Somalia

Lefatshe la **Somalia**, le ka semmuso le bidiwang **Federal Republic of Somalia**, ke lefatshe le le kwa botlhaba ga mafatshe otlhe a a mo Aforika. Lefatshe le le kwa botlhaba thata jwa Aforika, kwa go itsegeng ka lonaka lwa Aforika, le tlhakanetse melelwane le la Ethiopia kwa bophirima, Djibouti kwa bokone-bophirima, Kenya kwa borwa-bophirima, Gulf of Aden kwa bokone le lewatle la Indian kwa botlhaba. Lefatshe le le na le lotshitshi lo loleele go feta mafatshe otlhe mo Aforika. Lefatshe la Somalia le na le palo ya batho ba ka tshwara di milone di le lesome le boferabobedi, batho ba le di milone di le pedi le dikete di supa ba nna kwa toropokgolo Mogadishu. 85% ya banni ba Somalia ke beng gae; diteme tse ditlhomamisitsweng ke Somali le Arabic, le fa ya Somali e le yone ya boremelelo. Lefatshe la Somalia le na le kamano le mafatshe a se Arabea mo ditsong le mo tumelong. Ka jalo batho ba lone ke ba tumelo ya Islam, bontsi jwa bone ba sala morago ngwao le mekgwa ya ga Muhammad. 

Bogologolo lefatshe la Somalia le ne le na le marekisetso a a botlhokwa thata. Ka nako ya dingwa tsa legare "middle age", mebuso ya Somali e e nonofileng e ne e di goga kwa pele mo thekisong ya mo kgaolong, mebuso e e akaretsa wa Ajuran Sultanate, Adal Sultanate le Sultanate of the Gedeli. Ka century ya bo lesome le boferabongwe, mebuso e e ne ya etelelwa pele ke ya Italy le ya Britain,ba ba neng ba kopanya merafe e ba e dira mebedi, wa Italian Somaliland le wa British Somaliland. Ka ngwaga wa 1960, merafe e mebedi e e ne ya kopana go dira lefatshe la Somali Republic le le ikemetseng ka nosi ka fa tlase ga puso ya mo gae. Siad Barre wa Supreme Revolutionary Counci (SRC) o ne a tsaya puso ka ngwaga wa 1969 a simolola Somali Democratic Republic, ka maikaelelo a go fedisa dikgoberego tse di neng di le kwa bokone jwa lefatshe. SRC e ne ya phutlhama ka ngwaga wa 1991 fa ntwa ya selegae e ne e simolla. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, go ne ga simolodisiwa Transitional National Government of Somalia (TNG), mo go neng ga salwa morago ke tshimolodiso ya Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) ka ngwaga wa 2004, e e neng ya simolola gape Somali Armed Forces.

Ka ngwaga wa 2006 a ya bokhutlong, lefatshe la Ethiopia le engwe nokeng ke la United States le ne la tlhasela la Somalia mme la thankgola Islamic Courts Union (ICU), mme ga felela go tlhomiwa TFG kwa Mogadishu ka fa tlase ga puso ya sesole sa lefatshe la Ethiopia. Go menola puso mo goneng ga tlhaga, go ne ga baka kgaogano ya ICU, go nna makgamu a ditsuolodi a a farologaneng, lengwe la makgamu a ke la al-Shabaab, le le neng la tsisa kgoberego kgatlhanong le sesole sa kwa Ethiopia. al-Shabaab ba ne ba simolola go etelela pele e le lantlha, mme ka ngwaga wa 2008 o fela, ba ne ba leleka masole a Ethiopia mo Somalia. Ka ngwaga wa 2009, puso e ntsha ya TFG e ne e simolodisitswe.Ngwaga wa 2012 o le fa gare, al-Shabaab e ne e latlhegetswe ke bontsi jwa dikgaolo mo ntweng kgatlhanong le TFG le masole a African Union. Mo ngwageng one oo, al-Shabaab e ne ya ikgolaganya lekgamu la Al-Qaeda. Bamenola puso ba santse ba laola legare le borwa jwa Somalia le gompieno, ebile le laola mangwe a mafelo a a ka fa tlase ga puso, toropo ya Jilib ke yone toropokgolo ya bamenolapuso.

Molaomotheo wa nakwana o fetisitswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2012, go dira lefatshe la Somalia bokopano jwa dikgaolo di eteletswe pele ke puso e le nngwe. Mo kgweding yone e o, ga simololwa Federal Government of Somalia mme ga agiwa Mogadishu sesha, le fa lekgamu la al-Shabaab le ne le tlhasela gangwe le gape. Lefatshe la Somalia ke lengwe la mafatshe a a sa tlhabologang mo lefatsheng ka bophara, se se supiwa ke sekale sa khumo ya mafatshe le HDI. Itsholelo ya lone e ikaegile ka thuo, madi a kamogelo a batho ba Somalia ba ba berekang kwa mafatsheng a sele, le mafaratlhatlha a ditlhaeletsano. Lefatshe le ke leloko la makgotla a United Nations, Arab League, African union, Non Aligned Movement, East African Community le Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

## Metswedi