Fort Capuzzo

Fort Capuzzo (Italian) e ne e le kago ya phemelo mo kolone ya Italy ya Libya, gaufi le molelwane wa Libya le Egepeto, go bapa le molelwane wa Italy. Litoranea Balbo (Via Balbo) e ne e tsamaya go ya kwa borwa go tswa kwa Bardia go ya kwa Fort Capuzzo, 8 mi (13 km) go ya kwa tengteng, kwa bophirima jwa Sollum, go tswa foo e ya kwa botlhaba go kgabaganya molelwane wa Egepeto go ya kwa boemakepeng mo godimo ga lekgwamolelo le le mo lotshitshing. Kago ya phemelo e agilwe ka nako ya bokoloniale jwa kwa Italy fa go ne go gateletswe ba-Senussi mo Ntweng ya Bobedi ya Italo-Senussi (1923 -1931), jaaka karolo ya sekgoreletsi mo melelwaneng ya Libya- Egypt le Libya -Sudan.
The Frontier Wire le motseletsele wa dikago tsa phemelo tse di akaretsang Fort Capuzzo di ne tsa dirisiwa go thibela Ba-Senussi go tsamaya ka kgololesego go kgabaganya molelwane. Kago eno ya phemelo e ne e na le mabota a le manè a a ageletsweng ka dipota a a neng a dikaganyeditse jarata. Go ne go agilwe dikago tsa bonno mo matlhakoreng mme di ne di dirisiwa ke batlhokomedi ba melelwane le masole a masole a kwa Italy a a neng a paterola dikoloi tse di sireletsegileng. Go ne go na le tsela e e neng e ya kwa borwa go tswa kwa kagong e e sireletsegileng, e e neng e le kafa bophirima jwa terata ya molelwane le molelwane, go ya kwa Sidi Omar, Fort Maddalena le Giarabub. Kago ya phemelo e ne ya fetoga ka makgetlo a le mmalwa ka nako ya letsholo la kwa Bophirima jwa Sekaka (1940 ⁇ 1943) ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe.
## Kitso ka kgang
Ka 1922, Benito Mussolini o ne a tsweletsa Reconquista ya Libya mo Ntweng ya Bobedi ya Italo-Sanussi (1921 ⁇ 1931).[ Mogala wa Frontier o ne wa agiwa ke sesole sa Italy, ka fa tlase ga taolo ya General Rodolfo Graziani, ka mariga a 1930 ⁇ 1931, jaaka tsela ya go gatelela Senussi go ganetsa bokoloniale jwa Italy. Molelwane wa terata le kago ya phemelo e ne ya dirisiwa go kgoreletsa motsamao wa batlhabani ba Senussi le didirisiwa go tswa kwa Egepeto. Mogala o ne o na le mela e le mene ya dimetara tse 1.7 (5 ft 7 in) e e kwa godimo e e nang le ditshipi tsa konkoreite, e e nang le terata e e nang le mebitlwa, e le boleele jwa 320 km, e le kwa teng ga molelwane go tswa kwa El Ramleh kwa Kgogometsong ya Sollum, e feta Fort Capuzzo go ya kwa Sidi Omar, go tswa foo e ya kwa borwa, go le gonnye go ya kwa bophirima jwa 25th meridian botlhaba, go ya kwa melelwaneng ya Libya-Egypt le Libya-Sudan. Go ne ga agiwa dikagô tse tharo tse dikgolo go bapa le mogala kwa Amseat (Fort Capuzzo), Scegga (Fort Maddalena) le Giarabub le tse dingwe tse thataro tse dinnye kwa El Ramleh mo mogogorong wa Sollum, kwa Sidi Omar, Sceferzen, Vescechet, Garn ul Grein le El Aamara.[3][a] Mogala o ne o paterola o dirisa dikoloi tse di rweleng dibetsa le difofane go tswa kwa dikagong tse di thata, ke sesole sa Italy le badisa ba melelwane, ba ba neng ba tlhasela mongwe le mongwe yo o bonweng mo lefelong la molelwane.
## Ntwa ya bobedi ya Boditšhabatšhaba
**1940**

Ka 14 Seetebosigo 1940, malatsi a le mane morago ga go bolela ntwa ga Italy kgatlhanong le Boritane, 7th Hussars le dikarolo tsa 1st Royal Tank Regiment ba ne ba gapa Fort Capuzzo. Royal Air Force (RAF) e ne ya thusa ka difofane tsa ntwa tsa Gladiator tsa 33 Squadron le difofane tsa dibomo tsa Blenheim tsa 211 Squadron go tlhasela mme 11th Hussars e ne ya tsaya Fort Maddalena e e ka nnang 60 mi (97 km) go ya kwa borwa. Kago ya phemelo e ne ya se ka ya nna lobaka lo loleele ka ntlha ya go tlhoka masole le didirisiwa mme ditlhopha tsa go senya di ne di etela bosigo bongwe le bongwe go senya ditlhobolo le dikoloi tsa Italy. Mo nakong e e setseng ya Seetebosigo, Baesemane ba ne ba paterola kwa bokone, borwa le bophirima mme ba simolola go dikaganyetsa Giarabub. Sesole sa 10 sa Italy se ne sa tlhoma mogopolo mo lefelong la go tswa kwa Bardia go ya kwa Tobruk mme sa tlisa Maletti Group, tanka e e kopaneng, masole a a tsamayang ka dinao le masole a dibetsa, a a neng a na le dikoloi tsa ntwa tsa Fiat M11/39, tse di neng di le kwa godimo go feta dijanaga tsa bone tsa ntwa tsa L3/33.

Ba-Italy ba ne ba boa ba thopa Fort Capuzzo mme ba e tshwara ka karolo ya 2nd CC.NN. Karolo ya "28 Ottobre" (Molaodi-Kakaretso [Luogotenente Generale] Francesco Argentino). Ka 29 Seetebosigo, setlhopha sa Maletti se ne sa busetsa morago ditanka tsa Boritane ka dibetsa tsa sone mme sa fenya tlhaselo ya bosigo. Ka nako ya dintwa tsa kwa melelwaneng go tloga ka 11 Seetebosigo go fitlha ka 9 Lwetse, Maborithane ba ne ba bolela fa ba bolaile batho ba le 3 500 mme ba latlhegetswe ke banna ba le 150. 10] Ka 16 Sedimonthole, ka nako ya Operation Compass (9 Sedimonthole 1940 -9 Tlhakole 1941) 4th Armoured Brigade ya Western Desert Force e ne ya gapa Sidi Omar mme Ba-Italy ba ne ba ikgogela morago go tswa Sollum, Fort Capuzzo le dipota tse dingwe tsa molelwane; Nomoro 9 Field Supply Depot e ne ya tlhomiwa kwa kagong ya phemelo ya 7th Armoured Division.

**1941**

Ka 10 Moranang, morago ga gore Axis e gatele pele go tswa kwa El Agheila, dikholomo tse dinnye tsa Boritane di ne tsa simolola go tshwenya diyuniti tsa Afrika Korps go dikologa Fort Capuzzo, e e neng ya gapiwa ke Majeremane ka 12 Moranang. Ditlhaselo tsa Kampfgruppe Herf go tloga ka 25 go ya go 26 Moranang, di ne tsa dira gore dikholomo tsa Boritane di boele morago. 12] Ka nako ya Operation Brevity (15 ⁇ 16 Motsheganong) tiro ya go gapa lefelo le le fa gare ga Sollum le kago ya phemelo le go dira gore go nne le dintsho, 22nd Guards Brigade Group le 4th RTR e ne e tshwanetse go gapa kago ya phemelo mme morago ba tlhasele go ya kwa bokone. Tirelo e simolotse ka 15 Motsheganong mme kago ya phemelo e ne ya thopiwa ke 1st Durham Light Infantry (1st DLI) le squadron ya di tanka tsa Infantry.

Tlhaselo e e neng ya tlhaselwa ke II Battalion, Panzer Regiment 5 (e e neng e na le ditanka di le robedi) e ne ya baka ditshenyegelo tse dintsi mme ya pateletsa 1st DLI go boela kwa Musaid. Masole a Majeremane a ne a gatela pele go tswa kwa Fort Capuzzo mo thapameng e e latelang.[ Dibatalione di le tharo tsa Ma-Italy tse di neng di na le ditlhobolo go tswa go 102nd Motorised Division "Trento" di ne tsa gapa kgaolo e e fa gare ga Sollum, Musaid le Fort Capuzzo. Moragonyana ka 15 Seetebosigo, 7th Royal Tank Regiment (7th RTR) e ne ya tlhasela Fort Capuzzo ka nako ya Operation Battleaxe (15 -17 Seetebosigo) mme ya phatlalaletsa batshireletso. Ditanka tsa Boritane di ne tsa kgona go feta mme masole a a tsamayang ka dinao a ne a diega go ba latela mme di ne tsa se ka tsa kgona go dirisa katlego eo ka bonako.
Mo letsatsing le le latelang, 22nd Guards Brigade e ne ya itsetsepela mo kagong ya phemelo mme Panzer Regiment 8 ya tlhasela gaufi le Capuzzo, fela go busediwa morago ke 4th Armoured Brigade. Maiteko a Majeremane a go dikologa letlhakore la Borithane a ne a retela mme a fokotsa masole a ditanka mo lefelong leo go nna a le 21 fela. Ka 17 Seetebosigo, kotsi ya go dikaganyediwa e ne ya oketsega fa ditlhaselo tsa Majeremane di ne di fitlha kwa Sidi Suleiman mme 22nd Guards Brigade e ne ya laelwa go ikgogela morago ka 11:00 a.m. Masalela a di-armored brigades a ne a sireletsa go ikgogela morago ga Ba Brithane, kwa bokhutlong go ya kwa moleng wa tshimologo, ba thusiwa ke RAF.[ Ka 22 Ngwanatsele, kago e ne ya thopiwa ke 2nd New Zealand Division, ka nako ya Operation Crusader (18 Ngwanatsele  ⁇  30 Sedimonthole) e e neng ya gatela pele go ya Tobruk, kwa ntle ga 5th New Zealand Brigade e e neng ya sala go thopa Sollum barracks.

**1942**

Masole a Axis a ne a thopa gape kago e e thata mo e ka nnang ka 22 Seetebosigo 1942, morago ga Ntwa ya Gazala (26 Motsheganong- 21 Seetebosigo 1942) ba thopa ditone di le 500 tsa lookwane le ditone di le 930 tsa dijo, le fa go na le matlhotlhapelo fa e sale Boritane e tlogela Gazala ka 14 Seetebosigo. 16] Morago ga Ntwa ya Bobedi ya El Alamein (23 Diphalane- 11 Ngwanatsele 1942) Fort Capuzzo e ne ya fetola beng ba yone la bofelo. Masole a Majeremane a ne a tlogela Sidi Barrani ka 9 Ngwanatsele; letsatsi le le latelang, 22nd Armored Brigade e ne ya gatela pele go ya kwa Fort Capuzzo go tswa kwa borwa mme ka 11 Ngwanatsele, masole a bofelo a Axis a ne a ikgogela morago go tswa mo molelwaneng, le fa go ne go na le ditaelo tsa gore ba tshware lefelo go tswa kwa Halfaya go ya kwa Sollum le Sidi Omar.

**Ntwa ya Morago**

E tswa kwa 

Morago ga phenyo ya Allied ka 1943, Tripolitania le Cyrenaica di ne tsa busiwa ke British Military Administration of Libya go fitlhela boipuso jwa Libya ka 1951, jaaka bogosi ka fa tlase ga Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi (Kgosi Idris wa Libya). Kago ya phemelo ya Capuzzo le melelwane ya yone e ne ya nyelela.