Michael Crowder

**Michael Crowder** (9 Seetebosigo 1934 – 14 Phatwe 1988)e ne e le raditiragalo wa Borithane le mokwadi yo o itsegeng ka dibuka tsa gagwe ka ga hisitori ya Aforika mme bogolosegolo ka ga hisitori ya Aforika Bophirima.

## Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto
Michael Crowder o tsholetswe kwa Lontone, kwa Engelane, ka la bo 9 Seetebosigo 1934, mme o ne a tsena sekolo kwa Sekolong sa Mill Hill. Fa a sena go bona dikirii ya maemo a ntlha ya tlotlo mo Dipolotiking, Filosofing le Itsholelo (PPE) kwa Hertford College, Oxford, ka 1957, o ne a boela kwa Lagos, kwa Nigeria – kwa a neng a kile a tsenngwa mo sesoleng sa Nigeria go tloga ka 1953 go ya go 1954 ka ntlha ya tirelo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya Boritane go ya go Magazine kwa Nigeria. 1959.

## Tiro ya thuto
Crowder o simolotse tiro ya gagwe e le mokwaledi kwa Setheong sa Dithuto tsa Aforika kwa Yunibesithing ya Ibadan. Ka 1964, e ne e le Motlhatlheledi yo o Etileng wa Hisitori ya Aforika kwa Yunibesithing ya California, kwa Berkeley, le Mokaedi wa Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Aforika kwa Kholetšheng ya Fourah Bay, kwa Yunibesithing ya Sierra Leone ka 1965.

Fa a ne a le kwa Nigeria go tloga ka 1968 go ya go 1978, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moporofesara wa Patlisiso le Mokaedi wa Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Aforika kwa Yunibesithing ya Ife (e jaanong e leng Yunibesithi ya Obafemi Awolowo). Morago ga moo, o ne a nna Moporofesara wa Hisitori kwa Yunibesithing ya Ahmadu Bello mme kwa bofelong a nna Moporofesara wa Patlisiso mo Hisitoring kwa Senthareng ya Dithuto tsa Setso kwa Yunibesithing ya Lagos ka bo1970. Fa a sena go boela kwa Lontone ka 1979, o ne a bereka e le morulaganyi wa makasine wa Boritane wa History Today. Gape e ne e le Moeng kwa Setheong sa Dithuto tsa Boditšhabatšhaba kwa Sekolong sa Ikonomi sa London (LSE), le Moporofesara wa Hisitori kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980, fa a ntse a dira jaaka Motseleganyi wa Mogakolodi go fitlha a tlhokafala.

O tlhokafetse kwa Lontone ka di 14 Phatwe 1988, a le dingwaga di le 54.

## Dibuka tse di kgethilweng

* *The Story of Nigeria* (1962)
* *[[:en:Eze_Goes_to_School|Eze Goes to School]]*, co-authored with Onuora Nzekwu (1963)
* *West Africa Under Colonial Rule* (1968)
* *West African Resistance* (1971)
* *West Africa: An Introduction to its History* (1977)
* *Akin Goes to School*, co-authored with Christie Ade Ajayi (1978)
* *Colonial West Africa* (1978)
* *[[:en:The_Cambridge_History_of_Africa|The Cambridge History of Africa]], Volume 8: From c.1940 to c.1975* (1984), Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22409-3.

## Bona gape

* John Fage, another early Africanist specialising in West Africa
* Anthony Kirk-Greene
* Ibadan School

## Bibilokerafi

* J. F. Ade Ajayi; Michael Crowder (October 1990). History of West Africa. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03737-2.

* Michael Crowder; Guda Abdullahi (1979). Nigeria: An Introduction to Its History. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-60346-2.

* J. F. Ade Ajayi (1992). People and empires in African history: essays in memory of Michael Crowder. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-08997-6.

* Kalu Ogbaa (1 January 1999). . Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. –. ISBN 978-0-313-30294-7.

## Metswedi