open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Utok

An **utok** (Iningles:Brain) (Pambansa:Utak) amo an butnga han sistima nerbyoso ha ngatanan nga bertebrado ngan agsob nga imbertebrado nga mga hayop.

Aada ha sulud han bungo, luyu han agtang.

(Iningles:Brain)

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Brain Museum, comparative mammalian brain collection
* BrainInfo, neuroanatomy database
* Neuroscience for Kids
* BrainMaps.org, interactive high-resolution digital brain atlas of primate and non-primate brains
* The Brain from Top to Bottom, at McGill University
* The HOPES Brain Tutorial, at Stanford University
* http://braininjuryhelp.com/video-tutorial/brain-injury-help-video-tutorial/
Shia Islam

An **Shia Islam** amo an ikaduha nga gidadako-i nga denominasyon han Islam, sunod ha Sunni Islam.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga reperensya
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* 

## Padugang nga barasahon
* Peter J. Chelkowski (ed.), *Eternal Performance: Taziyah and Other Shiite Rituals* (Salt lake City (UT), Seagull Books, 2010) (Seagull Books - Enactments).
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## Mga sumpay ha Gawas

* Shafaqna: International Shia News Agency
*English language website 
* YaHusain.com, Shia Website with informative lectures in English & Urdu
* Islamic - Shia Website 
* Al-Islam.org, A Digital Islamic Library
* The Shiapedia, an online Shia encyclopedia 
* Murajaat - A Shi'i/Sunni debate 
* Patheos Library – Shi'a Islam
* shiasource.com
* Imam Al-Khoei Foundation (Twelver)
* Official Website of Nizari Ismaili  (Ismaili)
* Official Website of Alavi Bohra (Ismaili)
* Dawoodi Bohra (Ismaili)
* The Institute of Ismaili Studies  (Ismaili)
*
* al-shia.org  Ahlulbayt Global Informations Center
Sunni Islam

An **Sunni Islam** amo an gidadako-i nga denominasyon han Islam. Tatudlok liwat ini ha **Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘ah** (Inarabo: أهل السنة والجماعة‎ "katawhan han ehemplo (han Muhammad) ngan han komonidad") o Ahl as-Sunnah (Inarabo: أهل السنة‎) ha halipot. An pulong nga Sunni nagtikang ha pulong nga Sunnah (Inarabo: سنة‎), nga may kasirigngon nga mga pulong ngan binuhatan o ehemplo han Propeta Islam Muhammad.
Euro

An **Euro** (€) amo an ika duha nga gidadako-i nga salapi reserva ngan ika duha nga ginbabalyoan nga salapi ha kalibutan sunod ha Dolyar Amerikana.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

* Simonazzi, A. and Vianello, F. [2001], “Financial Liberalization, the European Single Currency and the Problem of Unemployment”, in: Franzini, R. and Pizzuti, R.F. (eds.), *Globalization, Institutions and Social Cohesion*, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, ISBN 3-540-67741-0.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*   

; Mga opisyal nga websayt
* Eurozone official portal 
* The euro&nbsp;– Europa
* European Central Bank - Euro Exchange Rates
* European Central Bank
Dolyar han Estados Unidos

An **Dolyar han Estados Unidos** (tigaman: $; kodigo: USD) amo an sukol han salapi ha Estados Unidos. Ini an salapi nga agsob gamiton ha negosyohan kanasuran.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon

*

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing
* U.S. Currency and Coin Outstanding and in Circulation 
* U.S. Treasury page with images of all current banknotes 
* American Currency Exhibit at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank 
* Relative values of the US dollar, from 1790 to 2006
* Summary of BEP Production Statistics
* U.S. Currency tracking experiment
* 50 Factors that Affect the Value of the US Dollar – Currency Trading.net 
* Askar Akaev forecasts the collapse of US dollar in December 2012
*    

### Mga imahe han pananalapi ngan sinsilyo han Estados Unidos
* U.S. Bureau of Engraving: Banknotes 
* U.S. Mint:  Image Library
Pananalapi

An **pananalapi** amo an sukol han kwarta o salapi han usa ka nasod o unyod para makapalit ngan makabaligya hin papliton ngan serbisyo.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* 
*
Shiva

Hi **Shiva** usa ka dako nga diyos han Hindu ngan usa ka aspeto han Trimurti. Ha tradisyon nga Shaiva han Hinduismo, hi Shiva amo an supremo nga Diyos.
Yoga

An **yoga** (Sinanskrit, Pāli: योग yóga) amo an mga tradisyon pisikal ngan mental nga disiplina nga nagtikang ha Indya.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga pagkukuhaan

* 
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*  Reprint edition; Originally published under the title of "The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy."
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* Worthington, Vivian (1982). *[http://books.google.com/books?id=5aI9AAAAIAAJ A History of Yoga]*. Routledge. ISBN 0-7100-9258-X.
* Wynne, Alexander "The Origin of Buddhist Meditation." Routledge, 2007, ISBN 1-134-09741-7.
*  Bollingen Series XXVI; Edited by Joseph Cambell.
* Zydenbos, Robert. *Jainism Today and Its Future*. München: Manya Verlag, 2006. p.&nbsp;66

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*
DNA

An **Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)** amo an usa ka aksido nucleic nga nabubutangan hin surundan henetiko nga gingagamit ha pagpadako ngan pagbuhat han ngatanan nga may kinabuhi upod han iba nga birus. An panuyuan han molikulo DNA amo an panihaan nga paghipos han mga impormasyon.

## Dugang nga barasahon

*
*
*
* Judson, Horace F. 1979. *The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology*. Touchstone Books, ISBN 0-671-22540-5. 2nd edition: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996 paperback: ISBN 0-87969-478-5.
*, first published in October 1974 by MacMillan, with foreword by Francis Crick;the definitive DNA textbook,revised in 1994 with a 9 page postscript
*Micklas, David. 2003. *DNA Science: A First Course*. Cold Spring Harbor Press: ISBN 978-0-87969-636-8
*
*
* Rosenfeld, Israel. 2010. *DNA: A Graphic Guide to the Molecule that Shook the World*. Columbia University Press: ISBN 978-0-231-14271-7
* Schultz, Mark and Zander Cannon. 2009. *The Stuff of Life: A Graphic Guide to Genetics and DNA*. Hill and Wang: ISBN 0-8090-8947-5
*
* Watson, James. 2004. *DNA: The Secret of Life*. Random House: ISBN 978-0-09-945184-6
*

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* 
* DNA binding site prediction on protein
* DNA the Double Helix Game From the official Nobel Prize web site
* DNA under electron microscope
* Dolan DNA Learning Center
* Double Helix: 50 years of DNA, *[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]*
* 
* 
*ENCODE threads explorer  ENCODE Home page. Nature (journal)
* Double Helix 1953–2003  National Centre for Biotechnology Education
* Genetic Education Modules for Teachers—*DNA from the Beginning* Study Guide
* 
* Rosalind Franklin's contributions to the study of DNA
* U.S. National DNA Day—watch videos and participate in real-time chat with top scientists
*Clue to chemistry of heredity found The New York Times June 1953. First American newspaper coverage of the discovery of the DNA structure
* 
* DNA from the Beginning Another DNA Learning Center site on DNA, genes, and heredity from Mendel to the human genome project.
* The Register of Francis Crick Personal Papers 1938&nbsp;– 2007  at Mandeville Special Collections Library, University of California, San Diego
*Seven-page, handwritten letter that Crick sent to his 12-year-old son Michael in 1953 describing the structure of DNA. See Crick’s medal goes under the hammer, Nature, 5 April 2013.
Masasaliwanan nga enerhiya

An mga **Masasaliwanan nga enehiya** amo an enerhiya nga makukuha ha natural nga bahandi sugad han adlaw, hangin, balud, heyotermal nga paso.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya

* Aitken, Donald W. (2010). *Transitioning to a Renewable Energy Future*, International Solar Energy Society, January, 54 pages.
* HM Treasury (2006). *[[Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change]]*, 575 pages.
* International Council for Science (c2006). *Discussion Paper by the Scientific and Technological Community for the 14th session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development*, 17 pages.
* International Energy Agency (2006). *World Energy Outlook 2006: Summary and Conclusions*, OECD, 11 pages.
* International Energy Agency (2007). *Renewables in global energy supply: An IEA facts sheet*, OECD, 34 pages.
* International Energy Agency (2008). *Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies*, OECD, 8 pages.
* International Energy Agency (2011). *[[Deploying Renewables 2011]]: Best and Future Policy Practice*, OECD.
* International Energy Agency (2011). *[[Solar Energy Perspectives]]*, OECD.
* Lovins, Amory (2011). *[[Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era]]*, Chelsea Green Publishing, 334 pages.
* Makower, Joel, and Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder (2009). *[[Clean Energy Trends]] 2009*, Clean Edge.
* National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2006). *Non-technical Barriers to Solar Energy Use: Review of Recent Literature*, Technical Report, NREL/TP-520-40116, September, 30 pages.
* REN21 (2008). *Renewables 2007 Global Status Report*, Paris: REN21 Secretariat, 51 pages.
* REN21 (2009). *Renewables Global Status Report: 2009 Update*, Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
* REN21 (2010). *Renewables 2010 Global Status Report*, Paris: REN21 Secretariat, 78 pages.
* REN21 (2011). *Renewables 2011: Global Status Report*, Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
* REN21 (2012). *Renewables 2012: Global Status Report*, Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
* United Nations Environment Programme and New Energy Finance Ltd. (2007). *Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2007: Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in OECD and Developing Countries*, 52 pages.
* Worldwatch Institute and Center for American Progress (2006). *American energy: The renewable path to energy security*, 40 pages.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*
*
* http://tethys.pnnl.gov/ Tethys is an online knowledge management system that provides the marine and hydrokinetic energy (MHK) and offshore wind (OSW) communities with access to information and scientific literature on environmental effects of MHK and OSW developments.
Yen han Hapon

An **yen** (tigaman: ¥; kodigo: JPY) amo an sukol han pananalapi ha Hapon. Ikatulo nga gingagamit nga salapi ha merkado han baralyuan hin kwarta kasunod la ha Dolyar han Estados Unidos ngan Euro.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon

* Medhurst, Walter Henry (1830).  ''An English and Japanese, and Japanese and English Vocabulary: Compiled from Native Works.'' Batavia, Dutch East Indies: [s.n.]. .
* Hepburn, James Curtis (1867).   ''A Japanese and English Dictionary.'' Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. .
* Titsingh, Isaac (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652]. *[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  *Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Oriental Translation Society of Great Britain and Ireland. .

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* 
* Japanese currency FAQ  in Currency Museum, Bank of Japan 
* Money in Japan. A guide while traveling. 
* Images of historic and modern Japanese bank notes
* Chart: US-Dollar in Yen) (German)
* Chart: 100 Yen in Euro (German)
Nanoteknolohiya

An **nanoteknolohiya**, ginpahalipot "nanotek", amo an pagaram han pagkontrol han mga butang ha atomika o molekular nga kagudti.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*

*What is Nanotechnology? (A Vega/BBC/OU Video Discussion).
*www.whatisnano.org  (An educational website about nanoscience, engineering, and technology).
Tingog

An **tingog** amo an nababatian, nga nabantad nga balod nga naagi ha solido, likido o hangin, pakadto ha talinga.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Sounds Amazing; a KS3/4 learning resource for sound and waves 
* HyperPhysics: Sound and Hearing
* Sound Level meter
* Hearing curves and on-line hearing test
* Audio for the 21st Century 
* Conversion of sound units and levels
* Sound calculations
* Audio Check: a free collection of audio tests and test tones playable on-line
* More Sounds Amazing; a sixth-form learning resource about sound waves
Buhawi

An **buhawi** o **alipurós** amo an bayolente, delikado nga nalibot nga hangin nga nasumpay ha tuna ngadto ha dampog.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
* 
* 
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* NOAA Storm Database 1950–Present 
* European Severe Weather Database
* Social & Economic Costs of Tornadoes 
* Tornado Detection and Warnings
* Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology
* NOAA Tornado Preparedness Guide 
* Tornado History Project - Maps and statistics from 1950-Present
* Physics Today What we know and don't know about Tornadoes September 2014
Asido nga uran

An **asido nga uran** usa ka klase hin turo han uran nga may nakahalo nga iba nga kemikal nga nagkakahatag hin asido nga kinaiya.

## Mga kasarigan
Bata

An **bata** amo an tawo tikang ha pagkatawo kutob ha pagbulbol.

Kaarangay: Binátá 

Kaarangay ha pambansa: Bata karuyag sidngun suguruun u uyab

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* wikiprogress.org 
* United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
* Family database, OECD
* Bata
Bahâ

An **bahâ** o **lunop** amo an pag-agas ngan pagsulwak han tubig nga natabon han tuna.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya
*O'Connor, Jim E. and John E. Costa. (2004). *The World's Largest Floods, Past and Present: Their Causes and Magnitudes* [Circular 1254]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
*Thompson, M.T. (1964). *Historical Floods in [[New England]]* [Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1779-M]. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
* Powell, W. Gabe. 2009. Identifying Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) Data as a Hydrologic Model Input for Local Flood Plain Management. Applied Research Project. [[Texas State University–San Marcos]]

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Healthy Water – Flood Water Exposure , health risks, cleanup of flood waters, and links to flood resources
*Associated Programme on Flood Management  from the World Meteorological Organization
*Flood Risk Management Research Consortium 
*International Flood Initiative
*Social & Economic Benefits/Costs of Heavy Rain & Flooding , NOAA Economics and Social Sciences
*UN-CECAR , research and courses on flood disaster risk management and climate change adaptation
Nitroheno

An **nitrogeno** o **nitroheno** amo an usa ka elemento kimikal nga may tigaman nga N ngan masa atomika nga 14.00674 u. Ini in may ihap atomika nga 7. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga N.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya

* 

## Padugang nga barasahon
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* Etymology of Nitrogen
* Nitrogen at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)
* Nitrogen podcast from the Royal Society of Chemistry's *[[Chemistry World]]*
Kilogramo

An **kilogramo** o **kilo** amo an usa ka yano nga sukol han masa ha Kanasodnon Sistema han mga Panukol o SI (tikang ha Frinanses nga *le Système international d'unités*.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* NIST Improves Accuracy of ‘Watt Balance’ Method for Defining the Kilogram
* The UK’s National Physical Laboratory (NPL): [Are any problems caused by having the kilogram defined in terms of a physical artefact? (FAQ - Mass & Density)](http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/are-any-problems-caused-by-having-the-kilogram-defined-in-terms-of-a-physical-artefact-(faq-mass-and-density))
* NPL: *[http://www.npl.co.uk/engineering-measurements/mass-force-pressure/mass/research/npl-watt-balance NPL watt balance]*
* Metrology in France: *[http://www.french-metrology.com/en/feature/watt-balance.asp Watt balance] *
* Australian National Measurement Institute: *[http://www.measurement.gov.au/SCIENCETECHNOLOGY/Pages/MassandRelatedQuantities.aspx Redefining the kilogram through the Avogadro constant]*
* International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM): Home page
* NZZ Folio: *[http://www.nzzfolio.ch/www/d80bd71b-b264-4db4-afd0-277884b93470/showarticle/fb0ba22e-46b7-43a5-8320-ef16483b7e91.aspx What a kilogram really weighs]*
* NPL: *[http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/what-are-the-differences-between-mass,-weight,-force-and-load-(faq-mass-and-density) What are the differences between mass, weight, force and load?]*
* BBC: *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7084099.stm Getting the measure of a kilogram]*
* NPR: *[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112003322 This Kilogram Has A Weight-Loss Problem]*, an interview with National Institute of Standards and Technology physicist Richard Steiner
*Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram 
*Realization of the awaited definition of the kilogram
Litro

An **litro** usa ka sukol hit takos hit bolyum. An usa ka litro may sukol nga 0.001 metro kubiko.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya
* 
* Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. (2006). "The International System of Units (SI)" (on-line browser):
**Table 6  (Non-SI units accepted for use with the International System). Retrieved 24 Agosto 2008
* 
* National Institute of Standards and Technology. (December 2003). ''The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty: International System of Units (SI)'' (web site):
** ''Note on SI units''. Retrieved 24 Agosto 2008.
** ''Recommending uppercase letter L''. Retrieved 24 Agosto 2008.
* Taylor, B.N. and Thompson, A. (Eds.). (2008a). ''The International System of Units (SI)'' . United States version of the English text of the eighth edition (2006) of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures publication *Le Système International d’ Unités (SI)* (Special Publication 330). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 18 Agosto 2008.
* Taylor, B.N. and Thompson, A. (2008b). ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units'' (Special Publication 811). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 Agosto 2008.
* Turner, J. (Deputy Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology). (16 Mayo 2008)."Interpretation of the International System of Units (the Metric System of Measurement) for the United States" . *Federal Register* Vol. 73, No. 96, p.&nbsp;28432-3.
* UK National Physical Laboratory. Internationally recognised non SI units
Watt

An **Watt** amo an usa ka yano nga sukol han puwersa ha Kanasodnon Sistema han mga Panukol o SI (tikang ha Frinanses nga *le Système international d'unités*. An usa ka Watt may sukol nga usa ka joule nga enerhiya kada segundo.
Newton

An **newton** (tigaman: N) amo an usa ka yano nga sukol han kusog ha Kanasodnon Sistema han mga Panukol o SI (tikang ha Frinanses nga *le Système international d'unités*. Gingaranan ini nga sukol tikang kan Isaac Newton ha pagkilala ha iya mga buhat han Mekaniko Klasiko.
Sukól

An **sukól** o **pagsukol** amo an paghatag hin ihap ha usa ka kasirigngon ha pamaagi hin mga surundan.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* BIPM International Vocabulary of Measurement (VIM)
* 'Universcale', an application showing the relative sizes of objects
* A Dictionary of Units of Measurement 
* Comprehensive Unit Conversion Calculator 
* 'Metrology – in short' 3rd edition, July 2008 ISBN&nbsp;978-87-988154-5-7
* mensuration formulas  A collection of important mensuration formulas.
Salaming

An **saraming** o **saramín** amo an matig-a, maburu-ong, magirhang nga materyales nga gingagamit ha bintana, botelya ngan antiyoos.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
*
* 
* 
* Noel C. Stokes; *The Glass and Glazing Handbook*; Standards Australia; SAA HB125–1998
*  (reprinted by ''R&D Magazine'')
* Stookey, D. Donald. *Explorations in Glass: An Autobiography*. Wiley, 2000. ISBN 978-1-57498-124-7
* Vogel, Werner. *Chemistry of Glass*. Wiley, 1985. ISBN 978-0-916094-73-7

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*

* The Story of Glass Making in Canada from The Canadian Museum of Civilization.
* '' "How Your Glass Ware Is Made" '' by George W. Waltz, February 1951, Popular Science.
* All About Glass from the Corning Museum of Glass: a collection of articles, multimedia, and virtual books all about glass, including the Glass Dictionary.
* Glass Encyclopedia from 20th Century Glass: a comprehensive guide to all types of antique and collectable glass, with information, pictures and references.
Sebeda

An ***Hordeum vulgare*** in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An *Hordeum vulgare* in nahilalakip ha genus nga *[[Hordeum]]*, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista. An **sebada** (Iningles: Barley) amo an pagkaon nga tikang ha banwa nga **Hordeum vulgare**.

## Pinanbasaran




### Bibliograpiya
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* 
* A Brief History of Barley Foods 
* Cooking with barley and barley recipes 
* Genetically modified barley - No effects on beneficial fungi  Results of the safety research
* Barley from NutritionData
*  Nutritive value of barley 
* The National Barley Foods Council (NBFC) home page. 
* Barley Information for Growers, eXtension 
* Encyclopedia of Life
* Benefits of Green Barley
Turnilyo

An **turnilyo** amo an pandukot nga baga hin raysang, an pagkakaiba may roskas nga napalibot ha lawas.

## Pinanbasaran

### Bibliograpiya
*
*
* 
*
*
* 
* 
*

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* How the World Got Screwed
* Screws Small Encyclopedia
* NASA-RP-1228 Fastener Design Manual
* Imperial/Metric fastening sizes comparison
* "Hold Everything", February 1946, ''Popular Science" article section on screws and screw fastener  technology developed during World War Two
* How to feed screws and dowels
Hangga

An **Hangga** amo an nakakatapon nga sakit nga tikang ha varicella zoster virus (VZV).

## Kitaa Gihapon
* poko, tipdas o pandok

## Mga kasarigan
Planeta

An **planeta** (Iningles:Planet) (Pambansa:Planeta) amo an langitnon nga lawas nga nalibot ha bitoon o mga bilin hit bituon, dako para magkamayda kalugaringon nga gravitad, pero diri sugad kadako para magkamayda hin fusion thermonuclear ngan malimpyo an nakakasangko han aragian han iya liributan.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* International Astronomical Union website
* Photojournal NASA
* NASA Planet Quest – Exoplanet Exploration 
* Illustration comparing the sizes of the planets with each other, the Sun, and other stars
* 
* "Regarding the criteria for planethood and proposed planetary classification schemes." article by Stern and Levinson
* ''Planetary Science Research Discoveries'' (educational site with illustrated articles)
Nyebe

An **Nyebe** o **niyebe** (Kinatsila: *nieve*; iningles: *snow*) amo an bagtik nga matugnaw nga uran.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*Snow at above freezing temperatures
*Snowpack energy and mass balance  An article that contains detailed analysis of snowpack energy and mass balance.
*United Nations Environment Programme: Global Outlook for Ice and Snow 
*
Biyoteknolohiya

An **biyoteknolohiya** amo an teknolohiya nga base ha biyolohiya, labi na an mga nagagamit ha pag-uma, syensya ha pagkaon, ngan medisina.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
Mineral

An **Mineral** amo an natural nga solido nga butang nga napoporma mahitungod han mga proseso heyolohikal nga mayda kinaiya nga komposisyon kemikal, usa nga hataas nga pagkasunodsunod nga istruktura atomika, ngan espesipiko nga pangilal-an pisikal.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Mindat mineralogical database, largest mineral database on the Internet
* "Mineralogy Database" by David Barthelmy (2009)
* "Mineral Identification Key II" Mineralogical Society of America
* "American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database" 
* Minerals and the Origins of Life (Robert Hazen, NASA) (video, 60m, April 2014).
* Информация о минералах и камнях
Bato (pansayod)

An **Bato** may mga kasirigngon nga:

*Bato (heolohiya)
*Bato, Leyte
*Bato, Camarines Sur
*Bato, Catanduanes
*Panahon han Bato
*Bato (anatomiya)
Bato (heolohiya)

An **Bato** (iningles:rock) amo an natural nga butang nga buk-ol nga hinimo tikang ha mga mineral ug mga murumineral (iningles:mineraloid).

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* 
*
Atomo

Ha kimika ngan fisika, an **atomo** (iningles:atom) amo an gigugutiayi nga partikular nga naghahatag hin kinaiya ha usa nga butang. baga han mota. An atom may'ada nucleus ngan usa ug daramo na electron. An nucleus may'ada proton ngan neutron. 

## Pinanbasaran
Pandok

An **poko**, **tipdas** o **pandok** amo an nakakatapon nga sakit hin tawo nga tikang ha usa ha duha ka klase nga birus: an *Variola major* ngan an *Variola minor*.

## Kitaa Gihapon
* hangga

## Pinanbarasan

## Padugang nga barasahon

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
*  (Excerpt available at http://cryptome.info/0001/smallpox-wmd.htm)
* 
* Lord Wharncliffe and W. Moy Thomas, editors. *The Letters and Works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, vol. 1,* London: Henry G. Bohn, 1861.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Image of Amhearst letter to Colonel Henry Bouquet – give smallpox to Indians.
* Smallpox Biosafety: A Website About Destruction of Smallpox Virus Stocks
* Detailed CIDRAP Smallpox overview 
* Agent Fact Sheet: Smallpox , Center for Biosecurity
* Smallpox Images and Diagnosis Synopsis 
* Variola Virus Genomes  database search results from the Poxvirus Bioinformatics Resource Center
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Poxviridae
Elemento kimiko

An **Elemento kimiko** amo an puro nga kemikal hit usa ka klase nga atomo, nga makikilal-an ha iya ihap atomika, ng amo an ihap han proton ha iya nucleus.

## Lista han 118 nga kilala nga mga elemento kimiko

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* Videos for each element by the University of Nottingham
Impormasyon

An **impormasyon** amo an butang nga puydi mabaroan, masabtan, maintindaihan ngan masayoran.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
Suso

An **Suso** amo an bahin han lawas nga aada ha dughan hit mga mammal upod dinhi an tawo. Ha kababayen-an, an suso amo an nahatag hin gatas para pagpakaon han minasus-án.

## Mga reperensya
;Pinanbasaran

;Bibliograpiya
* Hollander, Anne *Seeing through Clothes*. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1993 ISBN 978-0-520-08231-1
* Morris, Desmond *The Naked Ape: a zoologist's study of the human animal* Bantam Books, Canada. 1967
* Yalom, Marilyn *A History of the Breast*. Pandora, London. 1998 ISBN 978-0-86358-400-8

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* 
* Images of female breasts
* Breast Cancer Treatment and Facts
*
Oras (pisika)

:*Para han lain nga kagamit, kitaa an [[Oras (pansayod)]].*

An **panahon** o **uras** (Iningles:Time/Moment) (Pambansa:Oras) in uska sistema han panukol hin oras para masabtan an pagkasunod-sunod nga mga panhitabo ngan mga laktaw ha butnga ngan kun ano kaiha an usa ka panhitabo.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon


* 
* 
* - Research bibliography
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
*  
* 
* 
* Stiegler, Bernard, *[[Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus]]*
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Charlie Gere, (2005) *Art, Time and Technology: Histories of the Disappearing Body*, Berg
* Craig Callendar, *Introducing Time*, Icon Books, 2010, ISBN 978-1848311206
* Benjamin Gal-Or, *Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy*, Springer Verlag, 1981, 1983, 1987, ISBN 0-387-90581-2, ISBN 0-387-96526-2.
* Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Lee Smolin, *The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time*, Cambridge University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-107-07406-4.


## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Exploring Time  from Planck Time to the lifespan of the universe
* Different systems of measuring time 
* 
* 
* 
* Time at Open Directory
Panahon (meteorolohiya)

An **panahon** amo an mga panhitabo ha panganoron o atmospera ha usa ka ginhatag nga oras.

## Pinanbasaran

## External links
Heolohiya

An **heolohiya** (tikang ha Griniyego: γη, gê, "kalibutan"; ngan λόγος, logos, "yinaknan" nga may literal nga kasirigngon nga makipagyakan mahitungod ha kalibutan) amo an syensya ngan pagaram han mga buk-ol o solido ngan likido nga butang nga kaparte han kalibutan.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* ''Earth Science News, Maps, Dictionary, Articles, Jobs''
* American Geophysical Union
* American Geosciences Institute
* European Geosciences Union
* Geological Society of America 
* ''Geological Society of London''
* Video-interviews with famous geologists
*Google Map of Geology.  Zoom in on depressions, dykes, eduction, fabric, faults, folds, hoodoos, horses, lava fields, monadnocks, rifts, roof pendants, stratum, and more.
Metabolismo

An **metabolismo** amo an mga reaksyon kemikal nga nahihitabo ha lawas han usa ka buhi nga organismo para mapadayon it kinabuhi.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon

**Introductory**
*  and , *The Chemistry of Life.* (Penguin Press Science, 1999), ISBN 0-14-027273-9
*  and , *Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life.* (University Of Chicago Press, 2005), ISBN 0-226-73936-8
* , *Oxygen: The Molecule that Made the World.* (Oxford University Press, USA, 2004), ISBN 0-19-860783-0

**Advanced**
*  and , *Fundamentals of Enzymology: Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins.* (Oxford University Press, 1999), ISBN 0-19-850229-X
*   and , *Biochemistry.* (W. H. Freeman and Company, 2002), ISBN 0-7167-4955-6
*  and , *Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry.* (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), ISBN 0-7167-4339-6
*    and , *Brock's Biology of Microorganisms.* (Benjamin Cummings, 2002), ISBN 0-13-066271-2
*  and , *The Biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life.* (Clarendon Press, 1991), ISBN 0-19-855598-9
*  and , *Bioenergetics.* (Academic Press Inc., 2002), ISBN 0-12-518121-3

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

**General information**
* Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis  The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at biochemweb.org
* The Biochemistry of Metabolism 
* Advanced Animal Metabolism Calculators/ Interactive Learning Tools 
* Microbial metabolism  Simple overview. School level.
* Metabolic Pathways of Biochemistry  Graphical representations of major metabolic pathways.
* Chemistry for biologists Introduction to the chemistry of metabolism. School level.
* Sparknotes SAT biochemistry  Overview of biochemistry. School level.
* MIT Biology Hypertextbook  Undergraduate-level guide to molecular biology.

**Human metabolism**
* Topics in Medical Biochemistry Guide to human metabolic pathways. School level.
* http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/ THE Medical Biochemistry Page] Comprehensive resource on human metabolism.

**Databases**
* Flow Chart of Metabolic Pathways at ExPASy
* IUBMB-Nicholson Metabolic Pathways Chart 
* SuperCYP: Database for Drug-Cytochrome-Metabolism 

**Metabolic pathways**
* Interactive Flow Chart of the Major Metabolic Pathways 
* Metabolism reference Pathway 
* Guide to Glycolysis  School level.
* 
* Downloadable guide to photosynthesis  School level.
* What is Photosynthesis?  Collection of photosynthesis articles and resources.
Fotosintesis

An **fotosintesis** amo an pamaagi han mga tanom, iba nga protista, ngan iba nga bakterya para makahimo hin pagkaon.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
### Mga libro

* 
* 
* 
* 

### Mga papel

* 
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*A collection of photosynthesis pages for all levels from a renowned expert (Govindjee)
*In depth, advanced treatment of photosynthesis, also from Govindjee
*Science Aid: Photosynthesis  Article appropriate for high school science
*Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis – The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 
*Overall examination of Photosynthesis at an intermediate level
*Overall Energetics of Photosynthesis
*Photosynthesis Discovery Milestones – experiments and background
*The source of oxygen produced by photosynthesis  Interactive animation, a textbook tutorial
*
*Photosynthesis – Light Dependent & Light Independent Stages 
*Khan Academy, video introduction
Ebolusyon

Iton ebolusyon amo an pagbalyo han mga namamana nga kinaiya han mga populasyon biolohika ha sakob han pipira ka sagunson nga mga henerasyon. An mga proseso han pag-ebolusyon in naghahatag hin biodiversidad ha kada nivel han mga organisasyon biolohika, lakip han mga nivel han species, tagsa-tagsa ka organismo, ngan mga molekula. 

## Pinanbasaran
Reproduksyon

An **reproduksyon** amo an pamaagi biyolohikal kun diin bag-o nga indibiduwal nga organismo nahihimo.

## Mga reperensya
* Tobler, M. & Schlupp,I. (2005) Parasites in sexual and asexual mollies (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei): a case for the Red Queen? Biol. Lett. 1 (2): 166-168.
* Zimmer, Carl. *Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature's Most Dangerous Creatures*, New York: Touchstone, 2001.
* 
* 

## Padugang nga barasahon
*Judson, Olivia (2003) *[[Dr Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation|Dr.Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation: Definitive Guide to the Evolutionary Biology of Sex.]]* ISBN 978-0-09-928375-1
**The Evolution of Sex: An Examination of Current Ideas* Richard E. Michod and Bruce E. Levin, editors (1987) Sinauer Associates Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts ISBN 0878934596 ISBN 978-0878934591
*Michod, R.E. *Eros and Evolution: A natural philosophy of sex* (1994).  Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts ISBN 0201442329 ISBN 978-0201442328

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Asexual Reproduction 
* Journal of Biology of Reproduction
* Journal of Andrology
Kinabuhi

An **kinabuhi** (Iningles:Life) (Pambansa:Buhay) amo an kinaiya nga nagbubulag han mga butang nga may kalugaringon nga sistema para mabuhi, ngadto ha waray sugad han namatay o an mga kulang abilidad para magsuporta hin kinabuhi.

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
* Kauffman, Stuart. The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman
**[http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf Seeding the Universe With Life] * Legacy Books, Washington D. C., 2000, ISBN 0-476-00330-X
* Walker, Martin G. ''LIFE! Why We Exist...And What We Must Do to Survive''  Dog Ear Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-59858-243-7
* Adrian Bejan, Sylvie Lorente, The constructal law and the evolution of design in nature, Physics of Life Reviews, Volume 8, Issue 3, October 2011, Pages 209-240, ISSN 1571-0645, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2011.05.010

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Wikispecies&nbsp;– a free directory of life
* Resources for life in the Solar System and in galaxy, and the potential scope of life in the cosmological future
* "The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman"
* Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
* The Kingdoms of Life
Kamatayon

An **kamatayon** amo an permanente nga pagkawara han biyoholohikal nga sistema nga han buhi nga organismo.

## Pinanbasaran

;Bibliograpiya

* 
* 

## Padugang nga barasahon
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* 
* Death (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
*  
* Causes of Death 1916  How the medical profession categorized causes of death
* Causes of Death
* George Wald: The Origin of Death A biologist explains life and death in different kinds of organisms in relation to evolution.
*  &nbsp;— Interviews with people dying in hospices, and portraits of them before, and shortly after, death
* Odds of dying from various injuries or accidents Source: National Safety Council, United States, 2001
Anatomiya

An **anatomiya** (tikang ha Griniyego nga ἀνατομία anatomia, tikang ἀνατέμνειν ana: pagbulag o pag-utod, o pagbusbus) amo an sanga han biyolohiya ngan medisina nga an pangunahon nga pag-aram amo an sulod han lawas ngan desinyo han istruktura han mga buhi.
An anatomy nababahin ngadto ha *macroscopic* ngan  *microscopic anatomy*. Sa *Macroscopic anatomy*, o *gross anatomy*, gin'eeksamin an mga parte san lawas sa hayop na waray gamit na *microscope*. Sa *Microscopic anatomy*, ginagamitan microcope o *optical instruments* an pag'aram san mga tissue ngan iba pa na strucktura san lawas, na kilala bilang *histology* ngan sa pagaram san mga *cells.*

## Bibliograpiya

* "Anatomy of the Human Body". 20th edition. 1918. Henry Gray

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* 
* Anatomy , *[[In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)|In Our Time]]*. BBC Radio 4. Melvin Bragg with guests Ruth Richardson, Andrew Cunningham and Harold Ellis.
Selulá

An **selulá** amo an giyayanohi nga bahin han usa ka organismo.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* MBInfo - Descriptions on Cellular Functions and Processes
* MBInfo - Cellular Organization  
* Inside the Cell  - a science education booklet by National Institutes of Health, in PDF and ePub.
* Cells Alive! 
* Cell Biology in "The Biology Project" of University of Arizona.
* Centre of the Cell online
* The Image & Video Library of The American Society for Cell Biology , a collection of peer-reviewed still images, video clips and digital books that illustrate the structure, function and biology of the cell.
* HighMag Blog, still images of cells from recent research articles.
* New Microscope Produces Dazzling 3D Movies of Live Cells , March 4, 2011 - Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
* WormWeb.org: Interactive Visualization of the ''C. elegans'' Cell lineage - Visualize the entire cell lineage tree of the nematode *[[Caenorhabditis elegans|C. elegans]]*

### Textbooks
* 
* 
*
Oksiheno

An **oksiheno** o **oksihino** usa nga elemento nga kimikal may may-ada simbolo nga O ngan numero atomica nga 8. Api ini han hugpo chalcogen han tabla periodica, usa nga reactive nga diri-metal, ngan usa nga oxidizing agent nga andam maporma hin oxide han kasagaran nga mga elemento sugad liwat hin iba pa nga compuwesto. Kun masa iton pagbabasehan, iton oksiheno an ikatulo ha gidamoi nga elemento ha uniberso, masunod la ha hidroheno ngan helium. Ha istandarte nga temperatura ngan pressure, duha nga atom han elemento natambo magporma hin dioxygen, usa nga waray color ngan waray baho nga diatomic gas nga may formula O2. An diatomic oxygen gas nagbubug-os hin 20.8% han kanan Kalibutan atmosfera. Han pagigin kompuwesto lakip an oxides, ini nga elemento nahimo hin haros katunga han kana Kalibutan crust.

## Pinanbasaran
Hidroheno

Iton **hidroheno** in uska elemento kimikal nga may kimikal nga tigaman nga H ngan ihap atomiko nga 1. May-ada atomiko nga bug-at nga 1.00794 u, an hidroheno in gigagaani nga elemento ha taramdan peryodiko. An iya monatomiko nga portma (H) in gidadamoi nga sustansya kimikal ha uniberso, nga naglalakip hin ginbabanabanahan 75% han ngatanan nga masa barynoniko. An diri-salin nga mga bituon in panguna nga hinimo ha hidroheno ha kahimtang plasma. An kasagaran nga isotope han hidroheno, nga gintatawag nga protium (ngaran talagsahon la gamiton, tigaman 1H), in may-ada usa nga proton ngan sero nga neutron.

## Properties

### Combustion

An Hidroheno nga gas nahurma hin mabutu nga sagul kun hiya in upat ngadtu kapituan kag upat (4-74) porsiyento nga gin-sasagulan hin ayri ngan ha Klorin kun isagul lima ngadtu kaisyaman kag lima porsiyento. An sinagul puydi pabutuhun hin kiskis,pasu u an kalamrag han adlaw. An paglugaring pag-butu han Hidroheno nahihimu kun an ayri in may-kapasu nga duha ka gatus kaunuman silsyu 260C

An puru nga Hidroheno-Oksiheno nga kalayu na hatag/nalamrag hin ultra-ubi nga pawa ngan kun dadamu-on an pagsagul han Oksiheno harus diri mahihikit-an an kalayu han mga mata. An kalayu han Hidroheno ha iba nga kondisyon na-kulur hin Muyâ, nag-papaabat nga kalayu hiya nga llanu.
## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* Basic Hydrogen Calculations of Quantum Mechanics 
* Hydrogen at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)

* High temperature hydrogen phase diagram 
* Wavefunction of hydrogen
* Low Energy Linear Accelerator - Monatomic Hydrogen diagram
Aluminyo

An **aluminyo** o **aluminóm** amo an elemento kemikal nga may ihap atomika nga 13. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga Al.

An aluminom an ika tulo na pinkadaramo na elemento (kasunod san  oxygen ngan silicon), ngan pinkamadaramo na metal na mahihiagian sa *crust* sa kalibutan. Maabot ini 8% sa bug'at san solido na *surface* san Kalibutan. Bihira mahiagian an puro na Aluminom tungud kay reaktibo ini. Logud, mahihiagian ini sakot san 270 na magkadurudilain na mineral. Bauxite an nangunguna na mina san aluminom.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Aluminium at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)
* CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Aluminum
* Electrolytic production 
* World production of primary aluminium, by country
* Price history of aluminum, according to the IMF
* History of Aluminium  – from the website of the International Aluminium Institute
* Emedicine – Aluminium
*
Carbono

An **carbono** amo an elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomika nga 6. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga C.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* 
* Carbon at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)
* Carbon on Britannica
* Extensive Carbon page at asu.edu 
* Electrochemical uses of carbon 
* Carbon&nbsp;– Super Stuff. Animation with sound and interactive 3D-models.
Tumbaga

An **tumbaga** amo an elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomika nga 29. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga Cu.

## Kinaiya
### Pisikal

An Copper, silver, ngan bulawan amo in membro san group 11 san periodic table; may'ada ini na mga metal usa na s-orbital electron ngan puno na d-electron shell na may kinaiya na may'ada hitaas na *ductility*, ngan electrical (59.6×106 S/m) ngan thermal conductivity, ika-2 na pinakahitaas (nasunod sa silver) sa mga puro na metal sa room temperature.

## Alloy

Daramo an alloy san tumbaga o copper, ngan daramo liwat an pinaggagamitan. *Brass* an alloy san *copper* ngan zinc. Bronse naman an 10% copper ngan tin o lata. An alloy san copper ngan aluminum gintatawag na *[[aluminium bronze]]*. 
Sayo an importante na sangkap an copper sa alahas kaupod an *silver* ngan  bulawan. An *carat solder* na may'ada copper ginagamit sa pagtagaalahas pagliwat san kulay, katig'a ngan *melting point* san alloy.

An alloy san copper ngan *nickel* gintatawag na cupronickel,ngan ginagamit sa paghimo sinsilyo. 

## Pinanbasaran

## Padugang nga barasahon
* 
* 
* Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 12, Number 10, May 2005, pp.&nbsp;1161–1208(48) Metals, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress
* 
* Material: Copper (Cu), bulk, MEMS and Nanotechnology Clearinghouse.
* 
* Copper transport disorders: an Instant insight from the Royal Society of Chemistry

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Copper at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)
* National Pollutant Inventory – Copper and compounds fact sheet
* Copper Resource Page. Includes several PDF files detailing the material properties of various kinds of copper, as well as various guides and tools for the copper industry.
* CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Copper (dusts and mists)
* CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Copper fume
* The Copper Development Association has an extensive site of properties and uses of copper; it also maintains a [ web site dedicated to [brass], a copper alloy.
* The Third Millennium Online page on Copper
* Price history of copper, according to the IMF
Neon

An **neon** amo an elemento kemikal nga may ihap atomika nga 10. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga Ne.

## ''Isotopes''

May'ada an Neon tulo na *[[stable isotope]]*: 20Ne (90.48%), 21Ne (0.27%) and 22Ne (9.25%).

## Mga kasarigan
Plata

An **Plata** amo an elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomika nga 47. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga Ag.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Silver
* Silver at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)
* Society of American Silversmiths
* The Silver Institute A silver industry website
* A collection of silver items Samples of silver
* Transport, Fate and Effects of Silver in the Environment
* CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Silver
* Picture in the Element collection from Heinrich Pniok
Plastik

An **Plastik** (Iningles:Polymer or a Cellophane) (Pambansa:Plastik) amo an tawag ha durudilain nga sintetiko o semisintetiko nga amorpo sulidu organiko nga materyales nga angay himoon nga produkto panindustriya.

An **Plastic** usa nga kinaiya nga ibba an gawas ibba an sulud ; diri sulidu

## Mga kasarigan

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* J. Harry Dubois Collection on the History of Plastics, ca. 1900–1975  Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
* Material Properties of Plastics – Mechanical, Thermal & Electrical Properties 
* List of over 600 plastics
* Plastics Historical Society
* History of plastics, Society of the Plastics Industry 
* What Are Plastics Made Of?  January 1943 Popular Science
* "A brief history of plastics, natural and synthetic", from *BBC Magazine*
* Scientists have announced a new rock type: plastiglomerate
Singk

An **singk** amo an elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomika nga 30. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga Zn.
## Mga kasarigan
Lata

An **lata**, **tin** o **estanyo** amo an elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomika nga 50. An tigaman hini amo an agi nga Sn.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Tin at *[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]* (University of Nottingham)
* Theodore Gray's Wooden Periodic Table Table: Tin samples and castings
* Base Metals: Tin 
* CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
* Tin (USD cents per kg)
Molekula

An **molekula** amo an gigugutiayi nga partikua han sa ka sustansya kemikal kun diin nabibilin an iya komposisyon ngan kinaiya kimikal. Kun matunga an molekula, nagiging iba ini nga sustansya.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas
* Molecule of the Month – School of Chemistry, University of Bristol
Fungus

An **fungus** amo an organismo eukaryotiko nga miyembro han ginhadian *Fungi*, na nasakop san mga *microorganisms* na sugad han *yeasts*, alamag ngan mga ulaping. Buhi ini nga organismo nga nalalain sa mga hayop, tanom, protista, eubakterya ngan archaebakterya. An usa na pagkakaiba san fungus amo an pagkakamay'ada *cell wall* na mayaon *chitin*, diri pareho san *cell wall* san hayop ngan tanaman ngan iba na protista na may ada *cellulose*, ngan lain liwat san cell wall san bakterya.

## Pinanbasaran

### Padugang nga barasahon
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Tree of Life web project: Fungi 
* 
* Mushroom Observer (mushroomobserver.org), a collaborative fungus recording and identification project
Pakla

An **pakla**  o **katsapa**, amo an mga ampibyan nga aada ha orden Anura. An **Anura** (*Anura*) in uska ordo han Amphibia. An Anura in nahilalakip ha classis nga Amphibia, phylum nga Chordata, ngan regnum nga Animalia. An ordo nga Anura in naglalakip hin 5685 ka mga species, sumala ha Catalogue of Life. 

Tipikal sa katsapa na manganak o magbonay sa tubig. Gin pupusa an kanra bonay na nagiging *larvae* na gintatawag na ulo-ulo. May'ada ini na ulo-ulo ukig ngan hasang. May'ada na pipira na katsapa na deposito san kanra bonay sa tuna ngan diri na agi sa pagkaulo-ulo.

## Ilarom nga taxa

* Alytidae
* Aromobatidae
* Arthroleptidae
* Ascaphidae
* Bombinatoridae
* Brachycephalidae
* Brevicipitidae
* Bufonidae
* Calyptocephalellidae
* Centrolenidae
* Ceratobatrachidae
* Ceratophryidae
* Craugastoridae
* Cycloramphidae
* Dendrobatidae
* Dicroglossidae
* Eleutherodactylidae
* Heleophrynidae
* Hemiphractidae
* Hemisotidae
* Hylidae
* Hylodidae
* Hyperoliidae
* Leiopelmatidae
* Leiuperidae
* Leptodactylidae
* Limnodynastidae
* Mantellidae
* Megophryidae
* Micrixalidae
* Microhylidae
* Myobatrachidae
* Nasikabatrachidae
* Nyctibatrachidae
* Pelobatidae
* Pelodytidae
* Petropedetidae
* Phrynobatrachidae
* Phrynocerus
* Pipidae
* Ptychadenidae
* Pyxicephalidae
* Ranidae
* Ranixalidae
* Rhacophoridae
* Rhinophrynidae
* Scaphiopodidae
* Sooglossidae
* Strabomantidae
* Zachaenus

## Pinanbasaran




## Mga sumpay ha gawas
Biyokimika

An **biyokemika** amo an pag-aram han mga pamaagi kemikal ha buhi nga organismo.

## Pinanbasaran

### Padugang nga barasahon
*
*
*

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
*Biochemistry, 5th ed. Full text of Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer, courtesy of NCBI.
*Biochemistry, 2nd ed.  Full text of Garrett and Grisham.
*Biochemistry Animation  (Narrated Flash animations.)
* SystemsX.ch - The Swiss Initiative in Systems Biology 
*Biochemistry Online Resources  – Lists of Biochemistry departments, websites, journals, books and reviews, employment opportunities and events.
*Full text of Biochemistry  by Kevin and Indira, an introductory biochemistry textbook.
Organiko kimika

An **Organiko kimika** amo an disiplina han kemika kun diin may syentipiko nga pag-aram dida ha istruktura, kinaiiya, reaksyon, ngan preparasyon han mga kemika kumpuwesto nga mayda karbon.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

*MIT.edu, OpenCourseWare: Organic Chemistry I
*HaverFord.edu, Organic Chemistry Lectures, Videos and Text
*Organic-Chemistry.org, Organic Chemistry Portal - Recent Abstracts and (Name)Reactions
*Orgsyn.org, Organic Chemistry synthesis journal