Batho ba Afro-Caribbean

**Afro-Caribbean** kgotsa **Batho ba letso la Aforika ba Caribbean** ke batho ba Caribbean ba ba latedisang bagologolwane ba bone ka botlalo kgotsa ka bontlhabongwe kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara. Bontsi jwa batho ba segompieno ba Afro-Caribbean ba tswa mo Maaforikeng (bogolo jang go tswa kwa Afrika Bophirima le Bogare) ba ba tserweng jaaka makgoba go isiwa kwa Caribbean ya bokolone ka kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic magareng ga lekgolo la dingwaga la bo lesome le botlhano le la bolesome le boferabongwe go ya go bereka thata mo masimong a a farologaneng a sukiri le mo malapeng a selegae. Maina a mangwe a setlhopha sa morafe a akaretsa **Bantsho ba Caribbean**, **Afro-** kgotsa **Bantsho ba Bophirima jwa India**, kgotsa **Afro-** kgotsa **Bantsho ba Antillean**. Lereo **West Indian Creole** le lone le dirisitswe go kaya batho ba Afro-Caribbean, mmogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa merafe le merafe mo kgaolong, le fa go sa ntse go na le kganetsano ka ga tiriso ya lone go kaya batho ba Afro-Caribbean ka tlhamalalo. Lereo Afro-Caribbean ga le a tlhamiwa ke batho ba Caribbean ka bobone mme le ne la dirisiwa la ntlha ke Maamerika a Yuropa kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960.

Batho ba letso la Afro-Caribbean gompieno bontsi jwa bone ke ba letso lwa Aforika Bophirima le Aforika Bogare, mme mo godimo ga moo ba ka nna ba ditso tse dingwe, go akaretsa le lotso lwa Yuropa, China, Asia Borwa le Amerindian, ka gonne go nnile le manyalo a mantsi le dikopano mo gare ga batho ba Caribbean mo makgolong a dingwaga.

Le fa bontsi jwa batho ba Afro-Caribbean gompieno ba tswelela go nna mo merafeng le mafelong a Caribbean a a buang Seesemane, Sefora le Spanish, gape go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang kwa mafatsheng a mangwe go ralala lefatshe la Bophirima, segolobogolo kwa United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Fora le Netherlands. Batho ba Caribbean ke ba tumelo ya Bokeresete thata, le fa bangwe ba dirisa ditumelo tse di tswang mo Aforika kgotsa tse di kopantsweng, jaaka Santeria, Vodou le Winti. Ba le bantsi ba bua dipuo tsa Creole, Creole ya Haiti, Patois ya Jamaica, Sranantongo, Creole ya Saint Lucian, Creole ya Martinica kgotsa Papiamento.

Mmogo, baagi ba kwa gae le ba diaspora ba tlhagisitse palo ya batho ba ba nnileng le tlhotlheletso e e bonalang mo merafeng ya segompieno ya Aforika, Caribbean le Bophirima; ba akaretsa balwela-dipolotiki jaaka Marcus Garvey le C. L. R. James; bakwadi le borutegi Aimé Césaire le Frantz Fanon; Moeteledipele wa sesole sa United States le moeteledipele wa puso e bong Colin Powell; batabogi jaaka Usain Bolt, Tim Duncan le David Ortiz; le diopedi Bob Marley, Nicki Minaj, Wyclef Jean, Rihanna, Vybz Kartel le modiragatsi le seopedi Jacob Anderson.

## Ditso

### Makgolokgolo a dingwaga a bolesome le borataro–lesome le boferabobedi
Ka nako ya morago ga ga Columbus, ditlhopha tsa ditlhaketlhake le ditlhaketlhake tsa Caribbean e ne e le mafelo a ntlha a batho ba Afrika ba ba neng ba nna kwa dinageng tse dingwe ba neng ba gasame kwa bophirima jwa Atlantic. Ka 1492, go ne ga kwalwa gore Pedro Alonso Niño, yo e neng e le motsamai wa lewatle wa Moafrika le Mo-Spain, e ne e le ene a neng a kgweetsa sengwe sa dikepe tsa ga Columbus. O ne a boa ka 1499, mme a se ka a nna teng.

Mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bolesome le borataro la dingwaga, Maaforika a mantsi a ne a simolola go tsena mo bathong ba dikoloni tsa Spain tsa Caribbean, ka dinako tse dingwe ba goroga e le banna ba ba gololesegileng ba letso le le tlhakaneng kgotsa e le batlhanka ba ba neng ba dirilwe ka ditumalano, mme ba oketsega e le badiri le batlhanka ba ba dirilweng makgoba. Go batlega moo mo go ntseng go oketsega ga badiri ba Baaforika kwa Caribbean go ne go bakilwe ke go fokotsega ga batho ba le bantsi ba Ba-Taíno le batho ba bangwe ba tlhago e e bakilweng ke malwetse a masha a a tshelanwang, maemo a a botlhoko le ntwa tse di neng tsa tlisiwa ke batswakwa ba Yuropa. Mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le borataro la dingwaga, kgwebo ya makgoba go tswa kwa Aforika Bophirima go ya kwa Caribbean e ne e dira dipoelo tse dintsi mo e leng gore Francis Drake le John Hawkins ba ne ba ipaakanyeditse go nna le seabe mo go thubeng dikepe mmogo le go tlola melao ya bokolone jwa Spain, gore ba kgone go rwala batho ba ka nna sekete le makgolo a matlhano ba ba neng ba le makgoba go tswa kwa Sierra Leone go ya kwa Hispaniola (mo bogompienong e leng Haiti le Rephaboliki ya Dominican).

Mo lekgolong la bolesome le bosupa le la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, tlhabololo ya bokolone ya Yuropa kwa Caribbean e ne ya ikaega thata ka bokgoba jwa masimo go lema le go dira dijalo tse di nang le dipoelo tse di rekisiwang tsa sukiri. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng di le dintsi pelenyana fela ga bokhutlo jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, batho ba Afro-Caribbean ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba feta beng ba bone ba Yuropa thata ka palo. Mo godimo ga moo, go ne ga nna le setlhopha sa batho ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala, segolobogolo kwa ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Fora, kwa batho bangwe ba merafe e e tlhakaneng ba neng ba newa ditshwanelo gone. Kwa Saint-Domingue, batho ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala le makgoba ba ne ba tsuologela maemo a a makgwakgwa, le ntwa e e sa kgaotseng ya magareng ga dipuso. Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke maikutlo a phetogo ya Fora a a neng a bolela gore batho botlhe ba gololesegile e bile ba a lekana, Toussaint L’Ouverture le Jean Jacques Dessalines ba ne ba etelela pele Phetogo ya Haiti. Fa e ne e ipusa ka 1804, Haiti e ne ya nna rephaboliki ya ntlha ya Afro-Caribbean mo lefatsheng la Bophirima le lefatshe la ntlha e e neng e gololesegile mo bokgobeng (le fa e ne e se mo tirong e e patelediwang) mme e busiwa ke batho ba e seng basweu le batshwarwa ba pele.

### Makgolokgolo a dingwaga a bolesome le boferabongwe–masome mabedi
Ka 1804, Haiti, e e neng e na le batho ba le bantsi thata ba Baaforika le boeteledipele jwa yone, e ne ya nna setshaba sa bobedi kwa Amerika go bona boipuso go tswa mo pusong ya Yuropa. Mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, makhubu a a tswelelang a botsuolodi, a a tshwanang le Ntwa ya Baptist, e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Sam Sharpe kwa Jamaica, a ne a dira gore go nne le maemo a go fedisa bokgoba mo kgaolong eo ka go oketsega mo mafatsheng a a farologaneng a bokolone. Great Britain e ne ya fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloneng tsa yone ka 1834. Cuba e ne e le setlhaketlhake sa bofelo go gololwa, fa Spain e ne e fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa yone.

Mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi la dingwaga, batho ba Afro-Caribbean, ba e neng e le bontsi mo merafeng e le mentsi ya Caribbean, ba ne ba simolola go tlhomamisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa setso, tsa itsholelo le tsa sepolotiki ka maatla a magolo mo seraleng sa lefatshe. Marcus Garvey o ne a le gareng ga bafaladi ba le bantsi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ba neng ba tla kwa United States go tswa kwa Jamaica, a atolosa mokgatlho wa gagwe wa UNIA kwa New York City le kwa U.S. Batho ba Afro-Caribbean, jaaka Claude McKay le Eric D. Walrond, ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso mo Tsosolosong ya Harlem jaaka bataki le bakwadi. Aimé Césaire o ne a tlhama mokgatlho wa négritude.

Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1960, mafelo a West India a ne a newa boipuso jwa one jwa sepolotiki go tswa mo pusong ya bokolone ya Borithane. Ba ne ba le kwa pele mo go tlhameng mefuta e mesha ya setso jaaka mmino wa reggae, calypso le Rastafari mo teng ga Caribbean. Ka kwa ga kgaolo, batho ba ba tlhabologang ba ba tswang kwa mafatsheng a mangwe ba Afro-Caribbean kwa United States, go akaretsa le batho ba ba jaaka Stokely Carmichael le DJ Kool Herc, ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso mo go tlhabololeng mokgatlho wa Black Power wa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 le mokgatlho wa hip-hop wa dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Batho ba Afro-Caribbean le bone ba nnile le seabe mo ditlhabololong tsa setso kwa Yuropa, jaaka go supilwe ke borutegi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso jaaka Frantz Fanon le Stuart Hall.

## Batho ba ba itsegeng

### Sepolotiki

* Rre Grantley Adams – Barbados, ledipolotiki le mmueledi; Tonakgolo ya ntlha e bile e le ene fela wa Mokgatlho wa West Indies (1958–1962)
* Marcos Evangelista Adón – lepolotiki le molwelakgololesego wa Rephaboliki ya Dominican
* Jean-Bertrand Aristide – lepolotiki, moruti le tlhogo ya lefatshe, kwa Haiti
* Dean Barrow – tlhogo ya puso, kwa Belize
* Mobishopo Maurice – Grenada, moeteledipele wa phetogo
* Paul Bogle – Jamaica, molweladitshwanelo tsa dipolotiki
* Ertha Pascal Trouillot – Haiti, tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa Montsho mo lefatsheng, mmueledi
* Juan Almeida Bosque – Mofetodi wa Cuba le lepolotiki
* Dutty Boukman – Molwelakgololesego wa kwa Haiti
* Forbes Burnham – Guyana, tlhogo ya puso
* Bussa – Barbados, molwelakgololesego
* Stokely Carmichael – Yo o tsholetsweng kwa Trinidad, molweladitshwanelo tsa baagi le moeteledipele kwa US
* Mary Eugenia Charles – Tlhogo ya puso ya kwa Dominican
* Perry Christie – Mo-Bahamas, ledipolotiki le mmueledi
* Henri Christophe – Haiti, mofetodi, ramasole le tlhogo ya lefatshe
* David Clarke (molaodi) – Barbudan, Molaodi wa nako e e fetileng wa Milwaukee
* John Compton – Saint Lucia, lepolotiki le mmueledi
* Paris Dennard – Grenada, motshwaedi wa pele wa sepolotiki wa CNN
* Jean-Jacques Dessalines – Haiti (e e ka nnang 1804), mofetodi, ramasole le tlhogo ya ntlha ya lefatshe la Haiti e e ikemetseng
* Papa Doc Duvalier – mmusaesi wa Haiti, lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga
* Marcus Garvey – lepolotiki le mokwadi wa Jamaica, mothei wa UNIA le yo o neng a le matlhagatlhaga mo dipolotiking tsa Amerika go tloga ka 1916 go ya go 1927
* Philip Goldson – Belize, lepolotiki
* Kamala Devi Harris – wa lotso lwa Jamaica, Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moaforika, Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moasia, le Mothusa tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa United States
* Louis Farrakhan – letso la Jamaica le la St. Kitts, moeteledipele wa bodumedi, Tlhogo ya Setshaba sa Islam, U.S.A.
* Ulises Heureaux – Tautona wa Rephaboliki ya Dominican le moeteledipele wa sesole
* Sam Hinds – Guyana, tlhogo ya puso
* Hubert Ingraham – Mo-Bahamas, lepolotiki le mmueledi
* Toussaint L’Ouverture – Haiti, mofetodi, mramasole le mmusi
* Joseph Robert Love – Yo o tsholetsweng kwa Bahamas, ngaka ya kalafi; lepolotiki le molweladipolotiki wa kwa Jamaica yo o neng a tlhotlheletsa Marcus Garvey
* Gregorio Luperón – Rephaboliki ya Dominican, mofetodi, ramasole le mtautona
* Antonio Maceo Grajales – mofetodi wa Cuba le ramasole
* Michael Manley – Jamaica, lepolotiki
* Jon Miller – Montserrat, Tlhatlhobo ya Botlhokwa, Moagasi wa BlazeTV
* Nanny of the Maroons – Jamaica, molwelakgololesego
* Jeanne Odo – Haiti, mofedisi wa bokgoba
* Candace Owens – Moagi wa Setlhaketlhake sa Virgin sa Borithane, Motlhami wa Radio ya PragerU le  Blexit
* Wendy Phipps (yo o tshotsweng ka 1967) ke lepolotiki le mmakgwebo wa kwa Kitt's.
* Lynden Pindling – lepolotiki la Bahamas, le Tonakgolo ya ntlha ya Bahamas
* José Joaquín Puello – mofetodi wa Repaboliki ya Dominican, tona ya puso le molweladitshwanelo
* Samuel Jackman Prescod – Barbados, lepolotiki la ntlha le le tlhophilweng la mo Afro-Caribbean mo Ntlong ya Kokoano
* Francisco del Rosario Sanchez – Rephaboliki ya Dominican, mofetodi le ledipolotiki
* Sam Sharpe – Jamaica, molwelakgololesego
* Solitude – Guadeloupe, molwelakgololesego
* Eric Eustace Williams – lepolotiki la Trinidad and Tobago, mokwadi le tlhogo ya puso
* Shirley Chisholm – wa letso lwa Guyana le Bajan, mosadi wa ntlha wa montsho yo o tlhophilweng mo Congress ya Amerika, ntlhopheng wa ntlha wa tautona wa lekoko le legolo la Amerika la montsho
* Colin Powell – wa letso la Jamaica, Ramasole wa Amerika, Modulasetulo wa Ditlhogo tsa Badiri ba ba Kopanetsweng

## Metswedi