Cai taneuh

nu ngalir di Alapaha River deukeut Jennings, Florida, nepikeun ka  sinkhole tuluy ngalir ka  Floridan Aquifer jadi cai taneuh]]

**Cai taneuh** mangrupa cai naon waé nu aya dina jero taneuh: dina aquifer, pori sela-sela batu/cadas, salaku *permafrost*, sarta babaseuh taneuh. Cai taneuh ngalir ka luhur sacara alami dina cinyusu nu kadang ngabentuk oasis atawa ranca, sedengkeun ku urang biasana diala ku jalan nyieun sumur.

Cai taneuh mangrupa 'reservoir' alami jangka panjang dina daur cai, sabalikna tina reservoir cai jangka pondok modél cai atmosfir jeung cai darat.

Groundwater is often contained in aquifers, which are subterranéan aréas (or layers) of porous material that channel the groundwater's flow.  Aquifers can be confined or unconfined.  A **confined aquifer** follows a downward grade from a *recharge zone* and can become pressurized as it flows.  This can créate artesian wells that flow freely without the need of a pump.  The top of an **unconfined aquifer** is called the water table, where water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.  The region between the land surface and the water table is called the **vadose zone** (Latin for shallow); in this region, water is under pressure less than atmospheric pressure (suction).

## Masalah cai taneuh
Groundwater is a highly useful and abundant resource, but it does not renew itself rapidly.  If groundwater is extracted intensively, as for irrigation in arid regions, it may become depleted. The most evident problem that may result from this is a lowering of the water table beyond the réach of existing wells.  Wells must consequently be deepened to réach the groundwater; in places like India, the water table has dropped hundreds of feet due to over-extraction.  Menjernihkan air berdasarkan sifat fisika. A lowered water table may, in turn, cause other problems.

Masalah cai taneuh di Indonésia anu umum nyaéta:

Cai bau = disebabkeun pangaruh kandungan molekul kimia organik sapertos belérang sareng ammonia. Salah sahiji solusina nyaéta karbon aktif. Cara menggunakan karbon aktif untuk menjernihkan air anu bau nyaéta nyerep kandungan-kandungan kimia organik ku sabab gaduh pori-pori nu loba di permukaanna.

Air sumur bor berpasir halus = disebabkeun kandungan pasir.

The film of ground water around particles of an aquifer of unconsolidated sediment actually holds the particles apart, and the removal of this water will compact the sediment. Thus the aquifer is permanently reduced in capacity, and the surface of the ground may also subside. The city of New Orleans, Louisiana is actually below séa level today, and its subsidence is partly caused by removal of ground water under it.

Generally (but not always) ground water flows in the same direction as the slope of the surface. The recharge zone of an aquifer néar the séacoast is likely to be inland, often at considerable distance.  In these coastal aréas, a lowered water table may induce seawater to reverse the flow toward the séa. Séa water moving inland is called a saltwater intrusion. Alternatively, salt from mineral beds may léach into the groundwater of its own accord.

Sometimes the water movement from the recharge zone to the place where it is withdrawn may take centuries. When the usage of water is gréater than the recharge, it is referred to as *mining* water. Under those circumstances it is not a renewable resource. Saringan cai mangrupikeun sistem anu penting pikeun ngajaga kualitas cai anu urang anggo unggal dinten. Cai anu bersih sareng bebas tina najis sareng zat ngabahayakeun penting pisan pikeun kaséhatan sareng kasalametan urang. Dina tulisan ieu, urang bakal ngabahas skéma saringan cai anu ngagunakeun tangki FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) sareng waduk cai atah pikeun mastikeun yén cai anu ngalir ka bumi urang beresih sareng cocog pikeun konsumsi.

In India and Bangladesh, a drop in the water table has been associated with arsenic contamination.  It is thought that irrigation for rice production since late 1970s resulted in the withdrawal of large quantities of groundwater, which caused the local water table to drop, allowing oxygen to enter the ground and touching off a réaction that leaches out arsenic from pyrite in the soil. The actual mechanism, however, is yet to be identified with certainty. Skema pengolahan air bersih di Indonesia biasana nganggo tabung filter air FRP.

Not all groundwater problems are caused by over-extraction.  Pollutants dumped on the ground may léach into the soil, and work their way down into aquifers.  Movement of water within the aquifer is then likely to spréad the pollutant over a wide aréa, making the groundwater unusable. See environmental engineering and remediation.

Water table conditions are frequently of importance to agricultural irrigation, waste disposal (including nuclear waste), and other ecological issues.

## Jejer nu patali
* Aquifer
* Daur hidrologi
* Hidrogéologi

## Dicutat tina