Viyowoyero vya ku South Africa

Pafupifupi viyowoyero 35 vya ku South Africa vikuyowoyeka mu charu ichi, ndipo viyowoyero 11 ivi ni viyowoyero vya boma: ChiNdebele, ChiPedi, ChiSotho, ChiSwati, ChiTsonga, ChiTswana, ChiVenda, ChiXhosa, ChiZulu, ChiAfrikaans, na ChiNgelezi. Nangauli viyowoyero vichoko waka ndivyo vikuzunulika, kweni Dango la South Africa likuvikilira viyowoyero ivi. Chiyowoyero cha Mawoko cha ku South Africa ntchakuzomerezgeka na dango, kweni ni chiyowoyero cha boma yayi nangauli pakaŵa kampeni na fundo za mu nyumba ya malango kuti chiŵe chiyowoyero ichi.

Viyowoyero vyambura kuzomerezgeka na vyambura kuzirwa ni ivi: ChiKhoekhoegowab, Chi!Orakobab, ChiXirikobab, ChiNantonguuki, Chi!Xunthali, na ChiKhwedam; na viyowoyero vinyake vya ku Africa, nga ni ChiPhuthi, ChiHlubi, ChiBhaca, ChiLala, ChiNhlangwini (ChiZansi), ChiNrebele (ChiSumayela), ChiMpondo/ChiMpondro, ChiMpondomise/ChiMpromse/Chimpomse, ChiLobedu, ChiPulana, ChiPai, ChiKutswe, ChiṰokwa, ChiHananwa, ChiThonga, ChiLaNgomane, ChiKgalagari, ChiRhonga, ChiKopa (Chikgaga), na vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku South Africa ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vinandi, ndipo kanandi awo ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero ivi ŵakuŵa na mphambano pakati pa viyowoyero vyawo.

## Chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu

Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku South Africa ŵakuyowoya ciyowoyero ca Cizulu (pafupifupi 23 peresenti). Cingelezi ndico ciyowoyero caciŵiri pa viyowoyero vyose mu caru ici (9.6%), kweni cikupulikikwa mu misumba yinandi, ndipo ndico cikuyowoyeka comene mu boma na mu wayilesi.

Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku South Africa ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero chimoza mwa viyowoyero viŵiri vikuruvikuru vya chiyowoyero cha Bantu: chiyowoyero cha Sotho ʹTswana (chenechicho chikusazgapo viyowoyero vya Southern Sotho, Northern Sotho na Tswana), panji chiyowoyero cha Nguni (chenechicho chikusazgapo viyowoyero vya Zulu, Xhosa, Swati na Ndebele). Pa vigaŵa vyose viŵiri ivi, viyowoyero ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu vigaŵa ivi vikupulikikwa na uyo wakuyowoya chiyowoyero chinyake.

Viyowoyero vya ku South Africa ivyo ni vyakuzomerezgeka, ndipo ntheura ni vyakuzirwa, vingagaŵika mu vigaŵa viŵiri, viyowoyero vya Nguni vikusangika mu chigaŵa chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi (m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean) ndipo viyowoyero vya Chisotho na Chitswana vikusangika mu chigaŵa chakumpoto cha charu ichi. Gauteng ni chigaŵa icho chili na viyowoyero vyakupambanapambana, ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vya Nguni, Sotho-Tswana, na Indo-European ŵakuyana waka. Ivi vikapangiska kuti chiyowoyero cha ku tawuni, cha Tsotsitaal panji S'Camtho/Ringas, chambe kumanyikwa mu misumba yikuru ya mu chigaŵa ichi.

Chiyowoyero cha Tsotsitaal icho pakwamba chikachemekanga kuti "Flaaitaal" chikafuma ku chiyowoyero cha Afrikaans, icho chili kufuma ku chiyowoyero cha Chidachi. Ŵanthu 61 pa 100 ŵaliwose awo mbatuŵa ndipo 76 pa 100 ŵaliwose awo mbanthu ŵa mtundu unyake ndiwo ŵakuyowoya Cisipanishi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti lizgu ili likung'anamura "ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinandi", chifukwa likuyowoya vya ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero vinyake, ŵanandi awo mbana ŵa ŵazga awo ŵakafuma ku vyaru vinyake ivyo vikaŵa ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa.

Ŵanthu awo ŵakafuma ku vyaru vinyake awo ŵakakhalanga ku Batavia, nawo ŵakaluta ku Cape, ndipo ŵakakhwaska chomene chiyowoyero cha Afrikaans, chomenechomene chiyowoyero cha Malaŵi. Uyo wakambiska chisopa cha Cisilamu ku Cape, Sheikh Abadin Tadia Tjoessoep (uyo wakumanyikwa na zina lakuti Sheikh Yusuf) ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba. Hajji Yusuf wakaŵa munthu wakuzirwa wa ku Indonesia wa fuko la fumu. Wakaŵa muzukuru wa Sultan Alauddin wa ku Gowa, mu charu cha Makassar, Nusantara. Yosefe pamoza na ŵalondezgi ŵake 49 kusazgapo ŵawoli ŵaŵiri, ŵanakazi ŵaŵiri na ŵana 12, ŵakapokelereka ku Cape pa 2 Epulero 1694 na kazembe Simon van der Stel. Ŵakaŵasunga pa famu ya Zandvliet, kuwaro kwa msumba wa Cape Town, kuti ŵaleke kuŵakhwaska ŵazga ŵa VOC. Ndipouli, ivyo Yosefe wakakhumbanga vikenda makora yayi, ndipo malo agho wakakhalanga (ghakachemekanga Macassar) ghakazgoka malo ghakusungirako ŵazga. Kufuma ku malo agha, uthenga wa cisopa ca Cisilamu ukathandazgika ku ŵazga ŵa ku Cape Town. Chinthu chakuzirwa chomene ntchakuti Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Cape ŵakamba kulemba mabuku ghakwambilira mu Chiarabic, agho ghakalembeka mu Chiarabic. Kweniso chikaŵa chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Griqua (Xiri panji Griekwa).

ChiAfrikaans chikayowoyekaso chomene pakati na kumpoto kwa charu ichi, nga chiyowoyero chachiŵiri (panji chachitatu panji chachinayi) na ŵanthu ŵa mu South Africa awo mbanthu ŵa mitundu ya SiNtu.

Pa kalembera wa 2011, ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyanga chiyowoyero ichi ŵakaŵa nga ni aŵa:

### Chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu

### Viyowoyero vinyake vyakuzirwa mu South Africa
Viyowoyero vinyake ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu charu cha South Africa, ivyo vindazunulike mu Dango, ni KheLobedu, SiNrebele, SiPhuthi, kweniso viyowoyero vinyake nga ni Fanakalo (chiyowoyero icho chikuyowoyeka mu migodi), na Tsotsitaal panji S'Camtho.

Viyowoyero vinandi vyambura kuzomerezgeka vikayowoyeka kuti ni viyowoyero vya boma, ivyo vikukolerana na ivyo ŵanthu ŵa mu bantustan ŵakachitanga.

Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Europe, Africa, China, na ku India (chifukwa cha ndyali za ku Britain) ŵakamba kuyowoya viyowoyero vinandi mu vyaru vinyake vya ku South Africa. Mu vyaru vyakale ivyo ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake ŵakukhala, muli ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero ivi: Chigiriki, Chigujarati, Chihindi, Chiputukezi, Chitamili, ChiTelugu, Chibhojpuri, Chiawadhi, Chiurdu, Chiyidish, Chiitaliya, kweniso ŵanthu ŵachoko waka awo ŵakuyowoya Chiholandi, Chifurenchi, na Chijeremani. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chitchayinizi, kweni awo ŵiza sono mu charu ichi ŵakuyowoya Chitchayinizi.

Viyowoyero ivi vingagwiliskirika ntchito mu viyowoyero vinyake para ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero ivi. Cakuzirwa comene nchakuti viyowoyero ivi vikucita milimo yikuru comene mu vigaŵa vinyake ivyo vikukolerana comene na ciyowoyero na kakhaliro ka ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero ivi.

Chiphwitikizi ndicho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Portugal, comenecomene ku Madeira, ndipo pamasinda ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakufuma ku Angola na Mozambique ŵakati ŵafumako ku Portugal.

Sonosono apa, ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vya ku North, Central na West Africa ŵafika mu South Africa, chomenechomene mu misumba yikuruyikuru, chomenechomene mu Johannesburg na Pretoria, kweniso mu Cape Town na Durban.

Chiyowoyero ichi chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Roma ku South Africa.

## Ndondomeko za mu Dango
Chaputara 1 (Vinthu vyakwendeskera Dango), chigaŵa 6 (Mazgu) cha Dango la Charu cha South Africa ndicho chikupangiska kuti boma liŵe na ndondomeko ya viyowoyero.

Pa 16 Disembala, 1996, pulezidenti Nelson Mandela wakalemba buku lakwamba ilo lili na mazina gha viyowoyero. Chisotho chikung'anamura Southern Sotho, ndipo isiNdebele chikung'anamura Southern Ndebele. Dango lakwamba la mu 1993 likayowoya vya Chisotho sa Leboa, apo Dango la mu 1996 likati "Sepedi" ndilo lizamuŵa lizgu la chiyowoyero cha Northern Sotho.

Dango ili likuyowoya za chiyowoyero cha mawoko cha ku South Africa.

## Dango la Charu cha South Africa mu Viyowoyero Vyakupambanapambana
Mazgu agha ghali mu ndime yakwamba ya Dango la ku South Africa:

## See also

*National Language Services
*Official names of South Africa
*Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities

## References

## External links
* Introduction to the languages of South Africa
* Ethnologue Listing of South African Languages
* PanAfriL10n page on South Africa
* Statistics SA
* Hornberger, Nancy H. "Language Policy, Language Education, Language Rights: Indigenous, Immigrant, and International Perspectives." *[[Language in Society]]*, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Dec., 1998), pp.&nbsp;439–458
* Alexander, Mary. The 11 languages of South Africa (January 2018)