Punk rock

**Punk rock**, kökenleri 1974 ve 1975 yıllarına, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Birleşik Krallık'a dayanan ve kendisini Green Day, The Exploited, Ramones, Buzzcocks, The Damned, Dead Kennedys, X, Sex Pistols, Misfits ve The Clash gibi gruplarla kanıtlamış düzen karşıtı rock müzik hareketidir.

Punk terimi ise, punk rock'a dayalı alt kültür için kullanılmaktadır. Bu alt kültür agresif gençlik, kendine özgü giyim tarzı, Punk İdeolojisi ve D.I.Y. (Do It Yourself - Kendin Yap) etiğini kapsamaktadır.

Punk; kültür, politika ve estetiği ile kurumsallaşmış sanat teorileri ve bunu yaratan topluma, toplumsal sisteme karşı doğmuş bir reddediştir. Punk, sanatçıyı insan olarak görür, geleneksel ve kalıplaşmış davranış ve yaşam biçimine karşı yıkıcı bir tavır geliştirir. Bireyin kişisel gelişimini yönlendiren, yaşam biçimini şekillendiren toplumsal organizmayı her şeyin suçlusu olarak görür ve saldırmaktan çekinmez. Punk'a göre her şey altüst olmalıdır; aykırı, ayrıksı giyim tarzı, sanat ve gündelik yaşamda sınırların belirsizleştirilmesi, bilinçli kışkırtıcılık, kabul görmüş ve tekdüzeleşmiş yaşam biçiminin yeniden düzenlenmesi (ya da düzensizleştirilmesi) punk yaşam biçiminin devrimci taktikleridir.

## Türkiye'de ve Avrupa'da Punk Rock

Türkiye'de punk rock yapan pek çok grup vardır ama günümüzde yerli gruplar genellikle ska, emo gibi tarzlara kaymaktadır. Bunların arasında ana akım bir grup olan Athena da vardır. Aynı zamanda Taksim punk sahnesi, Ankara punk sahnesi ve İzmir punk sahnesi hareketlidir. Türkiye'den Padme, Hedonistic Noise, Asperger, Cemiyette Pişiyorum, Kilink, Second, Zibidiler, Pandik, Monoton Kokteyli, Düz Mantık, Sokak Köpekleri ve Yancı gibi gruplar örnek gösterilebilinir.
The Restarts, GBH, The Exploited, Oi Polloi gibi bazı önemli punk rock grupları ise Türkiye'de konser vermiştir.

### Türkiye'de Punk'ın Tarihi

Aktif olarak Punk müzik yapan ilk topluluk 1987 yılında kurulan Headbangers grubudur. Headbangers'ın 'Suratına İşemek İstiyorum' adlı şarkısı hayli saldırgan yapısıyla punkın Türkiye'ye geldiğinin sinyallerini vermiştir. Dönemin diğer önemli punk rock grupları  Noisy Mob, Hong Kong Virus, LSD, Dead Army Boots ve Tampon'dur. Türkiye'de Punk müzik, Punk'ın "kendin yap" etiğine uygun olarak evlerde çoğaltılan demo kasetlerle yayıldı. Punklar konserleri ve diğer bilgi paylaşımlarını kendi imkanları ile oluşturdukları fanzinler aracılığı ile elden ele dolaştırarak sağlıyorlardı. 1999 yılına gelindiğinde ise ilk yasal punk albümü olarak kabul edilen Rashit'in "Telaşa Mahal Yok" albümü piyasaya çıkmıştır.

## Kaynakça
* Türkiye'de Punk ve Yeraltı Kaynaklarının Kesintili Tarihi 1978-1999
* Punk, Tricia Henry Young, Dost Yayınları
* Rock ve Şiddet, Taner Ay, Korsan Yayınları
* Roll Müzik dergisi 
* İmlasız dergisi Kasım-Aralık 2003 sayısı Özgür Tekin imzalı yazısı

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## Dış bağlantılar

* Fales Library of NYU Downtown Collection archival collection with the personal papers of NYC punk figures.
* A History of Punk 1990 essay by rock critic A.S. Van Dorston
* "We Have to Deal With It: Punk England Report", by Robert Christgau, *[[The Village Voice]]*, January 9, 1978
* Black Punk Time: Blacks in Punk, New Wave and Hardcore 1976–1984 by James Porter and Jake Austen and many other contributors Roctober Magazine 2002
* Southend Punk Rock History 1976 – 1986, a detailed site containing information on the Punk Rock explosion as experienced by Southend-on-Sea, Essex, UK
* ''Schmock'' Fanzine, 1984 Germany's first English-language punk rock fanzine from Wildberg, West Germany