Malaysia Airlines

**Malaysia Airlines** (Disingket: **MAS** ; basa Malayu: *Penerbangan Malaysia*) nyaéta parusahaan penerbangan nasional Malaysia, nu ngalayanan tujuan internasional jeung domestik. MAS mangrupa salah sahiji tina opat parusahaan penerbangan nu meunang bentang-5 ti Skytrax.

## Sajarah
*Artikel utama: Sajarah Malaysia Airlines*

## Info pausahaan
Malaysia Airlines is listed on the stock exchange of Bursa Malaysia under the name **Malaysian Airline System Berhad**. Its parent company is Penerbangan Malaysia Berhad. The airline has suffered high losses over the yéars as a result of fuel price incréases and poor management. The Government of Malaysia overhauled the operations of the airline and Idris Jala was appointed as the new Céo in 1 December 2005. Under his léadership, Malaysia Airlines unveiled its Business Turnaround Plan (BTP) in February 2006 which highlighted low yield, an inefficient network and low productivity (overstaffing). The airline héadquarters building in downtown Kuala Lumpur has been sold. The new corporate héadquarters is now at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang.

### Struktur grup
Malaysia Airlines has over 20 subsidiaries and associates including:
;;Malaysia Airlines Cargo Sdn. Bhd. - 100%
:Malaysia Airlines Cargo Sdn. Bhd. is a cargo division of Malaysia Airlines and commercially known as MASkargo. It is a cargo carrier based in Advanced Cargo Center in KL International Airport.
:*Main Article:* MASkargo

;;MAS Aerotechnologies Sdn. Bhd. - 100%
:MAS Aerotechnologies Sdn. Bhd. is an engineering and maintenance division of Malaysia Airlines also known as Malaysian Airlines' Engineering and Maintenance Division. Malaysian Airlines' Engineering and Maintenance Division offers aircraft maintenance, calibration services, engineering & maintenance training and total engineering & maintenance support to various airline customers, among them are KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Garuda Indonesia and Royal Brunei Airlines.

;;MAS Academy Sdn. Bhd. - 100%
:MAS Academy Sdn. Bhd. is a training facility of Malaysia Airlines built for human factors and resources development. The MAS Academy is a training facility for employees. MAS Academy also provides training for other organisations in  airline operations and other related sectors.

;;MAS Golden Holidays Sdn. Bhd. - 100%
:MAS Golden Holidays Sdn. Bhd. is a division of Malaysia Airlines. Known as Golden Holidays, the division is responsible for marketing and selling Malaysia Airlines holiday packages and tours.

### FireFly
MAS announced the formation of a new airline **Firefly** to be managed by Flyfirefly Sdn. Bhd. The airline will 
fly two daily services out of Penang International Airport to Kota Bahru, Langkawi, Kuantan and Kuala Terengganu, plus daily services to Phuket and Koh Samui in southern Thailand. It is expected to begin its first service on late April, 2007 with fares as low as RM9 operating with two Fokker 50 aircraft.

## Corporate Image & Logo
### Corporate Image
;;Female Uniform - *Sarong Kebaya*
:The design of the *Sarong Kebaya* was introduced on 1 March 1986. It was designed by the School of Fashion at Mara Institute of Technology (Malay: *Institut Teknologi Mara*) and later known as Mara University of Technology (Malay: *Universiti Teknologi Mara*). The design reflects the Malaysian culture. The batik material depicts the *kelarai* motif which is a bamboo weave pattern. It appears in the background in subdued hues of the basic uniform colour. Superimposed on the *kelarai* motif is a mixture of local flora such as the cempaka, jasmine and the leaves of the hibiscus. The geometric Sarawakian motif is used for the lapels of the *baju*, edges of sleeves and the *sarong*.

:On 1 January 1993, the colors of the batik were enhanced to complement the color of the male cabin crew's new uniform.

;;Color Code
:* *Sarong Kebaya* with yellow flowers are for the Inflight Supervisors.
:* *Sarong Kebaya* with pink flowers are for the Chief Stewardesses, Leading Stewardesses and Flight Stewardesses.
:* *Sarong Kebaya* with magenta flowers are for the ground frontliners.

;;Male Uniform - Classic & Service Jackets
:Male cabin crews are required to wear the classic jacket whenever they are outside the aircraft with some exceptions. However, onboard the aircraft, male cabin crews with the exception of male In-flight Supervisors are required to wear the service jacket.  The male uniforms are color-coded.

;;Color Code
:* Dark shade *Ottanio* color jackets are for Inflight Supervisors, Chief Stewards, Leading Stewards and Flight Stewards.
:* Light shade *Ottanio* color jackets are for male ground frontliners.

### Corporate Logo
;;Winged Tiger

:The history of the airline started in 1937 when Malayan Airways Limited was registered as a company. Flying operations started in 1947, with the aircraft bearing the symbol of a *Winged Tiger*. In 1963, the airline was renamed Malaysian Airways Limited when the Federation of Malaysia was formed. Subsequently, Borneo Airways Limited was absorbed by Malaysian Airways Limited.

;;MSA
:In 1965, with the political separation of Singapore from Malaysia, there was continued participation by the governments of Malaysia and Singapore in the airline. In 1967 the company changed its name to Malaysia-Singapore Airline Limited (MSA), which was the joint national air carrier for both countries, and a new logo was introduced.

;;Moon Kite

:In 1971, Malaysia-Singapore Airline Limited was separated into two airlines, each with its own policies and objectives, leading to the birth of Malaysia's flag carrier, Malaysian Airline System (MAS) on 3 April 1971. The name was chosen because, in abbreviated form, *MAS* in Malay means gold, to symbolize quality service.

;;Current Logo (since 1987)
:A new corporate logo designed by Mara Institute of Technology (Malay: *Institut Teknologi Mara*) later known as Mara University of Technology (Malay: *Universiti Teknologi Mara*) was introduced on 15 October 1987, retaining the essence of the moon kite, with a sheared swept-back look for a more aerodynamic posture.

:Along with the new corporate logo, a new type style - **MALAYSIA**, was created.. It is italicized to slant parallel with the logo to accentuate speed as well as direction. Within this corporate typestyle, the alphabets **MAS** bear red clippings to denote initials of the statutory name of the airline, Malaysian Airline System (MAS) were added after the original design was rejected by former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir. The introduction of blue to the original red logo) has national significance. The red and blue divides equally in the mid-spine to connote equilibrium.

## Destinations
:*Main Article:* Malaysia Airlines Destinations

Under the Business Turnaround Plan (BTP), Malaysia Airlines began restructuring. The plan is based on the hub-and-spoke approach and the new Domestic Rationalism Policy announced by the Government. This resulted in Malaysia Airlines’ domestic routes being restructured from 118 to 22 routes and international routes from 114 to 90.

The domestic restructuring plan began in August 2006, whilst the restructuring of the international sector is being implemented in phases. Phase one - rerouted flights via KL International Airport as the primary hub and phase two, which required routes to be axed after exhaustive route profitability are completed.

The plan is not just to reduce the airline flights but also to improve connectivity and frequency on targeted routes. Previously, Malaysia Airlines only operated 2 daily waves of flight arrivals and departures, but from August 2006, the airline operated 4 waves of flight per day. The airline also launched its new flight schedules effective August 2006 to ensure better connectivity.

;;**International**
:As of August 2006, Malaysia Airlines flies to 60 destinations in Asia, Australasia, the Middle East, Europe, North America, Africa and South America plus 16 destinations within Malaysia. In cooperation with codeshare partner airlines, the airline serves a further 23 destinations worldwide. It was the first airline in Southeast Asia to fly to South Africa following the demise of apartheid and the only airline in the region that serves South America via its services to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

;;**Domestic**
:The implementation of Domestic Rationalism Policy in August 2006, saw Malaysia Airlines lose its non-trunk domestic routes and it will operate only 19 trunk routes within Malaysia. The national carrier operates 7 trunk routes between KL International Airport (KLIA) and Peninsular Malaysia cities, 6 trunk routes between KLIA and Sabah/Sarawak, and 6 trunk routes within Sabah and Sarawak. However, in July 2006, Malaysia Airlines will fly to 3 additional non-trunk routes increasing its domestic routes to 22.

;;**Rural Air Services**
:From its creation, up until 31 July 2006, Malaysia Airlines provided air links between remote areas of East Malaysia and its urban centers through Rural Air Services (RAS). Using the 19-seater Twin Otter aircraft, Malaysia Airlines provided services to the airstrips in Bakalalan, Bario, Belaga, Kudat, Lawas, Limbang, Mukah, Long Akah, Long Banga, Long Lelang, Long Seridan, Marudi, Mulu and Tomanggong. The loss making RAS was inherited by Malaysia Airlines through the creation of Malaysian Airline System (MAS), from 1971 until 2006. The service is now operated by FlyAsianXpress.

### Codeshare Partners
Flights operated by partner airlines on behalf of Malaysia Airlines
*Air Mauritius - Mauritius
*Austrian Airlines - Vienna [Termination effective March 2007]
*Garuda Indonesia - Jakarta, Darwin
*Gulf Air - Bahrain, Muscat
*KLM Royal Dutch Airlines - Amsterdam, Bergen, Copenhagen, Gothenburg, Helsinki, Jakarta, Oslo, Stavanger, Stockholm
*Qatar Airways - Doha
*SriLankan Airlines - Colombo
*Thai Airways International - Penang
*Uzbekistan Airways - Tashkent
*Virgin Blue - Adelaide, Ballina Byron, Brisbane, Broome, Cairns, Canberra, Coffs Coast, Darwin, Frase Coast, Gold Coast, Hamilton Island, Hobart, Launceston, Mackay, Melbourne, Newcastle, Perth, Rockhampton, Sunshine Coast, Sydney, Townsville, Whitsunday Coast
					

Flights operated by Malaysia Airlines on behalf of partner airlines
*Air India - Bangalore, Hyderabad, Los Angeles, Mumbai, Melbourne, Taipei
*All Nippon Airways - Kota Kinabalu,  Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo
*Dragon Air - Hong Kong, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching
*Garuda Indonesia - Denpasar, Jakarta, Medan, Surabaya,  Frankfurt, London, Paris
*KLM Royal Dutch Airlines - Amsterdam, Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Kota Kinabalu, Langkawi, Melbourne, Penang, Perth, Sydney
*Philippine Airlines - Cebu, Manila, Kota Kinabalu
*Swiss International Airlines - Zurich
*Thai Airways International - Bangkok, Phuket

Joint operations between Malaysia Airlines and partner airlines
*Cathay Pacific Airways - Hong Kong, Penang
*Dragonair - Hong Kong, Kota Kinabalu
*Korean Air - Séoul, Kota Kinabalu, Penang
*Myanmar Airways International - Yangon
*Royal Brunei Airlines - Bandar Seri Begawan, Kota Kinabalu
*Singapore Airlines - Singapore, Penang
*Silk Air - Singapore, Langkawi, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching
*SriLankan Airlines - Colombo

### Nomer penerbangan
Malaysia Airlines flight numbers are allocated according to géographical regions. In general, even-numbéréd flight numbers are outbound from Malaysia.

* MH001-MH049: Eropa
* MH050-MH089: Greater China, Jepang jeung Korea 
* MH090-MH099: North America
* MH100-MH149: Australia jeung Selandia Anyar
* MH150-MH199: Middle East and Indian Subcontinent
* MH200-MH299: Afrika jeung South America
* MH300-MH399: Greater China (from East Malaysia) 
* MH600-MH699: Singapura
* MH700-MH999: Asia Tenggara
* MH1000-MH1999: Domestic : Peninsular Malaysia
* MH2000-MH2999: Domestic : East Malaysia
* MH5000-MH5999: Training & maintenance flights
* MH6000-MH6999: MASkargo (Cargo/freighter services)
* MH8000-MH8999: Chartered & Hajj flights
* MH9000-MH9999: International codeshares

## Fleet
*Main Article:* Malaysia Airlines Fleet

### Current Fleet
The airline flies Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200 and Airbus A330  aircraft mainly for medium to long haul international routes, while the Boeing 737-400 is often used for shorter international and domestic flights departed from KL International Airport, Kota Kinabalu International Airport, Penang International Airport and Kuching International Airport. The Malaysia Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:

**Notes** 
:-RNSD aircraft is a refurbished aircraft with brand new cabin features. 
:-As of August 2006, the average age of Malaysia Airlines' fleet was 11 years.

### Future Fleet
In 2003, Malaysia Airlines' parent company Penerbangan Malaysia Berhad (PMB) signed a déal for 6 Airbus A380-800 aircraft. The first A380-800 was to be delivered in éarly 2007 under a léase déal from its parent company Penerbangan Malaysia Berhad (PMB). However, in October 2006, Airbus parent company éaDS said that the A380 will be delayed for another yéar.

### Historic Fleet
List of aircraft that Malaysia Airlines and its predecessor companies flew in past.

## In-flight Entertainment
*Select* is the in-flight entertainment system of Malaysia Airlines. Passengers can choose over 500 hours of audio and vidéo programming. With 200 music CDs and 40 movies on-demand available, passengers can start, stop, forward and rewind their selected programme at will. A touch screen personal TV is available for First Class passengers and Golden Club Class (Business Class) on board Boeing 747-400 and Boeing 777-200 aircraft.

## Loyalty Programmes
*Main Article:* Enrich Loyalty Programme

Malaysia Airlines has 2 loyalty programmes, Grads for Students by Malaysia Airlines (Grads) and Enrich by Malaysia Airlines (Enrich). Grads is a loyalty programme with benefits designed for students. Enrich by Malaysia Airlines is a travel reward programme for frequent travellers that comprises a variety of airlines, banks, credit card issuers, hotels and lifestyle retailers around the world.

## Awards
*Main Article:* Malaysia Airlines: Awards

Malaysia Airlines has won numerous awards from international organizations, such as Skytrax.

## Incidents & Accidents 
Malaysia Airlines is accredited by IATA with the IOSA (IATA Operations Safety Audit).

* 4 December 1977 - A Boeing 737-200 () as Flight 653 was hijacked, and crashed in Tanjung Kupang, Johor  killing 100 people aboard.
*  18 December 1983 - A Airbus A300-B4 (OY-KAA) lease from Scandinavian Airlines crashed 2&nbsp;km short of the runway in Subang. There were no fatalities, but the aircraft is written off.
* 15 September 1995 - A Fokker F50 () crashed during approach in Tawau, Sabah due to wind shear. 34 passengers were killed.
* 15 March 2000 - An Airbus A330-300 (9M-MKB) suffered fuselage damage when "hydroxy quino-line" leaked from several canisters when unloading. The 5-year-old Airbus was damaged beyond economical repair.
* 1 August 2005 - A Boeing 777-200ER (9M-MRG) made an emergency landing in Perth after the fly-by-wire primary flight control and autopilot failed to operate.

## References 
*Malaysia Airlines; (2002). Malaysia Airlines Cabin Crew Manual: Introduction to Malaysia Airlines. Kuala Lumpur: Flight Operations.
*Malaysia Airlines; (2002). Malaysia Airlines Cabin Crew Manual: Grooming & Uniform Procedures. Kuala Lumpur: Flight Operations.
*Berita Pulse; (October 2006). Berita Pulse, October 2006. Kuala Lumpur: Communications Division, Malaysia Airlines.
*Berita Pulse; (August 2006). Berita Pulse, August 2006. Kuala Lumpur: Communications Division, Malaysia Airlines.
*Berita Pulse; (July 2006). Berita Pulse, July 2006. Kuala Lumpur: Communications Division, Malaysia Airlines.
*Berita Pulse; (June 2006). Berita Pulse, June 2006. Kuala Lumpur: Communications Division, Malaysia Airlines.
*"Malaysia Airlines: Corporate Info" . Retrieved 31 October 2006.
*"MASkargo: Corporate Info" . Retrieved 31 October 2006.
*"Berita Pulse". Retrieved 31 October 2006.
*Going Places; (August 2006). Going Places, August 2006. Kuala Lumpur: Communications Division, Malaysia Airlines.
*"AeroMalaysia: Malaysia Airlines: Current Fleet" . Retrieved 31 October 2006.
*"AeroMalaysia: Malaysia Airlines: Former Fleet" . Retrieved 31 October 2006.

## Tumbu luar
* Malaysia Airlines - Corporate Website
* Penerbangan Malaysia Berhad  - Parent Company