Mpaemuka a Ɛfa Hokwan a Abibifo Wɔ Ho (Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous)

**Mpaemuka a ɛfa Hokwan a Abibifo wɔ ho** (**Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples** - **UNDRIP** anaa **DOTROIP**  ) [note 1]  yɛ gyinaesi a ɛnyɛ nea ɛkyekyere wɔ mmara kwan so a Amanaman Nkabom no (United Nations) penee so wɔ afe 2007 mu. Ɛkyerɛkyerɛ na ankorankoro ne nnipakuw hokwan ahorow a Abibifo wɔ (rights of Indigenous peoples), a wɔn wurayɛ hokwan ahorow (ownership rights) a wɔwɔ wɔ amammerɛ ne amanne kwan so nkyerɛkyerɛmu (cultural and ceremonial expression), nipasu (identity), kasa (language), adwumayɛ (employment), akwahosan (health), nhomasua (education), ne nsɛm afoforo ho ka ho (other issues). Wɔn wurayɛ nso trɛw kɔ wɔn adwene ne amammerɛ mu agyapade (intellectual and cultural property) a wɔbɔ ho ban so. Mpaemuka no "si hokwan a Abibifo wɔ sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so akura wɔn ankasa ahyehyɛde, amammerɛ ne atetesɛm mu na wɔahyɛ mu den, na wɔadi wɔn nkɔso akyi ma ɛne wɔn ankasa ahiade ne wɔn apɛde hyia so dua" - (emphasizes the rights of Indigenous peoples to maintain and strengthen their own institutions, cultures and traditions, and to pursue their development in keeping with their own needs and aspirations). "Ɛbara nyiyim a wɔyɛ tia aborɔfo," na "ɛhyɛ wɔn kyɛfa a edi mũ na etu mpɔn wɔ nsɛm a ɛfa wɔn ho nyinaa mu ne hokwan a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔkɔ so yɛ soronko na wodi wɔn ankasa anisoadehu ahorow a ɛfa sikasɛm ne asetra mu nkɔso akyi no ho nkuran" - (it prohibits discrimination against indigenous peoples," and it "promotes their full and effective participation in all matters that concern them and their right to remain distinct and to pursue their own visions of economic and social development).

Mpaemuka no botae ne sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ aman nkuran ma wɔne aborɔfo ayɛ adwuma de adi wiase nyinaa nsɛm te sɛ nkɔsoɔ (development), demokrase a amammerɛ ahorow pii wom (multicultural democracy), ne amanyɔde (decentralization).

Yawoada, Ɛbɔ 13, 2007 no, Amanaman Nkabom (United Nations) no de nnipa dodow no ara 143 too aba de gyinaa Mpaemuka no so (anan (4) tiaa, dubaako (11) annye antom, na aduasa anan (34) annye antom).

Efi afe 2007 no, aman anan a wɔtow aba tiaa no no adan wɔn gyinabea na mprempren wɔtaa Mpaemuka no akyi. Ɛde besi bosoome Ɔgyefoɔ afe 2020 no, *Amanaman Nkabom Dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ sikasɛm ne asetra mu nsɛm so, Abibifo ka* (A/RES/61/295) ho asɛm sɛ "...amanaman ntam adwinnade a ɛkɔ akyiri sen biara a ɛfa abibifo hokwan ahorow ho." Ɛde amansan nhyehyɛe a ɛfa gyinapɛn a ɛba fam koraa a ɛbɛma wiase abibifo nkwa, nidi ne yiyedi asi hɔ na ɛkyerɛkyerɛ nnipa hokwan gyinapɛn a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw ne ahofadi atitiriw a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu kɔ akyiri sɛnea ɛfa aborɔfo tebea pɔtee ho no. 

Sɛ́ Amansan Nhyiam Mpaemuka no, UNDRIP nyɛ adwinnade a ɛkyekyere wɔ mmara kwan so wɔ amanaman ntam mmara ase (international law). Sɛnea UN nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ bi kyerɛ no "egyina hɔ ma amanaman ntam mmara mu gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛrenya nkɔsoɔ a ɛyɛ nnam no ampa na ɛda UN aman a wɔka ho no bɔhyɛ sɛ wɔbɛkɔ akwan horow bi so"; UN ka ho asɛm sɛ ɛde “gyinabea titiriw bi si hɔ ma sɛnea wɔyɛ aborɔfo (indigenous peoples) a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛbɛyɛ adwinnade titiriw a wɔde beyi nnipa hokwan ahorow (human rights violations) a wobu so tia okyinnsoromma (planet's) yi so aborɔfo ɔpepem 370 no afi hɔ, na wɔaboa wɔn ma wɔako atia nyiyim (discrimination) ne nnipa a wɔde wɔn to nkyɛn (marginalisation). 

UNDRIP kyerɛw "Abibifoɔ abakɔsɛm mu anwiinwii (grievances), nnɛyi nsɛnnennen (contemporary challenges) ne asetena mu sikasɛm (socio-economic), amammuisɛm ne amammerɛ mu apɛdeɛ (political and cultural aspirations)" na ɛyɛ "awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ tenten mmɔdenbɔ a Abibifoɔ ahyehyɛdeɛ abɔ sɛ wɔbɛnya amanaman ntam adwene, sɛ wɔbɛgye wɔn apɛdeɛ atom, na wɔanya mmoa ama wɔn amammuisɛm ho nhyehyɛe ahorow."  Canada Nhwehwɛmu Titenani ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo panyin wɔ Saskatchewan Sukuupɔn mu (University of Saskatchewan) Ken Coates kyerɛ sɛ UNDRIP ne Abibifo di nkitaho denneennen, bere a aman nniso ahorow nnya nte nkɛntɛnso a enya no ase yiye.

## Abakɔsɛm
Fapem a wɔde yɛɛ saa mpaemuka yi fii ase wɔ 1923 ne 1925 mu denam Haudenosaunee Panyin Deskaheh ne Māori T. W. Ratana, a wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔde nsɛm a ɛfa Canada ne New Zealand a wɔantumi ankura apam ahorow mu no bɛba Amanaman Apam (League of Nations), Amanaman Nkabom no anim no nnwuma so (United Nations' precursor). Wofii ase san susuw Abibifo ho nsɛm ho wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ afe 1982 mu bere a wɔhyehyɛɛ Adwumakuw a Ɛhwɛ Abibifo So, a Sikasɛm ne Asetra mu Bagua (ECOSOC) hyehyɛe no. Na wɔn botae ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ krataa a ɛfa biribiara ho a ɛbɛboa ma wɔabɔ Abibifo hokwan ne hokwan ahorow ho ban wɔ wiase nyinaa.

Mpaemuka no faa nhyehyɛe ahorow pii mu fi afe 1994 kosi afe 2006,  na na Vienna Mpaemuka ne Dwumadi Nhyehyɛe no akamfo nkyerɛase (Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action) bi akyerɛ dedaw wɔ afe 1993 mu.

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