Buchi Emecheta

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ *'Asante** kasa mu''

**BUCHI EMECHETA*'

Florence Onyebuchi "Buchi" Emecheta OBE (kutawonsa 21, 1944 – Ɔpɛpɔn 25, 2017) yɛ ayɛsɛm kyerɛfoɔ a wɔwoo no wɔ Nigeria, a wɔatena UK firi afe 1962, a ɔsane nso twerɛ agodie ne n'ankasa asetena ho nsɛm, ne adwuma a ɔyɛ maa mmɔfra. wɔatwerɛ nwoma bɛboro aduonu (20), a deɛ ɛka ho ne Second Class Citizen (1974), The Bride Price (1976), The Slave Girl (1977) ne The Joys of Motherhood (1979). N’ayɛsɛm a edi kan no mu dodoɔ no ara, Allison ne Busby na wotintim wɔ faako a na ne samufoɔ ne Margaret Busby.

Emecheta nsɛmti a ɛfa mmɔfra nkoasom, ɛnayɛ, mmaa ahofadie a ɛnam nnwomasua so nya no hyeta firi akasatiefoɔ ne anuonyam hɔ. Berɛ bi ɔkaa n'asɛm sɛ "wiase ho nsɛm, baabi a mmaa hyia amansan nyinaa haw ahodoɔ a ɛne ohia ne nhyɛso, na dodoɔ a wɔtena hɔ kyɛ no, mfa ho baabi a wofiri ankasa no, wɔn dodoɔ no ara haw ahodoɔ no yɛ pɛ." Ne nnwuma hwehwɛ nhwɛsoɔ a ɛda atetesɛm ne nnɛ yi nnoɔma ntɛm. Wɔaka ne ho asɛm sɛ "ɔbaa bibini ayɛsɛm twerɛfoɔ a ɔdi kan a ɔdii yiye a ɔtenaa Britain wɔ 1948 akyi".



==MFITIASEƐ ASETENA NE NWOMASUA==
Wɔwoo Buchi Emecheta wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn 21 1944, wɔ Lagos, Nigeria, na n'awofoɔ yɛ Igbofoɔ, Alice (Okwuekwuhe) Emecheta ne Jeremy Nwabudinke. Na n’awofoc firi Umuezeokolo Odeanta akuraa a ɛwɔ Ibusa, Delta Mantam mu no ase. Na ne papa yɛ keteke adwumayɛni ne nwenefoɔ. N’ayɛsɛm, Akoa Abaawa (1977) no fi ne maame, Alice Ogbanje Ojebeta Emecheta a na anka ɔyɛ akoa, a ne nua barima tɔn no kɔɔ nkoasom mu maa ne busuani bi sɛ ɔntɔ sirikyi ti tie mma n’asew a ɔsa bere a ɔrenyini no. Bere a n’awuraa wuiɛ no, Ogbanje Emecheta san kɔɔ fie kɔɔ ahofadie mu.

Esiane sɛ na ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna mu animhwɛ a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no nti, mfitiase no na wɔde Emecheta kumaa no tenaa fie berɛ a wɔde ne nua barima kumaa kɔ sukuu no; nanso berɛ a ɔdaadaa n’awofo ma wɔsusu mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ ne nwomasua so akyi no, ɔde ne mmɔfra berɛ mu kɔɔ asɛmpatrɛ sukuu bi a mmaa nkutoo na wɔ mu. Bere a ɔdii mfeɛ nkron no, ne papa wuiɛ"esiane nsɛnnennen a ɛmaa kuro bi bɔeɛ wɔ Burma atɛkyɛ mu, faako a na wɔagye no sɛ wɔnko mma Lord Louis Mountbatten ne British Empire no nkae no de bae nti.  Afe baako akyi no, Emecheta nyaa sika a edi mu kɔɔ Methodist Mmabaa Sukuu a ɛwɔ Yaba, Lagos, na ɔtena hɔ kɔsii sɛ ɔdii mfeɛ du-nsia (16) Saa berɛ yi mu no, ne maame nso wuiɛ maa Emecheta yɛɛ awesia. Wɔ afe 1960 mu no, ɔwaree Sylvester Onwordi, sukuuni abarimaa bi a ɔne no ayɛ ayeforo firi berɛ a ɔdii mfeɛ du-baako (11). Akyiri wɔ saa afe no mu no, ɔwoo ɔbabaa, na wɔ 1961 mu no wɔ sane woo babarima kumaa kaa ho.

Ntɛm ara na Onwordi tu kɔɔ London kɔɔ sukuupɔn mu, na Emecheta ne wɔn mma mmienu a bɛkaa ne ho wɔ hɔ afe 1962 mu. Ɔwoo mma num wɔ mfeɛ nsia mu, mmaa mmiensa ɛna mmarima mmienu. Na n’aware no nyɛ anigye nko ara na mmom ɛtɔ da a basabasayɛ wɔm, sɛdeɛ wɔatwerɛ wɔ n’ankasa asetena ho nsɛm te sɛ 1974's Second-Class Citizen mu. Sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a n’adwendwen so bɛte nti no, na Emecheta twerɛ wɔ n’ahomegye berɛ mu. Nanso, na ne kunu adwene mu yɛ no naa kɛse wɔ ne ntwerɛ no ho, na awieɛ koraa no ɔhyee ne nsaano ntwerɛ a edi kan no, sɛdeɛ ɛdaa adi wɔ The Bride Price mu, a awieɛ koraa no Ɔdane no adi wɔ 1976 mu no. Ɛno ne ne nwoma a edi kan, nanso na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔsane twerɛ no wɔ deɛ edi kan no akyi a na yɛasɛe no no. Akyiri yi ɔkae sɛ: “Mfie num na ɛda ntwerɛeɛ mmienu no ntɛm.”

Berɛ a Emecheta dii mfeɛ aduonu-mmienu (22), a onyinsɛn ne ba a ɔtɔ so num no, ɔgyae ne kunu.  Berɛ a ɔreyɛ adwuma de ahwɛ ne mma nkutoo no, ɔnyaa B.Sc. (Hons) abodin krataa wɔ Sociology mu afe 1972 mu wɔ London Sukuupɔn mu. Wɔ n’abrabɔ ho asɛm a ɔtwerɛ yɛ wɔ 1984 mu, Head above Water mu no, ɔtwerɛ sɛ: “Ɛdefa nkwa a mennyae wɔ mfie aduonu a atwam mu wɔ England, efiri berɛ a medii boro mfie aduonu kakra, a metwee nkokoa nan a wɔn ho yɛ nwonu na wɔrewoso ka me ho na menyinsɛn deɛ ɔtɔ so num no—ɛno yɛ anwonwade”. Ɔkɔɔ so nyaa ne PhD wɔ sukuupɔn mu wɔ afe1991 mu.

==N’ADWUMA==
Emecheta firi aseɛ twerɛ ne suahunu ahodoɔ a ɛfa Abibifoɔ British asetena ho wɔ asɛm bi a ɔtwerɛ daa wɔ New Statesman mu, na saa nsɛm yi a wɔaboaboa ano bɛyɛɛ ne nwoma a edi kan a wɔ tintim wɔ 1972 mu, In the Ditch. Ayɛsɛm a ɛfa n’ankasa asetena ho fa bi no ma ɔkaa apereperedie a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ nipa titiri bi a wɔfrɛ no Adah a wɔhyɛ no ma ɔtena dan mu berɛ a ɔreyɛ adwuma sɛ nwoma korabea hwɛsofoɔ de ahwɛ ne mma num no ho asɛm. N’ayɛsɛm a ɛtɔ so mmienu a wɔ tintim no mfeɛ mmienu akyi, Second-Class Citizen (Allison ne Busby, 1974), nso twee adwene sii Emecheta ankasa suahunu so, na awieeɛ koraa no, Allison ne Busby tintim nwoma mmienu no nyinaa wɔ ade baako mu a n’asɛmti yɛ Adah’s Story (1983). Saa nsɛm mmiɛnsa yi de Emecheta nsɛmti titire mmiɛnsa a ɛne hwehwɛ a ɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɔne no bɛyɛ pɛ, ahotosoɔ a ɔwɔ wɔ ne ho ne nidie sɛ ɔbaa no baeɛ. Ne nnwuma Gwendolen (1989) nso a wɔ tintim sɛ abusua, Kehinde (1994) ne The New Tribe (2000) no yɛ soronko wɔ ɔkwan bi so berɛ a ɛfa akwantufoɔ asetena ho nsɛm wɔ Great Britain.

Bere a Emecheta dii yiye sɛ ɔtwerɛfoɔ akyi no, otutuu akwan pii sɛ ɔbenfoɔ a ɔsrasra ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛfoɔ. Ɔkɔɔ Amerika sukuupɔn ahodoɔ pii mu, a Pennsylvania Ɔman Sukuupɔn, Rutgers Sukuupɔn, California Sukuupɔn, Los Angeles, ne Illinois Sukuupɔn a ɛwɔ Urbana-Champaign ka ho. Efiri 1980 kɔsi 1981 no, na ɔyɛ ɔpanyin a ɔte hɔ ne Engiresi kasa ho ɔbenfoɔ nsrahwɛfɔ wɔ Calabar Sukuupɔn mu, Nigeria. Efrii afe 1982 kɔsi 1983 no, Emecheta ne ne babarima Sylvester bɔɔ mu dii Ogwugwu Afor Publishing Company so, na wotintim n’ankasa adwuma wɔ ntwerɛeɛ no ase, ɔfiri ase wɔ Double Yoke (1982) so. Ɔnyaa Arts Council of Great Britain bursary, 1982–83, na na ɔyɛ Granta "Best of the Young Novelists" no mu baako wɔ afe 1983 mu. Wɔ afe 1982 mu no, ɔmaa ɔkasa wɔ Yale Sukuupɔn mu, ne London Sukuupɔn mu. Ɔbɛyɛɛ Fellow wɔ London Sukuupɔn mu wɔ afe 1986 mu.

Mfeɛ pii mu no, Emecheta ne amammerɛ ne nwoma ahyehyɛdeɛ bebree yɛɛ adwuma, a Africa Centre, London, ne Caine Prize for African Writing sɛ Afotufoɔ Bagua no mu ni. 

Buchi Emecheta nyaa stroke wɔ afe 2010 mu, na owui wɔ London wɔ Ɔbɛnem 25 2017, a na wadi mfeɛ aduoson-mmienu (72). 

N’ayɛsɛm dodoɔ no ara twe adwene si nna mu nyinsɛn ne mmusuakuo mu adwemmɔne a n’ankasa osuahunu ahodoɔ sɛ ɔwofo a ɔnni ɔhokafo ne ɔbaa a ɔyɛ abibini a ɔte United Kingdom nyinaa de ma no so.

==ABASOBƆ NE ANUOYAMHYƐ A ƆNYAEƐ==

Ne nidie a ɔnyae wɔ n’atwerɛ adwuma mu no bi ne sɛ, Emecheta nyaa 1978 Jock Campbell Prize firi New Statesman (Chinua Achebe Arrow of God na ɔdii kan nyaa no) wɔ n’ayɛsɛm The Slave Girl, ne ɔno na ɛwɔ Granta nsɛmma nwomano 1983 din a ɛfa "Britania Ayɛsɛm Atwerɛfoɔ Mmabunu a Wɔsen Biara" aduonu (20) mu. Na ɔyɛ British Home Secretary’s Advisory Council wɔ Race mu afe 1979 mu.

Wɔ ɔbɔ 2004 mu no, ɔdaa ne ho adi wɔ "A Great Day in London" mfoni a wɔtwere wɔ British Nwoma korabea, a na Abibifoɔ ne Asiafoɔ atwerɛfoɔ aduonum(50) a wɔaboa kɛse wɔ nnɛ yi British nwoma ahodoɔ mu. Wɔ afe 2005 mu no, wɔyɛɛ no ​​OBE wɔ ɔsom a ɔde maa nwoma. 

Ɔnyaa Honorary doctorate wɔ nwoma mu wɔ Farleigh Dickinson Suapɔn mu wɔ afe 1992 mu.

==AGYAPADEƐ==

Wɔ afe 2017 mu no, Emecheta babarima Sylvester Onwordi de too dwa sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ Buchi Emecheta Foundation – adɔeɛ ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛhyɛ nwoma ne nwomasua adwuma ho nkuran wɔ UK ne Afrika a wɔhyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ London wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn 3 2018 wɔ Brunei Gallery, SOAS, ne ne nwoma ahodoɔ pii a Onwordi nam ne Omenala Press so tintim no foforo. Wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ "Celebrating Buchi Emecheta" da no nyinaa dwumadie no mu ne "atwerɛfoɔ, akasatiafo, adwumfoɔ, nwoma tintimfoɔ, wɔn a wɔn ani gye nwoma ho ne amammerɛ ho adwumayɛfoɔ a wofi wiase nyinaa, a London ne U.K. mmeaeɛ afoforoɔ ka ho, France a wɔaboaboa wɔn ano." , Germany, U.S., Canada, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, ne Caribbean" – na wɔyɛ Diane Abbott, Leila Aboulela, Carole Boyce Davies, Margaret Busby, James Currey, Louisa Uchum Egbunike, Ernest Emenyonu, Akachi Ezeigbo, Kadija George , Mpalive Msiska, Grace Nichols, Alastair Niven, Irenosen Okojie, Veronique Tadjo, Marie Linton Umeh, Wangui wa Goro, ne Bibi Bakare-Yusuf.

Wɔ Oforisuo 2019 mu no, Camden Town Brewery de bɔɔlbɔ ho nnoɔma bi a wɔde adwini a ɛkyerɛ "mmaa ahyɛnsodeɛ a ɛkanyan adwene pa a wɔanya nkɛntɛnsoɔ wɔ brewery no fie kuro Camden" adi.

Wɔ kutawonsa 21 2019, a anka ɛbɛyɛ Emecheta awoda a ɛtɔ so aduoson nnum(75) no, Google de Doodle kae n'asetena. 

Wɔ ahinime 2019 mu no, wɔ dan ɔyɛkyerɛ beaeɛ foforɔ wɔ nwoma korabea hɔ maa asuafoɔ a wɔwɔ Goldsmiths, London Suapɔn mu maa Buchi Emecheta.

Wɔ ahinime 2021 mu no, wɔsan yii Emecheta ayɛsɛm a ɛtɔ so mmienu, Second Class Citizen, sɛ Penguin Modern Classic.
==AYƐSƐM NNWOMA AHODOƆ==

=== Ne nwoma ahodoɔ ===

* *In the Ditch* (1972)
* *Second Class Citizen* (1974)
* *The Bride Price* (1976)
* *The Slave Girl* (1977); winner of the *New Statesman*<nowiki/>'s 1978 Jock Campbell Award
* *The Joys of Motherhood* (1979)
* *The Moonlight Bride* (1981)
* *Destination Biafra* (1982)
* *Naira Power* (1982)
* *Adah's Story* [*In the Ditch/Second-Class Citizen*] (London: Allison & Busby, 1983).
* *The Rape of Shavi* (1983)
* *Double Yoke* (1982)
* *A Kind of Marriage* (London: Macmillan, 1986); Pacesetter Novels series.
* *Gwendolen* (1989). Published in the US as *The Family*
* *Kehinde* (1994)
* *The New Tribe* (2000)

=== N’ankasa asentena ho nsɛm ===

* *Head above Water* (1984; 1986)

=== Mmɔfra ne mmabunu a wɔaduru wɔn mpanin fie so ===

* *Titch the Cat* (illustrated by Thomas Joseph; 1979)
* *Nowhere to Play* (illustrated by Peter Archer; 1980)
* *The Wrestling Match* (1981)

=== Ahwɛgorɔ ===

* *Juju Landlord* (episode of *Crown Court*), Granada Television, 1975.
* *A Kind of Marriage*, BBC television, 1976.
* *Family Bargain*, BBC Television, 1987.

=== Nwoma akɛseɛ ne ntiantiaa ===

* Introduction and comments to *Our Own Freedom*, photographs by Maggie Murray; 1981

* *The Black Scholar*, November–December 1985, p. 51.
* "Feminism with a Small 'f'!" in Kirsten H. Petersen (ed.), *Criticism and Ideology: Second African Writer's Conference, Stockholm 1988*, Uppsala: Scandinanvian Institute of African Studies, 1988, pp. 173–181.
* *Essence* magazine, August 1990, p. 50.
* *The New York Times Book Review*, 29 April 1990.
* *Publishers Weekly*, 16 February 1990, p. 73; reprinted 7 February 1994, p. 84.
* *World Literature Today'', Autumn 1994, p. 867.

## BEAƐ A MENYAA MMOA FIRIIƐ