Mokunyane

**Mokunyane**, tse tsejwang hape e le di **-fossorial** kapa **subterranean mole rats**, ke leloko la ditweba ( **Spalacinae** ) tsa lelapa la Spalacidae, tse fumanwang Europe Botjhabela le bophirimela le Asia bohareng . Ditweba tsa hystricognath mole-rats tsa lelapa la Bathyergidae ha di amane ho hang, empa mefuta e meng le yona e teng lelapeng la Spalacidae . Zokors (subfamily Myospalacinae ), dikgoto tsa metso, le ditweba tsa bamboo (lehlopha la Rhizomyinae ) ke di-spalacids tseo ka dinako tse ding di bitswang ditweba tsa mole.

Mekunyane e foufetseng e malapeng a Spalacidae, empa e ikgetha ka ho lekaneng hore di fuwe subfamily e arohaneng, **Spalacinae** . Maikutlo a mang mabapi le lekgetho a nka hore ditweba tse foufetseng ke tsona feela ditho tsa lelapa la Spalacidae  mme di beha malapa a mang a seng makae e le malapa a feletseng. Bangodi ba bang ba kopanya ditho tsohle tsa lelapa le leholo la Muroidea hore e be lelapa le le leng, Muridae . Spalacinae e na le mefuta e mmedi le mefuta e robedi. Ba bang ba boholong ba nka mefuta yohle ya mefuta e le ya mofuta o le mong, *Spalax*, empa diphuputso tsa morao-rao di bontsha phapang e tebileng pakeng tsa meloko ka bobedi e qalileng ho tloha ho Late Miocene, e ba tshehetsang e le moloko o ikgethang.  **'

mekunyane e  foufetse e le kannete .  Mahlo a tsona a manyenyane haholo a kwahetse ka ho feletseng ke lera la letlalo. Ho fapana le ditweba tse ding tse ngata, ditweba tse foufetseng ha di na manala a ka pele a atolositsweng mme ha di bonahale di sebedisa matsoho a tsona e le sesebediswa sa mantlha sa ho epa. Ho epa ho batla ho etswa ka mokgwa o ikgethileng ho sebediswa meno a bona a ka pele a matla, a arohaneng le molomo o mong ka lephako la letlalo. [[Ha]] mokunyane o foufetseng e kwala molomo wa ona, di-incisors tsa ona di ntse di le ka ntle. Mekunyane e ka nna ya hlaha ho tloha ho di-spalacid tse neng di sebelisa maoto le matsoho a tsona a ka pele ho epa, hobane mekgwa ya bona ya olecranon e kgolo ha e bapiswa le matsoho a bona kaofela. Tshebetso ya olecranon ke karolo ya lesapo la ulna moo mesifa e kgomarelang, mme diphoofolo tse tjhekang di atisa ho ba le mekgwa e atolositsweng ya olecranon ho fana ka sebaka se seholo bakeng sa mesifa ya bona e meholo le e matla hore e kgomarele. 

Kaha di foufetse ka ho feletseng, mekunyane e foufetseng e bile diphoofolo tsa laboratori tsa bohlokwa ditekong tsa hore na mahlo le diprotheine tsa mahlo di sebetsa jwang. Le hoja mekunyane ena na le mahlo a atrophied subcutaneous feela mme di sa bone, morethetho wa tsona wa circadian o  bolokwa. Dingolweng tse mmalwa, tse kang Avivi ''et al.'', 2002, di pakile hore diphatsa tsa lefutso tsa circadian tse laolang nako ya dintho tse phelang di hlahiswa ka mokgwa o tshwanang le wa diphoofolo tse anyesang tse bonwang ka hodima lefatshe. 

== Karolelano ==

* Subfamily **Spalacinae*' - foufetseng mole-rats
** Mofuta oa *Spalax*
*** Mehely's blind mole-rat *, S. antiquus*
*** Sandy blind mole-rat, *S. arenarius*
*** Sefofu se seholo sa mole-rat, *S. giganteus*
*** Bukovina foufetseng mole-rat, *S. graecus*
*** Oltenia blind mole-rat, *S. istricus* (mohlomong e felile )
*** E kholoanyane ea foufetseng mole-rat, *S. microphthalmus*
*** Kazakhstan blind mole-rat, *S. uralensis*
*** Podolsk foufetseng mole-rat, *S. zemni*
** Genus *Nannospalax* - litoeba tse nang le 'mele o monyane
*** Mofuta o monyenyane *oa Nannospalax*
**** Middle East blind mole-rat kapa Palestine mole-rat, *N. ehrenbergi*
*** Mofuta o monyenyane *oa Mesospalax*
**** Lesser blind mole-rat, *N. leucodon*
**** Anatolian blind mole-rat kapa Nehring's blind mole-rat, *N. xanthodon''

## Mefuta