Tivler

**Tiv** (veya **Tiiv**), bir Nijer-Kongo etnik grubudur. Nijerya'nın toplam nüfusunun yaklaşık %2,4'ünü oluştururlar ve Nijerya ve Kamerun'da 5 milyondan fazla nüfusa sahiptirler. Tiv dili, Kamerun'da az sayıda konuşmacıyla birlikte Nijerya'da 5 milyondan fazla kişi tarafından konuşulmaktadır. Dilin Nijeryalı konuşmacılarının çoğu Benue, Taraba, Nasarawa, Plateau, Cross River, Adamawa, Kaduna, Nijer, Kogi eyaletlerinde ve Federal Başkent Bölgesi Abuja'da yaşamaktadır. Dil, Benue-Kongo'nun ve nihayetinde Nijer-Kongo ailelsinin bir koludur. Sömürge öncesi zamanlarda, Fulani etnik grubu Tiv'lere "Munchi" (bazen Munshi olarak da yazılır, örneğin Duggan, E. de C. 1932) olarak atıfta bulunurdu, ancak bu adlandırma Tiv halkı tarafından kabul edilmemiştir.

## Kaynakça

## İleri okumalar

* Abraham, R.C. (1933) *The Tiv People*, Lagos.
* Anifowose, R. (1982) *Violence and Politics in Nigeria: The Tiv and the Yoruba Experience*, New York: NOK.
* Arinze, F. (1990) *Africans and Christianity*. Ejiofor, Rev. L. ed. Nsukka: Optimal Computer Solutions Ltd.
* Ayoade, J.A. Agbaje, A.A. eds. (1989) *African Traditional Political Thought and Institutions*. Lagos: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC).
* Bohannan, Paul J. & Laura (1953) *The Tiv of Central Nigeria* London: International African Institute, 1953.
* 
* David, T. ed. "Political Aspects of Tiv Social Organisation" in Tribe Without Rules. London: 1958.
* 
* Downes, R.M. The Tiv Tribe. Kaduna: Government Printer, 1933.
* East, R. ed. Akiga's Story. London: 1965.
* Ehusani, G.O. An Afro-Christian Vision "Ozovehe!." Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1991.
* Evans Pritchard, E.E. (1940). *The Nuer.* Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
* Gbor, Capt. J.W.T. Mdugh U Tiv Man Mnyer Ve Ken Benue. Zaria: Gaskiya Publishing Corporation, 1978.
* Hagher, I.H. The Tiv Kwagh-Hir. Ibadan: CBAAC, 1990.
* Ikenga-Metuh, E. Comparative Studies of African Traditional Religion. Onitsha: Imico Publishers, 1987.
* Ikima, O. ed. The Groundwork of Nigerian History. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books Nig Ltd. (for the Historical Society of Nigeria), 1980.
* Jibo, M. Tiv Politics Since 1959. Katsina-Ala: Mandate International Limited, 1993.
* Jibo, Mvendaga. Chieftaincy and Politics: The Tor Tiv in the Politics and Administration of Tivland. Frankfurt: Peter Lang AG, 2001. 325 pp. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe 31: Politikwissenschaft Vol. 422  / US- pb.
* Makar, T. A History of Political Change among the Tiv in the 19th and 20th Century. Enugu: Forth Dimension Publishing Co. Ltd., 1994.
* Makar, T. Tiv People in Power Game in Nierian Politic Circa 1950–1983. Makurdi: Government Printer.
* Mbiti, J.S. African Religious and Philosophy. London: Heinemann Press, 1970.
* Middleton, J. & Tait, D. eds. (1958) *Tribes Without Rulers: Studies in African Segmentary Systems*, Routledge & Paul: London.
* Rubingh, E. (1969) *Sons of Tiv*. Grand Rapids: Baker House.
* Tseayo, J.I. *Conflict and Incorporation in Nigeria: The Integration of the Tiv*. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation Limited, 1975.
* *Vanguard* Newspaper. Friday December 7, 2001.
* *Vanguard* Newspaper. Wednesday December 5, 2001.
* Bohannan, P. *Africa*. Vol. XXIV, No.1, 1954.
* Dorward, D.C. *African Affairs*. Vol. 68 No.273, London: 1969.
* Ewelu, I.B. *West African Journal of Philosophical Studies*. Vol.2, December 1999.
* Ikima, O. *Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria* Vol. VII No. 1, 1973.

### Yayımlanmamış eserler

* Akever, E.T. *The Effects of Yamishe in Tiv Traditional Marriage Culture*. March 2001.
* Akpagher, T. J. *Israelite Monotheism in Comparison with the Monotheism of the Tiv Traditional Religion*. June 1994.
* Ode, R. *Developing Christian leadership in Contemporary Tiv Community*. 1991.
* Sorkaa, A.P. *The Contribution of Traditional Rulers to Rural Development in Nigeria up to the 21st Century*. Paper presented at the National Conference on the Nigerian State at A.B.U. Zaria, 1987.