Âm vực nhạc cụ

Trong âm nhạc, **âm vực** hoặc dải âm vực của một nhạc cụ là khoảng cách từ âm thấp nhất đến cao nhất mà nó có thể chơi. Đối với một giọng hát, tương đương là âm vực giọng hát, là khoảng cách từ âm thanh thấp nhất đến âm thanh cao nhất mà giọng hát một người có thể đạt được. Âm vực của một đoạn âm nhạc là khoảng cách giữa nốt thấp nhất và cao nhất của nó.

## Âm vực điển hình

ImageSize  = width:700 height:2000
PlotArea   = left:0 right:0 top:0 bottom:20
AlignBars  = justify
Colors =
  id:b value:rgb(0.85,0.85,0.85) # instruments
  id:f value:gray(0.8) # background bar

  id:heading value:rgb(0,0.6,0.5) # class
  id:subhead value:rgb(0,0.7,0.5) # subclass
  id:2x-subhead value:rgb(0,0.8,0.5) # sub-subclass
  id:3x-subhead value:rgb(0,0.9,0) # sub-sub-subclass
  id:4x-subhead value:rgb(0,1,0.5) # families

  id:paleGray  value:rgb(0.86,0.86,0.86) # grids

BarData =
  bar:pitch
  bar:Hz
  barset:ranges
  bar:pitch2
  bar:Hz2

Period      = from:0 till:651
ScaleMajor = increment:72 start:2 gridcolor:paleGray
TimeAxis    = orientation:horizontal

Define $cc2  = 2
Define $cc1  = 74
Define $cc   = 146
Define $c    = 218
Define $c1   = 290
Define $c2   = 362
Define $c3   = 434
Define $c4   = 506
Define $c5   = 578
Define $c6   = 650
Define $dd2  = 14
Define $dd1  = 86
Define $dd   = 158
Define $d    = 230
Define $d1   = 302
Define $d2   = 374
Define $d3   = 446
Define $d4   = 518
Define $d5   = 590
Define $ee2  = 26
Define $ee1  = 98
Define $ee   = 170
Define $e    = 242
Define $e1   = 314
Define $e2   = 386
Define $e3   = 458
Define $e4   = 530
Define $e5   = 602
Define $ff2  = 32
Define $ff1  = 104
Define $ff   = 176
Define $f    = 248
Define $f1   = 320
Define $f2   = 392
Define $f3   = 464
Define $f4   = 536
Define $f5   = 608
Define $gg2  = 44
Define $gg1  = 116
Define $gg   = 188
Define $g    = 260
Define $g1   = 332
Define $g2   = 404
Define $g3   = 476
Define $g4   = 548
Define $g5   = 620
Define $aa2  = 56
Define $aa1  = 128
Define $aa   = 200
Define $a    = 272
Define $a1   = 344
Define $a2   = 416
Define $a3   = 488
Define $a4   = 560
Define $a5   = 632
Define $hh2  = 68
Define $hh1  = 140
Define $hh   = 212
Define $h    = 284
Define $h1   = 356
Define $h2   = 428
Define $h3   = 500
Define $h4   = 572
Define $h5   = 644

Define $max  = 650
PlotData=
  align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:10 shift:(0,-4)
  barset:ranges
  color:heading from:$ee  till:$c3  text:human voice
  color:b from:$ee  till:$e1  text:bass
  color:b from:$aa  till:$a1  text:baritone
  color:b from:$c   till:$c2  text:tenor
  color:b from:$f   till:$f2  text:alto
  color:b from:$a   till:$a2  text:mezzo-soprano
  color:b from:$c1  till:$c3  text:soprano

  color:heading from:$cc2 till:$c5  text:chordophones
  color:3x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$a4  text:bowed
  color:4x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$a4 text:violin family
  color:b from:$cc2 till:$aa1  text:octobass
  color:b from:$cc1 till:$a2  text:double bass
  color:b from:$cc  till:$a3  text:cello
  color:b from:$c   till:$d4  text:viola
  color:b from:$g   till:$a4  text:violin

  color:3x-subhead from:$hh2 till:$f4  text:plucked
  color:b from:$hh2 till:$f4  text:harp
  color:b from:$ff1 till:$f3  text:harpsichord
  color:b from:$ee1 till:$g1  text:bass guitar
  color:b from:$ee  till:$e3  text:guitar
  color:b from:$g   till:$d4  text:mandolin
  color:b from:$d   till:$a2  text:5-string banjo
  color:b from:$c1  till:$c3  text:ukulele

  color:3x-subhead from:$aa2 till:$c5  text:zither
  color:b from:$aa2 till:$c5  text:piano
  color:b from:$d till:$d3  text:hammered dulcimer
  color:b from:$aa1 till:$a3  text:cymbalum

  color:heading from:$cc2 till:$c6 text:aerophones
  color:subhead from:$cc2 till:$c6  text:woodwind instruments
  color:2x-subhead from:$hh2 till:$a3  text:double reed
  color:3x-subhead from:$hh2 till:$a3 text:exposed
  color:4x-subhead from:$hh2 till:$f2 text:bassoons
  color:b from:$hh2 till:$c1  text:contrabassoon
  color:b from:$hh1 till:$f2   text:bassoon

  color:4x-subhead from:$aa till:$a3 text:oboes
  color:b from:$aa   till:$g2  text:heckelphone
  color:b from:$e   till:$c3  text:cor anglais
  color:b from:$g   till:$f3  text:oboe d'amore
  color:b from:$h   till:$a3  text:oboe

  color:2x-subhead from:$dd2 till:$a4  text:single reed
  color:4x-subhead from:$dd2 till:$a4 text:clarinet family
  color:b from:$dd2 till:$h   text:octocontrabass clarinet
  color:b from:$gg2 till:$e1  text:octocontra-alto clarinet
  color:b from:$dd1 till:$h1  text:contrabass clarinet
  color:b from:$gg1 till:$e2  text:contra-alto clarinet
  color:b from:$dd  till:$h2  text:bass clarinet
  color:b from:$gg  till:$e3  text:alto clarinet
  color:b from:$d   till:$h3  text:soprano clarinet
  color:b from:$c1  till:$a4  text:sopranino clarinet

  color:4x-subhead from:$aa2 till:$d4 text:saxophone family
  color:b from:$aa2 till:$e   text:subcontrabass saxophone
  color:b from:$dd1 till:$a  text:contrabass saxophone
  color:b from:$aa1 till:$e1  text:bass saxophone
  color:b from:$dd  till:$a1  text:baritone saxophone
  color:b from:$aa  till:$e2  text:tenor saxophone
  color:b from:$d   till:$a2  text:alto saxophone
  color:b from:$a   till:$e3  text:soprano saxophone
  color:b from:$d1  till:$a3  text:sopranino saxophone
  color:b from:$a1  till:$d4  text:sopranissimo saxophone

  color:2x-subhead from:$cc  till:$d4  text:free reed
  color:b from:$cc  till:$c4  text:harmonium
  color:b from:$gg  till:$a3  text:accordion
  color:b from:$c   till:$d4  text:16-hole harmonica
  color:b from:$c1  till:$c4  text:typical C harmonica

  color:2x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$c6 text:flutes
  color:3x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$c5 text:side blown
  color:4x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$c5 text:western concert flute family
  color:b from:$cc2 till:$c   text:hyperbass flute
  color:b from:$cc1 till:$c1  text:double contrabass flute
  color:b from:$gg1 till:$g1  text:subcontrabass flute
  color:b from:$cc  till:$c2  text:contrabass flute
  color:b from:$gg  till:$g2  text:contra-alto flute
  color:b from:$c   till:$c3  text:bass flute
  color:b from:$g   till:$g3  text:alto flute
  color:b from:$c1  till:$c4  text:flute
  color:b from:$c2  till:$c5  text:piccolo

  color:3x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$c6 text:internal duct (fipple)
  color:4x-subhead from:$ff1   till:$g5  text:recorders
  color:b from:$ff1   till:$c1  text:sub-contrabass recorder
  color:b from:$cc  till:$g1  text:sub-great bass recorder
  color:b from:$ff  till:$c2  text:contrabass recorder
  color:b from:$c  till:$g2  text:great bass recorder
  color:b from:$f   till:$c3  text:bass recorder
  color:b from:$c1  till:$g3  text:tenor recorder
  color:b from:$f1  till:$c4  text:alto recorder
  color:b from:$c2  till:$g4  text:soprano recorder
  color:b from:$f2  till:$c5  text:sopranino recorder
  color:b from:$c3  till:$g5  text:garklein recorder

  color:b from:$cc2 till:$c6  text:organ*

  color:subhead from:$cc2 till:$f4  text:brass instruments
  color:4x-subhead from:$cc2 till:$f2  text:tubas
  color:b from:$cc2 till:$f text:subcontrabass tuba*
  color:b from:$aa2 till:$f1 text:contrabass tuba
  color:b from:$dd1 till:$h1 text:bass tuba
  color:b from:$aa1  till:$f2  text:euphonium

  color:4x-subhead from:$hh2  till:$f4  text:trombones
  color:b from:$hh2 till:$e1 text:contrabass trombone
  color:b from:$hh2  till:$c2  text:bass trombone
  color:b from:$ee1  till:$f2  text:tenor trombone
  color:b from:$aa  till:$h2  text:alto trombone
  color:b from:$e  till:$f3  text:soprano trombone
  color:b from:$a  till:$h3  text:sopranino trombone
  color:b from:$e1  till:$f4  text:piccolo trombone
  color:b from:$ff1  till:$f1 text:cimbasso

  color:4x-subhead from:$ff1 till:$f3  text:horns
  color:b from:$ff1  till:$f2  text:french horn
  color:b from:$ee  till:$f2  text:baritone horn
  color:b from:$aa   till:$h2  text:alto horn
  color:b from:$e   till:$f3  text:flugelhorn
  color:b from:$hh1  till:$c2  text:bass wagner tuba
  color:b from:$ee  till:$f2  text:tenor wagner tuba

  color:4x-subhead from:$ee  till:$f4  text:trumpets
  color:b from:$ee  till:$f2  text:bass trumpet
  color:b from:$e   till:$f3  text:cornet
  color:b from:$e   till:$f3  text:trumpet
  color:b from:$e1  till:$f4  text:piccolo trumpet

  color:heading from:$cc  till:$d1  text:membranophones
  color:4x-subhead from:$cc  till:$d1  text:timpani
  color:b from:$cc till:$aa text:32-inch
  color:b from:$ee till:$c text:29-inch
  color:b from:$aa till:$f text:26-inch
  color:b from:$d  till:$h text:23-inch
  color:b from:$f  till:$d1 text:20-inch

  color:heading from:$cc  till:$f5  text:idiophones
  color:4x-subhead from:$cc till:$c5 text:xylophones
  color:b from:$cc  till:$c4  text:marimba
  color:b from:$c1  till:$c5  text:xylophone
  color:4x-subhead from:$c till:$f5 text:metallophones
  color:b from:$c   till:$f5  text:celesta
  color:b from:$c   till:$f3  text:vibraphone
  color:b from:$c2  till:$f5  text:glockenspiel
  color:b from:$c3 till:$f5 text:crotales
  color:4x-subhead from:$e till:$g2 text:tubes
  color:b from:$e   till:$g2  text:tubular bells
  color:4x-subhead from:$cc till:$g2 text:vessels
  color:b from:$cc till:$g2 text:gong

  color:f textcolor:blue align:left fontsize:S mark:(line,white) shift:(3,-4)
  
  bar:pitch fontsize:M 
  from:0 till:$max
  at:$cc2  text:C₀
  at:$cc1  text:C₁
  at:$cc   text:C₂
  at:$c    text:C₃
  at:$c1   text:C₄
  at:$c2   text:C₅
  at:$c3   text:C₆
  at:$c4   text:C₇
  at:$c5   text:C₈

  bar:Hz fontsize:S
  from:0 till:$max
  at:23    text:20
  at:65    text:30
  at:105   text:44
  at:153   text:70
  at:190   text:100
  at:232   text:150
  at:262   text:200
  at:304   text:300
  at:344   text:440
  at:392   text:700
  at:430   text:1000
  at:472   text:1500
  at:502   text:2000
  at:544   text:3000
  at:583   text:4400 Hz

  bar:pitch2 fontsize:M # exact copy of bar:pitch 
  from:0 till:$max
  at:$cc2  text:C₀
  at:$cc1  text:C₁
  at:$cc   text:C₂
  at:$c    text:C₃
  at:$c1   text:C₄
  at:$c2   text:C₅
  at:$c3   text:C₆
  at:$c4   text:C₇
  at:$c5   text:C₈

  bar:Hz2 fontsize:S  # exact copy of bar:Hz 
  from:0 till:$max
  at:23    text:20
  at:65    text:30
  at:105   text:44
  at:153   text:70
  at:190   text:100
  at:232   text:150
  at:262   text:200
  at:304   text:300
  at:344   text:440
  at:392   text:700
  at:430   text:1000
  at:472   text:1500
  at:502   text:2000
  at:544   text:3000
  at:583   text:4400 Hz



*****Biểu đồ này chỉ hiển thị xuống C0, mặc dù một số Đại phong cầm, chẳng hạn như Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ, kéo dài xuống C−1 (một quãng tám dưới C0). Ngoài ra, tần số cơ bản của kèn tuba subcontrabass là B−1.




## Âm vực nhạc cụ dàn nhạc cổ điển

Cách nhạc cụ dưới đây được chọn lọc và sắp xếp theo thứ tự trong tổng phổ dàn nhạc.

**Âm vực nhạc cụ** hữu dụng cho các nhạc sĩ viết phối trí dàn nhạc.

### Âm vực Kèn gỗ

### Âm vực Kèn đồng

## Nhạc cụ kích phát

### Âm vực Hợp xướng

## Âm vực Đàn vĩ

## Thành phần dàn nhạc cổ điển

## Tham khảo