Ntangu

**Ntangu**  i nchumu wa xiambalo xa milenge lexi  hi ntolovelo xi kumekaka xingari xinwe kambe swi fambaka hi vumbirhi-mbirhi leswi endleriweke ku sirhelela ni ku chavelela milenge  ya munhu, hakanyingi ntangu yi endliwa hi ndlela leyi xin’wana xi endleriwaka ku ringanela nenge wa ximatsi kasi lowun’wana wu endleriwa nenge wa xinene.

Hambi leswi nenge wa munhu wu nga tolovelaka tindhawu to hambana-hambana na swiyimo swa mavumbelo , wa sirheleleka, naswona tintangu ti nyika nsirhelelo lowu kamberiweke . Xivumbeko a xi boheleriwe eka ntirho, kambe hi ku famba ka nkarhi, tintangu na tona ti ve swilo swa fexeni. Tintangu tin'wana ti ambariwa tanihi switirhisiwa swa vuhlayiseki, ku fana na Tibutsu ta nsimbi leti endleriweke vanhu ngopfu ngopfu vo tirha timayeni naleka esikomu ku komba vuhlayiseki , lebyi ngale ka xiyimo xale henhla .

Hiku engeta , hakanyingi swiambalo swi hundzuke swivumbeko swo tala swo hambana-hambana; hi xikombiso, swirhendze leswi tlakukeke, swi tala ku ambariwa hi vavasati hi nkarhi wa swiendlo  swo lava ku saseka. Tintangu ta manguva lawa ti hambana swinene hi xitayili, ku rharhangana na ntsengo. masandhazi ya na  xisekelo tingava na sole yo olova ntsena na mabhandhi yo olova naswona ti xavisiwa hi ntsengo wale hansi. Tintangu ta fexeni ti le henhla leti endliweke hi vaendli va swiambalo , lava dumeke ti nga ha endliwa hi swilo swo durha, ti tirhisa ku aka loku hlawuriweke naswona ti xavisiwa hi ntsengo wale henhla. Tintangu tin’wana ti endleriwe swikongomelo swokarhi, kufana na maphaxani lawa ya endleriweke ngopfu ku khandziya tintshava kumbe ku skier, kasi tin’wana tina matirhiselo yo angarhela swinene kufana na swin’wetsin’wetsi leswi hundzukeke kusuka eka rivala ra mintlangu hi xikongomelo xo hlawuleka kuya eka mhaka ya  matirhiselo yo angarhela.

Hi ndhavuko, swiambalo a swi endliwa hi xikhumba , mapulanga kumbe canvas, kambe swi ya swi endliwa hi rhaba, tipulasitiki, ni swilo swin’wana leswi humaka eka tikhemikhali ta petiroliyamu .  Emisaveni hinkwayo, bindzu ra swiambalo i bindzu ra R200 wa tibiliyoni hi lembe.  90% wa tintangu ti hetelela ti ri eka tindhawu to lahlela kona thyaka, hikuva switirhisiwa swa tika ku swi hambanisa, ku swi vuyisa kumbe ku swi tirhisa nakambe hi ndlela yin’wana. 

Tintangu tosungula leti tivekaka i ti sagebrush bark sandals letinga sungula kwalomu ka 10,500 BP kuya eka 9200 BP, leti kumiweke e Fort Rock Cave exifundzheni xa US xa Oregon hi 1938.  Xihlangi xa khale swinene xa dzovo emisaveni hinkwayo, lexi endliweke kusuka eka xiphemu xin’we xa dzovo ra homu leri bohiweke hi ntambhu ya dzovo etlhelo ka swirhabyani emahlweni nale ndzhaku, xikumeke eka Areni-1 cave complex e Armenia hi 2008 naswona kutshembiwa leswaku yisungule hi 3500 BC.  ]   Xihlangi xa Jotunheimen xi tshuburiwile hi August 2006: vayimburi va ringanyeta leswaku xihlangi lexi xa dzovo xi endliwile exikarhi ka 1800 na 1100 BC,   leswi endlaka leswaku kuva xitirhisiwa xa khale swinene xa swiambalo lexi tshuburiweke e Scandinavia. Sandals na switirhisiwa swin’wana leswi endliweke hi fibre ya swimilani swikumeke e Cueva de los Murciélagos e Albuñol e dzongeni wa Spain hi 2023, leswinga sungula kwalomu ka 7500 kuya eka 4200 BC, leswinga endla leswaku kuva leswi kutshembiwaka kuva swihlangi swa khale swinene leswi kumekaka e Europe.