การหัวเราะ

right|thumb|250px|ภาพเด็กน้อยขณะที่กำลังหัวเราะ

**การหัวเราะ** เป็นการแสดงออกของมนุษย์ที่มีภาวะอารมณ์ขัน หัวเราะเป็นปฏิกิริยาต่อเรื่องขำขัน สิ่งที่น่าขัน โดยแสดงออกเป็นการเปล่งเสียงพร้อมกับยิ้ม การหัวเราะโดยผิดธรรมชาติ อาจเกิดได้เช่น การได้รับก๊าซหัวเราะ เป็นต้น

## หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม
* Bachorowski, J.-A., Smoski, M.J., & Owren, M.J. *The acoustic features of human laughter.* Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110 (1581) 2001
* 
* Chapman, Antony J.; Foot, Hugh C.; Derks, Peter (editors), ''Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications'', Transaction Publishers, 1996. . Books.google.com
* Cousins, Norman, *Anatomy of an Illness As Perceived by the Patient*, 1979.
* 
* Fried, I., Wilson, C.L., MacDonald, K.A., and Behnke EJ. *Electric current stimulates laughter.* Nature, 391:650, 1998 (see patient AK)
* Goel, V. & Dolan, R. J. *The functional anatomy of humor: segregating cognitive and affective components.* Nature Neuroscience 3, 237 - 238 (2001).
* Greig, John Young Thomson, *The Psychology of Comedy and Laughter*, New York, Dodd, Mead and company, 1923.
* 
* Knight, Chris, Does laughter hold the key to human consciousness? – Chris Knight | Aeon Essays "Does laughter hold the key to human consciousness?" *Aeon Magazine* February 2019.
* Marteinson, Peter, *[http://french.chass.utoronto.ca/as-sa/editors/origins.html On the Problem of the Comic: A Philosophical Study on the Origins of Laughter] *, Legas Press, Ottawa, 2006. utoronto.ca
* 
* Provine, R. R., "Laughter". *American Scientist*, V84, 38:45, 1996. ucla.edu
*
* included in book: 
* Raskin, Victor, *Semantic Mechanisms of Humor* (1985).
* MacDonald, C., "A Chuckle a Day Keeps the Doctor Away: Therapeutic Humor & Laughter" *Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services* (2004) V42, 3:18-25. psychnurse.org
* Kawakami, K., et al., "Origins of smile and laughter: A preliminary study" *Early Human Development* (2006) 82, 61–66. kyoto-u.ac.jp
* Johnson, S., ''Emotions and the Brain'' Discover (2003) V24, N4. discover.com
* Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J.,"'Laughing' rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?" *Physiology & Behavior* (2003) 79:533-547. psych.umn.edu
* Milius, S., "Don't look now, but is that dog laughing?" *Science News* (2001) V160 4:55. sciencenews.org
* Simonet, P., et al., ''Dog Laughter: Recorded playback reduces stress related behavior in shelter dogs'' 7th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (2005). petalk.org
* Discover Health (2004) ''Humor & Laughter: Health Benefits and Online Sources'', helpguide.org
* Klein, A. *The Courage to Laugh: Humor, Hope and Healing in the Face of Death and Dying.* Los Angeles, CA: Tarcher/Putman, 1998.
*Ron Jenkins *Subversive laughter* (New York, Free Press, 1994), 13ff
*Bogard, M. *Laughter and its Effects on Groups*. New York, New York: Bullish Press, 2008.
*Humor Theory. The formulae of laughter by Igor Krichtafovitch, Outskitspress, 2006, 
* Hans-Georg Moeller und Günter Wohlfart (Hrsg.): *Laughter in Eastern and Western Philosophies*. Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / München 2010. 

## แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น

* The Origins of Laughter , chass.utoronto.ca
* Human laughter up to 16 million years old , cosmosmagazine.com
* More information about Gelotology from the University of Washington, faculty.Washington.edu
* WNYC's Radio Lab radio show: Is Laughter just a Human Thing?, wnyc.org
* Transcriptions of laughter, writtensound.com

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