Andrés Manuel López Obrador

**Andrés Manuel López Obrador** (kubabika pa 13 November 1953), uyo wakumanyikwaso na mazina gha **AMLO**, ni ndyali wa ku Mexico uyo wakuteŵetera nga president wa 65 wa Mexico kwambira pa 1 December 2018. Wakaŵapo mulongozgi wa boma la Mexico City kufuma mu 2000 mpaka 2005.

Wakababikira ku Tepetitán, mu tawuni ya Macuspana,mu chigaŵa cha Tabasco, kumwera kwa charu ichi, López Obrador wakasanga digiri ya sayansi ya ndyali ku National Autonomous University of Mexico pamanyuma pakuti waleka masambiro kuti wanjire ndyali. Wakamba umoyo wake wa ndyali mu 1976 nga ndi mamembala gha chipani cha Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Malo ghake ghakwamba ghakaŵa gha ku Tabasco, uko wakawovwiranga kuti paŵe mabuku gha viyowoyero vya ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Mu chaka cha 1989, wakajoyina chipani cha Democratic Revolution (PRD), ndipo mu chaka cha 1994 wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chipani ichi. Mu 2000, wakasankhika kuŵa Mulara wa Boma la Mexico City. Pa nyengo iyo wakaŵira mu boma, mulandu wake, vinthu vyamahara, na ndalama izo wakagwiliskiranga ntchito pa umoyo wa ŵanthu vikapangiska kuti waŵe munthu wakutemweka chomene ku Mexico. Mu 2004, boma likamuwuskapo wanangwa wake chifukwa wakakana kuleka kuzenga pa malo agho ghakayowoyeka kuti ghakapokeka na Rosario Robles. Ndondomeko iyi yikatora chaka chimoza ndipo yikamara apo López Obrador wakalutilira kuŵa na wanangwa wa kwimilira.

López Obrador wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa boma wa chipani cha Coalition for the Good of All pa mavoti gha 2006, apo wakatondeka na mulongozgi wa National Action Party (PAN) Felipe Calderón. Nangauli khoti la Federal Electoral Tribunal likati pakaŵa vinthu vinyake vyambura kwenelera, kweni likakana pempho la López Obrador lakuti ŵapimeso ŵanthu, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakhuŵare. Mu 2011, wakambiska gulu la Morena, ndipo pamasinda wakazgoka chipani. Wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chipani cha Progressive Movement mu 2012 ndipo wakathereskeka na Enrique Peña Nieto. Mu 2012, wakaleka chipani cha PRD pamanyuma pakususkana na phangano la chipani ichi la Mexico ndipo wakajoyina Morena. Monga chigawo cha mgwirizano wa Juntos Haremos Historia, López Obrador adasankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti pambuyo pa chigonjetso chachikulu pa chisankho cha 2018.

Kanandi wakulongosoreka nga ni munthu wa ku mphepete, wakulutilira, wa ŵanthu ŵanandi, ndiposo wa vyachuma, López Obrador waŵa ndyali kwa virimika vyakujumpha 30. Pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa pulezidenti, wakawovwira kuti maboma ghaŵikeko ndalama zinandi mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa vyambura kukhumbikwa na maboma ghakale. Awo ŵakumukhozga ŵamuwonga cifukwa ca kukhozga kusintha kwa maboma pamanyuma pa vilimika vinandi vya kusowa kwa wanangwa na vimbundi, ndiposo kuwoneseska kuti vinthu viŵe makora ku ŵanthu awo ŵakugwira nchito. Critics have claimed that his administration has stumbled in its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and attempts to deal with drug cartels has antagonized Mexican democratic institutions and that the economy had already faltered before the pandemic.

## Umoyo na masambiro
López Obrador wakababika mu Tepetitán, muzi ucoko mu tawuni ya Macuspana, kumwera kwa Tabasco, pa 13 Novembala 1953. Ni mwana wakwamba wa Andrés López Ramón (mwana wa Lorenzo López na Beatriz Ramón) na Manuela Obrador González, ŵamalonda ŵa ku Tabasco na Veracruz. Ŵabali ŵake ŵachoko ni José Ramón, José Ramiro, Pedro Arturo, Pío Lorenzo, na mapasa Candelaria Beatriz na Martín Jesús. Sekuru wake José Obrador Revuelta wakaŵa wa ku Cantabria uyo wakafuma ku Ampuero, Spain, ndipo abuya ŵake Úrsula González wakaŵa wa ku Asturias. Kwizira mu ŵasekuru ŵake, López Obrador nayo wakaŵa wa mafuko gha ku Africa.

López Obrador wakasambira pa sukulu ya Marcos E. Sukulu ya Becerra, iyo yikwendeskeka na mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist ndipo yikucemeka na zina la mulongozgi wa ku Mexico. Namise wakawovwiranga ŵapapi ŵake mu sitoro ya La Posadita. López Obrador wakamba sukulu ya sekondare ku Macuspana kweni wakamalizga mu msumba wa Villahermosa, uko mbumba yake yikasamukira pakati pa m'ma 1960 na kujura sitoro ya vyakuvwara na skapato yakucemeka Novedades Andrés. Pa 8 Juni 1969, apo wakaŵa na vilimika 15, munung'una wake José Ramón López Obrador wakafwa na futi ku mutu. Pa webusayiti ya Los Suspirantes 2018, José Ramón wakasanga futi, wakayigwiliskira nchito, ndipo yikamwendera, ndipo yikamuponya bala mu mutu. Mu nyuzipepara za ku Tabasco, Rumbo Nuevo, Diario de Tabasco, na Diario Presente mukaŵa nkhani yakuti wose ŵaŵiri ŵakaseŵeranga na futi ndipo Andrés Manuel wakawombera mwangozi. Kuyana na Zepeda Patterson, Andrés Manuel "wakakhala waka chete, ndipo wakamba kughanaghanirapo comene" pa cakucitika ici. López Obrador wakamalizga sukulu ya sekondare ndipo apo wakaŵa na vyaka 19, wakaluta ku Mexico City kuti wakasambire pa Yunivesite ya Mexico (UNAM)..

Wakasambira sayansi ya ndyali na boma pa UNAM kufuma mu 1973 mpaka 1976. Wakawelera ku sukulu kuti wakamalizge masambiro ghake pamanyuma pakugwira maudindo ghanandi mu boma la Tabasco na chipani cha Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Mu 1987, wakapokera digirii ya sayansi ya ndyali na boma pamanyuma pa kufumiska thesis yake, Proceso de formación del Estado Nacional en México 1821-1867.

Wakakhalanga mu nyumba ya Casa del Estudiante Tabasco apo wakaŵa ku koleji mu vigaŵa vya Guerrero mu msumba wa Mexico. Wupu uwu ukawovwirika na boma la Mario Trujillo García, kazembe wa Tabasco, kwizira mwa Carlos Pellicer, uyo López Obrador wakamba kudumbiskana nayo. Ŵanthu ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakakolerananga comene cifukwa munyamata uyu wakalongosora umo wakacitiranga na ŵanthu ŵa ku Chontal Maya. Pamanyuma pa ungano uwu, mulembi uyu wakamupempha kuti walute nayo ku ungano wake wa ku Senate pa nyengo ya maungano gha mu 1976. Pulofesa wake wa pa yunivesite, Enrique González Pedrero wakaŵa munthu munyake uyo wakawovwira chomene pa ndyali ya López Obrador.

### Mbumba na umoyo wa munthu
Wakati wasambira sukulu kufuma mu 1973 m'paka mu 1976, wakawelera ku Tabasco uko wakaŵa na maudindo ghakupambanapambana mu boma kweniso wakaŵa pulofesa pa Yunivesite ya Juárez Autonomous of Tabasco. Pa nyengo iyi, wakakumana na Rocío Beltrán Medina, uyo wakasambiranga vya umoyo wa ŵanthu. Paumaliro ŵakatorana pa Epulero 8, 1978. Ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵatatu: José Ramón López Beltrán (wakababika mu 1981), Andrés Manuel López Beltrán (wakababika mu 1986), na Gonzalo Alfonso López Beltrán (wakababika mu 1991). Beltrán Medina wakafwa pa Janyuwale 12, 2003 cifukwa ca nthenda ya lupus.

Pa 16 Okutobala 2006, wakatora Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller, uyo wakagwiranga nchito mu boma la Mexico City apo wakaŵa mutu wa boma la Mexico City. Ŵakaŵa na mwana yumoza, Jesús Ernesto.

Pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa wakwamba kusoleka kuŵa pulezidenti, nkhani zinyake zikati López Obrador ni Muprotesitanti. Mu Malichi 2018, wakayowoya kuti: "Para munthu wanifumba chisopa icho nkhusopa, nkhuzgora kuti ndine Mkhristu, chifukwa Khristu ntchitemwa ndipo urunji ntchitemwa".

Mu umoyo wake wose, López Obrador wakaŵa na mazina ghakupambanapambana, kusazgapo El Molido, El Americano, La Piedra, El Comandante, na El Peje.

Wakutemwa comene baseball, ndipo timu iyo wakutemwa comene ni St. Louis Blues. Louis Cardinals.

López Obrador wakacemeka yumoza wa ŵanthu 100 awo ŵali na nkongono comene mu 2019 na magazini ya Time.

Pa 24 January 2021, wakapharazga kuti wali na nthenda ya COVID-19.

## Ntchito yayikulu ya ndale
**Munthu wa PRI**

Wakaluta ku chipani cha PRI mu 1976 kuti wawovwire kampeni ya Carlos Pellicer ya kupokera mpando wa Senate ku Tabasco. Pakati pajumpha chaka chimoza, wakadangilira wupu wakuwona vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Tabasco. Mu 1984, wakasamukira ku Mexico City kukagwira nchito ku National Consumers' Institute, wupu wa boma.

**Mlembi wa PRD**

López Obrador wakaleka udindo wake mu boma la Tabasco mu 1988 kuti wanjire mu chipani chiphya cha PRI, icho pa nyengo iyo chikachemekanga Democratic Current. Gulu ili likapangiska gulu la National Democratic Front, ndipo pamanyuma likazgoka Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).

Mu 1994, wakaluta kukaŵa kazembe wa Tabasco, kweni wakatondeka kupambana na Roberto Madrazo wa PRI. Mu 1996, López Obrador wakawonekera pa TV ya caru cose uku wali na ndopa cifukwa ca kulimbana na ŵapolisi cifukwa ca kujara visimi vya mafuta vya Pemex.

Wakaŵa pulezidenti wa PRD kufuma pa 2 Ogasiti 1996 mpaka pa 10 Epulero 1999.

## Mulara wa Boma la chigaŵa cha Federal (2000~2005)

### Kusankha
Pa Julayi 2, 2000, wakasankhika kuŵa Mulara wa Boma la Chigaŵa cha Federal, udindo uwo ukuyana waka na wa meya wa msumba wa chigaŵa cha msumba ukuru wa charu, ndipo wakapokera mavoti 38.3%..

### Ndondomeko ya ndyali

Apo wakaŵa meya, López Obrador wakachitiska mapulogiramu ghakupambanapambana agho ghakaŵa na wovwiri wa ndalama kuti wawovwire ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika mu msumba wa Mexico, kusazgapo ŵamama ŵambura kutora panji kutengwa, ŵanthu ŵalara msinkhu, kweniso ŵanthu ŵakulopwa. Wakaguliska nyumba na masukulu, wakambiska vyakuti ŵanthu ŵapemphenge penshoni, na kusazgirako maofesi. Kweniso wakawovwira kuti paŵe yunivesite yiphya yakwamba mu tawuni ya Mexico City mu vyaka 30, yakuchemeka Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México.

López Obrador wakapempha meya wa New York, Rudy Giuliani, kuti waŵike dango lakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kuzomerezga vinthu viheni ivyo vikuchitika mu msumba wa Mexico.

Wakalongozga mulimo wa kunozga na kunozga msumba wa Mexico City, uwo uli na nyumba za m'ma 1500 na 1700, kweniso malo ghanandi ghakwendakwenda. Wakadangilira kampani yakukolerana na munthu munyake wamabiliyoni ghanandi, Carlos Slim Helú, uyo wakafuma ku Mexico City, kuti wapoke, kunozga, kuzengaso, na kunozga malo ghanandi gha mu msumba uwu.

López Obrador wakagwiliskira nchito ndondomeko ya ndalama kuti wawovwire ŵekha kuti ŵasange nyumba. Wakapa makampani ghakuzenga misonkho yakusazgikira na kuchepeskako malango ghakwendeskera malo, ivyo vikapangiska kuti pa nyengo iyo wakaŵira pulezidenti, nyumba zinandi za maofesi zizengeke. Nyumba zinandi zikamba kuwoneka mu vigaŵa vya Polanco na Lomas de Chapultepec.

Kuti magalimoto ghendenge makora mu misewu yikuru yiŵiri ya mu msumba uwu, Periférico na Viaducto, wakasazgirako chigaŵa chinyake ku Anillo Periférico na kunozga misewu pafupifupi 10 pa 100. Msewu wa Metrobús, uwo uli nga ni wa Curitiba, ukaŵa pa Avenida Insurgentes, ndipo ukaŵa mtunda wa makilomita 20 kufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera.

## Ukaboni