Hadiah Nobel Kimia

Nu meunangkeun Hadiah Nobel widang kimia, disusun nurutkeun taun ti nu pangmimitina.

1901Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
:*for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions*
1902Hermann Emil Fischer
:*kanggo damelna ngeunaan sintésis gula jeung purin*
1903Svante August Arrhenius
:*kanggo téori disosiasi elektrolitik* (tempo ion)
1904Sir William Ramsay
:*for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air*
1905Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
:*kanggo damelna ngeunaan organic dyes jeung senyawa hidroaromatik*
1906Henri Moissan
:*kanggo panalungtikan anjeunna dina isolasi unsur florin, sarta kanggo electric furnace called after him*
1907Eduard Buchner
:*for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation*
1908Ernest Rutherford
:*for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances*
1909Wilhelm Ostwald
:*his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction*
1910Otto Wallach
:*for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds*
1911Marie Sklodowska-Curie
:*for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium*
1912Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
:*for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent* **and** *for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds*
1913Alfred Werner
:*for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules*
1914Theodore William Richards
:*for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements*
1915Richard Martin Willstätter
:*for his researches on plant pigments*
1918Fritz Haber
:*for his synthesis of ammonia*
1920Walther Hermann Nernst
:*for his work in thermochemistry*
1921Frederick Soddy
:*for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes*
1922Francis William Aston
:*for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule*
1923Fritz Pregl
:*for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances*
1925Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
:*for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used*
1926 The (Théodor) Svedberg
:*for his work on disperse systems*
1927Heinrich Otto Wieland
:*for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances*
1928Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
:*for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins*
1929Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
:*for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes*
1930Hans Fischer
:*for his researches into haemin and chlorophyll *
1931Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
:*for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods*
1932Irving Langmuir
:*for his work in surface chemistry*
1934Harold Clayton Urey
:*for his discovery of heavy hydrogen*
1935Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie
:*for their synthesis of new radioactive elements*
1936Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
:*for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases*
1937Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
:*for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C* **and** *for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2*
1938Richard Kuhn
:*for his work on carotenoids and vitamins*
1939Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
:*for his work on sex hormones* **and** *for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes*
1943George de Hevesy
:*for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes*
1944Otto Hahn
:*for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei*
1945Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
:*for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry*
1946James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
:*for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized* **and** *for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form*
1947Sir Robert Robinson
:*for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids*
1948Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
:*for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis*
1949William Francis Giauque
:*for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics*
1950Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder
:*for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis*. Diels-Alder reaction.
1951Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg
:*for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements*
1952Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge
:*for their invention of partition chromatography*
1953Hermann Staudinger
:*for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry*
1954Linus Carl Pauling
:*for his research into the nature of the chemical bond*
1955Vincent du Vigneaud
:*for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone*
1956Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
:*for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions*
1957Lord Alexander R. Todd
:*for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes*
1958Frederick Sanger
:*for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin*
1959Jaroslav Heyrovsky
:*for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis*
1960Willard Frank Libby
:*for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination*
1961Melvin Calvin
:*for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants*
1962Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew
:*for their studies of the structures of globular proteins*
1963Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
:*for their discoveries relating to high polymers*
1964Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
;*for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances*
1965Robert Burns Woodward
:*for his achievements in organic synthesis*
1966Robert Sanderson Mulliken
:*for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules*
1967Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
:*for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions*
1968Lars Onsager
:*for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name*
1969Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hassel
:*for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation*
1970Luis F. Leloir
:*for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates*
1971Gerhard Herzberg
:*for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals*
1972Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
:*for his work on ribonuclease* **and** *for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule*
1973Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
:*for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds*
1974Paul J. Flory
:*for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules*
1975John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
:*for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions* **and** *for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions*
1976William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.
:*for his studies on the structure of boranes*
1977Ilya Prigogine
:*for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics*
1978Peter D. Mitchell
:*for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory*
1979Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
:*for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis*
1980Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
:*for his studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids* **and** *for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids*
1981Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
:*for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions*
1982Aaron Klug
:*for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy *
1983Henry Taube
:*for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions*
1984Robert Bruce Merrifield
:*for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix*
1985Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
:*for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures*
1986Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
:*for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes*
1987Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
:*for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity*
1988Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
:*for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre*
1989Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
:*for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA*
1990Elias James Corey
:*for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis*
1991Richard R. Ernst
:*for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy*
1992Rudolph A. Marcus
:*for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems*
1993Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
:*for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry*
1994George A. Olah
:*for his contribution to carbocation chemistry*
1995Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
:*for their work in atmospheric chemistry*
1996Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley
:*for their discovery of fullerenes*
1997Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
:*for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate* **and** *for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase*
1998Walter Kohn, John A. Pople
:*for his development of the density functional theory* **and** *for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry*
1999Ahmed H. Zewail
:*for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy*
2000Alan J Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
:*for their discovery and development of conductive polymers*
2001William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
:*for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions* **and** *for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions*
2002Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka
:*for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules*
2003Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
:*for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes*
2004Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
:*for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation*
2005Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock
:*for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis*
2006Roger D. Kornberg
:*for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription*
2007Gerhard Ertl
:*for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces*
2008Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien
:*for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP*

## Tumbu kaluar 
* http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/index.html
* Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners