Green Belt Movement

Lekgotla la **Green Belt Movement** (GBM) ke lekgotla la ditso tsa Kenya le le santseng le gola, le le itebagantseng le go nonotsha basadi ka go lema ditlhare. Ke lengwe la makgotla a a ntshang maduo ebile a itsege a a santseng a le mannye mme a itebagantse le bothata jwa kgaolo ya ditlhare. Professor Wangari Maathai o simolotse lekgotla le ka ngwaga wa 1977 ka fa tlase ga thotloetso ya National Council of Women of Kenya (NCWK). Katlego ya GBM mo go somareleng dikgwa, thuto, le go nonotsha bomme mo go tsa itsholelo go amogetswe ka diatla tsoo pedi lefatshe ka bophara. E itsege gape ka go buelela ditshwanelo tsa batho, tekatekanyo ya batho mo go boneng lefatshe la bonno, mathata a molao wa tsa tikologo jaaka seabe sa kitso ya dilo tsa tikologo tsa setso ga basadi mo go itebaganyeng le kwelo tlase le go nna sekaka ga tikologo.

Go ya ka pego ya bone ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya ngwaga wa 2003, maikaelelo a GBM ke go fetlha sechaba go nna le kitso ka go ikemisetsa, tshwanelo, tekatekanyo, phokotso ya leuba le go somarela tikologo go dirisiwa ditlhare. GBM ga e sa tlhole e golagane le NCWK mme e lomaganya ditlhopha tsa makgotla  a bomme a a lemang ditlhare a bo a somarela tikologo le go tlhabolola sechaba. Tiro ya bone e lwantsha go kgaolwa ga ditlhare, e tsosolosa metswedi ya lookwane lo lo apayang, e dira madi ebile e emisa kgothego ya mmu. Maathai o akareditse le go buelela le go nonotsha bomme, bojanala le kgolo ya itsholelo mo mokgatlhong wa Green Belt Movement.

Fa e sale Wangari Maathai a simolola lekgotla le ka 1977, ditlhare di a feta di milione di le masome a matlhano le bongwe di lemilwe, bomme ba le dikete di fet masome a mararo ba rutilwe ka temo ya ditlhare, go tshwarwa ga dijo, go rua dinotshi le ditiro tse dingwe tse di ba thusang go itirela madi mme ba somarela lefatshe la bone le metswedi. Sechaba kwa Kenya (bomme le borre) ba rotloeditswe go kganela tshenyo ya tikologo le go tsosolosa tse di sentsweng.

Maathai o amogetse seetsele sa Nobel Peace Prize ka ngwaga wa 2004 ka tiro ya gagwe ka lekgotla la Green Belt Movement.

## Motheo
Kgaolo ya ditlhare ke sengwe sa dilo tse di bakang mathata a tikologo, go nna sekaka le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi. Lekgotla la Green Belt Movement (GBM) ke lengwe la makgotla a a atlegileng ebile a itsege a a santseng a tswa kwa tlase a a itebagantseng le dikgang tse.

Lekgotla la Green Belt Movement le simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1977 ke Wangari Maathai le National Council of Women of Kenya, mme la gola go nna lekgotla le le nonotshang bomme mo go tsa itsholelo le go nna le lefatshe la bone. Pampiri e e kwadilweng ke ba United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) ka ngwaga wa 2005 e supile fa kwa Kenya go tsaya lefatshe la sechaba le dirisediwa dilo tse e seng tsa sechaba go sa siamela matshelo a bathole tshireletso ya dijo tsa bahumanegi, le gore GBM e inaakantse le dintwa tsa go laola lefatshe la sechaba.

Maathai le GBM ba amanya kgethololo ya bomme le leuba le kwelo tlase ya tsa tikologo mme ba tsholeletsa kwa godimo go simolola kwa tlase ka go nonotsha bomme go laola tikologo. Maikaelelo a bone ke go netefatsa go basadi ba na le letseno la madi le le ikemetseng ka nosi le go sireletsa tikologo ka go tshwara sentle didirisiwa le metswedi.

### Ditso

Pele ga Green Belt Movement e simolodisiwa, bogolo jang ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970, go ne go sena ditshono mo Kenya ka puso ya nako e o e ne e na le kgatelelo ya sepolotiki. Puso ya Kenya e ne e tletse borre le melao ya bone ya kgatelelo, e e neng e bakela bomme mathata a le mantsi. Basadi ba le bantsi kwa Kenya ba ne ba sokola ka go jesa ba malwapa a bone, go bona metswedi ya tlholego (metsi le dikgon). Fa godimo ga foo, basadi ba Kenya ba le bantsi ba ne ba sena tshireletso ya molao fa go tla mo polotiking ya Kenya. Basadi ba ne ba gatelelwa ebile ba sa tsewe sentle ka ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go nna mo pusong kana go tsenelela bokopane jwa polotiki. Diphetogo kwa kenya le mo pusong di ne tsa simolola go diragala. Lekgotla la Green Belt Movement le ne le na le seabe se segolo mo go fetoleng ka fa bomme ba neng ba tshwarwa ka teng, ka fa ba neng ba kgaphelwa thoko mo dilong, le ka fa ba neng ba dirisiwa ka teng. Go aga Green belt Movement e le maiteko a go somarela tikologo mo go senang matshosetsi go nnile le seabe se segolo mo pusong le mos echabeng ka nako e mefuta e mengwe ya go lwela ditshwanelo e neng e bonwa e le matshosetsi mo pusong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go rotloetsa bomme go botsa dipotso ka maemo a bone le go ema kgatlhanong le makgotla a a gatelelang bomme, go ne ga dira gore Green Belt Movement e simolodisiwe semmuso.

Lekgotla la Green Belt Movement le simolodisitswe ke Maathai ka 1977, o ne a le simolola ka ntlha ya se a se badileng, se a se rutileng, se a se itemogetseng, se a se ithutileng le se a neng a batla go se fetola. Pele ga a simolola mokgatlo o ne a le leloko la lekgotla le lengwe la tikologo. maathai o berekile e le modulasetilo wa UNEP environment Liason Center Board, e gompieno e bidiwang Environment Liaison Center International. Fa a sena go direkla UNLEP e le modulasetilo o ne a fetola ditiro ka 1974 a simolola go itebaganya le go thibela mathata a a lebaneng tikologo. Maathai o ne a lebaganya maiteko a gagwe le go lwantsha kgang ya go kgaola ditllhare, le go baakanya mathata a mangwe a a amanang le tsa dikgwa gore a kgone go tokafatsa boleng jwa matshelo a bomme le bana kwa Kenya.

Maathai o simolotse ka dithulaganyo tsa go lema ditlhare le go itebaganya le malwapa a a sa kgoneng go bona dilo di tshwana le metsi le rice. Go lema ditlhare ga ntlha go dirwa ke GBH go diragetse ka ngwaga wa 1977, Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le matlhano, mme go ne go akaretsa merafe e supa e supediwa tlotla ka go lema ditlhare. Se se diragetse kwa nairobi, toropokgolo ya Kenya, ditlhare di ne tsa lemiwa, go supa tshimologo ya lekgotla le le tla nnang le seabe mo lefatsheng ka bophara le ema kgatlhanong le go gatelela metse ya selegae kwa Kenya. Le fa go ntse jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go lema ditlhare di tsere nako e ntsi gore sechaba se kgone go tsaya karolo. Go nnile le ditekeletso tse dintsi mme Maathai le badiri ba GBM ba kgona go simolola dithulaganyo tse di atlegileng. Maathai gantsi o ne a bolelela babereki ka ene kwa GBM gore ba mo tseleng e iseng e tsamaiwe pele. Ba dira ditekeletso. Fa se ba se dirileng maabane se sa nne le maduo a a siameng, ba tla seka ba se dira gape gompieno ka e le go senya nako.

Le fa go ntse jalo, ka nako ya fa go simolodisiwa thulaganyo ya go lema ditlhare, GBM e na ya itemogela dipoelo morago di le dintsi ka e ne e sena madi le kemo nokeng. Se se ne sa baka gore Wangari Maathai a nne leloko la Komiti kgolo ya  National Council of Women of Kenya. Go nna leloko la khansele go ne ga dira gore Green Belt Movement e kgone go lemogiwa le go emiwa nokeng ke basadi le di puso. GBM e ne ya kgona go bona dithuso tse dintsi fa go tla mo go simololeng mananeo a go lema ditlhare le dithuto. Maathai o ne a bo a kgona go isa Green Belt Movement kwa pele ka go godisa maemo a lone mo sechabeng ka dikgang le baema nokeng ka go kokoanya madi a a tla dirisiwang mo mananeong a go lema ditlhare le a phetogo ya loapi.

Morago ga go nna leloko la National Council of Women of Kenya, Maathai o ne a tswelela ka go ruta sechaba le go diragatsa mananeo a go ya ka bathong. GBM e ne ya tloga ya simolola lenaneo la go lema ditlhare mo Kenya ka bophara. Green Belt Movement e ne ya lema ditlhatshana ka mela go dira mabante a matala a ditlhare, ka jalo ba supa tshimologo ya Green belt Movement. Mabante a a na le dipoelo tsa go dira moruti le go kganela diphefo, a somarela mmu, ebile a oketsa bontle jwa lefatshe le go direla dinonyane le diphologolo tse dinnye bonno. Ka meletlo e ya go lema ditlhare, batho mo sechabeng ba ne ba bonala ka dipalo tse di kwa godimo. Go tlhaloganya tiro e e neng e dirwa ka lobelo ya go dira mabante a ditlhare go apesa lefatshe le le sa ikategang, leina "Green Belt Movement" le ne la dirisiwa. Ka e ne ya bona kemo nokeng le thuso ya madi go tswa kwa National Council of Women of Kenya, GBM e ne ya atlega mo go tswelediseng tiro ya yone le maiteko a yone Kenya ka bophara.

Ka maitshwaro a ga Maathai, bopelokgale, le maiteko, mokgatlho o ne wa nna le kgogedi e ntsi kwa Kenya le lefatshe ka bophara. Go lema ditlhare ga bobedi go ne ga diragala ka ngwaga wa 1979 mme go ne go akaretsa go lema ditlhare ke makgolo a bomme kwa masimong kwa Kenya. Morago ga temo e ya bobedi, GBM e ne ya kgona go tsweledisa go godisa mokgatlo le go dira dipatlisiso ka Kenya le mathata a tikologo a lefatshe le o. Mo patlisisong ya bone, ba ne ba simolola go abela bomme le makgotlana a legae ditlhatshana. GBM e ne ya simolola le mananeo a go itirela letseno, ba ruta batho ka ditiro tse di siametseng tikologo.

Morago ga go lema ditlhare ga bobedi, mananeo a mangwe a le mmalwa a ne a baka gore GBM e tseye karolo mo go lweleng ditshwanelo tsa sepolotiki. Bogolo jang ka dingwaga tsa 1989 go tsena ka 1994. Green Belt Movement e ne ya tswelela ka go itebaganya le maikaelelo a lone a a sa lwantsheng ope, fa Maathai a ne a ema kgatlhanong le tsa sepolotiki. Maathai le GBM ba berekile le dikompone tse dingwe le batho mo sechabeng sa Kenya ka bophara go buelela ditiro tse di itebagantse le tshomarelo ya tikologo, ditshwanelo tsa basadi le mathata a a lebaneng tikologo a le mmalwa. 

## Metswedi