Chipani cha Movement for Multi-Party Democracy

Chipani cha **Movement for Multi-party Democracy** (MMD) chakucemekaso New Hope MMD,ni chipani cha ndyali mu Zambia. Gulu ili likapangika kuti liwuskeko boma lakale la Zambia, ndipo likaŵa na wanandi wa ŵanthu mu nyumba ya malango pakati pa 1991 na 2001, apo Frederick Chiluba wakaŵa pulezidenti wa Zambia. Mu 1991, boma ili likati lakhala ku wupu wa United National Independence Party (UNIP), likamalizga muwuso wa vyaka 27. Likalutilira kuŵa chipani chikuru chomene mu Zambia m'paka pa chisankho cha mu 2011.

## Mbiri

### Kupangika na boma
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasuskanga umo UNIP yikugwilira ntchito, cifukwa ca masuzgo gha vya cuma na vimbundi. Mu chaka chenechicho, Kaunda wakazomerezga kuti paŵe referendum ya boma la chipani chimoza, kweni chifukwa cha kugaluka, wakaleka.

Pa Okutobala 31, 1991, pakaŵa mavoti gha vyaru vinandi ndipo boma la MMD likasanga mazaza. Chiluba wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti na mavoti 76% kwa Kaunda 24%, apo MMD yikapokera vithuzithuzi 125 pa vithuzithuzi 150 mu National Assembly. Ndipouli, paumaliro wa nyengo yakwamba ya Chiluba ya vyaka vinkhondi pakuŵa pulezidenti, chilato cha MMD cha kunozga ndyali chikaŵa kuti chachepa chifukwa cha kukhumba kuwuskikaso ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumanyikwa ŵakafumapo na kwamba maboma ghanyake.

Pakuthemba pa chiŵelengero chikuru cha MMD mu nyumba ya malango, Pulezidenti Chiluba mu mwezi wa Meyi 1996 wakakhwimiska kusintha kwa dango ilo likawuskapo Pulezidenti wakale Kaunda na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵakumanyikwa ŵa chipani cha opposition mu mavoti gha 1996. Pa cifukwa ici, UNIP yikakanira mavoti, ndipo Chiluba wakasankhika na 73% ya mavoti, apo MMD yikapokera vithuzi 131 pa vithuzi 150 mu National Assembly. Kweni pamasinda, vyaru vinyake na mawupu ghanyake ghakupambanapambana ghakati maungano agha ghakaŵa ghambura urunji.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2001, othandizira Purezidenti Chiluba adakhazikitsa kampeni yosintha lamulo kuti athandize Chiluba kufunafuna nthawi yachitatu; kampeniyi idatsogolera ku ziphuphu zina kuchokera ku MMD, kuphatikiza Forum for Democracy and Development ndi Heritage Party. Paumaliro, wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu, vyaru vyakususka, na mamembala ghanyake gha MMD ŵakamucicizga Chiluba kuti waleke kuyezgapo nyengo yacitatu.

Levy Mwanawasa wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa MMD pa mavoti gha 2001, ndipo wakathereska na 28% pera. Nangauli MMD yikalutilira kuŵa chipani cikuru comene mu Nyumba ya Malango, kweni yikaluza unandi wake cifukwa ca kuchepeskeka ku vithuzithuzi 69. Vipani vitatu vikadandawura ku Khoti Likuru la ku Georgia kuti vimbenge ivyo vikachitika. Khoti likalutilira kughanaghanira pempho ili mu Febuluwale 2003, ndipo likadumura kuti nangauli pakaŵa vinthu vinyake ivyo vikaŵa vyambura kwenelera, kweni vikaŵa vikuru yayi kuti vikhwaske ivyo vikachitika. Mwanawasa wakasankhika ku mavoti gha 2006 na 43% apo MMD yikapokera vithuzi 72 mu National Assembly.

Pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Mwanawasa mu Ogasiti 2008, mavoti gha ku mphala ya malango ghakachitika. Rupiah Banda wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa MMD, ndipo wakasankhika na 40% ya mavoti gha chalo chose, wakatonda Michael Sata wa Patriotic Front (PF) na mphaka ya 2%.

### Kususka
Ndipouli, pa zisankho za 2011, Sata wakatimba Banda na mphambano ya 42% ⁇ 35%, apo MMD yikapoka viphara 55 pera mu Nyumba ya Malamulo apo PF yikakhala na vipo 60.

## Kusankha kwa Pulezidenti kwa 2015
Mu 2015, apo pakaŵa chisankho cha mu boma, Pulezidenti wakale wa chipani cha Rwanda, Rupiah Banda, wakawerako ku ntchito ya ndale ndipo wakati wazamuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani ichi para wasankha, apo chipano ichi chachitiska kuti chiŵe mulongo wa chalo ichi.

Ciweruzo ici cikacitika masabata ghaŵiri pambere pa ungano wa cigaŵa wandachitike ndipo cifukwa ca kuti MPD iyo yikaŵa na Dr. Mumba, yikapokera 0.9%.

## Msonkhano wa 2016 wa zachiwawa za MMD
Mu Meyi 2016, gulu la ŵanthu awo kale ŵakaŵa ŵa MMD ndipo ŵakachimbizgika likasankha Felix Mutati kuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani ichi pa ungano wa ku Mulungushi Rock of Authority ku Kabwe, apo chipano ichi chikalutilira kovwira Nevers Mumba.

## Ivyo Mweruzgi Newa Wakapeleka
Pa Novembala 9, 2019, Mweruzgi wa Khoti Likuru Sharon Newa, uyo wakakhalanga ku Lusaka, wakati phangano ilo likasankha Felix Mutati kuŵa Mudangiliri wa chipani likaŵa lakupelekeka yayi ndipo vyeruzgo vyose ivyo vikachitika pakati pa nyengo iyi na zuŵa lira vikaŵa vyambura kuzirwa.

## Mbiri ya chisankho

### Kusankha kwa Pulezidenti

### National Assembly elections

## Ukaboni