Kiluwiri

**Viluwiri** ni ndege wa jenasi mbalimbali za familia ya Rallidae. Spishi za jenasi Rallus zinaitwa kibilinzi pia. Viluwiri wa Afrika wana rangi zilizofifia na hawaoneki rahisi wotoni, lakini husikika mara zaidi. Wana domo refu, miguu myembamba na vidole virefu. Spishi nyingi zaidi zinatokea karibu na maji, mabwawani au nyikani majimaji ambapo hula wadudu na wanyama wadogo wa maji na wa matope. Kwa kawaida tago lao limefanyika kwa mimea ya maji kwa umbo wa bakuli mahali pakavu katika bwawa na huyataga mayai 2-12.

## Spishi za Afrika 
* *Aenigmatolimnas marginalis*, Kiluwiri Michirizi (Striped Crake)
* *Amaurornis phoenicurus*, Kiluwiri Kidari-cheupe (White-breasted Waterhen)
* *Aphanapteryx bonasia*, Kiluwiri Mwekundu (Red Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (kadiri ya 1700)
* *Aphanocrex podarces*, Kiluwiri Mkubwa wa Saint Helena (Saint Helena Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (mwanzo wa karne ya 16)
* *Crecopsis egregia*, Kiluwiri wa Afrika (African Crake)
* *Crex crex*, Kiluwiri wa Ulaya (Corn Crake)
* *Dryolimnas augusti* Kiluwiri wa Réunion Réunion Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (mwisho wa karne ya 17)
* *Dryolimnas cuvieri*, Kiluwiri Koo-jeupe (White-throated or Cuvier’s Rail)
** *Dryolimnas c. aldabranus*, Kiluwiri wa Aldabra (Aldabra White-throated Rail)
** *Dryolimnas c. abbotti*, Kiluwiri wa Assumption (Assumption White-throated Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (mwanzo wa karne ya 20)
* *Erythromachus leguati*, Kiluwiri wa Rodrigues (Rodrigues Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (kati ya karne ya 18)
* *Himantornis haematopus*, Kiluwiri Miguu-myekundu (Nkulengu Rail)
* *Laterallus rogersi*, Kiluwiri wa Kisiwa Kisichofikika (Inaccessible Island Rail)
* *Mundia elpenor* Kiluwiri wa Ascension (Ascension Crake) **imekwisha sasa** (mwanzo wa karne ya 19)
* *Porzana porzana*, Kiluwiri Madoa (Spotted Crake)
* *Rallus aquaticus*, Kiluwiri-maji au Kibilinzi wa Ulaya (European Water Rail)
* *Rallus caerulescens*, Kiluwiri-maji au Kibilinzi wa Afrika (African Water Rail)
* *Rallus madagascariensis*, Kiluwiri-maji au Kibilinzi wa Madagaska (Madagascar Water Rail)
* *Rougetius rougetii*, Kiluwiri wa Rouget (Rouget’s Rail)
* *Zapornia astrictocarpus* Kiluwiri wa Saint Helena (Saint Helena Crake) **imekwisha sasa** (mwanzo wa karne ya 16)
* *Zapornia flavirostra*, Kiluwiri Mweusi (Black Crake)
* *Zapornia olivieri*, Kiluwiri wa Sakalava (Sakalava Rail)
* *Zapornia parva*, Kiluwiri Mdogo (Little Crake)
* *Zapornia pusilla*, Kiluwiri wa Baillon (Baillon’s Crake)

## Spishi za mabara mengine 
* *Amaurolimnas concolor* (Uniform Crake)
* *Amaurornis isabellina* (Isabelline Bush-hen)
* *Amaurornis magnirostris* (Talaud Bush-hen)
* *Amaurornis moluccana* (Pale-vented au Rufous-tailed Bush-hen au Rufous-tailed Waterhen)
* *Amaurornis olivacea* (Plain Bush-hen)
* *Anurolimnas castaneiceps* (Chestnut-headed Crake)
* *Aptenorallus calayanensis* (Calayan Rail)
* *Aramides axillaris* (Rufous-necked Wood Rail)
* *Aramides cajaneus* (Grey-necked Wood Rail)
* *Aramides calopterus* (Red-winged Wood Rail)
* *Aramides gutturalis* (Red-throated Wood Rail; spishi si hakika) **imekwisha sasa** (karne ya 20?)
* *Aramides mangle* (Little Wood Rail)
* *Aramides saracura* (Slaty-breasted Wood Rail)
* *Aramides wolfi* (Brown Wood Rail)
* *Aramides ypecaha* (Giant Wood Rail)
* *Aramidopsis plateni* Snoring Rail au Celebes au Platen's Rail
* *Cabalus lafresnayanus* (New Caledonian Rail) **imekwisha yamkini**
* *Cabalus modestus* (Chatham Rail) **imekwisha sasa**
* *Coturnicops exquisitus* (Swinhoe's Rail)
* *Coturnicops noveboracensis* (Yellow Rail)
* *Eulabeornis castaneoventris* (Chestnut Rail)
* *Gallirallus australis* (Weka)
* *Gallirallus sharpei* (Sharpe's Rail) **imekwisha yamkini**
* *Gymnocrex plumbeiventris* (Bare-eyed Rail)
* *Gymnocrex rosenbergii* (Blue- au Bald-faced Rail)
* *Gymnocrex talaudensis* (Talaud Rail)
* *Habroptila wallacii* (Invisible Rail au Wallace's au Drummer Rail)
* *Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii* (Dieffenbach's Rail) **imekwisha sasa**
* *Hypotaenidia insignis* (Pink-legged Rail)
* *Hypotaenidia okinawae* (Okinawa Rail)
* *Hypotaenidia owstoni* (Guam Rail) **imekwisha mwituni**
* *Hypotaenidia pacificus* (Tahiti Rail) **imekwisha sasa**
* *Hypotaenidia philippensis* (Buff-banded Rail)
* *Hypotaenidia poecilopterus* (Bar-winged Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (kadiri ya 1980)
* *Hypotaenidia rovianae* (Roviana Rail)
* *Hypotaenidia sylvestris* (Lord Howe Woodhen)
* *Hypotaenidia torquatus* (Barred Rail)
* *Hypotaenidia wakensis* (Wake Island Rail) **imekwisha sasa**
* *Hypotaenidia woodfordi* (Woodford's Rail)
* *Laterallus albigularis* (White-throated Crake)
* *Laterallus exilis* (Grey-breasted Crake)
* *Laterallus fasciatus* (Black-banded Crake)
* *Laterallus flaviventer* (Yellow-breasted Crake)
* *Laterallus jamaicensis* (Black Rail)
* *Laterallus leucopyrrhus* (Red-and-white Crake)
* *Laterallus levraudi* (Rusty-flanked Crake)
* *Laterallus melanophaius* (Rufous-sided Crake)
* *Laterallus notatus* (Speckled Rail)
* *Laterallus ruber* (Ruddy Crake)
* *Laterallus spilonotus* (Galapagos Rail)
* *Laterallus spiloptera* (Dot-winged Crake)
* *Laterallus tuerosi* (Junin Rail)
* *Laterallus viridis* (Russet-crowned Crake)
* *Laterallus xenopterus* (Rufous-faced Crake)
* *Lewinia mirifica* (Brown-banded Rail)
* *Lewinia muelleri* (Auckland Rail)
* *Lewinia pectoralis* (Lewin's Rail)
* *Lewinia striatus* (Slaty-breasted Rail)
* *Megacrex inepta* (New Guinea Flightless Rail)
* *Mustelirallus albicollis* (Ash-throated Crake)
* *Mustelirallus cerverai* (Zapata Rail)
* *Mustelirallus colombiana* (Colombian Crake)
* *Mustelirallus erythrops* (Paint-billed Crake)
* *Pardirallus maculatus* (Spotted Rail)
* *Pardirallus nigricans* (Blackish Rail)
* *Pardirallus sanguinolentus* (Plumbeous Rail)
* *Poliolimnas cinerea* (White-browed Crake)
* *Porzana carolina* (Sora)
* *Porzana fluminea* (Australian Crake)
* *Rallicula forbesi* (Forbes's Forest Rail)
* *Rallicula leucospila* (White-striped Forest Rail)
* *Rallicula mayri* (Mayr's Forest Rail)
* *Rallicula rubra* (Chestnut Forest Rail)
* *Rallina canningi* (Andaman Crake)
* *Rallina eurizonoides* (Slaty-legged Crake)
* *Rallina fasciata* (Red-legged Crake)
* *Rallina tricolor* (Red-necked Crake)
* *Rallus aequatorialis* (Ecuadorean Rail)
* *Rallus antarcticus* (Austral Rail)
* *Rallus crepitans* (Clapper rail)
* *Rallus elegans* (King Rail)
* *Rallus indicus* (Brown-cheeked Rail)
* *Rallus limicola* (Virginia Rail)
* *Rallus longirostris* (Clapper Rail)
* *Rallus obsoletus* (Ridgway's rail)
* *Rallus semiplumbeus* (Bogota Rail)
* *Rallus tenuirostris* (Aztec Rail)
* *Rallus wetmorei* (Plain-flanked Rail)
* *Rufirallus schomburgkii* (Ocellated Crake)
* *Zapornia akool*) (Brown Crake)
* *Zapornia atra* (Red-eyed Crake)
* *Zapornia bicolor* (Black-tailed Crake)
* *Zapornia fusca* (Ruddy-breasted Crake)
* *Zapornia monasa* (Kosrae Crake) **imekwisha sasa** (nusu ya pili ya karne ya 19)
* *Zapornia nigra* (Miller's Crake; spishi si hakika) **imekwisha sasa** (kadiri ya 1800)
* *Zapornia palmeri* (Laysan Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (1944)
* *Zapornia paykullii* (Band-bellied Crake)
* *Zapornia sandwichensis* (Hawaiian Rail) **imekwisha sasa** (kadiri ya 1890)
* *Zapornia tabuensis* (Spotless Crake)

## Spishi za kabla ya historia 
* *Gallirallus epulare* (Nuku Hiva Rail)
* *Gallirallus gracilitibia* (Ua Huka Rail)
* *Gallirallus huiatua* (Niue Rail)
* *Gallirallus ripleyi* (Mangaia Rail)
* *Gallirallus roletti* (Tahuata Rail)
* *Gallirallus storrsolsoni* (Huahine Rail)
* *Gallirallus vekamatolu* (‘Eua Rail; ndege wa kufanana ameoneka kisiwani kwa Vava‘u mwaka 1793)
* *Gallirallus* cf. *owstoni* (Marianas Rail)
* *Gallirallus* sp. (New Ireland Rail)
* *Gallirallus* sp. (Norfolk Island Rail; ameendelea kuishi labda mpaka karne ya 19)
* ?*Gallirallus* sp. (Hiva Oa Rail)
* *Porzana estramosi* (Sajóvölgyi, Hungaria, mwisho wa Miocene)
* *Porzana keplerorum* (Small Maui Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana menehune* (Liliput Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana piercei* (Shore Hills, Bermuda, mwisho wa Pleistocene)
* *Porzana ralphorum* (Great O‘ahu Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana rua* (Mangaia Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana severnsi* (Great Maui Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana ziegleri* (Small O‘ahu Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Easter Island Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Great Big Island Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Great Kaua‘i Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Huahine Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Mangaia Crake #2; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Marquesas Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Marianas Crake (labda spishi 2); mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Medium Kaua‘i Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Medium Maui Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* sp. (Small Big Island Crake; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Porzana* cf. *flaviventer* (Bermuda)
* *Rallus auffenbergi* (kusini-mashariki ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, kati ya Pleistocene) - zamani *Porzana*
* *Rallus eivissensis* (Ibiza Rail; mwisho wa Quaternary)
* *Rallus ibycus* (Shore Hills, Bermuda, mwisho wa Pleistocene)
* *Rallus lacustris* (kati ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, mwisho wa Pliocene)
* *Rallus natator* (Pango la San Josecito, Mexico, Pleistocene) - zamani *Epirallus*
* *Rallus phillipsi* (Wickieup, MMA, mwisho wa Pliocene)
* *Rallus prenticei* (kati ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, mwisho wa Pliocene)
* *Rallus recessus* (St Georges, Bermuda, mwisho wa Pleistocene)
* *Rallus richmondi* - pamoja na *R. dubius*
* *Rallus* sp. (Sajóvölgyi, Hungary, kati ya Miocene)
* *Rallus* sp. (Rexroad, MMA, mwisho wa Pliocene)

## Picha 

Aenigmatolimnas marginalis, Kgomo-kgomo-vleiland, Birding Weto, a.jpg|Kiluwiri michirizi
Black crake2.jpg|Kiluwiri mweusi
White breasted Waterhen I4-Bhopal IMG 0515.jpg|Kiluwiri kidari-cheupe
AphanapteryxBonasia.JPG|Kiluwiri mwekundu
Atlantisia rogersi russ.jpg|Kiluwiri wa Kisiwa Kisichofikika
African crake, Crex egregia, Chobe National Park, Botswana (31582807814).jpg|Kiluwiri wa Afrika
Kwartelkoning-2 (28030424094).jpg|Kiluwiri wa Ulaya
White-throated Rail - Masoala - Madagascar MG 0548 (15285572081).jpg|Kiluwiri koo-jeupe
Himantornis haematopus.jpg|Kiluwiri miguu-myekundu
Porzana parva Vlaskop cropped.jpg|Kiluwiri mdogo
Porzana porzana 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|Kiluwiri madoa
Baillon's crake.jpg|Kiluwiri wa Baillon
Rallus aquaticus 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|Kibilinzi wa Ulaya
African Rail (Rallus caerulescens).jpg|Kibilinzi wa Afrika
Rallus madagascariensis.jpg|Kibilinzi wa Madagaska
Rougetius rougetii.jpg|Kiluwiri wa Rouget

Brown Crake I IMG 9603.jpg|Brown crake
Aramides cajaneaPCCA20051227-2034B.jpg|Grey-necked wood rail
Aramides saracura.jpg|Slaty-breasted wood rail
Aramides ypecaha (zoo Zurich).jpeg|Giant wood rail
Gallirallus australis.jpg|Weka
Guam rail.gif|Guam rail
Buff-banded Rail, Pengo.jpg|Buff-banded rail
Lord Howe Woodhen.jpg|Lord Howe woodhen
Rufous-sided_Crake_(Laterallus_melanophaius).jpg|Rufous-sided crake
Plumbeous rail.jpg|Plumbeous rail
Sora (Porzana carolina).jpg|Sora
Ruddy-breasted Crake (Porzana fusca) in Kolkata I IMG 2675.jpg|Ruddy-breasted crake
Slaty-legged Crake ( Rallina eurizonoides) from front.jpg|Slaty-legged crake
Red-Legged Crake.jpg|Red-legged crake
Rallus antarcticus.jpg|Austral rail
Clapper Rail - Flickr - GregTheBusker (2) (cropped).jpg|Clapper rail
Rallus elegans1.jpg|King rail
The brown-cheeked rail or eastern water rail.jpg|Brown-cheeked rail
Rallus limicola.jpg|Virginia rail
Federally endangered Ridgway's clapper rail at San Diego National Wildlife Refuge (39549614495).jpg|Ridgway's rail
Rallus semiplumbeus.jpg|Bogota rail

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