South Africa

thumb|Flag of South Africa- Kwoci Tuhunac Afrika（南非國旗）|alt=Flag of South Africa|286x286px

= South Africa（南非） =
thumb|File:South Africa Coat Of Arms.svg-Kwohwey.(國徽)
Gaga kska Meycow ka South africa, 29 00 S, 24 00 E ka gaga na nniqan.
Kana ka knlbangan na o 1,219,090 sq km（hangan na o Tg25）
(knlbanga dxgal o 1,214,470 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 4,620 sq km). 
Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 54,300,704 hiyi. 
Gaga Pretoria ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 27 idas 4 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. 
Manu ka dxgal South africa ga wada sugan 79.40%  ka dxgal qpahan, 7.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 13% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jacob Zuma, pnaah hngkawas2009 idas 5 jiyax 9pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
thumb|File:Location South Africa AU Africa.svg-Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay.（自然地理位置）
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

= Tuhunac Afrika(南非) =
**Tuhunac Afrika Konghkwo** (Kari Tuhunac Afrika: Republiek van Suid-Afrika [rɛpɵˈblik fan səitˈafrikɑː], kari Ingkoku: Republic of South Africa),splawa dha Tuhunac Afrika (kari Tuhunac Afrika: Suid-Afrika [səitˈafrikɑː], kari Ingkoku: South Africa), wa mniq Afrika tuhunac balay, tuhunac u pnstrngan Tasiyang mi tuhunac Ucilung India na konghkwo. Knbeyhing tndxral Tuhunac Afrika pa hmrinas 122 knbkiyan pinghwang km,knbeyhing dxral mi knhbrawan hiyi sediq u tnbkuwan tu24 knkana qnlangan, quri so ‘Qnlhangan Kcka Qnlhangan’ Lesotho (1,106km knbbaraw ka ayus) mniq kcka dxral Tuhunac Afrika daw wada mkingal Kcka Mskaya Dxral.    

## Ri-s(歷史)

### Pusu tyawmu: Rikisi Tuhunac Afrika.
縮圖|File:South Africa - population migrations.svg-各族群的人口在不同時期陸續遷移到南非，形成了現今的「彩虹之國」。

#### Mcbiyaw balay sucyeyn kawkuswey(史前考古學)
縮圖|File:MapungubweHill.jpg-馬蓬古布韋山，馬蓬古布韋王國前首都的遺址。
縮圖|File:F. Benda-The planting of cross by Bartholomew Dias in 1488-0681 (cropped).jpg-葡萄牙探險家巴爾托洛梅烏·迪亞士是首位成功繞過好望角海峽的人，並在開普角種下十字架。
縮圖|File:Charles Bell - Jan van Riebeeck se aankoms aan die Kaap.jpg-查爾斯·戴維森·貝爾在19世紀的油畫。畫中描繪揚·范里貝克於1652年抵達桌灣，並建立了歐洲人在南非的首個定居點。
Tuhunac Afrika u niqan duma qnlangan babaw dxral knrudan balay kawku mi hwasu ssdiq hniti tuqar cbiyaw balay. Kawku sweycya u wada kndadax Hawtng Sng kcka knkingal bling sndiyal smku knou bay hwasu mi buc ssdiq cbiyaw. Pnsliyan Cyawkwen UN u wada dha ngalan Jaysang Hniti Qnlangan Tuhunac Afrika uri, splawa ‘Pusu Pnyahan Ssediq’. Kngkawas 1924, Raymond Dart u mniq Tuiwil Daya Sng kingal alang Taung sndiyal tu1 hwasu ssediq- Laqi Taung. Ya bay kndadax brah kongweyn 500 kngkawas cida, sediq San mniq Afrika tuhunac phiyu knkana umaduk lmamu mi spuda qqpahan tmabu tnbuwan ka pusu uuda keyjay. Dsediq San niyi so ka sediq mptabu tnbuwan niya pa splawa dha ‘Sediq Khoikhoi’ (Dungus niya u ‘Ssediq’), kiya u kcka tnpusu mniq tndxral hiya u splawa dha ‘Sediq Bushmen’ (Dungus niya ka ‘Sediq Lmiqu’). Spuda qnbsyaqan bay msturung mi pnspuwan dara daw, ddha minjoku niyi u wada msediq Khoisan. 
縮圖|File:ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg-「供白人使用」——以英語及南非語寫上的種族隔離標誌。

### Konghkwo(共和國)
Kngkkawas 1960 prading, duma qnlhangan u prading tbrinah ini sruwa pnwaya psanak minjoku Tuhunac Afrika, binaw alaw muda pnwaya psanak mnjoku ka Tuhunac Afrika, kiya ka mnuda ‘Snklwiyan Pnskraya Keyjay’. Kiya u mniq kngkkawas 1960 dhuq kngkkawas 1970 jiday, malu muda pnsung qnlangan cida wada ini biyaw mrana na Nihong, wada dha splawa sa ‘Knbeyhing Sediq Keyjay Afrika’. Dhuq kngkkawas 1980 jiday, knbeyhing balay hmtur uuda u beytaq pkrana dhiq Pchuwan Kwoci mi wada malax tocu ka qnlhangan icil, kiya ka wada dndulan ka keyjay Tuhunac Afrika.

Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi mi Hari Schwarz mniq kngkawas 1974 pbatas pnsdhuwan “Pnkla Kari Snhiyan Mahrabatini”, snbeyhing quri psblayaq rinji muda biyax mi mntna kana ka txtaxa sediq ka pusu niya, kiya Tuhunac Afrika mpdudul dha qalux sediq mi bhuway sediq muwaya bay tumn1 wada mnhdu pbatas quri pnsdhuwan niyi.

Kngkawas 1989 cida Frederik Willem de Klerk ka psdhuwan phiyu soto qnlhangan, wada plaxan ka pnwaya psanak minjoku kiya mi pdudul dukurici ka Tuiwil hunac Afrika. Kngkawas 1990 idas 2 diyax 9, Namibia u wada pbatas psdhu keyngpo dha mi snpeyyah qnlhangan Tuhunac Afrika dukuricu. Mntna kngkawas cida, wada pkla kari ka Tuhunac Afrika sliqun dha ka howuku dha, kiya mi tumal “Patas PnsdhuwanUxay Pkrana Howuci”. 

Kngkawas 1994 idas 3 diyax 1, Tuhunac Afrika u wada dha subway Namibia ka Ppanan Asu Walvis mi Penguin Cyuntaw. Idas 4, Tuhunac Afrika u muwaya bay mntxan muda Ini psanak minjoku seyngkyo, uxay wana niyi, Tuhunac Afrika u wada snburah tumal Ta Ing kwoswey Dungan, kiya mi wada mtumal mnTuhunac Afrika Pkrana Kongtongti.  
縮圖|File:South Africa - Drakensberg (16261357780).jpg-德拉肯斯堡是大陡崖的東部與最高部分，環繞著非洲南部中央高原的東、南及西部邊界。

## Ti-ri(地理)

### Pusu tyawmu: Lnlingay dxral Tuhunac Afrika.
Juga dxral u pntura Tuhunac Afrika pusu balay nniqan lnlingay dxral dha. Mqalux kndux seyng ka kndadax pnspuwan Tubeyhing Doras tukcka tubaraw brnux tnayus, Tubeyhing Doras tubaraw dudux balay u dhuq hmrinas 3,000m. Tunarac mbanah seyng ka Tudu Dwiyaq Drakensberg,tudu dwiyaq niyi u kiya ka wada mtnayus Kwa Zulu-Natal Sng mi Lesotho. Uxay wana katu doras mi tudu ddwiyaq ka wada ptura bay tnayus, msngari mlngu bnatas ka dxral pa uka mndungus bay pnsnakan ayus. Kcka duma klaun dxral u niqan rncuhan rakaw, duma dxral u wana spuda hangan dha muda pkla. 

Tuhunac Afrika u wa mniq tuhunac hungun balay Afrika, mkngahu ucilung seyng u muru tuhunac Tasiyang mi tuhunac Ucilung India lmutuc hmrinas 2,500km, kiya mi dxral qnlhangan u dhuq 1,219,912 pinghwang km. Spuda “Patas Kngkawas Knhbrawan Hiyi Sediq UN”, tnbkuwan qnlangan tu24 knbeyhing qnlhangan ka Tuhunac Afrika. 

## Kngkarac(氣候)
Tuhunac Afrika u Mtilux Sspriq Brnux Kngkarac ka pusu. Tasiyang mi Ucilung India psanak kndadax tunarac, tuhunac, tuiwil tu3 pnyahan mtqiri Tuhunac Afrika, hniqan dxral u tudaya ka baraw mi tuhunac ka truma, kngkarac u kndadax tuiwil daya ka Nanobi Bnaqi Bbuyu, tuhunac ka Mtilux Balay Kndnguwan Dmka Kndnguwan Kngkarac dhuq tunarac ka Mtilux Hari Kngkarac. Misan u mniq kawas kawas idas 6 dhuq idas 8.
縮圖|File:Die Transvaler Referendum.JPG-1960年10月5日《川斯瓦人報》（Die Transvaler）的頭版，宣告共和制以70,000票之差勝出。

### Sngwu Twoyangsing.(生物多樣性)
Tuhunac Afrika mniq kngkawas 1994 idas 6 diyax 4 pbatas pnsdhuwan “Pnsdhuwan Sngwu twoyangsing”, wada pwaya mndungus patas pnsdhuwan Qnlhangan Sngwu Twoyangsing Canrwey mi Singtong Keykaku. Mniq qnlangan u 17 ka kcka Cawci Sngwu Twoyangsing Qnlhangan Tongmong, tnbkuwan tu6 ka Tuhunac Afrika.
### Ccamac(動物)
Kiya ka knkana rayung Transva, lqlic Afrika, lqlic Tuhunac Afrika, bhuway sinyo tuhunac, dapa dmay tukarac urung, miric nyeyncyaw, miric heypan, huling bbuyu, homa, kiya mi bbaraw waru rqnux Tuhunac Afrika uri mi ou bay punuh ccamac u malu qtan mniq kcka kwanmucong spriq. Kiya mi Tuhunac Afrika u niqan ou bay tukubeycu kluwan ccamac lmiqu, kcka u kiya ka knkana mniq nniqan Karoo uxay biyaw mpuka ka osagey Tuhunac Afrika. 

### Cyunrey(菌類)
Dhuq kngkawas 1945, Tuhunac Afrika u wada hmrinas 4,900 kluwan bntasan ka cncyun (kiya ka knkana wada mnLukus Dxral na kluwan uri). Kngkawas 2006 cida, Tuhunac Afrika u ya bay niqan 20 knbkiyan cncyun (ini spuwi ka mnsdan mudus kuwi niya); spuda snpuwan dha matas, knou cncyun Tuhunac Afrika u rmabang knou qqhuni mi pphpah. 
縮圖|File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg-納爾遜·曼德拉，是南非歷史上首位黑人總統。

### Qqhuni mi pphpah(植物)
Qqhuni mi pphpah twoyangsing Tuhunac Afrika u kari bay mi mndungus balay, niqan hmrinas 22,000 kluwanan ini pntna kawtng qqhuni mi pphpah, kiya ka kana qnlangan knklan kluwanan qqhuni mi pphpah ya bay 9%. Qtan bay sngwu cyunrwo ka sspriq brnux, kcka hini pusu bay u niqan rcya king hohwan mi qhuni paycu.

### Quri so pawyu(保育問題)
Mniq cuxal 40 kngkawas, wada uka ka knbeyhing bay dxral cisi ida nkiya Tuhunac Afrika, pusu balay ka 19 th cida scuqi hbaraw ka sediq, mrana ka alang mkbrnux mi kmuruc qhuni lmiqu. Kiya uri u niqan ou bay ka kluwanan pneyyah qnlhangan icil (Mray so qhuni qalux cing, maingta kiya mi phpah tukarac ing) quri so tndxral sngwu twoyangsing u wada knbeyhing bay snrdingan niya.
縮圖|File:Uniegebou.jpg-位於普勒托利亞的聯合大廈——行政所在地。

## Cng-c mi Cng-fu(政治與政府)
Pusu tyawmu: Seyhu Tuhunac Afrika, seyji Tuhunac Afrika, horicu Tuhunac Afrika mi biyax sediq Thunac Afrika.      

### Pnsliyan Seyhu(政府結構)
Tuhunac Afrika ka Gikay Konghkwo, binaw tuhuy quri so konghkwo niyi u ini pntna, soto ka qnlhangan weynso mi pusu tunux mpdudul seyhu uri. Diyax iyax qpahun soto u 5 kngkawas, malu mn2 mangal qpahun soto. Soto u malu dmurun phiyu huku soto mi knkingal bu bbucyo, kiya mi bucyo mi knkingal dnudul niya pumn ka muda pssli Neyko. Kokomin Gikay u malu muda ini snhiyi tongyi muda tanho soto mi neyko. Singcng, phiyu waya mi suhwa u to bay sqlhangan mdakar keyngpo kana, nasi smliq waya keyngpo, sangci hoing u niqan biyax hmtur singcng cikwan mi ndan gikay.       

### Horicu(法律)
Soweto u pskoraw kngkawas 2012 tumal na sediq u kangyi smquri ptuluk qridin tongsingryeynco. Tuhunac Afrika u niqan mdhu bay qmlahang waya biyax sediq, binaw ida niqan duma cyunti ka thqilan dha mita. Tuhunac Afrika ka Afrika tu1 smruwa tongsing msturung niya qnlhangan.

“Keyngpo Tuhunac Afrika” ka Tuhunac Afrika tubaraw bay horicu, waya niyi ka nniqan konghkwo pndungus lxanan horicu, pwaya biyax mi qpahun kongmin, kiya mi muda mku psanak ddaun seyhu.

### Pnluban waycyaw(外交關係)
Kngkawas 1948 dhuq kngkawas 1990 jiday prading, bhuway seyhu Tuhunac Afrika u muda pnwaya psanak minjoku, so kiya wada danan hmtur mi sthiyaq balay syakay qnlangan. Cida, wada balay so tnqliyan murux nanaq ka hnyuwan niya qnlangan, wana duma dxral qnlhangan tudaya bhuway seduq cngcweyn ka niqan pnluban dha. 

Kngkawas 1998 idas 1 diyax 1, Tuhunac Afrika u wada pstuq pnluban waycyaw Cyoka Minkoku, kiya mi mndungus bay phiyu pnluban waycyaw Cyoka Jnmin Konghkwo, kiya ka thiti bay tuhuy Cyoka Monkoku pstuq waycyaw na pusu pangcyaw qnlhangan. Ana so kiya,Tuhunac Afrika u ida mniq Taiwan phiyu dayhyocu, kiya ka ini khbaraw tuhuy Cyoka Minkoku pwaluk malu pnluban uxay seyhu wacyaw pnluban na qnlhangan Afrika uri.  

### Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃)

           

縮圖|File:Annual per capita personal income by race group in South Africa relative to white levels.svg-南非各種族群體的年均個人所得，相對於白人的水準。

## Cing-ci(經濟)

### Pusu tyawmu: Keyjay Tuhunac Afrika.
Tuhunac Afrika u muda prrimax keyjay, kiya ka psnul Nigeria na tu2 keyjayti Afrika, binaw balay bay pa quri so smnalu dha lxanan u knmalu balay pnkrana niya. Pspun pnsung qnlhangan icil, Tuhunac Afrika jncyun kcka qnlhangan sngcan mawo u tubaraw bay uri, binaw knbeyhing bay snthyaqan uri ka sediq snblayaq mi sediq mqraqil. Ana so wada mnhdu ka pnwaya pnsanak minjoku, binaw Tuhunac Afrika saya u ida snturung tubaraw bay mqrinuc ryu mi uka qpahun ryu. 
縮圖|File:Night in Joburg.jpg-納爾遜·曼德拉大橋連接約翰尼斯堡的兩個主要商業區——布拉姆方丹與新城，並在一定程度上實現了內城的現代化。

### Quri Keyjay dha.  (經濟結構)
Ini pntna qnlangan kayhwacong qnlhangan mi hbaraw bay qnlhangan Afrika ka Tuhunac Afrika, ini so kkrana ka uxay so mndungus bay keyjay ka Tuhunac Afrika.Kngkawas 1994, burah seyhu Tuhunac Afrika u mbiyax bay phlih tonghwo pongcang, sndhu kongkong caycng, kiya mi mhuc duma waycu, binaw knkrana keyjay u ida ini pndungus. Kndadax kngkawas 2004 prading, wada ptura bay mrana ka keyjay niya Tuhunac Afrika, kiya uri pa Tuhunac Afrika u kuxul balay yahan sdhmaun rmiwaw. Knkana nngalan dha pila u mabang ou bay ka pneyyah qqpahan rmiwaw, so kawas ka Tuhunac Afrika knrana ryu GDP ka 5.1%, kngkawas 2006 daw 5.0%.      

Tuhunac Afrika pa mnkcka baraw nngalan niya Kayhwacong Qnlhangan, kiya ka duma qnlhangan Afrika, pusu balay kwoci mawyi tumudaci dha pa Doicu, Amirika, Cyoka Jnmin Konghkwo, Nihong, Ingkoku mi Spain. Pnwaya dha ddiyun pila ka pila Tuhunac Afrika.          

Kngkawas 2013 idas 8, “fDi Cacu” u spuda Tuhunac Afrika mkbiyax keyjay, nniqan lnlingay mpqpah, ssliqun mi nngalan, lxanan smmlun, ddangi pluban qmpah mi waysang msdyrux tocu, kiya ka wada dha srngaw mndungus bay qnlhangan Afrika ka Tuhunac Afrika. Cinjong pawmi cusu u wada ptbkuwan knkana qnlangan tu50 knanjey bay qdriqan jeyking tnlangan baraw.       
縮圖|File:Farm in Mpumalanga.jpg-工人在普馬蘭加省中部地區的一個農場種植。

### Tu1 qqpahan pnyahan(第一產業)
Mniq 18 th cida, Tuhunac Afrika u wada madas kluwanan Mirino na miric rudu ubal, kiya ka prading knou bay hnranan dha ubal miric. 20 th brah cida, keyjay Tuhunac Afrika u mnsntama balay qqpahan tmabu tnbuwan ka pusu balay han, pusu balay ka tmabu miric. Ubal miric cukocu Tuhunac Afrika u tu2, tnhiti quri king kwang. Alaw rngedi cucu ka miyah smliq, ini kou ka tmabu dapa, kiya uri u, pusu balay pnyahan nasi ro uri ka Tuhunac Afrika.         
縮圖|File:Flickr - plushev - Geneva2010 473.jpg-焦耳是開普敦最佳能源公司開發的一款電動汽車，但已於2012年4月停產。

### Tu2 qqpahan pnyahan(第二產業)
Qqpahan xxiluy ka rulu, kikay uri mchdil kongyey na lxanan niya.     

Mchdil kongyey Tuhunac Afrika ka smmalu kikay, tunux kisya, kikay nojyo, asu kiya mi ssalu rulu ka pusu niya.        

Tuhunac Afrika ka murux  bay Afrika sntama biyax honeng phdeyngki na qnlhangan, wa mniq CapeTown phiyu Afrika Talu murux bay hotyeyncan.     
縮圖|File:Nedbank regional office in Cape Town, South Africa.jpg-萊利銀行是南非四間大型銀行之一。

### Tu3 qqpahan pnyahan(第三產業)
Mniq quri qqpahan pnyahan, kndadax 1990 kngkawas pnrdingan, pusu balay dndulan mrana keyjay Tuhunac Afrika ka tu3 qqpahan pnyahan, tukubeycu niya u kiya ka qqpahan ginghang, qqpahan cingjong, qqpahan rrmiwaw mi qqpahan ppanan skoki, smquri so GDP u niqan knbeyhing bay qnepah niya, kcka na u, qqpahan huwu ka pusu tu3 qqpahan pnyahan Tuhunac Afrika, kiya ka knkana hmrinas Tuhunac Afrika GDP 67%.  
縮圖|File:N1roadsouthboundatmidrand.jpg-約翰尼斯堡與普勒托利亞之間的1號國道是賓·舒曼高速公路的一部分。

### Lxanan smluwan mi ppanan sediq mi qqiya(基建與交通)

Mniq Tuhunac Afrika pa, ppanan sediq mi qqiya u kiya ka ddaun planun balay muda kiya, kiya ka muda pkrana MyCiTi niya pusu uri. MyCiTi ka 1 basu cyeyyun sitong, spuda smruwa mi ptrawah knslxan bay ppanan sitong miyah dmayaw uuda ppanan rulu Cape Town.      

Mniq kngkawas 2014, knkana qnlhangan Tuhunac Afrika knkingal sediq pnpanan skoki u hmrinas mn3,500 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, tnbkuwan mtbiyax bay ppanan skoki u Oliver Tambo Kwoci Ppanan Skoki, Cape Town Kwoci Ppanan Skoki, King Shaka Kwoci Ppanan Skoki, Elizabeth Trduwan Asu Ppanan Skoki mi Tuhnranan Didaw London Ppanan Skoki.       
縮圖|File:Graaff Fruit-Ceres packing.jpg-南非水果產業的工人在塞雷斯山谷包裝出口的梨。

### Biyax rawtong sucang. (勞動力市場)
Tuhunac Afrika na Dmayaw Qalux Sediq Cngco mi Mdhu Bay Muda Cngco u wada pkrana keyjay qnbliqan qalux sediq, kiya mi niqan ka kcka tnbarah qalux sediq congcan cyeyci uri. Kiya u knkana biyax dnuwi qnlhangan  mi pddayak, quri so pnwaya mdakar rawkong u kiya ka wada krinah mrana ka uuda uka qpahun.    
縮圖|File:MTN Mobile south africa shop.jpg-南非的太陽能的行動電話使用站。

### Snburah Koyeyn. (創新科研)
Duma pusu balay koswey mi cisu pkrana u snpeyyah Tuhunac Afrika kana: Kngkawas 1967 idas 12 diyax 3, spuda Grotschul byoing sinjyo wayko ising Christiaan Banard pa wada pndungus bay muda knkana qnlangan muwaya balay Muda Pkuruc Thdil Sinjyo; Max Theiler ka snmalu 1 Iyu Mdakar Mcayis Mitilux Narux; Allan Macleod Cormack ka snmalu X Seseyng Smpuci Twancng Sawmyaw; Aaron Klug ka snmalu Cintiswey Tyeyncu Syeynweycing cisu. Wana Banard ising ka uka, kana hangan baraw niyi pa mnangal Snadu Nobel kana, kiya ka wada pkrana knou bay mnangal Snadu Nobel na qnlhangan Afrika. Kngkawas 2002, Sydney Brenner pa alaw mniq quri so snmalu qpahun huncu sngwuswey kiya ka wada mangal Snadu Nobel.
縮圖|File:Johhanesburg Water-Midrand Tower-002.jpg-在約翰尼斯堡米德蘭的水塔。

### Pndungus qsiya mi weysng(供水與衛生)
Tuhunac Afrika Quri Qsiya Pumn na 2 ptura tukubeycu ka mtrawah lxanan dmuwi qsiya cngco mi uri Qsiya Yingkay ka pniqan dha. Kngkawas 2014 idas 5, Delban u alaw ‘Pyeynksing mi Pawjongsing Hoho’ wada mangal Snadu Stockholm Kongyey Qsiya, kiya ka splawa dha ‘Knkana Qnlangan Knklaman Bay Kongyong Qqpahan Uri’ ka pumn niyi, kiya ka muwaya bay pquri sediq mqrinuc pndungus ini angal pila ddiyun lxanan qsiya niya Cucu Su.        

## Jen-ko(人口)

### Pusu tyawmu: Knhbrawan hiyi sediq Tuhunac Afrika.

### Knhbrawan mi Bnkuwan(數量與結構)

Tuhunac Afrika ka 1 niqan ya bay 5,962 knbkiyan (Kngkawas 2020) snpeyyah ini pntna pnyahan, bungka, kari mi snlhayan snhiyan knhbrawan hiyi sediq na qnlhangan. Kndadax qnhduwan pnwaya psanak minjoku ka Tuhunac Afrika daw, duma bhuway sediq pa kndudul mlatac Tuhunac Afrika, kngkawas 1980 daw wada mlih dhuq 16%.    

    

## Kari(語言)

Tuhunac Afrika u niqan 11 kluwanan kari ddiyun seyhu. Spuda kngkawas 2011 snpuwan knhbrawan hiyi sediq, srngaw dha balay tu1 kari ka kari Zulu (22.7%), sprun bay snrnu pa kari Ingkoku u wana balay tnbkuwan tu4, binaw kari Ingkoku ka pusu balay kari srngaw dha quri mniq seyji, mniq mbbari mi cwanmey.     

Knou balay bhuway sediq Tuhunac Afrika u rmngaw kari O Co, kiya ka kari Budoya, kari Doicu mi kari Hellas, niqan duma llutuc Asia sediq Tuhunac Afrika u rmngaw kari Asia uri. Quri so mniq Tuhunac Afrika na Afrika France Cweyn Qnlhangan sediq tnhdilan pa rmngaw kari Afrika France kiya.        

### Alang Mkbrnux(城市)
Ini knbaka ka nniqan sapah mi ini ttuku kalxanan smnalu ka dxral nniqan alang mkbrnux pusu niya uuda uri. So kiya, alang mkbrnux ssiyaw dxral nniqan tukubeycu niya ka uxay mndungus bay smnalu ssapah, mray so beywi, nniqan mqrinuc sediq uri.     
Nniqan hbaraw qalux sediq na Alang Mkbrnux Hwa cincng mniq 21 th pnrdingan lmutuc, smatang knhbrawan sediq nongcwen u musa mlih 5% dhuq 10%.                                                                        

縮圖|File:Wolmaransstad-NG Kerk-001.jpg-荷蘭歸正教位於沃爾馬朗斯塔德的教堂。

### Snlhayan s(宗教)

Spuda kngkawas 2001 snpuwan knhbrawan Tuhunac Afrika, snlhayan Kiristo kyo ka knhbrawan hoyi sediq 79% Tuhunac Afrika, kcka niya u to bay snluhay Burah Kiristo kyo, ini khbaraw ka Teyns kyo mi duma kyokay.      

## Bungka(文化)
縮圖|File:SouthAfricaDecoratedHouses.jpg-德拉肯斯堡的裝飾房屋。
Pusu tyawmu: Bungka Tuhunac Afrika.

Tuhunac Afrika qalux sediq pa to bay mpqpah pnwalang ka hbaraw bay, kiya mi ida wisu msmay bay mniq kcka mqrinuc alang mpqpah pnwalang, binaw nniqan dha hiya u kiya ka hmuruc mndungus bay pnsltudan bungka Tuhunac Afrika. Binaw, wada hbaraw bay qalux sediq u prading Alang Mkbrnux Hwa mi  Tumuqi Hidaw Hwa, pnsltudan bungka niyi u wisu kndudul uka. Tuhunac Afrika Tongcyun ka Tuhunac Afrika muwaya bay pnquri knkana qnlhangan kana kluwan joku mbbiyax mi rudan sediq ptrawah 1 pssliyan mbbiyax uri.         
縮圖|File:San Painting, Ukalamba Drakensberge 1.JPG-在德拉肯斯堡山脈中描繪伊蘭羚羊的石洞壁畫。
縮圖|File:Olive Schreiner.jpg-奧利維·施賴納。

### Yisu(藝術)

Tuhunac Afrika na yisupin pa kiya ka knkanna duma kncka qnlangan kncbiyaw bayyisupin, mniq brah kongweyn 10000 kngkawas, miyah thdil Tuhunac Afrika ka Sediq Khoi San u prading ndhiya nanaq tukubeycu bungka mi yisu- Juga Qnabil Bling Btasil.      
縮圖|File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg-位於約翰尼斯堡的南非廣播公司總部。

### Meyti mi ryosing bungka. (媒體與流行文化)
Tuhunac Afrika u niqan knbeyhing bay qqpahun cwanmey, kiya ka Afrika pusu balay cwanmey congsin uri. Pusu balay srngaw dha kari ka kari Ingkoku.      
縮圖|File:Quarter Mutton Bunny Chow.jpg-德爾班的特色菜餚——南非三明治，這道菜起源於當地的印度裔社區。

### Mmahan mu uuqan
Damac mi mmahan mi uuqan bungka Tuhunac Afrika u to bay quri hiyi ka lxanan, sediq tndxral u splawa dha ‘Braai (Dungus niya nduhan hiyi uxay daw muduh). Saya, kiya uri u Tuhunac Afrika saya u wada mkrana dhuq pusu balay pnyahan sinaw lipas qnlhangan uri, kiya mi niqan balay hnhangan knkana qnlangan.   
縮圖|File:Springbok parade.jpg-在贏得2007年世界盃橄欖球賽後，跳羚隊參加巴士巡遊。

### Tiyu(體育)
Wa mbiyax Kngkawas 2007 Qnlhangan Pey Pnsung Boru Kandang daw, Miric Storing Tuy u tumal basu mraka rmiwaw.     

Kuxul balay mi sdhmaun balay tiyu undo Tuhunac Afrika ka mtur boru, boru  kandang mi pancyo.      

Mnuda cupan mi wada mbiyax Ici bang Kngkawas 1995 Qnlangan Pey Pnsung Boru Kandang, kiya mi mniq France mbiyax Kngkawas 2007 Qnlangan Pey Pnsung Boru Kandang. So kawas u wada cupan Qnlhangan Afrika Pey, kiya mi qnlhangan tuy u wada mbiyax Dungan.    

Tuhunac Afrika mniq pnsung beyhing kwoci undokay dha na tnbkuwan:     

· Rbawan Olympic Undokay: 26King 31Ging 29Dong 86 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu2, qnlangan tu32).

· Misan Olympic Undokay: 0King 0Ging 0Dong 0 ka snadu ( Uka hnhangan).

· Qnlangan Undokay: 6King 11Ging 18Dong 35 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu2, qnlangan tu35.

· Rbawan Tubeyhing Undokay: 27King 21Ging 28Dong 76 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu1, qnlangan tu27).        

· Misan Tubeyhing Undokay: 0King 0Ging 0Dong 0 ka snadu ( Uka hnhangan).                                                                                              

· Qnlangan Upo Undokay: 2King 1Ging 8Dong 11 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu2, qnlangan tu26).                                                                 

· Rbawan Mbbiyax Olympic Undokay: 6King 5Ging 4Dong 15 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu4, qnlangan tu27).                                              

· Misan Mbbiyax Olympic Undokay: 0King 0Ging 0Dong 0 ka snadu ( Uka hnhangan).      
縮圖|File:Podocarpus latifolius 2c.JPG-黃木，南非國樹
縮圖|File:Blue Crane.jpg-藍鶴，南非國鳥
縮圖|File:Springbok etosha.jpg-跳羚，南非的象徵動物
縮圖|File:Dichistius capensis.JPG-安哥拉雙帆魚，南非國魚

### Pnskraya Qnlhangan(國家象徵)
縮圖|File:Protea P1010883.JPG-帝王花，南非國花

### Diyax smsung sngayan節日
Tuburah balay smsung sngayan mi diyax kineyng knkana qnlhanga Tuhunac Afrika      

### ka trahuc niyi:    最新的南非全國年節及紀念日假期如下：

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
縮圖|File:Mitchells-plain-schoolkids.jpg-米切爾平原的學童。

## Kyoiku(教育)

Pusu tyawmu: Kyoiku Tuhunac Afrika.

Tuhunac Afrika pa alaw mnqnlhangan Ingkoku, kiya ka mniq lxanan kyoiku ka Ingsu Kyoiku, kiya mi ririh sa mntna balay Ingkoku. Alaw Tuhunac Afrika u mnmuda pnwaya psanak minjoku cngco, cuxal balay ka qalux sediq pa uka brahan mangal biyax muda kyoiku, pyasan tubeyhing u to bay bhuway sediq kana ka pnhiyu niya, dhuq malax pnwaya psanak minjoku daw, qalux sediq u hana niqan pnsdkanan biyax muda kyoiku.   

## Pqita narux weysng.(醫療衛生)

Pusu tyawmu: Pqita narux weysng mi Pqita narux qmlahang hiyi.       

Spuda bnatas smpu Tuhunac Afrika Pnluban Minjoku Keykyoso, kngkawas 2009 bhuway sediq yuci knudus ka 71 kngkawas, kiya miqalux sediq ka 48 kngkawas. Wana 16% sediq Tuhunac Afrika ka ndwanan qmlahang Keykaku Pqita Narux, quri so msngari kana sediq daw kasi ka dmuwi pila dha nanaq uxay daw spuda byoing dmuwi pila keykaku muway. Tuhunac Afrika ka nniqan qnlangan tu3 knbeyhing byoing Chris Hani Baragwanath Byoing.      
縮圖|File:Life expectancy in select Southern African countries 1960-2012.svg-愛滋病影響壽命下降。

### Ssediq (人類免疫缺乏病毒／愛滋病)
Tuhunac Afrika ka knkana qnlangan knou bay sediq runan Narux Aycu na qnlhangan. Spuda pnkla kari UN Narux Aycu Ryeynho Kuyhwasu, Tuhunac Afrika pa ya bay niqan 700 knbkiyan hiyi sediq runan Narux Aycu. Uuda Narux Aycu Tuhunac Afrika u hidoyi balay, mniq kngkawas 2013 cida u ya bay niqan 560 knbkiyan hiyi sediq (Hmrinas knkana hiyi sediq 10% Tuhunac Afrika) wada runan Narux Aycu.    

Brah soto Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki mi ngalan weysng bucyo ka Manto Tshabalala-Msimang ka bsiyaq balay hmtur kari uuda quri monday Tuhunac Afrika Narux Aycu, dhiya u mdhu bay kari dha pusu hnqilan dha u alaw ini pndungus eyyo mi mqrinuc ka kiya. Mniq babaw kngkawas 2009 tubeyhing seyngkyo daw, seyhu u prading pkrana pila pkrbangan nniqan muda pkmalu naru aycu. Dhuq kngkawas 2015 cida, seyhu u pndungus mhnuk thiyi iyu, kiya ka wada kndadax 52.1 kngkawas ka yuci knudus pkranan dhuq 62.5 kngkawas.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           縮圖|File:South African Giraffes, fighting.jpg-在克留格爾國家公園的南非長頸鹿。

## Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料）

* CIA
* 外交部
* List of current heads of state and government
*Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro(瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug.
*https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/南非（參考自中文維基百科）