Oswald wa Northumbria

(kanisa kuu la Durham).]]
**Oswald wa Northumbria** (Deira, Northumbria, 604 hivi &ndash; Maserfield, 5 Agosti 641/642) alikuwa mfalme wa Northumbria kuanzia mwaka 634 hadi kifo chake vitani. Aliunganisha tena nchi na kueneza Ukristo ndani yake. 

Ni kwamba mwaka 616 alilazimishwa kwenda uhamishoni katika kisiwa cha Iona ambako akabadilika kuwa Mkristo na kubatizwa. 

Mwaka 634 Oswald alirudishiwa ufalme wa Northumbria akaamua kuwaingiza katika Ukristo wananchi wake ambao wengi wao walikuwa Wapagani. Ili kutekeleza lengo hilo aliwaomba watawa wa Iona wamtumie wamisionari, naye Aidani wa Lindisfarne akafika mwaka 635.

Aidan alichagua kisiwa cha Lindisfarne kiwe makao makuu ya dayosisi yake kwa vile kilikuwa karibu na ngome ya kifalme kule Bamburgh. 

Mwanzoni alikuwa mfalme Oswald mwenyewe aliyewatafsiria Aidan na watawa wake kwa vile walikuwa hawajajifunza lugha ya kale ya Kiingereza. 

Jamadari hodari, ingawa alipenda zaidi amani, aliuawa na Wapagani waliomchukia Yesu Kristo.

Habari zake ziliandikwa hasa na Beda Mheshimiwahttp://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainto25.htm .

Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na Wakatoliki, Waorthodoksi na Waanglikana kama mtakatifu mfiadini.

Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya kifo chake.

## Tazama pia
*Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale
*Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo
*Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika
*Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko

## Tanbihi
## Marejeo ya Kiswahili
* John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 273-274
* Pd. Leandry Kimario, O.F.M.Cap. - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 234

## Marejeo ya lugha nyingine
* Adomnán, *Life of Saint Columba* translated and edited Richard Sharpe. ISBN 0-14-044462-9
*   (as )
* Bailey, Richard N., "St Oswald's Heads", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), *Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint* (1995, 1996). ISBN 1-871615-51-8
* Brooks, Nicholas, "The formation of the Mercian kingdom", in S. Bassett (ed.), *The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms* (1989).
*
*
* Kirby, D.P., *The Earliest English Kings* (1991, 2000). ISBN 0-04-445692-1
* Pelteret,  David A.E. "Oswald: d. 642," ''Reader's Guide to British History* (London: Routledge, 2003) online in Credo Reference. Historiography
* Remfry, P.M., *Annales Cambriae.  A Translation of Harleian 3859; PRO E.164/1; Cottonian Domitian, A 1; Exeter Cathedral Library MS. 3514 and MS Exchequer DB Neath, PRO E* (ISBN 1-899376-81-X)
*Rollason, David, "St Oswald in Post-Conquest England", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), *Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint'' (1995, 1996).
* Stancliffe, Clare, "Oswald, 'Most Holy and Most Victorious King of the Northumbrians'", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), *Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint* (1995, 1996).
* Stancliffe, Clare, "Where Was Oswald Killed?", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), *Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint* (1995). ISBN 1-871615-51-8
* Tudor, Victoria, "Reginald's *Life of St Oswald*", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), *Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint* (1995, 1996). ISBN 1-871615-51-8
* Ziegler, Michelle, "The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria", *The Heroic Age*, Issue 2, Autumn/Winter 1999.

## Marejeo mengine
* Adams, Max (2013), *The King in the North: The Life and Times of Oswald of Northumbria*. ISBN 1781854181

## Viungo vya nje
*"St. Oswald, King and Martyr", ''Butler's Lives of the Saints''
*Catholic Encyclopedia - Saint Oswald
*Patron Saints Index  - Saint Oswald of Northumbria