Vincent van Gogh

**Vincent Willem van Gogh** (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) ari muvalangi wa Dutch Post-Impressionist, un’wana wa vanhu lava dumeke swinene na nkucetelo eka matimu ya vutshila bya le Vupela dyambu. Hi malembe yo tlula khume ntsena, u endle mintirho ya vutshila ya kwalomu ka 2 100, ku katsa ni swifaniso swa oyili swa kwalomu ka 860, leswi vunyingi bya swona swi endleke eka malembe mambirhi yo hetelela ya vutomi bya yena.  Ntirho wa yena wu katsa swifaniso swa misava, vutomi lebyi nga tsekatsekiki, swifaniso swa swifaniso na swifaniso swa yena n'wini, leswi vunyingi bya swona swi tivekaka hi mihlovo yo tiya na ku tirha ka burachi loku hoxeke xandla eka ku tlakuka ka ku kombisa ku kombisa eka vutshila bya manguva lawa . Ntirho wa Van Gogh a wu sungula ku kuma nyingiso wa vaxopaxopi a nga si fa hikwalaho ka ku titlhavela hi xibamu a ri na malembe ya 37.  Hi nkarhi wa vutomi bya yena, i xin’we ntsena xa swifaniso swa van Gogh, *The Red Vineyard*, lexi xavisiweke. 

Leswi a velekiweke endyangwini wa xiyimo xa le henhla xa le xikarhi, van Gogh u dirowile loko a ha ri n’wana naswona a a ri ni vuxiyaxiya, a a rhulile naswona a a ehleketa, kambe a a kombisa swikombiso swa ku nga tshamiseki emianakanyweni . Loko a ha ri jaha, u tirhe tanihi muxavisi wa vutshila, hakanyingi a a famba-famba, kambe u sungule ku tshikileleka endzhaku ka loko a hundziseriwe eLondon. U hundzukele eka vukhongeri kutani a heta nkarhi a ri murhumiwa edzongeni wa Belgium . Endzhakunyana u khulukele eka rihanyo leri nga riki rinene ni ku va a ri yexe. A a yi tiva swinene mikhuva ya manguva lawa eka vutshila naswona, loko a vuyile na vatswari va yena, u teke ntirho wo penda hi 1881. Makwavo wa yena lontsongo, Theo, u n’wi seketerile hi timali, naswona havambirhi va tshame va tsalelana nkarhi wo leha .

Mintirho yo sungula ya Van Gogh yi vumbiwa ngopfu hi swifaniso leswi nga tsekatsekiki ni swifaniso swa vatirhi va varimi . Hi 1886, u rhurhele eParis, laha a hlanganeke ni swirho swa vutshila bya *avant-garde*, ku katsa na Émile Bernard na Paul Gauguin, lava a va lava tindlela letintshwa leti tlulaka Impressionism . Hiku hlundzukisiwa e Paris naswona a hlohloteriwa hi moya lowu kulaka wa ku cinca ka vutshila na ntirhisano, hi February 1888, van Gogh u rhurhele e Arles e dzongeni wa Furwa kuya simeka ndzhawu yo wisa ya vutshila na commune. Loko va fika kwalaho, vutshila bya van Gogh byi cincile. Swifaniso swa yena swi sungule ku vonakala naswona u hundzuluxele nyingiso wa yena eka misava ya ntumbuluko, a kombisa mirhi ya mitlhwari ya kwalaho, masimu ya koroni na swiluva swa dyambu . Van Gogh u rhambe Gauguin leswaku a ta n’wi joyina eArles naswona u langutele hi mahlo-ngati ku fika ka Gauguin hi xixika xa 1888.

Van Gogh u khomiwe hi swiendlakalo swa vuvabyi bya mianakanyo ni ku kanganyisa . Hambileswi a a karhateka hi ku tshamiseka ka yena emianakanyweni, hakanyingi a a honisa rihanyo ra yena ra miri, a nga dyi kahle naswona a a nwa ngopfu. Vunghana bya yena na Gauguin byi hele endzhaku ko lwisana ni xirhendzevutana loko, hi ku hlundzuka, a tseme ndleve yakwe ya ximatsi. Van Gogh u hete nkarhi a ri eswibedlhele swa vuvabyi bya mianakanyo, ku katsa ni nkarhi wo karhi eSaint -Rémy . Endzhaku ka loko a humile exibedlhele kutani a rhurhela eAuberge Ravoux eAuvers-sur-Oise ekusuhi na Paris, u ve ehansi ka vukorhokeri bya dokodela wa homeopathic Paul Gachet . Ntshikelelo wa yena wa mianakanyo wu hambete wu ri kona, naswona hi ti 27 Nhlangula 1890, ku tshembiwa leswaku van Gogh u tidlayile hi ku ti duvula exifuveni hi xibamu, naswona u file hikwalaho ka ku vaviseka ka yena endzhaku ka masiku mambirhi.

Ntirho wa Van Gogh wu sungule ku koka rinoko ra vutshila bya vaxopaxopi eka lembe ro hetelela ra vutomi bya yena. Endzhaku ka rifu ra yena, vutshila na xitori xa vutomi bya van Gogh swi khome miehleketo ya vaaki tani hi xikombiso xa vutlhari lebyi nga twisisiwiki, leswi swi vangiwa ngopfu hi matshalatshala ya sesi wa yena wa noni Johanna van Gogh-Bonger .   Ku tirhisa ka yena mihlovo hi xivindzi, layini yo kombisa na ku cheriwa ka pende hi ndlela yo tiya swi hlohlotele mintlawa ya vutshila bya avant-garde kufana na Fauves na German Expressionists ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 20. Ntirho wa Van Gogh wu humelerile swinene eka vaxopaxopi ni le ka mabindzu eka makume ya malembe lama landzeleke, naswona u hundzuke xifaniso lexi nga heriki xa mianakanyo ya rirhandzu ya mutshila la xanisiweke . Namuntlha, swifaniso swa van Gogh i swin’wana swa swifaniso leswi durhaka swinene emisaveni hinkwayo leswi tshameke swi xavisiwa . Ndzhaka ya yena yi xiximiwa no tlangeriwa hi Van Gogh Museum e Amsterdam, leyi khomaka nhlengeleto lowukulu swinene emisaveni hinkwayo wa swifaniso swa yena na swifaniso swa yena.