia*, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51962-5. e-book: December 2013 / Hardcover: January 2014
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*Newman, Earnest (1930), *Stories of the Great Operas*. Philadelphia: The Blakinson Company
*Newark, Cormac (2013), "Scenic Dispositions: Verdi's changing attitude to opera production", *[[Opera (magazine)|Opera]]* (London), December, Volume 64, No. 12, pp.&nbsp;1557–1562.
*Osborne, Charles (1969) , *The Complete Opera of Verdi*, New York: Da Capo Press, Inc. ISBN 0-306-80072-1
*Parker, Roger (1998), "Verdi, Giuseppe" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), *The New Grove Dictionary of Opera*, Vol. Four. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
*Parker, Roger (1998), "*Due Foscari, I*" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), *[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]*, Vol. 1. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
*Parker, Roger (2007), *The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas*, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531314-7
*Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane (1993), *Verdi: A Biography*, London & New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-313204-4
* Polo, Claudia (2004), *Immaginari verdiani. Opera, media e industria culturale nell'Italia del XX secolo*, Milano: BMG/Ricordi. 
*Rosen, David (1995), *Verdi: Requiem*, Cambridge: Cambridge Music Handbooks. ISBN 978-0-521-39767-4
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*Tintori, Giampiero (1983), *Guida all'ascolto di Giuseppe Verdi*, Milano: Mursia. 
*Toscanini, Arturo (Ed. Harvey Sachs) (2002), *The letters of Arturo Toscanini*, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-40405-4
*Walker, Frank (1982), ''The Man Verdi'', New York: Knopf, 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87132-0 (link to full text)
*Werfel, Franz and Stefan, Paul (1973), *Verdi: The Man and His Letters*, New York: Vienna House. ISBN 0-8443-0088-8

**Verdi's life in and around Busseto**
*Associazione Amici di Verdi (ed.), *Con Verdi nella sua terra*, Busseto, 1997 
*"Busetto. Terra di Verdi": website of the Comune di Busetto, with information on many aspects of local life and events taking place.
*Maestrelli, Maurizio, *Guida alla Villa e al Parco* , publication of Villa Verdi, 2001
*Mordacci, Alessandra, *An Itinerary of the History and Art in the Places of Verdi*, Busseto: Busseto Tourist Office, 2001 
**Villa Verdi: the Visit* and *Villa Verdi: The Park; the Villa; the Room*, publications of the Villa Verdi. 
*Villa Verdi: Offical website  

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
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*Giuseppe Verdi official website 
*National Museum Giuseppe Verdi  - Busseto
*Stanford University list of Verdi operas, premiere locations and dates, etc. 
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*"Album Verdi" from the Digital Library of the National Library of Naples (Italy) 
*Digitised collection of Verdi libretti and scores collected by music bibliographer Cecil Hopkinson at National Library of Scotland
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*Detailed listing of complete recordings of Verdi's operas and of extended excerpts 
*"Verdi and Milan" , lecture by Roger Parker on Verdi, given at Gresham College, London 14 Mayo 2007
*Verdi cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library
*200th Anniversary Festival in Edmonton, Canada to celebrate Giuseppe Verdi's birth
*The website of the first iPhone and iPad app about Giuseppe Verdi and Milan, created with the patronage of the Municipality and the Province of Milan