Keir Starmer

**Wiskekuru** **Keir Rodney Starmer**  (; wakubabika pa 2 Seputembala 1962) ni wa ndyali wa ku Britain ndiposo mumanyi malango uyo wakuteŵetera nga ni Nduna Yikuru ya Ufumu Wubanyi wa Briteni kufuma mu 2024 ndiposo mulongozgi wa Chipani cha Labour kufuma mu 2020. Pakwamba wakateŵetera nga ni mulongozgi wa ŵakususka kufuma mu 2020 mpaka 2024, ndipo waŵa yumoza wa ŵa Mphara ya Malango (MP) ku Holborn na St Pancras kufuma mu 2015, ndipo wakaŵa mulaŵiliri wa milandu ya boma kufuma mu 2008 mpaka 2013. 

Starmer wakababikira ku London na kukulira ku Surrey , ndipo wakasambira ku sukulu ya boma ya Reigate . Wakaŵa wakuchitako ndyali kufuma waka pa unyamata wake ndipo wakanjira chipani cha Labour Party Young Socialists apo wakaŵa na vilimika 16. Starmer wakamalizga masambiro ghake gha Bachelor of Laws ku yunivesite ya Leeds mu 1985 ndipo wakapokera digiri ya Bachelor of Civil Law ku yunivesite ya Oxford uko . wakasambiranga ku St Edmund Hall, Oxford mu 1986. Pamanyuma pakuti ŵamuchema ku khoti , Starmer wakachitanga ntchito yakuvikilira ŵanthu ku milandu, ndipo wakasambiranga chomene vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu . Wakateŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa wanangwa wa ŵanthu ku Northern Ireland Policing Board ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa mulaŵiliri wa Fumukazi mu 2002. Apo wakaŵa mulaŵiliri wa ŵalara ŵa boma, wakalaŵiliranga milandu yinandi yikuruyikuru, kusazgapo mulandu wa kukoma Stephen Lawrence . Wakasankhika kuŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa Order of the Bath (KCB) mu 2014 Chilimika Chiphya chifukwa cha ntchito zake zakukhwaskana na malango na chilungamo cha milandu.

Starmer wakalongozgeka na ntchito yake ya ŵapolisi ŵa ku Northern Ireland kuti waŵe na ntchito ya ndale, ndipo wakasankhika ku Nyumba ya Malango pa chisankho cha 2015 . Pakuŵa mlongozgi wa boma , wakakhozgera kampeni iyo yikatondeka mu chisankho cha European Union cha 2016 ndipo wakakhozgera chisankho chachiŵiri cha Brexit . Wakasankhika ku Jeremy Corbyn 's shadow cabinet nga ni Shadow Brexit Secretary , ndipo panyuma pakuti Corbyn waleka ntchito panyuma pakuti Labour yathereskeka pa chisankho cha 2019 , Starmer wakamulondezga pakuwina chisankho cha ulongozgi cha 2020 pa pulatifomu ya ku mazere . Pakuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵakususka , wakasunkhunya gulu la Labour ku malo gha ndale na kukhozgera kuwuskapo kuwukira Ŵayuda mu chipani , ndipo chipani chake chikasanga phindu likuru mu visankho vya 2023 na 2024 .

Starmer wakalongozga Labour ku chiphalizgano chikuru pa chisankho cha 2024 , kumalizga vyaka khumi na vinayi vya boma la Conservative na Labor kuŵa chipani chikuru chomene mu Nyumba ya Malango , kulondezgapo Rishi Sunak kuŵa nduna yikuru. Mu charu ichi, Starmer wakati wazamuŵika mtima pa kukura kwa chuma, kusintha kwa ndondomeko, vyakumangamanga, nkhongono, umoyo, masambiro, kupwelelera ŵana, na kukhozga wanangwa wa ŵantchito, vyose ivi vikalongosoreka mu chisankho cha 2024 . Wakukhazikiskaso boma la Border Security Command kuti linjire mu malo gha ndondomeko ya ku Rwanda yakupeleka chitetezo . Mu ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake, Starmer wakhozgera Ukraine pa nkhondo yake na Russia na Israel pa nkhondo yake yakulimbana na Hamas , kweni wakapemphaso kuti nkhondo yileke mwaluŵiro mu Gaza Strip kufuma mu February 2024, pamanyuma pakuti pakwamba wakakana kupempha nkhondo.

## Uwaniche na masambiro

Sir Keir Rodney Starmer  wakababika pa 2 Seputembala 1962 ku Southwark , London.  Wakakulira mu tawuni ya Oxted ku Surrey.  Wakaŵa wachiŵiri pa ŵana ŵanayi ŵa Josephine ( nee  Baker ), uyo wakaŵa nesi, na Rodney Starmer, uyo wakapanga vipangizo .  Anyina ŵakaŵa na nthenda ya Still .  Ŵapapi ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵakukhozgera chipani cha Labour , ndipo ŵakuti ŵakamuthya zina la mulongozgi wakwamba wa chipani ichi mu nyumba ya malango, Keir Hardie ,  nangauli Starmer wakati mu 2015 wakamanya yayi usange ivi ni vyaunenesko. 

Starmer wakapambana mayeso gha 11-plus ndipo wakanjira ku sukulu ya Reigate Grammar School , iyo pa nyengo iyo yikaŵa sukulu yakusankha grammar yakujipeleka .  Sukulu iyi yikasintha kuŵa sukulu yakujiyimira payokha iyo yikulipira ndalama mu 1976, apo iyo wakasambiranga. Mazgu ghakukhwaskana na kutembenukira kwake ghakaŵa ghakuti ŵapapi ŵake ŵakakhumbikwiranga yayi kulipira ndalama za sukulu m’paka apo wakafiske vyaka 16, ndipo wakati wafika pa nyengo iyi, sukulu iyo sono njakovwira ŵanthu, yikamupa ndalama izo zikamupangiska kuti wamalizge masambiro ghake kwenekuko kwambura . msonkho uliwose uwo ŵapapi ŵakupeleka.  Masambiro agho wakasankha kuti wasambire mwaluso mu vyaka viŵiri vyake vyakumasinda ku sukulu ghakaŵa masamu, sumu na sayansi, umo wakafiskira A level grades ya B, B na C.  Pakati pa ŵanyake awo ŵakasambiranga nawo ŵakaŵa Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim) uyo wakasambiranga vyakwimba; Andrew Cooper , uyo wakazgoka ŵanyake ŵa mu chipani cha Conservative; na Andrew Sullivan uyo wazamuŵa mtola nkhani wakusunga fundo zakale . Malinga na Starmer, iyo na Sullivan "ŵakalimbananga pa chilichose ... Ndale, chisopa. Mukuchithya." 

Mu vyaka vyake vyauwukirano, Starmer wakachitako chomene vya ndale za Labor ndipo wakaŵa membala wa chipani cha Labour Young Socialists apo wakaŵa na vilimika 16.  Wakaŵa wakulongora vinthu vichoko ku sukulu ya sumu na maseŵero ya Guildhall mpaka apo wakaŵa na vilimika 16. 18, ndipo wakaseŵeranga chingwe, piyano, chingwe chakulembapo na violin.  Kukwambilira kwa 1980s, Starmer wakakoleka na ŵapolisi apo wakaguliskanga aisikilimu kwambura kuzomerezgeka apo wakayezganga kusanga ndalama pa nyengo ya holide ku French Riviera . Wakapona pa ivyo vikachitika kwambura kulangika, padera pa kupoka aisikilimu.  Starmer wakasambira vya malango ku yunivesite ya Leeds , wakazgoka membala wa Labor Club ya yunivesite ndipo wakamalizga masambiro ghake na ntchindi zakwamba ndiposo digiri ya Bachelor of Laws (LLB) mu 1985, ndipo wakazgoka membala wakwamba mu mbumba yake kumalizga masambiro ghake. Wakachita masambiro gha pamwamba pa yunivesite ya Oxford uko wakasambiranga ku St Edmund Hall, Oxford , ndipo wakamalizga masambiro ghake na digiri ya Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) mu 1986. 

## Ntchito ya malango

### Nkhoswe

Starmer wakazgoka loya mu 1987 ku Middle Temple , wakazgoka benchi kwenekuko mu 2009.  Wakateŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa malango ku gulu la kampeni la Liberty mpaka 1990.  Starmer wakaŵa membala wa Doughty Street Chambers kufuma mu 1990 kuya munthazi, chomenechomene kugwira ntchito pa nkhani za wanangwa wa ŵanthu. 

Starmer wakachemeka ku khoti mu vyaru vinandi vya ku Caribbean ,  uko wakavikiliranga ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na mulandu ndipo ŵakazengeka mulandu wakuti ŵakomeke.  Mu 1999, wakaŵa loya muchoko pa apilo ya Lee Clegg .  Starmer wakawovwira Helen Steel na David Morris pa mulandu wa McLibel , pa mulandu na kupempha apilu mu makhoti gha Chingelezi, nayo wakaŵayimilira ku khoti la ku Europe.  Starmer wakasankhika kuŵa mulaŵiliri wa fumukazi pa 9 Epulero 2002, apo wakaŵa na vilimika 39.  Mu chaka chimoza, wakazgoka mulara wa Doughty Street Chambers. Mu 2005, Starmer wakati "Nkhapangika kuŵa mulaŵiliri wa fumukazi, ivyo ni vyakuzizika chifukwa kanandi nkhaŵanga na fundo yakuti boma liwuskepo".  Pa nyengo iyi Starmer wakayenda na kulemba maghanoghano gha malango ghakususkana na nkhondo ya Iraq panyuma pa 2003 kuwukira kwa Iraq , wakayowoya mu 2015 kuti wakagomezganga kuti nkhondo iyi "yikaŵa yambura kuzomerezgeka na malango gha pa charu chose chifukwa pakaŵavya chigamuro cha UN icho chikazomerezga". 

Starmer wakateŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa wanangwa wa ŵanthu ku Northern Ireland Policing Board na wupu wa ŵalara ŵa ŵapolisi , ndiposo wakaŵa membala wa gulu la ulongozgi wa ŵapolisi ŵa ku vyaru vinyake, Commonwealth na Development kufuma mu 2002 m’paka 2008.  Bodi ya Northern Ireland yikaŵa cigaŵa cakuzirwa comene ca kuwunganya ŵanthu pamoza mwakuyana na phangano la Good Friday , ndipo pamanyuma pake Starmer wakayowoya kuti mulimo wake wakukhwaskana na ŵapolisi ku Northern Ireland ndiwo ukapangiska kuti wasankhe kucita ndyali: “Vinyake ivyo nkhacitanga . fundo yakuti yikwenera kusintha mu ntchito za ŵapolisi tikakwaniska mwaluŵiro kuluska umo tikafiskira mu milandu ya ndondomeko ... Nkhapulikiska makora umo mungasinthira mwa kuŵa mukati na kugomezgeka na ŵanthu". 

### Mulongozgi wa milandu ya boma
Mu Julayi 2008, Patricia Scotland , uyo ni loya mulara wa boma la England na Wales , wakasankha Starmer kuŵa mulara wa ŵalara ŵa boma (CPS) ndiposo mulaŵiliri wa ŵalara ŵa boma . Wakatora udindo kufuma kwa Ken Macdonald , uyo wakapokelera pakweru kusankhika, pa 1 Novembala 2008.  Starmer wakawonekanga kuti wakuŵika mtima pa wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu ndondomeko ya malango.  Mu 2011, wakayambiska kusintha uko kukasazgapo "kuyezgeka kwakwamba kwambura mapepala".  Pa nyengo iyo wakachitanga ntchito iyi, Starmer wakachita milandu yinandi yikuru kusazgapo mulandu wa kukoma Stephen Lawrence , kupereka awo ŵakamukoma ku khoti. 

Mu February 2010, Starmer wakapharazga kuti CPS yikadumura kuti yisuske ŵamazaza ŵatatu ŵa Labor na munyawo wa Conservative chifukwa cha milandu yakukhwaskana na kupenda ndalama zautesi panyuma pa mulandu wa kuguliska ndalama za mu nyumba ya malango , awo wose ŵakasangika kuti ŵali na mulandu.  Pa nyengo ya viwawa vya ku England vya 2011 , Starmer wakaŵika pakwamba kuzenga mulandu mwaluŵiro kwa awo ŵakachita viwawa pa vilango vitali, ivyo pamanyuma wakaghanaghana kuti vikawovwira kuti "vinthu viŵeso pasi pa mazaza".  Mu February 2012, Starmer wakapharazga kuti Chris Huhne wazamususkika chifukwa chakuti wakananga chilungamo *,* wakati pa nkhani iyi kuti "[w] apo pali ukaboni wakukwana tikuchita soni yayi kuzengeka mulandu ŵandyali". .  Mu 2013, Starmer wakapharazga kusintha kwa umo kafukufuku wa kugonana wakuchitikira pakati pa Operation Yewtree , kusazgapo gulu lakuwoneseska madandaulo gha mbiri. 

Starmer wakaleka nchito yake ya kuŵa mulaŵiliri wa boma mu Novembala 2013, ndipo wakasinthika na Alison Saunders .  Kufuma mu 2011 mpaka 2014, Starmer wakapokera madigiri ghakuchindikika kufuma ku mayunivesite ghanandi, ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa Knight Commander wa Order of the Bath (KCB) mu 2014 Chaka Chiphya Honours chifukwa cha ntchito za malango na chilungamo cha milandu. 

## Ntchito yakwamba ya ndale

### Phungu wa Mphara ya Malango

Starmer wakasankhika mu Vula 2014 kuti waŵe wakusankhika ku nyumba ya malango ya Labour ku chigaŵa cha Labor UK cha Holborn na St Pancras , mpando wakuvikilirika , pakulondezgapo chigamuro cha MP Frank Dobson uyo wakakhalapo kuti waleke ntchito.  Starmer wakasankhika pa chisankho cha 2015 na ŵanandi ŵa 17,048.  Wakasankhikaso pa chisankho cha 2017 na unandi wakusazgikira wa 30,509, ndipo wakasankhikaso pa chisankho cha 2019 kweni na unandi wakuchepa wa 27,763. Mu Zizima 2024, Starmer wakasankhikaso kuŵa wakusankhika wa Labour ku Holborn na St Pancras pa chisankho cha 2024 .

Pakuŵa munthu uyo ​​wakakhalanga pa msonkhano uwu , Starmer wakakhozgera kampeni yakuti Britain yiŵe yankhongono ku Europe iyo yikatondeka mu 2016 .  Wakazgoka membala wa magulu gha ŵamazaza gha ŵabwezi ŵa ŵantchito ŵa Israel na ŵabwezi ŵa ŵantchito ŵa ku Palestina na Middle East .  Starmer wakachiskika na ŵanyake ŵanandi kuti ŵayime pa chisankho cha ulongozgi wa chipani cha Labour cha 2015 panyuma pakuti Ed Miliband waleka ntchito yake kuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani cha Labour panyuma pakuti chipani ichi chikathereskeka pa chisankho cha 2015 . Wakasuska fundo iyi, ndipo wakayowoya kuti pa nyengo iyo wakamanyanga yayi vya ndyali.  Pa nyengo ya chisankho cha ulongozgi, Starmer wakakhozgera Meya wa munthazi wa Manchester Andy Burnham , uyo wakamalizga pa malo ghachiŵiri kwa Jeremy Corbyn . 

### Potifoliyo ya uShado
Starmer wakasankhika ku kabineti ya Corbyn kuŵa Nduna ya Mthunzi ya Kunjira mu Charu ; chigaŵa cha gulu la uteŵeti wa Burnham. Wakaleka ntchito iyi mu Juni 2016 nga ni chigaŵa cha mthunzi wakuleka ntchito wa boma chifukwa cha kususka ulongozgi wa Corbyn . Mu kalata yake yakuleka ntchito, wakalemba kuti "nchakusuzga sono kuyowoya kuti tingapereka kususka kwakukhozga kwambura kusintha mulongozgi".  Pakulondezgapo pa kuwina kwa Corbyn mu chisankho cha ulongozgi wa chipani cha Labour cha 2016 mu Seputembala, Starmer wakazomera udindo uphya pasi pa Corbyn nga ni mulembi wa boma la mthunzi wakufumamo mu wupu wa European , m'malo mwa Emily Thornberry . 

Mu mulimo wake nga ni mulembi wa Shadow Brexit, Starmer wakafumba Theresa May na boma lake uko ŵakuluta ku UK kuwaro kwa European Union (EU), ndiposo kupempha kuti ndondomeko ya Brexit yimanyikwe ku ŵanthu wose na kukhozgera fundo yachiŵiri yakuti Brexit yiŵepo .  Pakulondezgapo kuthereskeka kwa chipani pa chisankho cha 2019 , Corbyn wakapharazga kuti wazamulongozga yayi Labour pa chisankho chakulondezgapo chakulondezgapo pamanyuma pa "ndondomeko yakughanaghanira".  Starmer wakamba kujipatura ku ulongozgi wa Corbyn na ndondomeko zinandi izo wakaŵika pa chisankho, kuvumbura mu 2024 kuti "wakasimikizga kuti tizamutaya chisankho cha 2019". 

### Kupenja kuŵa Mlongozgi wa Labour

Pa 4 Mathipa 2020, Starmer wakapharazga kuti wakukhumba kusankhika pa chisankho cha ulongozgi .  Wakapokera wovwiri kufuma kwa Nduna yikuru yakale ya Ntchito Gordon Brown na Meya wa London Sadiq Khan .  Pa nyengo ya chisankho cha ulongozgi, Starmer wakachitanga pulatifomu ya ku mazere . Wakajiŵika pa malo ghakususkana na kuchepeska ndalama , ndipo wakayowoya kuti Corbyn "wakaŵa wakuneneska" kuŵika Labour nga ni "chipani chakususkana na kuchepeska ndalama ".  Wakalongora kuti walutilirenge na ndondomeko ya Labor ya kuwuskapo malipiro gha masambiro pamoza na kulayizga "ŵeneco wose" ŵa makampani gha sitima, makalata, nkhongono na maji ndipo wakapempha kuti ŵaleke kugwira ntchito ku NHS, boma la malo na chilungamo . ndondomeko.  Starmer wakapharazgika kuti wakawina pa mpikisano wa ulongozgi pa 4 Epulero 2020, wakathereska ŵalwani ŵake Rebecca Long-Bailey na Lisa Nandy , na 56.2% ya voti mu mzere woyamba. 

### Mulongozgi wa ŵakususka

Pakuti wakazgoka Mulongozgi wa Ŵakususka pakati pa nthenda ya COVID-19 , Starmer wakati mu mazgu ghake ghakuzomerezga kuti wazamuleka "kupokera fundo za ndale za chipani" ndipo wazamugwira ntchito na boma "mu chikhumbo cha charu".  Pamanyuma wakasuska chomene umo boma likachitira na nthenda iyi panyuma pa nkhani ya Partygate .  Mu May 2022, wakati wazamuleka ntchito usange wazamupokera chilango chakukhazikika chifukwa cha kuswa malango gha COVID-19 apo wakachitanga kampeni pa nyengo yakunozgekera chisankho cha Hartlepool na chisankho cha chigaŵa chaka chajumpha.  Nkhani iyo yikaŵapo pa nkhani iyi yikacemeka kuti " Beergate ".  Mu Julayi 2022, ŵapolisi ŵa ku Durham ŵakafwatura wose Starmer na Rayner ndipo ŵakati "ŵalije mulandu wakuti ŵazgore". Pakati pa nambala ya mbiri ya ŵanduna awo ŵakaleka boma la Boris Johnson mu Julayi 2022, Starmer wakapeleka fundo yakuti ŵavote kuti ŵaleke kugomezga boma , ndipo wakayowoya kuti Johnson wangazomerezgeka yayi kulutilira kuŵa mu udindo chifukwa chakuti ŵanduna ŵake ŵanandi ŵakagaluka.  Starmer wakasuskaso boma la Johnson, pamoza na boma la awo ŵakamulondezga Liz Truss na Rishi Sunak , chifukwa cha nkhani nga ni Chris Pincher scandal na suzgo la boma ilo likaŵapo pamanyuma pake , suzgo la chuma ilo likafuma mu bajeti yichoko ya 2022 na . panyuma pake suzgo la boma , suzgo la mtengo wa vyakukhumbikwa pa umoyo na strike za National Health Service na vinyake vyakususkana na strike vya mafakitale .

Pakuŵa mulongozgi wa Labour, Starmer wakaŵika mtima pa kuŵikaso chipani kutali na ku mazere na mphindano izo zikaŵasuzga ulongozgi wa Corbyn, na malayizgo ghakukhazikika pa vyachuma, kulimbana na kujumpha kwa boti lichoko , kudumura nyengo zakulindilira za NHS, kujiyimira paŵekha kwa nkhongono na kupanga vinthu vyakuzirwa, kulimbana na milandu, na kulemba 6,5. ŵasambizgi.  Starmer nayo wakalayizga kuti wazamumara kuwukira Ŵayuda mu chipani .  Mu October 2020, panyuma pakuti lipoti la Komiti Yakuwona vya Kuyana na Ufulu wa Ŵanthu (EHRC) lafumiskika pa nkhani ya kuwukira Ŵayuda mu chipani , Starmer wakazomera ivyo wakasanga mwakukwana ndipo wakaphepiska ku Ŵayuda m’malo mwa chipani.  Mu February 2023, kusintha kwa Starmer kwakususkana na Ŵayuda kukapangiska kuti chipani ichi chileke kuwoneseskaso na EHRC, ndipo Luciana Berger — MP wa Labour uyo wakaleka ntchito chifukwa cha nkhani iyi mu 2019 — wakanjiraso mu chipani ichi. 

#### Kusankhika kwa Kabineti ya uShado

Ŵanthu awo Starmer wakasankha mu Shadow Cabinet ŵakaŵa ŵa MP ŵakufuma ku chigaŵa cha ku mazere cha chipani chake pamoza na ŵakufuma ku chigaŵa cha ku mazere. Angela Rayner wakasankhika kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa mulongozgi wa ŵanchito na wachiŵiri kwa nduna yikuru ya mthunzi , apo Rachel Reeves na Yvette Cooper ŵakasankhika kuŵa mthunzi chancellor na mthunzi mulembi wa nyumba , mwakuyana. Mulongozgi wakale wa Labour Ed Miliband wakasankhika kuŵa mulembi wa nkhongono na nyengo . Ŵanyake awo ŵakasankhika ŵakaŵa David Lammy kuŵa mulembi wa vyaru vinyake na Wes Streeting kuŵa mulembi wa vyaumoyo . Apo wakazgoka nduna yikuru, Starmer wakasankha ŵa MP wose aŵa kuti ŵaŵe na maudindo gha boma. 

#### Vyakusangikamo vya chisankho

Starmer wakaghanaghana vya kuleka ntchito iyi pamanyuma pakuti chipani ichi chikaŵa na vyakuchitika vyakupambanapambana mu visankho vya mu 2021, visankho vyakwamba vya mu chigaŵa cha ulongozgi wake, kweni pamanyuma wakawona kuti "wakukhozgeka" na ivyo wakasankha kuti walutilire, wakati "Nkhaghanaghana kuti waleke ntchito chifukwa nkhawona kuti Ndikwenera kuŵa mukuru kuluska chipani ndipo usange ningakwaniska yayi kusintha, panji pakwenera kuŵa kusintha Kweni nadi, paumaliro, nkhaghanaghanirapo, nkhayowoya na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ndipo nkhaŵikapo mtima kaŵiri ndipo nkhaŵikapo mtima kuti, yayi. , ni kusintha kwa chipani cha Labour icho tikukhumba". 

Pa nyengo iyo Starmer wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵakususka, chipani chake chikataya mpando uwo ukaŵapo kale mu chisankho cha Hartlepool cha 2021 , ndipo pamanyuma pake chikaŵa na chisankho cha 2021 cha Batley na Spen , chisankho cha 2022 cha Birmingham Erdington na chisankho cha Chester cha 2021 -chisankho , na phindu kufuma ku Conservatives mu chisankho cha Wakefield cha 2022 . Pa nyengo ya chisankho cha 2023 , Labour yikasanga ŵakhansala ŵakujumpha 500 na makhansala 22, ndipo yikaŵa chipani chikuru chomene mu boma la chigaŵa kwa nyengo yakwamba kufuma mu 2002 .  Labour wakasanga phindu linyake mu visankho vya 2024 vya ku malo , kusazgapo kuwina chisankho cha meya wa West Midlands . 

## Udangi (2024–sono)

### Chisankho cha 2024

Labour wakanjira mu chisankho cha 2024 na kulongozga kukuru pa Conservatives mu mafumbo gha maghanoghano , ndipo msinkhu uwo ungaŵapo wa kuthereska kwa chipani ichi ukaŵa nkhani yakudumbiskana pa nyengo ya kampeni.  Mu Juni 2024, Starmer wakafumiska manifesto ya Labour Party *Change* , iyo yikulongosora chomene vya kukura kwa chuma, kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya kupanga ndondomeko, vyakumangamanga, ivyo Starmer wakulongosora kuti ni "nkhongono zakutowa", chisamaliro cha umoyo, masambiro, chisamaliro cha ŵana, na kukhozga wanangwa wa ŵantchito . .  Ikulayizga kampani yiphya ya nkhongono ya boma ( Great British Energy ), "Nthowa ya Kutukuka Kwakubiriŵira", kuchepeska nyengo yakulindilira ya ŵalwari mu NHS, na kuŵikaso boma pa msewu wa sitima ( Great British Railways ).  Ikusazgapo kupanga chuma na ndondomeko za "kukhozgera bizinesi na ŵantchito".  Manifesto iyi yikalayizgaso kuti yipelekenge mavoti ku ŵana ŵa vyaka 16, kusintha Nyumba ya Mafumu , na kukhozgera masukulu gha paŵekha, ndipo ndalama izo zikupangika zizamuluta ku kunozga masambiro gha boma. 

Mu Julayi 2024, Starmer wakalongozga Labour kuti yiwine chomene pa chisankho cha boma, ndipo wakamalizga vyaka khumi na vinayi vya boma la Conservative ndipo Labor yikaŵa chipani chikuru chomene mu Nyumba ya Malango.  Labor yikakwaniska kusanga mipando 174 ndipo yikaŵa na mipando yose pamoza 411,  chipani ichi chikaŵa chachitatu pa nkhani ya kugaŵa mipando panyuma pa chisankho cha 1997 na 2001 . Chipani ichi chikaŵa chikuru chomene ku England kwa nyengo yakwamba kufuma mu 2005, ku Scotland kwa nyengo yakwamba kufuma mu 2010 , ndipo chikalutilira kuŵa chipani chikuru chomene ku Wales . 

Mukuyowoya kwake kwa kuthereska, Starmer wakawonga ŵanchito ŵa chipani chifukwa cha mulimo wawo wakulimbikira – kusazgapo pafupifupi vyaka vinkhondi vya kusintha na kusintha zina la Labor apo Conservative yikuwusa – ndipo wakaŵachiska kuti ŵakondwe na nyengo iyi, kweni wakaŵachenjezga za masuzgo agho ghali panthazi ndipo wakalayizga kuti boma lake lizamugwira ntchito . chifukwa cha "kusintha kwa charu": 

### Kunjira mu boma

Pakuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani chikuru mu Nyumba ya Malango, Starmer wakasankhika kuŵa nduna yikuru na Charles III pa 5 Julayi 2024, ndipo wakazgoka nduna yikuru yakwamba ya Labor kufuma apo Gordon Brown wakachitira ndiposo wakaŵa wakwamba kuwina chisankho cha boma kufuma apo Tony Blair wakachitikira mu 2005 . .  Iyo na muwoli wake ŵakachimbizgika kufuma ku nyumba ya ufumu ya Buckingham kuya ku Downing Street . Starmer wakayimiska galimoto apo wakaweleranga kufuma ku nyumba yaufumu ndipo wakaluta kukayenda kuwaro kwa Downing Street kuti wakakumane na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasekereranga. Mukuyowoya kwake kwakwamba apo wakaŵa nduna yikuru, Starmer wakachindika Sunak, wakati "ivyo wakachita nga ni nduna yikuru yakwamba ya ku Britain ku Asia mu charu chithu vikwenera yayi kuyuyulika na waliyose" ndiposo wakamanya "kujipeleka na kulimbikira uko wakapeleka ku ulongozgi wake . ", kweni wakasazgirapo kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku UK ŵakavotera kuti vinthu visinthe: 

Ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa charu chose kusazgapo Joe Biden na Justin Trudeau , pamoza na ŵalongozgi ŵakale ŵa boma Tony Blair na Gordon Brown, ŵakamukhumbira viwemi Starmer apo wakasankhika kuŵa nduna yikuru.  Chimoza mwa vinthu vyakwamba ivyo wakachita apo wakaŵa nduna yikuru chikaŵa chakuti fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵasange chitetezo yafwa, ndipo mulembi wa vyaru vyakunyumba Yvette Cooper wakamba kuŵika ndondomeko zakwamba zakukhazikiska Border Security Command , kuti ŵalimbane na magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakuguliska vinthu mwambura kuzomerezgeka awo ŵakujumpha mu charu ichi kwambura kuzomerezgeka . Nthowa ya Chingelezi . Starmer wakaluta kukawona vyaru vinayi vya United Kingdom ndipo wakakumana na ŵalongozgi kusazgapo  Swinney , Kate Forbes  Michelle O'Neill na Vaughan Gething .  Wakakumanaso na ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa khumi na ŵaŵiri . 

### Kabineti

Starmer wakasankha ŵanduna ŵake ŵa mu kabineti apo wakasankhika kuŵa nduna yikuru. Boma lake liphya likapangika mu nyengo yose ya 5–7 Julayi, ndipo Kabineti yiphya yikakumana pakwamba pa 6 Julayi  ndipo Nyumba Yamadango yiphya yikachemeka kuti yizakakumane pa 9 Julayi.  Icho chamanyikwa chifukwa cha ŵanakazi awo ŵakuyimira ndyali, kusankha ŵanakazi ku hafu ya Cabinet (kusazgapo Rachel Reeves kuŵa Chancellor wakwamba wa Exchequer mu mdauko wa Britain) na maudindo ghatatu pa maudindo ghankhondi ghapachanya mu boma la Britain, kusazgapo Angela Rayner kuŵa Wachiŵiri kwa Nduna yake . 

Starmer wakasankhaso wasayansi Patrick Vallance kuŵa Nduna ya Sayansi , James Timpson uyo wakalimbikiranga kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakukhora kuŵa Nduna ya Majele, Parole na Kuyezgeka , ndipo nkhwantha ya malango gha pa caru cose Richard Hermer kuŵa Loya Mukuru wa England na Wales .  Boma likusazgapo ŵanduna ŵachoko waka kufuma ku boma la New Labour la Tony Blair na Gordon Brown , kusazgapo Hilary Benn , Yvette Cooper, David Lammy na Ed Miliband mu Kabineti, na Jacqui Smith na Douglas Alexander nga mbanduna ŵachoko. 

### Ndondomeko ya chikaya
Mu charu ichi, Starmer wati wazamuŵika mtima chomene pa kukura kwa chuma, kusintha ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, vyakumangamanga, nkhongono, umoyo, masambiro, kupwelelera ŵana, na kukhozga wanangwa wa ŵanchito, vyose ivi vikalongosoreka mu manifesto ya chisankho cha 2024. Chimoza mwa vinthu vyake vyakwamba apo wakaŵa nduna yikuru chikaŵa kuwuskapo ndondomeko yakususkana ya ku Rwanda , ndipo wakati "yikafwa na kusungika."  Mulembi wa vyaru vya kunyumba Yvette Cooper wakamba kuŵika ndondomeko zakwamba zakukhazikiska Border Security Command , kuti ŵalimbane na magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakuguliska vinthu mwambura kuzomerezgeka awo ŵakovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakujumpha mu nyanja ya Chingelezi kwambura kuzomerezgeka . 

### Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake

Starmer wakaluta ku ungano wa NATO wa 2024 pa ulendo wake wakwamba wa pa charu chose.  Pa ndege ku msonkhano, Starmer wakaŵika "chisulo chakuponyeka" kujipeleka kuti wasazgireko ndalama zakuvikilira ku 2.5% ya GDP , pakulondezgapo "mizu na nthambi" kuwoneseska vyakuvikilira vya UK .  Pa msonkhano uwu, Starmer wakalongora kuti Ukraine yingagwiliskira nchito vyawanangwa vya vigeŵenga vya UK vya Storm Shadow kuti yitimbane na ŵasilikari mukati mwa Russia , pa nyengo iyo Russia yikawukira Ukraine .  Pa ungano na Pulezidenti wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy , Starmer wakapempha kuti paŵe ndondomeko ya "kusintha yayi" ya ŵamembala ŵa Ukraine kuti ŵanjire mu NATO . 

Mu Julayi 2024, Starmer na Pulezidenti wa United States Joe Biden ŵakadumbiskana za kujipeleka kwawo pamoza ku Ubwezi Wapadera na kovwirana kwa Ukraine. Biden nayo wakawonga Starmer chifukwa cha "kuwina kwa gehena".  Starmer walayizga kuti wazamuwovwira Israel pa nkhondo yake yakulimbana na Hamas , kweni wakapemphaso kuti nkhondo yileke mwaluŵiro mu Gaza Strip kufuma pa 20 February 2024, chifukwa pakwamba wakakana kupempha nkhondo.  Mu Julayi 2024, Starmer wakasimikizga Nduna yikuru ya Israel Benjamin Netanyahu kuti UK yilutilirenge "kukolerana kwake kwakuzirwa kuti yilekeske kuwofya kwaheni" na Israel.  Starmer wakalayizga kuti wazamuchita nthowa yakukhora chomene ku China pa nkhani za wanangwa wa ŵanthu na chivikiliro.  Pakulondezgapo pa kuyezga kukoma Donald Trump , Starmer wakalemba pa Twitter kuti "Nkhaza za ndale mu mtundu uliwose zilije malo mu mitundu yithu" ndipo wakakhumbira Donald Trump na mbumba yake viwemi. 

## Maudindo gha ndale

 Mawonekero gha filosofe ya ndale ya Starmer ghakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakuyowoya nkhani iyi, ŵakuti Starmer walongozga chipani chake kuti chisankhike makora, ŵakuyaniska ivyo wakachita pa nkhani iyi na umo Tony Blair wakapangira New Labour . Ŵanyake ŵakuwona kuti kusintha kwake kwa ndondomeko ni ukaboni wakuti walije vinjeru vyakumanyikwa makora nanga nkhumoza.  Gulu lachitatu likughanaghana kuti Starmer wakuzomerezga nadi fundo yakusimikizgika ndipo kuti yili ku chigaŵa cha ku mazere cha spectrum ya socialist, kuyowoya kuti "Labour pasi pa Starmer yalongozga ndale zakususkana na neoliberalism nga ni iyo . ya Jeremy Corbyn na John McDonnell ", ndipo kuti Starmer "wakupambana chomene na New Labour" mu "kukhumba kusintha chiyelezgero cha chuma icho chikuwoneka kuti chatondeka ".  Nangauli palije kukolerana kulikose pa mtundu ndiposo nanga nkhuŵapo kwa fundo ya Starmer, yasanga neologism, Starmerism, ndipo awo ŵakumulondezga ŵali kuchemeka Starmerites.  Mu Juni 2023, Starmer wakapeleka kufumbana na *Time* apo wakafumbika kuti walongosore ivyo ism yake yakumanyikwa yikung’anamura: 

Mu Epulero 2023, Starmer wakadumbiskana na nyuzipepara ya *The Economist* pa umo wakulongosolera Starmerism.  Mu kufumba uku, vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru vya Starmerism vikamanyikwa.  Nthowa yakwamba yikaŵika mtima pa kususka boma la Britain chifukwa chakuti likaŵa lambura kugwira ntchito chomene ndiposo likaŵa lakugaŵikana chomene. Zgoro la kususka uku likaŵa lakuti boma likhazikike pa milimo yikuruyikuru yinkhondi iyo yikwenera kulondezgeka pa nyengo ziŵiri za boma; mishoni iyi ndiyo yizamusankha ndondomeko zose za boma. Chigaŵa chachiŵiri chikaŵa kulondezga ndondomeko ya vyachuma ya " modern supply-side economics " iyo yikukhazikika pa kukuzga vyakupangapanga vya vyachuma mwa kusazgirako kunjilirapo pa msika wa ntchito , kuchepeska vyakuchitika vya Brexit na kupangiska ndondomeko ya kuzenga yipusu .  Pambere chisankho cha 2024 chindachitike, Starmer wakaphalira BBC kuti: "Ningajilongosora kuti ndine wa socialist. Ndingajilongosora kuti ndine wakupambana . Ndingajilongosora kuti ndine munthu uyo ​​nyengo zose wakuŵika charu pakwamba na chipani wachiwiri."Starmer wayowoya mwakuwerezgawerezga kusintha kwa mabungwe gha boma (kususkana na nthowa ya misonkho na kugwiliskira nchito ndalama ), localism , na kugaŵira mazaza . Walayizga kuti wazamuwuskapo Nyumba ya Mafumu , iyo wakayowoya kuti "yingavikilirika yayi", mu nyengo yakwamba ya boma la Labour na kuŵika msonkhano uwu na Assembly of the Regions and Nations iyo yikusankhika mwaluŵiro, iyo vimanyikwiro vyake vizamuŵa pasi pa . kufumba ŵanthu. Wakasuska ŵa Conservatives chifukwa cha kupeleka peerages ku "ŵanyawo na ŵakupeleka".  Starmer wakapeleka mulimo wa Gordon Brown kuti wazomerezge kusintha kwa malango gha boma la Britain .  Lipoti ili likalembeka mu 2022 ndipo likazomerezgeka na kukhozgeka na Starmer, ndipo likakhozgera kuti Nyumba ya Mafumu yifumepo, kupeleka mazaza ghakuru ku makhonsolo gha mu chigaŵa na ŵameya, na kupeleka mazaza ghakukwana ku vyaru vya United Kingdom .  Manifesto ya chisankho cha Labour cha 2024 yikazomerezga yayi kuti Nyumba ya Mafumu yifumiskikepo, m'malo mwake yikazomerezga waka kuti ŵanyawo awo ŵali kukhalira ŵafumemo mu chipinda, kuŵika vyaka vyakukhumbikwa vyakupumura vya 80, na kwamba kudumbiskana kuti ŵanjire mu malo gha Lords na " ŵayimiliri ŵanandi" thupi.  Starmer wakutemwa chomene ndondomeko zakubiriŵira kuti zilimbane na kusintha kwa nyengo na kuwuskapo carbon mu chuma cha Britain. Wajipeleka kuti wazamuwuskapo mafuta ghakupangika na vyakumera kufuma ku magesi gha ku UK pambere 2030 wandafike. 
 

Mu Julayi 2024 mazgu ku *PinkNews* pambere chisankho cha 2024 chindachitike, Starmer wakati chipani chake chikukhozgera wanangwa wa LGBT + , kusazgapo kulimbikiska chivikiliro ku milandu ya kutinkhana iyo yikukhwaska ŵanthu ŵa mu gulu la LGBT , "kusintha" "kunjilirapo na kumara" ndondomeko ya kumanyikwa kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi, , "kusintha kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi" kukanizga pa kutembenuka kwa mankhwala .  Mu mwezi wenewuwu Starmer wakazgora fumbo la JK Rowling lakufumba usange ŵanakazi awo ŵakusintha ŵanalume na ŵanakazi awo ŵali na chikalata chakuti ŵali na wanangwa wa kugwiliskira ntchito malo gha ŵanakazi pera, ndipo Starmer wakazgora kuti, "Yayi. Iwo ŵakwenera yayi".  Starmer wakakana kuzomerezga ŵanthu awo ŵakusintha viŵaro vyawo kuti ŵajimanyiske, ndipo wakayowoyaso kuti walutilirenge kuŵika chigaŵa pa dango la kusintha kwa kumanyikwa kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ku Scotland . 

Pamanyuma pa kukoma Sarah Everard mu Malichi 2021, Starmer wakapempha kuti ŵamujalire nyengo yitali chifukwa cha kugonana na nkhaza zakugonana.  Starmer wakati wakukhumba kuti milandu yichepeskeke, ndipo wakayowoya kuti "ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakujipulika kuti mbakuvikilirika yayi mu misewu yawo".  Walayizga kuti wazamuchepeskako hafu ya nkhaza za ŵanakazi na ŵasungwana, kuchepeskako hafu ya milandu yikuru ya nkhaza, kuchepeskako hafu ya vyakuchitika vya milandu ya mpeni, kusazgirako chigomezgo mu ndondomeko ya chilango cha milandu, na kupanga ‘Charging Commission’ iyo yiŵenge . "ŵakapika mulimo wa kwiza na kusintha kuti ŵawezgepo kucepa kwa chiŵelengero cha milandu iyo yikumazgika".  Wajipelekaso kuŵika ŵanchito ŵaluso ŵa nkhaza za pa nyumba mu vipinda vyakulongozgera vya ŵapolisi ŵaliwose awo ŵakuzgora mafoni gha 999 kuti ŵawovwire awo ŵakuchitirika nkhaza.  Starmer wakati nyengo ya Blair ya New Labor yikaŵa yiwemi kuti yiŵe " yakukhora pa milandu, yakukhora pa vifukwa vya milandu ".  Mu Juni 2024, Starmer wakalayizga kuti wazamuchepeska chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakwiza ku UK ,  ndipo wakukhumba kuchepeska chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakwiza ku UK mwa kusambizga na maluso gha ŵanchito ŵa ku Britain. 

Mu Disembala 2023, Starmer wakalumba Margaret Thatcher chifukwa chakuti "wakakhumba kukoka Britain kufuma mu mzimu wake",  wakati Thatcher "wakafwatura bizinesi yithu yachilengiwa" pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru, ndipo wakagwiliskira ntchito Thatcher, nayo nga ni Blair na Clement Attlee , nga ni viyelezgero vya umo ŵandyali ŵangasinthira "kusintha kwakuzirwa" mwa kuchita "mu uteŵeti wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain, m'malo mwa kuŵaphalira".  Starmer wakalongosora chipani cha Labour kuti "chikutemwa chomene charu chake" ndipo wakuwonga ŵalongozgi ŵake awo ŵakuchita makora chomene, Attlee, Harold Wilson , na Blair, chifukwa cha ndondomeko "izo zikukhazikika mu nkharo za zuŵa na zuŵa za ŵanthu awo ŵakugwira ntchito".  Starmer wakukhozgera boma ilo likukhazikika pa "chivikiliro, usambazi na ntchindi". Mu nkhani iyo wakayowoya mu Meyi 2023, Starmer wakati:

## Umoyo wakunyumba

Starmer wakakumana na Victoria Alexander , uyo pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa loya, mu vilimika vya m’ma 2000 apo wakaŵa loya mulara na Doughty Street Chambers ndipo ŵakagwiranga ntchito pa mulandu umoza. Ŵakapangana mu 2004 ndipo ŵakatorana pa 6 Meyi 2007 pa Fennes Estate ku Essex .  Ŵanthu ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵali na ŵana ŵaŵiri, mwana wa mwanalume, uyo wakababika chaka chimoza kufuma apo ŵakatorana, na mwana mwanakazi, uyo wakababika vyaka viŵiri kufuma apo ŵakatorana. Wose ŵaŵiri ŵakuŵatolera mu chiharo cha Ŵayuda cha anyinawo.  Mpaka apo ŵakasamira ku Downing Street, banja ili likakhalanga mu tawuni ya Kentish , kumpoto kwa London. 

Starmer wakurya cha nyama zinandi, ndipo muwoli wake wakurya yayi nyama yiliyose. Ŵakalera ŵana ŵawo kuti ŵaleke kurya nyama m’paka apo ŵakaŵa na vilimika 10, ndipo pa nyengo iyi ŵakaŵapa mwaŵi wakuti ŵaryenge nyama.  Pakufumba pa nyengo ya kampeni ya chisankho cha 2024, Starmer wakati wofi wake ukuru pakuŵa nduna yikuru ni umo vingakhwaskira ŵana ŵake, chifukwa cha "msinkhu wawo wakusuzga" na umo vingaŵira vipusu usange ŵangaŵa ŵachoko . panji ŵalara.  Pambere chisankho cha 2024 chindachitike, Starmer wakati pa nyengo iyo wakafumbananga nayo kuti wazamuyezgayezga kuleka kugwira ntchito para nyengo ya 6 koloko yajumpha pa Chisulo kuti waŵe na chakurya cha Shabbat na kuchezga na mbumba yake. 

Starmer ni mukana-Chiuta; wakusankha kurapa Chirapo cha "kupanikizga mwaunenesko wose" (m'malo mwa kulumbira mwa Chiura).  Wayowoya kuti nangauli wakugomezga yayi kuti kuli Chiuta, kweni wakumanya nkhongono ya chipulikano kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe pamoza.  Wakulutaso na mbumba yake ku maungano ku Sinagoge la Ŵayuda la Liberal ku London.  . Starmer ni munthu wakutemwa chomene kuseŵera mpira, chifukwa wakaseŵerangapo mu timu ya Homerton Academicals, iyo yikaŵa kumpoto kwa London.  Wakukhozgera gulu la Arsenal la Premier League . 

Starmer wakalemba nkhani zichoko waka mu nyuzipepara ya *The Guardian* na mu nyuzipepara zinyake kusazgapo nyuzipepara *ya Sunday Telegraph* .  Kufuma mu 1986 mpaka 1987, Starmer wakateŵetera nga ni mkonzi wa *magazini ya Socialist* , magazini ya Trotskyist . Magazini iyi yikalembeka na wupu uwo ukaŵa na zina limoza, uwo ukayimiliranga cigaŵa ca Britain ca gulu la Marxist Tendency (IRMT).

## Mphoto na ntchindi

Mu 2002 Starmer wakatora silika wakusankhika kuŵa Mulongozgi wa Fumukazi ( *sono* KC).  Wakapokera mphoto ya Sydney Elland Goldsmith ya Bar Council mu 2005 chifukwa cha ntchito yake yikuru pa ntchito *ya pro bono* pakususka chilango cha nyifwa ku Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, na Caribbean.  Wakasankhika kuŵa mnyake wakuchindikika wa St Edmund Hall, Oxford mu 2022. 

Pakuti "utumiki wake wakuzirwa ku malango na chilungamo cha milandu", Starmer wakasankhika kuŵa Mulongozgi wa Knight wa Order of the Bath (KCB) mu 2014 Chaka Chiphya Honors ,  kupanga Starmer "Bwana".  Nga ni chimanyikwiro cha ntchindi ku ŵasilikari ŵakale, wangavwara vyakukongozga vya mu singo la Bath pa nyengo nga ni Sabata la Kukumbukira na nyenyezi ya pa chifuŵa pa nyengo ya chakurya cha mise para wakupokelera ŵalongozgi ŵa ku vyaru vinyake .

Starmer wakalumbira ku Khoti la United Kingdom pa 19 Julayi 2017,  kumupa wanangwa wakuti waŵe na zina lakuti " Munthu Wakuchindikika Wakwenelera ". 

## Vipharazgo vya kulembeka

Starmer ndiyo wakalemba na kulemba mabuku ghanandi ghakukhwaskana na malango gha vigeŵenga na wanangwa wa ŵanthu, kusazgapo: 

* *Chilungamo mu Kubudika* (1993), wakalembeka na Clive Walker, London: Blackstone,  .
* *Nsanja Zitatu za Ufulu: Ufulu wa Ndale na Ufulu mu United Kingdom* (1996), na Francesca Klug na Stuart Weir, London: Routledge,  . 
* *Kulembeska kuti ŵaŵe na wanangwa wa ŵanthu: Boma la United Kingdom na Vigaŵa vya pa Charu Chose* (1998), na Conor Foley, London: Kugowokera Ŵanthu pa Charu Chose,  . 
* *Kuŵavya Chilungamo: Kuwoneseska Chilungamo mu Kubudika* (1999), wakalembeka na Clive Walker, London: Blackstone,  . 
* *Dango Lakukhwaskana na Ufulu wa Ŵanthu la ku Europe: Dango la Ufulu wa Ŵanthu la 1998 na Mgwirizano wa Ufulu wa Ŵanthu ku Europe* (1999), London: Gulu Lakukhwaskana na Malango,  . 
* *Chilungamo cha Milandu, Nkhongono za Ŵapolisi na Ufulu wa Ŵanthu* (2001), na Anthony Jennings, Tim Owen, Michelle Strange, na Quincy Whitaker, London: Blackstone,  . 
* *Buku la Blackstone la Ufulu wa Ŵanthu* (2001), na Iain Byrne, London: Blackstone,  . 
* *Lipoti la Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Ardoyne 12 Julayi 2004* (2004), na Jane Gordon, Belfast: Bodi ya Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Northern Ireland.

*

## Wonaniso
** Mbiri ya chisankho cha Keir Starmer

## Notes

## Vyakubekela

## Vyakuŵazga
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## External links

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