open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Teton County, Montana

**Teton County** ni nkhalwe (county) cha ku U.S. mu chigaŵa cha Montana. Kuyana na kalembera wa 2020, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 6,226.  Malo gha nkhalwe ichi ni Choteau.  Nkhalwe ichi chikapangika mu 1893. 

## Malo ghakupambanapambana
Kuyana na United States Census Bureau, nkhalwe ichi chili na malo ghakukwana 2,293 square miles (5,940 km2), ndipo 2,272 square miles (5,880 km2) ni malo ghakukhalapo ndipo 20 square miles (52 km2) (0.9%) ni maji. 

### Nkhalwe vyapafupi
* Pondera County, Montana kumpoto
* Chouteau County, Montana kumafumiro gha dazi
* Cascade County, Montana Kumwera cha kumafumiro gha dazi
* Lewis and Clark County, Montana Kumwera                                                         
* Flathead County, Montana kumanjiliro gha dazi

### Malo ghakutetezgeka
* Lewis and Clark National Forest (part)
* Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area (part)

## Ŵanthu

## Ndyali
Kufuma mu 1964, ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa cha Teton ŵakutondeka kusankhapo munthu wa chipani cha Democratic mu maungano gha boma.

## Ukaboni
Alameda County, California

**Alameda County, California** ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county *pachingelezi*) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la California mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la California lina tumisumba 58 mukwati mwake (counties).
Guane I

**Guane I** (panji **Guane 1**)  ndimoza mwama 8 Popular Councils gha chigaŵa cha Guane.
## Uko chili chalo cha Guane I
Ni malo agho ghalikupanga malile cha kumpoto na Los Portales Popular Council. Ku mmwela na Guane II Popular Council & Isabel Rubío Popular Council. Ku mfumilo gha dazi na Molina - El Valle Popular Council.

## Ukaboni
[Guane 1 (Consejo Popular)](https://www.ecured.cu/Guane_1_(Consejo_Popular))
Guane II

**Guane II** (panji **Guane 2**). Baibolo ili ndilo lili na 8 Council Lakumanyikwa ya maboma cha Guane.

## Msumba uwo ukusangika Council Lakumanyikwa
Msumba uwo ukusangika Council Lakumanyikwa:

* Km Dos
* Salsal

## Uko chili chalo cha Guane II
Kamungongonda kagolide msasa ku mpoto Council Lakumanyikwa ya Los Portales. Kamungongonda kagolide msasa ku mmmwela Maboma ya Sandino. Kamungongonda kagolide msasa ku Mafumilo gha dazi Council Lakumanyikwa ya Guane I. Kamungongonda kagolide msasa ku manjililo gha dazi Maboma ya Mantua.

## Ukaboni
[Guane 2 (Guane)](https://www.ecured.cu/Guane_2_(Guane))
Boma la Chiengi

**Boma la Chiengi** ni boma ilo likusangika mu Chigaŵa cha Luapula mu charu cha Zambia. Mu Chigaŵa cha Luapula muli maboma 12.
Boma la Chilanga

**Boma la Chilanga** ni boma ilo likusangika mu Chigaŵa cha Lusaka mu charu cha Zambia.Mu Chigaŵa cha Lusaka muli maboma 7.
Boma la Kanchibiya

**Boma la Kanchibiya** ni boma ilo likusangika mu Chigaŵa cha Muchinga mu charu cha Zambia. Mu Muchinga muli maboma 9.

## Mbiri
Boma ichi chikapatuka ku Boma la Mpika mu chaka cha 2017. 

## Ukaboni
Herradura, Cuba

**Herradura** ndimoza mwama 13 Popular Councils gha chigaŵa cha Consolación del Sur. Usani walo ni ​​2.11 km².

## Uko chili chalo cha Herradura
Ni malo agho ghalikupanga malile cha kumpoto na Entronque de Herradura Popular Council.  Ku mmwela na Alonso Rojas Popular Council. Ku mfumilo gha dazi na El Canal Popular Council.  ndipo ku manjililo gha dazi na Cayo Largo Popular Council.
## Ukaboni
Herradura

[Herradura (Consolación del Sur)](https://www.ecured.cu/Herradura_(Consolaci%C3%B3n_del_Sur))
Boma la Shang'ombo

**Boma la Shang&#39;ombo** ni boma ilo likusangika mu Chigaŵa cha Manjililo gha Dazi mu charu cha Zambia.Mu Chigaŵa cha Manjililo gha Dazi gha Zambia  muli maboma 15. Kuyana na kalembera wa 2010 wa Zambia, chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na ŵanthu 84,070. Ntchakuzirwa kumanya kuti chiŵelengero ichi chikusazgikana na chigaŵa cha Sioma icho chikapangika mwakupatura chigaŵa chakwamba. Chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi cha chigaŵa ichi chikulutilira na zina lakuti Shangombo apo chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi chikuchemeka Sioma District. 

## Malo
Chigawochi chili ndi malire ndi boma la Sioma kumwera, Boma la Kalabo kumpoto, Boma la Senanga kum'mawa (zigawo zonse za Zambia) komanso malire apadziko lonse ndi Angola kumadzulo. Chigaŵa ichi chili pakati pa milonga yikuruyikuru yiŵiri, mlonga wa Zambezi na Cuando.

Vyaru vyapafupi na Angola na Namibia vili na malo ghakusungirako vyamoyo. Vinyama vyamuthengere mu malo agha, Sioma Ngwezi, vikukhala makora nangauli ŵanthu ŵakuviparanya. Para nkhondo ya Angola yamara, ŵanthu ŵakamba kwenda mu mapopa na kuloŵa somba.

## Chuma
Vinthu vikuru ivyo vikuchitika mu charu ichi ni vyakurya, somba, kuliska ng'ombe na vyamalonda. Vyose ivi vikuchitika mwakuyana na umo munthu wakukhumbira.

## Mbiri
Pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya ku Angola, malo agha ghakaŵa ghambura kukhazikika chifukwa cha malonda gha vilwero ndipo nyengo zinyake nkhondo yikathandazgikiranga ku Zambia uko ŵanthu ŵakakomekanga na ŵasilikari. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Angola ŵakaŵikika mu misasa ya UNHCR mu chigaŵa ichi, yikuru chomene yikaŵa Nangweshi Camp kufupi na Zambezi iyo yikapangika mu 2000 kwa ŵanthu 15,000.  Misewu ya mu cigaŵa ici yingaŵa yakusuzga kwenda mu nyengo ya vula ndipo galimoto zinganjira mu mchenga mu nyengo ya chilangalanga. Ku Mongu, likulu la chigaŵa ichi kuli Kalongola Ferry iyo yikwenda pa Zambezi kumwera kwa Senanga, ndipo msewu wa Senanga-Mongu, nangauli ukaŵa wakwenda makora yayi, kweni ukaŵa mu malo ghaheni chomene, chifukwa cha magalimoto ghaheni agho ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito pakwendeska mapulogiramu gha UNHCR. Msewu wa Senanga-Katima Mulilo-Sesheke nawo ngwakusuzga nyengo zinyake. Misewu yinyake yikuluta kumpoto ku Kalabo, mumphepete mwa mlonga wa Cuando na ku Sioma Ngwezi National Park. 

Mu 2003 kuti wawovwire kupeleka vyakurya ku misasa ya Nangweshi kufuma ku Mongu, Luciano Pavarotti wakapeleka kwizira mu UNHCR boti liphya ku Kalongola kufuma ku ndalama izo wakasanganga ku ma concert ghake ghachitemwa, zina lake 'Fernando Pavarotti' pakulumba awiske. 

## Ukaboni
Ripabuliki ya Chile

**República de Chile**  ni zina ilo likapika kwa Council Lakumanyikwa & msumba ya maboma cha Viñales, mu chigaŵa cha Pinar Del Río, en el extremo occidental de Cuba. 

Republica de Chile ndimoza mwama 7 Popular Councils gha chigaŵa cha Viñales.

## Ukaboni
Viñales
Lango la De Wahl

**Lango la De Wahl** ni lango lakalembelo ka mazgo lakumbeka na Baltic German msilikali na Edgar de Wahl ilo ndakuvwila pakupanga chiiyowoyelo cha Interlingue, ichoso wakayata yekha.Lango ili likavwila kupanga mazgo ghanandi gha chiyowoyelo nagti ni mazgo nga ni mazgo ghakuchita ntchito. Edgar de Wahlwakaonaso za umo mazgo ghakusinthila ka kayowoyekelo (d to s, r to t, etc). Lango ili likapangika kuti chiyowoyelo chikhale chakukolelanako.
Samdrup Jongkhar

**Samdrup Jongkhar** ndimoza mwa maboma 20 ghakusangika mu charu cha Bhutan, Asia.Charu cha Bhutan chili  ku Mafumilo gha dazi gha Himalayas, icho chilikhala  Kummwela kwa chilwa cha Asia pakati pa  China na India. maboma ichi chili na malo ghakukwana makilomita 1878.  Samdrup dzongkhag yili na ma dungkhagi ghaŵiri: Jhomotsangkha na Samdrupchhoeling, na ma gewog 11.

## Kugawikana kwa boma
Chigaŵa cha Samdrup Jongkhar chili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa khumi na cimoza (kwimira gewogs):
*Dewathang Gewog
*Gomdar Gewog
*Langchenphu Gewog
*Lauri Gewog
*Martshala Gewog
*Orong Gewog
*Pemathang Gewog
*Phuntshothang Gewog
*Samrang Gewog
*Serthi Gewog
*Wangphu Gewog

## Vigaŵa vyakutozgeka
Mu Samdrup Jongkhar muli malo ghakuvikilirika. Kumwera kwa chigaŵa cha Samdrup Jongkhar (kwene kukaŵa vigaŵa vya Langchenphu, Pemathang, Samrang na Serthi) kuli malo ghakusungirako vyamoyo gha Khaling, agho ghakukolerana na malo ghakusungirako vyamoyo gha Sakteng kumpoto (chigaŵa cha Trashigang) na Royal Manas National Park kumanjiliro gha dazi (vigaŵa vinandi). Chigaŵa chichoko waka cha kumpoto kwa Lauri Gewog chili mu malo ghakuvikilirako vinyama gha Sakteng. 

## Ukaboni
Al Butnan

**Al Butnan** ndimoza mwa maboma ghakusangika mu charu cha Libya. Charu cha Libya chilikhla mu chigaŵa cha Maghreb ku Mpoto kwa chilwa cha Afilika. Chilipanga malile na Nyanja ya Mediterranean ku mpoto, Egypt kumafumilo gha dazi, Sudan kummwela cha kumafumilo gha dazi, Chad ku mmwela, Niger ku mpoto chakumanjililo gha dazi, Algeria ku manjililo gha dazi, na Tunisia ku mpoto kwa manjililo gha dazi.
Kailahun District

**Kailahun District** ni boma lakusangika mu charu cha Sierra Leone.Charu cha Sierra Leone chili kummwela kwa manjililo gha dazi gha Kumanjililo gha Dazi gha chilwa cha Afilika.
Buku la Vinjeru la Valencià

**Buku la Vinjeru la Valencià** ni nkhokwe ya ulele ya vyakulemba ya mu Valencia iyo ikapangika pa Disembala 2, 2007. Pa Okutobala 2, 2022 yikaŵa na vyakulemba vyakukwana 25,443. L'Enciclopèdia, ni "nkhokwe yekha iyo ikugwiliska malango gha Valencia", gha Normes d'El Puig gha Royal Academy ya Valencian Culture kufuma mu 1979 kweneso "kweneso yekha yakulembeka mu Valencian kufuma mu Chikaya cha Valencian kuluta ku mtundu wa Valencian". Ntchito ya L'Enciclopèdia nkhulemba vinthu vya ulele mu Valencian kweneso kuphakazga chitundu cha Valencian na mwambo wake pa makina gha intaneti.
Calhoun County, Texas

**Calhoun County** ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji *state* ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Armstrong County

**Armstrong County** ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Allen County, Kentucky

**Allen County, Kentucky** ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Chivenda

**Chivenda** () ntchiyowoyelo cha charu cha South Africa. Chivenda ntchimoza mwa viyowoyelo 11 vya boma vya charu cha South Africa. Chivenda chikuyowoyeka mu chigaŵa cha Limpopo na mu charu cha Zimbabwe.

## Chivenda mu South Africa na viyowoyelo vinyake
Mu chaka cha 2011 chiŵelengelo cha viyowoyelo chikaŵa ntheula:
ChiNdeŵele

**Chindeŵele** (Mu Chindeŵele: ) ntchiyowoyelo cha South Africa. Chindeŵele ntchmoza mwa viyowoyelo 11 vya boma mu charu cha South Africa. Chindeŵele chikuyowoyeka mu chigaŵa cha Limpopo, Mpumalanga na Gauteng.

## Chindeŵele mu South Africa na viyowoyelo vinyake
Mu chaka cha 2011 chiŵelengelo cha viyowoyelo chikaŵa ntheula:
Chiswati

**Chiswati** (Mu Chiswati: ) ntchiyowoyelo cha charu cha South Africa. Chiswati ntchimoza mwa viyowoyelo 11 vya boma mu charu cha South Africa. Chiswati chikuyowoyekaso mu vyaru ngati ni Mozambique na Lesotho.

## Chiswati mu South Africa na viyowoyelo vinyake
Mu chaka cha 2011 chiŵelengelo cha viyowoyelo chikaŵa ntheula:
ChiZulu

**ChiZulu** (Mu ChiZulu: ) ntchiyowoyelo icho chikuyowoyeka mu charu cha South Africa na vyaru vinyake vyamukati mwake mu chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.ChiZulu chikuyowoyeka chomene mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu-Natal.

Chizulu chikuyowoyekaso mu vyaru vya kuwalo kwa South Africa ngati ni  Zimbabwe na Mozambique.

## Chizulu mu South Africa
Mu chaka cha 2011 chiŵelengelo chikaŵa ntheula:
Makhoti gha Malaŵi

**Makhoti gha Malaŵi**  ntchigaŵa cha unduna cha Boma la Malaŵi icho chikung'anamula na kukhozga malango gha charu cha Malaŵi kuti kuti ghaŵe ghakuyana ku waliyose kwambula kusankha  mtundu panji nkhope kweneso kuweluzga milandu. Mdauko wa malango gha charu cha Malaŵi ukukolelanako na Malango Ghachizungu aghoaho ghakasinthika kufuma mu 1969.  Malango gha charu cha Malaŵi ghakulongosola vya ma khoti gha Malaŵi ngati ni mndandanda wa makhoti, ndipo khoti likulu chomene kuŵa Khoti la Makhoti Likulu (Supreme Court of Appeal), pamoza na  High Court  na makhoti ghanyake gha  magistrates. Khoti la charu cha Malaŵi likakhozgela vyakuvota vya 2019 nakulongola apo vinthu vindayende makola Khoti likulu la Makhoti likuyeluzga milandu iyo makhoti ghachoko ghatondeka kuyeluzga. Ŵayeluzgi milandu ŵakukwana 5 ŵa khoti likulu la Malaŵi awo ŵakayeluzga vyakulondezga vya  2019 ŵakasankhika na bwana mukulu waku UK zina lake Chatham House pa mphoto ya 2020 Chatham House Prize. Ŵayeluzgi mlandu aŵa ŵakaluta kukapoka mphoto zawo izo ŵakaphaska.

## [[Khoti Likulu la Makhoti]] (Supreme Court of Appeal)

Khoti Likulu la Makhoti likuyeluzga milandu iyo yafuma ku makhoti ngati ni High Court  na makhoti ghanyake gha pasi kutolela na dango la Act of Parliament. Khoti ili lina  Chief Justice na ma  Justices of Appeal. A sitting of the Supreme Court was presided by 3 Justices of Appeal which would at times include the Chief Justice except in Constitutional matters where five Justices of Appeal had to preside. Kufuma 2018,  Chief Justice wakapanga malango gha  Practice Direction ghakupempha Chief Justice kuti wakhala na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuyana na udindo wake ŵakuyana 6 pakuyeluzga mulandu uliwose

## Khoti Likulu (High Court)

## Ukaboni
Mbili ya ŵina Mpoto ku Malaŵi

## Mbili ya ŵina Mpoto ku Malaŵi

### Mudauko wa ŵaTumbuka

Bena Luhanga, Mkandawire na ba mitundu yinyakhe ndibo bene chalo cha Nkhamanga. Bina Gondwe mbalendo ku Nkhamanga, bakafumira ku Tanzania.

### Mudauko wa ŵa Ngoni

Fuko la ŵaNgoni likafumila ku mwela kwa Afilika. Banthu aba mbamoza na baZulu ba ku South Africa ndipo bakiza madela gha ku Malaŵi ku mayambiliro gha vyaka vya mu ma 1800. Ba Ngoni aba bakachimbila muwuso wa nkhaza wa fumu yabo ya maZulu, Shaka Zulu. Mukwenda kwabo bakazgolanga bazga banthu abo bakabasanganga mu nthowa ngati mbaKalanga abo bakabatola cha kumpoto kwa chalo cha Botswana na kumanjiliro gha dazi gha chalo cha Zimbabwe.

Mu Malaŵi, baNgoni bakukhala mu maboma gha Mzimba, Mchinji, Dowa na Ntcheu/Dedza. BaNgoni abo bakuyoboya chiNgoni lero mbachoko chomene chifukwa bali kutola viyowoyelo vya banthu awo bakabasanga mumalo yose ayo bakukhala. BaNgoni ba ku Mzimba bakuyoboya chiTumbuka nanga uli mumalo ghanyakhe ngati kwaMpherembe bachali kuyoboya chiNgoni. Chomene-chomene chiwoboyelo chili kusintha chifukwa cha kunjililana kwa zinthengwa pakati pa mitundu yinandi, kusazgirapo pa upusu pakuyowoya kwa viyowoyelo vinyakhe. BaNgoni ba ku Mchinji bakuyowoya chiCheŵa na ChiSenga ndipo ba Ku Ntcheu/Dedza nawo bakuyowoya chiCheŵa.

### Mudauko wa BaTonga

Malo agha ghakulindizga imwe kuti mulembepo!
Malo na vyachilengiwa vya Cuba

Uwu ni mndandanda wa malo na vinyake vyakusangika mu charu cha Cuba.

## Malo na vyachilengiwa vya Cuba

*Wonaniso :* Council Lakumanyikwa (Cuba)
Matika

**Matika** ni mwezi wakwamba wa chaka uwoso pa chingelezi ukuchemeka kuti *January*.Mwezi uwu ukumanyikwa na kuzizila mu vigaŵa vinyake.

## Vimanyikwilo vya mwezi uwu

* Kuzizila
* Kuotcha

### Kwiza kwa zina
Zina lakuti **Matika** likiza chifukwa cha kuyamba kunozgekela kulima na ntchito zinyake.

## Miyezi inyake yamu chaka
Zizima

**Zizima** ni mwezi wa nambala 6 wa chaka uwoso pa chingelezi ukuchemeka kuti* June*.Mwezi uwu ukumanyikwa na vula, mphepo ikulu yakuphuta na kuzizima chomene.

## Vimanyikwilo vya mwezi uwu

* Kuzizima chomene kujumpha miyezi inyake yamu chaka
* Mphepo ikulu yakuzizima
* Vula

### Kwiza kwa zina
Zina lakuti **Zizima** likiza chifukwa cha kuzizima.
## Miyezi inyake yamu chaka
Muswela

**Muswela** ni mwezi wachiŵili wa chaka uwoso pa chingelezi ukuchemeka kuti February.Mwezi uwu ukumanyikwa na kuwakuwa kwa vula yambula kukata luŵilo.

## Vimanyikwilo vya mwezi uwu

* Kuwa kwa vula yambula kukata luŵilo
* Mathyaka gha vula

### Kwiza kwa zina
Zina lakuti **Muswela** likiza chifukwa chakuti mwezi uwu ukusangika mu nyengo ya vula yambula kukata luŵilo.
## Miyezi inyake yamu chaka
Nyakanyaka

**Nyakanyaka** ni mwezi wachitatu wa chaka uwoso pa chingelezi ukuchemeka kuti *March*.Mwezi uwu ukumanyikwa na kupitilila kuwa kwa vula ya muswela kufuma ku mwezi wa Muswela.

## Vimanyikwilo vya mwezi uwu

* Vula
* Mathyaka

### Kwiza kwa zina
Zina lakuti **Nyakanyaka** likiza chifukwa cha kupitilila kuwa kwa vula.
## Miyezi inyake yamu chaka
Alberton, Gauteng

**Alberton, Gauteng** ni malo panji komboni yakusangika mu chigaŵa cha Ekurhuleni mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, mu charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa cha Afilika.
Beverley

**Beverley** ni  ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa A), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Constantia Kloof

**Constantia Kloof** ni muzi wa Roodepoort mu Gauteng, South Africa. Mzinda uwu uli pafupi na malo gha Strubens Valley, Weltevreden Park, Helderkruin, na Allen's Nek, ndipo ukuwoneka kuti ni malo ghakutowa chomene ku Western Johannesburg. Malo ghanyake agho ghakutowa chomene pa msumba wa Johannesburg ghakusangika mu nyumba za Constantia Kloof. Malo agha ghakatchuka comene kwambira waka apo Clearwater Mall yikajulikira.

## Ukaboni
Miss Grand International

**Miss Grand International** (MGI) ni mpikisano wakusankha awo mbakutowa ku Thailand. Mpikiksano uwu ukuchitika chaka chilichose kuyambila mu 2013. *[[Nawat Itsaragrisil]]* wakaŵa mwenecho wa Miss Grand International pageant.

## Ŵakuphaska
}
|
|Caracas, Venezuela
|
|-
|2020
|Abena Appiah
|
|Bangkok, Thailand
|
|-
|2021
|Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên
| 
|Bangkok, Thailand
|
|-
|2022
|Isabella Menin
| 
|Jakarta, Indonesia
|
|-
|2023
|Luciana Fuster
| 
|Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
|
|-
|2024
|Rachel Gupta
| 
|Bangkok, Thailand
|
|}

### Vithuzi

File:Rachel Gupta MGI24.png|**Miss Grand International 2024**Rachel Gupta
File:Luciana Fuster 2023.png|**Miss Grand International 2023**Luciana Fuster
File:Isabella Menin.png|**Miss Grand International 2022**Isabella Menin
File:Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên 2021.png|**Miss Grand International 2021**Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên
File:Abena Akuaba Appiah.png|**Miss Grand International 2020**Abena Appiah
File:Valentina Figuera Morales.png|**Miss Grand International 2019**Valentina Figuera
File:Clara Sosa on FarangDay.jpg|**Miss Grand International 2018**Clara Sosa
File:Miss Grand International 2017 visited Embassy of Peru in Bangkok 01 (cropped).jpg|**Miss Grand International 2017**María José Lora
File:Ariska Putri Pertiwi in Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of The Republic of Indonesia Press Conference (1) (cropped).jpg|**Miss Grand International 2016**Ariska Putri Pertiwi
File:Claire Parker.png|**Miss Grand International 2015** Claire Elizabeth Parker
File:Daryanne Lees.png|**Miss Grand International 2014** Lees Garcia
File:Janelee Chaparro.png|**Miss Grand International 2013** Janelee Chaparro  Puerto Rico


## Woyimilila vyaru vyakuyowoya Chichewa
**Color Key**;

Mozambique ndi Malawi sizitenga nawo mbali pamphikisano. Zimbabwe idalumikizana kawiri mu 2013 ndi 2014. Ndipo 2018 ndiye kope lokhalo lomwe Zambia idatenga nawo gawo.

### Miss Grand Zimbabwe

### Miss Grand Zambia

## Ukaboni wakuwalo

* Official website of Miss Grand International
* FAcebook page of Miss Grand International
* Instagram of Miss Grand International
* Twitter of Miss Grand International
* Youtube channel of Miss Grand International

## Ukaboni
Chipani cha Malaŵi Congress

File:MCP Cockerel.png|Logo ya MCP
File:Flag of the Kenya African Union.svg|Bandiera ya MCP 

**Chipani cha Malaŵi Congress** (**MCP**) ntchipani cha Malaŵi. Chikayamba mu 1959.

## Mdauko
MCP chikayamba mu 1959 ni muhaliri ya Nyasaland African Congress (NAC).

Orton Chirwa wakazgoka purezidenti wakwamba wa MCP ndipo pamanyuma wakatora malo gha Hastings Banda wati wafumiskika ku jele la Gwelo. Banda wakalutilira kuwusa mpaka apo wakafwira mu 1997.

Mu mavoti gha mu chaka cha 1961, chipani cha MCP chikapoka vithuzi vyose mu wupu wakulongozga ndipo pamasinda chikalongozga charu cha Nyasaland kuti chiŵe na wanangwa wa Malawi mu chaka cha 1964. Apo Malaŵi wakazgoka charu mu 1966, chipani cha MCP ndicho chikaŵa na mazaza pa charu chose. Kwa vilimika 27 vyakulondezgapo, boma na MCP vikaŵa cimoza. Ŵanthu wose ŵakeneranga kuŵa ŵa chipani. Nyengo zose ŵakeneranga kuŵa na makadi gha chipani.

Gulu la MCP likathera pa mazaza mu 1993 ndipo likathereskeka pa mavoti ghakwamba mu caru ici. Chikulu chomene mu ndyali za Malawi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku chigaŵa chapakati cha charu ichi.

## Ŵalongozgi Kuyigomezga
MCP ni Anti-Cikomyunizimu, Anti-Wakukoloni, ndipo Conservative chipani.

## Ukaboni
Bawa, Mzimba

**Bawa** ni malo agho ghakusangika kummwela kwa boma la Mzimba, chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Mozy B

**Mozes Banda** (**Mozy B**)  (kubabika 19??- 13 Novembala, 2022) wakaŵa wakwimba wa ChiTumbuka, wakujambula sumo kweneso wakupanga malonda wakufumila mu boma la Mzimba, kumpoto mu charu cha Malaŵi.

### Mafwilo Ghake
Mozy B wakafwila ku Chipata apo wakajambulanga sumo ya vithuzi vakwenda mu charu ca Zambia. 

*Wonaniso:*
* *[[DJ Bongo Zambia|DJ Bongo]]*
* *[[Kondwani Maluza]]*
* *[[Akasher Kopala]]*
DJ Bongo Zambia

**DJ Bongo** (*zina leneko* **Adam Mtonga**) ngwakwimba, wakulizga vilimba na wakujambula sumo wa ChiTumbuka uyo wakufumila mu boma la Lundazi, mu charu cha Zambia.

## Mbili
Mtonga wakababikila mu boma la ___, mu chaka cha 19__. Mtonga na Moses Banda (**Mozy B**) ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵamoza ŵakutukula mtundu wa ŵaTumbuka ku nkhani ya kwimba mu boma la Lundazi, Chasefu na Lumezi.

## ''Wonaniso''

* Mozy B
* Akasha Kopala
* Felistus Nya-Uyu Ngwira
* Young Kanene
* General Kanene
Mopani District Municipality

**'Mopani** ni boma mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo mu charu cha South Africa.

## Misumba yavigaŵa
(Local municipalities):
Chipatala cha Thyolo

**Chipatala cha Thyolo** (ChiZungu: *Thyolo Health Services*) ntchipatala icho chili mu Boma la Thyolo.
## Msumba
Msumba mukati Chipatala cha Thyolo: 
* Bvumbwe
* Changata
* Chimaliro
* Chimvu
* Chisoka
* Didi
* Gombe
* Khonjeni
* Makungwa
* Mangunda
* Mapanga
* Thekerani
* Zoa

## Ukaboni
Kaŵizu

**Kaŵizu **ni mtundu wa chiyuni chakutowa chomene icho china mitundu inandi ngati nja muŵingavula icho chikusangika ku Latin America ndipo mtundu wa chiyuni ichi uli mu mtundu wa gong'ontha wa mu kasuku. Chiyuni ichi chikugwiliskikaso ntchito ngati ntchimanyikwilo cha boma cha charu cha Belize. Mitundu ya chiyuni ichi ikusangika kummwela kwa charu cha Mexico mpaka ku Colombia. Chiyuni ichi chikulya vilivose manyi ni vipaso, mitondoli, njoka, vyakuwela vya njele, masumbi gha viyuni vinyake na tuyuni tudoko tudoko .

Chiyuni ichi chikulya vilivose manyi ni vipaso, mitondoli, njoka, vyakuwela vya njele, masumbi gha viyuni vinyake na tuyuni tudoko tudoko. Kaŵizi mwanakazi wakutayila masumbi ghamutundu utuŵa ghakukwana 1–4 mu mphako ya chikhuni. Kaŵizu mwanalume na Kaŵizu mwanakazi wose ŵakuvwilana kupwelelela na kuonelela chivwimbo chawo cha masumbi ndipo pakuswa masumbi, ŵa Kaŵizu wose ŵakusintha kukhala pa masumbi. Masumbi gha Kaŵizukuti ghaswe ghakutaya madazi 15–20 kufuma pa nyengo yakutailika. Pala masumbi ghasweka, Kaŵizu mwanalume na mwanakazi wose wovwilana kuonelela tuvimbunda twawo. Pala twana twafumka mu masumbi, tukubeka yayi ndiposo tukuŵezge maweya.

### Mitundu inyake ya Kaŵizu

Toucan2018.jpg|thumb|Kaŵizu ku San Ramon, Costa Rica
File:Ramphastos sulfuratus -London Zoo-4c.jpg|Ku London Zoo
File:Keel-billed toucan.jpg|Ku Parque Municipal Summit, Panama
File:Keel-billed Toucan Miami MetroZoo.jpg|Ku Zoo Miami
File:Ramphastos sulfuratus 2012 000.jpg|Venezuela
File:Ramphastos sulfuratus 2012 001.jpg|Venezuela
Gong'ontha

Gong'ontha ni mtundu wa chiyuni uwo uli mu gulu la Picidae, uwoso ukusazgapo mtundu wa piculets, wrynecks, na sapsuckers. Mtundu wa viyuni ivi ukusangika palipose kuuskako ku Australasia, Madagascar, Antarctica na malo ghanyake ghamumphepete mwa nyanja. Mitundu inandi ya Gongontha ikutemwa kukhala mumalo gha makuni ghanandi kweneso na muma thengele ghakulu ghakulu ndipo mtundu unyake wakuchemeka Gila ukutemwa kukhala mu malo gha vithembwe vya minga. Chithuzi ichi ntcha Gonthontha mwanakazi (campo flicker )(*Colaptes campestris*), uyo wakukhala ku Amelika Wakummwela mumalo gha Pantanal, Brazil.
Della H. Raney

**Della H. Raney** (Janyuwale 10, 1912 – Okutobala 23, 1987) wakaŵa nesi waku America. Raney wakaŵa nesi wakwamba wachi Afilika Amelika kuza kuzagwila ntchito mu Nkhondo Yachiŵili Yacharu Chose, ndipo wakaŵa wakwamba kusankhika kukhala nesi mulala. Mu 1944, wakakhala nesi woyamba mfipa wakukolelelanako na Army Air Corps wakakwezgeka mpaka kukhala wakuonelela ŵasilikali, ndipo pamasinda pake wakakwezgeka kukhala mulala mu 1946. Raney wakapumula pantchito yankhondo iyi mu 1978. Chithuzi ichi cha Raney wakhala kuseli kwa desiki lake chikatoleka mu 1945; panyengo iyo, wakalongozga ŵa nesi ŵanyake pa station ku Camp Beale ku California.
Osbert Parsley

**Osbert Parsley** (1510/1511–1585) wakaŵa wakupeka wa Chingelezi Renaissance na wa kwaya uyo wakalemba chomene chomene nyimbo za tchalitchi ya Chilatini na vyakulemba vinyake vya Chingelezi, kweneso nyimbo za vilwelo. Wakaŵa wa kudangilila kwaya ku Norwich Cathedral, uko wakamalizgila ntchito yake yakwimba. Wakazunulika kakwamba ngati ni mlembi, wakasankhika kukhala "munthu wakwimba" kuzingilila 1534, na pannji tchalitchi ilo likaŵa lakuzomelezgeka yayi organist hafu ya ŵanthu. Vikuoneka kuti wakatola m’chaka cha 1558. Ntchito zake zikusazgapo mazgo ghakuti ‘Conserva me, domine’’. Zinyake mwa nyimbo zake za vilwelo zilikupulumuka. Wakafwila ku Norwich mu 1585 ndipo wakaikika m'dindi ku Norwich Cathedral, uko wana chikhongwani chachikumbusko.
Nyandarua County, Kenya

**Nyandarua County, Kenya** ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI

Bola
**Liverpool Football Club (Wupu labola la Liverpool)** ni wupu lochaya bola mwa ukhwantha ku msumba wa Liverpool, England. Liverpool yikutchaya bola mu nkhombo ya Premier League, Nkhombo yapachanya chomene mu England. Wupu ili likapandika mu 1892, nakusazgika mu Football League chaka chamthazi zakhe ndipo yasebela bola ku lubaza la Anfield kwamba penepapo.
Dambo

D**ambo** ni kazunulilo ka kagulu ka mitundu ya malo agho ghakusunga maji mwaulengiwa ku pakati na ku m'mwela kwa chirwa cha Africa nthe mu Zambia, Malawi na Zimbabwe.
Mzgoleli wa mkwawo

**Mzgoleli wa mkwawo** (Yakuchemekaso pa chingelezi **'Network Switch**' '**switching hub'<nowiki/>**, **'bridging hub**', kweniso, na ŵa IEEE kuti, **'MAC bridge**') ni makina-ghakaŵilo gha mikwawo iyo yikulumikizga mikwawo ya mirangura pakugwiliska ntchito kusinthiska-paketi kupokela na kutumizga uthenga kuluta ku makina agha uthenga ukwena kuŵa.

Msinthiska-Mpilingizgoli ni ulalo-mpilingizgoli wa vinjilo vinandi yakugwiliska ma Keyala-MAC kutuma-mthazi uthenga pa chigaŵa cha mlumikizga-uthenga (gaŵa-2) cha Kayezgelo ka OSI. Msinthiska-Mpilingizgoli yinyakhe yingatumaso ma uthenga mu chigaŵa cha mpilingizgloli (gaŵa-3) pakusazgilapo mlimo wa Kwendeleska.Misinthiska-Mpilingizgoli ya nthe yikuchemeka chomene kuti ni Msinthiska m'gaŵa-3 panjiso Msinthiska-vigaŵa-viŵi.

Visinthiska vya Ethaneti ndivo vili visinthiska vakusangika chomene. MAC-Ulalo yakudanga yikapangika mu 1983 na Mark Kempf, injiya mu 'Networking Advanced Development group' ya 'Digital Equipment Corporation'. Ma Ulalo yakudanga ya vinjilo-2 (LANBridge 100) yikiza na wupu uwu pati pajumpha nyengo yichoko kufuka apo.  Mbwe ŵakizaso na visinthiska vya vinjililo-viŵi ya vyose Ethaneti na FDDI nthe GigaSwitch.  Digital yikapa chizomelo-kalata cha umwene-kalata ya MAC-ulalo yawo kwaulele, mwambula sankho mwantheula kuzomela IEEE kuti yikhazikiske ndondomeko zakhe zokhazikika.  Ichi chikazomela ma wupu ghanandi kupangako visinthisko vya vinjilo-viŵi, the wupu Kalpana. Ethaneti pakudanga yikaŵa ya chipata cha kagaŵiko kakuyana, kwe mbwe kwiza kwa MAC-ulalo kukamba visinthika kwakhe kuŵa ya malo-na-malo yosangika chomene charu chose iyoso njambula chigaŵa chakugana.  Visinthiska viliposo vya mipilingizgo yamtundu unyakhe nthe Vipata-vyamkusa, Yendesko-Yakaŵilo-kochitika-mwabulakuyana, na InfiBand.

## Vyakulemba
2023 Turkey-Syria chindindindi

Pa 6 Febuluwale 2023, chindindindi chikachitika kum’mwela na pakati pa charu cha Turkey, kumpoto na kumanjililo gha dazi kwa Syria. Chikachitika 34 km (21 mi) kumanjililo gha dazi kwa msumba wa Gaziantep nyengo ya 04:17 AM TRT (01:17 UTC), na kukula kwambula kuchepa kwa Mw 7.8, na nkhongono ikulu ya Mercalli ya XI (Extreme). Chindindindi chankhongono chakudabwisa cha Mw 7.7 chikachitika pati pajumpha ma awazi ghankhondi na ghanayi chindindindi ichi chikachitika, icho chili pamtunda wa 95 km (59 mi) kumpoto chakumafumilo gha dazi gha m'chigaŵa cha Kahramanmaraş.
Tropical climate

**Mphepo-nyengo ya Tropiki** ni yimoza mwa **Mphepo-nyengo** zinkhonde za kagaŵilo ka Köppen climate classification yakumanyikwa na chilembo cha **A**.
Felistus Nya-Uyu Ngwira

**Felistus Nya-Uyu Ngwira** (kubabika pa  5 Juni 1995- ) ngwakupanga ma seŵelo kweneso wa vyamalonda uyo wakufumila mu boma la Rumphi, mu charu cha Malaŵi. 

Ngwira wakababikila pa Chipatala cha boma la Mzimba ndipo sukulu yake ya sekondale wakasambila pa Providence Sekondale Sukulu.  

Wapangapo maseŵela gha vithuzi vyakwenda ghanandi ghakukhwaskana na kakhalilo ka munthengwa, kulimbikiska ŵana sukulu, kulimbikiska ubale pakati pa ŵana na ŵapapi ŵawo.

Kuuskako Zambia na Malaŵi, Ngwira wayendaso mu vyaru vingapo mu Afilika kupanga maseŵela ghakusambizga ŵanthu. Pasono pano wakukhala mu msumba wa Mzuzu.

Ŵanyake awo wakupanga nawo maseŵelo ni Mozisi na ŵanyake.

## Mbili ya Umoyo
Ngwira wakababikila pa Chipatala cha boma la Mzimba.  Amama ŵake vakufumila mu boma la Mzimba, ndipo adada vake vakufumila mu boma la Rumphi, chru cha Malaŵi.

## Vilekeke
Vilekeke ni wupu wakambika na Ngwira uwo chakulinga chake nkhulimbikiska uchitilo uheni wa vinthu.

Wupu uwu ukayamba mu chaka cha 2015.
Kayezgero-OSI

Kayezgero ka **Open Systems Interconnection model** (Kayezgero-**OSI**) ni kayezgero kambula-kaŵiro ako kakupeleka kendeskero kakuyana kwa kupanga kwa vikhazikisko vya [ISO] vyantchito ya kulumikizika kwa magwiliro (ma system).Mu kayezgero ka OSI reference, kuyowoyiskana pakati pa magwirilo gha computer yakugaŵika pa 7: Mgakola, Mlumikizga thenga, mpilingizgi, mendero, seshoni, kayaŵiro, na chikalata-chaulembamo.
Embangweni

**Embangweni** wali mu Boma la Mzimba ku Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto ya Malawi. Mu tawuni iyi muli ŵanthu pafupifupi 5,000.

## Ntchito zaumoyo
Chipatala cha Embangweni chili na vipatala 170, ndipo chikovwira ŵanthu pafupifupi 100,000. Chipatala cha Embangweni likugwiraso nchito malo ghaumoyo ghatatu agho ghali ku Kalikumbi, Mabiri, na Mpasazi. 

TIKO ni wupu unyake wakuwona vya umoyo mu tawuni iyi. Wupu wa TIKO ukovwira comene pa nkhani ya HIV/AIDS, kupwelelera ŵana ŵacekuru, kupanga minda ya ŵagogo ŵa ŵana ŵacekuru, na kupanga makadi agho ghakovwira ŵanthu kusanga ndalama. 

## Maseŵera
Embangweni wali na kilabu chimoza cha maseŵero icho ni Embangweni United FC wa bola. 

## Maukaboni
Kwingwi

**Kwingwi** nkhanyama ako kakusangika ku Mmwela kwa Mafumilo gha dazi gha nthunthu la Asia, chomene chomene mu vyaru nagti ni Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, na Brunei. Kwingi wakutemwa kukhala mu malo gha thengele lakukhola likulu ilo lina makuni gha liana, ka kakhalilo ka makuni agha kakuvwila kuti Kwingwi wakwele makola mukhuni kwambula kusuzg
Makina ya Kaŵilo kakukhoma ya Mipilingizgo

**Makina ya Kaŵilo kakukhoma ya Mipilingizgo**, ni makina yakwendela magesi iyo yakukhumbikanga pakuyowoyiskana kwa makina ghakupambana gha pa mipilingizgoli gha kumpyuta. Chomene-mene yakwendeska katumizgiro gha mauthenga mu mpilingizgoli uyo.
Livingstonia, Malawi

**Livingstonia** panji **Kondowe** ni tawuni iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha Kumpoto chigaŵa cha Rumphi mu Malaŵi. Msumba uwu uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 430 kumpoto kwa Lilongwe, msumba ukuru wa Malaŵi.

## Mbili

Msumba wa Livingstonia ukazengeka mu 1894 na ŵamishonale ŵa Free Church of Scotland. Mu 1875, ŵamishonale ŵakakhazikiska ofesi ku Cape Maclear, ndipo ŵakayithya Livingstonia, kuyana na zina la David Livingstone. Gulu ili likakolerananga na kampani ya Livingstonia Central Africa Company, iyo yikambiska bizinesi mu 1877. Kuzakafika mu 1881, Cape Maclear yikaŵa na nthenda ya maleriya, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵakaluta kumpoto ku Bandawe. Kweniso malo agha ghakaŵa ghambura kukhazikika, ntheura Livingstonia Mission yikasamukira ku malo ghapacanya pakati pa Nyanja ya Malawi na Nyika Plateau. Malo ghaphya agha ghakaŵa ghawemi comene cifukwa Livingstonia wali mu mapiri, ntheura kulije nyerere izo zikwambiska maleriya. Pamasinda, malo agha ghakazgoka tawuni yichoko.

Robert Laws ndiyo wakaŵa mishonale mulara kwa vilimika 52. Wakambiska sukulu yiwemi comene mu cigaŵa ici mu nyengo yira mu Livingstonia, ndipo awo ŵakamalizga masambiro agha ŵakaŵa na nkharo yiwemi mu vyaru vinyake, kusazgapo South Africa. Pakati pa ŵana ŵa sukulu iyi pakaŵa Legson Kayira, uyo wakafuma mu 1958. Zina la buku lake la mutu wakuti I Will Try lili kufuma ku mazgu gha sukulu.

Mpingo wa Livingstonia Mission

Dango likakhumbanga kuti Livingstonia waŵe yunivesite, kweni awo ŵakamulondezga ŵakakhumbanga yayi. Mu 2003, bungwe la Livingstonia Synod of the Church of Central Africa, Presbyterian (CCAP) likasintha kaghanaghaniro aka ndipo likambiska Yunivesite ya Livingstonia.

## Vyakuzenga
Nyumba za ku Livingstonia zikuzengeka na njerwa zakuŵaŵa. Nyumba ya Stone House, nyumba yakwamba ya Robert Laws, sono ni hotelo. Paliso nyumba yinyake yakuwonamo mbiri ya Livingstonia.

## Ŵanthu
Mu 2008, mu tawuni ya Livingstonia mukaŵa ŵanthu 6,690.

## Mayendelo
Misewu iyo yikulongozgera ku Livingstonia yilije thala. Mzinda uwu uli pa chigaŵa cha Chitimba pa Nyanja ya Malawi na msewu wa S103 (T305), msewu wakukwera chomene uwo uli na makwelero ghakupambanapambana, apo msewu wa T306 na T305 ukwenda kumwera. Misewu yose yiŵiri yili makora yayi.

## Chipatala

Chipatala cha David Gordon Memorial chikayambika mu 1910 ndipo chikajulika mu 1911. David Gondwe wakaŵa movwiri wakwamba wa Livingstonia uyo wakasambizgika. Wakasezgeka cifukwa cakuti ŵalara ŵa ku malo agha ŵakamanya kuti wakaŵa na mwanakazi yumoza, ndipo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ici cikapangiska kuti waleke kukhazikika. Ndipouli, nyengo yichoko waka wakamba kugwira nchito ku boma la Colonial Medical Services. Pasono chipatala ichi chili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 60,000..

## Kuŵerenga kwakupitilila

* Lonely Planet, *Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia* (1st Ed.).  1997. Lonely Planet Publications, Hawthorne, Australia.
* For the history of Livingstonia Mission and Synod see: John McCracken, *Politics and Christianity in Malawi 1875-1940. The Impact of the Livingstonia Mission in the Northern Province*, 2nd ed., Blantyre: CLAIM, 2000, 376 pp.
* 
* 
* 

## Maumboni


## Vigaŵa vya kuwaro
Rumphi (msumba)

**Rumphi** ni msumba ukulu wa boma la Rumphi mu charu cha Malaŵi, cha ku mpoto.  Ni msumba ukulu uwo ukusangika na vyakuguliska vinandi kusazgapo na vya ulimi. Msumba wa Rumphi ukumanyikwa na lusungu la ŵanthu ŵake (mwakuti ni msinjilo ukulu chomene kujumpha munthu kwambula kumutauzga). Ni malo agho ghali pa nthowa yakulutila ku malo ghakusungila vinyama gha Nyika, Vidikha vya Nyika na malo ghakusungilako vinyama gha Vwaza. Mwakupambana na malo ghapafupi ngati ni msumba wa Mzuzu, agho ni malo ghakuti ghakuŵa na zuŵa chaka chose, Rumphi wana nyengo yakupambanilapo. Ngati ni msumba wakuzingilizgika na mapili na viduli, mphepo iwemi ikusangika mu msumba uwu. Msumba uwu ukupanga malile na Dambo la  Rumphi kumafumilo gha dazi na Dambo la Rukulu wa Kummwela cha kummwela.

Likulu la Tchalitchi la Scotland lili ku Livingstonia, makilomita 80 ( 50 mayilozi ) kumpoto chakumafumilo gha dazi, m,wakuonela patali nyanja ikulu ya Malaŵi.

Mu chaka cha 2008 chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu chikaŵa  17,369.

Msumba wa Rumphi ukumanyikwa na malonda gha ng'ombe. Pa chisulo chilichose namulenji, nyengo ya 6 koloko, ŵalimi na vakupanga malonda ŵakufumila kutali kuzagula na kuguliska ng'ombe.Ni msika ukulu chomene wa ng'ombe kujumpha Lilongwe, Mzuzu na Mzimba. Mphepete pakuluta ku Bolero, mwakufupikana na malo ghakusungilako ndalama gha  FDH , pali wupu wa Roscher Youth Development Centre ndipo pamalo ghake chakumwwela kwa Dambo la Rukuru wa Kummwela kuli   wupu wa Vwilani Malaŵi e.V. Mwakusazgilapo, mu msumba wa Rumphi min da ya vingoma, skaŵa, ntchunga na mboholi njinandi.

## Makhalilo
Msumba wa Rumphi wali mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi, kummwela kwa malo ghakusungilako vinyama ghachemeka Nyika, agho ghakutaya hour imoza pakutchika galimoto kufika ku Mzuzu, ch kumpoto kwake. 

Dambo la Lunyina likwenda mu mapili mountains, kufika pakati pa msumba, kupasa Rumphi maonekelo ghakutowa ghakuŵala.

## Malaŵelengo

### Mitundu ya ŵanthu

### Visopo

## Vyakukopa ŵalendo

## Vithuzi

File:P1120150b.jpg|alt=Weekly cattle market in Rumphi|thumb|Weekly cattle market in Rumphi
File:EarthbagHouseRumphi.jpg|thumb|First earthbag house in Rumphi district at Roscher Youth Development Centre


## Maukaboni
Chipani cha Democratic Progressive

**Chipani cha Democratic Progressive** (**DDP**) ni chipani cha ndyali mu Malawi. Chipani ichi chikapangika mu mwezi wa February mu chaka cha 2005 na President wa Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika pamanyuma pa mphindano na United Democratic Front (UDF), iyo yikalongozgekanga na Bakili Muluzi.

## Mbiri
 Chipani cha DPP ni kupatukana cha United Democratic Front. UDF yikapangika na Bingu wa Mutharika na Bakili Muluzi ndipo yikamba kuwusa mu 1994 pasi pa Muluzi. Nyengo ziŵiri za Muluzi zikati zamara, Mutharika ndiyo wakalaŵiliranga chipani na mtundu. Ndipouli, Muluzi wakalutilira kwendeska chipani; ntheura Mutharika wakambiska chipani chake, Democratic Progressive Party, mu 2005. Ŵabali ŵanandi ŵa UDF ŵakawelera ku chipani chiphya cha DPP. Chipani ichi na Mutharika ŵakathereska mavoti mu 2009, ndipo ŵakalutilira kuwusa chalo.
Women Suffrage Procession

**Women Suffrage Procession**  ni chiphikiro icho chikachitika mu msumba wa Washington, D.C., pa March 3, 1913, zuŵa limoza pambere Woodrow Wilson wandapike mazaza. Alice Paul ndiyo wakachitiska ungano uwu. Ŵanandi ŵakaluta ku Pennsylvania Avenue "mwakulimbana na ndondomeko ya ndyali iyo ŵanakazi ŵakuzomerezgeka yayi". Ungano uwu ukawovwira chomene kuti ŵanakazi ŵaŵe na wanangwa wa kusankha. Chithunzichi chikuonetsa chivundikiro cha pulogalamu ya Women Suffrage Procession, yojambulidwa ndi Benjamin Moran Dale. Cikuyowoya vya mwanakazi uyo wavwara makora uyo wakulizga mbata na banner ya "Votes for Women" uku wakwera pa haci panthazi pa Nyumba ya Ufumu.
Irving Wardle

**John Irving Wardle** (20 July 1929 - 23 February 2023) wakaŵa wakulemba mabuku wa ku England. Wakalemba vya maseŵero gha vyamuvipatala kwa The Observer kufuma mu 1959 mpaka 1963, kwa The Times kufuma mu 1963 mpaka 1989, na kwa The Independent pa Sabata kufuma mu 1989 mpaka 1995.

## Umoyo Wakwambilira
Wardle wakababika pa 20 July 1929 ku Manchester, Lancashire, mwana wa John Wardle na muwoli wake Nellie (Partington). Adada ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵakwimba, ndipo ŵakamba kulemba nkhani mu nyuzipepara ya Bolton Evening News. Apo wakaŵa ku Oxford, Wardle wakachitanga maseŵero gha vyamaseŵero, wakachitanga mu filimu ya The Tempest pamoza na ŵakwimba Nigel Davenport na Jack May, John Schlesinger na Bill Gaskill, kweniso Mary Moore, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa St Hilda's College, Oxford.

## Ntchito
Mu 1958, Wardle wakamba kulemba nkhani pa Bolton Evening News. Wakagwiranga nchito nga ni mulembi wa The Times Literary Supplement, nga ni mulembi wa theatre (kwa Kenneth Tynan) pa The Observer, kufuma mu 1959 mpaka mu 1963, nga ni mulembi wa drama wa The Times kufuma mu 1963 mpaka mu 1989, mulembi wa Gambit 1973 mpaka mu 1975, ndiposo nga ni mulembi wa theatre wa The Independent on Sunday kufuma mu 1990 mpaka mu 1995, apo udindo wake ukafumiskika cifukwa ca kucepa kwa ndalama. Kufuma apo, wakamba kugwira ntchito yakujiyimira payekha, ndipo ivyo wakalemba vikalembeka mu magazini nga ni Prospect na The Oldie.

Wakalemba mabuku ghaŵiri; buku la mbiri ya umoyo wake lakuti The Theatres of George Devine (Jonathan Cape, 1978) na Theatre Criticism (Routledge, 1992). Seŵero lake lakwamba, lakuti The Houseboy, likayowoyeka ku Open Space Theatre mu 1973. Seŵero ili lili na nkhani za mu umoyo wa munthu, ndipo likuyowoya ivyo vikachitikira Wardle apo wakagwiranga ntchito yakugeza mbale mu nyumba ya ŵalendo ku London. Mubali Charles Marowitz ndiyo wakapangiska filimu iyi. Mu nyengo ya ITV's Playhouse, ŵakajambura filimu ya pa TV pa Julayi 3, 1982, ndipo ŵakayilongora na Christopher Hodson. Mu filimu iyi mukaŵa Stephen Garlick, Geoffrey Palmer, Richard Pasco na Earl Rhodes.

## Umoyo wa munthu
Nthengwa ziŵiri zakwambilira za Wardle, na Joan Notkin mu 1958 na Fay Crowder mu 1963, zose zikamara mu kupatana. Iyo na Crowder ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵaŵiri. Mu 1975, Wardle wakatora Elizabeth Grist. Ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵaŵiri ndipo ŵakakhalira lumoza m'paka apo wakafwira pa Febuluwale 23, 2023, apo wakaŵa na vyaka 93.

Wardle wakaŵa mubwezi wa Harold Pinter, ndipo wakalemba mazgu ghakuti "vyakusekeska vyakofya". Ŵanalume ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakakumana pamanyuma pakuti Wardle waŵazga buku la Pinter lakuti The Birthday Party mu 1958, ndipo Pinter wakalemba kalata kuti wamulumbenge cifukwa ca mtima wake wa kususka.

## Mphotho
Mu 2004, wakapokera ntchindi pa Cairo International Festival of Experimental Theatre.

## Ukaboni


## External links

* Irving Wardle Collection at the Harry Ransom Center
John Olver

**John Walter Olver** (3 September 1936 - 23 February 2023) wakaŵa wandale wa ku America ndipo wakaŵa kazembe wa United States wa chigaŵa chakwamba cha Massachusetts kufuma mu 1991 mpaka 2013. Olver wakakulira ku famu ku Pennsylvania, ndipo wakamalizga masambiro ghake gha ku koleji apo wakaŵa na vyaka 18.

Wakateŵeteranga mu makhoti ghaŵiri gha Massachusetts General Court, ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa mu Nyumba ya Wupu Wakulongozga ya Massachusetts mu 1968 na mu Senate ya Massachusetts mu 1972. Mu 1991, wakaluta ku mavoti ghapadera kuti watore malo gha mphala ya malango Silvio O. Conte, uyo wakafwa uku wali pa udindo. Wakaŵa Democrat wakwamba kwimira chigaŵa chakwamba cha ku Congress.

Olver wakapharazga kuti wazamusankhikaso yayi mu 2012 ndipo wakafumapo paumaliro wa nyengo yake ya 11 mu Congress.
Edith Roger

**Edith Roger** (wakababika pa Meyi 29, 1922 m'paka Febuluwale 24, 2023) wakaŵa mweneko wa vyakuvina, choreographer, na director.

Wakamba kuvina pa Ny Norsk Ballet kufuma waka apo yikambira, ndipo pamanyuma wakavinira pa Norwegian National Opera and Ballet. Pamanyuma pa uteŵeti wake wa kuvina, wakatumika ku Nationaltheatret kuŵa mulongozgi wa maseŵero kwa vilimika pafupifupi 30. Wakaŵa wakupokera chawanangwa cha Arts Council Norway Honorary Award, ndipo wakapika chawanangwa ichi chifukwa cha ivyo wakachita pa kuvina, kweniso chifukwa cha ivyo wakachita pa maseŵero.

## Umoyo wa munthu
Roger wakababika mu Son (lero ni Vestby) pa Meyi 29, 1922, mwana wa Conrad Hansen na Sigrid Larsen. Wakaŵa wakutengwa kwa Ole-Carl Øien kufuma mu 1950 mpaka 1975.

## Ntchito
Wakati wasamukira ku Oslo na mbumba yake, Roger wakasambira kuvina ballet na Rita Tori, ndipo mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose wakasambiraso kuvina na Gerd Kjølaas. Wakamba kuvina pa pulatifomu ya Rogaland Theatre mu 1945. Kweniso wakaseŵeranga pa chigaŵa cha Chat Noir, ndipo wakavinanga pa Svenska Dansteatern. Kwambira mu 1948, wakaluta ku Ny Norsk Ballet, ndipo wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa chomene pa gulu ili. Kufuma mu 1958 m'paka mu 1962, wakachitanga ntchito ya ku Norway National Opera and Ballet.

Ntchito zake zikuru zikusazgapo "Maria" mu filimu ya Bibliska bilder ya Ivo Cramér mu 1951, Medea, iyo yikapangika na Birgit Cullberg mu 1955, na "Columbine" mu ballet Carnaval ya Michel Fokine mu 1958.

Wakamba kuchita maseŵero gha kuvina mu 1954, apo wakawovwira kupanga The Saint Olav Drama, maseŵero ghakukumbukira Nkhondo ya ku Stiklestad mu 1030. Mu 1958, wakalemba sumu ya Haugtussa, yakufuma mu buku la Arne Garborg, ndipo mu 1959, wakalemba sumu ya Dans ropte fela, iyo yikaŵa na sumu na kuvina. Mu 1969, wakalemba Mot Solen, chiwonetsero cholimbikitsidwa ndi umoyo wa Edvard Munch.

Kufuma mu 1967 m'paka mu 1999, Roger wakagwiranga nchito ku Nationaltheatret. Ntchito yake yakwamba yikaŵa yakuti Peter Weiss wachitenge seŵero lakuti Sangen om utyske pa pulatifomu ya Amfiscenen, ndipo Ludvig Holberg wakachita seŵero lakuti Den stundesløse pa pulatifomu yikuru. Apo wakaŵa ku Nationaltheatret wakalongosora maseŵero pafupifupi 50. Vinthu ivi ni seŵero la Ibsen lakuti A Doll's House (1971), Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1973), Ibsen's Peer Gynt (1975 na 1985), na Ballerina (1976), Further, Konsert for lukket avdeling (1979), kusinthika kwa seŵero la Tom Stoppard lakuti Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, Fra regnormenes liv (1982), na Hedda Gabler (1988).

Mu 2005 wakawelera ku ntchito yake ya kuvina, apo wakachitanga mu Memento Mori, uyo wakalemba na Sølvi Edvardsen.

Mu Meyi 2022, Roger wakafiska vyaka 100, ndipo wakafwa pa Febuluwale 24, 2023.
James Abourezk

**James George Abourezk** ( February 24, 1931 - February 24, 2023) wakaŵa loya na wandale wa ku South Dakota. Abourezk wakaŵa wa chipani cha Democratic Party, ndipo wakaŵa Senator wa United States na Representative wa United States nyengo yimoza. Wupu Wakulongozga. Kweniso ndiyo wakambiska wupu wakulimbana na sankho wa ku America.

Wakaŵa Mkhristu wakwamba wa Chigiriki Orthodox wa ku Lebanon uyo wakafuma ku Antiochite kuteŵetera mu U.S. Wupu Wakulongozga. Wakawonekanga kuti wakususka chomene ndyali za ku United States ku Middle East na North Africa (MENA), chomenechomene ku Palestina na Israel.

Abourezk wakimilira South Dakota mu United States Senate kufuma mu 1973 mpaka 1979. Iyo ndiyo wakalemba dango lakuvikilira ŵana ku ŵanthu ŵa ku India, ilo likapelekeka na Congress mu 1978 kuti livikilire mbumba za ŵanthu ŵa ku America na mitheto yawo. Likutemwa makhoti gha mafuko agho ghakuŵa na ŵana ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku America awo ŵakukhala mu malo ghakusungirako ŵanthu.
Gordon Pinsent

**Gordon Edward Pinsent** CC FRSC (12 July 1930 - 25 February 2023) wakaŵa mlongozgi mafilimu, mulembi na wakwimba wa ku Canada. Wakamanyikwa na maudindo ghake mu vigaŵa vinandi, kusazgapo Away from Her, The Rowdyman, John and the Missus, A Gift to Last, Due South, The Red Green Show, na Quentin Durgens, M.P. Wakaŵa lizgu la Babar the Elephant mu TV na mafilimu kufuma mu 1989 mpaka 2015.

## Umoyo Wakwambilira
Pinsent wakaŵa waumaliro pa ŵana 6, wakababikira ku Grand Falls, Newfoundland (lero ni Newfoundland na Labrador, Canada). Amayi ake, Florence "Flossie" (née Cooper), amachokera ku Clifton, Newfoundland ndipo abambo ake, Stephen Arthur Pinsent, anali wogwira ntchito pamakina opangira mapepala komanso wopanga nsapato ochokera ku Dildo, Newfoundland. Amama ŵake ŵakaŵa "ŵakufwatuka" ndipo ŵakasopanga ku Anglican. Mbumba iyi yikafuma ku Kent na Devon ku England. Iyo wakati wakaŵa "mwana wambura mahara" ndipo wakasuzgikanga na nthenda yakuchemeka rickets.

Pinsent wakamba kuchita maseŵero mu ma 1940 apo wakaŵa na vyaka 17. Nyengo yichoko waka, wakamba kuchita maseŵero gha pa wayilesi pa wayilesi ya CBC, ndipo pamasinda wakamba kuchita mafilimu. Kuuyambiro wa ma 1950, wakatora nyengo yakufumapo pa maseŵero gha maseŵero gha kuvina ndipo wakajibatika ku Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Canada, ndipo wakateŵetera vyaka vinayi nga ni msilikari mu Royal Canadian Regiment.

## Ntchito
Ntchito ya Pinsent yikayamba mu 1957 ku Winnipeg's Theatre 77 (yeneyi yikamanyikwa kuti Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre) pasi pa muwuso wa John Hirsch. Mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo, wakawoneska maseŵero ghanandi ku Winnipeg, Toronto na ku Stratford Festival.

Kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1960, wakawonekera mu Scarlett Hill na The Forest Rangers. Pamanyuma pake wakazgoka munthu wakuzirwa comene pa wayilesi ya pa caru ca Canada na maudindo agho ghakaŵapo mu nkhani za Quentin Durgens, M.P., A Gift to Last (iyo wakalenga), The Red Green Show, Due South, Wind at My Back, na Power Play.

Pinsent wakachitako mafilimu nga The Rowdyman, Who Has Seen the Wind, John and the Missus, The Shipping News na Away from Her. Wakalemba nkhani za The Rowdyman na John and the Missus. Panyake ntchito yake yakumanyikwa comene pa mafilimu yikaŵa ya pulezidenti wa United States mu filimu ya 1970 ya sayansi ya Colossus: The Forbin Project.