open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Repatriation of Namibian Refugees in Botswana (Dukwi Camp)

**Repatriation of Namibian Refugees in Botswana (Dukwi Camp)** yɛ Namibia atutenafoɔ a wɔyii wɔn firii Dukwi Atutenafoɔ atenaeɛ wɔ Botswana no yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia wɔ Afrika Anafo fam atubrafoɔ ne atubrafoɔ abakɔsɛm mu. Saa atutenafoɔ yi a wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara firi Caprivi mantam (a seesei wɔfrɛ no Zambezi Mantam) a ɛwɔ Namibia atifi apuei fam no mu, guan kɔɔ Botswana wɔ afe 1999 mu bere a na ɔko bi rekɔ so wɔ hɔ no. Ɔpɛ a Caprivi Liberation Army (CLA) dii kan yɛe sɛ wɔbɛtew wɔn ho no maa Namibia aban no yɛɛ asraafo basabasayɛ, na ɛmaa nnipa ɔhaha pii kɔhwehwɛɛ guankɔbea wɔ Botswana a ɛbɛn hɔ no.

## Abakɔsɛm a ɛfa ho
Caprivi ntɔkwa no firi abakɔsɛm mu nsɛm a ɛfa nnipa a wɔtoto wɔn ase ne amanyɔsɛm mu faahodi a wɔn a wɔka Lozi kasa no nni wɔ mpɔtam hɔ no ho. Wɔ Ɔsanaa bosome mu wɔ afe 1999 mu no, CLA sɔre tiaa aban nneduaban a ɛwɔ Katima Mulilo so. Namibia aban no yɛɛ ade ntɛmntɛm, na wɔhyɛɛ ɔmanfoɔ, ɔmanfoɔ, ne wɔn a wɔsusu sɛ wɔte wɔn ho no maa wɔdwane kɔɔ Botswana. Wɔ afe 2000 no, na Namibiafoɔ bɛborɔ 1,200 na wɔakɔsoɛ wɔ Dukwi Atutenafoɔ Atenaeɛ hɔ.

## Mmara ne Ahobammɔ Ahodoɔ
Mfitiaseɛ no, Botswana maa Namibiafoɔ dodoɔ no ara kwan maa wɔbɛtenaa hɔ, na wɔgye toom sɛ ɛyɛ amanyɔsɛm nti na wɔdwaneeɛ. Wɔmaa atutenafɔo no kɔtenaa Dukwi, a ɛwɔ Mfifini Mansini a ɛwɔ Botswana no mu. Nanso, berɛ bi akyi no, amammuisɛm a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Namibia no gyinaa pintinn, na Botswana, a **Amanaman Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuw a Ɛhwɛ Aguanfo Ho Nsɛm So** (UNHCR) boaa wɔn no, firii ase bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ nkurɔfo nkuran ma wɔayi wɔn yam asan akɔ wɔn kurom.

Ɛmfa ho eyi no, na aguanfo pii twentwɛn wɔn nan ase sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ hɔ, efisɛ na wosuro sɛ wobedi wɔn ani wɔ amanyɔsɛm mu na wɔadi wɔn asɛm wɔ ntɛnkyea so, titiriw wɔn a na wɔka CLA anaa United Democratic Party (UDP) a na wɔabara wɔn wɔ Namibia no ho. Wɔn mu pii kae sɛ sɛ wɔsan ba a wɔbɛkyere wɔn anaa wɔbɛhaw wɔn. Ne saa nti, wɔn a wofi wɔn pɛ mu san kɔ wɔn man mu no kɔɔ so yɛɛ kakraa bi, na aguanfo a wɔba fie no dodoɔ yɛɛ kɛseɛ.

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Zambian Nationals Repatriated from South Africa

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi Kasa** mu''

**Zambian Nationals Repatriated** **a ɛfiri South Africa** yɛ Nkɔso a ɛfiri Atubrafo ne Wɔn a Wɔsan Kɔ Wɔn Asase So no Mu. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ Zambia ne [[South Africa]] wɔ abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den, na Zambiafo mpempem pii te South Africa, titiriw wɔ nkurow akɛse te sɛ Johannesburg ne Cape Town mu. Bere a Zambiafo pii te hɔ wɔ mmara kwan so no, nnipa bebree nni nkrataa anaa wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ amansan mu, na ɛma wɔn ho tumi yɛ basabasa wɔ nnipa a wɔba wɔn man mu ne wɔn a wofi aman foforo so ho.

Amanamanmufo a wɔtan aman foforɔ so a wɔtaa de wɔn ani si wɔn so bere ne bere mu no ama Zambiafo atu afi wɔn afie mu na wɔasan akɔ wɔn kurom. Ne titiriw no, wɔ afe 2008, afe 2015 ne afe 2019 mu atuatew a na ɛhaw aman afoforo mu no, Zambiafo bebree hweree wɔn nnwuma, wɔn afie, ne wɔn asetena, na ɛno maa wɔfrɛɛ nkurɔfo sɛ wɔntu wɔn mfi hɔ.

== Ɔhaw a wɔn a wɔsan baeɛ no hyiaeɛ ==
Zambiafo a wɔsan fi South Africa no taa hyia nsɛnnennen wɔ wɔn asetena mu, a ebi ne:

* **Asetena a wɔhwereeɛ** ne sikasɛm a na wɔn nsa ntumi nka pii.

* **Wɔbuu wɔn animtiaa** wɔ wɔn kurom.

* **Mmoa nhyehyɛe a ɛmfata**, titire wɔ mmaa ne mmɔfra fam.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔatumi adi eyi ho dwuma no, IOM ne Zambia Mantam a Ɛhwɛ Amanyɔso Nkɔso so ayɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛsan de wɔn aba ɔman no mu, a ebi ne nnwuma a wɔde bɛhyɛ ase, adwene mu afotu, ne nimdeɛ a wɔde bɛtete afoforɔ.

== Nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛwɔ amanaman ntam ne aman ntam ==
Zambia Ɔmanpanin a ɔwɔ [[South Africa]] di dwuma titire wɔ mmoa a wɔde ma **consulates, wɔne wɔn manfoɔ a wɔakyere wɔn no di nsɛm''', ne akwantuo krataa a wɔde tu kwan ntɛmntɛm ho nhyehyɛeɛ mu. Aman mmienu no ntam ayɔnkofa ayɛ papa, nanso nnipa a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no kyerɛ sɛ ehia sɛ wɔhyɛ adwuma a wɔyɛ ma wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no mu den, na wɔhwɛ sɛ wɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ Southern African Development Community (SADC) mu.

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge 2025
Role of IOM in North African Migrant Repatriation

**Role of IOM in North African Migrant Repatriation** yɛ **International Organization for Migration (IOM)** di dwuma titire wɔ akwantuo a ɛmfata a nnipa tu kɔ Afrika Atifi fam no ho. Sɛ aban ahodoɔ ntam ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛhwɛ atubrafoɔ ho nsɛm so no, IOM boa aban ahodoɔ ne atubrafoɔ no wɔ nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ a ɛfa atubrafoɔ a wɔatu wɔn ho asan akɔ wɔn man mu ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyem no ho. Wɔ Afrika Atifi fam titire no, wɔ aman te sɛ **[[Libya]], [[Tunisia]], [[Egypt]], [[Algeria]], ne [[Morocco]]**, IOM boa ma akwantufo a wɔn ho aka no fi wɔn ankasa man mu kɔ wɔn man mu.

## Nhyehyɛeɛ a Wɔayɛ a Wɔde Boa Nnipa a Wɔn Ani Gye sɛ Wɔsan Ba (VHR)

IOM's **Voluntary Humanitarian Return** program yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so de atubrafo a wɔaka akyere wɔn ho wɔ Afrika Atifi fam no san kɔ wɔn man mu. Dwumadi yi ma akwan a **ahobammɔ wom**, **nnidie wom**, ne **ahofama wom** ma atutenafoɔ san kɔ wɔn aman a wɔfiri mu no so. Ɛfiri berɛ a Libya bɛyɛɛ baabi titire a akwantufoɔ a wɔn ani nna hɔ kɔ ne baabi a wɔkɔ no, ne titire wɔ afe 2011 akyi no, IOM akɔ so ayɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ.

Eduu afe 2022 no, na IOM aboa atubrafo bɛboro 60,000 ma wɔatu afi Libya nkutoo, na mpɛn pii no na wofi nneduaban mu anaa nkurow akɛse mu a asiane wom mu aba. Saa atubrafo yi fi Afrika aman a ɛwɔ Sahara anafo fam te sɛ Nigeria, Mali, Niger, Guinea, ne Sudan.

Wɔ Tunisia ne Egypt nso, IOM boa atubrafo a wɔakɔ ahokyere mu wɔ sikasɛm mu, wɔ ɔko mu, anaa nnipa a wɔretɔn wɔn ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn kɔ aman afoforo so.

## Mmoa a wɔde ma wɔ nkyerebea ahodoɔ mu
Wɔ Libya no, wɔde atubrafoɔ pii gu nneduaban a nnipa ahyɛ mu ma na ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a, tebea a emu yɛ den mu. IOM di dwuma titire bi wɔ nnipa fam denam **ayaresa, adwene mu mmoa, ne din a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nneduaban mu, ne akwan a wɔfa so hu wɔn a wɔfata sɛ wonya** VHR. IOM ne Libya mpanimfoɔ bɔm yɛ adwuma ma wɔgye atubrafo a wɔpene so sɛ wɔbɛsan aba, titire mmaa, mmɔfra, ne wɔn a wɔyɛ mmɔbɔ.

## Mmoa a wɔde ma afoforɔ a wɔasan aba asase so
Ade titire a IOM de yɛ adwuma wɔ nkurɔfo a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no mu baako ne sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ ɔman foforɔ so. IOM nam wɔn a wɔne wɔn yɛ adwuma te sɛ **European Union Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF)** no ntoboa so boa wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu no ma wɔn nsa **ka adwuma ho sika, wɔn nsa ka adwuma ho ntetee, wɔn nsa ka ayaresa, ne wɔn adwene ho afotuo** wɔ wɔn man mu.

Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, wɔ Nigeria, Guinea, ne Mali no, IOM ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ aban adwumayɛfo bɔm yɛ nnwuma a wɔde boa nnipa ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn kurom a wɔn botaeɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛma nnipa a wɔsan kɔ wɔn man mu no ho atɔ wɔn. Saa kwan a wɔfa so ma nkurɔfo san kɔ wɔn asetena mu no yɛ nea edi mu, na ɛhwɛ nea ankorɛankorɛ, mpɔtamfoɔ, ne wɔn ahosiesie hia no so.

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Mauritanian Refugees Return from Mali and Senegal

**Mauritanianfoɔ atutenafoɔ a wɔfiri Mali ne Senegal** a wɔresan aba no yɛ abakɔsɛm titire wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam atubrafo ne wɔn a wɔresan aba wɔn man mu. Wɔ 1980 mfe no awiei ne 1990 mfe no mfitiaseɛ no, ɔman no taa atubrafoɔ yi a wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara yɛ abibifoɔ a wɔfiri Mauritania no, na ɔman no taa wɔn kyere wɔn, na wɔtaa kyere wɔn yɛ wɔn ayayade, na wɔpam wɔn fii ɔman no mu wɔ Ɔmampanyin Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed Taya nniso ase. Wɔn a wɔsan baa wɔn man mu no yɛ amanaman ntam nkitahodi, mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa, ne amammuisɛm a ɛresesa wɔ Mauritania no aba.

## Amanehunu ho atesɛm a ɛfa atutenafoɔ no ho
Wɔ afe **1989 ne 1991** ntam no, mmusua ntam ntɔkwa ne ɔman basabasayɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Mauritania no maa wɔpam Mauritanifoɔ a wɔyɛ abibifoɔ bɛborɔ 75,000, titire **Haalpulaar, Soninke, ne Woloffoɔ**. Wɔbɔɔ saa nnipa yi sobo sɛ wɔyɛ "ananafoɔ" ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔtraa ɔman no mu mfe pii no, na wɔhyɛɛ wɔn ma wɔde wɔn kɔɔ Senegal ne Mali.

Atutenfoɔ no mu dodoɔ no ara tenaa nsraban mu ne mmeaeɛ a wɔgye wɔn tenae wɔ Senegal Asubɔnten no bon mu ne Mali anafo fam, baabi a wɔantumi annya fahodie ahodoɔ, asetena kwan, ne nkrataa a ɛfata no mfe pii.

## Nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛfa ɔsan a wɔbɛsan aba no ho
Berɛ a wɔpaw **Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi sɛ ɔmampanyin wɔ afe 2007** mu no, Mauritania aban no - wɔ amanaman ntam nkabom no nhyɛso ase - hyɛɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan de atubrafo no akɔ wɔn kurom. Wɔ afe 2007 mu no, **Mauritania aban, Senegal aban, ne Amanaman Nkabom Ahobammɔ Asoɛe a ɛhwɛ atubrafo ho nsɛm so (UNHCR)** yɛɛ apam bi a ɛfa nnipa baasa ho de yɛɛ nhyehyɛe ma wɔsan kɔɔ wɔn kurom wɔ ahobammɔ ne nidi mu.

Wɔ January 2008 mu no, wɔde atutenafoɔ 102 fii Senegal kɔɔ Trarza mantam mu wɔ Mauritania. Wɔde atubrafo bɛboro 24,000 san baa wɔn man mu wɔ afe 2008 ne 2012 ntam, na wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara firi Senegal atifi fam ne Mali atɔe fam.

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge 2025
Senegalese Youth Repatriated from Mediterranean Crossings

Senegalfo mmerante ne mmabaa a wɔnam Mediterranea Po no so tu kwan a asiane wom, titiriw wɔ Libya, Morocco, ne Tunisia so no abɛyɛ akwan a wɔfa so tu kwan wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no fa titiriw. Esiane sikasɛm mu ahokyere, adwuma a wonnya nyɛ, ne nnipa nhyɛso nti, Senegalfo mmerante ne mmabaa pii bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛfa akwantu a ɛyɛ hu yi akɔ Europa, na mpɛn pii no, wowia wɔn ma wɔde wɔn kɔ, wɔde wɔn to afiase, na wɔyɛ wɔn ayayade. Eyi nti, International Organization for Migration (IOM) ne European Union (EU) ne Senegal aban aboa atubrafo a wɔaguan akɔ wɔn man mu no pii ma wɔasan akɔ wɔn man mu.

## Nsɛm a Ɛfa Nkɔmmɔbɔ Ho ne Nkɔmmɔbɔ a Ɛkɔ So
Senegal**, titiriw ne mfinimfini ne atifi fam mmeae (te sɛ Kaolack, Tambacounda, ne Matam), yɛ mmeae titiriw a mmofra a wotu kwan fa Mediterranea Mfinimfini Kwan (CMR) so no fi. Wɔn mu pii tu fi Libya, Algeria, anaa Morocco, a wɔn botae ne sɛ wɔbɛfa akorow a nnipa ahyɛ mu so atwa akɔ Italy anaa Spain. Mmerante ne mmabaa de wɔn nkwa to asiane mu wɔ anidaso a wɔwɔ sɛ wobenya sika pii daakye no mu.

Sɛnea IOM (2022) kyerɛ no, wɔkyeree Senegalfo mpempem pii wɔ Afrika Atifi fam anaa wɔgyee wɔn wɔ po so na wɔde wɔn too afiase wɔ tebea a emu yɛ den mu, titiriw wɔ Libya nneduaban mu, a wɔagye din wɔ nnipa ahofadi ho atirimɔdensɛm ho.

## Asetra Mu a Wobɛsan Akɔfa Ɔhaw ne Amammerɛ Mu Anibiannaso
Bere a Senegalfo mmeranteɛ ne mmabaa pii resan akɔ wɔn kurom no, wɔhyia nsɛnnennen pii:

Wɔn mmusua ne wɔn mpɔtamfo bu wɔn animtiaa, na wobu wɔn a wɔsan ba no sɛ wɔadi nkogu.

Adwenemyare a efi ayayade, ayayade, anaa nkoasom a wɔde wɔn ayɛ wɔ Libya mu.

Adwuma a ɛtra hɔ anaa adesua a ɛkɔ so a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya.

Ebinom a wɔsan ba no nya wɔn ho awerɛhoɔ bio na wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan atu akɔtena baabi foforo, na ɛma atubrafo a wɔn ho nni mmara mu no kɔ wɔn man mu bio a wɔrennya baabi a wɔbɛsan akɔ tena.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔatumi adi eyi ho dwuma no, IOM, ne Senegal Ɔman Nhyehyɛe a Ɛhwɛ Atubrafo Ho Nsɛm So (CNGM) yɛɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛboa nkurɔfo ma wɔasan akyekyere wɔn ho bio, na wɔhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔagye wɔn atom wɔ ɔman no mu na wɔagyina ɔhaw ahorow ano.

## Asɛmmisa: Wɔn a wɔsan fi Libya ne Morocco bae
Wɔ 2021 nkutoo mu no, IOM yii:

* **Ná Senegalfo bɛboro 800 a wofi Libya** a wɔn mu dodow no ara adi asram pii wɔ afiase.
* Nnipa ɔhaha pii fii **Tangier ne Oujda (Morocco)** bere a wogyaee wɔn wɔ Spain kwan so no.

Wɔyɛɛ saa nsrahwɛ yi wɔ **COVID-19 ahobammɔ mu**, na IOM yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu, PPE, ne apɔwmuden ho nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma wɔatumi akɔ hɔ dwoodwoo.

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ


Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge 2025
Youth Reintegration Programs for Repatriated Migrants

Mmerante ne Mmabaa a Wɔasan Akɔ Wɔn Asase So a Wɔasan Akɔ Wɔn Asase So

Atubra a ɛmfata anya mmabun a wɔwɔ Afrika nyinaa so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, na wɔn mu pii hyia asiane pii wɔ wɔn akwantu mu - a nea ɛka ho ne aguadi, nneduaban, ani a wɔtwe, ne owu. Sɛ wɔsan ba, titiriw bere a wɔde boa wɔn a wɔatu wɔn ho asan aba (AVR) no, saa mmabun a wotu bata yi taa hyia amammerɛ mu animguase, sikasɛm mu ahokyere, ne adwenemyare. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔatumi ayɛ saa no, amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde ahorow, aban ahorow, ne ɔmanfo ahyehyɛde ahorow ayɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde boa mmabun ma wɔsan kɔ ɔman foforo so. Wɔayɛ saa nhyehyɛe yi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛsan anya nidi, na ama wɔatumi atena ɔman foforo so, na wɔankɔ aman foforo so bio. Nanso, nhyehyɛe ahorow yi tumi yɛ adwuma wɔ aman ne nsɛm tebea ahorow mu.

## Nsɛm a Ɛfa Mmabun a Wɔasan Aba Abusua Mu Ho ne Sɛnea Ɛho Hia
Mmerante ne mmabaa a wɔadi fi mfe 15 kosi 35** na wɔyɛ Afrikafo a wɔatu aba wɔn man mu a wɔnni mmara kwan so no mu dodow no ara. Nnipa pii fi wɔn pɛ mu na ɛsan ba, titiriw wɔn a wofi Libya, Algeria, ne Tunisia, baabi a wɔde nneduaban ne nnipa ahofadi a wɔsɛe ho nsɛm pii wɔ no. Afoforo san kɔ wɔn kurom a wɔatu wɔn ho ama, na mpɛn pii no IOM boa wɔn ma wɔyɛ saa wɔ EU-IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Reintegration mu.

* Sɛ mmofra san ba fie a, mpɛn pii no wohyia:

* Adwumayɛfo a wonnya adwuma nyɛ anaa wɔn adwuma nyɛ nea ɛsɛ.

* Abusuafo a wɔpo no ne nkurɔfo a wobu wɔn animtiaa.

* Adesua anaa adwuma ho ntetee a wɔn nsa betumi aka kakraa bi.

* Adwene mu haw, a PTSD ne adwenemhaw ka ho.

Enti, ɛnyɛ mmoa a wɔde boa wɔn a wɔasan afi wɔn man mu no nko ara na wɔde boa wɔn, na mmom wɔboa wɔn nso ma wonya nkɔso, ahobammɔ, ne akwan a wɔfa so tu kɔ mmeae foforɔ.

## Nneɛma a Ɛka Mmerante ne Mmabaa a Wɔsan Kɔ Wɔn Asetena Mu
Mmerante ne mmabaa pii a wɔsan ba sukuu no mu no, nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛka ho:

### a. Asetram Asetram a Wobɛsan Akɔ
Sika anaa mmoa a wɔde ma nnwuma foforo (te sɛ, mmoa a wɔyɛn wɔn, wɔn a wɔyɛ ntade, wɔn a wosiesie kar).

Adwuma ho ntetee ne mfiridwuma ho ntetee wɔ nnwuma te sɛ adansi, ICT, ahɔhoyɛ, ne mfiri ho.

Adwumayɛbea a wɔde nkurɔfo ma adwuma anaa wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ adwumakuo bi a ɛwɔ hɔ mu.

Akwan a wɔfa so nya micro-mfasoɔ ne sika a wɔkora so.

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge 2025
Emancipation Proclamation

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi** mu''

The **Emancipation Proclamation**, a wɔn din ankasa ne **Proclamation 95*', yɛ asɛm a United States President [[:en:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] de too dwa wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome da a 1, wɔ afe 1863, wɔ [[:en:American Civil War|Amerika Ɔmanko]] no mu. Nkɔmhyɛ no maa Afrika Amerikafo bɛboro ɔpepem 3.5 a na wɔyɛ nkoa wɔ Confederate aman a na wɔretwa wɔn ho mu no nyaa fahodie sɛ wɔbɛte wɔn ho. Berɛ a nkoa no guan fii wɔn nkoa no nsam, sɛ́ ebia na wɔredwane akɔ Union asraafo no afa anaasɛ na asraafo a wɔdɔm aban no reba wɔn so no, na wɔade wɔn ho koraa. Afei nso, Ɔpanyin Nhyehyɛe no maa wɔn a na wɔyɛ nkoa no kwan sɛ "wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ United States asraafo kuw no mu". Asɛm a wɔkae wɔ Emancipation Proclamation mu no boaa kɛse ma wotuu nkoasom ase wɔ [[Amerika|United States]].

== Awerɛkyekyerɛsɛm ne Nsesa(1863) ==
Wɔ Ɔpɛnimaa bosome wɔ afe 1863 mu no, Lincoln de n'asɛm a wɔfrɛ no *Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction'' mae, a na ɛfa akwan a na atuatefoɔ no bɛtumi afa so ne Union no ayɛ baako ho. Nnyinasosɛm atitire bi a na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ aman no gye Nkyekyɛmu a Ɛka Fa Nkoa a Wɔagye Wɔn no tom na ɛma wɔn nkoa nya fahodie, na wɔgye Nkonim Mmara no tom, ne Mmara a ɛbara nkoasom wɔ United States nsase so.

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge 2025
Akwasidae Afahyɛ

**Akwasidae Afahyɛ** (anaasɛ, **Akwasiadae** ) no yɛ afahyɛ a Ashantifoɔ, ne ahemfo a wɔwɔ Asanteman  mu, ne asantefoɔ a wɔwc amanɔne no die. Wodi afahyɛ no Kwasiada, pɛnkorɔ wɔ nnapɛn nsia biara mu.  

### Sɛnea wɔhyɛ fa no
Wɔ Akan nnabupono so no, wɔakye afe no mu ama abosome nkron,,na bosome biara yɛ bɛyɛ nnapɛn nsia, a nna aduanan anaa aduanan mmienu na ɛwɔ mu; wɔfrɛ saa bere yi afahyɛ no Adae Afahyɛ . Adae Afahyɛ no gu mu ahodoɔ mmienu: wɔdi Akwasidae Afahyɛ no Kwasiada a ɛtwa toɔ wɔ berɛ no mu, ɛna wɔdi Awukudae Afahyɛ no Wukuada wɔ Akan bosome no mfinfini. Efiada a edi nnafua du (10) anim ansa na Akwasidae aduru no, wɔfrɛ no *Fofie* (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ amanneɛ Fiada). Ɛnam sɛ wɔhyɛ afahyɛ no Kwasiada nkoaa nti no, ne sanba no betumi ayɛ nnafua aduanan (40), anaa aduanan mmienu (42) akyi, sɛnea Asantefoɔ  nnabupono no kyerɛ no. Wɔ afe no mu Akwasidae a etwa toɔ, a ɛne Adae Kɛse Afahyɛ no hyia no mu no, wɔde wɔn ani kɔ nnuane afɔrebɔ ne ayɛyɛdeɛ a wɔde bɛboa nkurɔfoɔ so. Adae Kese Afahyɛ no ne afahyɛ a ɛsõ paa ara wɔ Asanti amammerɛ mu. Adae Kese Afahyɛ no fa dwira a wɔdwira Sikadwa Kofi no ho.  Adae afahyɛ ahodoɔ no nyɛ nea wɔtumi sesa, efiri sɛ nananom na wɔde sii ho firi tete.[5] .

### Nneyɔeɛ Ahodoɔ
Amanneɛ ahodoɔ a wɔyɛ wɔ saa da yi no fa anidie a ankorankorɛ ne mpɔtamo hɔfoɔ de ma wɔn nananom no ho. Nhyiamu bi a wɔfrɛ no *Akom,* a ntwenebɔ, asa ne nnwomtoɔ kɔ so de hyɛ Abosom (anyame nketewa wɔ Akanfoɔ atetesɛm mu) ne Nsamanfoɔ (nananom nsamanpa) animuonyam.  Aduane a wɔde ma no bi ne nnuane titire  bi te sɛ *etɔ* (Afrika bayerɛ a wɔafufu), a wɔde nkosua a wɔanoa asiesie soɔ. Asanteni biara di saa afahyɛ yi. [7] .Ashantifoɔ a wɔnni Odwira afahyɛ no, Akwasidae no ho hia ma wɔn yie, efiri sɛ wɔdekae wɔn nananom. [8] .

Saa da yi, Asantehene no hyia ne manfoɔ, ne n'ahemfo atitire, ne n'apamfo wɔhyɛ n’ase wɔ Manhyia Ahemfie adihɔ .   Wɔde Sikadwa Kofi (ahenwa) no kyerɛ wɔ ahemfie hɔ wɔ ɔhene no anim, na nnipa pii kɔ hɔ, kɔto nnwom di asa [11]  Ɔhene no bɔ dwa wɔ saa afahyɛ dapɔnda yi mu, na nkurɔfoɔ nya akwanya sɛ wɔbɛkyea ne nsam.  Ansa na ɔhene no bɛbɔ dwa no, ɔtena n'apakan a wɔde sikakɔkɔɔ asiesie no mu, di santene no anim kɔ adwabɔ no ase. Na ɔde n'ani hwɛ santene fɛɛfɛ a wɔato wɔ ahenboboano hɔ,  akyerɛma, asafoɔ akuokuo ahodoɔ, wɔn a wɔhyɛne aben, ne nnwomtofoɔ ka ho no.  Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ afahyɛ a wɔde obuo ma nananom nti, ɔhene no kɔsra Bantama Amusieɛ hɔ kɔsom, ɛnyɛ ne nananom nkonwa nko, na mmom wɔn nankɛsɛ nso.  W

ɔkyerɛ sɛ, ɔhene no nsom nananom ne nkonwa no, na emom, ɔde anidie na ɛma wɔn.

### Hwɛ wei nso

* Ashanti Yam Festival
* Adae Festival
* Adae Kese Festival
* Awukudae Festival

## Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

# "Festivals in Ghana" www.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
# "Akwasidae of the Akans?" Retrieved 2020-02-26. 
# "Festivals & Events in Ghana" *TransAfrica*. Archived from the original on 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
# "Manhyia Palace" Ghana Nation.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
# Aidoo, Kwame, "Celebrating Akwasidae with the Ashanti People of Kumasi, Ghana" *Culture Trip*. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
# Pierre 2004, p. 55.
Africa Nkabom Kuo

**Afrika Nkabom Kuo** (**AU**) yɛ asasetam so nkabomu kuo a aman aduonum num (55) na ɛwɔ mu   wɔ Afrika asasetam so . Wɔde AU too gua wɔ Sirte Mpaemuka dwumadie a wɔyɛeɛ wɔ Sirte, Libya, wɔ Ɛbɔ 9, 1999 mu, sɛ wɔmfa Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo no nsi hɔ. Wɔde kuo no sii hɔ wɔ 9 Kitawonsa, 2002 wɔ Durban, South Africa.  Na AU no tirimupɔ ne sɛ ɛbɛsi Afrika Biakoyɛ Kuo (OAU), a aman ahodoɔ aduasa mmienu (32) de wɔn nsa hyɛɛ aseɛ de sii hɔ wɔ Kotonimaa 25, 1963 wɔ Addis Ababa no ananmu; wɔguu OAU wɔ 9 Kitawonsa 2002. Aman mpanyinfoɔ a wɔka Afrika Aman Nkabom Badwa no ho no na esi AU gyinaeɛsie biara a ɛho hia, wɔ nhyiamu a badwa no hyia afe fa biara no.

AU asoɛeɛ, a wɔfrɛ no Afrika Nkabomu Kɔmisan, no wɔ Addis Ababa. Kuro a ɛso wɔ AU kuo no mu ne Lagos a ɛwɔ Nigeria, ɛna nkuro akɛseɛ a wɔaboaboa ano kɛseɛ ne Cairo a ɛwɔ Egypt. Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo no mu nnipa bɛboro ɔpepepem baako ne akyiripɔ mmiensa (1.3 billion) na asaase a wɔwɔ so no bɛyɛ ɔpepem aduasa (), anaa), na wiase agyinaehyɛdeɛ bi te sɛ Sahara mpaprɛ ne asuo Nile ho .  Kasa titire a wɔde di dwuma ne Arabic, Borɔfo, Franse, Portugal, Spania ne Swahili .  Wɔ Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo no mu no, yɛwɔ atenaeɛ ahodoɔ te sɛ Asomdwoe ne Ahobammɔ Badwa ne Afrika Nkabom Mmarahyɛ Badwa wɔ hɔ .

Wɔ G20 (Ku a emufoɔ yɛ aduonu (20)) nhyiamu bi a wɔyɛeɛ wɔ New Delhi, India, wɔ afe 2023 mu no, wogyee Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo no too mu sɛ abɛyɛ G20 kuoba. 

### Nsɛm no tɔfabɔ
Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo no botaeɛ ne sɛ: 

# Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a koroyɛ kɛseɛ, nkabomu ne ahotɔsoɔ kɛseɛ bɛba Afrika aman ntam.
# Sɛ ɔbɛbɔ aman a wɔka ho no tumidie, asaase mu kyɛfa, ne wɔn ahofadie ho ban.
# Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nkabomu bɛba asasepɔn no amammuo, ne  aman ntam asetena ne sikasɛm so ntɛmso.  
# Sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ Afrika gyinabea mu nkuran wɔ nsɛm a ɛfa asaasetam no, ne emu nnipa ho, na wɔabɔ ho ban. 
# Sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ amanaman ntam nkitahodie ho nkuran, a wɔ akwan an UN Mmarahyɛ Bagua, ɛne Amansan Kubaatan nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛfa nnipa faahodie ho kyerɛ no .
# Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a asomdwoe, ahobammɔ, ne ahotɔ aba asasetam no so.
# Sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ kabimamenkabi ahyɛdeɛ ahodoɔ mu kena, na ɔmanfoɔ nso anya kyɛfa wɔ amammuo papa mu.
# Sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nnipa faahodie nhyehyɛeɛ ho ban, na wɔahyɛ mu kena sɛnea Afrika Mmara a Ɛfa Nnipa Faahodie Ho, ne nnipa ho nhyehyɛeɛ afoforo a ɛho hia ho.
# Sɛ wɔde nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ a ɛho hia besi hɔ, a ɛbɛma asasetam no atumi adi ne dwuma a ɛfata wɔ wiase nyinaa sikasɛm ne amanaman ntam nkitahodie mu.
# Sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ sikasɛm, asetena ne amammerɛ mu nkɔsoɔ a ɛbɛtena hɔ daa mu nkuran, na Afrika amanaman betumi aka abom wɔ sikasɛm ne adwadie mu.
#Sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ nkabom ho nkuran wɔ nnipa dwumadie nyinaa mu, na ama Afrikafoɔ asetena gyinapɛn akɔ soro
#Sεdeε wɔbɛtoto na wɔaka nhyehyeε a εfa amanaman a wodi adwadie ne sikasɛm mu nsawɔsoɔ ho, ne nhyehyɛeɛ a, εbεba daakye no abɔ mu, ama nkabɔmukuo no anisoadehunu aba mu.
#Sɛ yɛbɛma asasetam no nkɔsoɔ akɔ anim, ɛnam nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛhyɛ mu kena wɔ nnwuma nyinaa mu, ne titire ne abɔdeɛ mu nyansapɛ ne mfididwuma.
#Sɛ wɔne amanaman a ɛfata benya ayɔnkofa na wɔatumi ayi nyarewa a wɔbetumi asi ano afiri hɔ, ama apɔmuden pa anya nkɔsoɔ wɔ asaasetam yi so
Underground Railroad

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi** mu''

**Underground Railroad''' no yɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔyɛeɛ sɛ wɔde ahintawee akwan ne afie a ahofadi hwehwɛfo de guan kɔ United States Atifi fam ne Canada Apuei fam. Abibifoɔ a wɔyɛ nkoa ne Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ nkoa dwane firii nkoasom mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so 16 no mu, na wɔn mu pii guanee a na obiara mmoa wɔn. Nanso, afie a ahobammɔ wom a wɔtaa frɛ no Underground Railroad no firii ase yɛɛ wɔn ho nhyehyɛe wɔ 1780 mfe no mu wɔ Abolitionist Societies wɔ Atifi fam. Ɛkɔɔ atifi fam na ɛkɔɔ so yɛɛ kɛse kɔsii sɛ Ɔmanpanin Abraham Lincoln de ne nsa hyɛɛ Amanamanmu Ahotɔ Nkɔmhyɛ no ase wɔ afe 1863 mu. Wɔn a woguanee no bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobeguan akɔ aman a wɔn ho nni asɛm mu, na ebia afi hɔ akɔ Canada.

## Baabi a edin no firi
Eric Foner twerɛɛ sɛ ebia " Washington koowaa krataa bi na edii kan de asɛm yi dii dwuma wɔ afe 1839 mu, berɛ a na ɔreka akoa bi a ɔretwɛn sɛ ɔbɛdwane afiri nkoasom mu denam keteke kwan a 'ɛkɔ asase ase kosi Boston so' no so".  Dr. Robert Clemens Smedley kyerɛwee sɛ, bere a nkoa kyerefo no hwehwɛɛ wɔn akyi na wɔanhu wɔn akyi kwan kosii Columbia, Pennsylvania no, wɔkae wɔ wɔn adwenem sɛ "ɛwɔ sɛ asase ase keteke kwan wɔ baabi", na ɛno na ɛde asɛm no bae.  Scott Shane kyerɛwee sɛ asɛmfua no a edi kan a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ kyerɛwtohɔ mu no yɛ asɛm bi a Thomas Smallwood kyerɛwee wɔ August 10, 1842 no, wɔ Tocsin of Liberty, kratawa bi a na ɛkasa tia nnommumyɛ a wotintim wɔ Albany. Ɔkyerɛwee nso sɛ 1879 nhoma Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad no kae sɛ wɔkaa asɛm no wɔ 1839 Washington atesɛm krataa mu asɛm bi mu, na nhoma no kyerɛwfo kae mfe 40 akyi sɛ ɔfaa asɛm no fii ne tirim sɛnea ɔbɛtumi.

## Amanyɔsɛm

Wɔ nkoa a wɔdwane a "wɔtraa" Asase ase Keteke kwan no so fam no, wɔn mu pii buu Canada sɛ wɔn baabi a etwa to. Wobu akontaa sɛ wɔn mu bɛyɛ 30,000 kosi 40,000 kɔtraa Canada, na wɔn mu fa bae wɔ 1850 ne 1860 ntam hɔ.Afoforo nso kɔtraa aman a wɔde wɔn ho mu wɔ atifi fam. Wɔkyerɛw asɛnnibea nsɛm mpempem pii a ɛfa nkoa a wɔaguan a woguan ho wɔ Ɔman Anidan Ko ne Ɔmanko no ntam. Wɔ mfitiase Nkoa a Wɔadwane Mmara a wɔyɛe wɔ 1793 mu no ase no, na ɛsɛ sɛ mpanyimfo a wofi aman a wɔde wɔn ho mu boa nkoa wuranom anaa wɔn ananmusifo a wɔsan kyere wɔn a wɔaguan no, nanso aman no mmarahyɛ bagua ahorow bi baraa eyi. Mmara no maa ɛyɛɛ mmerɛw maa nkoa wuranom ne wɔn a wɔkyere nkoa sɛ wɔbɛkyere Amerikafo a wɔyɛ abibifo na wɔasan de wɔn akɔ nkoasom mu, na wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, ɛmaa wɔn kwan ma wɔde abibifo a wɔde wɔn ho no yɛɛ nkoa. Ɛsan nso maa wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wotu nkoa ase no ho pere wɔn sɛ wɔbɛboa nnipa a wɔde wɔn ayɛ nkoa, na ɛde aman a wɔsɔre tia nkoasom ne Asase ase Keteke kwan no nyaa nkɔsoɔ.

## Akwan ne akwanhyia a wotumi fa guare
Mmerɛ a agyanka nkoa no redwane fi nkoa mu, na wɔfaa akwan a ɛkɔ anafo de kɔ Canada, Caribbean nsupɔw so man, atɔe fam mantam a ɛwɔ United States, ne Indian man nsase so. Ebinom de, wokɔɔ anafo kɔɔ Mexico mu hwehwɛɛ wɔn ho ahofadi. Nkɔmɔɔ pii gyinaa po so na woguaree, te sɛ Ona Judge a na ɔyɛ ɔnkoa wɔ President George Washington nkyɛn.

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
Nkyekyεmu:2025
Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi*' mu*
Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act, yɛ mmara a United States Congress de too dwa wɔ 1989 mu a Rep. John Conyers. Mmara no botaeɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛbɔ boayikuw bi a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ so sɛ wobetua Afrika-Amerikafo ka wɔ Amerika nkoasom ho. Ná Ɔmanpanyin a odi kan a ɔtaa mmara no akyi no yɛ Rep. Ayanna Pressley, wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome da ɛtɔ so 3 wɔ afe 2025, wɔ 119th Congress. Sheila Jackson Lee nso ato nsa afrɛ mmara no wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome mu wɔ afe  2023 ansa na ɔrewu wɔ afe 2024.

## Abakɔsɛm
Conyers de mmara no bae wɔ afe 1989 mu, na ɔde dii dwuma wɔ Congress biara mu kosii sɛ ɔgyaee adwuma no bɛyɛ mfeɛ 30 akyi.

Wɔ Ayɛwohomumu bosome da a ɛtɔ so dunson wɔ afe 2019 mu no, House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties yɛɛ asɛm a ɛfa saa asɛm yi ho, wɔ nea wohunuu sɛ ɛyɛ abakɔsɛm mu, esiane sɛ na wɔadi kan asusu reparations ho wɔ saa beae no wɔ afe 2007 mu, "afe biako ansa na wɔapaw ɔman no mu ɔtamfo panyin a odi kan no".

Rep. Conyers wui wɔ October 2019 mu, a na ɔhwɛ mmara no so wɔ mmarahyɛ badwa biara mu fi 1989 kosi 2017 mu. "40" no gyina hɔ ma "bɔ a wɔanhyɛ" a United States "de maa nkoa a wɔagye wɔn: sɛ wɔwie Ɔmanko no a, wobenya asase a ne kɛse yɛ eka aduanan ne afurum".

Cory Booker na ɔhyɛ mmara foforɔ bi a ɛka ho wɔ Senate no mu. Ɔmanpanin a ɔyɛ Ɔmanpanin wɔ Ɔmanpanyin Adwumayɛbea no mu, Nancy Pelosi, daa no adi sɛ ɔtaa HR akyi. 40. 2020 Demokrate amanyɔkuo no mu nnipa pii a wɔrepɛ sɛ wɔpaw wɔn sɛ manpanin no ada wɔn kyɛfa adi.

Wɔ Oforisuo bosome wɔ afe 2021 mu no, ɔmampɛ no nyaa ne ho kwan wɔ boayikuo no mu nea edi kan wɔ ne abakɔsɛm mu, na wɔde kɔɔ abatoa no anim sɛ wɔnhwɛ so na wɔmmɔ ho dawuru.

## Hwɛ nso

* John Conyers
* Kuro Mu Mpanyimfo Ahyehyɛde a Wɔboa Ma Wɔyɛ Asotwe Ne Atɛntenee
* Nnipa mu nyiyim wɔ United States
* Wɔ United States no, wɔmaa nkoa tuaa ka
* Nkoasom

## Nea Ɛwɔ Mu

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
Nkyekyεmu:2025
Nigerian Government’s Emergency Repatriation from Sudan (2023)

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi** mu''

**Nigeria Aban a Ɛfa Ntɛmntɛm a Wɔsan Fi Sudan (2023).** Wɔ Oforisuo bosome wɔ afe 2023 mu no, ntawantawadie sii wɔ Sudan wɔ Sudan Asraafo (SAF) ne Asraafoɔ a Wɔboa Ntɛmntɛm (RSF) ntam, titiriw wɔ ahenkurow Khartoum. Wɔn a ɛkaa wɔn no bi ne Nigeriafo bɛboro 5,000, a sukuufo ne adwumayɛfo titiriw, a wɔkɔdaa ɔman no mu. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔayɛ eyi no, Nigeria aban no fii ase yɛɛ adwuma kɛse bi a ɛbɛma wɔatu nkurɔfo afi hɔ ntɛm ara denam asase ne wimhyɛn akwan so de asan aba ne manfo dwoodwoo.

== Kwan a wɔde wɔn baeɛ ne sɛdeɛ wɔyɛɛ no ==
Esiane sɛ wɔato Sudan wimhyɛn kwan ne mmeaeɛ a wɔko denneennen a atwa Khartoum Amanaman Ntam Wimhyɛn Gyinabea ho ahyia nti, Nigeria aban no paw sɛ wobetu afi asase so. Wɔtɔɔ bɔs bɛboro 40 a wɔde N150 ɔpepem (bɛyɛ USD $325,000) na ɛde wɔn a wɔatu afiri Khartoum akɔ Egypt’s Aswan ne Port Sudan. Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm So (NEMA), Nigeria Wim Asraafo (NAF), ne Nigeriafo a wɔwɔ Atubrafo Bagua (NiDCOM) na wɔyɛɛ adwuma no ho nhyehyɛeɛ.

Wɔ April 26, 2023 no, kar a edi kan no firii Khartoum kɔɔ Egypt wɔ ahobammɔ a emu yɛ den mu. Efi Egypt ne Port Sudan no, wimhyɛn a wɔde san kɔ wɔn man mu no fii ase denam Nigeria Wim Asraafo C-130 wimhyɛn ne aguadi wimhyɛn Air Peace a ɛde wɔn a wɔatu afi hɔ no kɔɔ Abuja. Nnipa 376 a wodii kan tu firii hɔ no duruu Nigeria wɔ May 3, 2023.

== Mmoa a Wɔde Ma Afoforo ne Akogye a Wɔyɛ ==
Bere a wɔduruu Abuja no, NEMA, NiDCOM, Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, ne nnwuma afoforo mpanyimfo gyee wɔn a wɔsan bae no. Wɔde sika100,000, sim cards, nnuan, ne baabi a wɔbɛtena bere tiaa bi maa wɔn a wɔsan bae no mu biara. Wɔde adwenehaw ho mmoa a edi kan ne ayaresa ho mmoa maa, titiriw mmea ne mmofra, a na wɔn mu pii anya ɔhaw bere a na wɔreyi wɔn afi hɔ no.

== Nnwumakuo titire ne Mmoa ==

* **NEMA** na na ɛhwɛ nneɛma a wɔde ba, ahɔho a wogye wɔn, ne baabi a wɔbɛda.

* **NiDCOM**, a Ɔmanpanyin Hon. Abike Dabiri-Erewa, ne mmusua ne amanfoɔ a wɔwɔ aman foforɔ so no yɛɛ nkitaho.
* **Nigeria Air Force ne Air Peace** na wɔfaa wimhyɛn fii Egypt ne Sudan.
* **Asoɛ a Ɛhwɛ Nnipa Ho Nsɛm So''' no maa wɔn aduan, sika, ne nnuru.

Wɔkamfoo adwuma no wɔ ne nhyehyeɛ ho, na ɛhyia logistical ne diplomatic nsɛnnennen nso, te sɛ ɔkyereɛ wɔ Egypt hye so esiane visa ne clearance nsɛm nti.

## Nkɔso a Ɛwɔ Mu
Ebeduu May 2023 mu no, na Nigeriafoɔ bɛyɛ 2,518 na wɔatu afi hɔ. Akyiri yi, wɔsan de nnipa 198 kaa wɔn ho san baa ɔman no mu wɔ Kitawonsa bosome wɔ afe 2023, na wɔn dodoɔ aborɔ 2,800. Wɔankyerɛ nnipa a wowuwuiɛ wɔ adwuma no mu, na wɔkaa adwuma no ho asɛm sɛ esii yiye wɔ Nigeriafo a wɔagye wɔn nkwa wɔ amanaman ntam ntɔkwa a na ɛrekɔ so no mu.

## Baabi a menyaa mmooa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
Nkyekyεmu:2025
National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA)

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi** mu''

**National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA)''' yɛ kuo a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔtua sika ma wɔn a na wɔyɛ nkoa wɔ United States no asefoɔ.

## Abakɔsɛm
National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America no wɔtee ase September 26, 1987, wɔ botae a ɛne sɛ wɔde bɛtrɛ nsɛm mu na wɔaboa wɔn a wɔn ani da so sɛ wobenya akatua ama nkoasom wɔ United States no. Wɔn a wɔtee N'COBRA ne Imari Obadele ne Chokwe Lumumba; afoforɔ bi ne National Conference of Black Lawyers, the New Afrikan Peoples Organization, na Republic of New Afrika.

Wɔ afe 1994 mu no, N'COBRA yɛɛ nhyiam bi wɔ Detroit. Ɔkasafoɔ no mu baako ne Ɔhemmaa Mother Moore, a ɔtee New Afrika Republic.

## Ɛkuo nhyehyɛeɛ
N'COBRA adwuma no gyina amanɔne anan so:

* Asetenam Nkɔso
* Nnipa Ahonya
* Atumfoɔ Akwan a Wɔfa So
* Mmara
* Nsɛm Ho Amanneɛbɔ ne Mfonini
* Nhyehyɛe a Wɔyɛ ne Nhyehyɛe a Wɔyɛ
* Amanaman Ntam Nsɛm
* Mmabunu
* Nwomasua

N'COBRA kuo no mufoɔ no wɔakyekyɛm mmiɛnsa: ankorɛankorɛ a wɔyɛ kuo no mufoɔ, ɔman no ne amantam mu kuo ahodoɔ, ne kuo ahodoɔ a wɔde wɔn ho hyem. Wɔhwɛ N'COBRA nkabom wɔ United States (te sɛ Philadelphia) ne Afrika, Europa, Central, ne South America, ne Caribbean.

Ɛkuo no nhyehyɛeɛ no go gyina mpanimfoɔ wɔpaw wɔn no so wɔ ɔman no mu.

## Wɔn a wɔagye din ne wɔn a wɔadi kan

* Imari Obadele  -  ɔka ho na wɔtee kuo no
* Chokwe Lumumba  -  ɔka ho na wɔtee kuo no
* James Forman
* Efia Nwangaza - Ɔman no titenani baako
* Adjoa Aiyetoro  -  ɔbenfo panyin
* Robin Rue Simmons -  kuo ba baako
* Conrad Worrill -  sikasɛm ho ɔmansin soafoɔ

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
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Slavery Abolition Act 1833

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi*' mu*

Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73) yɛ mmra a ɔman bi a wɔfrɛ no United Kingdom Mmarahyɛ bagua no de sii hɔ maa nkoa a na wɔwɔ Britania Ahemman no mu no. Whig Ɔmanpanin Charles Grey, Abakan keseɛ  a ɔto so mmienu no, ne aban a ɛyɛ nsakrae na ɔyɛɛ mmara no, na ɔhyɛɛ Briten aban no sɛ wɔntɔ nkoa nyinaa ahofadi wɔ Briten Ahemman no mu, na ɔbaraa nkoasom a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Britain Ahemman no mu. Wɔkaa mmara no wɔ afe 1998 mu sɛ English mmarahyɛ mmara a wɔsan kyekyɛɛ mu no fa, ɛwom sɛ wɔayi nkoasom no afi hɔ de.

## Abakɔsɛm

Na wɔatu nkoasom ase wɔ England wɔ 1772 mu. Wɔ May 1772 mu no, Awurade Mansfield atemmu wɔ Somerset asɛm no mu no maa akoa bi a wɔde no fi Boston baa England wɔ Massachusetts Bay mantam mu no nyaa ahofadi, na ɛno maa wɔhyɛɛ nniso ase sɛ wɔntu nkoasom ase wɔ Briten Ahemman no nyinaa mu.  Asɛnni no bɔɔ atɛn sɛ nkoasom nni mmara kwan so wɔ England efisɛ enni mmara anaa mmara kwan so nnyinaso, enti obi ntumi nyɛ akoa wɔ England. Nanso, wɔn a wɔtaa wɔn akyi no mu pii, a Granville Sharp ka ho, nyaa adwene sɛ Somerset asɛm no gyinabea kyerɛ sɛ mmara biara nni hɔ a ɛboa nkoasom wɔ England, na sɛ nkoa kɔ England anaa Scotland asase so a, wɔrentumi mfa wɔn nyɛ wɔn dea. Ignatius Sancho, a wɔ 1774 mu no, na ɔyɛ onipa tuntum a ɔto so abien a ɔtow aba wɔ Britain abatoɔ ase  ⁇  nea odi kan ne John London  ⁇  kyerɛw krataa wɔ 1778 mu a ɔde kamfoo Britain wɔ ne "ahofadi, ne nhyira pii a m'ani gye ho", ansa na ɔreteɛteɛ ne nuanom tuntum a wɔwɔ Empire no afa bi te sɛ West Indies no so.

## Sɛnea Wɔbɛsan Agye No
Wɔtoaa 1833 Nkoasom a Wɔtuee no so Mmra no so koraa wɔ Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998 mu. Nanso, saa mmusu yi amma wɔannye nkoasom antom bio, efisɛ Slave Trade Act 1824, Slave Trade Act 1843 ɛna Slave Trade Act 1873 no afa bi da so ara wɔ hɔ. Bio nso, Human Rights Act 1998 no de European Convention on Human Rights (Amanaman Nkabom a Ɛhwɛ Nnipa Ahofadi Ho Nsɛm Soɔ no mu asɛm a ɛtɔ so anan (4) a ɛbara nnipa a wɔde wɔn bɛyɛ nkoa no ka Britain mmra ho. 1]

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
Nkyekyεmu:2025
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi*' mu*

Nsakrae a Ɛto so Mmiɛnsa (Nsakrae a Ɛto so XIII) a wɔyɛe wɔ United States Amanyɔ Mmara mu no yii nkoasom ne nkoasom a wɔhyɛ da de di dwuma no fii hɔ, gye sɛ wɔtwe wɔn aso wɔ bɔne bi ho. Wɔ April 8, 1864 no, Senate no gyee saa nsakrae no toom, wɔ January 31, 1865 no, Abatofo Bagua no gyee toom, na December 6, 1865 no, aman 36 no mu 27 a na wɔhia no gyee toom, na wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ December 18 no. Ná ɛyɛ nneɛma abiɛsa a wɔsakraa no a wɔde gyinaa hɔ maa Ɔmanko no akyi no mu nea edi kan. Ɔmampanyin Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, a ɛbaa mu wɔ January 1, 1863 mu no kae sɛ nkoa a wɔwɔ Confederatefo nsase so (ne nkoa nyinaa) wɔ ahofadi. Bere a wɔdwane kɔɔ Union ahye so anaa bere a aban asraafo (a wɔn mu bi yɛ nkoa dedaw) kɔɔ anafo fam no, wɔmaa wɔn fawohodie a na wɔnni kyɛfa biara mma wɔn wuranom dedaw no. Texas na na ɛyɛ Confederate aman a na wɔyɛ nkoa wom no mu nea etwa to, na wɔhyɛɛ mmara no ase wɔ hɔ wɔ June 19, 1865. Wɔ nsase a na nkoa wɔ so a Union asraafo dii so wɔ January 1, 1863 mu no, wɔde ɔman no nneyɛe sɛee nkoasom. Ná nea ɛsen saa ne Kentucky ne Delaware, ne New Jersey, baabi a na wɔatow Nsakrae a Ɛto so Mmiɛnsa no wɔ December 1865 mu, de abo a wɔde di nkoa ne nkoasom a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu no ase.
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
Nkyekyεmu:2025
Movement for Black Lives

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi mu*

**The Movement for Black Lives (M4BL)** yɛ kuo bi a ɛborɔ akuo aduonum a ɛgyina hɔ ma abibifoɔ a wɔwɔ United States a wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ Ɔpɛnimaa mpem-abien-na-du-anan mu. N'afo no bi ne Abibifo asetena ho hia nɛtwɛke, ɔman nhyiam a abibifo mmaranimfo yɛ, ne Ella Baker beae a wɔhwɛ nnipa hokwan ahorow so. Akuwo bi te sɛ kɔla a ɛsakra, Race Forward, Brooklyn Movement Center, PolicyLink, mmea ɔpepem pii nantew Cleveland, ne ONE DC, na wɔtaa wɔn akyi, na ahyehyɛdeɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no anomaa tuntum nso taa wɔn akyi.

Wɔ Kutawonsa aduonu-nnan, mpem-abien-na-du-anum mu no, nnipakuw no hyiae wɔ Cleveland State University, faako a nnipa bɛyɛ apem-na-aha-anum ne mpem-abien boaboaa wɔn ho ano wɔ hɔ yɛɛ baguam nkɔmmɔbɔ. Nhyiam no dii kan bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ "wɔbɛhyehyɛ akwan a wɔbɛfa so ama Black Lives Movement no de ato mmara a wɔde di dwuma no so wɔ ɔman no mu". Nanso, nhyiamu no maa wonyaa fekuw bi a emu yɛ duru koraa. Wɔ nhyiam a ɛkɔɔ so nnansa no awiei, wɔ Kutawonsa aduonu-nsia, Movement for abibifo nkoa fii ase yɛɛ "ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so ato nsa afrɛ amantam ne ɔmanfo akuw ahorow ma wɔayɛ United Front". Saa afe no mu no, wɔhyehyɛɛ nhyiamu bi a wɔde botae ahodoɔ, ahwehwɛde, ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a Kankabi a wɔde hwehwɛ abibifo nkwa ho hia taa akyi no, na ama wɔatumi "agye" abibifo a wɔwɔ Amerika nyinaa.

George Floyd awudi akyi no, M4BL yii BREATHE Act adi, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mmara mu nsakrae a ɛfa polisi adwuma ho. Nhyehyɛe no mu no, na wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔtwe wɔn ho fi polisi adwuma no ho na wɔde sika no kɔdi dwuma foforo wɔ ɔman no mu. Wɔ afe mpem-abien-na-aduonu mu no, Movement for Black Lives yii amanyɔsɛm a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ COVID-19 yare no ho dwuma. 

## Ɛkuo ahodoɔ
Deva Woodly, a ɔyɛ amanyɔsɛm ho ɔbenfo wɔ SUKUU FOFORO no kaa Black Lives Movement ho asɛm wɔ George Floyd ne n'akyinnyegye no mu sɛ "nhyehyɛe bi a ɛbom yɛ nnwumakuw ahorow a wɔabɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ ɔman no mu" a ɛmaa nnipa tumi "hyiaa nsɛnkyerɛne a ɛwɔ ɔhaw a ɛrekɔ so nnɛ no ne nea ɛde ba no".

### Sika a wɔde ma ne nnwumakuo mmoa a wɔde ma
Berɛ a nnipakuo no tintim wɔn nhyehyɛeɛ wɔ afe mpem-abien-na-du-asia mu akyi berɛ tiaa bi no, na ahyehyɛdeɛ ahodoɔ aduonum atwerɛ wɔn din sɛ wɔreboa wɔn. Adwuma titiriw biako a wɔyɛe ne adɔe kuw Borealis Philanthropy a wɔde too gua a wɔfrɛ no Black-Led Movement Fund (BLMF). BLMF no yɛ ntoboa a wɔde boa M4BL adwuma no, na ne botae ne sɛ wɔde $100 million bɛboa M4BL, na ɛno nso yɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde boa M4BL ma wonya ahyehyɛde no mu ahoɔden.

## Baabi menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
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CARICOM Reparations Commission

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei *'Asante Twi*' mu*

Carribbean Community (CARICOM), a wɔhyehyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1973 mu no yɛ aban ahordoɔ ntam ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛyɛ amanyɔkuo ne sikasɛm mu nkabom a aman 15 a ɛwɔ Caribbean no nyinaa ka ho Ɛfirii afe 1995 mu no, na Caribbean aman a wɔka Borɔfo kasa no nkutoo na ɛwɔ hɔ, kosi sɛ wɔde Suriname (Dutch) kaa ho wɔ afe 1995 mu; Haiti ne aman foforo a wɔnka Borɔfo kasa abɛka ho.

Wɔ afe 2013 mu, wɔ Georgetown, Guyana, ɔkasa ahodoɔ a edi kan a wɔde kae 1763 Berbice Akoa Awomasoɔ no mfe 250 no mu no, Sir Hilary Beckles, a ɔyɛ Cave Hill Campus a ɛwɔ West Indies Sukuupɔn no mu no, hyɛɛ CARICOM aman no nkuran sɛ wɔnsuasua gyinabea a Yudafo a wɔtaa wɔn wɔ Wiase Ko II mu no sii no, na efi saa bere no, wɔahyehyɛ Yudafo akatua ho sika. Wɔdii Beckles afotuo akyi no, wɔte CARICOM Reparations Commission no wɔ Ɛbɔ bosome wɔ afe 2013. Wɔ afe 2014 mu no, Caribbean aman 15 na wɔyii "CARICOM Ten Point Plan for Reparative Justice" adi, a ɛkaa sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ Europa tua wɔn ka wɔ amanehunu a Atlantic nkoatɔ de baa wɔn so no ho. Nea na wɔhwehwɛ no bi ne kyɛwpa a ɔman biara bɛpa (a na ɛnyɛ sɛ "wɔbɛpa ho kyɛw"), Afrikafo a wɔatu wɔn afi wɔn man mu no a wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu, dwumadi ahorow a wɔde bɛboa Afrikafo ma wɔahu wɔn abakɔsɛm na wɔaka ho asɛm akyerɛ afoforo, ne nnwumakuw a wɔde bɛboa wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn nkoasom mu no ma wɔn akenkan ne akyerɛw, honam mu apɔwmuden, ne adwene mu apɔwmuden. Caribbean aman ananmusifo aka no mpɛn pii sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde asɛm no kɔto Amanaman Ntam Asɛnnibea (ICJ). Nanso, wɔ January 2023 mu no, wɔanyɛ biribiara a ɛbɛma Barbadian aban no de asɛm no akɔ amanaman ntam atemmufoɔ anim. 

## Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
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Haitian Independence Debt

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi*' mu*

Haiti faahodie no ho ka no fa afe 1825 apam a ɛbaa Haiti ne France ntam no ho a na ɛka France ho a na France hwehwɛ sɛ wotua faahodie no ho ka a ɛyɛ francs ɔpepem 150 wɔ afe biara ka ahodoɔ anum mu a na Haiti tua no bɛyɛ ɔpepem 30 wɔ ahode a wɔhweree wɔ Haiti Nsakrae no mu a na nkoa a wɔyɛ Haitifo ka ho no ho. Wɔhyɛɛ Haiti sɛ wɔmfa bosea a edi kan no mma no, na wɔ afe 1838 mu no, France penee so sɛ wɔbɛtew ɛka a aka no so akɔ ɔpepem 60 a wɔbɛtua wɔ mfe 30 mu, na wotuaa ka a etwa to no wɔ afe 1883 mu. Nanso, The New York Times bu akontaa sɛ esiane sɛ wotuaa ka foforo de tuaa ka yi nti, na wotua ka a etwa to no wɔ afe 1947 mu. Wɔkyerɛe sɛ wɔtua ɛka a wɔtua maa no no nyinaa bɛyɛ fransin ɔpepem 112, na sɛ wɔtoto sikasɛm mu a, ɛbɛyɛ fransin ɔpepem 560 wɔ afe 2022 mu, nanso sɛ wɔde sika no bɛhyɛ Haiti sikasɛm mu a, anka wobetumi anya no dɔla ɔpepepem 115. Wɔ afe 2025 mu no, France hyehyɛɛ boayikuo bi sɛ wɔnsua ɛka a France de too Haiti no ho nsunsuansoɔ.

## Abakɔsɛm

Saint-Domingue, a seesei wɔfrɛ no Haiti no, na ɛyɛ Europafoɔ kuro a na mfasoɔ wɔ so paa wɔ wiase wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 no mu. France nyaa n'ahonyadeɛ pii denam nkoa a wɔde dii dwuma no so, na nkoa a wɔwɔ Saint-Domingue nkutoo na na wɔn dodow yɛ Atlantic nkoa a wɔtɔn wɔn no ɔha mu aduanan wɔ 1780 mfe no mu. Afe 1697 ne 1804 ntam no, Francefo faa nkoa 800,000 a wofi Afrika Atɔe fam kɔɔ Saint-Domingue kɔyɛɛ adwuma wɔ nnua akɛse so. Saint-Domingue nnipa dodoɔ duu 520,000 wɔ afe 1790, na wɔn mu 425,000 yɛ nkoa.  Nkoasomfo wu dɔɔso, na na Frenchfoɔ taa yɛ nkoa 

adwuma ma wokum wɔn, na na wɔde wɔn pii kɔ kɔ nnommumfa no mu sen sɛ wɔbɛma wɔn nneɛma a wohia esiane sɛ na ne bo nyɛ den nti. Saa berɛ no, na adwadeɛ a efi Haiti no yɛ aduasa ɔha mu nkyem wɔ France nnommumfa adwadie mu, berɛ a na n'asukɔ yɛ aduasa ɔha mu nkyem wɔ Atlantic aguadi mu. Ɛduruu 1770 mfeɛ no mu no, na kɔfe a wodi wɔ Europa no bɛborɔ ɔha biara mu aduosia fi French West Indies, titirie Saint-Domingue.

## Hwɛ bio

* Chile faahodie ho ka
* Haiti amannɔne ka
* France ne Haiti ntam abusuabɔ
* Haiti Amanaman ntam nkitahodie

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge
Nkyekyεmu:2025
Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Ɔbo no yɛ granodiorite stele a wɔakyerɛw ahyɛde bi a wɔde mae wɔ 196 A.Y.B wɔ Ɔhene Ptolemy V Epiphanes ananmu.Nkyerɛwee a ɛwɔ soro ne mfinimfini no wɔ tete misrifo kasa mu a wɔde hieroglyphic ne demotic nkyerɛwee di dwuma, bere a ase no wɔ tete hela kasa mu.Nsonsonoe nketenkete bi wɔ mmara no mu wɔ nkyerɛase abiɛsa no mu a ɛma Rosetta Ɔbo no yɛɛ ade titiriw a ɛbɛma wɔatumi akyerɛ misrifo nkyerɛwee ahorow no ase.

Wodii ɔbo no wɔ Helafo bere so, na wogye di sɛ mfiase no na wɔde akyerɛ wɔ asɔrefie bi mu ebia na ɛwɔ Sais.Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wotu kɔɔ baabi foforo wɔ tete mmere no awiei anaasɛ wɔ Mamlukfo bere so no,na awiei koraa no wɔde yɛɛ adansi nneɛma wɔ Fort Julien a ɛbɛn Rashid (Rosetta) kurow a ɛwɔ Nil Delta no a wosii no mu.Franseni ɔsraani panyin Pierre-François Bouchard na ohuu no wɔ July 1799 mu wɔ Napoleon ɔsatu no mu wɔ Egypt.Ɛno ne Tete Misrifo kasa abien nkyerɛwee a edi kan a wɔsan nyae wɔ nnɛyi mmere yi mu, na ɛkanyan ɔmanfo pii anigye denam tumi a ɛwɔ sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛyɛ fɛ a wɔankyerɛ ase kan no ase no so.Ankyɛ na abo so mfonini ne plaster a wɔde ayɛ nneɛma fii ase dii akɔneaba wɔ Europa tete nneɛma akorae ne nhomanimfo mu.Bere a Britaniafo dii Fransefo so nkonim no, wɔde ɔbo no kɔɔ London wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ Alexandria a wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛɛ wɔn nsa wɔ 1801 mu no ase.Efi 1802 no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔde akyerɛ baguam wɔ Britania Tete Nneɛma Akorae bere nyinaa na ɛno ne ade a wɔkɔ hɔ sen biara.

Ná wɔreyɛ ahyɛde no ho adesua dedaw bere a wotintim Hela nkyerɛwee no nkyerɛase a edi kan a edi kan wɔ 1803 mu no.Jean-François Champollion de Misrifo nkyerɛwee a wɔbɛkyerɛ ase no too gua wɔ Paris wɔ 1822 mu;egyee bere tenten ansa na nhomanimfo retumi de ahotoso akenkan Tete Misrifo nkyerɛwee ne nhoma ahorow.Nkɔso atitiriw a wonyae wɔ decoding no mu ne gye a wogye toom sɛ ɔbo no de nkyerɛwee koro no ara nkyerɛase abiɛsa ma (1799);sɛ Demotic nkyerɛwee no de ɛnne nnyigyei nkyerɛwde dii dwuma de kyerɛw amannɔne din (1802);sɛ hieroglyphic nkyerɛwee no nso yɛɛ saa, na na ɛne Demotic (1814) no di nsɛ wɔ baabiara;na wɔde nnyigyei nkyerɛwde nso dii dwuma de kyerɛw Misrifo nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa (1822–1824).

Wohuu ahyɛde koro no ara asinasin afoforo abiɛsa akyiri yi, na mprempren wonim Misrifo nkyerɛwee a ɛte saa ara pii a ɛka kasa abien anaa kasa abiɛsa, .
African Diaspora Nwoma Nwoma a Ɛtwe adwene si Reparations Narratives so

Nhoma ahorow a Afrikafo a wofi amannɔne akyerɛwfo kyerɛwee no de akatua di kan kɛse sɛ honam fam ne sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so ahyɛde. Asɛm ahorow no kasa tia ntɛnkyea a na wɔadi kan ayɛ no—biribiara fi nkoa nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ Atlantic po so no so kosi atubrafo a wogye fii wɔn nsam so—na ɛka ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛne sɛ wobetua wɔn ka wɔ ankorankoro ne nnipakuw abakɔsɛm mu no ho asɛm. Ɛdenam nne, nkae, ne atɛntrenee a wɔde si mfinimfini so no, asinasin a ɛtete saa no san kyerɛkyerɛ baguam nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛfa sanba ne ayaresa ho mu.

## Abakɔsɛm Fapem: Akoa Asɛm no a Wobehyia

Zora Neale Hurston Barracoon, 2018 a wotintimii wɔ ne wuo akyi no de Cudjo Lewis, wɔn a wɔtwa toɔ a wɔte aseɛ a wɔnyaa nkwa wɔ Clotilda nkoa hyɛn no mu no mu baako ho nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw no asɛmfua biara ma. Hurston kora Lewis kasa ne n’asetra mu asɛm so, na ɛhyɛ akenkanfo ma wohyia nkoasom mu nsunsuanso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no tẽẽ. Nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ nhoma no huu hann wɔ ne kyerɛw no ankasa akyi bɛyɛ mfe ɔha no si ɔhaw a ɛkɔ so sɛ wobegye ntɛnkyea yi atom na wɔasiesie no so dua.

## Nnwuma Titiriw ne Akyerɛwfo

# **Toni Morrison,** ***"Beloved"*** **(1987):** Morrison ayɛsɛm no nam Sethe, ɔbea bi a ɔbabea a okum no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔrenkɔ nkoasom mu no haw no so yɛ nkoasom akyi nsɛm a ɛyɛ hu no ho ɔyɛkyerɛ. Asɛm a ɛnyɛ linear no ka nkoasom agyapade a apaapae no ho, na esi so dua sɛ wobegye atom na wɔasan de ama ne suban no na sɛ yɛbɛtrɛw mu a, ɔman bi ahonim.
# **[[Yaa Gyasi]],** **"''Homegoing"'' (2016):** “Homegoing” a ɛfa awo ntoatoaso awotwe ho wɔ Ghana ne United States nyinaa hwehwɛ anuanom mmea baanu nkrabea a ɛsono emu biara—baako ware kɔ hokwan mu, ɔfoforo no tɔn kɔ nkoasom mu. Gyasi’s "intergenerational structure" da sɛnea abakɔsɛm mu ɛka a wontuae no boaboa ano wɔ mogya abusua ahorow mu adi, na ɛma ɛyɛ ɔfrɛ a ɛda adi pefee sɛ wonsiesie nhyehyɛe mu ɔhaw ahorow.
# **Marlon James,** **"''The Book of Night Women"'' (2009):** James ayɛsɛm no si afeha a ɛto so dunwɔtwe mu Jamaica mfuw bi mfinimfini, na edi Lilith a odi nkoa atuatew a wɔatu nyinsɛn agu anim no akyi. Ɛdenam ɔsɔretia ne nea wɔde siw ano atirimɔden so a wɔyɛ ho ɔyɛkyerɛ so no, nkyerɛwee no hwehwɛ sɛ wogye adwumaden ne ahodwiriw a wontua ho ka a nnipa a wɔde wɔn ayɛ nkoa gyinaa ano no tom.
# **Claudia Rankine,** **"''Citizen: An American Lyric"'' (2014):** Rankine nam anwensɛm a wɔde ayɛ asɛm ne adwinni a wɔde aniwa hu so kyerɛw mmusuakuw mu basabasayɛ a ɛkɔ so da biara da no din sɛ ntɛnkyea a wɔaboaboa ano ho nhoma. Bere a ɔmmfa n’adwene nsi akatua a wɔde ma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so so no, Citizen kyerɛw adwene mu ɛka a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn ase no din, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nokware a wosiesie no di sikasɛm ne nkate fam nsɛm nyinaa ho dwuma.

## Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so
Asantemanso

**Asantemanso** yɛ beaeɛ bi a Asantefoɔ gye di sɛ wɔfiri. Wɔgye di sɛ ɛhɔ ne wɔn abɔseɛ

## Ɛhe ne Asantemanso
Asantemanso yɛ pɔkɛseɛ bi a ɛwɔ Essumegya kurotia. Sɛ wofiri Bɛkwae reba Essumagya a,  woduru Asantemanso, bɛtwa asuo " Subin Abena Antwi", san tra Asante Odumkɛseɛ ansa na woaduru Essumagya ( Odumkɛseɛ yi yɛ dua bi a ɛfiri abɔdeɛ mfitiaseɛ bɛsi nnɛ, sikan nkaa da. Sɛdeɛ ne keseɛ teɛ no, saa ara na ɛteɛ )Asantemanso pɔkɛseɛ yi nso yɛ pɔkɛseɛ a, ɛfiri abɔdeɛ mfitiaseɛ no, sekan nkaa da. Na yɛrentumi nka Asanteman abakɔsɛm ngya Asantemanso.

## Asantefoɔ Gyidie a Ɛfa Asantemanso Pɔ Kɛseɛ no ho
Wɔgye di sɛ saa pɔ ɔkɛseɛ yi mu na Asanteman pue firiiɛ . Wɔkyerɛ sɛ, wɔn nana Aberewa Musu ne mpanimfoɔ bi te sɛ Adu Panyin, Adu Manu, Adu Mensah, Kyeame Agyekum, Kyeame Acheampong Tenten, Abrade Kwaa, Abrewa Takyiwaa Brobe, Abrewa Bruku, Samante Musu ne Yaa Senefanton, a wɔn din deda  Essumegyafoɔ nkonnwa so no nyinaa pue firii bɔn bi a ɛwɔ Asantemanso  mu da koro Dwoada bi. Wɔn a wɔpue firii Asantemanso no yɛ Aduanafoɔ ne Agonafoɔ. Na berɛ a wɔreba no, na kraman di wɔn anim a egya tua n'ano. Beaeɛ a wɔdii kan kɔtenaeɛ no, ɛnnɛ yi, wɔn tanɔ bosomkɛseɛ no da so si hɔ. Wɔdii mmerɛ kakra wɔ beaeɛ a mprempren yi  tano no si no ; na wɔn nyinaa tu bɛtenaa asuo Subin agya a seesei, wɔfrɛ hɔ  Essumegya ( Asuogya na ɛnnɛ yɛfrɛ no Essumegya). Wɔte Essumegya a wɔase reyɛ adɔre no na ɛbinom tutu kɔtenaa beaeɛ a ɛnnɛ wɔteteɛ  yi. Yei akyi ansa na wɔrebɛsan nso aka wɔn ho abom sɛ Asanteman wɔ Otumfuo Osei Tutu a ɔdi kan berɛ so. Afahyɛ titiriw Nkyidwo a wɔdi no, wɔyɛ amanneɛ no mu fa kɛseɛ no ara wɔ Asantemanso pɔkɛseɛ no mu. 

## Amanneɛ a Wɔyɛ no Asantemanso
Mfeɛ mmienu biara no, wɔdi afahyɛ de dwira pɔ kɛseɛ yi. Afahyɛ a wɔdi no din de Nkyidwoɔ afahyɛ Dwoada a ɛdi adaeɛ kɛseɛ akyi wɔ  mfeɛ mmienu biara na wɔdi Nkyidwo. Botaeɛ no nyinaa ne sɛ nananom a wɔpue firii Asantemanso no puee Dwoada. Na afahyɛ no mu no, nneɛma ahodoɔ a wɔde di dwuma no mu fa kɛseɛ no firi Otumfuo hɔ. Nantwie a wɔtwa wɔ Asantemanso ne nneɛma a wɔde fufu tɔ no nyinaa firi Asantehene hɔ. Mmom, ɔno ankasa mma hɔ bi. 

Nyɛ nkyidwo nko ara na wɔyɛ no Asantemanso. Adaeɛ tɔ a, nananom  tumi kɔyɛ amanneɛ ahodoɔ bebree a yɛbɛka ne nyinaa ho asɛm akyire yi. Wɔn a wɔtumi kɔ Asantemanso pɔkɛseɛ no mu no ne Agonafoɔ ne Aduanafoɔ bi a wɔadware wɔn. Na sɛ wɔrekɔ a, Ankɔbeahene na ɔdi wɔn anim. 

## Mmeaeɛ a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ