open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nsati

Nsati ( pl. : **vavasati** ) i wansati loyi **a** nga eka vuxaka bya vukati . Wansati loyi a nga hambana na munghana wa yena u ya emahlweni a va nsati ku kondza vukati bya vona byi herisiwa hi nawu hi vaavanyisi bya ku herisa vukati . Loko muhlekisani wa yena a fa, nsati loyi a feriweke u vuriwa noni. Timfanelo na swiboha swa nsati eka **[[Partner|muhlekisani]]** wa yena na xiyimo xa yena eka vaaki na nawu swa hambana exikarhi ka mindhavuko naswona swi hambanile hi ku famba ka nkarhi.
Masungulo ya ririmi

**Matumbulukelo ya ririmi**, vuxaka bya rona ni ku hundzuka ka vanhu ni vuyelelo bya rona swi dyondziwile malembe yo tala lawa hindzeke. Swidyondzeki leswi navelaka ku dyondza matumbulukelo ya ririmi swi fanekele ku kuma swibumabumelo eka vumbhoni byo fana na nkandziyiso wa fossil, vumbhoni bya vuyemburi, ku hambana ka tindzimi ta manguva lawa, tidyondzo ta ku kuma ririmi na ku pimanisiwa exikarhi ka ririmi ra vanhu na maendlelo yo vulavurisana ka swiharhi (ngopfu ngopfu  tindzimi tin’wana). Vo tala va vula leswaku masungulo ya ririmi kumbexana ya fambelana swinene na masungulo ya mahanyelo ya vanhu ya manguva lawa, kambe a ku na ku twanana kutsongo mayelana na mintiyiso na switandzhaku swa ku yelana loku.
Lawrence Mushwana

**Adv Lawrence Mabendle Mushwana** (loyi a velekiweke hi siku ra 3 Dzivamisoko 1948) a ri Musirheleri wa Vaaki wa Afrika-Dzonga. Mushwana i tswariwe ehansi ka Masipala wa Tzaneen. Hi yena a nga va musirheleli ku nga si fika  Thuli Madonsela.  Mushwana u thoriwile hi President Thabo Mbeki kusukela hi Khotavuxika 2002 kufikela hi Khotavuxika 2009. 

Mushwana i muyimeri wa nawu hi ntirho loyi a nga na digiri ya Bachelor of Laws kusuka eYunivhesiti ya Zululand.  Kusukela hi 1972 kuya eka 1975 u tirhile tanihi mutoloki eka Khoto ya Majistarata ya Bushbuckridge. Kusukela hi 1992 kuya fika hi 2003 u tirhile tanihi gqweta eka Mushwana Attorneys.

Mushwana i xirho xa African National Congress, u tirhile eka Vulawuri bya Xifundzakulu xa Limpopo kusukela hi 1994 kufikela hi 2002, na le ka Vulawuri bya Rixaka ku sukela hi 1999 ku fikela hi 2002. Ku sukela hi 1999 kuya eka 2002 u tlhele a va Xandla xa Mutshamaxitulu wa Huvo ya Rixaka ya Swifundzankulu. U thoriwile tanihi Musirheleri wa Vaaki wa Afrika-Dzonga hi 2002 naswona eku heleni ka nkarhi wa yena hi 2009 u sukile ku ya va mutshamaxitulu wa Khomixini ya Timfanelo ta Ximunhu ya Afrika Dzonga. 

## Swihlovo
Penny penny

Penny Penny i Erick Giyani Nkovani loyi a nga muyimbeleri wa vunanga bya Xitsonga bya Disco na xigaza. U tivekile ngopfu hi reality show ya **[https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/show/papa-penny-ahee "Papa Penny Ahee"]** leyi a yi tlangiwa hi va Mzansi Magic.
Matshwa bemuda

Freddy Masingi loyi eka vuyimbeleri a tivekaka tanihi **Matshwa Bemuda** u velekiwile hi lembe ra 1973. Eka vunanga u vile na tialibamu ta 24 eka khume wa malembe. Hi lembe ra 1997 u kandziyisile alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya chom na chom no1.
Mushwana Clan Name

**Xivongo xa ka Mushwana** i xivongo lexi nga tala eka Masipala wa Tzaneen eLimpopo. Hambiswiritano, xivongo lexi xa kumeka na le ka tindhawu tin'wana to fana na Bugersford, Phalaborwa, na Mpumalanga. Hambileswi vavulavuri vo tala va ririmi leri va nga Vatsonga, ku tlhela ku va na vavulavuri lava kumekaka va vulavula tindzimi tin'wana. 
Switiko swa Mushwana swi katsa leti landzelaka: 
Makhawukana, Sidida, Mbhombhoch, Mpfumari, Dlamana, N’wahulela, Ndumenjana, Mahehenyana .  

Loko va tiphata va ri Rinono, Nyarhi, Shavani ni vukosi .
Swithopo swa xitsonga

**Swithopo swa Vatsonga** ku kongomisiwa eka xiharhi kumbe nchumu un'wana na un'wana wa ntumbuluko lowu yimelaka xivongo xo karhi Mathevula (2019)https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11602/1483/Dissertation%20-%20Mathevula%2C%20d.-.pdf?sequence=1. Swin'wana swa Swivongo swa Vatsonga swi na swithopo leswi landzelaka:

Baloyi - Mfenhe

Chauke - Humba

Xivambu - Khutla

Maxava - Ngwenya

Maluleke - Ndlopfu/Mbangi

Hlungwani - Ndzilo

Manganyi - Rigoda

Mbhetse - Koti

Bila - Nghala

Rikhotso - Mfutsu

Maxele - Dyambu

Makhuvele - Mhunti

Ndlhovhu - Ndlopfu

Mavundza - Hongonyi

Mongwe - Mangwa

Munisi - Mpfula

Nkuna - Homu

Ngoveni - Mati

Chavalala - Nhlampfi
Xivongo xa ka Cawuke

**Xiphato** xa xivongo xa ka Cawuke 

Masenyani

Wa Risenga

Wa Muxiyi

Wa Macema

Wa Xikovela 

Wa Xigombe

Wa Matsema

Wa Bangwani

Wa Xinyori xa humba

Wa Chavani mi chava yini?

Hi chava mahika ma ximun'wana xa tolo

Wa xisaka xa mimpfi
Tinhweti

**Tinhweti hi Xitsonga**

January - Sunguti

February - Nyenyenyani

March - Nyenyakulu

April - Dzivamusoko

May - Mudyaxihi

June - Khotavuxika

July - Mawuwani 

August - Mhawuri

September - Ndzhati

October - Hlangula

November - Hukuri

December - N'wendzamhala
Vandla ra Ximoko

**Vandla ra Ximoko** i vandla leritsongo ra tipolitiki eAfrika-Dzonga . A ri na vuyimeri eka Huvo ya Rixaka kumbe eka tihuvo to endla milawu ta swifundzakulu, kambe sweswi ri na 3 wa vakhanselara eka xiyimo xa masipala exifundzenikulu xa Limpopo kusukela hi 2019.

## Matimu
Xi vumbiwile tanihi nhlangano wa ndhavuko hi 1984 hi Hudson Ntsan'wisi, hi nkarhi wolowo Holobye wa Gazankulu bantustan, Ximoko u hundzukile vandla ra tipolotiki hi 1990, ra ha ri ehansi ka vurhangeri bya Ntsan'wisi.

Endzhaku ka rifu ra yena hi 1993, swirho swin’wana swa vandla leri swi endle ntwanano na vandla ra African National Congress (ANC), kasi van’wana va yile emahlweni tanihi Ximoko Democratic Party, naswona va phikizanile eka nhlawulo wa 1994, va ha tsarisile tani hi Ximoko Progressive Party. Vandla leri a ri kumangi switulu.

Hi lembe ra 1996, vandla ri cincile tanihi Vandla ra Ximoko kutani ri phikizana eka nhlawulo wa 1999 eka Xifundza xa N’walungu (sweswi ku nga Limpopo) ntsena, nakambe ri nga hluli switulu. Ku sukela kwalaho yi phikizane ntsena eLimpopo, yi tsandzeka ku hlula switulu swihi na swihi nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana.

Vandla leri ri tlhele ri phikizana hi swivandla swo hlaya swa mfumo wa miganga.  

## Mbuyelo wa nhlawulo

### Nhlawulo wa rixaka

|- style="background:#ccc;"
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
| 1994
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,320
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.03
| style="text-align:right;"| 0
|}

### Nhlawulo wa swifundzakulu

|----- bgcolor="#cccccc"
!rowspan="2"|Election
!colspan="2" |Limpopo
|-
|----- bgcolor="#cccccc"
|align="center"|**%**
|**Seats**
|-
|1994
| align="right"|0.10%
| align="right"|0/49
|-
|1999
| align="right"|0.80%
| align="right"|0/49
|-
|2004
| align="right"|0.59%
| align="right"|0/49
|-
|2009
| align="right"|0.23%
| align="right"|0/49
|-
|2014
| align="right"|0.21%
| align="right"|0/49
|-
|2019
| align="right"|0.08%
| align="right"|0/49
|-
|}

### Nhlawulo wa masipala

|-
! Election
! Votes
! %
|-
! 2016
| 7,556
| 0.02%
|-
! 2021
| 4,835
| 0.02%
|-
|}
Tinomboro

**Tinomboro hi Xitsonga**

1 - N'we

2 - Mbirhi

3 - Nharhu 

4 - Mune 

5 - Ntlhanu 

6 - Tsevu 

7 - Kombo 

8 - Nhungu 

9 - Kaye 

10 - Khume

11 - Khumen'we

12 - Khumembirhi

13 - Khumenharhu

14 - Khumemune

15 - Khumentlhanu

16 - Khumetsevu

17 - Khumekombo

18 - Khumenhungu 

19 - Khumekaye

20 - Makumembirhi

21 -  Makumembirhin'we

22 - Makumembirhimbirhi

23 - Makumembirhinharhu

24 - Makumembirhimune

25 - Makumembirhintlhanu

26 - Makumembirhitsevu

27 - Makumembirhikombo

28 - Makumembirhinhungu

29 - Makumembirhikaye

30 - Makumenharhu

31 - Makumenharhun'we

32 - Makumenharhumbirhi

33 - Makumenharhunharhu

34 - Makumenharhumune

35 - Makumenharhuntlhanu

36 - Makumenharhutsevu

37 - Makumenharhukombo

38 - Makumenharhunhungu

39 - Makumenharhukaye

40 - Makumemune

41 - Makumemunen'we

42 - Makumemunembirhi

43 - Makumemunenharhu

44 - Makumemunemune

45 - Makumemunentlhanu

46 - Makumemunetsevu

47 - Makumemunekombo

48 - Makumemunenhungu

49 - Makumemunekaye

50 - Makumentlhanu
Tin'hweti ta Xitsonga

**Tin'hweti ta Xitsonga** na mikomiso ya kona hi leti nga laha hansi:

Sunguti (Sng)- January

Nyenyanyana (Nyy) - February

Nyenyakulu (Nyk) - March

Dzivamisoko (Dzv) - April

Mudyaxihi (Mdy) - May

Khotavuxika (Kht) - June

Mawuwana (Mww) - July

Mhawuri (Mhw) - August

Ndzati (Ndz) - September 

Nhlangula (Nhl) - October

Hukuri (Hkr) - November

N'wendzamhala (N'wn) - December

Mavito na matsalelo yo hambana na lama ya hoxekile (xk: *Nyenyenyana,

Dzivamusoko, *Ndzhati, *Mawuwani).
Black Coffee (DJ)

**Nkosinathi Innocent Maphumulo** (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 19 Dzivamisoko 1976), loyi a tivekaka ngopfu hi vito ra yena ra xiteji **Black Coffee**, i DJ wa Afrika-Dzonga, muhumelerisi wa vunanga na mutsari wa tinsimu. Swibumabumelo swa yena swi katsa nhungu wa masagwadi ya South African Music Awards, mMasagwadi ya mune ya DJ Awards, masagwadi yambirhi ya Metro FM na sagwadi ra Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album .  

U sungurile ntirho wa yena hi 1994, naswona u xiximiwile hi ku nghenelela ka yena eka 2004 Red Bull Music Academy endzhaku ka khume ra malembe. Maphumulo u simekile lebula ya tirhekhodo ya Soulistic Music ku humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula *Black Coffee* (2005), leyi a yi katsa swiphemu swa R&B na jazz. Ku sukela kwalaho, u humesile tialibamu ta nhungu ta le studio.
Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka

**Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka** i nhluvukiso wa ku dyondza no dyondzo eka matiko ya sayense lawa ma katsaka genetics na molecular biology. Ku ni minongonoko yo tala leyi yi hluvukisiweke hi dyondzo leyi, naswona leswi na swona swi vuriwa swiphemu swa nhluvukiso. Mfumo wa masungulo wa nhlamuselo wu vilerisa genetics ya nkoka. Dyondzo ya masungulo yi katsa ku kumeka ka switulu na ku lweriwaka ka rixaka. Dyondzo leyi yi endliwile eka malembe yo tala hi ku languteka eka xivumbeko xo tiya na hi xivumbeko xo tala xo mikroskopi.

Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka yi nga tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo tisa ku hlamusela matirhisele leyi tirhisiweke eka sayense ya genetics na molecular biology, kumbe ku tirhiso leyi humaka eka dyondzo leyi.

Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka yi nga endliwa ku tiva swiphiqo swa ku lweriwa na ku endla ku dyondza swiphiqo eka mavabyi yo karhi ya miri tanihi khensa. Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka ya khensa yi katsa ku kumeka ka mutations, fusion genes, na ku cinca ka nhlayo ya DNA.
Brioche

**Brioche** ( , , ,    )  i muxaka wa xinkwa xa masungulo ya Xifurwa lexi nga na botere yo tala na tandza, leswi nyikaka xirhumbana xo olova no fuwa. Mupheki Joël Robuchon u hlamusela tani hi "yo vevuka naswona yiva na xiponci nyana, yi olova ngopfu kumbe yitsongo kuya hi ratio ya botere na tandza".  Yina xivumbeko xa ntima, xotshuka na xirhendzevutani, lexi hakanyingi xi kandziyisiwaka hi xiphemu xa tandza lexi hangalasiweke endzhaku ko lunghiselela nhlama.

Brioche yi tekiwa tani hi muxaka wa Viennoiserie. Yi endliwa hi ndlela leyi fanaka ya xisekelo ni xinkwa naswona yi ni swilo swo hambana-hambana ku tlula makhekhe yo tanihi tandza, botere ni swilo swin’wana ( masi, mati, khirimi, minkarhi yin’wana hambi ku ri chukela ). Brioche, xikan’we na swinkwa swin’wana swimbirhi swa French, *[[pain au lait]]* na *pain aux raisins,* switala ku dyiwa eka swakudya swa nimixo kumbe tani hi swakudya swo olova. Brioche yi bakiwa hi mihandzu kumbe ti chocolate chips.  Hiku tirhisa ku hambana ko tala ka swifundzha, brioche yi phameriwile ntsena tani hi swakudya swale tlhelo swa dessert.
Ximumu

**Ximumu** hi xona lexi hisaka swinene naswona xi voningaka swinene eka tinguva ta mune leti kufumelaka, xi humelela endzhaku ka ximun'wana ni le mahlweni ka ximun'wana . Eka kumbe exikarhi ka solstice ya ximumu, tiawara ta ku vonakala ka siku hi tona to leha swinene naswona tiawara ta munyama i to koma swinene, laha ku leha ka siku ku hunguteka loko nguva yi ya emahlweni endzhaku ka solstice. Ku huma ka dyambu ro sungula ni ku pela ka dyambu ka sweswinyana na swona swi humelela ekusuhi ni siku ra ku wisa ka dyambu. Siku ro sungula ximumu ra hambana hi ku ya hi maxelo, ndhavuko ni ndhavuko. Loko ku ri ximumu eN’walungwini wa Misava, i xixika eDzongeni wa Misava, naswona hi ndlela leyi hambaneke.
Dirt

"**Dirt**" i risimu leri rhekhodiweke hi duo ra country music ra le Amerikha, Florida Georgia Line. I risimu ro sungula eka albhamu ya vona ya vumbirhi ya studio, *[[Anything Goes (Florida Georgia Line album)|Anything Goes]]*, leyi humesiweke hi October 14, 2014.

## Mintshaho
Ayisikhirimi

**Ayisi khirimi** i dessert leyi titimelaka leyi hi ntolovelo yi endliwaka hi masi kumbe khirimi leyi nandzihisiweke hi swin’wana swo nandzihisa, ku nga ha va chukele kumbe swin’wana, ni swipayisisi, swo tanihi cocoa kumbe vanilla, kumbe hi mihandzu, yo tanihi switluka kumbe mapecisi. Minkarhi yin'wana ku engeteriwa mihlovo ya swakudya ku engetela eka swilo leswi tiyisisaka . Nkatsakanyo lowu wu titimela ehansi ka freezing point ya mati kutani wu hlanganisiwa leswaku wuta nghenisa tindzhawu ta moya xikan’we naku sivela ti ice crystals leti voniwaka kuva tinga vumbiwi. Yinga tlhela yi endliwa hiku hlanganisa flavoured cream base na liquid nitrogen swin’we. Mbuyelo wakona i foam yo olova, ya semi-solid leyi tiyeke eka mahiselo yale hansi swinene (ehansi ka  ). Yiva na malleable swinene loko mahiselo ya yona ya tlakuka.

Ayisi khirimi yi nga ha phameriwa eka swibya, yi dyiwa hi xipunu kumbe yi nantswa hi tikhoni ta ayisi khirimi ta wafer leti dyiwaka leti khomiweke hi mavoko tanihi swakudya swa tintiho . Ayisi khirimi yi nga ha phameriwa ni ti- dessert tin’wana—to tanihi khekhe kumbe phayi —kumbe yi tirhisiwa tanihi xiaki xa swakudya leswi titimelaka—ku fana ni ti- ice cream float, ti- sundae, ti- milkshake ni tikhekhe ta ayisi khirimi —kumbe eka swilo leswi bakiweke swo tanihi Baked Alaska .

Ayisi khirimi ya le Italy i gelato . Frozen custard i muxaka wa ice cream leyi fuweke. Soft serve yi olovile naswona hakanyingi yi phameriwa etiphakeni ta vuhungasi na le ka tirhesiturente ta swakudya swo hatlisa eUnited States. Ti ice cream leti endliweke kusuka eka masi ya homu lawa yanga cinca cinca, yofana na masi ya mbuti kumbe ya nyimpfu, kumbe swin’wana leswinga siva masi (xikombiso, soy, cashew, coconut, masi ya almond, kumbe tofu ), ya kumeka eka lava vanga tiyiseriki lactose, lava nga na allergy eka ti protein ta masi, kumbe vegan . "Nice cream" ya mabanana  i 100% wa mihandzu leyi sekeriweke eka vegan alternative. Frozen yoghurt, kumbe "froyo", yifana na ice cream kambe yitirhisa yoghurt naswona yingava na mafurha yale hansi. Ti sorbets letingana mihandzu kumbe ti sherbets ahi ti ice creams kambe titala ku kumeka eka mavhengele ya ice cream.

Nhlamuselo ya vito leri *[[ayisi khirimi]]* ya hambana hi ku ya hi matiko. Ematikweni man’wana, yo tanihi United States, *ayisi khirimi* yi tirha ntsena eka muxaka wo karhi, naswona tihulumendhe to tala ti lawula ku tirhisiwa ka marito yo hambana-hambana hi ku ya hi mpimo lowu ringaniseriweke wa swilo leswikulu, ngopfu-ngopfu mpimo wa khirimi.  Switirhisiwa leswinga fikeleriki swipimelo leswinga vitaniwa ice cream minkarhi yin’wana swi tsariwa " **frozen dairy dessert** " ematshan’wini ya sweswo.  Ematikweni man’wana, yo tanihi Italy na Argentina, ku tirhisiwa rito rin’we eka tinxaka hinkwato.
Xitsotswana xa yingwe xa le Asia

***Aedes albopictus***, leyi hi ntolovelo yi tiviwaka tanihi *xitsotswana* *xa tinghala ya le Asia* (Xinghezi: xitsotswana xa Asian tiger mosquito), i xitsotswana lexi humaka eDzonga-vuxa bya Asia, naswona xi kumeka ku suka eMadagascar evuxeni ku ya eNew Guinea . Muxaka lowu wutlhele wu voniwa e dzongeni wa United States kusukela hi 1985, nale Nigeria kusukela hi 2002. Hi 2007, muxaka lowu wutlhele wu kumeka e New Zealand Vuxa bya Canada, na matiko ya 12 ya le Yuropa ku katsa na Italy na Spain .  Xitsotswana lexi xi tiveka hi milenge ya ntima na yo basa na miri lowuntsongo, wo basa kumbe wa ntima (vona xifaniso).

Switsotswana swa *[[Aedes albopictus]]* switsakela ku hanya eka swihlahla na byanyi, ngopfu ngopfu etindhawini ta le makaya. Endzhaku ko mama ngati ya munhu loyi a vabyaka, ximanga xa xisati xi nga tlulela vuvabyi lebyi hi xihatla loko xi mama ngati ya munhu loyi a hanyeke kahle kutani xitsongwatsongwana xi andza eka ti salivary glands ta ximanga endzhaku ka masiku ya 8-10 yo mama ngati ya munhu loyi a hanyeke kahle. yi nga tlulela vuvabyi lebyi.
Vuvabyi bya dengue

**Dengue fever** kumbe hi ku kongoma **hi xitsongwatsongwana xa hemorrhagic fever** i ntlawa wa mavabyi lama vangiwaka hi mindyangu yo hlayanyana ya switsongwatsongwana leyi landzelaka: *[[Arenavirus]]*, *[[Filoviridae]]*, *[[Bunyaviridae]]* na *[[Flavivirus]]*, hakanyingi yi tiveka hi swikombiso swo katsa ku hisa ka miri, ku huma ngati na ku huma ka swirhumbana . Tinxaka tin’wana ta switsongwatsongwana tinga vanga mavabyi yo olova yofana na Scandinavian Nephropathia fever, kasi tin’wana tinga vanga mavabyi yo tika swinene, hambi kuri rifu, kufana na Lassa fever, Marburg virus, Ebola virus disease, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus (Korean hemorrhagic fever), Crimea-Congo ku hisa ka miri loku humaka ngati, na ku hisa ka ngati ka Dengue . Leri i ku hisa ka miri lokukulu na ku huma ngati, leswi nga vangiwa hi mintungu, chefu, mintungu kumbe hypothermia. Dengue fever yi tluleriwa hi switsotswana, ngopfu ngopfu Aedes.

Le Vietnam, ku ni tibiliyoni Nhlayo ya vanhu lava nga na malembe yo tlula 15 lava nga na vuvabyi bya dengue eswifundzheni swa le dzongeni yi tlakuke ku suka eka 35% hi 1999 ku ya eka 60% hi 2017. Hi ku ya hi madokodela lama hlawulekeke, leswi swa karhata swinene hikuva vanhu lavakulu lava nga ni vuvabyi bya dengue va tala ku fa ku tlula vana.
Vanuatu

**Vanuatu**, ximfumo **Riphabliki ra Vanuatu**, i tiko ra xihlala leri katsaka swihlala swa Melanesia edzonga -vupela-dyambu bya Lwandle ra Pacific . Ntlawa lowu wa swihlala wu kumeka eka 1 750 km evuxeni bya Australia, 500 km en’walungu-vuxa bya New Caledonia.&nbsp;km, evupela-dyambu bya Fiji, ni le dzongeni wa Swihlala swa Solomon .

Emahlweni ka 1980, Vanuatu a ri vitaniwa **New Hebrides** ehansi ka vulawuri lebyi hlanganeke bya Nghilandhi na Furwa . Mavietnam hi nkarhi wolowo a va vitana Vanuatu **Xihlala Lexintshwa** hikuva vakoloni va Mafurwa a va tala ku thola masocha lama humaka eIndochina leswaku ma ya kambela ni ku rima swimilana eka swihlala swimbirhi swa le kusuhi, New Caledonia na New Hebrides)  . Vanhu va le Vietnam va vitana ntlawa wa swihlala swa New Caledonia *i Misava Leyintshwa*   kasi Nouvelles-Hébrides i *Xihlala Lexintshwa*  . Mavietnam man’wana ya le matikweni ya le handle hakanyingi hi xihoxo ma tirhisa vito ra Tan Dao eka New Caledonia   .
Windhoek ya le xihundleni

**Windhoek** ( , ) .

  ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of Namibia. Yi kumeka exikarhi ka Namibia eka ndzhawu ya Khomas Highland plateau, kwalomu ka  ehenhla ka vuandlalo bya lwandle, kwalomu ka kahle-kahle exikarhi ka ntivo-misava wa tiko. Nhlayo ya vaaki va Windhoek, leyi a yi ri 486,169 hi 2023,  yi tshama yi ri karhi yi kula hikwalaho ka ku rhurha loku yaka emahlweni ku suka eka swifundzha swin’wana eNamibia.

Windhoek i ntsindza wa ntshamisano, ikhonomi, tipolitiki na ndhavuko wa tiko. Kwalomu ka bindzu rin’wana ni rin’wana ra tiko ra Namibia, huvo ya mfumo, nhlangano wa dyondzo ni wa ndhavuko wu ni yindlu-nkulu kwalaho.

Doroba leri ri hluvukile endhawini leyi a ku ri ni xihlovo xo hisa xa nkarhi hinkwawo lexi tiviwaka hi tinxaka ta vurisi ta kwalaho. Yi hluvukile hiku hatlisa endzhaku ka loko Jonker Afrikaner, Captain wa Orlam, atshamile kona hi 1840 kutani a aka kereke ya maribye ya vaaki va yena. Eka makume ya malembe lama landzeleke, tinyimpi to tala ni nyimpi leyi hlomeke swi endle leswaku ndhawu leyintshwa yo tshama eka yona yi honisiwa ni ku lovisiwa. Windhoek yi simekiwile ra vumbirhi hi 1890 hi Major Curt von François ya Vuthu ra Mfumo ra Jarimani, loko ndhawu leyi yi tekiwile hi Mfumo wa Jarimani .
Xiharhi lexi vuriwaka Schoenoplectus oligosetus

***Schoenoplectus oligosetus*** i muxaka wa ximilani xa swiluva eka ndyangu wa Sedge . Muxaka lowu wu hlamuseriwa rosungula hi sayense hi (AEKozhevn.) TVEgorova hi 2005.
Maxelo ya equatorial

**Equatorial climate**, leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi **tropical rainforest climate**, i muxaka wa maxelo lawa ya tivekaka hi mahiselo yale henhla lembe hinkwaro (mahiselo yale henhla ya lembe na lembe ya tshama yari e henhla kutlula 25°C loko ya pimiwa eka tindzhawu tale henhla eka vuandlalo bya lwandle ) naswona ya lava ku tshamiseka lembe hinkwaro xirhendzevutani (amplitude ya ku cinca cinca ka mahiselo yile hansi ka 2°C), laha kungana mpfula yotala, leyi tolovelekeke nimadyambu naswona yitshamisekile eka kutlula 2,000&nbsp;mm hi lembe. Ntshikelelo wa xibakabaka wu tshama wuri ehansi naswona ndzhongho wule henhla. Moya awu talanga swinene, handle ka loko ku humelela swidzedze kumbe swidzedze leswi fambelanaka na ntshikelelo wale hansi wa ndzhawu liya. Misava yi hlantswiwa kuva yi paluxa ti layers ta misava leyi humaka eka laterite leyingana muhlovo wotshuka (hikwalaho ka iron oxide II). Timinerali tin’wana leti n’okisiweke na tona ti hlantswiwa hi mpfula, kutani hi xitalo misava eka ndzhawu leyi ayi fuwi hi swakudya. Maxelo ya equatorial ya kombisiwa tani hi " *Af* " eka ku hlawuriwa ka maxelo ya Köppen .

Hiku angarhela, tindzhawu letingana muxaka lowu wa maxelo ti kumeka ekusuhi na equator, eka ti latitudes tale hansi swinene, na latitude range endzeni ka equatorial calm zone (ECZ), ndzhawu leyi mimoya ya mabindzu yi hungaka eka yona e n’walungu vuxa-dzonga vupela dyambu na dzonga vuxa-n’walungu vupela dyambu tlhelo. Swikombiso leswinene swa maxelo ya equatorial i tindzhawu ta le n’walungwini wa Amazon na Central Africa, laha kungana makhwati yo enta lawa yanga kusuhi naku nga ngheniwi. Eka ndzhawu leyi ya maxelo, kuna milambu yimbirhi leyikulu leyi khulukaka hi yona: nambu wa Amazon lowu khulukaka hi xiringaniso kutlula 150,000 m3/s na nambu wa Congo lowu khulukaka hi xiringaniso kutlula 40,000 m3/s. 
right|thumb|250x250px|Ndhawu ya Nambu wa Amazon yi ni maxelo ya equatorial.
Tiziano Sclavi

**Tiziano Sclavi** (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 3 Hukuri 1953) i mutsari wa tibuku ta tikhomiki wa le Italy, muteki wa mahungu na mutsari wa tinovhele to hlaya. Sclavi u dume ngopfu tanihi muvumbi wa buku ya tikhomiki *[[leyi nge Dylan Dog]]* hi 1986, eka khampani yo kandziyisa ya le Italy Sergio Bonelli Editore . Minkandziyiso yo tlula 300 yi humelerile eka nxaxamelo lowu, lowu xavisiweke timiliyoni ta tikopi. Yi vile hi ku tirhisana na vatshila vo hlayanyana, ku katsa na Claudio Villa, Corrado Roi, Gustavo Trigo, Carlo Ambrosini, Luigi Piccatto, Angelo Stano, Mike Mignola, Andrea Venturi, Giampiero  Casertano na Bruno Brindisi .
Nyeleti ya Preon

**Nyeleti ya preon**  (leyi tlhelaka yi vuriwa **quasi-black hole**, **grey hole** kumbe **grate** ) i muxaka wa nyeleti ya compact hi theoretically leyi vumbiweke hi ti preons, leti nga "point-like" particles leti vumbiweke tani hi swiphemu swa vumbirhi swa ti quarks na Leptons .  Vukona bya tona byi sungule ku ringanyetiwa hi 2005 hi Fredrik Sandin na Johan Hansson, havambirhi va huma eYunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji ya Luleå, eSweden .  Xiringanyeto lexi nga endzhaku ka tona hileswaku swiphemuphemu swa subatomic a swi ta va swi humelerile emahlweni ka swiphemuphemu swa subatomic, leswi humeleleke emahlweni ka swiphemuphemu, naswona tinyeleti eku sunguleni ti tumbuluxiwile hi swiphemu leswi swa subatomic, laha ngopfu-ngopfu hakatsongo-tsongo ti tumbuluxiweke hi swiphemu leswitsongo, ivi endzhaku ti tumbuluxiwa hi swiphemu-phemu. Hambiswiritano, mianakanyo yi ringanyeta leswaku ku nga ha va ka ha ri ni tinyeleti tin’wana leti endliweke hi swiphemu-phemu leswi nga ehansi ka athomo.  Ku tshembiwa leswaku tinga tlhela ti vumbiwa kusuka eka tinyeleti letikulu leti tshovekeke letinga tshamisekangiki ngopfu kuva ti hundzuka tinyeleti ta nyutroni, kambe tinga tshamisekanga ngopfu kuva ti hundzuka ti black holes.
Xifundzha xa Hậu Giang

**Hậu Giang** is a province located in the Mekong Delta region in the southern part of Vietnam. Vị Thanh i ntsindza.

## Matimu

Kufikela loko Nyimpi ya Vietnam yi hela hi 1975, xifundzha  lexi axi katsa doroba ra Cần Thơ leri ari ri ntsindza wa xifundzha. Hi 1975, xifundzha lexi xi thyiwile vito lerintshwa ra Cần Thơ province, laha doroba ra Cần Thơ ra ha ri ntsindza. Eku heleni ka 2004, Cần Thơ ni madoroba man’wana lama rhendzeleke ma ve masipala wa Cần Thơ (Thành Phố Cần Thơ). Xifundzha lexi seleke xa Cần Thơ xi hundzuke xifundzha xa Hậu Giang.

Hậu Giang yina ndzhawu ya ti indasitiri ya 902 ha. Ku ni 120&nbsp;km ya magondzo ya tiko: National Highway 61 (leyi yisaka eka National Highway 1, leyi hundzaka hi Masipala wa Cần Thơ eNambyeni wa Hậu ku ya eDorobeni ra Ho Chi Minh ), na ku hlanganisiwa ka mati hi mugerho na nambu ku ya eNambyeni wa Hậu.

Ku ringanyetiwa leswaku 80% wa xifundzhankulu xi ta va ehansi ka mati endzhaku ka  ku tlakuka ka vuandlalo bya lwandle loko ku pimanisiwa na ku tlakuka ka misava ya sweswi, leswi hungutaka hi ku famba ka nkarhi.
Timbyana leti nga enyimpini

Timbyana ti ni matimu yo leha swinene ya nyimpi, ku sukela eminkarhini ya khale . Ku sukela eka ku leteriwa enyimpini, ku ya eka ku tirhisiwa ka tona tanihi vahloti, varindzi, varhumiwa, timbyana ta tintswalo, na valandzeri, matirhiselo ya tona ya hambanile naswona man’wana ya ha ya emahlweni ya va kona eka matirhiselo ya manguva lawa ya masocha.
Xiphemu xa le dzongeni xa N’weti

**Lunar south pole** i ndzhawu yale dzongeni swinene eka N’weti, eka 90° e dzongeni. Yi tsakisa ngopfu vativi va sayense hikwalaho ka vukona bya ayisi ya mati etindhawini leti nga ni munyama hilaha ku nga heriki leti yi rhendzeleke. Ndhawu ya N’weti ya le dzongeni wa polar yi ni swirhendzevutana swo hlawuleka hileswi ku vonakala ka dyambu loku lavaka ku va loku nga heriki a ku nge fiki endzeni ka tona. Ti craters to tano ti tirha tani hi swirhalanganyi swo titimela leswi hlayisaka swisayini swa fossil swa hydrogen, ayisi ya mati, na swin’wana leswinga cinca cinca leswinga sungula ekusunguleni ka fambiselo ra dyambu .   Kuhambana na sweswo, ndzhawu ya lunar north polar yi kombisa nhlayo yale hansi swinene ya ti craters to tano leti sirhelelekeke.

## Ntivo-misava

Xiphemu xa le dzongeni xa N’weti xi kumeka exikarhi ka xirhendzevutana xa polar ya le dzongeni (80° N ku ya eka 90° N).   N’weti wa le dzongeni wu fambe hi 5 wa tidigri ku suka laha a wu ri kona eku sunguleni eka magidi ya timiliyoni ta malembe lama hundzeke.&#x5B; *<span title="Tuyên bố này cần tham khảo đến các nguồn đáng tin cậy.<nowiki/&gt; (September 2019)">citation needed</span>* &#x5D; Ku cinca loku ku cince ndlela ya ku rhendzeleka ka N’weti, ku pfumelela ku vonakala ka dyambu ku voninga eka tindhawu leti khale a ti ri na ndzhuti, kambe pole ya le dzongeni ya n’weti ya ha ri na tindhawu tin’wana leti nga endzhutini hi ku helela. Xirhendzevutani xa N’weti xi le ka angle ya 88.5 degrees na ecliptic plane. Hilaha ku hambaneke, pole ya le dzongeni hi ku fanana yi ni tindhawu leti nga eku vonakaleni ka dyambu hilaha ku nga heriki. Ndzhawu ya south polar yina ti craters totala na ti basins, kufana na Antarctic–Aitken basin, leyi vonakaka yiri xin’wana xa swihlawulekisi swa nkoka swinene swa N’weti,  na tintshava, kufana na Mount Epsilon eka 9050 hiku leha&nbsp;km, ku tlula ntshava yin’wana na yin’wana eMisaveni  Mahiselo ya le xikarhi eka pole ya le dzongeni ya N’weti ya kwalomu ka  . 

### Crater ya xirhendzevutani
Xirhendzevutana xa N'weti xi hundza hi le ka Shackleton crater . Ti craters leti xiyekaka leti nga ekusuhi swinene na Moon’s south pole, ku katsa na ti craters ta munyama lowu nga heriki ti katsa De Gerlache, Sverdrup, Shoemaker, Faustini, Haworth, Nobile na Cabeus .
Gondzo ro hakela

**Gondzo ro hakela**, leri tlhelaka ri tiviwa tani hi **turnnpike** kumbe **tollway**, i patu ra mani na mani kumbe ra phurayivhete (kwalomu ka minkarhi hinkwayo i freeway kusukela hiva 1940s) leri mali (kumbe *[[toll]]* ) yi kamberiwaka eka ku hundza. I xivumbeko xa nxavo wa magondzo lexi hi ntolovelo xi tirhisiwaka ku pfuneta ku vuyisa swibalo swa ku akiwa na ku hlayisa magondzo .

Magondzo lama hakeriwaka ma ve kona hi ndlela yo karhi ku sukela khale, laha ku hakeriwaka mali leyi hakeriwaka eka vafambi lava hundzaka hi milenge, hi golonyi kumbe hi tihanci; mukhuva lowu yeke emahlweni ni timovha, naswona tindlela to tala ta manguva lawa to hakela tihakela mali ya timovha ntsena. Hi ntolovelo mali leyi hakeriwaka ya hambana hi muxaka wa movha, ntiko kumbe nhlayo ya ti- axle, laha tilori leti rhwalaka nhundzu hakanyingi ti hakeriwaka mali yo tala ku tlula timovha.
 
Hakanyingi tihakelo ti hlengeletiwa etindhawini to hakela, etindhawini to hakela, etindlwini to hakela, eswitichini swo hakela, etibara to hakela, eka swisirhelelo swo hakela kumbe etigedeni to hakela. Tindhawu tin’wana to hlengeleta tihakelo ti tirha hi ku tisungulela, naswona mutirhisi u veka mali eka muchini lowu pfulaka gede loko ku hakeriwa mali leyi faneleke. Ku hunguta ku durha na ku hunguta ku hlwela ka nkarhi, tihakelo to tala ti hlengeletiwa hi switirhisiwa swa xielekitironiki swo hlengeleta tihakelo leswi hi ku tisungulela swi vulavurisana na transponder ya muhakeri wa tihakelo kumbe ku tirhisa ku lemuka tinomboro-plate hi ku tisungulela ku hakela vachayeri hi ku debita tiakhawunti ta vona.

Ku sola magondzo yo hakela swi katsa nkarhi lowu tekiwaka ku yima ni ku hakela mali yo hakela, ni mali ya vafambisi va tindhawu to hakela—ku fika kwalomu ka n’we-xa-nharhu xa mali leyi nghenaka eka swiyimo swin’wana. Tisisiteme to hakela tihakelo leti tirhaka hi ku tisungulela ti pfuna ku hunguta leswi haswimbirhi. Van'wana va kaneta ku hakela "kambirhi" eka patu rin'we: eka swibalo swa mafurha na hi tihakelo.

Ku engetela eka magondzo yo hakela, mabuloho yo hakela na tithanele to hakela swi tlhela swi tirhisiwa hi valawuri va mfumo ku tumbuluxa mali yo hakela mali yo aka swivumbeko. Tihakelo tin’wana ti vekeriwe etlhelo ku hakela ku hlayisiwa kumbe ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka switirhisiwa swa nkarhi lowu taka, kumbe ti tirhisiwa tanihi nkwama wo angarhela hi mimfumo ya miganga, ku nga vekeriwanga switirhisiwa swa vutleketli. Leswi minkarhi yin’wana swi pimiwile kumbe swi yirisiwile hi milawu ya mfumo wa le xikarhi. Nakambe, swikimi swa nxavo wa ku hlangana ka magondzo swi tirhisiwile eka nhlayo leyi pimiweke ya tindhawu ta le madorobeni tanihi xitirhisiwa xa vulawuri bya xilaveko xa swo famba ku ringeta ku hunguta ku tala ka timovha na ku thyakisa moya .
Qt

**Qt** (mavitanelo ya ximfumo ya fana na rito ra Xinghezi ra *cute* */ˈkjuːt/*    ), mavitanelo man’wana lama dumeke i *QT* */ˌkjuːˈtiː/* ) i rimba ra matirhiselo ya tipulatifomo to tsemakanya na switirhisiwa swa vukorhokeri swo tumbuluxa swifaniso swa xikhale na leswi nghenisiweke swihlanganisi swa vatirhisi, na switirhisiwa leswi tirhaka eka tipulatifomo to hambana ta software na hardware kumbe hi ku cinca kutsongo eka codebase ya le hansi, loko swi tshama swi ri xitirhisiwa xa ntumbuluko lexi fanaka na vuswikoti bya laha kaya na rivilo. Qt sweswi yi le ku endliweni hi havumbirhi The Qt Company, khamphani leyi xavisiwaka erivaleni, na Qt Project ehansi ka vulawuri bya xihlovo lexi pfulekeke, leswi katsaka vatumbuluxi ha un’we na tikhamphani leti tirhaka ku tlakusa Qt.    Qt yi kumeka ehansi ka havumbirhi bya layisense ya mabindzu ya xihlovo lexi pfulekeke.  na tilayisense ta xihlovo lexi pfulekeke xa GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0 na LGPL 3.0.
Cincinnati

**Cincinnati** (leyi vitaniwaka "Xin-xin-na-ti") i doroba leri nga e dzonga vupela dyambu bya Ohio, United States leri kumekaka ekusuhi na Nambu wa Ohio na Northern Kentucky . I ntsindza wa xifundzha xa Xifundzha xa Hamilton  . Hi ku ya hi Nhlayo ya Vanhu ya 2000, Cincinnati a yi ri ni vaaki va 331 285, leswi vulaka leswaku Cincinnati i doroba ra vunharhu hi vukulu ra Ohio .

Cincinnati yi tekiwa tani hi " boomtown " yosungula ya Amerika, kusukela ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana 19, loko yi kula hi ku hatlisa swinene exikarhi ka tiko leswaku yi phikizana ni madoroba lamakulu ya le ribuweni hi vaaki ni rifuwo. Tanihi doroba lerikulu ro sungula ra le ndzeni ka tiko, minkarhi yin’wana ri vuriwa doroba ro sungula ra le Amerika hinkwaro, leri nga riki na nkucetelo lowukulu wa le Yuropa ku fana na le Ribuweni ra le Vuxeni, kambe ri hlayisa swihlawulekisi swo tala swa madoroba ya khale ya le United States leyi lawuriwaka hi vanhu lava humaka ematikweni mambe, lava vunyingi bya vona va humaka eJarimani . Hambiswiritano, eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana leri, Cincinnati a yi ri karhi yi kula hi ku hatlisa, naswona yi tluleriwile hi vaaki hi madoroba man’wana yo tala ya le ndzeni ka tiko, ngopfu-ngopfu Chicago .
Download vuyimbeleri

thumb| iTunes Store yi fikeleleka hi ku tirhisa riqingho ra le mavokweni .

**Ku dawuniloda vuyimbeleri** ( Xinghezi : *ku dawuniloda vuyimbeleri* ) i xiendlo xo hundzisela tifayela ta vuyimbeleri ku suka eka khompyuta, riqingho leri hlanganisiweke na inthanete kumbe webusayiti ku ya eka khompyuta kumbe riqingho ra mutirhisi . Mhaka leyi yi katsa ku dawuniloda ka vuyimbeleri bya le nawini na lebyi nga riki enawini. Hi 2012, Nhlangano wa Matiko Hinkwawo wa Vumaki bya Swifaniso wu hlayele 16,5 wa tibiliyoni Tidolara ta Amerika ta mali leyi nghenaka eka ku xavisiwa ka vuyimbeleri bya misava hinkwayo, mali leyi nghenaka eka vuyimbeleri bya xidijitali yi endla 5.6 wa tibiliyoni tidolara, laha 70% wa tona ku nga mali leyi nghenaka eka ku dawuniloda vuyimbeleri.
Manana wa perela

**Manana wa perela** kumbe **khwiri ra nghala, mihandzu ya tihunyi** ( mavito ya swiphemu swimbirhi : *Khaya senegalensis* ) i nsinya lowu welaka eka ndyangu wa *Meliaceae* . Manana wa perela u mila hi ntumbuluko eBenin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Riphabliki ra Afrika Xikarhi, Chad, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, na Uganda .
Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio

**Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio** (/pɪˈnoʊkioʊ/ pin-OH-kee-oh; Xitaliyana: *Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino* [le avvenˈtuːre di piˈnɔkkjo ˈstɔːrja di um buratˈtiːno, - dj um -], i.e. "Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio. Mhaka ya Xivumbiwa xa Muti", hi ndlela yo olova ku vuriwa Pinocchio, i buku ya vana ya ntsheketo wa ku anakanya ya 1883 hi mutsari wa IthalyXitaliyana Carlo Collodi. Yi vulavula hi ta swiyimo swa xikhalabye swa xivumbiwa xa marionette lexi vuriwaka Pinocchio ni mutumbuluxi wa xona ni mutswari wa xona, wanuna wa xikuma-kuma wa xitimela lexi vuriwaka Geppetto.

Mhaka leyi yo sungula yi kandziyisiwe hi xivumbeko xa swiphephana swa "Mhaka ya Xivumbiwa xa Muti" (Xitaliyana: La storia di un burattino) eka Giornale per i bambini, yin'we ya timagazini ta ku sungula ta Xitaliyana ta vhiki ta vana, ku sungula hi 7 Mawuwani 1881. Mhaka leyi yi yimile endzhaku ka malembe ya kwalomu ka 4 ni 8 swiyenge eNhlokweni ya 15, kambe hi ku lava loku nga kona ka vahlayi, swiyenge swi ye emahlweni hi 16 Hukuri 1882. Hi Hukuri 1883, mhaka leyi yi kandziyisiwe hi buku yin'we. Ku sukela kwalaho, Pinocchio u ve yin'we ya tibuku leti dumeke ngopfu ta vana naswona yi dzunisiwe swinene.

Xifaniso xa misava hinkwayo ni xifaniso xa xiyimo xa vanhu, buku leyi yi tekiwa tanihi xiphemu xa nkoka xa ntsheketo wa vana naswona yi ve ni nkucetelo lowukulu eka ndhavuko wa misava hinkwayo. Filosofi Benedetto Croce u yi tekile tanihi yin'we ya timhaka leti tlakukeke ta Xitaliyana. Xitori xa yena xi cinciwile eka swihangalasamahungu swo hambana, ngopfu ngopfu filimi ya Disney ya 1940 *Pinocchio*  .

Buku leyi yi hundzuluxeriwile eka tindzimi to fana ni 260 emisaveni hinkwayo, leyi endlaka yin'we ya tibuku leti hundzuluxeriweke swinene emisaveni.
.zw

**.zw** i khodi ya tiko ya inthanete ya domain ya xiyimo xa le henhla ( ccTLD ) ya Zimbabwe . 

Hambi leswi ku nga riki na webusayiti ya rhijisitara leyi kombisiweke eka nxaxamelo wa IANA whois, ku tsarisiwa ka **.co.zw** sweswi ku tekiwa hi Nhlangano wa Vaphakeri va Vukorhokeri bya Inthanete wa Zimbabwe (ZISPA),  lowu tsalwa ra wona ri vulaka leswaku xin’wana xa swikongomelo swa ku simekiwa ka nhlangano a ku ri ku langutela domain **ya .zw** . TelOne yi tlhela yi xaxametiwa tanihi vuhlanganisi bya vufambisi na bya xithekiniki bya domain.

Ku tsarisiwa **ka .ac.zw** ku tekiwa hi Yunivhesiti ya Zimbabwe . Swikombelo swi khomiwa hi Senthara ya Tikhompyuta ya xivandla lexi.  Ku fana na mukhuva wo angarhela, ku tsarisiwa **ka .ac.zw** i ka swivandla swa dyondzo. 

Ku tsarisiwa **ka .org.zw** ku tekiwa hi muphakeri wa vuhlanganisi bya riqingho loyi a nga cinciki wa tiko, TelOne .   Leswi swi endleriwe ku tirhisiwa hi tiNGO, na tinhlengeletano leti fanaka kambe swipimelo swihi na swihi a swi le rivaleni.

**.gov.zw** na **.mil.zw** ti tirhisiwa eka tiwebsite ta masocha na ta mfumo ta Zimbabwe. 

Tidomeni ta .zw ti tirhisiwa hi le hansi ka 0.1% wa tiwebsite hinkwato emisaveni hinkwayo.
Muhlanganisi wa swa timali

**Muhlanganisi wa swa timali** i nhlangano kumbe munhu loyi a yimeke exikarhi ka mavandla mambirhi kumbe ku tlula lama nghenelaka eka xiyimo xa swa timali. Hi ntolovelo, ku na ntlawa wun’we lowu nyikaka xiendliwa/vukorhokeri na ntlawa wun’we lowu nga muxavi kumbe muxavi .

Le Vietnam xikan’we nale matikweni yotala emisaveni hinkwayo, muhlanganisi wa swa timali hakanyingi i nhlangano wa vuhlanganisi eka xiteji xa ku hangalasiwa ka xiphemu xa mali exikarhi ka vakomberi va mali na vakomberi. Hi leswaku, mudyeleki u hundzisela xiphemu xa mali eka nhlangano lowu (e.g. bangi kumbe xikweleti xa nhlengeletano) naswona u hundzisela xiphemu lexi eka mudyeleki/vandla leri tirhisaka mali.

Ku nga vuriwa leswaku vahlanganisi va swa timali i swivandla swa timali leswi hlawulekeke eka migingiriko ya mabindzu eka sekithara ya swa timali na swa timali. Ntirho lowukulu na wa nkarhi na nkarhi wa tinhlengeletano leti i ku hlanganisa xiphemu xa mali lexi nga tirhiki eka ikhonomi, ku tirhisa xiphemu xexo ku phakela swichudeni swilaveko swa xiphemu xa mali na ku nyika vukorhokeri bya swa timali na bya timali byo biha eka vaxavi
Respect mlambo

Dr Respect Mlambo

Dokodela Respect Mlambo i Mutivi wa tindzimi tlhelo mulavisisi wa ririmi ra Xitsonga eka South African Centre for Digital Resources (SADiLaR). Eka mindzavisiso ya yena u languta ngopfu eka mofoloji, semantiki, ku vumbiwa ka marito yantshwa na swin’wani. Respect Mlambo u velekiwile hi ti 15 Sunguti hi lembe ra 1991 edorobeni ra Giyani laha a nga dyondza kona xikolo ku suka eka xikolo xa le hansi ku fikela eka ntangha ya khume.

**Swadyondzo**

Endzhaku ko heta ntangha khume, u vile a kongoma exilungwini laha a tirha swintirhwani ku kondza hi lembe ra 2013 laha a nga sungula tidyondzo ta yena ta BA media studies and languages eyunivhesiti ya Venda. Mlambo u dyondzile eyunivhesiti ya Venda ku kondza a ambexiwa nguvu ya vudokodela hi lembe ra 2024.

Eka swa ntirho u tirhile eyunivhesiti ya Venda eka ndzawulo ya African languages, ku suka kwalanu u sukile a ya tirha tani hi mulavisisi wa ririmi ra Xitsonga eka SADiLaR. Respect Mlambo hi ku tirhisana na van’wani u kandziyisile mapapila yo hlaya nyana laha a ku endliwa vulavisisi eka ririmi ra Xitsonga ku katsa na tin’wani tindzimi to fan ana Xiswati.
Benny mayengani

Bennet Skheto Baloyi (a nga tswariwa hi 11 Sunguti 1979) loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra yena ra vunanga ra President Benny Mayengani I Xiyimbeleri xa vunanga bya Xitsonga xa le Afrika Dzonga. I sungurile ku duma swinene hi lembe ra 2011 loko a humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya ‘*Tiba Ben’*.

Swa Vunanga

Benny Mayengani u tiveka ngopfu hi k uva a tirhile swinene na tinsini to fana na Mr Jambatani, Prince Rhangani, Joe Shirimani na Vana va Ndoda ehansi ka ntlawa wa Limpopo Poison. Hi lembe ra 2011 u humesile album ya yena yo sungula ya ‘*Tiba Ben’* ley inga endla leswaku a va na ndhuma swinene eka vunanga. Hi ti 28 ta Ndzhati hu lembe ra 2013 hi nkarhi wa Xitsonga music awards Benny Mayengani a xaxametiwile eka swiyenge swinharhu swa Best Xitsonga male artist, Best Xitsonga popular song of the year na Best album of the year.

Hi lembe ra 2019 u humesile alibamu ya yena ya vukhume ley inga thyiwa *Ni Happy* ley inga xaxametiwa eka Limpopo music awards eka xiyenge xa Best male artist. Hi ti 27 ta Hikuri 2020 Mayengani u humesile alibamu ya ‘Malambani’ ley inga tshama eka xiyimo xo sungula masiku ya mune hi ku landzelelana eka nxaxameto wa vunanga wa Itunes.

Swa tipolotiki

Ehandle ko va nsini, Benny Mayengani u tlhela a va n’watipolotiki, naswona u ve muyimbeleri wo sungula wa vunanga bya Xitsonga laha a nga kala a va xirho eka huvo  ya vakhanselara eka doroba ra Johannesburg ehansi ka vandla ra EFF hi 2016. Hi 2019 Mayengani u vile a chika eka xitulu xexo laha a nga joyina vandla ra ANC hi 2020. Hi n’hweti ya khotavuxika 2023, Mayengani u tivisile leswaku u pfula vandla ra yena ra tipolotiki ra AADP (Action Alliance Development Party).
Xinghwimbi

**Xinghwimbi** 

Xinghwimbi i swin'wani swa swakudya swa xinto swa Vatsonga leswi a swi dume ngopfu eka minkarhi ya khale. Xinghwimbi xi endliwa hi swifaki swa mitshwandlani, leswo ka swi nga se tiya swi endla mavele naswona swi va swa ha nyanganya xikan'we na timanga leto kandzeriwa.

**Maswekelo**

Loko munhu a lava ku sweka Xinghwimbi u fanele a teka mavele a matsemelela, laha a nga ta suka mimpumpurhu ku sala tindoho ntsena. Ku suka kwalanu mavele ya fanele ku hlantswiwa hi mati yo basa ya cheriwa endzeni ka poto, ivi ku cheriwa mati yo ringanela. loko mavele ya tava ya virile nkarhi wo ringanela ku ta cheriwa timanga to kandzeriwa laha swi nga ta hakasiwa swize swi hlangana.

Xinghwimbi i swakudya leswi swi kalaka eka nkarhi wa sweswi lero vanhu vo tela a va switivi leswaku i yini.
Tsopi

Tshopi

Tshopi i swan'wana swa swakudya swa Vatsonga swa xinto, Tshopi ri swekiwa hi Magwadi kumbe makwembe, mugayu,chukele xikan'we na mati. Eka tsalwa leri hi ta vulavula hi tshopi ra magwadi.
Maswekelo

Loko munhu a lava ku sweka tshopi u ta sungula hi ku vandla magwadi a susa makamba kutani a tsemelela leswaku a susa tinyungu leti kumekaka endzeni. Endzhaku ko vandla no susa tinyungu uta hlantswa gwadi kutani a chela epotweni a tseleka ivi a swi tshika swi vila. Loko swi tava swi virile ku kondza swi vupfa u ta tirhisa nkombe kumbe rifetho ku hakasela ku kondza swi hundzuka mukapu. ku suka kwalanu ku ta laveka mugayu laha swi nga ta phyakuteriwa ingaku kova vuswa ku kondza swi tiya. Tani hi leswi magwadi ma swi dzungelaku nyana, ku ta cheriwa chukele leswaku swi nyanganyela nyana.
Xitsongwatsongwana xa gonimbrasia belina

***Gonimbrasia belina*** i muxaka wa emperor moth lowu tumbulukaka eka tindzhawu leti kufumelaka ta dzonga wa Afrika . Xivungu xa yona lexikulu lexi dyiwaka, lexi tiviwaka tanihi **mophane worm**, **madora**, **amacimbi** “pigeon moth” kumbe **masontja**, xi dya ngopfu kambe ku nga ri matluka ya murhi wa mophane ntsena. Ti mophane worms i xihlovo xa nkoka xa ti protein eka votala eka ndzhawu liya. Muxaka lowu wu hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi sayense hi John O. Westwood hi 1849.

## Ku tiveka

Switsotswana leswi i swikulu naswona swina timpapa ta 120&nbsp;mm. Timpapa tina mihlovo ya fawn kuya eka tinxaka ta rihlaza na buraweni kuya eka to tshwuka, na mabandhi mambirhi ya ntima na yo basa lawa ya hambanisaka swivati swa mahlo . Xivati xa mahlo xa orenji xi kona eka ripapa rin’wana ni rin’wana ra le ndzhaku . Ti moths ta xinuna tina ti feathery antennaes, leti tirhisiwaka ku kuma munghana. Ti larvae i ta ntima, ti peperiwile hi swikalo swa xirhendzevutani eka mabandhi ya rihlaza ro basa na yotshuka lawa ya cincanaka lawa yanga vonakiki, naswona ya hlomile hi misiha yo koma ya ntima kumbe yotshuka leyi funengetiweke hi voya byo basa byo basa.
Ku kufumela

**Temperate** i ndzhawu ya maxelo leyi kumekaka eka ti latitudes kusuka eka subtropical kuya eka ti polar circles ta Misava, exikarhi ka tindzhawu to hisa na to titimela, mpfhuka kusuka eka tropics kuya eka polar circle eka ti hemispheres leti hatimbirhi. Vunyingi bya ndzhawu leyi papamalaka ya zone leyi yitshama e Northern Hemisphere, laha kungana xiphemu lexintsongo ntsena eka Southern Hemisphere. Tindzhawu leti kufumelaka ti kombisa tinguva leti baseke naswona ti kona eka Northern na Southern Hemispheres . Maxelo eka ndzhawu leyi yasuka eka maxelo yale lwandle lawa yanga na ku cinca cinca lokuntsongo ka mahiselo xikan’we na mpfula yale henhla kuya eka maxelo ya tikonkulu lawa yanga na ku cinca cinca lokukulu ka mahiselo naswona ya omile swinene. Hi tlhelo ra meteorology, tindhawu to tala leti hisaka ti ni mimoya leyi nga kona leyi nga evupela-dyambu-vuxa.

## Ku hambana ka mbango

Ntumbuluko wo kufumela wu cinca eka tinguva ta mune: ximun’wana, ximumu, ximun’wana, xixika. Ndzhawu yo kufumela nayona ya hambana kuya hi ndzhawu yin’wana kuya eka yin’wana kuya hi latitude, nkucetelo wa maboboma ya lwandle na mimoya yo kufumela yale vupela dyambu.

West Coast ya tikonkulu leri yikuceteriwa hi maboboma yo hisa ya lwandle xikan’we na mimoya yo kufumela ya West, hikokwalaho yina ndzhawu yo kufumela ya lwandle : leyi tsakamaka lembe hinkwaro, ximumu xo kufumela, xixika xo titimela ngopfu. Loko u nghena endzeni ka tiko, ntumbuluko wa tiko-nkulu wu ya wu va erivaleni: mpfula ya hunguteka hakatsongo-tsongo, xixika xa titimela naswona gamboko yi na ngopfu naswona ximumu xa hisa. Swimilani swi cinca hakatsongotsongo kusuka evupela dyambu kuya evuxeni: makhwati ya matluka yo anama ya cinca kuya eka makhwati lawa ya pfanganisiweke naswona ekuheteleleni makhwati ya coniferous.

Eka ti latitudes leti tlakukeke, xixika xa titimela swinene naswona xi lehe, ximumu xa koma naswona ku na mpfula. Ekusuhi na Tropic of Cancer, kuna ndzhawu ya Mediterranean: ximumu xo hisa & xo oma, xixika xo kufumela, mpfula yotala hi xixika na xixika. Swimilani na swona swa cinca kusuka en’walungwini kuya e dzongeni: makhwati ya coniferous ya cinca kuya eka makhwati lawa ya pfanganisiweke kutani ya hundzuka ti savannas na makhwati ya mitwa ya scrub.

## Vona swo tala

* Maxelo yo titimela yo kufumela
* Maxelo ya le lwandle
* Maxelo ya tiko-nkulu
* Titimela
* Xifundzha xa le tindhawini to hisa
* Subtropical
* Tindhawu ta maxelo
Vasco da Gama

D. **Vasco da Gama, Mufumi wo Sungula wa Vidigueira** (  – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach India by sea.

Riendzo ra yena rosungula roya e India hi ndlela ya Cape of Good Hope  (1497–1499) akuri rosungula ku hlanganisa Europe na Asia hi ndlela ya lwandle, leyi hlanganisaka Atlantic na malwandle ya India. Lexi a ku ri xiendlakalo xa nkoka eka ku lavisisa ka le lwandle ka Maputukezi tanihi naswona xi funghe masungulo ya xiyenge lexi sekeriweke elwandle xa ku hlanganisiwa ka misava hinkwayo .  Ku tshuburiwa ka ndlela ya lwandle leyi yaka e India hi Da Gama swi pfule ndlela ya nguva ya vuimperiyali bya misava hinkwayo naswona swi endle leswaku Maputukezi ya kota ku simeka mfumo wa vukoloni lowu nga tshama nkarhi wo leha endleleni yo suka eAfrika ku ya eAsia. Ku famba hi ndlela ya lwandle swi pfumelele Maputukezi ku papalata ku tsemakanya Lwandle ra Mediteraniya leri ku kanetiwaka ngopfu ha rona ni ku tsemakanya Nhlonhle ya Maarabu leyi nga ni khombo . Nhlayo ya mpfhuka lowu fambisiweke eka maendzo yo ya ehandle ni yo tlhelela yi endle leswaku riendzo leri ri va riendzo ro leha swinene ra lwandle leri tshameke ri endliwa ku fikela hi nkarhi wolowo. 

Endzhaku ka makume ya malembe ya vatluti va ringeta ku fika e Indies, laha magidi ya vutomi bya magidi na swikepe swotala swi lahlekeke eka ku tshoveka ka swikepe na nhlaselo, da Gama yi fike yi dzima e Calicut hi May 20, 1498. Ku nghena handle ko kanetiwa eka tindlela ta swipayisisi ta le Indiya swi tlakusile ikhonomi ya Mfumo wa Portugal, lowu khale a wu sekeriwe etlhelo ka Afrika Vupeladyambu N'walungu na le ribuweni ra lwandle . Swinun’hweriso leswikulu leswi eku sunguleni a swi kumiwa eDzonga-vuxa bya Asia a ku ri phepha ni sinamoni, kambe hi ku hatlisa swi katsa swilo swin’wana, hinkwaswo leswi a swi ri swintshwa eYuropa. Portugal ri hlayise vulawuri bya mabindzu bya swixavisiwa leswi ku ringana makume yo hlayanyana ya malembe. A ku ri endzhaku ka lembe-xidzana laha mimfumo yin’wana ya le Yuropa yi koteke ku tlhontlha vulawuri bya Portugal lebyi nga ni vulawuri byin’we ni ku fuma ka masocha ya le matini eCape Route .

Da Gama u rhangele timbirhi ta ma -India Armadas ya le Portugal, yo sungula ni ya vumune. Leyo hetelela a yi ri yikulu swinene naswona yi suke yi ya eIndiya endzhaku ka malembe manharhu a vuyile eka yo sungula. Hikwalaho ka minyikelo yakwe, hi 1524 da Gama u hlawuriwe ku va Holobye wa le Indiya, a ri ni xithopo xa Viceroy, naswona u xiximiwile tanihi Count of Vidigueira hi 1519. U tshama ari munhu loyi a rhangelaka eka matimu ya ku hlota, naswona ku xiximiwa emisaveni hinkwayo ku tlangele ku hlota ka yena na ku humelela ka yena. Xitlhokovetselo xa rixaka xa Xiputukezi, *Os Lusíadas*, xi tsariwe ku n’wi xixima hi Luís de Camões .