open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Letlole la dituelo tsa bokgoba la lefatshe lotlhe

Letlole la dituelo tsa bokgoba la lefatshe lotlhe ke letlole le le tlhamilweng ke lekgotla la African Union le lekgotla la Caricom le maikaelelo a lone e leng go batla dituelo tsa bokgoba mo mafatsheng a a neng a eteletse pele dikolone a kwa Europe. Le butswe ka ngwaga wa 2023.

Letlole le le simolotswe ke lekgotla la African Union le lekgotla la Caricom kwa bokopanong jwa dituelo kwa Accra, jwa malatsi a le mane ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2023. Le batla dituelo tsa bokgoba mo mafatsheng a pele a kwa Europe a a neng a eteletse pele mafatshe a Aforika le a Caribbean. Ga go ise go itsesiwe gore le ya go bereka ka tsela e e ntseng jang. Letlole le le tla bo le le mo Aforika.

Mokwalo wa ntlha wa molao o o solofetsweng wa kwa Accra o supile fa lekgotla la African Union le tla ikgolaganya le la United Nations go tlhotlhomisa gore a ditiro tsa bokgoba kgatlhanong le batho ba Aforika di ne di le kkgatlhanong le ditshwanelo tsa setho ka nako eo, le gore a go tlaa sekiwa. Tautona wa lefatshe la Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo o ne a bua kwa bokopanong are "nako yotlhe ya bokgoba e ne eraya gore tswelelopele ya rona, mo go tsa itsholelo, ngwao le tlhaloganyo, e ne e eme. Go na le mainane a dipolelo tsa malwapa a a neng a kgaogantswe, ga o kake wa baya tlhwatlhwa mo ditlamoragong tsa masetlapelo a, mme di tshwanetswe go lemogiwa. Akufo-Addo o ne a re Aforika otlhe e tshwanelwa ke go kopiwa maitshwarelo semmuso ke mafatshe a kwa Europe a a neng a na le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba, le gore ga go na madi ape a a ka baakanyang tshenyo e e bakilweng ke go gweba ka makgoba go kgabaganya lewatle la Atlantic le maduo a gone. Mme ke kgang e lefatshe le tshwanetseng go bisana ka yone, e seng go e itlhokomolosa. Mokwaledimogolo wa Caricom carla, Barnett o ne a bua kwa bokopanong are "re mo nakong e e maleba ya letsholo la mafatshe la tshiamiso", le gore go botlhokwa go bua ka lentswe le le lengwe go ema nokeng go batla tshiamiso.

Baemedi go tswa kwa African Union ba ne ba simolola dipuisano tsa gore ba ka bereka jang le mafatshe a Caribbean kwa The Bahamas ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 2023.

Morirelapuso wa kwa ofising ya lefatashe la Britain la ofisi ya mafatshe a sele o ne a tsenelela bokopano jo e le bontlha jwa puisano tsa mafatshe. Puso ya Britain e tidile kgonagalo ya dituelo.

## Go tsiboga
Moemedi wa lefatshe la Barbados kwa Caricom david Comissiong are batho ba tshwanetse go rotloediwa ke tiro e e setseng e dirilwe go tlhama letsholo la dituelo tsa mafatshefatshe.

Mopalamente wa kwa Britain Bell Ribeiro-Addy o ne a tsenelea bokopano are go kopana ga African Union le Caricom go supa fa ba rometse molaetsa o o phepa wa gore se ke selo se se ka itlhokomolosiweng.

## Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe

* Dipusetso tsa bokgoba

## Metswedi
Ditheo tsa Yunibesithi tsa go tlhama dilo tse Disha le Diporojeke tsa Bašwa

## Ditheo tsa Thekenoloji le Diporojeke tsa Bašwa
Ditheo di thusa go fetola dilo, ditheo tsa yunibesithi tsa go tlhama dilo tse diswa le diporojeke tsa bašwa di tlhageletse jaaka didirisiwa tse di maatla tsa go fetola dilo, segolo thata mo merafeng e e tlhabologang. Ditikwatikwe tseno tsa tirisanommogo mo ditheong tsa akatemi di dira jaaka marogo magareng ga thuto, kgwebisano le seabe sa mmatota mo go Aforika Borwa. Di naya baithuti tshono ya go nna le bagakolodi, ditshono tsa go bona madi, le thekenoloji ya maemo a a kwa godimo gore ba kgone go dira dikakantsho le go simolola dikgwebo tse disha. Yunibesithi e nale bokgoni ba go tlhama diporokeje tsa go thusa ka metsi, matlakala kana di diriswa tsa go thusa Aforika Borwa mo e sokolang teng ka diporojeke tse.Tlhabololo ya diporojeke tseno e thusa mafapha otlhe a thuto, boitekanelo le a mangwe.

## Diporojeke tsa bašwa mo [[Aforika Borwa]]
Diporojeke tsa bašwa tse di tswang mo mafelong ano di rarabolola mathata a a farologaneng a a amang thekenoloji, go simolola ka go fetoga ga tlelaemete le tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo go ya go thuto le go tlhola ditiro. Ka sekai, bašwa ba ba dirang dilo tse diswa mo Aforika Borwa ba dirile didirisiwa tsa kalafi tse di dirisiwang mo didirisiweng tsa ileketeroniki, didirisiwa tse di tlhwatlhwatlase tsa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, le didirisiwa tsa go ruta batho go bala le go kwala. Ditheo tsa go dira dilo tse gape di rotloetsa tirisanommogo ya ditheo tse di farologaneng, di kopanya batlhami le baitsesaense ba tsa loago go tlhama ditharabololo tse di ikaegileng ka ditlhokego tsa setšhaba.

## Seabe sa Yunibesithi go Thekenoloji
Kwa ntle ga thekenoloji, mafelo ano a a nang le didirisiwa tse dintsi a rotloetsa batho go nna le bokgoni jwa go dira le go etelela pele. Di thusa baithuti gore ba se ka ba batla tiro fela, mme gape ba nne bathapi le batho ba ba fetolang dilo. Diyunibesithi di nale bašwa bao ba ikemiseditseng go thusa le go aga dilo tse diswa ka thuso ya thekenoloji go thusa batho ka kakaretso. Diyunibesiti tse di nang le mafelo a go dira dilo tse diswa le diporojeke tse di eteletsweng pele ke basha ga se dilo fela tse di tlhamilweng; ke dilo tse di nayang tsholofelo le tse di dirang gore go nne le kgatelopele. Ka go beeletsa mo popong ya bašwa le mo kgwebong, ditšhaba di jala peo ya tlhabololo e e tshwarelelang, e e akaretsang botlhe.
Bakwadi ba Bašwa

## Bakwadi ba Bašwa le Bakwaledi
Bakwadi ba bašwa ba fetola dibuka le go di anela ka ditsela tse di bontshang bopelokgale le go akanya thata go akaredikwa le dipoko. E re ka ba na le pono e ntšha, ba na le maitemogelo a botshelo, e bile ba kgona go dirisa didirisiwa tsa ileketeroniki ka thelelo, bašwa ba gompieno ga se bakwadi ba isagwe fela ba a gatisa, ba a tshameka e bile ba a rotloetsa. Dipolelo tsa bone di dira gore go nne le dikgang tse di masisi tse di jaaka go tlhaola batho, tshiamiso mo setšhabeng, go fetoga botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo le go tlosa bodutu, gantsi ba dirisa mekgwa e e kopanyang poko, tlhamane, dibuka tsa botshelo jwa gagwe le go nna le seabe mo go tsa loago.

## Ditsela tsa go Kwala
Diforamo tse di jaaka Wattpad, diblog, ditiragalo tsa mafoko a a buiwang le go gatisa ka bowena go dirile gore basha ba kgone go feta dikgoreletsi tsa setso le go fitlhelela bareetsi ka tlhamalalo. Bakwadi ba ba bašwa ba ke dikai tsa gore Aforika Borwa e dirisa le go kwala jaaka mokgwa wa go ganetsa le go itlhalosa. Go ka kwallwa dibuka tsa bana kana bagolo kgotsa ka sengwe le sengwe seo setlang mo kakanyong ya mokwadi.

## Tsedi Kwalwang
Kwantle ga bokgoni jwa bone, gantsi bakwadi ba bašwa ba na le bokgoni jo bo dirang gore ba kgatlhe balekane ba bone go ya ka dingwaga tsa bone. Ga ba kwale go ya ka kgopolo fela, mme ba kwala go ya ka boammaaruri jwa bone ka namana. Ka go dira jalo, ba gwetlha dikakanyo tse di tlwaelegileng, ba bontsha dilo tse di farologaneng tse di diragalang, e bile ba tlhotlheletsa ba bangwe gore ba bone tsela e ba ikutlwang ka yone. Mo kokomaneng nngwe le nngwe, dibuka di ne di ikaegile ka bopelokgale jwa bakwadi ba basha ba ba neng ba akanya ka lefatshe le lesha. Gompieno, ka didirisiwa le mafelo a a oketsegileng go feta pele, basha ga ba emele go bonwa ba kwala hisitori jaaka ba ka kwala ka bo Karabo Poppy Moletsane, Chaeli Mycroft,Mbuyisa Makhubo and Zulaikha Patel ba dira seno go tlhagisa hisetori ya Aforika Borwa.
Bašwaba ba eteletse dikanale tsa Youtube Channels

## Ditsela tsa YouTube tse di eteletsweng pele ke bašwa mo Aforika Borwa: Go rotloetsa tlhamego le phetogo
Go ralala Aforika Borwa, batlhami ba potlana ba dirisa maatla a YouTube go itlosa bodutu, go ruta le go dira gore go nne le dipuisano. Ditsela tseno tse di maatla tsa go dira dilo di bontsha gore batho ba ba ntseng jalo ba na le bokgoni, ba na le seabe mo setšhabeng e bile ba batla go bopa lefatshe la bone. Ba le bantsi batho ba ba tlhomologileng, ba metlae ya bona le dikarolo tse di theilweng mo ditiragalong tsa mmatota di ileng tsa ngoka batho ba ba batlang ba nna milione gore ba nne ba lebile. Mo godimo ga ditshego, kanala ya gagwe e simolotse le maiteko a a jaaka letsholo la, go kgobokanya madi go tshegetsa baithuti ka motsamao wa "Ditefiso di Tshwanetse go Fologa".

## YouTube e dira eng
Mo go tsa thuto ka ga YouTube ke gore mongwe le mongwe a ka nna le yona mme a nna le tsela e e farologaneng ya go tlhagisa thuto le tshedimosetso go batho kana go ruta ka dilo dile dinsti fela ka botshelo, go dira diteng tse di tlhofofatsang dipalo le saense ya tsa tlhago, go dira gore baithuti ba kgone go tlhaloganya megopolo e e raraaneng, segolobogolo ba ba tswang kwa dikolong tse di nang le madi a mannye. Mo bathong ba ba ratang thekenoloji, go oketsega ga batho ba ba ratang thekenoloji mo Aforika Borwa go dira gore go nne le dikakgelo tsa maemo a a kwa godimo le dithuto tse di nang le setaele. Seteišene se sengwe se se golang se ne sa bakwa mo Reddit ka ntlha ya "go thuntshiwa ga sone ka tsela e ntle, go baakanya ga sone ka tsela e e kgatlhang" le tsela e se neng se tsamaisiwa ka yone, se bontsha gore batho ba ba dirang mo lefelong leo ba ka kgona go dira dilo tse di tshwanang le tsa lefatshe lotlhe.

## Dikanale tsa YouTube
Go tswa foo go na le Pap Culture, e e tlhomilweng ke basadi ba le bararo ba bašwa ba Cape Town e bong Nwabisa Mda, Thembe Mahlaba, le Bongeka Masango ba ba kopanyang dipuisano tsa setso sa pop le dikakgelo tsa loago, ba bua ka sengwe le sengwe go simolola ka bomorafe go fitlha ka boeteledipele jwa basadi le go nna le seabe mo setšhabeng. Dikanale tseno tse di eteletsweng pele ke basha ga di akaretse fela go bopa diteng di bontsha kafa didirisiwa tsa thekenoloji di ka nonotshang batho ba bangwe ka teng, tsa ba thusa go nna le maatla le go nna le tlhotlheletso. Ka go kopanya boitlosobodutu le thuto, metlae le matsholo, le thekenoloji e e nang le maikaelelo, ba tlhalosa sesha gore go kaya eng go nna mosha, Moaforika Borwa, le go nna le tlhotlheletso ya dijithale.
Bašwaba ba tlhamang dilo mo Temothuong

thumb|Temothuto

## Bašwa ba ba Tlhabololang mo Temothuong: Go Godisa Isagwe
Bašwa ba ba dirang dilo tse diswa mo Temothuong ba fetola tsela e lefatshe le lemang dijo ka yone. E re ka ba na le thekenoloji, bokgoni jwa go tlhama dilo, le go rata go dira dilo ka tsela e e tla dirang gore di nne di le teng, bašwa  bano ba fedisa dikgopolo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa gore Temothuo ga e tlhole e le botlhokwa e bile ga go na batho ba ba nang le bokgoni jwa go e dira. Go na le moo, ba aga dipolasi tse di botlhale, ba simolola dikgwebo tse disha tsa thekenoloji ya Temothuo, e bile ba dirisa mekgwa e e sa fetogeng ya go lepalepana le maemo a bosa e e dirang gore batho ba se ka ba bolawa ke tlala, ba se ka ba bona ditiro le gore tikologo e se ka ya senyega.

## Kgodiso ya Temothuto
Go tloga ka go dirisa didrone go lekola dijalo le go jala dijalo ka metsi, balemirui ba bašwa ba dirisa saense le go nna le dikgwebo go oketsa thobo le go somarela didirisiwa. Kwa dinageng tse di jaaka Kenya, Nigeria le Aforika Borwa, dikgwebo tse di eteletsweng pele ke basha di dirisa didirisiwa tsa founo go golaganya balemirui le mebaraka, go ba naya tshedimosetso ya maemo a bosa le go tokafatsa dithulaganyo tsa go tlisa dijo. Diporojeke tse di tshwanang le temothuo e e tlhamaletseng mo mafelong a ditoropo le go dirisa AI go lemoga malwetse a dijalo di bontsha kafa boenjeniri bo fetolang temothuo ya setso ka teng.

## Tsotlhe ka ga Temothuto
Mo godimo ga moo, bašwa ba ba dirang mo temothuong ba rotloetsa go nna le kgololesego ya dijo, kitso ya batho ba ba tlholegileng koo le tekatekano ya bong. Ba gwetlha dikgoreletsi tsa go fitlhelela lefatshe mme ba buelela gore go dirwe diphetogo mo dipolotiking go dira gore temothuo e nne e e kgatlhang le e e nang le poelo mo kokomaneng e e latelang. E re ka dithulaganyo tsa dijo tsa lefatshe lotlhe di le mo kgatelelong, go dira dilo tse disha mo temothuong ga go botlhokwa fela mme go botlhokwa. Ka go beeletsa mo baeteledipeleng ba bašwa ba temothuo, re jala peo ya isagwe e e tshwarelelang, e e akaretsang botlhe le e e nang le dijo.
Segopotso sa Makgoba

thumb|Mmepe o o supang kwa segopotsong sa makgoba se leng teng (kakanyetso)
Segopotso sa makgoba sa lefatshe ke segopotso se se akanyeditsweng go supa tlotlo mo batswasetlhabelong ba bokgoba kwa United States. Se ne sa itsisiwe ka bokopano jwa palamente ka ngwaga wa 2003. Motlhatlheleladithuto Ira Berlin o ne a supa fa segopotso se se akanyeditsweng se e le sekai sa kgatlhego e batho ba America ba santseng ba na le yone mo dintlheng le boswa bokgoba. Molao o ne wa seka wa amogelwa, mme khuduthamaga e ne ya ema nokeng go diriwa ga mabolokelo a ditso le ngwao ya batho ba ditso tsa African American, a a neng a bulwa kwa marekisetsong ka ngwaga wa 2016.

## Metswedi
Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la kemiso ya bokgoba

thumb|Emisang bokgoba jwa bana
**Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la kemiso ya bokgoba** ke tiragalo ya ngwaga le ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Morule a le malatsi a mabedi, le le rulagantsweng fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1986 ke lekgotla la United Nations General Assembly.

Phuthego ya go fokodiwa ga thekiso ya batho le go tlontlololwa ka go gwebisiwa ka mebele ga ba bangwe e ne ya tlhomamisiwa ke lekgotla la United Nations General Assembly ka Morule a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1949. Phuthego e e ne ya tlhomamisa le ngwaga wa mafatshefatshe wa go ikgopotsa tshotlego ya bokgoba le kemiso ya jone ka Morule a le lesome le boferabobedi ngwaga wa 2002.

Lekgotla la United Nations le gatelela ntwa kgatlhanong le bokgoba e le bontlha jwa go ititaya sehuba mo ditshwanelo tsa setho, ba lemoga gore bokgoba jwa mofuta ofe fela, ke tlolo molao. Bokgoba jwa gompieno ke bothata jwa lefatshe ka kakaretso, bo bo amang bana ba feta sedikadike ba ba rekisiwang ngwaga le ngwaga go dira ditiro ka tlhwatlhwa ee  kwa tlase kgotsa go dirisiwa botlhaswa mo tlhakanelong dikobo, ba emelana le maemo a pampiri ya ditshwanelo tsa setho ya lefatshe lotlhe e e reng "ga go na ope o o tla nnang mo bokgobeng kgotsa botlhanka."Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la kemiso ya bokgoba ke segopotso le pitso ya go tsaya kgato go emisa bokgoba ka mefuta ya jone yotlhe.

Ditiragalo tsa letsatsi le di akaretsa go gatisa ditsebe, maboko, le maiphitlhelo go akantsha le go buisana, tshekatsheko ya mo borutelong ya kgwebo ya bokgoba le go fetoga ga yone, le dipuo ka baeteledipele ba polotiki ba gwetlha kgato go emisa bokgoba. Metswedi ya dikgang gantsi e tsenya dikgang, dipuisano, le diphuthego go tlotlomatsa kgang e, fa matsholo a go tsibosa batho a anamisa dintlha kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane le mafelo a mangwe.

## Metswedi
Ngwaga wa mafatshefatshe wa batho ba ditso tsa Aforika

Lekgotla la United Nations General Assembly le tlhomile ngwaga wa 2011 go nna **ngwaga wa mafatshefatshe wa batho ba ditso tsa Aforika** (mo molaong wa United Nations wa A/RES/64/169)**.** Ngwaga e o e ne e tshwaya gape ngwaga wa lesome wa bokopano jwa mafatshe kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya lotso le mmala (e e itsegeng gape jaaka Bokopano jwa Durban), bo bo neng jwa amogela molao o o neng o supa gore bokgoba ga mmogo le go tsaya taolo ya mafatshe mo go neng go bo tshegeditse, e ne ele melato kgatlhanong le setho.

## Ditiragalo tse di tlhophilweng tse di tsamaelanang
Lekgotla la ditshwanelo tsa setho la United Nations le ne la rulaganya ditiragalo tsa ngwaga, la rotloetsa ba bangwe, makgotla a UN otlhe ka bobedi le mafatshe a e leng maloko, go dira ditiragalo tse di tshwanang. Di ne di akaretsa:

* Tlhakole: ditlhaketlhake jaaka makgabaganyo: go tshegetsa pharologanyo ya ngwao mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse dipotlana tse di santseng di tlhabologa.
* Tlhakole 4 - 24: Ditshupo tsa botaki le poko ka motaki Hilda Zagaglia, Alta Garcia, kwa Argentina
* Tlhakole 28 go tsena Mopitlo 3: Bokopano jwa komiti ya tsa maranyane ya porojeke ya ditsela tsa bokgoba ya UNESCO
* Motsheganong 4 -11: Mokete wa ditshwantsho tsa batho bantsho, kwa Berlin Germany
* Phatwe 23: Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la segopotso sa kgwebo ya makgoba le kemiso ya jone.
** Angola: Bokopano jwa makgoba a Angola kwa Netherlands, bo rulagantswe ke lekgotla la Eduardo dos Santos kwa Luanda
** Democratic Republic of the Congo: Bokopano jwa katlego ya porojeke ya ditsela tsa bokgoba kwa DRC ka pego ya kgwebo ya makgoba, bokgoba le kgokgontsho kwa Democratic Republic of Congo (e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2010)
** Ghana: Bokopano jwa kgwebo ya makgoba jwa barutuntshi go tswa dikgaolong ste tharo tsa lefatshe, kwa Accra.
** Madagascar: Go bontshiwa ga setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa Ditsela tsa bokgoba: ponelopele ya mafatshe kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Antananarivo
** Senegal: Dipuisano, ditshupo tsa botaki le disthwantsho, ditiragalo tsa ngwao le botaki kwa Gorée.
** Brazil-Africa: thulaganyo ya ditso tsa mafatshe kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mararo le borataro jwa UNESCO.
** Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mabedi go tsena Seetebosigo a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2012 : Ditshupo tsa dinepe: "basadi mo Aforika - ga go na mmala, mmala o mongwe, kwa Nairobi, Kenya le mafelo a mangwe.

## Metswedi
Joint Operations Command (Zimbabwe)

**Taolo ya Ditiro tse di Kopanetsweng** ( **JOC** ) ke setheo se segolo se se laolang pabalesego ya naga ya Zimbabwe . E ne ya tlhongwa ke Masole a Tshireletso a Rhodesia jaaka Ntlokgolo ya Ditiro tse di Kopantsweng go okamela letsholo la yona la go lwantsha borukutlhi mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia ya Bush   mmogo le ditlhaselo tsa kwa ntle kwa mafatshe a  mabapi jaaka Zambia le Mozambique .  JOC e ne ya tswelela ka seabe sa yone mo Masoleng a Tshireletso a Zimbabwe morago ga boipuso, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo, e ntse e latofadiwa ka go tsietsa mo ditlhophong le go rulaganya tirisodikgoka ya sepolotiki .

## 2008
JOC e ne e eteletswe pele ka ngwaga wa 2008 ke Tona ya tshireletso ya lefatshe  Didymus Mutasa, mme o ne a emisediwa ka bonako morago ga ditlhopho tsa boporesidente tsa Zimbabwe tse di neng di tshwerwe ka di 29 Mopitlwe 2008, ke Tona ya Matlo a Magae le Ditirelo tsa Loago Emmerson Mnangagwa .  JOC e latofaditswe ka go rulaganya matsholo a kgatelelo kgatlhanong le batlhagisi ba makoko a kganetso, mekgatlho ya baagi le moemedi wa Amerika.  

Go ile ga bolelwa gore morago ga ditlhopho tsa mopresidente wa Zimbabwe, JOC e ne ya tsaya taolo ya go tsaya ditshwetso tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa puso, e dira jaaka puso ya sesole JOC gape e ne ya nna le seabe mo mo kgoreletsong ya tirisodikgoka ya batshegetsi ba kganetso magareng ga ditlhopho tsa 29 Mopitlwe le ditlhopho tsa bobedi ka Phukwi 2008. 

E tlhatlhobilwe ke maloko a Politburo ya ZANU-PF .&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

### Boloko
Maloko le maloko a pele a ne a akaretsa:

* Oppah Muchinguri – Tona ya Tshireletso
* Mojenerale Philip Valerio Sibanda – Molaodi wa Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Zimbabwe
* Molefetenente Mojenerale Edzai Chimonyo – Molaodi wa Sesole sa Bosetšhaba sa Zimbabwe
* Molaodi wa Sesole sa Difofane (Elsen Moyo) – Molaodi wa Sesole sa Difofane sa Zimbabwe
* Mokhomišenara Godwin Matanga – Mokhomišenara wa Sepodisi sa Repaboliki ya Zimbabwe
* Mojenerale (O rotseng) Paradzayi Zimondi – Tlhogo ya tirelo ya kgolegelo ya Zimbabwe
* Isaac Moyo – Mokaedi-Kakaretso wa Mokgatlho wa Botlhodi wa Bogare
* John Mangudya – Mmusi wa Banka ya Resefe ya Zimbabwe
* Mojenerale wa Sesole Douglas Nyikayaramba 

## Thulaganyo e e akantsweng ya go baakanya
Go ya ka tumalano e e neng ya nna teng ka ntlha ya dipuisanong tsa sepolotiki magareng ga makoko a mararo a magolo a sepolotiki, JOC e ne e tshwanetse go bitswa Lekgotla la Tshireletso la Bosetšhaba . E ne e tshwanetse go etelelelwa pele  ke Robert Mugabe mme tonakgolo ya pele, Morgan Tsvangirai, e ne e tshwanetse go nna leloko la yone.

## Ditshupiso


## Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle

* Molebeledi (2009-02-15): Go abelana maatla kwa Zimbabwe go tshosediwa ke setlhopha sa banna ba le batlhano.
Tumalano ya ga Frere

**Tumalano ya ga Frere** ke tumalano e e beilweng monwana ke mafatshe a Britain le Sultanate of Zanzibar ka ngwaga wa 1873. E beilwe monwana ke Barghash bin Said wa kwa Zanzibar, e ne e emisa go tsisiwa ga makgoba kwa Zanzibar semmuso, e pateletsa le go tswalwa ga marekisetso a makgoba kwa Zanzibar kwa toropong ya Stone. Se se ne sa dira gore go kgonagale gore batho ba Britain ba emise dikepe tsotlhe tsa makgoba kwa lewatleng la Indian, se sa digela kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian kwa tlase.

## Ditso
Tumalano e ne e le maduo a thomo e e dirilweng ke Henry Bartle Frere kwa Zanzibar. Molao o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba, o e neng e le bontlha jwa molao wa mafatshe wa Britain ka ba ne ba emisitse kgwebo ya bone ya makgoba ka ngwaga wa 1807. Thomo e e ne ya rarabolola kgang ya kgwebo ya makgoba kwa Zanzibar gareng ga lotshitshi lwa Shwahili kwa Zanzibar le Oman kwa Arabian Peninsula, kwa bogolo jwa teng e neng e le bontlha jwa kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian.

Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Zanzibar e ne e le bothata jo ba ba kgatlhanong ba kwa Britain ba neng ba bo beile leitlho dingwaga di le lesome. Tumalano ya Moresby ya ngwaga wa 1822 e ne e emisistse thekiso ya makgoba go tswa mo Zanzibar go ya India, fa tumalano ya Harmeton ya 1845 e ne e emisistse thekiso ya makgoba go ya Arabian Peninsula. Tumalano le lefatshe la Britain ka ngwaga wa 1867 e ne ya emisa go nna mo molaong ga kgwebo ya makgoba go tswa kwa Aforika go ya Zanzibar. le fa go ntse jalo, ditumalano tse go ne go itlhophelwa gore a lefatshe le batla go di sala morago. Ka go ne go se mo molaong go reka makgoba go tswa kwa Aforika go ya setlhaketlhakeng sa Zanzibar, go ne go le tahat gore Britain e laole dikepe tsa makgoba le go di itsa go tswelelela kwa Aranian Peninsula. Batho ba Britain ka jalo ba ne ba bona go sthwanela go itsa motsamao wa dikepe tsotlhe tsa makgoba go itsa go rekiwa ga makgoba gareng ga lotshitshi lwa Aforika kwa botlhaba le Arabian Peninsula.

Tumalano ya Frere ya ngwaga wa 1873 e ne ya iletsa theko ya makgoba yotlhe go tswa kwa Aforika go ya Zanzibar Archipelago. Tumalano e e ne ya felela e dira gore go tswalwe marekisetso otlhe a a neng a butswe a makgoba kwa toropong ya Stone Town kwa Zanzibar. E ne ya dira gore dikepe tsa Britain di kgone go emisa dikepe tsotlhe tsa makgoba kwa ntle ga lotshitshi lwa Swahili kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika le go kgona go emisa kgwebo ya makgoba gareng ga lotshitshi lwa Swahili le Oman le go fokotsa kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgwebo ya makgoba e ne e sa fedisiwa. bagwebi ba makgoba ba kwa Zanzibar ba ne ba seka ba emisa kgwebo ya bone, mme ba tswelela ka go nna le makgoba ka go tsaya batho ka dikgoka le go ba rekisa ka go ba tsenya ka bokukuntshwane. Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Zanzibar e ne ya tswelela go fitlhelela ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le masome mabedi. Bokgoba kwa Zanzibar ga bo a ka jwa emisiwa go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa 1879 go stena ka 1909.

## Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe

* Thibelo ya kgwebo ya bokgoba ya batho bantsho
* Bokopano jwa kgwebo ya bokgoba jwa Maesemane le batho ba Egepeto

## Metswedi
Tiso ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya Aforika

Tiso ya kgwebo ya bokgoba mo Aforika ya lefatshe la United States e ne e le bontlha jwa go emisa kgwebo ya makgoba a Aforika go fokotsa kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic gareng ga ngwaga wa 1819 le tshimologo ya ntwa ya selegae kwa America ka ngwaga wa 1861. Ka ntlha ya letsholo la go emisa kgwebo ya makgoba kwa United States, mophato wa sesole sa United States sa dikepe tsa ntwa o ne wa neelwa tiro ya go tshwara bagwebi mo Aforika le tikologo . Mo dingwageng di le masome a mane le bobedi, dikepe tsa makgoba di le lekgolo di ne tsa tshwarwa.

## Ditiro

### Tshimologo
Mophato wa ntlha wa America o ne wa romelwa kwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1819, mme morago ga gore dikepe di dikolosiwe kwa ntle kwa, go ne go sena masole a America kwa Aforika go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1840. Mo dingwageng tse di masome mabedi tse di af gare, dikepe di le mmalwa fela di ne tsa tshwarwa ka go ne go sena dikepe tse di lekaneng tsa America go disa lotshitshi lwa di mile di le dikete tse tharo, ga mmogo le matshitshi a America le lewatle fa gare. Bagwebi ba makgoba ba ne ba itse gore fa ba fofisa folaga ya lefatshe la Spain kgotsa Portugal, ba ka falola. Bokopano jwa matona a puso bo ne bo dira gore go nne tahat gore sesole se nne le mophato kwa Aforika go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1842 fa tumalano ya Webster le Ashburton le lefatshe la United kingdom e bewa monwana. Matthew C Perry o e neng e le mongwe wa sesole o ne a romelwa go laola mophato wa Aforika gape morago ga go nna ramasole ka ngwaga wa 1821. Go goroga ga gagwe go ne go tshwaya tshimologo ya go kgona ga lefatshe la America mo phokotshong, ka le ntswa dikatlego tse di ne di sena mosola fa di tshwantshiwa le mophato wa segosi wa botlhaba jwa Aforika ka nako eo. Ba Britain ba ne ba tshwara dikepe tsa makgoba di le makgolo, ebile ba lwa dintwa tsa sesole di le dintsi;  katlego ya bone e ne e le ka ntlha ya bontsi jwa masole a bone le mafelo ba nnang mo go one a a kwa Aforika ka sebele. Maiteko a a kopantsweng a Britain le America a ne a falotsa makgoba a le dikete, mme kgwebo e ne ya tswelela, mme tiro ya anamisediwa kwa botlhaba jwa indies, Brazil le lewatle la Indian. Mophato wa kwa Brazil, West Indies le wa kwa botlhaba jwa India le wa mo gae yotlhe e e ne ena le maikarabelo a go tshwara palo potlana ya bagwbi ba makgoba, mongwe le mongwe wa bone.

### Go tshwarwa ga Spitfire
Ka ngwaga wa 1844, Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro, sekepe sa USS Truxtun se ne sa neelwa ramasole Henry Bruce o a nenga  le mo taolong. Morago ga dibeke tse pedi, se ne sa tsamaya mo nokeng ya Delaware sa ya Atlantic. Morago ga go etela Funchal, Madeira, sekepe se ne sa tsena mo maemelong a Aforika kwa setlhaketlhakeng sa Canary. 

## Metswedi
Thibelo ya kgwebo ya bokgoba ya batho bantsho

Firman ya ngwaga wa 1857, e gape e bidiwang **thibelo ya kgwebo ya bokgoba jwa batho bantsho** ke kitsiso e e ntshitsweng ke kgosi Abdulmecid ka ngwaga wa 1857.

Kitsiso e e ne e emisa semmuso go tsisiwa ga makgoba a kwa Aforika mo bogosing jwa Ottoman. Le fa go ntse jalo, kitsiso e e ne e itsisiwe ka ntlha ya kgatelelo ya mafatshe a mangwe, e ne ya seka ya diragadiwa ya nna mo mokwalong fela. E ne e kgapela kwa ntle kgaolo ya Hejaz, e e neng e le yone boremelelo jwa kgorogo ya kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya lewatle le lehibidu.

## Motheo le Kitsiso
E ne e le nngwe ya ditsamaiso tse di emetseng go emisiwa semmuso ga bokgoba kwa bogosing jwa Ottoman, go akaretsa kitsiso ya 1830, kemiso ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya kwa Instabul ka 1847, kemiso ya kgwebo ya makgoba kwa Persian Gulf, kiletso ya kgwebo ya makgoba kwa Circassia le Georgia ka 1854 go tsena 1855, kemiso ya kgwebo ya bokgoba jwa batho bantsho ka 1857 le bokopano jwa Maesemane le Ottoman ka ngwaga wa 1880.

Kitsiso e ntshitswe ka nako e bogosi jwa Ottoman bo neng bo gateletswe ke mafatshe a bophirima go emisa bokgoba le kgwebo ya jone. Molao wa kemiso o ne o tsamaelana le maiteko a sesha a nako ya Tanzimat. Kitsiso ya 1854 e ne e emisitse kgwebo ya makgoba go tswa kwa Caucasus. Ka ngwaga wa 1855, kgwebo ya go isa makgoba a  Aforika kwa Crete le Janina e ne ya emisiwa. E ne e le kemiso kgatlhanong le tsela e le nngwe ya kgwebo ya makgoba a kwa Aforika go ya bogosing jwa Ottoman.

Ka ngwaga wa 1857, kgatelelo ya lefatshe la Britain e ne ya baka gore kgosi wa Ottoman a ntshe kitsiso e e kganelang kgwebo ya makgoba go tswa Sudan go ya Ottoman Egypt go kgabaganya lewatle le lehibidu go ya Ottoman Hijaz. Kitsiso e e ne ya seka ya emisa bokgoba,ebile ya seka ya kganela kgwebo ya bokgoba, e ne ya seka ya emisa le go tsewa ga makgoba go stwa kwa mafatshenga  mangwe kwa ntle ga bogosi go kgabaganya melelwane go ya bogosing jwa Ottoman.

## Ditlamorago
Le fa go ntse jalo, kemiso ya kgwebo ya bokgoba jwa batho basweu ya pele e ne e setse e bakile go tsuologa ga Hejaz kwa kgaolong ya Hijaz, mo go bakileng gore kgwebo ya bokgoba kwa Hijaz e seegelwe kwa thoko mo kemisong ya kgwebo ya bokgoba go kgabaganya lewatle le lehibidu, mme ga nna mo mokwalong fela go sa diragadiwe. Kitsiso ya 1857 e ne ya seka ya diragadiwa. Kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya lewatle le lehibidu go ya Ottoman Arabia e ne ya tswelela, fela jaaka kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya Atlantic le go kgabaganya Sahara go fetwa ka Lybia, le kgwebo ya makgoba go ya Ottoman Egypt go fetwa ka Sudan.

Go tlhoka go diragadiwa ga kitsiso ya 1857 go ne ga baka gore lefatshe la Vritain le tswelele le gatelele. E ne ya salwa morago ke bokopano jwa kgwebo ya bokgoba jwa Maesemane le batho ba Egepeto ka ngwaga wa 1877.

## Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe

* bokopano jwa kgwebo ya bokgoba jwa Maesemane le batho ba Egepeto

## Metswedi
Mokgatlho wa basadi wa kwa Birmingham wa kgololo ya makgoba a mmala o montsho

**Mokgatlho wa basadi wa kwa Birmigham wa kgololo ya makgoba a mmala o montsho**,o simolotswe kwa Birmingham, England ka ngwaga wa 1825, Moranang a le malatsi a ferabobedi. E ne e le mokgatlho wa ntlha wa basadi kgatlhanong le bokgoba, gantsi o bidiwa mokgatlho wa basadi o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba. Lucy Townsend le Mary Lloyd e ne e le bakwaledi ba ntlha ba one, fa maloko a mangwe a a o simolotseng a akaretsa Elizabeth Heyrick, Sophia Sturge le Sarah Wedgewood.

Mokgatlho o o ne o engwe nokeng ke mokgatlho wa kemiso ya bokgoba mo dikgaolong tsotlhe tsa Britain.

Ka ngwaga wa 1830, o ne wa fetoga go nna **mokgatlho wa basadi wa Birmingham**. ka 1831 go ne go na le mekgatlho e e tshwanang le one e feta masome a supa.

## Metswedi
Lefelo la go Ithuta ka Kganetso ya Morafe le Ditshwanelo tsa Botho

The Center for the Study of Genocide and Human Rights (CGHR) ke mokgatlho o o sa direng poelo o o tlhomilweng ka 2008 mme o le kwa Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. CGHR e sekaseka polao ya morafe le tirisodikgoka ya bontsi - gammogo le ditlamorago tsa yona le thibelo - ka thitokgang ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya setheo gammogo le diporojeke tsa nako e telele ka ga dikgwetlho tsa lefatshe jaaka thibelo, kgethololo le letlhoo, thuto le go itshokelana, le Mideast le dipuisano tsa US-Russia. Mo godimo ga moo, CGHR e na le UNESCO Chair in Genocide Prevention. CGHR e eteletswe pele ke mosimolodi le Mokaedi Alexander Hinton le Associate Director Nela Navarro mme e akaretsa tiro ya setlhopha sa bakanoki ba ba etelang, baeteledipele ba diporojeke, barutabana le baithuti, le balekane go ralala United States le lefatshe.

## Tiro
Go ya ka website ya CGHR, mokgele wa Setheo seno "ke go tlhaloganya le go thibela go bolawa ga batho ka bontsi le bokebekwa jo bo setlhogo. Ka go dira jalo, CGHR e dirisa mokgwa wa go thibela malwetse. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, re lebane le dikgang tse di masisi tsa ditshwanelo tsa botho, go akaretsa le dikgwetlho tse di masisi thata tsa lekgolo la bo21 la dingwaga tse di ka dirang gore go nne le polao ya morafe, bokebekwa jo bo setlhogo, le dikgato tse dingwe tse di amanang le tsone. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, re dirisa lense ya tshekatsheko go akanya gape ka dikakanyo le go neelana ka megopolo le ditharabololo tse dingwe".

## Mananeo
CGHR e na le maiteko a le mmalwa a patlisiso a a amanang le polao ya morafe le ditshwanelo tsa botho, go akaretsa le UNESCO Chair in Genocide Prevention le diporojeke tsa U.S.-MidEast Dialogue, Forgotten Genocides, Human Rights Education, Raphael Lemkin, le Truth in the Americas.  Bosheng jaana, Lefelo le kopile 2019-24 Global Consortium on Bigotry and Hate le balekane ba le robedi ba boditšhabatšhaba. 

## Se se Bolelwang ke Metswedi ya Dikgang
Ditlhogo ka ga CGHR di tlhageletse mo metsweding ya dikgang ya selegae, ya bosetšhaba le ya boditšhabatšhaba. 

Dikgatiso Tse di Amanang le CGHR

CGHR Rutgers University Press book,  ⁇ Genocide, Political Violence, Human Rights ⁇ 

CGHR e-zine,  ⁇ The Rutgers Humanist ⁇ 

Lokwalodikgang lwa CGHR, "Global Voices"

Dikgatiso tse di amanang le dikhonferense le ditiragalo tsa CGHR

## Dikitso


## Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle
Webosaete ya semmuso
Go ikarabela ga mebuso ya bokolone

**Go ikarabela ga mebuso ya bokolone: polelo e e sa bolelwang ya sesole sa Britain kwa Kenya**, e e gatisitsweng ka leina la Sesole sa Britain: phelelo e e setlhogo ya bogosi kwa Kenya, ke buka ya ditiragalo tsa boammaruri e e kwadilweng ke Caroline Elkins e gatisitswe ke Henry Holt. E ne ya fenya seetsele sa dinuka tsa ditiragalo tsa boammaruri sa ngwaga wa 2006 sa Pulitzer.

## Tshoboko
Buka e e tlhalosa ka fa puso ya Britain ya sekolone e neng ya dirisa go tshwara batho ka dipalo tse dintsi kwa Kenya e le tsela ya go ritibatsa seemo sa ntwa ya Mau Mau. Elkins o tlhalosa go tlhamiwa le ka fa go neng go dirwa dilo ka teng kwa dikampeng, pogiso le tshotlo e e neng e diragala, le maiteko a ba Britain go senya dikwalo pele ga boipuso jwa lefatshe la kenya, morago ga go fitlha ditiragalo tseo jaaka tsa tlhaselo ya Hola.

Buka e e ne ya ntshiwa gape ka setlhogo sa Sesole sa Britain: phelelo e e setlhogo ya bogosi kwa Kenya, e gatisitswe ke Jonathan Cape ka ngwaga wa 2005.

## Dikgatiso tse di dirisitsweng
Go ikarabela ga mebuso ya bokolone:polelo e e sa bolelwa ya sesole sa Britain kwa Kenya, e gatisitswe ke Henry Holt le Jonathan Cape ISBN 0-8050-8001-5

## Metswedi
Motheo wa Aforika

**Motheo wa Aforika** o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa 1807 mo rago ga gore batho ba Britain ba ba kgatlhanong le bokgoba ba atlege mo go fediseng kgwebo ya makgoba kwa United Kingdom. Motheo o o ne o tlhametswe go atlega fa kompone ya Sierra Leone e reteletsweng teng - go dira botshabelo jo bo tshelang, ebile bo tlhabologile jwa makgoba a a gololesegileng kwa Sierra Leone, kwa bophirima jwa Aforika. O ne o eteletswe pele ke James Stephen le William Wilberforce. Go tswa ka ngwaga ya 1823, tiro ya one e ne e dirwa ke lekgotla la kemiso le thibelo bokgoba mo dikgaolong tsotlhe tsa Britaon, mme o ne wa seka wa tlhola o nna teng gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1826 go tsena 1828.

## Ditso
Fa kompone ya Sierra Leone e lekileng go fetola batho ba bogologolo ka go abelana le bone mafoko a a molemo, motheo wa Aforika o ikaeletse go tokafatsa seelo sa botshelo kwa Freetwon pele. Melao le melawana e ne ya akantshiwa kwa bokopanong jwa one ja ntlha ka ngwaga ya 1807, Moranang a le lesome le bone. Ntlha nngwe ya maikaelelo a one e ne e le go baakanya molato o ma Aforika a o itemogetseng mo kopanong ya bone le batho ba Europe.

Baeteledipele ba motheo wa Aforika e ne e le James Stephen le William Wilberforce. Kgosana ya Gloucester ebong setlogolo sa ga Kgosi George wa boraro, o ne a nna tautona wa ntlha wa motheo o,morago a kopanela le bateteledipele ba direkereke le ba maemo a a fa godimo. Malwapa a badumedi a a eteletseng pele le one a ne a ema nokeng, ga mmogo le lekalana la dikereke tse di kgatlhanong le boraro jwa Modimo, jaaka Peter Finch Martineau.

## Metswedi
Lekgotla la Kagiso la Liberia

Lekgotla la Kagiso la Liberia (LPC) e ne e le setlhopha sa batsuolodi se se neng sa tsaya karolo mo Ntweng ya Selegae ya Liberia ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga George Boley. 

LPC e simolotse ka 1993, ka bontlhabongwe e le maatla a motlhankedi wa Mabotho a Sesole sa Liberia (AFL). E ne ya fenya National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Liberia, e lwela go laola kgwebo ya logong le rabara.

Mokgatlho wa morafe wa Krahn, o ne wa ngoka batshegetsi go tswa mo United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) le AFL, mme gape le go tswa mo merafeng e mengwe e e neng e bogisiwa ke NPFL.

E ne e na le dirukutlhi di ka nna 2 500 mo setlhopheng sa yone. 

Jaaka ditlhopha tsotlhe tse di neng tsa tsaya karolo mo ntweng ya selegae, LPC e ne ya dira dikgatako tse di masisi tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tse di akaretsang polao, pogiso, le go thuba ka maiteko a go tshosa le go tlosa batho mo mafelong a selegae a a neng a tshwerwe ke NPFL.

## Ditshupiso
Hadizatou Mani

thumb|Hadizatou Mani fa a ne a etetse mokwaledi mogolo wa lefatshe Hillary Clinton le mohumagadi wa tautona wa pele Michelle Obama ka ngwaga wa 2009.
Hadizatou Mani o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1984, ke molwela ditshwanelo wa kwa Niger o o loleng ntwa ya semolao go ikgolola mo bokgobeng, o fa e sale ka nako ya kgololesego ya gagwe a nnileng mmueledi o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba

## Botshelo jwa gagwe
Mani o tsholetswe kwa Dogaroua kwa kgaolong ya Tahoua kwa legareng la Niger ka ngwaga wa 1984. Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, o ne a rekisediwa mo bokgobeng ka tlhwatlhwa ya di dolara di le makgolo a matlhano. O ne a nna mosadi wa botlhano wa mong wa gagwe, a tshwanelwa ke go dira ditiro tsa mo gae le tse di tlhokang marapo. Mani o en a dirisiwa dikgoka o tlhakanelong dikobo  mo bokgobeng jwa gagwe, a nna le bana ba le bane, ba le babedi ba ne ba kgona go golola.

Ka ngwaga wa 2003, morago ga kgatelelo ya mafatshe a sele, bokgoba bo ne jwa seka jwa nna ka fa molaon kwa Niger. Timidria, lekgotla le e seng la puso la kwa Niger, le ne la pateletsa mong wa ga Mani go baya monwana setlankana sa kgololesego ya ga Mani le basadi ba gagwe ba bangwe, le ntswa Mani a ne a sa bolelelwa ka kgololesego e.

Ditsheko di le dintsi di ne tsa simolola morago ga go gololwa ga ga Mani; ya ntlha e ne ya netefsa kgololesego ya gagwe, ya bobedi ya re ga go a nna jalo. Mani o ne a nyalwa gape morago ga kgololo ya gagwe, monna wa gagwe wa ntlha a re se a se dirang ke go nyala lefufa. Tsheko ya bofelo ya nwgaga wa 2008, kwa Mani a neng a engwe nokeng ke lekgotla la mafatshefatshe le le kgatlhanong le bokgoba le la Trimidia, ba bega kgang ya gagwe fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo ya lekgotla la itsholelo la mafatshe a bophirima jwa Aforika (ECOWAS), e ne ya atlega; lekgotla la ECOWAS la gwetlha maloko a lone go sireletsa banni ba one mo bokgobeng.

Morago ga tsheko ya bofelo, Mawi o ne a atswiwa ka di dolara tsa America di le dikete di le masome a mabedi, a ditshenyegelo, a amogela le kgatlhego ya mafatshe a sele ka kgang ya gagwe, go akaretsa go fiwa seetsele sa basadi ba ba ititeileng sebete ba ngwaga wa 2009, go tswa mo mohumagading wa ga tautona wa pele Michelle Obama, le mokwaledi wa lefatshe wa nako eo, Hillary Clinton. Pampiri ya dikgang ya Time e biditse Mani mongwe wa batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso  ba ngwaga wa 2009.

Le ntswa Mani a fentse tsheko ya gagwe, bokgoba bo tsweletse kwa Niger, Mani fa e sale jalo ke mmueledi le molweladitshwanelo kgatlhanong le bokgoba o thusitse batswasetlhabelo ba bangwe ba basadi ka thuso ya lekgotla la Trimida go lwantsha bokgoba jwa bone mo dikgotlatshekelong. Se se akaretsa tsheko ya ngwaga wa 2014, e mo go yone monna a atlholetsweng dingwaga di le dine mo kgolegelong go bo a dirile mosadi lekgoba.

Ka ngwaga wa 2022, mani o ne a bidiwa mongwe wa basadi ba le lekgolo ba ngwaga ke motswedi wa dikgang wa BBC.

## Metswedi
Mbuyisa Makhubo

**Mbuyisa Makhubu** (o belegwe ka 1957 kgotsa 1958) ke molweladitshwanelo tsa Aforikaborwa yo o neng le kgatlhanong le tlhaolele yo o neng a nyelela ka 1979.  O ne a itsege thata morago ga go bonwa a tshotse Hector Pieterson mo setshwantshong se se neng se tserwe ke Sam Nzima morago ga gore Pieterson a thuntshiwe ka nako ya Dikhuduego tsa Soweto ka 1976.  Le fa setshwantsho ntse se le teng, ga go itsiwe go le gontsi ka Makhubu. 

Morago ga gore setshwantsho seno se gololwe, Makhubu o ne a tshwenngwa ke batho ba ditirelo tsa tshireletso, mme a patelesega ke go tshaba mo Aforikaborwa . Mmaagwe, e leng Nombulelo Makhubu, o boleletse lekgotla la Boammaaruri le Poelano gore o amogetse lekwalo go tswa kwa go ene a le kwa Nigeria ka ngwaga wa 1978, mme a re ga a ise a utlwe sepe ka ene fa e sale ka nako eo.  Mmagwe Mbuyisa o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2004, mme o tlhokafala a sa itse gore go diragaletseng ka morwawe.  Mbuyisa e ne e le mongwe wa balweladitshwanelo ba le mmalwa ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba newa botshabelo kwa Nigeria ka bonako morago ga tiragalo ya kwa Soweto. E ne e le mongwe wa ba le bararo ba ba neng ba nna kwa sekolong se segolo se se nang le marobalo kwa Borwa-Bophirima jwa Nigeria - Kholetšhe ya Puso ya Bofeterale, ka ngwaga wa dithuto wa 1976–1977. Mme botlhe ba ne ba palelwa ke go tlhomama ka tulo, mme ba ne ba fuduga mo ngwageng o le mongwe fela. 

Ka ngwaga wa 2013, go ne ga tlhagelela ditatofatso tsa gore monna mongwe, Victor Vinnetou, yo o neng a le kwa kgolegelong kwa Canada mo dingwageng tse robedi tse di fetileng ka ditatofatso tsa bofaladi e ne e le Makhubu. Go ne ga dirwa diteko tsa dijini go bona gore a tota ke Mbuyisa Makhubo. 2] Morago go ne ga begwa fa diteko tsa dijini di ne di sa supe fa monna o, e ne e le Makhubu, mme seo sa swabisa ba lelapa la ga Makhubu,[3] le fa gone go ne ga begwa gore teko ya dijini e ne e dirilwe mo go mongwe wa lelapa yo o neng a se na kamano ya madi le batsadi ka bobedi.[ 4]

Go tloga ka 2020, ga go ise go itsiwe gore Mbuyisa o kae.   Ka one ngwaga oo, filimi ya dikarolo di le nne e e bidiwang *Through The Cracks*, e e neng ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa bo 44 wa kgoberego ka la bo 16 Seetebosigo 2020, e ne ya tlamela ka dintlha dingwe tse di neng di sa buiwe pele ka botshelo jwa ga Makhubu.  Gape go ne ga begwa gore go tlaa tlhongwa letlapa la boswa le le gopolang Makhubu ka di 16 Seetebosigo 2020, le lone. 

## Go bala go ya pele

* Dafite, Lusile. "Hector Pieterson o Bona Segopotso sa Gagwe." Webosaete ya Semmuso ya Toropo ya Johannesburg
* Dafite, Lusile. "Letsatsi le Hector Pieterson a tlhokafetseng ka lone."  

## Ditshupiso
Isphithiphithi

```actionscript
"Isphithiphithi"
Recorded: 2021
Released: 6 August 2021
Songwriter(s): Paballo Basetsana Mothapo, Clive Tshikosi, Joocy
Producer(s): Busta 929
Duration: 11:00
```
"Isphithiphithi" is the debut single by South-African born singer Pabi Cooper. The song surpassed 4 million streams on Spotify respectively and it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA).

The song features Reece Madlisa, Busta 929 & Joocy. Its music video was uploaded on YouTube and it surpassed 14 million views. It shows Pabi Cooper dancing with her alleged estranged friend Thee Buhle.
Thee Buhle

Lundi Buhle Gugwana (born 26 September 1999), known professionally as Thee Buhle is a South-African born 3-step DJ, dancer and content creator. She gained popularity after posting videos of her dancing. She is the alleged estranged friend of Pabi Cooper.  
```apt_sources
Born: 26 September 1999 (age 25)
Other names: Lundi, chipi ya peketle peketle
Known for: Dancing, DJing, content creation 
Children: None
Genres: 3-step, afro house/tech, gqom
```
In 2025, Buhle appeared on the show "MTV: City Girls Are Up" with fellow amapiano artists Boohle and Bontle Smith. She announced her debut single with Zeh Mcgeba, MK Productions and Sykes. 

She has over 151k+ subscribers on YouTube, 794k+ followers on Instagram and 1.2M+ followers on TikTok.
Peter Fawcus

**Peter Fawcus** (yo o tshotsweng ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1915 – O tlhokafetse ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2003) e ne e le motsamaisi wa bokoloniale wa Borithane mo tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland.

O ne a rutegile kwa sekolong se se golwane sa Cambridge Yunibesithi. Fawcus e ne e le Mokwaledi wa Puso wa lefatshe la Bechuanaland go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1954 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1959,Mokhomišenara wa Baagi wa Bechuanaland go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1959 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1963 gape ele Mokhomišenara wa Mmamosadinyana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1963 go ema ka 1965. O baakanyeditse tsela ya go ipusa ga lefatshe la Botswana ka 1966.

## Metswedi
* FAWCUS, Sir (Robert) Peter, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014
Frederick Carrington

Fa o batla Mmegadikgang wa ko Enyelane o ka leba Frederick George Carrington. Fa o batla motho wa Polotiki wa kwa New Zealand o ka leba Frederic Carrington.

Major-General **Sir Frederick Carrington**, KCB, KCMG (23 August 1844 – 22 March 1913) was a British Army officer best known for his role in the Second Matabele War.

## Biography
Carrington was educated at Cheltenham College and joined the 24th Regiment of Foot in 1864.

In 1875, he arrived in South Africa where he raised and commanded the Mounted Infantry in the Griqualand West expedition and the Frontier Light Horse in the Ninth Frontier War in 1877.

He commanded the Transvaal Volunteer Force against Sekhukhune in 1878–1879 and the Cape Mounted Riflemen in the Basuto Gun War of 1881. He was severely wounded in this campaign.

In 1885, he accompanied Sir Charles Warren's expedition to Bechuanaland in command of the 2nd Mounted Infantry, which soon became known as 'Carrington's Horse'.

He commanded the Bechuanaland Police beginning in 1888. He also was appointed military adviser to the High Commissioner in the First Matabele War and commanded the British force in the Matabele Rebellion in 1896.

Carrington was in command of Belfast district in 1899–1900. Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, he was appointed on the staff of the South Africa Field Force on 28 February 1900, with the local rank of a lieutenant-general to be in command of the Rhodesian Field Force. This was a field force established to prevent attacks on Rhodesia from the south, and the soldiers were drawn from the various colonial contingents in the war, including the South Australian Citizen Bushmen (though not from Rhodesia itself).Carrington left for South Africa in March 1900 on the SS *Dunottar Castle*, and arrived in Cape Town the following month.

He was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1887, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1897, and retired with the rank of major-general.

He was the father-in-law of World War I fighter ace William Mayes Fry and the father of the writer Dorothy Carrington.
Public holidays in Botswana

Malatsi a boikhutso a Botswana a laolwa thata ke bathapi ba puso ba ba fiwang malatsi a boikhutso a a duelwang. Thulaganyo ya malatsi a boikhutso a puso e solegela badiredi ba puso le ba dikgwebo tse di laolwang ke puso molemo thata. Ka fa mothapi a bonang ka teng, malatsi a mangwe a boikhutso a e seng a semmuso  a jaaka maitseboa a Keresemose ke a a tlwaelegileng a okediwang mo palong ya malatsi a boikhutso a a duelwang.

Malatsi a magolo a boikhutso a bakeresete a  jaaka Keresemose le Labotlhano yo o Molemo a ketekwa semmuso, go letlelelwa malatsi a boikhutso a mangwe a bodumedi. Ka sekai, bana bangwe ba sekolo le badiri ba tsaya malatsi a boikhutso ka malatsi a boikhutso a Bamoseleme, malatsi a boikhutso a Bahindu, kana malatsi a boikhutso a Eastern Orthodox go ya ka khalendara ya ga Julian. Le fa ka tlwaelo batho ba Batswana ba sa ye tirong, ba keteka Letsatsi la Baratiwa, Halowine, letsatsi la Bomme le letsatsi la Borreke ditlwaelo tsa setso tsa Batswana.

### Malatsi a boikhutso [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_Botswana&action=edit&section=1 Fetola Motswedi]
Malatsi a boikhutso a setshaba mo Botswana a tlhomilwe ka molao ke palamente ya Botswana
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports

Bolwetse jwa COVID-19 bo bakile tshenyo e kgolo  mo khalendareng ya metshameko fa e sale ntwa ya Lefatshe II. Go ralala lefatshe le ka dipalo tse di farologaneng, ditiragalo tsa metshameko di ne tsa phimolwa kgotsa tsa busediwa morago.Metshameko ya diolimpiki tsa selemo tsa 2020 kwa Tokyo e ne ya busetswa morago go ya go 2021.Dinaga di le mmalwa fela le dikgaolo jaaka Hong Kong, Turkmenistan,Belarus, le Nicaragua di ne tsa tswelela ka metshameko ya porofeshenale jaaka go rulagantswe.
Climate change in Botswana

Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi mo Botswana e tlhalosiwa fa e le diphetogo tsa semo sa bosa mo Botswana le tsibogo e e latelang, tlwaelo le maano a go fokotsa maemo a tlelaemete mo nageng. Go solofetswe gore e tla dira gore komelelo e nne maswe le go feta le gore e nne teng ka makgetlo a le mantsi ka ntlha ya dipaka tse dikhutshwane tsa dipula le malatsi a pula a a fokotsegileng. Ka ntlha ya go fetofetoga ga tlelaemete le maemo a bosa, naga e ka nna ya itemogela dipula tse di maatla tse di senyang.