Etüdler (Chopin)

**Etüdler** (Études), Frédéric Chopin tarafından piyano için 3 set halinde bestelenen solo çalışmalardır. Toplamda 27 tane olan bestelerin onikişerli iki grubu Opus numarası 10 ve 25 ile sınıflandırılmış, üç tanesi ise opus numarası almamıştır.

## Etüdlerin listesi

### Études Op. 10
Etüdlerin ilk seti 1833'te yayınlandı (bazıları 1829 yılında yazılmıştı). Chopin o zaman 23 yaşında olmasına rağmen çoktan Paris salonlarında tanınan ünlü bir besteci idi. Paris'te Franz Liszt ile tanışan Chopin eserlerini o'na adamıştır. - "**'" (arkadaşıma, Franz Liszt).


===Études Op. 25===
Chopin'in ikinci etüd seti 1837'de yayınlandı.


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''[[Trois nouvelles études]]'', [[Ignaz Moscheles]] ve [[François-Joseph Fétis]] tarafında yazılan bir piyano öğretim kitabı olan **' için katkı amacıyla yazılmış ve opus numarası verilmemiştir.

## Çalışmalar

### Tüm Etüdler için
* Casella, Alfredo. *F. Chopin. Studi per pianoforte*. Milano: Edizioni Curci, 1946.
* Cortot, Alfred. *Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.10*. Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
* Cortot, Alfred. *Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.25*. Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
* Galston, Gottfried. *Studienbuch* [Study Book]. III. Abend [3rd Recital] (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.

### Bazı Etüdler için
* Busoni, Ferruccio. *Klavierübung in zehn Büchern* [Piano Tutorial in Ten Books], zweite umgestaltete und bereicherte Ausgabe. Buch 8 (Variationen und Varianten nach Chopin). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1925.
* Godowsky, Leopold. *Studien über die Etüden von Chopin* (Studies on Chopin's Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
* Joseffy, Rafael. *Etudes for the Piano*. Instructive Edition. New York: G. Schirmer, 1901.

## Yorumlamalar
* Godowsky, Leopold. *Studien über die Etüden von Chopin* (Studies on Chopin's Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
* Wührer, Friedrich. *Achtzehn Studien zu Frédéric Chopins Etuden* [sic] [18 Studies on Chopin's Etudes]. In Motu Contrario [In Contrary Motion]. Heidelberg: Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1958.

## Kaynakça

## Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
* Bülow, Hans von. "Remarks on the Separate Studies." In *Auserlesene Klavier-Etüden von Fr. Chopin*. München: Jos. Aibl, 1880.
* Collet, Robert. "Studies, Preludes and Impromptus." In *Frédéric Chopin: Profiles of the Man and the Musician*. Ed. Alan Walker. London: Barrie & Rockliff, 1966.
* Czerny, Carl. *School of Practical Composition* London: R. Cocks & Co., [1848]; Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1979.
* Deschaussées, Monique. *Frédéric Chopin: 24 études - vers une interprétation*. Fondettes: Van de Velde, 1995.
* Eigeldinger, Jean-Jacques. *Chopin: Pianist and Teacher as Seen by his Pupils*. Cambridge University Press, 1986
* Ekier, Jan, ed. (National Edition)."About the Etudes." "Performance Commentary." "Source Commentary." *Chopin Etudes*. Warsaw: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1999.
* Finlow, Simon. "The Twenty-seven Études and Their Antecedents." In Jim Samson (ed.), *The Cambridge Companion to Chopin*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
* Galston, Gottfried. *Studienbuch*. III. Abend (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.
* Huneker, James. "The Studies—Titanic Experiments." In *Chopin: The Man and His Music*. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1900.
* Klein, Andreas. *The Chopin "Etudes": An Indispensable Pedagogical Tool for Developing Piano Technique*. DMA diss., Rice University, 1989.
* Kogosowski, Alan. *"Mastering the Chopin Études." A compendium to Chopin: Genius of the Piano*. E-Book, 2010.
* Leichtentritt, Hugo. "Die Etüden." In *Analyse der Chopin’schen Klavierwerke* [Analysis of Chopin's Piano Works]. Band II. Berlin: Max Hesses Verlag, 1922.
* Lear, Angela ''Chopin’s Grande Etudes''. February 5, 2007.
* Leontsky, Jan: *Interpreting Chopin. Etudes op.10 & op.25. Analysis, comments and interpretive choices*. Tarnhelm editions.
* Niecks, Frederick. *Chopin as a Man and Musician*. London: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1888.
* Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, Ludwik Bronarski, Józef Turczynsky, ed. ("Paderewski" Edition). "The Character of the Present Edition." "Commentary." *Chopin Studies (Etudes)*. Warsaw: Instytut Fryderyka Chopina, 1949.
* Samson, Jim. "Baroque reflections." In *The Music of Chopin*. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.
* Schumann, Robert. "Die Pianoforte-Etuden, ihren Zwecken nach geordnet" ["The Pianoforte Études, Categorized According to their Purposes"]. *[[Neue Zeitschrift für Musik]]* No. 11, February 6, 1836, p.&nbsp;45.
* Zimmermann, Ewald, ed. (Henle Edition). "Kritischer Bericht" (Critical Report). *Chopin Etudes*. München: G. Henle Verlag, 1983.

## Dış bağlantılar

;Analiz
* Analysis of Chopin Etudes  at Chopin: the poet of the piano
* Detailed study guides of Chopin's etudes, with sheet music and recordings
* Etudes Op. 10, Etudes Op. 25 at CFEO (Chopin's First Editions Online) 
* 
* Free scores of the Etudes at Mutopia Project 
*Hans von Bulow's Edition of the ''Etudes, opp. 10 and 25'' (Munich: J. Aibl, 1880) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection
* Find entries on select Études and listen to on-demand performances at ''The Chopin Project'' site
* Diversity of the Tonal Structure of Chopin's ''Etudes'' by Miroslaw Majchrzak. British Postgraduate Musicology, Vol. 10 (2009)

**Performanslar (video)**
* Chopin 24 Études, Opp. 10 and 25  on YouTube, Joel Hastings
* Chopin 24 Etudes, Opp. 10 and 25  on YouTube, Valentina Lisitsa
* , Valentina Igoshina