Centaurea

***Centaurea*** () là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc (Asteraceae).
Chi này có từ 350 đến 600 loài thực vật có hoa giống cây kế thân thảo. Các thành viên của chi chỉ được tìm thấy ở phía bắc của đường xích đạo, chủ yếu là ở bán cầu Đông; Trung Đông và các vùng xung quanh đặc biệt là loài phong phú.
## Loài
Chi *Centaurea* gồm các loài:



* *[[Centaurea adpressa]]*
* *[[Centaurea aegyptiaca]]*
* *[[Centaurea aeolica]]*
* *[[Centaurea aggregata]]*
* *[[Centaurea akamantis]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea alba]]*
* *[[Centaurea albonitens]]* Turrill
* *[[Centaurea alpestris]]*
* *[[Centaurea alpina]]*
* *[[Centaurea ambigua]]*
* *[[Centaurea amblyolepis]]*
* *[[Centaurea americana]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea ammocyanus]]*
* *[[Centaurea antennata]]* Dufour
* *[[Centaurea antiochia]]* Boiss.
* *[[Centaurea aplolepa]]*
** *Centaurea aplolepa* ssp. *carueliana*
* *[[Centaurea appendicigera]]* C.Koch
* *[[Centaurea argentea]]*
* *[[Centaurea ascalonica]]*
* *[[Centaurea aspera]]* L. &ndash; Rough Starthistle
* *[[Centaurea atacamensis]]* (Reiche) I.M.Johnst.
* *[[Centaurea atropurpurea]]*
* *[[Centaurea ×aurata]]*
* *[[Centaurea babylonica]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea balsamita]]*
* *[[Centaurea behen]]* L. &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea bella]]*
* *[[Centaurea bieberseinii]]*
* *[[Centaurea borjae]]*
* *[[Centaurea bovina]]*
* *[[Centaurea bracteata]]*
* *[[Centaurea brevifimbriata]]* Hub.-Mor.
* *[[Centaurea bulbosa]]*
* *[[Centaurea busambarensis]]* Guss.
* *[[Centaurea cachinalensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea calcitrapa]]* &ndash; Purple Starthistle, Red Starthistle, "caltrop"
* *[[Centaurea calcitrapoides]]*
* *[[Centaurea cariensis]]* Boiss.
* *[[Centaurea cariensiformis]]* Hub.-Mor.
* *[[Centaurea centaurium]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea chilensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea cineraria]]* &ndash; Velvet Centaurea, "dusty miller"
* *[[Centaurea clementei]]*
* *[[Centaurea collina]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea corymbosa]]*
* *[[Centaurea crithmifolia]]*
* *[[Centaurea crocodylium]]*
* *[[Centaurea cyanoides]]* J.Berggr. & Wahlenb.
* *[[Centaurea cyanus]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea damascena]]*
* *[[Centaurea dealbata]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea debeauxii]]* Gren. & Godr.
* *[[Centaurea depressa]]* 
* *[[Centaurea deusta]]*
* *[[Centaurea diffusa]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea diluta]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea drabifolia]]* Sm.
* *[[Centaurea dschungarica]]*
* *[[Centaurea emilae Hüseynova et Qaraxani]]*
* *[[Centaurea eriophora]]*

* *[[Centaurea eryngioides]]*
* *[[Centaurea filiformis]]*
* *[[Centaurea floccosa]]*
* *[[Centaurea foliosa]]* Boiss. & Kotschy
* *[[Centaurea forojuliensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea friderici]]* Vis. &ndash; *[[palagruška zečina]]* (Croatian)
* *[[Centaurea gayana]]*
* *[[Centaurea glaberrima]]* Tausch
* *[[Centaurea glastifolia]]*
* *[[Centaurea grinensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea gymnocarpa]]*
* *[[Centaurea haradjianii]]* Wagenitz
* *[[Centaurea hedgei]]*
* *[[Centaurea helenioides]]* Boiss.
* *[[Centaurea hermannii]]* F.Hermann
* *[[Centaurea horrida]]* Badarò &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea hyalolepis]]*
* *[[Centaurea hypoleuca]]*
* *[[Centaurea iberica]]* 
* *[[Centaurea idaea]]* &ndash; *[[katsoula]]*, *[[tsita]]* (Cretan Greek)
* *[[Centaurea imperialis]]* Hausskn. ex Bornm.
* *[[Centaurea jabukensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea jacea]]* &ndash; Brown Knapweed, Brownray Knapweed
* *[[Centaurea kasakorum]]*
* *[[Centaurea kopetaghensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea kotschyana]]* Heuff.
* *[[Centaurea lanulata]]*
* *[[Centaurea leptophylla]]*
* *[[Centaurea leucophylla]]*
* *[[Centaurea limbata]]*
* *[[Centaurea lydia]]* Boiss.
* *[[Centaurea macrocephala]]* Puschk. ex Willd. &ndash; Globe Knapweed, Armenian Basketflower
* *[[Centaurea maculosa]]* &ndash; Spotted Knapweed (might belong in *C. stoebe* ssp. *micranthos*)
* *[[Centaurea mannagettae]]*
* *[[Centaurea margaritalba]]* Klok.
* *[[Centaurea marschalliana]]*
* *[[Centaurea melitensis]]* &ndash; Maltese Starthistle; *tocalote, tocolote* (California)
* *[[Centaurea minor]]*
* *[[Centaurea moschata]]* &ndash; Sweet Sultan
* *[[Centaurea ×moncktonii]]* C.E.Britton &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea monocephala]]*
* *[[Centaurea montana]]* 
* *[[Centaurea napifolia]]* L. &ndash; *[[fiordaliso romano]]* (Italian)
* *[[Centaurea nervosa]]* Rchb. ex Steud.
* *[[Centaurea nigra]]* &ndash; Common Knapweed, Black Knapweed, Lesser Knapweed, Hardheads
* *[[Centaurea nigrescens]]* &ndash; Tyrol Knapweed, Short-fringed Knapweed, Tyrol Thistle
* *[[Centaurea nigrifimbria]]* (C.Koch) Sosn.
* *[[Centaurea nivea]]* (Bornm.) Wagenitz
* *[[Centaurea onopordifolia]]*
* *[[Centaurea orientalis]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea ornata]]* Willd.
* *[[Centaurea ovina]]*

* *[[Centaurea pallescens]]* Delile
* *[[Centaurea paniculata]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea parlatoris]]*
* *[[Centaurea pecho]]*
* *[[Centaurea phrygia]]* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea pindicola]]*
* *[[Centaurea polypodiifolia]]*
* *[[Centaurea ×pratensis]]* Salisb. (*C. jacea × C. nigra*) &ndash; Meadow Knapweed
* *[[Centaurea procurrens]]*
* *[[Centaurea ×psammogena]]* G.Gayer. (*C. diffusa × C. stoebe* ssp. *micranthos*)
* *[[Centaurea pseudocaerulescens]]*
* *[[Centaurea pseudophrygia]]* C.A.Mey.
* *[[Centaurea pulcherrima]]* Willd.
* *[[Centaurea pullata]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea pumilio]]*
* *[[Centaurea ragusina]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea rigida]]*
* *[[Centaurea rothrockii]]* Greenm. 
* *[[Centaurea ruthenica]]*
* *[[Centaurea rutifolia]]* Sm.
* *[[Centaurea sadleriana]]* &ndash; Pannonian Knapweed
* *[[Centaurea salicifolia]]* Bieb. ex Willd.
* *[[Centaurea scabiosa]]* &ndash; Greater Knapweed
* *[[Centaurea scannensis]]*
* *[[Centaurea scoparia]]*
* *[[Centaurea scopulorum]]* Boiss. & Heldr.
* *[[Centaurea seguenzae]]*
* *[[Centaurea seridis]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea sibirica]]*
* *[[Centaurea simplicicaulis]]*
* *[[Centaurea sinaica]]*
* *[[Centaurea solstitialis]]* &ndash; Yellow Starthistle, Golden Starthistle, Yellow Cockspur, St. Barnaby's Thistle, Barnaby Thistle
* *[[Centaurea speciosa]]*
* *[[Centaurea sphaerocephala]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea stenolepis]]*
* *[[Centaurea stoebe]]* L.
** *Centaurea stoebe* ssp. *micranthos* (Gugler) Hayek
* *[[Centaurea straminicephala]]*
* *[[Centaurea sulphurea]]* &ndash; Sicilian Starthistle
* *[[Centaurea tauromenitana]]* Guss.
* *[[Centaurea tenoreana]]*
* *[[Centaurea tommasinii]]*
* *[[Centaurea transalpina]]* Schleich. ex DC.
* *[[Centaurea tchihatcheffii]]* 
* *[[Centaurea trichocephala]]* Bieb. ex Willd. &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea triniifolia]]*
* *[[Centaurea triumfettii]]* All.
* *[[Centaurea ucriae]]* Lacaita
* *[[Centaurea uniflora]]* Turra
* *[[Centaurea verbascifolia]]* Vahl
* *[[Centaurea verutum]]* L.
* *[[Centaurea virgata]]*
** *Centaurea virgata* ssp. *squarrosa* &ndash; 
* *[[Centaurea wiedemanniana]]* Fisch. & Mey.
* *[[Centaurea yozgatensis]]* Wagenitz



## Hình ảnh

File:Centaurea macrocephala cropped-2832.jpg|Globe knapweed (*[[Centaurea macrocephala|C. macrocephala]]*
File:Centaurea napifolia Sardinia LM.jpg|*[[Centaurea napifolia]]*
File:Centaurea nervosa (fabrizio.binello).jpg|*[[Centaurea nervosa]]*
File:Centaurea pseudophrygia DSCF1538.JPG|*[[Centaurea pseudophrygia]]*
File:Centaurea pulcherrima0.jpg|*[[Centaurea pulcherrima]]*
File:Centaurea triumfettii.jpeg|*[[Centaurea triumfettii]]*
File:0 Centaurea uniflora - Centaurée à un capitule.JPG|*[[Centaurea uniflora]]*


## Chú thích

## Liên kết ngoài

*  (2005): Effects of timing of prescribed fire on the demography of an invasive plant, spotted knapweed *Centaurea maculosa*. *[[Journal of Applied Ecology|J. Appl. Ecol.]]* **42**(1): 60-69.  (HTML abstract)
*  (2003): Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion. *[[Plant and Soil]]* **256**(1): 29–39.  PDF fulltext
*  (2006): 21. *Plectocephalus. In: [[Flora of North America North of Mexico]]* Vol. 19 (Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1). Oxford University Press.  HTML fulltext
*  (2006): 24. *Centaurea. In: [[Flora of North America North of Mexico]]* Vol. 19 (Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1). Oxford University Press.  HTML fulltext
*  (2002): Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). *[[Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington|Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.]]* **115**(4): 909–922. PDF fulltext 
*  (2002): *In vitro* Antioxidant Activity of Non-cultivated Vegetables of Ethnic Albanians in Southern Italy. *[[Phytotherapy Research|Phytother. Res.]]* **16**(5): 467–473.  PDF fulltext
*  (Κ. Γ. Σταυριδάκης) (2006): *Wild edible plants of Crete* - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης [English and Greek]. Rethymnon Crete. 
*  (2004): Biogeographical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: Novel weapons and exotic invasion. *[[Ecology Letters|Ecol. Lett.]]* **7**(4): 285–292.  PDF fulltext Supplementary material
*  (2005): *Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects - a protective mutualism and its applications*. Cambridge University Press, UK.  Preview at Google Books
* Mabberley, D.J. 1987. *The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants*. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p.&nbsp;.
* Robbins, W.W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. 1970. *Weeds of California*. State of California, Dept. of Agriculture. 547 p.
* ''Centaurea'' images
* Flora Europaea: ''Centaurea''
* USDA Plant Profile: ''Centaurea''
* Flora of China: ''Centaurea'' species list
* Flora of Chile: ''Centaurea'' (pdf)