Takemitsu Toru

**Takemitsu Toru** (1930-1996) là một nhà soạn nhạc người Nhật Bản.

## Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp
Takemitsu Toru tự học là chủ yếu, trừ các năm 1948-1950 học tại Kiyose.

## Phong cách sáng tác
Takemitsu Toru sử dụng những thủ pháp tiền phong (avant-garde) và phần lớn qua băng ghi âm.

## Tác phẩm
Takemitsu Toru đã sáng tác:
* Các tác phẩm cho dàn nhạc giao hưởng, trong đó có:
:* Máu xanh lá cây (1967)
:* Thời gian mơ mộng (1981)
:* Hoài cổ (tưởng niệm Andrey Tarkovsky, 1987)
:* Đường đời của tôi (tưởng nhớ Michael Vyner, 1990)
* Các tác phẩm nhạc thính phòng, nhạc điện tử
* Các tác phẩm dành cho piano

## Danh mục tác phẩm

### Tác phẩm cho dàn nhạc
* *Requiem for String Orchestra* (1957)
* *Music of Tree* (1961)
* *The Dorian Horizon* (1966)
* *Green* (1967)
* *Winter* (1971)
* *A Flock Descends into the Pentagonal Garden* (1977)
* *A Way A Lone II* for string orchestra (version of A Way a Lone for string quartet)
* *Dreamtime* (1981)
* *Rain Coming* for chamber orchestra (1982)
* *Dream/Window* (1985)
* *Twill by Twilight—In Memory of Morton Feldman* (1988)
* *Tree Line* for chamber orchestra (1988)
* *Visions* (1990)
:I *Mystère*
:II *Les yeux clos*
* *How slow the Wind* (1991)
* *Archipelago S.* for 21 players (1993)

### Tác phẩm cho solo và dàn nhạc
**Scene*: for cello and string orchestra (1958)
* *Arc Part I* for piano and orchestra (1963–1966/1976)
:I *Pile* (1963)
:II *Solitude* (1966)
:III *Your love and the crossing* (1963)
* *Arc Part II* for piano and orchestra (1964–1966/1976)
:I *Textures* (1964)
:II *Reflection* (1966)
:III *Coda... Shall begin from the end* (1966)
* *November Steps* for *biwa*, *shakuhachi* and orchestra (1967)
* *Asterism* for piano and orchestra (1967)
* *Eucalypts I* for flute, oboe, harp and string orchestra (1970)
* *Autumn* for *biwa*, *shakuhachi* and orchestra (1973)
* *Quatrain* for clarinet, violin, cello, piano and orchestra (1975)
* *Far calls. Coming, far!* for violin and orchestra (1980)
* *Toward the Sea II* for alto flute, harp and string orchestra (version of *Toward the Sea* for alto flute and guitar (1981))
* *To the Edge of Dream* for guitar and orchestra (1983)
* *Orion and Pleiades* for cello and orchestra (1984)
* *riverrun* for piano and orchestra (1984)
* *I Hear the Water Dreaming* for flute and orchestra (1987)
* *Nostalghia—In Memory of Andrei Tarkovsky* for violin and string orchestra (1987)
* *A String Around Autumn* for viola and orchestra (1989)
* *From Me Flows What You Call Time* for five percussionists and orchestra (1990)
* *Fantasma/Cantos* for clarinet and orchestra (1991), winner of the Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.
* *Quotation of Dream* for two pianos and orchestra (1991)
* *Fantasma/Cantos II* for trombone and orchestra (1994)

### Tác phẩm băng điện tử
* *Static Relief*, magnetic tape (1955)
* *Vocalism A・I*, magnetic tape (1956)
* *Water Music* (1960)
* *Kaidan* (1964)

### Tác phẩm thính phòng
* *Le Son Calligraphé I–III* for four violins, two violas and two cellos (1958–1960)
* *Ring* for flute, terz guitar and lute (1961)
* *Corona II for string(s)* graphic work in collaboration with Kōhei Sugiura (1962)
* *Arc for Strings* graphic work (1963)
* *Valeria* for violin, cello, guitar, electric organ and two piccolos (1965)
* *Eucalypts II* for flute, oboe and harp (1971)
* *In an Autumn Garden* for *gagaku* orchestra (1973/1979)
* *Garden Rain* for brass ensemble (1974)
* *Waves* for clarinet, horn, two trombones and bass drum (1976)
* *Quatrain II* for clarinet, violin, cello and piano (1977)
* *A Way a Lone* for string quartet (1981)
* *Rocking Mirror Daybreak* for Violin Duo (1983)
* *Signals from Heaven*—two antiphonal fanfares for two brass groups (1987)
:I *Day Signal*
:II *Night Signal*
* *And then I knew 'twas Wind* for flute, viola and harp (1992)

### Tác phẩm dành cho piano
* *Romance* (1949)
* *Lento in Due Movimenti* (1950, unpublished/original lost—rewritten as *Litany*, 1989)
* *Piano Distance* (1961)
* *Corona for pianist(s)* graphic score (in collaboration with Kōhei Sugiura, 1962)
* *Crossing* graphic score (in collaboration with Kōhei Sugiura, 1962)
* *For Away* (1973)
* *Les yeux clos* (1979)
* *Rain Tree Sketch* (1982)
* *Litany—In Memory of [[Michael Vyner]]* recomposition of *Lento in Due Movimenti* (1950/1989)
* *Rain Tree Sketch II—In Memoriam Olivier Messiaen* (1992)

### Tác phẩm dành cho guitar
* *Folios* (1974)
* *12 Songs for Guitar* (1974, 1977)
* *The Last Waltz* (1983)
* *A Boy Named HIROSHIMA* (1987)
* *All in Twilight – Four pieces for guitar -* written for Julian Bream (1987)
* *Bad Boy* (1961, 1992)
* *A Pieces for guitar – For the 60th birthday of Sylvano Bussotti -* (1991)
* *Equinox* (1993)
* *In the Woods – Three pieces for guitar -* (1995)

### Tác phẩm nhạc phim
* *[[Pitfall (1962 film)|Pitfall (Otoshiana)]]*, dir. Hiroshi Teshigahara (1962)
* *[[Harakiri (1962 film)|Harakiri]]*, dir. Masaki Kobayashi (1962)
* *[[Woman in the Dunes]]*, dir. Hiroshi Teshigahara (1964)
* *[[Kwaidan (film)|Kaidan]]*, dir. Masaki Kobayashi (1964)
* *[[Assassination (1964 film)|Assassination]]*, dir. Masahiro Shinoda (1964)
* *[[The Face of Another (film)|The Face of Another]]*, dir. Hiroshi Teshigahara (1966)
* *[[Samurai Rebellion]]*, dir. Masaki Kobayashi (1967)
* *[[Double Suicide]]*, dir. Masahiro Shinoda (1969)
* *[[Dodesukaden]]*, dir. Akira Kurosawa (1970)
* *[[Empire of Passion]]*, dir. Nagisa Oshima (1978)
* *[[Ran (film)|Ran]]*, dir. Akira Kurosawa (1985)
* *[[Black Rain (Japanese film)|Black Rain]]*, dir. Shohei Imamura (1989)
* *[[Rising Sun (film)|Rising Sun]]*, dir. Philip Kaufman (1993)

### Tác phẩm khí nhạc khác
* *Masque*, for two flutes (1959, 1960)
* *Eclipse*, for biwa and shakuhachi (1966)
* *Voice*, (1971)
* *Itinerant—In Memory of Isamu Noguchi*, (1989)
* *Paths*, for solo trumpet (1994)
* *Air* (1995, last published work)

## Chú thích

## Tham khảo
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* Koozin, Timothy, "Traversing distances: pitch organization, gesture and imagery in the late works of Tōru Takemitsu", *Contemporary Music Review*, vol. 21, no.4, (Taylor & Francis, 2002), 17–34 accessible at informaworld (subscription access) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07494460216671
* Nuss, Steven, "Hearing 'Japanese', hearing Takemitsu", *Contemporary Music Review*, vol. 21, no.4, (Taylor & Francis, 2002), 35–71 accessible at informaworld (subscription access) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07494460216667
* Robinson, Elizabeth A. ''Voice, itinerant, and air: a performance and analytical guide to the solo flute works of Toru Takemitsu'' . 2011.

## Liên kết ngoài
* Toru Takemitsu: Complete Works
* Schott Music Biography
* Complete Takemitsu Edition  
* Slate article focusing on his film music
* Interview with Toru Takemitsu
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