Dysphania (Amaranthaceae)

***Dysphania*** là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Amaranthaceae.

## Các loài
Chi *Dysphania* được ghi nhận có 46 loài, được phân thành 4 nhánh:
* *Dysphania* sect. *Adenois* (Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants: 15 species, native in South and Middle America, now distributed worldwide from the tropics to warm-temperate regions:
** *[[Dysphania ambrosioides]]* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants - Epazote, Mexican-tea: native in North- and South America, naturalized in other continents.
** *[[Dysphania anthelmintica]]* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 
** *[[Dysphania burkartii]]* (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants 
** *[[Dysphania chilensis]]* (Schrad.) Mosyakin & Clemants - native in Argentina and Chile.
** *[[Dysphania multifida]]* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants - Cut-leaf goosefoot, small-leaved wormseed: native in South America, introduced from the tropics to warm-temperate regions.
** *[[Dysphania oblanceolata]]* (Speg.) Mosyakin & Clemants
** *[[Dysphania tomentosa]]* (Thouars) Mosyakin & Clemants
** *[[Dysphania venturii]]* (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants
* *Dysphania* sect. *Botryoides* (C.A.Mey.) Mosyakin & Clemants: with two subsections:
** *Dysphania* sect. *Botryoides* subsect. *Botrys* (Aellen & Iljin) Mosyakin & Clemants: with 9 species, worldwide, native in southern North America, northern South America, southern Eurasia and Africa.
*** *[[Dysphania botrys]]* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants - Jerusalem-oak, feather-geranium: native from Middle Europa to China (Xinjiang), naturalized or cultivated in other temperate regions.
*** *[[Dysphania nepalensis]]* (Link ex Colla) Mosyakin & Clemants - in Central Asia
*** *[[Dysphania procera]]* (Hochst. ex Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants 
*** *[[Dysphania pseudomultiflora]]* (Murray) Verloove & Lambinon - In South Africa.
*** *[[Dysphania schraderiana]]* (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants
** *Dysphania* sect. *Botryoides* subsect. *Incisa* (Standley) Mosyakin & Clemants: 
*** *[[Dysphania dissecta]]* (Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants - south-western North America and in South America
*** *[[Dysphania incisa]]* (Poir.) ined.
* *Dysphania* sect. *Dysphania*, with 8 species in Australia:
** *[[Dysphania glandulosa]]* Paul G.Wilson - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania glomulifera]]* (Nees) Paul G.Wilson - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania kalpari]]* Paul G.Wilson - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania littoralis]]* R.Br. - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania plantaginella]]* F.Muell. - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania platycarpa]]* Paul G.Wilson - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania rhadinostachya]]* (F.Muell.) A.J.Scott - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania simulans]]* F.Muell. & Tate - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania sphaerosperma]]* Paul G.Wilson - in Australia
** *[[Dysphania valida]]* Paul G.Wilson - in Australia
* *Dysphania* sect. *Orthospora* (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants: with 7 species in New Zealand and Australia, some species introduced in other regions:
** *[[Dysphania carinata]]* (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants - native in Australia, naturalized in other continents.
** *[[Dysphania cristata]]* (F.Muell.) Mosyakin & Clemants) - native in Australia, naturalized in other continents.
** *[[Dysphania melanocarpa]]* (J.M.Black) Mosyakin & Clemants - black crumbweed
** *[[Dysphania pumilio]]* (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants - Clammy goosefoot, small crumbweed: native in Australia, naturalized in other continents.
** *[[Dysphania pusilla]]* Mosyakin & Clemants
** *[[Dysphania saxatilis]]* (Paul G.Wilson) Mosyakin & Clemants 
** *[[Dysphania truncata]]* (Paul G.Wilson) Mosyakin & Clemants
* Not yet grouped to a section:
** *[[Dysphania atriplicifolia]]* (Spreng.) G.Kadereit, Sukhor. & Uotila
** *[[Dysphania bhutanica]]* Sukhor.
** *[[Dysphania bonariensis]]* (Hook.f.) Mosyakin & Clemants ex Sukhor.
** *[[Dysphania × bontei]]* (Aellen) Stace
** *[[Dysphania × christii]]* (Aellen) Stace
** *[[Dysphania congestiflora]]* S.J.Dillon & A.S.Markey
** *[[Dysphania congolana]]* (Hauman) Mosyakin & Clemants - in Africa
** *[[Dysphania geoffreyi]]* Sukhor.
** *[[Dysphania himalaica ]]* Uotila
** *[[Dysphania kitiae]]* Uotila
** *[[Dysphania minuata]]* (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants
** *[[Dysphania multiflora]]* (Moq.) G.Kadereit, Sukhor. & Uotila
** *[[Dysphania neglecta]]* Sukhor.
** *[[Dysphania retusa]]* (Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants ex Brignone
** *[[Dysphania stellata]]* (S.Watson) Mosyakin & Clemants - This species has 6-8 tepals
** *[[Dysphania tibetica]]* (A.J.Li) Uotila

## Hình ảnh

Tập tin:Dysphania ambrosioides 9061.JPG
Tập tin:Chenopodium botrys seeds chbo2 002 php.jpg
Tập tin:Chenopodium retusum 2.jpg
Tập tin:Dysphania multifida hábito.JPG


## Chú thích

## Tham khảo

* Steven E. Clemants & Sergei L. Mosyakin (2003): ''Dysphania'' - online. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): *Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1*. Oxford University Press, New York, , p.&nbsp;267. (chapters description, distribution, systematics)
* Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants (2008): *Further Transfers of glandular-pubescent species from Chenopodium subg. Ambrosia to Dysphania (Chenopodiaceae)*. In: *Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas* Vol.2, Nr. 1, p.&nbsp;425–431. (chapter systematics)
* Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants (2003): *Chenopodiaceae*: ''Dysphania'' – online. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Hrsg.): *Flora of China. Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae*. Science Press u.a., Beijing u.a., , p.&nbsp;376. (chapter description, vernacular name)
* species and distribution at GRIN, retrieved 30 November 2011
* Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov (2010): *Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis.* In: *American Journal of Botany*, 97(10), p.&nbsp;1664–1687.
* ''Dysphania ambrosioides'' at ''Liber Herbarum'' , retrieved 30 November 2011.
* ''Dysphania schraderiana'' at ''Liber Herbarum'' , retrieved 30 November 2011.
* First publication scanned at ''Biodiversity Heritage Library''
* Erich Oberdorfer, Theo Müller (1983): *Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora*. 5. ed., Ulmer, Stuttgart, , p.&nbsp;342
* ''Tropicos'', retrieved 30 November 2011.
* Pertti Uotila (2011): *Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore)*. – In: *Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Dysphania*. ''Euro+Med Plantbase'', retrieved 30 November 2011.
* Distribution Map for Europe