Paghubad

Iton **paghubad** in komunikasyon hin mga kasirigngon han teksto han tinikangan-nga-linggwahe pinaagi han kapatas nga teksto ha gin-iigo-nga linggwahe.

## Pinanbasaran

كلاب

## Bibliograpiya
* Balcerzan, Edward, ed., *Pisarze polscy o sztuce przekładu, 1440-1974: Antologia* (Polish Writers on the Art of Translation, 1440-1974: an Anthology), Poznań, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1977.
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* Berman, Antoine, *L'épreuve de l'étranger. Culture et traduction dans l'Allemagne romantique: Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin.*, Paris, Gallimard, Essais, 1984, ISBN 978-2-07-070076-9.  Excerpted in English in Lawrence Venuti, editor, *The Translation Studies Reader*, 2002 (2nd edition, 2004).
* Berman, Antoine, *Pour une critique des traductions: John Donne*. Paris: Gallimard, 1995. Translated into English by Françoise Massardier-Kenney as *Toward a Translation Criticism: John Donne*. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2009.
* Billiani, Francesca, *Ethics.* In: *Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies.* New York & London: Routledge, 2001.
* Cohen, J.M., "Translation", *[[Encyclopedia Americana]]*, 1986, vol. 27, pp.&nbsp;12–15.
* Darwish, Ali, "Towards a Theory of Constraints in Translation," 1999. (@turjuman Online)
* Galassi, Jonathan *et al.*, "*Como Conversazione*: On Translation," *The Paris Review*, 2000, no. 155, ISSN 0031-2037, pp.&nbsp;255–312. Poets and critics Seamus Heaney, Charles Tomlinson, Tim Parks and others discuss the theory and practice of translation.
* Gouadec, Daniel, *Translation as a Profession*, Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2007, ISBN 978-90-272-1681-6.
* Kasparek, Christopher, "The Translator's Endless Toil", *[[The Polish Review]]*, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, pp.&nbsp;83–87. Includes a discussion of European-language cognates of the term, "translation".
* Kasparek, Christopher, "Prus' *Pharaoh* and Curtin's Translation," *[[The Polish Review]]*, vol. XXXI, nos. 2–3 (1986), pp.&nbsp;127–35.
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* Miłosz, Czesław, *The History of Polish Literature*, 2nd ed., Berkeley, University of California Press, 1983, ISBN 0-520-04477-0.
* Najder, Zdzisław, *Joseph Conrad:  A Life*, translated by Halina Najder, Rochester, New York, Camden House, 2007, ISBN 1-57113-347-X.
* Parks, Tim, *Translating Style: A Literary Approach to Translation—A Translation Approach to Literature*, Manchester, St. Jerome, 2007, ISBN 1-905763-04-2.
* Pei, Mario, *The Story of Language*, with an Introduction by Stuart Berg Flexner, revised ed., New York, New American Library, 1984, ISBN 0-452-25527-9.
* Piron, Claude, *Le défi des langues — Du gâchis au bon sens* (The Language Challenge: From Chaos to Common Sense), Paris, L'Harmattan, 1994.
* Rose, Marilyn Gaddis, guest editor, *Translation: Agent of Communication* (a special issue of *Pacific Moana Quarterly*, 5:1), 1980.
* Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (2008), ed. Mona Baker, Gabriela Saldanha, Routledge ISBN 978-0-415-36930-5
* Schleiermacher, Friedrich, , 1813, reprinted as "On the Different Methods of Translating" in Lawrence Venuti, editor, *The Translation Studies Reader*, 2002, 2nd edition 2004.
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* Snell-Hornby, Mary, and Jürgen F. Schopp, "Translation", *[[European History Online]]*, Mainz, Institute of European History, 2013, retrieved 29 August 2013.
* Tatarkiewicz, Władysław, *A History of Six Ideas: an Essay in Aesthetics*, translated from the Polish by Christopher Kasparek, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1980, ISBN 83-01-00824-5.
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## Mga sumpay ha gawas

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*  1920 text by Flora Ross Amos from the series *Columbia University studies in English and comparative literature.*
* UNESCO Clearing House for Literary Translation
*Guide to Translation of Legal Materials 
*List of universities in Europe and North America offering translation courses 
*Glossary of Translation Terms, English, Spanish and Definitions
* Maghuhubad