Metarhizium

*Metarhizium* ni jenasi ya kuvu entomopathojeni (kuvu zisababishazo magonjwa kwa wadudu) katika familia Clavicipitaceae. Tangu kuwadia kwa mihtasari ya jenetiki imewezekana kuweka kuvu hizi kwenye taksoni (aina) zao za kufaa. Nyingi sana zimetokea kuwa jinsi za kuvu za Ascomycota ambazo sina jinsia (anamorfi).

## Spishi 
Kabla ya mbinu za kimolekuli kuletwa mwishoni mwa karne ya 20, spishi za "Metarhizium" zilitambuliwa kwa sifa za kimofolojia (haswa spora). Spishi za asili zilijumuishwa: *M. anisopliae* (pamoja na *M.a.* var. *major*), *M. brunneum*, *M.  cicadinum*, *M. cylindrosporum*, *M. flavoviride*, *M. taii*, *M. truncatum* na *M.  viridicolumnare*.  

Mwaka 2009 namna tisa za zamani zimepewa hadhi ya spishi pamoja na *M. anisopliae* inayojulikana sana. Spishi mpya zimeendelea kutambuliwa na pengine majina ya asili yalirudishwa (haswa * M. Brunneum *). Sasa (Julai 2018) index fungorum inaorodhesha:
* *Metarhizium acridum* (Driver & Milner) J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009) (prev. *M. anisopliae* var. *acridum*)
* *Metarhizium anisopliae* (Metschn.) Sorokīn (1883)
* *Metarhizium atrovirens* (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium bibionidarum* O. Nishi & H. Sato (2017)
* *Metarhizium blattodeae* C. Montalva, Humber, K. Collier & C. Luz (2016)
* *Metarhizium brasiliense* Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium brittlebankisoides* (Zuo Y. Liu, Z.Q. Liang, Whalley, Y.J. Yao & A.Y. Liu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium brunneum* Petch (1935)
* *Metarhizium campsosterni* (W.M. Zhang & T.H. Li) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium carneum* (Duché & R. Heim) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium chaiyaphumense* Tasan., Khons., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
* *Metarhizium cicadinum* (Höhn.) Petch (1931)
* *Metarhizium cylindrosporum* Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo (1986)
* *Metarhizium dendrolimatilis* Z.Q. Liang, Wan H. Chen, Y.F. Han & X. Zou (2017)
* *Metarhizium flavoviride* W. Gams & Rozsypal (1973)
* *Metarhizium frigidum* J.F. Bisch. & S.A. Rehner (2007)
* *Metarhizium globosum* J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009)
* *Metarhizium granulomatis* (Sigler) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium guniujiangense* (C.R. Li, B. Huang, M.Z. Fan & Z.Z. Li) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium indigoticum* (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium kalasinense* Tasan., Khons., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
* *Metarhizium khaoyaiense* (Hywel-Jones) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium koreanum* Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium kusanagiense* (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium lepidiotae* (Driver & Milner) J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009) (prev. *M. anisopliae* var. *lepidiotae*)
* *Metarhizium majus* (J.R. Johnst.) J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009) (prev. *M. anisopliae* var. *major*)
* *Metarhizium marquandii* (Massee) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium minus* (Rombach, Humber & D.W. Roberts) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014) (prev. *M. flavoviride* var. *minus*)
* *Metarhizium novozealandicum* (Driver & Milner) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium owariense* (Kobayasi) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium pemphigi* (Driver & Milner) Kepler, Humber & S.A. Rehner (2014)
* *Metarhizium pinghaense* Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo (1986)
* *Metarhizium prachinense* Tasan., Khons., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
* *Metarhizium pseudoatrovirens* (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium purpureogenum* O. Nishi, S. Shimizu & H. Sato (2017)
* *Metarhizium reniforme* (Samson & Evans) Luangsa-ard, Boucias & Hywel-Jones (2017)
* *Metarhizium rileyi* (Farl.) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014) (prev. *Nomuraea rileyi*)
* *Metarhizium robertsii* J.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (2009)
* *Metarhizium samlanense* Luangsa-ard, Thanakitp., Tasan., Mongkols. & Hywel-Jones (2017)
* *Metarhizium taii* Z.Q. Liang & A.Y. Liu (1991)
* *Metarhizium takense* Tasan., Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard (2017)
* *Metarhizium truncatum* Petch (1931)
* *Metarhizium viride* (Segretain, Fromentin, Destombes, Brygoo & Dodin ex Samson) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)
* *Metarhizium viridicolumnare* (Matsush.) Matsush. (1993)
* *Metarhizium viridulum* (Tzean, L.S. Hsieh, J.L. Chen & W.J. Wu) B. Huang & Z.Z. Li (2004)
* *Metarhizium yongmunense* (G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014)

### Majina mengine ya spishi zilizoainishwa tena
* *M. album* Petch, 1931 inaainishwa katika *M. anisopliae* sasa.
* *M. glutinosum* imewekwa katika familia Stachybotryaceae sasa kama *Albifimbria (Myrothecium) verrucaria* (Alb. & Schwein.) L. Lombard & Crous.
* *M. martiale* inaainishwa kama *Nigelia martiale* (Speg.) Luangsa-ard & Thanakitp. (Clavicipitaceae).

### Teleomorfi
Inaonekana kama teleomorfi za spishi za *Metarhizium* ni wana wa jenasi *Metacordyceps*. *Metacordyceps taii* (kama *Cordyceps taii*) imefafanua kama teleomorfi ya *Metarhizium taii*. Kwa muda fulani imefahamu kuwa kisawe cha *M. guizhouense, lakini jina *M. taii* limerudishwa sasa. 

Hakuna uhakika kuhusu swali kwamba spishi na namna nyingine za *Metarhizium* zina teleomorfi zao zenyewe. Inawezekana kwamba namna nyingi zimepoteza uwezo wa kuzaliana kwa kijinsia.

## Udhibiti wa nzige
Katika miaka ya 1990 mradi wa utafiti wa LUBILOSA ulithibitisha kwamba *M. acridum* ilikuwa na ufanisi katika kuua nzige na wana wengine wa familia za Acrididea bila athari mbaya zinazopatikana katika majaribio ya nje kwa spishi zozote zisizolengwa isipokuwa viwavi-hariri wa kufugwa *Bombyx mori''. Hivi sasa inazalishwa kama dawa ya kibiolojia kwa jina "Novacrid" na kampuni ya Eléphant Vert katika kiwanda chao huko Meknès, Maroko. Hivi karibuni (2019) kampuni hiyo hiyo ilipata leseni ya kuzalisha na kuuza kifundiro asili kilichotengenezwa na LUBILOSA, ambacho kinaitwa Green Muscle. Kifundiro cha tatu, Green Guard, kinazalishwa na BASF ya Australia kwa udhibiti wa nzige wa tauni wa Australia na panzi bila mabawa.

## Marejeo 
Jamii:Fungi
Jamii:Kuvu viuawadudu