Nadine Gordimer

**Nadine Gordimer** (1923-yil 20-noyabr2014-yil 13-iyul) – Janubiy Afrikalik yozuvchi va siyosiy aktivist. 1991-yilda adabiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan va „oʻzining ajoyib epik asarlari orqali insoniyatga juda katta foyda keltirgan“ yozuvchi sifatida tan olingan.

Gordimerning asarlari asosan axloqiy va irqiy muammolarga, shuningdek Janubiy Afrikadagi aparteidga bagʻishlangan holda yozilgan. Oʻsha davrlarda *Burger’s Daughter* kabi asarlar taqiqlangan edii. Shunga qaramasdan Gordimer aparteidga qarshi harakatda faol boʻlgan, tashkilot taqiqlangan kunlarda Afrika Milliy Kongressiga qoʻshilgan va Nelson Mandelaga 1964-yildagi mashhur mudofaa nutqi boʻyicha maslahat bergan va bu uning umrbod hukm qilinishiga olib kelgan. U OIV/OITS masalalarida ham faol edi.

## Hayoti
Gordimer Yoxannesburg tashqarisida joylashgan Sharqiy Rand kon shaharchasi Springs yaqinida tugʻilgan. U Litvaning Žagarė shahridan (oʻsha paytda Rossiya imperiyasi tomonidan bosib olingan) litvalik yahudiy muhojir soatsoz Isidore Gordimerning va Londondan Hannah „Nan“ Gordimerlarning ikkinchi qizi edi. Uning onasi yahudiy assimilyatsiya qilingan oiladan edi, lekin Gordimer dunyoviy qarashlarga oilada oʻsgan.

Gordimerning ota-onasi unda Janubiy Afrikadagi irqiy va iqtisodiy tengsizlikka qiziqishini uygʻotishadi. Aslida otasining chor Rossiyasidan qochqin boʻlib kelganligi Gordimerning siyosatga qiziqishiga sababchi boʻladi. Aksincha, Gordimerning onasi anchagina faol boʻladi, uning Janubiy Afrikadagi qora tanlilar duch keladigan qashshoqlik va kamsitishlar haqidagi tashvishi uni qora tanli bolalar uchun bolalar bogʻchasi ochishga undaydi. Gordimer o'smirlik chogʻidanoq hukumat repressiyalarini oʻz koʻzi bilan koʻrgan, politsiya uning oilasiga bostirib kirib, xizmatkor xonasidan xat va kundaliklarni musodara qilgan.

## Faoliyati
Gordimer Witwatersrand universitetida bir yil davomida oʻqiydi. Shuningdek, u Sophiatown renessansiga ham oʻz hissasini qoʻshgan. Afsuski u oʻqishni tamomlay olmaydi, ammo 1948-yilda Yoxannesburgga koʻchib oʻtadi va u yerda yashay boshlaydi. Yoxannesburgda saboq olayotganda, u ijod qilishni davom ettiradi va asosan Janubiy Afrikaning mahalliy jurnallarida oz ishlarini nashr ettiradi. U 1949-yilda chop etilgan „Face to Face“ kitobida oʻzining dastlabki hikoyalarning koʻpini toʻplagan.

1951-yilda *New Yorker* gazetasi Gordimerning „ Watcher of the Dead“ hikoyasini qabul qildi va bu esa ularning uzoq muddatli hamkorliklarining boshlanishi edi. Qisqa hikoyalarni bizning davrimiz uchun adabiy shakl deb hisoblagan Gordimer qisqa hikoyalarini *New Yorker* va boshqa taniqli adabiy jurnallarda nashr etishda davom etadi. Uning birinchi noshiri Lulu Friedman parlamentariy Bernard Friedmanning rafiqasi edi va Gordimer boshqa antiaparteid yozuvchilari bilan Yoxannesburgning Quyi Xoughtondagi „Baland daraxtlar“ uyida uchrashgan. Gordimerning ilk romani "The Lying Days " 1953-yilda nashr etilgan.

1960-yilda uning eng yaqin doʻsti Bettie du Toitning hibsga olinishi va Sharpevil qirgʻini Gordimerning aparteidga qarshi harakatga kirishiga turtki boʻladi. Shundan soʻng, u tezda Janubiy Afrika siyosatida faollashadi va 1962-yilgi sud jarayonida Nelson Mandelaning himoyachilari (Bram Fisher va Jorj Bizos) bilan yaqin doʻst boʻldi. U, shuningdek, Mandelaga uning mahkamasidan berilgan mashhur „Men oʻlishga tayyorman“ nutqini tahrirlashda yordam ham bergan. 1990-yilda Mandela qamoqxonadan chiqqanida, eng koʻp Gordimerni koʻrishni xohlaydi.

### Adabiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti
Gordimer 1972-1973-yillarda Shvetsiya akademiyasi aʼzosi Artur Lundkvist tomonidan adabiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti bilan taqdirlangan.

## Mukofot va unvonlari

* W. H. Smith Commonwealth Literary Award for *Friday’s Footprint* (1961)
* James Tait Black Memorial Prize for *A Guest of Honour* (1972)
* Booker Prize for *The Conservationist* (1974)
* Central News Agency Literary Award for *The Conservationist* (1974)
* Grand Aigle d’Or (France) (1975)
* Orange Prize shortlist; she declined
* Central News Agency Literary Award for *Burger’s Daughter* (1979)
* Central News Agency Literary Award for *July’s People* (1981)
* Scottish Arts Council Neil M. Gunn Fellowship (1981)
* Modern Language Association Honorary Fellow (1984)
* Rome Prize (1984)
* Premio Malaparte (Italy) (1985)
* Nelly Sachs Prize (Germany) (1985)
* Bennett Award (United States) (1987)
* Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for *A Sport of Nature* (1988)
* Inducted as an honorary member into Phi Beta Kappa (1988)
* Central News Agency Literary Award for *My Sonʼs Story* (1990)
* Nobel Prize for Literature (1991)
* International Botev Prize Laureate (1996)
* Commonwealth Writers' Prize for the Best Book from Africa for *The Pickup* (2002)
* Booker Prize longlist for *The Pickup* (2001)
* Officier of the Legion of Honour (2007)
* American Philosophical Society, Member (2008)
* American Academy of Arts and Letters, Honorary Member (1979)
* American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Honorary Member (1980)
* Royal Society of Literature, Fellow
* Congress of South African Writers, Patron
* Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Commander
* 15 honorary degrees
* Senior Fellow, Massey College of the University of Toronto
* Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Archbishop Desmond Tutu at an awards ceremony at St. Georgeʼs Cathedral in Cape Town, South Africa (2009)
* Order of the Aztec Eagle
### Romanlari

* *The Lying Days* (1953)
* *A World of Strangers* (1958)
* *Occasion for Loving* (1963)
* *The Late Bourgeois World* (1966)
* *A Guest of Honour* (1970)
* *The Conservationist* (1974) – joint winner of the Booker prize in 1974
* *Burger’s Daughter* (1979)
* *July’s People* (1981)
* *A Sport of Nature* (1987)
* *My Sonʼs Story* (1990)
* *None to Accompany Me* (1994)
* *The House Gun* (1998)
* *The Pickup* (2001)
* *Get a Life* (2005)
* *No Time Like the Present* (2012)

### Sahna asarlari

* *The First Circle*, *Janubiy Afrikalik mualliflarning oltita bir pardali pyesasi* (1949)

### Qisqa hikoyalari

* *[[Face To Face (Nadine Gordimer Short Story)|Face to Face]]* (1949)
* *The Soft Voice of the Serpent* (1952)
* *[[Six Feet of the Country]]* (1956)
* *[[Which New Era Would That Be?]]* (1956)
* *[[Friday's Footprint]]* (1960)
* *[[Not for Publication (book)|Not for Publication]]* (1965)
* *[[Livingstone's Companions]]* (1970)
* *Selected Stories* (1975)
* *Some Monday for Sure (1976)*
* *[[No Place Like: Selected Stories]]* (1978)
* *[[A Soldier's Embrace]]* (1980)
* *[[Town and Country Lovers]]* (1982), published by Sylvester &amp;amp; Orphanos
* *[[Something Out There]]* (1984)
* *[[Correspondence Course and other Stories]]* (1984)
* *[[The Moment Before the Gun Went Off]]* (1988)
* *Once Upon a Time* (1989)
* *Crimes of Conscience* (1991)
* ** (1991)
* *[[Why Haven't You Written: Selected Stories 1950-1972]]* (1992)
* *[[Something for the Time Being 1950-1972]]* (1992)
* *Loot and Other Stories* (2003)
* *Beethoven Was One-Sixteenth Black* (2007)
* „A Beneficiary“ (2007)
* *[[Life Times: Stories]]* (2011)

### Insholari

* *[[The Black Interpreters]]* (1973)
* *What Happened to Burger’s Daughter or How South African Censorship Works* (1980)
* *[[The Essential Gesture|The Essential Gesture: Writing, Politics and Places]]* (1988)
* *[[Writing and Being|Writing and Being: The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures]]* (1995)
* *Living in Hope and History* (1999)
* 

### Tahrirlangan asarlari

* *Telling Tales* (2004)
* *Telling Times: Writing and Living, 1950–2008* (2010)

## Yana qarang

* List of female Nobel laureates
* List of Jewish Nobel laureates

## Manbalar

## Havolalar

* Works by Nadine Gordimer at Open Library
* 
* Short Stories by Nadine Gordimer on the Web
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Portraits of Nadine Gordimer at the National Portrait Gallery, London