ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ

**ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ**ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥖᥢ ᥟᥢ ᥟᥛᥱ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥙᥣᥒᥱ ᥘᥣᥭᥱ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥫᥒ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥤᥖᥱ ᥓᥙᥴ ᥐᥢ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥖᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥢ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥝᥦᥖᥳ ᥢᥣᥛᥰ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ။ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥘᥦᥢ ᥘᥤᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ 91329 ᥘᥐᥴ ᥘᥩᥐᥱ ᥙᥢᥱ ᥛᥨᥢᥰ (236800 ᥐᥤᥱ ᥘᥨᥝᥱ ᥛᥤᥱ ᥗᥫᥱ) ᥔᥥᥴ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥢᥲ ᥛᥣᥭᥴ ᥙᥤ 2007 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ 6521998 ᥐᥨᥝᥳ။ ᥑᥣᥲ၊ᥑᥣ ᥛᥣᥱ၊ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ၊ᥑᥣ ᥛᥧᥐᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥔᥦᥢᥴ ᥘᥫᥒ (100,000)၊ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥗᥦᥒᥲ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥐᥣᥳ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥝᥦᥖᥳ ᥢᥛᥳ (ᥝᥦᥖᥳ ᥢᥣᥛᥰ)ᥘᥦᥲ ᥑᥥᥱ ᥟᥤᥖᥱ ᥟᥩᥖᥴ။ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥛᥫ ᥟᥩᥢ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥙᥩᥐᥴ (Pygmies)၊ ᥛᥧᥢ ᥐᥨᥝᥱ ᥘᥨᥝᥱ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥘᥧᥝᥱ ᥙᥣᥭᥳ (Mongolo Europoids)၊ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥗᥫᥢᥱ ᥘᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥙᥨᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥢᥱ (Papuans) ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥛᥫ BC 2000 - 500 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥰ ᥡᥦᥢᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥝᥭᥳ။ ᥚᥧᥱ ᥓᥩᥭ (Phu Djoi)ᥟᥢ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥛᥨᥝᥲ ᥞᥤᥢᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥐᥥᥒᥰ ᥑᥣᥒᥴ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥞᥣᥢᥳ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥛᥫ ᥙᥣᥢ AD ᥖᥥᥱ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥰ ᥡᥦᥢᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥟᥥᥢ ᥞᥦᥒᥰ ᥕᥬᥱ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥖᥥᥳ။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥕᥤᥙᥴ ᥘᥥᥐᥴ ᥕᥤᥙᥱ ᥖᥩᥒᥰ ᥑᥦᥐᥱ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥛᥨᥝᥲ ᥞᥤᥢᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ။ ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥛᥧᥢᥱ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥛᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥙᥣᥭ ᥘᥨᥒᥰ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥗᥦᥢᥲ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥛᥫ (8-9)ᥙᥣᥐᥱ ᥙᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥚᥦᥝᥴ ᥚᥣᥒᥱ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥛᥥ ᥑᥩᥒᥴ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ 

ᥓᥪ ᥟᥢ ᥝᥣ “ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ”ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥧᥐ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥓᥪ ᥔᥢᥴ ᥘᥩᥭ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥟᥣᥭᥲ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥡᥣᥛᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥐᥥ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥛᥥ ᥑᥩᥒᥴ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ (ᥛᥤᥰ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥠᥣᥢᥱ)ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥢᥣᥢᥱ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥖᥨᥐᥱ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥝᥣ၊ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥣᥭᥲ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥝᥣ ᥜᥤᥒᥲ ᥗᥧᥒᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥘᥩᥭ ᥟᥣᥭᥲ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥡᥛᥱ (Ai Lao Shan) ᥘᥢᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥭᥴ။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥙᥪᥢᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥛᥫ AD 1876 ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥓᥣᥒᥳ ᥐᥥᥙᥱ ᥔᥥᥢᥲ ᥔᥣᥭᥴ ᥛᥣᥭᥴ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥖᥪᥐ ᥝᥣ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥙᥣᥢ ᥙᥦᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥜᥤᥒᥲ ᥗᥧᥒᥰ ᥕᥨᥝᥰᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ၊ ᥙᥦᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥣᥳ ᥙᥦᥖ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥞᥣᥭᥴ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥙᥧᥐ ᥗᥣᥳ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥚᥤᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥛᥱ ᥕᥛ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥖᥤ ᥞᥫᥢᥰ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥚᥤᥴ ᥞᥫᥢᥰ။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥖᥥᥴ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥞᥭ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥘᥣᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥟᥝ ᥐᥭᥱ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥖᥣᥒᥱ ᥚᥤᥴ ᥘᥤᥢ။ ᥛᥫ ᥙᥭᥱ ᥐᥫᥰ ᥙᥧᥐ ᥗᥣᥳ ᥓᥝᥲ (ᥛᥫ ᥓᥝᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ 13-ᥙᥣᥐᥱ ᥙᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ) ᥘᥢᥳ ᥞᥬᥲ ᥜᥣᥳ ᥚᥨᥢᥴ ᥘᥤ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥠᥣ ᥝᥣᥳ (Cha Va)) ᥘᥢᥳ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥑᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥚᥨᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥚᥨᥢᥴ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥟᥝ ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥕᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥘᥫᥒ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥚᥧᥱ ᥓᥣᥭᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥘᥫᥒ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥟᥩᥭᥱ ᥚᥤᥴ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥛᥥ ᥑᥩᥒᥴ။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥐᥭᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥰ ᥚᥤᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥗᥣᥛᥴ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥰ ᥘᥧᥰ ᥐᥩᥢᥱ။ ᥜᥤᥒᥲ ᥗᥧᥒᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥥᥝ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥒᥣᥭᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥐᥨᥭᥰ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥐᥝᥱ။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥙᥤ ᥛᥬᥱ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥑᥤᥱ ᥓᥣᥒᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥥᥙ ᥖᥨᥭᥰ ᥛᥣᥢᥲ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ။ ᥐᥤᥢ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥔᥦᥖ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥐᥢ ᥙᥤ ᥙᥩᥐ ᥙᥩᥐ။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥓᥨᥝᥰ ᥐᥢ ᥙᥩᥭᥱ ᥙᥣ၊ ᥞᥩᥭᥴ၊ ᥘᥨᥐ၊ ᥐᥣ ᥐᥥ။ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥐᥩᥒᥰ ᥛᥧᥰ ᥔᥣᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥟᥝ ᥒᥪᥢᥰ၊ ᥟᥦᥙᥱ ᥓᥛᥰ ᥙᥐᥱ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥧᥱ။ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥞᥣᥒᥲ ᥘᥣᥐ ᥐᥣᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥔᥩᥢᥰ ᥘᥛᥳ။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥙᥤ ᥛᥬᥱ ᥘᥫᥢ ᥞᥣᥲ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥔᥩᥢᥰ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥐᥢ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥐᥢᥱ ᥖᥨᥝᥰ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥟᥝ ᥛᥭᥴ ᥛᥖ ᥛᥪᥰ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ။ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥑᥝᥲ (Pun Khun Khao)ᥐᥩᥲ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ။ ᥙᥩᥒᥱ ᥝᥣ ᥔᥧᥰ ᥖᥫᥒᥱ ᥙᥢ ᥜᥤᥴ ᥙᥬᥱ ᥑᥝᥲ။ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥔᥛᥳ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥙᥧᥐᥱ ᥔᥩᥛᥲ (Nang Phosop)။ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥔᥛᥳ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥓᥭᥳ ᥑᥭᥳ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥣᥭᥰ ᥓᥭᥳ ᥑᥭᥳ (ᥛᥣᥒ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥝᥣ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥓᥭᥱ ᥑᥭᥱ ᥘᥣᥭᥰ ᥓᥭᥱ ᥑᥭᥱ)။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥖᥣᥒᥱ ᥜᥤᥴ ᥙᥬᥳ ᥘᥤᥢ ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥖᥨᥝ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥘᥤ (Thorani)ᥐᥩᥲ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥙᥣᥖᥱ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥣᥝᥱ ᥔᥣᥝᥴ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥐᥝᥰ ᥐᥢ။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥙᥨᥝᥳ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥖᥨᥝᥳ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥫᥐᥱ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥞᥫᥢᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥘᥭᥴᥴ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥘᥣᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥖᥥᥒᥱ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥫᥐᥱ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥐᥣ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥙᥥᥳ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥫᥰ ᥔᥬᥱ ᥕᥩᥒ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥟᥩᥢ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥙᥫᥢ ᥔᥧᥖᥴ။ ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥖᥨᥝᥳ ᥓᥩᥭ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥖᥨᥝᥳ ᥛᥫᥰ ᥔᥨᥒᥱ ᥗᥦᥛᥴ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥙᥩᥒᥱ ᥝᥣ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥚᥢᥴ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥗᥣᥲ ᥟᥩᥢ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥝᥨᥭᥱ ᥔᥢᥱ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥘᥣᥱ (Pun Pha Vet))ᥐᥩᥲ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥕᥤᥒᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥗᥣᥲ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥔᥧᥛᥳ ᥚᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥨᥢ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥞᥨᥝᥰ ᥖᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥰ။ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥫᥢ ᥛᥥᥱ (May)ᥑᥝᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥘᥧᥱ ᥜᥭᥰ (Pun Pang Fai)။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥘᥫᥢ ᥞᥨᥐᥱ ᥛᥨᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥐᥫᥖᥱ ᥚᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥰ။ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥐᥢ ᥖᥒᥰ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥔᥩᥢᥰ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥛᥧᥢ။ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥩᥭᥰ ᥘᥧᥱ ᥜᥭᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥝᥱ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥞᥭᥱ ᥐᥩᥒ ᥞᥭᥱ ᥛᥩᥒᥰ ᥐᥤᥢ ᥘᥝᥲ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥓᥨᥝᥱ ᥛᥨᥢ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥐᥢ။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥩᥭᥱ ᥘᥧ ᥜᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥕᥣᥳ ᥛᥩᥐᥱ ᥐᥧᥛ ᥞᥬᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥚᥨᥢᥴ ᥖᥨᥐᥱ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥛᥱ ᥕᥛ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥖᥣᥭ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥚᥝᥴ ᥟᥝ။ ᥘᥩᥒ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥗᥧᥒᥰ ᥞᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥧᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥛᥫ 14-ᥙᥣᥐᥱ ᥙᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥔᥩᥒᥴ ᥚᥣᥐᥱ ᥚᥒᥱ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥛᥥ ᥑᥩᥒᥴ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥚᥣ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥰ၊ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥐᥥᥒᥰ ᥑᥩᥢᥲ။ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥪᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥒᥴ (ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ)၊ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥒᥴ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥖᥤ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥑᥣᥰ (Wien Phu Kha) ᥛᥤᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥕᥨᥢᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥖᥤ ᥑᥣᥰ ᥘᥛᥴ ᥛᥦᥖ (Kha Lemet))ᥔᥛᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ။ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥖᥦᥒ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥚᥣᥢᥰ (Hua Phan) ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥛᥴ၊ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥛᥩᥭᥲ (Mouai)၊ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥐᥢ။ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥚᥣᥢᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥕᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥥᥝ ᥟᥢ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥑᥣ ᥚᥩᥒᥰ (Pu Kha Phong) ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥓᥩᥭ ᥟᥢ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥛᥨᥝᥲ ᥞᥤᥢᥴ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥐᥫᥖᥱ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥐᥛᥳ ᥚᥩᥒ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥝᥣ ᥚᥧᥱ ᥖᥧᥒᥰ (Phu Thung)။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥘᥩᥭ ᥔᥧᥒᥴ။ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥫᥐᥴ ᥟᥝ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥚᥧᥱ ᥖᥧᥒᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥘᥭᥴ။ 

ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥟᥢ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥘᥛᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥙᥫᥢ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥓᥢᥱ ᥖᥣᥱ (Chan Dar)ᥘᥭᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥛ၊ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥦᥒ၊ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥖᥭᥰ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥛᥩᥢᥰ၊ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥑᥩᥢᥲ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥟᥥᥱ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥔᥩᥒᥴ ᥘᥛ ᥟᥢ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥛ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥐᥝᥱ။ ᥙᥥᥢᥴ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥕᥩᥙᥱ ᥖᥥᥐᥱ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥖᥦᥒ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥜᥣ ᥘᥣᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥣᥛᥲ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥟᥧᥙᥳ ᥙᥫᥒᥱ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥫ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥤ 19 ᥘᥫᥢ ᥓᥧᥱ ᥘᥣᥭᥱ 1949 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥘᥦᥝᥰ ᥐᥩᥢᥰ ᥑᥨᥝᥴ။ 

ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥙᥣᥐᥱ 8 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥘᥧᥱ ᥚᥨᥒᥰ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥖᥪᥐᥱ ᥙᥥᥳ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥑᥣᥲ (Khas) ᥟᥢ ᥖᥪᥢᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥚᥣ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥟᥝ ᥘᥧᥐ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥔᥝ (Sawa)ᥔᥪᥙᥱ ᥚᥩᥒᥰ ᥒᥛᥰ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥞᥣᥢᥳ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥕᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥥᥝ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥔᥣᥭᥴ ᥔᥪᥙᥱ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥚᥩᥒᥰ ᥒᥛᥰ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥓᥝᥲ (Nan Chao) ᥙᥒᥰ ᥘᥧᥳ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥙᥣᥭ ᥚᥣᥖᥱ ᥔᥧᥖ ᥘᥨᥒᥰ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥖᥬᥲ (ᥓᥣᥢᥰ) ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥝᥤᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥱ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥓᥧᥛᥰ ᥖᥥᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥓᥧᥛᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥜᥣᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥱ (ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥚᥣ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥰ)၊ ᥐᥥᥒᥰ ᥑᥣᥒᥴ၊ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ၊ ᥠᥛᥴ ᥙᥣᥱ ᥔᥐᥴ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥛᥫ ᥖᥥᥱ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥚᥬᥴ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥚᥩᥒᥰ ᥒᥛᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥐᥣᥙ ᥙᥣᥢ ᥙᥦᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ (ᥜᥣ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ)ᥕᥝᥳ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥞᥨᥛ ᥖᥧᥛ ᥐᥢ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥝᥣ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥣᥭᥲ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥝᥣ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥐᥝᥱ။ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥝᥣ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥙᥣᥢ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖᥳ၊ ᥙᥦᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥓᥧᥛᥰ ᥘᥬ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ “ᥖᥭᥰ ” ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥔᥧᥐ ᥕᥧᥒᥲ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥞᥬᥲ ᥓᥦᥐᥱ ᥞᥧᥳ ᥒᥣᥭ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ (Lao)၊ ᥡᥦᥛᥰ (Shan=ရှမ်း)၊ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥔᥣ ᥕᥣᥛᥴ (Siam) ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥙᥦᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥩᥐᥱ ᥓᥤᥛ ᥙᥢ ᥞᥬᥲ ᥖᥦᥐᥱ ᥕᥣᥭ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥡᥣᥢᥰ (Shan)၊ ᥖᥭᥰ၊ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ၊ᥔᥣ ᥕᥣᥛᥴ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥙᥫᥒ ᥙᥦᥐᥱ ᥐᥢ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥘᥣᥭᥴ ᥕᥫᥒ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥐᥢ ᥖᥪᥢᥰ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥘᥥᥝ ᥐᥢ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ။ 

ᥖᥥᥱ ᥟᥝ ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥙᥣᥐᥱ 14 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥐᥩᥢᥰ ᥟᥧᥙᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥙᥤ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥙᥣᥐᥱ 18 ᥘᥭᥴ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥖᥦᥐᥱ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥛᥴ ᥚᥣᥐᥱ။ ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ 1893 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥟᥝ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥚᥣ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥙᥣᥒᥰ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥓᥢ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥠᥛᥴ ᥙᥣ ᥔᥐᥳ ᥞᥨᥛ ᥞᥩᥛᥰ ᥐᥢ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥚᥩᥒᥰ ᥒᥛᥰ ᥚᥧᥱ ᥑᥣᥐ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥜᥣ ᥘᥣᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥑᥝᥴ French protectorate ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥧᥐ ᥘᥫᥒ။ ᥛᥫ ᥔᥫᥐᥱ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥙᥩᥐ ᥔᥩᥒᥴ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥔᥤᥛᥰ ᥟᥝ ᥔᥥᥴ 1945 ᥘᥭᥲ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥘᥦᥝᥰ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥑᥨᥝᥴ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ ᥐᥣᥲ ᥜᥣ ᥘᥣᥒᥱ ᥔᥥᥖ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥔᥤᥛᥰ ᥟᥝ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥫ 1949 ᥘᥢᥳ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥔᥧᥢᥱ ᥟᥧᥙᥳ ᥙᥫᥒᥱ ᥞᥣᥒᥰ ᥑᥨᥝᥴ။ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ 1954 ᥓᥒᥱ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥛᥪᥰ Sisavang Vong ᥟᥢ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥔᥣᥭᥴ ᥔᥪᥙᥱ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥙᥩᥒ ᥓᥪᥒ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥘᥦᥝᥰ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥑᥨᥝᥴ ᥐᥣᥱ။ ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥘᥦᥝᥰ ᥔᥝᥰ ᥑᥩ6ᥴ ᥕᥝᥳ ᥕᥥᥢᥰ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥔᥪᥐᥱ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ 1975 ᥙᥣᥢ ᥟᥢ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥟᥧᥙᥳ ᥙᥫᥒᥱ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥔᥧᥖᥴ ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥑᥩᥛᥱ ᥛᥤᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥖᥳ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥟᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥱ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ 

ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥖᥪᥰ ᥐᥛ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥣᥱ ᥖᥤᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥘᥥᥝ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥝᥣᥱ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥔᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥦᥱ ᥘᥤᥖᥳ၊ ᥒᥝᥲ ᥓᥪᥒ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥓᥢ ᥕᥝᥳ။
Vientiane-Wat Xieng Ngeun-12-gje.jpg
Vientiane-Wat Hay Sok-10-innen-gje.jpg
Luang Prabang-Wat Visounarath-14-That Mak Mo-gje.jpg
Luang Prabang-Wat Xieng Thong-34-Sim-Suedseite-gje.jpg
Luang Prabang-Wat That Luang-01c-Moenche-gje.jpg
Luang Prabang-Phou Si-16-Sonnenuntergang-gje.jpg
Muang Sing-Akha-Dorf A-32-Haus-gje.jpg
Laos-Reis-18-Pflanzer-gje.jpg
Nam ou 1.jpg


## ᥙᥫᥒ ᥟᥤᥒ

[[ᥙᥫᥒ ᥗᥣᥢ:ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥟᥥᥰ ᥔᥦᥰ ᥓᥥᥒᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ|ᥘᥣᥝᥰ]