Afghan Wireless

**Afghan Wireless Communication Company** (;  — **AWCC**) — Afgʻonistonning birinchi va eng yirik mobil aloqa operatorlaridan biri. 2002-yilda tashkil etilgan ushbu kompaniya mamlakatning zamonaviy telekommunikatsiya tizimiga asos solgan. Kompaniya bosh qarorgohi Kobul shahrida joylashgan bo'lib, u butun mamlakat bo'ylab 5 milliondan ortiq abonentga xizmat ko'rsatadi.

## Tashkil etilish tarixi
Afghan Wireless kompaniyasi 2002-yilning aprel oyida, Afg'onistonda muvaqqat hukumat o'rnatilganidan so'ng darhol o'z faoliyatini boshlagan. 
* **Asoschi:** Kompaniya taniqli tadbirkor, "Telephone Systems International" (TSI) rahbari Ehsan Bayat tomonidan tashkil etilgan. 
* **Hamkorlik:** Kompaniya Afg'oniston Aloqa va axborot texnologiyalari vazirligi bilan qo'shma korxona (Joint Venture) shaklida tuzilgan (80% TSI, 20% hukumat).
* **Birinchi qo'ng'iroq:** 2002-yil 6-aprelda Afg'onistonning o'sha paytdagi rahbari Hamid Karzai tomonidan amalga oshirilgan birinchi rasmiy mobil qo'ng'iroq aynan AWCC tarmog'i orqali sodir bo'lgan.

## Texnologik rivojlanish bosqichlari
AWCC Afg'onistonda yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etishda kashshof hisoblanadi:
1. **2G va GSM (2002):** Dastlab faqat ovozli aloqa va SMS xizmatlari joriy etilgan.
2. **3G xizmati (2012):** Mamlakatda birinchi bo'lib yuqori tezlikdagi mobil internet xizmatini ishga tushirgan.
3. **4G/LTE (2017):** Afg'onistonning yirik shaharlarida (Kobul, Qandahor, Hirot) 4G tarmog'ini birinchi bo'lib taqdim etdi.
4. **Internet xizmatlari:** Kompaniya nafaqat mobil, balki korporativ mijozlar uchun optik tolali va sun'iy yo'ldosh internet xizmatlarini ham ko'rsatadi.

## Iqtisodiy ahamiyati va ish o'rinlari
Kompaniya Afg'oniston iqtisodiyotining eng yirik investorlaridan biri sanaladi:
* **Investitsiyalar:** Tashkil etilganidan buyon kompaniya mamlakat infratuzilmasiga 500 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq sarmoya kiritgan.
* **Ish o'rinlari:** AWCCda 5 000 dan ortiq kishi bevosita va 100 000 dan ortiq kishi bilvosita (dilerlar, savdo nuqtalari) ish bilan ta'minlangan.
* **Soliqlar:** Kompaniya Afg'oniston davlat byudjetiga eng ko'p soliq to'lovchi tashkilotlar ro'yxatida birinchi o'rinlarda turadi.

## Bayat jamg'armasi va xayriya ishlari
Kompaniya asoschisi Ehsan Bayat tomonidan tashkil etilgan "Bayat jamg'armasi" (Bayat Foundation) orqali AWCC ko'plab ijtimoiy loyihalarni amalga oshiradi:
* **Sog'liqni saqlash:** Mamlakat bo'ylab o'nlab tug'ruqxonalar va shifoxonalar qurilgan.
* **Ta'lim:** Maktablar ta'mirlanadi va talabalar uchun stipendiyalar ajratiladi.
* **Gumanitar yordam:** Qishki mavsumda kam ta'minlangan oilalarga oziq-ovqat va kiyim-kechak yetkazib beriladi.

## Mukofotlari
AWCC ko'plab xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan e'tirof etilgan:
* "Afg'onistondagi eng yaxshi korporativ ijtimoiy mas'uliyat" mukofoti.
* "Yilning eng yaxshi telekommunikatsiya kompaniyasi" (Xalqaro biznes mukofotlari).

## Hozirgi holati
2021-yildagi siyosiy o'zgarishlardan so'ng, Afghan Wireless o'z faoliyatini to'xtatmadi. Kompaniya mamlakatning barcha 34 ta viloyatida o'z qamroviga ega bo'lib, tarmoqni kengaytirish va yangilash ishlarini davom ettirmoqda. Bugungi kunda u Afg'oniston raqamli iqtisodiyotining eng muhim ustuni hisoblanadi.

## Manbalar

1. "The Birth of Mobile Communications in Afghanistan: The AWCC Story". Forbes Magazine, 2015.
2. "Ehsan Bayat and the reconstruction of Afghanistan". The Wall Street Journal, 2012.
3. "Technical Profile of Afghan Wireless Communication Company". GSM Association (GSMA) Reports.
4. "The impact of telecommunications on Afghan economy (2002–2021)". World Bank Economic Review.
5. "First Call: How Afghan Wireless changed a nation". BBC Business News Archive, 2002.
6. "Afghan Wireless launches first 4G LTE network in Kabul". TOLO News, 2017.
7. "Ehsanollah Bayat: A profile of Afghan Entrepreneurship". Harvard Business Review Case Studies.
8. "Bayat Foundation: Social responsibility and healthcare projects in Afghanistan". USAID Partner Reports.
9. "The telecommunications sector in post-Taliban Afghanistan". International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
10. "AWCC: Connecting Afghanistan to the World". Reuters Business Photo Essay.
11. "Corporate Governance in Afghan Wireless". Journal of Central Asian Business.
12. "The role of GSM in the Afghan peace process". United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.
13. "Official website of Afghan Wireless Communication Company — Corporate History".
14. "Ministry of Communications and IT: Annual Reports on Mobile Operators".
15. "Afghan Wireless and the digital future of Kabul". Al Jazeera English, 2019.
16. "Satellite and Optical Fiber expansion in Afghanistan". Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT).
17. "The resilience of Afghan private sector: AWCC case study". Brookings Institution.
18. "Telecommunications Law of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan". Official Gazette.
19. "Bayat Foundation's impact on maternal health". World Health Organization (WHO) field reports.
20. "Interview with Ehsan Bayat on the future of Afghan tech". Financial Times.