Kukupu

* Superfamily Hesperioidea:
** Hesperiidae
* Superfamily Papilionoidea:
** Papilionidae
** Pieridae
** Nymphalidae
** Lycaenidae
** Riodinidae

**Kukupu** nyaéta insékta hiber tina ordo Lepidoptera nu asup kana salah sahiji superfamili Hesperioidea jeung Papilionoidea (sakur kukupu lianna). Aya ogé ahli nu ngasupkeun kukupu kana superfamili Hedyloidea, ngengat Amérika. Loba pisan kukupu nu mibanda kelir nu ahéng sarta matak hélok. Nalik kacabak ku manusa, urang bakal ngarasakeun ayana tipung nu muruluk tina jangjang kukupu. Mun loba teuing nu murudulna, kamampuh hiberna bakal kaganggud. Masarakat nu ngoléksi atawa nalungtik kukupu (atawa ngenget/geget) disebutna lépidoptéris.

## Opat hambalan daur hirup kukupu
### Endog
Endog kukupu diwangun ku cangkang teuas nu disebut *korion*, lajeng handapeunana korion aya lapisan lilin ipis pikeun ngajaga kalembaban di jero endog. Tiap endog ngandung sababaraha liang nu ngamuara ka hiji lawang, disebutna *mikropil*; liang ieu dimaksudkeun sangkan spérma asup & ngabuahan endogna. Endog kukupu jeung ngengat ukuranana rupa-rupa gumantung spésiésna, tapi bentukna mah sarua lonyod.

### Larva
### Pupa
### Kukupu
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Insékta nu geus aya dina hambalan sawawa sacara séksual disebut imago. Sakumaha Lepidoptera, kukupu mibanda opat jangjang nu dibungkus ku skala lalembut (tempo foto), tapi teu siga ngengat, jangjang hareup jeung tukangna teu sajangkar, antukna kamampuh hiberna leuwih hadé. Kukupu boga genep suku; larvana ogé boga genep suku (ngan katambahan ku sababarapa pasang suku semu). Sanggeus kaluar tina hambalan pupalna, kukupu can waka bisa hiber alatan jangjangna can mébér, narilep kénéh. Sangkan mébér, jangjangna téh kudu kaaliran heula getih sarta diangin-ainginkeun sangkan garing. Tah, dina mangsa ieu pisan kukupu téh gampang pisan jadi sasaran nu ngamangsa.

## Klasifikasi
## Panduan ngeunaan kukupu
* *Butterflies of North America*, Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003)
* *Butterflies through Binoculars: The East*, Jeffrey Glassberg (1999)
* *Butterflies through Binoculars: The West*, Jeffrey Glassberg (2001)
* *A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies*, Paul Opler (1994)
* *A Field Guide to Western Butterflies*, Paul Opler (1999)
* *Peterson First Guide to Butterflies and Moths*, Paul Opler (1994)
* *The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland* ku Jim Asher (Editor), et al.  
* *Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland* ku Richard Lewington 
* *Butterflies of Britain and Europe* (Collins Wildlife Trust Guides) ku Michael Chinery
* *A Guide to Common Butterflies of Singapore* ku Steven Néo Say Hian (Singapore Science Centre)
* *Butterflies of West Malaysia and Singapore* ku W.A.Fleming. (Longman Malaysia)
* *Las Mariposas de Machu Picchu* ku Gerardo Lamas (2003)

## Rujukan
**Butterfly*, ti Wikipédia basa Inggris per 17 Séptémber 2005
*Pyle, R. M. (1992) *Handbook for Butterfly Watchers*. Houghton Mifflin.  Originally published, 1984.  ISBN 0-395-61629-8
*Heppner, J. B., 1998. Classification of Lepidoptera.  *Holarctic Lepidoptera*, Suppl. 1.
*Wahlberg, N., et al. (2005).  Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers. *Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B (Biological Sciences), 272*, 1577-1586.

## Fotograf tambahan

Image:Tagpfauenauge.jpg
Image:Issoria lathonia.jpg
Image:Buberel butterfly.jpg
Image:Rapsweissling_Pieris_napi.jpg
Image:Iphiclides podalirius.jpg
Image:C-Falter Polygonia C-album.jpg
Image:Meadow argus07.jpg
Image:Black and blue butterfly KL.jpg
Image:Black and yellow butterfly KL.jpg
Image:Black Butterfly with red.jpg
Image:Brown speckled butterfly KL.jpg
Image:Butterfly Morpho rhetenor helena (M) KL.jpg
Image:Parnassius phoebus.jpg|*Parnassius phoebus*
Image: Lycaena dispar02.jpg|*Lycaena dispar*
Image:Schwalbenschwanz papilio machaon.jpg |*Papilio machaon*

## Tumbu kaluar
*Online insect museum  - Visit online insect muséum. Nice gallery of butterflies, including rare Agrias, Morpho, Prepona. Also unique bilateral gynandomorph, etc!
*Butterflies of North America
*Butterfly Conservation
*UK Moths
*Butterflies and Moths in the Netherlands
*Moths and butterflies of Europe en North Africa
*Butterfly Website
*Tree Of Life 
*Butterflies of Singapore 
*"Butterflies equipped with tracker devices" by Tim Radford, *The Guardian*, April 6, 2005
*Wiktionary's butterfly page, with loads of funny-sounding translations
*Macro Photography - Images of Butterflies 
*[www.fotoplatforma.pl/index.php?lg=en&str=200&pokaz=51 butterflies pictures]
*[www.fotoplatforma.pl/en/butterflies/ Européan butterflies photo gallery ]
*Spanish butterflies