Hesham Qandil

**Hesham Mohamed Qandil** (also spelled: *Hisham Kandil*;  &nbsp;; born 17 September 1962) ni munjiniya wa ku Egypt ndipo ni wantchito wa boma uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Egypt kufuma 2012 mpaka 2013. Qandil adasankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister ndi Purezidenti Mohamed Morsi pa 24 Julayi 2012 ndipo adalumbira pa 2 Ogasiti 2012. Qandil adagwiranso ntchito ngati Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2012.

Reuters yikalemba kuti Qandil wakaŵa wantchito wa boma mu boma la Morsi, kweni ŵanthu ŵakamuwonanga kuti wangaŵa yayi nduna yikuru. Qandil wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Egypt kufuma apo Gamal Abdel Nasser wakimikikira mu 1954. Apo Mursi wakathereskeka na ŵasilikari, Qandil wakalutilira kuŵa nduna yikuru mpaka apo boma liphya likapangikira, ndipo pa 8 Julayi 2013 wakafumapo pa udindo wake kuti wakane ivyo ŵasilikari ŵakachita pakukoma ŵanthu 61 awo ŵakakhomanga ŵanthu pa ofesi ya ŵasilikari ŵa Republican Guard. Wakakakika pa 24 Disembala 2013 ndipo wakafwatulika myezi 7 pamanyuma pa 15 Julayi 2014 pamanyuma pakuti Khoti la Cassation lamulengere mulandu, ndipo likapokelera apilu wake na kulekeska mulandu wa chaka chimoza.

## Umoyo na masambiro
Qandil wakababika mu 1962. Iyo wali na digiri ya bachelor mu engineering, iyo wakapokera ku Cairo University mu 1984. Mu 1988 wakasanga digiri ya masters pa masambiro gha ulimi wa maji ku Utah State University ndipo mu 1993 wakasanga digiri ya PhD pa masambiro gha sayansi ya vyamoyo na ulimi.

## Ntchito
Wati wamalizga masambiro ghake, mu 1985, Qandil wakamba kugwira nchito mu boma la Egypt. Mu 1995, wakapika mphotho ya pulezidenti chifukwa cha kovwira pa ulimi wa maji, ndipo kufuma mu 1999 m'paka mu 2005, wakaŵa mulara wa ofesi ya nduna ya vya maji. Wakagwira nawo nchito ya Nile Basin Initiative, wakaŵa muteŵeti wakuwona vya maji wa Joint Egyptian-Sudanese Water Authority, ndipo wakawovwirapo pakukhazikiska African Water Council. Wakaŵaso Mulara wa Vyakusangirapo Maji ku African Development Bank, nchito iyo wakagwira kwa vilimika vinkhondi na cimoza, kufuma mu 2004 mpaka kukwambilira kwa 2011. Wakati wawelera ku Eguputo, wakawovwira kuzenga caru ici. Mu 2011, wakasankhika kuŵa nduna ya vya maji na ulimi wa maji mu boma la Essam Sharaf.

## Nduna yikuru ya Egypt
Pa 24 Julayi 2012, Qandil adasankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister ndi Purezidenti Mohamed Morsi. Ŵapharazgi ŵa ku Arabia, kusazgapo The Majalla, ŵakakondwa comene na ivyo vikacitika. Pa 2 Ogasiti 2012, boma la Egypt likapangika na boma la ma technocrats, na vipani vichoko waka (Freedom and Justice Party, Al-Wasat Party, na Renaissance Party).

### First Qandil Cabinet
Nduna yakwamba ya Qandil yikaŵa na nduna 35, kusazgapo ŵa chipani cha Freedom and Justice Party, Al-Wasat Party, na Renaissance Party.

### Second Qandil Cabinet
Pa 6 January 2013, nduna khumi mu nduna yoyamba ya Qandil anasintha. Mu wupu uwu muli maofesi gha nduna ya vya ndalama, maofesi gha chitukuko, maofesi gha vya mayendedwe, maofesi gha malango na maofesi gha maparamende, maofesi gha vya magesi, maofesi gha vya mukati, maofesi gha vya katundu na vya umoyo, maofesi gha vya malo, maofesi gha vyamkuzi na maofesi gha za ndege. Pamanyuma pa kusinthika kwa nduna, chiŵelengero cha nduna izo zikaŵa za chipani cha Freedom and Justice Party chikakwera kufika pa 8 mu boma.

### Cabinet Resignations
Pa 1 July 2013, mamembara ghankhondi gha boma ghakafumapo; Hisham Zazou, nduna ya vya maulendo, Atef Helmi, nduna ya vya mauthenga, Hatem Bagato, nduna ya vya malango, Abdel Qawi Khalifa, nduna ya vya maji, na Khaled Abdel Aal, nduna ya vya malo. Mohamed Kamel Amr, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vyakuwaro, nayo wakaleka nchito. Nduna ya zamasewera, El Amry Farouk, adasiya ntchito pa 2 Julayi 2013.

### Resignation

Pa 3 July 2013, khoti la apilu ku Egypt likakolerana na ivyo khoti ili likadumura kuti Qandil waleke kugwira ntchito yake na kukakika kwa chaka chimoza chifukwa cha kuleka kupulikira ivyo khoti likadumura kuti likhazikiskeso kampani ya Tanta Flax and Oil Company. Pa zuŵa lenelira, ŵasilikari ŵakamuwuskapo Morsi pa udindo wake. Pa 8 July 2013, Prime Minister Qandil adasiya ntchito chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa ochita zionetsero 61 ndi asitikali ku likulu la Republican Guard. Pakwamba wakazomera kuti wakhalengepo pa udindo wake nga ni nduna ya boma mpaka apo boma liphya lizamunozgekera. Mu mwezi wa Seputembala mu chaka cha 2013, khoti la ku Cairo likadumura kuti Qandil wakomeke ndipo wakakakika pa 24 Disembala mu chaka cha 2013. Pa 13 July 2014, khoti la Cassation likapokelera apilu ya Qandil ndipo likawuskapo chilango chakuti wagwire jele kwa chaka chimoza, kumulekeska ntchito na kumupa ndalama zakukwana 2,000 Egyptian pounds ($285). Pamanyuma ŵakamufumiska pa 15 July 2014.

## Umoyo wake
Qandil wali kutengwa ndipo wali na ŵana ŵanakazi ŵankhondi.

## Ukaboni

## Vigaŵa vya kuwalo

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