open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Goodbye Lullaby

***Goodbye Lullaby*** i alibamu ya vumune ya studio hi xiyimbeleri na mutsari wa tinsimu wa le Canada Avril Lavigne . Yi humesiwile emisaveni hinkwayo hi March 2, 2011 hi ku tirhisa RCA Records . Minkarhi yo rhekhoda alibamu leyi yi sungurile hi Nyenyankulu 2008 naswona yi ye emahlweni eka nkarhi wa kwalomu ka malembe mambirhi, yi hela hi Khotavuxika 2010. *Goodbye Lullaby* ngopfu ngopfu i alibamu ya pop rock naswona yi tekiwa tani hi rhekhodo yo ti languta swinene kusuka eka Lavigne loko yi pimanisiwa na swilo swa yena swa khale, leswi vumbiwaka ngopfu hi swichayachayana leswi hluvuriweke swofana na piyano na katara ya acoustic . Lavigne u teke xiave xa nkoka eka vuhumelerisi bya alibamu naswona u tsarile swin’we na risimu rin’wana na rin’wana ro sungula eka *Goodbye Lullaby*, xikan’we na ku tirhisana na vahumelerisi vo hlayanyana ku katsa na Max Martin, Shellback, Butch Walker, na khale ka nuna wa yena Deryck Whibley . *Goodbye Lullaby* i alibamu ya vunharhu na yo hetelela ya Lavigne ya studio na RCA, endzhaku ka *[[The Best Damn Thing]]* (2007) na *[[Under My Skin]]* (2004).

Loko yi humesiwa, *Goodbye Lullaby* hi ntolovelo yi amukerile swibumabumelo swo hambana hambana kusuka eka vaxopaxopi va vuyimbeleri, laha van’wana va yi thyeke vito ra alibamu ya yena ya munhu hi xiyexe na ku ti languta loko van’wana va teke mhaka ya mpfumawulo wa yona lowu hungutekeke na nhundzu ya Lavigne ya vuyimbeleri. Alibamu leyi yi sungule endzeni ka ntlhanu wa le henhla eka matiko yo tlula 15 yo fana na United States na Canada (laha ku sukela kwalaho yi nga tiyisisiwa nsuku) naswona yi ve ehenhla ka tichati eka matiko yo tlula tsevu, ku fana na Australia, Greece, Hong Kong na Japan .

*Goodbye Lullaby* yi xavise tikopi ta 1.5 wa timiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo ku sukela hi 2013.  Ti single tinharhu ti humesiwile eka *Goodbye Lullaby* . " What the Hell " yi humesiwile tani hi single yo rhangela hi Ndzhati 2011 naswona yi fikelerile ku humelela eka tichati ta misava hinkwayo, yi fika eka 20 wa le henhla eUnited States na United Kingdom, khume ra le henhla eYuropa na Australia na ntlhanu wa le henhla eAsia. Ti single leti landzelaka, " Smile " na " Wish You Were Here ", ti vile na ku humelela loku ringaneleke eka tichati emisaveni hinkwayo. Alibamu leyi yi tlhela yi katsa ndlela leyi andlariweke ya single ya soundtrack ya *[[Alice in Wonderland]]* (2010), leyi nga na nhlokomhaka leyi nge " Alice ". Lavigne u tlakusile alibamu leyi hi nxaxamelo wa vuyimbeleri byo hanya naswona endzhaku u sungurile eka Black Star Tour (2011).
Lalisa (albamu yin'we) .

***Lalisa*** (stylized in all caps ) i alibamu yo sungula ya single hi muyimbeleri wa rhep, xiyimbeleri na mucinci wa le Thailand Lisa, xirho xa ntlawa wa vanhwanyana wa le Korea Dzonga Blackpink . Yi humesiwile hi ti 10 ta September 2021, hi YG Entertainment na Interscope Records . Alibamu leyi i rhekhodo ya hip hop leyi humesiweke hi Teddy, 24, na R.Tee naswona yi amukerile swibumabumelo swo hambanahambana hi vaxopaxopi.

The physical version debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart, yi hundzuka alibamu leyi xavisiwaka ngopfu hi muyimbeleri wa xisati loyi a nga yexe eka matimu ya chati. *Lalisa* u tlhele a veka rhekhodo ya ku xavisiwa ka le henhla ka vhiki ro sungula eka swiendlo hinkwaswo swa xisati hi 736,221 wa tikopi leti xavisiweke, loko mutirhi kulobye wa yena Jisoo a nga si tshovela rhekhodo. Yi tiyisisiwile double platinum hi Korea Music Content Association (KMCA) hi November 2021 hiku xavisa 500,000 wa tikopi, naswona endzhaku yi tiyisisiwile triple platinum hi August 2023 hiku xavisa 750,000 wa tikopi.

" Lalisa " yi humesiwile tani hi lead single hi siku leri album yi humesiweke ha rona. Risimu leri ri sungule eka nomboro ya vumbirhi eka *Billboard* Global 200 na nomboro ya 84 eka US *Billboard* Hot 100 . Risimu ra B-side " Money " ri rhumeriwile eka US contemporary hit radio hi ti 9 ta Nyenyankulu endzhaku ka ku humelela ka rona hi xitsongwatsongwana naswona ri fikelele nhlohlorhi eka nomboro ya 10 eka *Billboard* Global 200 na nomboro ya 90 eka US *Billboard* Hot 100. Hi lembe ra 2023, *Lalisa* u kumile Guinness World Record hiku va alibamu yosungula hi solo K-pop artist ku fikelela biliyoni yin’we ya swihambukelo eka Spotify.
Nxaxamelo wa matiko ya Afrika hi ku ya hi nhlayo ya vaaki

Leyi i **nxaxamelo wa matiko ya Afrika na ku titshega hi ku tala ka vaaki** eka vaaki/km 2 . Saint Helena, leswi yi nga ekusuhi swinene na Afrika, yi katsiwile.
Jimmy Uso

**Jonathan Solofa Fatu** (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 22 ta August 1985) i mutlangi wa xiphurofexinali wa le Amerika . Sweswi u sayiniwile eka WWE, laha a tlangaka ehansi ka vito ra ring **Jimmy Uso**, naswona hikokwalaho ka xiyimo xa yena xa "free agent", anga endla ku humelela eka brands ya Raw na SmackDown, kambe sweswi anga tirhi hikokwalaho ka ku vaviseka lokunga paluxiwangiki. U hete nkarhi wo tala wa ntirho wa yena na makwavo wa yena wa mawele Jey Uso tani hi The Usos . I xirho xa ndyangu wa ndhuma wa wrestling wa Anoaʻi . Rixaka ra yena ra ngati ri katsa tata wa yena Rikishi, muzala wa yena Roman Reigns na vamalume va yena lavakulu va Wild Samoans .

U leteriwe kusukela evuhlangini hi tata wa yena, WWE Hall of Famer Rikishi, Fatu u sungule ku tlanga eka ndzhawu ya WWE ya nkarhi walowo ya nhluvukiso Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) hi 2010, naswona u wrestled tani hi Jimmy Uso etlhelo ka makwavo wa yena wa mawele, Jey tani hi The Uso Brothers laha vanga hundzuka FCW Florida Tag Tinghwazi ta Xipano . Yena na Jey va rhurhiseriwe eka nxaxamelo lowukulu endzhaku ka lembe rero. Loko va ha ri eka nxaxamelo lowukulu, yena na Jey va lawuriwe hi muzala wa vona Tamina Snuka na nsati wa Jimmy, Naomi . 

Hi nkarhi wa yena tani hi xiphemu xa The Usos, etlhelo ka Jey, Fatu uwine sagwadi ro khoma rhekhodo ya ku fuma ko leha swinene ka vumpfampfarhuti bya tag team ya xinuna eka matimu ya WWE eka masiku ya 622, leswi swi hetisisiweke eka ku fuma ka vona ka vuntlhanu hi WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship .  Hi ku angarhela i tinhenha ta tag team ta tsevu eka WWE, va teke WWE Raw Tag Team Championship kanharhu naswona va hlule Sagwadi ra Slammy ra Tag Team of the Year eka 2014 na 2015. Hi lembe ra 2017, va hlule eka SmackDown Tag Team Championship eka minkarhi yinharhu, ku landzela ku fuma ka vumune hi 2019 na ku fuma ka vuntlhanu hi 2021. I xipano xo sungula ku hlula eka Raw na SmackDown Tag Team Championships naswona i xipano xo sungula ku va khoma hi nkarhi wun'we tanihi Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship .
Tufted jay

**Tufted jay** ( ***Cyanocorax dickeyi*** ), leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi painted jay na Dickey’s jay, i muxaka wa xinyenyana xa ndyangu wa ti crow Corvidae . Yi kumeka endhawini leyitsongo ya Sierra Madre Occidental ya Sinaloa, Durango na Nayarit eMexico. Jay leyikulu leyi hambaneke, yina crest ya ntima leyi vonakaka enhlokweni ya yona; nkolo wa wasi wa xivunguvungu, timpapa ni xikandza; xivati xo basa ehenhla ka tihlo ni le marhameni; swiphemu swa le hansi swo basa; ni ncila lowu nga ni xiphemu xo basa. Ku vitaniwa ka yona loku tolovelekeke i ku hatlisa, ku humesa rito ra tinotsi ta mune.

Vuxaka exikarhi ka tufted jay na swirho swin’wana swa muxaka wa *Cyanocorax* swive mhaka leyi tsakeriwaka kusukela loko muxaka lowu wu hlamuseriwa rosungula hi 1935. Hikwalaho ka ku fana ka swivono exikarhi ka tufted jay na white-tailed jay, leswimbirhi hi van’wana a swi ehleketiwa leswaku swi yelana swinene. Nkambisiso wa 2010 wa DNA ya mitochondrial wu kombisile leswaku tufted jay yi fambelana swinene na ntlawa wa ti jay ta le Amerika Dzonga, hambi leswi tindzhawu ta tona ti hambanisiweke hi kutlula  . Swinga endleka leswaku ti huma eka ancestral jay leyi ayi tshama e Central na South America hinkwayo.

Tufted jay yi tshama emakhwatini ya pine-oak, hakanyingi yi tshama yi ri ehenhla eka xirhendzevutana . Swakudya swa yona swivumbiwa ngopfu hi ti berries na mihandzu, naswona hi mpimo wutsongo switsotswana swofana na katydids . Yi vumba mintlhambi ya ntshamisano leyi rhendzeleke mpatswa wun’we lowu tswalaka, laha mintlhambi yin’wana yi tshamaka swin’we eka tinxaka to hlayanyana. Nkarhi wotswalana wa tufted jay wusungula eku heleni ka March, laha ku vekiwaka clutch ya matandza mambirhi kuya eka ntlhanu eka xisaka lexi akiweke hiku tirhisana hi swirho swa ntlhambi. Tufted jay yi tekiwa yiri ekusuhi na nxungeto hi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Nhlayo ya yona ya hunguteka, laha ku ringanyetiwaka leswaku kuva na 10,000–20,000 wa vanhu lava vupfeke e nhoveni. Nxungeto wosungula eka ku hanya ka yona i ku onhiwa ka ndzhawu ya vutshamo hikokwalaho ka ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka vurimi xikan’we naku tsemiwa ka makhwati hikokwalaho ka ku tsemiwa ka mirhi xikan’we naku byariwa ka swidzidziharisi .
Armillaria gallica

***Armillaria gallica*** ( rifana na *A.&nbsp;bulbosa* na *A.&nbsp;lutea* ) i muxaka wa ti mushroom ta vulombe eka ndyangu wa Physalacriaceae wa odara ya Agaricales .  Muxaka lowu i fungus leyi tolovelekeke naswona ya nkoka eka ikholoji leyi bolaka hi tihunyi leyi nga hanyaka tani hi saprobe, kumbe tani hi xitsotswana lexi nga na nkarhi eka vahlayisi va misinya lava tsaneke ku vanga ku bola ka timintsu kumbe butt . Yi kumeka etindhawini leti kufumelaka ta le Asia, Amerika N’walungu ni le Yuropa. Muxaka lowu wu endla mimiri ya mihandzu hi yoxe kumbe hi mintlawa emisaveni kumbe tihunyi leti bolaka. Fungi leyi yi nghenisiwile eAfrika-Dzonga handle ko swi xiya. *Armillaria gallica* yi vile na taxonomy leyi pfilunganyaka, hikokwalaho ka xiphemu xa swiphiqo swa matimu leswi hlanganeke na swona eka ku hambanyisa exikarhi ka tinxaka ta *Armillaria* leti fanaka. Fungus leyi yi amukele nyingiso wa matiko ya misava ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1990s loko koloni yin’we yin’we leyi tshamaka e khwatini ra Michigan yi vikiwile kuva yi hlanganisa ndzhawu ya , yi tika kwalomu ka , naswona u va ni malembe ya 1 500 hi vukhale. Munhu loyi utiveka ngopfu tani hi "humongous fungus", naswona i ndzhawu yo koka rinoko ra vaendzi xikan’we naku hlohlotela eka festival ya lembe na lembe leyingana nhlokomhaka ya ti mushroom e Crystal Falls . Minkambisiso ya sweswinyana yi pfuxete malembe ya fungus leyi kuya eka 2,500 wa malembe naswona vukulu bya yona kuya eka kwalomu ka , ku phindhiwe ka mune eka xiringanyeto xo sungula. 

*Armillaria gallica* i fungus leyi ngopfu ngopfu yivaka ehansi ka misava, naswona yi humesa mimiri ya mihandzu leyi fikaka kwalomu ka  hi vukulu, ya muhlovo wotshuka-buraweni, naswona yi funengetiwile hi swiphemu leswintsongo. Ehansi ka ti caps kuna ti gills letinga basa kuya eka creamy kumbe pale orange. Nsinya wungava kuya fika eka  yo leha, na ring yo basa ya cobwebby leyi avanyisa muhlovo wa nsinya kuva ya pale orange kuya eka buraweni ehenhla, na muhlovo wo dzwihala ehansi. Fungus yi nga endla fambiselo lerikulu ra swivumbeko leswi fanaka ni timitsu ta le hansi ka misava, leswi vuriwaka ti- rhizomorphs, leswi yi pfunaka ku bola hi ndlela leyinene tihunyi leti feke emakhwatini lama nga ni matluka yo anama ni lama pfanganisiweke . Yi vile nhlokomhaka ya ndzavisiso lowukulu wa sayense hikokwalaho ka nkoka wa yona tani hi xitsongwatsongwana xa swimilani, vuswikoti bya yona byo bioluminesce, xirhendzevutani xa yona xa vutomi lebyi nga tolovelekangiki, na vuswikoti bya yona byo vumba tikholoni letikulu na leti hanyaka nkarhi woleha .
Google Chrome

**Google Chrome** i xitirhisiwa xa webu lexi endliweke hi Google . Yi humesiwile ro sungula hi 2008 eka Microsoft Windows, leyi akiweke hi swiphemu swa software ya mahala ku suka eka Apple WebKit na Mozilla Firefox .  Endzhaku tivhidiyo ti humesiwile ta Linux, macOS, iOS, naswona nakambe ta Android, laha ku nga browser ya ntolovelo.  Xihlamusela-marito xi tlhela xi va xiphemu lexikulu xa ChromeOS, laha xi tirhaka tanihi pulatifomo ya switirhisiwa swa webu .

Vunyingi bya khodi ya xihlovo ya Chrome yi huma eka phurojeke ya software ya mahala na ya xihlovo lexi pfulekeke ya Google Chromium, kambe Chrome yi na layisense tanihi freeware ya vulawuri .  WebKit was the original rendering engine, kambe Google yi hetelele yi yi forokile ku tumbuluxa njhini ya Blink ;  tinxaka hinkwato ta Chrome handle ka iOS ti tirhise Blink ku sukela hi 2017. 

Mufambisinkulu wa Google Eric Schmidt khale a a katseka eka " tinyimpi ta browser ", xiphemu xa matimu ya mabindzu ya le United States, naswona u kanete ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka khamphani eka ndhawu leyintshwa swonghasi. Hambiswiritano, vasunguri-kulobye va Google Sergey Brin na Larry Page va rhangele nkombiso wa software lowu susumeteleke Schmidt ku endla Chrome yi va nchumu wa nkoka eka bindzu, leswi endleke leswaku ku humelela eka swa mabindzu.  Hikwalaho ka ku andza ka Chrome, Google yi ndlandlamuxe vito ra brand ra "Chrome" eka switirhisiwa swin'wana. Leswi a swi katsi ChromeOS ntsena kambe na Chromecast, Chromebook, Chromebit, Chromebox na Chromebase .
Solange Sanfourche

**Solange Sanfourche** (loyi a velekiweke hi July 18, 1922 naswona u file hi ti 12 ta Nhlangula 2013), loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra Marie-Claude, a a ri mulwi wa ku lwisana wa le Furwa eDordogne hi nkarhi wa Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava.
Zitha

Zitha, hi va ka nkwinika, hi nkanyani, hi mamba ya vukarhi, hi marhundzele xo rhundzela nsati wa xona. I maluma hi ncila yi tshika nomo. Madlaya hi dlayela nsele ahi dyi thyaka. Matlharhi hansi, dziii!!!
Neil Oliver

Neil Oliver ( u velekiwile hi ti 21 Hukuri 1967 e Renfrewshire ) i muhaxi na mutsari wa thelevhixini wa le Scotland. U tiveka ngopfu tanihi muhaxi wa nongonoko wa tidokhumentari ta BBC leti nge A History of Scotland and the Coast.

#### Vutomi bya vutomi
Neil Oliver (Biography) u velekiwile eRenfrewshire naswona u kulele eAyr na Dumfries. Sweswi u tshama eStirling na nsati wa yena, Trudi, na vana va vona vanharhu. Neil u dyondzele eDumfries Academy a nga si nghena eYunivhesiti ya Glasgow, laha a dyondzeleke vuyimburi. Hi 2010, u seketele ku sunguriwa ka ndzavisiso wa le ka inthanete wa Ask Scotland, a tlakusa vukorhokeri lebyintshwa bya layiburari ya le Scotland. Ku engetela kwalaho, u tirha tanihi mupfuni wa Nhlangano wa Vahlayisi va Tindlu ta Rivoni.
Mamba ya ntima

**Mamba ya ntima** (Dendroaspis polylepis) i muxaka wa nyoka leyingana chefu swinene leyi welaka eka ndyangu wa Elapidae. Yitumbuluka eka swiphemu swa Afrika yale dzongeni wa Sahara. Yi hlamuseriwe rosungula ximfumo hi Albert Günther hi 1864, i nyoka ya vumbirhi yo leha swinene leyingana chefu endzhaku ka king cobra; swikombiso leswi vupfeke hi xitalo swi tlula 2 m (6 ft 7 in) naswona hi ntolovelo swikula kuya eka 3 m (9.8 ft). Swikombiso swa 4.3 kuya eka 4.5 m (14 kuya eka 15 ft) swivikiwile. Muhlovo wa nhlonge ya yona ya hambana kusuka eka grey kuya eka buraweni wo dzwihala. Ti mamba ta ntima letintsongo titala kuva na muhlovo wotshuka kutlula letikulu naswona tiva na ntima loko tikula. Ku nga khathariseki vito leri tolovelekeke, nhlonge ya mamba ya ntima a hi ya ntima; vito ra muvala ri hlamusela ngopfu endzeni ka nomu wa yona, leswi yi swi kombisaka loko yi titwa yi xungetiwa.

## Minthsaho
Seth Andrews

Seth Andrews (loyi a velekiweke hi April 12, 1968) i mulweri wa le Amerika, mutsari ni xivulavuri lexi vulavulaka hi mhaka ya ku pfumela leswaku Xikwembu xi kona. I muvumbi na mufambisi wa vaaki va inthanete va The Thinking Atheist, podcast, na xitichi xa YouTube, xikan’we na mutsari wa tibuku ta mune leti ti ti kandziyiseke. Loko a nga si lwela ku pfumela leswaku Xikwembu xi kona, a a ri Mukreste wa xisekelo naswona a a ri ni ntirho wa malembe ya khume tanihi mufambisi wa xiya-ni-moya wa Mukreste.

#### Vutomi bya vutomi
Seth Andrews (Biography)  u velekiwe eTulsa, Oklahoma, endyangwini wa Vukreste bya Baptist na lava lava dyondzeke ntivo-vukwembu, u khuvula eKerekeni ya Eastwood Baptist. Loko ya le xikolweni xa le xikombeni xa le xikolweni xa le xikolweni xa le xikolweni xa le xikolweni xa vuxeni Mukhuvuri.
Phephulu

**Phephulu** i mihlovo yo hambana-hambana exikarhi ka yo tshwuka ni ya wasi. Xihlamusela-marito xa Xinghezi xa Oxford xi yi hlamusela tanihi muvala lowu dzikeke, lowu taleke, exikarhi ka wo tshwuka ni wa vhangazi.

Phephulu tanihi muvala a xi ambariwa hi vafumi va Rhoma ya Khale ni vamajistarata, naswona endzhakunyana hi vabixopo va Kereke ya Khatoliki. Ku sukela kwalaho, muvala wa xivunguvungu hi ntolovelo wu fambisana ni vuhosi ni ku chava Xikwembu. 

Muhlovo lowu wu tirhisiwa eka swiambalo swa vugandzeri swa Kereke ya Xilatini swa Advent, Lent na misa ku khongelela vafi.

Mbilu ya xivunguvungu yi nyikiwa masocha ya le Amerika lama vavisekeke kumbe lama dlayiweke.

## Mintshaho
Mhangu yo dlayeteriwa ka vanhu eSharpeville

**Mhangu yo dlayeteriwa ka vanhu va le Sharpeville** yi humelele hi ti 21 ta Nyenyankulu 1960, loko maphorisa ma duvule ntshungu wa vanhu lava a va hlengeletane ehandle ka xitichi xa maphorisa exidorobaneni xa Sharpeville eka xifundzhankulu xa Transvaal xa khale ka Union of South Africa (laha sweswi ku nga xiphemu xa Gauteng) ku lwisana ni milawu yo sindzisa ku khoma tipasi. Ntshungu wa vanhu va kwalomu ka 5,000 wu hlengeletane eSharpeville hi siku era xivijo lexi endliweke hi Pan-Africanist Congress xo siya tipasi ta vona ekaya na ku lava leswaku maphorisa ma va khoma hikwalaho ko tlula milawu ya tipasi. Ntshungu wa vavileri wu byeriwe leswaku wu ta hlamuriwa hi mutirhela-mfumo naswona wu yimele ehandle ka xitichi xa maphorisa loko maphorisa yo tala ma karhi ma fika, ku katsa ni swirho swa le henhla swa Rhavi ra Vuhlayiseki leri ari chaviwa. Hi nkarhi wa kwalomu ka 1:30 na nhlikanhi, maphorisa ma duvule ntshungu hi kwalomu ka 1,344 wa tikulu ta swibamu handle ko humesa xilemukiso. Eka malembe la ya tlula makume-ntlhanu la ya landzeleke, nhlayo ya vanhu lava dlayiweke ni lava vavisekeke yi sekeriwe kusuka eka vumbhoni bya maphorisa, leyi veke ntsengo wa 249 wa vanhu, leyi katsaka vana va 29, naswona eka ntsengo wolowo ku kumeke 69 wa vanhu lava dlayiweke na 180 va vavisekeke. Vulavisisi bya sweswinyana byi kombise leswaku kunga va na vanhu va 91 la va dlayiweke eSharpeville naswona kuva na vanhu va 238 va vavisekile. Xitalo xa vanhu la va nga dlayiwa no vavisiwa va kumeke va duvuriwile enhlaneni loko va baleka maphorisa.

Muteki wa swifaniso Ian Berry, loyi eku sunguleni a a ehleketa leswaku maphorisa ma duvula hi tikulu to ka ki nga dlayi, hi yena loyi a hlanganiseke divisor xa swifaniso saw siku leri.  Eka Afrika Dzonga ra namuntlha, 21 Nyenyankulu ri tsundzukiwa tani hi holideyi ya mani na mani yo xixima timfanelo ta ximunhu na ku tsundzuka Mhangu ya ku dlayeteriwa ka vanhu eSharpeville.

Hi lembe ra 2024, ndzhawu leyi kunga humelela Mhangu ya ku dlayeteriwa ka vanhu na xitsundzuxo yi hundzuke Ndzawu ya Ndzhaka ya Misava, leyi tivekaka tani hi Tindzhawu ta xidzundzuxo ta Nelson Mandela.

## Vutomi eSharpeville ku nga si endleka mhangu
Xidorobhana xa Sharpeville xi simekiwe hi lembe ra 1943 naswona xi sive xidorobhana xa Topville, lexi a xiri na va aka tiko votala na swona xithlela xi hlaseriwa hi mavabyi. Va aka tiko va rhurhisiwile ku sukela hi lembe ra 1958, ku ya aka eSharpville. Kwalomu ka 10,000 wa vanhu va ntima va sindzisiwe ku rhurha eSharpville nakambe hikwalaho ka madzolonga na vugevenga. Ku engetela kwalano, ku ve na mintlawa ya swigevenga leswi a swi heha vantswa ku nghenela vugevenga ku ri na ku ya eswikolweni. Xitichi xa maphorisa lexintswa xi akiwile naswona a xiri na maphorisa yo hisekela ku secha tipasi, ku thleriseriwa ka valuveri, na ku lavisisa no hlasela mavhengele yo xavisa byala swi nga ri e nawini.

## Minkombo
Magenta ya xirhendzevutani

**Magenta ya xirhendzevutani** wa purple-red, lowu tlhelaka wu tiviwa tani hi fuchsia kumbe cyclamen. Magenta i yin’wana ya tidayi tosungula ta aniline leti endliweke hindlela yo endliwa naswona yi tshuburiwile hi 1859 hi mutivi wa tikhemikhali wa le Britain Sir William Henry Perkin (1838-1907). U ri thye vito ra doroba ra Magenta ra le Italy, laha hi lembe leri fanaka ku veke nyimpi leyikulu exikarhi ka Mafurwa ni Ma-Austria.

Magenta i muvala wosungula eka sisiteme ya mihlovo yo susa na muvala wa vumbirhi eka sisiteme ya mihlovo yo engetela. Eka maendlelo lawa hamambirhi kuna muhlovo wotala wa rihlaza. Eka michini yo gandlisa hi inkjet, magenta i muvala lowu tolovelekeke wa ku kandziyisa hi mihlovo ya mune.
Hosi ya Nghala

**Hosi ya Nghala** i filimi ya drama ya vuyimbeleri bya swifaniso leswi nga na swifaniso swa le Amerika ya 1994 leyi humesiweke hi Walt Disney Feature Animation naswona yi humesiwile hi Buena Vista Pictures Distribution ehansi ka banner ya Walt Disney Pictures. Filimi leyi yi kongomisiwile hi Roger Allers na Rob Minkoff (eka masungulo ya vona ya vufambisi bya nkarhi wo leha) naswona yi humesiwile hi Don Hahn, ku suka eka screenplay leyi tsariweke hi Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts na Linda Woolverton. Filimi leyi yi na vatlangi va rito va ntlawa lowu katsaka Matthew Broderick, Moira Kelly, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Niketa Calame, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, Rowan Atkinson na Robert Guillaume. Tinsimu ta yona to sungula ti tsariwile hi muqambhi Elton John na mutsari wa tinsimu Tim Rice, na xichayachayana xa Hans Zimmer. Hi ku hlohloteriwa hi swiharhi swa nhova swa le Afrika, xitori lexi xi tekeleriwa ngopfu hi ntlangu wa xiteji wa William Shakespeare lowu vuriwaka Hamlet lowu nga na nkucetelo wo karhi ku suka eka switori swa Bibele swa Joseph na Moses, naswona wu landzelela mudyandzhaka lontsongo loyi a bohekaka ku baleka endzhaku ka loko buti wa yena a dlaye tata wa yena a tlhela a tekela vuhosi. Endzhaku ko kula evuhlongeni, hosi leyi faneleke yi vuya yi tlhontlha mutekeri ni ku herisa vulawuri bya yona bya tihanyi ehenhla ka mfumo.
Rihanyo ra vavasati

**Rihanyo ra vavasati** i xikombiso xa rihanyo ra vaaki, laha rihanyo ri hlamuseriwaka hi Nhlangano wa rihanyo wa Misava, ku nga *World Health Organisation* (WHO), tanihi "xiyimo xa vuhlayiseki lebyi heleleke bya miri, miehleketo na ntshamisano naswona ku nga ri ntsena ku pfumaleka ka mavabyi kumbe ku tsana".  Hakanyingi yi khomiwa tanihi rihanyo ra ku veleka ra vavasati ntsena, mintlawa yo tala yi kanetana na nhlamuselo yo anama leyi fambelanaka na rihanyo hinkwaro ra vavasati hi ku angarhela, leyi kombisiwaka ku antswa tanihi "Rihanyo ra vavasati". Ku hambana loku ku vonaka ku nyanyile ematikweni lama ha hluvukaka laha vavasati lava rihanyo ra vona ri katsaka makhombo na ntokoto wa vona, va yaka va va na swiphiqo.

Hambileswi mimpimo ya swivangelo leswikulu swa rifu, vuvabyi bya mbilu ni misiha, mfukuzana ni vuvabyi bya mahawu, yi fanaka eka vavasati ni vavanuna, vavasati va ni mintokoto yo hambana. mfukuzana ya mahawu yi tlule tinxaka tin’wana hinkwato ta timfukuzana tanihi xivangelo lexikulu xa rifu leri fambelanaka na mfukuzana eka vavasati, yi landzeriwa hi mfukuzana ya mavele, colorectal, ovarian, mfukuzana ya xivelekelo na cervical cancers. Hambileswi ku dzaha fole ku nga xivangelo lexikulu xa mfukuzana ya mahawu, eka vavasati lava nga dzahiki fole khombo ro khomiwa hi mfukuzana ri tlula kanharhu eka vavanuna lava nga dzahiki fole. Ku nga khathariseki leswi, mfukuzana ya mavele ya ha ri mfukuzana leyi tolovelekeke swinene eka vavasati ematikweni lama hluvukeke, naswona i yin’wana ya mavabyi lamakulu lama nga tshungulekiki ya vavasati, kasi mfukuzana ya khwiri yi tshama yi ri yin’wana ya mfukuzana leyi tolovelekeke swinene ematikweni lama ha hluvukaka, leyi fambisanaka ni xitsongwatsongwana xa human papilloma (HPV), ku nga vuvabyi lebyi tluletiwaka hi rimbewu . Ntlhavelo wa HPV xikan’we na ku kamberiwa swinyika xitshembiso xo lawula mavabyi lawa. Timhaka tin’wana ta nkoka ta rihanyo eka vavasati ti katsa vuvabyi bya mbilu na misiha, ntshikilelo wa mianakanyo, vuvabyi bya ku pfilunganyeka ka mianakanyo, ku tsana ka marhambu na ku kayivela ka ngati .
Ku Saseka ka Ntumbuluko

### Ntirho wa swiluva
Swiluva swi tiveka hi ''mihlovo'', tinxaka na mivala yo hambana-hambana, naswona a swi tsakeriwi ntsena hi ku saseka na ku khavisa tiko kambe swi na nkoka eka ku hlayisa bhayodiyivhesithi xikan’we na ku hlayisa ekhosiyisitemi. 
### Nkoka wa Swimilana
Swiluva swi endleriwe ku koka rinoko eka tinyoxi, swinyenyani na maphaphatani. Hiku tirhisa mihlovo ya swiluva leyi hanyaka yi olovisa endlelo ra pholinayixini. Maendlelo lawa pfuna ku nonisa naku humelerisiwa ka mbewu, ku endlela leswaku ku va na ku hangalaka ka tinxaka ta swimilani.

#### Ntirho wa Ikholoji
Swiluva switirha tani hi xihlanganisi xa nkoka eka mintlawa ya swakudya. Pholinayixini yi endla leswaku ku endliwa ''mihan''dzu na mbewu, leswi phamelaka ''swihar''hi swohambana hambana, ku katsa na vanhu. Ku tlula kwalaho, swimilana leswi humesaka swiluva hakanyingi swi endla ndhawu yo tumbela yo tswala eka swiharhi swo hambana-hambana leswintsongo. Ku na nkoka eka ku hlayisa ti ntumbuluko eka tiko hinkwaro.

##### Ku saseka ka swiluva swo hambana-hambana
Ku saseka ka swiluva ku hlohlotele vutshila, matsalwa ni ''ndhavuko''. Mihlovo ya swivumbeko  hakanyingi swi na mintirho yo hambana, hi xikombiso, swiluva swo tshuka swi tala ku koka swinyenyana, swa rihlaza swi koka rinoko  switsotswana kasi swa xitshopana swi tsakisa tinyoxi. Ku hambana, loku eka tinxaka ta swiluva swi hoxa xandla eka ku fuwa hinkwako ka bhayodiyivhesithi naswona swi seketela vuxaka byo hlawuleka exikarhi ka swimilani.

###### Swikombiso swa Ntivo-mbango
Swiluva na swona i swikombiso swa rihanyo ra mbango. Ku va kona kumbe ku pfumaleka ka tinxaka to karhi ta swiluva swi nga endla hi ku cinca ka maxelo, mpimo wa thyaka kumbe ku onhiwa ka tindhawu to tshama eka tona. Hi ndlela yaleyo, ti hoxa xandla kungari ntsena eka ntirho wa ecosystem kambe na le ka maendlelo ya vulawuri bya mbango na nhlayiso.

###### Mahetelelo
Swiluva i vatlangi va nkoka eka swirhendzevutani xa vutomi bya swimilana na swiharhi hi ku fanana. Ku saseka ka tona ku kombisa ku rharhangana ni ku twanana ka tiekhosiyisitemi, ku tsundzuxa vanhu hi ku ringanisela loku nga ni vuxiyaxiya loku hlayisaka vutomi emisaveni.

flower imbali
Surulere

**Surulere** i ndzhawu ya mfumo wa muganga leyi kumekaka etikweni-nkulu eXifundzheni xa doroba ra Lagos, eNigeria. Yi na ndzhawu yo ringana 23km. Eka nhlayo ya vanhu ya 2006, akuri na 503,975 wa vaaki, laha kungana vaaki va 21,864 hi square kilometer. Ndzhawu ya mfumo wa muganga yi rhendzeriwe hi Yaba, Mushin na Ebute-Metta.

**Rheferense**
Swifundzankulu swa Afrika-Dzonga

Xifundzankulu xin'wana na xin'wana xi lawuriwa hi huvo yo endla milawu ya xitulu xin'we . Vukulu bya huvo yo endla milawu byi ringana na vaaki, ku suka eka tethi wa swirho eKapa N’walungu ku ya eka eyithi eKwaZulu Natal .
Xixika

Xixika I nguva yo titimela exikarhi ka lembe, Leyi sungulaka hi n’hweti ya khotavuxika kuya eka n’hweti ya Mawuwani.    

### Swikombo saw vu hlanganisi
Vulawuri bya vaaki

**Vaaki** va fanerile ku landzelele swileriso leswi va nyikiweke hi varhangeri va vona.  Leswi swi tiyisisa kuva vaaki vanga tluli milawu ya tiko leri va tshamaki eka rona. Leswi endlela ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki bya  vaaki ku katsa tiko ravona.  Hi vona varhangeri va tindzawu to hambana-hambana va tumbuluxa milawu leyi pimelaki vaaki mahanyelo ya vona. xikombiso; tiko ra Welverdiend rina vuhosi lebyi vekaki milawu ya mahanyelo ya tiko ku tiyisisa leswaku vaaki a va tluli milawu, kambe loko u nwana wa vaaki loko o tshuka a tlurile milawu uta xupuriwa kuya hi nandzu wakwe. Muaki u fanerile ku nyikiwa xighwevo  xo karhi ku tiyisisa leswaku a nga ha ngeteri hi nandzu wa yena.

## Refherense
Xivongo xaka Mathebula

Vaka **Mathebula** va davuka evuxeni bya eka rixava raka ka **[https://www.vivmag.co.za/archives/11191#:~:text=Valoyi%20is%20a%20continuum%20of%20Valowi%2C%20which%20comes,Malawi%2C%20Mozambique%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Swaziland%2C%20Lesotho%20and%20Botswana. Valoyi]**. Xivongo xaka Mathebula xilandzeleleka  kusukela laha ku kumekaka leswaku vafumile hita ndzhavuko na milawu yo hanya hi wona. Va vativeka tindhawu to tala hikwalaho kova vana magandzelo yo hambana na yavanwana vanhu, na swona mahanyelo ya vona ya siku na siku ya hambanile ni yava nwana vanhu. Kusukela evutsongwanini majaha madyodzisiwa ku dyisa swifuyiwa swo hambana hambana tani hi timbuti, tihomu na tinyimpfu. Vanhwana vadyodzisiwa ku endla mintirho hinkwayo yale kaya tani hiku sweka, ku basisa no hlantswa. Vamathebula vana rirhandzu eka vanhu naswona vakhomaline tani hi ndyangu.  

**Xiphato Xaka Mathebula** 

*Mathebula! Khalanga. Mthondolovhani. Ncila ava olori, loko uwu olola wotshoveka. Wu olola hi n'wasati ndlwini.*

**Rheferense**
Nyoka hansi

## '''Nyoka-hansi'''
**Nyoka-hansi** i xivulavulelwa lexi tirhisaki rito ro karhi ku ri nyika swiendlo swa vanhu.

## Refherense
Riendli

**Riendli** (ku suka eka Xilatini) i rito leri hi ntolovelo ri kombisaka nghingiriko (*tisa*, *hlaya*, *famba*, *tsutsuma*, *dyondza*).

Maendli ma nga komba nkarhi, xiphemu, ndlela leyi munhu a titwaka ha yona. Riendli ri nga ha tlhela ri pfumelelana na munhu, rimbewu kumbe nhlayo ya swin'wana swa swihehlo swa rona, ku fana na nhlokomhaka ya rona.

Maendli ma na minkarhi yinharhu leyikulu kunga nkarhi wa sweswi, nkarhi lowu hundzeke na nkarhi lowu taka.
Riviti

Riviti i rito leri yimelaka nchumu wo karhi ku katsa swienhleketeleriwa, ku katsa na swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka, tindhawu, swiendlo, swiyimo swa vukona na miehleketo. Riviti ri nga tirha tanihi nchumu kumbe nhlokomhaka endzeni ka xivulwa, kumbe xivulwahava.
Josefa, eAfrika-Dzonga

**Josefa** i ximutana lexi nga exifundzhenikulu xa Limpopo, yi wela ehansi ka Vulawuri bya Vuhosi bya rixaka ra Mhinga.

## Swikombo/ Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke
Robben island

**Robben Island** i ndhawu leyi yi nga duma no tivikana swinene tanihi khotso leri khale ka puresidete wa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela a batisisiwe eka rona malembe yo fika makumembirhi-nkombo, hikuva yena na van'wana vankulukumba ava lwela ntshuxeko wa matima etikweni hi nkarhi wa mfumo wa Aparitedi. 

## Ndhawu
Yi kumeka eka rin'wana ra madorobankulu ya Afrika-Dzonga, eKapa, emanembenembeni ya le dzongeni ra tiko laha yinga rhendzela hi yan'wana ya malwandle lawa ya kumekaka edzongeni wa Afrika. 

## Tiriferense
Xivumbeko lexi bohiweke

Eka ntivoririmi, **mofimi yo vumbana** i mofimi (yuniti ya masungulo ya xivumbekovulongoloxamarito) lexi nga humelelaka ntsena tanihi xiphemu lexikulu, kasi **mofimi yo ntshunxeka** (kumbe **mofimi yo ka yi nga vumbanangi** ) hi leyi nga yimaka yi ri yoxe.  Mofimi leyi vumbaneke i muxaka wa **xivumbeko lexi vumbaneke**, naswona mofimi leyi ntshunxekeke i muxaka wa **xivumbeko lexi ntshunxekeke** . 

## Ku humelela hi ku tihambanisa
Xivumbeko i xivumbeko xo ntshunxeka loko xi nga humelela hi xoxe tanihi xivulwana lexi heleleke, xikombiso *Johnny is running*, kumbe *Johnny*, kumbe *running* (leswi swi nga humelela tanihi nhlamulo ya xivutiso xo fana na *Xana u endla yini?* ).  Xivumbeko lexi nga humeleriki hi ku tihambanisa i xivumbeko lexi vumbaneke, xikombiso *-y*, *is*, na *-ing* (eka *Johnny is running* ). Ku nga humeleli hi ku tihambanisa swi nyikiwa tanihi xipimelo xo sungula xa ku vumbana eka tibuku to tala ta ntivoririmi. 

## Timintsu na swinembeletana
Swinembeletana swi vumbanile ku ya  hi nhlamuselo.  Swinembeletana swa ririmi ra Xinghezi swi tala ku va swirhangi kumbe swilandzi ntsena : *pre-* eka "precaution" na *-ment* eka "shipment". Swinembeletana swi nga ha va swa mpfelelo, leswi kombisaka ndlela leyi rito ro karhi ri fambelanaka ha yona ni marito man’wana eka xivulwana lexikulu, kumbe ri va ndzungelelo, ku nga ha cinca xihluvi xa mbulavulo kumbe nhlamuselo ya xiviri ya rito.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;
Miliyoni Makaringe

**Tutani Million Makaringe** i n’watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga loyi a yimeleke vandla ra African National Congress (ANC) eka Huvo yo endla milawu ya xifundzhankulu xa Mpumalanga ku Million Makaringe hi 2019. U hlawuriwile eka xitulu xa yena eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa 2019, a ri eka xiyimo xa vu 22 eka nxaxamelo wa varhangerinkulu va vandla ra ANC.  Kusukela hi May 2022, a a ri Xandla xa Chief Whip eHubyeni yo endla milawu eXifundzenikulu xa Mpumalanga. 

Makaringe u velekiwe etikweni ra ka Kumana, ehandle nyana ka Thulamahashe, ximutana xa le Bushbuckridge exifundzheni xa Mpumalanga .  Khale a a ri mukhanselara wa ndhawu eMasipala wa Muganga wa Kumana wadi ya 29 ya Bushbuckridge,   laha a nga va Chief Whip wa ANC eka huvo hi lembe ra 2017. 

## Swikombo
Samuwele Dickenson Nxumalo

**Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo** u beburiwile hi lembe 1926 ,a hundza misaveni hiti 7 Nyenyankulu 2015. a ri Holobyenkulu wa vunharhu na wo hetelela wa Gazankulu,  khale ka bantustan eAfrika Dzonga ya nguva ya xihlawuhlawu . U tirhile tani hi Holobyenkulu kusukela hi ti 1 Dzivamisoko 1993 kuya  eka ti 26 Dzivamisoko 1994, loko bantustan yitlhela yi hlanganisiwa na Transvaal.

## Masungulo ya vutomi
Nxumalo u velekiwile eGijana Village hi lembe ra 1926. U velekiwile endlwini ya le hansi ya rixaka ra ka Ndwandwe, vatukulu vo kongoma va hosi ya nyimpi NGHUNGHUNYANI ( Gungunhana ), nghala yo hetelela ya Gaza.

## Swikombo
Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif

**Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif**&nbsp;(u velekiweke hi ti 9 Mudyaxihi 1992), loyi a tivekaka hi xiphurofexinali tanihi **Sho Madjozi** (/ʃ ɒ ˈ m ɑː dj ɔːr z ɪ / shoh-mah-JOH -zee), i muyimbeleri wa rhepe, muyimbeleri, mutsari wa tinsimu, na mutlhokovetseri wa Afrika Dzonga.  Maya u nghenisa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hi vuyimbeleri na xifaniso xa yena xa le rivaleni.  Hi lembe ra 2019, Madjozi u hlawuriwile tanihi un’wana wa  Africa 's 30 Under 30 hikwalaho ka ku hoxa xandla ka yena eka xiyenge xa vuyimbeleri na vuhungasi. 

Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif u velekiwe hi ti 9 ta Mudyaxihi 1992  eShirley Village, Elim, Limpopo, n'wana wa nhwanyana wa Rosemary Phaweni na Marc Wegerif lava a va fambisa nhlangano lowu nga riki wa mfumo lowu a wu endleriwe ku pfuna vanhu hi ku lava misava ya vona. Manana wa yena i wa rixaka ra Vantima kasi tatana wa yena i ra rixaka ra Valungu. Endzhaku ka loko vatswari va yena va dlaye vukati a ha ri ntsongo, u kurisiwe ngopfu hi manana wa yena. Madjozi u na vasesi hi tatana hi tlhelo ra manana wa yena na tatana wa yena. Tanihi leswi tatana wa yena, Marc Wegerif, a tshamela ku fambafamba eka swifundza swo karhi swa tikonkulu, Maya u ve ni nkarhi wo famba na tatana wa yena, u n'wi landzerile a ya eDar es Salaam, eTanzania, laha a tirheke eka nhlangano wo pfuna vanhu lowu vuriwaka Oxfam loko a ha ri n'wana wa kondlo a ndzi dyi. U tlhele a heta nkarhi hi ku xavisa swiambalo etimakete ta le Senegal hi lembe ra 2016 leswaku a ta kota ku wundla ndyangu wa yena.

Endzhaku ko heta xikolo xa le henhla eXikolweni xa Matiko Hinkwawo xa Tanganyika eTanzania, Madjozi u nyikiwe mali yo pfuneta ku ya eKholichi ya Mount Holyoke eVuxa Hadley, Massachusetts, US, ku dyondza matsalwa yo tumbuluxa na tidyondzo ta Afrika. Loko a ha ri eUS, u sungurile ku tsala switlhokovetselo hi vito ra peni ra MayaThePoet.  Switlhokovetselo a swi vulavula hi tipolitiki, vumunhu na rixaka. Madjozi u tlhelerile eAfrika-Dzonga, laha a nga teka ximpfuno rixaka yo dyondzela eYunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga, eJoni, naswona u tlherile a kunguhata ku tsala tinsimu eka vayimbeleri van’wana va laha kaya.  U sungurile ku rhepa na ku qambha vuyimbeleri hi vito ra yena ra xiteji ra "Sho Madjozi". Madjozi u tlakukile eka ndhuma endzhaku ka ntirhisano wa yena na muyimbeleri wa rhepe Okmalumkoolkat eka risimu ra "Ngiyashisa Bhe" na singili leyi dumeke ya "Gqi".  

### 2017–sweswi: ''Limpopo Champions League'', ''Vutomi bya njhani''
Enoko Sontonga

**Enoch Mankayi Sontonga** (1873 – 18 Hukuri 1905) a ri muqambhi ya Afrika-Dzonga, loyi a tiveka ngopfu hiku tsala risimu ra Xixhosa leri nge "   " leri nga tsariwaka hi (Xitsonga; Hosi katekisa Afrika), leyi hi ku pfuxeta, yi yimbeleriweke tanihi hafu yo sungula ya risimu ra rixaka ra Afrika-Dzonga ku sukela hi 1994. Khale a kuri risimu ra ximfumo ra African National Congress (ANC)  kusukela hi 1925. Ritlhele ri amukeriwa hi muakelani wa Afrika-Dzonga loyi a ha ku vumbiwaka wa le n’walungwini, Zimbabwe naswona ri hundzuluxiwile hi Xishona, " Ishe Komborera Afrika " kusukela hi 1980 kuya fika hi 1994.

## vutomi bya le vuhlangini
Sontonga, Muxhosa, u velekiwile edorobeni ra Uitenhage eEastern Cape Colony . U dyondzerile tani hi mudyondzisi eka Lovedale Institution kutani endzhaku ka sweswo u tirhile tani hi mudyondzisi na mufambisi wa khwayere exikolweni xa Methodist Mission e Nancefield, ekusuhi na Joni kuringana malembe ya tsevu. 

## swa ntirho
Ndzimana yo sungula ya "" yi qambhiwe hi 1897 naswona eku sunguleni a yi kunguhatiwe ku va risimu ra xikolo. Swihlovo swin'wana swi vula leswaku u tsale risimu leri hi lembe rero. Ri yimburiwe ro sungula erivaleni hi 1899 loko ku vekiwa Reverend Mboweni, loyi a a ri mufundhisi wo sungula wa Tsonga Methodist. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi mutlhokovetseri wa Xhosa Samuel Mqhayi u tsale tindzimana tin'wana ta nkombo.

## vutomi bya n'wini
Sontonga u tekane na Diana Mgqibisa, n'wana wa nhwanyana wa mufundhisi wa African Methodist Episcopal Church, naswona va ve ni n'wana. Mgqibisa u fe hi 1939.
Edward Mhinga

**Edward Percy Mhinga** (5 N'wendzamhala 1927 &#x2013; 2 Ndzhati 2017) a ri Holobyenkulu wa vumbirhi wa Gazankulu, khale ka bantustan eAfrika-Dzonga  hi nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu.

Edward Mhinga i ntukulu  xidzi wa hosi ya Vatsonga loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra  Gunyule loyi nga tumbuluxa tinxaka to tala endzeni ka tinyimba ta Vatsonga ku fana na Maluleke, Bila, Matola, Makwakwa, Mondlane, Masangu, Mkhwanazi, Shivambu na van’wana vo tala. Laha tiko ra Gazankulu ri nga simekiwa kona  kahle kahle a ku tshama  hosi Mhinga ku suka kwale endhawini ya Pafuri ya Kruger National Park na swiphemu swin’wana swa le dzongeni wa Mozambique.  

## Swikombo
Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho

**Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho,** i yunivhesithi yikulu ya khale swinene eLesotho,  yi kumeka eRoma, 34 km (21 mi) edzonga-vuxa bya Maseru, ntsindza wa Lesotho .  Nkova wa Roma wu anamile naswona wu rhendzeriwe hi xisirhelelo xa tintshava leti nga ni swiganga leswi nyikaka swivumbeko swo hlamarisa. Yunivhesiti leyi yi tiphina hi maxelo yo kufumala lama nga ni tinguva ta mune leti hambaneke. Huvo leyi lawulaka yunivhesiti i huvo na pholisi ya swa tidyondzo emavokweni ya Senate, havumbirhi Huvo na Senate swi simekiwa hi Nawu.

## Swidyondzeki

Masungulo ya Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho (NUL)  ya sungule hi siku ra ti 8 Hukuri 1945, loko Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki yi simekiwile eRoma hi vulawuri bya Rhoma Khatoliki bya le Dzongeni wa Afrika. Ku simekiwa ka kholichi leyi akuri ku hetiseka ka xiboho lexi tekiweke hi 1938 hi Synod ya vabixopo va Khatoliki e Afrika Dzonga ku nyikela swichudeni swa Khatoliki swa Afrika endzhaku ka matiriki na vulerisi bya vukhongeri. Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki yi simekiwile enkoveni lowu nga woxe hi 34 km (21 mi) ku suka eMaseru eka muako wa xikolo xa le hansi xa nkarhinyana eRoma Mission. 

### Yunivhesiti ya Basutoland, Nsirhelelo wa Bechuanaland na Swaziland
Hi January 1, 1964, Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Pius XII yi siviwe hi Yunivhesiti leyi tiyimeleke, leyi nga riki ya vukhongeri ya Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate na Swaziland leyi nga ni tsalwa ra yona leri nyikiweke hi Hosi ya Xisati Elizabeth wa Vumbirhi . Hikwalaho ka tsalwa leri fanaka, Oblate va hlayise vuxaka bya le kusuhi na U.B.B.S hi ku tirha eka huvo na ku dyondzisa, xikan’we na vukona  Pius XII College House, ndzhawu yo tshama eka yona ya vaaki va Oblate. 

Ku fambisana na mavito lawa ya hlawuriweke endzhaku ka ntshunxeko hi 1966, U.B.B.S yi hundzuke Yunivhesiti ya Botswana, Lesotho na Swaziland. 

### Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho
Ku tekiwile xiboho hi Nhlangula 20, 1975, xo simeka Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho eka khamphasi ya Lesotho (Roma) ya khale ka U.B.L.S , hi Huvo ya Rixaka hi ku tirhisa nawu wa Nomboro ya 13 wa 1975. NUL i mudyandzhaka wo tinyungubyisa wa Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Pius XII na UBLS Yi teka ndhawu, swivandla, na miako leyi fanaka na leyi yi nga hundza, xikan’we na yo engetela.  

.
Winnie Mashaba

**Winnie Mashaba** i xiyimbeleri xa tinsimu to dzunisa xa Afrika Dzonga, muhaxi wa TV, na n'wamabindzu. U velekiwile no kurisiwa emugangeni wa Kgoši Phasha, Steelpoort, u humesile alibamu ya yena yo sungula Vuphirhumeri *20* hi lembe ra 2000.

## Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni
Winnie Mashaba u nghene xikolo exikolweni xa le henhla xa Mashupje kambe u tshike xikolo endzhakunyana ka loko a pasile Giredi ya 11 hi 1998 ku ya emahlweni na ku navela ka yena vuyimbeleri bya tinsimu to dzunisa. Ku wisa ka yena ko sungula ku tile endzhaku ka loko a endlile audition ya Solly Moholo . Endzhakunyana ka ku yingisela, u humesile alibamu ya yena yo sungula, *Exodus 20* leyi humesiweke hi 2000.  U hlawuriwile eka masagwadi yotala, kukatsa na Kora ya Best African Spiritual Female hi 2005. Masagwadi man’wana ya katsa Masagwadi ya Vuyimbeleri bya Afrika-Dzonga (SAMA), Masagwadi ya Gospel ya Afrika-Dzonga na Masagwadi ya Vuyimbeleri ya Metro FM . Hi lembe ra 2010 u hlawuriwile tani hi muyimbeleri wa ndhuma eka masagwadi ya Mavonelo ya Vhuphita ya Vukhongeri. U fike a landzela xiphemu xo nyikela eka TV xa *Amahubo* eka Dumisa hi 2015. 

Hi Nyenyankulu 2022 u tekile Tebatso Phetla, loyi a tshamaka edorobeni ra le kusuhi ra Burgersfort. Nakambe hi Nyenyankulu 2019 u kumile Dokodela wo Hlonipheka ku suka eka Yunivhesiti ya Bibele ya Matiko ya Misava ya Trinity (TIBU) hikwalaho ka ntirho wa yena eka vuyimbeleri. 

## Minkanerisano
Winnie Mashaba u amukerile ku soriwa na ku tlhelela endzhaku hi vaseketeri, endzhaku ka ku endzeriwa ka ndyangu wa ka Solly Moholo hi xihahampfhuka xa xihahampfhuka loko ku vikiwa erivaleni leswaku Solly Moholo u kombele minyikelo emahlweni ka rifu ra yena ku endla vuhandzuri. 

## Nhlamuselo ya tinsimu leti rhekhodiweke

* 2000: *Eksoda 20*
* 2007: *[[Kea Letshaba Lefase|Ndza yi chava misava]]*
* 2007: swikhenso
* 2008: ndzi rhandza wena
* 2003: u nga tlangi hi kereke munghana wa mina
* 2001: chavani rifu erivaleni ra mintlangu ra le phakeni ya ellish
* 2003: u nga tlangi hi kereke leyi munghana
* 2009: hambi kova yini na yini
* 2006: miyela n'wana waka hina
* 2010: ku tiva Yehova
* 2011: *[[Modimo O Nale Nna|Xikwembu]] xina mina*
* 2012: *[[Bophelo Ke Leeto|vutomi i riendzo]]*
* 2014: *[[Very Best Of (Live)|Swinene Swinene Swa (Live) .]]*
* 2015: 
* 2005: uta ya kwini
* 2016: *[[1st Hymns Project Live Recorded|P]]<nowiki/>hurojete ya tinsimu* 
* 2017: swilo swa misava
* 2018: *Riendzo Na Winnie Mashaba Live eEmperors Palace*
* 2021: *Muporofita Yeremiya hi* vukhale

## Masagwadi

## tibuku leti tirhisiweke

## Swihlanganisi swa le handle

* Official website
* Kellman - The Big Interview with Winnie Mashaba
* Winnie Mashaba on Instagram
Doc Shebeleza

**Victor Bogopane** ( d. 9 Sunguti 2025 ), loyi a tivekaka tani hi **Doc Shebeleza**, ari mutshila wa kwaito wa Afrika Dzonga. Switlhokovetselo swa yena swo fana na "Ingagara" ,"S'kumfete," "Ebumnandini," na "Ghets Ghetsa" na ti'nwana to tala, swi n'wi endle mutshila wa kwaito loyi a dumeke swinene hi malembe ya va 1990 na le ku sunguleni ka malembe ya va 2000.

## Ntirhovutomi
Doc Shebeleza u hlohloteriwile hi tinhenha leti mbirhi ku nga Brenda Fassie na Mandoza, un’wana wa va sunguri va muxaka wa kwaito.  Hi lembe ra 1995 u humesile alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya Shebeleza leyi a yi ri na risimu ra "Ghets Ghetsa", risimu leri ri nwu hlohloterile leswaku a ya mahlweni ku humesa tinwana  ku landzerile risimu ra  "S'kumfete" leri a ri ba swinene. Endzhaku ka sweswo, u humesile ti alibamu tin'wana tinharhu: *Tiger* (1997), *Ebumnandini* (2000) [3], na *Jiva Yoyo* (2001). 

## Vutomi bya munhu hi yexe na rifu
Doc Shebeleza a pfuneta ku aka tiyindlu ta vanhu lava pfumalaka  ku sukela loko a tshike vuyimbeleri. U tlhele a pfuneta swinene eka malunghiselelo ya xilahlo xa Mandoza.  Hi lembe ra 2024. Doc Shebeleza a ri karhi a nghena a tlhela a  huma exibedlhele hi ku tikiseriwa hi mavabyi a kombela swikhongelo eka vaseketeri va yena.    U amukeriwile eka 'Intensive Care Unit'  xibedlhele xa phurayivhete eJoni . U endliwe vuhandzuri lebyi humeleleke hi December, naswona endzhaku ka mavhiki mambirhi, u vike leswaku u titwa a antswa kambe u kombele swikhongelo leswi yaka emahlweni eka vaseketeri va yena. U lovile hi ti 9 Sunguti 2025, ari na malembe ya 51.   

## Masagwadi

* Masagwadi ya Mzansi Kwaito na yindlu ya vuyimbeleri masagwati 2018 Sagwadi ra Vutomi Hinkwabyo 

## Ndzhaka
Risimu ra "Doc Shebeleza" hi muyimbeleri wa Afrika Dzonga Cassper Nyovest ri xixime Victor Bogopane.  Hi lembe ra 2014 muyimbeleri wa rhep L-Tido u samplele "Ghets Ghetsa" eka risimu ra yena ra "Steve Kekana". 

## Swikombo
Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo bya Afrika-Dzonga

**Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo swa Afrika-Dzonga** (SAHPRA) i nhlangano lowu nga languteriwa eka ku lawula matirhiselo ya Switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swa Rihanyo laha tikweni ra Afrika-Dzonga. Yi tlhela yi va xiphemu xa Ndzawulo ya Rihanyo ya Rixaka . 

SAHPRA yi teke mintirho ya Huvo ya Vulawuri bya Mirhi (MCC) xikan’we na Ndzawulo ya Vulawuri bya Radiation (DRC) leyi a yi ri eka Ndzawulo ya Rihanyo ya Rixaka (NDoH). SAHPRA yi vumbiwile tanihi nhlangano lowu tiyimeleke lowu vikaka eka Holobye wa Rihanyo wa Rixaka hi ku tirhisa huvo ya wona. 

## Matimu
Ku sukela eka Nawu wa Swilo wa 1965, Huvo ya Vulawuri bya Mirhi (MCC) na Ndzawulo ya Vulawuri bya Radiation (DRC) yi vumbiwile. Ku sukela hi 2018, Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo swa Afrika-Dzonga (SAHPRA) byi tumbuluxiwile ku siva MCC na DRC  

## Covid-19

### Switlhavelo
#### Xitsonga–AstraZeneca (AZD1222) .
Hi ti 6 Hukuri 2021, SAHPRA yi pasisile murhi wo tshungula vanhu wa Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 . 

Endzhaku ka loko nkambisiso wa tliliniki wu ti kombe wu nga tirhi eka vuvabyi byo olova ku ya eka byo ringanela leswi swi nga vangiwa hi 501. V2 muxaka wa . ku tivisiwele Nongonoko wa ntlhavelo leswaku wu ta yimisiwa. 

#### Johnson & Johnson (Xitiviso xa Xitsonga.COV2.S) .
Hi ti 17 nyenyenyana 2021, nongonoko wa rixaka ro tshungula COVID-19 wu sunguriwile ximfumo hi ku tirhisa xiga xa 3 hi ku xopaxopa. Hi ti 31 nyenyankulu 2021, SAHPRA yi pasisile murhi wo tshungula wa Janssen lowu tirhisiwaka hi xitalo ku hetisa ku tirhisiwa hi xitalo hi ku hetiseka xiyenge xa 21. 

#### KAPU YA KOVA YA COVID-19 YA PRIZER-BIONTECH
Hi ti 16 nyenyankulu 2021, Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo swa Afrika-Dzonga (SAHPRA) byi pasisile murhi wo tshungula wa Pfizer-BioNTech eka xiyenge xa 21 Mpfumelelo wa Matirhiselo ya Xihatla 

### MURHI WA IVERMECTIN
Hi Sunguti 2021, SAHPRA yi pfumelelekile ku va  ehansi ka Xiyenge xa 21 xa Nawu wa Mirhi na Swilo leswi Fambelanaka na swona, nongonoko wa Mfikelelo wa Matirhiselo ya Ntwela-vusiwana, lowu nyikeke mpfumelelo eka vaxavisi va ntlhanu va Ivermectin leyi nga tsarisiwangiki hi xivumbeko xa mpimo wo tiya wa nomu na leswaku switirhisiwa swa rihanyo swi khoma xitoko xo tala. Xivangelo xa leswi akuri ku kavanyeta kutirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa Ivermectin leswinga riki enawini na leswi tirhisiwaka eka vutshunguri bya swiharhi. Ku tirhisiwa ka xinkarhana ka murhi wa Ivermectin leyi nga tsariwangiki a ka ha ta lawuriwa no nyikiwa. 

Hi ti 30 Mudyaxihi 2022, SAHPRA yi herise Nongonoko wa Mfikelelo wa Matirhiselo ya Ntwela-vusiwana lama Lawulaka Ivermectin. Leswi swi ta yimisa ku nghenisiwa ka swilo leswi humaka ematikweni mambe na ku hlayisiwa hi xitalo swa Ivermectin leyi nga tsarisiwangiki. Xivangelo lexi xa leswi akuri endzhaku ko dyondza ku tirha kahle ka Ivermectin eka ku tshungula Covid-19, akuri hava vumbhoni byo tshembheka bya leswaku ya tirha eka yona. 

## Vona leswi nakambe

* Ntlhavelo wa COVID-19
* Ntungu wa COVID-19
* Ntungu wa COVID-19 eAfrika-Dzonga
* Ntlhavelo wa COVID-19 eAfrika-Dzonga

## Tinhlamuselo

## khokelo ra le handle

* Website ya SAHPRA

## Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke
Kgotso Nkgatho

**Kgotso Nkgatho** (loyi a velekiweke hi 1953) i mutlangi wa Afrika Dzonga, mutsari, mutsari wa matsalwa, muhumelerisi, na mufambisi loyi a dumeke hi xiphemu xa yena e Mopheme.
Tiholo to Dyondzela Eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo

## '''Xiyimo xa tiholo to dyondzela eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo'''
**Tiholo** ta dyondzo eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo ti tshama ti basile naswona ti hlayisekile. Loko va nghena, swichudeni na valeteri va hlangana na ndhawu yo tenga, leyi lulamamiseriweke ku dyondzela no dyondzisela. Yunivhesiti yi kombisa ku tikarhatela ku basisa tiholo ta dyondzo nkarhi hinkwawo, leswi swi kombisa leswaku yi tekela enhlokweni rihanyo na vuhlayiseki bya valeteri na swichudeni.

## Ku basa ka tiholo swi olovisa ku dyondza no dyondzisa
Tiholo leti a ti lo basa ntsena, ti tlhela ti endla leswaku ku dyondza no letela swi olova. Ti na ku vonakala loku heleleke, switirhisiwa swa thekinoloji na swivandla swa ku tshama leswi nga kahle. Leswi swi endla leswaku yunivhesiti ya Limpopo yi va yin’wana ya tiyunivhesiti leti rhangaka emahlweni hi ku basa no va na switirhisiwa swa nkoka.

## Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke