Mahamat Déby

**Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno** (Arabic: محمد إدريس ديبي إتنو; wakababika pa 1 January 1984), wakumanyikwa na zina lakuti **Mahamat Kaka**, ni mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa nyenyezi zinayi wa ku Chad uyo wakuteŵetera nga ni pulezidenti wa nyengo ya kupankhuka wa Chad. Wakamba kuwusa nga ni purezidenti wa wupu wa Transitional Military Council pa 20 April 2021 apo awiske, pulezidenti wa Chadian Idriss Déby, ŵakafwa apo ŵakalongozganga ŵasilikari ku Northern Chad. Wakaŵaso mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa Chadian Intervention in Northern Mali (FATIM).

## Umoyo wake
Mahamat Déby wakutora ŵanakazi ŵanandi ndipo wali na ŵawoli ŵatatu. Muwoli wake wakwamba wakaŵa wa ku Zaghawa. Mu 2010, Déby wakatora muwoli wake wachiŵiri, mwanakazi wa ku Central Africa ndipo ni mwana wa Abakar Sabon, nduna yakale ya boma la Central African Republic, pharazgi wa Michel Djotodia, na mulongozgi wa gulu lakugaluka la Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice. Ŵakugomezga kuti Déby na muwoli wake waciŵiri ŵali na ŵana ŵankhondi.

Mkazi wachitatu wa Mahamat Déby, Dahabaya Oumar Souni ndi mtolankhani komanso mlangizi wa media yemwe amadziwika kuti First Lady wa Chad. Souni wakagwiranga nchito lumoza na wiskevyara, Pulezidenti Idriss Déby, ndipo wakakwezgeka kuŵa director of public relations for the office of the presidency kufuma mu December 2019 mpaka apo wakafwira. Mu Meyi 2021, Dahabaya Oumar Souni adasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi wa media ku utsogoleri wa Transitional Military Council ndipo tsopano akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mwamuna wake, Purezidenti Mahamat Déby, ngati membala wa gulu lake la alangizi aukadaulo.

## Ntchito ya usilikali
Mahamat Déby wakalembeska ku Joint Grouping of military schools mu Chad. Pamanyuma, wakasambira usilikari ku France, ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ya Aix-en-Provence. Wakati wawerako wakalembeska ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ŵa boma ndipo pamanyuma wakasankhika kuŵa mulara wa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma (DGSSIE). Nkhondo yake yakwamba yikacitika mu mwezi wa Epulero 2006 apo ŵakugaluka ŵakawukira msumba ukuru wa Chad ndipo pamanyuma pake wakacitako nkhondo ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Chad pamoza na Jenerale Abu Bakr al Said, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵapolisi. Mu Meyi 2009 wakapika udindo wa brigadier general ndipo wakadangiliranga ŵasilikari ŵa Chad pa Nkhondo ya Am Dam, apo ŵasilikari ŵakathereska ŵakugaluka.

Pamanyuma pa kutonda kwake, wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa magulu gha vilwero vya nkhondo na ŵalinda ŵa SERS. Mu Janyuwale 2013, wakasankhika kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵapadera ŵa Chadi mu Mali pasi pa Jenerale Oumar Bikimo. Pa 22 February, wakalongozga ŵasilikari ŵake kwimikana na ŵakugaluka mu mapiri gha Adrar al-Ifoghas ku Northern Mali. Ŵakawuskapo msasa wa ŵakugaluka uwo ukayowoyeka kuti ukaŵa wakuzirwa comene, ndipo ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi, kweniso ŵakakoma ŵanthu 26, kusazgapo Abdel Aziz Hassane Adam, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵapadera. Mahamat watora mazaza ghose gha FATIM ndipo wakulongozga milimo yakwimikana na ŵakugaluka ku North.

## Wapampando wa Msonkhano Wankhondo Wapakati (Wapampando wa Transitional Military Council)

Ŵasilikari ŵakati ŵapharazga kuti boma na wupu wa National Assembly vyamara, ndipo wupu wa Transitional Military Council uwo ukulongozgeka na Mahamat ndiwo uzamulongozga charu kwa myezi 18. Chikalata chiphya chikanjira m'malo mwa Dango la Chadi, ndipo Mahamat ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakanyengo na mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari.

Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakuchita ndyali mu Chad ŵakuti boma la ŵasilikari la nyengo ya kusintha ni "kuwukira boma", cifukwa malango gha boma ghakukhwaskana na umo munthu wangakhalira pa udindo wa pulezidenti ghakulondezgeka yayi. Kuyana na dango la chalo ili, pulezidenti wa National Assembly, Haroun Kabadi, wakeneranga kuŵa pulezidenti wakuchitapo kanthu pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya pulezidenti Idriss Déby, ndipo mavoti ghakeneranga kuchitika mu mazuŵa 45 panji kujumpha yayi. Ndipouli, France, yumoza wa ŵabwezi ŵa Chad pa nkhani ya vyaru vya kuwaro, wakuwona kuti ntchakukhumbikwa, cifukwa ca "vinthu vyapadera" ivyo vikwambiska kugaluka. Wupu wa pa caru cose nawo wawovwira Déby, kumuwona kuti ni munthu wakukhora mu Sahel. Déby wakapokelereka ku Washington, D.C. pa ungano wa ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Africa. Nangauli boma la Chad likuzomerezga fundo iyi, kweni ŵakugaluka ŵa FACT ŵakuti "Chad ni ufumu yayi".

### National Dialogue
Pamanyuma pakukana kudumbiskana na magulu gha ŵakugaluka, Déby wakachepeska maghanoghano ghake mu Ogasiti 2021, na kupempha kuti paŵe kudumbiskana kwa chalo chose. Pamanyuma pakuti gulu la ŵakugaluka likakolerana na ivyo wakayowoya, pamanyuma pa myezi yiŵiri, mabungwe gha boma na ŵakwimira ŵakugaluka ghakamba kudumbiskana vya mtende. Maungano agha ghakafika paumaliro pa Ogasiti 8, 2022, apo ŵakalembeska phangano la mtende ku Doha. Ndipouli, phangano la mtende likakanika na gulu la FACT na magulu ghanyake agho ghakwimikana nalo, kweniso na magulu gha wupu wa ŵanthu awo ŵakagomezganga kuti boma la ŵanthu liŵengeko yayi. Cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakakolerana yayi na phangano la mtende, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba yayi kuchezga. Nangauli pakaŵavya ŵakususka ŵanandi kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhumba yayi kuti paŵe kudumbiskana, kweni ŵakawona kuti ntchiwemi kusazgirako nyengo yakwendakwenda na kunyamura mavoti mpaka Okutobala 2024. Mu Malichi 2023, Déby wakagowokera ŵa FACT ŵakukwana 380, ndipo ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵakaŵa pakati pa ŵanthu 400+ awo ŵakakakika chifukwa cha nyifwa ya awiske.

### Chiwoneskelo cha Okutobala 2022
Pa 3 Okutobala, wupu wa Transitional Military Council ukati walekeska mavoti, ndipo pa 20 Okutobala, zuŵa lakwamba la mavoti, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakolerana na demokilase. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakachitanga viphikiro mu misumba ya N'Djamena na Moundou, ndipo ŵakalongozgekanga na Wakit Tamma na Succès Masra, mulongozgi wa chipani cha Les Transformateurs. Pakuzgora ku viyezgelero ivi, ŵasilikari ŵa boma ŵakacicizga ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga ndipo boma likakanizga ŵanthu kugwiliskira nchito Intaneti. Nkhaza zikamara na nyifwa ya ŵanthu pakati pa 50 na 200, kusazgapo Orédjé Narcisse, ndipo ŵanthu 600 ŵakakakika.  Pa ŵanthu 600+ aŵa, 342 ŵakakakika na kuŵikika mu jele vyaka 1 m'paka 3. Pamanyuma, zuŵa ili likamanyikwa kuti "Lachinayi Wakufipa" cifukwa ca nkhaza izo zikacitikanga. Pamanyuma pa viwawa ivi, Déby wakapa mulandu ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga viwawa ivi na awo ŵakachitanga. Pambuyo pa zionetserozo, zipani za chipani chotsutsa zinayimitsidwa, pakati pawo Les Transformateurs ndi Tchadi Socialist Party. 

### France yikukhozgera upharazgi
Nangauli muwuso wa Déby ukaŵa wambura demokilase, kweni wakapokera wovwiri ukuru ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi, comenecomene ku France, caru ico cikakolerana na Tchad. Emmanuel Macron wakaluta ku dindi la Idriss Déby, uko wakalayizga wovwiri wake ku boma la Déby na kukhazikika kwa Chad, uko France yikakhozga kwizira mu Operation Barkhane, uko kukaŵa ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 5,000 ŵa ku France mu Sahel, na ofesi yawo yikuru mu Chad. Déby wakizaso kwa Macron ku Elysee Palace mu Juni 2021, uko wose ŵaŵiri ŵakadumbiskana vya kusintha kwa ndyali mu Chad. Nangauli boma la France likamalizga ntchito ya Barkhane mu 2021, kweni likuleka yayi kovwira boma la Déby ndipo likulutilira kuŵika ŵasilikari mu chigaŵa ichi. 

## Wonaniso
*Military of Chad

## Ukaboni