Pinyin

**Pinyin** ya da **Hanyu Pinyin** (), Standart Mandarin Çincesinin her biri ayrı bir ideogram olan Çin karakterlerinden Latin harflerine aktarılmasında kullanılan standart romanizasyon sistemidir. Bu sistem 1979 yılından itibaren Çin hükûmeti tarafından resmen benimsenmiştir. Pinyin sistemi, hem en yeni hem de Mandarince telaffuzu en yakın sunan romanizasyon yöntemidir. Artık eskimiş olan Wade-Giles sistemi geçmişte yaygın kullanılmasına karşın yavaş yavaş terkedilmektedir.

## Farklı romanizasyon yöntemleri
1959'da geliştirilen Pinyin'den başka birçok romanizasyon yöntemi daha vardır: Wade-Giles, Tongyong Pinyin, Postal System Pinyin vb. Bu da Çince isimlerin yazılışında karışıklıklara yol açar. Örneğin, Tayvan'ın başkenti Hanyu Pinyin ile **Taibei** (okunuşu *Taybey*) diye yazılsa da, yabancı dillerde eski Wade-Giles sistemine göre Taipei olarak yazılması alışkanlık haline gelmiştir.

Türkçeden bir örnek de, Pekin'dir; Çince Beijing (北京, okunuşu: Beycinğ) kelimesi, Türkçeye ilk olarak *Pekin* olarak girmişti. Son zamanlarda Pinyin sisteminin kullanımının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte Pekin şeklindeki yazılışa da medyada sıkça rastlanmaktadır.

Çeşitli Çince romanizasyon sistemlerinin karşılaştırması ve en yakın Türkçe karşılıkları şöyledir:


	
		BPMF
		Wade-Giles
		MPS II
		Yale
		Tongyong
		Hanyu Pinyin
		Gwoyeu Romatzyh
      Türkçedeki yaklaşık karşılığı
	

	
		ㄚ
		a
		a
		a
		a
		a
		a
		ar
		aa
		ah
      a
	
	
		ㄞ
		ai
		ai
		ai
		ai
		ai
		ai
		air
		ae
		ay
      ay
	
	
		ㄢ
		an
		an
		an
		an
		an
		an
		arn
		aan
		ann
      an 
	
	
		ㄤ
		ang
		ang
		ang
		ang
		ang
		ang
		arng
		aang
      anq
		anğ
	
	
		ㄠ
		ao
		au
		au
		ao
		ao
		au
		aur
		ao
		aw
      av
	
	
		ㄓㄚ
		cha
		ja
		ja
		jha
		zha
		ja
		jar
		jaa
		jah
      ca
	
	
		ㄔㄚ
		ch'a
		cha
		cha
		cha
		cha
		cha
		char
		chaa
		chah
      ça
	
	
		ㄓㄞ
		chai
		jai
		jai
		jhai
		zhai
		jai
		jair
		jae
		jay
      cay
	
	
		ㄔㄞ
		ch'ai
		chai
		chai
		chai
		chai
		chai
		chair
		chae
		chay
      çay
	
	
		ㄓㄢ
		chan
		jan
		jan
		jhan
		zhan
		jan
		jarn
		jaan
		jann
      can
	
	
		ㄔㄢ
		ch'an
		chan
		chan
		chan
		chan
		chan
		charn
		chaan
		chann
      çan
	
	
		ㄓㄤ
		chang
		jang
		jang
		jhang
		zhang
		jang
		jarng
		jaang
		janq
      canğ
	
	
		ㄔㄤ
		ch'ang
		chang
		chang
		chang
		chang
		chang
		charng
		chaang
		chanq
      çanğ
	
	
		ㄓㄠ
		chao
		jau
		jau
		jhao
		zhao
		jau
		jaur
		jao
		jaw
      cav
	
	
		ㄔㄠ
		ch'ao
		chau
		chau
		chao
		chao
		chau
		chaur
		chao
		chaw
      çav
	
	
		ㄓㄜ
		che
		je
		je
		jhe
		zhe
		je
		jer
		jee
		jeh
      cı
	
	
		ㄔㄜ
		ch'e
		che
		che
		che
		che
		che
		cher
		chee
		cheh
      çı
	
	
		ㄓㄟ
		chei
		jei
		jei
		jhei
		zhei
		jei
		jeir
		jeei
		jey
      cey
	
	
		ㄓㄣ
		chen
		jen
		jen
		jhen
		zhen
		jen
		jern
		jeen
		jenn
      cın
	
	
		ㄔㄣ
		ch'en
		chen
		chen
		chen
		chen
		chen
		chern
		cheen
		chenn
      çın
	
	
		ㄓㄥ
		cheng
		jeng
		jeng
		jheng
		zheng
		jeng
		jerng
		jeeng
		jenq
      cınğ
	
	
		ㄔㄥ
		ch'eng
		cheng
		cheng
		cheng
		cheng
		cheng
		cherng
		cheeng
		chenq
      çınğ
	
	
		ㄐㄧ
		chi
		ji
		ji
		ji
		ji
		ji
		jyi
		jii
		jih
      ci
	
	
		ㄑㄧ
		ch'i
		chi
		chi
		ci
		qi
		chi
		chyi
		chii
		chih
      çi
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄚ
		chia
		jia
		jya
		jia
		jia
		jia
		jya
		jea
		jiah
      cia
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄚ
		ch'ia
		chia
		chya
		cia
		qia
		chia
		chya
		chea
		chiah
      çia
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄤ
		chiang
		jiang
		jyang
		jiang
		jiang
		jiang
		jyang
		jeang
		jianq
      cianğ
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄤ
		ch'iang
		chiang
		chyang
		ciang
		qiang
		chiang
		chyang
		cheang
		chianq
      çianğ
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄠ
		chiao
		jiau
		jyau
		jiao
		jiao
		jiau
		jyau
		jeau
		jiaw
      ciav
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄠ
		ch'iao
		chiau
		chyau
		ciao
		qiao
		chiau
		chyau
		cheau
		chiaw
      çiav
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄝ
		chieh
		jie
		jye
		jie
		jie
		jie
		jye
		jiee
		jieh
      cie
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄝ
		ch'ieh
		chie
		chye
		cie
		qie
		chie
		chye
		chiee
		chieh
      çie
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄢ
		chien
		jian
		jyan
		jian
		jian
		jian
		jyan
		jean
		jiann
      cien
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄢ
		ch'ien
		chian
		chyan
		cian
		qian
		chian
		chyan
		chean
		chiann
      çien
	
	
		ㄓ
		chih
		jr
		jr
		jhih
		zhi
		jy
		jyr
		jyy
		jyh
      cığ
	
	
		ㄔ
		ch'ih
		chr
		chr
		chih
		chi
		chy
		chyr
		chyy
		chyh
      çığ
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄣ
		chin
		jin
		jin
		jin
		jin
		jin
		jyn
		jiin
		jinn
      cin
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄣ
		ch'in
		chin
		chin
		cin
		qin
		chin
		chyn
		chiin
		chinn
      çin
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄥ
		ching
		jing
		jing
		jing
		jing
		jing
		jyng
		jiing
		jinq
      cinğ
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄥ
		ch'ing
		ching
		ching
		cing
		qing
		ching
		chyng
		chiing
		chinq
      çinğ
	
	
		ㄐㄧㄡ
		chiu
		jiou
		jyou
		jiou
		jiu
		jiou
		jyou
		jeou
		jiow
      ciu
	
	
		ㄑㄧㄡ
		ch'iu
		chiou
		chyou
		ciou
		qiu
		chiou
		chyou
		cheou
		chiow
      çiu
	
	
		ㄐㄩㄥ
		chiung
		jiung
		jyung
		jyong
		jiong
		jiong
		jyong
		jeong
		jionq
      cionğ
	
	
		ㄑㄩㄥ
		ch'iung
		chiung
		chyung
		cyong
		qiong
		chiong
		chyong
		cheong
		chionq
      çionğ
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄛ
		cho
		juo
		jwo
		jhuo
		zhuo
		juo
		jwo
		juoo
		
		cuo
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄛ
		ch'o
		chuo
		chwo
		chuo
		chuo
		chuo
		chwo
		chuoo
		
		çuo
	
	
		ㄓㄡ
		chou
		jou
		jou
		jhou
		zhou
		jou
		jour
		joou
		
		cov
	
	
		ㄔㄡ
		ch'ou
		chou
		chou
		chou
		chou
		chou
		chour
		choou
		
		çov
	
	
		ㄓㄨ
		chu
		ju
		ju
		jhu
		zhu
		ju
		jwu
		juu
		juh
      cu
	
	
		ㄔㄨ
		ch'u
		chu
		chu
		chu
		chu
		chu
		chwu
		chuu
		
		çu
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄚ
		chua
		jua
		jwa
		jhua
		zhua
		jua
		jwa
		joa
		
		cua
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄚ
		ch'ua
		chua
		chwa
		chua
		chua
		chua
		chuar
		chuaa
		
		çua
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄞ
		chuai
		juai
		jwai
		jhuai
		zhuai
		juai
		jwai
		joai
		
		cuay
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄞ
		ch'uai
		chuai
		chwai
		chuai
		chuai
		chuai
		chwai
		choai
		 
		çuay
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄢ
		chuan
		juan
		jwan
		jhuan
		zhuan
		juan
		jwan
		joan
		 
		cuen
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄢ
		ch'uan
		chuan
		chwan
		chuan
		chuan
		chuan
		chwan
		choan
		 
		çuen
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄤ
		chuang
		juang
		jwang
		jhuang
		zhuang
		juang
		jwang
		joang
		 
		cuanğ
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄤ
		ch'uang
		chuang
		chwang
		chuang
		chuang
		chuang
		chwang
		choang
		 
		çuanğ
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄟ
		chui
		juei
		jwei
		jhuei
		zhui
		juei
		jwei
		joei
		 
		cui
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄟ
		ch'ui
		chuei
		chwei
		chuei
		chui
		chuei
		chwei
		choei
		 
		çui
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄣ
		chun
		juen
		jwen
		jhun
		zhun
		juen
		jwen
		joen
		 
		cun
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄣ
		ch'un
		chuen
		chwen
		chun
		chun
		chuen
		chwen
		choen
		 
		çun
	
	
		ㄓㄨㄥ
		chung
		jung
		jung
		jhong
		zhong
		jong
		jorng
		joong
		 
		conğ
	
	
		ㄔㄨㄥ
		ch'ung
		chung
		chung
		chong
		chong
		chong
		chorng
		choong
		 
		çonğ
	
	
		ㄐㄩ
		chü
		jiu
		jyu
		jyu
		ju
		jiu
		jyu
		jeu
		jiuh
      cü
	
	
		ㄑㄩ
		ch'ü
		chiu
		chyu
		cyu
		qu
		chiu
		chyu
		cheu
		chiuh
      çü
	
	
		ㄐㄩㄢ
		chüan
		jiuan
		jywan
		jyuan
		juan
		jiuan
		jyuan
		jeuan
		jiuann
      cüen
	
	
		ㄑㄩㄢ
		ch'üan
		chiuan
		chywan
		cyuan
		quan
		chiuan
		chyuan
		cheuan
		chiuann
      çüen
	
	
		ㄐㄩㄝ
		chüeh
		jiue
		jywe
		jyue
		jue
		jiue
		jyue
		jeue
		jiueh
      cüe
	
	
		ㄑㄩㄝ
		ch'üeh
		chiue
		chywe
		cyue
		que
		chiue
		chyue
		cheue
		chiueh
      çüe
	
	
		ㄐㄩㄣ
		chün
		jiun
		jyun
		jyun
		jun
		jiun
		jyun
		jeun
		jiunn
      cün
	
	
		ㄑㄩㄣ
		ch'ün
		chiun
		chyun
		cyun
		qun
		chiun
		chyun
		cheun
		chiunn
      çün
	
	
		ㄜ
		e
		e
		e
		e
		e
		e
		er
		ee
		eh
      ı
	
	
		ㄟ
		ei
		ei
		ei
		ei
		ei
		ei
		eir
		eei
		ey
      ey
	
	
		ㄣ
		en
		en
		en
		en
		en
		en
		ern
		een
		enn
      ın
	
	
		ㄦ
		erh
		er
		er
		er
		er
		el
		erl
		eel
		 
		ır
	
	
		ㄈㄚ
		fa
		fa
		fa
		fa
		fa
		fa
		far
		faa
		fah
      fa
	
	
		ㄈㄢ
		fan
		fan
		fan
		fan
		fan
		fan
		farn
		faan
		fann
      fan
	
	
		ㄈㄤ
		fang
		fang
		fang
		fang
		fang
		fang
		farng
		faang
		fanq
      fanğ
	
	
		ㄈㄟ
		fei
		fei
		fei
		fei
		fei
		fei
		feir
		feei
		fey
      fey
	
	
		ㄈㄣ
		fen
		fen
		fen
		fen
		fen
		fen
		fern
		feen
		fenn
      fın
	
	
		ㄈㄥ
		feng
		feng
		feng
		fong
		feng
		feng
		ferng
		feeng
		fenq
      fınğ
	
	
		ㄈㄛ
		fo
		fo
		fwo
		fo
		fo
		fo
		for
		foo
		foh
      fo
	
	
		ㄈㄡ
		fou
		fou
		fou
		fou
		fou
		fou
		four
		foou
		 
		fov
	
	
		ㄈㄨ
		fu
		fu
		fu
		fu
		fu
		fu
		fwu
		fuu
		fuh
      fu
	
	
		ㄏㄚ
		ha
		ha
		ha
		ha
		ha
		ha
		har
		haa
		hah
      ha
	
	
		ㄏㄞ
		hai
		hai
		hai
		hai
		hai
		hai
		hair
		hae
		hay
      hay
	
	
		ㄏㄢ
		han
		han
		han
		han
		han
		han
		harn
		haan
		hann
      han
	
	
		ㄏㄤ
		hang
		hang
		hang
		hang
		hang
		hang
		harng
		haang
		hanq
      hanğ
	
	
		ㄏㄠ
		hao
		hau
		hau
		hao
		hao
		hau
		haur
		hao
		haw
      hav
	
	
		ㄏㄟ
		hei
		hei
		hei
		hei
		hei
		hei
		heir
		heei
		hey
      hey
	
	
		ㄏㄣ
		hen
		hen
		hen
		hen
		hen
		hen
		hern
		heen
		henn
      hın
	
	
		ㄏㄥ
		heng
		heng
		heng
		heng
		heng
		heng
		herng
		heeng
		henq
      hınğ
	
	
		ㄏㄜ
		ho
		he
		he
		he
		he
		he
		her
		hee
		heh
      hı
	
	
		ㄏㄡ
		hou
		hou
		hou
		hou
		hou
		hou
		hour
		hoou
		 
		hov
	
	
		ㄒㄧ
		hsi
		shi
		syi
		si
		xi
		shi
		shyi
		shii
		shih
      şi
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄚ
		hsia
		shia
		sya
		sia
		xia
		shia
		shya
		shea
		shiah
      şia
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄤ
		hsiang
		shiang
		syang
		siang
		xiang
		shiang
		shyang
		sheang
		shianq
      şianğ
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄠ
		hsiao
		shiau
		syau
		siao
		xiao
		shiau
		shyau
		sheau
		shiaw
      şiav
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄝ
		hsieh
		shie
		sye
		sie
		xie
		shie
		shye
		shiee
		shieh
      şie
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄢ
		hsien
		shian
		syan
		sian
		xian
		shian
		shyan
		shean
		shiann
      şien
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄣ
		hsin
		shin
		syin
		sin
		xin
		shin
		shyn
		shiin
		shinn
      şin
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄥ
		hsing
		shing
		sying
		sing
		xing
		shing
		shyng
		shiing
		shinq
      şinğ
	
	
		ㄒㄧㄡ
		hsiu
		shiou
		syou
		siou
		xiu
		shiou
		shyou
		sheou
		shiow
      şiu
	
	
		ㄒㄩㄥ
		hsiung
		shiung
		syung
		syong
		xiong
		shiong
		shyong
		sheong
		shionq
      şionğ
	
	
		ㄒㄩ
		hsü
		shiu
		syu
		syu
		xu
		shiu
		shyu
		sheu
		shiuh
      şü
	
	
		ㄒㄩㄢ
		hsüan
		shiuan
		sywan
		syuan
		xuan
		shiuan
		shyuan
		sheuan
		shiuann
      şüen
	
	
		ㄒㄩㄝ
		hsüeh
		shiue
		sywe
		syue
		xue
		shiue
		shyue
		sheue
		shiueh
      şüe
	
	
		ㄒㄩㄣ
		hsün
		shiun
		syun
		syun
		xun
		shiun
		shyun
		sheun
		shiunn
      şün
	
	
		ㄏㄨ
		hu
		hu
		hu
		hu
		hu
		hu
		hwu
		huu
		huh
      hu
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄚ
		hua
		hua
		hwa
		hua
		hua
		hua
		hwa
		hoa
		huah
      hua
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄞ
		huai
		huai
		hwai
		huai
		huai
		huai
		hwai
		hoai
		huay
      huay
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄢ
		huan
		huan
		hwan
		huan
		huan
		huan
		hwan
		hoan
		huann
      huan
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄤ
		huang
		huang
		hwang
		huang
		huang
		huang
		hwang
		hoang
		huanq
      huanğ
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄟ
		hui
		huei
		hwei
		huei
		hui
		huei
		hwei
		hoei
		huey
      hui
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄣ
		hun
		huen
		hwen
		hun
		hun
		huen
		hwen
		hoen
		huenn
      hun
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄥ
		hung
		hung
		hung
		hong
		hong
		hong
		horng
		hoong
		honq
      honğ
	
	
		ㄏㄨㄛ
		huo
		huo
		hwo
		huo
		huo
		huo
		hwo
		huoo
		huoo
		huo
	
	
		ㄧ
		i
		yi
		yi
		yi
		yi
		i
		yi
		yii
		yih
      i
	
	
		ㄖㄢ
		jan
		ran
		ran
		ran
		ran
		rhan
		ran
		raan
		ran
		ran
	
	
		ㄖㄤ
		jang
		rang
		rang
		rang
		rang
		rhang
		rang
		raang
		rang
		ranğ
	
	
		ㄖㄠ
		jao
		rau
		rau
		rao
		rao
		rhau
		rau
		rao
		rao
		rav
	
	
		ㄖㄜ
		je
		re
		re
		re
		re
		rhe
		re
		ree
		 
		rığ
	
	
		ㄖㄣ
		jen
		ren
		ren
		ren
		ren
		rhen
		ren
		reen
		renn
      rın
	
	
		ㄖㄥ
		jeng
		reng
		reng
		reng
		reng
		rheng
		reng
		reeng
		renq
      rınğ
	
	
		ㄖ
		jih
		r
		r
		rih
		ri
		rhy
		ry
		ryy
		 
		rı
	
	
		ㄖㄨㄛ
		jo
		ruo
		rwo
		ruo
		ruo
		rhuo
		ruo
		ruoo
		 
		ruo
	
	
		ㄖㄡ
		jou
		rou
		rou
		rou
		rou
		rhou
		rou
		roou
		 
		rov
	
	
		ㄖㄨ
		ju
		ru
		ru
		ru
		ru
		rhu
		ru
		ruu
		ruh
      ru
	
	
		ㄖㄨㄢ
		juan
		ruan
		rwan
		ruan
		ruan
		rhuan
		ruan
		roan
		 
		ruan
	
	
		ㄖㄨㄟ
		jui
		ruei
		rwei
		ruei
		rui
		rhuei
		ruei
		roei
		 
		rui
	
	
		ㄖㄨㄣ
		jun
		ruen
		rwun
		run
		run
		rhuen
		ruen
		roen
		 
		run
	
	
		ㄖㄨㄥ
		jung
		rung
		rung
		rong
		rong
		rhong
		rong
		roong
		ronq
      ronğ
	
	
		ㄍㄚ
		ka
		ga
		ga
		ga
		ga
		ga
		gar
		gaa
		gah
      ga
	
	
		ㄎㄚ
		k'a
		ka
		ka
		ka
		ka
		ka
		kar
		kaa
		kah
      ka
	
	
		ㄍㄞ
		kai
		gai
		gai
		gai
		gai
		gai
		gair
		gae
		gay
      gay
	
	
		ㄎㄞ
		k'ai
		kai
		kai
		kai
		kai
		kai
		kair
		kae
		kay
      kay
	
	
		ㄍㄢ
		kan
		gan
		gan
		gan
		gan
		gan
		garn
		gaan
		gann
      gan
	
	
		ㄎㄢ
		k'an
		kan
		kan
		kan
		kan
		kan
		karn
		kaan
		kann
      kan
	
	
		ㄍㄤ
		kang
		gang
		gang
		gang
		gang
		gang
		garng
		gaang
		ganq
      ganğ
	
	
		ㄎㄤ
		k'ang
		kang
		kang
		kang
		kang
		kang
		karng
		kaang
		kanq
      kanğ
	
	
		ㄍㄠ
		kao
		gau
		gau
		gao
		gao
		gau
		gaur
		gao
		gaw
      gav
	
	
		ㄎㄠ
		k'ao
		kau
		kau
		kao
		kao
		kau
		kaur
		kao
		kaw
      kav
	
	
		ㄍㄟ
		kei
		gei
		gei
		gei
		gei
		gei
		geir
		geei
		gey
      gey
	
	
		ㄍㄣ
		ken
		gen
		gen
		gen
		gen
		gen
		gern
		geen
		genn
      gın
	
	
		ㄎㄣ
		k'en
		ken
		ken
		ken
		ken
		ken
		kern
		keen
		kenn
      kın
	
	
		ㄍㄥ
		keng
		geng
		geng
		geng
		geng
		geng
		gerng
		geeng
		genq
      gınğ
	
	
		ㄎㄥ
		k'eng
		keng
		keng
		keng
		keng
		keng
		kerng
		keeng
		kenq
      kınğ
	
	
		ㄍㄜ
		ko
		ge
		ge
		ge
		ge
		ge
		ger
		gee
		geh
      gı
	
	
		ㄎㄜ
		k'o
		ke
		ke
		ke
		ke
		ke
		ker
		kee
		keh
      kı
	
	
		ㄍㄡ
		kou
		gou
		gou
		gou
		gou
		gou
		gour
		goou
		 
		goğ
	
	
		ㄎㄡ
		k'ou
		kou
		kou
		kou
		kou
		kou
		kour
		koou
		 
		koğ
	
	
		ㄍㄨ
		ku
		gu
		gu
		gu
		gu
		gu
		gwu
		guu
		guh
      gu
	
	
		ㄎㄨ
		k'u
		ku
		ku
		ku
		ku
		ku
		kwu
		kuu
		kuh
      ku
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄚ
		kua
		gua
		gwa
		gua
		gua
		gua
		gwa
		goa
		guah
      gua
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄚ
		k'ua
		kua
		kwa
		kua
		kua
		kua
		kwa
		koa
		kuah
      kua
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄞ
		kuai
		guai
		gwai
		guai
		guai
		guai
		gwai
		goai
		guay
      guay
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄞ
		k'uai
		kuai
		kwai
		kuai
		kuai
		kuai
		kwai
		koai
		kuay
      kuay
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄢ
		kuan
		guan
		gwan
		guan
		guan
		guan
		gwan
		goan
		guann
      guan
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄢ
		k'uan
		kuan
		kwan
		kuan
		kuan
		kuan
		kwan
		koan
		kuann
      kuan
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄤ
		kuang
		guang
		gwang
		guang
		guang
		guang
		gwang
		goang
		guanq
      guanğ
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄤ
		k'uang
		kuang
		kwang
		kuang
		kuang
		kuang
		kwang
		koang
		kuanq
      kuanğ
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄟ
		kuei
		guei
		gwei
		guei
		gui
		guei
		gwei
		goei
		guey
      gui
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄟ
		k'uei
		kuei
		kwei
		kuei
		kui
		kuei
		kwei
		koei
		kuey
      kui
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄣ
		kun
		guen
		gwun
		gun
		gun
		guen
		gwen
		goen
		guenn
      gun
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄣ
		k'un
		kuen
		kwen
		kun
		kun
		kuen
		kwen
		koen
		kuenn
      kun
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄥ
		kung
		gung
		gung
		gong
		gong
		gong
		gorng
		goong
		gonq
      gonğ
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄥ
		k'ung
		kung
		kung
		kong
		kong
		kong
		korng
		koong
		konq
      konğ
	
	
		ㄍㄨㄛ
		kuo
		guo
		gwo
		guo
		guo
		guo
		gwo
		guoo
		guoh
      guo
	
	
		ㄎㄨㄛ
		k'uo
		kuo
		kwo
		kuo
		kuo
		kuo
		kwo
		kuoo
		kuoh
      kuo
	
	
		ㄌㄚ
		la
		la
		la
		la
		la
		lha
		la
		laa
		lah
      la
	
	
		ㄌㄞ
		lai
		lai
		lai
		lai
		lai
		lhai
		lai
		lae
		lay
      lay
	
	
		ㄌㄢ
		lan
		lan
		lan
		lan
		lan
		lhan
		lan
		laan
		lann
      lan
	
	
		ㄌㄤ
		lang
		lang
		lang
		lang
		lang
		lhang
		lang
		laang
		lanq
      lanğ
	
	
		ㄌㄠ
		lao
		lau
		lau
		lao
		lao
		lhau
		lau
		lao
		law
      lav
	
	
		ㄌㄜ
		le
		le
		le
		le
		le
		lhe
		le
		lee
		leh
      lı
	
	
		ㄌㄟ
		lei
		lei
		lei
		lei
		lei
		lhei
		lei
		leei
		ley
      ley
	
	
		ㄌㄥ
		leng
		leng
		leng
		leng
		leng
		lheng
		leng
		leeng
		lenq
      lınğ
	
	
		ㄌㄧ
		li
		li
		li
		li
		li
		lhi
		li
		lii
		lih
      li
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄚ
		lia
		lia
		lya
		lia
		lia
		lhia
		lia
		lea
		liah
      lia
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄤ
		liang
		liang
		lyang
		liang
		liang
		lhiang
		liang
		leang
		lianq
      lianğ
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄠ
		liao
		liau
		lyau
		liao
		liao
		lhiau
		liau
		leau
		liaw
      liav
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄝ
		lieh
		lie
		lye
		lie
		lie
		lhie
		lie
		liee
		lieh
      lie
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄢ
		lien
		lian
		lyan
		lian
		lian
		lhian
		lian
		lean
		liann
      lien
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄣ
		lin
		lin
		lin
		lin
		lin
		lhin
		lin
		liin
		linn
      lin
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄥ
		ling
		ling
		ling
		ling
		ling
		lhing
		ling
		liing
		linq
      linğ
	
	
		ㄌㄧㄡ
		liu
		liou
		lyou
		liou
		liu
		lhiou
		liou
		leou
		liow
      liu
	
	
		ㄌㄛ
		lo
		lo
		lo
		lo
		lo
		lo
		lor
		loo
		loh
      lo
	
	
		ㄌㄨㄛ
		lo
		luo
		lwo
		luo
		luo
		lhuo
		luo
		luoo
		luoh
      luo
	
	
		ㄌㄡ
		lou
		lou
		lou
		lou
		lou
		lhou
		lou
		loou
		low
		loğ
	
	
		ㄌㄨ
		lu
		lu
		lu
		lu
		lu
		lhu
		lu
		luu
		luh
      lu
	
	
		ㄌㄨㄢ
		luan
		luan
		lwan
		luan
		luan
		lhuan
		luan
		loan
		luann
      luan
	
	
		ㄌㄨㄣ
		lun
		luen
		lwun
		lun
		lun
		lhuen
		luen
		loen
		luenn
      lun
	
	
		ㄌㄨㄥ
		lung
		lung
		lung
		long
		long
		lhong
		long
		loong
		lonq
      lonğ
	
	
		ㄌㄩ
		lü
		liu
		lyu
		lyu
		lü
		lhiu
		liu
		leu
		liuh
      lü
	
	
		ㄌㄩㄝ
		lüeh
		liue
		lywe
		lyue
		lüe
		lhiue
		liue
		leue
		liueh
      lüe
	
	
		ㄌㄩㄣ
		lün
		liun
		lyun
		lyun
		lün
		lhiun
		liun
		leun
		 
		lün
	
	
		ㄇㄚ
		ma
		ma
		ma
		ma
		ma
		mha
		ma
		maa
		mah
      ma
	
	
		ㄇㄞ
		mai
		mai
		mai
		mai
		mai
		mhai
		mai
		mae
		may
      may
	
	
		ㄇㄢ
		man
		man
		man
		man
		man
		mhan
		man
		maan
		mann
      man
	
	
		ㄇㄤ
		mang
		mang
		mang
		mang
		mang
		mhang
		mang
		maang
		manq
      manğ
	
	
		ㄇㄠ
		mao
		mau
		mau
		mao
		mao
		mhau
		mau
		mao
		maw
      mav
	
	
		ㄇㄜ
		me
		me
		me
		me
		me
		me
		mer
		mee
		meh
      mı
	
	
		ㄇㄟ
		mei
		mei
		mei
		mei
		mei
		mhei
		mei
		meei
		mey
      mei
	
	
		ㄇㄣ
		men
		men
		men
		men
		men
		mhen
		men
		meen
		menn
      mın
	
	
		ㄇㄥ
		meng
		meng
		meng
		meng
		meng
		mheng
		meng
		meeng
		menq
      mınğ
	
	
		ㄇㄧ
		mi
		mi
		mi
		mi
		mi
		mhi
		mi
		mii
		mih
      mi
	
	
		ㄇㄧㄠ
		miao
		miau
		myau
		miao
		miao
		mhiau
		miau
		meau
		miaw
      miav
	
	
		ㄇㄧㄝ
		mieh
		mie
		mye
		mie
		mie
		mhie
		mie
		miee
		mieh
      mie
	
	
		ㄇㄧㄢ
		mien
		mian
		myan
		mian
		mian
		mhian
		mian
		mean
		miann
      mien
	
	
		ㄇㄧㄣ
		min
		min
		min
		min
		min
		mhin
		min
		miin
		minn
      min
	
	
		ㄇㄧㄥ
		ming
		ming
		ming
		ming
		ming
		mhing
		ming
		miing
		minq
      minğ
	
	
		ㄇㄧㄡ
		miu
		miou
		myou
		miou
		miu
		mhiou
		miou
		meou
		miow
      miu
	
	
		ㄇㄛ
		mo
		mo
		mwo
		mo
		mo
		mho
		mo
		moo
		moh
      mo
	
	
		ㄇㄡ
		mou
		mou
		mou
		mou
		mou
		mhou
		mou
		moou
		 
		moğ
	
	
		ㄇㄨ
		mu
		mu
		mu
		mu
		mu
		mhu
		mu
		muu
		muh
      mu
	
	
		ㄋㄚ
		na
		na
		na
		na
		na
		nha
		na
		naa
		nah
      na
	
	
		ㄋㄞ
		nai
		nai
		nai
		nai
		nai
		nhai
		nai
		nae
		nay
      nay
	
	
		ㄋㄢ
		nan
		nan
		nan
		nan
		nan
		nhan
		nan
		naan
		nann
      nan
	
	
		ㄋㄤ
		nang
		nang
		nang
		nang
		nang
		nhang
		nang
		naang
		nanq
      nanğ
	
	
		ㄋㄠ
		nao
		nau
		nau
		nao
		nao
		nhau
		nau
		nao
		naw
      nav
	
	
		ㄋㄜ
		ne
		ne
		ne
		ne
		ne
		nhe
		ne
		nee
		neh
      nı
	
	
		ㄋㄟ
		nei
		nei
		nei
		nei
		nei
		nhei
		nei
		neei
		 
		ney
	
	
		ㄋㄣ
		nen
		nen
		nen
		nen
		nen
		nhen
		nen
		neen
		nenn
      nın
	
	
		ㄋㄥ
		neng
		neng
		neng
		neng
		neng
		nheng
		neng
		neeng
		nenq
      nınğ
	
	
		ㄋㄧ
		ni
		ni
		ni
		ni
		ni
		nhi
		ni
		nii
		nih
      ni
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄚ
		nia
		nia
		nya
		nia
		nia
		nia
		niar
		niaa
		niah
		nia
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄤ
		niang
		niang
		nyang
		niang
		niang
		nhiang
		niang
		neang
		nianq
      nianğ
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄠ
		niao
		niau
		nyau
		niao
		niao
		nhiau
		niau
		neau
		niaw
      niav
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄝ
		nieh
		nie
		nye
		nie
		nie
		nhie
		nie
		niee
		nieh
		nie
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄢ
		nien
		nian
		nyan
		nian
		nian
		nhian
		nian
		nean
		niann
      nien
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄣ
		nin
		nin
		nin
		nin
		nin
		nhin
		nin
		niin
		ninn
      nin
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄥ
		ning
		ning
		ning
		ning
		ning
		nhing
		ning
		niing
		ninq
      ninğ
	
	
		ㄋㄧㄡ
		niu
		niou
		nyou
		niou
		niu
		nhiou
		niou
		neou
		niow
      niu
	
	
		ㄋㄨㄛ
		no
		nuo
		nwo
		nuo
		nuo
		nhuo
		nuo
		nuoo
		nuoh
		nuo
	
	
		ㄋㄡ
		nou
		nou
		nou
		nou
		nou
		nhou
		nou
		noou
		now
		noğ
	
	
		ㄋㄨ
		nu
		nu
		nu
		nu
		nu
		nhu
		nu
		nuu
		nuh
      nu
	
	
		ㄋㄨㄢ
		nuan
		nuan
		nwan
		nuan
		nuan
		nhuan
		nuan
		noan
		nuann
      nuen
	
	
		ㄋㄨㄣ
		nun
		nuen
		nwen
		nun
		nun
		nhuen
		nuen
		noen
		nuenn
      nun
	
	
		ㄋㄨㄥ
		nung
		nung
		nung
		nong
		nong
		nhong
		nong
		noong
		nonq
      nonğ
	
	
		ㄋㄩ
		nü
		niu
		nyu
		nyu
		nü
		nhiu
		niu
		neu
		niuh
      nü
	
	
		ㄋㄩㄝ
		nüeh
		niue
		nywe
		nyue
		nüe
		nhiue
		niue
		neue
		niueh
      nüe
	
	
		ㄡ
		ou
		ou
		ou
		ou
		ou
		ou
		our
		oou
		ow
		oğ
	
	
		ㄅㄚ
		pa
		ba
		ba
		ba
		ba
		ba
		bar
		baa
		bah
      ba
	
	
		ㄆㄚ
		p'a
		pa
		pa
		pa
		pa
		pa
		par
		paa
		pah
      pa
	
	
		ㄅㄞ
		pai
		bai
		bai
		bai
		bai
		bai
		bair
		bae
		bay
      bay
	
	
		ㄆㄞ
		p'ai
		pai
		pai
		pai
		pai
		pai
		pair
		pae
		pay
      pay
	
	
		ㄅㄢ
		pan
		ban
		ban
		ban
		ban
		ban
		barn
		baan
		bann
      ban
	
	
		ㄆㄢ
		p'an
		pan
		pan
		pan
		pan
		pan
		parn
		paan
		pann
      pan
	
	
		ㄅㄤ
		pang
		bang
		bang
		bang
		bang
		bang
		barng
		baang
		banq
      banğ
	
	
		ㄆㄤ
		p'ang
		pang
		pang
		pang
		pang
		pang
		parng
		paang
		panq
      panğ
	
	
		ㄅㄠ
		pao
		bau
		bau
		bao
		bao
		bau
		baur
		bao
		baw
      bav
	
	
		ㄆㄠ
		p'ao
		pau
		pau
		pao
		pao
		pau
		paur
		pao
		paw
      pav
	
	
		ㄅㄟ
		pei
		bei
		bei
		bei
		bei
		bei
		beir
		beei
		bey
      bey
	
	
		ㄆㄟ
		p'ei
		pei
		pei
		pei
		pei
		pei
		peir
		peei
		pey
      pey
	
	
		ㄅㄣ
		pen
		ben
		ben
		ben
		ben
		ben
		bern
		been
		benn
      bın
	
	
		ㄆㄣ
		p'en
		pen
		pen
		pen
		pen
		pen
		pern
		peen
		penn
      pın
	
	
		ㄅㄥ
		peng
		beng
		beng
		beng
		beng
		beng
		berng
		beeng
		benq
      bınğ
	
	
		ㄆㄥ
		p'eng
		peng
		peng
		peng
		peng
		peng
		perng
		peeng
		penq
      pınğ
	
	
		ㄅㄧ
		pi
		bi
		bi
		bi
		bi
		bi
		byi
		bii
		bih
      bi
	
	
		ㄆㄧ
		p'i
		pi
		pi
		pi
		pi
		pi
		pyi
		pii
		pih
      pi
	
	
		ㄅㄧㄠ
		piao
		biau
		byau
		biao
		biao
		biau
		byau
		beau
		biaw
      biav
	
	
		ㄆㄧㄠ
		p'iao
		piau
		pyau
		piao
		piao
		piau
		pyau
		peau
		piaw
      piav
	
	
		ㄅㄧㄝ
		pieh
		bie
		bye
		bie
		bie
		bie
		bye
		biee
		bieh
      bie
	
	
		ㄆㄧㄝ
		p'ieh
		pie
		pye
		pie
		pie
		pie
		pye
		piee
		pieh
      pie
	
	
		ㄅㄧㄢ
		pien
		bian
		byan
		bian
		bian
		bian
		byan
		bean
		biann
      bien
	
	
		ㄆㄧㄢ
		p'ien
		pian
		pyan
		pian
		pian
		pian
		pyan
		pean
		piann
      pien
	
	
		ㄅㄧㄣ
		pin
		bin
		bin
		bin
		bin
		bin
		byn
		biin
		binn
      bin
	
	
		ㄆㄧㄣ
		p'in
		pin
		pin
		pin
		pin
		pin
		pyn
		piin
		pinn
      pin
	
	
		ㄅㄧㄥ
		ping
		bing
		bing
		bing
		bing
		bing
		byng
		biing
		binq
      binğ
	
	
		ㄆㄧㄥ
		p'ing
		ping
		ping
		ping
		ping
		ping
		pyng
		piing
		pinq
      pinğ
	
	
		ㄅㄛ
		po
		bo
		bwo
		bo
		bo
		bo
		bor
		boo
		boh
      bo
	
	
		ㄆㄛ
		p'o
		po
		pwo
		po
		po
		po
		por
		poo
		poh
      po
	
	
		ㄆㄡ
		p'ou
		pou
		pou
		pou
		pou
		pou
		pour
		poou
		pow
		poğ
	
	
		ㄅㄨ
		pu
		bu
		bu
		bu
		bu
		bu
		bwu
		buu
		buh
      bu
	
	
		ㄆㄨ
		p'u
		pu
		pu
		pu
		pu
		pu
		pwu
		puu
		puh
      pu
	
	
		ㄙㄚ
		sa
		sa
		sa
		sa
		sa
		sa
		sar
		saa
		sah
      sa
	
	
		ㄙㄞ
		sai
		sai
		sai
		sai
		sai
		sai
		sair
		sae
		say
      say
	
	
		ㄙㄢ
		san
		san
		san
		san
		san
		san
		sarn
		saan
		sann
      san
	
	
		ㄙㄤ
		sang
		sang
		sang
		sang
		sang
		sang
		sarng
		saang
		sanq
      sanğ
	
	
		ㄙㄠ
		sao
		sau
		sau
		sao
		sao
		sau
		saur
		sao
		saw
      sav
	
	
		ㄙㄜ
		se
		se
		se
		se
		se
		se
		ser
		see
		seh
      sığ
	
	
		ㄙㄟ
		sei
		sei
		sei
		sei
		sei
		sei
		seir
		seei
		sey
		sey
	
	
		ㄙㄣ
		sen
		sen
		sen
		sen
		sen
		sen
		sern
		seen
		senn
      sın
	
	
		ㄙㄥ
		seng
		seng
		seng
		seng
		seng
		seng
		serng
		seeng
		senq
      sınğ
	
	
		ㄕㄚ
		sha
		sha
		sha
		sha
		sha
		sha
		shar
		shaa
		shah
      şa
	
	
		ㄕㄞ
		shai
		shai
		shai
		shai
		shai
		shai
		shair
		shae
		shay
		şay
	
	
		ㄕㄢ
		shan
		shan
		shan
		shan
		shan
		shan
		sharn
		shaan
		shann
      şan
	
	
		ㄕㄤ
		shang
		shang
		shang
		shang
		shang
		shang
		sharng
		shaang
		shanq
      şanğ
	
	
		ㄕㄠ
		shao
		shau
		shau
		shao
		shao
		shau
		shaur
		shao
		shaw
      şav
	
	
		ㄕㄜ
		she
		she
		she
		she
		she
		she
		sher
		shee
		sheh
      şığ
	
	
		ㄕㄟ
		shei
		shei
		shei
		shei
		shei
		shei
		sheir
		sheei
		shey
		şey
	
	
		ㄕㄣ
		shen
		shen
		shen
		shen
		shen
		shen
		shern
		sheen
		shenn
      şın
	
	
		ㄕㄥ
		sheng
		sheng
		sheng
		sheng
		sheng
		sheng
		sherng
		sheeng
		shenq
      şınğ
	
	
		ㄕ
		shih
		shr
		shr
		shih
		shi
		shy
		shyr
		shyy
		shyh
		şı
	
	
		ㄕㄡ
		shou
		shou
		shou
		shou
		shou
		shou
		shour
		shoou
		show
		şo
	
	
		ㄕㄨ
		shu
		shu
		shu
		shu
		shu
		shu
		shwu
		shuu
		shuh
      şu
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄚ
		shua
		shua
		shwa
		shua
		shua
		shua
		shwa
		shoa
		shuah
      şua
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄞ
		shuai
		shuai
		shwai
		shuai
		shuai
		shuai
		shwai
		shoai
		shuay
      şuay
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄢ
		shuan
		shuan
		shwan
		shuan
		shuan
		shuan
		shwan
		shoan
		shuann
      şu an
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄤ
		shuang
		shuang
		shwang
		shuang
		shuang
		shuang
		shwang
		shoang
		shuanq
      şu anğ
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄟ
		shui
		shuei
		shwei
		shuei
		shui
		shuei
		shwei
		shoei
		shuey
      şuği
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄣ
		shun
		shuen
		shwun
		shun
		shun
		shuen
		shwen
		shoen
		shuenn
      şun
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄥ
		shung
		shung
		shung
		shong
		shong
		shong
		shorng
		shoong
		shonq
      şonğ
	
	
		ㄕㄨㄛ
		shuo
		shuo
		shwo
		shuo
		shuo
		shuo
		shwo
		shuoo
		shuoh
		şuo
	
	
		ㄙㄨㄛ
		so
		suo
		swo
		suo
		suo
		suo
		swo
		suoo
		suoh
      suo
	
	
		ㄙㄡ
		sou
		sou
		sou
		sou
		sou
		sou
		sour
		soou
		sow
		soğ
	
	
		ㄙ
		ssu
		sz
		sz
		sih
		si
		sy
		syr
		syy
		syh
		si
	
	
		ㄙㄨ
		su
		su
		su
		su
		su
		su
		swu
		suu
		suh
      su
	
	
		ㄙㄨㄢ
		suan
		suan
		swan
		suan
		suan
		suan
		swan
		soan
		suann
      suan
	
	
		ㄙㄨㄟ
		sui
		suei
		swei
		suei
		sui
		suei
		swei
		soei
		suey
      sui
	
	
		ㄙㄨㄣ
		sun
		suen
		swen
		sun
		sun
		suen
		swen
		soen
		suenn
      sun
	
	
		ㄙㄨㄥ
		sung
		sung
		sung
		song
		song
		song
		sorng
		soong
		sonq
      sonğ
	
	
		ㄉㄚ
		ta
		da
		da
		da
		da
		da
		dar
		daa
		dah
      da
	
	
		ㄊㄚ
		t'a
		ta
		ta
		ta
		ta
		ta
		tar
		taa
		tah
      ta
	
	
		ㄉㄞ
		tai
		dai
		dai
		dai
		dai
		dai
		dair
		dae
		day
      day
	
	
		ㄊㄞ
		t'ai
		tai
		tai
		tai
		tai
		tai
		tair
		tae
		tay
      tay
	
	
		ㄉㄢ
		tan
		dan
		dan
		dan
		dan
		dan
		darn
		daan
		dann
      dan
	
	
		ㄊㄢ
		t'an
		tan
		tan
		tan
		tan
		tan
		tarn
		taan
		tann
      tan
	
	
		ㄉㄤ
		tang
		dang
		dang
		dang
		dang
		dang
		darng
		daang
		danq
      danğ
	
	
		ㄊㄤ
		t'ang
		tang
		tang
		tang
		tang
		tang
		tarng
		taang
		tanq
      tanğ
	
	
		ㄉㄠ
		tao
		dau
		dau
		dao
		dao
		dau
		daur
		dao
		daw
      dav
	
	
		ㄊㄠ
		t'ao
		tau
		tau
		tao
		tao
		tau
		taur
		tao
		taw
      tav
	
	
		ㄉㄜ
		te
		de
		de
		de
		de
		de
		der
		dee
		deh
      dı
	
	
		ㄊㄜ
		t'e
		te
		te
		te
		te
		te
		ter
		tee
		teh
      tı
	
	
		ㄉㄟ
		tei
		dei
		dei
		dei
		dei
		dei
		deir
		deei
		dey
      dey
	
	
		ㄉㄣ
		ten
		den
		den
		den
		den
		den
		dern
		deen
		denn
      dın
	
	
		ㄉㄥ
		teng
		deng
		deng
		deng
		deng
		deng
		derng
		deeng

		denq
      dınğ
	
	
		ㄊㄥ
		t'eng
		teng
		teng
		teng
		teng
		teng
		terng
		teeng
		tenq
      tınğ
	
	
		ㄉㄧ
		ti
		di
		di
		di
		di
		di
		dyi
		dii
		dih
      di
	
	
		ㄊㄧ
		t'i
		ti
		ti
		ti
		ti
		ti
		tyi
		tii
		tih
      ti
	
	
		ㄉㄧㄤ
		tiang
		diang
		dyang
		diang
		diang
		diang
		dyang
		deang
		dianq
      dianğ
	
	
		ㄉㄧㄠ
		tiao
		diau
		dyau
		diao
		diao
		diau
		dyau
		deau
		diaw
      diav
	
	
		ㄊㄧㄠ
		t'iao
		tiau
		tyau
		tiao
		tiao
		tiau
		tyau
		teau
		tiaw
      tiav
	
	
		ㄉㄧㄝ
		tieh
		die
		dye
		die
		die
		die
		dye
		diee
		dieh
      die
	
	
		ㄊㄧㄝ
		t'ieh
		tie
		tye
		tie
		tie
		tie
		tye
		tiee
		tieh
      tie
	
	
		ㄉㄧㄢ
		tien
		dian
		dyan
		dian
		dian
		dian
		dyan
		dean
		diann
      dien
	
	
		ㄊㄧㄢ
		t'ien
		tian
		tyan
		tian
		tian
		tian
		tyan
		tean
		tiann
      tien
	
	
		ㄉㄧㄥ
		ting
		ding
		ding
		ding
		ding
		ding
		dyng
		diing
		dinq
      dinğ
	
	
		ㄊㄧㄥ
		t'ing
		ting
		ting
		ting
		ting
		ting
		tyng
		tiing
		tinq
      tinğ
	
	
		ㄉㄧㄡ
		tiu
		diou
		dyou
		diou
		diu
		diou
		dyou
		deou
		diow
      diu
	
	
		ㄉㄨㄛ
		to
		duo
		dwo
		duo
		duo
		duo
		dwo
		duoo
		duoh
      duo
	
	
		ㄊㄨㄛ
		t'o
		tuo
		two
		tuo
		tuo
		tuo
		two
		tuoo
		tuoh
      tuo
	
	
		ㄉㄡ
		tou
		dou
		dou
		dou
		dou
		dou
		dour
		doou
		dow
      doğ
	
	
		ㄊㄡ
		t'ou
		tou
		tou
		tou
		tou
		tou
		tour
		toou
		tow
		toğ
	
	
		ㄗㄚ
		tsa
		tza
		dza
		za
		za
		tza
		tzar
		tzaa
		tzah
      dza
	
	
		ㄘㄚ
		ts'a
		tsa
		tsa
		ca
		ca
		tsa
		tsar
		tsaa
		tsah
      tsa
	
	
		ㄗㄞ
		tsai
		tzai
		dzai
		zai
		zai
		tzai
		tzair
		tzae
		tzay
      dzay
	
	
		ㄘㄞ
		ts'ai
		tsai
		tsai
		cai
		cai
		tsai
		tsair
		tsae
		tsay
      tsay
	
	
		ㄗㄢ
		tsan
		tzan
		dzan
		zan
		zan
		tzan
		tzarn
		tzaan
		tzann
		dzan
	
	
		ㄘㄢ
		ts'an
		tsan
		tsan
		can
		can
		tsan
		tsarn
		tsaan
		tsann
		tsan
	
	
		ㄗㄤ
		tsang
		tzang
		dzang
		zang
		zang
		tzang
		tzarng
		tzaang
		tzanq
		dzanğ
	
	
		ㄘㄤ
		ts'ang
		tsang
		tsang
		cang
		cang
		tsang
		tsarng
		tsaang
		tsanq
		tsanğ
	
	
		ㄗㄠ
		tsao
		tzau
		dzau
		zao
		zao
		tzau
		tzaur
		tzao
		tzaw
		dzav
	
	
		ㄘㄠ
		ts'ao
		tsau
		tsau
		cao
		cao
		tsau
		tsaur
		tsao
		tsaw
		tsav
	
	
		ㄗㄜ
		tse
		tze
		dze
		ze
		ze
		tze
		tzer
		tzee
		tzeh
		dzığ
	
	
		ㄘㄜ
		ts'e
		tse
		tse
		ce
		ce
		tse
		tser
		tsee
		tseh
		tsığ
	
	
		ㄗㄟ
		tsei
		tzei
		dzei
		zei
		zei
		tzei
		tzeir
		tzeei
		tzey
		dzey
	
	
		ㄗㄣ
		tsen
		tzen
		dzen
		zen
		zen
		tzen
		tzern
		tzeen
		tzenn
		dzın
	
	
		ㄘㄣ
		ts'en
		tsen
		tsen
		cen
		cen
		tsen
		tsern
		tseen
		tsenn
		tsın
	
	
		ㄗㄥ
		tseng
		tzeng
		dzeng
		zeng
		zeng
		tzeng
		tzerng
		tzeeng
		tzenq
		dzınğ
	
	
		ㄘㄥ
		ts'eng
		tseng
		tseng
		ceng
		ceng
		tseng
		tserng
		tseeng
		tsenq
		tsınğ
	
	
		ㄗㄨㄛ
		tso
		tzuo
		dzwo
		zuo
		zuo
		tzuo
		tzwo
		tzuoo
		tzuoh
		dzuo
	
	
		ㄘㄨㄛ
		ts'o
		tsuo
		tswo
		cuo
		cuo
		tsuo
		tswo
		tsuoo
		tsuoh
		tsuo
	
	
		ㄗㄡ
		tsou
		tzou
		dzou
		zou
		zou
		tzou
		tzour
		tzoou
		tzow
		dzoğ
	
	
		ㄘㄡ
		ts'ou
		tsou
		tsou
		cou
		cou
		tsou
		tsour
		tsoou
		tsow
		tsoğ
	
	
		ㄗㄨ
		tsu
		tzu
		dzu
		zu
		zu
		tzu
		tzwu
		tzuu
		tzuh
		dzu
	
	
		ㄘㄨ
		ts'u
		tsu
		tsu
		cu
		cu
		tsu
		tswu
		tsuu
		tsuh
		tsu
	
	
		ㄗㄨㄢ
		tsuan
		tzuan
		dzwan
		zuan
		zuan
		tzuan
		tzwan
		tzoan
		tzuann
		dzuan
	
	
		ㄘㄨㄢ
		ts'uan
		tsuan
		tsu
		cuan
		cuan
		tsuan
		tswan
		tsoan
		tsuann
		tsuan
	
	
		ㄗㄨㄟ
		tsui
		tzuei
		dzwei
		zuei
		zui
		tzuei
		tzwei
		tzoei
		tzuey
		dzui
	
	
		ㄘㄨㄟ
		ts'ui
		tsuei
		tswei
		cuei
		cui
		tsuei
		tswei
		tsoei
		tsuey
		tsui
	
	
		ㄗㄨㄣ
		tsun
		tzuen
		dzwen
		zun
		zun
		tzuen
		tzwen
		tzoen
		tzuenn
		dzun
	
	
		ㄘㄨㄣ
		ts'un
		tsuen
		tswen
		cun
		cun
		tsuen
		tswen
		tsoen
		tsuenn
		tsun
	
	
		ㄗㄨㄥ
		tsung
		tzung
		dzung
		zong
		zong
		tzong
		tzorng
		tzoong
		tzonq
		dzonğ
	
	
		ㄘㄨㄥ
		ts'ung
		tsung
		tsung
		cong
		cong
		tsong
		tsorng
		tsoong
		tsonq
		tsonğ
	
	
		ㄉㄨ
		tu
		du
		du
		du
		du
		du
		dwu
		duu
		duh
      du
	
	
		ㄊㄨ
		t'u
		tu
		tu
		tu
		tu
		tu
		twu
		tuu
		tuh
		tu
	
	
		ㄉㄨㄢ
		tuan
		duan
		dwan
		duan
		duan
		duan
		dwan
		doan
		duann
      duan
	
	
		ㄊㄨㄢ
		t'uan
		tuan
		twan
		tuan
		tuan
		tuan
		twan
		toan
		tuann
      tuan
	
	
		ㄉㄨㄟ
		tui
		duei
		dwei
		duei
		dui
		duei
		dwei
		doei
		duey
      dui
	
	
		ㄊㄨㄟ
		t'ui
		tuei
		twei
		tuei
		tui
		tuei
		twei
		toei
		tuey
      tui
	
	
		ㄉㄨㄣ
		tun
		duen
		dwen
		dun
		dun
		duen
		dwen
		doen
		duenn
      dun
	
	
		ㄊㄨㄣ
		t'un
		tuen
		twen
		tun
		tun
		tuen
		twen
		toen
		tuenn
      tun
	
	
		ㄉㄨㄥ
		tung
		dung
		dung
		dong
		dong
		dong
		dorng
		doong
		donq
      donğ
	
	
		ㄊㄨㄥ
		t'ung
		tung
		tung
		tong
		tong
		tong
		torng
		toong
		tonq
      tonğ
	
	
		ㄗ
		tzu
		tz
		dz
		zih
		zi
		tzy
		tzyr
		tzyy
		tzyh
		zı
	
	
		ㄘ
		tz'u
		tsz
		tsz
		cih
		ci
		tsy
		tsyr
		tsyy
		tsyh
		tsı
	
	
		ㄨㄚ
		wa
		wa
		wa
		wa
		wa
		ua
		wa
		waa
		wah
      va
	
	
		ㄨㄞ
		wai
		wai
		wai
		wai
		wai
		uai
		wai
		woai
		way
      vay
	
	
		ㄨㄢ
		wan
		wan
		wan
		wan
		wan
		uan
		wan
		woan
		wann
      van
	
	
		ㄨㄤ
		wang
		wang
		wang
		wang
		wang
		uang
		wang
		woang
		wanq
      vanğ
	
	
		ㄨㄟ
		wei
		wei
		wei
		wei
		wei
		uei
		wei
		woei
		wey
      vey
	
	
		ㄨㄣ
		wen
		wen
		wen
		wun
		wen
		uen
		wen
		woen
		wenn
      vın
	
	
		ㄨㄥ
		weng
		weng
		weng
		wong
		weng
		ueng
		weng
		woeng
		wenq
      vınğ
	
	
		ㄨㄛ
		wo
		wo
		wo
		wo
		wo
		uo
		wo
		woo
		woh
      uo
	
	
		ㄨ
		wu
		wu
		wu
		wu
		wu
		u
		wu
		wuu
		wuh
      u
	
	
		ㄧㄚ
		ya
		ya
		ya
		ya
		ya
		ia
		ya
		yea
		yah
      ya
	
	
		ㄧㄢ
		yan
		yan
		yan
		yan
		yan
		ian
		yan
		yean
		yann
      yen
	
	
		ㄧㄤ
		yang
		yang
		yang
		yang
		yang
		iang
		yang
		yeang
		yanq
      yanğ
	
	
		ㄧㄠ
		yao
		yau
		yau
		yao
		yao
		iau
		yau
		yeau
		yaw
		yav
	
	
		ㄧㄝ
		yeh
		ye
		ye
		ye
		ye
		ie
		ye
		yee
		yeh
      ye
	
	
		ㄧㄣ
		yin
		yin
		yin
		yin
		yin
		in
		yn
		yiin
		yinn
      in
	
	
		ㄧㄥ
		ying
		ying
		ying
		ying
		ying
		ing
		yng
		yiing
		yinq
      inğ
	
	
		ㄧㄡ
		yu
		you
		you
		you
		you
		iou
		you
		yeou
		yow
      you
	
	
		ㄩㄥ
		yung
		yung
		yung
		yong
		yong
		iong
		yong
		yeong
		yonq
      yonğ
	
	
		ㄩ
		yü
		yu
		yu
		yu
		yu
		iu
		yu
		yeu
		yuh
      ü
	
	
		ㄩㄢ
		yüan
		yuan
		ywan
		yuan
		yuan
		iuan
		yuan
		yeuan
		yuann
      yüen
	
	
		ㄩㄝ
		yüeh
		yue
		ywe
		yue
		yue
		iue
		yue
		yeue
		yueh
      yüe
	
	
		ㄩㄣ
		yün
		yun
		yun
		yun
		yun
		iun
		yun
		yeun
		yunn
      yün
	


## Pinyinin telaffuzu

## Tonlar

Pinyin sisteminde Standart Çince'de yer alan dört ton şöyle belirtilir:

# Birinci ton: (düz ya da yüksek ton) (ˉ)
#: 
# İkinci ton: (yükselen ton) (ˊ)
#: 
# Üçüncü ton: (düşük veya alçak ton) (ˇ)  
#: 
# Dördüncü ton: (düşen ton): (ˋ)
#: 
# Beşinci ton (nötr ton): (Bu ton için herhangi bir işaret kullanılmaz) 
#: 

Bu tonlar genellikle Çince ders kitapları dışında pek kullanılmazlar. Ancak doğru telaffuz için gereklidirler.

## Diğer Diller
Çincenin farklı varyantları için Pinyin benzeri sistemler geliştirilmiştir. Örneğin Guangdong eyaleti hükûmeti tarafından eyalette konuşulan diller için *Guangdong romanizasyonu* adı verilen bir sistem geliştirilmiştir.

Bunun dışında 1976'da alınan bir kararla, azınlık bölgelerindeki azınlık diliyle anılan yer isimlerinin de pinyindeki 26 harf ile yazılması kararlaştırılmıştır:

## Kaynakça

## Ayrıca bakınız

* 

## Dış bağlantılar
* New Edition Hanyu Pinyin Syllable Table
* Little Pinyin App 1.0 online