Lusaka

**Lusaka** ni msumba ukuru wa Zambia. Msumba uwu ndiwo ukukura mwaluŵiro comene mu vyaru vya kumwera kwa Africa.Msumba wa Lusaka uli kumwera kwa chigaŵa chapakati pa mapiri ndipo uli pa mtunda wa mamita 1,279. Mu 2019, ŵanthu ŵa mu tawuni iyi ŵakaŵa 3.3 miliyoni, apo mu 2018 ŵanthu ŵa mu matawuni agha ŵakaŵa 2.5 miliyoni.Msumba wa Lusaka ndiwo uli pakatikati pa vyamalonda na boma mu Zambia. Chiyowoyero cha boma mu tawuni iyi ni Chingelezi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vya mu misewu nga ni Bemba, Tonga, Lenje, Soli, Lozi, na Nyanja.

Ukaboni wakwambilira wakuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ni wa m'ma 500 C.E., ndipo ŵanthu ŵakamba kukhala mu chigaŵa ichi m'ma 1000 C.E. Kufuma mu 17 panji 18 C.E., ŵanthu ŵa ku Lenje na Soli ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu. Msumba uwu ukazengeka mu 1905, apo ukaŵa pasi pa boma la Britain ilo likalamuliranga Northern Rhodesia. Gulu la BSAC likazenga njanji iyo yikakhwaskananga migodi yawo ya Copperbelt na Cape Town ndipo Lusaka ndiyo yikaŵa malo ghakukhazikako maji pa msewu uwu. Pamanyuma, ŵalimi ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakamba kukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ndipo ŵakamba kuchita malonda mu Lusaka. Mu 1929, pati pajumpha vyaka vinkhondi kufuma apo boma la Britain likapokelera charu cha Northern Rhodesia, likasintha msumba ukuru wa charu ichi kufuma ku Livingstone kuya ku malo ghanyake. Ŵanthu awo ŵakanozganga vinthu vya mu tawuni iyi, kusazgapo Stanley Adshead, ndiwo ŵakazenga msumba uwu.

Mu 1953, msumba wa Lusaka ukazgoka msumba ukuru wa charu cha Rhodesia na Nyasaland, ndipo sono ni Harare mu charu cha Zimbabwe. Kweni mu 1964, msumba uwu ukazgoka msumba ukuru wa Zambia. Pamanyuma, ŵakazenga nyumba zinandi mu msumba uwu, kusazgapo nyumba za boma, Yunivesite ya Zambia, na chiŵanja cha ndege chiphya. Ku Lusaka kuli malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafumanga ku vigaŵa vinyake vya Zambia pambere charu chindafume mu mawoko gha boma, kweniso pamanyuma pakuti charu cha Zambia chafwatuka.

## Mbili

### Mbiri Yakwambilira
Ukaboni wakwamba wakuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu malo agho sono ni Lusaka ni wa m'ma 600 C.E. Msumba wakwambilira uwo tikumanya ni uwo ukazengeka m'ma 1100 C.E., ndipo ukaŵa pafupi na msumba wa Olympia. Mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo, ŵanthu ŵakasintha chomene mu chigaŵa ichi m'paka apo ŵanthu ŵa Lenje na Soli ŵakafikira mu vyaka vya m'ma 1700 panji 1800. Ŵasayansi ŵakugomezga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Soli ŵakafika mu nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Luba ŵakasamanga mu Mlonga wa Luapula. Mazuŵa ghano, Lusaka wali pa mphaka ya vigaŵa vya magulu ghaŵiri agha. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na ku Europe awo ŵakaguliskanga ŵazga ŵakamba kwiza kufuma ku vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja ku Tanzania, Mozambique, na Angola. Chifukwa chakuti ŵakeneranga kugega ŵanthu aŵa, kweniso ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito ulimi wakuseŵa, ŵakasamukiranga ku malo ghanyake pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Soli na Lenje.

Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, Cecil Rhodes, uyo wakaŵa wa ku Britain kweniso wandale, wakambiska kampani yakuchemeka British South African Company (BSAC). Rhodes wakagomezganga chomene kuti pali njanji yakufuma ku Cape kuya ku Cairo, nangauli German East Africa yikaŵa kuti yikujandizga nthowa yakuya kumpoto kwa BSAC, kweni wakatondeka kuyiyambiska apo wakaŵa wamoyo. Rhodes wakawoneseska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵalutilire kuŵa na wanangwa wa kusopa, ndipo wakalutilira kusazgirako ufumu wake m'paka ku Salisbury (uko sono ni Harare mu Zimbabwe). Gulu la BSAC likamba kulamulira chigaŵa cha Lusaka mu 1899. Pakwamba msumba uwu ukaŵa ku Kalomo, ndipo mu 1907 ukasamukira ku Livingstone. Mu 1911, chigaŵa ichi chikasazgikana na chigaŵa cha North-Eastern Rhodesia kuti chiŵe Northern Rhodesia.

Pakuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakugalukira boma lawo, kweniso kuti vinthu vikwenda makora yayi mu charu ichi, kweniso kuti ŵakukhumba kusazgirako migodi ya ku Copperbelt, kumpoto kwa Zambia, BSAC yikalutilira kuzenga njanji yakufuma ku South Africa kuya ku Northern Rhodesia. Msumba wa Lusaka ukazengeka mu 1905, ndipo ukachemekanga Lusaaka, mulongozgi wa muzi wa Lenje. Chigaŵa icho chikajumphanga mu Lusaka chikazengeka na Mashonaland Railway Company, ndipo chikaŵa mtunda wa makilomita 452 kufuma ku Kalomo m'paka ku tawuni ya Broken Hill (iyo sono ni Kabwe). Mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo, ŵalimi ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakamba kukhala mu chigaŵa ichi. Kuzakafika mu 1913, mashopu ghanandi na hotelo vikaŵa kuti vyajulika, ndipo ŵakakhorweska BSAC kuti Lusaka waŵe msumba wakuzomerezgeka na kuŵapa mazaza pa vinthu vya mu msumba. Msumba wakwambilira uwu ukawusikanga na Lusaka Village Management Board, uyo wakasankhika na ŵalimi, ndipo ukaŵa na malo ghakukwana makilomita 5 mu utali na makilomita 1.5 mu usani.

Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, caru ca United Kingdom cikamba kuwusa Tanganyika (uyo sono ni Tanzania). Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakhalenge mu vyaru vinandi kufuma ku South Africa m'paka ku Egypt. Mu 1924, boma la Britain likamba kulamulira kumpoto kwa Rhodesia kwizira mu kazembe na wupu wakulongozga, kweni BSAC yikalutilira kuŵa na wanangwa wa kunozga migodi. Boma liphya likakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵajilamulirenge ŵekha, nangauli ŵakaŵavya wanangwa. Makampani gha migodi, kweniso ŵalimi ŵa ku Lusaka ŵakakondwa yayi na kusintha uku. Boma likakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalenge mu matawuni ghakupambanapambana kuti ŵalongore mazaza ghawo.

### Kucemeka msumba ukuru wa Northern Rhodesia
Mu Malichi 1929, ofesi ya ku Britain yikatumizga uthenga ku boma la Northern Rhodesia kuti likusamure msumba ukuru wa charu ichi. Ndipouli, pa nyengo iyo, ŵakamanyiskapo yayi cifukwa ico ŵakasamira ku caru cinyake. James Maxwell, uyo wakaŵa dokotala ndipo wakaŵa kazembe wa charu ichi kwambira mu 1927, wakiza na David Alexander, uyo nayo wakaŵa kazembe wa charu ichi. Pakukhumba kuti mizi iyo yikaŵa pafupi na migodi yileke kuzengeka, Alexander wakawona kuti ntchiwemi kusanga munthu wakunozga mapulani gha msumba. Pamanyuma, Maxwell na Alexander ŵakasanda malo gha msumba uphya uwu, ndipo paumaliro ŵakasankha Lusaka chifukwa chakuti ukaŵa pa msewu wa njanji kweniso pa mphambano ya Great North Road na Great East Road. Maxwell wakapempha ofesi ya Colonial Office kuti yimupenge munthu wakunozga vinthu vya mu tawuni. Adshead wakasanda malo ghanandi agho likuru la charu ichi likate likhalengemo, ndipo paumaliro wakamanya kuti Lusaka ndiyo yikaŵa malo ghakwenelera. Iyo wakaghanaghananga vya kuŵika msumba ukuru mu Copperbelt, kweni cifukwa cakuti maboma na mabungwe gha migodi ghakamugomezgana yayi, wose ŵakakhumbanga kuti msumba ukuru uleke kuŵa kutali na migodi. Munthu uyo wakumanya vya maji wakati wasanda, wakasanga kuti pasi pa maji pakaŵa maji ghakukwana, ndipo mu Julayi 1931, wupu wakulongozga ukazomerezga kuti Lusaka ndiyo uŵe msumba ukuru.

Mu 1932, Ronald Storrs ndiyo wakanjira mu malo gha Maxwell pakuŵa kazembe, kweni cifukwa ca suzgo likuru la vya ndalama, ndalama zikakhalanga pachoko ndipo vinthu vikenda makora yayi mu Lusaka. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa ŵakaluta ku msumba uwu kukapenja nchito ya kuzenga, kweni kukaŵavya nchito, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaŵe ŵakavu, ŵanjara, na kugaluka. Ivyo Storrs wakakhumbanga comene pa mulimo uwu ni nyumba ya boma, iyo yikayananga waka na iyo wakambiska apo wakaŵa kazembe wa ku Cyprus. Pakukhumba kulondezga nyumba ya ku Cyprus, kweniso nyumba ya themba ku New Delhi iyo yikaŵa kuti yamara waka kuzengeka, Storrs wakapempha ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakamanyikwanga comene kuti ndiwo ŵanozge pulani iyi. Ndalama izo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti zizagwire ntchito ya kuzenga nyumba iyi zikaŵa pafupifupi mapaundi 43,000. Nyengo yicoko waka Storrs wakaleka udindo wake pakuŵa kazembe cifukwa ca ulwari. Pa nyengo iyi, mulimo uwu ukaŵa kuti wamalizgika waka, ndipo ukaŵa na misewu yichoko waka (nga ni Cairo Road, iyo yikachemeka nthena chifukwa cha malo agho yikaŵa pa Cape to Cairo Road) kweniso nyumba na nyumba za ŵantchito ŵa boma.

Storrs wakasankhika na Hubert Winthrop Young, uyo wakaŵa kazembe wa charu cha Nyasaland (lero ni Malawi). Mu Epulero 1934, Themba George, mwana wachinayi wa Themba George V, wakiza ku Lusaka. Pa nyengo iyi, George wakaŵika libwe la fawundeshoni la nyumba za boma za ku Lusaka, kweniso wakajura misewu iyo yikathya mazina gha adada ŵake na ghake. Pamanyuma pa ulendo wacifumu, Young wakalembera kalata ofesi ya Colonial Office kuti "wakukhorwa na ivyo vicitikirenge Lusaka munthazi", ndipo wakasankha Eric Dutton kuti ndiyo walongozge mulimo uwu. Ŵazungu ŵa mu tawuni ya Livingstone ŵakasuskanga comene cifukwa cakuti ŵakaghanaghananga kuti msumba uzamuparanyika. Nangauli Young wakakana kuŵapa ndalama izo ŵakakhumbanga, kweni wakakhumba kuŵakhozga mwa kuŵika msumba wa Livingstone kuŵa likuru la vyalo vya ŵanthu ŵakwendakwenda. Mu 1935, Lusaka wakaŵa msumba ukuru wa charu ichi. Boma likapeleka sitima yapadera, iyo yikanyamura ŵantchito wose ŵa boma kufuma ku Livingstone kuluta ku Lusaka mu sabata yimoza.

Kuyana na ivyo Adshead wakakhumbanga, Lusaka wakeneranga kuŵa msumba wakuzirwa comene, wambura mafakitale panji ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa. Kuyana na ndondomeko iyo Bowling wakanozga, kukaŵa malo ghakugwilira nchito ya vyamaseŵero vikuru na vikuru. Wakakhozga comene ciŵanja ca ndege, kweniso nyumba ya boma, nangauli yikaŵa yipusu kuluska iyo Storrs wakakhumbanga. Ŵanalume ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakagaŵa tawuni iyi mu vigaŵa vya "ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi" na "ŵambura mu charu ichi". Nangauli Adshead na Bowling ŵakalemba mapulani agha, kweni ŵakafumamo mu Rhodesia pambere sabata ya Lusaka yindakwane. Msumba uwu ukaŵa ukuru comene nangauli ukaŵa kuti undazengekepo. Ichi chikaŵa chigaŵa cha ndondomeko iyo Adshead wakambiska kuti ŵanthu ŵalutilire kukura mu msumba m'malo mwa kuzenga msumba ukuru.

### Vyaka vyakunthazi vya koloni
Kuzenga kwa Lusaka kukalutilira mu hafu yaciŵiri ya m'ma 1930, kweni vinthu vikalutilira yayi cifukwa ca kusoŵa ndalama. Boma la Northern Rhodesia likakhumbanga kusanga ndalama kwizira mu msonkho wa makampani gha migodi, kweni ghanandi mwa makampani agha ghakalembeka mu United Kingdom ndipo ghakalipanga msonkho wose pa ndalama izo ghakasanganga. Kabungwe ka Beit Trust kakaŵavikilira ndalama izo ŵakagulira ntchito iyi, kweni pakaŵavya malo ghakukwana ghakuzengera vinthu vinyake. Mu 1938, boma la United Kingdom likamba kufufuza usange vyaru vya Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, na Nyasaland vingaŵa pamoza. Ici cikapangiska kuti boma ndilo liŵe na ndalama zinandi.Kweniso mu 1938, boma la Northern Rhodesia likapempha Alan Pim kuti walembe lipoti lakukhwaskana na ndalama. Ivi vikalongora kuti nangauli msonkho wa migodi ukaŵa wapachanya, boma (ilo likathembanga chomene ndalama izo likasanganga) likapokeranga yayi. Pim wakadandawuraso umo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakakhalanga mu Lusaka, wakati pa ŵanthu 10,000 awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu, ŵanthu 1,500 pera ndiwo ŵakaŵa na nyumba zakukhalamo. Pa nyengo iyo, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakazomerezgekanga kukhala mu msumba uwu cifukwa ca kupika wanangwa wa kugwira nchito kwa nyengo yicoko waka.

Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, nchito ya mkuŵa yikakura comene cifukwa ca kukhumba visulo. Kukura kwa vinthu kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakhalenge mu matawuni. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Lusaka ŵakakwera kufuma pa ŵanthu 2,000 mu 1931 kufika pa ŵanthu 19,000 mu 1946, ndipo ŵakakuranga na 15 peresenti pa chaka. Mu 1948, boma likapeleka dango lakuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵakhalenge mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Ŵaganyu ŵakeneranga kulipira nyumba za ŵantchito ŵawo. Ŵalara ŵa tawuni iyi ŵakambiska wupu wa African Housing Board. Ŵantchito ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhalanga mu Lusaka ŵakaŵa ŵambura maluso, kweni ŵakasanga chandulo yayi nga umo vikaŵira ku Copperbelt, uko kukaŵavya ŵanthu ŵaluso ŵakugwira ntchito mu migodi. Mu 1952, boma likapeleka ndondomeko ya umo lingazengera msumba wa Lusaka. Ndondomeko iyi yikayowoya kuti malo ghanandi gha mu vigaŵa vya ku Africa ghazengekenge, kweni pafupifupi chigaŵa chimoza pa vigaŵa vitatu ivi ndicho chikazengeka.

Mu 1953, boma la Britain likazomerezga kuti Northern Rhodesia yikanjire pamoza na vyaru viŵiri ivyo vikaŵa pafupi na charu ichi. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma ku London ŵakayowoyapo kuti charu ichi chiŵenge na ndalama zinandi ndipo ŵakagomezganga kuti charu ichi chizamuŵa "charu cha mitundu yinandi" kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kusankhana mitundu mu South Africa. Ŵazungu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi, chomenechomene ku Southern Rhodesia, kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakasuskanga chomene. Lusaka wakaŵa msumba ukuru wa Northern Rhodesia, kweni maofesi ghanandi gha boma kweniso makampani ghanyake ghakasamukira ku Salisbury. Ivi vikapangiska kuti chuma cha Lusaka chambe kunangika. Kuchepa kwa chuma uku, pamoza na kukhira kwa mtengo wa mkuwa mu ma 1950, kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa na ku Lusaka ŵaleke ntchito. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kusazgikira, cifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasamanga ku mizi na kuluta ku malo ghanyake. Mwakupambana na caru ca South Africa, uko boma likaŵaparanyanga nyengo na nyengo, boma la Rhodesia likalekelera ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi nangauli ŵakaŵavya nchito.

### Msumba ukuru wa Zambia
Apo ŵanthu ŵakakhorwa yayi na umo charu ichi chikaŵira, gulu liphya la ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Africa likawuka kuumaliro wa m'ma 1950, ndipo ŵakakhumbanga kuti Northern Rhodesia yiŵe na mazaza ghanandi kweniso kuti yiŵe yakujiyimira payekha nga umo vikaŵira ku Ghana. Pamanyuma pa kugaluka kwa ŵanthu mu 1962, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na gulu la Kenneth Kaunda la United National Independence Party (UNIP), boma la Britain likazomera dango liphya ilo likazomerezganga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵalongozgenge boma. Mu 1963, charu ichi chikamara, ndipo mu 1964, charu cha Northern Rhodesia chikajiyimira pachekha. Lusaka ndiyo yikaŵa msumba ukuru wa Zambia. Pamanyuma pake, ŵakazenga nyumba zinandi mu msumba uwu, kusazgapo nyumba za boma, Yunivesite ya Zambia na chiŵanja cha ndege chiphya. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambe kusama kufuma ku mizi na kuluta ku Lusaka. Mu ma 1960, boma likazenga nyumba zinandi, kusazgapo nyumba za New Kamwala na Chilenje South. Aka kakaŵa kakwamba kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵazengere nyumba za mtundu uwemi izo zikaŵa na vinthu vyakovwira ŵanthu.

Nangauli Zambia, Malawi, na Tanzania vikaŵa kuti vyafwatuka mu 1960, kweni vigaŵa vinyake vya Mozambique, Angola, Southern Rhodesia, na South Africa vikaŵa kuti vichali pasi pa mazaza gha ŵanthu ŵatuŵa. Ŵanandi awo ŵakachitanga vinthu mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakasamira ku Lusaka, ndipo pamanyuma, Evan Wade, wakulemba mdauko wa ku America, wakati Lusaka "ntchigaŵa icho ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga kumwera kwa Africa". Mu 1969, msumba uwu ukaŵa na ungano wa nambara 5 wa vyaru vya kumafumiro gha dazi na vya pakati pa Africa. Pa ungano uwu pakalembeka chikalata chakuchemeka Lusaka Manifesto, icho chikulongora kuti awo ŵakasazgapo ŵakaŵanga ŵakukolerana pakuyezgayezga kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambe kulamulira kumwera kwa Africa. Chikaŵa na fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵadumbiskane m'malo mwa kuchita nkhaza. Mu 1965, charu cha Southern Rhodesia chikapika wanangwa wa kujilongozga, ndipo pamasinda UN yikaŵakanizga kuluta ku charu ichi.

Mu mazuŵa ghakwambilira gha kujiwombora, cifukwa ca ndalama zinandi izo zikafumanga ku vyakurya ivyo vikaguliskikanga mu vyaru vinyake, ŵasayansi ŵakalongosora kuti Zambia ni "caru ca ndalama zicoko comene" ico cingaŵa na mwaŵi wa kukura comene. Ndipouli, kwamba mu ma 1970, chuma cha Zambia chikamba kunangika cifukwa ca kukhira kwa mtengo wa mkuŵa na mafuta. Ndalama izo munthu waliyose wakasanganga zikakhira na 50% pakati pa 1974 na 1994. Kuchepeska uku kukalongoraso ivyo nkhwantha ya vya ndyali ya ku America John Harbeson wakalongosora kuti ni "vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vyambura kuyana na boma kweniso boma likutemwa chomene vinthu vya mu matawuni". Cifukwa ca kusoŵa nchito, ŵanthu ŵakasamukira ku misumba mu Zambia, kweni cifukwa ca kunangika kwa makampani gha mkuŵa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasamukira ku Lusaka kufuma ku misumba ya ku Copperbelt. Ivi vikapangiska kuti mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990, ŵanthu ŵa mu Lusaka ŵakure pafupifupi 4%, ndipo ichi chikaluska cha mu charu chose.

Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, chuma cha Zambia chikakura chomene, ndipo boma likambiska mapulojekiti ghakovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalenge makora mu Lusaka. Mu vyaru ivi mukaŵa ndondomeko yikuru yakuzenga matawuni, iyo yikalembeka na boma la Zambia na wupu wakuwona vya ku Japan (JICA). Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu malo ghambura kunozgekerathu, ndipo mu 2015 ŵanthu 70 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakakhalanga mu malo agha. Mu 2018, boma la msumba uwu likamba kunozga misewu kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kunjira chomene mu misewu, kweni mu 2021 ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakusuzgika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nyumba zakukwana.

## Makhalilo

Malo gha ku Zambia ghali na mapiri ghanandi. Lusaka ili pa chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Zambia pa 15°25′S 28°17′E, pa mtunda wa mamita 1,280 (4,200 ft). Ili pa mtunda wa makilomita 472 (293 mi) kumpoto-kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa likuru la vyalo, Livingstone, na makilomita 362 (225 mi) kufuma ku Kitwe pa Copperbelt, msumba ukuru waciŵiri mu Zambia. Mpulungu, tawuni yikuru ya Zambia iyo yili kutali comene na Lusaka, yili pa mtunda wa makilomita 1,074 (667 mi) mumphepete mwa Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Msumba wa Lusaka uli pafupi na chigaŵa cha Lusaka, ndipo ndiwo msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa cha Lusaka, icho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu Zambia. Chigaŵa cha Lusaka chili na mphaka na chigaŵa cha Chilanga kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera, chigaŵa cha Kafue kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi na chigaŵa cha Chongwe kumafumiro gha dazi, vyose vili mu chigaŵa cha Lusaka. Kweniso lili na mphaka na chigaŵa cha Chibombo kumpoto.

Charu cha Lusaka chili na malibwe ghakupambanapambana agho ghakusangika ku mpoto, na malibwe gha malibwe gha dolomiti kumwera. Malibwe agha ghakupambika maji ghanandi gha pasi kuluska malibwe gha mu malo gha pasi agho ghali na viswaswa vinandi comene mu Zambia. Mu vigaŵa vya malibwe gha malibwe gha malibwe gha kaliki muli malo gha pasi pa charu agho maji ghakufuma mu maji, ntheura palije milonga yikuruyikuru. Msumba uwu uli pa chigaŵa cha maji, ndipo maji agho ghali kumpoto kwa msumba uwu ghakukhira mu mlonga wa Chongwe, kwizira mu milonga ya Ngwerere na Chalimbana. Mlonga wa Chongwe na wa Kafue wose ukufuma mu maji na kukhira mu mlonga wa Zambezi. Dongo lake ni leptosols mu chigaŵa cha shaist na phaeozems pa dolomite. Chifukwa cha dongo la dongo yayi ili, maji gha mu nthaka ghakwenda makora yayi pambere ghandafike mu maji.

### Mkati mwa msumba

Chigaŵa cha bizinesi cha Lusaka (CBD) chili pafupi na Cairo Road, kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Zambia Railways line kufuma ku Livingstone kuya ku Copperbelt. Iyi ni malo ghakale apo tawuni yakwambilira yikapangika kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1900. Cairo Road, msewu wa kumpoto-kumwera wa makilomita ghanayi (2+1⁄2 mi) mu utali, ni msewu ukuru wa CBD, uwo uli na maofesi kweniso mashopu, malo ghakusungirako vyakurya na malonda ghanyake. Ndipouli, magalimoto ghakutalulira (malori) ngakukanizgika kwenda pa msewu wa Cairo Road (ŵakuciskika kuti ŵagwiliskirenge nchito msewu wa Lumumba kuti ŵajumphe msewu uwu para ŵakwenda kumpoto na kumwera). Nyumba zinayi zikuruzikuru za mu Zambia zili pa Cairo Road, kusazgapo nyumba yikuru chomene, Findeco House ya mamita 90. Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Cairo Road kuli misika yikuru yiŵiri, Central Market na New City Market.

Kumafumiro gha dazi kwa CBD kuli boma, kusazgapo Nyumba ya Ufumu na maofesi ghakupambanapambana, kuzingilizga Cathedral Hill na Ridgeway. Kumafumiro gha dazi kwa msumba uwu, mumphepete mwa Independence Avenue, kuli malo ghakucemeka Woodlands, agho ŵanthu ŵasambazi ŵa ku Lusaka ŵakukhalamo. Malo ghanyake gha ku mpoto kwa msumba uwu ni Makeni, Ibex Hill, na Rhodes Park. Malo ghanyake agho ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi ni Kalingalinga, Kamwala, Kabwata, Olympia Park, Roma, Fairview, na Northmead. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Lusaka ŵakukhala mu malo ghambura kunozgekera, agho ghali kumanjiliro gha dazi, kumwera na kumpoto kwa msumba. Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi ni Matero, Chilenje, na Libala.

Mu nthowa ya Great East Road muli malo ghakurughakuru ghatatu gha ku Zambia: Arcades shopping mall (na malo ghakusungiramo vinthu), East Park shopping mall na Manda Hill shopping mall (malo ghakusungiramo vinthu), agho ghakazengekaso ndipo muli mashopu ghanandi gha ku vyaru vinyake na malo ghakurughakuru. Pa msewu wa Katimamulilo, pafupi na hotelo ya Radisson Blu pali Sun Share Tower. Nyumba iyi yikaŵa na msinkhu wa mamita 58.

Vimanyikwiro na vimanyikwiro vya chalo mu Lusaka vikusazgapo National Museum, nyumba za boma kuzingilizga CBD, African Freedom statue na chikumbusko ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakomeka na ndege iyo yikawa mu 1993 ku Zambia, iyo yili pa National Heroes Stadium.

### Nyengo
Chifukwa cha kutalika kwake, Lusaka ali ndi nyengo yonyowa ya subtropical (Cwa) malinga ndi kuphatikiza kwa Köppen. Mwezi wakuzizima comene ni Julayi, ndipo pa mwezi uliwose, muhanya wose ŵakuzizima comene. Mu Lusaka, nyengo ya chihanya yikuŵa yakuzizima chomene ndipo nyengo ya chiwuvi yikuŵa yakuzizima. Mwezi wakotcha chomene ni Okutobala, ndipo zuŵa lililose mu mwezi uwu, ŵakuzizima chomene. Nyengo zikupambana mu vigaŵa vitatu: nyengo yakuzizima pakati pa Novembala na Malichi, nyengo yakuzizima pakati pa Epulero na Ogasiti, kweniso nyengo yakuzizima mu Seputembala na Okutobala.

## Ŵanthu
Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2010, ŵanthu ŵa mu Lusaka ŵakaŵa 1,715,032, ndipo 838,210 ŵakaŵa ŵanalume ndipo 876,822 ŵakaŵa ŵanakazi. Ivi vikulongora kuti chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu chikukwera chomene kufuma mu 2000, ndipo msumba uwu ukukura mwaluŵiro chomene. Nangauli malo agha ghakaŵa pa mphaka pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Soli na Lenje, kweni sono mu Lusaka mulije mtundu uwo ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Zambia ŵakwimira. Ivi vikucitika cifukwa ca ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakufuma mu vigaŵa vyose vya caru ici awo ŵakuluta mu msumba uwu, kweniso cifukwa ca ndondomeko ya boma ya "Zambia Yimoza, Mtundu Umoza" iyo yikuciska ŵantchito ŵa boma kuti ŵagwirenge nchito mu caru cose kwambura kupwelerako uko ŵakufuma. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu Lusaka mba ku Africa ndipo ŵali kufuma ku ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu, kweni ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakukhala mu Lusaka ŵakukhala nyengo yitali. Ŵanthu aŵa ni ŵazungu, ŵana ŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga kufupi na njanji iyi mu nyengo iyo charu ichi chikaŵa pasi pa mawoko gha boma, kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku India awo ŵakuyowoya Chigujarati. Ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa mba ku Zambia.

### Viyowoyelo
Nga umo vikuŵira mu vigaŵa vinyake vya Zambia, chiyowoyero cha Chingelezi ndicho chikuyowoyeka mu Lusaka. Kweniso ni ciyowoyero ico ŵamalonda, manyuzipepara ghanandi, na maboma ghakuyowoya. Chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga mu tawuni iyi m'paka m'ma 1980 chikaŵa Chiyanja. Ndipouli, kufuma nyengo yira, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufumako ku Copperbelt ndipo ŵakamba kuyowoya chiyowoyero ichi. Viyowoyero vitatu ivi vikapangiska kuti mu Lusaka muŵe chiyowoyero chinyake chakuchemeka Town Nyanja. Buku ili lili kufuma ku chiyowoyero cha Nyanja, kweni lili na mazgu gha Chingelezi na Chibemba kweniso Nsenga.

## Boma

Pakuŵa msumba ukuru wa charu ichi, Lusaka ndiwo uli na maboma gha malango, gha ŵalara, na gha ŵeruzgi. Nyumba iyi yili mu nyumba ya Nyumba ya Ufumu, iyo yili na vipinda 15. Msumba uwu ndiwo uli likuru la chigaŵa cha Lusaka, icho chili na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene pa vigaŵa 10 vya charu ichi. Bungwe la mzindawu likutsogoleredwa ndi Meya wa Lusaka, pomwe Chilando Chitangala ndiye woyang'anira kuyambira 2021. 

## Msambilo

Yunivesite ya Zambia ndiyo ni yunivesite yakale comene na yikuru comene ya ku Zambia. Ma yunivesite na makoleji ghanyake agho ghali mu Lusaka ni: University of Lusaka (UNILUS), Zambian Open University (ZAOU), Chainama Hills College, Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Zambia Centre for Accountancy Studies University (ZCASU), Natural Resources Development College (NRDC), National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA), Cavendish University, Lusaka Apex Medical University and DMI-St. Yunivesite ya Eugene. Lusaka wali na masukulu ghanyake ghawemi chomene mu Zambia, nga ni American International School of Lusaka, Rhodes Park School, Lusaka International Community School, French International School, Italian international School, Lusaka Islamic Cultural, and Educational Foundation (LICEF), Chinese International School, Lusaka Russian Embassy School, na Baobab College. Sukulu ya Rhodes Park ni sukulu ya caru cose yayi, nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Angola, Nigeria, Congo, South Africa, na China ŵakusangika. Ŵana ŵa pulezidenti Levy Mwanawasa, kweniso ŵana ŵa mulara wa pulezidenti George Kunda, ŵakasambiranga ku sukulu ya Rhodes Park. Masukulu ghanyake agho ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Lusaka ni Matero Boys' Secondary School (MaBoys), Parklands High School, Roma Girls' Secondary School, Munali Boys' and Girls' Secondary Schools, Chudleigh House School, Kabulonga Boys' and Girls' Secondary Schools, Lake Road PTA School, David Kaunda Technical School (DK), Ibex Hill School, Kamwala Secondary, Libala Secondary, Silverest Secondary School and St. Sukulu ya Mary's Secondary.

## Malo ghakusoperapo

Pa malo agha, pali matchalitchi ghanandi gha Cikhristu nga ni: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lusaka (Chisopa ca Katolika), icho chili pa Cathedral of the Child Jesus; Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Cross mu Cathedral Hill; Seventh-day Adventist (SDA); United Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches); New Apostolic Church; Reformed Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches); Baptist Union of Zambia (Baptist World Alliance); na Assemblies of God. Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova na matchalitchi gha LDS ghose ghali na mipingo yinandi. Paliso nyumba zikuruzikuru za visopa kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu muzi uwu ŵasopenge. Ku malo agha kulije masunagoge.

## Mwambo
Pa malo agha, pali matchalitchi ghanandi gha Cikhristu nga ni: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lusaka (Chisopa ca Katolika), icho chili pa Cathedral of the Child Jesus; Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Cross mu Cathedral Hill; Seventh-day Adventist (SDA); United Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches); New Apostolic Church; Reformed Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches); Baptist Union of Zambia (Baptist World Alliance); na Assemblies of God. Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova na matchalitchi gha LDS ghose ghali na mipingo yinandi. Paliso nyumba zikuruzikuru za visopa kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu muzi uwu ŵasopenge. Ku malo agha kulije masunagoge.

## Chuma
Lusaka ni msumba ukuru wa vyachuma na vya ndalama wa Zambia, ndipo ni malo ghakuru chomene ghakwendako ku vyaru vinyake. Nangauli mu Zambia mulije viŵelengero vya GDP pa chigaŵa, kweni chigaŵa cha Lusaka ndicho chikaŵa na GDP yikuru chomene mu Zambia mu 2014, ndipo chikaŵa na 27.2% ya GDP ya charu chose.

Mwakupambana na Zambia yose, umo kulimilira na migodi ni vyakuzirwa comene, mu Lusaka vinthu vikwenda makora comene cifukwa ca malonda. Mu tawuni iyi muli nchito zinandi, nga ni ndalama, inshuwalansi, katundu, kwendeska, kwendeska mawoko, kwendeska mawoko, nkhongono, kuzenga, na kupanga vinthu vinyake. Mu msumba uwu ndimo muli maofesi gha mabanki gha ku Zambia, kweniso Lusaka Stock Exchange, iyo yikamba kugwira ntchito mu 1993.

### Kuodeska katundu

Lusaka is home to the largest and most numerous shopping centres in the country, including Manda Hill, Levy Junction, EastPark, Cosmopolitan, and the smaller but well-known Arcade Shopping Centre. It also has newly built shopping malls such as Lewanika shopping mall, Centro mall, Novare Pinnacle malls in Woodlands and along the Great North Road.

## Nyumba

### Transport

Ku Lusaka ndiko kuli chiŵanja cha ndege cha Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (chomwe chikugwiliskirika ntchito pa ntchito za ŵasilikari na ŵasilikari). Paliso chiŵanja cha ndege cha Lusaka City Airport, icho chikugwiliskirika nchito na mawumba gha nkhondo gha Zambia.

Msumba uwu uli na vigaŵa vya Cape to Cairo Railway, ivyo vikukolerana na Lubumbashi na Bulawayo. Malo gha ndege gha pa caru cose ghakukolerana na njanji.

Msumba uwu ukujumpha pa Trans-African Highway 9 (TAH 9), iyo yikukolerana na misumba ya Harare na Lubumbashi, kweniso pa Trans-African Highway 4 (TAH 4), iyo yikukolerana na Dodoma na Bulawayo.

Msumba wa Lusaka uli pa mphambano ya misewu yikuru yitatu, Great North Road (T2), Great East Road (T4) na Mongu Road (M9). Msewu wa Great North Road ukwendera kumpoto kwa Kabwe, Mpika na ku Tanzania (kufumako ku Ndola, Kitwe na DR Congo) na kumwera kwa Choma, Livingstone na Zimbabwe. Msewu wa Great East Road ukulazga kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Chipata na Malawi (na msewu unyake uwo ukulazga ku Mozambique). Msewu wa Mongu ukwendera kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Kaoma na Mongu (ndipo unganjira mu Angola kwizira mu msewu wa Barotse Floodplain Causeway).

Ŵanthu ŵakwenda mu mabasi ghakurughakuru, kweniso mabasi ghakurughakuru na matekisi. Pa misewu yinandi, magalimoto ghakwenda pakati pa vigaŵa vinyake vya msumba uwu na malo ghanayi agho ghali mu chigaŵa cha bizinesi (ghakuchemeka Town): Kulima Tower, City Market, Millennium na Lumumba. Mu Lusaka mulije mapu gha msewu wakwendamo ŵanthu, kweni mu 2014 ŵanthu ŵakamba kupanga mapu gha msewu. Vinthu vyose vyakwendeskera mendero mu Lusaka vikwendeskeka na ŵanthu ŵekha.

Mabasi agho ghakwendera mu vigaŵa vya Lusaka, CBD, na matawuni ghakuzingilizga Lusaka, nga ni Siavonga na Chirundu, ghakugwiliskira ntchito siteshoni ya mabasi ya Lusaka City Market, Inter-city Bus Terminus, Millennium Bus Station, na Kulima Tower Station.

### Healthcare
Ku Zambia kuli vipatala vinkhondi, ndipo viŵiri vili ku Lusaka. Chipatala chikuru chomene pa vyose ivi ni cha University Teaching Hospital (UTH), icho chili na mabedi 1655 na malo gha ŵana 250. Chipatala ichi chili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni. Kweniso chikupeleka ŵanthu ku maofesi ghanyake mu charu chose. Likuteŵetera nga ni malo ghakuru gha Zambia ghakusambizgirako ŵadokotala na ŵantchito ŵa mu vipatala. Chipatala chachiŵiri cha Lusaka ni cha Chainama Hills, icho chili na vipatala 210 na vipatala 167 vyambura kuzomerezgeka. Malo gha ku Chainama Hills ghakugwiraso nchito nga ni malo ghakusambizgirako ŵantchito ŵa ku Zambia.

Mu 2007, mu Lusaka mukaŵa vipatala 34 vya boma, kweniso 134 vya boma. Boma la Lusaka likukhumba kuti ŵapharazgi ŵalutilire kupeleka wovwiri wa munthavi kufuma ku Unduna wa vyaumoyo. Mu 2007, chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na matenda gha maleriya, matenda gha kufumiska ŵana, maleriya, vyoni, HIV na matenda ghanyake agho ghakwambukira pa kugonana. Boma la Zambia lili na chilato cha nyengo yitali cha kupeleka wovwiri wa vyaumoyo ku ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Zambia. Kufumira mu 2017, boma likaŵa kuti lapeleka wovwiri wa vyaumoyo kwa waliyose kwambura kulipiliska, kweni ŵanthu ŵakaŵavya nkhongono. Kuti ŵamazge suzgo ili, Unduna wa vyaumoyo ukakolerana na JICA pa mulimo wa kutora nthowa zakukhumbikwa kuti ŵafiske UHC..

## Vyamasewela
Malo ghakurughakuru gha maseŵero mu Lusaka ni National Heroes Stadium, agho ghakazengeka na wovwiri na ndalama za ku China. Malo agha ghakazunulika kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa pa ngozi ya ndege iyo yikachitikira timu ya ku Zambia mu 1993, ndipo ghakajulika mu 2014. Sitediyamu iyi yikugwiliskirika nchito pakunozgekera maseŵera gha timu ya mpira ya Zambia, ndipo yikaŵa yimoza mwa malo ghaŵiri agho kukacitikira nkhonyo ya Africa U-20 mu 2017 ku Zambia, pamoza na Sitediyamu ya Levy Mwanawasa ku Ndola. Mpikisano uwu ukathereskeka na Zambia pa National Heroes Stadium, ndipo ŵakathereska Senegal pa chigonjetso cha 2-0. Sitediyamu iyi yikugwiliskirika nchito pa maseŵero gha maseŵero gha palipose, kusazgapo maseŵero gha 2021 All Comers Tournament.

Kufika mu chaka cha 2021, magulu 6 mwa magulu 18 mu mpikisano wa mpira wa Zambia Super League ali ku Lusaka. Gulu lakutchuka chomene mu tawuni iyi ni Zanaco F.C., ilo lapambana maudindo 7 pa charu chose, laumaliro likaŵa mu 2016. Zanaco yikakhazikiskika mu chaka cha 1978 nga ni timu ya Zambia National Commercial Bank, ndipo yikamba kuseŵera mu chigaŵa chapachanya kufuma mu chaka cha 1989. Gulu linyake la ku Lusaka ilo likutonda chomene ni Green Buffaloes. Kuwonjezera pa sitediyamu ya National Heroes, magulu a mpira a Lusaka amasewera masewera awo kunyumba ku Nkoloma Stadium, Sunset Stadium ndi Woodlands Stadium.

Ku Lusaka ndiko kuli timu ya basketball ya UNZA Pacers, iyo yili ku University of Zambia.

## Vinthu vya pa caru cose
Lusaka wali maphaska na:

*  Dushanbe, Tajikistan, since 1966
*  Beirut, Lebanon, (2018)
*  Udon Thani, Thailand, (2015)
*  Los Angeles, United States, since 1968
*  Izhevsk, Russia

## Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa

* The rugby union players Corné Krige and George Gregan, who respectively captained the n and n teams in both the 2002 and 2003 Tri Nations Series, were coincidentally born in the same hospital in Lusaka.
* The former Zimbabwe cricketer Henry Olonga was also born in Lusaka. He was the first black cricketer – and the youngest person – to play for Zimbabwe.
* Lusaka is the hometown and place of residence of Joseph and Luka Banda, the first conjoined twins to be successfully separated by Ben Carson and his team.
* Former professional footballer Enock Mwepu was born in Lusaka.
* Zambian model Lukundo Nalungwe grew up in Lusaka.

## Wonaniso

* Southern Africa Freedom Trail
* Kafue Railway Bridge (railway bridge from Livingstone to Lusaka)
* Komboni

## Vyakulemba


## Ukaboni


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## Vigaŵa vya kuwaro

* 
* Lusaka City Council
* Zambia Tourism page on Lusaka