Louis Couturat

**Louis Couturat** (Em i manmeri blong France [kutyʁa]; 17 Janueri 1868 – 3 Ogast 1914) em i wanpela manmeri blong lukautim lojik, matematik, filosofia na toktok bilong bikpela toktok. Couturat em i wanpela bikman blong bikpela toktok we i bin mekim pait long mekim toktok bilong konstruktem Ido.

## Laif na edukeisen
Em i birua long Ris-Orangis, Essonne, Frans. Long 1887, em i go insait long École Normale Supérieure long wokim filosofi na matematik. Long 1895, em i givim lekcha long filosofi long University of Toulouse na long 1897, em i givim lekcha long filosofi bilong matematik long University of Caen Normandy na em i bin stap strong long namba transfinite. Afta wan taim long Hanover, em i bekim wan assistan bilong Henri-Louis Bergson long Collège de France long 1905.

## Karim
Em i wanpela advocet blong Frans long lojik blong simbol we i kamap long yias bipo long bifo World War I, tenkyu long ol raitsing blong Charles Sanders Peirce, Giuseppe Peano na skul blong em, na espesol long The Principles of Mathematics blong fren na korospndent blong em, Bertrand Russell. Olsem Russell, Couturat i lukim lojik blong simbol olsem wanpela toktok blong halivim bot mathematik na filosofi blong mathematik. Long disla samting, em i no gat samting wantaim Henri Poincaré, we em gat sik long olgeta wok blong Couturat long interesim fren long lojik blong simbol. Wantaim wok blong Poincaré, mipela save lukim olsem Couturat i stret wantaim logisism blong Russell, wail Poincaré i antapim Brouwer's intuitionism.

Em i pulim nambawan bikpela buk blong em, Couturat (1896). Long 1901, em i pulim La Logique de Leibniz, wanpela stadi detel blong Leibniz olsem wanpela logis, i pas long wok blong em long eksaminim nait long Leibniz Nachlass long Hanover. Maski Leibniz i ded long 1716, dispela Nachlass bilong en i kamap long katalog long 1895. Tasol, i stap long despla taim mipela save lukim sampela ol wok blong Leibniz long logik we i no bin pulim. Long 1903, Couturat i pulim bikpela nem blong despla wok long wanpela narapela bikpela volyum, Opuscules et Fragments Inedits de Leibniz, we i gat olsem sampela dokumens we em i eksaminim taim em i raitim La Logique. Couturat i stap olsem wanpela man we i apresieit olsem Leibniz i wanpela logis bilong gutpela kain long olgeta 2000 yia we i separatem Aristotle na George Boole na Augustus De Morgan. Liklikpela sampela long dispela revival blong Leibniz long 20th sentri i kamap long despla wok blong Couturat long editorial na exegetical. Despla wok long Leibniz i kamapim Russell tu, em i auta blong wan buk long Leibniz long 1900, na despla i statim em i korospndent na fren bilong em.

Long 1905, Couturat i pulim wan wok long lojik na founding blong mathematik (wantaim wan appendix long filosofi blong mathematik blong Kant) we i orijinari konsevim olsem wan translesin blong Principles of Mathematics blong Russell. Long despla samting yia, em i pulim L'Algèbre de la logique, wanpela klasik intredyusen long Boolean algebra na ol wok blong C.S. Peirce na Ernst Schröder.

Long taim 1907, Couturat i helpim long establishment bilong Ido tokples, we i wanpela bikpela we i kam long Esperanto. I kisim strong sapot bilong Couturat na igat strong tingting long rausim dispela tokples long ol samting bilong international. Em i save mekim dispela tokples long gutpela prinsipal long rausim ol samting long logik na save yusim ol wod bilong wanpela hap bilong ol Europe tokples. Couturat i laik tokim tu bilong olsem yumi i kamapim wanpela tokples bilong olsem long wanpela olsem Interlingua we Peano i rausim. Olsem i laikim rausim Ido tokples, Couturat i wokabaut long pe wok bilong Leibniz bilong mekim wanpela universal tokples bilong simbolik na konseptual na em i kolim "characteristica universalis".

Couturat i strongpela pasifik na dispela taim em i dai, em i bin kisim kamapim oda bilong mobilization long Frans Army, em i dai long wanpela kar.

Em i bin kisim pait bilong stori long buk blong Joseph Skibell blong 2010, em i kolim "A Curable Romantic".

## Wok
* 1896: ''De Platonicis mythis'' *Thesim Facultati Litterarum Parisiensi proponebat Ludovicus Couturat, Scholae Normalae olim alumnus*. Parisiis: Felix Alcan Bibliopola. 120 p.
* 1896: *[http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AAS8766.0001.001 De l'Infini mathématique]*. Republished 1975, Georg Olms.
* 1901: *[https://archive.org/details/lalogiquedeleib00coutgoog La Logique de Leibniz]*. Republished 1961, Georg Olms. Donald Rutherford's English translation in progress.
* 1903: *Opuscules et Fragments Inédits de Leibniz*. Republished 1966, Georg Olms.
* 1903: (wantaim Léopold Leau) ''Histoire de la langue universelle''. Paris: Hachette. Republished 2001, Olms.
* 1905. *[http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AAS8770.0001.001 Les Principes des Mathématiques: avec un appendice sur la philosophie des mathématiques de Kant]*. Republished 1965, Georg Olms.
* 1905: *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Couturat_-_L'Algèbre_de_la_logique.djvu L'Algèbre de la logique]*. 1914: P. E. B. Jourdain translator, The Algebra of Logic, Open Court, from Project Gutenberg.
* 1906: ¨*Pour la langue internationale*, Päris
* 1907: (wantaim Léopold Leau) *Les nouvelles langues internationales*. Paris: Hachette, republished 2001, Olms.
* 1910: *Étude sur la dérivation dans la langue internationale*. Paris: Delagrave. 100 p.
* 1910: (wantaim Otto Jespersen, R. Lorenz, Wilhelm Ostwald na L.Pfaundler) *[https://archive.org/details/internationallan00pfaurich International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science]*, Constable and Company Limited, London.
* 1915: (wantaim Louis de Beaufront) *Dictionnari Français-Ido*. Paris: Chaix, 586 p.

## Ol referens