Tertuliani

**Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus** (160 hivi – 225 hivi), alikuwa padri na mwandishi maarufu wa Ukristo wa mwanzoni kutoka Karthago, mji wa mkoa wa Afrika katika Dola la Roma, leo nchini Tunisia. 

Ndiye Mkristo wa kwanza aliyeandika sana kwa Kilatini, akiathiri fasihi yote iliyofuata hasa kwa misamiati yake mipya, hasa kuhusu fumbo la Utatu Mtakatifu akaitwa "mwanzilishi wa teolojia ya Magharibi." 

Katika maandishi yake anajitokeza kama mtetezi wa imani pamoja na kupinga uzushi, ingawa ukali wa itikadi yake hatimaye ulimfanya ajitenge na Kanisa Katoliki. 

Habari chache tulizonazo kuhusu maisha yake yanapatikana hasa katika maandishi yake. 

## Maandishi 
Yanapatikana katika magombo 1–2 ya Patrologia Latina, na matoleo ya kisasa zaidi katika Corpus Christianorum Latinorum. 

;Utetezi wa imani
* *Apologeticus pro Christianis*.
* *Dissertatio Mosheim in Apol*.
* *Libri duo ad Nationes*.
* *De Testimonio animae*.
* *Ad Martyres*.
* *De Spectaculis*.
* *De Idololatria*.
* *Accedit ad Scapulam liber*.
* *Dissertatio D. Le Nourry in Apologet. libr. II ad Nat. et libr. ad Scapulam*.
;Hoja dhidi ya wengine
* *De Oratione*.
* *De Baptismo*.
* *De Poenitentia*.
* *De Patientia*.
* *Ad Uxorem libri duo*.
* *De Cultu Feminarum lib. II*.
;Mafundisho ya imani
* *De Corona Militis*.
* *De Fuga in Persecutione*.
* *Adversus Gnosticos Scorpiace*.
* *Adversus Praxeam*.
* *Adversus Hermogenem*.
* *Adversus Marcionem libri V*.
* *Adversus Valentinianos*.
* *Adversus Judaeos*.
* *De Anima*.
* *De Carne Christi*.
* *De Resurrectione Carnis*.
;Maadili
* *De velandis Virginibus*.
* *De Exhortatione Castitatis*.
* *De Monogamia*.
* *De Jejuniis*.
* *De Pudicitia*.
* *De Pallio*.

### Kadiri ya tarehe
Orodha hii ilipendekezwa na John Kaye, askofu wa Lincoln katika karne ya 19

Ya alipokuwa Mkatoliki (labda):
* 1. *De Poenitentia* (Of Repentance)
* 2. *De Oratione* (Of Prayer)
* 3. *De Baptismo* (Of Baptism)
* 4.,5. *Ad Uxorem*, lib. I & II, (To His Wife),
* 6. *Ad Martyras* (To the Martyrs),
* 7. *De Patientia* (Of Patience)
* 8. *Adversus Judaeos* (Reply to the Jews)
* 9. *De Praescriptione Haereticorum* (Prescription against Heretics),

Yasiyobainika:
* 10. *Apologeticus pro Christianis* (Apology for the Christians)
* 11.,12. *ad Nationes*, lib. I & II (To the Nations)
* 13. *De Testimonio animae* (On the Witness of the Soul)
* 14. *De Pallio* (Of the Ascetic Mantle)
* 15. *Adversus Hermogenem* (Against Hermogenes)

Ya baada ya kujitenga (labda):
* 16. *Adversus Valentinianus* (Against the Valentinians)
* 17. *ad Scapulam* (To Scapula, Proconsul of Africa),
* 18. *De Spectaculis* (Of the Games),
* 19. *De Idololatria* (Of Idolatry)
* 20., 21. *De cultu Feminarum*, lib. I & II (Of Women's Dress)

Ya baada ya kujitenga:
* 22. *Adversus Marcionem*, lib I (Against Marcion, Bk. I),
* 23. *Adversus Marcionem*, lib II
* 24. *De Anima* (Of the Soul),
* 25. *Adversus Marcionem*, lib III
* 26. *Adversus Marcionem*, lib IV
* 27. *De Carne Christi* (Of the Flesh of Christ),
* 28. *De Resurrectione Carnis* (Of the Resurrection of Flesh)
* 29. *Adversus Marcionem*, lib V
* 30. *Adversus Praxean* (Against Praxeas),
* 31. *Scorpiace* (Antidote to Scorpion's Bite)
* 32. *De Corona Militis* (Of the Soldier's Garland),
* 33. *De velandis Virginibus* (Of Veiling Virgins),
* 34. *De Exhortatione Castitatis* (Of Exhortation to Chastity),
* 35. *De Fuga in Persecutione* (Of Flight in Persecution)
* 36. *De Monogamia* (Of Monogamy)
* 37. *De Jejuniis, adversus psychicos* (Of Fasting, against the materialists),
* 38. *De Puditicia* (Of Modesty)

### Maandishi yenye shaka 
* 1. *Adversus Omnes Haereses* (Against all Heresies) – poss. Victorinus of Pettau
* 2 *De execrandis gentium diis* (On the Execrable Gods of the Heathens)
* 3 *Carmen adversus Marcionem* (Poem against Marcion)
* 4 *Carmen de Iona Propheta* (Poem about the Prophet Jonas) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
* 5 *Carmen de Sodoma* (Poem about Sodom) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
* 6 *Carmen de Genesi* (Poem about Genesis)
* 7 *Carmen de Judicio Domini* (Poem about the Judgment of the Lord)

## Tazama pia
*Mababu wa Kanisa

## Tanbihi 
## Marejeo 
* Initial text of article from *The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge*, Philip Schaff, public domain
* *This Holy Seed: Faith, Hope and Love in the Early Churches of North Africa* Robin Daniel, (Chester, Tamarisk Publications, 2010: from www.opaltrust.org) ISBN 095385634.
* T.D.Barnes, *Tertullian: A literary and historical study* Oxford, 1971; reprinted with appendix of revisions 1985.
* Ekonomou, Andrew J. 2007. *Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752*. Lexington Books.

## Viungo vya nje 
:Primary sources:
* Tertullian's works in many languages, including Latin, and English, website intratext.com.
* English translations of all Tertullian's works can be found in Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors, 1867–1872, *Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translation of the Writings of the Fathers, Down to AD 325*, Edinburgh: T&T Clark: Vol. 7 (Tertullian's Against Marcion), Vol. 11(Tertullian's Treatises, Pt. 1), Vol. 15 (Tertullian's Treatises, Pt.2), Vol. 18 (Tertullian's Treatises, Pt. 3)

:Secondary sources:
* EarlyChurch.org.uk Detailed bibliography and on-line articles.
* Jerome's On Famous Men Chapter 53 is devoted to Tertullian.
* Catholic Encyclopedia: Tertullian
* Tertullian in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
* The Tertullian Project, a site which provides all of the works of this Father of Church in Latin, translations in many languages, manuscripts etc.
* J. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln (1845, third edition) *The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries, illustrated from the writings of Tertullian*. London: Rivington.
* 

Jamii:Mapadri