Gabon’s Repatriation of Fang Ancestral Skulls

*Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ *'Asante Twi*' mu*

Gabon, a Fangfoɔ na ɛte hɔ no yɛ nnipakuo a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Central Africa no mu baako no abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsane anya Fangfoɔ nananom nkataboɔ, ahenkyɛ, ne nkataanim kronkron a wɔfomm wɔ nnisoɔ berɛ mu no. Saa nnoɔma yi yɛ nnoɔma a ɛho hia wɔ Fang amammerɛ mu, na ɛfa honhom mu, amammerɛ, ne abusua ho nsɛm ho.

## Fang ahoni ho adwuma ho amammerɛ ne honhom fam dwumadie
Fang nananom nkatabo, a wɔtaa kyerɛ wɔ ahenkyɛ a ɛbɔ wɔn ho ban (añgokh-nlo-byeri anaa bieri) mu no, wɔ nananom ne abusua mu akannifo a wɔwɔ obu no nnompe a aka no. Saa nneɛma yi yɛ tetefo a wɔsom wɔn a wɔde wɔn di dwuma wɔ amanne ahorow a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban, wɔsa wɔn yare, na wɔde wɔn kɔ nnipa mu no mu nsɛntitire

Mpɛn pii no, wɔhwɛ ahoni no ti so a, wɔhwɛ no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ koma, na wɔn anim nso yɛ akutu, na wɔhyehyɛ no nnuhwam mu, na wɔhyɛ ahoni no mu den de kyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ nananom a wofi mu.

## Nnipa a wɔfaa wɔn nnomum ne donkomi ho ntawantawa
Berɛ a na Francefoɔ retrɛ wɔn amammerɛ mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mfitiaseɛ no, na wɔn a wɔhyɛ amammerɛ ase no taa yi Fang nneɛma no fi hɔ - mpɛn pii no, na ɛyɛ nea mmara mma kwan. Wogye di sɛ René-Victor Fournier, a na ɔyɛ Franse amammui amrado no, nyaa Ngil nkataanim a wɔde di afahyɛ no bi bɛyɛ 1917 mu. Akyiri yi, wɔtɔn nkataanim yi wɔ France, na ɛde asɛm baa mmara mu

2022 Montpellier boɔ a wɔtɔnee no maa wɔn a wɔhwɛe no ho dwirii wɔn: wɔtɔn nkataanim bi a wɔtɔnee no €150 maa no €4.2 million, na ɛmaa wɔnyaa mfasoɔ kɛse, na wɔdaa baabi a ɛfii a na ɛyɛ akyinnyegyeɛ no adi

## Gabon mmara, nkɔmmɔbɔ, ne ɔmanfoɔ asɛnnie
Nea Gabon man no yɛe wɔ ho ne sɛ, wɔde wɔn kɔɔ France asɛnnibea kɔbɔɔ wɔn sobo sɛ "wɔagye nneɛma a wɔawia" na wɔpɛe sɛ wɔbu wɔn ani agu agu aguadi no so. Asɛnni no kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ obi nya saa nneɛma kronkron yi bi a, ɛtia ɔbra pa ne apam a na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ bere a na wɔyɛ abibifo no.

Berɛ koro no ara, Fang amammerɛ mu akannifoɔ ne Gabonese amanɔne mu akuw hyɛɛ adwadie afie te sɛ Sotheby's sɛ wɔnnyae amammerɛ mu nneɛma a wɔtɔn no. Wɔ afe 2023 mu no, wɔhyɛɛ Sotheby's ase sɛ wɔntwe ɔfa a wɔato din Fang a ɛwɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no mfi gua mu esiane sɛ ɛyɛ kronkron nti

## Nnoɔma a wɔsan de mae ho nsɛm a ɛkyɛn so
Saa nneyɛe yi ba bere a nnipa a wɔwɔ France ne Europa nyinaa repɛ sɛ wɔsan de nnoɔma a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ nniso ase no kɔ wɔn man mu no. Bere a France de nneɛma a ɛwɔ ɔman no tete nnoɔma akorae mu, te sɛ Benin ne Senegal nneɛma a wɔde kɔmaa aman afoforo no, wɔn a wɔde wɔn ankasa nneɛma kɔmaa aman foforo no da so ara yɛ asɛm wɔ ɔman no mmara mu

Gabon ka sɛ wɔmfa nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma wɔasan de nnoɔma a wɔagye afi ɔman no mu ama ɔmanfoɔ, na wɔasan nso de nneɛma a wɔagye afi ɔman no mu ama ankorankoro, a nnoɔma a wɔde asie wɔ France, Switzerland, ne United States ka ho.

## Abrabɔ ne amanyɔsɛm ho nsusu ho
Ahodua no ne mmɔden a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛyi nimdeɛ afi wɔn nsam na wɔasan de amammerɛ mu agyapadeɛ a wɔatu afi wɔn man mu no asi hɔ (Wikipedia, 2024) . Wɔ Fangfo fam no, wɔn nananom mpokyerɛ nyɛ nneɛma bi kɛkɛ - wɔyɛ abusua a wofi mu ne wɔn nipasu ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte ase. Wɔn a wɔbɛsan aba no ho hia na ama wɔatumi asan asiesie wɔn amammerɛ na wɔakɔ so atena hɔ daa.

Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano ne tete nneɛma akorae ahorow no kyerɛ sɛ mmara a ɛwɔ hɔ, nokware a wɔde dii dwuma, ne nwomasua mu mfaso no ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsan agye nneɛma no. Wɔ aman pii mu no, sɛ obi pɛ sɛ ɔboaboa nneɛma ano a, ɛsɛ sɛ onya adanseɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔaboaboa nnoɔma ano wɔ ɔkwan a ɛmfata so - ɛyɛ ɔhaw berɛ a wɔn a wɔboaboa nnoɔma ano no nnim baabi a ɛfiri no.

## Mmoano
Gabon's campaign to repatriate Fang ancestral skulls and sacred objects mixes legal advocacy, diplomatic negotiation, and cultural mobilization. Gabon's campaign to repatriate Fang ancestral skulls and sacred objects mixes legal advocacy, diplomatic negotiation, and cultural mobilization. Gabon's campaign to repatriate Fang ancestral skulls and sacred objects mixes legal advocacy, diplomatic negotiation, and cultural mobilization. Gabon's campaign to repatriate Fang ancestral skulls and sacred objects mixes legal advocacy, diplomatic negotiation, and cultural mobilization. Ɛma yehu hia a nnipa nnompe yi ho hia no, ɛnyɛ sɛ nnipa ho nsɛm a ɛyɛ nwonwa, na mmom sɛ agyapade kronkron. Saa asɛm yi ma yɛhu nsonsonoe a ɛda amammerɛ mu mmara ne wiase nyinaa gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛreyɛ nsakrae a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde atɛntrenee a wɔde siesie bɔne no di kan no ntam. Nea ebefi mu aba no betumi ama Afrika amammerɛ agyapade a wɔde bɛsan ama no no ayɛ kɛse.

## Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
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