Bolma

***Bolma*** là một chi ốc biển cỡ trung bình tới lớn có nắp vôi hóa, là động vật thân mềm chân bụng sống ở biển trong họ Turbinidae, họ ốc xà cừ.

## Các loài
Theo Cơ sở dữ liệu sinh vật biển (WoRMS), các loài sau được xếp vào chi *Bolma*:

* *[[Bolma anacanthos]]* Beu & Ponder, 1979
* *[[Bolma andersoni]]* (E.A. Smith, 1902)
* *[[Bolma aureola]]* (Hedley, 1907)
* *[[Bolma austroconica]]* Beu & Ponder, 1979
* *[[Bolma bartschii]]* Dall, 1913
* *[[Bolma bathyraphis]]* (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* *[[Bolma boucheti]]* Alf & Kreipl, 2011
* *[[Bolma castelinae]]* Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
* *[[Bolma crassigranosa]]* Tenison Woods, 1877
* *[[Bolma exotica]]* (Okutani, 1969)
* *[[Bolma flava]]* Beu & Ponder, 1979
* *[[Bolma flindersi]]* Tenison Woods, 1877
* *[[Bolma fuscolineata]]* Alf & Kreipl, 2009
* *[[Bolma girgyllus]]* (Reeve, 1861)
* *[[Bolma granosa]]* Borson, 1821
* *[[Bolma guttata]]* (A. Adams, 1863)
* *[[Bolma henica]]* (Watson, 1885)
* *[[Bolma jacquelineae]]* (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
* *[[Bolma johnstoni]]* (Odhner, 1923)
* *[[Bolma kermadecensis]]* Beau & Ponder, 1979
* *[[Bolma kiharai]]* Kosuge, 1986
* *[[Bolma kreipli]]* Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
* *[[Bolma maestratii]]* Alf & Kreipl, 2009
* *[[Bolma mainbaza]]* Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
* *[[Bolma marshalli]]* Thomson, 1908
* *[[Bolma martinae]]* Kreipl & Alf, 2005
* *[[Bolma massieri]]* Bozzetti, 1992
* *[[Bolma meynardi]]* Michelotti, 1847
* *[[Bolma microconcha]]* Kosuge, 1985
* *[[Bolma midwayensis]]* (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
* *[[Bolma millegranosa]]* Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958
* *[[Bolma minuta]]* Neubert, 1998
* *[[Bolma minutiradiosa]]* Kosuge, 1983
* *[[Bolma modesta]]* (Reeve, 1843)
* *[[Bolma myrica]]* Okutani, 2001
* *[[Bolma opaoana]]* Bouchet & Métivier, 1983
* *[[Bolma persica]]* (Dall, 1907)
* *[[Bolma pseudobathyraphis]]* Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
* *[[Bolma recens]]* Dell, 1967 
* *[[Bolma rugosa]]* (Linnaeus, 1767)
** [[Bolma sabinae]]* Alf & Kreipl, 2004
* *[[Bolma somaliensis]]* Beu & Ponder, 1979
* *[[Bolma tamikoana]]* (Shikama, 1973)
* *[[Bolma tantalea]]* Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
* *[[Bolma tayloriana]]* (E.A. Smith, 1880)
* *[[Bolma venusta]]* (Okutani, 1969)

; Đồng nghĩa:
* *Bolma christianeae* Nolf, 2005 : syn. *Bolma jacquelineae* (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
* *Bolma clemenceae* Bozzetti, 2010: syn. *Bolma recens* (Dell, 1967)
* *Bolma erectospina* Kosuge, 1983: syn. *Bolma persica* (Dall, 1907)
* *Bolma formosana* (Shikama, 1977): syn. *Bolma millegranosa* (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)
* *Bolma macandrewii* (Mørch, 1868): syn. *[[Anadema macandrewii]]* (Mörch, 1868)
* *Bolma sunderlandi* Petuch, 1987: syn. *[[Cantrainea sunderlandi]]* (Petuch, 1987)

The following species are also included in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database 
* 'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola* <small>(DALL, 1925)</small>

== Hình ảnh ==
<gallery>
Astraea rugosa side view.jpg|*Bolma rugosa* 
Bolma erectospinosa 002.jpg|*Bolma persica*
</gallery>

==Chú thích==

 
==Tham khảo==

* Risso, 1826,  Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale, 4: 117
* Sacco, 1896, I Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte 21: 19
* Schepman, 1908,  Siboga Expeditie, 49a: 27
* Finlay, 1926, Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57: 367, 373
* [https://journals.australian.museum/beu-and-ponder-1979-rec-aust-mus-321-168/ Beu A. G. & Ponder W. F. (1979). *A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae)*. Records of the Australian Museum 32 (1): 1-68]
* Williams, S.T. (2007). *Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae)*. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592
* Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) *The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990*. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp.&nbsp;1–82, pls 104–245.
* Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2009-10-13)[http://www.gbif.net/species/browse/resource/172/taxon/7724064/]
* [http://web1.australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/17534/201_complete.pdf  Beu A.G. & Ponder W.F. (1979) *A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae)''. Records of the Australian Museum 32(1): 1-68.]