Egypt’s Negotiations with Germany over the Bust of Nefertiti

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi*' mu*

Nefertiti Nkramoa a ɛwɔ Berlin's Neues Museum no yɛ wiase agyapade a agye din paa a nnipa pii ani gye ho. Efi bere a Germanfo a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu kuw no hui wɔ Misraim wɔ 1912 mu no, efi saa bere no, wɔabɛhwɛ sɛ Egypt ne Germany ntam bɛyɛ yiye anaa. Egypt aka no mpɛn pii sɛ wɔmfa nkae no mma wɔn, na wɔka sɛ wɔayi no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛmfata so, na ɛyɛ ne amammerɛ ne ne man no fa titiriw.

Abakɔsɛm Mu Nsɛm: Nhomanim ne Ɔkasatia

Wɔ December 6, 1912 mu na wohuu ahenkyɛw no, bere a na Germanfo a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu Ludwig Borchardt rekotutu fam wɔ Amarna, Farao Akhenaten ahenkurow a na ɛwɔ hɔ tete no, no. Woduu hɔ no, ankyɛ koraa na wɔde tete nneɛma no kɔɔ Germany wɔ German tete nneɛma ho animdefo ne Egypt Tete Nneɛma Dwumadibea no ntam. (Foster, 2020).

Akyiri yi, Egypt mpanyimfo bɔɔ Borchardt sobo sɛ ɔhyɛɛ da daa abususɛm adi wɔ abosom no ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkɔ so de abosom no ahyɛ Germanyfo nsa. Sɛnea abakɔsɛm ho kyerɛwtohɔ kyerɛ no, Borchardt kaa sɛ ne nkaedum no yɛ nkaedum a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ a mfaso biara nni so, na ɛkata ne nkaedum ne ne amammerɛ so.

Sɛnea Ɛfa Nkɔso Ho

Nefertiti Agyinamoa no nyɛ mfonini bi kɛkɛ; ɛyɛ Ɔhemmaa Nefertiti, tete Egypt mmeaɛ a na wɔwɔ tumi na wobu wɔn paa no biako. Sɛ́ Akhenaten yere no, Nefertiti dii dwuma titiriw wɔ nyamesom ne amammuisɛm mu nsakrae ahorow mu, na wobu ne ti so mfonini sɛ tete Egyptfo mfoni a ɛyɛ fɛ sen biara.

Wɔ Egyptfo fam no, nkaedum no yɛ ɔman no ahantan ho sɛnkyerɛnne, na sɛ wɔda so ara de ka ho wɔ Germany a, wohu no sɛ nneɛma a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ nniso ase no ho nkae. Egypt atumfoɔ ne amammerɛ ho adwumayɛfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan de obi a wɔkyeree no bere a na aman foforo di ne so no ma Egyptfo no nya wɔn agyapade.

Mmɔden a Egypt rebɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn aba wɔn man mu

Egypt nniso ahorow a ɛbaa wɔn so, titiriw no, wɔ Tete Nneɛma Akwankyerɛ Kuw no mu no, akɔ so ara abisa sɛ wɔnsan mfa mfonini no mma wɔn. Egyptfo a wɔagye din te sɛ Dr. Zahi Hawass, a na ɔyɛ tete nneɛma ho ɔmansin sohwɛfo no, aka no denneennen sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan de sika a wɔakyekyere no no ma no, na ɔkyerɛɛ mu sɛ ɛyɛ Egypt agyapade a wɔn ani gye ho sen biara.

Wɔ afe 2009 mu no, Egypt kaa sɛ wɔnsan mfa mfoni no mma wɔn, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛba bere koro no ara a wobue Egypt Tete Nneɛma Akorae Kɛse no. Germany ampene, na wɔkae sɛ wɔfaa sika no kɔɔ ɔman no mu wɔ mmara kwan so, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo sɛ wɔbɛfa akɔ. Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, a ɛhwɛ Berlin tete nneɛma akorae so no, agye asɛm no ato mu bere nyinaa, na ɛka sɛ mmara biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ wɔn kurom sɛnea German mmara kyerɛ no.

Germany's Position and Legal Stance German atumfoɔ no kyerɛ sɛ, wɔfaa mmara kwan so na wɔfaa ɔkwan a emu da hɔ so nyaa tete nneɛma no, wɔ mmara a ɛfa ɔfa a wɔkyekyɛ (a ɛne sɛ wɔkyekyɛ tete nneɛma no mu) a na wɔde yɛ tete nneɛma a wɔtutuu fam hwehwɛ mu no saa bere no mu. Wɔsan kyerɛ sɛ wɔakora nkaedum no so, wɔasua ho ade, na nnipa pii ani agye ho wɔ Germany bɛboro mfe ɔha ni, na abɛyɛ wiase amammerɛ agyapade no fa. Mmara mu ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛwɔ Germany, a German amammerɛ agyapade a wɔbɔ ho ban mmara ka ho, ma ɛyɛ den ma ɔman nnwumakuw no sɛ wobegye nneɛma no. Bio nso, Germany ka amanaman ntam apam ahorow, te sɛ UNESCO 1970 apam no, a ɛnyɛ nea edi akyiri no ho asɛm, na ɛno nti wɔayi nsa a wɔde dii kan ansa na afe 1970 reba, te sɛ Nefertiti abosomdua no afi mu. Bere a mmara mu gyinabea no ma Germany gyina no, abrabɔ fam akyinnyegye no kɔ so nya ahoɔden. Nhomanimfo ne wɔn a wɔpere sɛ wɔbɛsesa nneɛma no kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ amanaman ntam agyapadeɛ mmara ne atɛntenenee a wɔde di nsɛm a ɛfa amammerɛ ho no kyerɛ wɔn kwan. Wɔtaa de Nefertiti asɛm no toto Benin Bronzes anaa Elgin Marbles ho, na ɔmanfo no taa gye gye ho sɛ wɔbɛsan ama no ayɛ ɔmansin no akyi ayaresa no fa.

Wɔ abɛɛfo mfidie berɛ yi mu no, wɔabɔ mmɔden nso sɛ wɔbɛsan de abɛɛfo mfidie no akɔ ɔman no mu anaasɛ wɔde no akɔto sikakorabea, ɛwom sɛ Egypt hyɛ da ka sɛ wɔbɛsan de ne nyinaa akɔma no, na wɔasi nkaesɛm a ɛfa abɛɛfo mfidie ho no so dua.

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