கணிதக் குறியீடுகள்

கணித தகவல்களை வெளிப்படுத்த **கணிதக் குறியீடுகள்** பயன்படுகின்றன.  எழுத்துக்கள் எப்படி மொழியூடாக தகவல்களை வெளிப்படுத்த அவசியமோ அதேபோல் குறியீடுகள் கணிதத்தினூடாக தகவல்களை வெளிப்படுத்த அவசியம்.  ஒரு மொழியை அறிய, பயன்படுத்த எப்படி அதன் எழுத்துக்களை அறிவது அவசியமோ அதேபோல் கணிதத்தை அறிய, பயன்படுத்த கணிதக் குறியீடுகளை அறிவது அவசியம்.  எண்கள், செயற்பாட்டுக் குறியீடுகள், கருத்துருக் குறியீடுகள், சமன்பாடுகள் என பலநிலையிலான குறியீடுகள் கணிதத்தில் உண்டு.

## அடிப்படை கணிதக் குறியீடுகள் அட்டவணை

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |குறியீடு
! style="text-align:left;" |பெயர்
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |விளக்கம்
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |எடுத்துக்காட்டு
|-
! பலுக்கும் முறை
|-
! style="text-align:right;" |பகுப்பு

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|=
||சமம்
| rowspan=3|காட்டாக 2 + 3 = 5 என்பது ஒரு சமன்பாடு. இதனை 2 கூட்டல் 3 **ஈடு** 5 என்று படிக்கலாம், அல்லது 2 கூட்டல் 3 **சமம்** 5 என்று படிக்கலாம். அதே போல 2 + 4 = 3 x 2 என்பதும் ஒரு சமன்பாடு.
| rowspan=3|1&nbsp;+ 1&nbsp;= 2
|-
|align=center|சமமாக, ஈடாக
|-
|align=right|எங்கும்

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|≠!=
||சமனிலி
| rowspan=3| *x*&nbsp;≠ *y* என்பது *x* ம் *y* யும் ஒன்றல்ல, ஒரே மதிப்பைக் கொள்ளவில்லை.  .(*குறியீடுகள்* != *ம்*  * கணினியியலில் பயன்படுகிறது.)
| rowspan=3|1 ≠ 2
|-
|align=center|சமமில்லை
|-
|align=right valign=center|

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><<br /><br />><br /><br />≪<br /><br />≫</div>
||[[inequality|strict inequality]]
| rowspan=3|*x*&nbsp;< *y* என்பது *x* ஐவிடச் சிறியது *y*.<br /><br /> *x*&nbsp;> *y* என்பது *x* *y*யிலும் பெரியது. <br /><br /> *x*&nbsp;≪ *y* என்பது *x* *y* ஐவிட மிகச் சிறியது.<br /><br />*x*&nbsp;≫ *y* என்பது *x* *y*ஐவிடப் மிகவும் பெரியது.
| rowspan=3|3&nbsp;< 4 <br /> 5&nbsp;> 4.<br />
0.003&nbsp;≪ 1000000
|-
|align=center|is less than, is greater than, is much less than, is much greater than
|-
|align=right|[[order theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">≤<br /><=<br /><br />≥<br />>=</div>
||[[inequality]]
| rowspan=3|*x*&nbsp;≤ *y* means *x* is less than or equal to *y*.<br /><br />*x*&nbsp;≥ *y* means *x* is greater than or equal to *y*.<br /><br />(*The symbols* <= *and* >= *are primarily from computer science. They are avoided in mathematical texts.*)
| rowspan=3|3&nbsp;≤&nbsp;4 and 5&nbsp;≤&nbsp;5<br /> 5&nbsp;≥&nbsp;4 and 5&nbsp;≥&nbsp;5
|-
|align=center|is less than or equal to, is greater than or equal to
|-
|align=right|[[order theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∝</div>
||[[proportionality (mathematics)|proportionality]]
| rowspan=3| *y* ∝ *x* means that *y* = *kx* for some constant *k*.
| rowspan=3|if *y* = 2*x*, then *y* ∝ *x*
|-
|align=center|is proportional to; varies as
|-
|align=right valign=center|everywhere

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">+</div>
|[[கூட்டல்]]
| rowspan=3|4 + 6 means the sum of 4 and 6.
| rowspan=3|2 + 7 = 9
|-
|align=center|[[plus and minus signs|plus]]
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| [[disjoint union]]
| rowspan=3|*A*<sub>1</sub> + *A*<sub>2</sub> means the disjoint union of sets *A*<sub>1</sub> and *A*<sub>2</sub>.
| rowspan=3|*A*<sub>1</sub> = {1, 2, 3, 4} ∧ *A*<sub>2</sub> = {2, 4, 5, 7} ⇒<br /> *A*<sub>1</sub> + *A*<sub>2</sub> = {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (2,2), (4,2), (5,2), (7,2)}
|-
|align=center|the disjoint union of … and …
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=9 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">−</div>
|[[கழித்தல்]]
| rowspan=3|9 − 4 means the subtraction of 4 from 9.
| rowspan=3|8 − 3 = 5
|-
|align=center|[[plus and minus signs|minus]]
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]
|-

|[[எதிர்ம எண்|negative sign]]
| rowspan=3|−3 means the negative of the number 3.
| rowspan=3|−(−5) = 5
|-
|align=center|negative; minus
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]
|-

|[[complement (set theory)|set-theoretic complement]]
| rowspan=3|*A*&nbsp;−&nbsp;*B* means the set that contains all the elements of *A* that are not in *B*.  <br /><br />∖ can also be used for set-theoretic complement as described below.
| rowspan=3|{1,2,4}&nbsp;−&nbsp;{1,3,4}&nbsp;&nbsp;=&nbsp; {2}
|-
|align=center|minus; without
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=9 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">×</div>
|[[பெருக்கல்]]
| rowspan=3|3 × 4 means the multiplication of 3 by 4.
| rowspan=3|7 × 8 = 56
|-
|align=center|times
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
|[[கார்ட்டீசியன் பெருக்கற்பலன்]]
| rowspan=3|*X*×*Y* means the set of all [[வரிசைச் சோடி]] with the first element of each pair selected from X and the second element selected from Y.
| rowspan=3|{1,2} × {3,4} = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4)}
|-
|align=center|the Cartesian product of … and ...; the direct product of … and …
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
|[[குறுக்குப் பெருக்கல் (திசையன்)|குறுக்குப் பெருக்கு]]
| rowspan=3|*'u** × **v** means the cross product of [[திசையன்|vectors]] **u** and **v**
| rowspan=3|(1,2,5) × (3,4,−1) = <br />(−22, 16, − 2)
|-
|align=center|cross
|-
|align=right|[[vector algebra]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">·</div>
|[[பெருக்கல்]]
| rowspan=3|3 · 4 means the multiplication of 3 by 4.
| rowspan=3|7 · 8 = 56
|-
|align=center|times
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
|[[புள்ளிப் பெருக்கல்]]
| rowspan=3|**u** · **v** means the dot product of [[திசையன்|vectors]] **u** and **v**
| rowspan=3|(1,2,5) · (3,4,−1) = 6
|-
|align=center|dot
|-
|align=right|[[vector algebra]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">÷<br /><br /> &frasl;</div>
||[[வகுத்தல் (mathematics)|division]]
| rowspan=3|6 ÷ 3 or 6 &frasl; 3 means the division of 6 by 3.
| rowspan=3|2 ÷ 4 = .5<br /> <br />12 &frasl; 4 = 3
|-
|align=center|divided by
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">±</div>
||[[plus-minus sign|plus-minus]]
| rowspan=3|6 ± 3 means both 6 + 3 and 6 – 3.
| rowspan=3|The equation ''x'' = 5 ± √4, has two solutions, ''x'' = 7 and ''x'' = 3.
|-
|align=center|plus or minus
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]
|-
||[[plus-minus sign|plus-minus]]
| rowspan=3|10 ± 2 or equivalently 10 ± 20%  means the range from 10 − 2 to 10 + 2.
| rowspan=3| If ''a'' = 100 ± 1 [[மில்லிமீட்டர்|mm]], then ''a'' ≥ 99&nbsp;mm and ''a'' ≤ 101&nbsp;mm. <br />
|-
|align=center|plus or minus
|-
|align=right|[[அளவியல்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[plus-minus sign|minus-plus]]
| rowspan=3|6 ± (3  5) means both 6 + (3 – 5) and 6 – (3 + 5).
| rowspan=3|cos(''x'' ± ''y'') = cos(''x'') cos(''y'')  sin(''x'') sin(''y'').
|-
|align=center|minus or plus
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">√</div>
||[[வர்க்கமூலம்]]
| rowspan=3|√''x'' means the positive number whose square is ''x''.
| rowspan=3|√4&nbsp;= 2
|-
|align=center|the principal square root of; square root
|-
|align=right|[[மெய்யெண்]]

|-
||[[வர்க்க மூலம்#Square roots of complex numbers|complex square root]]
| rowspan=3| if ''z'' = ''r'' exp(***i***&phi;) is represented in [[வாள்முனை ஆள்கூற்று முறைமை|polar coordinates]] with -***π*** < &phi; ≤ ***π***, then √''z'' = √''r'' exp(***i***&nbsp;&phi;/2).
| rowspan=3|√(-1)&nbsp;= ***i***
|-
|align=center|the complex square root of&nbsp;…<br /><br /> square root
|-
|align=right|[[சிக்கலெண்]]

|-
| rowspan=9 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">|…|</div>
||[[தனி மதிப்பு]] or [[modulus]]
| rowspan=3| |''x''| means the distance along the [[real line]] (or across the [[complex plane]]) between ''x'' and [[0 (எண்)|zero]].
| rowspan=3| |3|&nbsp;= 3<br /><br /> |–5|&nbsp;= |5|<br /><br /> |&nbsp;***i***&nbsp;| = 1<br /><br /> |&nbsp;3 + 4***i***&nbsp;|&nbsp;= 5
|-
|align=center|absolute value (modulus) of
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s

|-
||[[யூக்ளிடிய தொலைவு]]
| rowspan=3| |**x**&nbsp;–&nbsp;**y**| means the Euclidean distance between **x** and **y**.
| rowspan=3| For **x**&nbsp;= (1,1), and **y**&nbsp;= (4,5), <br /> |**x**&nbsp;–&nbsp;**y**| = √([1–4]<sup>2</sup> + [1–5]<sup>2</sup>)&nbsp;= 5
|-
|align=center|Euclidean distance between; Euclidean norm of
|-
|align=right|[[வடிவவியல்]]

|-
||[[அணிக்கோவை]]
| rowspan=3| |''A''| means the determinant of the matrix **A**
| rowspan=3| <math>\begin{vmatrix}
 1&2 \\
 2&4 \\
\end{vmatrix} = 0</math>
|-
|align=center|determinant of
|-
|align=right|[[அணி (கணிதம்)]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">|</div>
||[[வகுத்தல் (கணிதம்)|divides]]
| rowspan=3| A single vertical bar is used to denote divisibility.<br /> ''a''|''b'' means ''a'' divides ''b''.
| rowspan=3| Since 15 = 3×5, it is true that 3|15 and 5|15.
|-
|align=center|divides
|-
|align=right|[[எண் கோட்பாடு|Number Theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">!</div>
||[[தொடர் பெருக்கம்]]
| rowspan=3|''n''&nbsp;**!** is the product 1 × 2× … × ''n''.
| rowspan=3|4**!** = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24
|-
|align=center|factorial
|-
|align=right|[[சேர்வியல் (கணிதம்)]]
|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">T</div>
||[[transpose]]
| rowspan=3| Swap rows for columns
| rowspan=3| <math>A_{ij} = (A^T)_{ji}</math>
|-
|align=center|transpose
|-
|align=right|[[அணி (கணிதம்)]]s
|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">~</div>
||[[நிகழ்தகவுப் பரவல்]]
| rowspan=3| ''X ~ D'', means the [[சமவாய்ப்பு மாறி]] ''X'' has the probability distribution ''D''.
| rowspan=3|''X ~ N(0,1), the [[இயல்நிலைப் பரவல்]]
|-
|align=center|has distribution
|-
|align=right|[[புள்ளியியல்]]

|-
||[[Elementray matrix transformations|Row equivalence]]
| rowspan=3| ''A''~''B'' means that ''B'' can be generated by using a series of elementary row operations on ''A''
| rowspan=3| <math>\begin{bmatrix}
 1&2 \\
 2&4 \\
\end{bmatrix} \sim \begin{bmatrix}
 1&2 \\
 0&0 \\
\end{bmatrix}</math>
|-
|align=center|is row equivalent to
|-
|align=right|[[அணி (கணிதம்)]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">⇒<br /><br /> →<br /><br /> ⊃</div>
||[[material implication]]
| rowspan=3|''A'' ⇒ ''B'' means if ''A'' is true then ''B'' is also true; if ''A'' is false then nothing is said about ''B''.<br /><br /> → may mean the same as ⇒, or it may have the meaning for [[சார்பு|functions]] given below.<br /><br /> ⊃ may mean the same as ⇒, or it may have the meaning for [[superset]] given below.
| rowspan=3|''x'' = 2&nbsp;&nbsp;⇒&nbsp; ''x''<sup>2</sup> = 4 is true, but ''x''<sup>2</sup> = 4 &nbsp;&nbsp;⇒&nbsp; ''x'' = 2 is in general false (since ''x'' could be −2).
|-
|align=center|implies; if … then
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]], [[Heyting algebra]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">⇔<br /><br /> ↔</div>
||[[material equivalence]]
| rowspan=3|''A''&nbsp;⇔ ''B'' means ''A'' is true if ''B'' is true and ''A'' is false if ''B'' is false.
| rowspan=3|''x''&nbsp;+ 5&nbsp;= ''y''&nbsp;+2&nbsp;&nbsp;⇔&nbsp; ''x''&nbsp;+ 3&nbsp;= ''y''
|-
|align=center|if and only if; [[iff]]
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">¬<br /><br /> ˜</div>
||[[logical negation]]
| rowspan=3|The statement ¬''A'' is true if and only if ''A'' is false.<br /><br /> A slash placed through another operator is the same as "¬" placed in front.<br /><br />(''The symbol'' ~ ''has many other uses, so'' ¬ '' or the slash notation is preferred.'')
| rowspan=3|¬(¬''A'')&nbsp;⇔ ''A'' <br /> ''x''&nbsp;≠&nbsp;''y''&nbsp;&nbsp;⇔&nbsp; ¬(''x''&nbsp;=&nbsp; ''y'')
|-
|align=center|not
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∧</div>
||[[logical conjunction]] or **meet** in a [[lattice (order)|lattice]]
| rowspan=3|The statement ''A'' ∧ ''B'' is true if ''A'' and ''B'' are both true; else it is false. <br /><br />For functions ''A''(x) and ''B''(x), ''A''(x) ∧ ''B''(x) is used to mean min(A(x), B(x)).
| rowspan=3|''n''&nbsp;< 4&nbsp;&nbsp;∧&nbsp; ''n''&nbsp;>2&nbsp;&nbsp;⇔&nbsp; ''n''&nbsp;= 3 when ''n'' is a [[இயல் எண்]].
|-
|align=center|and; min
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]], [[lattice (order)|lattice theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∨</div>
||[[logical disjunction]] or **join** in a [[lattice (order)|lattice]]
| rowspan=3|The statement ''A'' ∨ ''B'' is true if ''A'' or ''B'' (or both) are true; if both are false, the statement is false. <br /><br /> For functions ''A''(x) and ''B''(x), ''A''(x) ∨ ''B''(x) is used to mean max(A(x), B(x)).
| rowspan=3|''n''&nbsp;≥ 4&nbsp;&nbsp;∨&nbsp; ''n''&nbsp;≤ 2&nbsp;&nbsp;⇔ ''n''&nbsp;≠ 3 when ''n'' is a [[இயல் எண்]].
|-
|align=center|or; max
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]], [[lattice (order)|lattice theory]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<br /><div style="font-size:200%;">⊕</div> <br /><br /><div style="font-size:200%;"></div> ||[[exclusive or]]
| rowspan=3| The statement ''A'' ⊕ ''B'' is true when either A or B, but not both, are true. ''A''  ''B'' means the same.
| rowspan=3| (¬''A'') ⊕ ''A'' is always true, ''A'' ⊕ ''A'' is always false.
|-
|align=center|xor
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]], [[Boolean algebra (logic)|Boolean algebra]]
|-
||[[Direct sum of modules|direct sum]]
|rowspan=3|The direct sum is a special way of combining several modules into one general module (the symbol ⊕ is used,  is only for logic).<br /><br />
|rowspan=3|Most commonly, for vector spaces ''U'', ''V'', and ''W'', the following consequence is used:<br /> ''U'' = ''V'' ⊕ ''W'' ⇔ (''U'' = ''V'' + ''W'') ∧ (''V'' ∩ ''W'' = )
|-
|align=center|direct sum of
|-
|align=right|[[Abstract algebra]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">&forall;</div>
||[[universal quantification]]
| rowspan=3|&forall;&nbsp;''x'': ''P''(''x'') means ''P''(''x'') is true for all ''x''.
| rowspan=3|&forall;&nbsp;''n''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;: ''n''<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;≥ ''n''.
|-
|align=center|for all; for any; for each
|-
|align=right|[[predicate logic]]

|-
| rowspan=3  bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">&exist;</div>
||[[existential quantification]]
| rowspan=3|&exist;&nbsp;''x'': ''P''(''x'') means there is at least one ''x'' such that ''P''(''x'') is true.
| rowspan=3|&exist;&nbsp;''n''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;: ''n'' is even.
|-
|align=center|there exists
|-
|align=right|[[predicate logic]]

|-
| rowspan=3  bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">&exist;!</div>
||[[uniqueness quantification]]
| rowspan=3|&exist;!&nbsp;''x'': ''P''(''x'') means there is exactly one ''x'' such that ''P''(''x'') is true.
| rowspan=3|&exist;!&nbsp;''n''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;: ''n''&nbsp;+ 5&nbsp;= 2''n''.
|-
|align=center|there exists exactly one
|-
|align=right|[[predicate logic]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">:=<br /><br />≡<br /><br />:⇔</div>
||[[வரைவிலக்கணம்]]
| rowspan=3|''x''&nbsp;:= ''y'' or ''x''&nbsp;≡ ''y'' means ''x'' is defined to be another name for ''y''<br /><br />(''Some writers use'' ≡ ''to mean [[congruence]]'').<br /><br /> ''P''&nbsp;:⇔ ''Q'' means ''P'' is defined to be logically equivalent to ''Q''.
| rowspan=3|cosh&nbsp;''x''&nbsp;:= (1/2)(exp&nbsp;''x''&nbsp;+  exp&nbsp;(−''x''))<br /><br /> ''A''&nbsp;**xor**&nbsp;''B'' :⇔ (''A''&nbsp;∨&nbsp;''B'')&nbsp;∧&nbsp;¬(''A''&nbsp;∧&nbsp;''B'')
|-
|align=center|is defined as
|-
|align=right|everywhere

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[congruence (geometry)|congruence]]
| rowspan=3|△ABC  △DEF means triangle ABC is congruent to (has the same measurements as) triangle DEF.
| rowspan=3|
|-
|align=center|is congruent to
|-
|align=right|[[வடிவவியல்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">≡</div>
||[[congruence relation]]
| rowspan=3|a ≡ b (mod n) means a − b is divisible by n
| rowspan=3|5 ≡ 11 (mod 3)
|-
|align=center|… is congruent to … modulo …
|-
|align=right|[[சமானம், மாடுலோ n]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">{&nbsp;,&nbsp;}</div>
||[[தொடை]] brackets
| rowspan=3|{''a'',''b'',''c''} means the set consisting of ''a'', ''b'', and ''c''.
| rowspan=3|&nbsp;= {&nbsp;1, 2, 3, …}
|-
|align=center|the set of …
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">{&nbsp;:&nbsp;}<br /><br /> {&nbsp;|&nbsp;}</div>
||[[set builder notation]]
| rowspan=3|{''x''&nbsp;: ''P''(''x'')} means the set of all ''x'' for which ''P''(''x'') is true. {''x''&nbsp;| ''P''(''x'')} is the same as {''x''&nbsp;: ''P''(''x'')}.
| rowspan=3|{''n''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;&nbsp;: ''n''<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;<&nbsp;20}&nbsp;= {&nbsp;1, 2, 3, 4}
|-
|align=center|the set of … such that
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br />{&nbsp;}</div> ||[[சூனியத்தொடை]]
| rowspan=3| means the set with no elements. {&nbsp;} means the same.
| rowspan=3|{''n''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;&nbsp;: 1&nbsp;<&nbsp;''n''<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;<&nbsp;4}&nbsp;= 
|-
|align=center| the empty set
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∈<br /><br /></div>
||set membership
| rowspan=3|''a''&nbsp;∈ ''S'' என்பது ''a'' , ''S''தொடையின் மூலகமாகும் ; ''a''&nbsp; ''S'' என்பது  ''a'' ,''S''தொடையின் மூலகமல்ல என்றும் குறித்து நிற்கும் .
| rowspan=3|(1/2)<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;∈&nbsp;<br /><br /> 2<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|align=center|மூலகம் ; மூலகமன்று
|-
|align=right|everywhere, [[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">⊆<br /><br />⊂</div>
||[[உபதொடை]]
| rowspan=3|(subset) ''A''&nbsp;⊆&nbsp;''B'' means every element of ''A'' is also element of ''B''.<br /><br /> (proper subset) ''A''&nbsp;⊂&nbsp;''B'' means ''A''&nbsp;⊆&nbsp;''B'' but ''A''&nbsp;≠&nbsp;''B''. <br /><br />(''Some writers use the symbol ⊂ as if it were the same as ⊆.'')
| rowspan=3|(''A''&nbsp;∩&nbsp;''B'')&nbsp;⊆&nbsp;''A''<br /><br />&nbsp;⊂&nbsp;<br /><br />&nbsp;⊂&nbsp;
|-
|align=center|is a subset of
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">⊇<br /><br /> ⊃</div>
||[[superset]]
| rowspan=3|''A''&nbsp;⊇&nbsp;''B'' means every element of ''B'' is also element of ''A''.<br /><br />''A''&nbsp;⊃&nbsp;''B'' means ''A''&nbsp;⊇&nbsp;''B'' but ''A''&nbsp;≠&nbsp;''B''. <br /><br />(''Some writers use the symbol ⊃ as if it were the same as ⊇.'')
| rowspan=3|(''A''&nbsp;∪&nbsp;''B'')&nbsp;⊇&nbsp;''B''<br /><br />&nbsp;⊃&nbsp;
|-
|align=center|is a superset of
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∪</div>
||[[சேர்ப்பு (கணக் கோட்பாடு)|set-theoretic union]]
| rowspan=3|(exclusive) ''A''&nbsp;∪&nbsp;''B'' means the set that contains all the elements from ''A'', or all the elements from ''B'', but not both.<br /> "''A'' or ''B'', but not both." <br /><br /> (inclusive) ''A''&nbsp;∪&nbsp;''B'' means the set that contains all the elements from ''A'', or all the elements from ''B'', or all the elements from both ''A'' and ''B''.<br /> "''A'' or ''B'' or both".
| rowspan=3|''A''&nbsp;⊆&nbsp;''B''&nbsp;&nbsp;⇔&nbsp; (''A''&nbsp;∪&nbsp;''B'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;''B'' (inclusive)
|-
|align=center|the union of … and … <br /><br /> union
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∩</div>
||[[intersection (set theory)|set-theoretic intersection]]
| rowspan=3|''A''&nbsp;∩&nbsp;''B'' means the set that contains all  those elements that ''A'' and ''B'' have in common.
| rowspan=3|{''x''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;&nbsp;: ''x''<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 1}&nbsp;∩&nbsp;&nbsp;= {1}
|-
|align=center|intersected with; intersect
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"> <math>\Delta</math> </div>
||[[symmetric difference]]
| rowspan=3|<math> A\Delta B</math> means the set of elements in exactly one of ''A'' or ''B''.
| rowspan=3|{1,5,6,8} <math>\Delta</math> {2,5,8} = {1,2,6}
|-
|align=center|symmetric difference
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[complement (set theory)|set-theoretic complement]]
| rowspan=3|''A''&nbsp;&nbsp;''B'' means the set that contains all those elements of ''A'' that are not in ''B''. <br /><br />− can also be used for set-theoretic complement as described above.
| rowspan=3|{1,2,3,4}&nbsp;&nbsp;{3,4,5,6}&nbsp;= {1,2}
|-
|align=center|minus; without
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">(&nbsp;)</div>
||[[சார்பு|function]] application
| rowspan=3|''f''(''x'') means the value of the function ''f'' at the element ''x''.
| rowspan=3|If ''f''(''x'')&nbsp;:= ''x''<sup>2</sup>, then ''f''(3)&nbsp;= 3<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 9.
|-
|align=center|of
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
|precedence grouping
| rowspan=3|Perform the operations inside the parentheses first.
| rowspan=3|(8/4)/2&nbsp;= 2/2&nbsp;= 1, but 8/(4/2)&nbsp;= 8/2&nbsp;= 4.
|-
|align=center|parentheses
|-
|align=right|everywhere

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">''f'':''X''→''Y''</div>
||[[சார்பு|function]] arrow
| rowspan=3|''f'':&nbsp;''X''&nbsp;→ ''Y'' means the function ''f'' maps the set ''X'' into the set ''Y''.
| rowspan=3|Let ''f'':&nbsp;&nbsp;→&nbsp; be defined by ''f''(''x'')&nbsp;:= ''x''<sup>2</sup>.
|-
|align=center|from … to
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]],[[Intuitionistic type theory|type theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><small>o</small></div>
||[[சார்புகளின் தொகுப்பு]]
| rowspan=3|''f''<small>o</small>''g'' is the function, such that (''f''<small>o</small>''g'')(''x'') = ''f''(''g''(''x'')).
| rowspan=3|if ''f''(''x'') := 2''x'', and ''g''(''x'') := ''x'' + 3, then  (''f''<small>o</small>''g'')(''x'') = 2(''x'' + 3).
|-
|align=center|composed with
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br />**N**</div>
||[[இயற்கை எண்கள்]]
| rowspan=3|**N** means {&nbsp;1, 2, 3, …}, but see the article on natural numbers for a different convention.
| rowspan=3|&nbsp;= ''a''|&nbsp;: ''a''&nbsp;∈ , ''a''&nbsp;≠ 0}
|-
|align=center|N
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br />**Z**</div> ||[[நிறை எண்கள்]]
| rowspan=3| means {..., −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …} and <sup>+</sup> means {1, 2, 3, …}&nbsp;= .
| rowspan=3|&nbsp;= {''p'',&nbsp;-''p''&nbsp;: ''p''&nbsp;∈ }&nbsp;∪&nbsp;{0}
|-
|align=center|Z
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br /> **Q**</div> ||[[விகிதமுறு எண்கள்]]
| rowspan=3| means {''p''/''q''&nbsp;: ''p''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;, ''q''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;}.
| rowspan=3|3.14000...&nbsp;∈ <br /><br />π&nbsp; 
|-
|align=center|Q
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br /> **R**</div> ||[[மெய்யெண்]]s
| rowspan=3|ℝ means the set of real numbers.

| rowspan=3|π&nbsp;∈ <br /><br /> √(−1)&nbsp; 
|-
|align=center|R
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br />**C**</div> ||[[சிக்கலெண்]]s
| rowspan=3| means {''a''&nbsp;+&nbsp;''b''&nbsp;***i***&nbsp;: ''a'',''b''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;}.
| rowspan=3|***i***&nbsp;= √(−1)&nbsp;∈ 
|-
|align=center|''C''
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s
|-
||arbitrary [[constant]]
| rowspan=3| ''C'' can be any number, most likely unknown; usually occurs when calculating [[antiderivative]]s.
| rowspan=3|if ''f(x)'' = 6''x''² + 4''x'', then ''F(x)'' = 2''x''³ + 2''x''² + ''C'', where ''F'(x)'' = ''f(x)''
|-
|align=center|C
|-
|align=right|[[தொகையீடு]]
|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><br /><br />**K**</div>
||[[மெய்யெண்|real]] or [[சிக்கலெண்]]s
| rowspan=3|**K** means the statement holds substituting **K** for **R** and also for **C*'.
| rowspan=3|
: <math>x^2\in\mathbb{C}\,\forall x\in \mathbb{K}</math>
because
: <math>x^2\in\mathbb{C}\,\forall x\in \mathbb{R}</math>
and
:<math>x^2\in\mathbb{C}\,\forall x\in \mathbb{C}</math>.
|-
|align=center|K
|-
|align=right|[[நேரியல் இயற்கணிதம்]]

|-

| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∞</div>
||[[எண்ணிலி]]
| rowspan=3|∞ is an element of the [[நீட்டிக்கப்பட்ட மெய்யெண் கோடு|extended number line]] that is greater than all real numbers; it often occurs in [[limit (mathematics)|limits]].
| rowspan=3|<math>\lim_{x\to 0} \frac{1} = \infty</math>
|-
|align=center|எண்ணிலி
|-
|align=right|[[எண்]]s

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">…</div>
||[[normed vector space|norm]]
| rowspan=3| &nbsp;*x*&nbsp; is the [[norm (mathematics)|norm]] of the element *x* of a [[normed vector space]].
| rowspan=3| &nbsp;*x*&nbsp; + *y*&nbsp; ≤&nbsp; &nbsp;*x*&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;  &nbsp;*y*&nbsp;
|-
|align=center|norm of<br /><br /> length of
|-
|align=right| [[நேரியல் இயற்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∑</div>
||[[summation]]
| rowspan=3|
<math>\sum_{k=1}^{n}{a_k}</math> means *a*<sub>1</sub>&nbsp;+ *a*<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;+ …&nbsp;+ *a*<sub>*n*</sub>.
| rowspan=3|
<math>\sum_{k=1}^{4}{k^2}</math> = 1<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 2<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 3<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 4<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;
::= 1&nbsp;+ 4&nbsp;+ 9&nbsp;+ 16&nbsp;= 30
|-
|align=center|sum over … from … to … of
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∏</div>
||[[பெருக்கல் (கணிதம்)|product]]
| rowspan=3|
<math>\prod_{k=1}^na_k</math> means *a*<sub>1</sub>*a*<sub>2</sub>···*a*<sub>*n*</sub>.
| rowspan=3|
<math>\prod_{k=1}^4(k+2)</math> = (1+2)(2+2)(3+2)(4+2)
::= 3&nbsp;× 4&nbsp;×  5&nbsp;× 6&nbsp;= 360
|-
|align=center|product over … from … to … of
|-
|align=right|[[எண்கணிதம்]]

|-
||[[கார்ட்டீசியன் பெருக்கற்பலன்]]
| rowspan=3|
<math>\prod_{i=0}^{n}{Y_i}</math> means the set of all [[n-tuple|(n+1)-tuples]]
::(*y*<sub>0</sub>, …, *y*<sub>*n*</sub>).
| rowspan=3|
<math>\prod_{n=1}^{3}{\mathbb{R}} = \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R} = \mathbb{R}^3</math>
|-
|align=center|the Cartesian product of; the direct product of
|-
|align=right|[[naive set theory|set theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[coproduct]]
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
|align=center|coproduct over … from … to … of
|-
|align=right|[[category theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">′  <br /><br /><sup>•</sup></div>
||[[வகையிடல்]]
| rowspan=3|*f*&nbsp;′(*x*) is the derivative of the function *f* at the point *x*, i.e., the [[சாய்வு]] of the [[தொடுகோடு]] to *f* at *x*. <br />
The dot notation indicates a time derivative. That is <math>\dot{x}(t)=\frac{\partial}{\partial t}x(t)</math>.
| rowspan=3|If *f*(*x*)&nbsp;:=&nbsp;*x*<sup>2</sup>, then *f*&nbsp;′(*x*)&nbsp;=&nbsp;2*x*
|-
|align=center|… prime<br /><br /> derivative of
|-
|align=right|[[நுண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∫</div>
||[[indefinite integral]] or [[antiderivative]]
| rowspan=3|∫&nbsp;*f*(*x*)&nbsp;d*x* means a function whose derivative is *f*.
| rowspan=3| ∫*x*<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;d*x*&nbsp;= *x*<sup>3</sup>/3 + C
|-
|align=center|indefinite integral of<br /><br /> the antiderivative of
|-
|align=right|[[நுண்கணிதம்]]

|-
||[[தொகையீடு]]
| rowspan=3|∫<sub>*a*</sub><sup>*b*</sup>&nbsp;*f*(*x*)&nbsp;d*x* means the signed [[பரப்பளவு]] between the *x*-axis and the [[சார்பின் வரைபடம்|graph]] of the [[சார்பு|function]] *f* between *x*&nbsp;= *a* and *x*&nbsp;= *b*.
| rowspan=3|∫<sub>0</sub><sup>*b*</sup>&nbsp;x<sup>2 </sup>&nbsp;d*x*&nbsp;= *b*<sup>3</sup>/3;
|-
|align=center|integral from … to … of … with respect to
|-
|align=right|[[நுண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∮</div>
||[[contour integral]] or closed [[line integral]]
| rowspan=3|Similar to the integral, but used to denote a single integration over a closed curve or loop.  It is sometimes used in physics texts involving equations regarding [[Gauss's Law]], and while these formulas involve a closed [[surface integral]], the representations describe only the first integration of the volume over the enclosing surface.  Instances where the latter requires simultaneous double integration, the symbol  would be more appropriate.  A third related symbol is the closed [[volume integral]], denoted by the symbol .
The contour integral can also frequently be found with a subscript capital letter *C*, ∮<sub>*C*</sub>, denoting that a closed loop integral is, in fact, around a contour *C*, or sometimes dually appropriately, a circle *C*.  In representations of Gauss's Law, a subscript capital *S*, ∮<sub>*S*</sub>, is used to denote that the integration is over a closed surface.
| rowspan=3|
|-
|align=center|contour integral of
|-
|align=right|[[நுண்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=9 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∇</div>
| [[gradient]]
| rowspan=3|∇*f* (x<sub>1</sub>, …, x<sub>*n*</sub>) is the vector of partial derivatives (*∂f* / *∂x*<sub>1</sub>, …, *∂f* / *∂x*<sub>*n*</sub>).
| rowspan=3|If *f* (*x*,*y*,*z*) := 3*xy* + *z*², then ∇*f*&nbsp;=&nbsp;(3*y*, 3*x*, 2*z*)
|-
|align=center|[[டெல் இயக்கி]], [[nabla symbol|nabla]], [[gradient]] of
|-
|align=right|[[vector calculus]]

|-
| [[விரிதல் (திசையன் நுண்கணிதம்)]]
| rowspan=3|<math> \nabla \cdot \vec v = {\partial v_x \over \partial x} + {\partial v_y \over \partial y} + {\partial v_z \over \partial z} </math>
| rowspan=3|If <math> \vec v := 3xy\mathbf{i}+y^2 z\mathbf{j}+5\mathbf{k} </math>, then <math> \nabla \cdot \vec v = 3y + 2yz </math>.

|-
|align=center|del dot, divergence of
|-
|align=right|vector calculus

|-
| [[curl]]
|rowspan=3|<math> \nabla \times \vec v = \left( {\partial v_z \over \partial y} - {\partial v_y \over \partial z} \right) \mathbf{i} + \left( {\partial v_x \over \partial z} - {\partial v_z \over \partial x} \right) \mathbf{j} + \left( {\partial v_y \over \partial x} - {\partial v_x \over \partial y} \right) \mathbf{k} </math>
|rowspan=3|If <math> \vec v := 3xy\mathbf{i}+y^2 z\mathbf{j}+5\mathbf{k} </math>, then <math> \nabla\times\vec v = -y^2\mathbf{i} - 3x\mathbf{k} </math>.

|-
|align=center|curl of
|-
|align=right|vector calculus

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">∂</div>
||[[partial differential]]
| rowspan=3| With *f* (x<sub>1</sub>, …,  x<sub>*n*</sub>), ∂f/∂x<sub>i</sub> is the derivative of *f* with respect to x<sub>i</sub>, with all other variables kept constant.
| rowspan=3| If *f*(x,y) := x<sup>2</sup>y, then ∂*f*/∂x = 2xy
|-
|align=center|partial, d
|-
|align=right|[[நுண்கணிதம்]]

|-
|[[Boundary (topology)|boundary]]
| rowspan=3| ∂*M* means the boundary of *M*
| rowspan=3| ∂{x : x ≤ 2} = {x : x = 2}
|-
|align=center|boundary of
|-
|align=right|[[இடவியல்]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">&perp;</div>
||[[செங்குத்து]]
| rowspan=3|*x*&nbsp;&perp;&nbsp;*y* means *x* is perpendicular to *y*; or more generally *x* is orthogonal to *y*.
| rowspan=3|If *l*&nbsp;&perp;&nbsp;*m* and *m*&nbsp;&perp;&nbsp;*n* then *l*&nbsp;&nbsp;*n*.
|-
|align=center|is perpendicular to
|-
|align=right|[[வடிவவியல்]]

|-
||[[bottom element]]
| rowspan=3|*x* = &perp; means *x* is the smallest element.
| rowspan=3|&forall;*x*&nbsp;: *x*&nbsp;∧&nbsp;&perp;&nbsp;= &perp;
|-
|align=center|the bottom element
|-
|align=right|[[Lattice (order)|lattice theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[சமாந்தரம்]]
| rowspan=3|*x*&nbsp;&nbsp;*y* means *x* is parallel to *y*.
| rowspan=3|If *l*&nbsp;&nbsp;*m* and *m*&nbsp;&perp;&nbsp;*n* then *l*&nbsp;&perp;&nbsp;*n*.
|-
|align=center|is parallel to
|-
|align=right|[[வடிவவியல்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center| <div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[entailment]]
| rowspan=3| *A*&nbsp;&nbsp;*B* means the sentence *A* entails the sentence *B*, that is in every model in which *A* is true, *B* is also true.
| rowspan=3| *A*&nbsp;&nbsp;*A*&nbsp;∨&nbsp;¬*A*
|-
|align=center|entails
|-
|align=right| [[model theory]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center| <div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[inference]]
| rowspan=3|*x*&nbsp;&nbsp;*y* means *y* is derived from *x*.
| rowspan=3| *A*&nbsp;→&nbsp;*B*&nbsp; ¬*B*&nbsp;→&nbsp;¬*A*
|-
|align=center|infers or is derived from
|-
|align=right|[[propositional logic]], [[predicate logic]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center| <div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[இயல்நிலை உட்குலம்]]
| rowspan=3| *N*&nbsp;&nbsp;*G* means that *N* is a normal subgroup of group *G*.
| rowspan=3| *Z*(*G*)&nbsp;&nbsp;*G*
|-
|align=center|is a normal subgroup of
|-
|align=right|[[குலக் கோட்பாடு]]


|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">/</div>
||[[ஈவு குலம்]]
| rowspan=3| *G*&nbsp;/&nbsp;*H* means the quotient of group *G* [[modulo]] its subgroup *H*.
| rowspan=3| {0, *a*, 2*a*, *b*, *b*+*a*, *b*+2*a*}&nbsp;/&nbsp;{0, *b*}&nbsp;= , {*a*, *b*+*a*}, 
|-
|align=center| mod
|-
|align=right| [[குலக் கோட்பாடு]]

|-
|quotient set
| rowspan=3| *A*/~ means the set of all ~ [[சமானப் பகுதி]]es in *A*.
| rowspan=3| If we define ~ by x&nbsp;~&nbsp;y ⇔ x&nbsp;−&nbsp;y&nbsp;∈ , then <br />/~&nbsp;= {{*x*&nbsp;+&nbsp;*n*&nbsp;: *n*&nbsp;∈&nbsp;}&nbsp;: x&nbsp;∈&nbsp;(0,1])
|-
|align=center| mod
|-
|align=right| [[கணக் கோட்பாடு]]

|-
| rowspan=6 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">≈</div>
|approximately equal
| rowspan=3|*x*&nbsp;≈&nbsp;*y* means *x* is approximately equal to *y*.
| rowspan=3|π&nbsp;≈&nbsp;3.14159
|-
|align=center|is approximately equal to
|-
|align=right|everywhere
|-
||[[isomorphism]]
| rowspan=3| *G*&nbsp;≈&nbsp;*H* means that group *G* is isomorphic to group *H*.
| rowspan=3| *Q*&nbsp;/&nbsp;{1,&nbsp;−1}&nbsp;≈ *V*, <br />where *Q* is the [[quaternion group]] and *V* is the [[கிளைன் நான்குறுப்புக்குலம்]].
|-
|align=center | is isomorphic to
|-
|align=right| [[குலக் கோட்பாடு]]
|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">~</div>
||same [[order of magnitude]]
| rowspan=3| *m*&nbsp;~&nbsp;*n* means the quantities *m* and *n* have the same [[order of magnitude]], or general size. <br /><br />(*Note that* ~ *is used for an approximation that is poor, otherwise use * ≈&nbsp;.)
| rowspan=3|2&nbsp;~&nbsp;5<br /><br /> 8&nbsp;×&nbsp;9&nbsp;~ 100<br /><br /> but π<sup>2</sup> ≈ 10
|-
|align=right|roughly similar<br /><br /> [[அண்ணளவாக்கம்|poorly approximates]]
|-
|align=right|[[அண்ணளவாக்கக் கோட்பாடு]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">〈,〉<br /><br />( | )<br /><br />< , ><br /><br />·<br /><br />:</div>
||[[Inner product space|inner product]]
| rowspan=3|〈*x*,*y*〉 means the inner product of *x* and *y* as defined in an [[inner product space]]. <br />
For spatial vectors, the [[புள்ளிப் பெருக்கல்]] notation, *x*·*y* is common. <br />
For matricies, the colon notation may be used.
| rowspan=3|The [[புள்ளிப் பெருக்கல்|standard inner product]] between two vectors *x*&nbsp;=&nbsp;(2,&nbsp;3) and *y*&nbsp;=&nbsp;(−1,&nbsp;5) is:<br />〈x,&nbsp;y〉&nbsp;=&nbsp;2&nbsp;×&nbsp;−1&nbsp;+&nbsp;3&nbsp;×&nbsp;5&nbsp;= 13<br /><br />
<math>A:B = \sum_{i,j} A_{ij}B_{ij}</math>
|-
|align=center|inner product of
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|align=right|[[நேரியல் இயற்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"></div>
||[[tensor product]]
| rowspan=3| *V*&nbsp;&nbsp;*U* means the tensor product of *V* and *U*.
| rowspan=3| {1, 2, 3, 4}&nbsp;&nbsp;{1, 1, 2}&nbsp;= <br /> , {1, 2, 3, 4}, 
|-
|align=center| tensor product of
|-
|align=right| [[நேரியல் இயற்கணிதம்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;">*</div>
||[[convolution]]
| rowspan=3| *f*&nbsp;*&nbsp;*g* means the convolution of *f* and *g*.
| rowspan=3| <math>(f  * g )(t) = \int f(\tau) g(t - \tau)\, d\tau</math>
|-
|align=center| convolution, convoluted with
|-
|align=right| [[functional analysis]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><math>\bar{x}</math><br /></div>
||[[கூட்டுச்சராசரி]]
| rowspan=3|<math>\bar{x}</math> (often read as "x bar") is the [[கூட்டுச்சராசரி]] (average value of <math>x_i</math>).
| rowspan=3|<math>x = \{1,2,3,4,5\}; \bar{x} = 3</math>.
|-
|align=center|overbar, … bar
|-
|align=right|[[புள்ளியியல்]]

|-
|rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><math> \overline{z} </math>
||[[complex conjugate]]
| rowspan=3|<math> \overline{z} </math> is the complex conjugate of *z*.
| rowspan=3|<math> \overline{3+4i} = 3-4i </math>
|-
|align=center|conjugate
|-
|align=right|[[சிக்கலெண்]]

|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center|<div style="font-size:200%;"><math>\triangleq</math></div>
||delta equal to
| rowspan=3|<math>\triangleq</math> means equal by definition. When <math>\triangleq</math> is used, equality is not true generally, but rather equality is true under certain assumptions that are taken in context. Some writers prefer ≡.
| rowspan=3|<math>p(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) \triangleq \prod_{i=1}^n p(x_i | x_{\pi_i})</math>.
|-
|align=center|equal by definition
|-
|align=right|everywhere
|}

== See also ==
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* [[Mathematical alphanumeric symbols]]
* [[Table of logic symbols]]
* கணிதக் குறியீடுகள்
* [[ISO 31-11]]
* [[Roman letters used in mathematics]]
* [[Greek letters used in mathematics]]
* [[Notation in probability]]
* [[இயற்பியல் மாறிலி]]s
* [[Variables commonly used in physics]]
</div>

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081204035420/http://members.aol.com/jeff570/mathsym.html Jeff Miller: *Earliest Uses of Various Mathematical Symbols'']
* TCAEP – Institute of Physics 
* GIF and PNG Images for Math Symbols
* Mathematical Symbols in Unicode 

பகுப்பு:கணிதக் குறியீடுகள்
பகுப்பு:தரமுயர்த்தப்பட வேண்டிய கட்டுரைகள்