Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

**Winnie Madikizela-Mandela**, OLS (Vito ro tswariwa **Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela**; 26 Ndhzati 1936 – 2 Dzivamisoko 2018), athlela a tiviwa tanihi **Winnie Mandela**, akuri mulweri wantshuxeko wale Afrika Dzonga, athlela ava khlale ka nsati wa Nelson Mandela. Utirhelile tanihi xirho xa phalamendhe ya tiko kusikela hi lembe ra 1994 kuya eka 2003, naswona kusukela hi lembe ra 2009 kufikela loko a lova, athlela ava xandla ya murhangeri wa ndawulo kusukela hi lembe ra 1994 kuya eka 1996. Tani hi xirho xa vandla ra swatipolitiki ra African National Congress (ANC), uthlele a tirha eka huvo-nkulu ya vandla naswona a thlela a rhangela rhavi ra vandla ra vamanana. Madikizela-Mandela uthlela ativiwa hivalandzeri vakwe tani hi "Mhani wa rixaka".

Winnie utswariwe ekaya ramaMpondo eBizana, naswona a a dyondzele tidyondzo ta nhlayiso ya vanhu (social worker), athlela a tekana na mulwela-ntshuxeko wa nkarhi wa xihlawu-hlawu Nelson Mandela e Joni hi 1958; ava tekanile kwalomu ka 38 wa malembe naswona avakatekisiwe hi vana vambirhi. Hi lembe ra 1963, loko Mandela atava a khotsiwile endzhaku ka huvo ya Rivonia; uvile nhlonge yale rivaleni eka malembe ya 27 laha Nelson Mandela a a khotsiwile e xihlaleni xa Robben. Eka nkarhi wolowo, Winnie u thlandlukile eka vurhangeri bya mintlawa ya valweri va ntshuxeko. Ukhotsiwile hi mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu eka makhambi yo hlaya, athlela a xanisiwa minkarhi yohlaya kuhlanganisa na ku thlakisiwa ayisiwa etikweni-xikaya ra Bramford.

Eka malembe yava 1980, Winnie ulumbetiwe hi kufuma hi kuchavisa naswona ari muluthanyi wa mandzolonga e Soweto, leswi landzeriweke hiku bakanyiwa hi minhlangano ya vulwela-ntshuxeko, athlela a tshinyiwa hi nhlangano wakwe wa ANC. Huvo ya ntiyiso na ndzivalelwano (TRC) leyi simekiweke hi nuna wakwe yibohe leswaku a a kumeka hlanganisiwa eka mpfilu-mpfilu wo xanaisa vanhu leyi a yi rhangeirwa hi xipanu xa mintlangu ya bholo ya "Mandela United Football Club", lexi a xin'wisirhelela. Winnie u henhliwe hi ku pfumelela kuvutliwa; xanisiwa na kuhisiwa ka vanhu lava ava hehliwa kuva vatirheli va mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu eka vanhu lava kuhlanganisiwa na Stompie Sepei, n'wana loyi a a ri na malembe ya 14

Nelson Mandela na Winnie Mandela va hambanile hi lembe ra 1992, naswona vadlaya vukati hiximfumo hi lembe ra 1996 eka nwheti ya Nyenyankulu. Winnie uvhakele khale ka nuna wakwe eka vuvabyi bya kwe bya makumu.

## Matimu

A a ri Mpondo , loyi a velekiweke emugangeni wa Mbongweni  eBizana, ePondoland, laha sweswi ku nga xifundzhankulu xa Eastern Cape . I n’wana wa vumune endyangwini wa vamakwavo va 9 (8 wa vanhwanyana na 1 wa jaha).

U dyondzele ntirho wa vaaki eXikolweni xa Ntirho wa Vanhu xa Jan Hofmeyr naswona u thwasile hi 1956  . Endzhaku ka malembe ma nga ri mangani, u thwasile hi digri ya bachelor eka vuxaka bya matiko ya misava eYunivhesiti ya Witwatersrand  . U tshame etindhawini to tala to fana na Bizana, Shawbury na Joni . Ntirho wa yena wo sungula a ku ri ku va mutirhela-mfumo wa vaaki exibedlhele xa Baragwanath eSoweto  .

Hi lembe ra 1958, u tekile mulwela-xihlawuhlawu Nelson Mandela eJoni, a va na vana vambirhi kutani a dlaya vukati hi 1996.

Hi 1963, endzhaku ka loko nuna wa yena a pfaleriwe ekhotsweni, u ve muyimeri wa yena wa le rivaleni eka malembe ya 27 ya yena ekhotsweni.

Hi nkarhi wolowo, u yime a lwisana ni milawu ya xihlawuhlawu ya mfumo hi nkarhi wolowo. Hikwalaho, u khomiwile minkarhi yo tala, a boheka ku tiyisela ku xanisiwa  ni ku pfaleriwa a ri yexe ku ringana tin’hweti to tala.

## Mintshaho

## Mintshaho yale handle

* Winnie Mandela on IMDb
* Winnie Mandela (Character) on IMDb
* "Fall of Winnie Mandela Began Nearly 2 Years Ago; Erratic Behavior Preceded Recent Violence" , The Washington Post, 18 February 1989
* "Winnie Mandela on bank fraud charges", Telegraph, 15 October 2001
* "Mrs Mandela defies accusers" , Telegraph, 5 December 1997
* "Winnie Mandela 'had hand in boy's murder'" , Telegraph, 9 December 1997
* "Special Investigation into the Mandela United Football Club" 
* ''The Lady: the life and times of Winnie Mandela'' by Emma Gilbey. London: Vintage, 1994. 
* NEC statement on Mandela Football Club, 19 February 1989
* "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Biography Summary"
* "Winnie Mandela and the Moffies"
* Report on Winnie Mandela (dead link) on *Japan Today News*
* Can Winnie Mandela's Heroism Outshine her Crimes? by *BBC News*, 25 January 2010