Kwaeɛ

**Kwae** yɛ asase a nnua wɔ so kɛse. Wɔde kwaeɛ ho nkyerɛaseɛ ɔhaha pii di dwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa, a wɔde nneɛma te sɛ nnua dodoɔ, nnua no tenten, asase a wɔde di dwuma, mmara kwan so gyinabea, ne abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom dwumadie ka ho. Amanaman Nkabom no Aduan ne Kuadwuma Ahyehyɛde (FAO) kyerɛkyerɛ kwae mu sɛ, "Asase a ne kɛse boro hekta 0.5 a nnua a ɛkorɔn boro mita 5 ne ntama a ɛkata so bɛboro ɔha biara mu nkyem 10, anaa nnua a etumi du saa ahwehwɛde ahorow yi ho wɔ beae a ɛwɔ no. Ɛyɛ." nka asase a ɛwɔ kuayɛ anaa nkuropɔn mu dwumadie mu titire no ho." Wɔde saa nkyerɛaseɛ yi dii dwuma no, Wiase Nyinaa Kwaeɛ Ahodeɛ Nhwehwɛmu 2020 (FRA 2020) hunuu sɛ kwaeɛ no yɛ hekta ɔpepepem 4.06 (acre ɔpepepem 10.0; kilomita ahinanan ɔpepem 40.6; ahinanan ɔpepem 15.7 akwansin), anaasɛ bɛyɛ wiase asase no ɔha biara mu nkyem 31 wɔ afe 2020 mu.

## Nkyerɛmu
ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa de asɛmfua kwae di dwuma de, nanso nkyerɛase pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wogye tom wɔ amansan nyinaa mu, na wɔde kwae ho nkyerɛase bɛboro 800 na edi dwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa kyerɛkyerɛ kwae mu denam nnua a ɛwɔ hɔ so de, nanso wɔ nkyerɛase pii ase no, ebia wɔbɛda so ara abu beae a nnua nni hɔ koraa sɛ kwae sɛ enyin nnua wɔ bere bi a atwam no mu, ebenyin nnua daakye, anaasɛ mmara kwan so de too gua sɛ a kwae a afifide ahorow a ɛwɔ mu no mfa ho.[13]

Nkyerɛase ahorow abiɛsa a ɛtrɛw wɔ kwae a wɔde di dwuma ho: adwumayɛ, asase a wɔde di dwuma, ne asase a wɔde kata so.[13] Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛfa nnisoɔ ho no gyina mmara kwan so din a wɔde ama asase no so titire, na ɛtaa ne ne afifideɛ no nni abusuabɔ kɛseɛ: asase a wɔde ama wɔ mmara kwan so sɛ kwaeɛ no, wɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛdeɛ ɛteɛ sɛ mpo nnua biara nnyin wɔ so a. Asase a wɔde di dwuma ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu ahorow gyina atirimpɔw titiriw a asase no di ho dwuma so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi akyerɛ kwae ase sɛ asase biara a wɔde yɛ nnua titiriw. Wɔ asase a wɔde di dwuma ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛte saa ase no, wɔda so ara bu akwan anaa nneɛma a wɔatutu mu wɔ beae bi a wɔde yɛ kwae mu—anaa mmeae a otwa, nyarewa, anaa ogya atutu—no sɛ kwae, sɛ nnua biara nni mu mpo a. Asase a ɛkata so ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu ahorow no gyina afifide ahorow a enyin wɔ asase no so ne ne dodow so kyerɛkyerɛ kwae mu. Nkyerɛase ahorow a ɛtete saa no taa kyerɛkyerɛ kwae mu sɛ beae a nnua nyin sen aboboano bi. Saa aboboano yi taa yɛ nnua dodoɔ a ɛwɔ beaeɛ biara (density), asase a ɛwɔ dua no ase (canopy cover) anaa asase no fa a nnua no ntini no ntwemu no te (basal area).[13] Wɔ asase a ɛkata so ho nkyerɛase ahorow a ɛte saa ase no, sɛ ɛyɛ nnua a ɛrenyin nkutoo a, wobetumi ahu asase no fa bi sɛ kwae. Mmeae a entumi nni asase a ɛkata so nkyerɛase no so no, wobetumi akɔ so de aka ho bere a nnua a ennyinii wɔ hɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ebedu nkyerɛase no ho bere a ɛrenyin no.[13]

## Edin no Farebaeɛ
asɛmfua kwae no fi Franse Dedaw kwae (a ɛsan nso yɛ forès), a ɛkyerɛ "kwae, ntrɛwmu kɛse a nnua akata so"; wodii kan de kwae baa Borɔfo kasa mu sɛ asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ wuram asase a wɔde asi hɔ ama abɔmmɔ a ɛho nhia sɛ nnua wɔ asase no so. Ebia ɛyɛ fɛm, ebia ɛnam Frank anaa German High Dedaw so, a ɛfa Mfinimfini Mmere mu Latin foresta ho, a ɛkyerɛ "nnua a wɔabue", Carolingian akyerɛwfo dii kan de foresta dii dwuma wɔ Charlemagne capitularies mu, titiriw de kyerɛɛ ɔhene no ahemfo abɔmmɔbea. Na asɛmfua no nyɛ Romance kasa ahorow no mu de, s.e., kurom hɔ nsɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma kwae wɔ Romance kasa ahorow mu a wonya fii Latin silva mu, a ɛkyerɛ "kwae" ne "nnua(asase)" (fa toto Engiresi kasa mu sylva ne sylvan ho; Italia kasa no, Spania kasa, ne Portugalfo selva, Romaniafo silvă, Fransefo Dedaw no ankasa). Kwae ho nsɛm a ɛne no hyia wɔ Romance kasa ahorow mu—sɛ nhwɛso no, Italiafo foresta, Spania ne Portugal kasa mu floresta, ne nea ɛkeka ho—ne nyinaa yɛ nea awiei koraa no wonya fii Franse kasa mu.

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