Uliberali

(1647) ilikuwa tangazo la mabadiliko yaliyopendekezwa na kundi la Levellers wakati wa Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Uingereza.]]
 ya mwaka 1689 ni hatua muhimu katika upatikanaji wa sheria za kiliberali.]]
**Uliberali** ni falsafa, mtazamo au msimamo wa kupenda  uhuru na usawa katika jamii. 

Falsafa hiyo imebadilikabadilika katika mfululizo wa nyakati kuanzia msisitizo juu ya ubinafsi hadi ule juu ya ustawi wa jamii.

Vilevile Waliberali wanatofuatiana kadiri ya nchi husika, lakini kwa jumla wanatetea uhuru wa dhamiri, uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa mawazo, uhuru wa kusema na kuandika, haki za kiraia, demokrasia, serikali kutokuwa na dini maalumu na ushirikiano wa kimataifa.

## Asili ya jina
Mzizi wa jina hilo ni neno la Kilatini *liber*, yaani "huru". 

## Historia
Uliberali ulijitokeza kwa mara ya kwanza katika siasa wakati wa Falsafa ya Mwangaza (Enlightenment), ambapo ilikubaliwa na wanafalsafa na wachumi wengi katika nchi za Magharibi dhidi ya mila za usharifu, dini rasmi na ufalme usio na katiba.

Mwanafalsafa wa karne ya 17 John Locke huko Uingereza ndiye anayehesabiwa mara nyingi kama mwanzilishi wa uliberali. Locke alitetea hoja ya kwamba kila mtu ana haki asili za kuishi, kuwa huru na  kumiliki, akiongeza kwamba serikali hazitakiwi kutenda kinyume cha haki hizo. 

Falsafa hiyo ilichangia mapinduzi katika nchi mbalimbali, kama vile Mapinduzi ya Marekani na Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa na baada ya hapo ilienea haraka Ulaya na Amerika. 

Katika karne ya 20, Uliberali ulizidi kuenea kutokana na ushindi wa nchi zilizoufuata katika vita vikuu vyote viwili.

Hadi leo, vyama vya Kiliberali vinaendelea kutawala au kuathiri nchi mbalimbali duniani kote, na ubepari, kama tokeo la kulinda sana soko huria kwa msingi wa uliberali, ndio mfumo wa uchumi ulioenea karibu duniani kote baada ya ukomunisti kushindikana Urusi na katika nchi nyingine kadhaa.

Hata hivyo hoja nyingi zinazidi kutolewa dhidi ya ubepari na uliberali kwa jumla, kutokana na kuacha umati wa watu pembezoni mwa jamii kwa kuzidiwa katika ushindani usioratibiwa kati ya nchi zilizoendelea na nchi zinazoendelea, watu tajiri na mafukara.

## Tanbihi
## Marejeo
* Adams, Ian. *Ideology and politics in Britain today*. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-7190-5056-1
* Alterman, Eric. ''Why We're Liberals*. New York: Viking Adult, 2008. ISBN 0-670-01860-0
* Ameringer, Charles. *Political parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s*. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1992. ISBN 0-313-27418-5
* Amin, Samir. *The liberal virus: permanent war and the americanization of the world*. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004.
* Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius. *The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus*. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-19-954059-4
* Arnold, N. Scott. *Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation*. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 0-495-50112-3
* Auerbach, Alan and Kotlikoff, Laurence. *Macroeconomics* Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998. ISBN 0-262-01170-0
* Barzilai, Gad. *Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities* University of Michigan Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-472-03079-8
* Bell, Duncan. "What is Liberalism?". Political Theory, 42/6 (2014).
* Brack, Duncan and Randall, Ed (eds.). *Dictionary of Liberal Thought''. London: Politico's Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84275-167-1
* George Brandis, Tom Harley & Donald Markwell (editors). *Liberals Face the Future: Essays on Australian Liberalism*, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1984.
* Alan Bullock & Maurice Shock (editors). *The Liberal Tradition: From Fox to Keynes*, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.
* Chodos, Robert et al. *The unmaking of Canada: the hidden theme in Canadian history since 1945*. Halifax: James Lorimer & Company, 1991. ISBN 1-55028-337-5
* Coker, Christopher. *Twilight of the West*. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8133-3368-7
* Colomer, Josep Maria. *Great Empires, Small Nations*. New York: Routledge, 2007. ISBN 0-415-43775-X
* Cook, Richard. *The Grand Old Man*. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-4191-6449-X
* Delaney, Tim. *The march of unreason: science, democracy, and the new fundamentalism*. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-280485-5
* Diamond, Larry. *The Spirit of Democracy*. New York: Macmillan, 2008. ISBN 0-8050-7869-X
* Dobson, John. *Bulls, Bears, Boom, and Bust*. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2006. ISBN 1-85109-553-5
* Dorrien, Gary. *The making of American liberal theology*. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001. ISBN 0-664-22354-0
* Farr, Thomas. *World of Faith and Freedom*. New York: Oxford University Press US, 2008. ISBN 0-19-517995-1
* Falco, Maria. *Feminist interpretations of Mary Wollstonecraft*. State College: Penn State Press, 1996. ISBN 0-271-01493-8
* Fawcett, Edmund. *Liberalism: The Life of an Idea*. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-691-15689-7
* Flamm, Michael and Steigerwald, David. *Debating the 1960s: liberal, conservative, and radical perspectives*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. ISBN 0-7425-2212-1
* Frey, Linda and Frey, Marsha. *The French Revolution*. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2004. ISBN 0-313-32193-0
* Gallagher, Michael et al. *Representative government in modern Europe*. New York: McGraw Hill, 2001. ISBN 0-07-232267-5
* Gifford, Rob. *China Road: A Journey into the Future of a Rising Power*. Random House, 2008. ISBN 0-8129-7524-3
* Godwin, Kenneth et al. *School choice tradeoffs: liberty, equity, and diversity*. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002. ISBN 0-292-72842-5
* Gould, Andrew. *Origins of liberal dominance*. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. ISBN 0-472-11015-2
* Gray, John. *Liberalism*. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8166-2801-7
* Grigsby, Ellen. *Analyzing Politics: An Introduction to Political Science*. Florence: Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN 0-495-50112-3
* Gross, Jonathan. *Byron: the erotic liberal*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001. ISBN 0-7425-1162-6
* Hafner, Danica and Ramet, Sabrina. *Democratic transition in Slovenia: value transformation, education, and media*. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2006. ISBN 1-58544-525-8
* Handelsman, Michael. *Culture and Customs of Ecuador*. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2000. ISBN 0-313-30244-8
* Hartz, Louis. *The liberal tradition in America*. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1955. ISBN 0-15-651269-6
* 
* Hodge, Carl. *Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1944*. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. ISBN 0-313-33406-4
* Jensen, Pamela Grande. *Finding a new feminism: rethinking the woman question for liberal democracy*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1996. ISBN 0-8476-8189-0
* Johnson, Paul. *The Renaissance: A Short History*. New York: Modern Library, 2002. ISBN 0-8129-6619-8
* 
* Karatnycky, Adrian. *Freedom in the World*. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers, 2000. ISBN 0-7658-0760-2
* Karatnycky, Adrian et al. *Nations in transit, 2001*. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers, 2001. ISBN 0-7658-0897-8
*Kelly, Paul. *Liberalism*. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7456-3291-2
* Kirchner, Emil. *Liberal parties in Western Europe*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-521-32394-0
* Knoop, Todd. *Recessions and Depressions* Westport: Greenwood Press, 2004. ISBN 0-313-38163-1
* Koerner, Kirk. *Liberalism and its critics*. Oxford: Taylor & Francis, 1985. ISBN 0-7099-1551-9
* Leroux, Robert, *Political Economy and Liberalism in France:  The Contributions of Frédéric Bastiat*, London and New York, 2011.
* Leroux, Robert, Davi M. Hart (eds), *French Liberalism in the 19th Century*, London and New York: London, 2012.
* Lightfoot, Simon. *Europeanizing social democracy?: the rise of the Party of European Socialists*. New York: Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0-415-34803-X
* Losurdo, Domenico. *Liberalism: a counter-history*. London: Verso. 2011
* Lyons, Martyn. *Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution*. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-312-12123-7
* Mackenzie, G. Calvin and Weisbrot, Robert. *The liberal hour: Washington and the politics of change in the 1960s*. New York: Penguin Group, 2008. ISBN 1-59420-170-6
* Manent, Pierre and Seigel, Jerrold. *An Intellectual History of Liberalism*. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-691-02911-3
* Donald Markwell. *John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace*, Oxford University Press, 2006.
* Mazower, Mark. *Dark Continent*. New York: Vintage Books, 1998. ISBN 0-679-75704-X
* Monsma, Stephen and Soper, J. Christopher. *The Challenge of Pluralism: Church and State in Five Democracies*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. ISBN 0-7425-5417-1
* Palmer, R.R. and Joel Colton. *A History of the Modern World*. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc., 1995. ISBN 0-07-040826-2
* Perry, Marvin et al. *Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society*. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN 0-547-14742-2
* Pierson, Paul. *The New Politics of the Welfare State*. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-829756-4
* Puddington, Arch. *Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. ISBN 0-7425-5897-5
* Riff, Michael. *Dictionary of modern political ideologies*. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-7190-3289-X
* Rivlin, Alice. *Reviving the American Dream* Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8157-7476-1
* Ros, Agustin. *Profits for all?: the cost and benefits of employee ownership*. New York: Nova Publishers, 2001. ISBN 1-59033-061-7
* Routledge, Paul et al. *The geopolitics reader*. New York: Routledge, 2006. ISBN 0-415-34148-5
* 
* Ryan, Alan. *The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill*. Humanity Books: 1970. ISBN 978-1573924047.
* Ryan, Alan. *The Making of Modern Liberalism* (Princeton UP, 2012)
* Ryan, Alan. *On Politics: A History of Political Thought: From Herodotus to the Present*. Allen Lane, 2012. ISBN 978-0-87140-465-7.
* Shell, Jonathan. *The Unconquerable World: Power, Nonviolence, and the Will of the People*. New York: Macmillan, 2004. ISBN 0-8050-4457-4
* Shaw, G. K. *Keynesian Economics: The Permanent Revolution*. Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar Publishing Company, 1988. ISBN 1-85278-099-1
* Sinclair, Timothy. *Global governance: critical concepts in political science*. Oxford: Taylor & Francis, 2004. ISBN 0-415-27662-4
* Song, Robert. *Christianity and Liberal Society*. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-19-826933-1
* Stacy, Lee. *Mexico and the United States*. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2002. ISBN 0-7614-7402-1
* Steinberg, David I. *Burma: the State of Myanmar*. Georgetown University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-87840-893-2
* Steindl, Frank. *Understanding Economic Recovery in the 1930s*. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004. ISBN 0-472-11348-8
* Susser, Bernard. *Political ideology in the modern world*. Upper Saddle River: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. ISBN 0-02-418442-X
* Van den Berghe, Pierre. *The Liberal dilemma in South Africa*. Oxford: Taylor & Francis, 1979. ISBN 0-7099-0136-4
* Van Schie, P. G. C. and Voermann, Gerrit. *The dividing line between success and failure: a comparison of Liberalism in the Netherlands and Germany in the 19th and 20th Centuries*. Berlin: LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2006. ISBN 3-8258-7668-3
* Various authors. *Countries of the World & Their Leaders Yearbook 08, Volume 2*. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2007. ISBN 0-7876-8108-3
* Venturelli, Shalini. *Liberalizing the European media: politics, regulation, and the public sphere*. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-19-823379-5
* Wallerstein, Immanuel. *The Modern World-System IV: Centrist Liberalism trimphant 1789-1914*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011.
* Wempe, Ben. ''T. H. Green's theory of positive freedom: from metaphysics to political theory*. Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2004. ISBN 0-907845-58-4
* Whitfield, Stephen. *Companion to twentieth-century America*. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. ISBN 0-631-21100-4
* Wolfe, Alan. *The Future of Liberalism*. New York: Random House, Inc., 2009. ISBN 0-307-38625-2
* Worell, Judith. *Encyclopedia of women and gender, Volume I*. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001. ISBN 0-12-227246-3
* 
* Zvesper, John. *Nature and liberty''. New York: Routledge, 1993. ISBN 0-415-08923-9

## Viungo vya nje
* Liberalism an article by Encyclopædia Britannica
* 
* 
* Liberalism/Antiliberalism A critical survey
* Guide to Classical Liberal Scholarship