Osmia

***Osmia*** là một chi ong trong họ Megachilidae.
Tên trong tiếng Anh "ong thợ nề" do chúng sử dụng bùn hoặc các sản phẩm "nề" khác trong việc xây dựng tổ của chúng, được tạo ra trong các khoảng trống xuất hiện tự nhiên như giữa các vết nứt trên đá hoặc các hốc nhỏ khác; khi có sẵn, một số loài tốt nhất là sử dụng thân cây rỗng hoặc lỗ trên gỗ do côn trùng gây gỗ.

Hơn 300 loài được tìm thấy trên khắp Bắc bán cầu. Hầu hết xảy ra trong môi trường sống ôn đới trong khu vực Palearctic và Cận cực, và hoạt động từ mùa xuân đến cuối mùa hè.

## Vòng đời
Không giống với ong mật, các loài ong thuộc chi Osmia thường sống đơn độc, các con cái đều có thể sinh sản và tự xây tổ của chúng. Không có ong thợ tồn tại trong chi ong này.

Khi nở ra từ kén của chúng, con đực thường nở ra trước và đợi gần tổ chờ con cái nở, người ta còn ghi nhận trường hợp con đực giúp côn cái thoát kén. Khi nở, con cái sẽ giao phối với một loạt con đực, con đực sẽ nhanh chóng chết đi và trong vài ngày, con cái sẽ bắt đầu quá trình xây tổ của nó.

## Các loài
Chi này có các loài sau:
* *[[Osmia adae]]* Bingham, 1897
* *[[Osmia aeruginosa]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia agilis]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia alaiensis]]* van der Zanden, 1994
* *[[Osmia albiventris]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia albolateralis]]* Cockerell, 1906
* *[[Osmia alfkenii]]* Ducke, 1899
* *[[Osmia aliciae]]* Ayala & Griswold, 2005
* *[[Osmia alpestris]]* Rust & Bohart, 1986
* *[[Osmia alticola]]* Benoist, 1922
* *[[Osmia amathusica]]* Mavromoustakis, 1937
* *[[Osmia anceps]]* Pérez, 1895
* *[[Osmia andrenoides]]* Spinola, 1808
* *[[Osmia angustipes]]* Cockerell, 1933
* *[[Osmia apicata]]* Smith, 1853
* *[[Osmia aquila]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia argyropyga]]* Pérez, 1879
* *[[Osmia ariadne]]* Peters, 1978
* *[[Osmia ashmeadii]]* (Titus, 1904)
* *[[Osmia atriventris]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia atroalba]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia atrocyanea]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia atrorufa]]* Friese, 1913
* *[[Osmia aurulenta]]* (Panzer, 1799) (Gouden slakkenhuisbij)
* *[[Osmia ausica]]* Cockerell, 1944
* *[[Osmia austromaritima]]* Michener, 1936
* *[[Osmia avedata]]* Warncke, 1992
* *[[Osmia avosetta]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia azteca]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia bakeri]]* Sandhouse, 1924
* *[[Osmia balearica]]* Schmiedeknecht, 1885
* *[[Osmia bella]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia bicolor]]* (Schrank, 1781) (Tweekleurige slakkenhuisbij)
* *[[Osmia bicornis]]* Linnaeus, 1758 (Rosse metselbij)
* *[[Osmia bischoffi]]* Atanassov, 1938
* *[[Osmia botitena]]* Cockerell, 1909
* *[[Osmia breviata]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia brevicornis]]* (Fabricius, 1798)
* *[[Osmia brevipes]]* van der Zanden, 1994
* *[[Osmia brevis]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia bruneri]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia bucephala]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia caerulescens]]* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blauwe metselbij)
* *[[Osmia cahuilla]]* Cooper, 1993
* *[[Osmia calcarata]]* White, 1952
* *[[Osmia californica]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia calla]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia capicola]]* Friese, 1906
* *[[Osmia cara]]* Cockerell, 1910
* *[[Osmia carinoclypearis]]* Wu, 1985
* *[[Osmia caulicola]]* Cockerell, 1934
* *[[Osmia cephalotes]]* Morawitz, 1870
* *[[Osmia cerasi]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia cerinthidis]]* Morawitz, 1876
* *[[Osmia chalybea]]* Smith, 1853
* *[[Osmia chinensis]]* Morawitz, 1890
* *[[Osmia chrysaetos]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia chrysolepta]]* Haeseler, 2005
* *[[Osmia cinctella]]* Dours, 1873
* *[[Osmia cinerea]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia cinnabarina]]* Pérez, 1895
* *[[Osmia claremontensis]]* Michener, 1936
* *[[Osmia clarescens]]* Cockerell, 1911
* *[[Osmia clypearis]]* Morawitz, 1871
* *[[Osmia cobaltina]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia cockerelli]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia collinsiae]]* Robertson, 1905
* *[[Osmia coloradensis]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia concavoclypearis]]* Wu, 1985
* *[[Osmia conjuncta]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia cordata]]* Robertson, 1902
* *[[Osmia corniculata]]* (van der Zanden, 1989)
* *[[Osmia cornifrons]]* (Radoszkowski, 1887)
* *[[Osmia cornuta]]* (Latreille, 1805) (Gehoornde metselbij)
* *[[Osmia crassa]]* Rust & Bohart, 1986
* *[[Osmia croceiventris]]* Radoszkowski, 1882
* *[[Osmia cyanella]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia cyaneonitens]]* Cockerell, 1906
* *[[Osmia cyanescens]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia cyanopoda]]* Cockerell, 1916
* *[[Osmia cyanoxantha]]* Pérez, 1879
* *[[Osmia cyrenaica]]* Peters, 1978
* *[[Osmia dakotensis]]* Michener, 1937
* *[[Osmia damascena]]* Pérez, 1911
* *[[Osmia decorata]]* Morawitz, 1886
* *[[Osmia densa]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia derasa]]* 
* *[[Osmia difficilis]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia dilaticornis]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia dimidiata]]* Morawitz, 1870
* *[[Osmia diomedia]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia disjuncta]]* Tkalcu, 1995
* *[[Osmia distincta]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia dives]]* Mocsáry, 1877
* *[[Osmia dlabolae]]* Tkalcu, 1978
* *[[Osmia dolerosa]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia dusmeti]]* van der Zanden, 1998
* *[[Osmia ednae]]* Cockerell, 1907
* *[[Osmia emarginata]]* Lepeletier, 1841
* *[[Osmia enixa]]* Sandhouse, 1924
* *[[Osmia ephippiata]]* Smith, 1879
* *[[Osmia erythrogastra]]* Ferton, 1905
* *[[Osmia excavata]]* Alfken, 1903
* *[[Osmia exigua]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia fasciata]]* Latreille, 1811
* *[[Osmia fedtschenkoi]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia felti]]* Cockerell, 1911
* *[[Osmia ferruginea]]* Latreille, 1811
* *[[Osmia fervida]]* Smith, 1853
* *[[Osmia flavipes]]* Friese, 1909
* *[[Osmia forticornis]]* van der Zanden, 1989
* *[[Osmia foxi]]* Cameron, 1901
* *[[Osmia francisconis]]* White, 1952
* *[[Osmia frieseana]]* Ducke, 1899
* *[[Osmia frunseensis]]* Warncke, 1992
* *[[Osmia gabrielis]]* Cockerell, 1910
* *[[Osmia gallarum]]* Spinola, 1808
* *[[Osmia gaudiosa]]* Cockerell, 1907
* *[[Osmia gemmea]]* Pérez, 1896
* *[[Osmia georgica]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia giffardi]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia giliarum]]* Cockerell, 1906
* *[[Osmia glareola]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia glauca]]* (Fowler, 1899)
* *[[Osmia gracilicornis]]* Pérez, 1895
* *[[Osmia granulosa]]* Cockerell, 1911
* *[[Osmia grindeliae]]* Cockerell, 1910
* *[[Osmia grinnelli]]* Cockerell, 1910
* *[[Osmia gulmargensis]]* Nurse, 1903
* *[[Osmia gutturalis]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia haemorrhoa]]* Morawitz, 1886
* *[[Osmia heliaca]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia helicicola]]* Robinaeau, 1836
* *[[Osmia hellados]]* van der Zanden, 1984
* *[[Osmia hemera]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia hendersoni]]* Cockerell, 1907
* *[[Osmia hermona]]* Warncke, 1992
* *[[Osmia hesperos]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia heteracantha]]* Pérez, 1896
* *[[Osmia hurdi]]* White, 1952
* *[[Osmia hyperborea]]* Tkalcu, 1983
* *[[Osmia iberica]]* van der Zanden, 1987
* *[[Osmia illinoensis]]* Robertson, 1897
* *[[Osmia imitatrix]]* (Tkalcu, 1992)
* *[[Osmia indeprensa]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia indigotea]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia inermis]]* (Zetterstedt, 1838)
* *[[Osmia inspergens]]* Lovell & Cockerell, 1907
* *[[Osmia integra]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia interrupta]]* Latreille, 1811
* *[[Osmia inurbana]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia iridis]]* Cockerell & Titus, 1902
* *[[Osmia ishikawai]]* Hirashima, 1973
* *[[Osmia jacoti]]* Cockerell, 1929
* *[[Osmia jason]]* Benoist, 1929
* *[[Osmia jilinensis]]* Wu, 2004
* *[[Osmia juxta]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia karooensis]]* Brauns, 1926
* *[[Osmia kashmirensis]]* Nurse, 1903
* *[[Osmia kenoyeri]]* Cockerell, 1915
* *[[Osmia kincaidii]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia kirgisiana]]* van der Zanden, 1994
* *[[Osmia kohli]]* Ducke, 1899
* *[[Osmia labialis]]* Pérez, 1879
* *[[Osmia lacus]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia laeta]]* Sandhouse, 1924
* *[[Osmia lanei]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia laticauda]]* Stanek, 1969
* *[[Osmia laticella]]* van der Zanden, 1986
* *[[Osmia latisulcata]]* Michener, 1936
* *[[Osmia latreillei]]* (Spinola, 1806)
* *[[Osmia lazulina]]* Benoist, 1928
* *[[Osmia leaiana]]* (Kirby, 1802) (Kauwende metselbij)
* *[[Osmia lhotelleriei]]* Pérez, 1887
* *[[Osmia lignaria]]* Say, 1837
* *[[Osmia liogastra]]* Cockerell, 1933
* *[[Osmia livida]]* Tkalcu, 1978
* *[[Osmia lobata]]* Friese, 1899
* *[[Osmia longicornis]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia longula]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia lunata]]* Benoist, 1929
* *[[Osmia lupinicola]]* Cockerell, 1937
* *[[Osmia madeirensis]]* van der Zanden, 1991
* *[[Osmia malina]]* Cockerell, 1909
* *[[Osmia maracandica]]* Morawitz, 1894
* *[[Osmia marginata]]* Michener, 1936
* *[[Osmia marginipennis]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia maritima]]* Friese, 1885 (Waddenmetselbij)
* *[[Osmia maxillaris]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia mediana]]* Engel, 2006
* *[[Osmia mediorufa]]* Cockerell, 1932
* *[[Osmia melanocephala]]* Morawitz, 1875
* *[[Osmia melanogaster]]* Spinola, 1808
* *[[Osmia melanopleura]]* Cockerell, 1916
* *[[Osmia melanota]]* Morawitz, 1888
* *[[Osmia melanura]]* Morawitz, 1872
* *[[Osmia mertensiae]]* Cockerell, 1907
* *[[Osmia michiganensis]]* Mitchell, 1962
* *[[Osmia microdonta]]* Cockerell, 1931
* *[[Osmia microgramma]]* Dours, 1873
* *[[Osmia milenae]]* Tkalcu, 1992
* *[[Osmia mirhiji]]* Mavromoustakis, 1957
* *[[Osmia mixta]]* Michener, 1936
* *[[Osmia mongolica]]* Morawitz, 1880
* *[[Osmia montana]]* Cresson, 1864
* *[[Osmia moreensis]]* van der Zanden, 1984
* *[[Osmia morongana]]* Cockerell, 1937
* *[[Osmia mustelina]]* Gerstäcker, 1869
* *[[Osmia mutensis]]* Peters, 1978
* *[[Osmia namaquaensis]]* Friese, 1913
* *[[Osmia nana]]* Morawitz, 1873
* *[[Osmia nanula]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia nasoproducta]]* Ferton, 1909
* *[[Osmia nasuta]]* Friese, 1899
* *[[Osmia natalensis]]* Cockerell, 1920
* *[[Osmia nemoris]]* Sandhouse, 1924
* *[[Osmia neocyanopoda]]* Rust & Bohart, 1986
* *[[Osmia nifoata]]* Cockerell, 1909
* *[[Osmia nigricollis]]* Warncke, 1992
* *[[Osmia nigrifrons]]* Cresson, 1878
* *[[Osmia nigritula]]* Friese, 1902
* *[[Osmia nigriventris]]* (Zetterstedt, 1838)
* *[[Osmia nigrobarbata]]* Cockerell, 1916
* *[[Osmia nigrohirta]]* Friese, 1899
* *[[Osmia nigroscopula]]* (Wu, 1982)
* *[[Osmia niveata]]* (Fabricius, 1804) (Zwartbronzen houtmetselbij)
* *[[Osmia niveibarbis]]* Pérez, 1902
* *[[Osmia niveocincta]]* Pérez, 1879
* *[[Osmia notata]]* (Fabricius, 1804)
* *[[Osmia novaescotiae]]* Cockerell, 1912
* *[[Osmia nuda]]* Friese, 1899
* *[[Osmia obliqua]]* White, 1952
* *[[Osmia ocularis]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia odontogaster]]* Cockerell, 1897
* *[[Osmia ogilviae]]* Cockerell, 1932
* *[[Osmia onocrotala]]* Warncke, 1988
* *[[Osmia opima]]* Romankova, 1985
* *[[Osmia oramara]]* Warncke, 1992
* *[[Osmia orientalis]]* Benoist, 1929
* *[[Osmia ornatula]]* Cockerell, 1932
* *[[Osmia pachyceps]]* Friese, 1922
* *[[Osmia pagosa]]* Sandhouse, 1939
* *[[Osmia palmae]]* Tkalcu, 2001
* *[[Osmia palmyrae]]* van der Zanden, 1998
* *[[Osmia pamirensis]]* Gussakovsky, 1930
* *[[Osmia paradisica]]* Sandhouse, 1924
* *[[Osmia parietina]]* Curtis, 1828 (Boommetselbij)*
* *Osmia pedicornis* <small>Cockerell, 1919</small>
* *Osmia pennata* <small>Warncke, 1988</small>
* *Osmia pentstemonis* <small>Cockerell, 1906</small>
* *Osmia peregrina* <small>Warncke, 1988</small>
* *Osmia phenax* <small>Cockerell, 1897</small>
* *Osmia physariae* <small>Cockerell, 1907</small>
* *Osmia pieli* <small>Cockerell, 1931</small>
* *Osmia pikei* <small>Cockerell, 1907</small>
* *Osmia pilicornis* <small>Smith, 1846</small>
* *Osmia piliventris* <small>Friese, 1913</small>
* *Osmia pingreeana* <small>Michener, 1937</small>
* *Osmia polkruga* <small>Warncke, 1992</small>
* *Osmia potentillae* <small>Michener, 1936</small>
* *Osmia pratincola* <small>Warncke, 1988</small>
* *Osmia proxima* <small>Cresson, 1864</small>
* *Osmia prunorum* <small>Cockerell, 1897</small>
* *Osmia pulsatillae* <small>Cockerell, 1907</small>
* *Osmia pumila* <small>Cresson, 1864</small>
* *Osmia punica* <small>Pérez, 1896</small>
* *Osmia purpurata* <small>Ducke, 1899</small>
* *Osmia pusilla* <small>Cresson, 1864</small>
* *Osmia quadricornuta* <small>Wu, 2004</small>
* *Osmia quadridentata* <small>(Dumeril, 1860)</small>
* *Osmia ramona* <small>Warncke, 1992</small>
* *Osmia raritatis* <small>Michener, 1957</small>
* *Osmia rawlinsi* <small>Sandhouse, 1939</small>
* *Osmia recta* <small>Pérez, 1902</small>
* *Osmia reginae* <small>Cockerell, 1932</small>
* *Osmia regulina* <small>Cockerell, 1911</small>
* *Osmia relicta* <small>(Popov, 1954)</small>
* *Osmia rhodoensis* <small>(van der Zanden, 1983)</small>
* *Osmia rhodognatha* <small>Cockerell, 1932</small>
* *Osmia ribifloris* <small>Cockerell, 1900</small>
* *Osmia rostrata* <small>Sandhouse, 1924</small>
* *Osmia rufigastra* <small>Lepeletier, 1841</small>
* *Osmia rufina* <small>Cockerell, 1931</small>
* *Osmia rufinoides* <small>Wu, 2004</small>
* *Osmia rufohirta* <small>Latreille, 1811</small>
* *Osmia rufotibialis* <small>Friese, 1920</small>
* *Osmia rutila* <small>Erichson, 1835</small>
* *Osmia sanctaerosae* <small>Cockerell, 1910</small>
* *Osmia sandhouseae* <small>Mitchell, 1927</small>
* *Osmia sanrafaelae* <small>Parker, 1985</small>
* *Osmia satoi* <small>Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1950</small>
* *Osmia saxatilis* <small>Warncke, 1988</small>
* *Osmia saxicola* <small>Ducke, 1899</small>
* *Osmia sculleni* <small>Sandhouse, 1939</small>
* *Osmia scutispina* <small>Gribodo, 1894</small>
* *Osmia sedula* <small>Sandhouse, 1924</small>
* *Osmia sequoiae* <small>Michener, 1936</small>
* *Osmia sexsignata* <small>Benoist, 1950</small>
* *Osmia shaanxiensis* <small>Wu, 2004</small>
* *Osmia signata* <small>Erichson, 1835</small>
* *Osmia simillima* <small>Smith, 1853</small>
* *Osmia simplex* <small>Morawitz, 1875</small>
* *Osmia sladeni* <small>Sandhouse, 1925</small>
* *Osmia sogdiana* <small>Morawitz, 1875</small>
* *Osmia solitaria* <small>Sandhouse, 1924</small>
* *Osmia sparsipuncta* <small>Alfken, 1914</small>
* *Osmia sponsa* <small>Nurse, 1904</small>
* *Osmia stangei* <small>Genaro, 2001</small>
* *Osmia steinmanni* <small>Müller, 2002</small>
* *Osmia subaustralis* <small>Cockerell, 1900</small>
* *Osmia subcornuta* <small>Morawitz, 1875</small>
* *Osmia subfasciata* <small>Cresson, 1872</small>
* *Osmia submicans* <small>Morawitz, 1870</small>
* *Osmia subtersa* <small>Cockerell, 1930</small>
* *Osmia svenssoni* <small>Tkalcu, 1983</small>
* *Osmia sybarita* <small>Smith, 1853</small>
* *Osmia tadjika* <small>Warncke, 1992</small>
* *Osmia tanneri* <small>Sandhouse, 1939</small>
* *Osmia tarsata* <small>Provancher, 1888</small>
* *Osmia taurus* <small>Smith, 1873</small>
* *Osmia tawildara* <small>Warncke, 1992</small>
* *Osmia tergestensis* <small>Ducke, 1897</small>
* *Osmia tersula* <small>Cockerell, 1912</small>
* *Osmia teunisseni* <small>van der Zanden, 1981</small>
* *Osmia texana* <small>Cresson, 1872</small>
* *Osmia thoracica* <small>Radoszkowski, 1874</small>
* *Osmia thysanisca* <small>Michener, 1957</small>
* *Osmia tingitana* <small>Benoist, 1969</small>
* *Osmia titusi* <small>Cockerell, 1905</small>
* *Osmia tokopahensis* <small>Michener, 1936</small>
* *Osmia torquata* <small>Warncke, 1988</small>
* *Osmia trevoris* <small>Cockerell, 1897</small>
* *Osmia tricornis* <small>Latreille, 1811</small>
* *Osmia tricuspidata* <small>Dours, 1873</small>
* *Osmia trifoliama* <small>Sandhouse, 1939</small>
* *Osmia tristella* <small>Cockerell, 1897</small>
* *Osmia tunensis* <small>(Fabricius, 1787)</small>
* *Osmia turneri* <small>Cockerell, 1937</small>
* *Osmia unca* <small>Michener, 1937</small>
* *Osmia uncicornis* <small>Pérez, 1895</small>
* *Osmia uncinata* <small>Gerstäcker, 1869</small> ([[Bosmetselbij]])
* *Osmia universitatis* <small>Cockerell, 1907</small>
* *Osmia vandykei* <small>Sandhouse, 1924</small>
* *Osmia versicolor* <small>Latreille, 1811</small>
* *Osmia virga* <small>Sandhouse, 1939</small>
* *Osmia viridana* <small>Morawitz, 1874</small>
* *Osmia watsoni* <small>Cockerell, 1911</small>
* *Osmia xanthomelana* <small>(Kirby, 1802)</small> ([[Grote metselbij]])
* *Osmia yanbianensis* <small>Wu, 2004</small>
* *Osmia zarzisa* <small>Warncke, 1992</small>
* *Osmia zephyros'' Sandhouse, 1939

## Tham khảo