Papilio

***Papilio***, Papilionidae familyasında sınıflandırılan ve **Papilionini** oymağında tek başına yer alan bir kelebek cinsidir. Latince *papilio* sözcüğü "kelebek" anlamına gelmektedir.

Eski bilimsel sınıflandırmada kelebekler için daha az sayıda türden oluşan çok sayıda cins kullanılmaktaydı ancak son zamanlarda yapılan sınıflandırmalar sonucunda çok sayıda kelebek cinsi, *Papilio* cinsinin içine alınmıştır. Günümüzde bu cins içinde 200'den fazla tür sınıflandırılmaktadır. Bazı araştırmacılar tarafından *Chilasa* cinsi *Papilio* cinsinin alt türü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yine *Agehana* cinsi de *Chilasa* cinsinin alt cinsi olarak görülmektedir.

Larvaların çoğu gelişme dönemlerinde kuş pisliğine benzerler. Erişkinler kuşlar tarafından yenebilir ve bazı türleri taklitçidir.

Eskiden ayrı cins olarak sınıflandırılan *Achillides*, *Eleppone*, *Druryia*, *Heraclides*, *Menelaides*, *Princeps*, *Pterourus* ve *Sinoprinceps* cinsleri artık *Papilio* cinsi içinde sınıflandırılmaktadır.

## Ekoloji
Larva biçiminde iken *Papilio* cinsi kelebekler genellikle tarımsal olarak önemli olan *[[Narenciye|Citrus]]* türleri, *[[Murraya]]* türleri, *[[Choisya]]* türleri ve *[[Calodendrum]]* türleri gibi Rutaceae bitkileri ile beslenirler. Tırtılları aldıkları besinlerden savunma amacıyla kötü kokulu terpen bileşikleri olan terpenoit üretirler.

## Türler
 

Gruplar içinde alfabetik sıralama yapılmıştır.
**alt cins**: *Papilio* Linnaeus, 1758
:**tür grubu**: *machaon* 
::* *[[Papilio alexanor]]* Esper, 1800
::* *[[Papilio brevicauda]]* Saunders, 1869
::* *[[Papilio hospiton]]* Géné, 1839
::* *[[Papilio indra]]* Reakirt, 1866
::* *[[Papilio joanae]]* J. Heitzman, 1973
::* *[[Papilio machaon]]* Linnaeus, 1758 - Kırlangıçkuyruk
::* *[[Papilio polyxenes]]* Fabricius, 1775
::* *[[Papilio saharae]]* Oberthür, 1879
::* *[[Papilio zelicaon]]* Lucas, 1852

**alt cins**: *Princeps* Hübner, [1807]
:**tür grubu**: *antimachus* 
::* *[[Papilio antimachus]]* Drury, 1782

:**tür grubu**: *zalmoxis* 
::* *[[Papilio zalmoxis]]* Hewitson, 1864

:**tür grubu**: *nireus* 
::* *[[Papilio aristophontes]]* Oberthür, 1897
::* *[[Papilio charopus]]* Westwood, 1843
::* *[[Papilio chrapkowskii]]* Suffert, 1904 
::* *[[Papilio chrapkowskoides]]* Storace, 1952
::* *[[Papilio desmondi]]* van Someren, 1939 
::* *[[Papilio hornimani]]* Distant, 1879 
::* *[[Papilio interjectana]]* Vane-Wright, 1995
::* *[[Papilio nireus]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio sosia]]* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
::* *[[Papilio thuraui]]* Karsch, 1900
::* *[[Papilio ufipa]]* Carcasson, 1961
::* *[[Papilio wilsoni]]* Rothschild, 1926

:**tür grubu**: *cynorta* 
::* *[[Papilio arnoldiana]]* Vane-Wright, 1995
::* *[[Papilio cynorta]]* Fabricius, 1793
::* *[[Papilio plagiatus]]* Aurivillius, 1898

:**tür grubu**: *dardanus* 
::* *[[Papilio constantinus]]* Ward, 1871
::* *[[Papilio dardanus]]* Brown, 1776
::* *[[Papilio delalandei]]* Godart, [1824]
::* *[[Papilio phorcas]]* Cramer, [1775]
::* *[[Papilio rex]]* Oberthür, 1886

:**tür grubu**: *zenobia* 
::* *[[Papilio cyproeofila]]* Butler, 1868
::* *[[Papilio fernandus]]* Fruhstorfer, 1903
::* *[[Papilio filaprae]]* Suffert, 1904
::* *[[Papilio gallienus]]* Distant, 1879 
::* *[[Papilio mechowi]]* Dewitz, 1881
::* *[[Papilio mechowianus]]* Dewitz, 1885
::* *[[Papilio nobicea]]* Suffert, 1904
::* *[[Papilio zenobia]]* Fabricius, 1775

:**tür grubu**: *demodocus* 
::* *[[Papilio demodocus]]* Esper, 1799 - Narenciye kırlangıçkuyruğu
::* *[[Papilio demoleus]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio erithonioides]]* Grose-Smith, 1891
::* *[[Papilio grosesmithi]]* Rothschild, 1926
::* *[[Papilio morondavana]]* Grose-Smith, 1891

:**tür grubu**: *echerioides* 
::* *[[Papilio echerioides]]* Trimen, 1868
::* *[[Papilio fuelleborni]]* Karsch, 1900
::* *[[Papilio jacksoni]]* Sharpe, 1891 
::* *[[Papilio sjoestedti]]* Aurivillius, 1908

:**tür grubu**: *oribazus* 
::* *[[Papilio epiphorbas]]* Boisduval, 1833
::* *[[Papilio nobilis]]* Rogenhofer, 1891
::* *[[Papilio oribazus]]* Boisduval, 1836

:**tür grubu**: *hesperus* 
::* *[[Papilio euphranor]]* Trimen, 1868
::* *[[Papilio hesperus]]* Westwood, 1843
::* *[[Papilio horribilis]]* Butler, 1874
::* *[[Papilio pelodurus]]* Butler, 1896

:**tür grubu**: *menestheus* 
::* *[[Papilio lormieri]]* Distant, 1874
::* *[[Papilio menestheus]]* Drury, 1773 
::* *[[Papilio ophidicephalus]]* Oberthür, 1878

:**tür grubu**: *[[incertae sedis]]* 
::* *[[Papilio andronicus]]* Ward, 1871
::* *[[Papilio chitondensis]]* Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966
::* *[[Papilio leucotaenia]]* Rothschild, 1908l
::* *[[Papilio luzviae]]* Schröder & Treadaway, 1991
::* *[[Papilio mackinnoni]]* Sharpe, 1891
::* *[[Papilio mangoura]]* Hewitson, 1875
::* *[[Papilio manlius]]* Fabricius, 1798
::* *[[Papilio microps]]* Storace, 1951
::* *[[Papilio nobicea]]* Berger, 1974
::* *[[Papilio phorbanta]]* Linnaeus, 1771

:**tür grubu**: *demolion* 
::* *[[Papilio demolion]]* Cramer, [1776]
::* *[[Papilio euchenor]]* Guérin-Méneville, 1829
::* *[[Papilio gigon]]* C. & R. Felder, 1864
::* *[[Papilio liomedon]]* Moore, [1875]

:**tür grubu**: *anactus* 
::* *[[Papilio anactus]]* MacLeay, [1826]

:**tür grubu**: *aegeus* 
::* *[[Papilio aegeus]]* Donovan, 1805
::* *[[Papilio bridgei]]* Mathew, 1886
::* *[[Papilio erskinei]]* Mathew, 1886
::* *[[Papilio gambrisius]]* Cramer, [1777]
::* *[[Papilio inopinatus]]* Butler, 1883
::* *[[Papilio ptolychus]]* Godman & Salvin, 1888
::* *[[Papilio tydeus]]* C. & R. Felder, 1860
::* *[[Papilio weymeri]]* Niepelt, 1914
::* *[[Papilio woodfordi]]* Godman & Salvin, 1888

:**tür grubu**: *godeffroyi* 
::* *[[Papilio amynthor]]* Boisduval, 1859
::* *[[Papilio godeffroyi]]* Semper, 1866
::* *[[Papilio schmeltzi]]* Herrich-Schäffer, 1869

:**tür grubu**: *polytes* 
::* *[[Papilio ambrax]]* Boisduval, 1832 
::* *[[Papilio phestus]]* Guérin-Méneville, 1830
::* *[[Papilio polytes]]* Linnaeus, 1758

:**tür grubu**: *castor* 
::* *[[Papilio castor]]* Westwood, 1842
::* *[[Papilio dravidarum]]* Wood-Mason, 1880
::* *[[Papilio mahadeva]]* Moore, [1879]

:**tür grubu**: *fuscus* 
::* *[[Papilio albinus]]* Wallace, 1865
::* *[[Papilio antonio]]* Hewitson, [1875]
::* *[[Papilio diophantus]]* Grose-Smith, 1883
::* *[[Papilio fuscus]]* Goeze, 1779
::* *[[Papilio hipponous]]* C. & R. Felder, 1862
::* *[[Papilio jordani]]* Fruhstorfer, 1906
::* *[[Papilio noblei]]* de Nicéville, [1889]
::* *[[Papilio pitmani]]* Elwes & de Nicéville, [1887]
::* *[[Papilio prexaspes]]* C. & R. Felder, 1865
::* *[[Papilio sakontala]]* Hewitson, 1864

:**tür grubu**: *helenus* 
::* *[[Papilio helenus]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio iswara]]* White, 1842
::* *[[Papilio iswaroides]]* Fruhstorfer, 1898
::* *[[Papilio nephelus]]* Boisduval, 1836
::* *[[Papilio nubilus]]* Staudinger, 1895
::* *[[Papilio sataspes]]* C. & R. Felder, 1865

:**tür grubu**: *memnon* 
::* *[[Papilio acheron]]* Grose-Smith, 1887
::* *[[Papilio ascalaphus]]* Boisduval, 1836
::* *[[Papilio deiphobus]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio forbesi]]* Grose-Smith, 1883
::* *[[Papilio lampsacus]]* Boisduval, 1836
::* *[[Papilio lowi]]* Druce, 1873
::* *[[Papilio mayo]]* Atkinson, 1873
::* *[[Papilio memnon]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio oenomaus]]* Godart, 1819
::* *[[Papilio polymnestor]]* Cramer, [1775]
::* *[[Papilio rumanzovia]]* Eschscholtz, 1821

:**tür grubu**: *protenor* 
::* *[[Papilio alcmenor]]* C. & R. Felder, [1864]
::* *[[Papilio macilentus]]* Janson, 1877
::* *[[Papilio protenor]]*
::* *[[Papilio taiwanus]]* Rothschild, 1898

:**tür grubu**: *bootes* 
::* *[[Papilio bootes]]* Westwood, 1842 
::* *[[Papilio elwesi]]* Leech, 1889
::* *[[Papilio maraho]]* Shiraki & Sonan, 1934

**alt cins**: *Chilasa* Moore, [1881]
:**tür grubu**: *agestor* 
::* *[[Papilio agestor]]* Gray, 1831
::* *[[Papilio epycides]]* Hewitson, [1864]
::* *[[Papilio slateri]]* Hewitson, 1853

:**tür grubu**: *clytia* 
::* *[[Papilio clytia]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio paradoxa]]* (Zincken, 1831)

:**tür grubu**: *veiovis* 
::* *[[Papilio veiovis]]* Hewitson, [1865]

:**tür grubu**: *laglaizei* 
::* *[[Papilio laglaizei]]* Depuiset, 1877
::* *[[Papilio moerneri]]* Aurivillius, 1919
::* *[[Papilio toboroi]]* Ribbe, 1907

:**tür grubu**: isimsiz 
::* *[[Papilio carolinensis]]* Jumalon, 1967
::* *[[Papilio osmana]]* Jumalon, 1967

**alt cins**: *[[Achillides]]* Hübner, [1819]
:**tür grubu**: *paris* 
::* *[[Papilio arcturus]]* Westwood, 1842
::* *[[Papilio bianor]]* Cramer, [1777]
::* *[[Papilio chikae]]* Nuyda, 1992
::* *[[Papilio dialis]]* Leech, 1893
::* *[[Papilio doddsi]]* Janet, 1896
::* *[[Papilio elephenor]]* Doubleday, 1845 
::* *[[Papilio hoppo]]* Matsumura, 1908
::* *[[Papilio karna]]* C. & R. Felder, 1864
::* *[[Papilio krishna]]* Moore, 1857
::* *[[Papilio longimacula]]* Z.G. Wang & Y. Niu, 2002
::* *[[Papilio maackii]]* Ménétriés, 1859
::* *[[Papilio paris]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio polyctor]]* Boisduval, 1836

:**tür grubu**: *palinurus* 
::* *[[Papilio blumei]]* Boisduval, 1836
::* *[[Papilio buddha]]* Westwood, 1872
::* *[[Papilio crino]]* Fabricius, 1793
::* *[[Papilio palinurus]]* Fabricius, 1787

:**tür grubu**: isimsiz
::* *[[Papilio chikae]]* Igarashi, 1965
::* *[[Papilio lorquinianus]]* C. & R. Felder, 1865
::* *[[Papilio neumoegeni]]* Honrath, 1890
::* *[[Papilio peranthus]]* Fabricius, 1787
::* *[[Papilio pericles]]* Wallace, 1865

:**tür grubu**: *ulysses* 
::* *[[Papilio montrouzieri]]* Boisduval, 1859
::* *[[Papilio syfanius]]* Oberthür, 1886
::* *[[Papilio ulysses]]* Linnaeus, 1758

**alt cins**: *Heraclides* Hübner, [1819]
:**tür grubu**: *anchisiades* 
::* *[[Papilio anchisiades]]* Esper, 1788 
::* *[[Papilio chiansiades]]* Westwood, 1872
::* *[[Papilio epenetus]]* Hewitson, 1861
::* *[[Papilio erostratus]]* Westwood, 1847
::* *[[Papilio hyppason]]* Cramer, 1775
::* *[[Papilio isidorus]]* Doubleday, 1846
::* *[[Papilio oxynius]]* (Geyer, [1827])
::* *[[Papilio pelaus]]* Fabricius, 1775
::* *[[Papilio rogeri]]* Boisduval, 1836

:**tür grubu**: *thoas* 
::* *[[Papilio andraemon]]* (Hübner, [1823])
::* *[[Papilio androgeus]]* Cramer, [1775]
::* *[[Papilio aristodemus]]* Esper, 1794
::* *[[Papilio aristor]]* Godart, 1819
::* *[[Papilio astyalus]]* Godart, 1819
::* *[[Papilio caiguanabus]]* Poey, [1852]
::* *[[Papilio cresphontes]]* Cramer, [1777]
::* *[[Papilio homothoas]]* Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
::* *[[Papilio machaonides]]* Esper, 1796
::* *[[Papilio melonius]]* Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
::* *[[Papilio ornythion]]* Boisduval, 1836 
::* *[[Papilio paeon]]* Boisduval, 1836
::* *[[Papilio rumiko]]* (Shiraiwa & Grishin, 2014)
::* *[[Papilio thersites]]* Fabricius, 1775
::* *[[Papilio thoas]]* Linnaeus, 1771

:**tür grubu**: *torquatus* 
::* *[[Papilio garleppi]]* Staudinger, 1892
::* *[[Papilio hectorides]]* Esper, 1794
::* *[[Papilio himeros]]* Hopffer, 1865
::* *[[Papilio lamarchei]]* Staudinger, 1892
::* *[[Papilio torquatus]]* Cramer, 1777

:**tür grubu**: isimsiz
::* *[[Papilio okinawensis]]* Fruhstorfer, 1898

**alt cins**: *Pterourus* Scopoli, 1777
:**tür grubu**: *troilus* 
::* *[[Papilio palamedes]]* Drury, [1773]
::* *[[Papilio troilus]]* Linnaeus, 1758

:**tür grubu**: *glaucus* 
::* *[[Papilio alexiares]]* Höpffer, 1866
::* *[[Papilio appalachiensis]]* (Pavulaan & Wright, 2002)
::* *[[Papilio canadensis]]* Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
::* *[[Papilio esperanza]]* Beutelspacher, 1975
::* *[[Papilio eurymedon]]* Lucas, 1852
::* *[[Papilio glaucus]]* Linnaeus, 1758
::* *[[Papilio multicaudata]]* Kirby, 1884
::* *[[Papilio pilumnus]]* Boisduval, 1836 
::* *[[Papilio rutulus]]* Lucas, 1852

:**tür grubu**: *zagreus* 
::* *[[Papilio bachus]]*) C. & R. Felder, 1865
::* *[[Papilio neyi]]* Niepelt, 1909
::* *[[Papilio zagreus]]* Doubleday, 1847

:**tür grubu**: *scamander* 
::* *[[Papilio birchallii]]* Hewitson, 1863
::* *[[Papilio hellanichus]]* Hewitson, 1868
::* *[[Papilio scamander]]* Boisduval, 1836
::* *[[Papilio xanthopleura]]* Godman & Salvin, 1868

:**tür grubu**: *homerus* 
::* *[[Papilio cacicus]]* Lucas, 1852
::* *[[Papilio euterpinus]]* Salvin & Godman, 1868
::* *[[Papilio garamas]]* (Geyer, [1829])
::* *[[Papilio homerus]]* Fabricius, 1793
::* *[[Papilio menatius]]* (Hübner, [1819])
::* *[[Papilio warscewiczii]]* Hopffer, 1865

**alt cins**: *Sinoprinceps* Hancock, 1983
::* *[[Papilio benguetanus]]* Joicey & Talbot, 1923

:**tür grubu**: *xuthus* Hancock, 1983
::* *[[Papilio xuthus]]* Linnaeus, 1767

## Notlar

## Dış bağlantılar

* Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility —P 
* Cins: Papilio Lepidoptera.pro
*GART checklist