Frank Filchock

**Frank Joseph Filchock** (Phalane a robabobedi, 1916-Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi, 1994) e ne e le motshameki wa kgwele ya seAmerika (gridion football) ebile e le mokatisi. Ka ditamorago tsa matlhabisa ditlhong a 1946 NFL Championship Game, o ne a emisiwa go tshameka ka nakwana ke National Football League (NFL) go tswa ka 1947 go ema ka 1950 ka ntata ya go amanngwa le babetshi.

## Tiro ya pele
A tshotswe ka 1916 kwa toropong ya moepo e nnye ya Crucible kwa Pennsylvania, Filchock e ne e le naledi ya motshameki kwa Redstone Township High School le kwa Indiana University morago. Fa a sena go aloga kwa mmadikole, o ne a nna motlhophiwa wa bobedi wa Pittsburgh Pirates (e gompieno e leng Pittsburgh Steelers) mo legatong la bobedi la 1938 NFL Draft. Tlhopho ya ntlha ya Pirates mo legatong la ntlha e ne e le Byron (Whizzer) White wa Colorado, yo morago e neng ya nna moatlhodi wa U.S. Supreme Court. Filchock o ne a tsena mo metshamekong e le merataro ya Pirates ka 1938, mme o ne a rekisediwa Washington Redskins.

Kwa Washington, o ne a tsena mo metshamekong e le merataro fa godimo mo setlheng sa 1938, a ithuta mo go Sammy Baugh. O ntse kwa Redskins setlha sa 1941 sotlhe, sephatlo sa nako a fapaanela dikarolo le Baugh. Mo nakong eo ya kabakanyo, bobedi jo bo ne bo itsewe e le *Slingin' Sam* le *Flingin' Frank*.

Ka Phalane a le lesome le botlhano, 1939 Filchock a tika tlhago ya dikgato tse masome a ferabongwe le boferabongwe ya touchdown (99-yard touchdown pass)  e le ya ntlha mo ditsong tsa NFL, a e tikela Andy Farkas, mo motshamekong kgatlhanong le setlhopha sa gagwe sa pele ebong Pirates. Se sa baya rekote ya tshameko e telele go tswa mo scrimmage, rekote e e ka lekanngwang fela e ka seke ya thubiwa. Ka 1939 le 1944 o ne a etelela liki ka ditlhago tsa touchdown. Mo ngwageng o ko morago o o o ne a fenya bosimega ja go nna mo fetisi wa ditlhago, a gaisa motshameki ka ene Baugh ka noko.

Ka 1942 le 1943 Filchock o ne a dule mo go tshamekeng kgwele mme a bereka e le lesole la United States Navy. Nako ya fa a le kwa bosoleng o ne a tshamekela Georgia Pre-Flight,kwa a neng a biletswa kwa setlhopheng sa  U.P. All-Service e le tailback. Ka 1944 o ne a boela kwa Washington D.C., kwa Redskins e ne e fudugetse kwa go diriseng T-formation.

Morago ga setlha sa 1945 mokatisi Steve Owen wa New York Giants a kopa monngayone Tim Mara go re a tsee Filchock gore a te a nne mofetisi wa ditlhago mo tlhaselong ya ga Owen ya T-formation. Mara a dira papadi le Redskins, mme go tsaya monwana wa ga Filchock go ne go le thata thata. Mara o ne a seka a felela a feta selekanyetso sa gagwe sa ka gale fela, mme o ne a dumela konteraka ya dingwaga tse di mmalwa ya ntlha mo ditsong tsa Giants. Filchock o ne a fiwa madi a go buiwang e ne e le $35,000 a ditlha tse tharo. Le bagaka ba Giants ba ba tshwanang Benny Friedman, Mel Hein le mokatisi Steve Owen ne ba ise ba fiwe dikonteraka tsa dingwaga tse di mmalwa (Owen o ne a katisitse Giants dingwaga tse masome mabedi le bobedi a sena konteraka).

Le fa a ne a na le kgobalo e botlhoko ya letsogo, Filchock o ne a nna le ngwaga wa ntlha o o siameng kwa New York, a fetisa ditlhago mo dikgatong tse 1,262 le di touchdown tse lesome le bobedi. O ne a taboga dikgato tse dingwe di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa le motso ebile a tlhophiwa e le all-pro halfback ebile e le motsahameki wa tlhwatlhwa wa Giants. Matshosetsi a gagwe a go fetisa kgwele e ne e le se Giants e neng e se tlhoka go dira gore tlhaselo ya ga Owen e bereke, Filchock o ne a etelela setlhopha go tswa kwa rekoteng ya 3-6-1 ka 1945 go ya kwa go 7-3-1 le maemo a ntlha mo Eastern Conference ka 1946. Se se ne sa ba isa kwa motshameko wa bosimega wa NFL wa 1946 le Chicago Bears, o o neng o beetswe Tshipi, Sedimonthole a le lesome le botlhano.

## Matlhabisa ditlhong (Scandal)
Dioura pele ga motshameko, polelo e ne ya tlhaga mo seromamoweng go babetshi ne ba lekile go senya motshameko-gape gore Filchock le  mongwe wa lemorago la Giants, Merle Hapes, ne ba le moteng. Go ne ga lemogiwa gore ratoropo wa New York City Bill O'Dwyer, molaodi wa NFL Bert Bell, le ramapodisi Arthur Wallander  le monnga Giants Tim Mara ba ne ba kopane kwa kantorong ya ga ratoropo go sekaseka seemo letsatsi pele ga motshameko. O'Dwyer gape o ne a batlile go kopana le batshameki, mme Filchock le Hapes ba ne ba tsisiwa kwa bonnong jwa ga ratoropo moragonyana mo letsatsing leo. Kwa bokopanong jo, Hapes a dumela fa a ne a kopilwe, fa Filchock ene a ganetsa kgang eo.

Ka nako ya makuku ya bobedi ka Sontaga, dioura tse lesome le bobedi fela pele ga motshameko, kantoro ya mmueledi wa kgaolo ya gasa phatlalatsa gore Filchock le Hapes ba ne ba solofeditswe $2,500 mongwe le mongwe le dipoelo tsa pecho ya $1,000 ya gore Chicago e tlaa fenya ka dintlha tse di fetang lesome. Batshameki ba gape ne ba solofeditswe ditiro tsa setlha se fedile tse di neng di solofetswe go ba tsisetsa $15,000 yo mongwe.

Bell a gasa gore le fa mapodisi a ne a swetsa gore ga gona motshameki ope yo o neng a tsere pipamolomo, liki e ne e tlaa dira ditlhotlhomiso tsa yone ka ga di tsholofetso tseo. Motshameko o ne wa tswelela jaaka o ne o beilwe. Filchock, yo ka nako ya bokopano le ratoropo a ganeditseng go kopiwa, o ne a letelelwa go tshameka mo motshamekong oo. Hapes, yo o neng a dumetse go palelwa ke go bega ka teko ya pipamolomo, o ne a seka a letlelelwa go tshameka.

Ka jalo Giants e ne ya tsena mo motshameko o kwa ntle ga mongwe wa dinaledi tsa bone wa backfield le leru le le fa godimo ga yo mongwe. Fa Filchock a tsenngwa, o ne a goelelwa. Go begwa a ne a tshameka thata, a robega nko, mme Giants ya latlhegelwa 24-14 kgatlhanong le Bears. Se e ne e le sone se se neng se batiwa ke babetshi; ba ne ba sa fenya ebile ba sa latlhegelwa dipecho tsa bone.

Filchock o tshamekile metsotso e le masome a matlhano ebile o ne a na le maikarabelo mo go noseng gotlhe ga Giants, a fetisetsa ditlhago tsa touchdown kwa go Frank Liebel le Steve Filipowicz. O ne a feleletsa ditlhago dirobabongwe mo go tse masome a mabedi le borataro mo dikgatong tse 128 a bo a kgoreletsa tse thataro. Batshameki ba ba fentseng ba tsaya $1,975.82 mongwe le mongwe, ba ba latlhegetsweng ba tsaa $1,295.57. Filchock le Hapes ba fiwa diabe tsa bone di tletse.

Morago ga motshameko, Associated Press ya bega goreAlvin J. Paris, yo a ipitsang mobetshi mogolo wa tsa metshameko, o ne a tlhagelela ga pele ga lekgotla ka tatofatso ya pipamolomo, a supiwa ka monwana go bo a ne a solofetsa Merle Hapes and Frank Filchock, banna ba lemorago la Giants, $2,500 mongwe le mongwe gore ba dumalana go seke go tshameke ka natla mo motshamekong wa bosimega. Mapodisi a ne a seka a bona batshameki ka bobedi molato mme Hapes a bewa kwa ntle ga motshameko ka taelo ya Bert Bell, molaodi wa liki. Filchock, motshameki wa botlhokwa mo lemoragong la Giants, a tshameka motshameko otlhe.

## Ditlamorago
Alvin Paris o ne a atlholelwa pipamolomo ka Firikgong a robabobedi, 1947. Letsatsi leo Bell a seegela fa tlhoko batshameki ka bobedi, le fa ne moatlhodi mo tshekong ya ga Paris a ne a bone gore "Frank Filchock o ne a sena seabe, mme o ne e le motswasetlhabelo wa diemo."

Morago ga tsheko ya ga Paris, babetshi ba bangwe ba le bararo ba ne ba tlhagelela fa pele ga lekgotla ka ditatofatso tsa pipamolomo le go loga segwenegwene. Paris o ne a seka a fa bosupi mo ipuelelelong ya gagwe, mme e ne e le mosupi wa popotla mosekisi mo tshekong ya bobedi. O ne a supa gore  $500 o ne a bechiwa mo batshameking ba Giants botlhe ka bobedi gore Giants gore ba ya go fenya motshameko wa bone wa bofelo wa setlha sa tlwaelo, kgatlhanong le Redskins. Se se ne se dirilwe ntle le kitso ya batshameki. Paris a ba duela madi a a dirilweng morago ga motshameko. Go ya ka ene Hapes o ne a tsaya madi ao kwa ntle ga ngangisano, fa Filchock e ne a ne a tlhoka go tlhotlhelediwa. Paris gape o ne a re Hapes o ne a le maikaelelo a go latlha motshameko o o wa bommampodi mme Filchock o ne a ya go sekaseka kabelo yeo bosigo pele ga a e gana.

Hapes le Filchock le bone ba ne ba fa bosupi. Ba ne ba ganetsa thata gore ba kile ba tsaya madi mangwe a tswa kwa go Paris kana ba sekaseka pipamolomo epe.

Banaleseabe ba bararo mo tshekong ya boraro ba ne ba atlholwa mme ba fiwa katlholo ya dingwaga tse tlhano go ya go tse lesome. Katlholo ya ga Paris e ne ya tosolosiwa go fitlha morago ga tsheko ya bobedi. Bosupi jwa gagwe jwa basekisi bo ne ba tsenngwa mo tshekatshekong, mme a fiwa katlholo ya ngwaga. O ne a ntshiwa morago ga dikgwedi tse di robangbongwe.

Mo dioureng tse masome a mabedi le bone morago ga katlholo ya bobedi, Molaodi Bell o ne a oketsa go seegelwa ga thoko ga ga Filchock le Hapes go sena nako e e beilweng. O ne a dira se, a re, ka gore o ne a bone batshameki ba "molato wa ditiro tse di ka gobatsang  botsogo jwa National Football League le jwa kgwele ya seAmerika." Tsheegelo fa thoko ye e ne e sa beelwa NFL fela, mme e ya le kwa di liking tse di kwa tlase tse di golaganeng nayo. E ne e sa ame All-America Football Conference e ntsha, mme ba ne ba ka seke ba tlhophe batshameki ba ba neng ba seegetswe fa tlhoko ke liki e tona ka go latofadiwa ka go betsha. Se se ne se raya gore Filchock o ne a seegetswe kwa thoko mo go tshamekeng kgwele mo Amerika.

Fa Filchock a botswa ka lenaneo la gagwe, o ne a araba a re "Ga ke ise ke dire ape mananeo a isago ka gore ga ke ise ke nne le kakanyo ya go tswa mo kgweleng. Ke santse ke batla go tshameka kgwele. Ke akanya gore ke taa nna ke tshameka go ya go ileng."

## Tiro ya bobedi kwa Canada
Le fa kwa Amerika go ne go sena setlhopha se se ka hirang Filchock, ne go na le dikeletso kwa Canada. Hamilton Tigers le Ottawa Rough Riders ba Interprovincial Rugby Football Union (or *Big Four*) ba dira ditsholofetso. Filchock o ne a dumalana le Tigers, mme ka Phatwe a le lesome le boraro, 1947 a ya kwa setlhopheng seo e le motshameki wa mokatisi. Mabarebare a ne a baa dituelo tsa gagwe kwa go $7,000 mo setlheng seo.

Mme fela go ne ga nna le mathata. Le fa ditlhopha tsa kgwele ya Canada e ne e santse e le bosetlaboseng (amateur), e ne e le sephiri se se itsiweng gore ditlhopha tsotlhe tsa di liki tse pedi tsa Canada tsa nako yeo-Big Four le Western Interprovincial Rugby Union (WIFU) ba ne ba duela batshameki ba bone. Lew Hayman, yo mo nakong eo a neng a aga setlhopha sa Montreal sa Alouettes, mme a ne a na le seabe mo kgweleng ya eastern Canada dingwaga tse dintsi, ka 1946 o ne a re:Mo malatsing pele ga ntwa, batshameki ba ne ba duelwa mo lefifing. Bangwe ba batshameki ba Canada ne ba tsaa madi fa ba bangwe ne ba sa a tsee, fela botlhe ba ne ba amogela dimpho. Ba ba neng ba rekiwa go tswa Amerika ba ne ba duelwa ka madi-selekanyo sa fa gare ga $1,000 le $1,200 setlha se le sengwe. Gompieno o tshwanetse wa ba duela botlhe, ba mo gae le batswakwa, ebile o tshwanetse go ba duela madi a a fetang a ba neng ba a duelwa pele ga ntwa, gane.Mongwe le mongwe o ne a itse se, mme go ne go sena yo o batlang go se dumela phatlalatsa. Mo motshameking wa tlhwatlhwa jaaka Frank Filchock go tshameka mo Big Four, diketso tsotlhe ne di tshwanetse go latlhiwa. Ga se botlhe ba ba neng ba batla go dira jalo. Ka bonako fela fa Filchock a sena go baa monwana, Canadian Rugby Union, lekgotla la maphata otlhe a maemo a kgwele kwa Dominion, ba gana ikopelo ya gagwe ya setlankana sa batshameki go sena kakgelo, mme IRFU ya tlhopha 3-1 gore a seka a tshamekela Hamilton. Filchock o ne jaanong a kganelwa go tshameka ke liki ya kgwele nngwe le nngwe kwa Amerika le kwa Canada. Le fa go le jalo, Tigers e ne e dumela gore: Filchock o tsile go tshameka.

Frank o tshamekile metshameko e le mebedi ya ditshupo le e le mene ya liki, yotlhe e le ditatlhegelo, pele ga Big Four e tlhopha ka tumalano ya botlhe go mo letelela go tshameka. Tigers e ne ya fetsa setlha sa 1947 ka 2-9-1.

Filchock o ne a boela kwa Tigers ka 1948, mme mo nakong eo setlhopha se ne sa tswa mo IRFU. Ponalo ya ga Filchock mo metshamekong ya Big Four e ne e okeditse tatedi ya setlhopha sengwe le sengwe, mme ka go tlhoka thulaganyo ya go kgaogana madi a go tsena, Tigers e ne ya kgona go bona fela dikatso tsa ditilo tse 12,000 tsa lebala la bone. Go tsweng foo dituelo tsa ga Filchock-go sena pelaelo gore e ne e le tse di fetang tsotlhe mo liking-Tigers e ne e dumela gore e tshwanetse go fiwa dikatso gotswa mo koketsegong ya balatedi kwa mabaleng a mangwe. Ditlhopha tse dingwe tse tharo di ne di sa bone kgang e jalo, mme Tigers ya ikgogela morago mo liking eo.

Hamilton Wildcats, e e neng e tshameka kgwele e e kwa godimo mo Ontario Rugby Football Union go tswa ka 1943, ba ne ba kopa go tsenngwa mo phatheng ya bone ka bonako. Ba ne ba amogelwa mme Tigers, setlhopha se se tswang kwa go 1869 ebile ele sengwe sa tse di simolodisitse Big Four ka 1907, ba ne ba patelesega go tshameka mo ORFU. Ka 1950 Tigers le Wildcats di ne tsa kopana ba bitswa Hamilton Tigers-Cats ya Big Four. Ka 1948 Filchock o ne a nna MVP wa ORFU.

Filchock o ne a tlogela Tigers mme a boela kwa Big Four ka 1949, le Montreal Alouettes ya ga Lew Hayman, ka dituelo tse di neng go buiwa gore di kwa go $20,000 mo dingwageng tse pedi. Go amogela ga gagwe go le gaufi thata le ka fa a neng a amogela ka teng kwa New York Giants. Alouettes e ne ya dira 8-4 mo setlheng sa tlwaelo sa Big Four, ba ne ba fenya bommampodi ba ORFU Hamilton Tigers 40-0 go fenya bosimega jwa Eastern Canadian. Mo Grey Cup ba ne ba kopana le bommampodi ba Western, Calgary Stampeders. Stampeders e ne e na le rekote ya 28-2-1 mo ditlheng tse pedi tsa bofelo, go balelwa le phenyo ya 1948 Grey Cup kgatlhanong le Ottawa. Mo motshamekong o o, Filchock o ne a feleletsa ditlhago tse lesome le motso mo go tse lesome le boferabongwe tse a neng a di lekile mo dikgatong tse 204, touchdown e le nngwe le kgoreletso e le nngwe. O ne gape a kgoreletsa ditlhago tse tharo tsa Calgary. Alouettes e ne ya fenya motshameko o o ka 28-15.

## Puseletso
Ka tsholofelo ya go feleletsa tsheegelo fa thoko ya gagwe ya NFL, ka Phukwi wa 1950 Filchock a iponatsa fa pele ga Molaodi Bert Bell. O ne a patilwe ke tautona wa Alouettes Leo Dandurand, bobedi jo bo ne jwa isa makwalo a bopaki gotswa kwa borre ba kgwebo, baruti le batshameki ba paka maitsholo a gagwe. Ratoropo wa New York Bill O'Dwyer le mothusa moatlhodi wa kgaolo George Monaghan ba ne ba rotloetsa gore Bell a tlose tsheegelo fa thoko ya ga Filchock.

Bell a dumalana go busetsa Filchock. Mo pegong ya gagwe a bua fa Filchock"mo dinakong tshotlhe a itshwere ka maitshwaro a a supang selekanyo sa boleng jo bo kwa godimo mo tshamekong... [gape]  a dirile go le gontsi go bapatsa le go godisa metshameko e e phepa kwa Canada."

Jack Mara wa Giants (setlhopha sa pele sa ga Filchock) a bega gore o ne a "itumeletse go utwa fa Frank a buseleditswe... [mme] ga re na lenaneo la go mo solofetsa sepe ka re beile mo bananeng." Filchock o ne a le dingwaga tse masome a mararo le boraro ka nako eo.

Filchock o ne a boela kwa Montreal abo a tshameka setlha sotlhe sa 1950 koo. Alouettes e na ya fetsa kwa ntle ga metshameko ya gotswa mang go tsena mang mme o ne a baya monwana wa gagwe kwa Baltimore Colts, ba setlha sa bone sa NFL se neng se ise se fele. Colts e ne ya phutlhama morago ga setlha seo, mme Filchock a seka a tlhola a tshameka kgwele epe mo NFL.

## Dingwaga tsa bofelo mo kgweleng
Ka 1951, Filchock o ne a tshamekela Edmonton Eskimos ya WIFU, mme dipalo-palo tsa Canada tsa kgobokanngwa e le lantlha. Kgobokanyo ya dipalopalo ya semmuso e simologile kwa Western Canada ka 1951, mme e ne e se go fitlha ka 1954 pele ga e simologa kwa East. O ne a diriwa motshamiki wa mokatisi Eskimos ka 1952 mme a ba etelela go nna ditshimega tsa WIFU. O ne a bidiwa kwa setlhopheng sa bobedi sa Western all-stars mo ngwageng oo. Eskimos e ne ya mo koba fa ba sena goo latlhegelwa ke 1952 Grey Cup, go buiwa gore o ne a batla madi a mantsi.

## Tiro ya gagwe ya bokatisi jwa kgwele
Ka 1953 Filchock o ne a fudugela kwa Saskatchewan Roughriders, kwa a neng e le quarterback gape e le mokatisi mogolo. O tlogetse tiro e le motshameki morago ga setlha seo, mme a tswelela go katisa kwa Regina ka 1957, a kgobokanya rekote ya setlha sa tlwaelo ya 41-35-4 le setlhopha mme ga ise a fitlhelele kwa Grey Cup.

Ka 1958, o nne a nna mokatisi mogolo wa Sarnia Golden Bears ya ORFU. Setlhopha seo se ne se na le batswaka ba ba neng ba siame thata ba akaretsa quarterback le moragi Gino Cappelletti. Se ne sa fenngwa gangwe fela mo metshamekong e e lesome, ka ntlha e le nngwe. Diphenyo tse pedi tsa gotswa mang go tsena mang di ne tsa fa Filchock bosimega jwa gagwe mo liking e le mokatisi. Le fa go ntse jalo, ORFU e ne e sa tlhole e tsewa jaaka liki a kgolwane. Ditlhopha tsa bo setabosheng di ne di tswaleletswe kwa ntle ga Grey Cup mo setlheng seo fa go tlhamiwa Canadian Football League, le fa ORFU e ne e sale e ikgogetse morago mo kgaisanyong ya Grey Cup dingwaga tse nne tse di neng di fitile.

Ka 1959 Filchock o ne a dira e le mokatisi wa backfield kwa Calgary Stampeders ya CFL.  O ne a bidiwa e le mokatisi wa Denver Broncos wa ntlha mo American Football League e ntsha ka Firikgong a rogwa, 1960. Ka Sedimonthole, 1961, o ne a kobiwa morago ga ditlha tse pedi tse di neng di sa itumedise. Rekote ya gagwe ya bofelo le Broncos e ne e le 7-20-1.

Ka 1964 Filchock e ne e le mokatisi wa lemorago kwa Quebec Rifles ya United Football League. E ne ele ngwaga wa gagwe wa bofelo mo kgweleng. Tsotlhe ha di buiwa, o ne a tshamekile kana a katisitse kgwele mo ditoropong tse lesome le bobedi, diliki tse thataro (o ne a fositse AAFC ka go tshameka kwa Baltimore ka ngwaga wa kopano) le mafatshe a le mabedi. O ne gape e le naledi kwa kgweleng ya seAmerika ya sekolo se segolwane, ya mmadikole le ya sesole, gape a tshamekile baseball kwa liking e nnye (minor league baseball) le ditlhopha tse tharo. Rekote ya gagwe ya liki e kgolwane yotlhe-yotlhe ele mokatisi e ne e le 67-65-7.

## Metswedi