Maitrī

**** (; Pali: **) – bu sanskritcha va palicha soʻz boʻlib, xayrixohlik, sevgi va mehribonlik, doʻstlik, samimiylik, yaxshi niyat va boshqalarga kuchli qiziqish kabi maʼnolarni anglatadi. Bu – toʻrt ilohiy holatning () birinchisi va Teravada budda maktablaridagi oʻnta dan biridir.

Mehribonlik ()ni rivojlantirish – buddaviy meditatsiyaning mashhur shakllaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu meditatsiya toʻrt oʻlchovsiz xolat () tarkibiga kiradi.  koʻpincha „rahm-shafqat meditatsiyasi“ sifatida Osiyo mamlakatlarida amaliyotga tatbiq etiladi; bu yerda rohiblar uni xalq uchun ovoz chiqarib, xonish shaklida bajaradilar.

ning rahm-shafqat va universallikdagi mehribonlik tushunchasi *[[Metta Sutta]]*da keng yoritilgan boʻlib, u Hind dinlaridan – yaʼni Hinduzm va Jaynizmda ham uchraydi: sanskritda *maitri* va palicha *metta* shaklida.

Baʼzi kichik hajmdagi tadqiqotlar sevgi va xayrixohlik meditatsiyasining bemorlarga foydasi boʻlishi mumkinligini koʻrsatgan. Biroq, ilmiy sharhlarda bu tadqiqotlarning sifat va namunalar hajmi tanqid ostiga olingan.

## Etimologiyasi va maʼnosi
 – bu palicha soʻz boʻlib, sanskrit tilidagi  soʻzidan olingan, u esa oʻz navbatida  soʻzidan kelib chiqqan. Monier Monier-Williamsning soʻzlariga koʻra, *mitra* soʻzi „doʻst“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi. Bu atama *[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]*, ayrim Upanishadlar va Vedanga adabiyotlarida, jumladan Pāṇinining *Aṣṭādhyāyī* asarida (5.4.36) ham uchraydi. Bu tushuncha buddaviylik matnlarida muhim gʻoya va amaliyot sifatida tez-tez tilga olinadi.

Buswell, Lopez hamda Harvey  atamasini „mehribonlik“ yoki „xayrixohlik“ deb tarjima qiladilar. Buddaviy eʼtiqodga koʻra, bu –  (ilohiy holat) boʻlib, oʻzida cheksiz xayrixohlikni mujassam etadi. U yomon niyatga qarshi meditatsion holatga olib boradi. Bu holat orqali inson salbiy ruhiy kechinmalarga bogʻlanishni tark etib, barcha mavjudotlarga nisbatan xayrixohlikni oʻzida rivojlantiradi.

ning „uzoq dushmani“ – bu nafrat yoki yomon niyat boʻlib, u unga qarama-qarshidir. „Yaqin dushmani“ esa (yaʼni koʻrinishidan oʻxshash, ammo aslida mohiyatan zid) – bu ochkoʻzlikdir: bunda inson maʼlum fazilatlarni yaxshi koʻradi, lekin notoʻgʻri sabablar bilan yaxshi koʻradi.

## Manbalar

## Adabiyotlar

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