Edward Thorndike

**Edward Lee "Ted" Thorndike** (d. 31 Ağustos 1874, ö. 9 Ağustos 1949), eğitim psikolojisinin babası olarak bilinen Amerikalı psikolog. Karşılaştırmalı psikoloji alanında çalışmalar yürütmüştür. Öğrenmenin temelini, “Duyusal uyarıcılar ile harekete geçiriciler arasında kurulan bağ oluşturur" önermesini ortaya atmış, bunu bağlaşımcılık teorisi ile açıklamıştır. Bu teori ile eğitimsel psikolojiye bilimsel bir yaklaşım getirmiştir. Thorndike, ayrıca çalışanlarla iligli testler ve sınavlar geliştirerek, endüstriyel problemlerin çözümüne katkı sağlamıştır. 1912 yılında Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği'nin başkanlığını yürütmüştür.

## Çalışmaları

### Önemli eserleri
* *Educational Psychology* (1903)
*  (1904)
* ''The Elements of Psychology'' (1905)
* ''Animal Intelligence'' (1911)
*
* *The Teacher's Word Book* (1921)
* ''The Psychology of Arithmetic'' (1922)
* *The Measurement of Intelligence* (1927)
* ''Human Learning'' (1931)
* *A Teacher's Word Book of the Twenty Thousand Words Found Most Frequently and Widely in General Reading for Children and Young People* (1932)
* *The Fundamentals of Learning* (1932)
* *The Psychology of Wants, Interests, and Attitudes* (1935)
* *The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words* (co-authored with Irving Lorge) (1944)

### Makaleler
* ''"Some Experiments on Animal Intelligence,"'' Science, Vol. VII, January/June, 1898.
* ''"Do Fishes Remember?,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 11, No. 268, Feb. 16, 1900.
* ''"Mental Fatigue,"'' The Psychological Review, Vol. VII, 1900.
* ''"Judgements of Magnitude by Comparison with a Mental Standard,"'' with R. S. Woodworth, The Psychological Review, Vol. VII, 1900.
* ''"Adaptation in Vision,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 14, No. 345, Aug. 9, 1901.
* ''"Psychology in Secondary Schools,"''  The School Review, Vol. 10, No. 2, Feb., 1902.
* ''"The Careers of Scholarly Men in America,"''  *[[The Century Magazine]]*, Mayıs 1903.
* ''"Measurement of Twins,"''  The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 2, No. 20, Sep. 28, 1905.
* ''"An Empirical Study of College Entrance Examinations,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 596, Jun. 1, 1906.
* ''"Sex and Education,"'' The Bookman, Vol. XXIII, March/August 1906.
* ''"Education,"''  The Bookman, October 1906.
* ''"The Mental Antecedents of Voluntary Movements,"''  The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 4, No. 2, Jan. 17, 1907.
* ''"On the Function of Visual Images,"''  The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 4, No. 12, Jun. 6, 1907.
* ''"The Effect of Practice in the Case of a Purely Intellectual Function,"''  The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 3, Jul., 1908.
* ''"A Note on the Specialization of Mental Functions with Varying Content,"''  The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 6, No. 9, Apr. 29, 1909.
* ''"Collegiate Instruction,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 794, Mar. 18, 1910.
* ''"Repeaters in the Upper Grammar Grades,"''  The Elementary School Teacher, Vol. 10, No. 9, May, 1910.
* ''"The Relation between Memory for Words and Memory for Numbers, and the Relation between Memory over Short and Memory over Long Intervals,"''  The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul., 1910.
* ''"Practice in the Case of Addition,"''  The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul., 1910.
* ''"Testing the Results of the Teaching of Science,"''  The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 3, No. 4, June, 1911.
* ''"A Scale for Measuring the Merit of English Writing,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 33, No. 859, Jun. 16, 1911.
* ''"The Measurement of Educational Products,"''  The School Review, Vol. 20, No. 5, May, 1912.
* ''"Educational Diagnosis,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 943, Jan. 24, 1913.
* ''"Notes on the Significance and Use of the Hillegas Scale for Measuring the Quality of English Composition,"''  The English Journal, Vol. 2, No. 9, Nov., 1913.
* ''"An Experiment in Grading Problems in Algebra,"''  The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 6, No. 3, March, 1914.
* ''"The Failure of Equalizing Opportunity to Reduce Individual Differences,"''  Science, New Series, Vol. 40, No. 1038, Nov. 20, 1914.
* ''"The Form of the Curve of Practice in the Case of Addition,"''  The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 2, Apr., 1915.
* ''"The Resemblance of Young Twins in Handwriting,"''  The American Naturalist, Vol. 49, No. 582, Jun., 1915.
* ''"Notes on Practice, Improvability, and the Curve of Work,"''  The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 4, Oct., 1916.
* ''"On the Function of Visual Imagery and its Measurement from Individual Reports,"''  The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 14, No. 14, Jul. 5, 1917.
* ''"The Understanding of Sentences: A Study of Errors in Reading,"''  The Elementary School Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, Oct., 1917.
* ''"Reliability and Significance of Tests of Intelligence,"'' The Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. XI, 1920.
* ''"The Psychology of the Equation,"''  The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 3, March, 1922.
* ''"A Note on the Failure of Educated Persons to Understand Simple Geometrical Facts,"''  The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 14, No. 8, December 1921.
* ''"The Psychology of Problem Solving,"''  Part II , The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 4, April, 1922; Vol. 15, No. 5, May, 1922.
* ''"The Nature of Algebraic Abilities,"''  Part II , The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 1922; Vol. 15, No. 2, February, 1922.
* ''"The Strength of the Mental Connections Formed in Algebra,"''  The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 6, October, 1922.
* ''"The Constitution of Algebraic Abilities,"''  The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 7, November, 1922.
* ''"The Teachable Age,"''  The Survey, April 1, 1928.

## Dış bağlantılar
* Works by Edward L. Thorndike 
* Edward Thorndike biography
* Classics in the history of Psychology - Animal Intelligence by Thorndike
* Edward L. Thorndike

## Kaynakça