Mbiri ya Zanzibar

Ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu Zanzibar kwa vilimika 20,000. Mbiri ya caru ici yikamba apo virwa ivi vikazgoka malo agho ŵamalonda ŵakendangamo pa ulendo wawo pakati pa Africa Great Lakes, Somali Peninsula, Arabia Peninsula, Iran, na India. Unguja wakaŵa na dowoko lakuvikilirika, ntheura nangauli ku virwa ivi kukaŵavya vinthu vinandi vyakuzirwa, kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Oman na Yemen ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Zanzibar. Ŵakazenga misasa pa virwa ivi na kuzenga masisiteri ghakwamba mu chigaŵa cha ku Africa.

Mu nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵakasandanga malo, ufumu wa Portugal ndiwo ukaŵa wakwamba kulamulira Zanzibar. Mu 1698, Zanzibar yikakhwaskika na boma la Oman, ilo likagwiliskiranga ntchito malonda na vyakurya vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima vyakununkhira pa malo agha. Lekani ŵakamba kuchema virwa ivi kuti Spice Islands. Cinthu cinyake cikuru ico ŵakaguliskanga ni mino gha zovu agho ŵakakomanga mu caru ca Tanganyika. Chigaŵa chacitatu ico cikapangiska kuti caru ici ciŵe na ndalama zinandi ni ŵazga. Fumu ya Zanzibar yikaŵa na mazaza pa chigaŵa chikuru cha mumphepete mwa Nyanja Yikuru ya ku Africa, icho chikachemekanga Zanj.

Nyengo zinyake, mwakucepa, nyengo zinyake mwamabuci, ufumu wa Britain ukamba kuwusa Zanzibar. Mu 1890, charu cha Zanzibar chikaŵa pasi pa Britain. Kufwa kwa fumu yimoza na kuwusa kwa fumu yinyakeso iyo Ŵacigiriki ŵakakondwa nayo yayi, kukacitiska nkhondo ya Anglo-Zanzibar, iyo yikucemekaso kuti nkhondo yifupi comene mu mdauko.

Virwa ivi vikafwatuka ku boma la Britain mu Disembala 1963. Pakati pajumpha mwezi umoza, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Zanzibar ŵakakomeka, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku India na Ŵaarabu ŵakachimbizgika. Mu Epulero, caru ici cikasazgikana na caru cikuru ca Tanganyika, panji kuti Tanzania. Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, ku Zanzibar kwacitika vivulupi vya ndyali cifukwa ca masankho, ndipo mu 2001 kukacitika nkhondo yikuru.

## Nkhani za mu nyengo yakale

Ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu Zanzibar kwambira mu nyengo ya paleolitiki. Mu 2005, ŵakafukura mu mphanji ya Kuumbi, kumwera kwa Zanzibar, ndipo ŵakasanga visulo vikuruvikuru vya malibwe ivyo vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu mphanji iyi vyaka 22,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵasayansi awo ŵakasanga mphanji ya malibwe ghakukhoma ŵakagwiliskira ntchito nthowa za radiocarbon kuti ŵasimikizge kuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu malo agha kufuma cha m'ma 2800 B.C.E. m'paka mu 1 C.E. (Chami 2006). Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikulongora kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha, ni mphete za galasi. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti pakwenera kuti pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakendanga mu nyanja.

Palije mphanji iyo yilipo pa Zanzibar iyo yikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu ŵakagwiranga ntchito ya kulima na kupanga visulo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1000 C.E. Ku Zanzibar, pali ukaboni wakulongora kuti kukaŵa ŵanthu ŵakulima na ŵantchito ŵa visulo awo ŵakaŵako pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1000 C.E. Ukaboni uwu ukulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakamba kuzenga matawuni mu malo agha. Uwu ukaŵa ukaboni wakwambilira chomene kuluska ukaboni uwo ulipo wakuti kukaŵa matawuni mu vigaŵa vinyake vya mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Swahili. Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga ku Zanzibar ŵakaŵa ŵasekuru ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Hadimu na Tumbatu, awo ŵakamba kwiza kufuma ku Africa cha m'ma 1000 C.E. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵa mafuko ghakupambanapambana gha Bantu, ndipo ŵakakhalanga mu mizi yichoko waka ku Zanzibar. Cifukwa cakuti ŵakaŵavya gulu lakuŵawovwira, ŵanthu ŵa kuwaro ŵakaŵawusanga pasi.

## Early Trade Routes

Vinthu vyakale vya dongo vikulongora kuti kale ŵanthu ŵa ku Sumeriya na Asiriya ŵakendanga mu nthowa zakwendera ku Zanzibar. Chidindo chakale icho ŵakasanga kufupi na Eshnunna. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2500-2400 B.C.E., ŵanthu ŵakamba kugura copal kufuma ku Zanzibar.

Ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku Arabia (kanandi ku Yemen), ku Persian Gulf ku Iran (makamaka ku Shiraz), na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa India, ŵakwenera kuti ŵakaluta ku Zanzibar mu vyaka vya m'ma 100 C.E., ndipo ŵalondezgi ŵawo ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Somalia. Ŵakenda mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean na mphepo za mu nyengo ya vula, ndipo ŵakafika pa dowoko ilo sono ni tawuni ya Zanzibar. Nangauli virwa ivi vikaŵa na vinthu vichoko waka ivyo ŵamalonda ŵakasanganga, kweni vikaŵa makora kuti ŵendepo na kwendera misumba yinyake ya mumphepete mwa Nyanja ya Swahili. Nyengo yinyake, ŵanthu ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito malibwe mu ntchito ya kuzenga mu Africa.

"Mwenyi Mkuu", fumu yaumaliro ya Zanzibar

Ŵamalonda ŵakamba kukhazikika ku Zanzibar mu vyaka vya m'ma 1100 panji 1200 C.E., ndipo ŵakatorana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Paumaliro, muwusi munyake (uyo wakamanyikwanga na zina lakuti Mwenyi Mkuu panji Jumbe) wakawuka pakati pa Ŵadimu. Nangauli wose ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghachoko, kweni ŵakakhozga mtundu wawo.

Ŵanthu ŵa ku Yemen ŵakazenga nyumba yakwamba ya chisopa ku Kizimkazi, tawuni yakumwera chomene ya Unguja. Pa mihrab yake pali kulembeka kuti AH 500, ndiko kuti, Mu 1107 C.E.

Pakaŵaso mizi iyo ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga pamoza.

## Ufumu wa Portugal
Mu 1499, Vasco da Gama wakafika ku Spain. Mu 1503 panji 1504, Zanzibar wakazgoka chigaŵa cha Ufumu wa Portugal apo Kaputeni Ruy Lourenço Ravasco Marques wakafika na kupempha na kupokera msonkho kufuma kwa sultan pakusintha mtende. Zanzibar wakalutilira kulamulirika na Portugal kwa vilimika pafupifupi 200.

## Ufumu wa Zanzibar

Mu 1698, Zanzibar yikaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa Sultan wa Oman. Ŵapwitikizi ŵakachimbizgika, ndipo malonda gha ŵazga ghakaŵa ghakovwira chomene. Pakuti msumba wa Stone Town (mzinda ukuru wa Zanzibar) ukaŵa na dowoko liwemi comene ndiposo maji ghawemi, ukazgoka msumba ukuru comene na usambazi comene mu vyaru vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa. Pa nyengo iyo boma la Oman likalamuliranga, malo ghose ghakupambika makora ghakapelekeka ku ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵa ku Oman awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito ŵalimi. Caka cilicose, maboti ghanandi ghakayeghanga nyanja ya Indian Ocean kufuma ku Arabia, Persia, na India na mphepo za mphepo izo zikufuma kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi. Para mphepo za mu nyengo ya mphepo zikwamba kuputa kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi mu Malichi panji Epulero, ŵamalonda aŵa ŵakanyamukanga na ngalaŵa zawo zakuzura na viswaswa vya visomba, makuni gha copal, makuni gha cindere, coconut, mpunga, njovu, na ŵazga. 

Ŵaarabu ŵakazenga misasa mu Zanzibar, Pemba, na Kilwa. Ufumu wa Ŵaarabu ukafika pachanya chomene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Sayyid Said (uyo wakachemekanga Sayyid Said bin Sultan al-Busaid), uyo mu 1840 wakasamuska msumba wake ukuru ku Muscat, Oman, na kuwuŵika ku Stone Town. Wakakhozga ŵanthu ŵa ku Arabia kuti ŵambe kulima viŵaya, na kugwiliskira ntchito ŵazga ŵa pa chirwa ichi. Ŵamalonda ŵa ku India ndiwo ŵakamba kuguliska vinthu mu Zanzibar, ndipo Said wakaŵachiska kuti ŵakhalenge pa chirwa ichi. Pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake mu 1856, ŵana ŵake ŵakamba kulimbana kuti ŵaŵe na mazaza. Pa Epulero 6, 1861, Zanzibar na Oman vikagaŵika kuŵa mafumu ghaŵiri. Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid (wakababika mu 1834 m'paka mu 1870), mwana wake wa nambara sikisi, wakaŵa Sultan wa Zanzibar, apo mwana wake wacitatu, Sayyid Thuwaini bin Said al-Said, wakaŵa Sultan wa Oman.

Ŵanthu awo ŵakuluta ku Zanzibar ŵakutemwa kuyowoya vya malo agha. Mu 1856, Richard Francis Burton, uyo wakacitanga kafukufuku wa ku Britain, wakati: "Charu, nyanja, na mtambo vikawoneka nga vyapumulika mwakukondwa... Nyanja ya safiro yituŵa, iyo yikaŵa kuti yindafumirepo na kuŵala kwake kwa buluu mu mlengalenga... yikaŵa pasi pa ungweru wa dazi uwo ukakhwaska chinthu chilichose na golide". Ku msumba uwu kukaŵaso minara yituŵa ya masisiteri na nyumba za themba mu tawuni ya Stone Town. Awo ŵakafika pafupi ŵakalongosora kuti msumba wa Stone Town ukaŵa na sungu liheni comene, ukaŵa na mvuchi wa vyoto vya ŵanthu na vinyama, vimbundi, na vitanda vyakubisika. Munthu munyake wakucemeka Dr. Mu 1866, David Livingstone wakati wakukhala mu tawuni ya Stone Town, wakalemba mu buku lake la vyakumasinda kuti: "Mzimu uheni uwo ukufuma mu nyanja iyo yili pafupi na tawuni iyi ngwakofya comene. Panji tingati Stinkabar m'malo mwa Zanzibar". Padera pa kununkha kwa malo agha, ŵalendo ŵakalongosora kuti mu tawuni iyi mukaŵa ŵazga ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa pafupi kufwa na njara.

Mu vyaru vyose vya Zanzibar, ŵazga ndiwo ŵakasanganga ndalama zinandi comene, ndipo ŵanthu wose ŵafipa awo ŵakakhalanga pa cirwa ici ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu. Ŵazga aŵa ŵakaŵatolera ku Zanzibar mu maboti, ndipo ŵakaŵakakiliranga pamoza kwambura kuŵaghanaghanira. Ŵanandi ŵakapona yayi pa ulendo wa ku Zanzibar. Ŵakati ŵafika ku Zanzibar, ŵazga ŵakaŵavura malaya ghose, ŵakaŵatozga, ŵakaŵavwalika mafuta gha kokosoni, ndipo ŵakaŵachichizganga kuvwara mabangili ghagolide na siliva agho pakaŵa zina la munthu uyo wakaguliskanga ŵazga. Pa nyengo iyi, ŵazga ŵakacicizgika kwenda nkhule mu msewu wa Stone Town uku ŵazga ŵakugomezgeka ŵa awo ŵakaŵaguliskanga ŵazga ŵakunyamura malupanga panji mikondo m'paka apo munthu munyake wakalongolera kuti wakunweka. Mulongozgi wa ngaraŵa ya East India Company uyo wakaluta ku Zanzibar mu 1811 ndipo wakawona umo ŵanthu aŵa ŵakendanga, wakalemba umo munthu munyake uyo wakaguranga ŵazga wakawoneranga ŵazga: 

Chaka chilichose, ŵazga pafupifupi 40,000-50,000 ŵakatolekera ku Zanzibar. Pafupifupi cigaŵa cacitatu ca ŵanthu aŵa ŵakagwiranga nchito mu minda ya zinandi na ya kokosoni mu Zanzibar na Pemba, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakaluta ku Peresiya, Arabia, Ufumu wa Ottoman na Eguputo. Vinthu vikaŵa makora yayi pa malo agha mwakuti pafupifupi 30% ya ŵazga ŵanalume ŵakafwanga chaka chilichose. Ŵaarabu ŵa ku Oman awo ŵakalongozganga charu cha Zanzibar ŵakayowoya mazgu gha Donald K. Petterson "visambizgo vya nkhaza", apo ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kugwiliskira ntchito nkongono zawo kuti ŵamazge masuzgo. Mbumba ya al-Busaid iyo yikaŵa na mazaza yikaŵa na mphindano chifukwa ŵabali ŵakakomanga ŵanyawo. Kanandi awo ŵakizanga ku Zanzibar ŵakayowoyanga za "nkhaza zikuru" izo mabwana gha Ŵaarabu ghakacitiranga ŵazga ŵawo. Nkhaza izo mabwana gha Ŵaarabu ghakacitiranga ŵazga ŵawo zikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kutinkhana comene, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kutinkhana mu 1964.

Fumu ya ku Zanzibar yikaŵa na mazaza pa chigaŵa chikuru cha mumphepete mwa Nyanja Yikuru ya ku Africa, icho chikachemekanga Zanj, kweniso pa nthowa zakwendamo malonda izo zikafika m'paka ku Kindu pa Mlonga wa Congo. Mu Novembala 1886, wupu wa ku Britain na Germany ukati Zanj ni mtunda wa makilomita 19 kufuma ku Cape Delgado (uko sono ni Mozambique) m'paka ku Kipini (uko sono ni Kenya). Ndipouli, kwamba mu 1887 m'paka 1892, vyaru vyose ivi vikaŵa pasi pa ufumu wa Britain, Germany, na Italy.

Kuumaliro wa ma 1800, Omani Sultan wa ku Zanzibar nayo wakati wakulongozga msumba wa Mogadishu ku Horn na kumwera kwa Somalia. Ndipouli, mazaza ghakaŵa mu mawoko gha ufumu wankhongono wa ku Somalia, Geledi Sultanate (uwo ukaŵa na mazaza pa Mlonga wa Jubba na chigaŵa cha Shebelle mukati mwa Somalia, ndipo ukaŵa pa nyengo yake yapachanya). Mu 1892, themba la Geledi, Osman Ahmed, likapeleka msumba uwu ku Italy. Paumaliro, ŵa ku Italy ŵakagura wanangwa wa kuwusa mu 1905, ndipo ŵakazgora msumba wa Mogadishu kuŵa msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa cha Somaliland.

Zanzibar wakaŵa wakumanyikwa pa caru cose cifukwa ca vyakununkhira na ŵazga ŵake. Mu vilimika vya m'ma 1800, caru ca Zanzibar cikamanyikwa pa caru cose, nga ni umo Petterson wakayowoyera kuti: "Cirwa ici cikaŵa na vyakununkhira vinandi, cikaŵa malo ghakofya gha wuzga, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakalutanga ku caru ici. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, mu Zanzibar mukaŵa ŵanthu pafupifupi 50,000 awo ŵakaguliskanga ŵazga. (David Livingstone wakati ŵazga ŵaphya 80,000 ŵakafwanga caka cilicose pambere ŵandafike pa cirwa ici.) Tippu wakaŵa wamalonda wa ŵazga wakumanyikwa comene, kweniso wakaŵa wamalonda, mweneko wa minda, ndiposo kazembe. Vyakununkhira vya ku Zanzibar vikakopanga ŵanthu kufuma ku vyaru vyakutali nga ni United States. Ufumu wa United Kingdom ukayamba kutemwa chomene charu cha Zanzibar cifukwa ca malonda kweniso kukhumba kumazga malonda gha ŵazga. Mu 1822, ŵa ku Britain ŵakacita phangano lakwamba na Sultan Said kuti ŵaleke kusuzga ŵanthu. Mu 1876, boma la Britain likakanizga kuguliska ŵazga, kweni ŵazga ŵakalutilira kuguliskika mu Zanzibar m'paka mu 1897.

Zanzibar ndiyo yikaŵa yakwamba kuŵa na sitima ya ku Africa iyo yikendanga na mphepo, apo Sultani Bargash bin Said wakalangura kuti paŵe galimoto ya 0-4-0 kuti yikwendere galimoto yake kufuma ku tawuni iyi kuya ku nyumba yake ya chihanya ku Chukwani. Yimoza mwa nyumba zakutowa comene izo ŵakazenga ni Nyumba ya Vyakuzizwiska, iyo lero njimoza mwa malo agho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuluta ku Zanzibar.

## Nkhongono na muwuso wa Britain

Ufumu wa Britain ukamba kuwusa; ubwezi uwu ukazomerezgeka na phangano la Heligoland-Zanzibar ilo likalembeka mu 1890. Phangano ili likapangiska kuti Zanzibar na Pemba viŵe vigaŵa vya Britain, ndipo Caprivi Strip (iyo sono ni Namibia) yikaŵa chigaŵa cha German South West Africa. Ufumu wa Britain ukendanga mwakuyana waka.

Hamad bin Thuwaini wakati wafwa pa 25 Ogasiti 1896, Khalid bin Bargash, mwana mulara wa Barghash ibn Sa'id, uyo wakaŵa fumu yachiŵiri, wakatora nyumba ya fumu na kujiphara kuti ndiyo ni fumu yiphya. Ivi vikapambana na ivyo boma la Britain likakhumbanga, ilo likakondwanga na Hamoud bin Mohammed. Ivi vikapangiska kuti pa 27 Ogasiti mulenji, paŵe nkhondo ya Anglo-Zanzibar. Wakakana, ndipo pa 9 koloko mulenji, maboti ghakamba kuwombera. Ŵasilikari ŵa Khalid ŵakamuwukira ndipo wakacimbilira ku ofesi ya boma ya Germany. Nkhondo iyi yikati yamara, pakaŵavya uyo wakazomerezgeka kurwa nkhondo. Hamud wakapharazgika kuŵa fumu yiphya ndipo mtende ukaŵaso. Mu 1897, wakazomerezga ivyo Britain likakhumbanga, ndipo wakalekeska malonda gha ŵazga ku Zanzibar. Mwana wa Hamoud, Ali, wakasambira ku Britain.

Kwambira mu 1913 m'paka mu 1963, apo boma la Britain likamba kujiyimira palokha, ŵanthu ŵakasankhanga ŵamazaza. Cimoza mwa vinthu vyakuzirwa comene ivyo Ŵacigiriki ŵakacita, nchakuti ŵakazenga maji ghakwenda makora, na malo ghakusungiramo viswaswa, mwakuti misewu ya ku Zanzibar yileke kununkha na vitanda, viswaswa, na viswaswa.

## Kujiyimira paŵekha na chipani

Pa 10 Disembala, 1963, Zanzibar yikapokera wanangwa wake kufuma ku United Kingdom nga ni boma lachifumu ilo likulongozgeka na Sultan. Vinthu ivi vikamara yayi, pakuti pa Janyuwale 12, 1964, themba la Zanzibar na boma lake ŵakathereskeka. Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti wa Republic of Zanzibar. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa Ŵaarabu (Ŵaarabu 5,000 m'paka 12,000 ŵa ku Zanzibar) na ŵa ku India ŵakakomeka ndipo ŵanyake ŵanandi ŵakakakika panji kuchimbizgika. Filimu ya Africa Addio yikulongosora nkhaza na kukoma ŵanthu ŵambura kuvikilirika ŵa mtundu wa Ciarabu.

Boma la ku Zanzibar likaŵa na maboma ghaŵiri, la Standard Bank na National na Grindlays Bank. Vinthu ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe Banki ya Zanzibar. Jetha Lila, banki yimoza ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar, yikajalika. Nangauli boma la Zanzibar likaŵachiska kuti ŵalutilire kugwira ntchito, kweni chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar ŵakaleka kugwiliskira ntchito malo agha, ŵakaleka kugwiliskira ntchito.

Cimoza mwa vinthu vikuru ivyo vikacitika cifukwa ca kugaluka kwa Zanzibar cikaŵa kuti ŵathereske mazaza gha ŵamazaza ŵa Ŵaarabu na ŵa ku Asia, awo ŵakaŵa na mazaza kwa vilimika pafupifupi 200.Nangauli charu ichi chikasazgikana na charu cha Tanganyika, kweni Zanzibar chikalutilira kuŵa na wupu wa Revolutionary Council na House of Representatives. Boma la Zanzibar likulongozgeka na pulezidenti, ndipo Karume ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba. Boma ili likagwiliskira nchito ivyo vikacitika pa nyengo ya kugaluka kuti licitiske kusintha vinthu mu caru cose. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi vikaŵa vya kuwuskako mazaza gha Ŵaarabu. Mwaciyelezgero, nchito ya boma ya ku Zanzibar yikazgoka cigaŵa ca ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, ndipo caru cikagaŵikaso ku Ŵaarabu na ŵa ku Africa. Boma likambaso kusintha vinthu pa umoyo wa ŵanthu, nga ni wovwiri wa wupu wakuwona vya umoyo wa ŵanthu wose na kujura masambiro ku ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵa ku Africa (awo ŵakaŵa na malo 12% pera pa masukulu gha sekondare pambere nkhondo yindambe).

Boma likapempha wovwiri ku Soviet Union, German Democratic Republic (GDR), na P. R. Ku China, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhumba ndalama zakwendeskera mapulojekiti ghanandi na kupeleka ulongozgi wa vya nkhondo. Ntchito zinandi izo zikendeskeka na DDR zikathera yayi, kusazgapo ntchito ya New Zanzibar Project, iyo yikaŵa ndondomeko ya kuzenga tawuni mu 1968 kuti ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Zanzibar ŵasange nyumba. Boma la Zanzibar likati lapulikiska ivyo vikachitika, ŵakamba kumususka kuti wakuŵa na wanangwa wakwendakwenda, kweniso kuti wakutemwa ŵabali ŵake. Ŵanthu ŵakakondwa yayi na boma apo Karume wakakomeka pa Epulero 7, 1972. Mu 1992, boma la Zanzibar likamba kwendera ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi, kweni likalutilira kusuzgika na milandu ya vimbundi.

Ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar na ŵasayansi ŵakukondwa chomene na ivyo vikachitika pa nyengo ya nkhondo iyi. Ŵakulemba mdauko ŵakasanda umo vinthu vikaŵira pa nyengo iyi, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakagalukira ŵamazaza awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake. Ŵanyake ŵakususka fundo iyi ndipo ŵakuyiwona nga ni nkhani ya ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghanyake.

Mu Zanzibar, cipandano ni cinthu cakuzirwa comene ca cikaya, ico cikulongosora za kufwatulika kwa ŵakayidi 545 pa cilimika ca nambara 10 na ungano wa ŵasilikari pa cilimika ca nambara 40. Zuŵa la Zanzibar Revolution Day laŵikika kuŵa holide na boma la Tanzania; likukondwelereka pa 12 January chaka chilichose.

## Mgwilizano na Tanganyika

Pa 26 Epulero, 1964, charu cha Tanganyika chikasazgikana na Zanzibar kuti chiŵe United Republic of Tanganyika na Zanzibar. Zina ili likasazgikira na kuŵa United Republic of Tanzania pa 29 Okutobala, 1964. Pamanyuma pa kuwungana kwa vyaru ivi, pulezidenti Abeid Amani Karume ndiyo wakalaŵiliranga vinthu vya mu charu ichi. Charu cha Zanzibar chikulutilira kuŵa chigaŵa cha Tanzania.

Malo gha Zanzibar ghakuyana waka na Hong Kong nga umo ŵasayansi ŵanyake ŵakuyowoyera.

Nyumba ya Wupu Wakulongozga ya Zanzibar yikakhazikiskika mu 1980. Pambere ivi vindachitike, wupu wa Revolutionary Council ukaŵa na udindo wa executive na legislative kwa vyaka 16 pamanyuma pa Zanzibar Revolution mu 1964.

## Chaka vyasono
Mu Zanzibar muli vipani vinandi, kweni vipani vikuru comene ni Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) na Civic United Front (CUF). Kwambira mu ma 1990, ndyali za ku virwa ivi zikuŵa na mphindano pakati pa magulu ghaŵiri agha. Mavoti gha mavoti agho ghakacitika mu nyengo ya mavoti gha vipani vinandi ghakaŵa agha:

Pa 27 Janyuwale, 2001, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka chifukwa cha masankho agho ghakachitika mu Okutobala 2000. Ŵasilikari aŵa, pamoza na ŵalara ŵa chipani na ŵasilikari, ŵakaluta ku nyumba na nyumba, kukora ŵanthu, kuŵatimba, na kuŵachitira nkhaza. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,000 ŵakachimbilira ku Kenya.

Nkhondo yikambaso pamanyuma pa chisankho chinyake icho chikachitika pa Okutobala 31, 2005, ndipo CUF yikati yikapokeka njombe yake. Ŵanthu 9 ŵakafwa.

Pamanyuma pa 2005, vyaru viŵiri ivi vikamba kudumbiskana vya kumazga suzgo na kukolerana kuti vigaŵane mazaza, kweni vikabudiska. Pa maungano agha, ghakuzirwa chomene ghakachitika mu Epulero 2008, apo CUF yikafumapo pa thebulu la kudumbiskirana pamanyuma pakuti CCM yikapempha kuti paŵe referendamu kuti yikhozgere ivyo vikaŵa nga vyachitika kale.

Mu Novembala 2009, purezidenti wakale wa Zanzibar, Amani Abeid Karume, wakakumana na mulembi mukuru wa CUF, Seif Sharif Hamad ku State House kuti ŵakadumbiskane umo ŵangaponoskera Zanzibar ku masuzgo gha ndyali munthazi na kumazga ukali pakati pawo. Ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo ŵa ku United States, ŵakakondwa na ivyo ŵakacita. Aka kakaŵa kakwamba kufuma apo boma la Zanzibar likambira kulamulira na vipani vinandi kuti CUF yizomerezge Karume kuŵa pulezidenti wa Zanzibar.

Pa Julayi 31, 2010, ŵanthu 66,2 pa 100 ŵakakolerana na fundo yakuti paŵe kusintha malango gha charu cha Zanzibar kuti vipani vyakwimikana vipangenge maboma gha umoza.

Mazuŵa ghano, chipani cha Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendois (ACT-Wazalendo) chikuwoneka nga ni chipani chikuru chakususka boma la Zanzibar. Dango la Zanzibar likukhumba kuti chipani icho chizamunjira pa chiŵiri mu mavoti, chiŵe mu wupu wakukolerana na chipani icho chizamupambana. ACT-Wazalendo adalumikizana ndi boma la mgwirizano ndi chipani cholamulira cha Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Disembala 2020 pambuyo pa zisankho za Zanzibar.

## Mndandanda wa ŵakumulira

### Mafumu gha Zanzibar

# Majid bin Said (1856–1870)
# Barghash bin Said (1870–1888)
# Khalifah bin Said (1888–1890)
# Ali bin Said (1890–1893)
# Hamad bin Thuwaini (1893–1896)
# Khalid bin Barghash (1896)
# Hamud bin Muhammed (1896–1902)
# Ali bin Hamud (1902–1911) (abdicated)
# Khalifa bin Harub (1911–1960)
# Abdullah bin Khalifa (1960–1963)
# Jamshid bin Abdullah (1963–1964)

### Viziers

# Sir Lloyd William Matthews, (1890 to 1901)
# A.S. Rogers, (1901 to 1906)
# Arthur Raikes, (1906 to 1908)
# Francis Barton, (1906 to 1913)

### British residents

# Francis Pearce, (1913 to 1922)
# John Sinclair, (1922 to 1923)
# Alfred Hollis, (1923 to 1929)
# Richard Rankine, (1929 to 1937)
# John Hall, (1937 to 1940)
# Henry Pilling, (1940 to 1946)
# Vincent Glenday, 1946 to 1951)
# John Rankine, (1952 to 1954)
# Henry Steven Potter, (1955 to 1959)
# Arthur George Mooring, (1959 to 1963)

## Wonaniso

* Timeline of Zanzibar City

## Ukaboni

## Vyakulemba vinyake

* .*.
* .
* Petterson, D. (2002) *Revolution In Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale*, New York: Westview. 
* .
* .

## Vigaŵa vya kuwalo

* Excerpt from: ''Race, Revolution and the Struggle for Human Rights in Zanzibar'' by Thomas Burgess
*